pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the flavour-specific CP-violating asymmetry assl in B0s decays

The CP-violating asymmetry View the MathML sourceasls is studied using semileptonic decays of View the MathML sourceBs0 and View the MathML sourceB¯s0 mesons produced in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, exploiting a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−11.0 fb−1. The reconstructed final states are View the MathML sourceDs±μ∓, with the View the MathML sourceDs± particle decaying in the ϕπ±ϕπ± mode. The View the MathML sourceDs±μ∓ yields are summed over View the MathML sourceB¯s0 and View the MathML sourceBs0 initial states, and integrated with respect to decay time. Data-driven methods are used to measure efficiency ratios. We obtain View the MathML sourceasls=(−0.06±0.50±0.36)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic
Studies of azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in ultra-central PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

Azimuthal dihadron correlations of charged particles have been measured in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV by the CMS collaboration, using data from the 2011 LHC heavy-ion run. The data set includes a sample of ultra-central (0-0.2% centrality) PbPb events collected using a trigger based on total transverse energy in the hadron forward calorimeters and the total multiplicity of pixel clusters in the silicon pixel tracker. A total of about 1.8 million ultra-central events were recorded, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 120 inverse microbarns. The observed correlations in ultra-central PbPb events are expected to be particularly sensitive to initial-state fluctuations. The single-particle anisotropy Fourier harmonics, from v[2] to v[6], are extracted as a function of particle transverse momentum. At higher transverse momentum, the v[2] harmonic becomes significantly smaller than the higher-order v[n] (n greater than or equal to 3). The pt-averaged v[2] and v[3] are found to be equal within 2%, while higher-order v[n] decrease as n increases. The breakdown of factorization of dihadron correlations into single-particle azimuthal anisotropies is observed. This effect is found to be most prominent in the ultra-central PbPb collisions, where the initial-state fluctuations play a dominant role. A comparison of the factorization data to hydrodynamic predictions with event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions is also presented
The REFLEX galaxy cluster survey. VIII. Spectroscopic observations and
  optical atlas

We present the final data from the spectroscopic survey of the ROSAT-ESO
Flux-Limited X-ray (REFLEX) catalog of galaxy clusters. The REFLEX survey
covers 4.24 steradians (34% of the entire sky) below a declination of 2.5 deg
and at high Galactic latitude (|b| > 20 deg). The REFLEX catalog includes 447
entries with a median redshift of 0.08 and is better than 90% complete to a
limiting flux fx = 3x10^{-12} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} (0.1 to 2.4 keV), representing
the largest statistically homogeneous sample of clusters drawn from the ROSAT
All-Sky Survey (RASS) to date. Here we describe the details of the
spectroscopic observations carried out at the ESO 1.5 m, 2.2 m, and 3.6 m
telescopes, as well as the data reduction and redshift measurement techniques.
The spectra typically cover the wavelength range 3600-7500 A at a FWHM
resolution of ~14 A, and the measured redshifts have a total rms error of ~100
km s^{-1}. In total we present 1406 new galaxy redshifts in 192 clusters, most
of which previously did not have any redshift measured. Finally, the
luminosity/redshift distributions of the cluster sample and a comparison to the
no-evolution expectations from the cluster X-ray luminosity function are
presented.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures (with multiple PS files) at low resolution due to
  size limits. Published version with higher-resolution figures, redshift
  catalogue and X-ray/DSS overlays available from
  http://www.brera.inaf.it/refle
Phenomenological Models of Holographic Superconductors and Hall currents

We study general models of holographic superconductivity parametrized by four
arbitrary functions of a neutral scalar field of the bulk theory. The models
can accommodate several features of real superconductors, like arbitrary
critical temperatures and critical exponents in a certain range, and perhaps
impurities, boundary or thickness effects. We find analytical expressions for
the critical exponents of the general model and show that they satisfy the
Rushbrooke identity. An important subclass of models exhibits second order
phase transitions. A study of the specific heat shows that general models can
also describe holographic superconductors undergoing first, second and third
(or higher) order phase transitions. We discuss how small deformations of the
HHH model lead to the appearance of resonance peaks in the conductivity, which
become narrower as the temperature is gradually decreased, without the need for
tuning mass of the scalar to be close to the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound.
Finally, we investigate the inclusion of a generalized "theta term" producing
Hall effect without magnetic field.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures; minor corrections, published versio
Lin-Kernighan Heuristic Adaptations for the Generalized Traveling
  Salesman Problem

The Lin-Kernighan heuristic is known to be one of the most successful
heuristics for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It has also proven its
efficiency in application to some other problems. In this paper we discuss
possible adaptations of TSP heuristics for the Generalized Traveling Salesman
Problem (GTSP) and focus on the case of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm. At first,
we provide an easy-to-understand description of the original Lin-Kernighan
heuristic. Then we propose several adaptations, both trivial and complicated.
Finally, we conduct a fair competition between all the variations of the
Lin-Kernighan adaptation and some other GTSP heuristics. It appears that our
adaptation of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm for the GTSP reproduces the success
of the original heuristic. Different variations of our adaptation outperform
all other heuristics in a wide range of trade-offs between solution quality and
running time, making Lin-Kernighan the state-of-the-art GTSP local search.Comment: 25 page
Is the nonmonotonic behavior in the cross section of phi photoproduction
  near threshold a signature of a resonance?

We study whether the nonmonotonic behavior found in the differential cross
section of the phi-meson photoproduction near threshold can be described by a
resonance. Namely, we add a resonance to a model consisting of Pomeron and
(pi,eta) exchange by fiat and see if, with a suitable assignment of spin and
parity, mass and width, as well as the coupling constants, one would be able to
obtain a good description to all the data reported by the LEPS collaboration in
the low-energy region. The resonant contribution is evaluated by using an
effective Lagrangian approach. We find that, with the assumption of a J^P=3/2^-
resonance with mass of 2.10 +- 0.03 GeV and width of 0.465 +- 0.141 GeV, LEPS
data can indeed be well described. The ratio of the helicity amplitudes
A_(1/2)/A_(3/2) calculated from the resulting coupling constants differs in
sign from that of the known D13(2080). We further find that the addition of
this postulated resonance can substantially improve the agreement between the
existing theoretical predictions and the recent omega photoproduction data if a
large value of the OZI evading parameter x_OZI = 12 is assumed for the
resonance
Global well-posedness for the micropolar fluid system in the critical
  Besov spaces

We prove the global well-posedness for the 3-D micropolar fluid system in the
critical Besov spaces by making a suitable transformation to the solutions and
using the Fourier localization method, especially combined with a new $L^p$
estimate for the Green matrix to the linear system of the transformed equation.
This result allows to construct global solutions for a class of highly
oscillating initial data of Cannone's type. Meanwhile, we analyze the long
behavior of the solutions and get some decay estimates.Comment: 23page
On a combinatorial problem of Erdos, Kleitman and Lemke

In this paper, we study a combinatorial problem originating in the following
conjecture of Erdos and Lemke: given any sequence of n divisors of n,
repetitions being allowed, there exists a subsequence the elements of which are
summing to n. This conjecture was proved by Kleitman and Lemke, who then
extended the original question to a problem on a zero-sum invariant in the
framework of finite Abelian groups. Building among others on earlier works by
Alon and Dubiner and by the author, our main theorem gives a new upper bound
for this invariant in the general case, and provides its right order of
magnitude.Comment: 15 page
The Anisotropy of Cosmic Ray Arrival Directions around 10$^{18}$eV

Anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies above
10$^{17}$eV is studied using data from the Akeno 20 km$^2$ array and the Akeno
Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA), using a total of about 117,000 showers observed
during 11 years. In the first harmonic analysis, we have found strong
anisotropy of $\sim$ 4% around 10$^{18}$eV, corresponding to a chance
probability of 0.2%. With two dimensional analysis in right ascension and
declination, this anisotropy is interpreted as an excess of showers near the
directions of the Galactic Center and the Cygnus region.Comment: 17 pages with 16 figures,
  http://www.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~erina/English.htm
Phase behaviour of attractive and repulsive ramp fluids: integral
  equation and computer simulation studies

Using computer simulations and a thermodynamically self consistent integral
equation we investigate the phase behaviour and thermodynamic anomalies of a
fluid composed of spherical particles interacting via a two-scale ramp
potential (a hard core plus a repulsive and an attractive ramp) and the
corresponding purely repulsive model. Both simulation and integral equation
results predict a liquid-liquid de-mixing when attractive forces are present,
in addition to a gas-liquid transition. Furthermore, a fluid-solid transition
emerges in the neighbourhood of the liquid-liquid transition region, leading to
a phase diagram with a somewhat complicated topology. This solidification at
moderate densities is also present in the repulsive ramp fluid, thus preventing
fluid-fluid separation.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figure
Scaled variational computation of the energy spectrum of a
  two-dimensional hydrogenic donor in a magnetic field of arbitrary strength

We compute the energy levels of a 2D Hydrogen atom when a constant magnetic
field is applied. With the help of a mixed-basis variational method and a
genera lization of virial theorem, which consists in scaling the wave function,
we calculate the binding energies of the 1S, $2P^-$ and $3D^-$ levels. We
compare the computed energy spectra with those obtained via a generalization of
the mesh point technique as well as the shifted 1/N method. We show that the
variational solutions present a very good behavior in the weak and strong
magnetic field regimes.Comment: Latex2e. 6 eps figs. to appear in Physica Status Solid
Metallic phase between the Fermi glass and the Wigner crystal in two
  dimensions

For intermediate Coulomb energy to Fermi energy ratios $r_s$, spinless
fermions in a two-dimensional random potential form a new quantum phase,
different from the Fermi glass (weakly interacting Anderson localized states)
and the Wigner crystal (regular array of charges pinned by the disorder). The
intermediate phase is characterized by an ordered flow of persistent currents
with a typical value decreasing with excitation energy. Extending finite size
scaling analysis to the many body ground state, we find that electron-electron
interactions can drive the Fermi glass towards an intermediate metallic phase
(Coulomb metal).Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to the Proceedings of `Localization
  1999
First Measurement of the Deep--Inelastic Structure of Proton Diffraction

A measurement is presented, using data taken with the H1 detector at HERA, of
the contribution of diffractive interactions to deep-inelastic electron-proton
scattering. The diffractive contribution to the proton structure function is
evaluated as a function of the appropriate deep-inelastic scattering variables
using a class of deep-inelastic ep scattering events with no hadronic energy
flow in an interval of pseudo-rapidity adjacent to the proton beam direction.
The dependence of this contribution on x-pomeron is consistent with both a
diffractive interpretation and a factorisable ep diffractive cross section. A
first measurement of the deep-inelastic structure of the pomeron in the form of
a factorised structure function is presented. This structure function is
observed to be consistent with scale invariance.Comment: 16 pages, latex, including 3 figure
Search for pair-production of long-lived heavy charged particles in e+e-
  annihilation

A search for pair-production of long-lived, heavy, singly-charged particles
has been performed with data collected by the ALEPH detector at a
centre-of-mass energy of 172 GeV. Data at \sqrt{s} = 161, 136, and 130 GeV are
also included to improve the sensitivity to lower masses. No candidate is found
in the data. A model-independent 95% confidence level upper limit on the
production cross section at 172 GeV of 0.2-0.4pb is derived for masses between
45 and 86 GeV/c^2. This cross section limit implies, assuming the MSSM, a lower
limit of 67 (69) GeV/c^2 on the mass of right- (left-) handed long-lived scalar
taus or scalar muons and of 86 GeV/c^2 on the mass of long-lived charginos.Comment: 16 pages including 4 eps figures. Latex. submitted to Phys.Lett.
Localisation on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds from holomophic functions on
  the cone

We study super Yang-Mills theories on five-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein
manifolds. Using localisation techniques, we find that the contribution from
the vector multiplet to the perturbative partition function can be calculated
by counting holomorphic functions on the associated Calabi-Yau cone. This
observation allows us to use standard techniques developed in the context of
quiver gauge theories to obtain explicit results for a number of examples;
namely $S^5$, $T^{1,1}$, $Y^{7,3}$, $Y^{2,1}$, $Y^{2,0}$, and $Y^{4,0}$. We
find complete agreement with previous results obtained by Qiu and Zabzine using
equivariant indices except for the orbifold limits $Y^{p,0}$ with $p > 1$.Comment: 18 page
Progenitors of Supernovae Type Ia and Chemical Enrichment in
  Hydrodynamical Simulations -I. The Single Degenerate Scenario

The nature of the Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) progenitors remains still
uncertain. This is a major issue for galaxy evolution models since both
chemical and energetic feedback play a major role in the gas dynamics, star
formation and therefore in the overall stellar evolution. The progenitor models
for the SNIa available in the literature propose different distributions for
regulating the explosion times of these events. These functions are known as
the Delay Time Distributions (DTDs). This work is the first one in a series of
papers aiming at studying five different DTDs for SNIa. Here, we implement and
analyse the Single Degenerate scenario (SD) in galaxies dominated by a rapid
quenching of the star formation, displaying the majority of the stars
concentrated in the bulge component. We find a good fit to both the present
observed SNIa rates in spheroidal dominated galaxies, and to the [O/Fe] ratios
shown by the bulge of the Milky Way. Additionally, the SD scenario is found to
reproduce a correlation between the specific SNIa rate and the specific star
formation rate, which closely resembles the observational trend, at variance
with previous works. Our results suggest that SNIa observations in galaxies
with very low and very high specific star formation rates can help to impose
more stringent constraints on the DTDs and therefore on SNIa progenitors.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Ap
Anomaly-free flavor models for Nambu-Goldstone bosons and the 3.5 keV
  X-ray line signal

We pursue a possibility that a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson is lurking around
or below the intermediate scale. To this end we consider an anomaly-free global
flavor symmetry, and construct models where the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson is
coupled preferentially to leptons. The experimental and astrophysical bounds
derived from couplings to photons and nucleons are significantly relaxed. If
sufficiently light, the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson contributes to dark
matter, and interestingly, it generally decays into photons through couplings
arising from threshold corrections. We show that the recent hint for the X-ray
line at about $3.5$ keV can be explained by the decay of such
pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of mass about $7$ keV with the decay constant of
order $10^{10}$ GeV, if the electron is charged under the flavor symmetry.Comment: 15 page
Quantum coherence, top transverse polarisation and the Tevatron
  asymmetry $A_{FB}^\ell$

We revisit the relation between the asymmetries $A_{FB}$ and $A_{FB}^\ell$ in
$t \bar t$ production at the Tevatron, using as new physics benchmark a colour
octet. We find that $A_{FB}^\ell$ receives large contributions from the
interference between $\lambda = \pm 1/2$ top helicity states, which has been
ignored in some of the previous literature on the subject. The omission of
these contributions results in a severe underestimation of the asymmetry,
around $1/2$ and $1/50$ of the true value for right-handed and left-handed top
couplings to the octet, respectively. Interference effects are closely related
to a $\mathcal{O}(1)$ transverse top polarisation, as yet not considered in
this context.Comment: LaTeX 12 pages. Discussion improved, final version to appear in PL
Quantisation of the SU(N) WZW model at level k

The quantisation of the Wess-Zumino-Witten model on a circle is discussed in the case of SU(N) at level k. The quantum commutation of the chiral vertex operators is described by an exchange relation with a braiding matrix, Q. Using quantum consistency conditions, the braiding matrix is found explicitly in the fundamental representation. This matrix is shown to be related to the Racah matrix for U_t(SL(N)). From calculating the four-point functions with the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, the deformation parameter t is shown to be t=\exp({i\pi /(k+N)}) when the level k\ge 2. For k=1, there are two possible types of braiding, t=\exp({i\pi /(1+N)}) or t=\exp(i\pi). In the latter case, the chiral vertex operators are constructed explicitly by extending the free field realisation a la Frenkel-Kac and Segal. This construction gives an explicit description of how to chirally factorise the SU(N)_{k=1} WZW model
Tubular Solutions of Dirac-Born-Infeld Action on Dp-Brane Background

We use the Dirac-Born-Infeld action on Dp-brane background to find the
tubular bound state of a D2 with $m$ D0-branes and $n$ fundamental strings. The
fundamental strings may be the circular strings along the cross section of tube
or the straight strings along the axial of the tube, and tube solutions are
parallel to the geometry of Dp-brane background. Through the detailed analyses
we show that only on the D6-brane background could we find the stable tubular
solutions. These tubular configurations are prevented form collapse by the
gravitational field on the curved Dp-brane background.Comment: Latex 11 pages, detail RR-field effect, delete figure 4 and
  associated par
Super Higgs Effect in Extended Supergravity

We consider the reduction of supersymmetry in $N$-extended four dimensional supergravity via the super Higgs mechanism. We provide an analysis largely based on the properties of long and short multiplets of Poincar\'e supersymmetry. Examples of the super Higgs phenomenon are realized in spontaneously broken N=8 supergravity through the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism and in superstring compactification in presence of brane fluxes. In many models the massive vectors count the difference in number of the translation isometries of the scalar $\sigma$-model geometries in the broken and unbroken phase
Nonlocally Regularized Antibracket-Antifield Formalism and Anomalies in
  Chiral $W_3$ Gravity

The nonlocal regularization method, recently proposed in
ref.\,\ct{emkw91,kw92,kw93}, is extended to general gauge theories by
reformulating it along the ideas of the antibracket-antifield formalism. From
the interplay of both frameworks a fully regularized version of the
field-antifield (FA) formalism arises, being able to deal with higher order
loop corrections and to describe higher order loop contributions to the BRST
anomaly. The quantum master equation, considered in the FA framework as the
quantity parametrizing BRST anomalies, is argued to be incomplete at two and
higher order loops and conjectured to reproduce only the one-loop corrections
to the $\hbar^p$ anomaly generated by the addition of $O(\hbar^{k})$, $k<p$,
counterterms. Chiral $W_3$ gravity is used to exemplify the nonlocally
regularized FA formalism. First, the regularized one-loop quantum master
equation is used to compute the complete one-loop anomaly. Its two-loop order,
however, is shown to reproduce only the modification to the two-loop anomaly
produced by the addition of a suitable one-loop counterterm, thereby providing
an explicit verification of the previous statement for $p=2$. The well-known
universal two-loop anomaly, instead, is alternatively obtained from the BRST
variation of the nonlocally regulated effective action. Incompleteness of the
quantum master equation is thus concluded to be a consequence of a naive
derivation of the FA BRST Ward identity.Comment: 32 pages, LaTeX (uses feynman), 3 figures (few typos corrected, 3
  references added, final version to appear in Nucl.Phys.B
On two geometric constructions of U(sl_n) and its representations

Ginzburg and Nakajima have given two different geometric constructions of
quotients of the universal enveloping algebra of sl_n and its irreducible
finite-dimensional highest weight representations using the convolution product
in the Borel-Moore homology of flag varieties and quiver varieties
respectively. The purpose of this paper is to explain the precise relationship
between the two constructions. In particular, we show that while the two yield
different quotients of the universal enveloping algebra, they produce the same
representations and the natural bases which arise in both constructions are the
same. We also examine how this relationship can be used to translate the
crystal structure on irreducible components of quiver varieties, defined by
Kashiwara and Saito, to a crystal structure on the varieties appearing in
Ginzburg's construction, thus recovering results of Malkin.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure; v2: Minor changes to match published versio
Bayesian analysis of Bell inequalities

Statistical tests are needed to determine experimentally whether a
hypothetical theory based on local realism can be an acceptable alternative to
quantum mechanics. It is impossible to rule out local realism by a single test,
as often claimed erroneously. The ``strength'' of a particular Bell inequality
is measured by the number of trials that are needed to invalidate local realism
at a given confidence level. Various versions of Bell's inequality are compared
from this point of view. It is shown that Mermin's inequality for
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states requires fewer tests than the
Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality or than its chained variants applied to a
singlet state, and also than Hardy's proof of nonlocality.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, PostScript figue on separate pag