pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Highly improved lattice field-strength tensor

Copyright © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). Submitted to Cornell University’s online archive www.arXiv.org in 2003 by Sundance Bilson-Thompson. Post-print sourced from www.arxiv.org.We derive an O(a^4)-improved lattice version of the continuum field-strength tensor. Discretization errors are reduced via the combination of several clover terms of various sizes, complemented by tadpole improvement. The resulting improved field-strength tensor is used to construct O(a^4)-improved topological charge and action operators. We compare the values attained by these operators as we cool several configurations to self-duality with a previously defined highly-improved action and assess the relative scale of the remaining discretization errors.Sundance O. Bilson-Thompson, Derek B. Leinweber, and Anthony G. Williamshttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622784/description#descriptio
Improvement of the slide culture technique for the assessment of yeast viability

This work aimed to improve the slide culture technique (SCT) for the assessment of yeast viability. Thus, all the steps of the SCT were standardized: a sample of 20 L containing 1 × 105 cells/mL was placed in a ~ 20 × 20 mm YPD agar block and incubated for 1624 h, at 25°C. It was proposed the use of calcofluor white (CFW) to facilitate the microscopic observation of yeast cells. The viability of cell populations in different physiological states (healthy, ethanol stressed and starved cells), assessed by SCT (without or with CFW), did not differ significantly (p < 0.01). In addition, the viability of healthy and ethanol stressed cells determined by the SCT and the standard plate count technique (PCT) did not differ significantly (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the improved SCT is a fast and reliable alternative to PCT for the evaluation of yeast viability in research and in the industry.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the scope of the strategic founding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and the Project RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462). Manuela D. Machado and Catia A. Sousa gratefully acknowledge the post-doctoral (SFRH/BPD/72816/2010) and the doctoral grants (SFRH/BD/101452/2014), from FCT, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measurement of the t \bar t production cross section using events with one lepton and at least one jet in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A measurement of the $t \overline t$ production cross section at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV is presented using proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 $fb^{−1}$, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Final states with one isolated charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least one jet are selected and categorized according to the accompanying jet multiplicity. From a likelihood fit to the invariant mass distribution of the isolated lepton and a jet identified as coming from the hadronization of a bottom quark, the cross section is measured to be $σ_{t \overline t}=888±2,(stat)^{+26}_{−28}(syst)±20(lumi) pb$, in agreement with the standard model prediction. Using the expected dependence of the cross section on the pole mass of the top quark ($m_t$), the value of $m_t$ is found to be 170.6 ± 2.7 GeV
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in root s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in events containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in View the MathML sources=7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in 1.04  fb−11.04  fb−1 of data. Gluino and squark masses below 700 GeV and 875 GeV respectively are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion limit increases to 1075 GeV for squarks and gluinos of equal mass. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with View the MathML sourcetanβ=10, A0=0A0=0 and μ>0μ>0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 950 GeV. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhl, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Letter to the Editor: A comparison of F-region ion velocity observations from the EISCAT Svalbard and VHF radars with irregularity drift velocity measurements from the CUTLASS Finland HF radar

During August 1998, the UK EISCAT special
programme SP-UK-CSUB, which combines operation of both the mainland VHF and
Svalbard UHF incoherent scatter radars, was run for several hours around
magnetic midnight on four consecutive days. The CUTLASS Finland HF coherent
scatter radar was, at these times, operating in a discretionary mode, sounding
on all 16 beams, one at high-time resolution. This study presents a comparison
of the velocities measured by coherent and incoherent techniques during the
SP-UK-CSUB experiments. Agreement, particularly between the ion velocities
measured by the EISCAT Svalbard radar and irregularity drift measurements by the
Finland radar, is remarkable, thereby validating the scientific integrity of
both data sets. This work highlights the substantive contribution to our
understanding of the solar-terrestrial environment which can be made by use in
concert of incoherent and HF coherent scatter radars.<br><br><b>Key words: </b>Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities;
plasma convection; instruments and techniques
A method for modelling coastal erosion risk: the example of Scotland

It is thought that 70% of beaches worldwide are experiencing erosion (Bird in Coastline changes: a global review, Wiley, Hoboken, 1985), and as global sea levels are rising and expected to accelerate, the management of coastal erosion is now a shared global issue. This paper aims to demonstrate a method to robustly model both the incidence of the coastal erosion hazard, the vulnerability of the population, and the exposure of coastal assets to determine coastal erosion risk, using Scotland as a case study. In Scotland, the 2017 Climate Change Risk Assessment for Scotland highlights the threat posed by coastal erosion to coastal assets and the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 requires an Adaptation Programme to address the risks posed by climate change. Internationally, an understanding and adaption to coastal hazards is imperative to people, infrastructure and economies, with Scotland being no exception. This paper uses a Coastal Erosion Susceptibility Model (CESM) (Fitton et al. in Ocean Coast Manag 132:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.08.018 , 2016) to establish the exposure to coastal erosion of residential dwellings, roads, and rail track in Scotland. In parallel, the vulnerability of the population to coastal erosion, using a suite of indicators and Experian Mosaic Scotland geodemographic classification, is also presented. The combined exposure and vulnerability data are then used to determine coastal erosion risk in Scotland. This paper identifies that 3310 dwellings (a value of £524 m) are exposed to erosion, and the Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Index (CEVI) identifies 1273 of these are also considered to be highly vulnerable to coastal erosion, i.e. at high risk. Additionally, the CESM classified 179 km (£1.2 bn worth) of road and 13 km of rail track (£93 m to £2 bn worth) to be exposed. Identifying locations and assets that are exposed and at risk from coastal erosion is crucial for effective management and enables proactive, rather that reactive, decisions to be made at the coast. Natural hazards and climate change are set to impact most on the vulnerable in society. It is therefore imperative that we begin to plan, manage, and support both people and the environment in a manner which is socially just and sustainable. We encourage a detailed vulnerability analysis, such as the CEVI demonstrated here for Scotland, to be included within future coastal erosion risk research. This approach would support a more sustainable and long-term approach to coastal management decisions
An upper limit to the dry merger rate at 〈z〉 ∼0.55

We measure the fraction of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in dynamically close pairs (with projected separation less than 20 h(-1) kpc and velocity difference less than 500 km s(-1)) to estimate the dry merger rate for galaxies with -23 < M(r)(k+e,z=0.2) + 5 log h < -21.5 and 0.45 < z < 0.65 in the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) redshift survey. For galaxies with a luminosity ratio of 1:4 or greater we determine a 5 sigma upper limit to the merger fraction of 1.1% and a merger rate of < 0.8 x 10(-5) Mpc(-3) Gyr(-1) (assuming that all pairs merge on the shortest possible timescale set by dynamical friction). This is significantly smaller than predicted by theoretical models and suggests that major dry mergers do not contribute to the formation of the red sequence at z < 0.7
Analysis of the Wtb vertex from the measurement of triple-differential angular decay rates of single top quarks produced in the t-channel at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The electroweak production and subsequent decay of single top quarks in the t-channel is determined by the properties of the Wtb vertex, which can be described by the complex parameters of an effective Lagrangian. An analysis of a triple-differential decay rate in t-channel production is used to simultaneously determine five generalised helicity fractions and phases, as well as the polarisation of the produced top quark. The complex parameters are then constrained. This analysis is based on 20.2 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The fraction of decays containing transversely polarised W bosons is measured to be f 1 = 0.30 ± 0.05. The phase between amplitudes for transversely and longitudinally polarised W bosons recoiling against left-handed b-quarks is measured to be δ − = 0.002π + 0.017π + 0.016π , giving no indication of CP violation. The fractions of longitudinal or transverse W bosons accompanied by right-handed b-quarks are also constrained. Based on these measurements, limits are placed at 95% CL on the ratio of the complex coupling parameters Re [g R/V L ∈ [−0.12, 0.17] and Im [g R/VL ∈ [−0.07, 0.06]. Constraints are also placed on the ratios |V R/V L| and |g L/V L|. In addition, the polarisation of single top quarks in the t-channel is constrained to be P > 0.72 (95% CL). None of the above measurements make assumptions about the value of any of the other parameters or couplings and all of them are in agreement with the Standard Model
Surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake, central Italy

We present a 1:25,000 scale map of the coseismic surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia normal faulting earthquake, central Italy. Detailed rupture mapping is based on almost 11,000 oblique photographs from helicopter and derived Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry, verified and integrated with field data (7000 measurements). Thanks to the common efforts of the Open EMERGEO Working Group (130 people, 25 research institutions and universities from Europe) we were able to detail a complex and impressive surface faulting pattern with an average strike of N155° and mainly the SW-side down along  20-25 km of the active Mt. Vettore - Mt. Bove fault system. A total cumulative surface rupture length of about 43 km, together with  geometric and kinematic characteristics, were observed and recorded along closely-spaced, parallel or subparallel, overlapping or step-like synthetic and antithetic fault splays of the activated fault system
Pleasure and the Control of Food Intake: An Embodied Cognition Approach to Consumer Self‐Regulation

Consumers try to avoid temptation when exposed to appetizing foods by diverting their attention away from their senses (e.g., sight, smell, mouthfeel) and bodily states (e.g., state of arousal, salivation) in order to focus on their longer term goals (e.g., eating healthily, achieving an ideal body weight). However, when not including sensations in their decision‐making processes, consumers risk depleting their self‐regulatory resources, potentially leading to unhealthy food choices. Conversely, based on the concept of “embodied self‐regulation,” the suggestion is made that considering bodily states may help consumers regulate their food choices more effectively. A new model is proposed that facilitates understanding observed consumer behavior and the success or failure of self‐control in food intake. It is argued that bodily states and sensory information should be considered when modeling consumer behavior and developing health‐related advocacy and communication campaigns. The model proposed here leads to new perspectives on consumer consumption behavior and health policy research and strategies
Does continued participation in STEM enrichment and enhancement activities affect school maths attainment?\ud

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills are very valuable for economic growth. However, the number of young people pursuing STEM learning trajectories in the United Kingdom was lower than the predicted demand during the last decade. Several STEM enrichment and enhancement activities were thus funded by the government, private, and charitable organisations to improve understanding of and raise pupil interest in these subjects. One possible way of measuring the impact of these activities in supporting pupil understanding of maths was to track the proportion of young people obtaining a ‘good’ grade in standardised national tests such as the GCSEs. Attainment is of course only one possible outcome of education but certainly a very important one because students are more likely to continue studying subjects in which they score higher. This makes maths attainment even more important as it is a pre-requisite for admission to STEM degree courses. This longitudinal study makes use of the National Pupil Database to assess the impact of these schemes on maths attainment of participating schools. Following up 300 intervention schools for five years the study shows the intervention group did not do any better than the comparator. The paper suggests further directions for research and offers recommendations for practice
Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Published online 2 May 2017Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 × 10(-21)), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 × 10(-21)) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 × 10(-19)). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.DP Hibar ... BT Baune ... et al. for the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Grou
Kin discrimination allows plants to modify investment towards pollinator attraction.

Pollinators tend to be preferentially attracted to large floral displays that may comprise more than one plant in a patch. Attracting pollinators thus not only benefits individuals investing in advertising, but also other plants in a patch through a 'magnet' effect. Accordingly, there could be an indirect fitness advantage to greater investment in costly floral displays by plants in kin-structured groups than when in groups of unrelated individuals. Here, we seek evidence for this strategy by manipulating relatedness in groups of the plant Moricandia moricandioides, an insect-pollinated herb that typically grows in patches. As predicted, individuals growing with kin, particularly at high density, produced larger floral displays than those growing with non-kin. Investment in attracting pollinators was thus moulded by the presence and relatedness of neighbours, exemplifying the importance of kin recognition in the evolution of plant reproductive strategies
Grassroots innovations in community energy: The role of intermediaries in niche development

Community energy projects are attracting increasing attention as potential sources of innovation to support sustainable energy transitions. Research into ‘grassroots innovations’ like community energy often recognises the difficulties they face in simply surviving let alone in growing or seeding wider change. Strategic niche management theory is potentially helpful here as it highlights the important roles played by ‘intermediary actors’ in consolidating, growing and diffusing novel innovations. This paper presents the first in-depth analysis of intermediary work in the UK community energy sector. New empirical evidence was gathered through interviews with 15 community energy intermediaries and a content analysis of 113 intermediary-produced case studies about community energy projects. Analysis finds intermediaries adopting a variety of methods to try and diffuse generic lessons about context-specific projects, but that trying to coordinate support for local projects that exist amidst very different social and political circumstances is challenging. This is exacerbated by the challenges of building a coherent institutional infrastructure for a sector where aims and approaches diverge, and where underlying resources are uncertain and inconsistent. Applications of relatively simple, growth-oriented approaches like strategic niche management to grassroots innovations need to be reformulated to better recognise their diverse and conflicted realities on the ground
Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at √s = 7  TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of the W +b-jets (W +b+ X and W + b[¯ over b] +X) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb[superscript −1], collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b-jet for both the muon and electron decay modes of the W boson. The W +b-jets cross-section, corrected for all known detector effects, is quoted in a limited kinematic range. Combining the muon and electron channels, the fiducial cross-section for W +b-jets is measured to be 7.1 ± 0.5 (stat) ± 1.4 (syst) pb, consistent with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction, corrected for non-perturbative and double-parton interactions (DPI) contributions, of 4.70 ± 0.09 (stat) [+0.60 over −0.49] (scale) ±0.06 (PDF) ±0.16 (non-pert) [+0.52 over −0.38] (DPI) pb.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Is there still any Tc mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical
  masses in the continuum limit III

The present paper concludes our investigations on the QCD cross-over
transition temperatures with 2+1 staggered flavours and one-link stout
improvement. We extend our previous two studies [Phys. Lett. B643 (2006) 46,
JHEP 0906:088 (2009)] by choosing even finer lattices ($N_t$=16) and we work
again with physical quark masses. The new results on this broad cross-over are
in complete agreement with our earlier ones. We compare our findings with the
published results of the hotQCD collaboration. All these results are confronted
with the predictions of the Hadron Resonance Gas model and Chiral Perturbation
Theory for temperatures below the transition region. Our results can be
reproduced by using the physical spectrum in these analytic calculations. The
findings of the hotQCD collaboration can be recovered by using a distorted
spectrum which takes into account lattice discretization artifacts and heavier
than physical quark masses. This analysis provides a simple explanation for the
observed discrepancy in the transition temperatures between our and the hotQCD
collaborations.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures and 3 table
A curious dialogical logic and its composition problem

Dialogue games are two-player logic games between a Proponent who puts
forward a logical formula A as valid or true and an Opponent who disputes this.
An advantage of the dialogical approach is that it is a uniform framework from
which different logics can be obtained through only small variations of the
basic rules. We introduce the composition problem for dialogue games as the
problem of resolving, for a set S of rules for dialogue games, whether the set
of S-dialogically valid formulas is closed under modus ponens. Solving the
composition problem is fundamental for the dialogical approach to logic;
despite its simplicity, it often requires an indirect solution with the help of
significant logical machinery such as cut-elimination. We give a set N of
dialogue rules that is quite close to a set of rules known to characterize
classical propositional logic, and which is evidently well-justified from the
dialogical point of view, but whose set of dialogically valid formulas is quite
peculiar (and non-trivial). Its peculiarity notwithstanding, the composition
problem for N can be solved directly.Comment: Submitted to ICLA 2011: Indian Conference on Logic and its
  Application