pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Non-geometric backgrounds based on topological interfaces

We study simple models of the world-sheet CFTs describing non-geometric backgrounds based on the topological interfaces, the ‘gluing condition’ of which imposes T-duality- or analogous twists. To be more specific, we start with the torus partition function on a target space S 1[base] × (S 1 × S 1)[fiber] with rather general values of radii. The fiber CFT is defined by inserting the twist operators consisting of the topological interfaces which lie along the cycles of the world-sheet torus according to the winding numbers of the base circle. We construct the partition functions involving such duality twists. The modular invariance is achieved straightforwardly, whereas ‘unitarization’ is generically necessary to maintain the unitarity. We demonstrate it in the case of the equal fiber radii. The resultant models are closely related to the CFTs with the discrete torsion. The unitarization is also physically interpreted as multiple insertions of the twist/interface operators along various directions
Effective lifetime measurements in the B-s(0) -> K+K-, B-0 -> K+pi(-) and B-s(0) -> pi K-+(-) decays

Measurements of the effective lifetimes in the B-s(0) -> K+K-, B-0 -> K+pi(-) and B-s(0) -> pi K-+(-) decays are presented using 1.0 fb(-1)of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The analysis uses a data-driven approach to correct for the decay time acceptance. The measured effective lifetimes are tau(Bs0 -> K+K-) = 1.407 +/- 0.016 (stat) +/- 0.007 (syst) ps, tau(Bs0 -> K+pi-) = 1.524 +/- 0.011 (stat) +/- 0.004 (syst) ps, tau(Bs0 ->pi+K-) = 1.60 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.01 (syst) ps. This is the most precise determination to date of the effective lifetime in the B-s(0) -> K+K- decay and provides constraints on contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model to the B-s(0) mixing phase and the width difference Delta Gamma(s)
Morphology and optical properties of Mg and Sr doped CaF2 nanocrystals

Magnesium (Mg) and Strontium (Sr) doped Calcium fluoride nanocrystals were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The cubic structure of the samples was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. The average crystallite size of Mg doped samples was found to be similar to 25 nm whereas in Sr doped one it was similar to 35 nm. The morphological features revealed that the nanocrystals were agglomerated, crispy and porous. The as-prepared samples showed the presence of hydroxyl groups. The optical absorption spectrum of as-prepared Mg doped samples showed a strong absorption band peaked at similar to 233 nm whereas the Sr doped one showed a prominent absorption peak at 248 nm. A strong PL emission was observed at similar to 300 nm in Mg doped samples. However, the Sr doped samples showed two prominent emissions at similar to 345 and 615 nm. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The SHARDDS survey: first resolved image of the HD114082 debris disk in
  Lower Centaurus Crux with SPHERE

We present the first resolved image of the debris disk around the 16+/-8 Myr
old star, HD 114082. The observation was made in the H-band using the SPHERE
instrument. The star is at a distance of 92+/-6 pc in the Lower Centaurus Crux
association. Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, we determined that the
debris is likely in the form of a dust ring with an inner edge of 27.7+2.8/-3.5
au, position angle -74+0.5/-1.5 deg, and an inclination with respect to the
line of sight of 6.7+3.8/-0.4 deg. The disk imaged in scattered light has a
surface density declining with radius like ~r^(-4), steeper than expected for
grain blowout by radiation pressure. We find only marginal evidence (2 sigma)
of eccentricity, and rule out planets more massive than 1.0 Mjup orbiting
within 1 au of the ring's inner edge, since such a planet would have disrupted
the disk. The disk has roughly the same fractional disk luminosity
(Ldisk/L*=3.3x10^(-3)) as HR4796A and Beta Pictoris, however it was not
detected by previous instrument facilities most likely because of its small
angular size (radius~0.4"), low albedo (~0.2) and low scattering efficiency far
from the star due to high scattering anisotropy. With the arrival of extreme
adaptive optics systems like SPHERE and GPI, the morphology of smaller, fainter
and more distant debris disks are being revealed, providing clues to
planet-disk interactions in young protoplanetary systems.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The decline of
  cosmic star formation: quenching, mass, and environment connections

[Abridged] We use the final data of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift
Survey (VIPERS) to investigate the effect of environment on the evolution of
galaxies between $z=0.5$ and $z=0.9$. We characterise local environment in
terms of the density contrast smoothed over a cylindrical kernel, the scale of
which is defined by the distance to the $5^{th}$ nearest neighbour. We find
that more massive galaxies tend to reside in higher-density environments over
the full redshift range explored. Defining star-forming and passive galaxies
through their (NUV$-r$) vs ($r-K$) colours, we then quantify the fraction of
star-forming over passive galaxies, $f_{\rm ap}$, as a function of environment
at fixed stellar mass. $f_{\rm ap}$ is higher in low-density regions for
galaxies with masses ranging from $\log(\mathcal{M}/\mathcal{M}_\odot)=10.38$
(the lowest value explored) to at least
$\log(\mathcal{M}/\mathcal{M}_\odot)\sim11.3$, although with decreasing
significance going from lower to higher masses. This is the first time that
environmental effects on high-mass galaxies are clearly detected at redshifts
as high as $z\sim0.9$. We compared these results to VIPERS-like galaxy mock
catalogues based on the galaxy formation model of De Lucia & Blaizot. The model
correctly reproduces $f_{\rm ap}$ in low-density environments, but
underpredicts it at high densities. The discrepancy is particularly strong for
the lowest-mass bins. We find that this discrepancy is driven by an excess of
low-mass passive satellite galaxies in the model. Looking at the accretion
history of these model galaxies, i.e. the times when they become satellites, a
better (yet not perfect) agreement with observations can be obtained in high
density regions by assuming either that a not-negligible fraction of satellites
is destroyed, or that their quenching time-scale is longer than $\sim 2$ Gyr.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, accepted to be published in A&
Isospin-symmetry breaking in masses of $N\simeq Z$ nuclei

Effects of the isospin-symmetry breaking (ISB) beyond mean-field Coulomb
terms are systematically studied in nuclear masses near the $N=Z$ line. The
Coulomb exchange contributions are calculated exactly. We use extended Skyrme
energy density functionals (EDFs) with proton-neutron-mixed densities, to which
we add new terms breaking the isospin symmetry. Two parameters associated with
the new terms are determined by fitting mirror and triplet displacement
energies (MDEs and TDEs) of isospin multiplets. The new EDFs reproduce MDEs for
the $T=\frac12$ doublets and $T=1$ triplets, and TDEs for the $T=1$ triplets.
Relative strengths of the obtained isospin-symmetry-breaking terms {\em are
not} consistent with the differences in the $NN$ scattering lengths, $a_{nn}$,
$a_{pp}$, and $a_{np}$. Based on low-energy experimental data, it seems thus
impossible to delineate the strong-force ISB effects from beyond-mean-field
Coulomb-energy corrections.Comment: Letter 20 pages, 4 figures, Supplemental Material 11 pages, 6
  figures; important bug corrected & conclusions modified; submitted to Physics
  Letters
Quaternion and Clifford Fourier transforms and wavelets

© Springer Basel 2013. All rights reserved. Quaternion and Clifford Fourier and wavelet transformations generalize the classical theory to higher dimensions and are becoming increasingly important in diverse areas of mathematics, physics, computer science and engineering. This edited volume presents the state of the art in these hypercomplex transformations. The Clifford algebras unify Hamilton's quaternions with Grassmann algebra. A Clifford algebra is a complete algebra of a vector space and all its subspaces including the measurement of volumes and dihedral angles between any pair of subspaces. Quaternion and Clifford algebras permit the systematic generalization of many known concepts. This book provides comprehensive insights into current developments and applications including their performance and evaluation. Mathematically, it indicates where further investigation is required. For instance, attention is drawn to the matrix isomorphisms for hypercomplex algebras, which will help readers to see that software implementations are within our grasp. It also contributes to a growing unification of ideas and notation across the expanding field of hypercomplex transforms and wavelets. The first chapter provides a historical background and an overview of the relevant literature, and shows how the contributions that follow relate to each other and to prior work. The book will be a valuable resource for graduate students as well as for scientists and engineers
Production of associated Y and open charm hadrons in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV via double parton scattering

Associated production of bottomonia and open charm hadrons in pp collisions at s√=7s=7 and 8 TeV is observed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 accumulated with the LHCb detector. The observation of five combinations, Y(1S)D0, Y(2S)D0, Y(1S)D+, Y(2S)D+ and Y(1S)Ds+, is reported. Production crosssections are measured for Y(1S)D0 and Y(1S)D+ pairs in the forward region. The measured cross-sections and the differential distributions indicate the dominance of double parton scattering as the main production mechanism
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1,479 population-based measurement studies with 19.1 million participants

Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19??1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127??0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125??7???128??3) in men and 122??3 mm Hg (121??0???123??6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78??7 mm Hg (77??9???79??5) for men and 76??7 mm Hg (75??9???77??6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24??1% (21??4???27??1) in men and 20??1% (17??8???22??5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1??13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe
EB Ford revisited: assessing the long-term stability of wing-spot patterns and population genetic structure of the meadow brown butterfly on the Isles of Scilly

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Data files of wing spot sizes and AFLP genotypes available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j7v42.Understanding selection in the wild remains a major aim of evolutionary ecology and work by Ford and colleagues on the meadow brown butterfly Maniola jurtina did much to ignite this agenda. A great deal of their work was conducted during the 1950s on the Isles of Scilly. They documented island-specific wing-spot patterns that remained consistent over about a decade, but patterns on some islands changed after environmental perturbation. It was suggested that these wing-spot patterns reflected island-specific selection and that there was little migration between islands. However, genetic studies to test the underlying assumption of restricted migration are lacking and it is also unknown whether the originally described wing-spot patterns have persisted over time. We therefore collected female butterflies from five of Ford's original study locations, including three large islands (St Mary's, St Martin's and Tresco) and two small islands (Tean and St Helen's). Wing-spot patterns had not changed appreciably over time on three of the islands (two large and one small), but were significantly different on the other two. Furthermore, analysis of 176 amplified fragment length polymorphisms revealed significant genome-wide differentiation among the five islands. Our findings are consistent with Ford's conclusions that despite the close proximity of these islands, there is restricted gene flow among them.Heredity advance online publication, 2 November 2016; doi:10.1038/hdy.2016.94.We thank the Genetics Society for a fieldwork grant (to DJH) that funded the collection trip and DJH thanks Mike Johnson for sparking interest in this area. SWB is supported by the Australian Research Council and a Ramsay Fellowship, NW by a Royal Society Wolfson Fellowship and NERC and DJH by the Leverhulme Trust
New reference tables and user-friendly Internet application for predicted heart weights.

Knowledge of normal heart weight ranges is important information for pathologists. Comparing the measured heart weight to reference values is one of the key elements used to determine if the heart is pathological, as heart weight increases in many cardiac pathologies. The current reference tables are old and in need of an update.
The purposes of this study are to establish new reference tables for normal heart weights in the local population and to determine the best predictive factor for normal heart weight. We also aim to provide technical support to calculate the predictive normal heart weight.
The reference values are based on retrospective analysis of adult Caucasian autopsy cases without any obvious pathology that were collected at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 2007 to 2011. We selected 288 cases. The mean age was 39.2 years. There were 118 men and 170 women. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of heart weight to body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA).
The heart weight increased along with an increase in all the parameters studied. The mean heart weight was greater in men than in women at a similar body weight. BSA was determined to be the best predictor for normal heart weight. New reference tables for predicted heart weights are presented as a web application that enable the comparison of heart weights observed at autopsy with the reference values.
The reference tables for heart weight and other organs should be systematically updated and adapted for the local population. Web access and smartphone applications for the predicted heart weight represent important investigational tools
Toxicokinetics of captan and folpet biomarkers in orally exposed volunteers

The time courses of key biomarkers of exposure to captan and folpet was assessed in accessible biological matrices of orally exposed volunteers. Ten volunteers ingested 1 mg kg(-1) body weight of captan or folpet. Blood samples were withdrawn at fixed time periods over the 72 h following ingestion and complete urine voids were collected over 96 h post-dosing. The tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) metabolite of captan along with the phthalimide (PI) and phthalic acid metabolites of folpet were then quantified in these samples. Plasma levels of THPI and PI increased progressively after ingestion, reaching peak values ~10 and 6 h post-dosing, respectively; subsequent elimination phase appeared monophasic with a mean elimination half-life (t(½) ) of 15.7 and 31.5 h, respectively. In urine, elimination rate time courses of PI and phthalic acid evolved in parallel, with respective t(½) of 27.3 and 27.6 h; relatively faster elimination was found for THPI, with mean t(½) of 11.7 h. However, phthalic acid was present in urine in 1000-fold higher amounts than PI. In the 96 h period post-treatment, on average 25% of folpet dose was excreted in urine as phthalic acid as compared with only 0.02% as PI. The corresponding value for THPI was 3.5%. Overall, THPI and PI appear as interesting biomarkers of recent exposure, with relatively short half-lives; their sensitivity to assess exposure in field studies should be further verified. Although not a metabolite specific to folpet, the concomitant use of phthalic acid as a major biomarker of exposure to folpet should also be considered. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd
Measurement of the production cross section of prompt J/ψ mesons in association with a W ± boson in pp collisions at √ s= 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The process pp --> W[superscript ±] J/ψ provides a powerful probe of the production mechanism of charmonium in hadronic collisions, and is also sensitive to multiple parton interactions in the colliding protons. Using the 2011 ATLAS dataset of 4.5 fb[superscript −1] of  √ s[overbar]= 7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC, the first observation is made of the production of W ± + prompt J/ψ events in hadronic collisions, using W[superscript ±] --> μν[subscript μ] and J/ψ --> μ[superscript +] μ[superscript −]. A yield of  27.4 [+7.5 over -6.5]  W[superscript ±] + prompt J/ψ events is observed, with a statistical significance of 5.1σ. The production rate as a ratio to the inclusive W ± boson production rate is measured, and the double parton scattering contribution to the cross section is estimated
Measurement of the pp→ZZpp→ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in four-lepton final states at View the MathML source

A measurement of the inclusive ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV are presented. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 , collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes ZZ→ℓℓℓ′ℓ′ , where ℓ=e,μ and ℓ′=e,μ,τ . The measured total cross section σ(pp→ZZ)=7.7±0.5 (stat)−0.4+0.5 (syst)±0.4(theo)±0.2 (lumi) pb , for both Z bosons produced in the mass range 60<mZ<120 GeV , is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are measured and well described by the theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZγ couplings at the 95% confidence level: −0.004<f4Z<0.004 , −0.004<f5Z<0.004 , −0.005<f4γ<0.005 , and −0.005<f5γ<0.005
Measurement of the low-mass Drell-Yan differential cross section at roots= 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The differential cross section for the process Z/γ∗ → ℓℓ (ℓ = e, μ) as a function of dilepton invariant mass is measured in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ATLAS detector. The measurement is performed in the e and μ channels for invariant masses between 26 GeV and 66 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.6 fb−1 collected in 2011 and these measurements are combined. The analysis is extended to invariant masses as low as 12 GeV in the muon channel using 35 pb−1 of data collected in 2010. The cross sections are determined within fiducial acceptance regions and corrections to extrapolate the measurements to the full kinematic range are provided. Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD predictions provide a significantly better description of the results than next-to-leading-order QCD calculations, unless the latter are matched to a parton shower calculation.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
On dynamical realizations of l-conformal Galilei and Newton–Hooke algebras

In two recent papers (Aizawa et al., 2013 [15]) and (Aizawa et al., 2015 [16]), representation theory ofthe centrally extended l-conformal Galilei algebra with half-integer l has been applied so as to constructsecond order differential equations exhibiting the corresponding group as kinematical symmetry. It wassuggested to treat them as the Schrodinger equations which involve Hamiltonians describing dynamicalsystems without higher derivatives. The Hamiltonians possess two unusual features, however. First, theyinvolve the standard kinetic term only for one degree of freedom, while the remaining variables providecontributions linear in momenta. This is typical for Ostrogradsky’s canonical approach to the description ofhigher derivative systems. Second, the Hamiltonian in the second paper is not Hermitian in the conventionalsense. In this work, we study the classical limit of the quantum Hamiltonians and demonstrate that the firstof them is equivalent to the Hamiltonian describing free higher derivative nonrelativistic particles, whilethe second can be linked to the Pais–Uhlenbeck oscillator whose frequencies form the arithmetic sequence?k = (2k ? 1), k = 1,..., n. We also confront the higher derivative models with a genuine second ordersystem constructed in our recent work (Galajinsky and Masterov, 2013 [5]) which is discussed in detailfor l = 32