pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the $B^{\pm}$ production cross-section in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 13 TeV

The production of $B^{\pm}$ mesons is studied in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 13 TeV, using $B^{\pm} \to J/\psi K^{\pm}$ decays and data samples corresponding to 1.0 $fb^{−1}$ and 0.3 $fb^{−1}$, respectively. The production cross-sections summed over both charges and integrated over the transverse momentum range $0 < p_T < 40 GeV/c$ and the rapidity range $2.0 < y < 4.5$ are measured to be\ud
$\sigma (pp \to B^{\pm}X,\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV) = 43.0 \pm 0.2 \pm 2.5 \pm 1.7 \mu b$,\ud
$\sigma (pp \to B^{\pm}X,\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV) = 86.6 \pm 0.5 \pm 5.4 \pm 3.4 \mu b$,\ud
where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, and the third are due to the limited knowledge of the $B^{\pm} \to J/\psi K^{\pm}$ branching fraction. The ratio of the cross-section at 13 TeV to that at 7 TeV is determined to be $2.02 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.12 (syst)$. Differential cross-sections are also reported as functions of $p_T$ and $y$. All results are in agreement with theoretical calculations based on the state-of-art fixed next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics
Effective-field theory analysis of the $\tau^- \to \eta^{(\prime)} \pi^-
  \nu_\tau$ decays

The rare $\tau^- \to \eta^{(\prime)} \pi^- \nu_\tau$ decays, which are
suppressed by $G$-parity in the Standard Model (SM), can be sensitive to the
effects of new interactions. We study the sensitivity of different observables
of these decays in the framework of an effective field theory that includes the
most general interactions between SM fields up to dimension six, assuming
massless neutrinos. Owing to the strong suppression of the SM isospin breaking
amplitudes, we find that the different observables would allow to set
constraints on scalar interactions that are stronger than those coming from
other low-energy observables.Comment: 23 pages, 8 multiple figures and one table. Extended discussion of
  the hadronization of the tensor current and improved presentation of the
  plots. Accepted for publication in JHE
Classification of compactified $su(N_c)$ gauge theories with fermions in
  all representations

We classify $su(N_c)$ gauge theories on $\mathbb R^3\times \mathbb S^1$ with
massless fermions in higher representations obeying periodic boundary
conditions along $\mathbb S^1$. In particular, we single out the class of
theories that is asymptotically free and weakly coupled in the infrared, and
therefore, is amenable to semi-classical treatment. Our study is conducted by
carefully identifying the vacua inside the affine Weyl chamber using Verma
bases and Frobenius formula techniques. Theories with fermions in pure
representations are generally strongly coupled. The only exceptions are the
four-index symmetric representation of $su(2)$ and adjoint representation of
$su(N_c)$. However, we find a plethora of admissible theories with fermions in
mixed representations. A sub-class of these theories have degenerate
perturbative vacua separated by domain walls. In particular, $su(N_c)$ theories
with fermions in the mixed representations adjoint$\oplus$fundamental and
adjoint$\oplus$two-index symmetric admit degenerate vacua that spontaneously
break the parity ${\cal P}$, charge conjugation ${\cal C}$, and time reversal
${\cal T}$ symmetries. These are the first examples of strictly weakly coupled
gauge theories on $\mathbb R^3 \times \mathbb S^1$ with spontaneously broken
${\cal C}$, ${\cal P}$, and ${\cal T}$ symmetries. We also compute the fermion
zero modes in the background of monopole-instantons. The monopoles and their
composites (topological molecules) proliferate in the vacuum leading to the
confinement of electric charges. Interestingly enough, some theories have also
accidental degenerate vacua, which are not related by any symmetry. These vacua
admit different numbers of fermionic zero modes, and hence, different kinds of
topological molecules. The lack of symmetry, however, indicates that such
degeneracy might be lifted by higher order corrections.Comment: 53 pages; a new section is added on the phase structure of theories
  with fermions in the adjoint+fundamental representations, typos corrected,
  references and figures added, matches the published versio
Homogeneous isotropization and equilibration of a strongly coupled
  plasma with a critical point

We use holography to investigate the process of homogeneous isotropization
and thermalization in a strongly coupled $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang-Mills
plasma charged under a $U(1)$ subgroup of the global $SU(4)$ R-symmetry which
features a critical point in its phase diagram. Isotropization dynamics at late
times is affected by the critical point in agreement with the behavior of the
characteristic relaxation time extracted from the analysis of the lowest
non-hydrodynamic quasinormal mode in the $SO(3)$ quintuplet (external scalar)
channel of the theory. In particular, the isotropization time may decrease or
increase as the chemical potential increases depending on whether one is far or
close enough to the critical point, respectively. On the other hand, the
thermalization time associated with the equilibration of the scalar condensate,
which happens only after the system has relaxed to a (nearly) isotropic state,
is found to always increase with chemical potential in agreement with the
characteristic relaxation time associated to the lowest non-hydrodynamic
quasinormal mode in the $SO(3)$ singlet (dilaton) channel. These conclusions
about the late dynamics of the system are robust in the sense that they hold
for different initial conditions seeding the time evolution of the
far-from-equilibrium plasma.Comment: 66 pages, 27 figures, calculation of the QNMs of the dilaton channel
  added, revised conclusions. Accepted for publication in JHEP. v4: typos
  correcte
Generalized $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$ in Scaling neutrino
  Majorana mass matrix and baryogenesis via flavored leptogenesis

We investigate the consequences of a generalized
$\mathbb{Z}_2\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry on a scaling neutrino Majorana mass
matrix. It enables us to determine definite analytical relations between the
mixing angles $\theta_{12}$ and $\theta_{13}$, maximal CP violation for the
Dirac type and vanishing for the Majorana type. Beside the other testable
predictions on the low energy neutrino parameters such as $\beta\beta_{0\nu}$
decay matrix element $|M_{ee}|$ and the light neutrino masses $m_{1,2,3}$, the
model also has intriguing consequences from the perspective of leptogenesis.
With the assumption that the required CP violation for leptogenesis is created
by the decay of lightest ($N_1$) of the heavy Majorana neutrinos, only
$\tau$-flavored leptogenesis scenario is found to be allowed in this model. For
a normal (inverted) ordering of light neutrino masses, $\theta_{23}$ is found
be less (greater) than its maximal value, for the final baryon asymmetry $Y_B$
to be in the observed range. Besides, an upper and a lower bound on the mass of
$N_1$ have also been estimated. Effect of the heavier neutrinos $N_{2,3}$ on
final $Y_B$ has been worked out subsequently. The predictions of this model
will be tested in the experiments such as nEXO, LEGEND, GERDA-II, T2K,
NO$\nu$A, DUNE etc.Comment: 37 pages, 12 figures, 9 tables, version accepted for publication in
  JHE
On the Symmetry Foundation of Double Soft Theorems

Double-soft theorems, like its single-soft counterparts, arises from the
underlying symmetry principles that constrain the interactions of massless
particles. While single soft theorems can be derived in a non-perturbative
fashion by employing current algebras, recent attempts of extending such an
approach to known double soft theorems has been met with difficulties. In this
work, we have traced the difficulty to two inequivalent expansion schemes,
depending on whether the soft limit is taken asymmetrically or symmetrically,
which we denote as type A and B respectively. We show that soft-behaviour for
type A scheme can simply be derived from single soft theorems, and are thus
non-preturbatively protected. For type B, the information of the four-point
vertex is required to determine the corresponding soft theorems, and thus are
in general not protected. This argument can be readily extended to general
multi-soft theorems. We also ask whether unitarity can be emergent from
locality together with the two kinds of soft theorems, which has not been fully
investigated before.Comment: 45 pages, 7 figure
Flat Monodromies and a Moduli Space Size Conjecture

We investigate how super-Planckian axions can arise when type IIB 3-form flux
is used to restrict a two-axion field space to a one-dimensional winding
trajectory. If one does not attempt to address notoriously complicated issues
like Kahler moduli stabilization, SUSY-breaking and inflation, this can be done
very explicitly. We show that the presence of flux generates flat monodromies
in the moduli space which we therefore call 'Monodromic Moduli Space'. While we
do indeed find long axionic trajectories, these are non-geodesic. Moreover, the
length of geodesics remains highly constrained, in spite of the (finite)
monodromy group introduced by the flux. We attempt to formulate this in terms
of a 'Moduli Space Size Conjecture'. Interesting mathematical structures arise
in that the relevant spaces turn out to be fundamental domains of congruence
subgroups of the modular group. In addition, new perspectives on inflation in
string theory emerge.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figures; v3: references added, new section adde
The Toric SO(10) F-Theory Landscape

Supergravity theories in more than four dimensions with grand unified gauge
symmetries are an important intermediate step towards the ultraviolet
completion of the Standard Model in string theory. Using toric geometry, we
classify and analyze six-dimensional F-theory vacua with gauge group SO(10)
taking into account Mordell-Weil U(1) and discrete gauge factors. We determine
the full matter spectrum of these models, including charged and neutral SO(10)
singlets. Based solely on the geometry, we compute all matter multiplicities
and confirm the cancellation of gauge and gravitational anomalies independent
of the base space. Particular emphasis is put on symmetry enhancements at the
loci of matter fields and to the frequent appearance of superconformal points.
They are linked to non-toric K\"ahler deformations which contribute to the
counting of degrees of freedom. We compute the anomaly coefficients for these
theories as well by using a base-independent blow-up procedure and
superconformal matter transitions. Finally, we identify six-dimensional
supergravity models which can yield the Standard Model with high-scale
supersymmetry by further compactification to four dimensions in an Abelian flux
background.Comment: 64 pages, 40 pages appendices, 18 figures, 6 Tables, references
  added, published versio
MSSM-inspired multifield inflation

Despite the fact that experimentally with a high degree of statistical
significance only a single Standard Model--like Higgs boson is discovered at
the LHC, extended Higgs sectors with multiple scalar fields not excluded by
combined fits of the data are more preferable theoretically for internally
consistent realistic models of particle physics. We analyze the inflationary
scenarios which could be induced by the two-Higgs doublet potential of the
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) where five scalar fields have
nonminimal couplings to gravity. Observables following from such MSSM-inspired
multifield inflation are calculated and a number of consistent inflationary
scenarios are constructed. Cosmological evolution with different initial
conditions for the multifield system leads to consequences fully compatible
with observational data on the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio.
It is demonstrated that the strong coupling approximation is precise enough to
describe such inflationary scenarios.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables. Version to appear in JHEP. Additions
  made to the text of the Introduction dealing with the issues of conformity of
  this multifield model and models of N=1 supergravity (pages 2-3). Added new
  inflationary scenarios, which are an artifact of such analysis (pages 11-12,
  Tables 1-4). Additional comments on page 9 and page 13. New references adde
Subleading power corrections to the pion-photon transition form factor
  in QCD

We reconsider QCD factorization for the leading power contribution to the
$\gamma^{\ast} \gamma \to \pi^0$ form factor $F_{\gamma^{\ast} \gamma \to
\pi^0} (Q^2)$ at one loop using the evanescent operator approach, and
demonstrate the equivalence of the resulting factorization formulae derived
with distinct prescriptions of $\gamma_5$ in dimensional regularization.
Applying the light-cone QCD sum rules (LCSRs) with photon distribution
amplitudes (DAs) we further compute the subleading power contribution to the
pion-photon form factor induced by the "hadronic" component of the real photon
at the next-to-leading-order in ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$, with both naive
dimensional regularization and 't Hooft-Veltman schemes of $\gamma_5$.
Confronting our theoretical predictions of $F_{\gamma^{\ast} \gamma \to \pi^0}
(Q^2)$ with the experimental measurements from the BaBar and the Belle
Collaborations implies that a reasonable agreement can be achieved without
introducing an "exotic" end-point behaviour for the twist-2 pion DA.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figure
Expansion of All Multitrace Tree Level EYM Amplitudes

In this paper, we investigate the expansion of tree level multitrace
Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) amplitudes. First, we propose two types of recursive
expansions of tree level EYM amplitudes with an arbitrary number of gluons,
gravitons and traces by those amplitudes with fewer traces or/and gravitons.
Then we give many support evidence, including proofs using the Cachazo-He-Yuan
(CHY) formula and Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten (BCFW) recursive relation. As a
byproduct, two types of generalized BCJ relations for multitrace EYM are
further proposed, which will be useful in the BCFW proof. After one applies the
recursive expansions repeatedly, any multitrace EYM amplitudes can be given in
the Kleiss-Kuijf (KK) basis of tree level color ordered Yang-Mills (YM)
amplitudes. Thus the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators, as the expansion
coefficients, for all multitrace EYM amplitudes are naturally constructed.Comment: 89 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor modification in the notation for
  Parke-Taylor factor, published versio
BPS objects in D=7 supergravity and their M-theory origin

We study several different types of BPS flows within minimal $\mathcal{N}=1$,
$D=7$ supergravity with $\textrm{SU}(2)$ gauge group and non-vanishing
topological mass. After reviewing some known domain wall solutions involving
only the metric and the $\mathbb{R}^{+}$ scalar field, we move to considering
more general flows involving a "dyonic" profile for the 3-form gauge potential.
In this context, we consider flows featuring a $\textrm{Mkw}_{3}$ as well as an
$\textrm{AdS}_{3}$ slicing, write down the corresponding flow equations, and
integrate them analytically to obtain many examples of asymptotically
$\mathrm{AdS}_7$ solutions in presence of a running 3-form. Furthermore, we
move to adding the possibility of non-vanishing vector fields, find the new
corresponding flows and integrate them numerically. Finally, we discuss the
eleven-dimensional interpretation of the aforementioned solutions as effective
descriptions of $\mathrm{M2}-\mathrm{M5}$ bound states.Comment: 35 pages, 2 figure
Exceptional $\mathcal N=3$ theories

We present a new construction of four dimensional $\mathcal N=3$ theories,
given by M5 branes wrapping a $T^2$ in an M-theory U-fold background. The
resulting setup generalizes the one used in the usual class $\mathcal S$
construction of four dimensional theories by using an extra discrete symmetry
on the M5 worldvolume. Together with the M-theory U-fold description of $(0,2)$
$E$-type six-dimensional SCFTs, this allows to construct new, exceptional,
$\mathcal N=3$ theories.Comment: v2: Minor modifications, version to appear in JHE
Transverse Vetoes with Rapidity Cutoff in SCET

We consider di-jet production in hadron collisions where a transverse veto is
imposed on radiation for (pseudo-)rapidities in the central region only, where
this central region is defined with rapidity cutoff. For the case where the
transverse measurement (e.g., transverse energy or min $p_T$ for jet veto) is
parametrically larger relative to the typical transverse momentum beyond the
cutoff, the cross section is insensitive to the cutoff parameter and is
factorized in terms of collinear and soft degrees of freedom. The virtuality
for these degrees of freedom is set by the transverse measurement, as in
typical transverse-momentum dependent observables such as Drell-Yan, Higgs
production, and the event shape broadening. This paper focuses on the other
region, where the typical transverse momentum below and beyond the cutoff is of
similar size. In this region the rapidity cutoff further resolves soft
radiation into (u)soft and soft-collinear radiation with different rapidities
but identical virtuality. This gives rise to rapidity logarithms of the
rapidity cutoff parameter which we resum using renormalization group methods.
We factorize the cross section in this region in terms of soft and collinear
functions in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory, then further
refactorize the soft function as a convolution of the (u)soft and
soft-collinear functions. All these functions are calculated at one-loop order.
As an example, we calculate a differential cross section for a specific
partonic channel, $q q' \to q q'$, for the jet shape angularities and show that
the refactorization allows us to resum the rapidity logarithms and
significantly reduce theoretical uncertainties in the jet shape spectrum
Collider Probes of Axion-Like Particles

Axion-like particles (ALPs), which are gauge-singlets under the Standard
Model (SM), appear in many well-motivated extensions of the SM. Describing the
interactions of ALPs with SM fields by means of an effective Lagrangian, we
discuss ALP decays into SM particles at one-loop order, including for the first
time a calculation of the $a\to\pi\pi\pi$ decay rates for ALP masses below a
few GeV. We argue that, if the ALP couples to at least some SM particles with
couplings of order $(0.01-1) \mbox{TeV}^{-1}$, its mass must be above 1 MeV.
Taking into account the possibility of a macroscopic ALP decay length, we show
that large regions of so far unconstrained parameter space can be explored by
searches for the exotic, on-shell Higgs and $Z$ decays $h\to Za$, $h\to aa$ and
$Z\to\gamma a$ in Run-2 of the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 300
fb$^{-1}$. This includes the parameter space in which ALPs can explain the
anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Considering subsequent ALP decays into
photons and charged leptons, we show that the LHC provides unprecedented
sensitivity to the ALP-photon and ALP-lepton couplings in the mass region above
a few MeV, even if the relevant ALP couplings are loop suppressed and the
$a\to\gamma\gamma$ and $a\to\ell^+\ell^-$ branching ratios are significantly
less than 1. We also discuss constraints on the ALP parameter space from
electroweak precision tests.Comment: 63 pages, 28 figures. The presentation of constraints from ALP decays
  in photons and leptons is extended, benchmarks are added, limits on ALPs from
  a Babar search for four muon final states are computed, bounds from the
  non-observation of a photon bursts in supernovae are included and the
  validity of the Edelweiss bounds is discussed. This version matches the
  version published in JHE
Modular Constraints on Conformal Field Theories with Currents

We study constraints coming from the modular invariance of the partition
function of two-dimensional conformal field theories. We constrain the spectrum
of CFTs in the presence of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic currents using the
semi-definite programming. In particular, we find the bounds on the twist gap
for the non-current primaries depend dramatically on the presence of
holomorphic currents, showing numerous kinks and peaks. Various rational CFTs
are realized at the numerical boundary of the twist gap, saturating the upper
limits on the degeneracies. Such theories include Wess-Zumino-Witten models for
the Deligne's exceptional series, the Monster CFT and the Baby Monster CFT. We
also study modular constraints imposed by $\mathcal{W}$-algebras of various
type and observe that the bounds on the gap depend on the choice of
$\mathcal{W}$-algebra in the small central charge region.Comment: 49 pages, 23 figure
The Photon Content of the Proton

The photon PDF of the proton is needed for precision comparisons of LHC cross
sections with theoretical predictions. In a recent paper, we showed how the
photon PDF could be determined in terms of the electromagnetic proton structure
functions $F_2$ and $F_L$ measured in electron-proton scattering experiments,
and gave an explicit formula for the PDF including all terms up to
next-to-leading order. In this paper we give details of the derivation. We
obtain the photon PDF using the factorisation theorem and applying it to
suitable BSM hard scattering processes. We also obtain the same PDF in a
process-independent manner using the usual definition of PDFs in terms of
light-cone Fourier transforms of products of operators. We show how our method
gives an exact representation for the photon PDF in terms of $F_2$ and $F_L$,
valid to all orders in QED and QCD, and including all non-perturbative
corrections. This representation is then used to give an explicit formula for
the photon PDF to one order higher than our previous result. We also generalise
our results to obtain formul\ae\ for the polarised photon PDF, as well as the
photon TMDPDF. Using our formula, we derive the $P_{\gamma i}$ subset of DGLAP
splitting functions to order $\alpha \alpha_s$ and $\alpha^2$, which agree with
known results. We give a detailed explanation of the approach that we follow to
determine a photon PDF and its uncertainty within the above framework.Comment: 75 pages, 25 figures, data files corresponding to the figures
  available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.837233, LUXqed17 PDF files
  available in LHAPDF, references added in v
Nonviolent unitarization: basic postulates to soft quantum structure of
  black holes

A first-principles approach to the unitarity problem for black holes is
systematically explored, based on the postulates of 1) quantum mechanics 2) the
ability to approximately locally divide quantum gravitational systems into
subsystems 3) correspondence with quantum field theory predictions for
appropriate observers and (optionally) 4) universality of new gravitational
effects. Unitarity requires interactions between the internal state of a black
hole and its surroundings that have not been identified in the field theory
description; correspondence with field theory indicates that these are soft. A
conjectured information-theoretic result for information transfer between
subsystems, partly motivated by a perturbative argument, then constrains the
minimum coupling size of these interactions of the quantum atmosphere of a
black hole. While large couplings are potentially astronomically observable,
given this conjecture one finds that the new couplings can be exponentially
small in the black hole entropy, yet achieve the information transfer rate
needed for unitarization, due to the large number of black hole internal
states. This provides a new possible alternative to arguments for large effects
near the horizon. If universality is assumed, these couplings can be described
as small, soft, state-dependent fluctuations of the metric near the black hole.
Open questions include that of the more fundamental basis for such an effective
picture.Comment: 31 pages, 1 figur