pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Bayesian framework for power network planning under uncertainty.

Effective transmission expansion planning is necessary to ensure a power system can satisfy all demand both reliably and economically. However, at the time reinforcement decisions are made many elements of the future system background are uncertain, such as demand level, type and location of installed generators, and plant availability statistics. Making decisions which account for such uncertainties is presently usually done by considering a small set of plausible scenarios, and the resulting limited coverage of parameter space limits confidence that the resulting decision will be a good one with respect to the real world. This paper presents a methodology which uses statistical emulators to quantify uncertainty in mathematical model outputs for all points at which it has not been evaluated, and hence to control properly uncertainties in the decision process arising from the finite size set of scenarios. The result is a generally applicable approach to network planning under uncertainty, including decision makers’ risk preferences, which scales well with problem size. The approach is demonstrated on a Great Britain test problem, which replicates key features of the model the Transmission Owners use for practical strategic planning studies
Search for a light charged Higgs boson decaying to c s-bar in pp
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for a light charged Higgs boson, originating from the decay of a top
quark and subsequently decaying into a charm quark and a strange antiquark, is
presented. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity
of 19.7 inverse femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8
TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed in the process t
t-bar to W+/- b H-/+ b-bar, where the W boson decays to a lepton (electron or
muon) and a neutrino. The decays lead to a final state comprising an isolated
lepton, at least four jets and large missing transverse energy. No significant
deviation is observed in the data with respect to the standard model
predictions, and model-independent upper limits are set on the branching
fraction B(t to H+ b), ranging from 1.2 to 6.5% for a charged Higgs boson with
mass between 90 and 160 GeV, under the assumption that B(H+ to c s-bar) = 100%.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Search for heavy resonances decaying to a $Z$ boson and a photon in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a search for new resonances with mass larger than 250
GeV, decaying to a $Z$ boson and a photon. The dataset consists of an
integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected at
$\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The
$Z$ bosons are identified through their decays either to charged, light, lepton
pairs ($e^+e^-$, $\mu^+\mu^-$) or to hadrons. The data are found to be
consistent with the expected background in the whole mass range investigated
and upper limits are set on the production cross section times decay branching
ratio to $Z\gamma$ of a narrow scalar boson with mass between 250 GeV and 2.75
TeV.Comment: 18 pages plus author list + cover pages (36 pages total), 4 figures,
  0 tables, published in Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2016-02
mTOR inhibitors increase cell viability via autophagy induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress

Unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger an adaptive ER stress\ud
response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the severity of ER stress, either\ud
autophagy-controlled survival or apoptotic cell death can be induced. The molecular mechanisms by\ud
which UPR controls multiple fate decisions have started to emerge. One such molecular mechanism\ud
involves a master regulator of cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which paradoxically\ud
is shown to have pro-apoptotic role by mutually interacting with ER stress response. How the\ud
interconnections between UPR and mTOR influence the dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis activation\ud
is still unclear. Here we make an attempt to explore this problem by using experiments and\ud
mathematical modeling. The effect of perturbed mTOR activity in ER stressed cells was studied on\ud
autophagy and cell viability by using agents causing mTOR pathway inhibition (such as rapamycin\ud
or metyrapone). We observed that mTOR inhibition led to an increase in cell viability and was\ud
accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity. It was also shown that autophagy was activated\ud
under conditions of severe ER stress but that in the latter phase of stress it was inhibited at the time\ud
of apoptosis activation. Our mathematical model shows that both the activation threshold and temporal\ud
dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis inducers are sensitive to variation in mTOR activity.\ud
These results confirm that autophagy has cytoprotective role and is activated in mutually exclusive\ud
manner with respect to ER stress levels
Moss stable isotopes (carbon-13, oxygen-18) and testate amoebae reflect environmental inputs and microclimate along a latitudinal gradient on the Antarctic Peninsula.

PublishedJOURNAL ARTICLEThis is an open access article.The stable isotope compositions of moss tissue water (δ(2)H and δ(18)O) and cellulose (δ(13)C and δ(18)O), and testate amoebae populations were sampled from 61 contemporary surface samples along a 600-km latitudinal gradient of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) to provide a spatial record of environmental change. The isotopic composition of moss tissue water represented an annually integrated precipitation signal with the expected isotopic depletion with increasing latitude. There was a weak, but significant, relationship between cellulose δ(18)O and latitude, with predicted source water inputs isotopically enriched compared to measured precipitation. Cellulose δ(13)C values were dependent on moss species and water content, and may reflect site exposure to strong winds. Testate amoebae assemblages were characterised by low concentrations and taxonomic diversity, with Corythion dubium and Microcorycia radiata types the most cosmopolitan taxa. The similarity between the intra- and inter-site ranges measured in all proxies suggests that microclimate and micro-topographical conditions around the moss surface were important determinants of proxy values. Isotope and testate amoebae analyses have proven value as palaeoclimatic, temporal proxies of climate change, whereas this study demonstrates that variations in isotopic and amoeboid proxies between microsites can be beyond the bounds of the current spatial variability in AP climate.The research was funded by the NERC Antarctic Funding Initiative Grant NE/H014896/ to D. J. C., P. C., D. A. H. and H. G.; P. C., D. A. H. and J. R. contribute to the BAS Polar Science for Planet Earth research programme. Carbon isotope analyses were undertaken by Chris Kendrick at the NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory. Sample collection was supported by HMS Protector and HMS Endurance. Thanks to Iain Rudkin and Ashly Fusiarski for fieldwork support, to Adrian Dahood for water sample collection and to Sue Rouillard in the University of Exeter Geography drawing office for Fig. 1
Inclusive search for a vector-like T quark with charge 2/3 in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search is performed for a massive new vector- like quark T, with charge 2/3, that is pair produced together with its antiparticle in proton–proton collisions. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 at √s = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb −1. The T quark is assumed to decay into three different final states, bW, tZ, and tH. The search is carried out using events with at least one isolated lepton. No deviations from standard model expectations are observed, and lower limits are set on the T quark mass at 95% confidence level. The lower limit lies between 687 and 782 GeV for all possible values of the branching fractions into the three different final states assuming strong production. These limits are the most stringent constraints to date on the existence of such a quark
Planck intermediate results. XII. Diffuse Galactic components in the Gould Belt System

20 pages, 14 figures, submitted to A&AWe perform an analysis of the diffuse low-frequency Galactic components in the Southern part of the Gould Belt system ($130^\circ\leq l\leq 230^\circ$ and $-50^\circ\leq b\leq -10^\circ$). Strong UV flux coming from the Gould Belt super-association is responsible for bright diffuse foregrounds that we observe from our position inside the system and that can help us improve our knowledge of the Galactic emission. Free-free emission and anomalous microwave emission (AME) are the dominant components at low frequencies ($\nu < 40 $GHz), while synchrotron emission is very smooth and faint. We separate diffuse free-free emission and AME from synchrotron emission and thermal dust emission by using Planck data, complemented by ancillary data, using the "Correlated Component Analysis" (CCA) component separation method and we compare with the results of cross-correlation of foreground templates with the frequency maps. We estimate the electron temperature $T_{\rm e}$ from H$\alpha$ and free-free emission using two methods (temperature-temperature plot and cross-correlation) and we consistently obtain $T_{\rm e}$ ranging from 7000 to 2000 K for a dust absorption fraction of $f_{\rm d}=0$--0.5. We estimate the frequency spectrum of the diffuse AME and we recover a peak frequency (in flux density units) of $25.5\pm 1.5$ GHz. We verify the reliability of this result with realistic simulations that include the presence of biases in the spectral model for the AME and in the free-free template. By combining physical models for vibrational and rotational dust emission and adding the constraints from the thermal dust spectrum from Planck and IRAS we are able to get a good description of the frequency spectrum of the AME for plausible values of the local density and radiation field
mTOR inhibition increases cell viability via autophagy induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress - An experimental and modeling study

Unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger an adaptive ER stress response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the severity of ER stress, either autophagy-controlled survival or apoptotic cell death can be induced. The molecular mechanisms by which UPR controls multiple fate decisions have started to emerge. One such molecular mechanism involves a master regulator of cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which paradoxically is shown to have pro-apoptotic role by mutually interacting with ER stress response. How the interconnections between UPR and mTOR influence  the dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis activation is still unclear. Here we make an attempt to explore this problem by using experiments and mathematical modeling. The effect of perturbed mTOR activity in ER stressed cells was studied  on autophagy and cell viability by using agents causing mTOR pathway inhibition (such as rapamycin or metyrapone). We observed that mTOR inhibition led to an increase in cell viability and was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity. It was also shown that autophagy was activated under conditions of severe ER stress but that in the latter phase of stress it was inhibited at the time of apoptosis activation. Our mathematical model shows that both the activation threshold and temporal dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis inducers are sensitive to variation in mTOR activity. These results confirm that autophagy has cytoprotective role and is activated in mutually exclusive manner with respect to ER stress levels
Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity
Baltic Sea nutrient reduction : what should we aim for?

Nutrient load reductions are needed to improve the state of the Baltic Sea, but it is still under debate how they should be implemented. In this paper, we use data from an environmental valuation study conducted in all nine Baltic Sea states to investigate public preferences of relevance to three of the involved decision-dimensions: First, the roles of nitrogen versus phosphorus reductions causing different eutrophication
effects; second, the role of time e the lag between actions to reduce nutrient loads and perceived improvements; and third; the spatial dimension and the roles of actions targeting the coastal and open sea environment and different sub-basins. Our findings indicate that respondents view and value the Baltic Sea environment as a whole, and are not focussed only on their local sea area, or a particular aspect of water quality. We argue that public preferences concerning these three perspectives should be one of the factors guiding marine policy. This requires considering the entire range of
eutrophication effects, in coastal and open sea areas, and including long-term and short-term measures201
Planck intermediate results

International audienceWe present the scaling relation between Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and stellar mass          for almost 260,000 locally brightest galaxies (LBGs) selected from the Sloan Digital Sky          Survey (SDSS). These are predominantly the central galaxies of their dark matter halos. We          calibrate the stellar-to-halo mass conversion using realistic mock catalogues based on the          Millennium Simulation. Applying a multi-frequency matched filter to the Planck          data for each LBG, and averaging the results in bins of stellar mass, we measure          the mean SZ signal down to            M∗ ~ 2 × 1011 M⊙,          with a clear indication of signal at even lower stellar mass. We derive the scaling          relation between SZ signal and halo mass by assigning halo properties from our mock          catalogues to the real LBGs and simulating the Planck observation          process. This relation shows no evidence for deviation from a power law over a halo mass          range extending from rich clusters down to            M500 ~ 2 × 1013 M⊙,          and there is a clear indication of signal down to            M500 ~ 4 × 1012 M⊙.            Planck’s SZdetections in such low-mass halos imply that about a quarter          of all baryons have now been seen in the form of hot halo gas, and that this gas must be          less concentrated than the dark matter in such halos in order to remain consistent with          X-ray observations. At the high-mass end, the measured SZ signal is 20% lower than found          from observations of X-ray clusters, a difference consistent with the magnitude of          Malmquist bias effects that were previously estimated for the X-ray sample
Cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins function in intracellular iron sensing and trafficking via their bound iron-sulfur cluster.

International audienceIron is an essential nutrient for cells. It is unknown how iron, after its import into the cytosol, is specifically delivered to iron-dependent processes in various cellular compartments. Here, we identify an essential function of the conserved cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins Grx3 and Grx4 in intracellular iron trafficking and sensing. Depletion of Grx3/4 specifically impaired all iron-requiring reactions in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus, including the synthesis of Fe/S clusters, heme, and di-iron centers. These defects were caused by impairment of iron insertion into proteins and iron transfer to mitochondria, indicating that intracellular iron is not bioavailable, despite highly elevated cytosolic levels. The crucial task of Grx3/4 is mediated by a bridging, glutathione-containing Fe/S center that functions both as an iron sensor and in intracellular iron delivery. Collectively, our study uncovers an important role of monothiol glutaredoxins in cellular iron metabolism, with a surprising connection to cellular redox and sulfur metabolisms
Statistical effects of dose deposition in track-structure modeling of radiobiology efficiency

International audienceIon-induced cell killing has been reported to depend on irradiation dose but also projectile parameters. In this paper we focus on two approaches developed and extensively used to predict cell survival in response to ion irradiation: the Local Effect Model and the Katz Model. These models are based on a track-structure description summarized in the concept of radial dose. This latter is sensitive to ion parameters and gives to both models the ability to predict some important radiobiological features for ion irradiations. Radial dose is however an average quantity, which does not include stochastic effects. These radiation-intrinsic effects are investigated by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation of dose deposition. We show that both models are not fully consistent with the nanometric and microscopic dose deposition statistics
The Herschel Virgo Cluster          Survey
 : 
XVIII. Star-forming dwarf galaxies in a cluster environment

International audienceTo assess the effects of the cluster environment on the different components of the          interstellar medium, we analyse the far-infrared (FIR) and submillimetre (submm)          properties of a sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies detected by the Herschel          Virgo Cluster Survey (HeViCS). We determine dust masses and dust temperatures by          fitting a modified black body function to the spectral energy distributions (SEDs).          Stellar and gas masses, star formation rates (SFRs), and metallicities are obtained from          the analysis of a set of ancillary data. Dust is detected in 49 out of a total 140          optically identified dwarfs covered by the HeViCS field; considering only dwarfs brighter          than mB = 18 mag, this gives          a detection rate of 43%. After evaluating different emissivity indices, we find that the          FIR-submm SEDs are best-fit by β = 1.5, with a median dust temperature            Td =            22.4 K. Assuming β = 1.5, 67% of the 23 galaxies detected in all          five Herschel  bands show emission at 500 μm in excess of the          modified black-body model. The fraction of galaxies with a submillimetre excess decreases          for lower values of β, while a similarly high fraction (54%) is found if          a β-free SED          modelling is applied. The excess is inversely correlated with SFR and stellar masses. To          study the variations in the global properties of our sample that come from environmental          effects, we compare the Virgo dwarfs to other Herschel surveys,such as          the Key Insights into Nearby Galaxies: Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel           (KINGFISH), the Dwarf Galaxy Survey (DGS), and the HeViCS Bright Galaxy Catalogue (BGC).          We explore the relations between stellar mass and Hi fraction, specific star          formation rate, dust fraction, gas-to-dust ratio over a wide range of stellar masses (from            107 to            1011 M⊙) for both dwarfs and          spirals. Highly Hi-deficient Virgo dwarf galaxies are mostly characterised by          quenched star formation activity and lower dust fractions giving hints for dust stripping          in cluster dwarfs. However, to explain the large dust-to-gas mass ratios observed in these          systems, we find that the fraction of dust removed has to be less than that of the            Hi component. The cluster environment seems to mostly affect the gas component          and star formation activity of the dwarfs. Since the Virgo star-forming dwarfs are likely          to be crossing the cluster for the first time, a longer timescale might be necessary to          strip the more centrally concentrated dust distribution
GENERATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE CHROMOSPHERE VIA NEUTRAL–ION DRAG

International audienceWe consider the generation of electric currents in the solar chromosphere where the ionization level is typically low. We show that ambient electrons become magnetized even for weak magnetic fields (30 G); that is, their gyrofre-quency becomes larger than the collision frequency while ion motions continue to be dominated by ion–neutral collisions. Under such conditions, ions are dragged by neutrals, and the magnetic field acts as if it is frozen-in to the dynamics of the neutral gas. However, magnetized electrons drift under the action of the electric and magnetic fields induced in the reference frame of ions moving with the neutral gas. We find that this relative motion of electrons and ions results in the generation of quite intense electric currents. The dissipation of these currents leads to resistive electron heating and efficient gas ionization. Ionization by electron–neutral impact does not alter the dynamics of the heavy particles; thus, the gas turbulent motions continue even when the plasma becomes fully ionized, and resistive dissipation continues to heat electrons and ions. This heating process is so efficient that it can result in typical temperature increases with altitude as large as 0.1–0.3 eV km −1. We conclude that this process can play a major role in the heating of the chromosphere and corona
The human core of the shared socioeconomic pathways: Population scenarios by age, sex and level of education for all countries to 2100

This paper applies the methods of multi-dimensional mathematical demography to project national populations based on alternative assumptions on future, fertility, mortality, migration and educational transitions that correspond to the five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) storylines. In doing so it goes a significant step beyond past population scenarios in the IPCC context which considered only total population size. By differentiating the human population not only by age and sex -- as is conventionally done in demographic projections -- but also by different levels of educational attainment the most fundamental aspects of human development and social change are being explicitly addressed through modeling the changing composition of populations by these three important individual characteristics. The scenarios have been defined in a collaborative effort of the international Integrated Assessment Modeling community with the medium scenario following that of a major new effort by the Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, OEAW, WU) involving over 550 experts from around the world. As a result, in terms of total world population size the trajectories resulting from the five SSPs stay very close to each other until around 2030 and by the middle of the century already a visible differentiation appears with the range between the highest (SSP3) and the lowest (SSP1) trajectories spanning 1.5 billion. The range opens up much more with the SSP3 reaching 12.6 billion in 2100 and SSP1 falling to 6.9 billion which is lower than today's world population