pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Black holes turn white fast, otherwise stay black: no half measures

Recently, various authors have proposed that the first ultraviolet effect on
the gravitational collapse of massive stars to black holes is the transition
between a black-hole geometry and a white-hole geometry, though their proposals
are radically different in terms of their physical interpretation and
characteristic time scales [1,2]. Several decades ago, it was shown by Eardley
that white holes are highly unstable to the accretion of small amounts of
matter, being rapidly turned into black holes [3]. Studying the crossing of
null shells on geometries describing the black-hole to white-hole transition,
we obtain the conditions for the instability to develop in terms of the
parameters of these geometries. We conclude that transitions with long
characteristic time scales are pathologically unstable: occasional
perturbations away from the perfect vacuum around these compact objects, even
if being imperceptibly small, suffocate the white hole explosion. On the other
hand, geometries with short characteristic time scales are shown to be robust
against perturbations, so that the corresponding processes could take place in
real astrophysical scenarios. This motivates a conjecture about the transition
amplitudes of different decay channels for black holes in a suitable
ultraviolet completion of general relativity.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures. V2: Minor changes and updated references.
  Matches the published versio
A 2 TeV $W_R$, Supersymmetry, and the Higgs Mass

A recent ATLAS search for diboson resonances and a CMS search for $eejj$
resonances which both show excesses with significance around 3 sigma have
generated interest in $SU(2)_R$ gauge extensions of the Standard Model with a
$W'$ mass around 2 TeV. We investigate the possibility that an $SU(2)_R$ gauge
extension of the MSSM compatible with an explanation of the diboson anomaly
might give rise to a significant enhancement of the Higgs mass above the MSSM
tree level bound $m_{h, \text{tree}} < 90 \; \text{GeV}$ due to non-decoupling
D-terms. This model contains a vector-like charge -1/3 $SU(2)_R$ singlet quark
for each generation which mixes significantly with the $SU(2)_R$ doublet
quarks, affecting the $W_R$ phenomenology. We find that it is possible to
achieve $m_{h, \text{tree}} > 110 \; \text {GeV}$, and this requires that the
$Z'$ mass is close to 3 TeV.Comment: 18 pages + appendices, 6 figure
Non-Abelian family symmetries as portals to dark matter

Non-Abelian family symmetries offer a very promising explanation for the
flavour structure in the Standard Model and its extensions. We explore the
possibility that dark matter consists in fermions that transform under a family
symmetry, such that the visible and dark sector are linked by the familons -
Standard Model gauge singlet scalars, responsible for spontaneously breaking
the family symmetry. We study three representative models with non-Abelian
family symmetries that have been shown capable to explain the masses and mixing
of the Standard Model fermions. One of our central results is the possibility
to have dark matter fermions and at least one familon with masses on and even
below the experimentally accessible TeV scale. In particular we discuss the
characteristic signatures in collider experiments from light familon Fields
with a non-Abelian family symmetry, and we show that run I of the LHC is
already testing this class of models.Comment: 16 pages plus reference
Geometric Compatibility of IceCube TeV-PeV Neutrino Excess and its
  Galactic Dark Matter Origin

We perform a geometric analysis for the sky map of the IceCube TeV-PeV
neutrino excess and test its compatibility with the sky map of decaying dark
matter signals in our galaxy. Using both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the
likelihood-ratio tests, we have found that the observed event sky map prefers
to have a combination of the galactic dark matter and a homogeneous background
contributions, compared to a purely galactic dark matter origin. For the
assumption that the galactic dark matter is responsible for all neutrino
excess, the current data can also exclude a wide range of dark matter profiles
except flatter profiles such as the isothermal one. We also consider several
representative decaying dark matter spectra, which can provide a good fit to
the observed spectrum at IceCube with a dark matter lifetime of around 12
orders of magnitude longer than the age of the universe.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
Universal Entanglement and Boundary Geometry in Conformal Field Theory

Employing a conformal map to hyperbolic space cross a circle, we compute the
universal contribution to the vacuum entanglement entropy (EE) across a sphere
in even-dimensional conformal field theory. Previous attempts to derive the EE
in this way were hindered by a lack of knowledge of the appropriate boundary
terms in the trace anomaly. In this paper we show that the universal part of
the EE can be treated as a purely boundary effect. As a byproduct of our
computation, we derive an explicit form for the A-type anomaly contribution to
the Wess-Zumino term for the trace anomaly, now including boundary terms. In
d=4 and 6, these boundary terms generalize earlier bulk actions derived in the
literature.Comment: 35 pages text plus 17 pages appendices and references, 3 figures; v2
  package conflict resolved; v3 refs added, claim regarding newness of boundary
  central charge in d=4 removed, factor of 3 typo fixe
Measurement of $\theta_{13}$ in Double Chooz using neutron captures on
  hydrogen with novel background rejection techniques

The Double Chooz collaboration presents a measurement of the neutrino mixing
angle $\theta_{13}$ using reactor $\overline{\nu}_{e}$ observed via the inverse
beta decay reaction in which the neutron is captured on hydrogen. This
measurement is based on 462.72 live days data, approximately twice as much data
as in the previous such analysis, collected with a detector positioned at an
average distance of 1050m from two reactor cores. Several novel techniques have
been developed to achieve significant reductions of the backgrounds and
systematic uncertainties. Accidental coincidences, the dominant background in
this analysis, are suppressed by more than an order of magnitude with respect
to our previous publication by a multi-variate analysis. These improvements
demonstrate the capability of precise measurement of reactor
$\overline{\nu}_{e}$ without gadolinium loading. Spectral distortions from the
$\overline{\nu}_{e}$ reactor flux predictions previously reported with the
neutron capture on gadolinium events are confirmed in the independent data
sample presented here. A value of $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13} =
0.095^{+0.038}_{-0.039}$(stat+syst) is obtained from a fit to the observed
event rate as a function of the reactor power, a method insensitive to the
energy spectrum shape. A simultaneous fit of the hydrogen capture events and of
the gadolinium capture events yields a measurement of $\sin^{2}2\theta_{13} =
0.088\pm0.033$(stat+syst)
Loops in exceptional field theory

We study certain four-graviton amplitudes in exceptional field theory in
dimensions $D\geq 4$ up to two loops. As the formulation is manifestly
invariant under the U-duality group $E_{11-D}(\mathbb{Z})$, our resulting
expressions can be expressed in terms of automorphic forms. In the low energy
expansion, we find terms in the M-theory effective action of type $R^4$,
$\nabla^4R^4$ and $\nabla^6 R^4$ with automorphic coefficient functions in
agreement with independent derivations from string theory. This provides in
particular an explicit integral formula for the exact string theory $\nabla^6
R^4$ threshold function. We exhibit moreover that the usual supergravity
logarithmic divergences cancel out in the full exceptional field theory
amplitude, within an appropriately defined dimensional regularisation scheme.
We also comment on terms of higher derivative order and the role of the section
constraint for possible counterterms.Comment: 1+78 pages: v2: Added references and typos corrected. Version
  accepted by JHEP. v3: corrected discussion of associativity in EFT and other
  typo
Relating transverse structure of various parton distributions

We present the results of T-even TMDs in a light front quark-diquark model of
nucleons with the wave functions constructed from the soft-wall AdS/QCD
prediction. The relations amongst TMDs are discussed. The $p_\perp$ dependence
of the TMDs are compared with the $t$-dependence of the GPDs. AdS/QCD wave
function provides an explanation behind the approximate $x$ and $p_\perp$
factorization observed in lattice TMD calculations.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, modified extensively, added new results and
  discusssion
The $\mathcal{N}=2$ Schur index from free fermions

We study the Schur index of 4-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ circular quiver
theories. We show that the index can be expressed as a weighted sum over
partition functions describing systems of free Fermions living on a circle. For
circular $SU(N)$ quivers of arbitrary length we evaluate the large $N$ limit of
the index, up to exponentially suppressed corrections. For the single node
theory ($\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM) and the two node quiver we are able to go beyond
the large $N$ limit, and obtain the complete, all orders large $N$ expansion of
the index, as well as explicit finite $N$ results in terms of elliptic
functions.Comment: 36 pages, 1 figure; v2: Minor corrections, version published in JHEP;
  v3: Minor correction
Probing N=2 superconformal field theories with localization

We use supersymmetric localization to study probes of four dimensional
Lagrangian N=2 superconformal field theories. We first derive a unique equation
for the eigenvalue density of these theories. We observe that these theories
have a Wigner eigenvalue density precisely when they satisfy a necessary
condition for having a holographic dual with a sensible higher-derivative
expansion. We then compute in the saddle-point approximation the vacuum
expectation value of 1/2-BPS circular Wilson loops, and the two-point functions
of these Wilson loops with the Lagrangian density and with the stress-energy
tensor. This last computation also provides the corresponding Bremsstrahlung
functions and entanglement entropies. As expected, whenever a finite fraction
of the matter is in the fundamental representation, the results are drastically
different from those of N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 20 page
Color-Kinematics Duality for QCD Amplitudes

We show that color-kinematics duality is present in tree-level amplitudes of
quantum chromodynamics with massive flavored quarks. Starting with the color
structure of QCD, we work out a new color decomposition for n-point tree
amplitudes in a reduced basis of primitive amplitudes. These primitives, with k
quark-antiquark pairs and (n-2k) gluons, are taken in the (n-2)!/k! Melia
basis, and are independent under the color-algebra Kleiss-Kuijf relations. This
generalizes the color decomposition of Del Duca, Dixon, and Maltoni to an
arbitrary number of quarks. The color coefficients in the new decomposition are
given by compact expressions valid for arbitrary gauge group and
representation. Considering the kinematic structure, we show through explicit
calculations that color-kinematics duality holds for amplitudes with general
configurations of gluons and massive quarks. The new (massive) amplitude
relations that follow from the duality can be mapped to a well-defined subset
of the familiar BCJ relations for gluons. They restrict the amplitude basis
further down to (n-3)!(2k-2)/k! primitives, for two or more quark lines. We
give a decomposition of the full amplitude in that basis. The presented results
provide strong evidence that QCD obeys the color-kinematics duality, at least
at tree level. The results are also applicable to supersymmetric and
D-dimensional extensions of QCD.Comment: 33 pages + refs, 7 figures, 4 tables; v3 minor corrections, journal
  versio
String-inspired BCJ numerators for one-loop MHV amplitudes

We find simple expressions for the kinematic numerators of one-loop MHV
amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and supergravity, for
any multiplicity. The gauge theory numerators satisfy the
Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) duality between color and kinematics, so that the
gravity numerators are simply the square of the gauge theory ones. The duality
holds because the numerators can be written in terms of structure constants of
a kinematic algebra, which is familiar from the BCJ organization of self-dual
gauge theory and gravity. The close connection that we find between one-loop
amplitudes in the self-dual case and in the maximally supersymmetric case is
the converse to the dimension-shifting formula. The starting point for arriving
at our expressions is the dimensional reduction of ten-dimensional amplitudes
obtained in the field-theory limit of open superstrings.Comment: 31+12 pages, 7 figures. v2: minor corrections, published versio
Gravitational and gauge couplings in Chern-Simons fractional spin
  gravity

We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the consistency of the
supertrace, through the existence of a certain ground state projector. We build
this projector and check its properties to the first two orders in the number
operator and to all orders in the deformation parameter. We then find the
relation between the gravitational and internal gauge couplings in the
resulting unified three-dimensional Chern--Simons theory for Blencowe--Vasiliev
higher spin gravity coupled to fractional spin fields and internal gauge
potentials. We also examine the model for integer or half-integer fractional
spins, where infinite dimensional ideals arise and decouple, leaving finite
dimensional gauge algebras $gl(2l+1)$ or $gl(l|l+1)$ and various real forms
thereof.Comment: Published in JHEP. 32 pages, 3 figure
Bidirectional holographic codes and sub-AdS locality

Tensor networks implementing quantum error correcting codes have recently
been used to construct toy models of holographic duality explicitly realizing
some of the more puzzling features of the AdS/CFT correspondence. These models
reproduce the Ryu-Takayanagi entropy formula for boundary intervals, and allow
bulk operators to be mapped to the boundary in a redundant fashion. These
exactly solvable, explicit models have provided valuable insight but
nonetheless suffer from many deficiencies, some of which we attempt to address
in this article. We propose a new class of tensor network models that subsume
the earlier advances and, in addition, incorporate additional features of
holographic duality, including: (1) a holographic interpretation of all
boundary states, not just those in a "code" subspace, (2) a set of bulk states
playing the role of "classical geometries" which reproduce the Ryu-Takayanagi
formula for boundary intervals, (3) a bulk gauge symmetry analogous to
diffeomorphism invariance in gravitational theories, (4) emergent bulk locality
for sufficiently sparse excitations, and (5) the ability to describe geometry
at sub-AdS resolutions or even flat space.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
General Results for Higher Spin Wilson Lines and Entanglement in
  Vasiliev Theory

We develop tools for the efficient evaluation of Wilson lines in 3D higher
spin gravity, and use these to compute entanglement entropy in the
hs$[\lambda]$ Vasiliev theory that governs the bulk side of the duality
proposal of Gaberdiel and Gopakumar. Our main technical advance is the
determination of SL(N) Wilson lines for arbitrary $N$, which, in suitable
cases, enables us to analytically continue to hs$[\lambda]$ via $N \rightarrow
-\lambda$. We apply this result to compute various quantities of interest,
including entanglement entropy expanded perturbatively in the background higher
spin charge, chemical potential, and interval size. This includes a computation
of entanglement entropy in the higher spin black hole of the Vasiliev theory.
These results are consistent with conformal field theory calculations. We also
provide an alternative derivation of the Wilson line, by showing how it arises
naturally from earlier work on scalar correlators in higher spin theory. The
general picture that emerges is consistent with the statement that the SL(N)
Wilson line computes the semiclassical $W_N$ vacuum block, and our results
provide an explicit result for this object.Comment: 48+26 page
On big crunch solutions in Prokushkin-Vasiliev theory

We construct simple solutions of three-dimensional higher spin gravity
interacting with matter in which only the scalar and spin-two fields are
excited. They preserve Lorentz symmetry and are similar to the four-dimensional
solutions constructed by Sezgin and Sundell, with the difference that the
additional twisted sectors of the three-dimensional theory are excited.
Furthermore, the three-dimensional system contains an extra parameter $\lambda$
which allows us to vary the mass of the scalar. Among other reasons, the
resulting solutions are interesting for the holographic study of cosmological
singularities: they describe the growth of a Coleman-De Luccia bubble in
anti-de Sitter space, ending in a big crunch singularity. We initiate the
holographic study of these solutions, finding evidence for their interpretation
within a multi-trace deformation which renders the dual field theory unstable.
The limit $\lambda \to 0$ is particularly interesting as it captures effects of
a running coupling in a large-$N$ interacting fermion model. We also propose a
generalization of our solutions, consisting of a dressing with
Lorentz-invariant projectors. This additional sector remains non-trivial when
the scalar field is turned off.Comment: Truncation to the 3D minimal bosonic model, clarifications and one
  reference added. Typos corrected. Version accepted for publication in JHE
Comments on the evaluation of massless scattering

The goal of this work is threefold. First, we give an expression of the most
general five point integral on M_{0,n} in terms of Chebyshev polynomials.
Second, we choose a special kinematics that transforms the polynomial form of
the scattering equations to a linear system of symmetric polynomials. We then
explain how this can be used to explicitly evaluate arbitrary point integrals
on M_{0,n}. Third, we comment on the recently presented method of companion
matrices and we show its equivalence to the elimination theory and an algorithm
previously developed by one of the authors.Comment: 14 pages; v2 minor changes, published versio
Surface Operators and Separation of Variables

Alday, Gaiotto, and Tachikawa conjectured relations between certain 4d N=2
supersymmetric field theories and 2d Liouville conformal field theory. We study
generalizations of these relations to 4d theories with surface operators. For
one type of surface operators the corresponding 2d theory is the WZW model, and
for another type - the Liouville theory with insertions of extra degenerate
fields. We show that these two 4d theories with surface operators exhibit an IR
duality, which reflects the known relation (the so-called separation of
variables) between the conformal blocks of the WZW model and the Liouville
theory. Furthermore, we trace this IR duality to a brane creation construction
relating systems of M5 and M2 branes in M-theory. Finally, we show that this
duality may be expressed as an explicit relation between the generating
functions for the changes of variables between natural sets of Darboux
coordinates on the Hitchin moduli space.Comment: 56 page
Simple and Compact Expressions for Neutrino Oscillation Probabilities in
  Matter

We reformulate perturbation theory for neutrino oscillations in matter with
an expansion parameter related to the ratio of the solar to the atmospheric
$\Delta m^2$ scales. Unlike previous works, we use a renormalized basis in
which certain first-order effects are taken into account in the zeroth-order
Hamiltonian. We show that the new framework has an exceptional feature that
leads to the neutrino oscillation probability in matter with the same structure
as in vacuum to first order in the expansion parameter. It facilitates
immediate physical interpretation of the formulas, and makes the expressions
for the neutrino oscillation probabilities extremely simple and compact. We
find, for example, that the $\nu_e$ disappearance probability at this order is
of a simple two-flavor form with an appropriately identified mixing angle and
$\Delta m^2$. More generally, all the oscillation probabilities can be written
in the universal form with the channel-discrimination coefficient of $0,~\pm1$
or simple functions of $\theta_{23}$. Despite their simple forms they include
all order effects of $\theta_{13}$ and all order effects of the matter
potential, to first order in our expansion parameter.Comment: 34 pages, 3 figure
Multiboson production in W' decays

In models with an extra $\text{SU}(2)_R$ gauge group and an extended scalar
sector, the cascade decays of the $W'$ boson can provide various multiboson
signals. In particular, diboson decays $W' \to WZ$ can be suppressed while $W'
\to WZX$, with $X$ one of the scalars present in the model, can reach branching
ratios around 4%. We discuss these multiboson signals focusing on possible
interpretations of the ATLAS excess in fat jet pair production.Comment: LaTeX 28 pages. v2: added comments about indirect constraints and LHC
  run 2 results. Final version to appear in JHE
The Fluid Manifesto: Emergent symmetries, hydrodynamics, and black holes

We focus on the question of how relativistic fluid dynamics should be thought
of as a Wilsonian effective field theory emerging from Schwinger-Keldysh path
integrals. Taking the basic principles of Schwinger-Keldysh formalism
seriously, we are led to a series of remarkable statements and conjectures,
which we phrase in terms of a broad programme relating relativistic fluid
dynamics and topological sigma models. Apart from the intrinsic interest for
these ideas from the non-equilibrium field theory viewpoint, we also emphasize
its relevance to various fundamental questions in black hole physics.Comment: 31 pages; v2: typos corrected. v3: minor clarifications, published
  versio
The last refuge of mixed wino-Higgsino dark matter

We delineate the allowed parameter and mass range for a wino-like dark matter
particle containing some Higgsino admixture in the MSSM by analysing the
constraints from diffuse gamma-rays from the dwarf spheroidal galaxies,
galactic cosmic rays, direct detection and cosmic microwave background
anisotropies. A complete calculation of the Sommerfeld effect for the
mixed-neutralino case is performed. We find that the combination of direct and
indirect searches poses significant restrictions on the thermally produced
wino-Higgsino dark matter with correct relic density. For $\mu>0$ nearly the
entire parameter space considered is excluded, while for $\mu<0$ a substantial
region is still allowed, provided conservative assumptions on astrophysical
uncertainties are adopted.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure