pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cortical thickness, surface area, and folding alterations in male youths with conduct disorder and varying levels of callous–unemotional traits

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have reported changes in gray matter volume in youths with conduct disorder (CD), although these differences are difficult to interpret as they may have been driven by alterations in cortical thickness, surface area (SA), or folding. The objective of this study was to use surface-based morphometry (SBM) methods to compare male youths with CD and age and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) in cortical thickness, SA, and folding. We also tested for structural differences between the childhood-onset and adolescence-onset subtypes of CD and performed regression analyses to assess for relationships between CD symptoms and callous–unemotional (CU) traits and SBM-derived measures.MethodsWe acquired structural neuroimaging data from 20 HCs and 36 CD participants (18 with childhood-onset CD and 18 with adolescence-onset CD) and analyzed the data using FreeSurfer.ResultsRelative to HCs, youths with CD showed reduced cortical thickness in the superior temporal gyrus, reduced SA in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and increased cortical folding in the insula. There were no significant differences between the childhood-onset and adolescence-onset CD subgroups in cortical thickness or SA, but several frontal and temporal regions showed increased cortical folding in childhood-onset relative to adolescence-onset CD participants. Both CD subgroups also showed increased cortical folding relative to HCs. CD symptoms were negatively correlated with OFC SA whereas CU traits were positively correlated with insula folding.ConclusionsCortical thinning in the superior temporal gyrus may contribute to the social cognitive impairments displayed by youths with CD, whereas reduced OFC SA may lead to impairments in emotion regulation and reward processing in youths with CD. The increased cortical folding observed in the insula may reflect a maturational delay in this region and could mediate the link between CU traits and empathy deficits. Altered cortical folding was observed in childhood-onset and adolescence-onset forms of CD
The hoop conjecture and cosmic censorship in the brane-world

AbstractThe initial data of gravity for a cylindrical matter distribution confined on the brane is studied in the framework of the single brane Randall–Sundrum scenario. We numerically found that the sufficiently thin configuration of matter leads to the formation of the marginal surface on the brane in the Randall–Sundrum model, even if the configuration is infinitely long. This means that the hoop conjecture proposed by Thorne does not hold in the Randall–Sundrum scenario; Even if a mass M does not get compacted into a region whose circumference(C) in every direction is C≲4πGM, black holes with horizons can form on the brane-world of the Randall–Sundrum scenario
Proteome-wide dataset supporting functional study of tyrosine kinases in breast cancer

AbstractTyrosine kinases (TKs) play an essential role in regulating various cellular activities and dysregulation of TK signaling contributes to oncogenesis. However, less than half of the TKs have been thoroughly studied. Through a combined use of RNAi and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics, a global functional proteomic landscape of TKs in breast cancer was recently revealed highlighting a comprehensive and highly integrated signaling network regulated by TKs (Stebbing et al., 2015) [1]. We collate the enormous amount of the proteomic data in an open access platform, providing a valuable resource for studying the function of TKs in cancer and benefiting the science community. Here we present a detailed description related to this study (Stebbing et al., 2015) [1] and the raw data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the identifier http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD002065
Predicting emotional reaction in social networks.

Online content has shifted from static and document-oriented to dynamic and discussion-oriented, leading users to spend an increasing amount of time navigating online discussions in order to participate in their social network. Recent work on emotional contagion in social networks has shown that information is not neutral and affects its receiver. In this work, we present an approach to detect the emotional impact of news, using a dataset extracted from the Facebook pages of a major news provider. The results of our approach significantly outperform our selected baselines
Management of infections in critically ill returning travellers in the intensive care unit-II: clinical syndromes and special considerations in immunocompromised patients.

This position paper is the second ESCMID Consensus Document on this subject and aims to provide intensivists, infectious disease specialists, and emergency physicians with a standardized approach to the management of serious travel-related infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) or the emergency department. This document is a cooperative effort between members of two European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) study groups and was coordinated by Hakan Leblebicioglu and Jordi Rello for ESGITM (ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Travellers and Migrants) and ESGCIP (ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients), respectively. A relevant expert on the subject of each section prepared the first draft which was then edited and approved by additional members from both ESCMID study groups. This article summarizes considerations regarding clinical syndromes requiring ICU admission in travellers, covering immunocompromised patients
On standard conjugate families for natural exponential families with bounded natural parameter space.

Diaconis and Ylvisaker (1979) give necessary conditions for conjugate priors for distributions from the natural exponential family to be proper as well as to have the\ud
property of linear posterior expectation of the mean parameter of the family. Their conditions for propriety and linear posterior expectation are also sufficient if the natural parameter space is equal to the set of all d-dimensional real numbers. In this paper their results are extended to characterize when conjugate priors are proper if the natural parameter space is bounded. For the special case where the natural exponential family is through a spherical probability distribution n,we show that the proper conjugate priors can be characterized by the behavior of the moment generating function of n at the boundary of the natural parameter space, or the second-order tail behavior of n. In addition, we\ud
show that if these families are non-regular, then linear posterior expectation never holds.\ud
The results for this special case are also extended to natural exponential families through elliptical probability distributions
Search for pair production of heavy vector-like quarks decaying to
  high-$p_{\text{T}}$ $W$ bosons and $b$ quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final
  state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for the pair production of heavy vector-like $T$ and
$B$ quarks, primarily targeting the $T$ quark decays to a $W$ boson and a
$b$-quark. The search is based on $36.1$ fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV recorded in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the
CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final
state, including at least one $b$-tagged jet and a large-radius jet identified
as originating from the hadronic decay of a high-momentum $W$ boson. No
significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed in the
reconstructed $T$ mass distribution. The observed 95% confidence level lower
limit on the $T$ mass are 1350 GeV assuming 100% branching ratio to $Wb$. In
the SU(2) singlet scenario, the lower mass limit is 1170 GeV. This search is
also sensitive to a heavy vector-like $B$ quark decaying to $Wt$ and other
final states. The results are thus reinterpreted to provide a 95% confidence
level lower limit on the $B$ quark mass at 1250 GeV assuming 100% branching
ratio to $Wt$; in the SU(2) singlet scenario, the limit is 1080 GeV. Mass
limits on both $T$ and $B$ production are also set as a function of the decay
branching ratios. The 100% branching ratio limits are found to be applicable to
heavy vector-like $Y$ and $X$ production that decay to $Wb$ and $Wt$,
respectively.Comment: 41 pages in total, author list starting page 25, 6 figures, 2 tables,
  published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2016-14
Macrophage Ontogeny Underlies Differences in Tumor-Specific Education in Brain Malignancies.

Extensive transcriptional and ontogenetic diversity exists among normal tissue-resident macrophages, with unique transcriptional profiles endowing the cells with tissue-specific functions. However, it is unknown whether the origins of different macrophage populations affect their roles in malignancy. Given potential artifacts associated with irradiation-based lineage tracing, it remains unclear if bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) are present in tumors of the brain, a tissue with no homeostatic involvement of BMDMs. Here, we employed multiple models of murine brain malignancy and genetic lineage tracing to demonstrate that BMDMs are abundant in primary and metastatic brain tumors. Our data indicate that distinct transcriptional networks in brain-resident microglia and recruited BMDMs are associated with tumor-mediated education yet are also influenced by chromatin landscapes established before tumor initiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microglia specifically repress Itga4 (CD49D), enabling its utility as a discriminatory marker between microglia and BMDMs in primary and metastatic disease in mouse and human
Observation of Feshbach resonances between alkali and closed-shell atoms

Magnetic Feshbach resonances are an invaluable tool for controlling ultracold
atoms and molecules. They can be used to tune atomic interactions and have been
used extensively to explore few- and many-body phenomena. They can also be used
for magnetoassociation, in which pairs of atoms are converted into molecules by
ramping an applied magnetic field across a resonance. Pairs of open-shell
atoms, such as the alkalis, chromium, and some lanthanides, exhibit broad
resonances because the corresponding molecule has multiple electronic states.
However, molecules formed between alkali and closed-shell atoms have only one
electronic state and no broad resonances. Narrow resonances have been predicted
in such systems, but until now have eluded observation. Here we present the
first observation of magnetic Feshbach resonances in a system containing a
closed-shell atom, Sr, interacting with an alkali atom, Rb. These resonances
pave the way to creating an ultracold gas of strongly polar, open-shell
molecules, which will open up new possibilities for designing quantum many-body
systems and for tests of fundamental symmetries.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 table
Exact solutions of two complementary one-dimensional quantum many-body systems on the half-line

This article was published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics [© American Institute of Physics] and the definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1865320We consider two particular one-dimensional quantum many-body systems with local interactions related to the root system CN. Both models describe identical particles moving on the half-line with nontrivial boundary conditions at the origin, but in the first model the particles interact with the delta interaction while in the second via a particular momentum dependent interaction commonly known as delta-prime interaction. We show that the Bethe ansatz solution of the delta-interaction model is consistent even for the general case where the particles are distinguishable, whereas for the delta-prime interaction it only is consistent and nontrivial in the fermion case. We also establish a duality between the bosonic delta- and the fermionic delta-prime model, and we elaborate on the physical interpretations of these models
The impact of persistent poor housing on mental health: A longitudinal population-based study

Living with housing problems increases the risk of mental ill health. Housing problems tend to persist over time but little is known about the mental health consequences of living with persistent housing problems. We investigated if persistence of poor housing affects mental health over and above the effect of current housing conditions. We used data from 13 annual waves of the British Household Panel Survey (1996 to 2008) (81,745 person/year observations from 16,234 individuals) and measured the persistence of housing problems by the number of years in the previous four that a household experienced housing problems. OLS regression models and lagged-change regression models were used to estimate the effects of past and current housing conditions on mental health, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire. Interaction terms tested if tenure type modified the impact of persistent poor housing on mental health. In fully adjusted models, mental health worsened as the persistence of housing problems increased. Adjustment for current housing conditions attenuated, but did not explain, the findings. Tenure type moderated the effects of persistent poor housing on mental health, suggesting that those who own their homes outright and those who live in social housing are most negatively affected. Persistence of poor housing was predictive of worse mental health, irrespective of current housing conditions, which added to the weight of evidence that demonstrates that living in poor quality housing for extended periods of time has negative consequences for mental health
Elevated ATPase Activity of KaiC Constitutes a Circadian Checkpoint of Cell Division in Synechococcus elongatus

A circadian clock coordinates physiology and behavior in diverse groups of living organisms. Another major cyclic cellular event, the cell cycle, is regulated by the circadian clock in the few cases where linkage of these cycles has been studied. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the circadian clock gates cell division by an unknown mechanism. Using timelapse microscopy, we confirm the gating of cell division in the wild-type and demonstrate the regulation of cytokinesis by key clock components. Specifically, a state of the oscillator protein KaiC that is associated with elevated ATPase activity closes the gate by acting through a known clock output pathway to inhibit FtsZ ring formation at the division site. An activity that stimulates KaiC phosphorylation independently of the KaiA protein was also uncovered. We propose a model that separates the functions of KaiC ATPase and phosphorylation in cell division gating and other circadian behaviors.available in PMC 2011 February 1.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH (R01 GM62419))National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant  P01 NS39546)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant R01 GM068957)United States.  American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009National Science Foundation (U.S.) (PHY-0548484)United States. Dept. of Energy (DE-FG-02-06ER15808
Globalization, Economic Reform, and Structural Price Transmission: SAM Decomposition Techniques with an empirical application to Vietnam

Globalization poses special challenges for economies in transition, particularly those which
have been slow to reform systems of administered prices. Such allocation mechanisms now
encounter significant friction from external market forces, and it is vital for policymakers to
better anticipate the incidence of external price transmission. In this paper, we propose a
novel variation of multiplier decomposition methods; make use of an up-to-date social
accounting matrix (SAM) for Vietnam; and demonstrate how this kind of information can
help identify adverse incentive and wealth effects that might undermine reform and structural
adjustments efforts in this important emerging Asian economy.
Cholesterol nucleation time in gallbladder bile of patients with solitary or multiple cholesterol gallstones

Patients with multiple cholesterol gallbladder stones have been found to be at a higher risk for the recurrence of gallstones after successful nonsurgical treatment than those with a solitary stone. Cholesterol gallstone recurrence, like primary gallstone formation, probably involves a triple defect with supersaturation, abnormally rapid nucleation of cholesterol in bile and altered gallbladder motor function. We investigated whether the increased recurrence rate of patients with multiple stones might be caused by more rapid nucleation. Therefore the time required for cholesterol monohydrate crystals to appear in ultracentrifuged bile of patients with solitary (n = 71) or multiple (n = 42) cholesterol gallstones was determined.
The cholesterol nucleation time was significantly (p < 0.01) longer in the bile from patients with solitary stones (< 1 to 16 days, median = 2.0 days) than in the bile from patients with multiple stones (< 1 to 8 days, median = 1.0 days). Moreover, 15 of 71 (21.1%) patients with solitary cholesterol stones but only 1 of 42 (2.4%) patients with multiple cholesterol stones showed a normal (> 4 days) nucleation time.
However, no difference in the cholesterol saturation index was found between the bile samples from patients with solitary stones and the bile samples from patients with multiple stones (1.55 ± 0.65 vs. 1.54 ± 0.59, mean ± S.D., respectively). The more rapid cholesterol nucleation in gallbladder bile may, therefore, be the major risk factor causing the higher percentage of stone recurrence in patients with multiple cholesterol stones as compared with patients with solitary cholesterol stones.
Response Monitoring with [18F]FLT PET and Diffusion-Weighted MRI After Cytotoxic 5-FU Treatment in an Experimental Rat Model for Colorectal Liver Metastases

Contains fulltext :
                  177924.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and 3'-dexoy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) as early biomarkers of treatment response of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in a syngeneic rat model of colorectal cancer liver metastases. PROCEDURES: Wag/Rij rats with intrahepatic syngeneic CC531 tumors were treated with 5-FU (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg in weekly intervals). Before treatment and at days 1, 3, 7, and 14 after treatment rats underwent DW-MRI and [18F]FLT PET. Tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically for Ki67, TK1, and ENT1 expression. RESULTS: 5-FU inhibited the growth of CC531 tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis did not show significant changes in Ki67, TK1, and ENT1 expression. However, [18F]FLT SUVmean and SUVmax were significantly increased at days 4 and 7 after treatment with 5-FU (60 mg/kg) and returned to baseline at day 14 (SUVmax at days -1, 4, 7, and 14 was 1.1 +/- 0.1, 2.3 +/- 0.5, 2.3 +/- 0.6, and 1.5 +/- 0.4, respectively). No changes in [18F]FLT uptake were observed in the nontreated animals. Furthermore, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) did not change in 5-FU-treated rats compared to untreated rats. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 5-FU treatment induces a flare in [18F]FLT uptake of responsive CC531 tumors in the liver, while the ADCmean did not change significantly. Future studies in larger groups are warranted to further investigate whether [18F]FLT PET can discriminate between disease progression and treatment response
Unusual, basin-scale, fluid–rock interaction in the Palaeoproterozoic Onega basin from Fennoscandia : Preservation in calcite δ18O of an ancient high geothermal gradient

Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support from ICDP for the drilling programme. AEF, ATB and ARP thank NERC for financial support through NE/G00398X/1. VAM thanks the Norwegian Research Council for financial support through 191530/V30. We are grateful for sample preparation and analyses to all the personnel at NGU lab. At SUERC we enjoyed exceptional analytical support from Julie Dougans. Anonymous reviewers and the editor provided comments that improved the final manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin
Women, Weather, and Woes:The Triangular Dynamics of Female-Headed Households, Economic Vulnerability, and Climate Variability in South Africa

Existing gender inequality is believed to be heightened as a result of weather events and climate-related disasters that are likely to become more common in the future. We show that an already marginalized group—female-headed households in South Africa—is differentially affected by relatively modest levels of variation in rainfall, which households experience on a year-to-year basis. Data from three waves of the National Income Dynamics Survey in South Africa allow us to follow incomes of 4,162 households from 2006 to 2012. By observing how household income is affected by variation in rainfall relative to what is normally experienced during the rainy season in each district, our study employs a series of naturally occurring experiments that allow us to identify causal effects. We find that households where a single head can be identified based on residency or work status are more vulnerable to climate variability than households headed by two adults. Single male-headed households are more vulnerable because of lower initial earnings and, to a lesser extent, other household characteristics that contribute to economic disadvantages. However, this can only explain some of the differential vulnerability of female-headed households. This suggests that there are traits specific to female-headed households, such as limited access to protective social networks or other coping strategies, which makes this an important dimension of marginalization to consider for further research and policy in South Africa and other national contexts. Households headed by widows, never-married women, and women with a non-resident spouse (e.g., “left-behind” migrant households) are particularly vulnerable. We find vulnerable households only in districts where rainfall has a large effect on agricultural yields, and female-headed households remain vulnerable when accounting for dynamic impacts of rainfall on income
Search for black holes in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search for new physics in energetic, high-multiplicity final states has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{−1}$. The standard model background, dominated by multijet production, is determined exclusively from control regions in data. No statistically significant excess of events is observed. Model-independent limits on the product of the cross section and the acceptance of a new physics signal in these final states are set and further interpreted in terms of limits on the production of black holes. Semiclassical black holes and string balls with masses as high as 9.5 TeV, and quantum black holes with masses as high as 9.0 TeV are excluded by this search in the context of models with extra dimensions, thus significantly extending limits set at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the LHC Run 1 data