pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
New aminocyclitols with quaternary stereocentres via acylnitroso cycloaddition with an ipso,ortho-arene dihydrodiol

Microbial ipso,ortho-dihydroxylation of benzoic acid by the B9 mutant strain of Ralstonia eutropha permits rapid construction of aminocyclitols containing a quaternary stereocentre. Installation of the amine functionality is achieved by use of an acylnitroso dienophile for a hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. Both aminotetrols and aminohexols are accessible as single enantiomers by this route. Both NOESY spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analyses were required to distinguish cycloadduct isomers. Notably, subsequent to the biooxidation step, all new stereocentres are installed under substrate control. Thus, all stereochemical information is ultimately of enzymatic origin
Glucose utilization via glycogen phosphorylase sustains proliferation and prevents premature senescence in cancer cells.

Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells provides energy and multiple intermediates critical for cell growth. Hypoxia in tumors represents a hostile environment that can encourage these transformations. We report that glycogen metabolism is upregulated in tumors in vivo and in cancer cells in vitro in response to hypoxia. In vitro, hypoxia induced an early accumulation of glycogen, followed by a gradual decline. Concordantly, glycogen synthase (GYS1) showed a rapid induction, followed by a later increase of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL). PYGL depletion and the consequent glycogen accumulation led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that contributed to a p53-dependent induction of senescence and markedly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo. Metabolic analyses indicated that glycogen degradation by PYGL is important for the optimal function of the pentose phosphate pathway. Thus, glycogen metabolism is a key pathway induced by hypoxia, necessary for optimal glucose utilization, which represents a targetable mechanism of metabolic adaptation
BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation

Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species linked to plots in fragments within a partially forested landscape. The database currently holds 9830 unique species recorded in plots of 58 unique landscapes in six of eight realms: mammals 315, birds 1286, herptiles 460, insects 4521, spiders 204, other arthropods 85, gastropods 70, annelids 8, platyhelminthes 4, Onychophora 2, vascular plants 2112, nonvascular plants and lichens 320, and fungi 449. Three landscapes were sampled as long-term time series (>10 years). Seven hundred and eleven species are found in two or more landscapes. Consolidating the substantial amount of primary data available on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in the context of land-use change and natural disturbances is an essential part of understanding the effects of increasing anthropogenic pressures on land. The consistent format of this database facilitates testing of generalizations concerning biologic responses to fragmentation across diverse systems and taxa. It also allows the re-examination of existing datasets with alternative landscape metrics and robust statistical methods, for example, helping to address pseudo-replication problems. The database can thus help researchers in producing broad syntheses of the effects of land use. The database is dynamic and inclusive, and contributions from individual and large-scale data-collection efforts are welcome.Full Tex
Understanding quality of life in children with asthma and their parents: Family resources and challenges

The present research investigated the links between caregiver burden, family environment, and quality of life in 97 pairs of children with asthma and one of their parents (the primary family caregiver). Using structured equation modelling, within-participant analyses showed that family environment was positively linked to quality of life for both children and parents respectively. Across-participant analyses demonstrated that parents’ positive perceptions of family environment were associated with parents’ and children’s improved quality of life.  In addition, parents’ perceptions of family environment mediated the link between caregiver burden and parents’ and children’s quality of life. Implications for intervention with families are discussed in light of this study’s important results
'Boys should have the courage to ask a girl out' : gender norms in early adolescent romantic relationships

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore how gender norms emerge in romantic relationships among early adolescents (EAs) living in five poor urban areas. 
Methods: Data were collected as part of the Global Early Adolescent Study. The current research analyzed data from interviews with 30 EAs (aged 11-13 years) living in five poor urban sites: Baltimore, Cuenca, Edinburgh, Ghent, and Nairobi. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in English using Atlas.ti, focusing on how EAs experience and perceive gender norms in romantic relationships. 
Results: Across the five sites, only a few respondents described having been in love, the majority of whom were boys. Findings indicate that stereotypical gender norms about romantic relationships prevail across these cultural settings, depicting boys as romantically/sexually active and dominant, and girls as innocent with less (romantic) agency. In spite of the similarities, Nairobi was unique in that respondents referred to how sexual behavior and violence can occur within EA relationships. In all countries, heterosexuality was perceived to be the norm. Nevertheless, there were examples of EAs accepting homosexuality and expressing supportive attitudes toward equality between the sexes. 
Conclusions: While EAs across five different cultural settings seem to endorse stereotypical gender norms in romantic relationships, a few stories also illustrate more gender-equal attitudes. As stereotypical gender norms have a demonstrated negative effect on adolescent sexual and reproductive health and well-being, additional research is needed to understand which factors-at the interpersonal and structural level-contribute to the construction of these norms among EAs
Flexural and compressive properties of hybrid kenaf/silica nanopeprintss in epoxy composite

Kenaf fiber like other natural fibers is used as a sustainable form of material to fabricate composite. But natural fibers are generally weaker than synthetic fibers due to the porosity of the fibers making them grow weaker mechanically and physically as time passes. To improve the quality of kenaf reinforced composite, silica nanoparticles was introduced as a filler material. Silica nanoparticle is a material with high surface area contributing to its high interfacial interaction with the matrix resulting in the improvement of the matrix. In this work, the composites were fabricated via vacuum infusion process by creating a system in which the compressed randomly orientated kenaf mat are laid in. The silica nanoparticles are dispersed into the epoxy using a homogenizer at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes before being infused into the fibers. The results shows that generally the inclusion of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties. However, composites with 2 vol% silica had the best mechanical properties of specimens with silica nanoparticles included at 43.8 MPa and 3.05 GPa for flexural strength and flexural modulus, and 40.0 MPa and 1.15 GPa for compressive strength and compressive modulus, respectively
Evidence for the two-body charmless baryonic decay $B^+ \to p\overline{\Lambda}$

A search for the rare two-body charmless baryonic decay $B^+ \to p\overline{\Lambda}$ is performed with pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. An excess of $B^+ \to p\overline{\Lambda}$ candidates with respect to background expectations is seen with a statistical significance of 4.1 standard deviations, and constitutes the first evidence for this decay. The branching fraction, measured using the $B^+ \to K_S^O \pi^+$ decay for normalisation, is\ud
$\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to p\overline{\Lambda}) = (2.4^{+1.0}_{−0.8} \pm 0.3) \times 10^{−7}$,\ud
where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic
Dynamic thermal performance of a PCM window system:characterization using large scale measurements

-Introdution of more dynamic building envelope components have been done throughout the last decades in order to try to increase indoor thermal comfort and reduce energy need in buildings for both temperature and light control. One of these promising technologies is phase change materials (PCM), where, the latent heat storage potential of the transition between solid and liquid state of a material is utilized as thermal mass. A PCM layer incorporated in a transparent component can increase the possibilities to harvest energy from solar radiation by reducing the heating/cooling demand and still allowing the utilization of daylight. The introduction of dynamic components in the building envelope makes the characterization of conventional static performance indices insufficient in giving a clear picture of the performance of the component in question. 
Measurements have been performed on a state-of-the-art window that integrates PCM using a large scale climate simulator. The glazing unit consists of a four-pane glazing with an integrated layer that dynamically controls the solar transmittance (prismatic glass) in the outer glazing cavity. The innermost cavity is filled with a phase change material. 
This article presents and assesses the series of measurements and the related methodologies with the aim of investigating the thermal behavior and thermal mass activation of the PCM-filled window. The experiments have been carried out using several static and dynamic test cycles comprised of temperature and solar radiation cycling. A conventional double-pane window has also been experimental investigated using the same test cycles for reference purpose. 
It was found that even for temperatures similar to a warm day in Nordic climate, the potential latent heat storage capacity of the PCM was fully activated, but relatively long periods of sun combined with high exterior temperatures are needed.Keywords: window; façade; phase change material; experimental; measurement; dynamic; climate simulato
SPICES: spectro-polarimetric imaging and characterization of exoplanetary systems

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a five-year M-class mission proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks in the visible (450–900 nm) at a spectral resolution of about 40 using both spectroscopy and polarimetry. By 2020/2022, present and near-term instruments will have found several tens of planets that SPICES will be able to observe and study in detail. Equipped with a 1.5 m telescope, SPICES can preferentially access exoplanets located at several AUs (0.5–10 AU) from nearby stars (<25 pc) with masses ranging from a few Jupiter masses to Super Earths (∼2 Earth radii, ∼10 M[subscript ⊕]) as well as circumstellar disks as faint as a few times the zodiacal light in the Solar System
Reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training - Considering a Cognitive prophylaxis?

Contains fulltext :
                  116645.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Background and objectives
Distressing intrusions are a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunctional appraisal of these symptoms may exacerbate the disorder, and conversely may lead to further intrusive memories. This raises the intriguing possibility that learning to ‘reappraise’ potential symptoms more functionally may protect against such symptoms. Woud, Holmes, Postma, Dalgleish, and Mackintosh (2012) found that ‘reappraisal training’ when delivered after an analogue stressful event reduced later intrusive memories and other posttraumatic symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether reappraisal training administered before a stressful event is also beneficial.
Methods
Participants first received positive or negative reappraisal training (CBM-App training) using a series of scripted vignettes. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a film with traumatic content. Effects of the CBM-App training procedure were assessed via three distinct outcome measures, namely: (a) post-training appraisals of novel ambiguous vignettes, (b) change scores on the Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), and (c) intrusive symptom diary.
Results
CBM-App training successfully induced training-congruent appraisal styles. Moreover, those trained positively reported less distress arising from their intrusive memories of the trauma film during the subsequent week than those trained negatively. However, the induced appraisal bias only partly affected PTCI scores.
Limitations
Participants used their own negative event as a reference for the PTCI assessments. The events may have differed regarding their emotional impact. There was no control group.
Conclusions
CBM-App training has also some beneficial effects when applied before a stressful event and may serve as a cognitive prophylaxis against trauma-related symptomatology
The effect of trepanning speed of laser drilled acute angled cooling holes on the high temperature low cycle corrosion fatigue performance of CMSX-4 at 850 °C

The effect of laser trepanning speed and, as a result, recast layer thickness on the high temperature corrosion fatigue behaviour of CMSX-4 superalloy acute angled holes was investigated. The experimental test results show that an increasing laser drilling speed caused a reduction in corrosion fatigue life by 35–50% at 850 °C, under low cycle fatigue regime. This reduction was found to correlate directly with the recast layer thickness and surface anomalies within the recast layer produced during the laser drilling process. Corrosion had a smaller effect on the overall life of the laser drilled specimens under the conditions tested. The results presented show that laser trepanning speed is influential in limiting the life performance of laser drilled components in service
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-mediated actin dynamics control type-I interferon production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein (WASp), a regulator of actin dynamics in hematopoietic cells, cause WAS, an X-linked primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and a marked predisposition to develop autoimmune disorders. The mechanisms that link actin alterations to the autoimmune phenotype are still poorly understood. We show that chronic activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and elevated type-I interferon (IFN) levels play a role in WAS autoimmunity. WAS patients display increased expression of type-I IFN genes and their inducible targets, alteration in pDCs numbers, and hyperresponsiveness to TLR9. Importantly, ablating IFN-I signaling in WASp null mice rescued chronic activation of conventional DCs, splenomegaly, and colitis. Using WASp-deficient mice, we demonstrated that WASp null pDCs are intrinsically more responsive to multimeric agonist of TLR9 and constitutively secrete type-I IFN but become progressively tolerant to further stimulation. By acute silencing of WASp and actin inhibitors, we show that WASp-mediated actin polymerization controls intracellular trafficking and compartmentalization of TLR9 ligands in pDCs restraining exaggerated activation of the TLR9-IFN-α pathway. Together, these data highlight the role of actin dynamics in pDC innate functions and imply the pDC-IFN-α axis as a player in the onset of autoimmune phenomena in WAS disease
Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport in Spain

This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past 15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate)
Strategy abundance in 2x2 games for arbitrary mutation rates

We study evolutionary game dynamics in a well-mixed populations of finite
size, N. A well-mixed population means that any two individuals are equally
likely to interact. In particular we consider the average abundances of two
strategies, A and B, under mutation and selection. The game dynamical
interaction between the two strategies is given by the 2x2 payoff matrix
[(a,b), (c,d)]. It has previously been shown that A is more abundant than B, if
(N-2)a+Nb>Nc+(N-2)d. This result has been derived for particular stochastic
processes that operate either in the limit of asymptotically small mutation
rates or in the limit of weak selection. Here we show that this result holds in
fact for a wide class of stochastic birth-death processes for arbitrary
mutation rate and for any intensity of selection.Comment: version 2 is the final published version that contains minor changes
  in response to referee comment
Analytical Blowup Solutions to the 2-dimensional Isothermal
  Euler-Poisson Equations of Gaseous Stars

We study the Euler-Poisson equations of describing the evolution of the
gaseous star in astrophysics. Firstly, we construct a family of analytical
blowup solutions for the isothermal case in R^2. Furthermore the blowup rate of
the above solutions is also studied and some remarks about the applicability of
such solutions to the Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations and the drift-diffusion
model in semiconductors are included. Finally, for the isothermal case, the
result of Makino and Perthame for the tame solutions is extended to show that
the life span of such solutions must be finite if the initial data is with
compact support.Comment: 15 page
Stratified medicine for mental disorders

Funding for this study was provided by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme Project ROAMER– A Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe (FP7-HEALTH-2011/No.282586.There is recognition that biomedical research into the causes of mental disorders and their treatment needs to adopt new approaches to research. Novel biomedical techniques have advanced our understanding of how the brain develops and is shaped by behaviour and environment. This has led to the advent of stratified medicine, which translates advances in basic research by targeting aetiological mechanisms underlying mental disorder. The resulting increase in diagnostic precision and targeted treatments may provide a window of opportunity to address the large public health burden, and individual suffering associated with mental disorders.While mental health and mental disorders have significant representation in the "health, demographic change and wellbeing" challenge identified in Horizon 2020, the framework programme for research and innovation of the European Commission (2014-2020), and in national funding agencies, clear advice on a potential strategy for mental health research investment is needed. The development of such a strategy is supported by the EC-funded "Roadmap for Mental Health Research" (ROAMER) which will provide recommendations for a European mental health research strategy integrating the areas of biomedicine, psychology, public health well being, research integration and structuring, and stakeholder participation. Leading experts on biomedical research on mental disorders have provided an assessment of the state of the art in core psychopathological domains, including arousal and stress regulation, affect, cognition social processes, comorbidity and pharmacotherapy. They have identified major advances and promising methods and pointed out gaps to be addressed in order to achieve the promise of a stratified medicine for mental disorders.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
FKBP12.6 activates RyR1 : investigating the amino acid residues critical for channel modulation

Funding: British Heart FoundationWe have previously shown that FKBP12 associates with RyR2 in cardiac muscle and that it modulates RyR2 function differently to FKBP12.6. We now investigate how these proteins affect the single-channel behavior of RyR1 derived from rabbit skeletal muscle. Our results show that FKBP12.6 activates and FKBP12 inhibits RyR1. It is likely that both proteins compete for the same binding sites on RyR1 because channels that are preactivated by FKBP12.6 cannot be subsequently inhibited by FKBP12. We produced a mutant FKBP12 molecule (FKBP12(E31Q/D32N/W59F)) where the residues Glu(31), Asp(32), and Trp(59) were converted to the corresponding residues in FKBP12.6. With respect to the functional regulation of RyR1 and RyR2, the FKBP12(E31Q/D32N/W59F) mutant lost all ability to behave like FKBP12 and instead behaved like FKBP12.6. FKBP12(E31Q/D32N/W59F) activated RyR1 but was not capable of activating RyR2. In conclusion, FKBP12.6 activates RyR1, whereas FKBP12 activates RyR2 and this selective activator phenotype is determined within the amino acid residues Glu31, Asp(32), and Trp(59) in FKBP12 and Gln(31), Asn(32), and Phe(59) in FKBP12.6. The opposing but different effects of FKBP12 and FKBP12.6 on RyR1 and RyR2 channel gating provide scope for diversity of regulation in different tissues.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe