pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The one-loop worldsheet S-matrix for the AdS(n) x S(n) x T(10-2n)
  superstring

We compute the massive-sector worldsheet S-matrix for superstring theories in
AdS(n) x S(n) x T(10-2n) (with n=2,3,5) in the near BMN expansion up to
one-loop order in inverse string tension. We show that, after taking into
account the wave function renormalization, the one-loop S-matrix is UV finite.
In an appropriate regularization scheme the S-matrix is consistent with the
underlying symmetries of the superstring theory, i.e. for the n=3,5 cases it
coincides with the one implied by the light-cone gauge symmetries with the
dressing phases determined from the crossing equations. For the n=2,3 cases we
observe that the massless modes decouple from the one-loop calculation of
massive mode scattering, i.e. the 2n-dimensional supercoset sigma model and the
full 10-dimensional superstring happen to have the same massive one-loop
S-matrix.Comment: 23 pages; v2: typos fixed in (C.2)-(C.4
Half of the Most Luminous Quasars May Be Obscured: Investigating the
  Nature of WISE-Selected Hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies

The WISE mission has unveiled a rare population of high-redshift ($z=1-4.6$),
dusty, hyper-luminous galaxies, with infrared luminosities $L_{\rm IR} >
10^{13}~L_{\odot}$, and sometimes exceeding $10^{14}~L_{\odot}$. Previous work
has shown that their dust temperatures and overall far-IR SEDs are
significantly hotter than expected for star-formation. We present here an
analysis of the rest-frame optical through mid-IR SEDs for a large sample of
these so-called "Hot, Dust-Obscured Galaxies" (Hot DOGs). We find that the SEDs
of Hot DOGs are generally well modeled by the combination of a luminous, yet
obscured AGN that dominates the rest-frame emission at $\lambda > 1\mu\rm m$
and the bolometric luminosity output, and a less luminous host galaxy that is
responsible for the bulk of the rest optical/UV emission. Even though the
stellar mass of the host galaxies may be as large as
$10^{11}-10^{12}~M_{\odot}$, the AGN emission, with luminosities comparable to
those of the most luminous QSOs known, require that either Hot DOGs have black
hole masses significantly in excess of the local relations, or that they
radiate significantly above the Eddington limit. We show that, while rare, the
number density of Hot DOGs is comparable to that of equally luminous but
unobscured (i.e., Type 1) QSOs. This is inconsistent with the trend of a
diminishing fraction of obscured objects with increasing luminosity found for
less luminous QSOs, possibly indicating a reversal in this relation at high
luminosity, and that Hot DOGs are not the torus-obscured counterparts of the
known optically selected, largely unobscured Hyper-Luminous QSOs. Hot DOGs may
represent a different type of galaxy and thus a new component of the galaxy
evolution paradigm. Finally, we discuss the environments of Hot DOGs and show
that these objects are in regions as dense as those of known high-redshift
proto-clusters.(Abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Text and
  figures modified to address referee's comments. 16 pages, 12 figures, 2
  table
Global modes, receptivity, and sensitivity analysis of diffusion flames
  coupled with duct acoustics

In this theoretical and numerical paper, we derive the adjoint equations for
a thermo-acoustic system consisting of an infinite-rate chemistry diffusion
flame coupled with duct acoustics. We then calculate the thermo-acoustic
system's linear global modes (i.e. the frequency/growth rate of oscillations,
together with their mode shapes), and the global modes' receptivity to species
injection, sensitivity to base-state perturbations, and structural sensitivity
to advective-velocity perturbations. We then compare these with the Rayleigh
index. The receptivity analysis shows the regions of the flame where open-loop
injection of fuel or oxidizer will have most influence on the thermo-acoustic
oscillation. We find that the flame is most receptive at its tip. The
base-state sensitivity analysis shows the influence of each parameter on the
frequency/growth rate. We find that perturbations to the stoichiometric mixture
fraction, the fuel slot width, and the heat-release parameter have most
influence, while perturbations to the P\'eclet number have least influence.
These sensitivities oscillate: e.g. positive perturbations to the fuel slot
width either stabilizes or destabilizes the system, depending on the operating
point. This analysis reveals that, as expected from a simple model, the phase
delay between velocity and heat-release fluctuations is the key parameter in
determining the sensitivities. It also reveals that this thermo-acoustic system
is exceedingly sensitive to changes in the base state. The
structural-sensitivity analysis shows the influence of perturbations to the
advective flame velocity. The regions of highest sensitivity are around the
stoichiometric line close to the inlet, showing where velocity models need to
be most accurate.Comment: 27 pages, 18 figure
Level-Rank Duality in Chern-Simons Theory from a Non-Supersymmetric
  Brane Configuration

We derive level-rank duality in pure Chern-Simons gauge theories from a
non-supersymmetric Seiberg duality by using a non-supersymmetric brane
configuration in type IIB string theory. The brane configuration consists of
fivebranes, N D3 antibranes and an O3 plane. By swapping the fivebranes we
derive a 3d non-supersymmetric Seiberg duality. After level shifts from loop
effects, this identifies the IR of Sp(2N)_{2k-2N+2} and Sp(2k-2N+2)_{-2N} pure
Chern-Simons theories, which is a level-rank pair. We also derive level-rank
duality in a Chern-Simons theory based on a unitary group.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Two-proton correlations near midrapidity in $p$ + Pb and S + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS

Correlations of two protons emitted near midrapidity in $p$ + Pb collisions at 450 GeV/c and S + Pb collisions at 200 AGeV/c are presented, as measured by the NA44 Experiment. The correlation effect, which arises as a result of final state interactions and Fermi-Dirac statistics, is related to the space-time characteristics of proton emission. The measured source sizes are smaller than the size of the target lead nucleus but larger than the sizes of the projectiles. A dependence on the collision centrality is observed; the source size increases with decreasing impact parameter. Proton source sizes near midrapidity appear to be smaller than those of pions in the same interactions. Quantitative agreement with the results of RQMD (v1.08) simulations is found for $p$ + Pb collisions. For S + Pb collisions the measured correlation effect is somewhat weaker than that predicted by the model simulations, implying either a larger source size or larger contribution of protons from long-lived particle decays
Nonperturbative dispersive sector in strong (quasi-) Abelian fields

In strong (quasi-)Abelian fields, quantum fluctuations of fermions induce an effective Lagrangian density whose imaginary (absorptive) part is purely nonperturbative and known to be responsible for the fermion-antifermion pair creation. On the other hand, the induced real (dispersive) part has perturbative and nonperturbative contributions. We argue how to separate the two contributions from each other for any strength of the field. We show numerically that the nonperturbative contributions are in general comparable with or larger than the induced perturbative ones. We arrive at qualitatively similar conclusions also for the induced energy density. Further, we investigate numerically the quasianalytic continuation of the perturbative results into the nonperturbative sector, by employing (modified) Borel-Pade. It turns out that in the case at hand, we have to integrate over renormalon singularities, but there is no renormalon ambiguity involved
Black Hole Thermodynamics And Negative Entropy In De Sitter And Anti-de Sitter Einstein-gauss-bonnet Gravity

We investigate the charged Schwarzschild-Anti-deSitter (SAdS) BH thermodynamics in 5d Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with electromagnetic field. The Hawking-Page phase transitions between SAdS BH and pure AdS space are studied. The corresponding phase diagrams (with critical line defined by GB term coefficient and electric charge) are drawn. The possibility to account for higher derivative Maxwell terms is mentioned. In frames of proposed dS/CFT correspondence it is demonstrated that brane gravity maybe localized similarly to AdS/CFT. SdS BH thermodynamics in 5d Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity is considered. The corresponding (complicated) surface counterterms are found and used to get the conserved BH mass, free energy and entropy. The interesting feature of of higher derivative gravity is the possibility for negative (or zero) SdS (or SAdS) BH entropy which depends on the parameters of higher derivative terms. We speculate that negative entropy is indication for some new type instability where transitions between SdS (SAdS) BH with negative entropy to SAdS (SdS) BH with positive entropy occurs
Universality in Two Dimensional Gauge Theory.

We discuss two dimensional Yang -- Mills theories with massless fermions in
arbitrary representations of a gauge group $G$. It is shown that the physics
(spectrum and interactions) of the massive states in such models is independent
of the detailed structure of the model, and only depends on the gauge group $G$
and an integer $k$ measuring the total anomaly. The massless physics, which
does depend on the details of the model, decouples (almost) completely from
that of the massive one. As an example, we discuss the equivalence of QCD$_2$
coupled to fermions in the adjoint, and fundamental representations.Comment: 16 pages, harvma
Topological Sectors and Gauge invariance in massive Vector-Tensor
  Theories in D >=4

A family of locally equivalent models is considered. They can be taken as a
generalization to $d+1$ dimensions of the Topological Massive and ``Self-dual''
models in 2+1 dimensions. The corresponding 3+1 models are analized in detail.
It is shown that one model can be seen as a gauge fixed version of the other,
and their space of classical solutions differs in a topological sector
represented by the classical solutions of a pure BF model. The topological
sector can be gauged out on cohomologically trivial base manifolds but on
general settings it may be responsible of the difference in the long distance
behaviour of the models. The presence of this topological sector appears
explicitly in the partition function of the theories. The generalization of
this models to higher dimensions is shown to be straightfoward.Comment: 15 pages in LaTeX. This is a revised version. The BRST invariant
  covariant effective action and partition function for the 3+1 BF theory are
  explicity calculated, static solutions for special sources of the Proca and
  TM model are included and compared, some references adde
Compactifications of F-Theory on Calabi-Yau Threefolds at Constant
  Coupli ng

Generalizing the work of Sen, we analyze special points in the moduli space
of the compactification of the F-theory on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau
threefolds where the coupling remains constant. These contain points where they
can be realized as orbifolds of six torus $T^6$ by $Z_m \times Z_n (m, n=2, 3,
4, 6)$. At various types of intersection points of singularities, we find that
the enhancement of gauge symmetries arises from the intersection of two kinds
of singularities. We also argue that when we take the Hirzebruch surface as a
base for the Calabi- Yau threefold, the condition for constant coupling
corresponds to the case where the point like instantons coalesce, giving rise
to enhanced gauge group of $Sp(k)$.Comment: 13 pages, Latex, no figures, 1 table, some error in the original
  version correcte
Yang-Mills beta-function from a large-distance expansion of the
  Schroedinger functional

For slowly varying fields the Yang-Mills Schroedinger functional can be
expanded in terms of local functionals. We show how analyticity in a complex
scale parameter enables the Schroedinger functional for arbitrarily varying
fields to be reconstructed from this expansion. We also construct the form of
the Schroedinger equation that determines the coefficients. Solving this in
powers of the coupling reproduces the results of the `standard' perturbative
solution of the functional Schroedinger equation which we also describe. In
particular the usual result for the beta-function is obtained illustrating how
analyticity enables the effects of rapidly varying fields to be computed from
the behaviour of slowly varying ones.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure
Evidence for particle-hole excitations in the triaxial strongly-deformed
  well of ^{163}Tm

Two interacting, strongly-deformed triaxial (TSD) bands have been identified
in the Z = 69 nucleus ^{163}Tm. This is the first time that interacting TSD
bands have been observed in an element other than the Z = 71 Lu nuclei, where
wobbling bands have been previously identified. The observed TSD bands in
^{163}Tm appear to be associated with particle-hole excitations, rather than
wobbling. Tilted-Axis Cranking (TAC) calculations reproduce all experimental
observables of these bands reasonably well and also provide an explanation for
the presence of wobbling bands in the Lu nuclei, and their absence in the Tm
isotopes.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Functional Expression Cloning of Nanog, a Pluripotency Sustaining Factor in Embryonic Stem Cells.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells undergo extended proliferation while remaining poised for\ud
multilineage differentiation. A unique network of transcription factors may\ud
characterize self-renewal and simultaneously suppress differentiation. We applied\ud
expression cloning in mouse ES cells to isolate a self-renewal determinant. Nanog is a\ud
divergent homeodomain protein that directs propagation of undifferentiated ES cells.\ud
Nanog mRNA is present in pluripotent mouse and human cell lines, and absent from\ud
differentiated cells. In preimplantation embryos, Nanog is restricted to founder cells\ud
from which ES cells can be derived. Endogenous Nanog acts in parallel with cytokine\ud
stimulation of Stat3 to drive ES cell self-renewal. Elevated Nanog expression from\ud
transgene constructs is sufficient for clonal expansion of ES cells, bypassing Stat3 and\ud
maintaining Oct4 levels. Cytokine dependence, multilineage differentiation, and\ud
embryo colonization capacity are fully restored upon transgene excision. These\ud
findings establish a central role for Nanog in the transcription factor hierarchy that\ud
defines ES cell identity
Extremal dichotomy for uniformly hyperbolic systems

We consider the extreme value theory of a hyperbolic toral automorphism $T:
\mathbb{T}^2 \to \mathbb{T}^2$ showing that if a H\"older observation $\phi$
which is a function of a Euclidean-type distance to a non-periodic point
$\zeta$ is strictly maximized at $\zeta$ then the corresponding time series
$\{\phi\circ T^i\}$ exhibits extreme value statistics corresponding to an iid
sequence of random variables with the same distribution function as $\phi$ and
with extremal index one. If however $\phi$ is strictly maximized at a periodic
point $q$ then the corresponding time-series exhibits extreme value statistics
corresponding to an iid sequence of random variables with the same distribution
function as $\phi$ but with extremal index not equal to one. We give a formula
for the extremal index (which depends upon the metric used and the period of
$q$). These results imply that return times are Poisson to small balls centered
at non-periodic points and compound Poisson for small balls centered at
periodic points.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Antihyperon potentials in nuclei via exclusive antiproton-nucleus
  reactions at FAIR

The exclusive production of hyperon-antihyperon pairs close to their
production threshold in antiproton - nucleus collisions offers a unique and
hitherto unexplored opportunity to elucidate the behaviour of antihyperons in
nuclei. For the first time we analyse these reactions in a microscopic
transport model using the the Gie\ss en Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport
model. The calculation take the delicate interplay between the strong
absorption of antihyperons, their rescattering and refraction at the nuclear
surface as well as the Fermi motion of the struck nucleon into account. We find
a substantial sensitivity of transverse momentum correlations of coincident
$\Lambda\overline{\Lambda}$-pairs to the assumed depth of the
$\overline{\Lambda}$-potential. Because of the high cross section for this
process and the simplicity of the experimental method our results are highly
relevant for future activities at the international Facility for Antiproton and
Ion Research (FAIR)
Building Efficient and Compact Data Structures for Simplicial Complexes

The Simplex Tree (ST) is a recently introduced data structure that can
represent abstract simplicial complexes of any dimension and allows efficient
implementation of a large range of basic operations on simplicial complexes. In
this paper, we show how to optimally compress the Simplex Tree while retaining
its functionalities. In addition, we propose two new data structures called the
Maximal Simplex Tree (MxST) and the Simplex Array List (SAL). We analyze the
compressed Simplex Tree, the Maximal Simplex Tree, and the Simplex Array List
under various settings.Comment: An extended abstract appeared in the proceedings of SoCG 201
Search for the production of dark matter in association with top-quark
  pairs in the single-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)
  = 8 TeV

A search is presented for particle dark matter produced in association with a
pair of top quarks in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8
TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to
an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. This search requires the
presence of one lepton, multiple jets, and large missing transverse energy. No
excess of events is found above the SM expectation, and upper limits are
derived on the production cross section. Interpreting the findings in the
context of a scalar contact interaction between fermionic dark matter particles
and top quarks, lower limits on the interaction scale are set. These limits are
also interpreted in terms of the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections
for the spin-independent scalar operator and they complement direct searches
for dark matter particles in the low mass region.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Resurgence of the Cusp Anomalous Dimension

We revisit the strong coupling limit of the cusp anomalous dimension in
planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. It is known that the strong coupling
expansion is asymptotic and non-Borel summable. As a consequence, the cusp
anomalous dimension receives non-perturbative corrections, and the complete
strong coupling expansion should be a resurgent transseries. We reveal that the
perturbative and non-perturbative parts in the transseries are closely
interrelated. Solving the Beisert-Eden-Staudacher equation systematically, we
analyze in detail the large order behavior in the strong coupling perturbative
expansion and show that the non-perturbative information is indeed encoded
there. An ambiguity of (lateral) Borel resummations of the perturbative
expansion is precisely canceled by the contributions from the non-perturbative
sectors,Comment: 42 pages, 3 figure
Partitioning orthogonal polygons into at most 8-vertex pieces, with
  application to an art gallery theorem

We prove that every simply connected orthogonal polygon of $n$ vertices can
be partitioned into $\left\lfloor\frac{3 n +4}{16}\right\rfloor$ (simply
connected) orthogonal polygons of at most 8 vertices. It yields a new and
shorter proof of the theorem of A. Aggarwal that $\left\lfloor\frac{3 n
+4}{16}\right\rfloor$ mobile guards are sufficient to control the interior of
an $n$-vertex orthogonal polygon. Moreover, we strengthen this result by
requiring combinatorial guards (visibility is only required at the endpoints of
patrols) and prohibiting intersecting patrols. This yields positive answers to
two questions of O'Rourke. Our result is also a further example of the
"metatheorem" that (orthogonal) art gallery theorems are based on partition
theorems.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure
A study of marine benthic algae along a natural carbon dioxide gradient

Some chapters of this thesis were prepared as papers and have now been published:            
Johnson VR, Brownlee, C, Rickaby REM, Graziano M, Milazzo M & Hall-Spencer, JM (2012a) Responses of marine benthic microalgae to elevated CO2. Marine Biology, DOI: 10.1007/s00227-011-1840-2,                     
Johnson VR, Russell BD, Fabricius KF, Brownlee C, Hall-Spencer JM (2012b). Temperate and tropical brown macroalgae thrive, despite decalcification, along natural CO2 gradients. Global Change Biology 18: 2792-2803.  


Some of the data within this thesis also contributes in part to the following publications:              
Lidbury I, Johnson VR, Hall-Spencer JM, Munn CB, Cunliffe M (2012) Community-level response of coastal microbial biofilms to ocean acidification in a natural carbon dioxide vent system. Marine Pollution Bulletin, DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.011,      
Suggett DJ, Hall-Spencer JM, Rodolfo-Metalpa R, Boatman TG, Payton R, Pettay T, Johnson VR, Warner ME, Lawson T (2012) Sea anemones may thrive in a high CO2 world. Global Change Biology. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02767.xIncreasing atmospheric CO2 is causing unprecedented changes in seawater chemistry, yet the uncertainty of the ecological response to these projected changes, termed ‘ocean acidification’, remains considerable at present. To predict the effects of these changes, we need to improve our understanding of the responses of marine primary producers since these drive biogeochemical cycles and determine the structure and function of benthic habitats. The majority of experiments on the effects of ocean acidification on photoautrophs to date have mainly focused on oceanic microalgae, leaving benthic assemblages largely overlooked. Carbon dioxide vents are providing a means for examining and predicting the impacts of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems. In this thesis a temperate CO2 volcanic vent gradient was used to investigate the responses of benthic microalgal assemblages (periphyton, epilithic, epipelic, epipsammic and endolithic) and macroalgae (a calcified phaeophyte, crustose coralline algae and turf algae) to increasing pCO2. The photosynthetic standing crop of microphytobenthic assemblages increased significantly with elevations in CO2 indicating that the productivity of shallow water habitats may be promoted over the course of this century. Some benthic diatoms appear to benefit in naturally CO2 enriched environments whilst benthic cyanobacteria in this study appear to be relatively insensitive to the levels of increase predicted for this century. Dramatic shifts in epilithic macroalgae assemblages were observed along the CO2 gradient and a calcified phaeophyte was revealed as an unexpected ecological winner under ocean acidification scenarios. These observations suggest that benthic algal assemblages have the potential to dramatically alter as CO2 levels continue to rise; this would have profound consequences for the structure and function of benthic ecosystems