pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Evidence of the impact of urbanization on the hydrological regime of a medium-sized periurban catchment in France

In this paper we explore several indicators to evidence the impact of land use change, and particularly of urbanization/artificialization on discharge series of periurban catchments. A first set of indicators is derived from the literature and describes the monthly and annual hydrological regime, low flows and high flows, and flow components. Statistical tests are also applied to assess the existence of trends/ruptures on the longest time series. In addition, new indicators, especially built to show the impact of Sewer Overflow Devices (SODs) and infiltration into sewer networks are proposed. The method is applied to the Yzeron (150 km2) catchment, located close to Lyon city (France) where various discharge gauges with a variable time step are available on sub-catchments ranging from a few to 130 km2 (some of them nested), with a large variety of land uses (forest, agricultural land, artificialized areas). In addition, discharge is also measured in a SOD and a combined sewer network so that the relevance of the new proposed indicators can be assessed. In the largest sub-catchments, the results show a decrease of specific discharge from upstream to downstream corresponding to an increase of artificialized areas, except for high flows. When a SOD is present, the specific discharge is increased for frequencies larger than 50%, and the frequency of zero daily discharge is decreased. Waste water can be the only source of water in autumn month in a 4.1 km2 sub-catchment. Base flow is also decreased for the most urbanized catchments. Our results confirm the impact of SODs on the modification of the flood regime, with an increase of frequent floods, but a marginal impact on the largest floods, mainly governed by saturation of the rural parts of the catchments. The decomposition of the sewer discharge shows that, on an annual basis, infiltration in the sewer network accounts for 30% of the total discharge and runoff due to rainwater to about 40% (the remaining being composed of the waste water discharge). It can explain the decrease of base flow. Our analysis shows that, for periurban catchments, a long term monitoring of nested sub-catchments and infrastructures (SODs, sewer networks) with a small time step, is very valuable and provides data allowing a quantitative assessment of the impact of urbanization on the whole hydrological regime
A Global Steering Method for Nonholonomic Systems

In this paper, we present an iterative steering algorithm for nonholonomic systems (also called driftless control-affine systems) and we prove its global convergence under the sole assumption that the Lie Algebraic Rank Condition (LARC) holds true everywhere. That algorithm is an extension of the one introduced in [21] for regular systems. The first novelty here consists in the explicit algebraic construction, starting from the original control system, of a lifted control system which is regular. The second contribution of the paper is an exact motion planning method for nilpotent systems, which makes use of sinusoidal control laws and which is a generalization of the algorithm described in [29] for chained-form systems
Mutual invadability near evolutionarily singular strategies for multivariate traits, with special reference to the strongly convergence stable case

Over the last two decades evolutionary branching has emerged as a possible mathematical paradigm for explaining the origination of  phenotypic diversity. Although branching is well understood for one-dimensional trait spaces, a similarly detailed understanding for  higher dimensional trait spaces is sadly lacking. This note aims at getting a research program off the ground leading to such an understanding. In particular, we show that, as long as the evolutionary trajectory stays within the reign of the local quadratic  approximation of the fitness function, any initial small scale polymorphism around an attracting invadable evolutionarily singular strategy (ess) will evolve towards a dimorphism. That is, provided the trajectory does not pass the boundary of the domain of  dimorphic coexistence and falls back to monomorphism (after which it moves again towards the singular strategy and from there on to a small scale polymorphism, etc.). To reach these results we analyze in some detail the behavior of the solutions of the coupled Lande-equations purportedly satisfied by the phenotypic clusters of a quasi-n-morphism, and give a precise characterisation of the  local geometry of the set (Formula presented.) in trait space squared harbouring protected dimorphism. Intriguingly, in higher  dimensional trait spaces an attracting invadable ess needs not connect to (Formula presented.). However, for the practically important  subset of strongly attracting ess-es (i.e., ess-es that robustly locally attract the monomorphic evoltionary dynamics for all possible  non-degenerate mutational or genetic covariance matrices) invadability implies that the ess does connect to (Formula presented.),  just as in 1-dimensional trait spaces. Another matter is that in principle there exists the possibiliy that the dimorphic evolutionary  trajectory reverts to monomorphism still within the reign of the local quadratic approximation for the invasion fitnesses. Such locally  unsustainable branching cannot occur in 1- and 2-dimensional trait spaces, but can do so in higher dimensional ones. For the latter  trait spaces we give a condition excluding locally unsustainable branching which is far stricter than the one of strong convergence, yet holds good for a relevant collection of published models. It remains an open problem whether locally unsustainable branching can  occur around general strongly attracting invadable ess-es
Towards an Automation of the Mutation Analysis Dedicated to Model Transformation

International audienceA major benefit of Model Driven Engineering (MDE) relies on the automatic generation of artefacts from high-level models through intermediary levels using model transformations. In such a process, the input must be well-designed and the model transformations should be trustworthy. Due to the specificities of models and transformations, classical software test techniques have to be adapted. Among these techniques, mutation analysis has been ported and a set of mutation operators has been defined. However, mutation analysis currently requires a considerable manual work and suffers from the test data set improvement activity. This activity is seen by testers as a difficult and time-consuming job, and reduces the benefits of the mutation analysis. This paper addresses the test data set improvement activity. Model transformation traceability in conjunction with a model of mutation operators, and a dedicated algorithm allow to automatically or semi-automatically produce test models that detect new faults. The proposed approach is validated and illustrated in a case study written in Kermeta
Algorithmic Aspects of Heterogeneous Biological Networks Comparison

International audienceBiological networks are commonly used to model molecular activity within the cell. Recent experimental studies have shown that the detection of conserved subnetworks across several networks, coming from di erent organisms, may allow the discovery of disease pathways and prediction of protein functions. There already exist automatic methods that allow to search for conserved subnetworks using networks alignment; unfortunately, these methods are limited to networks of same type, thus having the same graph representation. Towards overcoming this limitation, a uni ed framework for pairwise comparison and analysis of networks with di erent graph representations (in particular, a directed acyclic graph D and an undirected graph G over the same set of vertices) is presented in [4]. We consider here a related problem called k-DAGCC: given a directed graph D and an undirected graph G on the same set V of vertices, and an integer k, does there exist sets of vertices V1; V2; : : : Vk0 , k0 k such that, for each 1 i k0, (i) D[Vi] is a DAG and (ii) G[Vi] is connected ? Two variants of k-DAGCC are of interest: (a) the Vis must form a partition of V , or (b) the Vis must form a cover of V . We study the computational complexity of both variants of k-DAGCC and, depending on the constraints imposed on the input, provide several polynomial-time algorithms, hardness and inapproximability results
Synthesis of novel heteroditopic carbene–pyridine palladium(II) chloro vinyl complexes. Comparative reactivity of different palladium vinyl derivatives toward transmetalation with alkynyl stannane

DeC-activated alkynes such as di-t-butyl-ethyne-dicarboxylate (DTA) or the more reactive dimethyl-ethynedicarboxylate
(DMA) do not react with palladium(II) chloro methyl complexes bearing heteroditopic
carbene–pyridine (C–N) as spectator ligands to give the corresponding vinyl derivatives. In order to prepare
this type of derivatives we resorted to a dedicated synthetic protocol based on the displacement of labile
pyridine-thioether ligands of vinyl palladium pyridine-thioeter species by the carbene–pyridine ligand of
carbene–pyridine silver chloride complexes. However, the novel carbene–pyridine vinyl complexes obtained
by such synthetic protocol, if compared with other palladium vinyl species with similar steric requirements, display a markedly reduced reactivity toward transmetalation with ethynyl-stannane
Structure and thermoelectric properties of boron doped nanocrystalline Si0.8Ge0.2 thin film

The structure and thermoelectric properties of boron doped nanocrystalline Si0.8Ge0.2 thin films are investigated for potential application in microthermoelectric devices. Nanocrystalline Si0.8Ge0.2 thin films are grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on a sandwich of Si3N4/SiO2/Si3N4 films deposited on a Si (100) substrate. The Si0.8Ge0.2 film is doped with boron by ion implantation. The structure of the thin film is studied by means of atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the film has column-shaped crystal grains ~100  nm in diameter oriented along the thickness of the film. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are measured in the temperature range between 80–300 and 130–300  K, respectively. The thermal conductivity is measured at room temperature by a 3 method. As compared with bulk silicon-germanium and microcrystalline film alloys of nearly the same Si/Ge ratio and doping concentrations, the Si0.8Ge0.2 nanocrystalline film exhibits a twofold reduction in the thermal conductivitity, an enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient, and a reduction in the electrical conductivity. Enhanced heat carrier scattering due to the nanocrystalline structure of the films and a combined effect of boron segregation and carrier trapping at grain boundaries are believed to be responsible for the measured reductions in the thermal and electrical conductivities, respectively
Analysis of Thermal Demagnetization Behavior of Nd–Fe–B Sintered Magnets Using Magnetic Domain Observation

We used magnetic domain observation to statistically observe the thermal demagnetization behavior of Nd–Fe–B sinteredmagnets at elevated temperatures up to 150 °C. Simultaneous magnetization reversal in a hundred adjacent grains occurred at 90 °C because of the magnetic interaction among the grains beyond grain boundaries in the Dysprosium (Dy)-free low-coercivity magnet. Conversely, simultaneous magnetization reversal in a hundred grains did not occur in the Dy-added high-coercivity magnets, and the demagnetizing ratio steadily increased with temperature. Furthermore, the addition of Dy induced high thermal stability by eliminating the simultaneous thermal demagnetization, which was caused by the magnetic interaction among the grains
Local electric-field-induced oxidation of titanium nitride films

[[abstract]]Nanometer-scale patterning of TiN films grown on SiO2 /Si( 001) has been demonstrated using the local electric-field-induced oxidation process with a conductive-probe atomic force microscope. The chemical composition of the modified TiN region was determined by micro-Auger electron spectroscopy and was found to consist of Ti, some trace amount of N, and O, suggesting the formation of titanium oxynitride in the near surface region. The dependence of the oxide height on the sample bias voltage with a fixed scanning speed shows a nonlinear trend in the high electric field regime, indicating that the growth kinetics might be significantly different from previous studies using other film materials.[[fileno]]2010109010016[[department]]物理
The many faces of biological individuality

Biological individuality is a major topic of discussion in biology and philosophy of biology. Recently, several objections have been raised against traditional accounts of biological individuality, including the objections of monism (the tendency to focus on a single individuality criterion and/or a single biological field), theory-centrism (the tendency to discuss only theory-based individuation), ahistoricity (the tendency to neglect what biologists of the past and historians of biology have said about biological individuality), disciplinary isolationism (the tendency to isolate biological individuality from other scientific and philosophical domains that have investigated individuality), and the multiplication of conceptual uncertainties (the lack of a precise definition of “biological individual” and related terms). In this introduction, I will examine the current philosophical landscape about biological individuality, and show how the contributions gathered in this special issue address these five objections. Overall, the aim of this issue is to offer a more diverse, unifying, and scientifically informed conception of what a biological individual is
Two near-optimal layouts for trusslike bridge structures\ud
bearing uniform weight between supports

Although the primary objective on designing a structure is to support the external loads, the achievement of an optimal layout that reduces all costs associated with the structure is an aspect of increasing interest. The problem of finding the optimal layout for bridgelike structures subjected to a uniform load is considered. The problem is formulated following a theory on economy of frame structures, using the stress volume as the objective function and including the selection of appropriate values for statically indeterminate reactions. It is solved in a function space of finite dimension instead of using a general variational approach, obtaining near-optimal solutions. The results obtained with this profitable strategy are very close to the best layouts known to date, with differences of less than 2% for the stress volume, but with a simpler layout that can be recognized in some real bridges. This strategy could be a guide to preliminary design of bridges subject to a wide class of costs
The problem of camouflaging via mirror reflections

This work is related to billiards and their applications in geometric optics.
It is known that perfectly invisible bodies with mirror surface do not exist.
It is natural to search for bodies that are, in a sense, close to invisible. We
introduce a {\it visibility index} of a body measuring the mean angle of
deviation of incident light rays, and derive a lower estimate to this index.
This estimate is a function of the body's volume and of the minimal radius of a
ball containing the body. This result is far from being final and opens a
possibility for further research.Comment: 16 page
A proposed framework of sustainable self-evaluation maturity within companies: an exploratory study

Companies are still struggling to implement ecodesign in their daily product development processes. It is believed that this occurs because companies should firstly improve their strategy and management skills towards sustainability before introducing any ecodesign tool.  As a consequence, this paper aims to propose a self­evaluation framework to rank companies into different classes according to their level of maturity in terms of sustainability. It also discusses  ̈minimum requirements ̈ to move from one level to another towards sustainability. This will help companies to better understand which strategic and managerial actions they need to take before implementing any ecodesign
Dynamics of a hyperbolic system that applies at the onset of the oscillatory instability

A real hyperbolic system is considered that applies near the onset of the oscillatory instability in large spatial domains. The validity of that system requires that some intermediate scales (large compared with the basic wavelength of the unstable modes but small compared with the size of the system) remain inhibited; that condition is analysed in some detail. The dynamics associated with the hyperbolic system is fully analysed to conclude that it is very simple if the coefficient of the cross-nonlinearity is such that , while the system exhibits increasing complexity (including period-doubling sequences, quasiperiodic transitions, crises) as the bifurcation parameter grows if ; if  then the system behaves subcritically. Our results are seen to compare well, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the experimentally obtained ones for the oscillatory instability of straight rolls in pure Rayleigh - Bénard convection
Environmental screening tools for assessment of infrastructure plans based on biodiversity preservation and global warming (PEIT, Spain).

Most Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) research has been concerned with SEA as a procedure, and there have been relatively few developments and tests of analytical methodologies. The first stage of the SEA is the ‘screening’, which is the process whereby a decision is taken on whether or not SEA is required for a particular programme or plan. The effectiveness of screening and SEA procedures will depend on how well the assessment fits into the planning from the early stages of the decision-making process. However, it is difficult to prepare the environmental screening for an infrastructure plan involving a whole country. To be useful, such methodologies must be fast and simple. We have developed two screening tools which would make it possible to estimate promptly the overall impact an infrastructure plan might have on biodiversity and global warming for a whole country, in order to generate planning alternatives, and to determine whether or not SEA is required for a particular infrastructure plan
Numerical simulation of the upward propagation of a flame in a vertical tube filled with a very lean mixture.

Upwardpropagation of a premixed flame in averticaltubefilled with a very leanmixture is simulated numerically using a single irreversible Arrhenius reaction model with infinitely high activation energy. In the absence of heat losses and preferential diffusion effects, a curved flame with stationary shape and velocity close to those of an open bubble ascending in the same tube is found for values of the fuel mass fraction above a certain minimum that increases with the radius of the tube, while the numerical computations cease to converge to a stationary solution below this minimum mass fraction. The vortical flow of the gas behind the flame and in its transport region is described for tubes of different radii. It is argued that this flow may become unstable when the fuel mass fraction is decreased, and that this instability, together with the flame stretch due to the strong curvature of the flame tip in narrow tubes, may be responsible for the minimum fuel mass fraction. Radiation losses and a Lewis number of the fuel slightly above unity decrease the final combustion temperature at the flame tip and increase the minimum fuel mass fraction, while a Lewis number slightly below unity has the opposite effect
A speech interface for air traffic control terminals

Several issues concerning the current use of speech interfaces are discussed and the design and development of a speech interface that enables air traffic controllers to command and control their terminals by voice is presented. A special emphasis is made in the comparison between laboratory experiments and field experiments in which a set of ergonomics-related effects are detected that cannot be observed in the controlled laboratory experiments.\ud
The paper presents both objective and subjective performance obtained in field evaluation of the system with student controllers at an air traffic control (ATC) training facility. The system exhibits high word recognition test rates (0.4% error in Spanish and 1.5% in English) and low command error (6% error in Spanish and 10.6% error in English in the field tests). Subjective impression has also been positive, encouraging future development and integration phases in the Spanish ATC terminals designed by Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (AENA)
Social learning increases the acceptance and the efficiency of punishment institutions in social dilemmas

Endogenously chosen punishment institutions perform well in increasing contributions and long-term payoffs in social dilemma situations. However, they suffer from (a) initial reluctance of subjects to join the punishment institution and (b) initial efficiency losses due to frequent punishment. Here, we investigate the effects of social learning on the acceptence and the efficiency of a peer punishment institution in a community choice experiment. Subjects choose between communities with and without the possibility to punish peers before interacting in a repeated social dilemma situation. We find that providing
participants with a social history - presenting the main results of an identical previous experiment conducted with dierent subjects - decreases the initial reluctance towards the punishment institution signicantly. Moreover, with social history, cooperative groups reach the social optimum more rapidly and there is lower efficiency loss due to reduced punishment. Our findings shed light on the importance of social learning for the acceptance of seemingly unpopular but socially desirable mechanisms.
Mutual influence of cross hatch angle and superficial roughness of honed surfaces on friction in ring-pack tribo-system

The cylinder bore surface texture, widely produced by the honing technique, is an essential factor for a good engine performance (friction, oil consumption, running-in, wear etc.). This explains the improvement and development of various new honing techniques. These different honing processes generate surfaces with various texture features characteristics (roughness, valleys depth, cross hatch angle, etc.). This paper addresses a comparison of ring-pack friction for cylinder surfaces produced by plateau honing and helical slide honing. It takes in consideration the mutual effect of superficial plateau roughness amplitude and honing angle. A numerical model is developed to predict friction within the cylinder ring-pack system in mixed lubrication regime. The results show the effectiveness of helical slide honed surface texture in comparison to plateau honed bore surface