pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Changes in Neurocognitive Architecture in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, multisystem disorder that has a bidirectional relationship with several major neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia. Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) offers some protection from the effects of OSA, although it is still unclear which populations should be targeted, for how long, and what the effects of treatment are on different organ systems. We investigated whether cognitive improvements can be achieved as early as one month into CPAP treatment in patients with OSA.Methods55 patients (mean (SD) age: 47.6 (11.1) years) with newly diagnosed moderate–severe OSA (Oxygen Desaturation Index: 36.6 (25.2) events/hour; Epworth sleepiness score (ESS): 12.8 (4.9)) and 35 matched healthy volunteers were studied. All participants underwent neurocognitive testing, neuroimaging and polysomnography. Patients were randomized into parallel groups: CPAP with best supportive care (BSC), or BSC alone for one month, after which they were re-tested.FindingsOne month of CPAP with BSC resulted in a hypertrophic trend in the right thalamus [mean difference (%): 4.04, 95% CI: 1.47 to 6.61], which was absent in the BSC group [−2.29, 95% CI: −4.34 to −0.24]. Significant improvement was also recorded in ESS, in the CPAP plus BSC group, following treatment [mean difference (%): −27.97, 95% CI: −36.75 to −19.19 vs 2.46, 95% CI: −5.23 to 10.15; P=0.012], correlated to neuroplastic changes in brainstem (r=−0.37; P=0.05), and improvements in delayed logical memory scores [57.20, 95% CI: 42.94 to 71.46 vs 23.41, 95% CI: 17.17 to 29.65; P=0.037].InterpretationOne month of CPAP treatment can lead to adaptive alterations in the neurocognitive architecture that underlies the reduced sleepiness, and improved verbal episodic memory in patients with OSA. We propose that partial neural recovery occurs during short periods of treatment with CPAP
Characterizations of {K,s+1}-potent matrices and applications

AbstractRecently, situations where a matrix coincides with some of its powers have been studied. This kind of matrices is related to the generalized inverse matrices. On the other hand, it is possible to introduce another class of matrices that involve an involutory matrix, generalizing the well-known idempotent matrix, widely useful in many applications. In this paper, we introduce a new kind of matrices called {K,s+1}-potent, as an extension of the aforementioned ones. First, different properties of {K,s+1}-potent matrices have been developed. Later, the main result developed in this paper is the characterization of this kind of matrices from a spectral point of view, in terms of powers of the matrix, by means of the group inverse and, via a block representation of a matrix of index 1. Finally, an application of the above results to study linear combinations of {K,s+1}-potent matrices is derived
Vertex ring-indexed Lie algebras

AbstractInfinite-dimensional Lie algebras are introduced, which are only partially graded, and are specified by indices lying on cyclotomic rings. They may be thought of as generalizations of the Onsager algebra, but unlike it, or its sl(n) generalizations, they are not subalgebras of the loop algebras associated with sl(n). In a particular interesting case associated with sl(3), their indices lie on the Eisenstein integer triangular lattice, and these algebras are expected to underlie vertex operator combinations in CFT, brane physics, and graphite monolayers
On the determination of CP-even and CP-odd components of a mixed CP Higgs boson at e+e− linear colliders

AbstractWe present a method to investigate the CP quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the process e+e−→Zϕ at a future e+e− linear collider (LC), where ϕ, a generic Higgs boson, is a mixture of CP-even and CP-odd states. The procedure consists of a comparison of the data with predictions obtained from Monte Carlo simulations corresponding to the productions of scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs and the interference term which constitutes a distinctive signal of CP violation. We present estimates of the sensitivity of the method from Monte Carlo studies using hypothetical data samples with a full LC detector simulation taking into account the background signals
On super (a,1)-edge-antimagic total labelings of regular graphs

AbstractA labeling of a graph is a mapping that carries some set of graph elements into numbers (usually positive integers). An (a,d)-edge-antimagic total labeling of a graph with p vertices and q edges is a one-to-one mapping that takes the vertices and edges onto the integers 1,2…,p+q, so that the sum of the labels on the edges and the labels of their end vertices forms an arithmetic progression starting at a and having difference d. Such a labeling is called super if the p smallest possible labels appear at the vertices.In this paper we prove that every even regular graph and every odd regular graph with a 1-factor are super (a,1)-edge-antimagic total. We also introduce some constructions of non-regular super (a,1)-edge-antimagic total graphs
Displays of authority in the clinical consultation: A linguistic ethnographic study of the electronic patient record

AbstractThe introduction of computers into general practice settings has profoundly changed the dynamics of the clinical consultation. Previous research exploring the impact of the computer (in what has been termed the ‘triadic’ consultation) has shown that computer use and communication between doctor and patient are intricately coordinated and inseparable. Swinglehurst et al. have recently been critical of the ongoing tendency within health communication research to focus on ‘the computer’ as a relatively simple ‘black box’, or as a material presence in the consultation. By re-focussing on the electronic patient record (EPR) and conceptualising this as a complex collection of silent but consequential voices, they have opened up new and more nuanced possibilities for analysis. This orientation makes visible a tension between the immediate contingencies of the interaction as it unfolds moment-by-moment and the more standardised, institutional demands which are embedded in the EPR (‘dilemma of attention’). In this paper I extend this work, presenting an in-depth examination of how participants in the consultation manage this tension. I used linguistic ethnographic methods to study 54 video recorded consultations from a dataset collected between 2007 and 2008 in two UK general practices, combining microanalysis of the consultation with ethnographic attention to the wider organisational and institutional context. My analysis draws on the theoretical work of Erving Goffman and Mikhail Bakhtin, incorporating attention to the ‘here and now’ of the interaction as well as an appreciation of the ‘distributed’ nature of the EPR, its role in hosting and circulating new voices, and in mediating participants' talk and social practices. It reveals – in apparently fleeting moments of negotiation and contestation – the extent to which the EPR shapes the dynamic construction, display and circulation of authority in the contemporary consultation
Marginal deformations of vacua with massive boson–fermion degeneracy symmetry

AbstractTwo-dimensional string vacua with Massive Spectrum boson–fermion Degeneracy Symmetry, [MSDS]d=2, are explicitly constructed in Type II and Heterotic superstring theories. The study of their moduli space indicates the existence of large marginal deformations that connect continuously the initial [MSDS]d=2 vacua to higher-dimensional conventional superstring vacua, where spacetime supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by geometrical fluxes. We find that the maximally symmetric, [Max:MSDS]d=2, Type II vacuum, is in correspondence with the maximal, N=8, d=4 “gauged supergravity”, where the supergravity gauging is induced by the fluxes. This correspondence is extended to less symmetric cases where the initial MSDS symmetry is reduced by orbifolds:[Zorb:MSDS]d=2↔[N⩽8:SUGRA]d=4,fluxes. We also exhibit and analyse thermal interpretations of some Euclidean versions of the models and identify classes of MSDS vacua that remain tachyon-free under arbitrary marginal deformations about the extended symmetry point. The connection between the two-dimensional MSDS vacua and the resulting four-dimensional effective supergravities arises naturally within the context of an adiabatic cosmological evolution, where the very early Universe is conjectured to be described by an MSDS vacuum, while at late cosmological times it is described by an effective N=1 supergravity theory with spontaneously broken supersymmetry
Green–Schwarz, Nambu–Goto actions, and Cayley's hyperdeterminant

AbstractIt has been recently shown that Nambu–Goto action can be re-expressed in terms of Cayley's hyperdeterminant with the manifest SL(2,R)×SL(2,R)×SL(2,R) symmetry. In the present Letter, we show that the same feature is shared by Green–Schwarz σ-model for N=2 superstring whose target space–time is D=2+2. When its zweibein field is eliminated from the action, it contains the Nambu–Goto action which is nothing but the square root of Cayley's hyperdeterminant of the pull-back in superspace Det(Πiαα˙) manifestly invariant under SL(2,R)×SL(2,R)×SL(2,R). The target space–time D=2+2 can accommodate self-dual supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory. Our action has also fermionic κ-symmetry, satisfying the criterion for its light-cone equivalence to Neveu–Schwarz–Ramond formulation for N=2 superstring
In Vivo Imaging with a Cell-Permeable Porphyrin-Based MRI Contrast Agent

SummaryMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with molecular probes offers the potential to monitor physiological parameters with comparatively high spatial and temporal resolution in living subjects. For detection of intracellular analytes, construction of cell-permeable imaging agents remains a challenge. Here we show that a porphyrin-based MRI molecular imaging agent, Mn-(DPA-C2)2-TPPS3, effectively penetrates cells and persistently stains living brain tissue in intracranially injected rats. Chromogenicity of the probe permitted direct visualization of its distribution by histology, in addition to MRI. Distribution was concentrated in cell bodies after hippocampal infusion. Mn-(DPA-C2)2-TPPS3 was designed to sense zinc ions, and contrast enhancement was more pronounced in the hippocampus, a zinc-rich brain region, than in the caudate nucleus, which contains relatively little labile Zn2+. Membrane permeability, optical activity, and high relaxivity of porphyrin-based contrast agents offer exceptional functionality for in vivo imaging
Vertex heaviest paths and cycles in quasi-transitive digraphs

AbstractA digraph D is called a quasi-transitive digraph (QTD) if for any triple x,y,z of distinct vertices of D such that (x, y) and (y, z) are arcs of D there is at least one arc from x and z or from z to x. Solving a conjecture by Bang-Jensen and Huang (1995), Gutin (1995) described polynomial algorithms for finding a Hamiltonian cycle and a Hamiltonian path (if it exists) in a QTD. The approach taken in that paper cannot be used to find a longest path or cycle in polynomial time. We present a principally new approach that leads to polynomial algorithms for finding vertex heaviest paths and cycles in QTDs with non-negative weights on the vertices. This, in particular, provides an answer to a question by N. Alon on longest paths and cycles in QTDs
The fourth family: A simple explanation for the observed pattern of anomalies in B–CP asymmetries

AbstractWe show that a fourth family of quarks with mt′ in the range of (400–600) GeV provides a rather simple explanation for the several indications of new physics that have been observed involving CP asymmetries of the b-quark. The built-in hierarchy of the 4×4 mixing matrix is such that the t′ readily provides a needed perturbation (≈15%) to sin2β as measured in B→ψKs and simultaneously is the dominant source of CP asymmetry in Bs→ψϕ. The correlation between CP asymmetries in Bs→ψϕ and Bd→ϕKs suggests mt′≈(400–600) GeV. Such heavy masses point to the tantalizing possibility that the 4th family plays an important role in the electroweak symmetry breaking
Medical expulsive therapy in adults with ureteric colic: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

SummaryBackgroundMeta-analyses of previous randomised controlled trials concluded that the smooth muscle relaxant drugs tamsulosin and nifedipine assisted stone passage for people managed expectantly for ureteric colic, but emphasised the need for high-quality trials with wide inclusion criteria. We aimed to fulfil this need by testing effectiveness of these drugs in a standard clinical care setting.MethodsFor this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited adults (aged 18–65 years) undergoing expectant management for a single ureteric stone identified by CT at 24 UK hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned by a remote randomisation system to tamsulosin 400 μg, nifedipine 30 mg, or placebo taken daily for up to 4 weeks, using an algorithm with centre, stone size (≤5 mm or >5 mm), and stone location (upper, mid, or lower ureter) as minimisation covariates. Participants, clinicians, and trial personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who did not need further intervention for stone clearance within 4 weeks of randomisation, analysed in a modified intention-to-treat population defined as all eligible patients for whom we had primary outcome data. This trial is registered with the European Clinical Trials Database, EudraCT number 2010-019469-26, and as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number 69423238.FindingsBetween Jan 11, 2011, and Dec 20, 2013, we randomly assigned 1167 participants, 1136 (97%) of whom were included in the primary analysis (17 were excluded because of ineligibility and 14 participants were lost to follow-up). 303 (80%) of 379 participants in the placebo group did not need further intervention by 4 weeks, compared with 307 (81%) of 378 in the tamsulosin group (adjusted risk difference 1·3% [95% CI −5·7 to 8·3]; p=0·73) and 304 (80%) of 379 in the nifedipine group (0·5% [–5·6 to 6·5]; p=0·88). No difference was noted between active treatment and placebo (p=0·78), or between tamsulosin and nifedipine (p=0·77). Serious adverse events were reported in three participants in the nifedipine group (one had right loin pain, diarrhoea, and vomiting; one had malaise, headache, and chest pain; and one had severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, and left arm pain) and in one participant in the placebo group (headache, dizziness, lightheadedness, and chronic abdominal pain).InterpretationTamsulosin 400 μg and nifedipine 30 mg are not effective at decreasing the need for further treatment to achieve stone clearance in 4 weeks for patients with expectantly managed ureteric colic.FundingUK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme
Nowcasting GDP growth with credit data: Evidence from an emerging market economy

AbstractIt is a well-known fact that there is a strong relationship between bank credits and economic activity. Thus, it is a reasonable question whether credit data can be used in nowcasting GDP growth. It is important for policymakers to make on-time decisions with the most available data and nowcasting is an important tool when policies in question are needed to be made based on current figures. Most macroeconomic variables are made available to public after a considerable delay; however, banking credit data may be very valuable for the early estimate of current GDP as it is available only with a few days delay. In this paper, we aim to investigate the feasibility of using credit data in explaining the variability in Turkish GDP growth and as well as nowcasting it. For this purpose, we use credit impulse and new borrowing, two measures of credit flows. We show that credit impulse and new borrowing are significant in explaining the pattern of the Turkish GDP growth and they have significant contribution to nowcasting it
Exact partition functions for gauge theories on Rλ3

AbstractThe noncommutative space Rλ3, a deformation of R3, supports a 3-parameter family of gauge theory models with gauge-invariant harmonic term, stable vacuum and which are perturbatively finite to all orders. Properties of this family are discussed. The partition function factorizes as an infinite product of reduced partition functions, each one corresponding to the reduced gauge theory on one of the fuzzy spheres entering the decomposition of Rλ3. For a particular sub-family of gauge theories, each reduced partition function is exactly expressible as a ratio of determinants. A relation with integrable 2-D Toda lattice hierarchy is indicated
A (2+1) non-commutative Drinfel'd double spacetime with cosmological constant

AbstractWe show that the Drinfel'd double associated to the standard quantum deformation slη(2,R) is isomorphic to the (2+1)-dimensional AdS algebra with the initial deformation parameter η related to the cosmological constant Λ=−η2. This gives rise to a generalisation of a non-commutative Minkowski spacetime that arises as a consequence of the quantum double symmetry of (2+1) gravity to non-vanishing cosmological constant. The properties of the AdS quantum double that generalises this symmetry to the case Λ≠0 are sketched, and it is shown that the new non-commutative AdS spacetime is a nonlinear Λ-deformation of the Minkowskian one
The micromechanics of the superficial zone of articular cartilage

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between the unique mechanical and structural properties of the superficial zone of articular cartilage on the microscopic scale.DesignFresh unstained equine metacarpophalangeal cartilage samples were mounted on tensile and compressive loading rigs on the stage of a multiphoton microscope. Sequential image stacks were acquired under incremental loads together with simultaneous measurements of the applied stress and strain. Second harmonic generation was used to visualise the collagen fibre network, while two photon fluorescence was used to visualise elastin fibres and cells. The changes visualised by each modality were tracked between successive loads.ResultsThe deformation of the cartilage matrix was heterogeneous on the microscopic length scale. This was evident from local strain maps, which showed shearing between different regions of collagen under tensile strain, corrugations in the articular surface at higher tensile strains and a non-uniform distribution of compressive strain in the axial direction. Chondrocytes elongated and rotated under tensile strain and were compressed in the axial direction under compressive load. The magnitude of deformation varied between cells, indicating differences in either load transmission through the matrix or the mechanical properties of individual cells. Under tensile loading the reorganisation of the elastin network differed from a homogeneous elastic response, indicating that it forms a functional structure.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexity of superficial zone mechanics and demonstrates that the response of the collagen matrix, elastin fibres and chondrocytes are all heterogeneous on the microscopic scale
The use of close-range photogrammetry in zooarchaeology: Creating accurate 3D models of wolf crania to study dog domestication

AbstractClose-range photographic techniques - including photogrammetry - are becoming common tools for constructing three-dimensional (3D) models of artifacts, particularly in archaeological research. Whether models obtained through photogrammetry can be used for zooarchaeological studies requires a systematic examination. In the context of research into dog domestication, we explore whether 3D models of wolf crania, obtained through a photogrammetric approach, accurately describe the original cranium in term of colouration, texture and most importantly, geometry.To answer this question, we compared the topology of 3D models obtained with a high-resolution surface scanner (used as reference geometry) with models reconstructed from the same five wolf crania using photogrammetry. The pairs of models were then compared using both a visual, qualitative and two quantitative approaches. The latter, a geometric comparison computed the deviation map between the pairs of 3D models, which was then followed by a 3D landmark based geometric morphometric approach using corresponding analyses.Our results demonstrate that photogrammetry can produce 3D models with visually satisfying levels of morphological detail in terms of texture, colouration and geometry. In addition, the quantitative comparison of the models revealed an average distance between the two surfaces of 0.088mm with an average standard deviation of 0.53mm. The geometric morphometric analyses revealed the same degree of measurement error for the two series of scans (2.04% and 1.95%), with only 6.31% of the morphometric variation being due to the acquisition technique. Photogrammetry, therefore, offers a low cost, easily portable and simple to perform alternative to traditional surface scanning, affording advantages that make it a highly useful tool for zooarchaeological research
Aganirsen Antisense Oligonucleotide Eye Drops Inhibit Keratitis-Induced Corneal Neovascularization and Reduce Need for Transplantation The I-CAN Study

ObjectiveEye drops of aganirsen, an antisense oligonucleotide preventing insulin receptor substrate-1 expression, inhibited corneal neovascularization in a previous dose-finding phase II study. We aimed to confirm these results in a phase III study and investigated a potential clinical benefit on visual acuity (VA), quality of life (QoL), and need for transplantation.DesignMulticenter, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study.ParticipantsAnalysis of 69 patients with keratitis-related progressive corneal neovascularization randomized to aganirsen (34 patients) or placebo (35 patients). Patients applied aganirsen eye drops (86 μg/day/eye) or placebo twice daily for 90 days and were followed up to day 180.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary end point was VA. Secondary end points included area of pathologic corneal neovascularization, need for transplantation, risk of graft rejection, and QoL.ResultsAlthough no significant differences in VA scores between groups were observed, aganirsen significantly reduced the relative corneal neovascularization area after 90 days by 26.20% (P = 0.014). This improvement persisted after 180 days (26.67%, P = 0.012). Aganirsen tended to lower the transplantation need in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population at day 180 (P = 0.087). In patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization, a significant reduction in transplantation need was achieved (P = 0.048). No significant differences between groups were observed in the risk of graft rejection. However, aganirsen tended to decrease this risk in patients with traumatic/viral keratitis (P = 0.162) at day 90. The QoL analyses revealed a significant improvement with aganirsen in composite and near activity subscores (P = 0.039 and 0.026, respectively) at day 90 in the per protocol population. Ocular and treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in a lower percentage with aganirsen compared with placebo. Only 3 serious TEAEs (2 with aganirsen and 1 with placebo) were considered treatment-related.ConclusionsThis first phase III study on a topical inhibitor of corneal angiogenesis showed that aganirsen eye drops significantly inhibited corneal neovascularization in patients with keratitis. The need for transplantation was significantly reduced in patients with viral keratitis and central neovascularization. Topical application of aganirsen was safe and well tolerated