pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
U–Pb dating of cements in Mesozoic ammonites

AbstractDating sedimentary carbonates using the U-Pb method can help improve the Phanerozoic timescale. Using a novel combination of laser-ablation, multi-collector, inductively-coupled-plasma, mass-spectrometry (LA–MC–ICP–MS) and thermal ionization multi-collector mass spectrometry (TIMS), U-Pb numerical ages were obtained on early-diagenetic calcite cements in Jurassic ammonites in which concentrations of U range from 0.47 to 5.3ppm.The calcite cements of two ammonites, IS1 and IS2, from the uppermost Bifrons Zone of the Toarcian (179–180Ma) of the UK, gave TIMS-normalized LA U–Pb dates of 164.9±5.3Ma and 166.7±4.8Ma respectively. Normalizing LA–ICP–MC–MS data to an in-house calcite standard gave a more precise date of 165.5±3.3Ma for IS1 cement. An unzoned ammonite, SS2, of Bajocian age (168–170Ma) yield a TIMS-normalized LA U–Pb age of 158.8±4.3Ma for its early-diagenetic cement. Both the combined LA–MC–ICP–MS and TIMS approach, and the use of a calcite laser ablation standard can result in accurate ages of cements with uncertainties of 2–3% (2σ). The later, however, is more efficient and precise. These U-Pb dates of cements are 10 to 20Myr younger than the numerical ages of the biostratigraphic intervals from which the ammonites derive. The U-Pb dates are taken to represent the time at which the aragonite shell of the ammonite inverted to calcite and released its U to precipitate in a late-diagenetic alteration of early-diagenetic fringing cements.Concentrations of U and Pb in a range of other pristine biogenic carbonates were found too low (U<0.01ppm) for meaningful dating using laser ablation method
Dynamic Force Spectroscopy on Supported Lipid Bilayers: Effect of Temperature and Sample Preparation

AbstractBiological membranes are constantly exposed to forces. The stress-strain relation in membranes determines the behavior of many integral membrane proteins or other membrane related-proteins that show a mechanosensitive behavior. Here, we studied by force spectroscopy the behavior of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) subjected to forces perpendicular to their plane. We measured the lipid bilayer mechanical properties and the force required for the punch-through event characteristic of atomic force spectroscopy on SLBs as a function of the interleaflet coupling. We found that for an uncoupled bilayer, the overall tip penetration occurs sequentially through the two leaflets, giving rise to two penetration events. In the case of a bilayer with coupled leaflets, penetration of the atomic force microscope tip always occurred in a single step. Considering the dependence of the jump-through force value on the tip speed, we also studied the process in the context of dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). We performed DFS experiments by changing the temperature and cantilever spring constant, and analyzed the results in the context of the developed theories for DFS. We found that experiments performed at different temperatures and with different cantilever spring constants enabled a more effective comparison of experimental data with theory in comparison with previously published data
Shared decision-making on a 'life-and-care plan' in long-term care facilities: research protocol

Contains fulltext :
                  168143.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)AIM: To determine whether the number of residents' preferences and needs together with the actions taken to satisfy them recorded into their 'life-and-care plans' will increase and the process of shared decision-making will improve the residents' psychosocial well-being. BACKGROUND: Shared decision-making is defined as a process where healthcare professionals and patients make decisions together, using the best available evidence. The aims of the present study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an SDM framework for care planning in long-term care facilities and its potential effectiveness on the proportion of dementia residents whose own preferences and needs and the related actions, are known, satisfied and documented in their 'life-and-care plans'. DESIGN: The current project is a feasibility trial and it was approved in November 2013. METHODS: Research subjects are triads composed of the resident with dementia, a family caregiver and the professional usually taking care for the resident. Professional caregivers of two nursing homes, one located in Italy and one in the Netherlands, will receive a specific training in SDM principles and will guide the SDM interview in the triad. The primary outcome will be the proportion of residents whose preferences and needs, together with the related actions to meet them, are known, documented and satisfied in their 'life-and-care plans'. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02118701
Raman active high energy excitations in URu2Si2

Contains fulltext :
                  169021.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)We have performed Raman scattering measurements on URu2Si2 single crystals on a large energy range up to ∼1300 cm−1 and in all the Raman active symmetries as a function of temperature down to 15 K. A large excitation, active only in the Eg symmetry, is reported. It has been assigned to a crystal electric field excitation on the Uranium site. We discuss how this constrains the crystal electric field scheme of the Uranium ions. Furthermore, three excitations in the A1g symmetry are observed. They have been associated to double Raman phonon processes consistently with ab initio calculations of the phonons dispersion
MUSE-inspired view of the quasar Q2059-360, its Lyman alpha blob, and
  its neighborhood

The radio-quiet quasar Q2059-360 at redshift $z=3.08$ is known to be close to
a small Lyman $\alpha$ blob (LAB) and to be absorbed by a proximate damped
Ly$\alpha$ (PDLA) system.
  Here, we present the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field
spectroscopy follow-up of this quasi-stellar object (QSO). Our primary goal is
to characterize this LAB in detail by mapping it both spatially and spectrally
using the Ly$\alpha$ line, and by looking for high-ionization lines to
constrain the emission mechanism.
  Combining the high sensitivity of the MUSE integral field spectrograph
mounted on the Yepun telescope at ESO-VLT with the natural coronagraph provided
by the PDLA, we map the LAB down to the QSO position, after robust subtraction
of QSO light in the spectral domain.
  In addition to confirming earlier results for the small bright component of
the LAB, we unveil a faint filamentary emission protruding to the south over
about 80 pkpc (physical kpc); this results in a total size of about 120 pkpc.
We derive the velocity field of the LAB (assuming no transfer effects) and map
the Ly$\alpha$ line width. Upper limits are set to the flux of the N V $\lambda
1238-1242$, C IV $\lambda 1548-1551$, He II $\lambda 1640$, and C III] $\lambda
1548-1551$ lines. We have discovered two probable Ly$\alpha$ emitters at the
same redshift as the LAB and at projected distances of 265 kpc and 207 kpc from
the QSO; their Ly$\alpha$ luminosities might well be enhanced by the QSO
radiation. We also find an emission line galaxy at $z=0.33$ near the line of
sight to the QSO.
  This LAB shares the same general characteristics as the 17 others surrounding
radio-quiet QSOs presented previously. However, there are indications that it
may be centered on the PDLA galaxy rather than on the QSO.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 16 pages, 19
  figure
European contribution to the study of ROS: A summary of the findings and prospects for the future from the COST action BM1203 (EU-ROS)

This is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.The European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) provides an ideal framework to establish multi-disciplinary research networks. COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) represents a consortium of researchers from different disciplines who are dedicated to providing new insights and tools for better understanding redox biology and medicine and, in the long run, to finding new therapeutic strategies to target dysregulated redox processes in various diseases. This report highlights the major achievements of EU-ROS as well as research updates and new perspectives arising from its members. The EU-ROS consortium comprised more than 140 active members who worked together for four years on the topics briefly described below. The formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is an established hallmark of our aerobic environment and metabolism but RONS also act as messengers via redox regulation of essential cellular processes. The fact that many diseases have been found to be associated with oxidative stress established the theory of oxidative stress as a trigger of diseases that can be corrected by antioxidant therapy. However, while experimental studies support this thesis, clinical studies still generate controversial results, due to complex pathophysiology of oxidative stress in humans. For future improvement of antioxidant therapy and better understanding of redox-associated disease progression detailed knowledge on the sources and targets of RONS formation and discrimination of their detrimental or beneficial roles is required. In order to advance this important area of biology and medicine, highly synergistic approaches combining a variety of diverse and contrasting disciplines are needed.The EU-ROS consortium (COST Action BM1203) was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST). The present overview represents the final Action dissemination summarizing the major achievements of COST Action BM1203 (EU-ROS) as well as research news and personal views of its members. Some authors were also supported by COST Actions BM1005 (ENOG) and BM1307 (PROTEOSTASIS), as well as funding from the European Commission FP7 and H2020 programmes, and several national funding agencies
Search for a heavy composite Majorana neutrino in the final state with
  two leptons and two quarks at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in the final state with two
same-flavour leptons (electrons or muons) and two quarks produced in
proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is presented. The data were
recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The observed data are in good agreement
with the standard model background prediction. The results of the measurement
are interpreted in the framework of a recently proposed model in which a heavy
Majorana neutrino, N(l), stems from a composite-fermion scenario. Exclusion
limits are set for the first time on the mass of the heavy composite Majorana
neutrino, m[N(l)], and the compositeness scale Lambda. For the case m[N(l)] =
Lambda, the existence of N(e) (N(mu)) is excluded for masses up to 4.60 (4.70)
TeV at 95% confidence level.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-16-026
  (CMS Public Pages
CysMap and CysJoin: Database and tools for protein disulphide localization

We have developed a computer program able to make user-customised databases derived from the public PIR non-redundant reference protein database. When the database of interest has been created, the user will generate the map of all the possible linear peptides containing one and two cysteines for each protein and combine them to calculate the mass of all the possible clusters of linear peptides linked by a disulphide bridge with a cysteine pair. It is also possible to create selected maps corresponding to peptides formed by the action of specific proteases. In this way, mass spectrometric data obtained from the hydrolysis of proteins of unknown sequence can be related to that contained in the database for quick disulphide assignment and protein identification. To confirm signal attribution, the program will also furnish the expected mass of cluster peptides after performing a cycle of Edman degradation. The utility of the program is discussed and examples of application are given. © 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies
The Gaia -ESO Survey: Exploring the complex nature and origins of the Galactic bulge populations

Abridged: We used the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey to characterize the bulge chemistry, spatial distribution, kinematics, and to compare it chemically with the thin and thick disks. The sample consist on ~2500 red clump stars in 11 bulge fields (−10∘≤l≤+8∘ and −10∘≤b≤−4∘), and a set of ~6300 disk stars selected for comparison. The bulge MDF is confirmed to be bimodal across the whole sampled area, with metal-poor stars dominating at high latitudes. The metal-rich stars exhibit bar-like kinematics and display a bimodality in their magnitude distribution, a feature which is tightly associated with the X-shape bulge. They overlap with the metal-rich end of the thin disk sequence in the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane. Metal-poor bulge stars have a more isotropic hot kinematics and do not participate in the X-shape bulge. With similar Mg-enhancement levels, the position of the metal-poor bulge sequence "knee" is observed at [Fe/H]knee=−0.37±0.09, being 0.06 dex higher than that of the thick disk. It suggests a higher SFR for the bulge than for the thick disk. Finally, we present a chemical evolution model that suitably fits the whole bulge sequence by assuming a fast (<1 Gyr) intense burst of stellar formation at early epochs. We associate metal-rich stars with the B/P bulge formed from the secular evolution of the early thin disk. On the other hand, the metal-poor subpopulation might be the product of an early prompt dissipative collapse dominated by massive stars. Nevertheless, our results do not allow us to firmly rule out the possibility that these stars come from the secular evolution of the early thick disk. This is the first time that an analysis of the bulge MDF and α-abundances has been performed in a large area on the basis of a homogeneous, fully spectroscopic analysis of high-resolution, high S/N data
Search for new resonances decaying via WZ to leptons in proton-proton collisions at √s=8TeV

A search is performed in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states with electrons, muons, and neutrinos. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1. No significant excess is observed above the expected standard model background. Upper bounds at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of a W' boson as predicted by an extended gauge model, and on the W'WZ coupling. The expected and observed mass limits for a W' boson, as predicted by this model, are 1.55 and 1.47 TeV, respectively. Stringent limits are also set in the context of low-scale technicolor models under a range of assumptions for the model parameters. © 2014 The Authors.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Carbon pricing in climate policy: seven reasons, complementary instruments, and political economy considerations

Carbon pricing is a recurrent theme in debates on climate policy. Discarded at the 2009 COP in Copenhagen, it remained part of deliberations for a climate agreement in subsequent years. As there is still much misunderstanding about the many reasons to implement a global carbon price, ideological resistance against it prospers. Here, we present the main arguments for carbon pricing, to stimulate a fair and well-informed discussion about it. These include considerations that have received little attention so far. We stress that a main reason to use carbon pricing is environmental effectiveness at a relatively low cost, which in turn contributes to enhance social and political acceptability of climate policy. This includes the property that corrected prices stimulate rapid environmental innovations. These arguments are underappreciated in the public debate, where pricing is frequently downplayed and the erroneous view that innovation policies are sufficient is widespread. Carbon pricing and technology policies are, though, largely complementary and thus are both needed for effective climate policy. We also comment on the complementarity of other instruments to carbon pricing. We further discuss distributional consequences of carbon pricing and present suggestions on how to address these. Other political economy issues that receive attention are lobbying, co-benefits, international policy coordination, motivational crowding in/out, and long-term commitment. The overview ends with reflections on implementing a global carbon price, whether through a carbon tax or emissions trading. The discussion goes beyond traditional arguments from environmental economics by including relevant insights from energy research and innovation studies as well
The van Hove distribution function for Brownian hard spheres: Dynamical test particle theory and computer simulations for bulk dynamics.

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. The following article appeared in HOPKINS, P. ...et al., 2010. The van Hove distribution function for Brownian hard spheres: Dynamical test particle theory and computer simulations for bulk dynamics. Journal of Chemical Physics , 133: 224505. and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3511719We describe a test particle approach based on dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) for studying the correlated time evolution of the particles that constitute a fluid. Our theory provides a means of calculating the van Hove distribution function by treating its self and distinct parts as the two components of a binary fluid mixture, with the “self ” component having only one particle, the “distinct”\ud
component consisting of all the other particles, and using DDFT to calculate the time evolution of the density profiles for the two components.We apply this approach to a bulk fluid of Brownian hard spheres and compare to results for the van Hove function and the intermediate scattering function from Brownian dynamics computer simulations. We find good agreement at low and intermediate densities using the very simple Ramakrishnan–Yussouff [Phys. Rev. B 19, 2775 (1979)] approximation\ud
for the excess free energy functional. Since the DDFT is based on the equilibrium Helmholtz\ud
free energy functional, we can probe a free energy landscape that underlies the dynamics. Within the mean-field approximation we find that as the particle density increases, this landscape develops a minimum, while an exact treatment of a model confined situation shows that for an ergodic fluid this landscape should be monotonic. We discuss possible implications for slow, glassy, and arrested dynamics at high densities
Tank monitoring: a pAMN case study

<p>The introduction of probabilistic behaviour into the B-Method is a recent development. In addition to allowing probabilistic behaviour to be modelled, the relationship between expected values of the machine state can be expressed and verified. This paper explores the application of probabilistic B to a simple case study: tracking the volume of liquid held in a tank by measuring the flow of liquid into it. The flow can change as time progresses, and sensors are used to measure the flow with some degree of accuracy and reliability, modelled as non-deterministic and probabilistic behaviour respectively. At the specification level, the analysis is concerned with the expectation clause in the probabilistic B machine and its consistency with machine operations. At the refinement level, refinement and equivalence laws on probabilistic GSL are used to establish that a particular design of sensors delivers the required level of reliability.</p
Search for supersymmetry in events with photons, bottom quarks, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration Contributors: Paul Douglas of School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.A search has been performed for the experimental signature of an isolated photon with high transverse momentum, at least one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark, and high missing transverse momentum. Such a final state may originate from supersymmetric models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in events in which one of a pair of higgsino-like neutralinos decays into a photon and a gravitino while the other decays into a Higgs boson and a gravitino. The search is performed using the full dataset of 7 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−14.7 fb⁻¹. A total of 7 candidate events are observed while 7.5±2.27.5±2.2 events are expected from the Standard Model background. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of general gauge mediation to exclude certain regions of a benchmark plane for higgsino-like neutralino production.ATLAS Collaboratio
Production of $^{4}$He and $^{4}\overline{\textrm{He}}$ in Pb-Pb
  collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of $^{4}{\textrm{He}}$ and
$^{4}\overline{\textrm{He}}$ nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at $
\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76 $ TeV in the rapidity range $ \mid y \mid < 1$,
using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities
corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be $\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}y
_{^{4}\mathrm{He}} = (0.8 \pm 0.4 ~(\mathrm{stat}) \pm
0.3~(\mathrm{syst}))\times 10^{-6}$ and $\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}y
_{^{4}\mathrm{\overline{He}}} = (1.1 \pm 0.4~(\mathrm{stat}) \pm
0.2~(\mathrm{syst}))\times 10^{-6}$, respectively. This is in agreement with
the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out
temperature ($T_{\mathrm{chem}}$ = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured
ratio of $^{4}\overline{\mathrm{He}}$/$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ is $1.4 \pm
0.8~(\mathrm{stat}) \pm 0.5~(\mathrm{syst})$.Comment: 17 pages, 3 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 12,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/408
Experimental study of blade thickness effects on the overall and local performances of a Controlled Vortex Designed axial-ﬂow fan

The purpose of this work is to study the effects of blade thickness on the performances of an axial-ﬂow fan. Two fans that differ only in the thickness of their blades were studied. The ﬁrst fan was designed to be part of the cooling system of an automotive vehicle power unit and has very thin blades. The second fan has much thicker blades compatible with the rotomoulding conception process. The overall perfor-mances of the fans were measured in a test bench designed according to the ISO-5801 standard. The curve of aerodynamics characteristics (pressure head versus ﬂow-rate) is slightly steeper for the fan with thick blades, and the nominal point is shifted towards lower ﬂow-rates. The efﬁciency of the thick blades fan is lower than the efﬁciency of the fan with thin blades but remains high on a wider ﬂow-rate range. The mean velocity ﬁelds downstream of the rotors are very similar at nominal points with less centrifu-gation for the thick blades fan. Moreover, the thick blades fan maintains an axial exit-ﬂow on a wider range of ﬂow-rates. The main differences concern local properties of the ﬂow: phase-averaged velocities and wall pressure ﬂuctuations strongly differ at the nominal ﬂow-rates. The total level of ﬂuctuations is lower for the thick blades fan that for the thin blades fan and the spectral decomposition of the wall ﬂuc-tuations and velocity signals reveal more harmonics for the thick blades fan, with less correlation between the different signals. For this kind of turbomachinery, the use of thick blades could lead to a good compromise between aerodynamic and acoustic performances, on a wider operating range