pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Florbetaben PET imaging to detect amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer disease: Phase 3 study

Background

Evaluation of brain β-amyloid by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.

Methods

Open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 3 study to validate the 18F-labeled β-amyloid tracer florbetaben by comparing in vivo PET imaging with post-mortem histopathology.

Results

Brain images and tissue from 74 deceased subjects (of 216 trial participants) were analyzed. Forty-six of 47 neuritic β-amyloid-positive cases were read as PET positive, and 24 of 27 neuritic β-amyloid plaque-negative cases were read as PET negative (sensitivity 97.9% [95% confidence interval or CI 93.8–100%], specificity 88.9% [95% CI 77.0–100%]). In a subgroup, a regional tissue-scan matched analysis was performed. In areas known to strongly accumulate β-amyloid plaques, sensitivity and specificity were 82% to 90%, and 86% to 95%, respectively.

Conclusions

Florbetaben PET shows high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of histopathology-confirmed neuritic β-amyloid plaques and may thus be a valuable adjunct to clinical diagnosis, particularly for the exclusion of AD
Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene with tetraphenylporphyrins: stability and optical properties from ab initio calculations

The stability, electronic and optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene noncovalently functionalized with free-base tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) molecules is addressed by density functional theory calculations, including corrections to dispersive interactions. We study the TPP physisorption on 42 CNT species, particularly those with chiral indices (n,m), where 5≤n≤12 and 0≤m≤n. Our results show a quite strong π-π interaction between TPP and the CNT surface, with binding energies ranging from 1.1 to 1.8 eV, where higher energies can be associated with increasing CNT diameters. We also find that the TPP optical absorptions would not be affected by the CNT diameter or chirality. Results for the TPP physisorption on graphene show a remarkable stability with binding energy of 3.2 eV, inducing a small redshift on the π-stacked TPP absorption bands. The strong graphene-TPP interaction also induces a charge transfer from TPP to graphene, indicating a n-type doping mechanism without compromising the graphene structure
ALMA reveals a warm and compact starburst around a heavily obscured supermassive black hole at z = 4.75

International audienceWe report ALMA Cycle 0 observations at 1.3 mm of LESS J033229.4-275619 (XID403), an ultraluminous infrared galaxy at z = 4.75 in the Chandra Deep Field South hosting a Compton-thick QSO. The source is not resolved in our data at a resolution of ~0.75 arcsec, placing an upper-limit of 2.5 kpc to the half-light radius of the continuum emission from heated-dust. After deconvolving for the beam size, however, we found a ~3σ indication of an intrinsic source size of 0.27 ± 0.08 arcsec (Gaussian FWHM), which would correspond to rhalf ~ 0.9 ± 0.3 kpc. We build the far-infrared SED of XID403 by combining datapoints from both ALMA and Herschel and fit it with a modified blackbody spectrum. For the first time, we measure the dust temperature Td = 58.5 ± 5.3 K in this system, which is comparable to what has been observed in other high-z submillimeter galaxies. The measured star formation rate is SFR = 1020 ± 150 M⊙ yr-1, in agreement with previous estimates at lower S/N. Based on the measured SFR and source size, we constrain the SFR surface density to be ΣSFR > 26M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2 (~200M⊙ yr-1 kpc-2 for rhalf ~ 0.9 kpc). The compactness of this starburst is comparable to what has been observed in other local and high-z starburst galaxies. If the gas mass measured from previous [CII] and CO(2–1) observations at low resolution is confined within the same dust region, assuming rhalf ~ 0.9 ± 0.3 kpc, this would produce a column density of NH ~ 0.3−1.1 × 1024 cm-2 towards the central SMBH, similar to the column density of ≈1.4 × 1024 cm-2 measured from the X-rays. Then, in principle, if both gas and dust were confined on sub-kpc scales, this would be sufficient to produce the observed X-ray column density without any need of a pc-scale absorber (e.g. the torus postulated by Unified Models). We speculate that the high compactness of star formation, together with the presence of a powerful AGN, likely produce an outflowing wind. This would be consistent with the ~350 km s-1 velocity shift observed between the Lyα emission and the submm lines ([CII], CO(2–1), [NII]) and with the highly-ionized Fe emission line at ~6.9 keV rest-frame tentatively observed in the X-ray spectrum. Finally, our observations show that, besides the mass, star formation rate and gas depletion timescale, XID403 has also the right size to be one of the progenitors of the compact quiescent massive galaxies seen at z ~ 3
“Feeling tipsy”. A project for preventing alcohol-related behaviours

Addressing the issue of prevention from alcohol abuse, the realized project was not built with reference to a typical medical or sanitary perspective on health, but mainly adopting the perspective of developmental and socio-cultural psychology. We were primarily interested in knowing the meanings adolescents attach to their prevailing experiences and their representations of drinking alcohol. We also assumed that adolescents use alcohol to test themselves and to challenge themselves into possible identities. So we designed the survey as an action research, collecting information from participants to the project and discussing the data with them, both on their alcohol representations and their identities conceptions. We will show the main results, in terms of the collected data
The frequency and magnitude of post-glacial explosive eruptions at Volcan Mocho-Choshuenco, southern Chile

Volcan Mocho-Choshuenco (39 degrees 55'S 72 degrees 2'W) is one of the most hazardous volcanoes in Chile's Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ). To better evaluate these hazards, we have reconstructed a high resolution eruption history, the most detailed to date for a volcano in Chile, from detailed field observations and geochemical analyses. Mocho-Choshuenco has experienced ca. 75 post-glacial (<18 ka) explosive eruptions, including three large (volume >= 1 km(3)) Plinian eruptions (Neltume, Pirehueico and Hullo) and a large pyroclastic density current and associated sub-Plinian event (Enco). Poor preservation and lack of exposure made it difficult to distinguish between medial to distal deposits solely on field observations. Instead, deposits have been correlated using a combination of glass chemistry and Fe-Ti oxide compositions. New radiocarbon dates were obtained and integrated with existing dates in a Bayesian age model (OxCal) to constrain the tempo of the volcanism. Based on preserved deposits, we derive a post-glacial eruptive frequency of one explosive eruption every similar to 220 years with the youngest, confirmed eruption from Mocho-Choshuenco in 1864. The total post-glacial volume of tephra erupted is estimated at >= 20 km(3) (ca. 50% with a dacitic or rhyolitic glass composition) with >= 4 km(3) erupted from the monogenetic cones on the flanks, making Mocho-Choshuenco one of the most productive (ca. 1 km(3)/kyr) and active volcanoes in the SVZ during post-glacial times. Many tephra deposits from Mocho-Choshuenco could be preserved in one or more lakes in the region, and have the potential to form regional tephra markers. In particular the Neltume deposits, which are dispersed to the NNE, are found interbedded with tephra deposits from the Villarrica-Quetrupillan-Lanin chain and should be preserved around Sollipulli and Llaima (similar to 140 km NNE of Mocho-Choshuenco). This study highlights how a multi-technique approach enables a complicated tephrostratigraphy to be unravelled so more robust estimates of the past eruptive frequency and size can be determined
L’utilisation combinée des scores GRACE et CRUSADE pour la stratification du risque d’infarctus du myocarde

BACKGROUND:
Risk assessment is fundamental in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), enabling estimation of prognosis.
AIMS:
To evaluate whether the combined use of GRACE and CRUSADE risk stratification schemes in patients with myocardial infarction outperforms each of the scores individually in terms of mortality and haemorrhagic risk prediction.
METHODS:
Observational retrospective single-centre cohort study including 566 consecutive patients admitted for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The CRUSADE model increased GRACE discriminatory performance in predicting all-cause mortality, ascertained by Cox regression, demonstrating CRUSADE independent and additive predictive value, which was sustained throughout follow-up. The cohort was divided into four different subgroups: G1 (GRACE<141; CRUSADE<41); G2 (GRACE<141; CRUSADE≥41); G3 (GRACE≥141; CRUSADE<41); G4 (GRACE≥141; CRUSADE≥41).
RESULTS:
Outcomes and variables estimating clinical severity, such as admission Killip-Kimbal class and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, deteriorated progressively throughout the subgroups (G1 to G4). Survival analysis differentiated three risk strata (G1, lowest risk; G2 and G3, intermediate risk; G4, highest risk). The GRACE+CRUSADE model revealed higher prognostic performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.76) than GRACE alone (AUC 0.70) for mortality prediction, further confirmed by the integrated discrimination improvement index. Moreover, GRACE+CRUSADE combined risk assessment seemed to be valuable in delineating bleeding risk in this setting, identifying G4 as a very high-risk subgroup (hazard ratio 3.5; P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS:
Combined risk stratification with GRACE and CRUSADE scores can improve the individual discriminatory power of GRACE and CRUSADE models in the prediction of all-cause mortality and bleeding. This combined assessment is a practical approach that is potentially advantageous in treatment decision-making
Separation logic for multiple inheritance.

As an extension to Floyd-Hoare logic, separation logic has been used to facilitate reasoning about imperative programs manipulating shared mutable data structures. Recently, it has also been extended to support modular reasoning in Java-like object-oriented languages where only single inheritance is allowed. In this paper we propose an extension of separation logic to support also the reasoning for multiple inheritance in C++ -like languages. To cater for multiple inheritance, we modified the standard storage model for separation logic in a way that the correct reference to a field or a method can be easily determined. On top of this storage model, a set of proof rules are proposed. Our verification system also provides basic support for behavioral subtyping
Noncommutative D-brane and open string in pp-wave background with B-field.

The open string ending on a D-brane with a constant B-field in a pp-wave Ramond–Ramond background is exactly solvable. The theory is controlled by three dimensionful parameters: α′, the mass parameter (RR background times the lightcone momentum) and the B-field. We quantize the open string theory and determine the full noncommutative structure. In particular, we find a fully noncommutative phase space whose noncommutativity depends on all these parameters. The lightcone Hamiltonian is obtained, and as a consequence of the nontrivial commutation relations of the theory, new features of the spectrum are noted. Various scaling limits of the string results are considered. Physical implications are discussed
Search for new phenomena in final states with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum using sqrt(s)=7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

Results are presented of a search for any particle(s) decaying to six or more jets in association with missing transverse momentum. The search is performed using 1.34 fb^-1 of sqrt(s)=7 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector during 2011. Data-driven techniques are used to determine the backgrounds in kinematic regions that require at least six, seven or eight jets, well beyond the multiplicities required in previous analyses. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a supersymmetry model (MSUGRA/CMSSM) where they extend previous constraints
Covariant Hamiltonian representation of Noether's theorem and its
  application to SU(N) gauge theories

We present the derivation of the Yang-Mills gauge theory based on the
covariant Hamiltonian representation of Noether's theorem. As the starting
point, we re-formulate our previous presentation of the canonical Hamiltonian
derivation of Noether's theorem. The formalism is then applied to derive the
Yang-Mills gauge theory. The Noether currents of U(1) and SU(N) gauge theories
are derived from the respective infinitesimal generating functions of the
pertinent symmetry transformations which maintain the form of the Hamiltonian.Comment: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0811.0508,
  arXiv:1205.575
Measurements of the charm jet cross section and nuclear modification
  factor in pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV

The CMS Collaboration presents the first measurement of the differential
cross section of jets from charm quarks produced in proton-lead (pPb)
collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02
TeV, as well as results from charm quark jets in proton-proton (pp) collisions
at sqrt(s) = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. By comparing the yields of the pPb and pp
collision systems at the same energy, a nuclear modification factor for charm
jets from 55 to 400 GeV/c in pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV of R[pA]
= 0.92 +/- 0.07 (stat) +/- 0.11 (syst) is obtained. This is consistent with an
absence of final-state energy loss for charm quarks in pPb collisions. In
addition, the fraction of jets coming from charm quarks is found to be
consistent with that predicted by PYTHIA 6 for pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 2.76
and 5.02 TeV, and is independent of the jet transverse momentum from 55 to 400
GeV/c.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-15-012
  (CMS Public Pages
Eigenfunction expansions of ultradifferentiable functions and ultradistributions in ℝⁿ

We obtain a characterization of ${\mathcal S}^{\{M_p\}}_{\{M_p\}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $\mathcal {S}^{(M_p)}_{(M_p)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, the general Gelfand-Shilov spaces of ultradifferentiable functions of Roumieu and Beurling type, in terms of decay estimates for the Fourier coefficients of their elements with respect to eigenfunction expansions associated to normal globally elliptic differential operators of Shubin type. Moreover, we show that the eigenfunctions of such operators are absolute Schauder bases for these spaces of ultradifferentiable functions. Our characterization extends earlier results by Gramchev et al. (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 139 (2011), 4361--4368) for Gevrey weight sequences. It also generalizes to $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ recent results by Dasgupta and Ruzhansky which were obtained in the setting of compact manifolds
A new approach for modelling chromospheric evaporation in response to enhanced coronal heating. I. The method

C.D.J. acknowledges the financial support of the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. This project has received funding from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) through the consolidated grant ST/N000609/1 and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 647214).We present a new computational approach that addresses the difficulty of obtaining the correct interaction between the solar corona and the transition region in response to rapid heating events. In the coupled corona, transition region and chromosphere system, an enhanced downward conductive flux results in an upflow (chromospheric evaporation).However, obtaining the correct upflow generally requires high spatial resolution in order to resolve the transition region. With an unresolved transition region, artificially low coronal densities are obtained because the downward heat flux ‘jumps’ across the unresolved region to the chromosphere, underestimating the upflows. Here, we treat the lower transition region as a discontinuity that responds to changing coronal conditions through the imposition of a jump condition that is derived from an integrated form of energy conservation. To illustrate and benchmark this approach against a fully resolved one-dimensional model, we present field-aligned simulations of coronal loops in response to a range of impulsive (spatially uniform) heating events. We show that our approach leads to a significant improvement in the coronal density evolution than just when using coarse spatial resolutions insufficient to resolve the lower transition region. Our approach compensates for the jumping of the heat flux by imposing a velocity correction that ensures that the energy from the heat flux goes into driving the transition region dynamics, rather than being lost through radiation. Hence, it is possible to obtain improved coronal densities. The advantages of using this approach in both one-dimensional hydrodynamic and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations are discussed.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The role of the amygdala during emotional processing in Huntington's disease:From pre-manifest to late stage disease

BACKGROUND: Deficits in emotional processing can be detected in the pre-manifest stage of Huntington's disease and negative emotion recognition has been identified as a predictor of clinical diagnosis. The underlying neuropathological correlates of such deficits are typically established using correlative structural MRI studies. This approach does not take into consideration the impact of disruption to the complex interactions between multiple brain circuits on emotional processing. Therefore, exploration of the neural substrates of emotional processing in pre-manifest HD using fMRI connectivity analysis may be a useful way of evaluating the way brain regions interrelate in the period prior to diagnosis. METHODS: We investigated the impact of predicted time to disease onset on brain activation when participants were exposed to pictures of faces with angry and neutral expressions, in 20 pre-manifest HD gene carriers and 23 healthy controls. On the basis of the results of this initial study went on to look at amygdala dependent cognitive performance in 79 Huntington's disease patients from a cross-section of disease stages (pre-manifest to late disease) and 26 healthy controls, using a validated theory of mind task: "the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test" which has been previously been shown to be amygdala dependent. RESULTS: Psychophysiological interaction analysis identified reduced connectivity between the left amygdala and right fusiform facial area in pre-manifest HD gene carriers compared to controls when viewing angry compared to neutral faces. Change in PPI connectivity scores correlated with predicted time to disease onset (r=0.45, p<0.05). Furthermore, performance on the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test" correlated negatively with proximity to disease onset and became progressively worse with each stage of disease. CONCLUSION: Abnormalities in the neural networks underlying social cognition and emotional processing can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis in Huntington's disease. Connectivity between the amygdala and other brain regions is impacted by the disease process in pre-manifest HD and may therefore be a useful way of identifying participants who are approaching a clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test" is a surrogate measure of amygdala function that is clinically useful across the entire cross-section of disease stages in HD
"Sometimes, it just stops me from doing anything???: A qualitative exploration of epilepsy management in people with intellectual disabilities and their carers

?? 2016. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access funded by Department of Health UK. The version of record, Silvana E. Mengoni, et al., '"Sometmes, it just stops me from doing anything": A qualitative exploration of epilepsy management in people with intellectual disabilities and their carers', Epilepsy & Behavior, Vol. 64, Part A, November 2016, pp. 133-139, first published online 11 October 2016, is available at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.09.029 Published by Elsevier.Epilepsy affects 1 in 5 people with an intellectual disability (ID), but little is known about their experiences of living with epilepsy. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the impact and management of epilepsy in people with ID
Multisensory context portends object memory.

Multisensory processes facilitate perception of currently-presented stimuli and can likewise enhance later object recognition. Memories for objects originally encountered in a multisensory context can be more robust than those for objects encountered in an exclusively visual or auditory context [1], upturning the assumption that memory performance is best when encoding and recognition contexts remain constant [2]. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to provide the first evidence for direct links between multisensory brain activity at one point in time and subsequent object discrimination abilities. Across two experiments we found that individuals showing a benefit and those impaired during later object discrimination could be predicted by their brain responses to multisensory stimuli upon their initial encounter. These effects were observed despite the multisensory information being meaningless, task-irrelevant, and presented only once. We provide critical insights into the advantages associated with multisensory interactions; they are not limited to the processing of current stimuli, but likewise encompass the ability to determine the benefit of one's memories for object recognition in later, unisensory contexts
A multi-contrast MRI study of microstructural brain damage in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate pathological mechanisms underlying brain tissue alterations in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using multi-contrast 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS: Forty-two MCI patients and 77 healthy controls (HC) underwent T1/T2* relaxometry as well as Magnetization Transfer (MT) MRI. Between-groups comparisons in MRI metrics were performed using permutation-based tests. Using MRI data, a generalized linear model (GLM) was computed to predict clinical performance and a support-vector machine (SVM) classification was used to classify MCI and HC subjects.
RESULTS: Multi-parametric MRI data showed microstructural brain alterations in MCI patients vs HC that might be interpreted as: (i) a broad loss of myelin/cellular proteins and tissue microstructure in the hippocampus (p ≤ 0.01) and global white matter (p &lt; 0.05); and (ii) iron accumulation in the pallidus nucleus (p ≤ 0.05). MRI metrics accurately predicted memory and executive performances in patients (p ≤ 0.005). SVM classification reached an accuracy of 75% to separate MCI and HC, and performed best using both volumes and T1/T2*/MT metrics.
CONCLUSION: Multi-contrast MRI appears to be a promising approach to infer pathophysiological mechanisms leading to brain tissue alterations in MCI. Likewise, parametric MRI data provide powerful correlates of cognitive deficits and improve automatic disease classification based on morphometric features