pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial self-alignment: A new route to hybrid active plasmonic nanostructures

Concepts of lateral ordering of epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are for the first time transferred to hybrid nanostructures for active plasmonics. We review our recent research on the self-alignment of epitaxial nanocrystals of In and Ag on ordered one-dimensional In(Ga)As QD arrays and isolated QDs by molecular beam epitaxy. By changing the growth conditions the size and density of the metal nanocrystals are easily controlled and the surface plasmon resonance wavelength is tuned over a wide range in order to match the emission wavelength of the QDs. Photoluminescence measurements reveal large enhancement of the emitted light intensity due to plasmon enhanced emission and absorption down to the single QD level
Passive design strategies and performance of Net Energy Plus Houses

The first step in order to comply with the European Union goals of Near to Zero Energy Buildings is to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Most of the building consumption is related to the use of active systems to maintain the interior comfort. Passive design strategies contribute to improve the interior comfort conditions, increasing the energy efficiency in buildings and reducing their energy consumption. In this work, an analysis of the passive strategies used in Net Energy Plus Houses has been made. The participating houses of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition were used as case studies. The passive design strategies of these houses were compared with the annual simulations, and the competition monitored data, especially during the Passive Monitored Period. The analysis included the thermal properties of the building envelope, geometric parameters, ratios and others passive solutions such as Thermal Energy Storage systems, evaporative cooling, night ventilation, solar gains and night sky radiation cooling. The results reflect the impact of passive design strategies on the houses' comfort and efficiency, as well as their influence in helping to achieve the Zero Energy Buildings category
Analysis of the behavior of multijunction solar cells under high irradiance Gaussian light profiles showing chromatic aberration with emphasis on tunnel junction performance

In this work, we explain the behavior of multijunction solar cells under non-uniform (spatially and in spectral content) light profiles in general and in particular when Gaussian light profiles cause a photo-generated current density, which exceeds locally the peak current density of the tunnel junction. We have analyzed the implications on the tunnel junction's limitation, that is, in the loss of efficiency due to the appearance of a dip in the I–V curve. For that, we have carried out simulations with our three-dimensional distributed model for multijunction solar cells, which contemplates a full description of the tunnel junction and also takes into account the lateral resistances in the tunnel junction. The main findings are that the current density photo-generated spreads out through the lateral resistances of the device, mainly through the tunnel junction layers and the back contact. Therefore, under non-uniform light profiles these resistances are determinant not only to avoid the tunnel junction's limitation but also for mitigating losses in the fill factor. Therefore, taking into account these lateral resistances could be the key for jointly optimizing the concentrator photovoltaic system (concentrator optics, front grid layout and semiconductor structure
Priori information and sliding window based prediction algorithm for energy-efficient storage systems in cloud

One of the major challenges in cloud computing and data centers is the energy conservation and emission reduction. Accurate prediction algorithms are essential for building energy efficient storage systems in cloud computing. In this paper, we first propose a Three-State Disk Model (3SDM), which can describe the service quality and energy consumption states of a storage system accurately. Based on this model, we develop a method for achieving energy conservation without losing quality by skewing the workload among the disks to transmit the disk states of a storage system. The efficiency of this method is\ud
highly dependent on the accuracy of the information predicting the blocks to be accessed and the blocks not be accessed in the near future. We develop a priori information and sliding window based prediction (PISWP) algorithm by taking advantage of the priori information about human behavior and selecting suitable size of sliding window. The PISWP method targets at streaming media applications, but we also check its efficiency on other two applications, news in webpage and new tool released. Disksim, an established storage system simulator, is applied in our experiments to verify the effect of our method for various users’ traces. The results show that this prediction method can bring a high degree energy saving for storage systems in cloud computing environment
Social Rent Housing Refurbishment Demonstrator of LIFE Project “New4Old” (LIFE10 ENV/ES/439)

This ecoefficient renovation of two buildings of social housing for rent\ud
 is located in the historic center of Zaragoza and has been carried out among 2013\ud
 and 2015. It emerges from the conclusions and strategies developed for the NewSolutions4OldHousing project (LIFE10 ENV / ES / 439), funded by the European\ud
 Commission. \ud
\ud
The general objective of LIFE project is to define the most appropriate\ud
 methodology for the rehabilitation of social housing with criteria of energy and\ud
 environmental sustainability and application of innovative technologies to combat\ud
 climate change. The application of passive strategies in the refurbishment of these\ud
 Demonstrator Buildings has helped to achieve thermal and lighting comfort with\ud
 less energy-consumption, with savings above 70% in demand and about 25% in\ud
 real consumption. These data are particularly relevant when the residents are\ud
 renters with very limited incomes, vulnerable to problems such as energy poverty.\ud
\ud
Therefore, the proposed action serves to improve the passive behaviour of the\ud
 building and to achieve greater thermal and lighting comfort and liability without\ud
increasing the financial costs related to energy consumption
Towards a philosophy of academic publishing

This article is concerned with developing a philosophical approach to a number of significant changes to academic publishing, and specifically the global journal knowledge system wrought by a range of new digital technologies that herald the third age of the journal as an electronic, interactive and mixed-media form of scientific communication. The paper emerges from an Editors\u27 Collective, a small New Zealand-based organisation comprised of editors and reviewers of academic journals mostly in the fields of education and philosophy. The paper is the result of a collective writing process
The impact of Puritan ideology on aspects of project management

This paper examines the impact of Puritan ideology on various aspects of project management. By using a memetic approach to project management research, this paper traces the development of the ethos or spirit of project management from its Puritan origins. It argues that contrary to traditional thinking, project management has developed against a background of Puritan elements (memes) that are favourable to the development of capitalism. Moreover, it is suggested that these religious origins continue to impact in a conservative way on how the project management discipline evolves; limiting its development, oversimplifying the process of managing people, and consequentially thwarting nonconformists
Three-dimensional virtual planning of corrective osteotomies of distal radius malunions: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The purpose of this study was to summarize and evaluate results of three-dimensional (3D-) planned corrective osteotomies of malunited distal radius fractures. 3D-planning techniques provide the possibility to address 3D-deformity that conventional planning methods might not address. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library for studies that performed a 3D-planned corrective osteotomy on patients with a malunited distal radius fracture. Fifteen studies with a total of 68 patients were included in the analysis. In 96% of cases, the preoperatively present palmar tilt, radial inclination and ulnar variance showed statistically significant improvement postoperatively with restoration to within 5° or 2 mm of their normal values. Mean flexion–extension, pro-supination and grip strength showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05). Complications were reported in 11 out of 68 patients (16%). With the current advances in 3D printing technology, 3D-planned corrective osteotomies seem a promising technique in the treatment of complex distal radius malunions. Level of evidence IV Systematic review of case series, Level IV
HERMES: Towards an Integrated Toolbox to Characterize Functional and Effective Brain Connectivity

The analysis of the interdependence between time series has become an important field of research in the last years, mainly as a result of advances in the characterization of dynamical systems from the signals they produce, the introduction of concepts such as generalized and phase synchronization and the application of information theory to time series analysis. In neurophysiology, different analytical tools stemming from these concepts have added to the ‘traditional’ set of linear methods, which includes the cross-correlation and the coherency function in the time and frequency domain, respectively, or more elaborated tools such as Granger Causality. This increase in the number of approaches to tackle the existence of functional (FC) or effective connectivity (EC) between two (or among many) neural networks, along with the mathematical complexity of the corresponding time series analysis tools, makes it desirable to arrange them into a unified-easy-to-use software package. The goal is to allow neuroscientists, neurophysiologists and researchers from related fields to easily access and make use of these analysis methods from a single integrated toolbox. Here we present HERMES (http://hermes.ctb.upm.es), a toolbox for the Matlab® environment (The Mathworks, Inc), which is designed to study functional and effective brain connectivity from neurophysiological data such as multivariate EEG and/or MEG records. It includes also visualization tools and statistical methods to address the problem of multiple comparisons. We believe that this toolbox will be very helpful to all the researchers working in the emerging field of brain connectivity analysis
Compatible solutes of organisms that live in hot saline environments

The accumulation of organic solutes is a prerequisite for osmotic adjustment of all microorganisms. Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms generally accumulate very unusual compatible solutes namely, di-myo-inositol-phosphate, di-mannosyl-di-myo-­inositol-phosphate, di-glycerol-phosphate, mannosylglycerate and mannosylglyceramide, which have not been identified in bacteria or archaea that grow at low and moderate temperatures. There is also a growing awareness that some of these compatible solutes may have a role in the protection of cell components against thermal denaturation. Mannosylglycerate and di-glycerol-phosphate have been shown to protect enzymes and proteins from thermal denaturation in vitro as well, or better, than compatible solutes from mesophiles. The pathways leading to the synthesis of some of these compatible solutes from thermophiles and hyperthermophiles have been elucidated. However, large numbers of questions remain unanswered. Fundamental and applied interest in compatible ­solutes and osmotic adjustment in these organisms, drives research that, will, in the near future, allow us to understand the role of compatible solutes in osmotic protection and thermoprotection of some of the most fascinating organisms known on Earth.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00335.
Temperature Dependence of Ultra-Exothermic Charge Recombinations13

We measured the temperature dependence (from +32 to -50 °C) of charge-recombination rates between contact radical ion pairs in isopropyl ether. In the systems selected for this study, aromatic hydrocarbon cations are the electron acceptors and the fumaronitrile anion is the electron donor. Nearly quantitative electron transfers occur at all temperatures. The charge recombinations have excess exothermicities of -60 kcal mol-1 and exhibit a very weak temperature dependence. Our observations emphasize the absence of solvent effects and the relevance of nuclear tunneling in charge recombinations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.20060046
Simultaneous evaluation of viability and Bcl-2 in small-cell lung cancer

When designing molecular targeted therapeutic strategies against cancer, it is important to correlate protein expression and cell viability. However, such goal can be difficult if performed in separate assays, especially when only a fraction of cells has been efficiently transfected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish a flow cytometry procedure to assess simultaneously Bcl-2 protein level and viability in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Viability assessment was performed by staining cells with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). Intracellular detection of Bcl-2 was carried out by immunodetection with monoclonal antibodies. Regarding viability determination, the FSC/7-AAD plot identifies the same percentage of viable cells as the FSC/Annexin V-FITC plot, although with greater sensitivity. The procedures involving cells' fixation with 1% paraformaldehyde and permeabilization with digitonin, required for intracellular Bcl-2 immunostaining did not compromise the association of 7-ADD (nor Annexin V-FITC) previously incubated with SCLC cells. It was therefore possible to simultaneously assess cell viability and Bcl-2 protein in SCLC cells. A simple, sensitive, and versatile procedure was established for the first time for the simultaneous evaluation of cell viability and intracellular detection of Bcl-2 in SCLC. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometryhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.2063
Characterization of Polyphosphoesters by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

FT-ICR mass spectrometry, together with collision-induced dissociation and electron capture dissociation, has been used to characterize the polyphosphoester poly[1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate-alt-ethyloxyphosphate] and its degradation products. Three degradation pathways 
were elucidated: hydrolysis of the phosphate–[1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate]bonds; hydrolysis of the phosphate–ethoxy bonds; and hydrolysis of the ethyl–terephthalate bonds. The dominant degradation reactions were those that involved the phosphate groups. This work constitutes the first application of mass spectrometry to the characterization of polyphosphoesters and demonstrates the suitability of high mass accuracy FT-ICR mass spectrometry, with CID and ECD, for the structural analysis of polyphosphoesters and their degradation products
Nonequilibrium phase transition in a model for the propagation of
  innovations among economic agents

We characterize the different morphological phases that occur in a simple
one-dimensional model of propagation of innovations among economic agents [X.\
Guardiola, {\it et. al.}, Phys. Rev E {\bf 66}, 026121 (2002)]. We show that
the model can be regarded as a nonequilibrium surface growth model. This allows
us to demonstrate the presence of a continuous roughening transition between a
flat (system size independent fluctuations) and a rough phase (system size
dependent fluctuations). Finite-size scaling studies at the transition strongly
suggest that the dynamic critical transition does not belong to directed
percolation and, in fact, critical exponents do not seem to fit in any of the
known universality classes of nonequilibrium phase transitions. Finally, we
present an explanation for the occurrence of the roughening transition and
argue that avalanche driven dynamics is responsible for the novel critical
behavior
Feedback control of coherent spin states using weak nondestructive
  measurements

We consider the decoherence of a pseudo-spin ensemble under collective random
rotations, and study, both theoretically and experimentally, how a
nondestructive measurement combined with real-time feedback correction can
protect the state against such a decoherence process. We theoretically
characterize the feedback efficiency with different parameters --- coherence,
entropy, fidelity --- and show that a maximum efficiency is reached in the weak
measurement regime, when the projection of the state induced by the measurement
is negligible. This article presents in detail the experimental results
published in [Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{110}, 210503 (2013)], where the feedback
scheme stabilizes coherent spin states of trapped ultra-cold atoms, and
nondestructively probed with a dispersive optical detection. In addition, we
study the influence of several parameters, such as atom number and rotation
angle, on the performance of the method. We analyze the various decoherence
sources limiting the feedback efficiency and propose how to mitigate their
effect. The results demonstrate the potential of the method for the real-time
coherent control of atom interferometers
Horizon shells and BMS-like soldering transformations

We revisit the theory of null shells in general relativity, with a particular emphasis on null shells placed at horizons of black holes. We study in detail the considerable freedom that is available in the case that one solders two metrics together across null hypersurfaces (such as Killing horizons) for which the induced metric is invariant under translations along the null generators. In this case the group of soldering transformations turns out to be infinite dimensional, and these solderings create non-trivial horizon shells containing both massless matter and impulsive gravitational wave components. We also rephrase this result in the language of Carrollian symmetry groups. To illustrate this phenomenon we discuss in detail the example of shells on the horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole (with equal interior and exterior mass), uncovering a rich classical structure at the horizon and deriving an explicit expression for the general horizon shell energy-momentum tensor. In the special case of BMS-like soldering supertranslations we find a conserved shell-energy that is strikingly similar to the standard expression for asymptotic BMS supertranslation charges, suggesting a direct relation between the physical properties of these horizon shells and the recently proposed BMS supertranslation hair of a black hole
Theory of intermittency applied to classical pathological cases

The classical theory of intermittency developed for return maps assumes uniform density of points reinjected from the chaotic to laminar region. Though it works fine in some model systems, there exist a number of so-called pathological cases characterized by a significant deviation of main characteristics from the values predicted on the basis of the uniform distribution. Recently, we reported on how the reinjection probability density (RPD) can be generalized. Here, we extend this methodology and apply it to different dynamical systems exhibiting anomalous type-II and type-III intermittencies. Estimation of the universal RPD is based on fitting a linear function to experimental\ud
data and requires no a priori knowledge on the dynamical model behind. We provide special fitting procedure that enables robust estimation of the RPD from relatively short data sets (dozens of points). Thus, the method is applicable for a wide variety of data sets including numerical simulations and real-life experiments. Estimated RPD enables analytic evaluation of the length of\ud
the laminar phase of intermittent behaviors. We show that the method copes well with dynamical systems exhibiting significantly different statistics reported in the literature. We also derive and classify characteristic relations between the mean laminar length and main controlling parameter in perfect agreement with data provided by numerical simulation
Distributed Estimation of Distribution Algorithms for continuous optimization: how does the exchanged information influence their behavior?

One of the most promising areas in which probabilistic graphical models have shown an incipient activity is the field of heuristic optimization and, in particular, in Estimation of Distribution Algorithms. Due to their inherent parallelism, different research lines have been studied trying to improve Estimation of Distribution Algorithms from the point of view of execution time and/or accuracy. Among these proposals, we focus on the so-called distributed or island-based models. This approach defines several islands (algorithms instances) running independently and exchanging information with a given frequency. The information sent by the islands can be either a set of individuals or a probabilistic model. This paper presents a comparative study for a distributed univariate Estimation of Distribution Algorithm and a multivariate version, paying special attention to the comparison of two alternative methods for exchanging information, over a wide set of parameters and problems ? the standard benchmark developed for the IEEE Workshop on Evolutionary Algorithms and other Metaheuristics for Continuous Optimization Problems of the ISDA 2009 Conference. Several analyses from different points of view have been conducted to analyze both the influence of the parameters and the relationships between them including a characterization of the configurations according to their behavior on the proposed benchmark
BEMOVI, software for extracting behavior and morphology from videos, illustrated with analyses of microbes

Microbes are critical components of ecosystems and provide vital services (e.g., photosynthesis, decomposition, nutrient recycling). From the diverse roles microbes play in natural ecosystems, high levels of functional diversity result. Quantifying this diversity is challenging, because it is weakly associated with morphological differentiation. In addition, the small size of microbes hinders morphological and behavioral measurements at the individual level, as well as interactions between individuals. Advances in microbial community genetics and genomics, flow cytometry and digital analysis of still images are promising approaches. They miss out, however, on a very important aspect of populations and communities: the behavior of individuals. Video analysis complements these methods by providing in addition to abundance and trait measurements, detailed behavioral information, capturing dynamic processes such as movement, and hence has the potential to describe the interactions between individuals. We introduce BEMOVI, a package using the R and ImageJ software, to extract abundance, morphology, and movement data for tens to thousands of individuals in a video. Through a set of functions BEMOVI identifies individuals present in a video, reconstructs their movement trajectories through space and time, and merges this information into a single database. BEMOVI is a modular set of functions, which can be customized to allow for peculiarities of the videos to be analyzed, in terms of organisms features (e.g., morphology or movement) and how they can be distinguished from the background. We illustrate the validity and accuracy of the method with an example on experimental multispecies communities of aquatic protists. We show high correspondence between manual and automatic counts and illustrate how simultaneous time series of abundance, morphology, and behavior are obtained from BEMOVI. We further demonstrate how the trait data can be used with machine learning to automatically classify individuals into species and that information on movement behavior improves the predictive ability