pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is
presented. In a 4.7 fb-1 data sample of proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s) =
7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events consistent with ttbar
production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are
reconstructed. For each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top
quark candidate is calculated. A two b-tag requirement is used in order to
reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these per-event
mass differences yields mt-mtbar = 0.67 +/- 0.61 (stat) +/- 0.41 (syst) GeV,
consistent with CPT invariance.Comment: 6 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 3 figures, 2 tables,
  submitted to Physics Letter B, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2012-06
ALMA reveals a warm and compact starburst around a heavily obscured
  supermassive black hole at z=4.75

We report ALMA Cycle 0 observations at 1.3mm of LESS J033229.4-275619
(XID403), an Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy at $z=4.75$ in the Chandra Deep
Field South hosting a Compton-thick QSO. The source is not resolved in our data
at a resolution of $\sim$0.75 arcsec, placing an upper-limit of 2.5 kpc to the
half-light radius of the continuum emission from heated-dust. After
deconvolving for the beam size, however, we found a $\sim3\sigma$ indication of
an intrinsic source size of $0.27\pm0.08$ arcsec (Gaussian FWHM), which would
correspond to $r_{half}\sim0.9\pm0.3$ kpc. We build the far-IR SED of XID403 by
combining datapoints from both ALMA and Herschel and fit it with a modified
blackbody spectrum. For the first time, we measure the dust temperature
$T_d=58.5\pm5.3$ K in this system, which is comparable to what has been
observed in other high-z submillimeter galaxies. The measured star formation
rate is SFR=$1020\pm150$ $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, in agreement with previous
estimates at lower S/N. Based on the measured SFR and source size, we constrain
the SFR surface density to be $\Sigma_{SFR}>26\;M_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$kpc$^{-2}$
($\sim200\;M_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$kpc$^{-2}$ for $r_{half}\sim0.9$ kpc). The
compactness of this starburst is comparable to what has been observed in other
local and high-z starburst galaxies. If the gas mass measured from previous
[CII] and CO(2-1) observations at low resolution is confined within the same
dust region, assuming $r_{half}\sim0.9\pm0.3$ kpc, this would produce a column
density of $N_H\sim0.3-1.1\times10^{24}$cm$^{-2}$ towards the central SMBH,
similar to the column density of $\approx1.4\times10^{24}$cm$^{-2}$ measured
from the X-rays. Then, in principle, if both gas and dust were confined on
sub-kpc scales, this would be sufficient to produce the observed X-ray column
density without any need of a pc-scale absorber [abridged].Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Nontrivial fixed point in the 4D $\phi^{4}$ lattice model with internal O(N) symmetry

It is shown that the infinite dimensional critical surface of general euclidean lattice actions in a generic four-dimensional scalar field theory with \Phi^4 interactions has a domain of special multicritical points where higher dimensional operators play a special role. Renormalized trajectories of higher derivative continuum field theories with nontrivial interactions are traced back to special ultraviolet stable fixed points on the manifold of multicritical points. These fixed points have an infinite number of relevant directions which identify the universality classes of critical higher derivative field theories. The relevance of the new fixed point structure is discussed within the context of the triviality Higgs mass bound
Summary of Golden Measurements at a $\nu$-Factory

The precision and discovery potential of a neutrino factory based on muon storage rings is summarized. For three-family neutrino oscillations, we analyze how to measure or severely constraint the angle $\theta_{13}$, CP violation, MSW effects and the sign of the atmospheric mass difference $\Delta m^2_{23}$. The appearance of ``wrong-sign muons'' at three reference baselines is considered: 732 km, 3500 km and 7332 km. We exploit the dependence of the signal on the neutrino energy, and include as well realistic background estimations and detection efficiencies. The optimal baseline turns out to be $O$(3000 km)
Decoupling and lepton flavor violation in extra dimension

We discuss the fermion mass hierarchy and the flavor mixings in the fat brane scenario of five dimensional SUSY theory. The decoupling solution of the sfermion mass spectrum can be realized by introducing the vector-like mirror fields in an extra dimension. In this scenario, both the left- and right-handed sleptons can have sizable flavor mixings. We point out that this sizable flavor mixings can induce the suitable magnitude of the muon anomalous magnetic moment ($g_\mu -2$) within the experimental bounds of lepton flavor violating processes
Non-perturbative renormalization constants and light quark masses

We present the results of an extensive non-perturbative calculation of the renormalization constants of bilinear quark operators for the non-perturbatively O(a)-improved Wilson action. The results are obtained at four values of the lattice coupling, by using the RI/MOM and the Ward identities methods. A new non-perturbative renormalization technique, which is based on the study of the lattice correlation functions at short distance in x-space, is also numerically investigated. We then use our non-perturbative determination of the quark mass renormalization constants to compute the values of the strange and the average up/down quark masses. After performing an extrapolation to the continuum limit, we obtain ms^msbar(2 GeV) = (106 +- 2 +- 8) MeV and ml^msbar(2 GeV)=(4.4 +- 0.1 +- 0.4) MeV
Well-poised generation of Ap\'ery-like recursions

The idea to use classical hypergeometric series and, in particular,
well-poised hypergeometric series in diophantine problems of the values of the
polylogarithms has led to several novelties in number theory and neighbouring
areas of mathematics. Here we present a systematic approach to derive
second-order polynomial recursions for approximations to some values of the
Lerch zeta function, depending on the fixed (but not necessarily real)
parameter $\alpha$ satisfying the condition $\Re(\alpha)<1$. Substituting
$\alpha=0$ into the resulting recurrence equations produces the famous
recursions for rational approximations to $\zeta(2)$, $\zeta(3)$ due to
Ap\'ery, as well as the known recursion for rational approximations to
$\zeta(4)$. Multiple integral representations for solutions of the constructed
recurrences are also given.Comment: 8 pages; to appear in the Proceedings of the 7th OPSFA (Copenhagen,
  18--22 August 2003
Multifragmentation in Xe(50A MeV)+Sn Confrontation of theory and data

We compare in detail central collisions Xe(50A MeV) + Sn, recently measured
by the INDRA collaboration, with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model in
order to identify the reaction mechanism which leads to multifragmentation. We
find that QMD describes the data quite well, in the projectile/target region as
well as in the midrapidity zone where also statistical models can be and have
been employed. The agreement between QMD and data allows to use this dynamical
model to investigate the reaction in detail. We arrive at the following
observations: a) the in medium nucleon nucleon cross section is not
significantly different from the free cross section, b) even the most central
collisions have a binary character, c) most of the fragments are produced in
the central collisions and d) the simulations as well as the data show a strong
attractive in-plane flow resembling deep inelastic collisions e) at midrapidity
the results from QMD and those from statistical model calculations agree for
almost all observables with the exception of ${d^2 \sigma \over dZdE}$. This
renders it difficult to extract the reaction mechanism from midrapidity
fragments only. According to the simulations the reaction shows a very early
formation of fragments, even in central collisions, which pass through the
reaction zone without being destroyed. The final transverse momentum of the
fragments is very close to the initial one and due to the Fermi motion. A
heating up of the systems is not observed and hence a thermal origin of the
spectra cannot be confirmed.Comment: figures 1 and 2 changed (no more ps -errors
Electron structure, Zitterbewegung, and the new non-linear Dirac-like
  equation

The recent literature shows a renewed interest, with various independent
approaches, in the classical theories for spin. Considering the possible
interest of those results, at least for the electron case, we purpose in this
paper to explore their physical and mathematical meaning, by the natural and
powerful language of Clifford algebras (which, incidentally, will allow us to
unify those different approaches). In such theories, the ordinary electron is
in general associated to the mean motion of a point-like "constituent" Q, whose
trajectory is a cylindrical helix. We find, in particular, that the object Q
obeys a new, non-linear Dirac-like equation, such that --when averaging over an
internal cycle (which corresponds to linearization)-- it transforms into the
ordinary Dirac equation (valid for the electron as a whole).Comment: LaTeX; 19 pages; this is a corrected version of work appeared partly
  in Hadronic J. 18 (1995) 97 and partly in Phys.Lett. B318 (1993) 48
Effects of closed immersion filtered water flow velocity on the ablation threshold of bisphenol A polycarbonate during excimer laser machining.

This article was published in the journal Applied Surface Science [© Elsevier] and is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.009A closed flowing thick film filtered water immersion technique ensures a controlled geometry\ud
for both the optical interfaces of the flowing liquid film and allows repeatable control of\ud
flow-rate during machining. This has the action of preventing splashing, ensures repeatable\ud
machining conditions and allows control of liquid flow velocity. To investigate the impact of\ud
this technique on ablation threshold, bisphenol A polycarbonate samples have been machined\ud
using KrF excimer laser radiation passing through a medium of filtered water flowing at a\ud
number of flow velocities, that are controllable by modifying the liquid flow rates. An\ud
average decrease in ablation threshold of 7.5% when using turbulent flow velocity regime\ud
closed thick film filtered water immersed ablation, compared to ablation using a similar beam\ud
in ambient air; however, the use of laminar flow velocities resulted in negligible differences\ud
between closed flowing thick film filtered water immersion and ambient air. Plotting the\ud
recorded threshold fluence achieved with varying flow velocity showed that an optimum flow\ud
velocity of 3.00 m/s existed which yeilded a minimum ablation threshold of 112 mJ/cm2. This\ud
is attributed to the distortion of the ablation plume effected by the flowing immersion fluid\ud
changing the ablation mechanism: at laminar flow velocities Bremsstrahlung attenuation\ud
decreases etch rate, at excessive flow velocities the plume is completely destroyed, removing\ud
the effect of plume etching. Laminar flow velocity regime ablation is limited by slow\ud
removal of debris causing a non-linear etch rate over ‘n’ pulses which is a result of debris\ud
produced by one pulse remaining suspended over the feature for the next pulse. The impact of\ud
closed thick film filtered water immersed ablation is dependant upon beam fluence: high\ud
fluence beams achieved greater etch efficiency at high flow velocities as the effect of\ud
Bremsstrahlung attenuation is removed by the action of the fluid on the plume; low fluences\ud
loose efficiency as the beam makes proportionally large fluence losses at it passes through the\ud
chamber window and immersion medium
Functional brain networks before the onset of psychosis: A prospective fMRI study with graph theoretical analysis☆☆☆

Individuals with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) have a risk of developing a psychotic disorder significantly greater than the general population. However, it is not currently possible to predict which ARMS individuals will develop psychosis from clinical assessment alone. Comparison of ARMS subjects who do, and do not, develop psychosis can reveal which factors are critical for the onset of illness. In the present study, 37 patients with an ARMS were followed clinically at least 24 months subsequent to initial referral. Functional MRI data were collected at the beginning of the follow-up period during performance of an executive task known to recruit frontal lobe networks and to be impaired in psychosis. Graph theoretical analysis was used to compare the organization of a functional brain network in ARMS patients who developed a psychotic disorder following the scan (ARMS-T) to those who did not become ill during the same follow-up period (ARMS-NT) and aged-matched controls. The global properties of each group's representative network were studied (density, efficiency, global average path length) as well as regionally-specific contributions of network nodes to the organization of the system (degree, farness-centrality, betweenness-centrality). We focused our analysis on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region known to support executive function that is structurally and functionally impaired in ARMS patients. In the absence of between-group differences in global network organization, we report a significant reduction in the topological centrality of the ACC in the ARMS-T group relative to both ARMS-NT and controls. These results provide evidence that abnormalities in the functional organization of the brain predate the onset of psychosis, and suggest that loss of ACC topological centrality is a potential biomarker for transition to psychosis
Applying the behaviour change technique (BCT) taxonomy v1 : a study of coder training

The present work was carried out as part of the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy project funded by the Medical Research Council via its Methodology panel [G0901474/1]. We are grateful to all trainees, workshop facilitators and expert tutors who participated in the training.We are also grateful to Kate Sheals (KS), Siri Steinmo and Bianca Serwinski for their help in preparing the data for this paper and to Felicity Roberts, Elena Panagiotopoulou and Linda Duffy for their previous work on the projectPeer reviewedPublisher PD
Lepton mixing from the interplay of the alternating group A5 and CP

Assuming three generations of Majorana neutrinos, we study the different
mixing patterns that arise from the non-trivial breaking of the flavor group A5
and CP to the residual symmetries Z3, Z5 or Z2 x Z2 in the charged lepton and
to Z2 x CP in the neutrino sector. All patterns contain only one free parameter
theta and thus mixing angles as well as the Dirac and the two Majorana phases
are strongly correlated. We perform an analytical and a numerical study of all
possible mixing patterns. It turns out that only four patterns can describe the
experimentally measured values of the mixing angles for a particular choice of
theta well. All of them predict trivial Majorana phases, while the Dirac phase
delta is maximal for two patterns and trivial for the two remaining ones. If
delta is maximal, also the atmospheric mixing angle is fixed to be maximal.Comment: 1+26 pages, 1 table, 2 figures; v2: matches version published in JHE
Nuclear structure beyond the neutron drip line: the lowest energy states
  in $^9$He via their T=5/2 isobaric analogs in $^9$Li

The level structure of the very neutron rich and unbound $^9$He nucleus has
been the subject of significant experimental and theoretical study. Many recent
works have claimed that the two lowest energy $^9$He states exist with spins
$J^\pi=1/2^+$ and $J^\pi=1/2^-$ and widths on the order of hundreds of keV.
These findings cannot be reconciled with our contemporary understanding of
nuclear structure. The present work is the first high-resolution study with low
statistical uncertainty of the relevant excitation energy range in the
$^8$He$+n$ system, performed via a search for the T=5/2 isobaric analog states
in $^9$Li populated through $^8$He+p elastic scattering. The present data show
no indication of any narrow structures. Instead, we find evidence for a broad
$J^{\pi}=1/2^+$ state in $^9$He located approximately 3 MeV above the neutron
decay threshold
The equivariant A-twist and gauged linear sigma models on the two-sphere

We study two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ supersymmetric gauged linear
sigma models (GLSM) on the $\Omega$-deformed sphere, $S^2_\Omega$, which is a
one-parameter deformation of the $A$-twisted sphere. We provide an exact
formula for the $S^2_\Omega$ supersymmetric correlation functions using
supersymmetric localization. The contribution of each instanton sector is given
in terms of a Jeffrey-Kirwan residue on the Coulomb branch. In the limit of
vanishing $\Omega$-deformation, the localization formula greatly simplifies the
computation of $A$-twisted correlation functions, and leads to new results for
non-abelian theories. We discuss a number of examples and comment on the
$\epsilon_\Omega$-deformation of the quantum cohomology relations. Finally, we
present a complementary Higgs branch localization scheme in the special case of
abelian gauge groups.Comment: 101 pages plus appendices; v2: minor changes, typos corrected,
  references added; v3: typos correcte
Enhanced time response of 1-in. LaBr3(Ce) crystals by leading edge and
  constant fraction techniques

We have characterized in depth the time response of three detectors equipped
with cylindrical LaBr$_{3}$ (Ce) crystals with dimensions of 1-in. in height
and 1-in. in diameter, and having nominal Ce doping concentration of 5%, 8% and
10%. Measurements were performed at $^{60}$Co and $^{22}$Na {\gamma}-ray
energies against a fast BaF$_{2}$ reference detector. The time resolution was
optimized by the choice of the photomultiplier bias voltage and the fine tuning
of the parameters of the constant fraction discriminator, namely the
zero-crossing and the external delay. We report here on the optimal time
resolution of the three crystals. It is observed that timing properties are
influenced by the amount of Ce doping and the crystal homogeneity. For the
crystal with 8% of Ce doping the use of the ORTEC 935 CFD at very shorts delays
in addition to the Hamamatsu R9779 PMT has made it possible to improve the
LaBr$_{3}$(Ce) time resolution from the best literature value at 60Co photon
energies to below 100 ps.Comment: Article submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
  Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated
  Equipmen
Unified functional network and nonlinear time series analysis for
  complex systems science: The pyunicorn package

We introduce the \texttt{pyunicorn} (Pythonic unified complex network and
recurrence analysis toolbox) open source software package for applying and
combining modern methods of data analysis and modeling from complex network
theory and nonlinear time series analysis. \texttt{pyunicorn} is a fully
object-oriented and easily parallelizable package written in the language
Python. It allows for the construction of functional networks such as climate
networks in climatology or functional brain networks in neuroscience
representing the structure of statistical interrelationships in large data sets
of time series and, subsequently, investigating this structure using advanced
methods of complex network theory such as measures and models for spatial
networks, networks of interacting networks, node-weighted statistics or network
surrogates. Additionally, \texttt{pyunicorn} provides insights into the
nonlinear dynamics of complex systems as recorded in uni- and multivariate time
series from a non-traditional perspective by means of recurrence quantification
analysis (RQA), recurrence networks, visibility graphs and construction of
surrogate time series. The range of possible applications of the library is
outlined, drawing on several examples mainly from the field of climatology.Comment: 28 pages, 17 figure
Supersymmetric Casimir Energy and the Anomaly Polynomial

We conjecture that for superconformal field theories in even dimensions, the
supersymmetric Casimir energy on a space with topology $S^1\times S^{D-1}$ is
equal to an equivariant integral of the anomaly polynomial. The equivariant
integration is defined with respect to the Cartan subalgebra of the global
symmetry algebra that commutes with a given supercharge. We test our proposal
extensively by computing the supersymmetric Casimir energy for large classes of
superconformal field theories, with and without known Lagrangian descriptions,
in two, four and six dimensions.Comment: 59 pages, 1 figure, v2: minor improvements, ref adde
Saddle point inflation from $f(R)$ theory

We analyse several saddle point inflationary scenarios based on power-law
$f(R)$ models. We investigate inflation resulting from $f(R) = R + \alpha_n
M^{2(1-n)}R^n + \alpha_{n+1}M^{-2n}R^{n+1}$ and $f(R) = \sum_n^l \alpha_n
M^{2(1-n)} R^n$ as well as $l\to\infty$ limit of the latter. In all cases we
have found relation between $\alpha_n$ coefficients and checked consistency
with the PLANCK data as well as constraints coming from the stability of the
models in question. Each of the models provides solutions which are both stable
and consistent with PLANCK data, however only in parts of the parameter space
where inflation starts on the plateau of the potential, some distance from the
saddle. And thus all the correct solutions bear some resemblance to the
Starobinsky model.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
'I don't think I ever had food poisoning' :
                    A practice-based approach to understanding foodborne disease that originates in the home

?? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).Food stored, prepared, cooked and eaten at home contributes to foodborne disease which, globally, presents a significant public health burden. The aim of the study reported here was to investigate, analyse and interpret domestic kitchen practices in order to provide fresh insight about how the domestic setting might influence food safety. Using current theories of practice meant the research, which drew on qualitative and ethnographic methods, could investigate people and material things in the domestic kitchen setting whilst taking account of people's actions, values, experiences and beliefs. Data from 20 UK households revealed the extent to which kitchens are used for a range of nonfood related activities and the ways that foodwork extends beyond the boundaries of the kitchen. The youngest children, the oldest adults and the family pets all had agency in the kitchen, which has implications for preventing foodborne disease. What was observed, filmed and photographed was not a single practice but a series of entangled encounters and actions embedded and repeated, often inconsistently, by the individuals involved. Households derived logics and principles about foodwork that represented rules of thumb about 'how things are done' that included using the senses and experiential knowledge when judging whether food is safe to eat. Overall, food safety was subsumed within the practice of 'being' a household and living everyday life in the kitchen. Current theories of practice are an effective way of understanding foodborne disease and offer a novel approach to exploring food safety in the home