pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon+jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV

Results from the first study of isolated-photon + jet correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions are reported. The analysis uses data from PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 inverse microbarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. For events containing an isolated photon with transverse momentum pt(gamma) > 60 GeV and an associated jet with pt(Jet) > 30 GeV, the photon + jet pt imbalance is studied as a function of collision centrality and compared to pp data and PYTHIA calculations at the same collision energy. Using the pt(gamma) of the isolated photon as an estimate of the momentum of the associated parton at production, this measurement allows an unbiased characterisation of the in-medium parton energy loss. For more central PbPb collisions, a significant decrease in the ratio pt(Jet)/pt(gamma) relative to that in the PYTHIA reference is observed. Furthermore, significantly more pt(gamma) > 60 GeV photons in PbPb are observed not to have an associated pt(Jet) > 30 GeV jet, compared to the reference. However, no significant broadening of the photon + jet azimuthal correlation is observed
How useful is the theoretical and empirical growth literature for policies in the developing countries?

This paper, a revised version of an earlier paper, examines a recent view of Pritchett (2006) that there is a wide gap between the theoretical and empirical growth literature and the policy needs of the developing countries. Growth literature has focussed on the long term growth outcomes but policy makers of the developing countries need rapid improvements in the growth rate in the short to medium terms. We think that this gap can be reduced if attention is given to the dynamic effects of policies.  With data on Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand we show that an extended version of the Solow (1956) model is well suited for this purpose. We found that the short to medium term growth effects of investment ratio are much higher than its long run effects and persist. Dynamic simulations for Singapore showed that these short and medium run growth effects are significantly higher than the steady state growth rate for up to 10 years.
Discrete choices and the trade-off between money and time: A test of the theory of reference-dependent preferences

We formulate a model of reference-dependent preferences based on the marginal rate of substitution at the reference-point of a reference-free utility function. Using binary choices on the trade-off between money and travel time, reference-dependence is captured by value functions that are centered at the reference. The model predicts a directly testable relationship among four commonly used valuation measures (willingness to pay (WTP), willingness to accept (WTA), equivalent gain (EG) and equivalent loss (EL)). Moreover, we show that the model allows recovering the underlying ‘reference-free’ value of time. This provides a potential solution to the issue of which measure to use for public policy evaluation. Based on a large survey data set, we estimate an econometric version of the model, allowing for both observed and unobserved heterogeneity. In a series of tests of high statistical power, we find that the relationship among the four valuation measures conforms to our model and that the constraints on the parameters implied by the model are met. The gap between WTP and WTA is found to be a factor of four. Loss aversion plays an important role in explaining responses; moreover, participants are more loss averse in the time dimension than the cost dimension. We further find evidence of asymmetrically diminishing sensitivity. Finally, we show that the fraction of ´mistakes`, in the sense that participants are observed to sometimes select dominated options, varies systematically in a way consistent with the model of reference-dependence.
Road pricing as a citizen-candidate game

We construct a political economy model to analyze the political acceptability of road pricing policies.
We use a citizen-candidate framework with a population composed by three groups differing for their
income level. We show that road pricing policies are never applied when there is no redistribution of the
resources in favour of other modes of transport or when the congestion of these types of transport is
relatively high. The results suggest that the efficiency of the redistribution of resources from road to the
alternative types of transport as well as the fraction of the population that uses the road transport are key
factors in explaining the adoption of road pricing schemes.
A cross-country analysis of electricity market reforms: Potential contribution of New Institutional Economics

The paper explores whether the question of why some countries are able to implement more extensive reforms is closely related to the question of why some countries have better institutions than others. We analyze this question by using an empirical econometric model based on Poisson regression with cross-section data covering 51 states in the US, 13 provinces in Canada and 51 other countries. In the course of the study, we check the validity of three important arguments of New Institutional Economics (NIE) for the power market liberalization process. The first argument is the "path-dependency". To test its impact on the reform progress, we try to explain whether the background of the chairperson of the regulatory agency when reforms started or that of the governor/minister responsible for energy policy at that time has an impact on the subsequent reform progress. The second argument is the impact of "democracy" as an institution on the reform progress. We look at the effect of two important indicators of democracy (i.e., civil liberties and political rights) on the reform progress. The final argument of NIE is about transaction costs. We concentrate on the level of corruption in a country as one of the key factors that determine transaction costs and try to explore its impact on the reforms. The results show that the backgrounds of the chairperson and the minister/governor, the level of democracy and corruption in a country are significantly correlated with how far reforms have gone in that country. The negative relationship between reform progress and civil liberties may indicate that reforms may be limited in democratic countries with strong civil society institutions such as trade unions or other organized structures in the society that may consider reforms as 'harmful' to their self-interest.
Primary electron transfer kinetics in bacterial reaction centers with modified bacteriochlorophylls at the monomeric sites BA,B

The primary electron transfer has been investigated
by femtosecond time-resolved absorption spectroscopy
in two chemically modified reaction centers (RC) of
Rhodobacter sphaeroides, in which the monomeric bacteriochlorophylls
BA and BB have both been exchanged by 132-
hydroxybacteriochlorophyll a or [3-vinylJ-132-hydroxybacteriochlorophyll
a. The kinetics of the primary electron transfer
are not influenced by the 132-hydroxy modification. In RCs
containing [3-vinyl]-132-hydroxybacteriochlorophyll a the primary
rate is reduced by a factor of 10.
Micro-LED pumped polymer laser: A discussion of future pump sources for organic lasers

Optical pumping conditions for organic solid-state lasers (OSLs) are discussed with particular emphasis on the use of gallium nitride based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as pump sources. LEDs operate in a regime where the pump should be optimized for a short rise time and high peak intensity, whereas fall time and overall pulse duration are less important. Lasers pumped with this approach need to have very low thresholds which can now be routinely created using (one-dimensional) distributed feedback lasers. In this particular case stripe-shaped excitation with linearly polarized light is beneficial. Arrays of micron-sized flip-chip LEDs have been arranged in an appropriate stripe shape and the array dimensions were chosen such that the divergence of LED emission does not cause a loss in peak intensity. These micro-LED arrays have successfully been used to pump OSLs with thresholds near 300 W/cm(2) (approximate to 9ns rise time, 35ns pulse duration), paving the way for compact arrays of indirectly electrically pumped OSLs.Full Tex
Planck 2013 results. XXXII. The updated Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources

We update the all-sky Planck catalogue of 1227 clusters and cluster candidates (PSZ1) published in March 2013, derived from detections of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect using the first 15.5 months of Planck satellite observations. As an addendum, we deliver an updated version of the PSZ1 catalogue, reporting the further confirmation of 86 Planck-discovered clusters. In total, the PSZ1 now contains 947 confirmed clusters, of which 214 were confirmed as newly discovered clusters through follow-up observations undertaken by the Planck Collaboration. The updated PSZ1 contains redshifts for 913 systems, of which 736 (~ 80.6%) are spectroscopic, and associated mass estimates derived from the Yz mass proxy. We also provide a new SZ quality flag for the remaining 280 candidates. This flag was derived from a novel artificial neural-network classification of the SZ signal. Based on this assessment, the purity of the updated PSZ1 catalogue is estimated to be 94%. In this release, we provide the full updated catalogue and an additional readme file with further information on the Planck SZ detections. © ESO, 2015
Time domain polarization analysis of Schumann resonance waveforms

Schumann resonance waveforms in the lower ELF band are produced by distant lightning \ud
discharges. The multiplicity of world-wide thunderstorm centres provides a background spectrum which is \ud
generally incoherent. Superimposed on this background are larger amplitude events from individual \ud
thunderstorm centres. Source direction finding requires the determination of the polarization properties of \ud
these complex and superimposed waveforms. A time domain polarization analysis technique is described \ud
and applied to a variety of examples of Schumann resonance waveforms. The background waveforms \ud
display the anticipated level of incoherent polarization properties. It is demonstrated that the technique can \ud
isolate individual waveforms that are linearly polarized and which represent the arrival of short path signals \ud
from single source locations
A dynamically-packed planetary system around GJ 667C with three super-Earths in its habitable zone

Guillen Anglada-Escude, et al, 'A dynamically-packed planetary system around GJ 667J with three super-Earths in its habitable zone', A&A, Vol. 556, A126, first published online 7 August 2013. The version of record is available at doi: http://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321331. ?? ESO 2013. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics. Published by EDP SciencesContext. Since low-mass stars have low luminosities, orbits at which liquid water can exist on Earth-sized planets are relatively close-in, which produces Doppler signals that are detectable using state-of-the-art Doppler spectroscopy. Aims. GJ 667C is already known to be orbited by two super-Earth candidates. We have recently applied developed data analysis methods to investigate whether the data supports the presence of additional companions. Methods. We obtain new Doppler measurements from HARPS extracted spectra and combined them with those obtained from the PFS and HIRES spectrographs. We used Bayesian and periodogram-based methods to re-assess the number of candidates and evaluated the confidence of each detection. Among other tests, we validated the planet candidates by analyzing correlations of each Doppler signal with measurements of several activity indices and investigated the possible quasi-periodic nature of signals. Results. Doppler measurements of GJ 667C are described better by six (even seven) Keplerian-like signals: the two known candidates (b and c); three additional few-Earth mass candidates with periods of 92, 62, and 39 days (d, e and f); a cold super-Earth in a 260-day orbit (g) and tantalizing evidence of a similar to 1 M-circle plus object in a close-in orbit of 17 days (h). We explore whether long-term stable orbits are compatible with the data by integrating 8 x 10(4) solutions derived from the Bayesian samplings. We assess their stability using secular frequency analysis. Conclusions. The system consisting of six planets is compatible with dynamically stable configurations. As for the solar system, the most stable solutions do not contain mean-motion resonances and are described well by analytic Laplace-Lagrange solutions. Preliminary analysis also indicates that masses of the planets cannot be higher than twice the minimum masses obtained from Doppler measurements. The presence of a seventh planet (h) is supported by the fact that it appears squarely centered on the only island of stability left in the six-planet solution. Habitability assessments accounting for the stellar flux, as well as tidal dissipation effects, indicate that three (maybe four) planets are potentially habitable. Doppler and space-based transit surveys indicate that 1) dynamically packed systems of super-Earths are relatively abundant and 2) M-dwarfs have more small planets than earlier-type stars. These two trends together suggest that GJ 667C is one of the first members of an emerging population of M-stars with multiple low-mass planets in their habitable zones
System-based proteomic and metabonomic analysis of the Df(16)A+/- mouse identifies potential miR-185 targets and molecular pathway alterations

Deletions on chromosome 22q11.2 are a strong genetic risk factor for development of schizophrenia and cognitive dysfunction. We employed shotgun liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomic and metabonomic profiling approaches on prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal (HPC) tissue from Df(16)A +/- mice, a model of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Proteomic results were compared with previous transcriptomic profiling studies of the same brain regions. The aim was to investigate how the combined effect of the 22q11.2 deletion and the corresponding miRNA dysregulation affects the cell biology at the systems level. The proteomic brain profiling analysis revealed PFC and HPC changes in various molecular pathways associated with chromatin remodelling and RNA transcription, indicative of an epigenetic component of the 22q11.2DS. Further, alterations in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial function and lipid biosynthesis were identified. Metabonomic profiling substantiated the proteomic findings by identifying changes in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)-related pathways, such as changes in ceramide phosphoethanolamines, sphingomyelin, carnitines, tyrosine derivates and panthothenic acid. The proteomic findings were confirmed using selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, validating decreased levels of several proteins encoded on 22q11.2, increased levels of the computationally predicted putative miR-185 targets UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 110 kDa subunit (OGT1) and kinesin heavy chain isoform 5A and alterations in the non-miR-185 targets serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform, neurofilament light chain and vesicular glutamate transporter 1. Furthermore, alterations in the proteins associated with mammalian target of rapamycin signalling were detected in the PFC and with glutamatergic signalling in the hippocampus. Based on the proteomic and metabonomic findings, we were able to develop a schematic model summarizing the most prominent molecular network findings in the Df(16)A +/- mouse. Interestingly, the implicated pathways can be linked to one of the most consistent and strongest proteomic candidates, (OGT1), which is a predicted miR-185 target. Our results provide novel insights into system-biological mechanisms associated with the 22q11DS, which may be linked to cognitive dysfunction and an increased risk to develop schizophrenia. Further investigation of these pathways could help to identify novel drug targets for the treatment of schizophrenia
Modelling Aedes aegypti mosquito control via transgenic and sterile insect techniques: endemics and emerging outbreaks

The invasion of pest insects often changes or destroys a native ecosystem,and can result in food shortages and disease endemics.Issues such as the environmental effects of chemical control methods,the economic burden of maintaining control strategies and the risk of pestresistance still remain,and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever prevail in many countries,infecting over100 million worldwide in 2010.One environmentally friendly method for mosquito control is the Sterile Insect Technique(SIT).This species-specific method of insect control relies on the mass rearing,\ud
sterilization and release of large numbers of sterile insects.An alternative transgenic method is the Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal(RIDL).Our objective is to consider contrasting control\ud
strategies for two invasive scenarios via SIT and RIDL:an endemic case and an emerging outbreak.\ud
We investigate how the release rate and size of release region influence both the potential for control\ud
success and there sources needed to achieve it,under a range of conditions and control strategies,and we\ud
discuss advantageous strategies with respect to reducing the release resources and strategy costs(in\ud
terms of control mosquito numbers)required to achieve complete eradication of wild-type mosquitoes
Local Group timing in Milgromian dynamics : A past Milky Way-Andromeda encounter at z>0.8

4 pages, 2 figures, published in Astronomy and AstrophysicsContext: Local Group (LG) timing is one of the first historical probes of the so-called missing mass problem. Whilst modern cosmological probes indicate that pure baryonic dynamics is not sufficient on the largest scales, nearby galaxies and small galaxy groups persistently obey Milgrom’s MOND law, which implies that dynamics at small scales is possibly entirely predicted by the baryons. Aims: Here, we investigate LG timing in this context of Milgromian dynamics. Methods: We used the latest measured proper motions and radial velocities for Andromeda and the Magellanic clouds, and we integrated their orbits backwards by making use of the Milgromian two-body equation of motion. Results: With the currently measured proper motions and radial velocity of M31, we find that MOND would imply that the Milky Way (MW) and M31 first moved apart via Hubble expansion after birth, but then necessarily were attracted again by the Milgromian gravitational attraction, and had a past fly-by encounter before coming to their present positions. This encounter would most probably have happened 7 to 11 Gyr ago (0.8 < z < 3). The absence of a dark matter halo and its associated dynamical friction is necessary for such a close encounter not to have triggered a merger. Observational arguments which could exclude or favour such a past encounter would thus be very important in order to falsify or vindicate Milgromian dynamics on the scale of the LG. Interestingly, the closest approach of the encounter is small enough (<55 kpc) to have had severe consequences on the disc dynamics, including perhaps thick disc formation, and on the satellite systems of both galaxies. The ages of the satellite galaxies and of the young halo globular clusters, all of which form the vast polar structure around the MW, are consistent with these objects having been born during this encounter.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Reducing the risk of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):Challenges and priorities

Introduction: The safety of health care is increasingly prominent concern of the public, applying to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as well as conventional treatment. In 2009, a group of academic and clinical CAM researchers held a workshop to discuss the constraints and priorities of research into CAM safety. This group here report their discussions, and offer collaboration with practitioners internationally with the aim of improving patient safety for CAM practices and products.
Discussion: Research into the safety of healthcare presents challenges, including definitions of terms where a recent WHO initiative is significant. Particular problems that must be addressed include: the apparently low incidence of harmful incidents; the limited regulatory setting for CAM practice including the omission of CAM interventions from most mainstream adverse event reporting schemes; the widespread perception of CAM as natural and safe; the complexity of CAM therapies; interactions between CAM and conventional care; professional complacency; and the special challenges unique to specific CAM therapies such as the concept of a ‘healing crisis’. The researchers reached a consensus that the first priority for CAM safety research is active surveillance, or the measurement of actual harm from CAM. The second priority is research into beliefs and attitudes of practitioners, public and professional organisations, and what influences those attitudes; the final research area covers the procedures used to ensure safe practice, and their effectiveness.
Conclusions: International collaboration between experts in the field, including practitioners and researchers, may be the best way to achieve the required levels of expertise.

This article belongs to the Special Issue: Ensuring and Improving Patients’ Safety in Integrative Health Car
V5116 Sgr: a disc-eclipsed SSS post-outburst nova?

Nova V5116 Sgr 2005 No. 2, discovered on 2005 July 4, was observed with
XMM-Newton in March 2007, 20 months after the optical outburst. The X-ray
spectrum showed that the nova had evolved to a pure supersoft X-ray source,
indicative of residual H-burning on top of the white dwarf. The X-ray
light-curve shows abrupt decreases and increases of the flux by a factor 8 with
a periodicity of 2.97h, consistent with the possible orbital period of the
system. The EPIC spectra are well fit with an ONe white dwarf atmosphere model,
with the same temperature both in the low and the high flux periods. This rules
out an intrinsic variation of the X-ray source as the origin of the flux
changes, and points to a possible partial eclipse as the origin of the variable
light curve. The RGS high resolution spectra support this scenario showing a
number of emission features in the low flux state, which either disappear or
change into absorption features in the high flux state. A new XMM-Newton
observation in March 2009 shows the SSS had turned off and V5116 Sgr had
evolved into a weaker and harder X-ray source.Comment: 4 pages, to appear in Astronomische Nachrichte
Hyperfine mixing in $b\to c$ semileptonic decay of doubly heavy baryons

We qualitatively corroborate the results of W. Roberts and M. Pervin in Int.
J. Mod. Phys. A 24, 2401 (2009) according to which hyperfine mixing greatly
affects the decay widths of $b\to c$ semileptonic decays involving doubly heavy
$bc$ baryons. However, our predictions for the decay widths of the unmixed
states differ from those reported in the work of Roberts and Pervin by a factor
of 2, and this discrepancy translates to the mixed case. We further show that
the predictions of heavy quark spin symmetry, might be used in the future to
experimentally extract information on the admixtures in the actual physical
$bc$ baryons, in a model independent manner.Comment: 7 Latex pages, 4 Table