pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Use of the Karhunen-Loève Transform for interference detection and mitigation in GNSS

Improving the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver robustness in a radio interfered environment has been always one of the main concerns for the GNSS community. Due to the weakness of the signal impinging the GNSS receiver antenna, GNSS receiver performance can be seriously threatened by the presence of stronger interfering signals. In these scenarios, classical interference countermeasures may fail due to the fact that interference detection and removal process causes also a non-negligible degradation of the received GNSS signal. This paper introduces an innovative interference detection and mitigation technique against the well-known jamming threat. This technique is based on the use of the Karhunen-Lo`eve Transform (KLT) which allows for the representation of the received interfered signals in a transformed domain where interference components can be better identified, isolated and removed, avoiding significant degradation of the useful GNSS signal
Active normal faulting during the 1997 seismic sequence in Colfiorito, Umbria : did slip propagate to the surface?

In order to determine whether slip during an earthquake on the 26th September 1997 propagated to the surface, structural data have been collected along a bedrock fault scarp in Umbria, Italy. These collected data are used to investigate the relationship between the throw associated with a debated surface rupture (observed as a pale unweathered stripe at the base of the bedrock fault scarp) and the strike, dip and slip-vector. Previous studies have suggested that the surface rupture was produced either by primary surface slip or secondary compaction of hangingwall sediments. Some authors favour the latter because sparse surface fault dip measurements do not match nodal plane dips at depth. It is demonstrated herein that the strike, dip and height of the surface rupture, represented by a pale unweathered stripe at the base of the bedrock scarp, shows a systematic relationship with respect to the geometry and kinematics of faulting in the bedrock. The strike and dip co-vary and the throw is greatest where the strike is oblique to the slip-vector azimuth where the highest dip values are recorded. This implies that the throw values vary to accommodate spatial variation in the strike and dip of the fault across fault plane corrugations, a feature that is predicted by theory describing conservation of strain along faults, but not by compaction. Furthermore, published earthquake locations and reported fault dips are consistent with the analysed surface scarps when natural variation for surface dips and uncertainty for nodal plane dips at depth are taken into account. This implies that the fresh stripe is indeed a primary coseismic surface rupture whose slip is connected to the seismogenic fault at depth. We discuss how this knowledge of the locations and geometry of the active faults can be used as an input for seismic hazard assessment
Photonic curing of sol-gel derived HfO2 dielectrics for organic field-effect transistors

An efficient way to reduce the supply voltages of organic field-effect transistors is the use of high-k inorganic materials. In order to allow high throughput during fabrication, solution-based processes for realizing inorganic dielectrics by using sol–gel procedures have become attractive in recent years. However, this procedure typically involves extended high-temperature annealing steps to achieve high-quality insulating layers which hampers fast fabrication and is incompatible to be carried out on low-temperature organic substrates. In this work, the use of a photonic curing technique is presented for the annealing of sol–gel derived hafnium oxide (HfO2) dielectrics within a few seconds. The investigations demonstrate the reduction of the leakage current density of more than 3 orders of magnitude after the photonic curing process reaching only slightly higher values as obtained with dielectric films formed from highly sophisticated atomic layer deposition. Moreover, capacitance measurements reveal a dielectric constant of 26 indicating bulk-like properties. Furthermore, organic transistors based on photonically cured HfO2 sol–gel dielectrics are fabricated and characterized operating at low voltages (<2 V), low subthreshold swing (110 mV/decade) and charge carrier mobilities of 1 cm2/Vs using a semiconducting liquid-crystal polymer
Data for the crystal structure of APRIL-BAFF-BAFF heterotrimer.

The TNF family ligands B cell activation factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) modulate B cell function by forming homotrimers and heterotrimers. To determine the structure of a heterotrimer of BAFF and APRIL, these ligands were expressed as a single chain protein in HEK 293 cells, purified by affinity and size exclusion chromatographies, and crystallized. Crystals belonging to the orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of C2221 diffracted to 2.43 Å. Initial structural solution was obtained by the molecular replacement method, and the structure was further refined to an R factor of 0.179 and free R factor of 0.234. The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited into the Protein Data Bank (accession code 4ZCH)
Geometrically Precise Building Blocks: the Self-Assembly of beta-Peptides

Peptides comprised entirely of b-amino acids, or b-peptides, have attracted substantial interest over the past 25 years due to their unique structural and chemical characteristics. b-Peptides form well-defined secondary\ud
structures that exhibit different geometries compared with their a-peptide counterparts, giving rise to their\ud
foldamer classification. b-Peptide foldamers can be functionalized easily and are metabolically stable and,\ud
together with the predictable side-chain topography, have led to the design of a growing number of bioactive\ud
b-peptides with a range of biological targets. The strategic engineering of chemical and topographic properties has also led to the design of b-peptide mimics of higher-order oligomers. More recently, the ability\ud
of these peptides to self-assemble into complex structures of controlled geometries has been exploited in\ud
materials applications. The focus of thismini-review is on how the unique structural features of b-peptide assemblies have been exploited in the design of self-assembled proteomimetic bundles and nanomaterials
Search for scalar top quark pair production in natural gauge mediated supersymmetry models with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The results of a search for pair production of the lighter scalar partners of top quarks ([bar over t][subscript 1]) in 2.05 fb[superscript −1] of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are reported. Scalar top quarks are searched for in events with two same flavour opposite-sign leptons (e, μ) with invariant mass consistent with the Z boson mass, large missing transverse momentum and jets in the final state. At least one of the jets is identified as originating from a b-quark. No excess over Standard Model expectations is found. The results are interpreted in the framework of R-parity conserving, gauge mediated Supersymmetry breaking ‘natural’ scenarios, where the neutralino ([bar over χ][0 over 1]) is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle. Scalar top quark masses up to 310 GeV are excluded for 115 GeV <m[subscript bar over χ][subscript 0 over 1] < 230 GeV at 95% confidence level, reaching an exclusion of m[subscript bar over t][subscript 1] < 330 GeV for m[subscript bar over χ][subscript 0 over 1] = 190 GeV. Scalar top quark masses below 240 GeV are excluded for all values of m[subscript bar over χ][subscript 0 over 1] > m[subscript Z].United States. Dept. of EnergyEuropean Organization for Nuclear ResearchNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Measurement of the production of neighbouring jets in lead-lead collisions at √sNN=2.76  TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents measurements of correlated production of nearby jets in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN =2.76  TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement was performed using 0.14 nb⁻¹ of data recorded in 2011. The production of correlated jet pairs was quantified using the rate, R ΔR  , of "neighbouring" jets that accompany "test" jets within a given range of angular distance, ΔR , in the pseudorapidity--azimuthal angle plane. The jets were measured in the ATLAS calorimeter and were reconstructed using the anti-k t   algorithm with radius parameters d=0.2 , 0.3 , and 0.4 . R ΔR   was measured in different Pb+Pb collision centrality bins, characterized by the total transverse energy measured in the forward calorimeters. A centrality dependence of R ΔR   is observed for all three jet radii with R ΔR   found to be lower in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The ratios formed by the R ΔR   values in different centrality bins and the values in the 40-80 % centrality bin are presented
Measurement of the Bs0 → φφ branching fraction and search for the decay B0 → φφ

Using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, the Bs 0 → ϕϕ branching fraction is measured to be (formula presented.)where fs/fd represents the ratio of the Bs 0to B0 production cross-sections, and the B0 → ϕK*(892)0 decay mode is used for normalization. This is the most precise measurement of this branching fraction to date, representing a factor five reduction in the statistical uncertainty compared with the previous best measurement. A search for the decay B0 → ϕϕ is also made. No signal is observed, and an upper limit on the branching fraction is set as(formula presented.)at 90% confidence level. This is a factor of seven improvement compared to the previous best limit
Legal institutionalism :
                    Capitalism and the constitutive role of law

This is an Open Access article available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. You may copy and distribute the article, create extracts, abstracts and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, text or data mine the article and otherwise reuse the article commercially (including reuse and/or resale of the article) without permission from Elsevier. You must give appropriate credit to the original work, together with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI and a link to the Creative Commons user license above. You must indicate if any changes are made but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use of the work. ?? 2016 Association for Comparative Economic Studies. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Open Access funded by Economic and Social Research Council.Social scientists have paid insufficient attention to the role of law in constituting the economic institutions of capitalism. Part of this neglect emanates for inadequate conceptions of the nature of law itself. Spontaneous conceptions of law and property rights that downplay the role of the state are criticized here, because they typically assume relatively small numbers of agents and underplay the complexity and uncertainty in developed capitalist systems. In developed capitalist economies, law is sustained through interaction between private agents, courts and the legislative apparatus. Law is also a key institution for overcoming contracting uncertainties. It is furthermore a part of the power structure of society, and a major means by which power is exercised. This argument is illustrated by considering institutions such as property and the firm. Complex systems of law have played a crucial role in capitalist development and are also vital for developing economies
Composite (pseudo) scalar contributions to muon g−2

AbstractWe have calculated the composite (pseudo) scalar contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of muons in models of walking technicolor. By the axial or scale anomaly the light scalars such as techni-dilaton, techni-pions or techni-eta have anomalous couplings to two-photons, which make them natural candidates for the recent 750 GeV resonance excess, observed at LHC. Due to the anomalous couplings, their contributions to muon (g−2) are less suppressed and might explain the current deviation in muon (g−2) measurements from theory
Importance sampling variance reduction for the Fokker–Planck rarefied gas particle method

AbstractThe Fokker–Planck approximation to the Boltzmann equation, solved numerically by stochastic particle schemes, is used to provide estimates for rarefied gas flows. This paper presents a variance reduction technique for a stochastic particle method that is able to greatly reduce the uncertainty of the estimated flow fields when the characteristic speed of the flow is small in comparison to the thermal velocity of the gas. The method relies on importance sampling, requiring minimal changes to the basic stochastic particle scheme. We test the importance sampling scheme on a homogeneous relaxation, planar Couette flow and a lid-driven-cavity flow, and find that our method is able to greatly reduce the noise of estimated quantities. Significantly, we find that as the characteristic speed of the flow decreases, the variance of the noisy estimators becomes independent of the characteristic speed
Dendritic Spikes Induce Ripples in Parvalbumin Interneurons during Hippocampal Sharp Waves

SummarySharp-wave ripples are transient oscillatory events in the hippocampus that are associated with the reactivation of neuronal ensembles within specific circuits during memory formation. Fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (FS-PV INs) are thought to provide fast integration in these oscillatory circuits by suppressing regenerative activity in their dendrites. Here, using fast 3D two-photon imaging and a caged glutamate, we challenge this classical view by demonstrating that FS-PV IN dendrites can generate propagating Ca2+ spikes during sharp-wave ripples. The spikes originate from dendritic hot spots and are mediated dominantly by L-type Ca2+ channels. Notably, Ca2+ spikes were associated with intrinsically generated membrane potential oscillations. These oscillations required the activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels, had the same frequency as the field potential oscillations associated with sharp-wave ripples, and controlled the phase of action potentials. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the smallest functional unit that can generate ripple-frequency oscillations is a segment of a dendrite
Study of the quasi-free np→npπ+π− reaction with a deuterium beam at 1.25 GeV/nucleon

AbstractThe tagged quasi-free np→npπ+π− reaction has been studied experimentally with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI at a deuteron incident beam energy of 1.25 GeV/nucleon (s∼2.42 GeV/c for the quasi-free collision). For the first time, differential distributions of solid statistics for π+π− production in np collisions have been collected in the region corresponding to the large transverse momenta of the secondary particles. The invariant mass and angular distributions for the np→npπ+π− reaction are compared with different models. This comparison confirms the dominance of the t-channel with ΔΔ contribution. It also validates the changes previously introduced in the Valencia model to describe two-pion production data in other isospin channels, although some deviations are observed, especially for the π+π− invariant mass spectrum. The extracted total cross section is also in much better agreement with this model. Our new measurement puts useful constraints for the existence of the conjectured dibaryon resonance at mass M∼2.38 GeV and with width Γ∼70 MeV
Diffractive photoproduction of J/ψ mesons with large momentum transfer at HERA

AbstractThe diffractive photoproduction of J/ψ mesons is measured with the H1 detector at the ep collider HERA using an integrated luminosity of 78 pb−1. The differential cross section dσ(γp→J/ψY)/dt is studied in the range 2<|t|<30 GeV2, where t is the square of the four-momentum transferred at the proton vertex. The cross section is also presented as a function of the photon–proton centre-of-mass energy Wγp in three t intervals, spanning the range 50<Wγp<200 GeV. A fast rise of the cross section with Wγp is observed for each t range and the slope for the effective linear Pomeron trajectory is measured to be α′=−0.0135±0.0074(stat.)±0.0051(syst.) GeV−2. The measurements are compared with perturbative QCD models based on BFKL and DGLAP evolution. The data are found to be compatible with s-channel helicity conservation
A role for CaV1 and calcineurin signaling in depolarization-induced changes in neuronal DNA methylation

AbstractDirect manipulations of neuronal activity have been shown to induce changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), although little is known about the cellular signaling pathways involved. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we identify DNAm changes associated with moderate chronic depolarization in dissociated rat hippocampal cultures. Consistent with previous findings, these changes occurred primarily in the vicinity of loci implicated in neuronal function, being enriched in intergenic regions and underrepresented in CpG-rich promoter regulatory regions. We subsequently used 2 pharmacological interventions (nifedipine and FK-506) to test whether the identified changes depended on 2 interrelated signaling pathways known to mediate multiple forms of neuronal plasticity. Both pharmacological manipulations had notable effects on the extent and magnitude of depolarization-induced DNAm changes indicating that a high proportion of activity-induced changes are likely to be mediated by calcium entry through L-type CaV1 channels and/or downstream signaling via the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin
Statistical normalization techniques for magnetic resonance imaging

AbstractWhile computed tomography and other imaging techniques are measured in absolute units with physical meaning, magnetic resonance images are expressed in arbitrary units that are difficult to interpret and differ between study visits and subjects. Much work in the image processing literature on intensity normalization has focused on histogram matching and other histogram mapping techniques, with little emphasis on normalizing images to have biologically interpretable units. Furthermore, there are no formalized principles or goals for the crucial comparability of image intensities within and across subjects. To address this, we propose a set of criteria necessary for the normalization of images. We further propose simple and robust biologically motivated normalization techniques for multisequence brain imaging that have the same interpretation across acquisitions and satisfy the proposed criteria. We compare the performance of different normalization methods in thousands of images of patients with Alzheimer's disease, hundreds of patients with multiple sclerosis, and hundreds of healthy subjects obtained in several different studies at dozens of imaging centers
Parameter fitting in three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with various regularizations

AbstractWe study the three-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with various regularization procedures. We perform parameter fitting in each regularization and apply the obtained parameter sets to evaluate various physical quantities, several light meson masses, decay constant and the topological susceptibility. The model parameters are adopted even at very high cutoff scale compare to the hadronic scale to study the asymptotic behavior of the model. It is found that all the regularization methods except for the dimensional one actually lead reliable physical predictions for the kaon decay constant, sigma meson mass and topological susceptibility without restricting the ultra-violet cutoff below the hadronic scale
Mammalian Prion Biology One Century of Evolving Concepts

AbstractPrions have been responsible for an entire century of tragic episodes. Fifty years ago, kuru decimated the population of Papua New Guinea. Then, iatrogenic transmission of prions caused more than 250 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. More recently, transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans caused a widespread health scare. On the other hand, the biology of prions represents a fascinating and poorly understood phenomenon, which may account for more than just diseases and may represent a fundamental mechanism of crosstalk between proteins. The two decades since Stanley Prusiner's formulation of the protein-only hypothesis have witnessed spectacular advances, and yet some of the most basic questions in prion science have remained unanswered
Investigation on the Influence of Basalt Fiber on Thermal properties of Al7075/ Basalt Fiber Metal Matrix Composites

AbstractThis paper reports a study of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of Al7075/basalt short fiber Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) as a function of temperature and reinforcement. The percentage of reinforcement was varied from 2.5 to 10wt. % in steps of 2.5% and the composites were prepared by the liquid metallurgy technique. Using Thermal Mechanical Analyzer (TMA) model DuPont 943 equipment, the changes in the linear dimension as a function of temperature is recorded as Percent Linear Change (PLC). The temperature of the tests ranged from 50°C to 300°C in the steps of 5°C both in the heating and cooling cycles. The results show that the CTE significantly increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing basalt fiber. These phenomena are explained
Social welfare matters: A realist review of when, how, and why unemployment insurance impacts poverty and health

AbstractThe recent global recession and concurrent rise in job loss makes unemployment insurance (UI) increasingly important to smooth patterns of consumption and keep households from experiencing extreme material poverty. In this paper, we undertake a realist review to produce a critical understanding of how and why UI policies impact on poverty and health in different welfare state contexts between 2000 and 2013. We relied on literature and expert interviews to generate an initial theory and set of propositions about how UI might alleviate poverty and mental distress. We then systematically located and synthesized peer-review studies to glean supportive or contradictory evidence for our initial propositions. Poverty and psychological distress, among unemployed and even the employed, are impacted by generosity of UI in terms of eligibility, duration and wage replacement levels. Though unemployment benefits are not intended to compensate fully for a loss of earnings, generous UI programs can moderate harmful consequences of unemployment
Implications of a light radion on the RG evolution of Higgs self coupling in the Randall–Sundrum model

AbstractIn this Letter we determine how the beta function of the Higgs self coupling λ at one loop order is modified by a light stabilized radion in the Randall–Sundrum model. We then use the modified beta function to derive a lower bound on the radion vev 〈φ〉, both for perturbative and non-perturbative values of λ at the ultra violet cut off Λ. The lower bound on 〈φ〉 is obtained by demanding that the renormalized coupling λ(μ) at μ=114 GeV be consistent with the present experimental bound of 114 GeV on the Higgs mass from LEPII searches. We also show that important bounds on 〈φ〉 can be derived from the sign of β(λ) in the infrared regime