pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Subglacial processes on an Antarctic ice stream bed. 2: Can modelled ice dynamics explain the morphology of mega-scale glacial lineations?

Mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) are highly elongate subglacial bedforms associated with ice streaming. However, the link between MSGLs and rapid ice flow is largely qualitative, and there have been few attempts to quantitatively link their formation to ice flow characteristics (e.g. ice velocity, thickness, basal shear stress). We take measurements of MSGLs from a palaeo-ice stream that once occupied Marguerite Trough, Antarctic Peninsula and explore a range of possible correlations with ice dynamics generated from an ensemble of numerical modelling experiments that reproduce the deglaciation of the ice stream. Our results confirm that high mean ice velocities and a weak bed correlate with longer MSGLs. Furthermore, the height of MSGLs are low (2–3 m) where modelled basal shear stress is low, but their height tends to be higher and more variable where basal shear stress is larger. The mean density of MSGLs decreases as ice flux increases. Our analysis further suggests that the length of MSGLs is a function of basal ice velocity and time. Although our data/model correlations confirm the importance of ice velocity in MSGL formation, a significant challenge remains if we are to employ MSGLs as a quantifiable measure of past ice stream velocity
Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying via H ± →τ ± ν  in fully hadronic final states using pp  collision data at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for charged Higgs bosons decaying to a τ  lepton and a neutrino, H ± →τ ± ν , are presented. The analysis is based on 19.5 fb −1   of proton-proton collision data at √s=8  TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Charged Higgs bosons are searched for in events consistent with top-quark pair production or in associated production with a top quark. The final state is characterised by the presence of a hadronic τ  decay, missing transverse momentum, b -tagged jets, a hadronically decaying W  boson, and the absence of any isolated electrons or muons with high transverse momenta. The data are consistent with the expected background from Standard Model processes. A statistical analysis leads to 95\% confidence-level upper limits on the product of branching ratios B(t→bH ± )×B(H ± →τ ± ν) , between 0.23% and 1.3% for charged Higgs boson masses in the range 80-160 GeV. It also leads to 95% confidence-level upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, σ(pp→tH ± +X)×B(H ± →τ ± ν) , between 0.76 pb and 4.5 fb, for charged Higgs boson masses ranging from 180 GeV to 1000 GeV. In the context of different scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, these results exclude nearly all values of tanβ  above one for charged Higgs boson masses between 80 GeV and 160 GeV, and exclude a region of parameter space with high tanβ  for H ±   masses between 200 GeV and 250 GeV
Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production

AbstractIntestinal microbiota are critical for health with changes associated with diverse human diseases. Research suggests that altered intestinal microbiota can profoundly affect brain function. However, whether altering brain function directly affects the microbiota is unknown. Since it is currently unclear how brain injury induces clinical complications such as infections or paralytic ileus, key contributors to prolonged hospitalization and death post-stroke, we tested in mice the hypothesis that brain damage induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. Experimental stroke altered the composition of caecal microbiota, with specific changes in Peptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae correlating with the extent of injury. These effects are mediated by noradrenaline release from the autonomic nervous system with altered caecal mucoprotein production and goblet cell numbers. Traumatic brain injury also caused changes in the gut microbiota, confirming brain injury effects gut microbiota. Changes in intestinal microbiota after brain injury may affect recovery and treatment of patients should appreciate such changes
Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences

The trimorphism of the active pharmaceutical ingredient piracetam is a famous case of polymorphism that has been frequently revisited by many researchers. The phase relationships between forms I, II, and III were ambiguous because they seemed to depend on the heating rate of the DSC and on the history of the samples or they have not been observed at all (equilibrium II–III). In the present paper, piezo-thermal analysis and high-pressure differential thermal analysis have been used to elucidate the positions of the different solid–solid and solid–liquid equilibria. The phase diagram, involving the three solid phases, the liquid phase and the vapor phase, has been constructed. It has been shown that form III is the high-pressure, low-temperature form and the stable form at room temperature. Form II is stable under intermediary conditions and form I is the low pressure, high temperature form, which possesses a stable melting point. The present paper demonstrates the strength of the topological approach based on the Clapeyron equation and the alternation rule when combined with high-pressure measurements.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space, parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

AbstractDating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms
Non-coplanar trajectories to improve organ at risk sparing in volumetric modulated arc therapy for primary brain tumors

AbstractBackground and purposeTo evaluate non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) trajectories for organ at risk (OAR) sparing in primary brain tumor radiotherapy.Materials and methodsFifteen patients were planned using coplanar VMAT and compared against non-coplanar VMAT plans for three trajectory optimization techniques. A geometric heuristic technique (GH) combined beam scoring and Dijkstra’s algorithm to minimize the importance-weighted sum of OAR volumes irradiated. Fluence optimization was used to perform a local search around coplanar and GH trajectories, producing fluence-based local search (FBLS) and FBLS+GH trajectories respectively.ResultsGH, FBLS, and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced doses to the contralateral globe, optic nerve, hippocampus, temporal lobe, and cochlea. However, FBLS increased dose to the ipsilateral lens, optic nerve and globe. Compared to GH, FBLS+GH increased dose to the ipsilateral temporal lobe and hippocampus, contralateral optics, and the brainstem and body. GH and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced bilateral hippocampi normal tissue complication probability (p=0.028 and p=0.043, respectively). All techniques reduced PTV conformity; GH and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced homogeneity but less so for FBLS+GH.ConclusionsThe geometric heuristic technique best spared OARs and reduced normal tissue complication probability, however incorporating fluence information into non-coplanar trajectory optimization maintained PTV homogeneity
Factors Influencing Participant's Satisfaction in a Victim-offender Program

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between external factors, internal factors and satisfaction level of participants in an adult victim-offender mediation (VOM) program. The validated “Criminal Mediation Satisfaction Questionnaire” (CSM-P) was administered to 103 offenders and 110 victims. Analysis explored in the entire sample variables related to satisfaction and the relationship between socio-legal variables, criminal record and mediation process with satisfaction level for victims and offenders as well as for participants with low and high satisfaction scores. Results show high satisfaction among victims and offenders. Victim’ age and absence of aggravating circumstances were related to higher satisfaction levels
Random versus holographic fluctuations of the background metric. I. (Cosmological) running of space–time dimension

AbstractA profound quantum-gravitational effect of space–time dimension running with respect to the size of space–time region has been discovered a few years ago through the numerical simulations of lattice quantum gravity in the framework of causal dynamical triangulation [hep-th/0505113] as well as in renormalization group approach to quantum gravity [hep-th/0508202]. Unfortunately, along these approaches the interpretation and the physical meaning of the effective change of dimension at shorter scales is not clear. The aim of this Letter is twofold. First, we find that box-counting dimension in face of finite resolution of space–time (generally implied by quantum gravity) shows a simple way how both the qualitative and the quantitative features of this effect can be understood. Second, considering two most interesting cases of random and holographic fluctuations of the background space, we find that it is random fluctuations that gives running dimension resulting in modification of Newton's inverse square law in a perfect agreement with the modification coming from one-loop gravitational radiative corrections
Sarcoptes-World Molecular Network (Sarcoptes-WMN): integrating research on scabies

SummaryParasites threaten human and animal health globally. It is estimated that more than 60% of people on planet Earth carry at least one parasite, many of them several different species. Unfortunately, parasite studies suffer from duplications and inconsistencies between different investigator groups. Hence, groups need to collaborate in an integrated manner in areas including parasite control, improved therapy strategies, diagnostic and surveillance tools, and public awareness. Parasite studies will be better served if there is coordinated management of field data and samples across multidisciplinary approach plans, among academic and non-academic organizations worldwide. In this paper we report the first ‘Living organism-World Molecular Network’, with the cooperation of 167 parasitologists from 88 countries on all continents. This integrative approach, the ‘Sarcoptes-World Molecular Network’, seeks to harmonize Sarcoptes epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and molecular studies from all over the world, with the aim of decreasing mite infestations in humans and animals
Regeneration of elastic fibers by three-dimensional culture on a collagen scaffold and the addition of latent TGF-β binding protein 4 to improve elastic matrix deposition

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of latent TGF-β binding protein 4 (LTBP-4) on elastic fiber regeneration in three-dimensional cultures of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Appropriate collagen scaffold for elastic fiber regeneration was also examined. Collagen sponges cross-linked at 120 °C and composed of small pores (25 μm on average) was favorable for elastic fiber regeneration by HDFs. Addition of LTBP-4, followed by culture for 21 days, accelerated elastic fiber accumulation within the scaffolds. Conditioned scaffolds containing either HDFs or LTBP-4-built mature elastic fibers were implanted between the dermis and the cutaneous muscle of mice. The combined use of HDFs and LTBP-4 resulted in thicker tissues containing elastic fibers. These results indicate that weakly cross-linked collagen sponges can be used as scaffolds for regenerating elastic fibers both in vitro and in vivo, and that the addition of LTBP-4 accelerates the deposition of both elastin and fibrillin-1, and increases cell proliferation. These techniques may be useful for generating cutaneous or cardiovascular tissue equivalents; furthermore, they may serve as a useful method for the three-dimensional analyses of drugs used to treat skin diseases or to examine the microstructure of elastin networks
Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV

AbstractThe pseudorapidity (η) and transverse-momentum (pT) distributions of charged particles produced in proton–proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy s=13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in |η|<1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in |η|<1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region |η|<0.5 is 5.31±0.18 and 6.46±0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15<pT<20 GeV/c and |η|<0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in |η|<1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators
Mobility impairment is associated with reduced microstructural integrity of the inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles in elderly with no clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction

AbstractWhile the cerebellum plays a critical role in motor coordination and control no studies have investigated its involvement in idiopathic mobility impairment in community-dwelling elderly. In this study we tested the hypothesis that structural changes in the cerebellar peduncles not detected by conventional magnetic resonance imaging are associated with reduced mobility performance. The analysis involved eighty-five subjects (age range: 75–90years) who had no clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction. Based on the short physical performance battery (SPPB) score, we defined mobility status of the subjects in the study as normal (score 11–12, n=26), intermediate (score 9–10, n=27) or impaired (score <9, n=32). We acquired diffusion tensor imaging data to obtain indices of white matter integrity: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). Using a parcellation atlas, regional indices within the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles (ICP, MCP, SCP) were calculated and their associations with mobility performance were analyzed. Subjects with impaired mobility showed reduced FA and AD values in the ICP and SCP but not in the MCP. The ICP-FA, ICP-AD and SCP-FA indices showed a significant association with the SPPB score. We also observed significant correlation between ICP-FA and walk time (r=−0.311, p=0.004), as well as between SCP-AD and self-paced maximum walking velocity (r=0.385, p=0.003) and usual walking velocity (r=0.400, p=0.002). In logistic regression analysis ICP-FA and ICP-AD together explained 51% of the variability in the mobility status of a sample comprising the normal and impaired subgroups, and correctly classified more than three-quarters of those subjects. Our findings suggest that presence of microstructural damage, likely axonal, in afferent and efferent connections of the cerebellum contributes to the deterioration of motor performance in older people
Duodeno-colic fistula as a rare presentation of lung cancer — surgical treatment of a stage IV oligometastatic lung disease

ABSTRACTIntroductionRare adenosquamous carcinomas have no defined standard approach given their low incidence. They present with nonspecific imaging characteristics and are described as having worse prognosis than other lung malignancies, with greater likelihood of local invasion and early metastasis.Presentation of caseMale caucasian patient, 43 years, 26 pack-year smoking history, presented with watery diarrhea, early emesis and loss of 25% body weight (20kg) in four weeks. Colonoscopy identified a left colonic mass. Abdominal CT/ultrasound showed a large fistulous lesion between the 4th portion of the duodenum and left colon. CT showed a solid mass in the right upper lung lobe. Endoscopy and transthoracic biopsy were inconclusive. En bloc D3 and D4 duodenectomy, proximal enterectomy and left hemicolectomy were performed, with inconclusive histology of the specimen. Three months later, a right upper lung lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed, revealing an adenosquamous carcinoma of lung origin, R0, staged as pT2pN0pM1b. Six months later, a single dural metastasis in the left cerebellopontine angle was detected and resected, with subsequent holocranial radiotherapy and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Patient is currently with 18 months follow-up, in good general health and with no evidence of recurrent disease.DiscussionThere are no specific guidelines to treat oligometastatic adenosquamous lung carcinoma. Our approach was abdominal surgery as a life-saving procedure and, months later, oncological resection of primary lung tumor and metachronous metastasis to the brain.ConclusionA systematic, patient-oriented, patient-shared, multidisciplinary approach is particularly relevant when dealing with atypical presentations of rare diseases in young patients
Nuclear structure beyond the neutron drip line: The lowest energy states in 9He via their T=5/2 isobaric analogs in 9Li

AbstractThe level structure of the very neutron rich and unbound 9He nucleus has been the subject of significant experimental and theoretical study. Many recent works have claimed that the two lowest energy 9He states exist with spins Jπ=1/2+ and Jπ=1/2− and widths on the order of 100–200 keV. These findings cannot be reconciled with our contemporary understanding of nuclear structure. The present work is the first high-resolution study with low statistical uncertainty of the relevant excitation energy range in the 8He+n system, performed via a search for the T=5/2 isobaric analog states in 9Li populated through 8He+p elastic scattering. The present data show no indication of any narrow structures. Instead, we find evidence for a broad Jπ=1/2+ state in 9He located approximately 3 MeV above the neutron decay threshold
Semi-simple unification on T6/Z12 orientifold in the type IIB supergravity

AbstractThe semi-simple unification model based on SU(5)GUT×U(3)H gauge group is an interesting extension of the minimal SU(5)GUT grand unification theory (GUT), since it solves the two serious problems in the standard GUT: the triplet–doublet splitting problem and the presence of dangerous dimension five operators for proton decay. Here, the extra U(3)H gauge interaction plays a crucial role on the GUT breaking. In this Letter, we show that the full multiplet structure of the U(3)H sector required for the desired GUT breaking is reproduced naturally on T6/Z12 orientifold in the type IIB supergravity with a D3–D7 system. The SU(5)GUT vector multiplet lives on D7-branes and the U(3)H sector resides on D3-branes. We also show that various interesting features in the original SU(5)GUT×U(3)H model are explained in the present brane-world scenario. A possible extension to the type IIB string theory is also discussed
Explicit solutions of generalized Cauchy–Riemann systems using the transplant operator

AbstractIn Kravchenko (2008) [8] it was shown that the tool introduced there and called the transplant operator transforms solutions of one Vekua equation into solutions of another Vekua equation, related to the first via a Schrödinger equation. In this paper we prove a fundamental property of this operator: it preserves the order of zeros and poles of generalized analytic functions and transforms formal powers of the first Vekua equation into formal powers of the same order for the second Vekua equation. This property allows us to obtain positive formal powers and a generating sequence of a “complicated” Vekua equation from positive formal powers and a generating sequence of a “simpler” Vekua equation. Similar results are obtained regarding the construction of Cauchy kernels. Elliptic and hyperbolic pseudoanalytic function theories are considered and examples are given to illustrate the procedure
Response of Unruh–DeWitt detector with time-dependent acceleration

AbstractIt is well known that a detector, coupled linearly to a quantum field and accelerating through the inertial vacuum with a constant acceleration g, will behave as though it is immersed in a radiation field with temperature T=(g/2π). We study a generalization of this result for detectors moving with a time-dependent acceleration g(τ) along a given direction. After defining the rate of excitation of the detector appropriately, we evaluate this rate for time-dependent acceleration, g(τ), to linear order in the parameter η=g˙/g2. In this case, we have three length scales in the problem: g−1, (g˙/g)−1 and ω−1 where ω is the energy difference between the two levels of the detector at which the spectrum is probed. We show that: (a) When ω−1≪g−1≪(g˙/g)−1, the rate of transition of the detector corresponds to a slowly varying temperature T(τ)=g(τ)/2π, as one would have expected. (b) However, when g−1≪ω−1≪(g˙/g)−1, we find that the spectrum is modified even at the order O(η). This is counter-intuitive because, in this case, the relevant frequency does not probe the rate of change of the acceleration since (g˙/g)≪ω and we certainly do not have deviation from the thermal spectrum when g˙=0. This result shows that there is a subtle discontinuity in the behavior of detectors with g˙=0 and g˙/g2 being arbitrarily small. We corroborate this result by evaluating the detector response for a particular trajectory which admits an analytic expression for the poles of the Wightman function
Residence Times of Receptors in Dendritic Spines Analyzed by Stochastic Simulations in Empirical Domains

AbstractAnalysis of high-density superresolution imaging of receptors reveals the organization of dendrites at nanoscale resolution. We present here an apparently novel method that uses local statistics extracted from short-range trajectories for the simulations of long-range trajectories in empirical live cell images. Based on these empirical simulations, we compute the residence time of a receptor in dendritic spines that accounts for receptors’ local interactions and geometrical membrane organization. We report here that depending on the type of the spine, the residence time varies from 1 to 5 min. Moreover, we show that there exists transient organized structures, previously described as potential wells that can regulate the trafficking of receptors to dendritic spine: the simulation results suggest that receptor trafficking is regulated by transient structures
On the convergence to the multiple Wiener–Itô integral

AbstractWe study the convergence to the multiple Wiener–Itô integral from processes with absolutely continuous paths. More precisely, consider a family of processes, with paths in the Cameron–Martin space, that converges weakly to a standard Brownian motion in C0([0,T]). Using these processes, we construct a family that converges weakly, in the sense of the finite dimensional distributions, to the multiple Wiener–Itô integral process of a function f∈L2([0,T]n). We prove also the weak convergence in the space C0([0,T]) to the second-order integral for two important families of processes that converge to a standard Brownian motion