pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Peer-to-peer computing : building supercomputers with Web technologies

Client/Server architecture was first proposed in the late 1980s as an alternative to conventional mainframe systems. Mainframe processing quickly becomes a bottleneck in any information system, but client/server models shift the processing burden to the client computer. Through workload sharing, client/server systems can improve overall efficiency while reducing budgets.  Companies are again searching for ways to improve their processing power without further investment in new hardware and software. Many client computers are idle most of the time, and have unused disk space. The next logical step is to maximise the resources of these computers, and the peer-to-peer (P2P) model is the answer.  A new and simple peer-to-peer model will be introduced in this book. In it, readers will be taught to install peer-to-peer systems which can then manage and distribute the processing power of any number of clients; the size of network can range from two to over a million computers; the software necessary to implement peer-to-peer systems quickly can be downloaded from the book’s website at www.springer.com/1-84628-381-7/  The deployment of web technologies will enable individuals and organisations of all sizes to use computers across a network as though it were a single supercomputer to solve complex problems, and after reading this book, readers will be able to install a peer-to-peer system of any size
Feature group optimization for machinery fault diagnosis based on fuzzy measures

With the development of modern multi-sensor based data acquisition technology often used with advanced signal processing techniques, more and more features are being extracted for the purposes of fault diagnostics and prognostics of machinery integrity. Applying multiple features can enhance the condition monitoring capability and improve the fault diagnosis accuracy. However, an excessive number of features also increases the complexity of the data analysis task and often increases the time associated with the analysis process. A method of bringing some efficiency into this process is to choose the most sensitive feature subset instead. Fuzzy measures are helpful in this regard and have the ability to represent the importance and interactions among different criteria. Based on fuzzy measure theory, a feature selection approach for machinery fault diagnosis is presented in this paper. A heuristic least mean square algorithm is adopted to identify the fuzzy measures using training data set. Shapley values with respect to the fuzzy measures are applied as importance indexes to help choose the most sensitive features from a set of features. Interaction indexes with respect to the fuzzy measures are then employed to remove the redundant features. Vibration signals from a rolling element bearing test rig are used to validate the method. The results show that the proposed feature selection approach based on fuzzy measures is effective for fault diagnosis
A statistical activity cost analysis of the relationship between physical and financial aspects of fixed assets

In this paper, Statistical Activity Cost Analysis (SACA) is used to identify the interaction of mutually dependent physical and financial aspects of a fixed asset-like system configuration. The novelty of the approach is, having established a rational description of the uncertainty inherent in both domains, the analysis of their interaction. Little research to date has investigated the duality of engineering and accounting aspects, in a statistical setting. Our approach is conceptual rather than empirical. We use an illustrative 4-component model, a) to explain the concept of SACA by means of a software demonstration tool, b) to relate financial issues of cost to engineering asset capacity to perform specified tasks, and c) to demonstrate how to produce quantified measures of return and risk, both of which are relevant in areas of life-cycle analysis, budgeting and planning decision-making
Developing strategic asset management leaders through postgraduate education

The modern engineering asset manager is required to develop, operate and maintain engineering assets economically and in a socially responsible and sustainable manner.  Key issues confronting the asset manager of today include taking a strategic life cycle approach to asset management, meeting user requirements and minimising risks.  To achieve this, it is necessary to understand asset life cycle issues including economic analysis and sustainability, be aware of social impacts, understand technological risks and work at the cutting edge of technology.  While undergraduate engineering programs can meet this need to some extent, postgraduate education is often the best approach for learning the principles of strategic life cycle asset management.  This paper discusses one such example of postgraduate engineering education, the Master of Technology Management, offered by the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying at the University of Southern Queensland.  Topics discussed include the rationale for this type of study program, how it addresses the needs of life cycle asset management including risk and innovation management, its approach to learning, and its role in developing strategic technological leaders.  The future role of programs of this type in developing leading asset management professionals is also discussed
Rhythms of social interaction: messaging within a massive online network

We have analyzed the fully-anonymized headers of 362 million messages
exchanged by 4.2 million users of Facebook, an online social network of college
students, during a 26 month interval. The data reveal a number of strong daily
and weekly regularities which provide insights into the time use of college
students and their social lives, including seasonal variations. We also
examined how factors such as school affiliation and informal online friend
lists affect the observed behavior and temporal patterns. Finally, we show that
Facebook users appear to be clustered by school with respect to their temporal
messaging patterns
Pedagogical approaches for online environments

At a time of profound changes in both learning conceptions and the construction of knowledge representations and in their application in real-life and professional situations, there is a huge need to deepen the processes that help us understand collaborative learning in online environments. These environments, due to their advantages, are powerful means for the development of the flexibility of representations and their suitability to practice contexts.
The success of online collaborative activities depends on several aspects, among which can be mentioned their planning and monitoring of learning, bearing in mind the necessity to create a feeling of community and connection among the students seeking to engage in the joint definition of learning objectives.
Therefore, the online environments are a way of expanding the boundaries of human communication and sustaining complex processes of interaction through the networks that make up the virtual classroom.
Apart from admitting the importance of online environments, which goes beyond the development of the themes of online learning and online collaboration, we shall also present some results about student perceptions when exposed to the development of learning activities in online environments, based on research carried out within a doctoral thesis done in the University of Minho.
Collaboration and the ways it develops in new learning communities is one of the main aspects of the above-mentioned study as well as a fundamental means for student learning because in this way they can understand questions, develop arguments and share meanings and conclusions
Self-organizing traffic lights: A realistic simulation

We have previously shown in an abstract simulation (Gershenson, 2005) that
self-organizing traffic lights can improve greatly traffic flow for any
density. In this paper, we extend these results to a realistic setting,
implementing self-organizing traffic lights in an advanced traffic simulator
using real data from a Brussels avenue. On average, for different traffic
densities, travel waiting times are reduced by 50% compared to the current
green wave method.Comment: 12 pages, two figures. An epilogue was added to this chapter for the
  2nd Edition of the boo
A safe space to vent: Conciliation and conflict in distributed teams

This paper considers the nature of conflict in relation to the environments within which distributed teams cooperate. Effective conflict management can bring great benefit to distributed teams, while inadequate conflict resolution strategies can impose significant personal and resource costs. The increased geographical, cognitive and emotional distances between members can stimulate and amplify conflict. Parties may display disinhibited behaviour (flaming) or may be reluctant to accept reconciliatory overtures (low trust). These factors can be attributed to the impact of communication technology on social structures that underlie interaction. Shifting to face-to-face meetings can be impractical or involve prohibitive cost, so it is important to establish how best to deal with conflict in technologically mediated settings. Dispute resolution practitioners (conciliators) have evolved strategies and techniques to construct and regulate "safe-spaces"; settings that are conducive to finding creative solutions to entrenched conflicts. Building on interviews with expert conciliators, we discuss the potential for learning from the structure and constraints of conciliation environments to improve conflict management through technologies
Appropriate Design of Parallel Manipulators

International audienceAlthough parallel structures have found a niche market in many applications such as machine tools, telescope positioning or food packaging, they are not as successful as expected. The main reason of this relative lack of success is that the study and hardware of parallel structures have clearly not reached the same level of completeness than the one of serial structures. Among the main issues that have to be addressed, the design problem is crucial. Indeed, the performances that can be expected from a parallel robot are heavily dependent upon the choice of the mechanical structure and even more from its dimensioning. In this chapter, we show that classical design methodologies are not appropriate for such closed-loop mechanism and examine what alternatives are possible
Drilling polymeric matrix composites

This chapter presents the basics of drilling of polymeric matrix composites\ud
(PMCs). PMCs are becoming widely used in the manufacturing of products where\ud
a high mechanical strength must be accompanied by a low weight. However, the\ud
machining of PMCs implies coping with problems that are not encountered when\ud
machining other materials. Drilling is a particularly critical operation for PMCs\ud
laminates because the large concentrated forces generated can lead to widespread\ud
damage. This damage causes aesthetic problems but, more importantly, may compromise\ud
the mechanical properties of the finished part
Cost of Physical Vehicle Crash Testing

The automotive safety-testing environment currently deploys virtual methods and physical crash testing for new product development and validation in safety testing legislation. Cost benefit analysis of crash testing is considered here by estimating the cost of physical crash testing. This has been achieved via the compilation of detailed process maps and AS-IS analyses of the current physical testing procedures. This leads on to detailed work and cost breakdown structures used in the comparative analysis of cost drivers. The consideration of cost drivers at several stages of the New Product Development process aids Concurrent Engineering. This research considers front and side impact only
A Multi-Fidelity Approach for Supporting Early Aircraft Design Decisions

The QinetiQ Aerospace Consultancy group has been actively developing and applying process automation and optimisation capabilities in support of air vehicle assessment and design for over 20 years. These capabilities have evolved greatly during this timeframe from their initial origins as research activities, into mature capabilities for underpinning decision making in both civil and military air vehicle projects. In parallel the same generic approaches have also found usage in weapons, maritime and motorsport design. In recent years effort has focussed on enhancing a number of different, but complementary, capabilities at QinetiQ, each of which have different advantages and disadvantages, but which together better address the needs of air vehicle assessment and design. These capabilities are linked by a common requirement to assess widely differing characteristics concurrently, in order to model the consequences of design decisions, such as technology and system choices, in terms of the overall impact on an air vehicle project. This paper describes these tools in the context of their use within the Integrated Wing project
IA-Regional-Radio - social network for radio recommendation

International audienceThis chapter describes the functions of a system proposed for the music hit recommendation from social network data base. This system carries out the automatic collection, evaluation and rating of music reviewers, the possibility for listeners to rate musical hits and recommendations deduced from auditor's pro les in the form of regional internet radio. First, the system searches and retrieves probable music reviews from the Internet. Subsequently, the system carries out an evaluation and rating of those reviews. From this list of music hits the system directly allows notation from our application. Finally the system automatically create the record list di used each day depended form the region, the year season, day hours and age of listeners. Our system uses linguistics and statistic methods for classifying music opinions and data mining techniques for recommendation part needed for recorded list creation. The principal task is the creation of popular intelligent radio adaptive on auditor's age and region - IA-Regional-Radio
From Second to Higher Order Tensors in Diffusion-MRI

http://www.springer.com/computer/computer+imaging/book/978-1-84882-298-6Diffusion MRI, which is sensitive to the Brownian motion of molecules, has become today an excellent medical tool for probing the tissue micro-structure of cerebral white matter in vivo and non-invasively. It makes it possible to reconstruct fiber pathways and segment major fiber bundles that reflect the structures in the brain which are not visible to other non-invasive imaging modalities. Since this is possible without operating on the subject, but by integrating partial information from Diffusion Weighted Images into a reconstructed 'complete' image of diffusion, Diffusion MRI opens a whole new domain of image processing. Here we shall explore the role that tensors play in the mathematical model. We shall primarily deal with Cartesian tensors and begin with 2nd order tensors, since these are at the core of Diffusion Tensor Imaging. We shall then explore higher and even ordered symmetric tensors, that can take into account more complex micro-geometries of biological tissues such as axonal crossings in the white matter
The Design of Effective Maintenance Outsourcing Contracts

Recent developments in maintenance planning and\ud
management demonstrate that the establishment of optimized\ud
maintenance policies may drastically improve the\ud
performance and reduce the operating cost of facilities.\ud
However maintenance activities are typically outside of the\ud
core business of production facilities, hence enterprises often\ud
fail to catch the opportunities that may originate by properly\ud
optimized management strategies. A strategic maintenance\ud
management should hence encompass the possibility of\ud
outsourcing maintenance activities to ensure the necessary\ud
perfomance of production systems, while allowing\ud
enterprises to concentrate their resources on their core\ud
activities. In order to be effectively undertaken an\ud
outsourcing strategy must be supported by a proper\ud
performance oriented contract. The present paper aims to\ud
provide an adequate methodology to address such issues and\ud
to define a framework for the definition of the relevant\ud
contract variables such as availability levels, penalty\ud
policies, rewards and service cost. The methodology here\ud
proposed is based upon the evaluation of the expected profit\ud
function of both the outsourcer and the provider, by\ud
performing a trade-off analysis on the basis of the\ud
transaction costs
Hierarchical Markov Random Fields Applied to Model Soft Tissue Deformations on Graphics Hardware

Many methodologies dealing with prediction or simulation of soft tissue deformations on medical image data require preprocessing of the data in order to produce a different shape representation that complies with standard methodologies, such as mass–spring networks, finite element method s (FEM). On the other hand, methodologies working directly on the image space normally do not take into account mechanical behavior of tissues and tend to lack physics foundations driving soft tissue deformations. This chapter presents a method to simulate soft tissue deformations based on coupled concepts from image analysis and mechanics theory. The proposed methodology is based on a robust stochastic approach that takes into account material properties retrieved directly from the image, concepts from continuum mechanics and FEM. The optimization framework is solved within a hierarchical Markov random field (HMRF) which is implemented on the graphics processor unit (GPU See Graphics processing unit )
Encounters and content sharing in an urban village : reading texts through an archaeological lens

Archaeology provides a framework of analysis and interpretation that is useful for disentangling the textual layers of a contemporary lived-in urban space. The producers and readers of texts may include those who planned and developed the site and those who now live, visit and work there. Some of the social encounters and content sharing between these people may be artificially produced or manufactured in the hope that certain social situations will occur. Others may be serendipitous. With archaeology’s original focus on places that are no longer inhabited it is often only the remaining artefacts and features of the built environment that form the basis for interpreting the social relationships of past people. Our analysis however, is framed within a contemporary notion of archaeological artefacts in an urban setting. Unlike an excavation, where the past is revealed through digging into the landscape, the application of landscape archaeology within a present day urban context is necessarily more experiential, visual and based on recording and analysing the physical traces of social encounters and relationships between residents and visitors. These physical traces are present within the creative content, and the built and natural elements of the environment. This chapter explores notions of social encounters and content sharing in an urban village by analysing three different types of texts: the design of the built environment; content produced by residents through a geospatial web application; and, print and online media produced in digital storytelling workshops
Collaborative practices that support creativity in design

Design is a ubiquitous, collaborative and highly material activity. Because of the embodied nature of the design profession, designers apply certain collaborative practices to enhance creativity in their everyday work. Within the domain of industrial design, we studied two educational design departments over a period of eight months. Using examples from our fieldwork, we develop our results around three broad themes related to collaborative practices that support the creativity of design professionals: \ud
\ud
1) externalization, \ud
\ud
2) use of physical space, and; \ud
\ud
3) use of bodies. \ud
\ud
We believe that these themes of collaborative practices could provide new insights into designing technologies for supporting a varied set of design activities. We describe two conceptual collaborative systems derived from the results of our study
On CSP and the Algebraic Theory of Effects

We consider CSP from the point of view of the algebraic theory of effects,
which classifies operations as effect constructors or effect deconstructors; it
also provides a link with functional programming, being a refinement of Moggi's
seminal monadic point of view. There is a natural algebraic theory of the
constructors whose free algebra functor is Moggi's monad; we illustrate this by
characterising free and initial algebras in terms of two versions of the stable
failures model of CSP, one more general than the other. Deconstructors are
dealt with as homomorphisms to (possibly non-free) algebras.
  One can view CSP's action and choice operators as constructors and the rest,
such as concealment and concurrency, as deconstructors. Carrying this programme
out results in taking deterministic external choice as constructor rather than
general external choice. However, binary deconstructors, such as the CSP
concurrency operator, provide unresolved difficulties. We conclude by
presenting a combination of CSP with Moggi's computational {\lambda}-calculus,
in which the operators, including concurrency, are polymorphic. While the paper
mainly concerns CSP, it ought to be possible to carry over similar ideas to
other process calculi
Allocating railway platforms using a genetic algorithm

This is a conference paper. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com and the definitive version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-983-1_33This paper describes an approach to automating railway station platform\ud
allocation. The system uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to find how a station’s resources\ud
should be allocated. Real data is used which needs to be transformed to be\ud
suitable for the automated system. Successful or ‘fit’ allocations provide a solution\ud
that meets the needs of the station schedule including platform re-occupation and\ud
various other constraints. The system associates the train data to derive the station\ud
requirements. The Genetic Algorithm is used to derive platform allocations. Finally,\ud
the system may be extended to take into account how further parameters that are\ud
external to the station have an effect on how an allocation should be applied. The\ud
system successfully allocates around 1000 trains to platforms in around 30 seconds\ud
requiring a genome of around 1000 genes to achieve this
A kernel extension to handle missing data

An extension for univariate kernels that deals with missing values is proposed. These extended kernels are shown to be valid Mercer kernels and can adapt to many types of variables, such as categorical or continuous. The proposed kernels are tested against standard RBF kernels in a variety of benchmark problems showing different amounts of missing values and variable types. Our experimental results are very satisfactory, because they usually yield slight to much better improvements over those achieved with standard methods.Postprint (author’s final draft
Explaining how to play real-time strategy games

Real-time strategy games share many aspects with real situations in domains such as battle planning, air traffic control, and emergency response team management which makes them appealing test-beds for Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning. End-user annotations could help to provide supplemental information for learning algorithms, especially when training data is sparse. This paper presents a formative study to uncover how experienced users explain game play in real-time strategy games. We report the results of our analysis of explanations and discuss their characteristics that could support the design of systems for use by experienced real-time strategy game users in specifying or annotating strategy-oriented behavior