pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effect of UV radiation on the spectral fingerprints of Earth-like planets orbiting M stars

The authors acknowledge support from DFG funding ENP KA 3142/1-1 and the Simons Foundation (290357, Kaltenegger).We model the atmospheres and spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting the entire grid of M dwarfs for active and inactive stellar models with Teff = 2300 K to Teff = 3800 K and for six observed MUSCLES M dwarfs with UV radiation data. We set the Earth-like planets at the 1 AU equivalent distance and show spectra from the visible to IR (0.4-20 μm) to compare detectability of features in different wavelength ranges with the James Webb Space Telescope and other future ground- and spaced-based missions to characterize exo-Earths. We focus on the effect of UV activity levels on detectable atmospheric features that indicate habitability on Earth, namely, H2O, O3, CH4, N2O, and CH3Cl. To observe signatures of life - O2/O3 in combination with reducing species like CH4 - we find that early and active M dwarfs are the best targets of the M star grid for future telescopes. The O2 spectral feature at 0.76 μm is increasingly difficult to detect in reflected light of later M dwarfs owing to low stellar flux in that wavelength region. N2O, another biosignature detectable in the IR, builds up to observable concentrations in our planetary models around M dwarfs with low UV flux. CH3Cl could become detectable, depending on the depth of the overlapping N2O feature. We present a spectral database of Earth-like planets around cool stars for directly imaged planets as a framework for interpreting future light curves, direct imaging, and secondary eclipse measurements of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone to design and assess future telescope capabilities.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for the $C\!P$-violating strong decays $\eta \to \pi^+\pi^-$ and
  $\eta^\prime(958) \to \pi^+\pi^-$

A search for the $C\!P$-violating strong decays $\eta \to \pi^+\pi^-$ and
$\eta^\prime(958) \to \pi^+\pi^-$ has been performed using approximately $2.5
\times 10^{7}$ events of each of the decays $D^+ \to \pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$ and
$D_s^+ \to \pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$, recorded by the LHCb experiment. The data set
corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data
recorded during LHC Run 1 and 0.3 fb$^{-1}$ recorded in Run 2. No evidence is
seen for $D^+_{(s)} \to \pi^+ \eta^{(\prime)}$ with $\eta^{(\prime)} \to
\pi^+\pi^-$, and upper limits at 90% confidence level are set on the branching
fractions, $\mathcal{B}(\eta \to \pi^+\pi^-) < 1.6 \times 10^{-5}$ and
$\mathcal{B}(\eta^\prime \to \pi^+\pi^-) < 1.8 \times 10^{-5}$. The limit for
the $\eta$ decay is comparable with the existing one, while that for the
$\eta^\prime$ is a factor of three smaller than the previous limit.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-046.htm
Lipschitz and H\"older stability of optimization problems and
  generalized equations

This paper studies stability aspects of solutions of parametric mathematical
programs and generalized equations, respectively, with disjunctive constraints.
We present sufficient conditions that, under some constraint qualifications
ensuring metric subregularity of the constraint mapping, continuity results of
upper Lipschitz and upper H\"older type, respectively, hold. Furthermore, we
apply the above results to parametric mathematical programs with equilibrium
constraints and demonstrate, how some classical results for the nonlinear
programming problem can be recovered and even improved by our theory
Measurement of the cross section for inclusive isolated-photon
  production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt s=13$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

Inclusive isolated-photon production in $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass
energy of 13 TeV is studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a data set
with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$. The cross section is measured
as a function of the photon transverse energy above 125 GeV in different
regions of photon pseudorapidity. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD and
Monte Carlo event-generator predictions are compared to the cross-section
measurements and provide an adequate description of the data.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 3 figures, 2 tables,
  final version published in PLB, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2016-08
Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals

© 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY. Background Long working hours might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but prospective evidence is scarce, imprecise, and mostly limited to coronary heart disease. We aimed to assess long working hours as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease and stroke. Methods We identified published studies through a systematic review of PubMed and Embase from inception to Aug 20, 2014. We obtained unpublished data for 20 cohort studies from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium and open-access data archives. We used cumulative random-effects meta-analysis to combine effect estimates from published and unpublished data. Findings We included 25 studies from 24 cohorts in Europe, the USA, and Australia. The meta-analysis of coronary heart disease comprised data for 603 838 men and women who were free from coronary heart disease at baseline; the meta-analysis of stroke comprised data for 528 908 men and women who were free from stroke at baseline. Follow-up for coronary heart disease was 5·1 million person-years (mean 8·5 years), in which 4768 events were recorded, and for stroke was 3·8 million person-years (mean 7·2 years), in which 1722 events were recorded. In cumulative meta-analysis adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status, compared with standard hours (35-40 h per week), working long hours (≥55 h per week) was associated with an increase in risk of incident coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR] 1·13, 95% CI 1·02-1·26; p=0·02) and incident stroke (1·33, 1·11-1·61; p=0·002). The excess risk of stroke remained unchanged in analyses that addressed reverse causation, multivariable adjustments for other risk factors, and different methods of stroke ascertainment (range of RR estimates 1·30-1·42). We recorded a dose-response association for stroke, with RR estimates of 1·10 (95% CI 0·94-1·28; p=0·24) for 41-48 working hours, 1·27 (1·03-1·56; p=0·03) for 49-54 working hours, and 1·33 (1·11-1·61; p=0·002) for 55 working hours or more per week compared with standard working hours (ptrend<0·0001). Interpretation Employees who work long hours have a higher risk of stroke than those working standard hours; the association with coronary heart disease is weaker. These findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the management of vascular risk factors in individuals who work long hours. Funding Medical Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, European Union New and Emerging Risks in Occupational Safety and Health research programme, Finnish Work Environment Fund, Swedish Research Council for Working Life and Social Research, German Social Accident Insurance, Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Academy of Finland, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (Netherlands), US National Institutes of Health, British Heart Foundation
Aganirsen Antisense Oligonucleotide Eye Drops Inhibit Keratitis-Induced Corneal Neovascularization and Reduce Need for Transplantation: The I-CAN Study.

OBJECTIVE: Eye drops of aganirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 expression, inhibited corneal neovascularization in a previous dose-finding phase II study. We aimed to confirm these results in a phase III study and investigated a potential clinical benefit on visual acuity (VA), quality of life (QoL), and need for transplantation.
DESIGN: Multicenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study.
PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of 69 patients with keratitis-related progressive corneal neovascularization randomized to aganirsen (34 patients) or placebo (35 patients). Patients applied aganirsen eye drops (86 μg/day/eye) or placebo twice daily for 90 days and were followed up to day 180.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was VA. Secondary end points included area of pathologic corneal neovascularization, need for transplantation, risk of graft rejection, and QoL.
RESULTS: Although no significant differences in VA scores between groups were observed, aganirsen significantly reduced the relative corneal neovascularization area after 90 days by 26.20% (P = 0.014). This improvement persisted after 180 days (26.67%, P = 0.012). Aganirsen tended to lower the transplantation need in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population at day 180 (P = 0.087). In patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization, a significant reduction in transplantation need was achieved (P = 0.048). No significant differences between groups were observed in the risk of graft rejection. However, aganirsen tended to decrease this risk in patients with traumatic/viral keratitis (P = 0.162) at day 90. The QoL analyses revealed a significant improvement with aganirsen in composite and near activity subscores (P = 0.039 and 0.026, respectively) at day 90 in the per protocol population. Ocular and treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in a lower percentage with aganirsen compared with placebo. Only 3 serious TEAEs (2 with aganirsen and 1 with placebo) were considered treatment-related.
CONCLUSIONS: This first phase III study on a topical inhibitor of corneal angiogenesis showed that aganirsen eye drops significantly inhibited corneal neovascularization in patients with keratitis. The need for transplantation was significantly reduced in patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization. Topical application of aganirsen was safe and well tolerated
From phase drift to synchronisation - pedestrian stepping behaviour on laterally oscillating structures and consequences for dynamic stability

The subject of this paper pertains to the contentious issue of synchronisation of walking pedestrians to lateral structural motion, which is the mechanism most commonly purported to cause lateral dynamic instability. Tests have been conducted on a custom-built experimental setup consisting of an instrumented treadmill laterally driven by a hydraulic shaking table. The experimental setup can accommodate adaptive pedestrian behaviour via a bespoke speed feedback control mechanism that allows automatic adjustment of the treadmill belt speed to that of the walker. 15 people participated in a total of 137 walking tests during which the treadmill underwent lateral sinusoidal motion. The amplitude of this motion was set from 5 to 15 mm and the frequency was set from 0.54 to 1.1 Hz. A variety of stepping behaviours are identified in the kinematic data obtained using a motion capture system. The most common behaviour is for the timing of footsteps to be essentially unaffected by the structural motion, but a few instances of synchronisation are found. A plausible mechanism comprising an intermediate state between unsynchronised and synchronised pedestrian and structural motion is observed. This mechanism, characterised by a weak form of modulation of the timing of footsteps, could possibly explain the under-estimation of negative damping coefficients in models and laboratory trials compared with previously reported site measurements. The results from tests conducted on the setup for which synchronisation is identified are evaluated in the context of structural stability and related to the predictions of the inverted pendulum model, providing insight into fundamental relations governing pedestrian behaviour on laterally oscillating structures.Mateusz Bocian was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via the University of Bristol Doctoral Training Account (EP/P50483X) for a part of the work presented in this study. The Wellcome Trust is acknowledged for funding for the experimental setup, through an infrastructure development grant to the Bristol Vision InstitutePeer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton

A measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb[superscript −1]. Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σ[subscript t [bar over t]] = 186±13 (stat.) ±20 (syst.) ± 7 (lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
The Development of Selective Inhibitors of NagZ: Increased Susceptibility of Gram-Negative Bacteria to β-Lactams

The increasing incidence of inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamases within the clinic is a growing concern because these enzymes deactivate a broad range of even the most recently developed β-lactam antibiotics. As a result, new strategies are needed to block the action of this antibiotic resistance enzyme. Presented here is a strategy to combat the action of inducible AmpC by inhibiting the β-glucosaminidase NagZ, which is an enzyme involved in regulating the induction of AmpC expression. A divergent route facilitating the rapid synthesis of a series of N-acyl analogues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxynojirimycin is reported here. Among these compounds are potent NagZ inhibitors that are selective against functionally related human enzymes. These compounds reduce minimum inhibitory concentration values for β-lactams against a clinically relevant Gram-negative bacterium bearing inducible chromosomal AmpC β-lactamase, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of a NagZ–inhibitor complex provides insight into the molecular basis for inhibition by these compounds.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Fellowship
Massless renormalization group flow in SU(N)k perturbed conformal field theory

AbstractWe investigate the infrared properties of SU(N)k conformal field theory perturbed by its adjoint primary field in 1+1 dimensions. The latter field theory is shown to govern the low-energy properties of various SU(N) spin chain problems. In particular, using a mapping onto k-leg SU(N) spin ladder, a massless renormalization group flow to SU(N)1 criticality is predicted when N and k have no common divisor. The latter result extends the well-known massless flow between SU(2)k and SU(2)1 Wess–Zumino–Novikov–Witten theories when k is odd in connection to the Haldane's conjecture on SU(2) Heisenberg spin chains. A direct approach is presented in the simplest N=3 and k=2 case to investigate the existence of this massless flow
Time-consistent estimation of end-effectors from RGB-D data

End-effectors  are  usually  related  to  the  location  of  the  free  end  of a kinematic chain. Each of them contains rich structure information about the entity. Hence, estimating stable end-effectors of different entities enables robust tracking as well as a generic representation. In this paper, we present a system for end-effector estimation from RGB-D stream data. Instead of relying on a specific\ud
pose or configuration for initialization, we exploit time coherence without making any assumption with respect to the prior knowledge. This makes the estimation process more robust in a predict-update framework. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed against the reference method with promising results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Quantum dynamics of massive particles in a non-commutative two-sheeted space–time

AbstractWe study a formal extension of the Dirac equation in the framework of a non-commutative two-sheeted space–time. It is shown that this approach naturally extends the classical Dirac theory by doubling the number of fermionic states, which can then be identified as matter and hidden-matter states. Our model exhibit several interesting features that could have observational consequences. Among them, we predict a small electromagnetic coupling between matter and hidden matter universes which should lead to matter/hidden matter oscillations in presence of intense electromagnetic vector potentials
Gender Discrimination on the Romanian Labor Market – Myth or Reality?

AbstractThe constant fight against discrimination of any nature constitutes one of the most important objectives of the European Union. Special directives have been adopted with regard to this aspect, comprising measures for fighting discrimination generally and especially discrimination related to the labour market (Directives 76/207/CEE or 86/613/CEE). This article focuses on gender discrimination on the Romanian labour market from an economic perspective. We shall present the characteristics and particularities of the Romanian labour market, from the point of view of gender structure, between 1990 and 2011: population occupation rate, unemployment rate, income level, period of activity, retirement level and retirement receiving period. The analysis of gender discrimination on the Romanian labour market will take into account the differences between the two types of population considered, differences which are due to certain physiological and psychological characteristics. These characteristics may determine biases towards certain types of economic activities for which the income level, work schedule and work condition might differ
Above threshold s-wave resonances illustrated by the 1/2+ states in 9Be and 9B

AbstractWe solve the persistent problem of the structure of the lowest 1/2+ resonance in 9Be which is important to bridge the A=8 gap in nucleosynthesis in stars. We show that the state is a genuine three-body resonance even though it decays entirely into neutron–8Be relative s-waves. The necessary barrier is created by “dynamical” evolution of the wave function as the short-distance α-5He structure is changed into the large-distance n-8Be structure. This decay mechanism leads to a width about two times smaller than table values. The previous interpretations as a virtual state or a two-body resonance are incorrect. The isobaric analog 1/2+ state in 9B is found to have energy and width in the vicinity of 2.0 MeV and 1.5 MeV, respectively. We also predict another 1/2+ resonance in 9B with similar energy and width
The Role of Recent Admixture in Forming the Contemporary West Eurasian Genomic Landscape

SummaryOver the past few years, studies of DNA isolated from human fossils and archaeological remains have generated considerable novel insight into the history of our species. Several landmark papers have described the genomes of ancient humans across West Eurasia, demonstrating the presence of large-scale, dynamic population movements over the last 10,000 years, such that ancestry across present-day populations is likely to be a mixture of several ancient groups [1–7]. While these efforts are bringing the details of West Eurasian prehistory into increasing focus, studies aimed at understanding the processes behind the generation of the current West Eurasian genetic landscape have been limited by the number of populations sampled or have been either too regional or global in their outlook [8–11]. Here, using recently described haplotype-based techniques [11], we present the results of a systematic survey of recent admixture history across Western Eurasia and show that admixture is a universal property across almost all groups. Admixture in all regions except North Western Europe involved the influx of genetic material from outside of West Eurasia, which we date to specific time periods. Within Northern, Western, and Central Europe, admixture tended to occur between local groups during the period 300 to 1200 CE. Comparisons of the genetic profiles of West Eurasians before and after admixture show that population movements within the last 1,500 years are likely to have maintained differentiation among groups. Our analysis provides a timeline of the gene flow events that have generated the contemporary genetic landscape of West Eurasia
About fermion hierarchies from doubly warped extra dimensions

AbstractWe consider fermions propagating in the bulk of the geometry found by deforming AdS5 via the back reaction of a scalar field upon the metric. This space is AdS for r asymptotically large (in the UV) but goes through a transition at a point r=r⁎, into another AdS space with different curvature in the IR. Masses are generated for these fermions via electroweak symmetry breaking, by coupling them to a VEV on the IR boundary. We calculate the mass spectrum in four dimensions, comparing approximate results and results found by solving the full system of bulk equations and boundary conditions. We consider the effect on the mass of the light modes of various parameters, including the curvature of the space in the region r<r⁎. This information is then used to reproduce the mass hierarchy between the top and bottom. By assuming universality of the gauge coupling, we find bounds on the allowed bulk masses of the right-handed fermion fields. We look for solutions that satisfy these bounds in a number of different scenarios and find that, for given choices of the other parameters in this model, the IR curvature has a significant influence on whether these bounds can be satisfied or not
Spectroscopy of 74Ge: From soft to rigid triaxiality

AbstractThe first heavy ion fusion–evaporation reaction study for 74Ge has been performed through the reaction channel Zn70(Li7,2np)Ge74 at beam energies of 30 and 35 MeV. Previously known yrast band is extended to higher spins and five new collective bands are established. Based on comparison with the neighboring 72,76Ge isotopes, an intermediate pattern of energy staggering S(I) is observed in the γ band of 74Ge. The collective structure of 74Ge, including the excitation energies and transition probabilities of ground-state band and γ band, is reproduced by the state-of-the-art five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian (5DCH) model constructed from the covariant density functional. By including the 72,76,78Ge isotopes, systematical investigation of the structure evolution in Ge isotopes is performed. Based on the systematic comparisons and analysis, the triaxial evolution with spin in 74Ge is revealed and 74Ge is found to be the crucial nucleus marking the triaxial evolution from soft to rigid in Ge isotopes