pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and

International audienceWhipple's disease (WD) is a chronic infection caused by . A 1-year treatment of oral trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (SXT) is commonly used. Advances in the culture of has allowed for full genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing, which has demonstrated resistance of to trimethoprim. Several mutations in the gene that encodes dihydropteroate synthase, the target of sulphonamides, has been reported for one patient with clinically acquired resistance to SXT. Here we report three new patients who experienced clinically acquired resistance to SXT during treatment and one patient with biological failure. Sixty-two sequences from DNA samples of 59 WD patients were also obtained. Among the detected amino acid changes, two positions (N4S and S234F) significantly predicted secondary sulphamethoxazole failure (four of five). We suggest that these mutations should be detected at the time of WD diagnosis by sequencing in order to avoid sulphamethoxazole monotherapy
Popular mobilisations in Lebanon: from anti-­system to sectarian claims

International audienceIn Lebanon, the Arab uprising is often analyzed through the lens of the side effects the Syrian uprising had on the country thanks to massive refugees influx and the involvement of Sunni and Shia Lebanese in Syria ' s battleground. In fact , popular mobilizations happened prior and during the current crisis as two different type of effects of the Arab uprisings at large. First , in late 2010 emerged an anti-­sectarian movement that brought up an anti-­system claim in line with other Arab social movements targeting authoritarian regimes and corruption. Second , the Sunni radical mobilization that started in Saida in 2011 around the popular Imam Sheikh Assir , gathered resentments toward the Shia leading party Hizbullah as involved alongside the Syrian regime and surprisingly adopting an active minority mobilization strategy. Both movement conducted demonstrations of different type (from classic march to on roads sit-­in) starting from a completely opposite perspective and in a very different environment : when the anti-­sectarian mobilization faded , the sectarian one rose. This paper will try to address the historical process of both mobilizations and assess their differences in light of several mobilization theories. It intends to raise questions about the type of actors involved , their discourses and justifications , and the contextual local and political environments
Combining qualitative, quantitative and structural dimensions in a longitudinal perspective. The case of network influence.

Online 21 janvier 2012Document de travailInternational audienceSome research questions involve several dimensions. The most rewarding approach may be switching (under control) between the diverse methods and databases involved. Having recourse to different dimensions that form a system produces wider results but also opens up new questions. A survey on the evolutions of social networks and life transitions of young people draws an original design including contextual names generators, questionnaires and interviews in a longitudinal perspective. Young people interviewed every 3 years on 4 survey waves produced a total of 287 interviews and networks and a global amount of 10,804 relationships informed. This article aims to highlight this specific potential of integrating qualitative, qantitative and structural dimensions in an iterative process of data construction and analysis. The methodological argument is empirically illustrated with a focus on the thematic of influence of the network upon life orientations. It shows influence comes mainly from strong central ties but also from some peripheral isolated mates. The structural evolution reveals a general trend of dissociation of their ties the ones from the others when people are entering adult life, which makes influence from the network become more and more diversified
Regularity of Minimizers of Shape Optimization Problems involving Perimeter

International audienceWe prove existence and regularity of optimal shapes for the problem$$\min\Big\{P(\Omega)+\mathcal{G}(\Omega):\ \Omega\subset D,\ |\Omega|=m\Big\},$$where $P$ denotes the perimeter, $|\cdot|$ is the volume, and the functional $\mathcal{G}$ is either one of the following:<ul><li> the Dirichlet energy $E_f$, with respect to a (possibly sign-changing) function $f\in L^p$;</li><li>a spectral functional of the form $F(\lambda_{1},\dots,\lambda_{k})$, where $\lambda_k$ is the $k$th eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian and $F:\mathbb{R}^k\to\mathbb{R}$ is Lipschitz continuous  and increasing in each variable.</li></ul>The domain $D$ is the whole space $\mathbb{R}^d$ or a bounded domain. We also give general assumptions on the functional $\mathcal{G}$ so that the result remains valid
Method for material characterization in a non-anechoic environment

International audienceThis paper presents a characterization method for extracting the reflection coefficient of materials and the real part of their permittivity. The characterization is performed in a real environment, as opposed to the classical measurement methods that require an anechoic chamber. In order to reduce the effects of the multipath propagation, a free space bistatic measurement was performed at different distances Material-Antennas in far field. By using a Teflon sample and a commercial absorbing material sample, measurements have been performed in order to validate the characterization technique
The reduced scalar potential in regions with permeable materials: Reasons for loss of accuracy and cancellation

International audiencePractical three-dimensional magnetic field problems usually involve regions containing current sources as well as regions with magnetic materials. For computational purposes, the use of the reduced scalar potential (RSP) as unknown has the advantage to transform a problem for a vector field throughout the space into a problem for a scalar function, thus reducing the number of degrees of freedom in the discretization. However, in regions with high magnetic permeability the use of the RSP alone usually results in severe loss in accuracy and it is recommended to use both the RSP and the total scalar potential. Using an asymptotic expansion, we investigate theoretically the underlying reasons for this lack of accuracy in permeable regions when using the RSP as a unique potential. Moreover, this investigation leads to an efficient numerical method to compute the magnetic field in regions with high magnetic permeability
Transmit Beamforming Analysis for MIMO Systems in Indoor Residential Environment Based on 3D Ray Tracing

International audienceIn this paper, an evaluation of transmit beamforming (TxBF) contribution is analyzed in the context of an indoor residential environment. Using an optimized 3D ray tracing tool, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) propagation channel is simulated. The algorithm of singular value decomposition is applied and a new transmission scheme is considered. Comparisons of cases with/without TxBF are realized by analyzing the received power, the signal to noise ratio (íµí±íµí±íµí±) of each spatial stream and the channel capacity. It is shown that the TxBF capacity gain increases when the MIMO channel correlation at the transmit side reaches high values, especially when only the dominant eigen mode is selected. The main result concerns the antenna spacing: a judicious choice of the transmitting antenna spacing can improve the effective transmission range by more than 45% in non-line of sight (NLOS) conditions. Several MIMO configurations (number of antennas and spatial streams) are also compared to determine the relevance of a possible activation of TxBF. The interference influence is studied and it is shown that under some conditions, TxBF improves the signal to interference ratio (SIR)
Optimizing multi-deployment on clouds by means of self-adaptive prefetching

International audienceWith Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud economics getting increasingly complex and dynamic, resource costs can vary greatly over short periods of time. Therefore, a critical issue is the ability to deploy, boot and terminate VMs very quickly, which enables cloud users to exploit elasticity to find the optimal trade-off between the computational needs (number of resources, usage time) and budget constraints. This paper proposes an adaptive prefetching mechanism aiming to reduce the time required to simultaneously boot a large number of VM instances on clouds from the same initial VM image (multi-deployment). Our proposal does not require any foreknowledge of the exact access pattern. It dynamically adapts to it at run time, enabling the slower instances to learn from the experience of the faster ones. Since all booting instances typically access only a small part of the virtual image along almost the same pattern, the required data can be pre-fetched in the background. Large scale experiments under concurrency on hundreds of nodes show that introducing such a prefetching mechanism can achieve a speed-up of up to 35% when compared to simple on-demand fetching
Structural setting of the neo archean terrains in the Commonwealth Bay area (143°-145°E), Terre Adélie Craton, East Antarctica.

International audienceLithological and structural maps from the East Commonwealth Bay Unit (ECB; Terre Adélie and Georges V land, Antarctica) are presented with a summary of the main structural and metamorphic data obtained in the area. The ECB unit is structured during the Late Archean – Lower Proterozoic (at 2.4-2.5 Ga), with (i) granulite metamorphism at 9 - 6 kbar and 850 ± 50 °C of lower-mid crust and amphibolite metamorphism (P ≤ 5 kbar, T ≤ 750°C) of the upper crustal levels. (ii) The lower crustal granulites are uplifted, and suffered local partial melting and then retrogression into the amphibolite facies at 550 ± 50°C – 5 kbar. Granulites are extruded in the core of a crustal-scale anticlinal fold, granulites being retrogressed only on the rims of the anticline. Crustal-scale folding, along with other structural features results from intense NE-SW shortening, that prevailed during the Late Archean orogenic cycle. Strike-slip and extensive motions are only minor in that process. (iii), Top-to-the-East thrusting and nappe piling has (at least locally) occurred under lower amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Finally, it seems that (iv) the Paleoproterozoic 1.7 Ga structural imprint may have only affected the rims of the Archean units. The tectonic context observed in the 1.7 Ga Cape Hunter phyllites features mainly E-W shortening component and vertical extrusion. The Eastern (Mertz) and Western (Port Martin) parts of the Archean block were reactivated by localized dextral shearing
Aligned carbon nanotube based ultrasonic microtransducers for durability monitoring in civil engineering

International audienceStructural health monitoring of porous materials such as concrete is becoming a major component in our resource-limited economy, as it conditions durable exploitation of existing facilities. Durability in porous materials depends on nanoscale features which need to be monitored in situ with nanometric resolution. To address this problem, we put forward an approach based on the development of a new nanosensor, namely a capacitive micrometric ultrasonic transducer whose vibrating membrane is made of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Such sensors are meant to be embedded in large numbers within a porous material in order to provide information on its durability by monitoring in situ neighboring individual micropores. In the present paper, we report on the feasibility of the key building block of the proposed sensor: we have fabricated well-aligned, ultra-thin, dense SWNT membranes that show above-nanometer amplitudes of vibration over a large range of frequencies spanning from 100 kHz to 5 MHz
LET effects on the hydrogen production induced by the radiolysis of pure water

Radiation chemical primary yields g(H2) have been determined for irradiations performed with 60Co γ-rays source of LCP (Orsay, France) and with helium ion beams (Eα=5.0 MeV-64.7 MeV) using protective agent bromide anions in solution. The α (4He2+) irradiation experiments were performed either at CEMHTI or at the new ARRONAX cyclotron facility (2010). Both sources (γ and cyclotrons) allow working with a large LET value range between 0.23 and 151.5 keV/μm. On one hand, the obtained results have been compared with those available in the literature and plotted as a function of the LET parameter in order to discuss the effects of track structure on the production of molecular hydrogen. On the other hand, the primary radiation chemistry yield g(H2) values are compared with global radiation chemical yields G(H2) obtained during irradiations of pure water irradiated under air or argon without scavenging. For each system, it appears that radiation chemical yields increase with the LET value. Our results suggest that using bromide anions, at low concentration, as a protective agent becomes ineffective when the LET value used is higher than 120±20 keV/μm
Analyzing the Effect of Objective Correlation on the Efficient Set of MNK-Landscapes

International audienceIn multiobjective combinatorial optimization, there exists two main classes of metaheuristics, based either on multiple aggregations, or on a dominance relation. As in the single objective case, the structure of the search space can explain the difficulty for multiobjective metaheuristics, and guide the design of such methods. In this work we analyze the properties of multiobjective combinatorial search spaces. In particular, we focus on the features related the efficient set, and we pay a particular attention to the correlation between objectives. Few benchmark takes such objective correlation into account. Here, we define a general method to design multiobjective problems with correlation. As an example, we extend the well-known multiobjective NK-landscapes. By measuring different properties of the search space, we show the importance of considering the objective correlation on the design of metaheuristics
Protection of organic matter by mineral matrix in a Cenomanian black shale

L'UMR CNRS 6531, Laboratoire de Géologie de la Matière Organique a été intégré dans l'ISTO - UMR6113 - CNRS-Université d'OrléansThree types of pathways (degradation-recondensation, natural sulphurization and selective preservation) are commonly considered for the formation of kerogen dispersed in sedimentary rocks. A fourth pathway has been recently put forward, however, from studies on Recent marine sediments, the so-called sorptive protection mechanism. This pathway is based on the adsorption of otherwise labile organic compounds onto minerals, thus preventing their diagenetic degradation and promoting their subsequent condensation into kerogen. The main results of the present study are derived from a combination of microscopic and pyrolytic methods applied on a Cenomanian kerogen. They provide (i) evidence, on an ancient material, for a crucial role of the mineral matrix both in organic matter (OM) preservation during kerogen formation and in kerogen stability once formed, (ii) indications that the dominant protective process likely involves physical protection by minerals, resulting from alternation of organic and clay nanolayers of approximately 100 nm in thickness, rather than OM adsorption as molecular monolayers and (iii) observations of the relatively poor stability of an isolated kerogen, contrary to the inertness commonly assumed for fossil macromolecular organic matter
Subwavelength imaging of light confinement in high-Q/small-V photonic crystal nanocavity

International audienceThe optical near field of a high-Q and ultrasmall volume photonic crystal nanocavity is visualized with a subwavelength resolution by using a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) operating at the same time in collection-scanning mode and in interaction-scanning mode. It is shown that the nanocavity resonant mode is selectively visualized by using the SNOM interaction-scanning mode while the whole electromagnetic field surrounding the nanocavity is probed using the SNOM collection-scanning mode. The different optical near-field images are compared in light of a three-dimensional numerical analysis and we demonstrate an unexpected mode coupling at the cavity resonance
Best Basis for Joint Representation: the Median of Marginal Best Bases for Low Cost Information Exchanges in Distributed Signal Representation

International audienceThe paper addresses the selection of the best representations for distributed and/or dependent signals. Given an indexed tree structured library of bases and a semi-collaborative distribution scheme associated with minimum information exchange (emission and reception of one single index corresponding to a marginal best basis), the paper proposes the median basis computed on a set of best marginal bases for joint representation or fusion of distributed/dependent signals. The paper provides algorithms for computing this median basis with respect to standard tree structured libraries of bases such as wavelet packet bases or cosine trees. These algorithms are effective when an additive information cost is under consideration. Experimental results performed on distributed signal compression confirms worthwhile properties for the median of marginal best bases with respect to the ideal best joint basis, the latter being underdetermined in practice, except when a full collaboration scheme is under consideration
Temporal and spatial variation in food availability and meat ratio in a longline mussel farm (Mytilus edulis)

The influence of temporal and spatial variation in food availability on mussel meat ratio and biomass was studied in a longline mussel farm (100 m wide and 250 m long, Mytilus edulis) during an eight-month period. Current velocity and phytoplankton concentration were measured and mean mussel biomass, density, wet weight and meat ratio were determined. The longline farm aligned the current direction lengthwise through the farm and reduced the current speed and flow to approximately one half to one third of reference station. The mean fluorescence depletion in the centre of the farm was 11% and the phytoplankton concentration (cells L¯¹) was 20 to 91% less in the centre of the farm compared to the reference station. The mean meat ratio increased 1.8 times through the spring phytoplankton bloom. The mean meat ratio (%) and biomass (kg) were spatially variable through the farm with low values in the centre and increasing values towards the edges of the farm. This variation in meat ratio and biomass was observed at all natural phytoplankton concentrations and attributed to spatial variation in food availability through the farm
Soft power with a hard edge: EU policy tools and energy security

This is the authors' accepted and refereed manuscript to the articleInternational security debates surrounding the European Union energy supply challenge commonly invoke the need for more EU hard power – e.g. getting tough on Russia or engaging directly with other exporters. This article investigates whether what might be labelled ‘soft power with a hard edge’ instead amounts to a consistent policy strategy for the EU. The central argument is that the EU has turned a weakness into a strength, and developed a set of tools that sharpen the way soft power is exercised in the energy sector. The article explores how soft power affects companies that ‘come and play’ on the EU market: the rules of the Single European Market and how they affect external firms. It also assesses the long reach of the SEM: both the gravitational ‘pull’ the SEM exerts in the ‘near aboard’, and the EU’s ‘push’ to facilitate the development of midstream infrastructure and upstream investment. The conclusion is that the EU regulatory state is emerging as an international energy actor in its own right. It limits the ways states like Russia can use state firms in the geopolitical game; and it exports its model into the near abroad thus stabilizing energy supply and transit routes.1, Forfatterversjo
Analytical gradient-based optimization of offshore wind turbine substructures under fatigue and extreme loads

Design optimization of offshore wind turbine support structures is an expensive task due to the highly-constrained, non-convex and non-linear nature of the design problem. A good depth of detail in the problem formulation can give useful insights in the practical design process, but may also compromise the efficiency. This paper presents an analytical gradient-based method to solve the problem in an effective and efficient way. The design sensitivities of the objective and constraint functions are evaluated analytically, while the optimization procedure is performed in the time domain, subjected to sizing, eigenfrequency, extreme load and fatigue load constraints. A case study on the OC4 and UpWind jacket substructures show that the method was reliable and consistent in delivering superior efficiency and accuracy in the optimization study, as compared with the conventional finite difference approach. The global optimum was probably achieved in the design optimization process, where the large number of design constraints implemented can possibly be the blessing in disguise, as they seem to enable the optimizer to find the global optimum. Both the buckling and fatigue load constraints had significant influence over the design of tubular members and joints, while each component is oriented to maximize the utilization against the prescribed limit state functions.© 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open Access
Bariatric surgery or lifestyle intervention? An exploratory study of severely obese patients' motivation for two different treatments

Background: 
In the complex field of treating severe obesity, motivation is receiving increased attention. This explorative study aims to highlight what influences the preferences of severely obese patients deciding for either gastric bypass surgery or lifestyle treatment.
Methods: 
Patients awaiting laparoscopic gastric bypass were presented with an 18-week inpatient lifestyle programme alternative to gastric bypass. Questionnaires provided qualitative data (reasons for choosing one treatment over another) and quantitative data (mental health assessment using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). The material was analysed according to a sequential exploratory design involving thematic analysis of patients’ arguments, validation using HADS, and statistical computations (hypothesis testing) with one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test.
Results:
159 participants (mean BMI 47.2 kg/m2) returned questionnaires of which 32% wanted the lifestyle treatment alternative to surgery. Reasons for choosing the two treatments varied widely as did also the corresponding data on mental health. Two subgroups stood out with particularly high mental symptom scores, namely patients choosing surgery due to reluctance to engage in social interaction in lifestyle treatment, and patients preferring lifestyle treatment due to the fear of dying during general anaesthesia. These two subgroups showed significantly higher symptom scores than other subgroups within their therapy-of-choice group. The number of comorbid diseases was also found to impact upon motivation.
Conclusions: 
Patients carry different incentives for choosing the same type of treatment. On a subgroup level, psychopathological symptoms seem to follow motivational patterns. Analysing motivation and mental health may provide measures for identifying subgroups with various prospects for therapy outcome.© 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0