pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Langevin approach to generate synthetic turbulent flows

We present an analytical scheme, easily implemented numerically, to generate synthetic Gaussian turbulent flows by using a linear Langevin equation, where the noise term acts as a stochastic stirring force. The characteristic parameters of the velocity field are well introduced, in particular the kinematic viscosity and the spectrum of energy. As an application, the diffusion of a passive scalar is studied for two different energy spectra. Numerical results are compared favorably with analytical calculations
Isothermal titration calorimetry with micelles : thermodynamics of inhibitor binding to carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 membrane protein

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT-2) is a key enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. The active site is comprised of a Y-shaped tunnel with distinct binding sites for the substrate acylcarnitine and the cofactor CoA. We investigated the thermodynamics of binding of four inhibitors directed against either the CoA or the acylcarnitine binding sites using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). CPT-2 is a monotopic membrane protein and was solubilized by β-octylglucoside (β-OG) above its critical micellar concentration (CMC) to perform inhibitor titrations in solutions containing detergent micelles. The CMC of β-OG in the presence of inhibitors was measured with ITC and small variations were observed. The inhibitors bound to rat CPT-2 (rCPT-2) with 1:1 stoichiometry and the dissociation constants were in the range of KD = 2–20 μM. New X-ray structures and docking models of rCPT-2 in complex with inhibitors enable an analysis of the thermodynamic data in the context of the interaction observed for the individual binding sites of the ligands. For all ligands the binding enthalpy was exothermic, and enthalpy as well as entropy contributed to the binding reaction, with the exception of ST1326 for which binding was solely enthalpy-driven. The substrate analog ST1326 binds to the acylcarnitine binding site and a heat capacity change close to zero suggests a balance of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. An excellent correlation of the thermodynamic (ITC) and structural (X-ray crystallography, models) data was observed suggesting that ITC measurements provide valuable information for optimizing inhibitor binding in drug discovery
Advanced packaging automation for opto-electronic systems

Virology, 351(2), 271-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.01.051In this paper, we present a learning control
algorithm used in our research of advanced opto-electronic
automation, which yields high performance, low cost optoelectronic
alignment and packaging through the use of
intelligent control theory and system-level modeling. The
learning loop technique is activated at a lower sampling
frequency for specific and appropriate tasks, to improve the
knowledge based control model. Our automation technique
is based on constructing an a priori knowledge based model,
specific to the assembled package’s optical power
propagation characteristics. From this model, a piece-wise
linear inverse model is created and used in the “feedforward”
loop. This model can be updated for increased
accuracy through the learning loop
Deep radio images of the HEGRA and Whipple TeV sources in the Cygnus OB2
  region

Context. The modern generation of Cherenkov telescopes has revealed a new
population of gamma-ray sources in the Galaxy. Some of them have been
identified with previously known X-ray binary systems while other remain
without clear counterparts a lower energies. Our initial goal here was
reporting on extensive radio observations of the first extended and yet
unidentified source, namely TeV J2032+4130. This object was originally detected
by the HEGRA telescope in the direction of the Cygnus OB2 region and its nature
has been a matter of debate during the latest years.
  Aims. We aim to pursue our radio exploration of the TeV J2032+4130 position
that we initiated in a previous paper but taking now into account the latest
results from new Whipple and MILAGRO TeV telescopes.
  Methods. Our investigation is mostly based on interferometric radio
observations with the Giant Metre Wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) close to Pune
(India) and the Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico (USA). We also conducted
near infrared observations with the 3.5 m telescope and the OMEGA2000 camera at
the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) in Almeria (Spain).
  Results. We present deep radio maps centered on the TeV J2032+4130 position
at different wavelengths. In particular, our 49 and 20 cm maps cover a field of
view larger than half a degree that fully includes the Whipple position and the
peak of MILAGRO emission. Our most important result here is a catalogue of 153
radio sources detected at 49 cm within the GMRT antennae primary beam with a
full width half maximum (FWHM) of 43 arc-minute. Moreover, our
multi-configuration VLA images reveal the non-thermal extended emission
previously reported by us with improved angular resolution.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 online catalogue. Accepted for publication in
  Astronomy & Astrophysic
Renormalizable Sectors in Resonance Chiral Theory: S -> pi pi Decay
  Amplitude

We develop a resonance chiral theory without any a priori limitation on the
number of derivatives in the hadronic operators. Through an exhaustive analysis
of the resonance lagrangian and by means of field redefinitions, we find that
the number of independent operator contributing to the S -> pi pi decay
amplitude is finite: there is only one single-trace operator (the cd term) and
three multi-trace terms. The deep implication of this fact is that the
ultraviolet divergences that appear in this amplitude at the loop level can
only appear through these chiral invariant structures. Hence, a renormalization
of these couplings renders the amplitude finite.Comment: 4 page
Key results from an XMM-Newton and Chandra study of a new sample of extreme ULXs from the 2XMM catalogue.

We present highlights from a study of a sample of 10 extreme-luminosity candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (LX >\ud
5×1040 erg s\ud
−1), all at distances <100 Mpc, identified from a cross-correlation of the RC3 catalogue of galaxies with\ud
the 2XMM catalogue. Five of the sample have also been observed by Chandra. Of the 10 sources, seven reside in the\ud
disc or arms of spiral galaxies, and the remaining three are close to large elliptical galaxies. Unlike many less luminous\ud
ultraluminous X-ray sources, temporal variability is observed on short (ks) and long (yr) timescales for most sources in\ud
our sample. Long term spectral variability is also evident in some sources. In one case, we use archival Chandra data to\ud
demonstrate that a hyperluminous X-ray source candidate identified by XMM-Newton is actually resolved into multiple\ud
point sources at high spatial resolution, but note that the other candidates remain unresolved under Chandra’s intense\ud
scrutiny
Delambre-Gauss Formulas for Augmented, Right-Angled Hexagons in
  Hyperbolic 4-Space

We study the geometry of oriented right-angled hexagons in H^4, the
hyperbolic 4-space, via Clifford numbers or quaternions. We show how to augment
alternate sides of such a hexagon so that for the non-augmented sides, we can
define quaternion half side-lengths whose angular parts are obtained from half
the Euler angles associated to a certain orientation-preserving isometry of the
Euclidean 3-space. This generalizes the complex half side-lengths of oriented
right-angled hexagons in H^3. We also define appropriate complex half
side-lengths for the augmented sides of the hexagon. We further explain how to
geometrically read off the quaternion half side-lengths for a given
oriented,augmented, right-angled hexagon in H^4. Our main result is a set of
generalized Delambre-Gauss formulas for oriented, augmented, right-angled
hexagons in H^4, involving the quaternion half side-lengths and the complex
half side-lengths. We also show in the appendix how the same method gives
Delambre-Gauss formulas for oriented right-angled hexagons in H^3, from which
the well-known sine and cosine laws can be deduced. These formulas generalize
the classical Delambre-Gauss formulas for spherical/hyperbolic triangles.Comment: 32 pages, 2 figures. Added new references, proof to Proposition 2.3,
  and Remark 5.11; and shifted Notation 5.7 to its new plac
Gamma-Ray Bursts and Quantum Cosmic Censorship

Gamma-ray bursts are believed to result from the coalescence of binary
neutron stars. However, the standard proposals for conversion of the
gravitational energy to thermal energy have difficulties. We show that if the
merger of the two neutron stars results in a naked singularity, instead of a
black hole, the ensuing quantum particle creation can provide the requisite
thermal energy in a straightforward way. The back-reaction of the created
particles can avoid the formation of the naked singularity predicted by the
classical theory. Hence cosmic censorship holds in the quantum theory, even if
it were to be violated in classical general relativity.Comment: Latex File, 6 pages. This essay received the third award from the
  Gravity Research Foundation for the year 199
Gravitational fields of rotating disks and black holes

The two known exact solutions of Einstein's field equations describing
rotating objects of physical significance - a black hole and a rigidly rotating
disk of dust - are discussed using a single mathematical framework related to
Jacobi's inversion problem. Both solutions can be represented in such a form
that they differ in the choice of a complex parameter and a real solution of
the axisymmetric Laplace equation only. A recently found family of solutions
describing differentially rotating disks of dust fits into the same scheme.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Talk presented at the "Journees Relativistes" in
  Weimar, September 1999. Submitted to Ann. Phys. (Leipzig
Homeotic Supersymmetry

It is commonly believed that unbroken supersymmetry (SUSY) implies that all
members of a supermultiplet have the same mass. We demonstrate that this is not
true, by exhibiting a simple counterexample. We employ the formalism of
homeotic fermions, in a simple model where CPT conjugate fermions have
different masses. This model can be supersymmetrized to a hypermultiplet of
fields which form a representation of the conventional N=2 SUSY algebra.
Nevertheless, CPT conjugate states in this hypermultiplet have different
masses. These surprising results do not violate either the CPT theorem nor the
Haag-Lopuszanski-Sohnius theorem.Comment: 4 pages, revte
Search for heavy lepton partners of neutrinos in proton-proton
  collisions in the context of the type III seesaw mechanism

A search is presented in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV for
fermionic triplet states expected in type III seesaw models. The search is
performed using final states with three isolated charged leptons and an
imbalance in transverse momentum. The data, collected with the CMS detector at
the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. No
excess of events is observed above the background predicted by the standard
model, and the results are interpreted in terms of limits on production cross
sections and masses of the heavy partners of the neutrinos in type III seesaw
models. Depending on the considered scenarios, lower limits are obtained on the
mass of the heavy partner of the neutrino that range from 180 to 210 GeV. These
are the first limits on the production of type III seesaw fermionic triplet
states reported by an experiment at the LHC.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Membrane mediated aggregation of curvature inducing nematogens and
  membrane tubulation

The shapes of cell membranes are largely regulated by membrane associated,
curvature active, proteins. We use a numerical model of the membrane with
elongated membrane inclusions, recently developed by us, which posses
spontaneous directional curvatures that could be different along and
perpendicular to its long axis. We show that, due to membrane mediated
interactions these curvature inducing membrane nematogens can oligomerize
spontaneously, even at low concentrations, and change the local shape of the
membrane. We demonstrate that for a large group of such inclusions, where the
two spontaneous curvatures have equal sign, the tubular conformation and
sometime the sheet conformation of the membrane are the common equilibrium
shapes. We elucidate the factors necessary for the formation of these {\it
protein lattices}. Furthermore, the elastic properties of the tubes, like their
compressional stiffness and persistence length are calculated. Finally, we
discuss the possible role of nematic disclination in capping and branching of
the tubular membranes.Comment: 15pages, 8 figure
On the origin of non self-gravitating filaments in the ISM

{Filaments are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium as recently emphasized
by Herschel, yet their physical origin remains elusive} {It is therefore
important to understand the physics of molecular clouds to investigate how
filaments form and what is the role played by various processes such as
turbulence and magnetic field.} {We use ideal MHD simulations to study the
formation of clumps in various conditions including different magnetization and
Mach numbers as well as two completely different setup. We then perform several
analysis to compute the shape of the clumps and their link to velocities and
forces using various approaches.} {We find that on average, clumps in MHD
simulations are more filamentary that clumps in hydrodynamical simulations.
Detailed analyses reveal that the filaments are in general preferentially
aligned with the strain which means that these structures simply result from
the strech induced by turbulence. Moreover filaments tend to be confined by the
Lorentz force which therefore lead them to survive longer in magnetized flows.
We show that they have in all simulations a typical thickness equal to a few
grid cells suggesting that they are primarily associated to the energy
dissipation within the flow. We estimate the order of magnitude of the
dissipation length associated to the ion-neutral friction and conclude that in
well UV shielded regions it is of the order of 0.1 pc and therefore could
possibly set the typical size of non self-gravitating filaments.} {Filaments
are ubiquitous because they are the results of the very generic turbulent
strain and because magnetic field help to keep them coherent. We suggest that
energy dissipation is playing a determinant role in their formation.}Comment: 18 pages, to be published in A&
Interstellar dust properties of M51 from AKARI mid-infrared images

Using mid-infrared (MIR) images of four photometric bands of the Infrared
Camera (IRC) onboard the AKARI satellite, S7 (7 um), S11 (11 um), L15 (15 um),
and L24 (24 um), we investigate the interstellar dust properties of the nearby
pair of galaxies M51 with respect to its spiral arm structure. The arm and
interarm regions being defined based on a spatially filtered stellar component
model image, we measure the arm-to-interarm contrast for each band. The
contrast is lowest in the S11 image, which is interpreted as that among the
four AKARI MIR bands the S11 image best correlates with the spatial
distribution of dust grains including colder components, while the L24 image
with the highest contrast traces warmer dust heated by star forming activities.
The surface brightness ratio between the bands, i.e. color, is measured over
the disk of the main galaxy, M51a, at 300 pc resolution. We find that the
distribution of S7/S11 is smooth and well traces the global spiral arm pattern
while L15/S11 and L24/S11 peak at individual HII regions. This result indicates
that the ionization state of PAHs is related to the spiral structure.
Comparison with observational data and dust models also supports the importance
of the variation in the PAH ionization state within the M51a disk. However, the
mechanism driving this variation is not yet clear from currently available data
sets. Another suggestion from the comparison with the models is that the PAH
fraction to the total dust mass is higher than previously estimated.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Deep inelastic scattering structure functions of holographic spin-1
  hadrons with $N_f \geq 1$

Two-point current correlation functions of the large $N$ limit of
supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories at strong coupling
are investigated in terms of their string theory dual models with quenched
flavors. We consider non-Abelian global symmetry currents, which allow one to
investigate vector mesons with $N_f > 1$. From the correlation functions we
construct the deep inelastic scattering hadronic tensor of spin-one mesons,
obtaining the corresponding eight structure functions for polarized vector
mesons. We obtain several relations among the structure functions. Relations
among some of their moments are also derived. Aspects of the sub-leading
contributions in the $1/N$ and $N_f/N$ expansions are discussed. At leading
order we find a universal behavior of the hadronic structure functions.Comment: 48 pages, 8 figure
Observation of $Z$ production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb

The first observation of $Z$ boson production in proton-lead collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5~\text{TeV}$
is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of
$1.6~\text{nb}^{-1}$ collected with the LHCb detector. The $Z$ candidates are
reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities
between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above $20~\text{GeV}/c$. The
invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range $60-120~\text{GeV}/c^2$. The
$Z$ production cross-section is measured to be
  \begin{eqnarray*}
  \sigma_{Z\to\mu^+\mu^-}(\text{fwd})&=&13.5^{+5.4}_{-4.0}\text{(stat.)}\pm1.2\text{(syst.)}~\text{nb}
\end{eqnarray*} in the direction of the proton beam and
  \begin{eqnarray*}
  \sigma_{Z\to\mu^+\mu^-}(\text{bwd}) &
=&10.7^{+8.4}_{-5.1}\text{(stat.)}\pm1.0\text{(syst.)}~\text{nb}
  \end{eqnarray*} in the direction of the lead beam, where the first
uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure
Bystander effects and their implications for clinical radiation therapy:
  Insights from multiscale in silico experiments

Radiotherapy is a commonly used treatment for cancer and is usually given in
varying doses. At low radiation doses relatively few cells die as a direct
response to radiation but secondary radiation effects such as DNA mutation or
bystander effects affect many cells. Consequently it is at low radiation levels
where an understanding of bystander effects is essential in designing novel
therapies with superior clinical outcomes. In this article, we use a hybrid
multiscale mathematical model to study the direct effects of radiation as well
as radiation-induced bystander effects on both tumour cells and normal cells.
We show that bystander responses may play a major role in mediating radiation
damage to cells at low-doses of radiotherapy, doing more damage than that due
to direct radiation. The survival curves derived from our computational
simulations showed an area of hyper-radiosensitivity at low-doses that are not
obtained using a traditional radiobiological model
Remnants of Black Rings from Gravity's Rainbow

In this paper, we investigate a spinning black ring and a charged black ring
in the context of gravity's rainbow. By incorporating rainbow functions
proposed by Amelino-Camelia, et al. in [arXiv:hep-th/9605211,
arXiv:0806.0339v2] in the metric of the black rings, a considerable
modification happens to their thermodynamical properties. We calculate
corrections to the temperature, entropy and heat capacity of the black rings.
These calculations demonstrate that the behavior of Hawking radiation changes
considerably near the Planck scale in gravity's rainbow, where it is shown that
black rings do not evaporate completely and a remnant is left as the black
rings evaporate down to Planck scale.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure
Brane-Anti-Brane Solution and SUSY Effective Potential in Five
  Dimensional Mirabelli-Peskin Model

A localized configuration is found in the 5D bulk-boundary theory on an
$S_1/Z_2$ orbifold model of Mirabelli-Peskin. A bulk scalar and the extra
(fifth) component of the bulk vector constitute the configuration. $\Ncal=1$
SUSY is preserved. The effective potential of the SUSY theory is obtained using
the background field method. The vacuum is treated in a general way by allowing
its dependence on the extra coordinate. Taking into account the {\it
supersymmetric boundary condition}, the 1-loop full potential is obtained. The
scalar-loop contribution to the Casimir energy is also obtained. Especially we
find a {\it new} type which depends on the brane configuration parameters
besides the $S_1$ periodicity parameter.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Some points are improve
The basic cohomology of the twisted N=16, D=2 super Maxwell theory

We consider a recently proposed two-dimensional Abelian model for a Hodge
theory, which is neither a Witten type nor a Schwarz type topological theory.
It is argued that this model is not a good candidate for a Hodge theory since,
on-shell, the BRST Laplacian vanishes. We show, that this model allows for a
natural extension such that the resulting topological theory is of Witten type
and can be identified with the twisted N=16, D=2 super Maxwell theory.
Furthermore, the underlying basic cohomology preserves the Hodge-type structure
and, on-shell, the BRST Laplacian does not vanish.Comment: 9 pages, Latex; new Section 4 showing the invariants added; 2
  references and relating remarks adde
Tensionless strings, correspondence with SO(D,D) sigma model

String theory with perimeter action is tensionless by its geometrical nature
and has pure massless spectrum of higher spin gauge particles. I demonstrate
that liner transformation of the world-sheet fields defines a map to the
SO(D,D) sigma model equipped by additional Abelian constraint, which breaks
SO(D,D) to a diagonal SO(1,D-1). The effective tension is equal to the square
of the dimensional coupling constant of the perimeter action. This
correspondence allows to view the perimeter action as a "square root" of the
Nambu-Goto area action. The aforementioned map between tensionless strings and
SO(D,D) sigma model allows to introduce the vertex operators in full analogy
with the standard string theory and to confirm the form of the vertex operators
introduced earlier.Comment: Latex, 9 page
The Einstein 3-form $G_{a}$ and its equivalent 1-form $L_{a}$ in Riemann-Cartan space

The definition of the Einstein 3-form G_a is motivated by means of the contracted 2nd Bianchi identity. This definition involves at first the complete curvature 2-form. The 1-form L_a is defined via G_a = L^b \wedge #(o_b \wedge o_a). Here # denotes the Hodge-star, o_a the coframe, and \wedge the exterior product. The L_a is equivalent to the Einstein 3-form and represents a certain contraction of the curvature 2-form. A variational formula of Salgado on quadratic invariants of the L_a 1-form is discussed, generalized, and put into proper perspective