pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On-Shell Gauge Invariant Three-Point Amplitudes

Assuming locality, Lorentz invariance and parity conservation we obtain a set
of differential equations governing the 3-point interactions of massless
bosons, which in turn determines the polynomial ring of these amplitudes. We
derive all possible 3-point interactions for tensor fields with polarisations
that have total symmetry and mixed symmetry under permutations of Lorentz
indices. Constraints on the existence of gauge-invariant cubic vertices for
totally symmetric fields are obtained in general spacetime dimensions and are
compared with existing results obtained in the covariant and light-cone
approaches. Expressing our results in spinor helicity formalism we reproduce
the perhaps mysterious mismatch between the covariant approach and the light
cone approach in 4 dimensions. Our analysis also shows that there exists a
mismatch, in the 3-point gauge invariant amplitudes corresponding to cubic
self-interactions, between a scalar field $\phi$ and an antisymmetric rank-2
tensor field $A_{\mu\nu}$. Despite the well-known fact that in 4 dimensions
rank-2 anti-symmetric fields are dual to scalar fields in free theories, such
duality does not extend to interacting theories.Comment: significantly revised, final version published in JHE
Einstein gravity 3-point functions from conformal field theory

We study stress tensor correlation functions in four-dimensional conformal
field theories with large $N$ and a sparse spectrum. Theories in this class are
expected to have local holographic duals, so effective field theory in anti-de
Sitter suggests that the stress tensor sector should exhibit universal,
gravity-like behavior. At the linearized level, the hallmark of locality in the
emergent geometry is that stress tensor three-point functions $\langle
TTT\rangle$, normally specified by three constants, should approach a universal
structure controlled by a single parameter as the gap to higher spin operators
is increased. We demonstrate this phenomenon by a direct CFT calculation.
Stress tensor exchange, by itself, violates causality and unitarity unless the
three-point functions are carefully tuned, and the unique consistent choice
exactly matches the prediction of Einstein gravity. Under some assumptions
about the other potential contributions, we conclude that this structure is
universal, and in particular, that the anomaly coefficients satisfy $a\approx
c$ as conjectured by Camanho et al. The argument is based on causality of a
four-point function, with kinematics designed to probe bulk locality, and
invokes the chaos bound of Maldacena, Shenker, and Stanford.Comment: 24+9 pages; minor changes, conclusions unchange
Generalized Toda Theory from Six Dimensions and the Conifold

Recently, a physical derivation of the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa correspondence
has been put forward. A crucial role is played by the complex Chern-Simons
theory arising in the 3d-3d correspondence, whose boundary modes lead to Toda
theory on a Riemann surface. We explore several features of this derivation and
subsequently argue that it can be extended to a generalization of the AGT
correspondence. The latter involves codimension two defects in six dimensions
that wrap the Riemann surface. We use a purely geometrical description of these
defects and find that the generalized AGT setup can be modeled in a pole region
using generalized conifolds. Furthermore, we argue that the ordinary conifold
clarifies several features of the derivation of the original AGT
correspondence.Comment: 27+2 pages, 3 figure
Pileup Mitigation with Machine Learning (PUMML)

Pileup involves the contamination of the energy distribution arising from the
primary collision of interest (leading vertex) by radiation from soft
collisions (pileup). We develop a new technique for removing this contamination
using machine learning and convolutional neural networks. The network takes as
input the energy distribution of charged leading vertex particles, charged
pileup particles, and all neutral particles and outputs the energy distribution
of particles coming from leading vertex alone. The PUMML algorithm performs
remarkably well at eliminating pileup distortion on a wide range of simple and
complex jet observables. We test the robustness of the algorithm in a number of
ways and discuss how the network can be trained directly on data.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Updated to JHEP versio
On the exactness of soft theorems

Soft behaviours of S-matrix for massless theories reflect the underlying
symmetry principle that enforces its masslessness. As an expansion in soft
momenta, sub-leading soft theorems can arise either due to (I) unique structure
of the fundamental vertex or (II) presence of enhanced broken-symmetries. While
the former is expected to be modified by infrared or ultraviolet divergences,
the latter should remain exact to all orders in perturbation theory. Using
current algebra, we clarify such distinction for spontaneously broken (super)
Poincar\'e and (super) conformal symmetry. We compute the UV divergences of
DBI, conformal DBI, and A-V theory to verify the exactness of type (II) soft
theorems, while type (I) are shown to be broken and the soft-modifying
higher-dimensional operators are identified. As further evidence for the
exactness of type (II) soft theorems, we consider the alpha' expansion of both
super and bosonic open strings amplitudes, and verify the validity of the
translation symmetry breaking soft-theorems up to O(alpha'^6). Thus the
massless S-matrix of string theory "knows" about the presence of D-branes.Comment: 35 pages. Additional mathematica note book with the UV-divergenece of
  the 6-point amplitude in AV/KS theor
Measuring properties of a Heavy Higgs boson in the $H\to ZZ \to 4\ell$
  decay

In many extensions of the standard model, there exist a few extra Higgs
bosons. Suppose a heavy neutral Higgs boson H is discovered at the LHC, one
could then investigate CP and CPT~ properties of its couplings to a pair of $Z$
bosons through $H \to ZZ \to 4\ell$. We use the helicity-amplitude method to
write down the most general form for the angular distributions of the four
final-state leptons, which can cover the case of CP-even, -odd, and -mixed
state for the Higgs boson. We figure out there are 9 types of angular
observables and all the $H$ couplings to $Z$ bosons can be fully determined by
exploiting them. A Higgs-boson mass of 260 GeV below the $t\bar t$ threshold is
illustrated with full details. With a total of $10^3$ events of $H \to ZZ \to
4\ell$, one can determine the couplings up to 12-20\% uncertainties.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, to appear in JHE
Scaling dimensions in QED$_3$ from the $\epsilon$-expansion

We study the fixed point that controls the IR dynamics of QED in $d = 4 -
2\epsilon$. We derive the scaling dimensions of four-fermion and bilinear
operators beyond leading order in $\epsilon$-expansion. For the four-fermion
operators, this requires the computation of a two-loop mixing that was not
known before. We then extrapolate these scaling dimensions to $d = 3$ to
estimate their value at the IR fixed point of QED$_3$ as function of the number
of fermions $N_f$. The next-to-leading order result for the four-fermion
operators corrects significantly the leading one. Our best estimate at this
order indicates that they do not cross marginality for any value of $N_f$,
which would imply that they cannot trigger a departure from the conformal
phase. For the scaling dimensions of bilinear operators, we observe better
convergence as we increase the order. In particular, $\epsilon$-expansion
provides a convincing estimate for the dimension of the flavor-singlet scalar
in the full range of $N_f$.Comment: 39 pages, 5 figure
Structure Constants of Defect Changing Operators on the 1/2 BPS Wilson
  Loop

We study three-point functions of operators on the $1/2$ BPS Wilson loop in
planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. The operators we consider are
"defect changing operators", which change the scalar coupled to the Wilson
loop. We first perform the computation at two loops in general set-ups, and
then study a special scaling limit called the ladders limit, in which the
spectrum is known to be described by a quantum mechanics with the
SL(2,$\mathbb{R}$) symmetry. In this limit, we resum the Feynman diagrams using
the Schwinger-Dyson equation and determine the structure constants at all order
in the rescaled coupling constant. Besides providing an interesting solvable
example of defect conformal field theories, our result gives invaluable data
for the integrability-based approach to the structure constants.Comment: 31 pages + appendices; v2 References adde
Circle compactification and 't Hooft anomaly

Anomaly matching constrains low-energy physics of strongly-coupled field
theories, but it is not useful at finite temperature due to contamination from
high-energy states. The known exception is an 't Hooft anomaly involving
one-form symmetries as in pure $SU(N)$ Yang-Mills theory at $\theta=\pi$.
Recent development about large-$N$ volume independence, however, gives us a
circumstantial evidence that 't Hooft anomalies can also remain under circle
compactifications in some theories without one-form symmetries. We develop a
systematic procedure for deriving an 't Hooft anomaly of the
circle-compactified theory starting from the anomaly of the original
uncompactified theory without one-form symmetries, where the twisted boundary
condition for the compactified direction plays a pivotal role. As an
application, we consider $\mathbb{Z}_N$-twisted $\mathbb{C}P^{N-1}$ sigma model
and massless $\mathbb{Z}_N$-QCD, and compute their anomalies explicitly.Comment: 22 pages; (v2) references updated, minor change
Vector-like quarks coupling discrimination at the LHC and future hadron
  colliders

The existence of new coloured states with spin one-half, i.e. extra-quarks,
is a striking prediction of various classes of new physics models. Should one
of these states be discovered during the 13 TeV runs of the LHC or at future
high energy hadron colliders, understanding its properties will be crucial in
order to shed light on the underlying model structure. Depending on the extra-
quarks quantum number under SU(2)L, their coupling to Standard Model quarks and
bosons have either a dominant left- or right-handed chiral component. By
exploiting the polarisation properties of the top quarks arising from the decay
of pair-produced extra quarks, we show how it is possible to discriminate among
the two hypothesis in the whole discovery range currently accessible at the
LHC, thus effectively narrowing down the possible interpretations of a
discovered state in terms of new physics scenarios. Moreover, we estimate the
discovery and discrimination power of future prototype hadron colliders with
centre of mass energies of 33 and 100 TeV.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Measurement of the Drell--Yan triple-differential cross section in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

This paper presents a measurement of the triple-differential cross section
for the Drell--Yan process $Z/\gamma^*\rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-$ where $\ell$ is
an electron or a muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the
lepton pairs, $m_{\ell\ell}$, between $46$ and $200$ GeV using a sample of
$20.2$ fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of
$\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data
are presented in bins of invariant mass, absolute dilepton rapidity,
$|y_{\ell\ell}|$, and the angular variable $\cos\theta^{*}$ between the
outgoing lepton and the incoming quark in the Collins--Soper frame. The
measurements are performed in the range $|y_{\ell\ell}|<2.4$ in the muon
channel, and extended to $|y_{\ell\ell}|<3.6$ in the electron channel. The
cross sections are used to determine the $Z$ boson forward-backward asymmetry
as a function of $|y_{\ell\ell}|$ and $m_{\ell\ell}$. The measurements achieve
high-precision, below the percent level in the pole region, excluding the
uncertainty in the integrated luminosity, and are in agreement with
predictions. These precision data are sensitive to the parton distribution
functions and the effective weak mixing angle.Comment: This document has 81 pages in total; the authors list starts on page
  65 and ends on page 81; there are 17 figures and 10 tables; submitted to
  JHEP; all figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2016-04
Extraction of $|V_{cb}|$ from $B\to D^{(*)}\ell\nu_\ell$ and the
  Standard Model predictions of $R(D^{(*)})$

We extract $|V_{cb}|$ from the available data in the decay $B \to
D^{(*)}\ell\nu_{\ell}$. Our analysis uses the $q^2(w)$ binned differential
decay rates in different subsamples of $B\to D\ell\nu_\ell$ ($\ell = e, \mu$),
while for the decay $B\to D^*\ell\nu_\ell$, the unfolded binned differential
decay rates of four kinematic variables including the $q^2$ bins have been
used. In the CLN and BGL parameterizations of the form factors, the combined
fit to all the available data along with their correlations yields $|V_{cb}| =
(39.77 \pm 0.89)\times 10^{-3}$ and $(40.90 \pm 0.94)\times 10^{-3}$
respectively. In these fits, we have used the inputs from lattice and light
cone sum rule (LCSR) along with the data. Using our fit results and the HQET
relations (with the known corrections included) amongst the form factors, and
parameterizing the unknown higher order corrections (in the ratios of HQET form
factors) with a conservative estimate of the normalizing parameters, we obtain
$R(D^{*}) = 0.259 \pm 0.006$ (CLN) and $R(D^*) = 0.257 \pm 0.005$ (BGL).Comment: 8 pages, 2 captioned figures (5 figures and detailed discussion
  added, accepted for publication in JHEP
Perfectly invisible $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric zero-gap systems, conformal
  field theoretical kinks, and exotic nonlinear supersymmetry

We investigate a special class of the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quantum models
being perfectly invisible zero-gap systems with a unique bound state at the
very edge of continuous spectrum of scattering states. The family includes the
$\mathcal{PT}$-regularized two particle Calogero systems (conformal quantum
mechanics models of de Alfaro-Fubini-Furlan) and their rational extensions
whose potentials satisfy equations of the KdV hierarchy and exhibit,
particularly, a behaviour typical for extreme waves. We show that the two
simplest Hamiltonians from the Calogero subfamily determine the fluctuation
spectra around the $\mathcal{PT}$-regularized kinks arising as traveling waves
in the field-theoretical Liouville and $SU(3)$ conformal Toda systems. Peculiar
properties of the quantum systems are reflected in the associated exotic
nonlinear supersymmetry in the unbroken or partially broken phases. The
conventional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry is extended here to the
$\mathcal{N}=4$ nonlinear supersymmetry that involves two bosonic generators
composed from Lax-Novikov integrals of the subsystems, one of which is the
central charge of the superalgebra. Jordan states are shown to play an
essential role in the construction.Comment: 33 pages; comments and refs added, version to appear in JHE
Is there a breakdown of effective field theory at the horizon of an
  extremal black hole?

Linear perturbations of extremal black holes exhibit the Aretakis
instability, in which higher derivatives of a scalar field grow polynomially
with time along the event horizon. This suggests that higher derivative
corrections to the classical equations of motion may become large, indicating a
breakdown of effective field theory at late time on the event horizon. We
investigate whether or not this happens. For extremal Reissner-Nordstrom we
argue that, for a large class of theories, general covariance ensures that the
higher derivative corrections to the equations of motion appear only in
combinations that remain small compared to two derivative terms so effective
field theory remains valid. For extremal Kerr, the situation is more
complicated since backreaction of the scalar field is not understood even in
the two derivative theory. Nevertheless we argue that the effects of the higher
derivative terms will be small compared to the two derivative terms as long as
the spacetime remains close to extremal Kerr.Comment: 34 page
Gluon-fusion Higgs production in the Standard Model Effective Field
  Theory

We provide the complete set of predictions needed to achieve NLO accuracy in
the Standard Model Effective Field Theory at dimension six for Higgs production
in gluon fusion. In particular, we compute for the first time the contribution
of the chromomagnetic operator $ \bar Q_L \Phi \sigma q_R G$ at NLO in QCD,
which entails two-loop virtual and one-loop real contributions, as well as
renormalisation and mixing with the Yukawa operator $\Phi^\dagger \Phi\, \bar
Q_L \Phi q_R$ and the gluon-fusion operator $\Phi^\dagger \Phi\, GG$. Focusing
on the top-quark-Higgs couplings, we consider the phenomenological impact of
the NLO corrections in constraining the three relevant operators by
implementing the results into the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework. This allows us
to compute total cross sections as well as to perform event generation at NLO
that can be directly employed in experimental analyses.Comment: 30 pages. This version includes the corrections of our Erratum
  published in JHEP (2018) 2018: 15
The minimal fermionic model of electroweak baryogenesis

We present the minimal model of electroweak baryogenesis induced by fermions.
The model consists of an extension of the Standard Model with one electroweak
singlet fermion and one pair of vector like doublet fermions with
renormalizable couplings to the Higgs. A strong first order phase transition is
radiatively induced by the singlet-doublet fermions, while the origin of the
baryon asymmetry is due to asymmetric reflection of the same set of fermions on
the expanding electroweak bubble wall. The singlet-doublet fermions are
stabilized at the electroweak scale by chiral symmetries and the Higgs
potential is stabilized by threshold corrections coming from a multi-TeV
ultraviolet completion which does not play any significant role in the phase
transition. We work in terms of background symmetry invariants and perform an
analytic semiclassical calculation of the baryon asymmetry, showing that the
model may effectively generate the observed baryon asymmetry for percent level
values of the unique invariant CP violating phase of the singlet-doublet
sector. We include a detailed study of electron electric dipole moment and
electroweak precision limits, and for one typical benchmark scenario we also
recast existing collider constraints, showing that the model is consistent with
all current experimental data. We point out that fermion induced electroweak
baryogenesis has irreducible phenomenology at the $13 \, \textrm{TeV}$ LHC
since the new fermions must be at the electroweak scale, have electroweak
quantum numbers and couple strongly with the Higgs. The most promising searches
involve topologies with multiple leptons and missing energy in the final state.Comment: 30 + 10 pages, 6 figure
Universal RG Flows Across Dimensions and Holography

We study RG flows between superconformal field theories living in different
spacetime dimensions which exhibit universal properties, independent of the
details of the UV and IR theories. In particular, when the UV and IR theories
are both even-dimensional we establish exact universal relations between their
conformal anomaly coefficients. We also provide strong evidence for similar
relations between appropriately defined free energies for RG flows between
odd-dimensional theories in the large $N$ limit. Holographically, these RG
flows across dimensions are described by asymptotically AdS black branes in a
gauged supergravity theory, which we exhibit explicitly. We also discuss the
uplift of these solutions to string and M-theory and comment on how the entropy
of such black branes is captured by the dual field theory.Comment: 64 pages, 2 figures; v2: additional comments and references, typos
  fixe
Boundary Conformal Anomalies on Hyperbolic Spaces and Euclidean Balls

We compute conformal anomalies for conformal field theories with free
conformal scalars and massless spin $1/2$ fields in hyperbolic space
$\mathbb{H}^d$ and in the ball $\mathbb{B}^d$, for $2\leq d\leq 7$. These
spaces are related by a conformal transformation. In even dimensional spaces,
the conformal anomalies on $\mathbb{H}^{2n}$ and $\mathbb{B}^{2n}$ are shown to
be identical. In odd dimensional spaces, the conformal anomaly on
$\mathbb{B}^{2n+1}$ comes from a boundary contribution, which exactly coincides
with that of $\mathbb{H}^{2n+1}$ provided one identifies the UV short-distance
cutoff on $\mathbb{B}^{2n+1}$ with the inverse large distance IR cutoff on
$\mathbb{H}^{2n+1}$, just as prescribed by the conformal map. As an
application, we determine, for the first time, the conformal anomaly
coefficients multiplying the Euler characteristic of the boundary for scalars
and half-spin fields with various boundary conditions in $d=5$ and $d=7$.Comment: 16 pages. V3: small correction
Non-perturbative determination of the $\Lambda$-parameter in the pure
  SU(3) gauge theory from the twisted gradient flow coupling

We evaluate the $\Lambda$-parameter in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme
for the pure SU(3) gauge theory with the twisted gradient flow (TGF) method. A
running coupling constant $g_{\mathrm{TGF}}^2(1/L)$ is defined in a finite
volume box with size of $L^4$ with the twisted boundary condition. This defines
the TGF scheme. Using the step scaling method for the TGF coupling with lattice
simulations, we can evaluate the $\Lambda$-parameter non-perturbatively in the
TGF scheme. In this paper we determine the dimensionless ratios,
$\Lambda_{\mathrm{TGF}}/\sqrt{\sigma}$ and $r_{0}\Lambda_{\mathrm{TGF}}$
together with the $\Lambda$-parameter ratio
$\Lambda_{\mathrm{SF}}/\Lambda_{\mathrm{TGF}}$ on the lattices numerically.
Combined with the known ratio
$\Lambda_{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}/\Lambda_{\mathrm{SF}}$, we obtain
$\Lambda_{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}/\sqrt{\sigma} = 0.517(10)(^{+8}_{-7})$ and
$r_{0}\Lambda_{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}=0.593(12)(^{+12}_{-9})$, where the first
error is statistical one and the second is our estimate of systematic
uncertainty.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, LaTe
Kink Dynamics in a Parametric $\phi^6$ System: A Model With Controllably
  Many Internal Modes

We explore a variant of the $\phi^6$ model originally proposed in Phys.\
Rev.\ D {\bf 12}, 1606 (1975) as a prototypical, so-called, "bag" model in
which domain walls play the role of quarks within hadrons. We examine the
steady state of the model, namely an apparent bound state of two kink
structures. We explore its linearization, and we find that, as a function of a
parameter controlling the curvature of the potential, an {\it effectively
arbitrary} number of internal modes may arise in the point spectrum of the
linearization about the domain wall profile. We explore some of the key
characteristics of kink-antikink collisions, such as the critical velocity and
the multi-bounce windows, and how they depend on the principal parameter of the
model. We find that the critical velocity exhibits a non-monotonic dependence
on the parameter controlling the curvature of the potential. For the
multi-bounce windows, we find that their range and complexity decrease as the
relevant parameter decreases (and as the number of internal modes in the model
increases). We use a modified collective coordinates method [in the spirit of
recent works such as {Phys.\ Rev.\ D} {\bf 94}, 085008 (2016)] in order to
capture the relevant phenomenology in a semi-analytical manner.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, jheppub class; v2 minor revision