pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Secular-and merger-built bulges in barred galaxies

This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science, project AYA 2010-21887-C04-04. J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). V.P.D. is supported by STFC Consolidated grant #ST/J001341/1. E.M.C. acknowledges financial support from Padua University by the grants 60A02-5052/11, 60A02-4807/12, and 60A02-5857/13.Context. Historically, galaxy bulges were thought to be single-component objects at the center of galaxies. However, this picture is now questioned since different bulge types with different formation paths, namely classical and pseudobulges, have been found coexisting within the same galaxy. Aims. We study the incidence and nature of composite bulges in a sample of 10 face-on barred galaxies to constrain the formation and evolutionary processes of the central regions of disk galaxies. Methods. We analyze the morphological, photometric, and kinematic properties of each bulge. Then, by using a case-by-case analysis we identify composite bulges and classify every component into a classical or pseudobulge. In addition, bar-related boxy/peanut (B/P) structures were also identified and characterized. Results. We find only three galaxies hosting a single-component bulge (two pseudobulges and one classical bulge). Thus, we demonstrate the high incidence of composite bulges (70%) in barred galaxies. We find evidence of composite bulges coming in two main types based on their formation: secular-built and merger-and secular-built. We denote as secular-built those composite bulges that are made up of structures associated with secular processes, such as pseudobulges, central disks, or B/P bulges. We find four composite bulges of this kind in our sample. On the other hand, merger-and secular-built bulges are those where structures with different formation paths coexist within the same galaxy, i. e., a classical bulge coexisting with a secular-built structure (pseudobulge, central disk, or B/P). Three bulges of this kind were found in the sample. We notice the importance of detecting kinematic structures such as s-drops to identify composite bulges. A high percentage ( 80%) of galaxies were found to host s-drops or s-plateaus in our sample, revealing their high incidence in barred galaxies. Conclusions. The high frequency of composite bulges in barred galaxies points toward a complex formation and evolutionary scenario. Moreover, the evidence of coexisting merger-and secular-built bulges reinforce this idea. We discuss how the presence of different bulge types with different formation histories and timescales can constrain current models of bulge formation.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at â\u88\u9as = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 to 4.8 fb-1. Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged muon or Ï\u84 lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, Ï\u86, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters mA and tan Î² in the mhmax scenario for mA in the range of 90GeV to 500 GeV. Copyright CERN
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model in pp collisions at sqrts=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1) to 4.8 fb(-1). Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged in muon or tau lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, phi, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters m(A) and tan beta in the m(h)(max) scenario for m(A) in the range of 90 GeV to 500 GeV
Search for direct slepton and gaugino production in final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrts=7 TeV

A search for the electroweak pair production of charged sleptons and weak gauginos decaying into final states with two leptons is performed using 4.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excesses are observed with respect to the prediction from Standard Model processes. In the scenario of direct slepton production, if the sleptons decay directly into the lightest neutralino, left-handed slepton masses between 85 and 195 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for a 20 GeV neutralino. Chargino masses between 110 and 340 GeV are excluded in the scenario of direct production of wino-like chargino pairs decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate on-shell charged slepton for a 10 GeV neutralino. The results are also interpreted in the framework of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric Standard Model
Haldane-Shastry spin chains of BCN type

We introduce four types of SU(2M + 1) spin chains which can be regarded as the BCN versions of the celebrated Haldane-Shastry chain. These chains depend on two free parameters and, unlike the original Haldane-Shastry chain, their sites need not be equally spaced. We prove that all four chains are solvable by deriving an exact expression for their partition function using Polychronakos's "freezing trick". From this expression we deduce several properties of the spectrum, and advance a number of conjectures that hold for a wide range of values of the spin M and the number of particles. In particular, we conjecture that the level density is Gaussian, and provide a heuristic derivation of general formulas for the mean and the standard deviation of the energ
Search for Very High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Pulsar-PWN Systems with the MAGIC Telescope

The MAGIC collaboration has searched for high-energy gamma-ray emission of some of the most promising pulsar candidates above an energy threshold of 50 GeV, an energy not reachable up to now by other ground-based instruments. Neither pulsed nor steady gamma-ray emission has been observed at energies of 100 GeV from the classical radio pulsars PSR J0205+6449 and PSR J2229+6114 (and their nebulae 3C58 and Boomerang, respectively) and the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232. Here, we present the flux upper limits for these sources and discuss their implications in the context of current model predictions
Asymptotic behaviour of pion-pion total cross-sections

We derive a sum rule which shows that the Froissart-Martin bound for the asymptotic behaviour of the ππ total cross sections at high energies, if modulated by the Lukaszuk-Martin coefficient of the leading log 2 s behaviour, cannot be an optimal bound in QCD. We next compute the total cross sections for π + π − , π ± π 0 and π 0 π 0 scattering within the framework of the constituent chiral quark model (C χ QM) in the limit of a large number of colours N c and discuss their asymptotic behaviours. The same ππ cross sections are also discussed within the general framework of Large- N c QCD and we show that it is possible to make an Ansatz for the isospin I = 1 and I = 0 spectrum which satisfy the Froissart-Martin bound with coefficients which, contrary to the Lukaszuk-Martin coefficient, are not singular in the chiral limit and have the correct Large- N c counting. We finally propose a simple phenomenological model which matches the low energy behaviours of the $ \sigma_{{{\pi^{\pm }}{\pi^0}}}^{\mathrm{total}}(s) $ cross section predicted by the C χ QM with the high energy behaviour predicted by the Large- N c Ansatz. The magnitude of these cross sections at very high energies is of the order of those observed for the pp and $ p\overline{p} $ scattering total cross sections
Dark energy imprints on the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich signal

We investigate the imprint of dark energy on the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (kSZ) angular power spectrum on scales of <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>ℓ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1000</mn></math> to <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>10</mn><mspace width="0.2em"/><mn>000</mn></math> , and find that the kSZ signal is sensitive to the dark energy parameter. For example, varying the constant w by 20% around <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>w</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></math> results in a ≳10% change on the kSZ spectrum; changing the dark energy dynamics parametrized by <math altimg="si4.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub></math> by ±0.5, a 30% change on the kSZ spectrum is expected. We discuss the observational aspects and develop a fitting formula for the kSZ power spectrum. Finally, we discuss how the precise modeling of the post-reionization signal would help the constraints on patchy reionization signal, which is crucial for measuring the duration of reionization
Pretzelosity TMD and Quark Orbital Angular Momentum

We study the connection between the quark orbital angular momentum and the
pretzelosity transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution function. We
discuss the origin of this relation in quark models, identifying as key
ingredient for its validity the assumption of spherical symmetry for the
nucleon in its rest frame. Finally we show that the individual quark
contributions to the orbital angular momentum obtained from this relation can
not be interpreted as the intrinsic contributions, but include the contribution
from the transverse centre of momentum which cancels out only in the total
orbital angular momentum
Nest box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies: A review

The use of artificial nest boxes has led to significant progress in bird conservation and in our understanding of the functional and evolutionary ecology of free-ranging birds that exploit cavities for roosting and reproduction. Nest boxes and their improved accessibility have made it easier to perform comparative and experimental field investigations. However, concerns about the generality and applicability of scientific studies involving birds breeding in nest boxes have been raised because the occupants of boxes may differ from conspecifics occupying other nest sites. Here, we review the existing evidence demonstrating the importance of nest box design to individual life-history traits in three falcon (Falconiformes) and seven owl (Strigiformes) species, as well as the extent to which publications on these birds describe the characteristics of exploited artificial nest boxes in their >Methods> sections. More than 60% of recent publications did not provide any details on nest box design (e. g. size, shape, material), despite several calls >15 years ago to increase the reporting of such information. We exemplify and discuss how variation in nest box characteristics can affect or confound conclusions from nest box studies and conclude that it is of overall importance to present details of nest box characteristics in scientific publications. © 2011 Dt. Ornithologen-Gesellschaft e.V.Peer Reviewe
Compact microwave ion source for extremely low energy ion irradiation system

The performance of a compact microwaveion source developed for extremely low energy ion extraction was measured. The ion source was modified to be fitted for the ion extraction at the voltage lower than 100 V. The current–voltage characteristics, mass spectrum, absolute ion energy, and energy spread of argon ion beam were estimated with a sector magnet. The results showed that the mass spectrum showed a clear separation of singly charged ions and doubly charged ions even at the extraction voltage of 4 V. Mass separated Ar[+] current of 0.5 nA at 4 V extraction was obtained. An excess ion energy due to presence of plasma potential was 14 eV at the pressure of 5×10[−3] Pa, and 66 eV at 9×10[−4] Pa. Energy spread was narrower than 12 eV, from rough estimate of the mass spectrum. These results summarize that the present ion source can be used for extremely low energy ion irradiation system
Propagation of two short laser pulse trains in a Λ-type three-level medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency

We investigate the dynamics of a pair of short laser pulse trains propagating in a medium consisting of three-level Λ-type atoms by numerically solving the Maxwell–Schrödinger equations for atoms and fields. By performing propagation calculations with different parameters, under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency, we compare the propagation dynamics by a single pair of probe and coupling laser pulses and by probe and coupling laser pulse trains. We discuss the influence of the coupling pulse area, number of pulses, and detunings on the probe laser propagation and realization of electromagnetically induced transparency conditions, as well on the formation of a dark state
Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland.

Recent work has confirmed that grounded ice reached the shelf break in central West Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we use a combination of marine sediment-core data, including glacimarine lithofacies and IRD proxy records, and geomorphological and acoustic facies evidence to examine the nature of and controls on the retreat of a major outlet of the western sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) across the shelf. Retreat of this outlet, which contained the ancestral Jakobshavns Isbræ ice stream, from the outer shelf in Disko Trough was rapid and progressed predominantly through iceberg calving, however, minor pauses in retreat (tens of years) occurred on the middle shelf at a trough narrowing forming subtle grounding-zone wedges. By 12.1 cal kyr BP ice had retreated to a basalt escarpment and shallow banks on the inner continental shelf, where it was pinned and stabilised for at least 100 years. During this time the ice margin appears to have formed a calving bay over the trough and melting became an important mechanism of ice-mass loss. Fine-grained sediments (muds) were deposited alternately with IRD-rich sediments (diamictons) forming a characteristic deglacial lithofacies that may be related to seasonal climatic cycles. High influxes of subglacial meltwater, emanating from the nearby ice margins, deposited muddy sediments during the warmer summer months whereas winters were dominated by iceberg calving leading to the deposition of the diamictons. This is the first example of this glacimarine lithofacies from a continental-shelf setting and we suggest that the calving-bay configuration of the ice margin, plus the switching between calving and melting as ablation mechanisms, facilitated its deposition by channelling meltwater and icebergs through the inner trough. The occurrence of a major stillstand on the inner shelf in Disko Trough demonstrates that the ice-dynamical response to local topography was a crucial control on the behaviour of a major outlet in this sector of the GrIS during retreat
The drying up of Britain? A national estimate of changes in seasonal river flows from 11 Regional Climate Model simulations

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: PRUDHOMME, C. ... et al., 2012. The drying up of Britain? A national estimate of changes in seasonal river flows from 11 Regional Climate Model simulations. Hydrological Processes, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.8434, which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8434. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.As climate change may modify the hydrological cycle significantly, understanding the impact on river flow is important because it affects long-term water resources planning. Here, we describe a high-resolution British assessment of changes in river flows in the 2050s under 11 different realisations of HadRM3. In winter, river flows may either increase or decrease, with a wide range of possible decreases in summer flow. These results should encourage adaptation that copes with a broad range of future hydrological conditions. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A role for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in the hierarchical
  cooperativity between noninteracting transcription factors

Chromatin remodeling machineries are abundant and diverse in eukaryotic
cells. They have been involved in a variety of situations such as histone
exchange and DNA repair, but their importance in gene expression remains
unclear. Although the influence of nucleosome position on the regulation of
gene expression is generally envisioned under the quasi-equilibrium
perspective, it is proposed that given the ATP-dependence of chromatin
remodeling enzymes, certain mechanisms necessitate non-equilibrium treatments.
Examination of the celebrated chromatin remodeling system of the mouse mammary
tumor virus, in which the binding of transcription factors opens the way to
other ones, reveals that breaking equilibrium offers a subtle mode of
transcription factor cooperativity, avoids molecular trapping phenomena and
allows to reconcile previously conflicting experimental data. This mechanism
provides a control lever of promoter responsiveness to transcription factor
combinations, challenging the classical view of the unilateral influence of
pioneer on secondary transcription factors.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. This manuscript is an extended version of the
  article: Hierarchical cooperativity mediated by chromatin remodeling; the
  model of the MMTV transcription regulation. 2011. J. Theor. Biol. 287, 74-8
Low-mass right-handed gauge bosons from minimal grand unified theories

Prediction of low-mass $W_R$ and $Z_R$ gauge bosons in popular grand unified
theories has been the subject of considerable attention over the last three
decades. In this work we show that when gravity induced corrections due to
dim.5 operator are included the minimal symmetry breaking chain of $SO(10)$ and
$E_6$ GUTs can yield $W_R^{\pm}$ and $Z_R$ bosons with masses in the range
$(3-10)$ TeV which are accessible to experimental tests at the Large Hordan
Collider. The RH neutrinos turn out to be heavy pseudo-Dirac fermions. The
model can fit all fermion masses and manifest in rich structure of lepton
flavor violation while proton life time is predicted to be much longer than the
accessible limit of Super-Kamiokande or planned Hyper-Kamiokande
collaborations.Comment: 3 pages LaTeX, Submitted to ICHEP-2014, Valencia, Spain; To appear in
  Nuclear and Particle Physics Proceeding
Orthogonal Polynomials from Hermitian Matrices II

This is the second part of the project `unified theory of classical
orthogonal polynomials of a discrete variable derived from the eigenvalue
problems of hermitian matrices.' In a previous paper, orthogonal polynomials
having Jackson integral measures were not included, since such measures cannot
be obtained from single infinite dimensional hermitian matrices. Here we show
that Jackson integral measures for the polynomials of the big $q$-Jacobi family
are the consequence of the recovery of self-adjointness of the unbounded Jacobi
matrices governing the difference equations of these polynomials. The recovery
of self-adjointness is achieved in an extended $\ell^2$ Hilbert space on which
a direct sum of two unbounded Jacobi matrices acts as a Hamiltonian or a
difference Schr\"odinger operator for an infinite dimensional eigenvalue
problem. The polynomial appearing in the upper/lower end of Jackson integral
constitutes the eigenvector of each of the two unbounded Jacobi matrix of the
direct sum. We also point out that the orthogonal vectors involving the
$q$-Meixner ($q$-Charlier) polynomials do not form a complete basis of the
$\ell^2$ Hilbert space, based on the fact that the dual $q$-Meixner polynomials
introduced in a previous paper fail to satisfy the orthogonality relation. The
complete set of eigenvectors involving the $q$-Meixner polynomials is obtained
by constructing the duals of the dual $q$-Meixner polynomials which require the
two component Hamiltonian formulation. An alternative solution method based on
the closure relation, the Heisenberg operator solution, is applied to the
polynomials of the big $q$-Jacobi family and their duals and $q$-Meixner
($q$-Charlier) polynomials.Comment: 65 pages. Comments, references and table of contents are added. To
  appear in J.Math.Phy
NLO predictions for the production of a spin-two particle at the LHC

We obtain predictions accurate at the next-to-leading order in QCD for the
production of a generic spin-two particle in the most relevant channels at the
LHC: production in association with coloured particles (inclusive, one jet, two
jets and $t\bar t$), with vector bosons ($Z,W^\pm,\gamma$) and with the Higgs
boson. We present total and differential cross sections as well as branching
ratios as a function of the mass and the collision energy also considering the
case of non-universal couplings to standard model particles. We find that the
next-to-leading order corrections give rise to sizeable $K$ factors for many
channels, in some cases exposing the unitarity-violating behaviour of
non-universal couplings scenarios, and in general greatly reduce the
theoretical uncertainties. Our predictions are publicly available in the
MadGraph5\_aMC@NLO framework and can, therefore, be directly used in
experimental simulations of spin-two particle production for arbitrary values
of the mass and couplings.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; v2: update references, rewrite the
  introduction, add mass scanning, remove all 750 GeV references, the model
  file can be found http://feynrules.irmp.ucl.ac.be/wiki/NLOModel
Search for resonances in diphoton events at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the
  ATLAS detector

Searches for new resonances decaying into two photons in the ATLAS experiment
at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described. The analysis is based on
proton--proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2
fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded in 2015. Two searches are performed,
one targeted at a spin-2 particle of mass larger than 500 GeV, using
Randall--Sundrum graviton states as a benchmark model, and one optimized for a
spin-0 particle of mass larger than 200 GeV. Varying both the mass and the
decay width, the most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis
is observed at a diphoton invariant mass around 750 GeV with local
significances of 3.8 and 3.9 standard deviations in the searches optimized for
a spin-2 and spin-0 particle, respectively. The global significances are
estimated to be 2.1 standard deviations for both analyses. The consistency
between the data collected at 13 TeV and 8 TeV is also evaluated. Limits on the
production cross section times branching ratio to two photons for the two
resonance types are reported.Comment: 32 pages plus author list (49 pages total), 12 figures, 2 tables,
  published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2016-08