pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Oxidation of Rutin

An electrochemical investigation of rutin oxidation on a glassy carbon electrode was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry over a wide pH interval. The electrochemical oxidation is a complex process, which proceeds in a cascade mechanism, related with the 4-hydroxyl groups of the rutin molecule. The catechol 3prime,4prime-dihydroxyl group is the first to be oxidized by a two-electron - two-proton reversible oxidation reaction, followed by an irreversible oxidation reaction due to the 5,7-dihydroxyl group. Both mechanisms are pH dependent. An adsorption process is also observed and the oxidation products block the electrode surface.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20040310
Visualization of Fruit Odor by Photoluminescence

Photoluminescence with visible emission spectrum was observed and visualized at the surface of certain fruits. This photoluminescence is associated with vapors of natural organic volatiles (odorants) emitted from the fruit surface. The photoluminescence spectra of various fruits (apple, pear, kiwi, and strawberry) were measured in vivo using a number of fluorometric methods. Fruit aging was found to be accompanied by modification of the photoluminescence spectrum shape and a noticeable increase in the photoluminescence intensity. Laser photoluminescence microscopy in vapors of fruit extracts and artificial compounds was used to assess the contribution of various substances to natural odor emission of fruits. The results of this study show that fluorometry of odors is a promising method for studying fruits and other objects.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100289621880
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin

Abstract Background  We evaluated, in a nonrandomised, institutional, prospective study, the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and subfoveal exudation.    Methods  A prospective clinical and angiographic study was done in 40 consecutive eyes with PCV treated with PDT using masked best-corrected visual acuity (VA) and fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographic features at baseline and over 2 years.    Results  Twenty-one eyes completed 1-year follow-up and showed, after a mean 2.9 PDT sessions, VA improvement in 12 eyes, no change in five eyes, and VA decrease in four eyes. Leakage was absent at the retinal and choroidal level in 14 eyes at 1 year. Recurrence occurred in one eye during the first year. Six eyes completed 2 years of follow-up and showed, after a mean 4 PDT sessions, VA improvement in five eyes and VA decrease in one eye. Leakage was absent at the retinal and choroidal level in five eyes. Recurrence occurred in four of these six eyes during the second year of follow-up. No serious adverse events were observed during the 2 years of follow-up.    Conclusions  PDT with verteporfin was shown to be safe and effective for treating AMD eyes with PCV with subfoveal involvement. VA improvement and absence of leakage were achieved, respectively, in 57.1% and 66.6% of the eyes at 1 year. Recurrences were more frequent during the second year of follow-up.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-1139-
Optimized normal and distance matching for heterogeneous object modeling

This paper presents a new optimization methodology of material blending for heterogeneous object modeling by matching the material governing features for designing a heterogeneous object. The proposed method establishes point-to-point correspondence represented by a set of connecting lines between two material directrices. To blend the material features between the directrices, a heuristic optimization method developed with the objective is to maximize the sum of the inner products of the unit normals at the end points of the connecting lines and minimize the sum of the lengths of connecting lines. The geometric features with material information are matched to generate non-self-intersecting and non-twisted connecting surfaces. By subdividing the connecting lines into equal number of segments, a series of intermediate piecewise curves are generated to represent the material metamorphosis between the governing material features. Alternatively, a dynamic programming approach developed in our earlier work is presented for comparison purposes. Result and computational efficiency of the proposed heuristic method is also compared with earlier techniques in the literature. Computer interface implementation and illustrative examples are also presented in this paper
Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices: Band-Gap Structure and
  Solitons

We analyze the existence and stability of spatially extended (Bloch-type) and
localized states of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded into an optical lattice.
In the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a periodic potential, we
study the band-gap structure of the matter-wave spectrum in both the linear and
nonlinear regimes. We demonstrate the existence of families of spatially
localized matter-wave gap solitons, and analyze their stability in different
band gaps, for both repulsive and attractive atomic interactions
Glazing of tool dies for semi-solid steel forming

This paper describes an analysis conducted into the effect of CO2 laser processing parameters on the surface modification and heat treatment of steels. The CO2 laser and in house developed apparatus for movement of the samples allowed for high speed surface heat treatment. The operation of these components in conjunction allowed a wide variation in the heat treatments and sample properties to be obtained. In particular, the mechanism to pass the steel samples at high speeds (700 — 1200 mm/s), kept the focus spot exposure times below 1 x 10-3 s. Laser power from 825 to 1050W and continuous beam mode were used. Both laser hardened and laser glazed samples were analysed using optical microscopy, Vickers and micro hardness testing, and XRD. The samples showed functionally graded surface morphologies and corresponding hardness and stiffness responses. For more rapidly process samples three layers of distinct hardness were noted. In all cases crystal and property modification to approximately 500ttm was found. Results show how the laser treatment is directly related to the hardness profile through the surface and resultant microstructures. The results from all the samples show increased hardness due to (a) the formation of martensite and ferrite in the laser hardened samples and (b) a complete microstructural transformation to an amorphous state in the glazed samples. It is noted that the higher stiffness and hardness of the glazed samples can expect to result in a more wear resistant coating for the semi-steel forming process. The amorphous layer may also be expected to act as a thermal barrier to the higher temperatures encountered in semi-solid steel forming
Effects of increased CO2 levels on monsoons

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration provided warmer atmospheric temperature and higher atmospheric water vapor content, but not necessarily more precipitation. A set of experiments performed with a state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model forced with increased atmospheric CO2 concentration (2, 4 and 16 times the present-day mean value) were analyzed and compared with a control experiment to evaluate the effect of increased CO2 levels on monsoons. Generally, the monsoon precipitation responses to CO2 forcing are largest if extreme concentrations of carbon dioxide are used, but they are not necessarly proportional to the forcing applied. In fact, despite a common response in terms of an atmospheric
water vapor increase to the atmospheric warming, two out of the six monsoons studied simulate less or equal summer mean precipitation in the 16xCO2 experiment compared to the intermediate sensitivity experiments. The precipitation differences between CO2 sensitivity experiments and CTRL have been investigated specifying the contribution of thermodynamic and purely dynamic processes. As a general rule, the differences depending on the atmospheric moisture content changes (thermodynamic
component) are large and positive, and they tend to be damped by the dynamic component associated with the changes in the vertical velocity. However, differences are observed among monsoons in terms of the role played by
other terms (like moisture advection and evaporation) in shaping the precipitation changes in warmer climates. The precipitation increase, even if weak, occurs despite a weakening of the mean circulation in the monsoon regions(‘‘precipitation-wind paradox’’). In particular, the tropical east-west Walker circulation is reduced, as found from velocity potential analysis. The meridional component of the monsoon circulation is changed as well, with larger (smaller) meridional (vertical) scales
Present status of the ALTO project

Submitted to AIP Conf. Proc., contribution to the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei EXON 2006 (Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, 2006 July 17th-22nd) - Soumis à AIP conf. Proc.The Institute of Nuclear Physics of Orsay has built in the Tandem building an ISOL device based on photofission induced by a 50-MeV electron-beam~: ALTO (\textbf{A}ccélérateur \textbf{L}inéaire auprès du \textbf{T}andem d'\textbf{O}rsay). The project has been dimensioned to obtain $10^{11}$ fissions/s inside an UC$_x$ target. The objective of this facility is twofold~: ensure the development of the physics with beams at extraction-energy of fission products and to serve as a test bench for certain aspects of the R\&D for the SPIRAL2 project. The first electron beam has been extracted from the LINAC in december 2005 and a UC$_x$-target/ion-source ensemble has been irradiated for the first time in june 2006. The effective yields of the non-refractory fission fragments after extraction and mass separation have been measured during this experiment and are similar to the calculated predictions
Bootstrap determination of the reliability of b-values: an assessment of statistical estimators with synthetic magnitude series

International audienceWe consider some practical issues of the determination of the b-value of sequences of magnitudes with the bootstrap method for short series of length L and various quantization levels Dm of the magnitude. Preliminary Monte Carlo tests performed with Dm ¼ 0 demonstrate the superiority of the maximum likelihood estimator bMLE, and the inconsistency of the, yet often used, bLR estimator defined as the least-squares slope of the experimental Gutenberg-Richter curve. The Monte Carlo tests are also applied to an estimator, bKS, which minimizes the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance between the cumulative distribution of magnitudes and a power-law model. Monte Carlo tests of discrete versions of the bMLE and bKS estimators are done for Dm ¼ f0:1; 0:2; 0:3g and used as reference to evaluate the performance of the bootstrap determination of b. We show that all estimators provide b estimates within 10 % error for L C 100 and if a large number, n = 2 9 105, of bootstrapped sample series is used. A resolution test done with Dm ¼ 0:1 reveals that a clear distinction between b = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 is obtained if L= 200
Modelling atmospheric and induced non-tidal oceanic loading contributions to surface gravity and tilt measurements

International audienceWe investigate the contribution of atmospheric and its induced non-tidal oceanic loading effects on surface time-varying gravity and tilt measurements for several stations in Western Europe. The ocean response to pressure forcing can be modelled accordingly to the inverted barometer, i.e. assuming that air pressure variations are fully compensated by static sea height changes, or using ocean general circulation models.Wevalidate two runs of theHUGO-mbarotropic ocean model by comparing predicted sea surface height variations with hundred tide-gauge measurements along the European coasts. We then show that global surface pressure field, as well as a barotropic high-resolution ocean model forced by air pressure and winds allow in most cases a significant reduction of the variance of gravity residuals and, to a smaller extends tilt residuals. Wefinally show that precise gravity measurements with superconducting gravimeters allow the observation of large storm surges, occurring in the North Sea, even for inland stations. However, we also confirm that the continental hydrology contribution cannot be neglected. Thanks to their specific sensitivity feature, only tiltmeters closest to the coast can clearly detect the loading due to these storm surges
Dissolved organic matter fluorescence as a water-flow tracer in the tropical wetland of Pantanal of Nhecolandia, Brazil

The Nhecolandia is a sub-region of the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, where saline and freshwater lakes coexist in close proximity. Measurements of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) were conducted in an effort to characterize spatial variability in concentration and source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and to further understand the hydrochemical functioning of this complex environment. Increasing pH under the influence of evaporation resulted in an increasing DOC solubility ranging from 50 to over 300 mgC L-1 in surface water. Spectrofluorescence characterisation indicates the presence of several families of dissolved organic matter (fulvic and humic-type and proteinaceous materials), which are related to the type of lake and its hydro-bio-geochemical functioning. Moreover, the fluorescence signatures from lake water DOM and from surrounding soil-water-extracted organic matter (WEOM) show strong similarities although some labile proteinaceous compounds disappeared during humification. Results from the characterisation of DOM and WEOM not only suggest that spectrofluorescence is a reliable technique for the tracing of water flows, but also for the marking of the origin of organic horizons in this environment
Care Network Coordination for Chemotherapy at Home: A Case Study

International audienceThis paper deals with a system of chemotherapy at home which is managed by a Home Care Services (HCS) structure. The main role of this HCS structure is to coordinate care actors for a smooth organization of chemotherapy at home. In this work, we model a real system of chemotherapy at home managed by a HCS structure, and simulate its behaviour. The objective is to evaluate the relevance of such a system for current activities of the HCS structure, and to propose solutions for improving the optimal coordination of the care network for chemotherapy at home
On Cross-risk Vulnerability

International audienceWe introduce the notion of cross-risk vulnerability to generalize the concept of risk vulnerability introduced by Gollier and Pratt [Gollier, C., Pratt, J.W. 1996. Risk vulnerability and the tempering effect of background risk. Econometrica 64, 1109–1124]. While risk vulnerability captures the idea that the presence of an unfair financial background risk should make risk-averse individuals behave in a more risk-averse way with respect to an independent financial risk, cross-risk vulnerability extends this idea to the impact of a non-financial background risk on the financial risk. It provides an answer to the question of the impact of a background risk on the optimal coinsurance rate and on the optimal deductible level. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a bivariate utility function to exhibit cross-risk vulnerability both toward an actuarially neutral background risk and toward an unfair background risk. We also analyze the question of the sub-additivity of risk premia and show to what extent cross-risk vulnerability provides an answer
VUV Fourier-Transform absorption study of the npπnpπ1Πu-,v,N←X1Σg+,v″=0,N″ transitions in D2

International audienceThe DESIRS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron facility, equipped with a vacuum ultraviolet Fourier-Transform spectrometer has been used to measure Q(N″)Q(N″) (N-N″=0N-N″=0) absorption transitions of the D2 molecule. Some 212 Q-lines were assigned and their transition frequencies determined up to excitation energies of 137000 cm-1 above the ground state, thereby extending the earlier work by various authors, and considerably improving the spectral accuracy (<0.1<0.1 cm-1). The assignments have been aided by first principles multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) calculations which also provide predictions of the autoionization widths of the upper levels
Explanation of dominant oblique radio emission at Jupiter and comparison to the terrestrial case

International audienceThe Io-Jupiter S-bursts are series of quasi-periodic impulsive decameter radio emissions from the magnetic flux tube connecting Jupiter to its closest galilean satellite Io. This paper discusses the possibility, suggested by previous works by Hess et al., that the S-bursts are triggered by upgoing electrons accelerated (downward) by trapped Alfvén waves, that have mirrored above the Jupiter ionosphere. According to this theory, the S-bursts would correspond to wave modes that propagate at oblique angles with respect to the magnetic field. Oblique propagation is also inferred for the more slowly varying components of Io-Jupiter radio emissions. Previous works, mainly based on observations of the terrestrial AKR, whose generation process is closely related to those of S-bursts, showed that these waves are emitted on perpendicular wave modes. This discrepancy between the Jovian and Terrestrial cases has led to a controversy about the credibility of the S-bursts model by Hess et al. In the present paper, we show that indeed, the most unstable wave modes for Earth AKR, and Io-Jupiter S-bursts, as they are seen from ground based radio-telescopes, are not the same. Several causes are evaluated: observational bias, the different degree of plasma magnetization above Earth and Jupiter, the role of a cold plasma component and of plasma auroral cavities. Furthermore, we make predictions about what kind of radiation modes a probe crossing the low altitude Io-Jupiter flux tube will see
Fusion hindrance of heavy ions: role of the neck

International audienceFusion of heavy ions is largely hindered because of the appearance of an inner barrier between the contact point of the two colliding nuclei and the compound nucleus. But there are still quantitative ambiguities on the size of the barrier and on the role of the dissipation. In this paper we stress the importance of the neck of the composite system on the hindrance of the fusion of heavy nuclei. We show that the \denecking" process is very quick compared to the other collective degrees of freedom as the relative distance. This behavior of the neck will change the potential seen by the relative distance on the way to fusion and its e ective initial value through a dynamical coupling. Both e ects contribute to the hindrance of fusion
Multifragmentation threshold in $^{93}Nb+${nat}Mg collisions at 30 MeV/nucleon

16 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables Soumis à Nuclear Physics AInternational audienceWe analyzed the $^{93}Nb$ on $^{nat}Mg$ reaction at $30$ MeV/nucleon in the aim of disentangling binary sequential decay and multifragmentation decay close to the energy threshold, i.e. $\simeq 3$ MeV/nucleon. Using the backtracing technique applied to the statistical models GEMINI and SMM we reconstruct simulated charge, mass and excitation energy distributions and compare them to the experimental ones. We show that data are better described by SMM than by GEMINI in agreement with the fact that multifragmentation is responsible for fragment production at excitation energies around $3$ MeV/nucleon
First identification and modelling of SPI background lines

On Oct. 17, 2002, the ESA INTEGRAL observatory was launched into a highly elliptical orbit. SPI, a high resolution Ge spectrometer covering an energy range of 20-8000 keV, is one of its two main instruments. We use data recorded early in the mission (i.e. in March 2003) to characterize the instrumental background, in particular the many gamma-ray lines produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the instrument and spacecraft materials. More than 300 lines and spectral features are observed, for about 220 of which we provide identifications. An electronic version of this list, which will be updated continuously, is available for download at CESR. We also report first results from our efforts to model these lines by ab initio Monte Carlo simulation
Using experimental data to reduce the single-building sigma of fragility curves: case study of the BRD tower in Bucharest, Romania

The lack of knowledge concerning modelling existing buildings leads to significant variability in fragility curves for single or grouped existing buildings. This paper aims to investigate the uncertainties of fragility curves, with special consideration of the single-building sigma. Experimental data and simplified models are applied to the BRD tower in Bucharest (Romania), a RC building with permanent instrumentation. A 3-step methodology is applied, (1) adjustment of a linear MDOF model for experimental modal analysis using a Timoshenko beam model and based on Anderson’s criteria, (2) computation of the structure’s response to a large set of accelerograms simulated by SIMQKE software, considering twelve ground motion parameters as intensity measurements (IM), and (3) construction of the fragility curves by comparing numerical inter-storey drift with the threshold criteria provided by the Hazus methodology for the slight damage state. By introducing experimental data into the model, uncertainty is reduced to 0.02 considering Sd(f1) as seismic intensity IM and uncertainty related to the model is assessed at 0.03. These values must be compared with the total uncertainty value of around 0.7 provided by the Hazus methodology
Efficient computation of steady solitary gravity waves

21 pages, 12 figures, 66 references. Other authors papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/An efficient numerical method to compute solitary wave solutions to the free surface Euler equations is reported. It is based on the conformal mapping technique combined with an efficient Fourier pseudo-spectral method. The resulting nonlinear equation is solved via the Petviashvili iterative scheme. The computational results are compared to some existing approaches, such as the Tanaka method and Fenton's high-order asymptotic expansion. Several important integral quantities are numerically computed for a large range of amplitudes. The integral representation of the velocity and acceleration fields in the bulk of the fluid is also provided