pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effects of closed immersion filtered water flow velocity on the ablation threshold of bisphenol A polycarbonate during excimer laser machining

A closed flowing thick film filtered water immersion technique ensures a controlled geometry for both the optical interfaces of the flowing liquid film and allows repeatable control of flow-rate during machining. This has the action of preventing splashing, ensures repeatable machining conditions and allows control of liquid flow velocity. To investigate the impact of this technique on ablation threshold, bisphenol A polycarbonate samples have been machined using KrF excimer laser radiation passing through a medium of filtered water flowing at a number of flow velocities, that are controllable by modifying the liquid flow rates. An average decrease in ablation threshold of 7.5% when using turbulent flow velocity regime closed thick film filtered water immersed ablation, compared to ablation using a similar beam in ambient air; however, the use of laminar flow velocities resulted in negligible differences between closed flowing thick film filtered water immersion and ambient air. Plotting the recorded threshold fluence achieved with varying flow velocity showed that an optimum flow velocity of 3.00 m/s existed which yeilded a minimum ablation threshold of 112 mJ/cm2. This is attributed to the distortion of the ablation plume effected by the flowing immersion fluid changing the ablation mechanism: at laminar flow velocities Bremsstrahlung attenuation decreases etch rate, at excessive flow velocities the plume is completely destroyed, removing the effect of plume etching. Laminar flow velocity regime ablation is limited by slow removal of debris causing a non-linear etch rate over ‘n’ pulses which is a result of debris produced by one pulse remaining suspended over the feature for the next pulse. The impact of closed thick film filtered water immersed ablation is dependant upon beam fluence: high fluence beams achieved greater etch efficiency at high flow velocities as the effect of Bremsstrahlung attenuation is removed by the action of the fluid on the plume; low fluences loose efficiency as the beam makes proportionally large fluence losses at it passes through the chamber window and immersion medium
A yeast synthetic network for in-vivo assessment of reverse engineering and modelling.

Systems biology approaches are extensively used to model and reverse engineer gene regulatory networks from experimental data. Conversely, synthetic biology allows ‘‘de novo’’ construction of a regulatory network to seed new functions in the cell. At present, the usefulness and predictive ability of modeling and reverse engineering cannot be assessed and compared rigorously. We built in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a synthetic network, IRMA, for in vivo ‘‘benchmarking’’ of reverse-engineering and modeling approaches. The network is composed of five genes regulating each other through a variety of regulatory interactions; it is negligibly affected by endogenous genes, and it is responsive to small molecules. We measured time series and steady-state expression data after multiple perturbations. These data were used to assess state-of-the-art modeling and reverse-engi- neering techniques. A semiquantitative model was able to capture and predict the behavior of the network. Reverse engineering based on differential equations and Bayesian networks correctly inferred regulatory interactions from the experimental data
Herschel/pacs survey of protoplanetary disks in Taurus/auriga - Observations of [OI] and [CII], and far-infrared continuum

The Astrophysical Journal 776.1 (2013): 21 reproduced by permission of the AASThe Herschel Space Observatory was used to observe ∼120 pre-main-sequence stars in Taurus as part of the GASPS Open Time Key project. Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer was used to measure the continuum as well as several gas tracers such as [O I] 63 μm, [O I] 145 μm, [C II] 158 μm, OH, H2O, and CO. The strongest line seen is [O I] at 63 μm. We find a clear correlation between the strength of the [O I] 63 μm line and the 63 μm continuum for disk sources. In outflow sources, the line emission can be up to 20 times stronger than in disk sources, suggesting that the line emission is dominated by the outflow. The tight correlation seen for disk sources suggests that the emission arises from the inner disk (<50 AU) and lower surface layers of the disk where the gas and dust are coupled. The [O I] 63 μm is fainter in transitional stars than in normal Class II disks. Simple spectral energy distribution models indicate that the dust responsible for the continuum emission is colder in these disks, leading to weaker line emission. [C II] 158 μm emission is only detected in strong outflow sources. The observed line ratios of [O I] 63 μm to [O I] 145 μm are in the regime where we are insensitive to the gas-to-dust ratio, neither can we discriminate between shock or photodissociation region emission. We detect no Class III object in [O I] 63 μm and only three in continuum, at least one of which is a candidate debris diskF. Ménard acknowledges financial support from the Milenium Nucleus P10-022-F, funded by the Chilean Government, and by the EU FP7-2011 programme, under Grant Agreement 28440
Search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in 1 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe ATLAS detector at the LHC is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W'), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb−1. No excess above Standard Model expectations is observed. A W' with Sequential Standard Model couplings is excluded at the 95% confidence level for masses up to 2.15 TeVWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3–CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federa Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Search for high-mass states with one lepton plus missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W'. W*), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). No excess beyond standard model expectations is observed. A W' with sequential standard model couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1.49 TeV, and a W* (charged chiral boson) for masses below 1.35 TeV
Latitudinal variability in Jupiter's tropospheric disequilibrium
  species: GeH$_4$, AsH$_3$ and PH$_3$

Jupiter's tropospheric composition is studied using high resolution
spatially-resolved 5-micron observation from the CRIRES instrument at the Very
Large Telescope. The high resolving power (R=96,000) allows us to spectrally
resolve the line shapes of individual molecular species in Jupiter's
troposphere and, by aligning the slit north-south along Jupiter's central
meridian, we are able to search for any latitudinal variability. Despite the
high spectral resolution, we find that there are significant degeneracies
between the cloud structure and aerosol scattering properties that complicate
the retrievals of tropospheric gaseous abundances and limit conclusions on any
belt-zone variability. However, we do find evidence for variability between the
equatorial regions of the planet and the polar regions. Arsine (AsH$_3$) and
phosphine (PH$_3$) both show an enhancement at high latitudes, while the
abundance of germane (GeH$_4$) remains approximately constant. These
observations contrast with the theoretical predictions from Wang et al. (2016)
and we discuss the possible explanations for this difference.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, manuscript accepted for publication in Icaru
Real-time monitoring of wind turbine blade alignment using laser measurement.

The aim of this paper is focused on using laser based metrology techniques to capture the positional changes of wind turbines in service and aligning drivelines in the turbines. In this way the mechanical operation, and therefore the aerodynamic design and loading predictions, of the turbine can be more accurately predicted and thus lead to greater optimization and improved efficiencies.\ud
\ud
In order to perform real-time blade alignment, a laboratory test rig has been created that operates at the typical rotational rates of a wind turbine. This test will be conducted on both the radial misalignment and axial angular misalignment for a range of rotational speeds and torque loads. As such, a relationship for variation in alignment by rotational speed and torque will be determined, as well as presenting a method for real-time analysis of wind turbine blade alignment. Tests will also be conducted showing misalignment, and hence will show when the blade enters a state of requiring re-alignment
Predicting microbial water quality with models : over-arching questions for managing risk in agricultural catchments.

The application of models to predict concentrations of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in environmental systems plays an important role for guiding decision-making associated with the management of microbial water quality. In recent years there has been an increasing demand by policy-makers for models to help inform FIO dynamics in order to prioritise efforts for environmental and human-health protection. However, given the limited evidence-base on which FIO models are built relative to other agricultural pollutants (e.g. nutrients) it is imperative that the end-user expectations of FIO models are appropriately managed. In response, this commentary highlights four over-arching questions associated with: (i) model purpose; (ii) modelling approach; (iii) data availability; and (iv) model application, that must be considered as part of good practice prior to the deployment of any modelling approach to predict FIO behaviour in catchment systems. A series of short and longer-term research priorities are proposed in response to these questions in order to promote better model deployment in the field of catchment microbial dynamics
A firm-level dataset for analyzing entry, exit, employment and R&D expenditures in the UK : 1997-2012.

This data article is related to the research article entitled “Inverted-U relationship between R&D intensity and survival: Evidence on scale and complementarity effects in UK data” (Ugur et al., In press) [1]. It describes the trends in R&D expenditures, employment of R&D personnel and firm entry and exit rates in the UK from 1998 to 2012. We also provide statistics on net employment creation and net R&D investments due to firm entry and exits. In addition, we compute the correlation coefficients between entry and exit rates at the two digit industry level so as to examine whether the correlations are contemporaneous or inter-temporal. Finally, we provide information about the underlying dataset to which secure access is available through UK Data Service Archive 7716 at http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-7716-1
The Human Phenotype Ontology: Semantic Unification of Common and Rare Disease.

Supplemental Data include 7 figures and 41 tables and can be\ud
found with this article online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.020.The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is widely used in the rare disease community for differential diagnostics, phenotype-driven analysis of next-generation sequence-variation data, and translational research, but a comparable resource has not been available for common disease. Here, we have developed a concept-recognition procedure that analyzes the frequencies of HPO disease annotations as identified in over five million PubMed abstracts by employing an iterative procedure to optimize precision and recall of the identified terms. We derived disease models for 3,145 common human diseases comprising a total of 132,006 HPO annotations. The HPO now comprises over 250,000 phenotypic annotations for over 10,000 rare and common diseases and can be used for examining the phenotypic overlap among common diseases that share risk alleles, as well as between Mendelian diseases and common diseases linked by genomic location. The annotations, as well as the HPO itself, are freely available.This work was supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (project 0313911), the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7; grant 602300; SYBIL project), the Raine Clinician Research Fellowship (20140101), and the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (grant APP1055319, which is partnered with FP7 grant 305444). Oregon Health and Science University acknowledges the support of grant 1R24OD011883-01 from the NIH Office of the Director. T.G. was supported by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DE120100508). D.V. was supported in part by the BioMedBridges project funded by Research Infrastructures of the FP7 (grant 284209). H.P. was supported by European Molecular Biology Laboratory Core Funds. This work was supported by the director, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NIH contract 1R24OD011883-01. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the US Government.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Digital evidence, 'absence' of data and ambiguous patterns of reasoning

In this paper we discuss the use of digital data by the Swiss Federal Criminal Court in a recent case of attempted homicide. We use this case to examine drawbacks for the defense when the presentation of scientific evidence is partial, especially when the only perspective mentioned is that of the prosecution. We tackle this discussion at two distinct levels. First, we pursue an essentially non-technical presentation of the topic by drawing parallels between the court's summing up of the case and flawed patterns of reasoning commonly seen in other forensic disciplines, such as DNA and particle traces (e.g., gunshot residues). Then, we propose a formal analysis of the case, using elements of probability and graphical probability models, to justify our main claim that the partial presentation of digital evidence poses a risk to the administration of justice in that it keeps vital information from the defense. We will argue that such practice constitutes a violation of general principles of forensic interpretation as established by forensic science literature and current recommendations by forensic science interest groups (e.g., the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes). Finally, we posit that argument construction and analysis using formal methods can help replace digital evidence appropriately into context and thus support a sound evaluation of the evidence
Subglacial processes on an Antarctic ice stream bed. 1 : Sediment transport and bedform genesis inferred from marine geophysical data

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was funded by Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) UK standard grants NE/G015430/1 and NE/G018677/1. Jamieson was supported by NERC Fellowship NE/J018333/1 and Spagnolo was supported by NERC new investigator grant NE/J004766/1. Underlying data are available by request to Livingstone. This research would not have been possible without the hard work of scientists and crew during research cruises JR59, JR71, JR157 and NBP0201. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank Jeremy Ely for his comments on an earlier draft.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Genome-wide association study with 1000 genomes imputation identifies signals for nine sex hormone-related phenotypes.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is the final version of the article. Available from Nature Publishing Group via the DOI in this record.Genetic factors contribute strongly to sex hormone levels, yet knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms remains incomplete. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified only a small number of loci associated with sex hormone levels, with several reproductive hormones yet to be assessed. The aim of the study was to identify novel genetic variants contributing to the regulation of sex hormones. We performed GWAS using genotypes imputed from the 1000 Genomes reference panel. The study used genotype and phenotype data from a UK twin register. We included 2913 individuals (up to 294 males) from the Twins UK study, excluding individuals receiving hormone treatment. Phenotypes were standardised for age, sex, BMI, stage of menstrual cycle and menopausal status. We tested 7,879,351 autosomal SNPs for association with levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), oestradiol, free androgen index (FAI), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, progesterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone. Eight independent genetic variants reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), with minor allele frequencies of 1.3-23.9%. Novel signals included variants for progesterone (P=7.68 × 10(-12)), oestradiol (P=1.63 × 10(-8)) and FAI (P=1.50 × 10(-8)). A genetic variant near the FSHB gene was identified which influenced both FSH (P=1.74 × 10(-8)) and LH (P=3.94 × 10(-9)) levels. A separate locus on chromosome 7 was associated with both DHEAS (P=1.82 × 10(-14)) and progesterone (P=6.09 × 10(-14)). This study highlights loci that are relevant to reproductive function and suggests overlap in the genetic basis of hormone regulation.We thank Roche Diagnostics Australia Pty Limited, Castle Hill, Australia, who provided support for the analysis of the hormones. We thank the volunteer twins for their participation in the study. Twins UK received funding support from NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (grant to Guys’ and St Thomas’ Hospitals and King’s College London); the Chronic Disease Research Foundation; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé Québec, The Lady Davis Institute, the Jewish General Hospital and Ministère du Développement économique, de l'Innovation et de l'Exportation du Quebec. The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC project grants 1010494, 1048216), and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Research (grant PP2009/028). This work was supported by funding from the Wellcome Trust (092447/Z/10/Z) and Medical Research Council (MC_U106179472)
On the connectivity of Julia sets of meromorphic functions

We prove that every transcendental meromorphic map f with disconnected Julia set has a weakly repelling fixed point. This implies that the Julia set of Newton’s method for finding zeroes of an entire map is connected. Moreover, extending a result of Cowen for holomorphic self-maps of the disc, we show the existence of absorbing domains for holomorphic self-maps of hyperbolic regions, whose iterates tend to a boundary point. In particular, the results imply that periodic Baker domains of Newton’s method for entire maps are simply connected, which solves a well-known open question
Numerical solution of three-dimensional rectangular submerged jets with the evidence of the undisturbed region of flow

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications on 20th September 2016, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10407782.2016.1214494.The evolution of turbulent rectangular submerged free jets has been investigated numerically with a two-dimensional (2D) approach by the present authors and, by using the large eddy simulations (LES) at several Reynolds numbers. The average numerical results confirmed the presence of the undisturbed region of flow (URF) located between the slot exit and the beginning of the potential core region (PCR) previously observed experimentally at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” by Gori and coworkers. The 2D study of the present authors carried out under the conditions previously investigated in the literature, showed that the URF has a self-similar behavior, and proposed a new law for the evolution of the momentum. The present paper extends the LES to three-dimensional (3D) rectangular submerged free jets, in the range from Re = 5,000 to Re = 40,000, showing that the self-similar behavior of URF is also present in the 3D numerical simulations, as well as in the PCR and in the fully developed region (FDR)
Measurement of exclusive γγ→ℓ + ℓ −   production in proton-proton collisions at  √s=7  TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports a measurement of the exclusive γγ→ℓ + ℓ − (ℓ=e,μ)  cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, based on an integrated luminosity of 4.6  fb⁻¹  . For the electron or muon pairs satisfying exclusive selection criteria, a fit to the dilepton acoplanarity distribution is used to extract the fiducial cross-sections. The cross-section in the electron channel is determined to be σ excl. γγ→e + e −  =0.428±0.035(stat.)±0.018(syst.)  pb for a phase-space region with invariant mass of the electron pairs greater than 24 GeV, in which both electrons have transverse momentum p T >12  GeV and pseudorapidity |η|<2.4 . For muon pairs with invariant mass greater than 20 GeV, muon transverse momentum p T >10  GeV and pseudorapidity |η|<2.4 , the cross-section is determined to be σ excl. γγ→μ + μ −  =0.628±0.032(stat.)±0.021(syst.)  pb. When proton absorptive effects due to the finite size of the proton are taken into account in the theory calculation, the measured cross-sections are found to be consistent with the theory prediction
QCD potential as a “Coulomb-plus-linear” potential

AbstractWe show analytically that the QCD potential can be expressed, up to an O(ΛQCD3r2) uncertainty, as the sum of a “Coulomb” potential (with log corrections at short distances) and a linear potential, within an approximation based on perturbative expansion in αS and the renormalon dominance picture. The expansion of VQCD(r) is truncated at O(αSN) (N=6π/(β0αS)), where the term becomes minimal according to the estimate by NLO renormalon, and is studied for N⪢1. Analytic expressions for the linear potential are obtained in some cases