pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Developing an inverted Barrovian sequence; insights from monazite petrochronology

AbstractIn the Himalayan region of Sikkim, the well-developed inverted metamorphic sequence of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone is folded, thus exposing several transects through the structure that reached similar metamorphic grades at different times. In-situ LA-ICP-MS U–Th–Pb monazite ages, linked to pressure–temperature conditions via trace-element reaction fingerprints, allow key aspects of the evolution of the thrust zone to be understood for the first time. The ages show that peak metamorphic conditions were reached earliest in the structurally highest part of the inverted metamorphic sequence, in the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) in the hanging wall of the MCT. Monazite in this unit grew over a prolonged period between ∼37 and 16 Ma in the southerly leading-edge of the thrust zone and between ∼37 and 14.5 Ma in the northern rear-edge of the thrust zone, at peak metamorphic conditions of ∼790 °C and 10 kbar. Monazite ages in Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) footwall rocks show that identical metamorphic conditions were reached ∼4–6 Ma apart along the ∼60 km separating samples along the MCT transport direction. Upper LHS footwall rocks reached peak metamorphic conditions of ∼655 °C and 9 kbar between ∼21 and 16 Ma in the more southerly-exposed transect and ∼14.5–12 Ma in the northern transect. Similarly, lower LHS footwall rocks reached peak metamorphic conditions of ∼580 °C and 8.5 kbar at ∼16 Ma in the south, and 9–10 Ma in the north. In the southern transect, the timing of partial melting in the GHS hanging wall (∼23–19.5 Ma) overlaps with the timing of prograde metamorphism (∼21 Ma) in the LHS footwall, confirming that the hanging wall may have provided the heat necessary for the metamorphism of the footwall.Overall, the data provide robust evidence for progressively downwards-penetrating deformation and accretion of original LHS footwall material to the GHS hanging wall over a period of ∼5 Ma. These processes appear to have occurred several times during the prolonged ductile evolution of the thrust. The preserved inverted metamorphic sequence therefore documents the formation of sequential ‘paleo-thrusts’ through time, cutting down from the original locus of MCT movement at the LHS–GHS protolith boundary and forming at successively lower pressure and temperature conditions. The petrochronologic methods applied here constrain a complex temporal and thermal deformation history, and demonstrate that inverted metamorphic sequences can preserve a rich record of the duration of progressive ductile thrusting
CP(N−1)  quantum field theories with alkaline-earth atoms in optical lattices

AbstractWe propose a cold atom implementation to attain the continuum limit of (1+1)-d CP(N−1)  quantum field theories. These theories share important features with (3+1)-d QCD, such as asymptotic freedom and θ-vacua. Moreover, their continuum limit can be accessed via the mechanism of dimensional reduction. In our scheme, the CP(N−1)  degrees of freedom emerge at low energies from a ladder system of SU(N) quantum spins, where the N spin states are embodied by the nuclear Zeeman states of alkaline-earth atoms, trapped in an optical lattice. Based on Monte Carlo results, we establish that the continuum limit can be demonstrated by an atomic quantum simulation by employing the feature of asymptotic freedom. We discuss a protocol for the adiabatic preparation of the ground state of the system, the real-time evolution of a false θ-vacuum state after a quench, and we propose experiments to unravel the phase diagram at non-zero density
Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Transport Is Required for Long-Term Memory Formation

SummaryWe report that, in the rat hippocampus, learning leads to a significant increase in extracellular lactate levels that derive from glycogen, an energy reserve selectively localized in astrocytes. Astrocytic glycogen breakdown and lactate release are essential for long-term but not short-term memory formation, and for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength elicited in vivo. Disrupting the expression of the astrocytic lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) or MCT1 causes amnesia, which, like LTP impairment, is rescued by L-lactate but not equicaloric glucose. Disrupting the expression of the neuronal lactate transporter MCT2 also leads to amnesia that is unaffected by either L-lactate or glucose, suggesting that lactate import into neurons is necessary for long-term memory. Glycogenolysis and astrocytic lactate transporters are also critical for the induction of molecular changes required for memory formation, including the induction of phospho-CREB, Arc, and phospho-cofilin. We conclude that astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation
A logic programming approach to knowledge-state planning, II: The DLVK system

AbstractIn Part I of this series of papers, we have proposed a new logic-based planning language, called K. This language facilitates the description of transitions between states of knowledge and it is well suited for planning under incomplete knowledge. Nonetheless, K also supports the representation of transitions between states of the world (i.e., states of complete knowledge) as a special case, proving to be very flexible. In the present Part II, we describe the DLVK planning system, which implements K on top of the disjunctive logic programming system DLV. This novel planning system allows for solving hard planning problems, including secure planning under incomplete initial states (often called conformant planning in the literature), which cannot be solved at all by other logic-based planning systems such as traditional satisfiability planners. We present a detailed comparison of the DLVK system to several state-of-the-art conformant planning systems, both at the level of system features and on benchmark problems. Our results indicate that, thanks to the power of knowledge-state problem encoding, the DLVK system is competitive even with special purpose conformant planning systems, and it often supplies a more natural and simple representation of the planning problems
Contribution of asymmetric strange–antistrange sea to the Paschos–Wolfenstein relation

AbstractThe NuTeV Collaboration reported a value of sin2θw measured in neutrino–nucleon deep inelastic scattering, and found that the value is three standard deviations from the standard model prediction. This result is obtained under the assumption that the strange quark–antiquark sea of nucleons are symmetric, and that the up and down quark distributions are symmetric with the simultaneous interchange of u↔d and p↔n. We discuss the contribution of asymmetric strange–antistrange sea to the Paschos–Wolfenstein relation in the extraction of weak mixing angle sin2θw. We also point out that the contribution of asymmetric strange–antistrange sea should remove roughly 30–80% of the discrepancy between the NuTeV result and other determinations of sin2θw when using the light-cone meson–baryon model to calculate the contribution of the strange–antistrange sea
The Peroxisomal Enzyme L-PBE Is Required to Prevent the Dietary Toxicity of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

SummarySpecific metabolic pathways are activated by different nutrients to adapt the organism to available resources. Although essential, these mechanisms are incompletely defined. Here, we report that medium-chain fatty acids contained in coconut oil, a major source of dietary fat, induce the liver ω-oxidation genes Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 to increase the production of dicarboxylic fatty acids. Furthermore, these activate all ω- and β-oxidation pathways through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ, an activation loop normally kept under control by dicarboxylic fatty acid degradation by the peroxisomal enzyme L-PBE. Indeed, L-pbe−/− mice fed coconut oil overaccumulate dicarboxylic fatty acids, which activate all fatty acid oxidation pathways and lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and death. Thus, the correct homeostasis of dicarboxylic fatty acids is a means to regulate the efficient utilization of ingested medium-chain fatty acids, and its deregulation exemplifies the intricate relationship between impaired metabolism and inflammation
Precision probes of a leptophobic Z′ boson

AbstractExtensions of the Standard Model that contain leptophobic Z′ gauge bosons are theoretically interesting but difficult to probe directly in high-energy hadron colliders. However, precision measurements of Standard Model neutral current processes can provide powerful indirect tests. We demonstrate that parity-violating deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons off of deuterium offer a unique probe leptophobic Z′ bosons with axial quark couplings and masses above 100 GeV. In addition to covering a wide range of previously uncharted parameter space, planned measurements of the deep inelastic parity-violating eD asymmetry would be capable of testing leptophobic Z′ scenarios proposed to explain the CDF W plus dijet anomaly
Ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Identification, characteristics and comparison to modern ice sheets

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review and synthesis of ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) based on a new mapping inventory that includes previously hypothesised ice streams and includes a concerted effort to search for others from across the entire ice sheet bed. The inventory includes 117 ice streams, which have been identified based on a variety of evidence including their bedform imprint, large-scale geomorphology/topography, till properties, and ice rafted debris in ocean sediment records. Despite uncertainty in identifying ice streams in hard bedrock areas, it is unlikely that any major ice streams have been missed. During the Last Glacial Maximum, Laurentide ice streams formed a drainage pattern that bears close resemblance to the present day velocity patterns in modern ice sheets. Large ice streams had extensive onset zones and were fed by multiple tributaries and, where ice drained through regions of high relief, the spacing of ice streams shows a degree of spatial self-organisation which has hitherto not been recognised. Topography exerted a primary control on the location of ice streams, but there were large areas along the western and southern margin of the ice sheet where the bed was composed of weaker sedimentary bedrock, and where networks of ice streams switched direction repeatedly and probably over short time scales. As the ice sheet retreated onto its low relief interior, several ice streams show no correspondence with topography or underlying geology, perhaps facilitated by localised build-up of pressurised subglacial meltwater. They differed from most other ice stream tracks in having much lower length-to-width ratios and have no modern analogues. There have been very few attempts to date the initiation and cessation of ice streams, but it is clear that ice streams switched on and off during deglaciation, rather than maintaining the same trajectory as the ice margin retreated. We provide a first order estimate of changes in ice stream activity during deglaciation and show that around 30% of the margin was drained by ice streams at the LGM (similar to that for present day Antarctic ice sheets), but this decreases to 15% and 12% at 12calka BP and 10calka BP, respectively. The extent to which these changes in the ice stream drainage network represent a simple and predictable readjustment to a changing mass balance driven by climate, or internal ice dynamical feedbacks unrelated to climate (or both) is largely unknown and represents a key area for future work to address
Model-independent measurement of mixing parameters in D0 → KS0π+π− decays

The first model-independent measurement of the charm mixing parameters in the decay D[superscript 0] → K[subscript S][superscipt 0]π[superscript +]π[superscript −] is reported, using a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb[superscript −1] at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measured values are x = (−0.86 ± 0.53 ± 0.17) × 10[superscript -], y = (+ 0.03 ± 0.46 ± 0.13) x 10[superscript -2] , where the first uncertainties are statistical and include small contributions due to the external input for the strong phase measured by the CLEO collaboration, and the second uncertainties are systematic.National Science Foundation (U.S.
Production of associated Y and open charm hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV via double parton scattering

Associated production of bottomonia and open charm hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV is observed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb[superscript −1] accumulated with the LHCb detector. The observation of five combinations, Y(1S)D[superscript 0], Y(2S)D[superscript 0], Y(1S)D[superscript +], Y(2S)D[superscript +] and Y(1S)D[subscript s][superscript +], is reported. Production crosssections are measured for Y(1S)D[superscript 0] and Y(1S)D[superscript +] pairs in the forward region. The measured cross-sections and the differential distributions indicate the dominance of double parton scattering as the main production mechanism.National Science Foundation (U.S.
The triple Higgs coupling: a new probe of low-scale seesaw models.

The measure of the triple Higgs coupling is one of the major goals of the high-luminosity run of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) as well as the future colliders, either leptonic such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) or hadronic such as the 100 TeV Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode (FCC-hh). We have recently proposed this observable as a test of neutrino mass generating mechanisms in a regime where heavy sterile neutrino masses are hard to be probed otherwise. We present in this article a study of the one-loop corrected triple Higgs coupling in the inverse seesaw model, taking into account all relevant constraints on the model. This is the first study of the impact on the triple Higgs coupling of heavy neutrinos in a realistic, renormalizable neutrino mass model. We obtain deviations from the Standard Model as large as to ∼ +30% that are at the current limit of the HL-LHC sensitivity, but would be clearly visible at the ILC or at the FCC-hh
Measurement of the differential inclusive B+ hadron cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

The differential cross sections for inclusive production of B+ hadrons are measured as a function of the B+ transverse momentum pTB and rapidity yB in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 48.1 pb−1. The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel B+→J/ψK+, with J/ψ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties
Quantum discord is Bohr's notion of non-mechanical disturbance
  introduced in his answer to EPR

By rigorously formalizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument, and
Bohr's reply, one can appreciate that both arguments were technically correct.
Their opposed conclusions about the completeness of quantum mechanics hinged
upon an explicit difference in their criteria for when a measurement on Alice's
system can be regarded as not disturbing Bob's system. The EPR criteria allow
their conclusion (incompletness) to be reached by establishing the physical
reality of just a single observable $q$ (not a conjugate pair $q$ and $p$), but
I show that Bohr's definition of disturbance prevents the EPR chain of
reasoning from establishing even this. Moreover, I show that Bohr's definition
is intimately related to the asymmetric concept of quantum discord from quantum
information theory: if and only if the joint state has no Alice-discord, she
can measure any observable without disturbing (in Bohr's sense) Bob's system.
Discord can be present even when systems are unentangled, and this has
implications for our understanding of the historical development of notions of
quantum nonlocality.Comment: 17 pages. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics on 4th May
  201
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum

Results are reported from a search for physics beyond the standard model in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, focusing on the signature with a single, isolated, high-transverse-momentum lepton (electron or muon), energetic jets, and large missing transverse momentum. The data sample comprises an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is motivated by models of new physics, including supersymmetry. The observed event yields are consistent with standard model backgrounds predicted using control samples obtained from the data. The characteristics of the event sample are consistent with those expected for the production of tt̄ and W + jets events. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the parameter space for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for a pseudoscalar boson decaying into a Z boson and the 125 GeV Higgs boson in ℓ+ℓ-bb final states

Results are reported on a search for decays of a pseudoscalar A boson into a Z boson and a light scalar h boson, where the Z boson decays into a pair of oppositely-charged electrons or muons, and the h boson decays into bb- The search is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=8 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. The h boson is assumed to be the standard model-like Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV. With no evidence for signal, upper limits are obtained on the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction of the A boson in the Zh channel. Results are also interpreted in the context of two Higgs doublet models. © 2015.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Organoimido-polyoxometalate nonlinear optical chromophores : a structural, spectroscopic, and computational study

Ten organoimido polyoxometalate (POM)-based chromophores have been synthesized and studied by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS), Stark and Resonance Raman spectroscopies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. HRS β0 values for chromophores with resonance electron donors are significant (up to 139 × 10-30 esu, ∼5 times greater than that of the DAS+ cation), but systems with no donor, or the -NO2 acceptor show no activity, in some cases, despite large DFT-predicted β-values. In active systems with short (phenyl) π-bridges, β0 values comfortably exceed that of the purely organic structural analogue N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (DMPNA), and intrinsic β-values, β0/N3/2 (where N is the number of bridge π-electrons) thus appear to break empirical performance limits (β0/N3/2 vs λmax) for planar organic systems. However, β0 values obtained for extended systems with a diphenylacetylene bridge are comparable to or lower than that of their nitro analogue, N,N-dimethyl-4-[(4-nitrophenyl)ethynyl]-aniline (DMNPEA). Resonance Raman spectroscopy confirms the involvement of the POM in the electronic transitions, whether donor groups are present or not, but Stark spectroscopy indicates that, in their absence, the transitions have little dipolar character (hence, NLO inactive), consistent with DFT-calculated frontier orbitals, which extend over both POM and organic group. Stark and DFT also suggest that β is enhanced in the short compounds because the extension of charge transfer (CT) onto the POM increases changes in the excited-state dipole moment. With extended π-systems, this effect does not increase CT distances, relative to a -NO2 acceptor, so β0 values do not exceed that of DMNPEA. Overall, our results show that (i) the organoimido-POM unit is an efficient acceptor for second-order NLO, but an ineffective donor; (ii) the nature of electronic transitions in arylimido-POMs is strongly influenced by the substituents of the aryl group; and (iii) organoimido-POMs outperform organic acceptors with short π-bridges, but lose their advantage with extended π-conjugation
Wanting to be Anna: examining lesbian sporting celebrity on The L Word

This article adds to the limited literature on coming out and on lesbians in sport by highlighting the presence of lesbian sporting celebrity on Showtime's series The L Word. Through a reading of The L Word's character/professional athlete, Dana Fairbanks, we explore the economic impetus and the racial and classed undertones of corporatized coming out narratives. We devote considerable effort to unpacking Fairbanks' articulation that she wishes to be "the gay Anna Kournikova" and speculate on the consequences of this utterance for both real lesbian sporting celebrities and the lesbian fans that necessarily follow Fairbanks' corporate-sponsored coming out
The impact of online reviews on hotel booking intentions and trust

A growing reliance on the Internet as an information source when making choices about tourism products raises the need for more research into electronic word of mouth. Within a hotel context, this study explores the role of four key factors that influence perceptions of trust and consumer choice. An experimental design is used to investigate four independent variables: the target of the review (core or interpersonal); overall valence of a set of reviews (positive or negative); framing of reviews (what comes first: negative or positive information); and whether or not a consumer generated numerical rating is provided together with the written text. Consumers seem to be more influenced by early negative information, especially when the overall set of reviews is negative. However, positively framed information together with numerical rating details increases both booking intentions and consumer trust. The results suggest that consumers tend to rely on easy-to-process information, when evaluating a hotel based upon reviews. Higher levels of trust are also evident when a positively framed set of reviews focused on interpersonal service