pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Slowly decaying resonances of charged massive scalar fields in the Reissner–Nordström black-hole spacetime

AbstractWe determine the characteristic timescales associated with the linearized relaxation dynamics of the composed Reissner–Nordström-black-hole-charged-massive-scalar-field system. To that end, the quasinormal resonant frequencies {ωn(μ,q,M,Q)}n=0n=∞ which characterize the dynamics of a charged scalar field of mass μ and charge coupling constant q in the charged Reissner–Nordström black-hole spacetime of mass M and electric charge Q are determined analytically in the eikonal regime 1≪Mμ<qQ. Interestingly, we find that, for a given value of the dimensionless black-hole electric charge Q/M, the imaginary part of the resonant oscillation frequency is a monotonically decreasing function of the dimensionless ratio μ/q. In particular, it is shown that the quasinormal resonance spectrum is characterized by the asymptotic behavior ℑω→0 in the limiting case Mμ→qQ. This intriguing finding implies that the composed Reissner–Nordström-black-hole-charged-massive-scalar-field system is characterized by extremely long relaxation times τrelax≡1/ℑω→∞ in the Mμ/qQ→1− limit
Your own actions influence how you perceive other people: A misattribution of action appraisals

AbstractThe attribution of personal traits to other persons depends on the actions the observer performs at the same time (Bach & Tipper, 2007). Here, we show that the effect reflects a misattribution of appraisals of the observers’ own actions to the actions of others. We exploited spatial compatibility effects to manipulate how fluently—how fast and how accurately—participants identified two individuals performing sporty or academic actions. The traits attributed to each person in a subsequent rating task depended on the fluency of participants’ responses in a specific manner. An individual more fluently identified while performing the academic action appeared more academic and less sporty. An individual more fluently identified while performing the sporty action appeared sportier. Thus, social perception is—at least partially—embodied. The ease of our own responses can be misattributed to the actions of others, affecting which personal traits are attributed to them
Factor Influencing Logistics Service Providers Efficiency’ in Urban Distribution Systems

AbstractThe increased urbanization and the awareness of freight transportation impacts have stressed the importance of City Logistics (CL) as a comprehensive approach aimed at mitigating the negative effects of distribution activities without penalizing social, cultural, and economic issues. In this context, a crucial role is played by logistics service providers (LSPs). This paper proposes an empirical analysis on the operational factors determining the level of efficiency of a LSP.This study represents an attempt to develop a panel of operational variables supporting the efficiency of the urban distribution system of LSPs. The potential benefits are both economic and environmental
Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells

AbstractThis work reports on the development of CdTe thin film solar cells grown on ZnO nanowire arrays. The focus was placed on utilising ZnO nanowire arrays as a replacement to the conventional ZnO thin film buffer layer, thereby requiring minimal alteration to the existing solar cell structure. Incorporation of nanowires was found to alter subsequent film growth and processing, with the nanowire dimensions changing device performance significantly. Shorter, ~100nm, wires were found to produce particularly low device performance of <0.5% whilst longer wires in the range 250–2000nm were able to produce more functional cells. Working devices of up to 9.5% efficiency were achieved through the production of “embedded tip” nanowire solar cells. Variation of the nanowires length demonstrated that the nanowires were involved in carrier recombination and that this may be the performance limiting factor
Polyandry in nature: a global analysis

A popular notion in sexual selection is that females are polyandrous and their offspring are commonly sired by more than a single male. We now have large-scale evidence from natural populations to be able to verify this assumption. Although we concur that polyandry is a generally common and ubiquitous phenomenon, we emphasise that it remains variable. In particular, the persistence of single paternity, both within and between populations, requires more careful consideration. We also explore an intriguing relation of polyandry with latitude. Several recent large-scale analyses of the relations between key population fitness variables, such as heterozygosity, effective population size (Ne), and inbreeding coefficients, make it possible to examine the global effects of polyandry on population fitness for the first time
Comment on: “Reduction of static field equation of Faddeev model to first order PDE” [Phys. Lett. B 652 (2007) 384]

AbstractThe authors of the article [M. Hirayama, C.-G. Shi, Phys. Lett. B 652 (2007) 384, arXiv: 0707.2207] propose an interesting method to solve the Faddeev model by reducing it to a set of first order PDEs. They first construct a vectorial quantity α, depending on the original field and its first derivatives, in terms of which the field equations reduce to a linear first order equation. Then they find vectors α1 and α2 which identically obey this linear first order equation. The last step consists in the identification of the αi with the original α as a function of the original field. Unfortunately, the authors overlook a constraint implied by their construction, which invalidates most of their subsequent results
Stable Eχtensions with(out) gravity

AbstractWe investigate the vacuum stability as well as the gravitational corrections in extensions of the Standard Model featuring a new complex scalar, and two Dirac fermions for different choices of the hypercharge of the scalar and one of the two fermions. The neutral fermion acquires loop-induced magnetic interactions with the Standard Model and could be identified with a dark matter candidate. To the lowest order in perturbation theory we show that these extensions can save the electroweak vacuum from being metastable. We then add the gravitational corrections to the different beta functions and discover that the models can be compatible with the asymptotically safe gravity scenario at the price of a heavier Higgs and lighter top mass
Investing in nature: Developing ecosystem service markets for peatland restoration

AbstractTo meet the challenge of proactive ecosystem-based climate mitigation and adaptation, new sources of funding are needed. Peatlands provide the most efficient global store of terrestrial carbon. Degraded peatlands, however, contribute disproportionally to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with approximately 25% of all CO2 emissions from the land use sector, while restoration can be cost-effective. Peatland restoration therefore provides a newopportunity for investing in ecosystem-based mitigation through the development of carbon markets. Set in the international policy and carbon market context, this paper demonstrates the necessary scientific evidence and policy frameworks needed to develop ecosystem service markets for peatland restoration. Using the UK and NE Germany as case studies, we outline the climate change mitigation potential of peatlands and how changes in GHG emissions after restoration may be measured. We report on market demand research in carbon market investments that provide sponsors with quantification and officially certified recognition of the climate and other co-benefits. Building on this, we develop the necessary requirements for developing regional carbon markets to fund peatland restoration. While this paper focuses on the UK and German context, it draws on international experience, and is likely to be directly applicable across peatlands in Europe and North America
Cell Adhesion Geometry Regulates Non-Random DNA Segregation and Asymmetric Cell Fates in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells

SummaryCells of several metazoan species have been shown to non-randomly segregate their DNA such that older template DNA strands segregate to one daughter cell. The mechanisms that regulate this asymmetry remain undefined. Determinants of cell fate are polarized during mitosis and partitioned asymmetrically as the spindle pole orients during cell division. Chromatids align along the pole axis; therefore, it is unclear whether extrinsic cues that determine spindle pole position also promote non-random DNA segregation. To mimic the asymmetric divisions seen in the mouse skeletal stem cell niche, we used micropatterns coated with extracellular matrix in asymmetric and symmetric motifs. We show that the frequency of non-random DNA segregation and transcription factor asymmetry correlates with the shape of the motif and that these events can be uncoupled. Furthermore, regulation of DNA segregation by cell adhesion occurs within a defined time interval. Thus, cell adhesion cues have a major impact on determining both DNA segregation patterns and cell fates
The meerkat effect: Personality and market returns affect investors’ portfolio monitoring behaviour

AbstractKarlsson, Loewenstein and Seppi (2009) found that, following market downswings, investors are less likely to login to monitor their retirement portfolios. They concluded that, rather like (apocryphal) ostriches sticking their heads in the sand, investors avoid unpleasant information by reducing portfolio monitoring in response to news of negative market movement. We apply generalised non-linear mixed effects models to test for this selective information monitoring at an individual level in a new sample of active online investors. We see different behaviour in this new sample. We find that investors increase their portfolio monitoring following both positive and daily negative market returns, behaving more like hyper-vigilant meerkats than head-in-the-sand ostriches. This pattern persists for logins not resulting in trades and weekend logins when markets are closed. Moreover, an investor personality trait – neuroticism – moderates the pattern of portfolio monitoring suggesting that market – driven variation in portfolio monitoring is attributable to psychological factors
Single trial analysis of field potentials in perception, learning and memory

The analysis of single trial responses of field potentials is an important tool to study brain signals. Single trial analyses can indeed provide additional information that is obscured or simply not available in the average responses. The importance of studying single trial responses is reinforced by the fact that different brain processes are correlated with trial-by-trial variation of the responses. Here, we review key studies implementing single trial analyses of field potentials—using methods such as single trial latency, amplitude and power changes, spike and LFP relationships, correlations between areas, cross frequency coupling, decoding of the presented stimuli—that bring light into the neural basis of perception, learning and memory
Behaviour that underpins non-pathological criminal incapacity and automatism: Toward clarity for psychiatric testimony

AbstractPsychiatric expert testimony is challenging in cases of violence when the accused person submits a defence that he or she was so overwhelmed by emotions triggered by an upsetting event that his or her violent behaviour was an uncontrollable consequence of the emotions. This defence is usually presented in terms of an automatism particularly not attributed to a mental disorder. Clouding testimony in these cases is the various definitions of both automatism and mental disorder—definitions by which the jurisprudential distinction is made between a sane and an insane automatism, or pathological and non-pathological incapacity (NPCI).To avert testimony that is tainted from the very beginning by the lack of agreed definitions, this article proposes that psychiatrists focus in their assessment and testimony on particularly the behaviour as being distinct from the jurisprudential concerns whether that behaviour constitutes an automatism and whether it is (not) attributed to a mental disorder. This focus on the behaviour affords clarity by which the properties of the behaviour may be examined theoretically and clinically in terms of behaviour therapy, specifying accordingly its antecedents, consequences, topography, intensity, latency, duration, frequency, and quality.So informed, the behaviour that underpins NPCI and automatism is described here as emotionally triggered involuntary violent behaviour about which testimony may be given distinct from whether the behaviour is (not) causally attributed to a mental disorder, and from jurisprudential concerns with accountability
Exploring the Thread-level Parallelisms for the Next Generation Geophysical Fluid Modelling Framework Fluidity-ICOM

AbstractIn this paper, we highlight our progress in implementing a hybrid OpenMP-MPI version of the unstructured finite element appli- cation Fluidity-ICOM. We demonstrate that utilising non-blocking algorithms and libraries are critical to mixed-mode application so that it can achieve better parallel performance than the pure MPI version. In the matrix assembly kernels, the OpenMP parallel algorithm utilises graph colouring to identify independent sets of elements that can be assembled simultaneously with no race con- ditions. The TCMalloc are used here to tackle performance issues arising from automatic arrays memory allocations. The sparse linear systems defined by various equations are solved by using threaded PETSc and HYPRE is utilised as a threaded preconditioner through the PETSc interface. Since unstructured finite element codes are well known to be memory bound, particular attention has to be paid to ccNUMA architectures where data locality is particularly important to achieve good intra-node scaling characteristics. With mixed mode MPI/OpenMP, Fluidity-ICOM can now run well above 32K cores job, which offers Fluidity-ICOM capability to solve the “grand-challenge” problems
Bin Packing Problems with Uncertainty on Item Characteristics: An Application to Capacity Planning in Logistics

AbstractMost modern companies are part of international economic networks, where goods are produced under different strategies, then transported over long distances and stored for variable periods of time at different locations along the considered network. These activities are often performed by first consolidating goods in appropriate bins, which are then stored at warehouses and shipped using multiple vehicles through various transportation modes. Companies thus face the problem of planning for sufficient capacity, e.g., negotiating it with third party logistic firms (3PLs) that specify both the capacity to be used and the logistical services to be performed. Given the time lag that usually exists between the capacity-planning decisions and the operational decisions that define how the planned capacity is used, the common assumption that all information concerning the parameters of the model is known is unlikely to be observed. We therefore propose a new stochastic problem, named the Variable Cost and Size Bin Packing Problem with Stochastic Items. The problem considers a company making a tactical capacity plan by choosing a set of appropriate bins, which are defined according to their specific volume and fixed cost. Bins included in the capacity plan are chosen in advance without the exact knowledge of what items will be available for the dispatching. When, during the operational phase, the planned capacity is not sufficient, extra capacity must be purchased. An extensive experimental plan is used to analyze the impact that diversity in instance structure has on the capacity planning and the effect of considering different levels of variability and correlation of the stochastic parameters related to items
Search for W′ boson production in the W′→tb¯ decay channel

AbstractWe present a search for the production of a new heavy gauge boson W′ that decays to a top quark and a bottom quark. We have analyzed 230 pb−1 of data collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in any region of the final state invariant mass distribution. We set upper limits on the production cross section of W′ bosons times branching ratio to top quarks at the 95% confidence level for several different W′ boson masses. We exclude masses between 200 and 610 GeV for a W′ boson with standard-model-like couplings, between 200 and 630 GeV for a W′ boson with right-handed couplings that is allowed to decay to both leptons and quarks, and between 200 and 670 GeV for a W′ boson with right-handed couplings that is only allowed to decay to quarks
Metformin increases APP expression and processing via oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-κB activation: Use of insulin to attenuate metformin's effect

AbstractClinical and experimental biomedical studies have shown Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study demonstrates the effect of metformin, a therapeutic biguanide administered for T2DM therapy, on β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Furthermore, the protective role of insulin against metformin is also demonstrated. In LAN5 neuroblastoma cells, metformin increases APP and presenilin levels, proteins involved in AD. Overexpression of APP and presenilin 1 (Pres 1) increases APP cleavage and intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which, in turn, promotes aggregation of Aβ. In the experimental conditions utilized the drug causes oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, decrease of Hexokinase-II levels and cytochrome C release, all of which lead to cell death. Several changes in oxidative stress-related genes following metformin treatment were detected by PCR arrays specific for the oxidative stress pathway. These effects of metformin were found to be antagonized by the addition of insulin, which reduced Aβ levels, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Similarly, antioxidant molecules, such as ferulic acid and curcumin, are able to revert metformin's effect. Comparable results were obtained using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, the involvement of NF-κB transcription factor in regulating APP and Pres 1 expression was investigated. Upon metformin treatment, NF-κB is activated and translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it induces increased APP and Pres 1 transcription. The use of Bay11-7085 inhibitor suppressed the effect of metformin on APP and Pres 1 expression
Can Effective Field Theory of inflation generate large tensor-to-scalar ratio within Randall–Sundrum single braneworld?

AbstractIn this paper my prime objective is to explain the generation of large tensor-to-scalar ratio from the single field sub-Planckian inflationary paradigm within Randall–Sundrum (RS) single braneworld scenario in a model independent fashion. By explicit computation I have shown that the effective field theory prescription of brane inflation within RS single brane setup is consistent with sub-Planckian excursion of the inflaton field, which will further generate large value of tensor-to-scalar ratio, provided the energy density for inflaton degrees of freedom is high enough compared to the brane tension in high energy regime. Finally, I have mentioned the stringent theoretical constraint on positive brane tension, cut-off of the quantum gravity scale and bulk cosmological constant to get sub-Planckian field excursion along with large tensor-to-scalar ratio as recently observed by BICEP2 or at least generates the tensor-to-scalar ratio consistent with the upper bound of Planck (2013 and 2015) data and Planck+BICEP2+Keck Array joint constraint
Physics of neutrino flavor transformation through matter–neutrino resonances

AbstractIn astrophysical environments such as core-collapse supernovae and neutron star–neutron star or neutron star–black hole mergers where dense neutrino media are present, matter–neutrino resonances (MNRs) can occur when the neutrino propagation potentials due to neutrino–electron and neutrino–neutrino forward scattering nearly cancel each other. We show that neutrino flavor transformation through MNRs can be explained by multiple adiabatic solutions similar to the Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein mechanism. We find that for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, neutrino flavor evolution through MNRs can be sensitive to the shape of neutrino spectra and the adiabaticity of the system, but such sensitivity is absent for the inverted hierarchy
BDNF in the Dentate Gyrus Is Required for Consolidation of “Pattern-Separated” Memories

SummarySuccessful memory involves not only remembering information over time, but also keeping memories distinct and less confusable. The computational process for making representations for similar input patterns more distinct from each other has been referred to as “pattern separation.” In this work, we developed a set of behavioral conditions that allowed us to manipulate the load for pattern separation at different stages of memory. Thus, we provide experimental evidence that a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent pattern separation process occurs during the encoding/storage/consolidation, but not the retrieval stage of memory processing. We also found that a spontaneous increase in BDNF in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is associated with exposure to landmarks delineating similar, but not dissimilar, spatial locations, suggesting that BDNF is expressed on an “as-needed” basis for pattern separation
Asymptotic safety in O(N) scalar models coupled to gravity

AbstractWe extend recent results on scalar–tensor theories to the case of an O(N)-invariant multiplet. Some exact fixed point solutions of the RG flow equations are discussed. We find that also in the functional context, on employing a standard “type-I” cutoff, too many scalars destroy the gravitational fixed point. For d=3 we show the existence of the gravitationally dressed Wilson–Fisher fixed point also for N>1. We discuss also the results of the analysis for a different, scalar-free, coarse-graining scheme
Policy-Carrying Data: A Step Towards Transparent Data Sharing

AbstractThe emerging research and application domains of the Internet-of-Things and Big Data, together with socio-technical phenomena such as social networking, as well as mobile phones (equipped with sensors, GPS, etc.) make us – companies, research centres, people in general – all (sometimes unwittingly, possibly unwillingly) producers and consumers of data. A sensitive issue for data providers concerns control over access, sharing, dissemination and use of data. By control, we mean placing limitations on who can access the data, when data can be accessed, how data can be accessed, and so on. We propose means to capture the expression of controls over data and to associate that indivisibly with the data via what we call “policy-carrying data” (PCD). The PCD establishes permissions for what the consumer may do to the data, but also – in a novel addition for such policies – establish what the consumer can/must do subsequently with the data. We formalise PCD and illustrate how it can meet potential stakeholder requirements