pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Options for informal environmental management :
                    the agricultural industry highlighted

The original article can be found at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com Copyright John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.Discussions are frequently found in the environmental press regarding the possible advantages to an organisation should they implement a formal environmental management system such as BS 7750, ISO 14001 and the EC Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). It is also widely recognised that these formal systems, although theoretically applicable to all, are often seen by many organisations as being too unwieldy, too prescriptive, frequently too expensive and often too public. However, there are many alternative options available to organisations who do not wish to commit themselves to a formal accredited system. This paper discusses the various options currently in use for informal environmental management in agriculture with particular reference to a computerised system being developed at the University of Hertfordshire. Application examples are taken from the agricultural industry
Evaluating a technique used to measure environmental performance within agriculture???case studies

The definitive version can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Copyright John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.A methodology has been developed which can be used to assess the environmental performance of a farm. The computer-based system, known as EMA, utilizes a checklist auditing process based on both quantitative and qualitative data and looks, holistically, at the farm assessing a wide range of farming activities including crop production, crop protection, resource and waste management, livestock husbandry and conservation. The system relies on the use of eco-ratings which are activity based performance indices derived by comparing actual farm practices with what is perceived to be site specific best practice. The system utilizes a similar approach to that used in standard environmental management systems, such as ISO 14001, by providing a scale for performance measurement to allow monitoring of improvements and progress, and to permit performance highs and lows to be identified. The system has recently undergone piloting and evaluation in house, on farm and in collaboration with a major UK retailer, Safeway Stores plc. This paper describes this process and presents the findings in the form of case studies. A brief description of the system is included for completeness. ?? 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The effect of the media on body satisfaction: the role of gender and size,

Media images of stereotypically attractive women are often cited as contributory factors in body size distortion and body dissatisfaction. In fact, recent research suggests that acute exposure to such images may exacerbate body distortion in women with eating disorders. The present study examined the effects of acute exposure to images of stereotypical attraction (thin pictures) compared to images of overweight individuals (fat pictures) in both men and women. Twenty men and 20 women completed measures of body satisfaction before and after viewing images of either thin or overweight individuals matched for the subject's gender. The results suggested that subjects of both gender reported feeling less satisfied with their bodies as measured by rating scales (e.g. feeling fat, feeling attractive), body silhouettes and body size estimation, after viewing the thin pictures and showed improved body satisfaction after viewing the overweight pictures. The results also suggested that this response was greater in the female than in the male subjects for some of the measures (e.g. feeling fat, feeling toned) and was unrelated to levels of restrained eating. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the media in determining body image and the possible use of such images in clinical practice
Perceived self-other differences in persuasibility: the effects of interpersonal and group-based similarity

Two experiments examined the effects of interpersonal and group-based similarity on perceived self-other differences in persuasibility (i.e. on third-person effects, Davison, 1983). Results of Experiment 1 (N=121), based on experimentally-created groups, indicated that third-person perceptions with respect to the impact of televised product ads were accentuated when the comparison was made with interpersonally different others. Contrary to predictions, third-person perceptions were not affected by group-based similarity (i.e. ingroup or outgroup other). Results of Experiment 2 (N = 102), based an an enduring social identity, indicated that both interpersonal and group-based similarity moderated perceptions of the impact on self and other of least-liked product ads. Overall, third-person effects were more pronounced with respect to interpersonally dissimilar others. However, when social identity was salient, information about interpersonal similarity of the target did not affect perceived self-other differences with respect to ingroup targets. Results also highlighted significant differences in third-person perceptions according to the perceiver\u27s affective evaluation of the persuasive message. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Devonian graptolites from southwestern Europe: a review with new data

10 páginas, 7 figuras.Lower Devonian graptolite faunas have been recognized in the Normandy and southeastern regions of the Armorican Massif, France; the Pyrenees and Catalonian Coastal Ranges regions and northern Minorca, Balearic Islands, Spain; the southern Hesperian Massif (Ossa Morena Zone) of the Iberian Peninsula; and from southeastern Sardinia, Italy. All but one the of the graptolite faunas collected throughout this large region are from Lochkovian age strata, representing the Monograptus uniformis, Monograptus praehercynicus, and Monograptus hercynicus biozones corresponding to the lower, middle and upper Lochkovian, respectively, and mostly represented by monospecific or low diversity assemblages. Although many individual sections contain representatives of two of the biozones, relatively few reveal all three. A single, poorly preserved faunule, collected in the Ossa Morena region of Spain from strata dated by brachiopods as Pragian–early Emsian may represent the only known graptoloid fauna of post-Lochkovian age. Almost all graptolites have been recovered from condensed successions of black shales and limestone nodules, similar to those of other proto-Tethyan (i.e. outer shelf, with dominantly pelagic faunas) regions such as Thuringia, Bohemia, the Carnic Alps and northwestern Africa. The two exceptions are an occurrence in a shallow-water, coarser clastic sequences at the Carteret locality in Normandy and in deep water turbidites on the island of Minorca. Graptolites are not known from any other thick, shallow water clastic sequences, although whether this is because of paleo environmental exclusion or simply lack of recovery to date is unknown. Other fossil evidence (e.g. chitinozoans), however, indicates continuous marine sedimentation from the Silurian to Devonian.Financial support for JCGM for project AMR92- 1037-CO2-01 was through the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Technologia (Spain) and that of ACL was\ud
through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada).Peer reviewe
Global Budgets and Excess Demand for Hospital Care

Excess demand is a pervasive feature of health care systems that use global budgets to pay for hospital care, regardless of the amount of money spent by those systems. This paper presents a theory that explains this feature of global budgets. The theory emphasizes that hospital administrators control the allocation of their budget, and
that they choose quantity and resource intensity to maximize their own utility. The equilibrium quantity of care
provided may be less than quantity demanded by consumers, leading to excess demand for admissions. An increase in the hospital’s budget may even be associated with an increase in excess demand.Publicad
Electrolytic preparation and characterization of Ni-Fe-Mo alloys: Cathode materials for alkaline water electrolysis

Ni-Fe-Mo alloys have been electroplated by using suitable bath solution and plating conditions. SEM and XRD analysis showed that the deposited alloys are partially amorphous. Polarization studies indicated a dependence of the hydrogen evolution mechanism on temperature and current density. The alloys exhibited sufficiently low hydrogen over voltage even on prolonged electrolysis in 30 KOH. Electrokinetic parameters are evaluated for hydrogen evolution reaction on Ni-Fe-Mo alloys. Copyright Â© 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Creating a Temporally Consistent Spatial Framework for the Analysis of Interregional Migration in Australia

Changes in zonal boundaries severely compromise the reliability of comparisons made from time series data. We examine problems and solutions to the development of a temporally consistent spatial structure in the context of the literature on zone design. One of these, the \u27designer\u27 solution, is used to establish a consistent spatial structure for the analysis of inter-regional migration in Australia over the period 1976 to 1996. It is shown that intercensal boundary changes over this period create significant spatial discontinuities and that variations in the digital boundaries from successive censuses hamper development of an automated solution. We set out the tasks involved in the design of geographical zones, establish criteria for the design of migration regions and describe the key procedures for implementation. Using these principles we then devise a system og 69 functional regions which for practical purposes are temporally consistent over the 1981, 1986, 1991 and 1996 censuses. We illustrate the utility of the database by examining selected facets of Australian inter-regional migration
A Faded-Compensation Technique for Digital Land Mobile Satellite Systems

This paper proposes a novel fade-compensation algorithm using a pilot symbol-aided technique for digital and mobile satellite systems. In a conventional pilot symbol-aided system, a pilot symbol from a known pseudorandom-symbol sequence is inserted periodically into the data-symbol sequence in the transmitter. At the receiver, these pilot symbols are extracted from the received signal and used to estimate the signal distortion introduced in the fading channel. The resultant estimate is then used to correct the fading effects in the received data symbols. In this paper, a novel fade-compensation technique that uses both the pilot symbols and the data symbols is proposed. A series of computer-simulation tests has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the technique on the bit-error-rate (BER) performances of an uncoded 16-ary phase-shift keyed (16PSK) and an uncoded 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulated (16QAM) signal over the land mobile satellite channels. The results have shown that substantial improvements in the BER performances of the systems can be obtained, compared to those using only the pilot symbolspostprin
Performances of 16QAM with fading compensation and postdetection diversity reception in satellite mobile channels

This paper studies the effects of N-branch postdetection selection diversity reception, where N = 1, 2, 3 or 4, incorporated with fading compensation on a digital satellite mobile system. The digital satellite mobile system transmits a pilot-symbol-aided 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulated (PSA-16QAM) signal over the Rician channels. A selection method that makes use of the pilot symbols to select one of the N branches in the diversity reception system for signal detection, and a novel PSA technique that makes use of both the pilot symbols and data symbols for fading compensation, are proposed. Computer simulation tests are used to assess the effects of the proposed techniques on bit-error rate performances (BER) of the PSA-16QAM system in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or co-channel interference (CCI) in the Rician faded channels. When frequency diversity is used, PSA-16QAM with 2-branch and 4-branch diversity reception occupies about the same bandwidths as quaternary phase-shift-keying (QPSK) without using diversity and with 2-branch diversity, respectively, yet achieving the same capacity. Thus, simulation tests on the BER performances of a QPSK system without diversity and with 2-branch diversity are also carried out and the results are used to determine the preferred system arrangements. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.postprin
Investigating the Relationship between Gold and Silver Prices

This paper analyses the long-run relationship between gold and silver prices. The three main questions addressed are: the influence of a large bubble from 1979:9 to 1980:3 on the cointegration relationship, the extent to which by including error-correction terms in a non-linear way we can beat the random walk model out-of-sample, and the existence of a strong simultaneous relationship between the rates of return of gold and silver. Different efficient single-equation estimation techniques are required for each of the three questions and this is explained within a simple bivariate cointegrating system. With monthly data from 1971 to 1990, it is found that cointegration could have occurred during some periods and especially during the bubble and post-bubble periods. However, dummy variables for the intercept of the long-run relationships are needed during the full sample. For the price of gold the non-linear models perform better than the random walk in-sample and out-of-sample. In-sample non-linear models for the price of silver perform better than the random walk but this predictive capacity is lost out-of-sample, mainly due to the structural change that occurs (reduction) in the variance of the out-of-sample models. The in-sample and out-of-sample predictive capacity of the non-linear models is reduced when the variables are in logs. Clear and strong evidence is found for a simultaneous relationship between the rates of return of gold and silver. In the three type of relationships that we have analysed between the prices of gold and silver, the dependence is less out-of-sample, possibly meaning that the two markets are becoming separated.Publicad
The moderating role of task characteristics in determining responses to a stressful work simulation

Two experimental studies were conducted to examine whether the stress-buffering effects of behavioral control on work task responses varied as a function of procedural information. Study 1 manipulated low and high levels of task demands, behavioral control, and procedural information for 128 introductory psychology students completing an in-basket activity. ANOVA procedures revealed a significant three-way interaction among these variables in the prediction of subjective task performance and task satisfaction. It was found that procedural information buffered the negative effects of task demands on ratings of performance and satisfaction only under conditions of low behavioral control. This pattern of results suggests that procedural information may have a compensatory effect when the work environment is characterized by a combination of high task demands and low behavioral control. Study 2 (N = 256) utilized simple and complex versions of the in-basket activity to examine the extent to which the interactive relationship among task demands, behavioral control, and procedural information varied as a function of task complexity. There was further support for the stress-buffering role of procedural information on work task responses under conditions of low behavioral control. This effect was, however, only present when the in-basket activity was characterized by high task complexity, suggesting that the interactive relationship among these variables may depend on the type of tasks performed at work. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The emerging role of emotions in work life: An introduction

Research into the role that emotions play in organizational settings has only recently been revived, following publication in 1983 of Hochschild\u27s The Managed Heart. Since then, and especially over the last five years, the tempo of research in this field has stepped up, with various initiatives such as conferences and email discussion lists playing significant roles. This Special Issue is another initiative in this genre. The six papers in the Special Issue were selected from forty submissions, and cover a wide range of contemporary research issues. The papers deal with the relationship of mood to job characteristics and to job satisfaction, manifestation of anger in dyadic relationships, perceptions and effects of emotional labor, emotional intelligence in selection interviews, and the effects of displays of sadness and anger by leaders. In this introduction, we broadly introduce the topic of emotions in workplace settings, summarize the six papers, and present some directions for future research
Cyclic scheduling in 3-machine robotic flow shops

We consider a robotic flow shop model in which a single robot is responsible for the transportation of parts between machines. For reasons of simplicity, when the shop is to produce a large number of identical parts, the robot usually performs repeatedly a fixed sequence of activities. This sequence of activities is called a 1-unit cycle if each execution of the sequence results in the production of exactly one part. It has been conjectured that 1-unit cycles yield optimal production rates for 3-machine robotic flow shops. We establish the validity of this conjecture.Peer reviewe
Saltation transport on a silt loam soil in northeast Spain

16 Pags., 4 Tabls., 4 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145XThe Ebro River valley in Northeast Spain experiences regularly strong west-northwest winds that are locally known as cierzo. When the cierzo blows, wind erosion may potentially occur on unprotected agricultural lands. In this paper the first results of field measurements of soil characteristics and saltation transport in the Ebro River valley near Zaragoza are presented. An experiment was conducted on a silt loam soil in the summers of 1996 and 1997. Two plots of 135×180 m were both equipped with a meteorology tower, three saltiphones (acoustic sediment sensors) and ten sediment catchers. The plots were different with respect to tillage practices. One plot received mouldboard ploughing followed by a pass of a compacting roller (conventional tillage—CT), whereas the other plot only received chisel ploughing (reduced tillage—RT). Soil characterizations indicated that soil erodibility was significantly higher in the CT plots than in the RT plots. Consequently, no significant saltation transport was observed in the RT plots during both seasons. In the CT plot, four saltation events were recorded during the 1996 season and nine events during the 1997 season. Most events were preceded by rainfall during the previous one or two days, which reduced saltation transport significantly. It is concluded that the occurrence of wind erosion in the Ebro River valley depends on the timing and type of tillage, distribution of rainfall and soil-surface crusting.The WELSONS project is funded by the European Union under Contract No. ENV4‐CT95‐0182. Peer reviewe
Monogenic Functions and Representations of Nilpotent Lie Groups in
  Quantum Mechanics

We describe several different representations of nilpotent step two Lie
groups in spaces of monogenic Clifford valued functions. We are inspired by the
classic representation of the Heisenberg group in the Segal-Bargmann space of
holomorphic functions. Connections with quantum mechanics are described.
  Keywords: Segal-Bargmann space, Heisenberg group, coherent states, wavelet
transform, reproducing kernel, nilpotent Lie group, monogenic functions, Dirac
operator, Clifford algebra, (second) quantization, quantum field theory.Comment: 27 pages; LaTeX2e; no picture
Sensitivity of discrete-time Kalman filter to statistical modeling errors

The optimum filtering results of Kalman filtering for linear dynamic systems require an exact knowledge of the process noise covariance matrix Qk, the measurement noise covariance matrix Rk and the initial error covariance matrix P0. In a number of practical solutions, Qk, Rk and P0, are either unknown or are known only approximately. In this paper the sensitivity due to a class of errors in statistical modelling employing a Kalman Filter is discussed. In particular, we present a special case where it is shown that Kalman filter gains can be insensitive to scaling of covariance matrices. Some basic results are derived to describe the mutual relations among the three covariance matrices (actual and perturbed covariance matrices), their respective Kalman gain Kk and the error covariance matrices Pk. It is also shown that system modelling errors, particularly scaling errors of the input matrix, do not perturb the Kalman gain. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the theoretical results, and also to show the Kalman gain insensitivity to less restrictive statistical uncertainties in an approximate sense.PublishedN/
Medication Use by the Driving Population

Producción CientíficaThis study investigated patterns of medicine use among Spanish drivers. The study was conducted in the
fall of 1993 on 1500 drivers aged over 16, all of whom completed accordingly and then returned the
questionnaires. Among those surveyed, 45.1% had used drugs at least once in the previous year, while
17.3% of drivers surveyed were using medicines chronically. Chronic users, the majority of whom were
female and belonging to the older age group, were using an average of two drugs. Central nervous
system drugs (21.7%), respiratory system drugs (19.2%), cardiovascular system drugs (14.9%) and
alimentary tract drugs (14.3%) were the most frequent groups of medication used, Of those surveyed
76.5% who took drugs regularly had never been warned by health professionals about the effects of the
medication use on driving skills. The study shows both how often drivers use medication as well as the
need to inform patients and drivers about the effect of medication on driving performance
The Use of Medication by the Spanish Population

Producción CientíficaThe aim of the study was to assess patterns of the use of medicines by the general population older than
0 years. The study was based on the information contained in the computerized database from the 1993
Spanish Household Health Survey. A representative sample of the population older than 0 was identi-
®ed, and a survey of 26,334 persons was carried out. Of the population 45.3% had taken some medicine
in the last 2 weeks prior to the carrying out of the survey. The proportion was greater for women
(50.6%) than for men (39.6%). With increasing age, the frequency and amount of medication use
increased. A little over 20% of the medicines used were not prescribed by a doctor (self-medication).
Data show the frequency of the use of medicines by the Spanish population. # 1997 by John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd