pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Equivalent Young's Modulus of the Spiral Accumulating Motor Core Including Many Slits and Embossing Interlockings

AbstractThe motor core is usually manufactured from magnetic steel sheet with press machine. However, usually most parts of the plate are scalped, and only small percent of the sheet is used for the core. The spiral accumulating core system is suitable for manufacturing the core more ecologically because in this system more than 50% of the magnetic steel sheet can be used. However, since the spiral accumulating core has many slits and embossing interlockings, the equivalent Young's modulus is not known. In this study, therefore, the equivalent Young's modulus of the spiral accumulating core is considered in order to find out a good method to fix the core. Here, the finite element method is applied to analyze the permanent magnet motor core, whose layers and slits are periodically arranged. Then, the effects of slits, layers and embossing interlockings on equivalent Young's modulus are discussed. It is found that around the slits the core layer should be considered to have zero elastic modulus because no tangential stress exists. Finally, a convenient method of calculation based on rule of mixture is newly proposed to estimate the equivalent Young's modulus efficiently
Measurement of the inelastic proton–proton cross section at s=7 TeV

AbstractA measurement is presented of the inelastic proton–proton cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV. Using the CMS detector at the LHC, the inelastic cross section is measured through two independent methods based on information from (i) forward calorimetry (for pseudorapidity 3<|η|<5), in collisions where at least one proton loses more than 5×10−6 of its longitudinal momentum, and (ii) the central tracker (|η|<2.4), in collisions containing an interaction vertex with more than one, two, or three tracks with transverse momenta pT>200 MeV/c. The measurements cover a large fraction of the inelastic cross section for particle production over about nine units of pseudorapidity and down to small transverse momenta. The results are compared with those of other experiments, and with models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions
On elliptic Calogero–Moser systems for complex crystallographic reflection groups

AbstractTo every irreducible finite crystallographic reflection group (i.e., an irreducible finite reflection group G acting faithfully on an abelian variety X), we attach a family of classical and quantum integrable systems on X (with meromorphic coefficients). These families are parametrized by G-invariant functions of pairs (T,s), where T is a hypertorus in X (of codimension 1), and s∈G is a reflection acting trivially on T. If G is a real reflection group, these families reduce to the known generalizations of elliptic Calogero–Moser systems, but in the non-real case they appear to be new. We give two constructions of the integrals of these systems – an explicit construction as limits of classical Calogero–Moser Hamiltonians of elliptic Dunkl operators as the dynamical parameter goes to 0 (implementing an idea of V. Buchstaber, G. Felder and A. Veselov (1994) [BFV]), and a geometric construction as global sections of sheaves of elliptic Cherednik algebras for the critical value of the twisting parameter. We also prove algebraic integrability of these systems for values of parameters satisfying certain integrality conditions
Pulse radiolysis studies on superoxide reductase from Treponema pallidum

AbstractSuperoxide reductases (SORs) are small metalloenzymes, which catalyze reduction of O2− to H2O2. The reaction of the enzyme from Treponema pallidum with superoxide was studied by pulse radiolysis methods. The first step is an extremely fast bi-molecular reaction of the ferrous center with O2−, with a rate constant of 6×108 M−1 s−1. A first intermediate is formed which is converted to a second one with a slower rate constant of 4800 s−1. This latter value is 10 times higher than the corresponding one previously reported in the case of SOR from Desulfoarculus baarsii. The reconstituted spectra for the two intermediates are consistent with formation of transient iron-peroxide species
A new coupling potential for the analysis of deformed light heavy-ion reactions

AbstractA number of serious problems has continued to plague the study of the 16O+28Si, 12C+24Mg and 12C+12C systems for the last 40 years. The explanation of anomalous large angle scattering data; the reproduction of the oscillatory structure near the Coulomb barrier; the out-of-phase problem between theoretical predictions and experimental data; the consistent description of angular distributions together with resonance and excitation functions data are just some of these problems. These are long standing problems that have persisted over the years and do represent a challenge calling for a consistent framework to resolve these difficulties within a unified approach. Traditional frameworks have failed to describe these phenomena within a single model and have so far only offered different approaches where these difficulties are investigated separately from one another. The present work offers a plausible framework where all these difficulties are answered. Not only it improves the simultaneous fits to the data of these diverse observables, achieving this within a unified approach for a number of nuclear systems over wide energy ranges, but it departs for its coupling potential from the standard formulation. This new feature could provide new insight in the dynamics of these reactions. It also leads to new predictions especially concerning resonance phenomena in these systems which could form the basis for some new experimental investigation
A classification of smooth embeddings of 4-manifolds in 7-space, I

AbstractWe work in the smooth category. Let N be a closed connected n-manifold and assume that m>n+2. Denote by Em(N) the set of embeddings N→Rm up to isotopy. The group Em(Sn) acts on Em(N) by embedded connected summation of a manifold and a sphere. If Em(Sn) is non-zero (which often happens for 2m<3n+4) then until recently no complete readily calculable description of Em(N) or of this action were known (as far as I know). Our main results are examples of the triviality and the effectiveness of this action, and a complete readily calculable isotopy classification of embeddings into R7 for certain 4-manifolds N. The proofs use new approach based on the Kreck modified surgery theory and the construction of a new invariant. Corollary(a) There is a unique embedding f:CP2→R7 up to isoposition (i.e. for each two embeddings f,f′:CP2→R7 there is a diffeomorphism h:R7→R7 such that f′=h○f).(b) For each embedding f:CP2→R7 and each non-trivial embedding g:S4→R7 the embedding f#g is isotopic to f
Improved Epstein–Glaser renormalization in x-space versus differential renormalization

AbstractRenormalization of massless Feynman amplitudes in x-space is reexamined here, using almost exclusively real-variable methods. We compute a wealth of concrete examples by means of recursive extension of distributions. This allows us to show perturbative expansions for the four-point and two-point functions at several loop order. To deal with internal vertices, we expound and expand on convolution theory for log-homogeneous distributions. The approach has much in common with differential renormalization as given by Freedman, Johnson and Latorre; but differs in important details
May Testing, Non-interference, and Compositionality

AbstractThis paper uses CSP to introduce a characterisation of noninterference in terms of the deductions that may be made about high level processes by low level tests. May testing yields classic noninference, and has a concise formulation in CSP. It is preserved by a wider range of composition operators than are normally considered in the context of non-interference, and thus also composes under the operators traditionally studied with non-interference. The CSP characterisation of may noninterference also permits some attractive and simple Compositionality proofs.This work has benefitted from discussions with Peter Ryan, and from the careful reading and comments of the anonymous referees. The work has also received financial support from DERA
SU(Nc) gauge theories at deconfinement

AbstractThe deconfinement transition in SU(Nc) Yang–Mills is investigated by Monte Carlo simulations of the gauge theory discretized on a spacetime lattice. We present new results for 4⩽Nc⩽8 (in particular, for Nc=5 and Nc=7), which are analysed together with previously published results. The increased amount of data, the improved statistics and simulations closer to the continuum limit provide us with better control over systematic errors. After performing the thermodynamic limit, numerical results for the ratio of the critical temperature Tc over the square root of the string tension σ obtained on lattices with temporal extensions Nt=5,6,7,8 are extrapolated to the continuum limit. The continuum results at fixed Nc are then extrapolated to Nc=∞. We find that our data are accurately described by the formula Tc/σ=0.5949(17)+0.458(18)/Nc2. Possible systematic errors affecting our calculations are also discussed
Twist-3 fragmentation effects for ALT in light hadron production from proton–proton collisions

AbstractWe compute the contribution from the twist-3 fragmentation function for light hadron production in collisions between transversely and longitudinally polarized protons, i.e., p↑p→→hX, which can cause a double-spin asymmetry (DSA) ALT. This is a naïve T-even twist-3 observable that we analyze in collinear factorization using both Feynman gauge and lightcone gauge as well as give a general proof of color gauge invariance. So far only twist-3 effects in the transversely polarized proton have been studied for ALT in p↑p→→hX. However, there are indications that the naïve T-odd transverse single-spin asymmetry (SSA) AN in p↑p→hX is dominated not by such distribution effects but rather by a fragmentation mechanism. Therefore, one may expect similarly that the fragmentation contribution is important for ALT. Given possible plans at RHIC to measure this observable, it is timely to provide a calculation of this term
Higgs boson production and decay at e+e− colliders as a probe of the Left–Right twin Higgs model

AbstractIn the framework of the Left–Right twin Higgs (LRTH) model, we consider the constrains from the latest search for high-mass dilepton resonances at the LHC and find that the heavy neutral boson ZH is excluded with mass below 2.76 TeV. Under these constrains, we study the Higgs–Gauge coupling production processes e+e−→ZH, e+e−→νeνe¯H and e+e−→e+e−H, top quark Yukawa coupling production process e+e−→tt¯H, Higgs self-couplings production processes e+e−→ZHH and e+e−→νeνe¯HH at e+e− colliders. Besides, we study the major decay modes of the Higgs boson, namely h→ff¯(f=b,c,τ), VV⁎(V=W,Z), gg, γγ. We find that the LRTH effects are sizable so that the Higgs boson processes at e+e− collider can be a sensitive probe for the LRTH model
Elevated expression levels of miR-143/5 in saphenous vein smooth muscle cells from patients with Type 2 diabetes drive persistent changes in phenotype and function

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2DM) promotes premature atherosclerosis and inferior prognosis after arterial reconstruction. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) respond to patho/physiological stimuli, switching between quiescent contractile and activated synthetic phenotypes under the control of microRNAs (miRs) that regulate multiple genes critical to SMC plasticity. The importance of miRs to SMC function specifically in T2DM is unknown. This study was performed to evaluate phenotype and function in SMC cultured from non-diabetic and T2DM patients, to explore any aberrancies and investigate underlying mechanisms. Saphenous vein SMC cultured from T2DM patients (T2DM-SMC) exhibited increased spread cell area, disorganised cytoskeleton and impaired proliferation relative to cells from non-diabetic patients (ND-SMC), accompanied by a persistent, selective up-regulation of miR-143 and miR-145. Transfection of premiR-143/145 into ND-SMC induced morphological and functional characteristics similar to native T2DM-SMC; modulating miR-143/145 targets Kruppel-like factor 4, alpha smooth muscle actin and myosin VI. Conversely, transfection of antimiR-143/145 into T2DM-SMC conferred characteristics of the ND phenotype. Exposure of ND-SMC to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induced a diabetes-like phenotype; elevated miR-143/145, increased cell area and reduced proliferation. Furthermore, these effects were dependent on miR-143/145. In conclusion, aberrant expression of miR-143/145 induces a distinct saphenous vein SMC phenotype that may contribute to vascular complications in patients with T2DM, and is potentially amenable to therapeutic manipulation
Decrypting SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis

AbstractEncouraged by the recent results from neutrino oscillation experiments, we perform an analytical study of SO(10)-inspired models and leptogenesis with hierarchical right-handed (RH) neutrino spectrum. Under the approximation of negligible misalignment between the neutrino Yukawa basis and the charged lepton basis, we find an analytical expression for the final asymmetry directly in terms of the low energy neutrino parameters that fully reproduces previous numerical results. This expression also shows that it is possible to identify an effective leptogenesis phase for these models. When we also impose the wash-out of a large pre-existing asymmetry NB−Lp,i, the strong thermal (ST) condition, we derive analytically all those constraints on the low energy neutrino parameters that characterise the ST-SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis solution, confirming previous numerical results. In particular we show why, though neutrino masses have to be necessarily normally ordered, the solution implies an analytical lower bound on the effective neutrino-less double beta decay neutrino mass, mee≳8 meV, for NB−Lp,i=10−3, testable with next generation experiments. This, in combination with an upper bound on the atmospheric mixing angle, necessarily in the first octant, forces the lightest neutrino mass within a narrow range m1≃(10–30) meV (corresponding to ∑imi≃(75–125) meV). We also show why the solution could correctly predict a non-vanishing reactor neutrino mixing angle and requires the Dirac phase to be in the fourth quadrant, implying sin⁡δ (and JCP) negative as hinted by current global analyses. Many of the analytical results presented (expressions for the orthogonal matrix, RH neutrino mixing matrix, masses and phases) can have applications beyond leptogenesis
Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractMeasurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb−1, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter system over the pseudorapidity interval |η|<2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38<pT<210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R=0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet “central-to-peripheral ratio,” RCP. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. RCP varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC
How Cells Tune Viral Mechanics—Insights from Biophysical Measurements of Influenza Virus

AbstractDuring replication, the physical state of a virus is controlled by assembly and disassembly processes, when particles are put together and dismantled by cellular cues, respectively. A fundamental question has been how a cell can assemble an infectious virus, and dismantle a virus entering an uninfected cell and thereby trigger a new round of infection. This apparent paradox might be explained by considering that infected and uninfected cells are functionally different, or that assembly and disassembly take place along different cellular pathways. A third possibility is that the physical properties of newly assembled viruses are different from the infection-ready viruses. Recent biophysical experiments measured the stiffness of single Influenza viruses and combined this with biochemical measurements and cell biological assays. Besides inducing the fusogenic state of hemagglutinin, low pH cues softened the virus and precluded aggregation of viral ribonucleoprotein particles with the matrix protein M1. The recent experiments suggest a two-step model for Influenza virus entry and uncoating involving low pH in early and late endosomes, respectively. I conclude with a short outlook into how combined biophysical and cell biological approaches might lead to the identification of new cellular cues controlling viral uncoating and infection
Complex hyperbolic Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates

AbstractLet Σ be a closed, orientable surface of genus g. It is known that the SU(2,1) representation variety of π1(Σ) has 2g−3 components of (real) dimension 16g−16 and two components of dimension 8g−6. Of special interest are the totally loxodromic, faithful (that is quasi-Fuchsian) representations. In this paper we give global real analytic coordinates on a subset of the representation variety that contains the quasi-Fuchsian representations. These coordinates are a natural generalisation of Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates on the Teichmüller space of Σ and complex Fenchel–Nielsen coordinates on the (classical) quasi-Fuchsian space of Σ
D¯Σc⁎ and D¯⁎Σc interactions and the LHCb hidden-charmed pentaquarks

AbstractVery recently, two hidden-charmed resonances Pc(4380) and Pc(4450) consistent with pentaquark states were observed at the LHCb detector. The two Pc states locate just below the D¯Σc⁎ and D¯⁎Σc thresholds with mass of gaps about 5 and 15 MeV, respectively. Inspired by this fact we perform a dynamical investigation about the D¯Σc⁎(2520) and D¯⁎Σc(2455) interactions which are described by the meson exchanges. A bound state which carries spin-parity JP=3/2− is produced from the D¯Σc⁎(2520) interaction, which is consistent with the Pc(4380) observed at the LHCb detector. From the D⁎Σc(2455) interaction, a bound state with 5/2+ is produced, which can be related to the Pc(4450). The results suggest that the Pc(4380) and Pc(4450) are good candidates of D¯Σc⁎(2520) and D¯⁎Σc(2455) molecular states, respectively
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production cross section in
  proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

The cross section of a top-quark pair produced in association with a photon
is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}
= 8$ TeV with $20.2$ fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the
Large Hadron Collider in 2012. The measurement is performed by selecting events
that contain a photon with transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T} > 15$ GeV, an
isolated lepton with large transverse momentum, large missing transverse
momentum, and at least four jets, where at least one is identified as
originating from a $b$-quark. The production cross section is measured in a
fiducial region close to the selection requirements. It is found to be $139 \pm
7 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 17 (\mathrm{syst.})$ fb, in good agreement with the
theoretical prediction at next-to-leading order of $151 \pm 24$ fb. In
addition, differential cross sections in the fiducial region are measured as a
function of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the photon.Comment: 41 pages in total, author list starting page 25, 4 figures, 3 tables,
  submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-21
A global spectral library to characterize the world's soil

Soil provides ecosystemservices, supports human health and habitation, stores carbon and regulatesemissions of greenhouse gases. Unprecedented pressures on soil from degradation and urbanization are threatening agroecological balances and food security. It is important that we learn more about soil to sustainably manage and preserve it for future generations. To this end, we developed and analyzed a global soil visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectral library. It is currently the largest and most diverse database of its kind. We show that the information encoded in the spectra can describe soil composition and be associated to land cover and its global geographic distribution, which acts as a surrogate for global climate variability. We also show the usefulness of the global spectra for predicting soil attributes such as soil organic and inorganic carbon, clay, silt, sand and iron contents, cation exchange capacity, and pH. Usingwavelets to treat the spectra, whichwere recorded in different laboratories using different spectrometers and methods, helped to improve the spectroscopic modelling. We found that modelling a diverse set of spectra with a machine learning algorithm can find the local relationships in the data to produce accurate predictions of soil properties. The spectroscopic models that we derived are parsimonious and robust, and using them we derived a harmonized global soil attribute dataset, which might serve to facilitate research on soil at the global scale. This spectroscopic approach should help to deal with the shortage of data on soil to better understand it and to meet the growing demand for information to assess andmonitor soil at scales ranging fromregional to global.New contributions to the library are encouraged so that this work and our collaboration might progress to develop a dynamic and easily updatable database with better global coverage. We hope that this work will reinvigorate our community's discussion towards larger, more coordinated collaborations. We also hope that use of the database will deepen our understanding of soil so that we might sustainably manage it and extend the research outcomes of the soil, earth and environmental sciences towards applications that we have not yet dreamed of
Search for new resonances decaying to a W or Z   boson and a Higgs boson in the ℓ+ℓ−bb¯, ℓνbb¯, and νν¯bb¯ channels with pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for new resonances decaying to a W or Z   boson and a Higgs boson in the View the MathML sourceℓ+ℓ−bb¯, View the MathML sourceℓνbb¯, and View the MathML sourceνν¯bb¯ channels in pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The search is conducted by looking for a localized excess in the WH/ZHWH/ZH invariant or transverse mass distribution. No significant excess is observed, and the results are interpreted in terms of constraints on a simplified model based on a phenomenological Lagrangian of heavy vector triplets