pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Representation Theorems for Quadratic ${\cal F}$-Consistent Nonlinear Expectations

International audienceIn this paper we extend the notion of ``filtration-consistent nonlinear expectation" (or ``${\cal F}$-consistent nonlinear expectation") to the case when it is allowed to be dominated by a $g$-expectation that may have a quadratic growth. We show that for such a nonlinear expectation many fundamental properties of a martingale can still make sense, including the Doob-Meyer type decomposition theorem and the optional sampling theorem. More importantly, we show that any quadratic ${\cal F}$-consistent nonlinear expectation with a certain domination property must be a quadratic $g$-expectation. The main contribution of this paper is the finding of the domination condition to replace the one used in all the previous works, which is no longer valid in the quadratic case. We also show that the representation generator must be deterministic, continuous, and actually must be of the simple form
Biomolecule association rates do not provide a complete description of bond formation.
 : 
Biomolecule association rates

International audienceThe efficiency of many cell-surface receptors is dependent on the rate of binding soluble or surface-attached ligands. Much effort was exerted to measure association rates between soluble molecules (three-dimensional k(on)) and, more recently, between surface-attached molecules (two-dimensional [2D] k(on)). According to a generally accepted assumption, the probability of bond formation between receptors and ligands is proportional to the first power of encounter duration. Here we provide new experimental evidence and review published data demonstrating that this simple assumption is not always warranted. Using as a model system the (2D) interaction between ICAM-1-coated surfaces and flowing microspheres coated with specific anti-ICAM-1 antibodies, we show that the probability of bond formation may scale as a power of encounter duration that is significantly higher than 1. Further, we show that experimental data may be accounted for by modeling ligand-receptor interaction as a displacement along a single path of a rough energy landscape. Under a wide range of conditions, the probability that an encounter of duration t resulted in bond formation varied as erfc[(t(0)/t)(1/2)], where t(0) was on the order of 10 ms. We conclude that the minimum contact time for bond formation may be a useful parameter to describe a ligand-receptor interaction, in addition to conventional association rates
A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

We present a search for a light (mass < 2 GeV) boson predicted by Hidden Valley supersymmetric models
that decays into a final state consisting of collimated muons or electrons, denoted “lepton-jets”. The
analysis uses 5 fb−1 of √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the
Large Hadron Collider to search for the following signatures: single lepton-jets with at least four muons;
pairs of lepton-jets, each with two or more muons; and pairs of lepton-jets with two or more electrons.
This study finds no statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction and places 95%
confidence-level exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio of light bosons
for several parameter sets of a Hidden Valley modelWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey, I : properties of the low-metallicity ISM from PACS spectroscopy

Context. The far-infrared (FIR) lines are important tracers of the cooling and physical conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) and are rapidly becoming workhorse diagnostics for galaxies throughout the universe. There are clear indications of a different behavior of these lines at low metallicity that needs to be explored. 
Aims. Our goal is to explain the main differences and trends observed in the FIR line emission of dwarf galaxies compared to more metal-rich galaxies, and how this translates in ISM properties. 
Methods. We present Herschel/PACS spectroscopic observations of the [C II] 157 mu m, [O I] 63 and 145 mu m, [O III] 88 mu m, [N II] 122 and 205 mu m, and [N III] 57 mu m fine-structure cooling lines in a sample of 48 low-metallicity star-forming galaxies of the guaranteed time key program Dwarf Galaxy Survey. We correlate PACS line ratios and line-to-L-TIR ratios with L-TIR, L-TIR/L-B, metallicity, and FIR color, and interpret the observed trends in terms of ISM conditions and phase filling factors with Cloudy radiative transfer models. 
Results. We find that the FIR lines together account for up to 3 percent of L-TIR and that star-forming regions dominate the overall emission in dwarf galaxies. Compared to metal-rich galaxies, the ratios of [O III](88)/[N II](122) and [N III](57)/[N II](122) are high, indicative of hard radiation fields. In the photodissociation region (PDR), the [C II](157)/[O I](63) ratio is slightly higher than in metal-rich galaxies, with a small increase with metallicity, and the [O I](145)/[O I](63) ratio is generally lower than 0 : 1, demonstrating that optical depth effects should be small on the scales probed. The [O III](88)/[O I](63) ratio can be used as an indicator of the ionized gas/PDR filling factor, and is found to be similar to 4 times higher in the dwarfs than in metal-rich galaxies. The high [C II]/L-TIR, [O I]/L-TIR, and [O III]/L-TIR ratios, which decrease with increasing L-TIR and L-TIR/L-B, are interpreted as a combination of moderate far-UV fields and a low PDR covering factor. Harboring compact phases of a low filling factor and a large volume filling factor of diffuse gas, the ISM of low-metallicity dwarf galaxies has a more porous structure than that of metal-rich galaxies
Correlation between Zn vacancies and photoluminescence emission in ZnO films.

Photoluminescence and positron annihilation spectroscopy have been used to characterize and identify vacancy-type defects produced in ZnO films grown on sapphire by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The photoluminescence of the samples in the near band edge region has been studied, paying particular attention to the emission at 370.5 nm (3.346 eV). This emission has been correlated to the concentration of Zn vacancies in the films, which has been determined by positron annihilation spectroscopy.Jesus.Zuniga@uv.es         Vicente.Munoz@uv.e
A theory of nonvertical triplet energy transfer in terms of accurate potential energy surfaces: The transfer reaction from π,π∗ triplet donors to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene

Triplet energy transfer (TET) from aromatic donors to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene (COT) is an extreme case of “nonvertical” behavior, where the transfer rate for low-energy donors is considerably faster than that predicted for a thermally activated (Arrhenius) process. To explain the anomalous TET of COT and other molecules, a new theoretical model based on transition state theory for nonadiabatic processes is proposed here, which makes use of the adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PES) of reactants and products, as computed from high-level quantum mechanical methods, and a nonadiabatic transfer rate constant. It is shown that the rate of transfer depends on a geometrical distortion parameter γ = (2g2/κ1)1/2 in which g stands for the norm of the energy gradient in the PES of the acceptor triplet state and κ1 is a combination of vibrational force constants of the ground-state acceptor in the gradient direction. The application of the model to existing experimental data for the triplet energy transfer reaction to COT from a series of π,π∗ triplet donors, provides a detailed interpretation of the parameters that determine the transfer rate constant. In addition, the model shows that the observed decrease of the acceptor electronic excitation energy is due to thermal activation of C�C bond stretchings and C–C bond torsions, which collectively change the ground-state COT bent conformation (D2d) toward a planar triplet state (D8h).manuela.merchan@uv.e
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring: I. Observational campaign and
  OB-type spectroscopic binaries

Massive binaries (MBs) play a crucial role in the Universe. Knowing the
distributions of their orbital parameters (OPs) is important for a wide range
of topics, from stellar feedback to binary evolution channels, from the
distribution of supernova types to gravitational wave progenitors, yet, no
direct measurements exist outside the Milky Way. The Tarantula Massive Binary
Monitoring was designed to help fill this gap by obtaining multi-epoch radial
velocity monitoring of 102 MBs in the 30 Dor. In this paper, we analyse 32
VLT/FLAMES observations of 93 O- and 7 B-type binaries. We performed a Fourier
analysis and obtained orbital solutions for 82 systems: 51 single- and 31
double-lined spectroscopic binaries. Overall, the OPs and binary fraction are
remarkably similar across the 30 Dor region and compared to existing Galactic
samples (GSs). This indicates that within these domains environmental effects
are of second order in shaping the properties of MBs. A small difference is
found in the distribution of orbital periods (OrbPs), which is slightly flatter
(in log space) in 30 Dor than in the Galaxy, although this may be compatible
within error estimates and differences in the fitting methodology. Also, OrbPs
in 30 Dor can be as short as 1.1 d; somewhat shorter than seen in GSs. Equal
mass binaries q>0.95 in 30 Dor are all found outside NGC 2070 the very young
and massive cluster at 30 Dor's core. One outstanding exception however is the
fact that earliest spectral types (O2-O7) tend to have shorter OrbPs than
latter (O9.2-O9.7). Our results point to a relative universality of the
incidence rate of MBs and their OPs in the metallicity range from solar
($Z_{\odot}$) to about $0.5Z_{\odot}$. This provides the first direct
constraints on MB properties in massive star-forming galaxies at the Universes
peak of star formation at redshifts z~1 to 2, which are estimated to have
$Z~0.5Z_{\odot}$.Comment: 36 pages, 19 figures, 10 tables, published in A\&
Search for leptophobic Z' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states
  in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for heavy narrow resonances decaying into four-lepton final states
from cascade decays of a Z' boson has been performed using proton-proton
collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. No excess
of events over the standard model background expectation is observed. Upper
limits for a benchmark model on the product of cross section and branching
fraction for the production of these heavy narrow resonances are presented. The
limit excludes leptophobic Z' bosons with masses below 2.5 TeV within the
benchmark model. This is the first result to constrain a leptophobic Z'
resonance in the four-lepton channel.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-14-006
  (CMS Public Pages
Energy bounds for a compressed elastic film on a substrate.

We study pattern formation in a compressed elastic film which delaminates from a substrate. Our key tool is the determination of rigorous upper and lower bounds on the minimum value of a suitable energy functional. The energy consists of two parts, describing the two main physical effects. The first part represents the elastic energy of the film, which is approximated using the von Kármán plate theory. The second part represents the fracture or delamination energy, which is approximated using the Griffith model of fracture. A simpler model containing the first term alone was previously studied with similar methods by several authors, assuming that the delaminated region is fixed. We include the fracture term, transforming the elastic minimisation into a free boundary problem, and opening the way for patterns which result from the interplay of elasticity and delamination. After rescaling, the energy depends on only two parameters: the rescaled film thickness, σ, and a measure of the bonding strength between the film and substrate, γ. We prove upper bounds on the minimum energy of the form σaγb and find that there are four different parameter regimes corresponding to different values of a and b and to different folding patterns of the film. In some cases, the upper bounds are attained by self-similar folding patterns as observed in experiments. Moreover, for two of the four parameter regimes we prove matching, optimal lower bounds
Time-resolved FRET reports FGFR1 dimerization and formation of a complex with its effector PLCγ1.

In vitro and in vivo imaging of protein tyrosine kinase activity requires minimally invasive, molecularly precise optical probes to provide spatiotemporal mechanistic information of dimerization and complex formation with downstream effectors. We present here a construct with genetically encoded, site-specifically incorporated, bioorthogonal reporter that can be selectively labelled with exogenous fluorogenic probes to monitor the structure and function of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC contains a coumermycin-induced artificial dimerizer (GyrB), FGFR1 kinase domain (KD) and a tetracysteine (TC) motif that enables fluorescent labelling with biarsenical dyes FlAsH-EDT2 and ReAsH-EDT2. We generated bimolecular system for time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) studies, which pairs FlAsH-tagged GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC and N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2) domain of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), a downstream effector of FGFR1, fused to mTurquoise fluorescent protein (mTFP). We demonstrated phosphorylation-dependent TR-FRET readout of complex formation between mTFP.nSH2 and GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC. By further application of TR-FRET, we also demonstrated formation of the GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC homodimer by coumermycin-induced dimerization. Herein, we present a spectroscopic FRET approach to facilitate and propagate studies that would provide structural and functional insights for FGFR and other tyrosine kinases
Multiobjective evolutionary optimization of water distribution systems : exploiting diversity with infeasible solutions

This article investigates the computational efficiency of constraint handling in multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithms for water distribution systems. The methodology investigated here encourages the co-existence and simultaneous development including crossbreeding of subpopulations of cost-effective feasible and infeasible solutions based on Pareto dominance. This yields a boundary search approach that also promotes diversity in the gene pool throughout the progress of the optimization by exploiting the full spectrum of non-dominated infeasible solutions. The relative effectiveness of small and moderate population sizes with respect to the number of decision variables is investigated also. The results reveal the optimization algorithm to be efficient, stable and robust. It found optimal and near-optimal solutions reliably and efficiently. The real-world system based optimisation problem involved multiple variable head supply nodes, 29 fire-fighting flows, extended period simulation and multiple demand categories including water loss. The least cost solutions found satisfied the flow and pressure requirements consistently. The cheapest feasible solutions achieved represent savings of 48.1% and 48.2%, for populations of 200 and 1000, respectively, and the population of 1000 achieved slightly better results overall
CityPro : an integrated city-protection collaborative platform

It’s a big challenge to deal with security in a city. Technology advancements are influencing our life, cities are evolving, and modern cities are referring more and more to digital technologies. Currently, a huge amount of standalone independent-systems operate in the city, their goal is to satisfy some business activities, e.g. banking, customs, hospitals, etc. Data collected by these systems represents, if integrated, a key element in any decision making process. This paper   presents a, working, smart collaborative platform to integrate multiple systems to serve the surveillance activities in a city or country. It consists of a collaborative surveillance system, called CityPro. The architecture that we propose is a future vision to protect people and monitor public infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, buildings, etc.; it is designed to deal with and/or prevent abnormal activities like terrorist attacks. CityPro is expected to operate in live-mode by using (intended to use) city adapted IT-infrastructures. At the end of this paper, a typical case study is given, and challenges and future works are also discussed
The relationality in/of teacher–student communication

In mathematics education, student–teacher communication is recognized to constitute an important dimension in/of mathematical learning. Significant effort has been made in recent decades to depart from a focus on the individual in which teachers and student simply use communication to express, to and for others, their private\ud
knowledge or thinking. In this paper, we continue this departure taking as a starting point the observation that (mathematical) communication is possible only when there is a relation with others: Communication is the relation with others. That is, we present a way of thinking about student–teacher communication in which geometrical being-in-the-know is conversationally produced. Using fragments\ud
of elementary classroom conversations involving three-dimensional geometry as a tool to flesh out this theoretical study, we illustrate (a) how being-in-the-knowwith can be recognized in asking and responding to questions involving mathematical concepts and (b) how conversations are then the fine-tuning of being-in-the-know relations in which mathematical ideas can come forth even in those instances where not-being-in-the-know is asserted
Evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark in ATLAS at √s = 7 TeV

This Letter presents evidence for the associated production of a W   boson and a top quark using 2.05 fb[superscript −1] of pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV accumulated with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on the selection of the dileptonic final states with events featuring two isolated leptons, electron or muon, with significant transverse missing momentum and at least one jet. An approach based on boosted decision trees has been developed to improve the discrimination of single top-quark Wt events from background. A template fit to the final classifier distributions is performed to determine the cross-section. The result is incompatible with the background-only hypothesis at the 3.3σ level, the expected sensitivity assuming the Standard Model production rate being 3.4σ. The corresponding cross-section is determined and found to be σ[subscript Wt]=16.8±2.9 (stat)±4.9 (syst) pb, in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. From this result the CKM matrix element |V[subscript tb]| = 1.03[[subscript −0.19][superscript +0.16]] is derived assuming that the Wt production through |V[subscript ts]| and |V[subscript td]| is small.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
SUSY’s Ladder: reframing sequestering at Large Volume

Theories with approximate no-scale structure, such as the Large Volume Scenario, have a distinctive hierarchy of multiple mass scales in between TeV gaugino masses and the Planck scale, which we call SUSY’s Ladder. This is a particular realization of Split Supersymmetry in which the same small parameter suppresses gaugino masses relative to scalar soft masses, scalar soft masses relative to the gravitino mass, and the UV cutoff or string scale relative to the Planck scale. This scenario has many phenomenologically interesting properties, and can avoid dangers including the gravitino problem, flavor problems, and the moduli-induced LSP problem that plague other supersymmetric theories. We study SUSY’s Ladder using a superspace formalism that makes the mysterious cancelations in previous computations manifest. This opens the possibility of a consistent effective field theory understanding of the phenomenology of these scenarios, based on power-counting in the small ratio of string to Planck scales. We also show that four-dimensional theories with approximate no-scale structure enforced by a single volume modulus arise only from two special higher-dimensional theories: five-dimensional supergravity and ten-dimensional type IIB supergravity. This gives a phenomenological argument in favor of ten dimensional ultraviolet physics which is different from standard arguments based on the consistency of superstring theory.United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract Numbers DE-SC00012567 and DE-SC0013999
Areas of worklife as predictors of occupational health - a validation study in two German samples

Background/aim Occupational health largely depends on the perceived fit between the employee\u27s abilities and workplace demands/factors. The Areas of Worklife Scale (AWS) specifies six areas that are particularly relevant in this respect: workload, control, reward, community, fairness, and values. The current article aimed at investigating the factorial structure and the criterion validity of the German translation of the AWS. Methods Data were collected in two samples. In study 1, 1455 public service workers were surveyed using the six areas of worklife and well-being. In study 2, to investigate the well-established relationship between the AWS and burnout, the scale was administered to a nursing sample (N = 443). Results High internal consistencies for all six scales were obtained in both studies. Exploratory as well as confirmatory factor analysis replicated the theoretically assumed six scale structure of the AWS. Evidence of criterion validity was found by multiple linear regression analysis with well-being as dependent measure (study 1). SEM analyses supported the hypothesized relationships between the six AWS dimensions and burnout (study 2). As predicted by Leiter and Maslach (2004, 2009), only some areas were directly associated with the health-related outcomes (well-being and burnout). In line with previous work, workload and values proved to be the most critical areas of worklife. Conclusions The six areas of worklife have been shown to be significant predictors of health-related outcomes. Based on the current studies, the German translation of the AWS can be proposed as a reliable and valid instrument to identify and specify critical work-related areas for occupational health