pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The applicability of far-infrared fine-structure lines as star formation rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities  and galaxy types

International audienceAims. We analyze the applicability of far-infrared fine-structure lines [Cii] 158 μm, [Oi] 63 μm, and [Oiii] 88 μm to reliably trace the star formation rate (SFR) in a sample of low-metallicity dwarf galaxies from the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey and, furthermore, extend the analysis to a broad sample of galaxies of various types and metallicities in the literature.Methods. We study the trends and scatter in the relation between the SFR (as traced by GALEX FUV and MIPS 24 μm) and far-infrared line emission, on spatially resolved and global galaxy scales, in dwarf galaxies. We assemble far-infrared line measurements from the literature and infer whether the far-infrared lines can probe the SFR (as traced by the total infrared luminosity) in a variety of galaxy populations.Results. In metal-poor dwarfs, the [Oi]63 and [Oiii]88 lines show the strongest correlation with the SFR with an uncertainty on the SFR estimates better than a factor of 2, while the link between [Cii] emission and the SFR is more dispersed (uncertainty factor of 2.6). The increased scatter in the SFR–L[CII] relation toward low metal abundances, warm dust temperatures, and large filling factors of diffuse, highly ionized gas suggests that other cooling lines start to dominate depending on the density and ionization state of the gas.   For the literature sample, we evaluate the correlations for a number of different galaxy populations. The [Cii] and [Oi]63 lines are considered to be reliable SFR tracers in starburst galaxies, recovering the star formation activity within an uncertainty of factor 2. For sources with composite and active galactic nucleus (AGN) classifications, all three FIR lines can recover the SFR with an uncertainty factor of 2.3. The SFR calibrations for ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) are similar to starbursts/AGNs in terms of scatter but offset from the starburst/AGN SFR relations because of line deficits relative to their total infrared luminosity. While the number of detections of the FIR fine-structure lines is still very limited at high redshift for [Oi]63 and [Oiii]88, we provide an SFR calibration for [Cii]
Radiation magnetohydrodynamics in global simulations   of protoplanetary discs

International audienceAims. Our aim is to study the thermal and dynamical evolution of protoplanetary discs in global simulations, including the physics of radiation transfer and magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence caused by the magneto-rotational instability.Methods. We have developed a radiative transfer method based on the flux-limited diffusion approximation that includes frequency dependent irradiation by the central star. This hybrid scheme is implemented in the PLUTO code. The focus of our implementation is on the performance of the radiative transfer method. Using an optimized Jacobi preconditioned BiCGSTAB solver, the radiative module is three times faster than the magneto-hydrodynamic step for the disc set-up we consider. We obtain weak scaling efficiencies of 70% up to 1024 cores.Results. We present the first global 3D radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of a stratified protoplanetary disc. The disc model parameters were chosen to approximate those of the system AS 209 in the star-forming region Ophiuchus. Starting the simulation from a disc in radiative and hydrostatic equilibrium, the magneto-rotational instability quickly causes magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence and heating in the disc. We find that the turbulent properties are similar to that of recent locally isothermal global simulations of protoplanetary discs. For example, the rate of angular momentum transport α is a few times 10-3. For the disc parameters we use, turbulent dissipation heats the disc midplane and raises the temperature by about 15% compared to passive disc models. The vertical temperature profile shows no temperature peak at the midplane as in classical viscous disc models. A roughly flat vertical temperature profile establishes in the optically thick region of the disc close to the midplane. We reproduce the vertical temperature profile with viscous disc models for which the stress tensor vertical profile is flat in the bulk of the disc and vanishes in the disc corona.Conclusions. The present paper demonstrates for the first time that global radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent protoplanetary discs are feasible with current computational facilities. This opens up the window to a wide range of studies of the dynamics of the inner parts of protoplanetary discs, for which there are significant observational constraints
R 4 counterterm and E 7(7) symmetry in maximal supergravity

The coefficient of a potential R 4 counterterm in N = 8 supergravity has been shown previously to vanish in an explicit three-loop calculation. The R 4 term respects N = 8 supersymmetry; hence this result poses the question of whether another symmetry could be responsible for the cancellation of the three-loop divergence. In this article we investigate possible restrictions from the continuous coset symmetry E 7(7)/SU(8) , exploring the limits as a single scalar becomes soft, as well as a double-soft scalar limit relation derived recently by Arkani-Hamed et al. We implement these relations for the matrix elements of the R 4 term that occurs in the low-energy expansion of closed-string tree-level amplitudes. We find that the matrix elements of R 4 that we investigated all obey the double-soft scalar limit relation, including certain non-maximally-helicity- violating six-point amplitudes. However, the single-soft limit does not vanish for this latter set of amplitudes, which suggests that the E 7(7) symmetry is broken by the R 4 term.U.S. Department of Energy/DE-AC02-76SF00515German-Israeli Project cooperation (DIP)German-Israeli Foundation (GIF
Planck intermediate results XVIII the millimetre and sub-millimetre emission from planetary nebulae

Late stages of stellar evolution are characterized by copious mass-loss events whose signature is the formation of circumstellar envelopes (CSE). Planck multi-frequency measurements have provided relevant information on a sample of Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) in the important and relatively unexplored observational band between 30 and 857 GHz. Planck enables the assembly of comprehensive PNe spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from radio to far-IR frequencies. Modelling the derived SEDs provides us with information on physical properties of CSEs and the mass content of both main components: ionized gas, traced by the free-free emission at cm-mm waves; and thermal dust, traced by the millimetre and far-IR emission. In particular, the amount of ionized gas and dust has been derived here. Such quantities have also been estimated for the very young PN CRL 618, where the strong variability observed in its radio and millimetre emission has previously prevented constructing its SED. A morphological study of the Helix Nebula was also performed. Planck maps reveal, for the first time, the spatial distribution of the dust inside the envelope, allowing us to identify different components, the most interesting of which is a very extended component (up to 1 pc) that may be related to a region where the slow expanding envelope is interacting with the surrounding interstellar medium
Municipal service delivery : the role of transaction costs in the choice between alternative governance mechanisms

Service provision by local governments can be delivered using in-house bureaucracies, private firms, and partnerships with other governments or the not-for-profit sector. This production decision has been a major focus of discussion among scholars, practitioners and political agents for the last quarter of a century. The transaction costs framework is an important tool to analyse decisions regarding the production of local services. In this paper, the authors employ this framework to analyse service delivery in Portugal and find that service characteristics and the local political environment play a key role in local officials’ choice among the three governance mechanisms to deliver public service
Measurement of the WW + W Z cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings using final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and two jets with the ATLAS detector at √s = 7 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.1 (2015): 049 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)The production of a W boson decaying to eν or μν in association with a W or Z boson decaying to two jets is studied using 4.6 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s =7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combined WW + WZ cross section is measured with a significance of 3.4σ and is found to be 68±7 (stat.)±19 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of 61.1±2.2 pb. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the dijet system is used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the triple gauge coupling vertices and on parameters of an effective-field-theory modelWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff
from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently.
We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia;
BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Health inequalities in England, Scotland and Wales : stakeholders' accounts and policy compared.\ud

Objectives\ud
The election of a Labour government in 1997 brought the issue of health inequalities firmly back on to the policy agenda across the UK. Since then, in the wake of devolution, the need to tackle health inequalities has been highlighted as a policy priority in all three mainland UK countries, albeit with varying degrees of emphasis. This paper reports on a major cross-national study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, investigating how National Health Service bodies, local councils and partnerships make sense of their work on health inequalities, and examining the difference made by the contrasting approaches that have been taken to performance assessment in England, Wales and Scotland.\ud
\ud
Study design\ud
Case studies, semi-structured interviews and analysis of key policy statements.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
In order to explore how health inequalities have been approached by the three governments (noting that there was a change in governments in Wales and Scotland during this time), key policy statements published between May 1997 and May 2007 were analysed. Concurrently, data from stakeholder interviews carried out in 2006 in case study areas in each country were analysed to determine the extent of alignment between policy and practice at local level.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
This paper suggests that claims about the extent of health policy divergence in post-devolution Britain may have been exaggerated. It finds that, whilst the three countries have taken differing approaches to performance assessment and the setting of targets, policy approaches to health inequalities up until 2007 appear to have been remarkably similar. Furthermore, the first round of interview data suggest that variations in local understandings of, and responses to, health inequalities cannot always be clearly distinguished along national lines.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
Based on the policy analysis, devolution in the UK does not appear to have resulted in substantively different national policy approaches to health inequalities. Indeed, the overall analysis suggests that (prior to the 2007 elections in Scotland and Wales) the differences between local areas within countries may be of as much interest as those between countries.\ud
\u
The destiny of natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment : to be suppressed or activated?

In the mid-70s, the term “natural” was used based on the functional properties of NK cells 
where  they  recognize  and  lyse  certain  tumor  cells  without  requirement  of  prior 
immunization.  Although  NK  cells  are  “natural”  in  their  targeting  of  tumors,  their 
responses in the tumor microenvironment have been very challenging to determine. The 
tumor microenvironment is known to consist of a heterogeneous population of cells and 
secreted factors. The failure in the immune surveillance  may in part  be  due to sustained 
immunological selection pressure on tumor cells resulting in the development of tumor 
escape variants that are effectively  invisible to the immune system. On the other hand it 
can be due to the complex network of immune suppressive compartments in the  tumor 
microenvironment. 




We have studied NK cell activity in the tumor microenvironment. The study was  divided 
into two parts; 1) how to augment NK cell activity against tumor cells, and 2) examine the 
suppression of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment.




A  novel  proteasome  inhibitor  (b-AP15)  was  found  to  sensitize  tumor  cells  of  different 
origin to NK cell and T cell-  TRAIL mediated killing. Combined therapy with b-AP15 
and infusion of NK cells and T cells in animals resulted in reduced tumor progression and 
prolonged survival. We also found that enhancement of TRAIL expression on NK cells 
could augment their cytotoxicity against tumors. Such action was possible when NK cells 
were  interacting  with  monocytes  that  were  manipulated  with  a  bisphosphonate  called 
Zoledronic Acid to produce IFN-γ.




Studies on suppression of NK cells involved the outcome of interaction between NK cells 
and dendritic cells (DC) or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), both in vitro and in 
cancer  patients.  We  found  that  both  DC  and  MDSCs  suppress  NK  cell  responses  in 
patients  with  cancer.  STAT-3  phosphorylation  status  in  DC  determined  NK  cell 
responses.  Furthermore, the  crosstalk between DC and NK  cells was  regulated through 
production of LTA, IL-12, and TGF-β. We found that  prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)  converts
healthy monocytes to MDSC-like cells. Similar to patient-derived MDSCs, PGE2-treated 
monocytes  showed  increased  phosphorylation  of  p38MAPK/ERK  and  suppressed  NK 
cell responses by the production of TGF-β.




In this thesis,  new strategies to  improve  NK  cell-based therapy have been suggested and 
new  findings  about  the  mechanisms  of  suppressing  NK  cells  in  the  tumor 
microenvironment have been revealed
MOMP from Campylobacter jejuni is a trimer of 18-stranded β–barrel monomers with a Ca2+ ion bound at the constriction zone

LGMF and SG are funded by EU FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN Translocation network Nr. 607694. The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the Translocation consortium (www.translocation.com) and has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiatives Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement n°115525, resources which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s seventh framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. JHN is Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award holder, Senior Investigator Wellcome Trust (WT100209MA) and Chinese Academy of Science 1000 Talent Scholar.The Gram-negative organism Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. Unlike Escherichia coli which has two major porins, OmpC and OmpF, C. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (MOMP) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. We report the 2.1-Å crystal structure of C. jejuni MOMP expressed in E. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from C. jejuni. The 2.1-Å resolution structure of recombinant MOMP showed that although the protein has timeric arrangement similar to OmpC, it is an18-stranded not 16-stranded β-barrel. The structure has identified a Ca2+ bound at the constriction zone, which molecular dynamics and single channel experiments suggest is functionally significant. The water filled channel of MOMP has a narrow constriction zone and single molecule studies show a monomeric conductivity of 0.7 ± 0.2 nS and a trimeric conductance of 2.2 ± 0.2 nS. The ion neutralizes negative charges at the constriction zone reducing the transverse electric field and reversing ion selectivity. Modelling of the transit of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic of choice for treating Campylobacter infection, through the pore of MOMP reveals a trajectory that is dependent upon the presence metal ion.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Measurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 5\,$TeV

Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured using data from
$pp$ collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of $5\,$TeV. The data
sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.60\pm0.33\,$pb$^{-1}$
collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of $D^0$,
$D^+$, $D_s^+$, and $D^{*+}$ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson
transverse momentum, $p_{\text{T}}$, and rapidity, $y$. They cover the rapidity
range $2.0<y<4.5$ and transverse momentum ranges $0 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\,
\text{GeV}/c$ for $D^0$ and $D^+$ and $1 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\, \text{GeV}/c$
for $D_s^+$ and $D^{*+}$ mesons. The inclusive cross-sections for the four
mesons, including charge-conjugate states, within the range of $1 <
p_{\text{T}} < 8\, \text{GeV}/c$ are determined to be
  \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^0 X) = 1004 \pm 3 \pm 54\,\mu\text{b}
  \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^+ X) = 402 \pm 2 \pm 30\,\mu\text{b}
  \sigma(pp\rightarrow D_s^+ X) = 170 \pm 4 \pm 16\,\mu\text{b}
  \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^{*+} X)= 421 \pm 5 \pm 36\,\mu\text{b} where the
uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-042.htm
Search for high-mass states with one lepton plus missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe ATLAS detector is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W′,W*), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1. No excess beyond standard model expectations is observed. A W′ with sequential standard model couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1.49 TeV, and a W* (charged chiral boson) for masses below 1.35 TeVWe wish to thank CERN for the efficient commissioning and operation of the LHC during this initial high-energy data-taking period as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3–CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Lengths of words in transformation semigroups generated by digraphs.

Given a simple digraph D on n vertices (with  n≥2n≥2 ), there is a natural construction of a semigroup of transformations  ⟨D⟩⟨D⟩ . For any edge (a, b) of D, let  a→ba→b  be the idempotent of rank  n−1n−1  mapping a to b and fixing all vertices other than a; then, define  ⟨D⟩⟨D⟩  to be the semigroup generated by  a→ba→b  for all  (a,b)∈E(D)(a,b)∈E(D) . For  α∈⟨D⟩α∈⟨D⟩ , let  ℓ(D,α)ℓ(D,α)  be the minimal length of a word in E(D) expressing  αα . It is well known that the semigroup  SingnSingn  of all transformations of rank at most  n−1n−1  is generated by its idempotents of rank  n−1n−1 . When  D=KnD=Kn  is the complete undirected graph, Howie and Iwahori, independently, obtained a formula to calculate  ℓ(Kn,α)ℓ(Kn,α) , for any  α∈⟨Kn⟩=Singnα∈⟨Kn⟩=Singn ; however, no analogous non-trivial results are known when  D≠KnD≠Kn . In this paper, we characterise all simple digraphs D such that either  ℓ(D,α)ℓ(D,α)  is equal to Howie–Iwahori’s formula for all  α∈⟨D⟩α∈⟨D⟩ , or  ℓ(D,α)=n−fix(α)ℓ(D,α)=n−fix(α) for all  α∈⟨D⟩α∈⟨D⟩ , or  ℓ(D,α)=n−rk(α)ℓ(D,α)=n−rk(α)  for all  α∈⟨D⟩α∈⟨D⟩ . We also obtain bounds for  ℓ(D,α)ℓ(D,α) when D is an acyclic digraph or a strong tournament (the latter case corresponds to a smallest generating set of idempotents of rank  n−1n−1  of  SingnSingn ). We finish the paper with a list of conjectures and open problems