pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
[(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography of LAPC4-CR castration-resistant prostate cancer xenograft mod in soft tissue compartments

Preclinical xenograftmodels have contributed to advancing our understanding of themolecular basis of prostate cancer and to the development of targeted therapy.However, traditional preclinical in vivo techniques using caliper measurements and survival analysis evaluate the macroscopic tumor behavior, whereas tissue sampling disrupts the microenvironment and cannot be used for longitudinal studies in the same animal. Herein,we present an in vivo study of [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) designed to evaluate the metabolism within the microenvironment of LAPC4-CR, a unique murine model of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mice bearing LAPC4-CR subcutaneous tumors were administered [18F]-FDG via intravenous injection. After a 60-minute distribution phase, themice were imaged on a PET/CT scanner with submillimeter resolution; and the fused PET/CT images were analyzed to evaluate tumor size, location, and metabolismacross the cohort ofmice. The xenograft tumors showed [¹⁸F]-FDG uptake that was independent of tumor size and was significantly greater than uptake in skeletal muscle and liver in mice (Wilcoxon signedrank P values of .0002 and .0002, respectively). [¹⁸F]-FDG metabolism of the LAPC4-CR tumors was 2.1 ± 0.8 ID/cm³*wt, with tumor to muscle ratio of 7.4 ± 4.7 and tumor to liver background ratio of 6.7 ± 2.3. Noninvasive molecular imaging techniques such as PET/CT can be used to probe the microenvironment of tumors in vivo. This study showed that [18F]- FDG-PET/CT could be used to image and assess glucose metabolism of LAPC4-CR xenografts in vivo. Further work can investigate the use of PET/CT to quantify the metabolic response of LAPC4-CR to novel agents and combination therapies using soft tissue and possibly bone compartment xenograft models.Keisha C. McCall, Su-Chun Cheng, Ying Huang, Nancy E. Kohl, Tanya Tupper, Annick D. Van den Abbeele, Katherine A. Zukotynsk, and Christopher J. Sweene
Determination of the top-quark pole mass using tt ¯ +1 -jet events collected with the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV pp  collisions

The normalized differential cross section for top-quark pair production in association with at least one jet is studied as a function of the inverse of the invariant mass of the tt ¯ +1 -jet system. This distribution can be used for a precise determination of the top-quark mass since gluon radiation depends on the mass of the quarks. The experimental analysis is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb⁻¹. The selected events were identified using the lepton+jets top-quark-pair decay channel, where lepton refers to either an electron or a muon. The observed distribution is compared to a theoretical prediction at next-to-leading-order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics using the pole-mass scheme. With this method, the measured value of the top-quark pole mass, m pole t  , is: m pole t   =173.7 ±  1.5 (stat.) ±  1.4 (syst.)  +1.0 −0.5   (theory) GeV. This result represents the most precise measurement of the top-quark pole mass to date
Effect of gender on quality and nutritive value of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) longissimus lumborum muscle

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effect of gender on nutritive value of dromedary camel longissimus lumborum (collagen content, amino acids and fatty acids). Fourteen longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles (from 7 males and 7 females) were collected from 2 to 3year old camels. Animals were fattened by herders and slaughtered following commercial slaughterhouse procedures in Sudan. Samples were collected between the 1st and 5th lumbar vertebrae of the right carcass side. There was no effect of gender on intramuscular fat content, insoluble OH proline and total OH proline (μg/DM). Additionally no significant differences were found in amino acid composition between genders. However, muscles from female camels had significantly (P<0.05) higher arginine content (1460mg/100g) than males (1460mg/100g). The results showed no significant differences between genders for total saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions in camel meat. In contrast significant differences were revealed for some specific MUFA and PUFA (18:1 delta 10–11 trans, × 1.51, (P=0.05), CLA (trans 11, cis 9 18:2, × 1.33% (P=0.11) and trans 10, cis 12 18:2, × 5.7, (P=0.03) in female muscles). PUFA/SFA ratio was found closer to the recommended value for human nutrition (0.45). Also the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower than the recommended values for healthy human diets (4.0). Altogether, these results indicated high nutritive value of dromedary camel meat compared to meat from other farm animals
The spectral data for Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori in R4

AbstractThis article determines the spectral data, in the integrable systems sense, for all weakly conformally immersed Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian in R4. This enables us to describe their moduli space and the locus of branch points of such an immersion. This is also an informative example in integrable systems geometry, since the group of ambient isometries acts non-trivially on the spectral data and the relevant energy functional (the area) need not be constant under deformations by higher flows
Comparing Palliative Care in Care Homes Across Europe (PACE): Protocol of a Cross-sectional Study of Deceased Residents in 6 EU Countries

AbstractObjectivesAlthough a growing number of older people are dying in care homes, palliative care has developed in these settings only recently. Cross-country representative comparative research hardly exists in this area. As part of a large EU-funded project, we aim to undertake representative comparative research in care homes in Europe, to describe and compare 6 countries in terms of (1) resident outcomes, quality and costs of palliative and end-of-life care; and (2) palliative care structures and staff knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care. We also aim to explore country, facility, staff, patient, and care characteristics related to better outcomes at resident level.Design and MethodsTo obtain a representative nationwide sample, we will conduct a large-scale cross-sectional study of deceased residents in care homes in Belgium, Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom, using proportional stratified random sampling (taking into account region, facility type and bed capacity). In each country, all participating care homes retrospectively report all deaths of residents in and outside the facilities over the previous 3-month period. For each case, structured questionnaires, including validated instruments, are sent to (1) the administrator/manager, (2) staff member most involved in care, (3) treating physician (general practitioner or elderly care physician), and (4) a closely involved relative. It is estimated that, per country, 50 care homes are needed on average to obtain a minimum of 200 deceased residents. Collected data include clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, quality of dying, quality and costs of palliative care and end-of-life care, and palliative care structures at the facility level and country level. To obtain a representative view of staff knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care, PACE will conduct a cross-sectional study of staff working in the participating care homes.ConclusionConsidering the growing challenges associated with aging in all European countries, there is an urgent need to build a robust international comparative evidence base that can inform the development of policies to target improved palliative care in care homes. By describing this research protocol, we hope to inform international research in care homes on how to perform representative end-of-life care research in these settings and better understand which systems are associated with better outcomes
Exact finite-size corrections and corner free energies for the c=−2 universality class

AbstractWe consider the partition functions of the anisotropic dimer model on the rectangular (2M−1)×(2N−1) lattice with (a) free and (b) cylindrical boundary conditions with a single monomer residing on the boundary. We express (a) and (b) in terms of a principal partition function with twisted boundary conditions. Based on these expressions, we derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the free energy for both cases (a) and (b). We confirm the conformal field theory prediction for the corner free energy of these models, and find the central charge is c=−2. We also show that the dimer model on the cylinder with an odd number of sites on the perimeter exhibits the same finite-size corrections as on the plane
The Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) : a large simple randomised controlled trial using novel methodology in primary care.

Background\ud
\ud
Clinical trials measuring the effect of an intervention on clinical outcomes are more influential than those investigating surrogate measures but are costly. We developed methods to reduce costs substantially by using existing data in primary care systems, to ask whether Helicobacter pylori eradication would reduce the incidence of hospitalisation for ulcer bleeding in aspirin users.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
The Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) is a National Institute of Health Research-funded, double-blind placebo controlled randomised trial of the effects of H. pylori eradication on subsequent ulcer bleeding in infected individuals taking aspirin daily, conducted in practices across the whole of England, Wales and Northern Ireland. A bespoke web-based trial management system developed for the trial (and housed within the secure NHS Data Network) communicates directly with the HEAT Toolkit software downloaded at participating practices, which issues queries searching entry criteria (≥ 60 years, on chronic aspirin ≤ 325 mg daily, not on anti-ulcer therapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) for GP review of eligibility. Trial participation is invited using a highly secure automated online mail management system. Interested patients are seen once for consent and breath testing. Those with a positive test are randomised to eradication treatment (lansoprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole) or placebo, with drug sent by post. Events are tracked by upload of accumulating information in the GP database, patient contact, review of National Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics data.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
\ud
HEAT is the largest Clinical Research Network-supported drug trial, with 115,660 invitation letters sent from 850 practices, 22,922 volunteers, and 3038 H. pylori positive patients randomised to active or placebo treatment after 2.5 years of recruitment. 178 practices have performed their first follow-up data search to identify 21 potential endpoints to date.\ud
\ud
Discussion\ud
\ud
HEAT is important medically, because aspirin is so widely used, and methodologically, as a successful trial would show that large-scale studies of important clinical outcomes can be conducted at a fraction of the cost of those conducted by industry, which in turn will help to ensure that trials of primarily medical rather than commercial interest can be conducted successfully in the UK
Small-time expansions of the distributions, densities, and option prices of stochastic volatility models with Lévy jumps

AbstractWe consider a stochastic volatility model with Lévy jumps for a log-return process Z=(Zt)t≥0 of the form Z=U+X, where U=(Ut)t≥0 is a classical stochastic volatility process and X=(Xt)t≥0 is an independent Lévy process with absolutely continuous Lévy measure ν. Small-time expansions, of arbitrary polynomial order, in time-t, are obtained for the tails P(Zt≥z), z>0, and for the call-option prices E(ez+Zt−1)+, z≠0, assuming smoothness conditions on the density of ν away from the origin and a small-time large deviation principle on U. Our approach allows for a unified treatment of general payoff functions of the form φ(x)1x≥z for smooth functions φ and z>0. As a consequence of our tail expansions, the polynomial expansions in t of the transition densities ft are also obtained under mild conditions
New compact forms of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars–Schneider system

AbstractThe reduction of the quasi-Hamiltonian double of SU(n) that has been shown to underlie Ruijsenaars' compactified trigonometric n-body system is studied in its natural generality. The constraints contain a parameter y, restricted in previous works to 0<y<π/n because Ruijsenaars' original compactification relies on an equivalent condition. It is found that allowing generic 0<y<π/2 results in the appearance of new self-dual compact forms of two qualitatively different types depending on the value of y. The type (i) cases are similar to the standard case in that the reduced phase space comes equipped with globally smooth action and position variables, and turns out to be symplectomorphic to CPn−1 as a Hamiltonian toric manifold. In the type (ii) cases both the position variables and the action variables develop singularities on a nowhere dense subset. A full classification is derived for the parameter y according to the type (i) versus type (ii) dichotomy. The simplest new type (i) systems, for which π/n<y<π/(n−1), are described in some detail as an illustration
Ulcus vulvae acutum — A case of genital ulcers in adolescent girl

AbstractUlcus vulvae acutum is a rare clinical condition characterized by the presence of multiple acute painful genital ulcers of non-venereal origin associated with systemic symptoms in young women. The aetiopathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood, although recent reports have associated it with the Epstein–Barr virus. Diagnosis is difficult and generally made by exclusion after venereal diseases, and autoimmune, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic causes. We describe a case of adolescent female with an episode of ulcus vulvae acutum associated with infectious mononucleosis. The diagnosis was supported by the clinical symptoms, elevated circulating levels of liver enzymes, positive EBV serology, cervical and inguinal lymphadenomegaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. The patient presented a history of aphthous stomatitis. Negative Pathergy test and the absence of any other related symptoms allowed us to exclude the Behçhet syndrome. Lesions healed with no sequelae or recurrences
Microglia-Secreted Galectin-3 Acts as a Toll-like Receptor 4 Ligand and Contributes to Microglial Activation

SummaryInflammatory response induced by microglia plays a critical role in the demise of neuronal populations in neuroinflammatory diseases. Although the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in microglia’s inflammatory response is fully acknowledged, little is known about endogenous ligands that trigger TLR4 activation. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by microglia acts as an endogenous paracrine TLR4 ligand. Gal3-TLR4 interaction was further confirmed in a murine neuroinflammatory model (intranigral lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) and in human stroke subjects. Depletion of Gal3 exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects following global brain ischemia and in the neuroinflammatory LPS model. These results suggest that Gal3-dependent-TLR4 activation could contribute to sustained microglia activation, prolonging the inflammatory response in the brain
Tumor-produced, active Interleukin-1 β regulates gene expression in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts

AbstractRecently we described a co-culture model of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and SCC-25 lingual squamous carcinoma cells, which resulted in conversion of normal fibroblasts into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCC-25 cells. We have found a constitutive high interleukin-1β (IL1-β) expression in SCC-25 cells in normal and in co-cultured conditions. In our hypothesis a constitutive IL1-β expression in SCC-25 regulates gene expression in fibroblasts during co-culture. Co-cultures were performed between PDL fibroblasts and SCC-25 cells with and without dexamethasone (DEX) treatment; IL1-β processing was investigated in SCC-25 cells, tumor cells and PDL fibroblasts were treated with IL1-β. IL1-β signaling was investigated by western blot and immunocytochemistry. IL1-β-regulated genes were analyzed by real-time qPCR.SCC-25 cells produced 16kD active IL1-β, its receptor was upregulated in PDL fibroblasts during co-culture, which induced phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), and nuclear translocalization of NFκBα. Several genes, including interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) were induced in CAFs during co-culture. The most enhanced induction was found for IL-6 and COX-2. Treatment of PDL fibroblasts with IL1-β reproduced a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of IL1-receptor, IL-6 and COX-2. A further proof was achieved by DEX inhibition for IL1-β-stimulated IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression. Constitutive expression of IL1-β in the tumor cells leads to IL1-β-stimulated gene expression changes in tumor-associated fibroblasts, which are involved in tumor progression
Considerations when using the activPAL monitor in field-based research with adult populations

AbstractResearch indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior (sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior (and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activPAL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activPAL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activPAL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activPAL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia
Geometric morphometric analysis of grain shape and the identification of two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.) in southern France

AbstractHulled barley is one of the most frequently recovered cereals in European archaeological sites from Roman and medieval periods. In southern France this cereal is common in carbonized contexts such as cultural layers, ditches, pits, hearths, etc. The distinction between the two subspecies, two-rowed (Hordeum vulgare subsp. distichum L.) and six-rowed barley (H. vulgare subsp. vulgare L.) is usually based on morphological characters. The following criteria can be used to discriminate both subspecies from archaeological remains: the number of fertile spikelets per rachis segments, the linear or horseshoe shape depression of the lemma base, the maximum width of the caryopses and the proportion of twisted grains. The recovery of thousands of caryopses, some clearly twisted, and of rachis segments with sterile spikelets from the site of Petit Clos (Perpignan, Pyrénées-Orientales, France) dating to the Roman period suggests that both subspecies were cultivated during this time in southern Gaul. However evidence for two-rowed barley is usually scarce in archaeobotanical reports from Roman and medieval sites. To confirm the presence of two-rowed barley in the carbonized assemblage from Petit Clos and its cultivation, we developed a new method for analysing caryopses shape using geometric morphometrics with landmarks and sliding semi-landmarks. We compared modern reference specimens to the archaeological grains from several excavations from southern France dating from the 1st to the 11th century AD. Several varieties of both subspecies were correctly identified in the modern reference sample using GMM, both before and after carbonization. Archaeological specimens could then be accurately identified. The results confirm that both subspecies of barley were cultivated in southern France during the Roman period
An example of Kaluza–Klein-like theory with boundary conditions, which lead to massless and mass protected spinors chirally coupled to gauge fields

AbstractThe genuine Kaluza–Klein-like theories (with no fields in addition to gravity) have difficulties with the existence of massless spinors after the compactification of some of dimensions of space [E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B 186 (1981) 412; E. Witten, Princeton Technical Rep. PRINT-83-1056, October 1983]. We assume a M(1+3)× a flat finite disk in (1+5)-dimensional space, with the boundary allowing spinors of only one handedness. Massless spinors then chirally couple to the corresponding background gauge gravitational field, which solves equations of motion for a free field, linear in the Riemann curvature
Measurement of the W boson helicity fractions in the decays of top quark pairs to lepton+jets final states produced in pp collisions at s=8TeV

AbstractThe W boson helicity fractions from top quark decays in tt‾ events are measured using data from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8TeV. The data were collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8fb−1. Events are reconstructed with either one muon or one electron, along with four jets in the final state, with two of the jets being identified as originating from b quarks. The measured helicity fractions from both channels are combined, yielding F0=0.681±0.012(stat)±0.023(syst), FL=0.323±0.008(stat)±0.014(syst), and FR=−0.004±0.005(stat)±0.014(syst) for the longitudinal, left-, and right-handed components of the helicity, respectively. These measurements of the W boson helicity fractions are the most accurate to date and they agree with the predictions from the standard model
Analytical blowup solutions to the 2-dimensional isothermal Euler–Poisson equations of gaseous stars

AbstractWe study the Euler–Poisson equations of describing the evolution of the gaseous star in astrophysics. Firstly, we construct a family of analytical blowup solutions for the isothermal case in R2. Furthermore the blowup rate of the above solutions is also studied and some remarks about the applicability of such solutions to the Navier–Stokes–Poisson equations and the drift-diffusion model in semiconductors are included. Finally, for the isothermal case (γ=1), the result of Makino and Perthame for the tame solutions is extended to show that the life span of such solutions must be finite if the initial data is with compact support
Extraction of the CP-violating phase γ using B→Kππ and B→KKK¯ decays

AbstractUsing the BaBar measurements of the Dalitz plots for B0→K+π0π−, B0→K0π+π−, B+→K+π+π−, B0→K+K0K−, and B0→K0K0K¯0 decays, we demonstrate that it is possible to cleanly extract the weak phase γ. We find four possible solutions. Three of these – 32°, 259°, and 315° – are in disagreement with the SM, while one – 77° – is consistent with the SM. An advantage of this Dalitz-plot method is that one can obtain many independent measurements of γ, thereby reducing its statistical error. An accurate determination of the errors, however, requires detailed knowledge of the data