pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Production of γ-decalactone by Yarrowia lipolytica : insights into experimental conditions and operating mode optimization

BACKGROUND
γ-Decalactone production from ricinoleic acid biotransformation derived from the triglycerides in castor oil by Yarrowia lipolytica, has been widely described in literature in studies concerning lipidic metabolism that leads to lactones production, interactions of cells with the lipid substrate, toxicity of produced metabolites, selection of over-producing mutants and selection of environmental conditions.
RESULTS
In order to improve technological aspects of γ-decalactone production, oxygen transfer rate (OTR), cell density and oil concentration effects were investigated, in batch and step-wise fed-batch cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica W29. The best γ-decalactone concentration of 5.4 ± 0.5 g L-1 was obtained for batch cultures with 60 g L-1 of cells and substrate concentration.
CONCLUSION
The direct influence of aeration and agitation rates, thus of OTR, on production of γ-decalactone has been demonstrated. γ-Decalactone productivity of 215 ± 19 mg L-1 h-1 was obtained with 60 g L-1 of cells and castor oil concentration in batch and step-wise fed-batch cultures of Yarrowia lipolytica. The results obtained suggest that these two strategies are good alternatives for industrial production processes.The authors thank the Project 'BioInd - Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes, REF. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028' co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON. 2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER and Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) (SFRH/BD/63701/2009 PhD grant to Adelaide Braga) for the financial support provided and FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013
Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV proton--lead (p+Pb) collisions and the jet cross-section in s√=2.76 TeV proton--proton collisions are presented. These quantities are measured in datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.8 nb−1 and 4.0 pb−1, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2013. The p+Pb collision centrality was characterised using the total transverse energy measured in the pseudorapidity interval −4.9<η<−3.2 in the direction of the lead beam. Results are presented for the double-differential per-collision yields as a function of jet rapidity and transverse momentum (pT) for minimum-bias and centrality-selected p+Pb collisions, and are compared to the jet rate from the geometric expectation. The total jet yield in minimum-bias events is slightly enhanced above the expectation in a pT-dependent manner but is consistent with the expectation within uncertainties. The ratios of jet spectra from different centrality selections show a strong modification of jet production at all pT at forward rapidities and for large pT at mid-rapidity, which manifests as a suppression of the jet yield in central events and an enhancement in peripheral events. These effects imply that the factorisation between hard and soft processes is violated at an unexpected level in proton--nucleus collisions. Furthermore, the modifications at forward rapidities are found to be a function of the total jet energy only, implying that the violations may have a simple dependence on the hard parton--parton kinematics.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Activity coefficients of individual ions in LaCl$_{3}$ from the II+IW
  theory

We investigate the individual activity coefficients of ions in LaCl$_{3}$
using our theory that is based on the competition of ion-ion (II) and ion-water
(IW) interactions (Vincze et al., J. Chem. Phys. 133, 154507, 2010). The II
term is computed from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations on the basis of
the implicit solvent model of electrolytes using hard sphere ions with Pauling
radii. The IW term is computed on the basis of Born's treatment of solvation
using experimental hydration free energies. This agreement is remarkable
considering the facts that (i) the result is the balance of two terms that are
large in absolute value (up to $20 kT$) but opposite in sign, and (ii) that our
model does not contain any adjustable parameter. All the parameters used in the
model are taken from experiments: concentration dependent dielectric constant,
hydration free energies, Pauling radii.Comment: Molecular Physics 201
The neutrophil NLRC4 inflammasome selectively promotes IL-1β maturation without pyroptosis during acute Salmonella challenge.

The macrophage NLRC4 inflammasome drives potent innate immune responses against Salmonella by eliciting caspase-1-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production (e.g., interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) and pyroptotic cell death. However, the potential contribution of other cell types to inflammasome-mediated host defense against Salmonella was unclear. Here, we demonstrate that neutrophils, typically viewed as cellular targets of IL-1β, themselves activate the NLRC4 inflammasome during acute Salmonella infection and are a major cell compartment for IL-1β production during acute peritoneal challenge in vivo. Importantly, unlike macrophages, neutrophils do not undergo pyroptosis upon NLRC4 inflammasome activation. The resistance of neutrophils to pyroptotic death is unique among inflammasome-signaling cells so far described and allows neutrophils to sustain IL-1β production at a site of infection without compromising the crucial inflammasome-independent antimicrobial effector functions that would be lost if neutrophils rapidly lysed upon caspase-1 activation. Inflammasome pathway modification in neutrophils thus maximizes host proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses during pathogen challenge
Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study

$\textit{Objective}$:
Meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies confirm an increase in circulating inflammatory
markers during acute psychosis. Longitudinal studies are scarce but are needed to understand whether
elevated inflammatory markers are a cause or consequence of illness. We report a longitudinal study
of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescence and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and related psy-
choses in adulthood in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986.

$\textit{Method}$: Serum high-sensitivity CRP was measured at age 15/16 years in 6362 participants. ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychoses were obtained from centralised hospital inpatient and outpatient registers up to age 27 years. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (ORs) for psychotic outcomes associated with baseline CRP levels analysed as both continuous and categorical variables using American Heart Association criteria. Age, sex, body mass index, maternal education, smoking, and alcohol use were included as potential confounders.

$\textit{Results}$: By age 27 years, 88 cases of non-affective psychosis (1.38%), of which 22 were schizophrenia (0.35%), were identified. Adolescent CRP was associated with subsequent schizophrenia. The adjusted OR for schizophrenia by age 27 years for each standard deviation (SD) increase in CRP levels at age 15/16 years was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07–1.46), which was consistent with a linear, dose-response relationship (P-value for quadratic term 0.23). Using CRP as a categorical variable, those with high (>3 mg/L) compared with low (<1 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline were more likely to develop schizophrenia; adjusted OR 4.25 (95% CI, 1.30–13.93). There was some indication that higher CRP was associated with earlier onset of schizophrenia (r$_{s}$ = −0.40; $\textit{P}$ = 0.07).

$\textit{Conclusions}$: A longitudinal association between adolescent CRP levels and adult schizophrenia diagnosis indicates a potentially important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the illness, although the findings, based on a small number of cases, need to be interpreted with caution and require replication in other samples.Dr. Khandaker is supported by an Intermediate Clinical Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (201486/Z/16/Z) and a Clinical Lecturer Starter Grant from the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK (grant no. 80354). Prof. Jones acknowledges grant support from the Wellcome Trust (095844/Z/11/Z & 088869/Z/09/Z) and NIHR (RP-PG-0606-1335). Prof. Veijola was supported by the Academy of Finland (grants no. 124257, 212828, 214273). Prof. Mäki has been supported by the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Finland. Prof. Miettunen was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 268336). Dr. Stochl was funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/K006665/1) and the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research & Care (CLAHRC) East of England.This is the final version of the article from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.09.00
Measurement of the electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z-boson and distributions sensitive to vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements of fiducial cross sections for the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z-boson are presented. The measurements are performed using 20.3 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The electroweak component is extracted by a fit to the dijet invariant mass distribution in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution over the dominant background in which the jets are produced via the strong interaction. The electroweak cross sections measured in two fiducial regions are in good agreement with the Standard Model expectations and the background-only hypothesis is rejected with significance above the 5σ level. The electroweak process includes the vector boson fusion production of a Z-boson and the data are used to place limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings. In addition, measurements of cross sections and differential distributions for inclusive Z-boson-plus-dijet production are performed in five fiducial regions, each with different sensitivity to the electroweak contribution. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to predictions from the Sherpa and Powheg event generators.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Search for contact interactions in dilepton events from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a search for contact interactions in the dielectron and dimuon channels using data from proton–proton collisions produced by the LHC at √s = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The data sample, collected in 2011, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.08 and 1.21 fb[superscript −1] in the e[superscript +]e[superscript −] and μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] channels, respectively. No significant deviations from the standard model are observed. Using a Bayesian approach with a prior flat in [1 over Λ[superscript 2]], the following 95% CL lower limits are placed on the energy scale of ℓℓqq contact interactions: Λ[superscript −]>10.1 TeV(Λ[superscript +]>9.4 TeV) in the electron channel and Λ[superscript −]>8.0 TeV (Λ[superscript +]>7.0 TeV) in the muon channel for constructive (destructive) interference in the left–left isoscalar contact interaction model. Limits are also provided for a prior flat in [1 over Λ[superscript 4]].European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Ownership mode, cultural distance, and the extent of parent firms strategic control over subsidiaries in the PRC

Previous studies often associated a specific type of ownership mode\ud
with the extent of control a parent firm may have over (strategic) decision-making\ud
in a foreign subsidiary, suggesting that parent firms should have higher control\ud
over wholly-owned subsidiaries (WoS) than international joint ventures (IJVs).\ud
Building on principal agent theory, we argue that in the Chinese context higher\ud
ownership levels do not necessarily have a positive effect on the extent of control\ud
over the foreign subsidiary. We further argue that cultural distance between the\ud
parent firm and the subsidiary moderates this relationship. We test our hypotheses\ud
using data from a sample of 156 foreign subsidiaries in the People's Republic of\ud
China (PRC) and find strong support for our arguments. Our findings show that in\ud
WoS parent firms reduce their extent of control, while in IJVs parent firms\ud
increase their extent of control. Moreover, we find that extent of control over\ud
WoS (IJVs) declines (increases) when cultural distance increases. Our results have\ud
significant theoretical implications for international business (IB) research as they\ud
challenge existing views with regard to the relationship between ownership mode\ud
and control as well as the moderating effect of cultural distance. (authors' abstract
Validation of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) chamber for trials in allergy: Innovation of a mobile allergen exposure chamber

BACKGROUND: Field clinical trials of pollen allergy are affected by the impossibility of predicting and determining individual allergen exposure because of many factors (eg, pollen season, atmospheric variations, pollutants, and lifestyles). Environmental exposure chambers, delivering a fixed amount of allergen in a controlled environmental setting, can overcome these limitations. Environmental exposure chambers are currently already used in phase 2, 3, and even 4 trials. Unfortunately, few chambers exist in the world, and this makes it difficult to perform large, multicenter clinical trials. The new Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) mobile exposure chamber is a step forward because the mobility of the chamber makes it convenient for patients to participate in clinical testing.\ud
OBJECTIVE: This study was made to validate the reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of the results obtained in the new GA(2)LEN chamber.\ud
METHODS: Seventy-two adult patients (19-61 years old) with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma caused by grass pollen were included in different clinical validation tests. Total symptom scores and total nasal symptom scores were recorded at time zero (0) and every 10 minutes during exposures, along with nasal and respiratory parameters.\ud
RESULTS: Exposure tests confirmed the reproducibility between subsequent runs and the sensitivity (P < .00001 vs patients exposed to placebo) and specificity (very low score in nonallergic subjects) in the GA(2)LEN chamber. No adverse reactions were recorded during the tests.\ud
CONCLUSIONS: The mobility of the GA(2)LEN chamber provides a new, potentially effective, and safe way of generating reliable data in allergy multicenter clinical trials
Correlations between jets and charged particles in PbPb andppcollisionsat $\sqrt{^{s}NN}$ = 2.76TeV

CThe quark-gluon plasma is studied via medium-induced changes to correlations between jets and charged particles in PbPb collisions compared to pp reference data. This analysis uses data sets from PbPb and pp collisions with integrated luminosi- ties of 166 μb$^{−1}$ and 5.3 pb$^{−1}$, respectively, collected at $\sqrt{^{s}NN}$ = 2.76 TeV. The angular distributions of charged particles are studied as a function of relative pseudorapidity (∆η) and relative azimuthal angle (∆φ) with respect to reconstructed jet directions. Charged particles are correlated with all jets with transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) above 120 GeV, and with the leading and subleading jets (the highest and second-highest in $p_{T}$, respectively) in a selection of back-to-back dijet events. Modifications in PbPb data relative to pp reference data are characterized as a function of PbPb collision centrality and charged particle $p_{T}$. A centrality-dependent excess of low-$p_{T}$ particles is present for all jets studied, and is most pronounced in the most central events. This excess of low-$p_{T}$ particles follows a Gaussian-like distribution around the jet axis, and extends to large relative angles of ∆η ≈ 1 and ∆φ ≈ 1
Protection of cells from salinity stress by extracellular\ud
polymeric substances in diatom biofilms

Diatom biofilms are abundant in the marine environment. It is assumed (but untested) that extracellular polymeric substances(EPS), produced by diatoms, enable cells to cope with fluctuating salinity. To determine the protective role of EPS, <i>Cylindrotheca closterium</i> was grown in xanthan gum at salinities of 35, 50, 70 and 90 ppt. A xanthan matrix significantly increased cell viability (determined by SYTOX-Green), growth rate and population density by up to 300, 2, 300 and 200%, respectively. Diatoms grown in 0.75% w/v xanthan, subjected to acute salinity shock treatments (at salinities 17.5, 50, 70 and 90 ppt) maintained photosynthetic capacity, <i>F<sub>q′</sub>/F<sub>m′</sub></i>, within 4% of pre-shock values, whereas <i>F<sub>q′</sub>/F<sub>m′</sub></i> in cells grown without xanthan declined by up to 64% with hypersaline shock. Biofilms that developed in xanthan at standard salinity helped cells to maintain function during salinity shock. These results provide evidence of the benefits of living in an EPS matrix for biofilm diatoms
Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to Υ(1S)π+π− in pp collisions at √s=8TeV

The results of a search for the bottomonium counterpart, denoted as Xb, of the exotic charmonium state X(3872) is presented. The analysis is based on a sample of pp collisions at View the MathML source collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb−1. The search looks for the exclusive decay channel Xb→ϒ(1S)π+π− followed by ϒ(1S)→μ+μ−. No evidence for an Xb signal is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the inclusive production cross sections times the branching fractions to ϒ(1S)π+π− of the Xb and the ϒ(2S). The upper limits on the ratio are in the range 0.9–5.4% for Xb masses between 10 and 11 GeV. These are the first upper limits on the production of a possible Xb at a hadron collider
Impact of climate indicators on continental-scale potential groundwater recharge in Africa

In the last decades, human activity has been contributing to climate change that is closely associated with an increase in\ud
temperatures, increase in evaporation, intensi ﬁ cation of extreme dry and wet rainfall events, and widespread melting of snow and\ud
ice. Understanding the intricate linkage between climate warming and the hydrological cycle is crucial for sustainable\ud
management of groundwater resources, especially in a vulnerable continent like Africa. This study investigates the relationship\ud
between climate-change drivers and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) patterns across Africa for a long-term record\ud
(1960 – 2010). Water-balance components were simulated by using the PCR-GLOBWB model and were reproduced in both\ud
gridded maps and latitudinal trends that vary in space with minima on the Tropics and maxima around the Equator. Statistical\ud
correlations between temperature, storm occurrences, drought, and PGR were examined in six climatic regions of Africa.\ud
Surprisingly, different effects of climate-change controls on PGR were detected as a function of latitude in the last three decades\ud
(1980 – 2010). Temporal trends observed in the Northern Hemisphere of Africa reveal that the increase in temperature is\ud
signi ﬁ cantly correlated to the decline of PGR, especially in the Northern Equatorial Africa. The climate indicators considered in\ud
this study were unable to explain the alarming negative trend of PGR observed in the Sahelian region, even though the\ud
Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values report a 15% drought stress. On the other hand, increases in\ud
temperature have not been detected in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa, where increasing frequency of storm occurrences\ud
determine a rise of PGR, particularly in southern Africa. Time analysis highlights a strong seasonality effect, while PGR is\ud
in-phase with rainfall patterns in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) and winter (Southern Hemisphere) and out-of-phase during\ud
the fall season. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of the processes in ﬂ uencing groundwater resources in six climatic\ud
zones of Africa, even though modelling results need to be validated more extensively with direct measurements in future studies
Two-phase flow in inclined tubes with specific reference to condensation : a review

Tilting influences the flow patterns and thus the heat transfer and pressure drop during condensation in smooth tubes. However, few studies are available on diabatic two-phase flows in inclined tubes. The purpose of the present paper is to review two-phase flow in inclined tubes, with specific reference to condensation. Firstly, the paper reviews convective condensation in horizontal tubes. Secondly, an overview is given on two-phase flow in inclined tubes. Thirdly, a review is conducted on condensation in inclined tubes. It is shown for convective condensation in inclined tubes that the inclination angle influences the heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficient can be increased or decreased depending on the experimental conditions, and especially the flow pattern. Under some conditions, an inclination angle may exist, which leads to an optimum heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, this paper highlights the lack of experimental studies for the prediction of the trends of the inclination angle in two-phase flows during phase change.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ijmulflowhb2016Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin
Role of glueballs in non-perturbative quark–gluon plasma

AbstractDiscussed is how non-perturbative properties of quark gluon plasma, recently discovered in RHIC experiment, can be related to the change of properties of scalar and pseudoscalar glueballs. We set up a model with the Cornwall–Soni's glueball–gluon interaction, which shows that the pseudoscalar glueball becomes massless above the critical temperature of deconfinement phase transition. This change of properties gives rise to the change of sign of the gluon condensate at T>Tc. We discuss the other physical consequences resulting from the drastic change of the pseudoscalar glueball mass above the critical temperature