pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of exclusive $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-$
  production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV with the ATLAS
  detector

This Letter reports a measurement of the exclusive $\gamma\gamma\rightarrow
\ell^+\ell^- (\ell=e, \mu)$ cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, based on an
integrated luminosity of $4.6$ fb$^{-1}$. For the electron or muon pairs
satisfying exclusive selection criteria, a fit to the dilepton acoplanarity
distribution is used to extract the fiducial cross-sections. The cross-section
in the electron channel is determined to be $\sigma_{\gamma\gamma\rightarrow
e^+e^-}^{\mathrm{excl.}} = 0.428 \pm 0.035 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.018
(\mathrm{syst.})$ pb for a phase-space region with invariant mass of the
electron pairs greater than 24 GeV, in which both electrons have transverse
momentum $p_\mathrm{T}>12$ GeV and pseudorapidity $|\eta|<2.4$. For muon pairs
with invariant mass greater than 20 GeV, muon transverse momentum
$p_\mathrm{T}>10$ GeV and pseudorapidity $|\eta|<2.4$, the cross-section is
determined to be $\sigma_{\gamma\gamma\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^- }^{\mathrm{excl.}}
= 0.628 \pm 0.032 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.021 (\mathrm{syst.})$ pb. When proton
absorptive effects due to the finite size of the proton are taken into account
in the theory calculation, the measured cross-sections are found to be
consistent with the theory prediction.Comment: 12 pages + references + author list + cover pages (34 pages total), 4
  figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including
  auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2014-13
All-loop anomalous dimensions in integrable $\lambda$-deformed
  $\sigma$-models

We calculate the all-loop anomalous dimensions of current operators in
$\lambda$-deformed $\sigma$-models. For the isotropic integrable deformation
and for a semi-simple group $G$ we compute the anomalous dimensions using two
different methods. In the first we use the all-loop effective action and in the
second we employ perturbation theory along with the Callan-Symanzik equation
and in conjunction with a duality-type symmetry shared by these models.
Furthermore, using CFT techniques we compute the all-loop anomalous dimensions
of bilinear currents for the isotropic deformation case and a general $G$.
Finally we work out the cases of anisotropic $SU(2)$ and the two coupling,
corresponding to the symmetric coset $G/H$ and a subgroup $H$, splitting of a
group $G$.Comment: 1+26 pages, Latex; v2: minor corrections; v3: few minor changes, NPB
  version; v4: clarifications in section 2.
CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey : II. First public data release

V.W. acknowledges support from a European Research Council starting grant and a Marie Curie reintegration grant.We present the first public data release (DR1) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. It consists of science-grade optical datacubes for the first 100 of eventually 600 nearby (0.005 < z < 0.03) galaxies, obtained with the  integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. The galaxies in DR1 already cover a wide range of properties in color–magnitude space, morphological type, stellar mass, and gas ionization conditions. This offers the potential to tackle a variety of open questions in galaxy evolution using spatially resolved spectroscopy. Two different spectral setups are available for each galaxy, (i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the nominal wavelength range 3745–7500 Å with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM), and (ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the nominal wavelength range 3650–4840 Å with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM). We present the characteristics and data structure of the CALIFA datasets that should be taken into account for scientific exploitation of the data, in particular the effects of vignetting, bad pixels and spatially correlated noise. The data quality test for all 100 galaxies showed that we reach a median limiting continuum sensitivity of 1.0 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 Å-1 arcsec-2 at 5635 Å and 2.2 × 10-18 erg s-1 cm-2 Å-1 arcsec-2 at 4500 Å for the V500 and V1200 setup respectively, which corresponds to limiting r and g band surface brightnesses of 23.6 mag arcsec-2 and 23.4 mag arcsec-2, or an unresolved emission-line flux detection limit of roughly 1 × 10-17 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 and 0.6 × 10-17 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2, respectively. The median spatial resolution is 37, and the absolute spectrophotometric calibration is better than 15% (1σ). We also describe the available interfaces and tools that allow easy access to this first public CALIFA data at http://califa.caha.es/DR1.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXIX. HD175607 the most metal-poor G dwarf with an orbiting sub-Neptune

The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007−2013) under grant agreement number 313014 (ETAEARTH). JPF acknowledges support from FCT through grant reference SFRH/BD/93848/2013. This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grant UID/FIS/04434/2013. P.F., N.C.S., and S.G.S. also acknowledge the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts of reference IF/01037/2013, IF/00169/2012, and IF/00028/2014, respectively, and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the programme “Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade − COMPETE”. This work results within the collaboration of the COST Action TD 1308. A.S. is supported by the European Union under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development with reference FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, number 627202.Context. The presence of a small-mass planet (Mp < 0.1 MJup) seems, to date, not to depend on metallicity, however, theoretical simulations have shown that stars with subsolar metallicities may be favoured for harbouring smaller planets. A large, dedicated survey of metal-poor stars with the HARPS spectrograph has thus been carried out to search for Neptunes and super-Earths. Aims. In this paper, we present the analysis of HD 175607, an old G6 star with metallicity [Fe/H] =−0.62. We gathered 119 radial velocity measurements in 110 nights over a time span of more than nine years. Methods. The radial velocities were analysed using Lomb-Scargle periodograms, a genetic algorithm, a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis, and a Gaussian processes analysis. The spectra were also used to derive stellar properties. Several activity indicators were analysed to study the effect of stellar activity on the radial velocities. Results. We find evidence for the presence of a small Neptune-mass planet (Mpsini = 8.98 ± 1.10 M⊕) orbiting this star with an orbital period P = 29.01 ± 0.02  days in a slightly eccentric orbit (e = 0.11 ± 0.08). The period of this Neptune is close to the estimated rotational period of the star. However, from a detailed analysis of the radial velocities together with the stellar activity, we conclude that the best explanation of the signal is indeed the presence of a planetary companion rather than stellar related. An additional longer period signal (P ~ 1400 d) is present in the data, for which more measurements are needed to constrain its nature and its properties. Conclusions. HD 175607 is the most metal-poor FGK dwarf with a detected low-mass planet amongst the currently known planet hosts. This discovery may thus have important consequences for planet formation and evolution theories.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Gravitino dark matter and the flavour structure of R-violating operators

We study gravitino dark matter and slow gravitino decays within the framework of R-violating supersymmetry, with particular emphasis on the flavour dependence of the branching ratios and the allowed R-violating couplings. The dominant decay modes and final state products turn out to be very sensitive to the R-violating hierarchies. Mixing effects can be crucial in correctly deriving the relative magnitude of the various contributions, particularly for heavy flavours with phase space suppression. The study of the strength of different decay rates for the gravitino is also correlated to collider signatures expected from decays of the Next-to-Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (NLSP) and to single superparticle production
Optical photometry of the UCM lists I and II - I. The data

We present Johnson B CCD photometry for the whole sample of galaxies of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) Survey Lists I and II. They constitute a well-defined and complete sample of galaxies in the Local Universe with active star formation. The data refer to 191 SO to Irr galaxies at an averaged redshift of 0.027, and complement the already published Gunn r, J and K photometries. In this paper the observational and reduction features are discussed in detail, and the new colour information is combined to search for clues on thee properties of the galaxies, mainly by comparing our sample with other surveys
Measurement of the W boson helicity in events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$

A measurement of the W boson helicity is presented, where the W boson originates from the decay of a top quark produced in pp collisions. The event selection, optimized for reconstructing a single top quark in the final state, requires exactly one isolated lepton (muon or electron) and exactly two jets, one of which is likely to originate from the hadronization of a bottom quark. The analysis is performed using data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2012. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$. The measured helicity fractions are F$_L$ = 0.298 ± 0.028 (stat) ± 0.032(syst), F$_0$ = 0.720 ± 0.039 (stat) ± 0.037(syst), and F$_R$ = −0.018 ± 0.019 (stat) ± 0.011(syst). These results are used to set limits on the real part of the tWb anomalous couplings, g$_L$ and g$_R$
Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p–Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN)=5.02 TeV

Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5&lt;pT, assoc&lt;pT, trig&lt;4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and pT bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or pT. These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge
Measurement of the Z gamma production cross section in pp collisions at 8 TeV and search for anomalous triple gauge boson couplings

The cross section for the production of Z gamma in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV is measured based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. Events with an oppositely-charged pair of muons or electrons together with an isolated photon are selected. The differential cross section as a function of the photon transverse momentum is measured inclusively and exclusively, where the exclusive selection applies a veto on central jets. The observed cross sections are compatible with the expectations of next-to-next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics. Limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings of Z Z gamma and Z gamma gamma are set that improve on previous experimental results obtained with the charged lepton decay modes of the Z boson
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in the lepton + jets channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for standard model (SM) production of four top quarks (t t-bar t t-bar) in pp collisions in the lepton + jets channel. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The expected cross section for SM four top quark production is approximately 1 fb. A combination of kinematic reconstruction and multivariate techniques is used to distinguish between the small signal and large background. The data are consistent with expectations of the SM, and an upper limit of 32 fb is set at a 95% confidence level on the cross section for producing four top quarks in the SM, where a limit of 32 +/- 17 fb is expected
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state

A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks t ∗ t ¯ ∗ , each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb(−1), show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t(*) quark in an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2 excited top quark performed at the LHC
Hybrid effects in thin ply carbon/glass unidirectional laminates: accurate experimental determination and prediction

Experimental results are presented which allow the hybrid effect to be evaluated accurately for thin ply carbon/epoxy-glass/epoxy interlayer hybrid composites. It is shown that there is an enhancement in strain at failure of up to 20% for very thin plies, but no significant effect for thicker plies. Hybrid specimens with thick carbon plies can therefore be used to measure the reference carbon/epoxy failure strain. The latter is significantly higher than the strain from all-carbon specimens in which there is an effect due to stress concentrations at the load introduction. Models are presented which illustrate the mechanisms responsible for the hybrid effect due to the constraint on failure at both the fibre and ply level. These results give a good understanding of how variability in the carbon fibre strengths can translate into hybrid effects in composite laminates.status: publishe
Super-Liouville — double Liouville correspondence

The AGT motivated relation between the tensor product of the $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 super-Liouville field theory with the imaginary free fermion (SL) and a certain projected tensor product of the real and the imaginary Liouville field theories (LL) is analyzed. Using conformal field theory techniques we give a complete proof of the equivalence in the NS sector. It is shown that the SL-LL correspondence is based on the equivalence of chiral objects including suitably chosen chiral structure constants of all the three Liouville theories involved
Precision measurements of A1n in the deep inelastic regime

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized 3 He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277≤x≤0.548 at an average Q2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c) 2 , doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. Our data are consistent with a previous observation of an A1n zero crossing near x=0.5 . We find no evidence of a transition to a positive slope in (Δd+Δd¯)/(d+d¯) up to x=0.548
Explaining the lepton non-universality at the LHCb and CMS within a unified framework

The recent results from the LHCb in the context of ( B + → K + ll ) decay and the CMS analysis in the context of right handed W -boson ( W R ) search show a 2 . 6 σ and a 2 . 8 σ deviations from the Standard Model expectations respectively. In this work, we address these two seemingly uncorrelated results in the context of ℛ $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$ -parity violating supersymmetry. We found that a particular combination of LQD c -type operators which successfully explain the LHCb result, can also accommodate the CMS excess in the eejj channel of the W R search
MAGIC TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 421 during Multiwavelength
  Campaigns in 2006

The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope participated
in three multiwavelength (MWL) campaigns, observing the blazar Markarian (Mkn)
421 during the nights of 2006 April 28, 29, and 2006 June 14. We analyzed the
corresponding MAGIC very-high energy observations during 9 nights from 2006
April 22 to 30 and on 2006 June 14. We inferred light curves with sub-day
resolution and night-by-night energy spectra. A strong gamma-ray signal was
detected from Mkn 421 on all observation nights. The flux (E > 250 GeV) varied
on night-by-night basis between (0.92+-0.11)10^-10 cm^-2 s^-1 (0.57 Crab units)
and (3.21+-0.15)10^-10 cm^-2 s^-1 (2.0 Crab units) in 2006 April. There is a
clear indication for intra-night variability with a doubling time of
36+-10(stat) minutes on the night of 2006 April 29, establishing once more
rapid flux variability for this object. For all individual nights gamma-ray
spectra could be inferred, with power-law indices ranging from 1.66 to 2.47. We
did not find statistically significant correlations between the spectral index
and the flux state for individual nights. During the June 2006 campaign, a flux
substantially lower than the one measured by the Whipple 10-m telescope four
days later was found. Using a log-parabolic power law fit we deduced for some
data sets the location of the spectral peak in the very-high energy regime. Our
results confirm the indications of rising peak energy with increasing flux, as
expected in leptonic acceleration models
A unique 4000 year long geological record of multiple tsunami inundations in the Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily, Italy)

We present the geological evidence for a 4000 year long record of multiple tsunami inundations along the coast of the Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily)and discuss its implications. The research was carried out through a multi-theme approach which beneﬁted from an extraordinarily long historical record that we used to guide detailed geomorphologic and geologic surveys, coring campaigns and laboratory analyses. Two sites, named the Augusta Hospital and Priolo Reserve, were selected and investigated in detail along the 25 km-long coastline of Augusta Bay. We found evidence for six (possibly seven) tsunami deposits; three of them may be tentatively associated with the 1693 and 365 AD Ionian Sea historical tsunamis and the ~3600 BP Santorini event. The other three (possibly four) deposits are evidence for unknown paleo-inundations dated at about 650–770 AD, 600–400 BC and 975–800 BC (at Augusta Hospital site), and 800–600 BC (at Priolo Reserve site). We use these ages to extend further back the historical record of tsunamis available for this coastal area. The exceptional number of tsunami deposits found with this study allowed us to derive an average geologic tsunami recurrence interval in the Augusta Bay of about 600 years for the past 4 ka. Conversely, the historical tsunami data for the past millennium suggest an average tsunami recurrence interval of about 250 years. This difference in the average recurrence intervals suggests that only the strongest inundations may leave recognizable geological signatures at the investigated sites (i.e. the evidence for the 1908 and 1169 tsunamis is missing) but also that the geomorphological setting of the site and its erosional/depositional history are critical aspects for the data recording. Thus, an average recurrence interval derived from the geological record should be considered as a minimum ﬁgure. The identiﬁcation and age estimation of tsunami deposits represent a new and independent contribution to tsunami scenarios and modeling for coastal hazard assessment in Civil Protection applications. Furthermore, our study cases provide new elements on tsunami deposit recognition related to exceptionally large events that occurred in the Aegean Sea
On the rationality of case.

Case marking has long resisted rationalization in terms of language-external systems of cognition, representing a classical illustration in the generative tradition for an apparently purely ‘formal’ or ‘syntactic’ aspect of grammatical organization. I argue that this impasse derives from the prevailing absence of a notion of grammatical meaning, i.e. meaning unavailable lexically or in non-linguistic cognition and uniquely dependent on grammatical forms of organization. In particular, propositional forms of reference, contrary to their widespread designation as ‘semantic’, are arguably not only grammar-dependent but depend on relations designated as structural ‘Cases’. I further argue that these fail to reduce to thematic structure, Person, Tense, or Agreement. Therefore, Case receives a rationalization in terms of how lexical memory is made referential and propositional in language. Structural Case is ‘uninterpretable’ (bereft of content) only if a non-grammatical notion of meaning is employed, and sapiens-specific cognition is (implausibly) regarded as unmediated by language
A great thermal divergence in the mantle beginning 2.5 Ga : geochemical constraints from greenstone basalts and komatiites.

Greenstone basalts and komatiites provide a means to track both mantle composition and magma generation temperature with time. Four types of mantle are characterized from incompatible element distributions in basalts and komatiites: depleted, hydrated, enriched and mantle from which komatiites are derived. Our most important observation is the recognition for the first time of what we refer to as a Great Thermal Divergence within the mantle beginning near the end of the Archean, which we ascribe to thermal and convective evolution. Prior to 2.5 Ga, depleted and enriched mantle have indistinguishable thermal histories, whereas at 2.5–2.0 Ga a divergence in mantle magma generation temperature begins between these two types of mantle. Major and incompatible element distributions and calculated magma generation temperatures suggest that Archean enriched mantle did not come from mantle plumes, but was part of an undifferentiated or well-mixed mantle similar in composition to calculated primitive mantle. During this time, however, high-temperature mantle plumes from dominantly depleted sources gave rise to komatiites and associated basalts. Recycling of oceanic crust into the deep mantle after the Archean may have contributed to enrichment of Ti, Al, Ca and Na in basalts derived from enriched mantle sources. After 2.5 Ga, increases in Mg# in basalts from depleted mantle and decreases in Fe and Mn reflect some combination of growing depletion and cooling of depleted mantle with time. A delay in cooling of depleted mantle until after the Archean probably reflects a combination of greater radiogenic heat sources in the Archean mantle and the propagation of plate tectonics after 3 Ga