pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Characterizations of restricted pairs of planar graphs allowing simultaneous embedding with fixed edges

AbstractA set of planar graphs {G1(V,E1),…,Gk(V,Ek)} admits a simultaneous embedding if they can be drawn on the same pointset P of order n in the Euclidean plane such that each point in P corresponds one-to-one to a vertex in V and each edge in Ei does not cross any other edge in Ei (except at endpoints) for i∈{1,…,k}. A fixed edge is an edge (u,v) that is drawn using the same simple curve for each graph Gi whose edge set Ei contains the edge (u,v). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for two graphs whose union is homeomorphic to K5 or K3,3 to admit a simultaneous embedding with fixed edges (SEFE). This allows us to characterize the class of planar graphs that always have a SEFE with any other planar graph. We also characterize the class of biconnected outerplanar graphs that always have a SEFE with any other outerplanar graph. In both cases, we provide O(n4)-time algorithms to compute a SEFE
Tapping the power of local knowledge: A local-global interactive perspective

AbstractExisting theories of international business and strategy do not fully explain how local knowledge disadvantage faced by foreign investors can be mitigated. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study into four MNCs to investigate the micro-processes of how they generated value from their dispersed sources of local knowledge in China. The results suggest an interactive model: that MNCs employed management processes encompassing three strategically interconnected efforts—global knowledge penetration, local-global knowledge blending, and local-global knowledge integration. The model highlights the interplay between global and local knowledge and challenges extant research that solely focuses on the transfer of either home-based or local knowledge
Hybrid approaches for multiple-species stochastic reaction–diffusion models

AbstractReaction–diffusion models are used to describe systems in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, ecology and biology. The fundamental quantities in such models are individual entities such as atoms and molecules, bacteria, cells or animals, which move and/or react in a stochastic manner. If the number of entities is large, accounting for each individual is inefficient, and often partial differential equation (PDE) models are used in which the stochastic behaviour of individuals is replaced by a description of the averaged, or mean behaviour of the system. In some situations the number of individuals is large in certain regions and small in others. In such cases, a stochastic model may be inefficient in one region, and a PDE model inaccurate in another. To overcome this problem, we develop a scheme which couples a stochastic reaction–diffusion system in one part of the domain with its mean field analogue, i.e. a discretised PDE model, in the other part of the domain. The interface in between the two domains occupies exactly one lattice site and is chosen such that the mean field description is still accurate there. In this way errors due to the flux between the domains are small. Our scheme can account for multiple dynamic interfaces separating multiple stochastic and deterministic domains, and the coupling between the domains conserves the total number of particles. The method preserves stochastic features such as extinction not observable in the mean field description, and is significantly faster to simulate on a computer than the pure stochastic model
Thermodynamics of rotating black branes in Gauss–Bonnet–nonlinear Maxwell gravity

AbstractWe consider the Gauss–Bonnet gravity in the presence of a new class of nonlinear electromagnetic field, namely, power Maxwell invariant. By use of a suitable transformation, we obtain a class of real rotating solutions with k rotation parameters and investigate some properties of the solutions such as existence of singularity(ies) and asymptotic behavior of them. Also, we calculate the finite action, thermodynamic and conserved quantities of the solutions and using the Smarr-type formula to check the first law of thermodynamics
Development of a rapid, reliable and quantitative method — “SPOTi” for testing antifungal efficacy

AbstractA reference method for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of common fungal pathogens such as dermatophytes, is currently lacking. In this study, we report the successful adaptation of solid agar-based spot culture growth inhibition assay (SPOTi) for dermatophytes, currently being used as a gold-standard in the anti-tubercular drug discovery field. The fungal-SPOTi assay correlated with the disc-diffusion method, and is validated using mycelial plugs. We propose the fungal-SPOTi as a high-throughput alternative to the disc-diffusion and broth micro-dilution anti-fungal assays to screen novel anti-fungals
The projection and synaptic organisation of NTS afferent connections with presympathetic neurons, GABA and nNOS neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

AbstractElevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN-presympathetic neurons regulating cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic activity receive information about cardiovascular status from receptors in the heart and circulation. These receptors signal changes via afferent neurons terminating in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), some of which may result in excitation or inhibition of PVN-presympathetic neurons. Understanding the anatomy and neurochemistry of NTS afferent connections within the PVN could provide important clues to the impairment in homeostasis cardiovascular control associated with disease. Transynaptic labelling has shown the presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing neurons and GABA interneurons that terminate on presympathetic PVN neurons any of which may be the target for NTS afferents. So far NTS connections to these diverse neuronal pools have not been demonstrated and were investigated in this study. Anterograde (biotin dextran amine – BDA) labelling of the ascending projection from the NTS and retrograde (fluorogold – FG or cholera toxin B subunit – CTB) labelling of PVN presympathetic neurons combined with immunohistochemistry for GABA and nNOS was used to identify the terminal neuronal targets of the ascending projection from the NTS. It was shown that NTS afferent terminals are apposed to either PVN-GABA interneurons or to nitric oxide producing neurons or even directly to presympathetic neurons. Furthermore, there was evidence that some NTS axons were positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2). The data provide an anatomical basis for the different functions of cardiovascular receptors that mediate their actions via the NTS–PVN pathways
Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions

AbstractApathy is a complex, behavioural disorder associated with reduced spontaneous initiation of actions. Although present in mild forms in some healthy people, it is a pathological state in conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease where it can have profoundly devastating effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying apathy is therefore of urgent concern but this has proven difficult because widespread brain changes in neurodegenerative diseases make interpretation difficult and there is no good animal model.Here we present a very rare case with profound apathy following bilateral, focal lesions of the basal ganglia, with globus pallidus regions that connect with orbitofrontal (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) particularly affected. Using two measures of oculomotor decision-making we show that apathy in this individual was associated with reward insensitivity. However, reward sensitivity could be established partially with levodopa and more effectively with a dopamine receptor agonist. Concomitantly, there was an improvement in the patient's clinical state, with reduced apathy, greater motivation and increased social interactions. These findings provide a model system to study a key neuropsychiatric disorder. They demonstrate that reward insensitivity associated with basal ganglia dysfunction might be an important component of apathy that can be reversed by dopaminergic modulation
The asymptotic growth of the constants in the Bohnenblust–Hille inequality is optimal

AbstractThe search of sharp estimates for the constants in the Bohnenblust–Hille inequality, besides its challenging nature, has quite important applications in different fields of mathematics and physics. For homogeneous polynomials, it was recently shown that the Bohnenblust–Hille inequality (for complex scalars) is hypercontractive. This result, interesting by itself, has found direct striking applications in the solution of several important problems. For multilinear mappings, precise information on the asymptotic behavior of the constants of the Bohnenblust–Hille inequality is of particular importance for applications in Quantum Information Theory and multipartite Bell inequalities. In this paper, using elementary tools, we prove a quite surprising result: the asymptotic growth of the constants in the multilinear Bohnenblust–Hille inequality is optimal. Besides its intrinsic mathematical interest and potential applications to different areas, the mathematical importance of this result also lies in the fact that all previous estimates and related results for the last 80 years (such as, for instance, the multilinear version of the famous Grothendieck theorem for absolutely summing operators) always present constants Cmʼs growing at an exponential rate of certain power of m
An approximation for zero-balanced Appell function F1 near (1,1)

AbstractWe suggest an approximation for the zero-balanced Appell hypergeometric function F1 near the singular point (1,1). Our approximation can be viewed as a generalization of Ramanujan's approximation for zero-balanced F12 and is expressed in terms of F23. We find an error bound and prove some basic properties of the suggested approximation which reproduce the similar properties of the Appell function. Our approximation reduces to the approximation of Carlson–Gustafson when the Appell function reduces to the first incomplete elliptic integral
Staphylococcal serine protease–like proteins are pacemakers of allergic airway reactions to Staphylococcus aureus

BackgroundA substantial subgroup of asthmatic patients have “nonallergic” or idiopathic asthma, which often takes a severe course and is difficult to treat. The cause might be allergic reactions to the gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, a frequent colonizer of the upper airways. However, the driving allergens of S aureus have remained elusive.ObjectiveWe sought to search for potentially allergenic S aureus proteins and characterize the immune response directed against them.MethodsS aureus extracellular proteins targeted by human serum IgG4 were identified by means of immunoblotting to screen for potential bacterial allergens. Candidate antigens were expressed as recombinant proteins and used to analyze the established cellular and humoral immune responses in healthy adults and asthmatic patients. The ability to induce a type 2 immune response in vivo was tested in a mouse asthma model.ResultsWe identified staphylococcal serine protease–like proteins (Spls) as dominant IgG4-binding S aureus proteins. SplA through SplF are extracellular proteases of unknown function expressed by S aureus in vivo. Spls elicited IgE antibody responses in most asthmatic patients. In healthy S aureus carriers and noncarriers, peripheral blood T cells elaborated TH2 cytokines after stimulation with Spls, as is typical for allergens. In contrast, TH1/TH17 cytokines, which dominated the response to S aureus α-hemolysin, were of low concentration or absent. In mice inhalation of SplD without adjuvant induced lung inflammation characterized by TH2 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration.ConclusionWe identify Spls as triggering allergens released by S aureus, opening prospects for diagnosis and causal therapy of asthma
NLO QCD+EW predictions for HV and HV+jet production including
  parton-shower effects

We present the first NLO QCD+EW predictions for Higgs boson production in
association with a l nu or l+ l- pair plus zero or one jets at the LHC.
Fixed-order NLO QCD+EW calculations are combined with a QCD+QED parton shower
using the recently developed resonance-aware method in the POWHEG framework.
Moreover, applying the improved MINLO technique to H l nu and H l+ l-
production at NLO QCD+EW, we obtain predictions that are NLO accurate for
observables with both zero or one resolved jet. This approach permits also to
capture higher-order effects associated with the interplay of EW corrections
and QCD radiation. The behavior of EW corrections is studied for various
kinematic distributions, relevant for experimental analyses of Higgsstrahlung
processes at the 13 TeV LHC. Exact NLO EW corrections are complemented with
approximate analytic formulae that account for the leading and next-to-leading
Sudakov logarithms in the high-energy regime. In the tails of
transverse-momentum distributions, relevant for analyses in the boosted Higgs
regime, the Sudakov approximation works well, and NLO EW effects can largely
exceed the ten percent level. Our predictions are based on the POWHEX BOX RES +
OpenLoops framework in combination with the Pythia 8.1 parton shower.Comment: 33 pages + appendixes. Replaced with the JHEP versio
SN2014J gamma rays from the $^56$Ni decay chain

R. Diehl, et al., ???SN2014J gamma rays from the 56Ni decay chain???, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 574, January 2015. The version of record is available online at: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2015/02/aa24991-14/aa24991-14.html Reproduced with Permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, ?? ESO 2015.Context. The detection and measurement of gamma-ray lines from the decay chain of 56Ni provides unique information about the explosion in supernovae. SN2014J at 3.3 Mpc is a sufficiently-nearby supernova of type Ia so that such measurements have been feasible with the gamma-ray spectrometer SPI on ESA???s INTEGRAL gamma-ray observatory. Aims. The 56Ni freshly produced in the supernova is understood to power the optical light curve, because it emits gamma rays upon its radioactive decay first to 56Co and then to 56Fe. Gamma-ray lines from 56Co decay are expected to become directly visible through the white dwarf material several weeks after the explosion, as they progressively penetrate the overlying material of the supernova envelope, which is diluted as it expands. The lines are expected to be Doppler-shifted or broadened from the kinematics of the 56Ni ejecta. We aim to exploit high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy with the SPI spectrometer on INTEGRAL toward constraining the 56Ni distribution and kinematics in this supernova. Methods. We use the observations with the SPI spectrometer on INTEGRAL, together with an improved instrumental background method. Results. We detect the two main lines from 56Co decay at 847 and 1238 keV, which are significantly Doppler-broadened, and at intensities (3.65 ?? 1.21) ?? 10-4 and (2.27 ?? 0.69) ?? 10-4 ph cm-2???s-1, respectively, at their brightness maximum. We measure their rise toward a maximum after about 60???100 days and a decline thereafter. The intensity ratio of the two lines is found to be consistent with expectations from 56Co decay (0.62 ?? 0.28 at brightness maximum, the expected ratio is 0.68). We find that the broad lines seen in the late, gamma-ray transparent phase are not representative of the early gamma-ray emission, and notice instead that the emission spectrum is complex and irregular until the supernova is fully transparent to gamma rays, with progressive uncovering of the bulk of 56Ni. We infer that the explosion morphology is not spherically symmetric, both in the distribution of 56Ni and in the unburnt material which occults the 56Co emission. After we compare light curves from different plausible models, the resulting 56Ni mass is determined to be 0.49 ?? 0.09 M???
The unusual multiwavelength properties of the gamma-ray source PMNJ1603−4904

Context. We investigate the nature and classification of PMNJ1603−4904, a bright radio source close to the Galactic plane, which is associated with one of the brightest hard-spectrum gamma-ray sources detected by Fermi/LAT. It has previously been classified as a low-peaked BL Lac object based on its broadband emission and the absence of optical emission lines. Optical measurements, however, suffer strongly from extinction and the absence of pronounced short-time ga,,a-ray variability over years of monitoring is unusual for a blazar. Aims. In this paper, we are combining new and archival multiwavelength data of PMNJ1603−4904 in order to reconsider the classification and nature of this unusual gamma-ray source. Methods. For the first time, we study the radio morphology of PMNJ1603−4904 at 8.4GHz and 22.3GHz, and its spectral properties on milliarcsecond scales, based on VLBI observations from the TANAMI program. We combine the resulting images with multiwavelength data in the radio, IR, optical/UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray regimes. Results. PMNJ1603−4904 shows a symmetric brightness distribution at 8.4GHz on milliarcsecond scales, with the brightest, and most compact component in the center of the emission region. The morphology is reminiscent of a Compact Symmetric Object (CSO). Such objects, thought to be young radio galaxies, have been predicted to produce gamma-ray emission but have not been detected as a class by the Fermi gamma-ray telescope so far. Sparse (u,v)-coverage at 22.3GHz prevents an unambiguous modeling of the source morphology at this higher frequency. Moreover, infrared measurements reveal an excess in the spectral energy distribution (SED), which can be modeled with a blackbody with a temperature of about 1600K, and which is usually not present in blazar SEDs. Conclusions. The TANAMI VLBI data and the shape of the broadband SED challenge the current blazar classification of one of the brightest gamma-ray sources in the sky. PMNJ1603−4904 seems to be either a highly peculiar BL Lac object or a misaligned jet source. In the latter case, the intriguing VLBI structure opens room for a possible classification of PMNJ1603−4904 as a gamma-ray bright CSO
Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass.

Lean body mass, consisting mostly of skeletal muscle, is important for healthy aging. We performed a genome-wide association study for whole body (20 cohorts of European ancestry with n = 38,292) and appendicular (arms and legs) lean body mass (n = 28,330) measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis, adjusted for sex, age, height, and fat mass. Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with lean body mass either genome wide (p &lt; 5 × 10(-8)) or suggestively genome wide (p &lt; 2.3 × 10(-6)). Replication in 63,475 (47,227 of European ancestry) individuals from 33 cohorts for whole body lean body mass and in 45,090 (42,360 of European ancestry) subjects from 25 cohorts for appendicular lean body mass was successful for five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near HSD17B11, VCAN, ADAMTSL3, IRS1, and FTO for total lean body mass and for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in/near VCAN, ADAMTSL3, and IRS1 for appendicular lean body mass. Our findings provide new insight into the genetics of lean body mass.Lean body mass is a highly heritable trait and is associated with various health conditions. Here, Kiel and colleagues perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for whole body lean body mass and find five novel genetic loci to be significantly associated
Measurement of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections are presented using an integrated luminosity of 4.5 (4.8) fb -1 in the dimuon (dielectron) channel of proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at √s = 7 TeV. The measured inclusive cross section in the Z-peak region (60-120 GeV) is σ(ℓℓ) = 986:4 ± 0:6 (stat.) ± 5:9 (exp. syst.) ± 21:7 (th. syst.) ± 21:7 (lum.) pb for the combination of the dimuon and dielectron channels. Differential cross sections dσ=dm for the dimuon, dielectron, and combined channels are measured in the mass range 15 to 1500 GeV and corrected to the full phase space. Results are also presented for the measurement of the double-differential cross section d2σ/dm d|y| in the dimuon channel over the mass range 20 to 1500 GeV and absolute dimuon rapidity from 0 to 2.4. These measurements are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading orders using various sets of parton distribution functions. Copyright CERN.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Finite-action solutions of Yang-Mills equations on de Sitter dS$_4$ and
  anti-de Sitter AdS$_4$ spaces

We consider pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on four-dimensional de Sitter dS$_4$
and anti-de Sitter AdS$_4$ spaces and construct various solutions to the
Yang-Mills equations. On de Sitter space we reduce the Yang-Mills equations via
an SU(2)-equivariant ansatz to Newtonian mechanics of a particle moving in
${\mathbb R}^3$ under the influence of a quartic potential. Then we describe
magnetic and electric-magnetic solutions, both Abelian and non-Abelian, all
having finite energy and finite action. A similar reduction on anti-de Sitter
space also yields Yang-Mills solutions with finite energy and action. We
propose a lower bound for the action on both backgrounds. Employing another
metric on AdS$_4$, the SU(2) Yang-Mills equations are reduced to an analytic
continuation of the above particle mechanics from ${\mathbb R}^3$ to ${\mathbb
R}^{2,1}$. We discuss analytical solutions to these equations, which produce
infinite-action configurations. After a Euclidean continuation of dS$_4$ and
AdS$_4$ we also present self-dual (instanton-type) Yang--Mills solutions on
these backgrounds.Comment: 1+31 pages, 4 figures; v2: some clarifications, published versio