pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Giant dune morphologies and dynamics in a deep continental shelf environment: example of the banc du four (Western Brittany, France)

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of spatio-temporal variability of very large to giant dunes in deep tide dominated environment. Their growth mechanisms and dynamic evolution still remain in debate and constitute a significant scientific challenge in regard to difficulties to achieve accurate measures of migrations. This motivated the realization of three recent swath bathymetry surveys across the wide dune field of the Banc du Four located offshore the western Brittany. The Banc du Four field is composed of more than 500 large dunes exhibiting a great diversity of morphologies ranging from 2D to 3D shapes and reaching the largest sizes of such sedimentary structure ever described (wavelength over 1000 m and height over 30 m). The analysis of the entire ensemble of dune parameters offers the opportunity to discuss the relative influence of forcings and the validity of the equations predicting the bedform geometry in shallow waters. Our results show a good height-spacing power law correlation but do not strike the usual statistical regression observed in previous studies. The steeper positive slope of the equation and the outstanding values of the height parameter reveal the complexity of local hydrodynamic regime, interacting with bed load transport and sediment supply. No clear relationship has been observed between asymmetry and size parameters. Water depth can not be considered as a major factor controlling the size of dunes. Otherwise, the vertical sedimentary variation suggests the action of storm waves on dune crests and the horizontal migration rates of dunes in the eastern field of the Banc du Four were found to range from 3 to 20 m.yr- 1. Such velocities were only mentioned before by Van Landeghem et al. (2012) on deep continental shelves (> 70 m deep) and attest of the still present morphodynamical equilibrium of the large dunes. Furthermore, as was previously found for similar dunes in the Irish Sea, no power-law relationship between dune migration rates and dune size can be deduced. Similarly, no strong correlation is established between migration rates and the degree of asymmetry. Nevertheless, the dune asymmetry can be used to predict the migration direction. As for dimension parameters, the evolution asymmetry depends on the study area and migration rates. More precisely, when the crest lines of dunes form straight lines and their migration rates remain below 8-10 m.yr- 1, the degree of dune asymmetry increases with the migration rate. This trend is reversed for the dunes with higher migration velocities and crests which are sinuous. These results relativize the migratory predictions based on punctual geometrical observations
Iron isotope fractionation in planetary crusts

International audienceWe present new high precision iron isotope data (δ56Fe vs. IRMM-014 in per mil) for four groups of achondrites: one lunar meteorite, 11 martian meteorites, 32 howardite-eucrite-diogenite meteorites (HEDs), and eight angrites. Angrite meteorites are the only planetary materials, other than Earth/Moon system, significantly enriched in the heavy isotopes of Fe compared to chondrites (by an average of +0.12‰ in δ56Fe). While the reason for such fractionation is not completely understood, it might be related to isotopic fractionation by volatilization during accretion or more likely magmatic differentiation in the angrite parent-body. We also report precise data on martian and HED meteorites, yielding an average δ56Fe of 0.00 ± 0.01‰. Stannern-trend eucrites are isotopically heavier by +0.05‰ in δ56Fe than other eucrites. We show that this difference can be ascribed to the enrichment of heavy iron isotopes in ilmenite during igneous differentiation. Preferential dissolution of isotopically heavy ilmenite during remelting of eucritic crust could have generated the heavy iron isotope composition of Stannern-trend eucrites. This supports the view that Stannern-trend eucrites are derived from main-group eucrite source magma by assimilation of previously formed asteroidal crust. These new results show that iron isotopes are not only fractionated in terrestrial and lunar basalts, but also in two other differentiated planetary crusts. We suggest that igneous processes might be responsible for the iron isotope variations documented in planetary crusts
Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

International audienceWe describe for the first time a set of large active thrusts and folds near the foot of the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean, from swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 during the Maradja2/Samra cruise. This active system resumes a previous passive margin and creates growth strata deposition on the limbs of large folds, resulting in the development of perched basins at the foot of the margin since less than ~ 1 Ma. They form a set of overlapping fault segments verging toward the Algerian basin, in a way similar to what has been observed off eastern Algiers on the rupture zone of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Boumerdes earthquake. The horizontal shortening rate across large folds is estimated to be of the order of 1 mm/yr. Although no historical earthquakes are reported here, these fault segments could have been responsible for large (M ~ 7.5) events in the past. This young tectonic system further supports the hypothesis of subduction inception of the Neogene oceanic lithosphere in the context of the Africa–Eurasia convergence
Towards a method for solving partial differential equations by using wavelet packet bases

International audienceIn this paper we present a new methodology based on the wavelet packet concept, in order to define an adaptive method for the approximation of partial differential equations. The wavelet packet framework allows us to define the notion of a minimal basis that has proven to be an efficient procedure for data compression. The purpose here is to take benefit of this compression to represent accurately and economically the solution of a time dependent PDE. The time discretization is a standard multistep scheme. The spacial discretization is defined by inferring a reduced basis for the solution at the new time step, from the knowledge of the previous ones
Bifurcation of magnetic island saturation controlled by plasma viscosity

International audienceTwo nonlinear regimes, depending on the magnetic Prandtl number Prm, are identified for magnetic islands described by resistive MHD equations. The frontier between these two regimes is sharp, and has the characteristics of a phase transition controlled by plasma viscosity. In the low Prm regime, a new form of the so-called flip instability, consisting of a sudden change of the island phase, is identified. Already known in the context of a forcing by external magnetic perturbations and localized current drive, it occurs spontaneously at low Prm. The main characteristics of this new structural instability are described. The low Prm regime is well described by the slab visco-resistive model in the linear phase, and is characterized by both a large saturation of the island and strong nonlinearly driven zonal flows (that do not impact significantly the island dynamics however), while curvature physics strongly impacts the viscous regime
X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron at multimegabar pressures in laser shock experiments

International audienceTaking advantage of the new opportunities provided by x-ray free electron laser (FEL) sources when coupled to a long laser pulse as available at the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), we have performed x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of laser shock compressed iron up to 420 GPa (±50) and 10 800 K (±1390). Visible diagnostics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations were used to infer the thermodynamical conditions along the Hugoniot and the release adiabat. A modification of the pre-edge feature at 7.12 keV in the XANES spectra is observed above pressures of 260 GPa along the Hugoniot. Comparing with ab initio calculations and with previous laser-heated diamond cell data, we propose that such changes in the XANES pre-edge could be a signature of molten iron. This interpretation then suggests that iron is molten at pressures and temperatures higher than 260 GPa (±29) and 5680 K (±700) along the principal Fe Hugoniot
MODELLING COMPRESSIBLE MULTIPHASE FLOWS

International audienceWe give in this paper a short review of some recent achievements within the framework of multiphase flow modeling. We focus first on a class of compressible two-phase flow models, detailing closure laws and their main properties. Next we briefly summarize some attempts to model two-phase flows in a porous region, and also a class of compressible three-phase flow models. Some of the main difficulties arising in the numerical simulation of solutions of these complex and highly non-linear systems of PDEs are then discussed, and we eventually show some numerical results when tackling two-phase flows with mass transfer
Security Amplification against Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks Using Whitening

International audienceIn this paper we introduce a model for studying meet-in-the-middle attacks on block ci-phers, and a simple block cipher construction provably resistant to such attacks in this model. A side-result of this is a proper formalization for an unproven alternative to DESX proposed by Kilian and Rogaway; this construction can now be shown to be sound in our model. Meet-in-the-middle attacks exploit weaknesses in key schedule algorithms, and building constructions resistant to such attacks is an important issue for improving the security of block ciphers. Our construction is generic so that it can be used on top of any block cipher, and it does not require to increase the key-length. We use an exposure resilient function (or ERF) as a building block and we propose a concrete and efficient instantiation strategy based on compression functions
An adaptive algorithm for cohesive zone model and arbitrary crack propagation

International audienceThis paper presents an approach to the numerical simulation of crack propagation with cohesive models for the case of structures subjected to mixed mode loadings. The evolution of the crack path is followed by using an adaptive method: with the help of a macroscopic branching criterion based on the calculation of an energetic integral, the evolving crack path is remeshed as the crack evolves in the simulation. Special attention is paid to the unknown fields transfer approach that is crucial for the success of the computational treatment. This approach has been implemented in the finite element code Z-Set (jointly developed by Onera and Ecole des Mines) and is tested on two examples, one featuring a straight crack path and the other involving a complex crack propagation under critical monotonous loading monotonous
Phase-Transfer Promotion of Hydrodechlorination of Chlorophenoxy-Pesticides over Pd/C and Raney-Ni

Hydrodechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and p-chlorobenzoic acid with hydrogen gas over 5% Pd/C or Raney-Ni was studied in different liquid phase systems: (1) ethanol or ethanol–aqueous KOH; (2) in the multiphase system, composed by an organic phase and aqueous KOH and containing a quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336). Under mild conditions (50 8C and atmospheric pressure of hydrogen) quantitative hydrodechlorination of 2,4,5-T is achieved in 1–4 h over Raney-Ni or Pd/C in the\ud
multiphase system or in the ethanol–aqueous KOH solution. PCP reacts selectively giving the dechlorinated phenolate in several hours in the system made of aqueous KOH (with Raney-Ni or Pd/C) or in several minutes in the presence of a small amount of Aliquat 336 solution in isooctane (1–4 molar% of Aliquat 336), where Aliquat 336 promotes the phase-transfer of polychlorinated anion. The reaction rates versus conditions, process localization, and the role of the ionic liquid environment are discussed
Spatio-temporal evolution of the Choisille River (southern Parisian Basin, France) during the Weichselian and the Holocene as a record of climate trend and human activity in north-western Europe

International audienceThe morpho-sedimentary evolution of the Choisille floodplain (lowland river, catchment: 288 km2), a tributary of the River Loire in the south-western Parisian Basin, was studied through 61 core drillings along eight transects and a geophysical survey located in four stretches of the river: stretches A and B correspond to two sub-catchments, and stretches C and D are in the main valley. Sixty 14C and four OSL datings were obtained, and sediments were analysed on seven reference cores. Eight phases of evolution differing markedly from the evolution of more northern areas in the Parisian Basin and north-western Europe were identified from spatio-temporal distribution of nine lithological facies. The deepest incision phase (1) occurred during the first part of the Weichselian, followed by the deposition of a gravelly-sandy unit (phase 2) during the Middle Pleniglacial, which was deeply incised (phase 3), probably during the Bölling. From the Allerød up to the last third of the Boreal (phase 4), sedimentation was continuously dominated by peaty deposits, with no evidence of either increased hydraulic energy during the Younger Dryas, or of incision during the LateGlacial–Holocene transition. This trend seems to reflect the specificity of the south-western Parisian Basin climate from the Late Weichselian up to the end of the Boreal, due to the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, compared to more northern areas where the climate was more continental. The downstream incision trend during the last third of the Boreal up to the Subatlantic (phases 5 and 6) indicates a sharp increase in precipitation and vegetation cover; the lack of peaty sediments, widespread in north-western Europe, and also of precipitated carbonates frequent in the Parisian Basin, seems to be due to local physiographic characteristics. The main part of the sediment filling, which is principally silty and retrograde, began during the Subatlantic (phase 7 and 8) as a result of deforestation of the plateaux for crop farming. High human-induced sediment yield and storage concealed the possible impacts of climate change on fluvial dynamics: lithological facies change from phase 7 to 8 can only indicate the autogenic morphological evolution of the floodplain in accretion. The non-univocal upstream–downstream variation in the start of phase 7 shows that sediment yield varied in space and time in the catchment, particularly in relation to the agricultural potential of the different areas; this observation could be used to testify human-induced sedimentation in other catchments
Development and origin of the microgranular structure in Latosols of the Brazilian Central Plateau: significance of texture, mineralogy, and biological activity

International audienceBrazilian Latosols are characterized by low activity clay, little horizon differentiation, a weak macrostructure and a strong microgranular structure. The development of the latter that was reported as being possibly related to the fine material mineralogy, location in the landscape, parental material and biological activity is still under discussion. The aim of this study is to discuss the origin of the microgranular structure of Latosols located in the Brazilian Central Plateau. Ten Latosols (L) developed in different parent materials were selected along an approximately 350-km long regional toposequence across the South American Surface (SAS) (L1 to L4) and Velhas Surface (VS) (L5 to L10). The structure of the Latosols was studied in the field and samples of the diagnostic Bw horizons were collected for laboratory analyses. Basic soil characterization was performed on the <2-mm material according to the Brazilian standard procedures. The SiO2, AL2O3, Fe2O3 and TiO2 content was determined after dissolution with 1:1 H2SO4. The microstructure was studied in optical microscopy and electron scanning electron microscopy in thin sections. The results showed a varying compound strong microgranular structure and weak to moderate medium sub-angular blocky structure independently of the landscape position as well as the parental material, except for the Latosol developed on a quartzite. The Latosols were classified as gibbsitic-sexquioxic, kaolinitic non-sesquioxid, or kaolinitic-sesquioxid Latosols but there was no relationship between their composition and the development of the microgranular structure in the Bw horizon. The analyses showed indeed several types of microgranular structure with different proportions but without any relationship with their texture and mineralogy. Actually, the types of microgranular structure appeared to be mainly related to soil bioturbation by termites and eventually secondarily by ants. Thus, the weak macrostructure and strong microgranular structure of the Latosols studied, the little vertical differentiation of the horizons, and the lack of a clear relationship between their landscape position and parent material characteristics would result from long-term biotic action with high probability
Evaluation technique of kinetic parameters for irreversible charge transfer reactions from steady-state voltammograms at microdisk electrodes

An explicit approximate expression for half-wave potentials of irreversible steady-state current-voltage curves at a microdisk electrode was derived from the diffusion equation and the Butler-Volmer equation on the basis of the previous analytical method (J. E. C., 235 (1987) 87). The plot of the half-wave potential, E1/2, against ln(1-exp(-(E1/2- Eo))F/RT)] showed a linear relation with the slope of RT/αF, irrespective of the values of the kinetic parameters, where a is the radius of the electrode and α is the transfer coefficient. Values on the both axis in this plot are readily accessible from the voltammograms. The intercept gave the rate constant. Values of kinetic parameters obtained from the disk model were very close to those from the hemisphere model although there is big difference in current distribution on the two model electrodes
Electrical properties of fullerenol C60(OH)10/Au interface

Electrical properties of the C60(OH)10/Au contact have been studied by measuring its current-voltage characteristics in the temperature range of 300–500 K. The Schottky barrier of the C60(OH)10/Au contact was confirmed to be 0.70±0.020.70±0.02 eV from Arrhenius plots of the current-voltage characteristics measured at various bias voltages as well as various preparation conditions of the C60(OH)10 material. Significant effect of the applied electric field on the barrier height has not been observed in the range of 0.1–2.0 MVm−10.1–2.0 MVm−1. The effects of both the charge transfer from C60 cage to OH groups and the crystallinity of the C60(OH)10 material on the Schottky barrier were discussed on the basis of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analyses
Performance of connected GSO bars

The performance of connected GSO (Gd2SiO5:Ce) bars was investigated using a
	proton beam of 0.6 – 1.0 GeV/c. Single crystals of 20 cm-long GSO with different Ce
	concentrations (1.5 mol%, 0.5 mol%) and cross sections (1 cm × 1 cm , 2 cm × 2 cm)
	were prepared. Long GSO bars were constructed by connecting two crystals of the
	same type with or without a 10 cm-long plastic scintillator between the crystals.
	The position dependences of the pulse height, energy resolution and time resolution
	were investigated. At a typical proton momentum, 1.0 GeV/c, the best energy
	resolution was 4.8% for 2 cm × 2 cm × 20 cm GSO crystals doped with 0.5 mol% Ce due
	to the larger light yield, and the best position resolution was 0.55 cm for 1.5 mol% Ce
	due to the shorter attenuation length
Underlying event characteristics and their dependence on jet size of charged-particle jet events in pp collisions at root(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Distributions sensitive to the underlying event are studied in events containing one or more chargedparticle jets produced in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements reflect 800 μb(-1) of data taken during 2010. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R varying between 0.2 and 1.0. Distributions of the charged-particle multiplicity, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of charged particles, and the average charged-particle p(T) are measured as functions of p(T)(jet) in regions transverse to and opposite the leading jet for 4 GeV < p(T)(jet) < 100 GeV. In addition, the R dependence of the mean values of these observables is studied. In the transverse region, both the multiplicity and the scalar sum of the transverse momentum at fixed p(T)(jet) vary significantly with R, while the average charged- particle transverse momentum has a minimal dependence on R. Predictions from several Monte Carlo tunes have been compared to the data; the predictions from Pythia 6, based on tunes that have been determined using LHC data, show reasonable agreement with the data, including the dependence on R. Comparisons with other generators indicate that additional tuning of soft-QCD parameters is necessary for these generators. The measurements presented here provide a testing ground for further development of the Monte Carlo models
A gamification approach to improve the software development process by exploring the personality of software practitioners

Although there are various kinds of processes designed to manage the complexities of software development, it is still a challenging endeavor. Recently, a significant number of researchers have started to investigate social problems such as incompatibilities with respect to personality that is likely to be encountered in all stages of the software development process. However, there is no computer-based artifact to reveal the personality types of software practitioners. To bridge this gap, a virtual 3D assessment environment is developed with the ability to immerse individuals similar to a realistic model of the assessment. The interactive questionnaire is based on previous interactive personality assessment framework, which was specifically designed for software engineers. Based on the developed tool, a study was conducted on software practitioners. The data gathered via a survey study from software practitioners is analyzed to observe the difference between the results of paper-based and interactive versions of the same assessment. The analysis of this research states that there is a significant difference between the results of participant’s survey scores. Overall, these results indicate that proposed tool is relevant to help software professionals to improve the software development process when personality types are in consideration
Computational understanding and manipulation of symmetries

Attila Egri-Nagy, Chrystopher L Nehaniv, "Computational Understanding and Manipulation of Symmetries", in Chalup S. K., Blair A. D., Randall M. (Eds) Artificial Life and Computational Intelligence ACALCI, First Australasian Conference, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, February 5-7 2015, Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 8955, 2015 ?? Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Final, published version of this paper is available online via doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-14803-8_2For natural and artificial systems with some symmetry structure, computational understanding and manipulation can be achieved without learning by exploiting the algebraic structure. This algebraic coordinatization is based on a hierarchical (de)composition method. Here we describe this method and apply it to permutation puzzles. Coordinatization yields a structural understanding, not just solutions for the puzzles. In the case of the Rubik???s Cubes, different solving strategies correspond to different decompositions