pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Application of the photoreflectance technique to the characterization of quantum dot intermediate band materials for solar cells

Intermediate band materials rely on the creation of a new electronic band within the bandgap of a conventional semiconductor that is isolated from the conduction and valence band by a true zero density of states. Due to the presence of the intermediate band, a solar cell manufactured using these materials is capable of producing additional photocurrent, thanks to the absorption of photons with energy lower than the conventional bandgap. In this respect, the characterization of these materials by suitable techniques becomes a key element in the development of the new photovoltaic devices called intermediate band solar cells. The technique of photoreflectance is particularly suited to this purpose because it is contact-less and allows the characterization of the material without the need of actually manufacturing a complete device. Using room temperature photoreflectance we have analyzed intermediate band materials based on quantum dots and have been able to identify the energy levels involved. Also, from the photoreflectance data we have demonstrated the overlap of the wave-functions defined by the quantum dots
Compositional, structural and morphological modifications of N-rich Cu3N films induced by irradiation with Cu at 42 MeV

N-rich Cu3N films were irradiated with Cu at 42 MeV in the fluences range from 4 × 1011 to 1 × 1014 cm−2. The radiation-induced changes in the chemical composition, structural phases, surface morphology and optical properties have been characterized as a function of ion fluence, substrate temperature and angle of incidence of the incoming ion by means of ion-beam analysis (IBA), x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, profilometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. IBA methods reveal a very efficient sputtering of N whose yield (5 × 103 atom/ion) is almost independent of substrate temperature (RT-300 °C) but slightly depends on the incidence angle of the incoming ion. The Cu content remains essentially constant within the investigated fluence range. All data suggest an electronic mechanism to be responsible for the N depletion. The release of nitrogen and the formation of Cu2O and metallic Cu are discussed on the basis of existing models
A Semi-Distributed Electric Demand-Side Management System with PV Generation for Self-Consumption Enhancement

This paper presents the operation of an Electrical Demand-Side Management (EDSM) system in a real solar house. The use of EDSM is one of the most important action lines to improve the grid electrical efficiency. The combination between the EDSM and the PV generation performs a new control level in the local electric behavior and allows new energy possibilities. The solar house used as test-bed for the EDSM system owns a PV generator, a lead-acid battery storage system and a grid connection. The electrical appliances are controllable from an embedded computer. The EDSM is implemented by a control system which schedules the tasks commanded by the user. By using the control system, we define the house energy policy and improve the energy behavior with regard to a selected energy criterion, self-consumption. The EDSM system favors self-consumption with regard to a standard user behavior and reduces the energy load from the grid
Dual-Composite Right-Left Handed Transmission Lines for the Design of Compact Diplexers

In this study, the use of dual-composite right-left-handed (D-CRLH) transmission lines is proposed for the design of diplexers. The D-CRLH diplexers present advantages over conventional diplexers such as smaller size (especially in the ultra high frequency band). The design procedure and the design equations are presented in this paper. The non-linear phase response of a D-CRLH transmission line has been used to design diplexers at any arbitrary frequencies. Finally, two diplexers have been designed and manufactured: one for quite near frequencies and the other for further ones. The simulation results show good agreement with the measurements. A sensitivity analysis has been provided to show the robustness of this kind of circuits
Numerical Analysis of the Effects of using Effervescent Atomization on Solution Precursor Thermal Spraying Process

The solution precursor thermal spraying (SPTS) process is used to obtain nano-sized dense coating\ud
layers. During the SPTS process, the in situ formation of nanoparticles is mainly dependent on\ud
combustion gas-temperature, gas-pressure, gas-velocity, torch design, fuel type, and Oxygen-Fuel\ud
(O/F) mixture ratios, precursor injection feeding ratio and flow rates, properties of fuel and\ud
precursor and its concentration, and the precursor droplets fragmentation. The focus of the present\ud
work is the numerical study of atomization of pure solvent droplets streams into fine droplets spray\ud
using an effervescent twin-fluid atomizer. For better droplet disintegration appropriate atomization\ud
techniques can be used for injecting the precursor in the CH-2000 high-velocity oxygen fuel\ud
(HVOF) torch. The CFD computations of the SPTS process are essentially required because the\ud
internal flow physics of HVOF process cannot be examined experimentally. In this research for the\ud
first time, an effervescent twin-fluid injection nozzle is designed to inject the solution precursor into\ud
the HVOF torch, and the effects on the HVOF flame dynamics are analyzed. The computational\ud
fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is performed using Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization\ud
(LISA) model and validated by the measured values of droplets size distribution at varied Gas-to-\ud
Liquid flow rate Ratios (GLR). Different nozzle diameters with varied injection parameters are\ud
numerically tested, and results are compared to observe the effects on the droplet disintegration and\ud
evaporation. It is concluded that the effervescent atomization nozzle used in the CH-2000 HVOF\ud
torch can work efficiently even with bigger exit diameters and with higher values of viscosity and\ud
surface-tension of the solution. It can generate smaller size precursor droplets (2 μm <d<20 μm) that\ud
could help in the formation of fine nanostructured coatings
Impact of intragranular microstructure development on ductility limits of multiphase steels

In this paper, the effects of microstructure and deformation mechanisms on the ductility of multiphase steels are investigated. To this end, a formability criterion based on loss of ellipticity of the boundary value problem is coupled with an advanced multiscale model accounting for intragranular microstructure development and evolution. The spatially heterogeneous distribution of dislocations inside the grain is represented by three types of local dislocation densities. The resulting large strain elastic-plastic single crystal constitutive law (based on crystal plasticity) is incorporated into a self-consistent scale-transition scheme. The present contribution focuses on the relationship between the intragranular microstructure of B.C.C. steels and their ductility. The model allows interesting comparisons in terms of formability limits for different dislocation networks, during monotonic loading tests applied to polycrystalline aggregates.ArcelorMitta
What are the Implications of Nonequilibrium in the O+OH and O+HO2 Reactions?

Vibrationally excited O2, OH, and HO2 species have been suggested (J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 758) to provide clues for explaining the ldquoozone deficit problemrdquo and ldquoHOx dilemmardquo in the middle atmosphere under conditions of local thermodynamic disequilibrium (LTD), but the question arises of how much LTD will affect the title ozone sink reactions. Besides providing novel kinetic results, it is shown that LTD tends to disfavor ozone depletion relative to traditional atmospheric modeling under Boltzmann equilibration, which is partly due to competition between the various reactive channels. The calculations also suggest that the title LTD processes can be important sources of highly vibrationally excited O2 in the middle atmosphere. Moreover, LTD is shown to offer an explanation for the fact that some down revision of the O+HO2 rate constant, or the ratio of the O+HO2 to O+OH rate constants, is required to improve agreement between the predictions of traditional modeling and observation. This, in turn, provides significant evidence supporting LTD at such altitudes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.20040033
Strain distribution in copper tensile specimens prestrained in rolling

Abstract  Sequences of orthogonal rolling-tension experiments were performed on polycrystalline copper sheets. The effect of strain path change on subsequent yield and flow behavior has been investigated. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to clarify the physical mechanisms occurring during the second deformation. The observed increase in yield stress in reloading was related to the change of slip systems corresponding to the glide of dislocations with a Burgers vector, which had not been active during prestrain. The transient observed in the workhardening behavior after the path change corresponds to the appearance of disorganization in the dislocation microstructure. It was shown that no special feature of slip behavior inside the grains can be related to the nonhomogeneous surface deformation observed at the beginning of reloading. Also, the plastic instability of prestrained samples corresponding to the maximum load in tension does not seem to be directly controlled by the developed local substructure. The nonuniform deformation observed in reloading was studied using a simplified macroscopic two-zone model. It takes into account the presence of geometrical defects in the samples and considers the importance of the mechanical behavior. The macroscopic results, concerning the delay of starting deformation in some regions, are explained by the model, which allows formulation of an analytical condition necessary for deformation to spread through the length of the sample before necking takes place.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0282-
Investigation of the Exclusive 3He(e, e’pn) 1H Reaction

Cross sections for the 3He(e,e\u27 pn)1H reaction were measured for the first time at energy transfers of 220 and 270 MeV for several momentum transfers ranging from 300 to 450 MeV/c. Cross sections are presented as a function of the momentum of the recoil proton and the momentum transfer. Continuum Faddeev calculations using the Argonne V18 and Bonn-B nucleon-nucleon potentials overestimate the measured cross sections by a factor 5 at low recoil proton momentum with the discrepancy becoming smaller at higher recoil proton momentum
Luminescent anion recognition: Probing the interaction between\ud
dihydrogenphosphate anions and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes in\ud
organic and aqueous media.

A photophysical study of the interaction between dihydrogen phosphate anions and a series of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes containing anion receptor 4,4'-bis[(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl]-2,2'-bipyridine (L1) is reported. The complexes investigated are of the type [Ru(L)[2](L1)]X[2] and [Ru(L1)[3]]X[2], where L is 2,2'-bipyridyl or 1,10-phenanthroline and X is chloride or PF[6]-. The emission properties of the compounds are studied as a function of the anion concentrations using emission lifetime and steady-state measurements. For the mixed ligand complexes the emission intensity and lifetime increases upon the addition of 2.5 molar equivalents of H[2]PO[4]-, further additions do not result in further increases. For [Ru(L1)[3]]X[2] the emission increases upon addition of the first 2.5 equivalents of dihydrogen phosphate, however, further increases lead to a decrease in both emission intensity and lifetime. The effect of the addition of trace amounts of water is also examined
Study of exciton-polariton modes in nanocrystalline thin films of CuCl using reflectance spectroscopy

CuCl thin films grown on (100) Si by thermal evaporation are studied using reflectance spectroscopy. The reflectance spectra in the near UV spectral range close to the CuCl bandgap are modeled using a dielectric response function based on an exciton-polariton response with various models involving dead layers and reflected waves in the thin film. The exciton-polariton structure obtained is compared to other studies of bulk CuCl crystals. These different models are analyzed using a matrix-based approach and they yield theoretical spectra of reflected intensity. The fits provide parameter values which can be compared to bulk data known for CuCl and provide a non-destructive means of quantitative analysis of CuCl thin films. The best models are shown to match the experimental data quite well, with the closest fits produced when thin film front and rear interfaces are included. This model also accurately simulates the Fabry-Perot fringes present at energies lower than the Z3 free exciton position in CuCl (at 3.272 eV)
Erich Kretschmann as a Proto-Logical-Empiricist: Adventures and Misadventures of the Point-Coincidence Argument

The present paper attempts to show that a 1915 article by Erich Kretschmann must be credited not only for being the source of Einstein’s point-coincidence remark, but also for having anticipated the main lines of the logical-empiricist interpretation of general relativity. Whereas Kretschmann was inspired by the work of Mach and Poincaré, Einstein inserted Kretschmann’s point-coincidence parlance into the context of Ricci and Levi-Civita’s absolute differential calculus. Kretschmann himself realized this and turned the point-coincidence argument against Einstein in his second and more famous 1918 paper. While Einstein had taken nothing from Kretschmann but the expression “point-coincidences”, the logical empiricists, however, instinctively dragged along with it the entire apparatus of Kretschmann’s conventionalism. Disappointingly, in their interpretation of general relativity, the logical empiricists unwittingly replicated some epistemological remarks Kretschmann had written before General Relativity even existed
Biomechanical analysis of the penalty-corner drag-flick of elite male and female hockey players

The aim of this study was to analyse the kinematic sequencing in the penalty-corner drag-flicks of elite male and female field hockey players of international calibre. Thirteen participants (one skilled male drag-flicker and six male and six female elite players) participated in the study. An optoelectronic motion analysis system was used to capture the drag-flicks with six cameras, sampling at 250 Hz. Select ground reaction force parameters were obtained from a force platform which registered the last support of the front foot. Twenty trials were captured from each subject. Both player groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) smaller ball velocity at release, peak angular velocity of the pelvis, and negative and positive peak angular velocities of the stick than the skilled subject. Normalised ground reaction forces of the gender groups were also smaller than that of the skilled drag-flicker. By comparing these players we established that the cues of the skill level are a wide stance, a whipping action (rapid back lift) of the stick followed by an explosive sequential movement of the pelvis, upper trunk and stick
Video-based tasks for emotional processing rehabilitation in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of cognitive processes and by a deficit of typi-cal emotional responses. Effectiveness of computerized task has been demonstrated in the field of cognitive rehabilitation. However, current rehabilitation programs based on virtual environments normally focus on higher cognitive functions, not covering social cognition training. This paper presents a set of video-based tasks specifically designed for the rehabilita-tion of emotional processing deficits in patients in early stages of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. These tasks are part of the Mental Health program of Guttmann NeuroPer-sonalTrainer® cognitive tele-rehabilitation platform, and entail innovation both from a clinical and technological per-spective in relation with former traditional therapeutic con-tents
Towards a systematic benchmarking of ontology-based query rewriting systems

Query rewriting is one of the fundamental steps in ontologybased data access (OBDA) approaches. It takes as inputs an ontology and a query written according to that ontology, and produces as an output a set of queries that should be evaluated to account for the inferences that should be considered for that query and ontology. Different query rewriting systems give support to different ontology languages with varying expressiveness, and the rewritten queries obtained as an output do also vary in expressiveness. This heterogeneity has traditionally made it difficult to compare different approaches, and the area lacks in general commonly agreed benchmarks that could be used not only for such comparisons but also for improving OBDA support. In this paper we compile data, dimensions and measurements that have been used to evaluate some of the most recent systems, we analyse and characterise these assets, and provide a unified set of them that could be used as a starting point towards a more systematic benchmarking process for such systems. Finally, we apply this initial benchmark with some of the most relevant OBDA approaches in the state of the art
Federating queries in SPARQL 1.1: syntax, semantics and evaluation

Given the sustained growth that we are experiencing in the number of SPARQL endpoints available, the need to be\ud
able to send federated SPARQL queries across these has also grown. To address this use case, the W3C SPARQL\ud
working group is defining a federation extension for SPARQL 1.1 which allows for combining graph patterns that can\ud
be evaluated over several endpoints within a single query. In this paper, we describe the syntax of that extension and\ud
formalize its semantics. Additionally, we describe how a query evaluation system can be implemented for that federation extension, describing some static optimization techniques and reusing a query engine used for data-intensive science, so as to deal with large amounts of intermediate and final results. Finally we carry out a series of experiments that show that our optimizations speed up the federated query evaluation process
Determination of Maximum Mechanical Energy Efficiency in Energy Galloping Systems

Transverse galloping is a type of aeroelastic instability characterized by large amplitude, low frequency, normal to wind oscillations that appear in some elastic two-dimensional bluff bodies when subjected to a fluid flow, provided that the flow velocity exceeds a threshold critical value. Such an oscillatory motion is explained because of the energy transfer from the flow to the two-dimensional bluff body. The 7 amount of energy that can be extracted depends on the cross section of the galloping prism. Assuming that the Glauert-Den Hartog quasistatic criterion for galloping instability is satisfied in a first approximation, the suitability of a given cross section for energy harvesting is evaluated by analyzing the lateral aerodynamic force coefficient, fitting a function with a power series in tan a (a being the angle of attack) to 10 available experimental data. In this paper, a fairly large number of simple prisms (triangle, ellipse, biconvex, and rhombus cross sections, as well 11 as D-shaped bodies) is analyzed for suitability as energy harvesters. The influence of the fitting process in the energy harvesting efficiency evaluation is also demonstrated. The analysis shows that the more promising bodies are those with isosceles or approximate isosceles cross sections
Distributive effects of the new highway infrastructure in the Netherlands: the role of network effect and spatial spillovers

Network effects and spatial spillovers are intrinsic impacts of transport infrastructure. Network effects imply that an improvement in a particular link in a network generates effects in many other elements of that network, while spillover effects can be defined as those impacts occurring beyond the regions where the actual transport investment is made. These two related effects entail a redistribution of impacts among regions, and their omission from road planning is argued to cause the systematic underestimation of the profitability of transport projects and therefore the public financing they require. However, traditional transport appraisal methodologies fail to consider network and spillover effects. In this study we focus on the spillover impacts of two highway sections planned in the city region of Eindhoven, located in the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant, a region with traffic congestion problems. The new road infrastructure will be financed mainly by national government, the province and the urban region of Eindhoven (‘Stadsregio Eindhoven’), which consists of 21 municipalities. We measure the benefits of the additional links in terms of travel time savings and the accompanying monetary gains. The results show that important spillovers occur in those municipalities close to the new links. The province of Noord-Brabant will benefit the most. We also found important spillovers in the province of Limburg. This latter province will benefit from reduced travel times without contributing financially to the establishment of the analysed new road links
Ternary nanocomposites: curing, morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy/thermoplastic/organoclay systems

The influence of two organically modified montmorillonites on the curing, morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy/poly(vinyl acetate)/organoclay ternary nanocomposites was studied. The organoclays and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) provoked contrary effects on the epoxy curing reaction. Ternary nanocomposites developed different morphologies depending on the PVAc content, that were similar to those observed in the epoxy/PVAc binary blends. The organoclays were only located in the epoxy phase independently of the morphology. All nanocomposites showed intercalated structures with similar clay interlayer distances. Both PVAC and organoclays lowered the Tg of the epoxy phase, the presence of clays did not influence the Tg of the PVAc phase. The addition of the organoclays to the epoxy improved stiffness but lowered ductility while the adition of PVAc improved toughness although reduced stiffness of epoxy thermoset. Ternary nanocomposites exhibited optimal properties that combine the favourable effects of the clay and the thermoplastic
Relevance of equilibrium in multifragmentation

The relevance of equilibrium in a multifragmentation reaction of very central 40Ca + 40Ca collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon is investigated by using simulations of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). Two types of ensembles are compared. One is the reaction ensemble of the states at each reaction time t in collision events simulated by AMD, and the other is the equilibrium ensemble prepared by solving the AMD equation of motion for a many-nucleon system confined in a container for a long time. The comparison of the ensembles is performed for the fragment charge distribution and the excitation energies. Our calculations show that there exists an equilibrium ensemble that well reproduces the reaction ensemble at each reaction time t for the investigated period $80\leq t \leq 300 fm/c$. However, there are some other observables that show discrepancies between the reaction and equilibrium ensembles. These may be interpreted as dynamical effects in the reaction. The usual static equilibrium at each instant is not realized since any equilibrium ensemble with the same volume as that of the reaction system cannot reproduce the fragment observables