pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Institutional legacies and HRM: similarities and differences in HRM practices in Portugal and Mozambique

This is a study of institutional change and continuity, comparing the trajectories followed by Mozambique and its formal colonial power Portugal in HRM, based on two surveys of firm level practices. The colonial power sought to extend the institutions of the metropole in the closing years of its rule, and despite all the adjustments and shocks that have accompanied Mozambique’s post-independence years, the country continues to retain institutional features and associated practices from the past. This suggests that there is a post-colonial impact on human resource management. The implications for HRM theory are that ambitious attempts at institutional substitution may have less dramatic effects than is commonly assumed. Indeed, we encountered remarkable similarities between the two countries in HRM practices, implying that features of supposedly fluid or less mature institutional frameworks (whether in Africa or the Mediterranean world) may be sustained for protracted periods of time, pressures to reform notwithstanding. This highlights the complexities of continuities which transcend formal rules; as post-colonial theories alert us, informal conventions and embedded discourse may result in the persistence of informal power and subordination, despite political and legal changes
The value of the follow-through derives from motor learning depending on future actions.

In ball sports, we are taught to follow through, despite the inability of events after contact or release to influence the outcome [1, 2]. Here we show that the specific motor memory active at any given moment critically depends on the movement that will be made in the near future. We demonstrate that associating a different follow-through movement with two motor skills that normally interfere [3-7] allows them to be learned simultaneously, suggesting that distinct future actions activate separate motor memories. This implies that when learning a skill, a variable follow-through would activate multiple motor memories across practice, whereas a consistent follow-through would activate a single motor memory, resulting in faster learning. We confirm this prediction and show that such follow-through effects influence adaptation over time periods associated with real-world skill learning. Overall, our results indicate that movements made in the immediate future influence the current active motor memory. This suggests that there is a critical time period both before [8] and after the current movement that determines motor memory activation and controls learning
Anisotropic plasmas from axion and dilaton deformations.

We construct black hole solutions of type IIB supergravity that are holographically dual to anisotropic plasmas arising from deformations of an infinite class of four-dimensional CFTs. The CFTs are dual to AdS5 × X5, where X5 is an Einstein manifold, and the deformations involve the type IIB axion and dilaton, with non-trivial periodic dependence on one of the spatial directions of the CFT. At low temperatures the solutions approach smooth domain wall solutions with the same AdS5 × X5 solution appearing in the far IR. For sufficiently large deformations an intermediate scaling regime appears which is governed by a Lifshitz-like scaling solution. We calculate the DC thermal conductivity and some components of the shear viscosity tensor
On the ultimate precision of meson mixing observables.

Meson mixing is considered to be an ideal testing ground for new physics searches. Experimental precision has greatly increased over the recent years, exceeding in several cases the theoretical precision. A possible limit in the theoretical accuracy could be a hypothetical breakdown of quark–hadron duality. We propose a simple model for duality violations and give stringent phenomenological bounds on its effects on mixing observables, indicating regions where future measurements of ΔΓd, View the MathML source and View the MathML source would give clear signals of new physics. Finally, we turn our attention to the charm sector, and reveal that a modest duality violation of about 20% could explain the huge difference between HQE predictions for D mixing and experimental data
The impact of National Qualifications Frameworks: :
                    by which yardstick do we measure dreams?

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Education and Work on 16 December 2015. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 16June 2017. The version of record is available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13639080.2015.1122178National Qualifications Frameworks (NQFs) are a global phenomenon. This is evidenced by their scale, coverage and intrinsic link with education policy across Europe and beyond. Research into their impact has encompassed a number of perspectives; theoretical, practical and evaluative. Yet, despite the existence of critical literature related to the development, design and impact of NQFs, little research has questioned the actual feasibility of researching the ???impact??? of NQFs per se. The arguments in this paper position such research as both unfeasible and futile: a dream for which it is impossible to identify a suitable yardstick to measure. We base our argument around three broad themes: linguistics and semantics; homogeneity and; methodological complexity. Around these themes we aim to show why such research has proved problematic and, in doing so, contribute to the field as it explores the impact of NQFs in the future
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants.

One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes.
We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.
We used data from 751 studies including 4,372,000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (&gt;30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.
Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
Wellcome Trust
Measurement of prompt J/ψ pair production in pp collisions at s √s = 7 Tev

Production of prompt J/ψ meson pairs in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 7 TeV is measured with the CMS experiment at the LHC in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 4.7 fb[superscript −1]. The two J/ψ mesons are fully reconstructed via their decays into μ + μ − pairs. This observation provides for the first time access to the high-transverse-momentum region of J/ψ pair production where model predictions are not yet established. The total and differential cross sections are measured in a phase space defined by the individual J/ψ transverse momentum (p[subscript T][superscript J/ψ] ) and rapidity (|y [superscript J/ψ] |): |y [superscript J/ψ] | < 1.2 for p T[superscript  J/ψ] > 6.5 GeV/c; 1.2 < |y [superscript J/ψ] | < 1.43 for a p T threshold that scales linearly with |y [superscript J/ψ] | from 6.5 to 4.5 GeV/c; and 1.43 < |y[superscript  J/ψ] | < 2.2 for p [subscript T] [superscript J/ψ] > 4.5 GeV/c. The total cross section, assuming unpolarized prompt J/ψ pair production is 1.49 ± 0.07 (stat) ±0.13 (syst) nb. Different assumptions about the J/ψ polarization imply modifications to the cross section ranging from −31% to +27%.Alfred P. Sloan FoundationNational Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of Energ
Antibiotics for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children (Review)

<b><font color="blue">Background</font></b>\ud
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 - Mycoplasma pneumoniae (<i>M. pneumoniae</i>) is widely recognised as an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. Pulmonary manifestations are typically tracheobronchitis or pneumonia but <i>M. pneumoniae</i> is also implicated in wheezing episodes in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals. Although antibiotics are used to treat LRTIs, a review of several major textbooks offers conflicting advice for using antibiotics in the management of <i>M. pneumoniae</i> LRTI in children.\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Objectives</font></b>\ud
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 - To determine whether antibiotics are effective in the treatment of childhood LRTI secondary to <i>M. pneumoniae</i> infections acquired in the community.\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Search methods</font></b>\ud
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 - We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to July week 4, 2014), EMBASE (1980 to July, 2014), and both WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov (13 August 2014).\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Selection criteria</font></b>\ud
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 - Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing antibiotics commonly used for treating <i>M. pneumoniae</i> (i.e. macrolide, tetracycline or quinolone classes) versus placebo, or antibiotics from any other class in the treatment of children under 18 years of age with community-acquired LRTI secondary to <i>M. pneumoniae</i>.\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Data collection and analysis</font></b>\ud
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 - The review authors independently selected trials for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. We extracted and analysed relevant data separately and resolved disagreements by consensus.\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Main results</font></b>\ud
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 - A total of 1912 children were enrolled from seven studies. Data interpretation was limited by the inability to extract data that referred to children with <i>M. pneumoniae</i>. In most studies, clinical response did not differ between children randomised to a macrolide antibiotic and children randomised to a non-macrolide antibiotic. In one controlled study (of children with recurrent respiratory infections, whose acute LRTI was associated with Mycoplasma, Chlamydia or both, by polymerase chain reaction and/or paired sera) 100% of children treated with azithromycin had clinical resolution of their illness compared to 77% not treated with azithromycin at one month.\ud
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<b><font color="blue">Authors' conclusions</font></b>\ud
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 - There is insufficient evidence to draw any specific conclusions about the efficacy of antibiotics for this condition in children (although one trial suggests macrolides may be efficacious in some children with LRTI secondary to Mycoplasma). The use of antibiotics has to be balanced with possible adverse events. There is still a need for high quality, double-blinded RCTs to assess the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for LRTI secondary to <i>M. pneumoniae</i> in children
Clinical impact of the ERBP Working Group 2010 Recommendations for the anemia management in chronic kidney disease not on dialysis: ACERCA study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Anemia Working Group of ERBP in 2010 recommended a target hemoglobin (Hb) level in the range of 11-12 g/dL, without intentionally exceeding 13 g/dL during the treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). This study evaluated if there was a clinical impact of this statement in the anemia management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients treated with ESAs not on dialysis in routine clinical practice in Spain. METHODS: This was an observational and cross-sectional study carried out in CKD patients not on dialysis in Spain who initiated ESA treatment (naïve), or were shifted from a previous ESA to another ESAs (converted) since January 2011. RESULTS: Of 441 patients evaluated, 67.6% were naïve and 32.4% were converted. At the study visit, 42.5% of naïve patients achieved the Hb target of 11-12 g/dL, with a mean Hb of 11.3±1.3 g/dL (vs 10.1±0.9 g/dL at the start of ESA therapy). Only 35.3% of converted patients maintained Hb levels within the recommended target at the study visit. Yet, 8.2% of naïve patients and 7.9% of those converted had Hb levels >13 g/dL. Hb levels were similar across subgroups of patients, regardless of the presence of significant comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Anemia management in CKD patients treated with ESAs by Spanish nephrologists seems to be aimed at preventing Hb levels <11 g/dL, while <50% of patients were within the narrow recommended Hb target range. This, together with the lack of individualization in Hb targets according to patients' comorbidities show that there is still room for improvement in renal anemia management in the clinical setting
Myeloid Growth Factors Promote Resistance to Mycobacterial Infection by Curtailing Granuloma Necrosis through Macrophage Replenishment

SummaryThe mycobacterial ESX-1 virulence locus accelerates macrophage recruitment to the forming tuberculous granuloma. Newly recruited macrophages phagocytose previously infected apoptotic macrophages to become new bacterial growth niches. Granuloma macrophages can then necrose, releasing mycobacteria into the extracellular milieu, which potentiates their growth even further. Using zebrafish with genetic or pharmacologically induced macrophage deficiencies, we find that global macrophage deficits increase susceptibility to mycobacterial infection by accelerating granuloma necrosis. This is because reduction in the macrophage supply below a critical threshold decreases granuloma macrophage replenishment to the point where apoptotic infected macrophages, failing to get engulfed, necrose. Reducing macrophage demand by removing bacterial ESX-1 offsets the susceptibility of macrophage deficits. Conversely, increasing macrophage supply in wild-type fish by overexpressing myeloid growth factors induces resistance by curtailing necrosis. These findings may explain the susceptibility of humans with mononuclear cytopenias to mycobacterial infections and highlight the therapeutic potential of myeloid growth factors in tuberculosis
Cosmology from quantum potential in brane–anti-brane system

AbstractRecently, some authors removed the big-bang singularity and predicted an infinite age of our universe. In this paper, we show that the same result can be obtained in string theory and M-theory; however, the shape of universe changes in different epochs. In our mechanism, first, N fundamental string decay to N D0–anti-D0-brane. Then, D0-branes join each other, grow and form a six-dimensional brane–antibrane system. This system is unstable, broken and at present the form of four-dimensional universes, one anti-universe in addition to one wormhole are produced. Thus, there isn't any big-bang in cosmology and the universe is a fundamental string at the beginning. Also, the total age of universe contains two parts, one is related to initial age and the other corresponds to the present age of universe (ttot=tinitial+tpresent). On the other hand, the initial age of universe includes two parts, the age of fundamental string and the time of transition (tinitial=ttransition+tf-string). We observe that only in the case of (tf-string→∞), the scale factor of universe is zero and as a result, the total age of universe is infinity
Quartetting in odd–odd self-conjugate nuclei

AbstractWe provide a description of odd–odd self-conjugate nuclei in the sd shell in a formalism of collective quartets and pairs. Quartets are four-body structures carrying isospin T=0 while pairs can have either T=0 or T=1. Both quartets and pairs are labeled by the angular momentum J and they are chosen so as to describe the lowest states of 20Ne (quartets) and the lowest T=0 and T=1 states of 18F (pairs). We carry out configuration interaction calculations in spaces built by one quartet and one pair for 22Na and by two quartets and one pair for 26Al. The spectra that are generated are in good agreement with the shell model and experimental ones. These calculations confirm the relevance of quartetting in the structure of N=Z nuclei that had already emerged in previous studies of the even–even systems and highlight the role of J>0 quartets in the composition of the odd–odd spectra
Developing a framework for responsible innovation

AbstractThe governance of emerging science and innovation is a major challenge for contemporary democracies. In this paper we present a framework for understanding and supporting efforts aimed at ‘responsible innovation’. The framework was developed in part through work with one of the first major research projects in the controversial area of geoengineering, funded by the UK Research Councils. We describe this case study, and how this became a location to articulate and explore four integrated dimensions of responsible innovation: anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness. Although the framework for responsible innovation was designed for use by the UK Research Councils and the scientific communities they support, we argue that it has more general application and relevance
Electron–positron pair oscillation in spatially inhomogeneous electric fields and radiation

AbstractIt is known that strong electric fields produce electron and positron pairs from the vacuum, and due to the back-reaction these pairs oscillate back and forth coherently with the alternating electric fields in time. We study this phenomenon in spatially inhomogeneous and bound electric fields by integrating the equations of energy–momentum and particle-number conservations and Maxwell equations. The space and time evolutions of the pair-induced electric field, electric charge- and current-densities are calculated. The results show non-vanishing electric charge-density and the propagation of pair-induced electric fields, that are different from the case of homogeneous and unbound electric fields. The space and time variations of pair-induced electric charges and currents emit an electromagnetic radiation. We obtain the narrow spectrum and intensity of this radiation, whose peak ωpeak locates in the region around 4 keV for electric field strength ∼Ec. We discuss their relevances to both the laboratory experiments for electron and positron pair-productions and the astrophysical observations of compact stars with an electromagnetic structure
Statistics of 2+ levels in even–even nuclei

AbstractUsing all the available empirical information, we analyze the spacing distributions of low-lying 2+ levels of even–even nuclei. To obtain statistically relevant samples, the nuclei are grouped into classes defined by the ratio R4/2 of the excitation energies of the first 4+ and 2+ levels. This ratio serves as a measure of collectivity in nuclei. With the help of Bayesian inference, we determine the chaoticity parameter for each class. This parameter is found to vary strongly with R4/2 and takes particularly small values in nuclei that have one of the dynamical symmetries of the interacting boson model
Ginzburg–Landau phase diagram of QCD near chiral critical point – chiral defect lattice and solitonic pion condensate

AbstractWe investigate the influence of the isospin asymmetry on the phase structure of quark matter near the chiral critical point systematically using a generalized version of Ginzburg–Landau approach. The effect has proven to be so profound that it brings about not only a shift of the critical point but also a rich variety of phases in its neighborhood. In particular, there shows up a phase with spatially varying charged pion condensate which we name the “solitonic pion condensate” in addition to the “chiral defect lattice” where the chiral condensate is partially destructed by periodic placements of two-dimensional wall-like defects. Our results suggest that there may be an island of solitonic pion condensate in the low temperature and high density side of QCD phase diagram
Probing the 8He ground state via the 8He(p,t)6He reaction

AbstractThe weakly-bound 8He nucleus exhibits a neutron halo or thick neutron skin and is generally considered to have an α+4n structure in its ground state, with the four valence neutrons each occupying 1p3/2 states outside the α core. The 8He(p,t)6He reaction is a sensitive probe of the ground state structure of 8He, and we present a consistent analysis of new and existing data for this reaction at incident energies of 15.7 and 61.3A MeV, respectively. Our results are incompatible with the usual assumption of a pure (1p3/2)4 structure and suggest that other configurations such as (1p3/2)2(1p1/2)2 may be present with significant probability in the ground state wave function of 8He
Approaches for Improving Cutting Processes and Machine Tools in Re-contouring

AbstractRe-contouring in the repair process of aircraft engine blades and vanes is a crucial task. Highest demands are made on the geometrical accuracy as well as on the machined surface of the part. Complexity rises even more due to the unique part characteristic originating from the operation and repair history. This requires well-designed processes and machine tool technologies. In this paper, approaches for coping with these challenges and improving the re-contouring process are described and discussed. This includes an advanced process simulation with its capabilities to accurately depict different material areas and predict process forces. Beyond, experimental investigations on workpiece-tool-deflection are presented. Finally, a machine tool prototype with a novel electromagnetic guiding system is introduced and the benefits of this technology in the field of repair are outline