pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Developing Constructs of Anatomy Education Environment Measurement: A Delphi Study

AbstractInadequate anatomical knowledge due to unsatisfactory anatomy education environment has contributed to poor clinical performance among medical graduates. Unfortunately, no specific environment measurement tool is available. Delphi technique was conducted to identify the anatomy education environment components and their items. It involved identification of possible components and their definitions by nine anatomists which were then appraised and verified, getting critical appraisal from five medical educationists, determining suitable items for each component and finally appraised by content experts. Eleven components with 129 items that might represent the anatomy education environment were proposed. Further validation is required to determine its psychometric properties
Fas Ligand Elicits a Caspase-Independent Proinflammatory Response in Human Keratinocytes: Implications for Dermatitis

Fas ligand (FasL) causes apoptosis of epidermal keratinocytes and triggers the appearance of spongiosis in eczematous dermatitis. We demonstrate here that FasL also aggravates inflammation by triggering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in keratinocytes. In HaCaT cells and in reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), FasL triggered a NF-κB-dependent mRNA accumulation of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), chemokines (CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL1/GROα, CXCL3/GROγ, and CXCL8/IL-8), and the adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Oligomerization of Fas was required both for apoptosis and for gene expression. Inhibition of caspase activity abolished FasL-dependent apoptosis; however, it failed to suppress the expression of FasL-induced genes. Additionally, in the presence of caspase inhibitors, but not in their absence, FasL triggered the accumulation of CCL5/RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) mRNA. Our findings identify a novel proinflammatory role of FasL in keratinocytes that is independent of caspase activity and is separable from apoptosis. Thus, in addition to causing spongiosis, FasL may play a direct role in triggering and/or sustaining inflammation in eczemas
Few-body calculations of η-nuclear quasibound states

AbstractWe report on precise hyperspherical-basis calculations of ηNN and ηNNN quasibound states, using energy dependent ηN interaction potentials derived from coupled-channel models of the S11 N⁎(1535) nucleon resonance. The ηN attraction generated in these models is too weak to generate a two-body bound state. No ηNN bound-state solution was found in our calculations in models where ReaηN≲1 fm, with aηN the ηN scattering length, covering thereby the majority of N⁎(1535) resonance models. A near-threshold ηNNN bound-state solution, with η separation energy of less than 1 MeV and width of about 15 MeV, was obtained in the 2005 Green–Wycech model where Re aηN≈1 fm. The role of handling self consistently the subthreshold ηN interaction is carefully studied
Poincaré invariant gravity with local supersymmetry as a gauge theory for the M-algebra

AbstractHere we consider a gravitational action having local Poincaré invariance which is given by the dimensional continuation of the Euler density in ten dimensions. It is shown that the local supersymmetric extension of this action requires the algebra to be the maximal extension of the N=1 super-Poincaré algebra. The resulting action is shown to describe a gauge theory for the M-algebra, and is not the eleven-dimensional supergravity theory of Cremmer–Julia–Scherk. The theory admits a class of vacuum solutions of the form S10−d×Xd+1, where Xd+1 is a warped product of R with a d-dimensional spacetime. It is shown that a nontrivial propagator for the graviton exists only for d=4 and positive cosmological constant. Perturbations of the metric around this solution reproduce linearized General Relativity around four-dimensional de Sitter spacetime
SO(3) monopoles, level-one Seiberg–Witten moduli spaces, and Witten's conjecture in low degrees

AbstractWe prove Witten's formula relating the Donaldson and Seiberg–Witten series modulo powers of degree c+2, with c=−14(7χ+11σ), for four-manifolds obeying some mild conditions, where χ and σ are their Euler characteristic and signature. We use the moduli space of SO(3) monopoles as a cobordism between a link of the Donaldson moduli space of anti-self-dual SO(3) connections and links of the moduli spaces of Seiberg–Witten monopoles. Gluing techniques allow us to compute contributions from Seiberg–Witten moduli spaces lying in the first (or ‘one-bubble’) level of the Uhlenbeck compactification of the moduli space of SO(3) monopoles
Sets of finite perimeter and the Hausdorff–Gauss measure on the Wiener space

AbstractIn Euclidean space, the integration by parts formula for a set of finite perimeter is expressed by the integration with respect to a type of surface measure. According to geometric measure theory, this surface measure is realized by the one-codimensional Hausdorff measure restricted on the reduced boundary and/or the measure-theoretic boundary, which may be strictly smaller than the topological boundary. In this paper, we discuss the counterpart of this measure in the abstract Wiener space, which is a typical infinite-dimensional space. We introduce the concept of the measure-theoretic boundary in the Wiener space and provide the integration by parts formula for sets of finite perimeter. The formula is presented in terms of the integration with respect to the one-codimensional Hausdorff–Gauss measure restricted on the measure-theoretic boundary
Gut Microbiota Orchestrates Energy Homeostasis during Cold

SummaryMicrobial functions in the host physiology are a result of the microbiota-host co-evolution. We show that cold exposure leads to marked shift of the microbiota composition, referred to as cold microbiota. Transplantation of the cold microbiota to germ-free mice is sufficient to increase insulin sensitivity of the host and enable tolerance to cold partly by promoting the white fat browning, leading to increased energy expenditure and fat loss. During prolonged cold, however, the body weight loss is attenuated, caused by adaptive mechanisms maximizing caloric uptake and increasing intestinal, villi, and microvilli lengths. This increased absorptive surface is transferable with the cold microbiota, leading to altered intestinal gene expression promoting tissue remodeling and suppression of apoptosis—the effect diminished by co-transplanting the most cold-downregulated strain Akkermansia muciniphila during the cold microbiota transfer. Our results demonstrate the microbiota as a key factor orchestrating the overall energy homeostasis during increased demand
Anyons with anomalous gyromagnetic ratio and the Hall effect

AbstractLetting the mass depend on the spin-field coupling as M2=m2−(eg/2c2)FαβSαβ, we propose a new set of relativistic planar equations of motion for spinning anyons. Our model can accommodate any gyromagnetic ratio g and provides us with a novel version of the Bargmann–Michel–Telegdi equations in 2+1 dimensions. The system becomes singular when the field takes a critical value, and, for g≠2, the only allowed motions are those which satisfy the Hall law. For each g≠2,0 a secondary Hall effect arises also for another critical value of the field. The nonrelativistic limit of our equations yields new models which generalize our previous “exotic” model, associated with the two-fold central extension of the planar Galilei group
The 'dirty dozen' of freshwater science: detecting then reconciling hydrological data biases and errors\ud

Sound water policy and management rests on sound hydrometeorological and ecological data. Conversely, unrepresentative, poorly collected, or erroneously archived data introduce uncertainty regarding the magnitude, rate, and direction of environmental change, in addition to undermining confidence in decision-making processes. Unfortunately, data biases and errors can enter the information flow at various stages, starting with site selection, instrumentation, sampling/measurement procedures, postprocessing and ending with archiving systems. Techniques such as visual inspection of raw data, graphical representation, and comparison between sites, outlier, and trend detection, and referral to metadata can all help uncover spurious data. Tell-tale signs of ambiguous and/or anomalous data are highlighted using 12 carefully chosen cases drawn mainly from hydrology (‘the dirty dozen’). These include evidence of changes in site or local conditions (due to land management, river regulation, or urbanization); modifications to instrumentation or inconsistent observer behavior; mismatched or misrepresentative sampling in space and time; treatment of missing values, postprocessing and data storage errors. Also for raising awareness of pitfalls, recommendations are provided for uncovering lapses in data quality after the information has been gathered. It is noted that error detection and attribution are more problematic for very large data sets, where observation networks are automated, or when various information sources have been combined. In these cases, more holistic indicators of data integrity are needed that reflect the overall information life-cycle and application(s) of the hydrological data
Broadband Spectral Investigations of SGR J1550-5418 Bursts

We present the results of our broadband spectral analysis of 42 SGR
J1550-5418 bursts simultaneously detected with the Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT)
and the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), during the 2009 January active
episode of the source. The unique spectral and temporal capabilities of the XRT
Windowed Timing mode have allowed us to extend the GBM spectral coverage for
these events down to the X-ray domain (0.5-10 keV). Our earlier analysis of the
GBM data found that the SGR J1550-5418 burst spectra were described equally
well with a Comptonized model or with two blackbody functions; the two models
were statistically indistinguishable. Our new broadband (0.5 - 200 keV)
spectral fits show that, on average, the burst spectra are better described
with two blackbody functions than with the Comptonized model. Thus, our joint
XRT/GBM analysis clearly shows for the first time that the SGR J1550-5418 burst
spectra might naturally be expected to exhibit a more truly thermalized
character, such as a two-blackbody or even a multi-blackbody signal. Using the
Swift and RXTE timing ephemeris for SGR J1550-5418 we construct the
distribution of the XRT burst counts with spin phase and find that it is not
correlated with the persistent X-ray emission pulse phase from SGR J1550-5418.
These results indicate that the burst emitting sites on the neutron star need
not be co-located with hot spots emitting the bulk of the persistent X-ray
emission. Finally, we show that there is a significant pulse phase dependence
of the XRT burst counts, likely demonstrating that the surface magnetic field
of SGR J1550-5418 is not uniform over the emission zone, since it is
anticipated that regions with stronger surface magnetic field could trigger
bursts more efficiently.Comment: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Search for dark matter particles in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV using the razor variables

A search for dark matter particles directly produced in proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18.8 fb−1, at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The event selection requires at least two jets and no isolated leptons. The razor variables are used to quantify the transverse momentum balance in the jet momenta. The study is performed separately for events with and without jets originating from b quarks. The observed yields are consistent with the expected backgrounds and, depending on the nature of the production mechanism, dark matter production at the LHC is excluded at 90% confidence level for a mediator mass scale Λ below 1 TeV. The use of razor variables yields results that complement those previously published.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Degradation mechanisms of bioresorbable polyesters. Part 1, Effects of random scission, end scission and autocatalysis

A mathematical model was developed to relate the degradation trend of bioresorbable polymers to different underlying hydrolysis mechanisms, including noncatalytic random scission, autocatalytic random scission, noncatalytic end scission or autocatalytic end scission. The effect of each mechanism on molecular weight degradation and potential mass loss was analysed. A simple scheme was developed to identify the most likely hydrolysis mechanism based on experimental data. The scheme was first demonstrated using case studies, then used to evaluate data collected from 31 publications in the literature to identify the dominant hydrolysis mechanisms for typical biodegradable polymers. The analysis showed that most of the experimental data indicates autocatalytic hydrolysis, as expected. However, the study shows that the existing understanding on whether random or end scission controls degradation is inappropriate. It was revealed that pure end scission cannot explain the observed trend in molecular weight reduction because end scission would be too slow to reduce the average molecular weight. On the other hand, pure random scission cannot explain the observed trend in mass loss because too few oligomers would be available to diffuse out of a device. It is concluded that the chain ends are more susceptible to cleavage, which produces most of the oligomers leading to mass loss. However, it is random scission that dominates the reduction in molecular weight
Development of a framework and tool to assess on-farm energy uses of cotton production

Within highly mechanised agricultural productions systems such as the Australian cotton industry, operational\ud
energy inputs represent a major cost to the growers. In this paper, a framework to assess the operational energy inputs of various production systems and the relative performance of a grower within an adopted system is developed. It divides energy usage of cotton production into six broadly distinct processes, including fallow, planting, in-crop, irrigation, harvesting and post harvest. This enables both the total energy inputs and the energy usage of each production processes to be assessed. This framework is later implemented and incorporated into an online energy assessment tool (EnergyCalc). Using the\ud
developed software, seven farm audits are conducted. It is found that overall, depending on the management and operation methods adopted, the total energy inputs for these farms range from 3.7 to 15.2 GJ/ha of primary energy, which corresponds to $80–310/ha and 275–1404 kg CO2 equivalent/ha greenhouse gas emissions. Among all the farming practices, irrigation water energy use is found to be the highest and is typically 40–60% of total energy costs. Energy use of the harvesting operation is also\ud
significant, accounting for approximately 20% of overall direct energy use. If a farmer moves from conventional\ud
tillage to minimum tillage, there is a potential saving of around 10% of the overall fuel used on the farm. Compared with cotton, energy uses by other crops are generally much smaller, due to less intensive management practices, and reduced irrigation requirements
Measuring trade efficiency

In this paper we use the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window method to compare trade efficiency for 16 OECD countries and for the time period 1996–2000.  From the analysis we obtained the efficiency scores and the optimal output levels for inefficient countries for all years under consideration. Results drawn from the broadly used ratio analysis were also compared to those derived from the DEA model. It seems that trade efficient countries have clear characteristics. These are the low exchange rates for exports, low R&D intensity, high value intra industry trade, and with positive effect of trade on their GDP.
Foreign aid and political influence of the development assistance committee countries

This paper empirically examines whether voting coincidence in the United Nations General Assembly increases between donors and recipients after foreign aid is distributed. It extends previous literature by expanding the donor countries considered and by testing the long-run political influence of aid. The results show that Canada, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom exhibit a positive relationship between voting coincidence and aid distribution. The results also show a positive relationship between voting coincidence and aid for the United States, but only in the long run when the yearly panels are collapsed into three-year averages. The latter result may provide an explanation for why previous studies find mixed results as to whether the United States uses aid for political support. The results are robust to the inclusion of measures of economic power, military power, dependence on foreign support, and international trade patterns.
Keywords
Oxidation kinetics of a Ni-Cu based cermet at high temperature

The oxidation kinetics of a cermet composed of Ni–Cu alloy and nickel ferrite was studied by thermogravimetry at 960 °C under oxygen in the range 0.5–77 kPa. After an initial mass increase up to 15 g/m2 due to oxidation of surface metallic particles, the mass change was attributed to both outwards NiO growth and internal oxidation. Above 40 g/m2, the NiO scale thickness remained constant and the oxidation kinetics followed a complete parabolic law. The variations of the kinetic rate with oxygen partial pressure allowed to propose mechanisms, rate-controlling steps and kinetic laws in both transient and long term oxidation periods
Regulation of Systemic Liquidity Risk

The paper provides a baseline model for regulatory analysis of systemic liquidity shocks. We show that banks may have an incentive to invest excessively in illiquid long term projects. In the prevailing mixed strategy equilibrium the allocation is inferior from the investor’s point of view since some banks free-ride on the liquidity provision as a result of limited liability. The paper compares different regulatory mechanisms to cope with the externalities. It is shown that the combination of liquidity regulation ex ante and lender of last resort policy ex post is able to implement the outcome maximizing investor’s payoff. In contrast, both “narrow banking” and imposing equity requirements as buffer are inferior mechanisms for coping with systemic liquidity risk.
Low energy defibrillation in human cardiac tissue: a simulation study.

Copyright © 2009 Biophysical SocietyJournal ArticleWe aim to assess the effectiveness of feedback-controlled resonant drift pacing as a method for low energy defibrillation. Antitachycardia pacing is the only low energy defibrillation approach to have gained clinical significance, but it is still suboptimal. Low energy defibrillation would avoid adverse side effects associated with high voltage shocks and allow the application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, in cases where such therapy is not tolerated today. We present results of computer simulations of a bidomain model of cardiac tissue with human atrial ionic kinetics. Reentry was initiated and low energy shocks were applied with the same period as the reentry, using feedback to maintain resonance. We demonstrate that such stimulation can move the core of reentrant patterns, in the direction that depends on the location of the electrodes and the time delay in the feedback. Termination of reentry is achieved with shock strength one-order-of-magnitude weaker than in conventional single-shock defibrillation. We conclude that resonant drift pacing can terminate reentry at a fraction of the shock strength currently used for defibrillation and can potentially work where antitachycardia pacing fails, due to the feedback mechanisms. Success depends on a number of details that these numerical simulations have uncovered
Towards the high-accuracy determination of the 238U fission cross section at the threshold region at CERN – n_TOF

The 238U fission cross section is an international standard beyond 2 MeV where the fission plateau starts. However, due to its importance in fission reactors, this cross-section should be very accurately known also in the threshold region below 2 MeV. The 238U fission cross section has been measured relative to the 235U fission cross section at CERN – n_TOF with different detection systems. These datasets have been collected and suitably combined to increase the counting statistics in the threshold region from about 300 keV up to 3 MeV. The results are compared with other experimental data, evaluated libraries, and the IAEA standardsPostprint (published version
Infinitely many shape-invariant potentials and cubic identities of the Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials

We provide analytic proofs for the shape invariance of the recently discovered [Odake and Sasaki, Phys. Lett. B 679, 414 (2009)] two families of infinitely many exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials. These potentials are obtained by deforming the well-known radial oscillator potential or the Darboux-Poschl-Teller potential by a degree l (l = 1,2,...) eigenpolynomial. The shape invariance conditions are attributed to new polynomial identities of degree 3l involving cubic products of the Laguerre or Jacobi polynomials. These identities are proved elementarily by combining simple identities. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3371248
Effect of handling characteristics on minimum time cornering with\ud
torque vectoring

In this paper, the effect of both passive and actively-modified vehicle handling characteristics\ud
on minimum time manoeuvring for vehicles with 4-wheel torque vectoring (TV) capability\ud
is studied. First, a baseline optimal torque vectoring strategy is sought, independent of any\ud
causal control law. An optimal control problem (OCP) is initially formulated considering\ud
4 independent wheel torque inputs, together with the steering angle rate, as the control\ud
variables. Using this formulation, the performance benefit using torque vectoring against\ud
an electric drive train with a fixed torque distribution, is demonstrated. The sensitivity\ud
of TV-controlled manoeuvre time to the passive understeer gradient of the vehicle is\ud
then studied. A second formulation of the optimal control problem is introduced where a\ud
closed-loop torque vectoring controller is incorporated into the system dynamics of the OCP.\ud
This formulation allows the effect of actively modifying a vehicle’s handling characteristic\ud
via TV on its minimum time cornering performance of the vehicle to be assessed. In\ud
particular, the effect of the target understeer gradient as the key tuning parameter of the\ud
literature-standard steady-state linear single-track model yaw rate reference is analysed
Focus error detection device for thermal expansion-recovery microscopy (ThERM)

An innovative focus error detectionmethod is presented that is only sensitive to surface curvature variations, canceling both thermoreflectance and photodefelection effects. The detection scheme consists of an astigmatic probe laser and a four-quadrant detector. Nonlinear curve fitting of the defocusing signal allows the retrieval of a cutoff frequency, which only depends on the thermal diffusivity of the sample and the pump beam size. Therefore, a straightforward retrieval of the thermal diffusivity of the sample is possible with microscopic lateral resolution and high axial resolution (∼100 pm).Fil: Domené, Esteban Alejo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Oscar Eduardo. Empresa Tolket Srl; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin