pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Solvent and thermal stability, and pH kinetics, of proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like enzyme from bovine serum

Proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidase-like (DPP IV; EC 3.4.14.5) activity in bovine serum has attracted little attention despite its ready availability\ud
and the paucity of useful proline-cleaving enzymes. Bovine serum DPP IV-like peptidase is very tolerant of organic solvents, particularly acetonitrile: upon incubation for 1 h at room temperature in 70% acetonitrile, 47% dimethylformamide, 54% DMSO and 33% tetrahydrofuran (v/v\ud
concentrations) followed by dilution into the standard assay mixture, the enzyme retained half of its aqueous activity. As for thermal performance in aqueous buffer, its relative activity increased up to 50 ◦C. Upon thermoinactivation at 71 ◦C, pH 8.0 (samples removed periodically, cooled on ice, then assayed under optimal conditions), residual activities over short times fit a first-order decay with a k-value of 0.071±0.0034 min−1. Over\ud
longer times, residual activities fit to a double exponential decay with k1 and k2 values of 0.218±0.025 min−1 (46±4% of overall decay) and 0.040±0.002 min−1 (54±4% of overall decay), respectively. The enzyme’s solvent and thermal tolerances suggest that it may have potential for use as a biocatalyst in industry. Kinetic analysis with the\ud
fluorogenic substrate Gly-Pro-7-aminomethylcoumarin over a range of pH values indicated two pK values at 6.18±0.07 and at 9.70±0.50. We ascribe the lower value to the active site histidine; the higher may be due to the active site serine or to a free amino group in the substrate
Reduced order models based on local POD plus Galerkin projection

A method is presented to accelerate numerical simulations on parabolic problems using a numerical code and a Galerkin system (obtained via POD plus Galerkin projection) on a sequence of interspersed intervals. The lengths of these intervals are chosen according to several basic ideas that include an a priori estimate of the error of the Galerkin approximation. Several improvements are introduced that reduce computational complexity and deal with: (a) updating the POD manifold (instead of calculating it) at the end of each Galerkin interval; (b) using only a limited number of mesh points to calculate the right hand side of the Galerkin system; and (c) introducing a second error estimate based on a second Galerkin system to account for situations in which qualitative changes in the dynamics occur during the application of the Galerkin system. The resulting method, called local POD plus Galerkin projection method, turns out to be both robust and efficient. For illustration, we consider a time-dependent Fisher-like equation and a complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
Heat transfer in separated flows on the pressure side of turbine blades

Heat transfer in separated flows on the pressure side of a typical high lift turbine profile is numerically investigated by means of an in-house CFD code. The numerical code was first validated on attached flows in turbine blades. To obtain flow separation cases, the profile is subject to large negative incidences so that a separation bubble is obtained at the pressure side. The numerical results are compared to available experimental data for code validation. It is shown how local minima and maxima values of the heat transfer coefficient are related to the separation and reattachment points, where the velocity component perpendicular to the wall is shown to have a significant effect on the heat transfe
Growth response to ozone of annual species from Mediterranean pastures

Ozone (O3) phytotoxicity has been reported on a wide range of plant species. However, scarce information has been provided regarding the sensitivity of semi-natural grassland species, especially those from dehesa Mediterranean grasslands, in spite of their great biological diversity and the high O3 levels recorded in the region. A screening study was carried out in open-top chambers (OTCs) to assess the O3-sensitivity of representative therophytes of these ecosystems based on the response of selected growth-related parameters. Three O3 treatments and 3 OTCs per treatment were used. Legume species were very sensitive to O3, because 78% of the tested species showed detrimental effects on their total biomass relative growth rate (RGR) following their exposure to O3. The Trifolium genus was particularly sensitive showing O3-induced adverse effects on most of the assessed parameters. Gramineae plants were less sensitive than Leguminosae species because detrimental effects on total biomass RGR were only observed in 14% of the assessed species. No relationship was found between relative growth rates when growing in clean air and O3 susceptibility. The implications of these effects on the performance of dehesa acidic grasslands and on the definition of ozone critical levels for the protection of semi-natural vegetation are discussed
Solution of the Least Squares Method problem of pairwise comparison matrices

The aim of the paper is to present a new global optimization
method for determining all the optima of the Least Squares Method (LSM) problem of pairwise comparison matrices. Such matrices are used, e.g., in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Unlike some other distance minimizing methods, LSM is usually hard to solve because of the corresponding nonlinear and non-convex objective function. It is found that the optimization problem can be reduced to solve a system of polynomial equations. Homotopy method is applied which is an efficient technique for solving nonlinear systems. The paper ends by two numerical example having multiple global and local minima
Multi-scale coarse-graining for the study of assembly pathways in
  DNA-brick self assembly

Inspired by recent successes using single-stranded DNA tiles to produce
complex structures, we develop a two-step coarse-graining approach that uses
detailed thermodynamic calculations with oxDNA, a nucleotide-based model of
DNA, to parametrize a coarser kinetic model that can reach the time and length
scales needed to study the assembly mechanisms of these structures. We test the
model by performing a detailed study of the assembly pathways for a
two-dimensional target structure made up of 334 unique strands each of which
are 42 nucleotides long. Without adjustable parameters, the model reproduces a
critical temperature for the formation of the assembly that is close to the
temperature at which assembly first occurs in experiments. Furthermore, the
model allows us to investigate in detail the nucleation barriers and the
distribution of critical nucleus shapes for the assembly of a single target
structure. The assembly intermediates are compact and highly connected
(although not maximally so) and classical nucleation theory provides a good fit
to the height and shape of the nucleation barrier at temperatures close to
where assembly first occurs
Minimal perturbations approaching the edge of chaos in a Couette flow

This paper provides an investigation of the structure of the stable manifold of the lower branch steady state for the plane Couette flow. Minimal energy perturbations to the laminar state are computed, which approach within a prescribed tolerance the lower branch steady state in a finite time. For small times, such minimal-energy perturbations maintain at least one of the symmetries characterizing the lower branch state. For a sufficiently large time horizon, such symmetries are broken and the minimal-energy perturbations on the stable manifold are formed by localized asymmetrical vortical structures. These minimal-energy perturbations could be employed to develop a control procedure aiming at stabilizing the low-dissipation lower branch state
A dynamic programming approach to the formulation and solution of finite element equations

A method for formulating and algorithmically solving the equations of finite element problems is presented. The method starts with a parametric partition of the domain in juxtaposed strips that permits sweeping the whole region by a sequential addition (or removal) of adjacent strips. The solution of the difference equations constructed over that grid proceeds along with the addition removal of strips in a manner resembling the transfer matrix approach, except that different rules of composition that lead to numerically stable algorithms are used for the stiffness matrices of the strips. Dynamic programming and invariant imbedding ideas underlie the construction of such rules of composition. Among other features of interest, the present methodology provides to some extent the analyst's control over the type and quantity of data to be computed. In particular, the one-sweep method presented in Section 9, with no apparent counterpart in standard methods, appears to be very efficient insofar as time and storage is concerned. The paper ends with the presentation of a numerical exampl
Characterization and microhardness of Co-W coatings electrodeposited at different pH using gluconate bath: A comparative study

Electrodeposition of Co–W alloy coatings has been carried out with DC and PC using gluconate bath at different pH. These coatings are characterized for their structure,\ud
morphology and chemical composition by XRD, FESEM, DSC and XPS. Alloy coatings plated at pH8 are crystalline, whereas coatings electrodeposited at pH5 are nanocrystalline in nature. XPS studies have demonstrated that as-deposited alloy plated at pH8 with DC contain only Co2+ and W6+ species, whereas that alloy plated at pH5 has significant amount of Co0 and W0 along with Co2+ and W6+ species. Again, Co2+ and W6+ are main species in all as-deposited PC plated alloys in both pH. Co0 concentration increases upon successive sputtering of all alloy coatings. In contrast, mainly W6+ species is detected in the following layers of all alloys plated with PC. Alloys plated at pH5 shows higher microhardness compared to their pH8 counterparts
MoKCa database - mutations of kinases in cancer

Members of the protein kinase family are amongst the most commonly mutated genes in human cancer, and both mutated and activated protein kinases have proved to be tractable targets for the development of new anticancer therapies The MoKCa database (Mutations of Kinases in Cancer, http://strubiol.icr.ac.uk/extra/mokca) has been developed to structurally and functionally annotate, and where possible predict, the phenotypic consequences of mutations in protein kinases implicated in cancer. Somatic mutation data from tumours and tumour cell lines have been mapped onto the crystal structures of the affected protein domains. Positions of the mutated amino-acids are highlighted on a sequence-based domain pictogram, as well as a 3D-image of the protein structure, and in a molecular graphics package, integrated for interactive viewing. The data associated with each mutation is presented in the Web interface, along with expert annotation of the detailed molecular functional implications of the mutation. Proteins are linked to functional annotation resources and are annotated with structural and functional features such as domains and phosphorylation sites. MoKCa aims to provide assessments available from multiple sources and algorithms for each potential cancer-associated mutation, and present these together in a consistent and coherent fashion to facilitate authoritative annotation by cancer biologists and structural biologists, directly involved in the generation and analysis of new mutational data
The process of burnout among high-performance sport coaches

Avhandling (doktorgrad) - Norges idrettshøgskole, 2015Introduction: High-performance coaches have a highly demanding job and they work inconvenient work hours (e.g., Olusoga et al., 2009; Thelwell et al., 2008b). They are also described as highly motivated for their sport and job (McLean et al., 2012). This combination can put them at risk of experiencing burnout (Pines, 1993). Burnout is a work-related syndrome that develops over time and is characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, and a reduced personal accomplishment (Maslach & Schaufeli, 1993). As of today, longitudinal research conducted to better understand the burnout process within this population is scarce. Aim: Examine (a) whether high-performance coaches experience an increase in burnout over a competitive season and explore associated symptoms, (b) whether the selfdetermination theory process model (Williams et al., 2004) could be a valuable framework to better understand the process of burnout, where both motivational and workload related variables serve as explanatory mechanisms.Paper I: Bentzen, M., Lemyre, P. N., & Kenttä, G. (2015a). The process of burnout among professional sport coaches explored through the lens of Self-determination theory: A qualitative approach. Sports Coaching Review, 1-16. doi:10.1080/21640629.2015.1035050Paper II: Bentzen, M., Lemyre, P. N., & Kenttä, G. (in press a). Changes in motivation and burnout indices in high-performance coaches over the course of a competitive season. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. doi: 10.1080/10413200.2015.1053160.Paper III: Bentzen, M., Lemyre, P. N., & Kenttä, G. (in press b). Development of exhaustion for high performance coaches in association with workload and motivation: A person-centered approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.06.004.Paper IV: Bentzen, M., Lemyre, P. N., & Kenttä, G. (2015b). Ability to meet recovery demands explain differences in burnout in high-performance coaches. In review.Seksjon for coaching og psykologi / Department of Coaching and Psycholog
Behavioral evidence for left-hemisphere specialization of motor planning

Contains fulltext :
                  95670.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Recent studies suggest that the left hemisphere is dominant for the planning of motor actions. This left-hemisphere specialization hypothesis was proposed in various lines of research, including patient studies, motor imagery studies, and studies involving neurophysiological techniques. However, most of these studies are primarily based on experiments involving right-hand-dominant participants. Here, we present the results of a behavioral study with left-hand-dominant participants, which follows up previous work in right-hand-dominant participants. In our experiment, participants grasped CD casings and replaced them in a different, pre-cued orientation. Task performance was measured by the end-state comfort effect, i.e., the anticipated degree of physical comfort associated with the posture that is planned to be adopted at movement completion. Both left- and right-handed participants showed stronger end-state comfort effects for their right hand compared to their left hand. These results lend behavioral support to the left-hemisphere-dominance motion-planning hypothesis
Life history and production of Caenis luctuosa (Burmeister) (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae) in two nearby reaches along a small stream

Population dynamics and production of C. luctuosa were compared in two reaches of the Agüera stream (northern Spain). This species showed univoltine winter life history in both sites. However, the start of the recruitment period, and the cohort production interval differed in 1 month between reaches. Secondary production of C. luctuosa ranged from 76 mg m-2 year-1 (upper site) to 93 mg m-2 year-1 (lower site). Although annual production seemed to be mainly influenced by the biomass found at each site, changes in life history may have also been important. The need to have accurate information about life history of the analysed species at the study sites when assessing secondary production is highlighted.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101191870833
The effect of macrofauna, meiofauna and microfauna on the degradation of Spartina maritima detritus from a salt marsh area

Decomposition of salt marsh plants results from physical, chemical and biological processes including abiotic and biotic
fragmentation, microbial decay and chemical transformation. According to literature data, only a few species have the ability to feed directly
on living plant material, so fungi and bacteria seem to be the principal competitors for the organic substrates. Nevertheless, by consuming
bacteria, protists and fungi associated to the detritus, macrofauna and meiofauna recycle the incorporated nutrients. Moreover, this nutrient
regeneration may be seen as an effective factor in maintaining and stimulating bacterial production. In fact, it is well known that many detritus
feeding species have very low assimilation efficiencies. The objective of the present study was to compare the nutrient mass balance of carbon;
nitrogen and phosphorus in Spartina maritima covered areas and bare bottom sediment, with and without contribution of macrofauna, meiofauna
and microbial populations. Nutrients mass balance was studied taking into account the initial and final nutrient concentrations in the sediment,
water and plant material. Faunal activity was measured as a function of remineralised carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The experimental set-up
included sixteen sub-experiments, which varied with respect to type of fauna, plant biomass and oxic status. Each sub-experiment was
performed in small glass containers (3 L) containing about 900 g wwt sediment and 2.5 L estuarine water. Plant material, cut from intact plants,
sediment cores and estuarine water were brought from the southern arm of the Mondego estuary (Portugal). The results showed that although
the bacterial activity was responsible for the Spartina maritima degradation, the presence of meiofauna and macrofauna significantly enhanced
the process. Moreover, the presence of Spartina maritima positively affected the mineralisation of the sediment carbon and nitrogen, especially
when the three faunal components were present, and denitrification rates were highest in the presence of the macrofauna and meiofauna. The
present study suggests that macrofauna and meiofauna have an important role on the ecosystem nutrient flux and that fauna might function as
a sink for excess nutrients, that otherwise could be exported to the coastal watershttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00141-
Left-right symmetry and neutrino stability

We consider a left-right symmetric model in which neutrinos acquire mass due to the spontaneous violation of both the gauged B-L and a global U(1) symmetry broken by the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of a gauge singlet scalar boson \VEV{\sigma}. For suitable choices of \VEV{\sigma} consistent with all laboratory and astrophysical observations neutrinos will be unstable against majoron emission. All neutrino masses in the keV to MeV range are possible, since the expected neutrino decay lifetimes can be short enough to dilute their relic density below the cosmologically required level. A wide variety of possible new phenomena, associated to the presence of left-right symmetry and/or the global symmetry at the TeV scale, could therefore be observable, without conflict with cosmology. The latter includes the possibility of invisibly decaying higgs bosons, which can be searched at LEP, NLC and LHC
Qualitative properties of scalar-tensor theories of Gravity

The qualitative properties of spatially homogeneous stiff perfect fluid and minimally coupled massless scalar field models within general relativity are discussed. Consequently, by exploiting the formal equivalence under conformal transformations and field redefinitions of certain classes of theories of gravity, the asymptotic properties of spatially homogeneous models in a class of scalar-tensor theories of gravity that includes the Brans-Dicke theory can be determined. For example, exact solutions are presented, which are analogues of the general relativistic Jacobs stiff perfect fluid solutions and vacuum plane wave solutions, which act as past and future attractors in the class of spatially homogeneous models in Brans-Dicke theory
Pure Spinors, Free Differential Algebras, and the Supermembrane

The lagrangian formalism for the supermembrane in any 11d supergravity
background is constructed in the pure spinor framework. Our gauge-fixed action
is manifestly BRST, supersymmetric, and 3d Lorentz invariant. The relation
between the Free Differential Algebras (FDA) underlying 11d supergravity and
the BRST symmetry of the membrane action is exploited. The "gauge-fixing" has a
natural interpretation as the variation of the Chevalley cohomology class
needed for the extension of 11d super-Poincare' superalgebra to M-theory FDA.
We study the solution of the pure spinor constraints in full detail.Comment: 38 pp. Late
Spectra in Standard-like Z_3 Orbifold Models

General features of the spectra of matter states in all 175 models found in a previous work by the author are discussed. Only twenty patterns of representations are found to occur. Accomodation of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) spectrum is addressed. States beyond those contained in the MSSM and nonstandard hypercharge normalization are shown to be generic, though some models do allow for the usual hypercharge normalization found in SU(5) embeddings of the Standard Model gauge group. The minimum value of the hypercharge normalization consistent with accomodation of the MSSM is determined for each model. In some cases, the normalization can be smaller than that corresponding to an SU(5) embedding of the Standard Model gauge group, similar to what has been found in free fermionic models. Bizzare hypercharges typically occur for exotic states, allowing for matter which does not occur in the decomposition of SU(5) representations---a result which has been noted many times before in four-dimensional string models. Only one of the twenty patterns of representations, comprising seven of the 175 models, is found to be without an anomalous U(1). The sizes of nonvanishing vacuum expectation values induced by the anomalous U(1) are studied. It is found that large radius moduli stabilization may lead to the breakdown of sigma-model perturbativity. Various quantities of interest in effective supergravity model building are tabulated for the set of 175 models. In particular, it is found that string moduli masses appear to be generically quite near the gravitino mass. String scale gauge coupling unification is shown to be possible, albeit contrived, in an example model. The intermediate scales of exotic particles are estimated and the degree of fine-tuning is studied
Architecture of optimal transport networks

We analyze the structure of networks minimizing the global resistance to flow
(or dissipated energy) with respect to two different constraints: fixed total
channel volume and fixed total channel surface area. First, we determine the
shape of channels in such optimal networks and show that they must be straight
with uniform cross-sectional areas. Then, we establish a relation between the
cross-sectional areas of adjoining channels at each junction. Indeed, this
relation is a generalization of Murray's law, originally established in the
context of local optimization. Moreover, we establish a relation between angles
and cross-sectional areas of adjoining channels at each junction, which can be
represented as a vectorial force balance equation, where the force weight
depends on the channel cross-sectional area. A scaling law between the minimal
resistance value and the total volume or surface area value is also derived
from the analysis. Furthermore, we show that no more than three or four
channels meet in one junction of optimal bi-dimensional networks, depending on
the flow profile (e.g.: Poiseuille-like or plug-like) and the considered
constraint (fixed volume or surface area). In particular, we show that sources
are directly connected to wells, without intermediate junctions, for minimal
resistance networks preserving the total channel volume in case of plug flow
regime. Finally, all these results are illustrated with a simple example, and
compared with the structure of natural networks