pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
First measurement of 0c production in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

The production of the charm-strange baryon 0cis measured for the first time at the LHC via its semileptonic decay into e+−νein ppcollisions at √s=7TeV with the ALICE detector. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 1 <pT<8GeV/cat mid-rapidity, |y| <0.5. The transverse momentum dependence of the 0cbaryon production relative to the D0meson production is compared to predictions of event generators with various tunes of the hadronisation mechanism, which are found to underestimate the measured cross-section ratio
Entanglement Content of Quasiparticle Excitations

We investigate the quantum entanglement content of quasiparticle excitations in extended many-body systems. We show that such excitations give an additive contribution to the bipartite von Neumann and Rényi entanglement entropies that takes a simple, universal form. It is largely independent of the momenta and masses of the excitations and of the geometry, dimension, and connectedness of the entanglement region. The result has a natural quantum information theoretic interpretation as the entanglement of a state where each quasiparticle is associated with two qubits representing their presence within and without the entanglement region, taking into account quantum (in)distinguishability. This applies to any excited state composed of finite numbers of quasiparticles with finite de Broglie wavelengths or finite intrinsic correlation length. This includes particle excitations in massive quantum field theory and gapped lattice systems, and certain highly excited states in conformal field theory and gapless models. We derive this result analytically in one-dimensional massive bosonic and fermionic free field theories and for simple setups in higher dimensions. We provide numerical evidence for the harmonic chain and the two-dimensional harmonic lattice in all regimes where the conditions above apply. Finally, we provide supporting calculations for integrable spin chain models and other interacting cases without particle production. Our results point to new possibilities for creating entangled states using many-body quantum systems
Cdc42 explores the cell periphery for mate selection in fission yeast.

How cells polarize in response to external cues is a fundamental biological problem. For mating, yeast cells orient growth toward the source of a pheromone gradient produced by cells of the opposite mating type. Polarized growth depends on the small GTPase Cdc42, a central eukaryotic polarity regulator that controls signaling, cytoskeleton polarization, and vesicle trafficking. However, the mechanisms of polarity establishment and mate selection in complex cellular environments are poorly understood. Here we show that, in fission yeast, low-level pheromone signaling promotes a novel polarization state, where active Cdc42, its GEF Scd1, and scaffold Scd2 form colocalizing dynamic zones that sample the periphery of the cell. Two direct Cdc42 effectors--actin cables marked by myosin V Myo52 and the exocyst complex labeled by Sec6 and Sec8--also dynamically colocalize with active Cdc42. However, these cells do not grow due to a block in the exocytosis of cell wall synthases Bgs1 and Bgs4. High-level pheromone stabilizes active Cdc42 zones and promotes cell wall synthase exocytosis and polarized growth. However, in the absence of prior low-level pheromone signaling, exploration fails, and cells polarize growth at cell poles by default. Consequently, these cells show altered partner choice, mating preferentially with sister rather than nonsister cells. Thus, Cdc42 exploration serves to orient growth for partner selection. This process may also promote genetic diversification
Reading Vocabulary in Children With and Without Hearing Loss: The Roles of Task and Word Type

Contains fulltext :
                  116637.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Purpose: To address the problem of low reading comprehension scores among children with hearing impairment, it is necessary to have a better understanding of their reading vocabulary. In this study, the authors investigated whether task and word type differentiate the reading vocabulary knowledge of children with and without severe hearing loss.
Method: Seventy-two children with hearing loss and 72 children with normal hearing performed a lexical and a use decision task. Both tasks contained the same 180 words divided over 7 clusters, each cluster containing words with a similar pattern of scores on 8 word properties (word class, frequency, morphological family size, length, age of acquisition, mode of acquisition, imageability, and familiarity).
Results: Whereas the children with normal hearing scored better on the 2 tasks than the children with hearing loss, the size of the difference varied depending on the type of task and word.
Conclusions: Performance differences between the 2 groups increased as words and tasks became more complex. Despite delays, children with hearing loss showed a similar pattern of vocabulary acquisition as their peers with normal hearing. For the most precise assessment of reading vocabulary possible, a range of tasks and word types should be used
A large acceptance scintillator detector with wavelength shifting fibre
  read-out for search of eta-nucleus bound states

A large acceptance scintillator detector with wavelength shifting optical
fibre readout has been designed and built to detect the decay particles of
$\eta$-nucleus bound system (the so-called $\eta$-mesic nuclei), namely,
protons and pions. The detector, named as ENSTAR detector, consists of 122
pieces of plastic scintillator of various shapes and sizes, which are arranged
in a cylindrical geometry to provide particle identification, energy loss and
coarse position information for these particles. A solid angle coverage of
$\sim$95% of total 4$\pi$ is obtained in the present design of the detector.
Monte Carlo phase space calculations performed to simulate the formation and
decay of $\eta$-mesic nuclei suggest that its decay particles, the protons and
pions are emitted with an opening angle of 150$^\circ \pm 20^\circ$, and with
energies in the range of 25 to 300 MeV and 225 to 450 MeV respectively. The
detailed GEANT simulations show that $\sim$ 80 % of the decay particles
(protons and pions) can be detected within ENSTAR. Several test measurements
using alpha source, cosmic-ray muons etc. have been carried out to study the
response of ENSTAR scintillator pieces. The in-beam tests of fully assembled
detector with proton beam of momentum 870 MeV/c from the Cooler synchrotron
COSY have been performed. The test results show that the scintillator fiber
design chosen for the detector has performed satisfactorily well. The present
article describes the detector design, simulation studies, construction details
and test results.Comment: accepted by Nucl. Instr. Methods in Phys. Research
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV in events with a single lepton, large jet multiplicity, and multiple b jets

Results are reported from a search for supersymmetry in pppp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, based on events with a single isolated lepton (electron or muon) and multiple jets, at least two of which are identified as b jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The search is motivated by supersymmetric models that involve strong-production processes and cascade decays of new particles. The resulting final states contain multiple jets as well as missing transverse momentum from weakly interacting particles. The event yields, observed across several kinematic regions, are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric scenarios with pair production of gluinos, where each gluino decays to a top quark–antiquark pair and the lightest neutralino. For the case of decays via virtual top squarks, gluinos with a mass smaller than 1.26 TeV are excluded for low neutralino masses
Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to $\Upsilon(1S)\pi^+\pi^-$ in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

The results of a search for the bottomonium counterpart, denoted as Xb, of the exotic charmonium state X(3872) is presented. The analysis is based on a sample of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 inverse femtobarns. The search looks for the exclusive decay channel Xb to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- followed by Upsilon(1S) to mu+ mu-. No evidence for an Xb signal is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the inclusive production cross sections times the branching fractions to Upsilon(1S) pi+ pi- of the Xb and the Upsilon(2S). The upper limits on the ratio are in the range 0.9-5.4% for Xb masses between 10 and 11 GeV. These are the first upper limits on the production of a possible Xb at a hadron collider
Egalitarian despots: hierarchy steepness, reciprocity and the grooming-trade model in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes.

Biological market theory models the action of natural selection as a marketplace in which animals are viewed as traders with commodities to offer and exchange. Studies of female Old World monkeys have suggested that grooming might be employed as a commodity to be reciprocated or traded for alternative services, yet previous tests of this grooming-trade model in wild adult male chimpanzees have yielded mixed results. Here we provide the strongest test of the model to date for male chimpanzees: we use data drawn from two social groups (communities) of chimpanzees from different populations and give explicit consideration to variation in dominance hierarchy steepness, as such variation results in differing conditions for biological markets. First, analysis of data from published accounts of other chimpanzee communities, together with our own data, showed that hierarchy steepness varied considerably within and across communities and that the number of adult males in a community aged 20–30 years predicted hierarchy steepness. The two communities in which we tested predictions of the grooming-trade model lay at opposite extremes of this distribution. Second, in accord with the grooming-trade model, we found evidence that male chimpanzees trade grooming for agonistic support where hierarchies are steep (despotic) and consequent effective support is a rank-related commodity, but not where hierarchies are shallow (egalitarian). However, we also found that grooming was reciprocated regardless of hierarchy steepness. Our findings also hint at the possibility of agonistic competition, or at least exclusion, in relation to grooming opportunities compromising the free market envisioned by biological market theory. Our results build on previous findings across chimpanzee communities to emphasize the importance of reciprocal grooming exchanges among adult male chimpanzees, which can be understood in a biological markets framework if grooming by or with particular individuals is a valuable commodity.Wenner-Gren foundation (grant no. 8216), Leverhulme Trust (grant no. F/00236/Z), the H.F. Guggenheim Foundation
Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus.

Grey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. Clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat. However, finer scale topographical variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. We examined topographical influences on the behaviour of breeding female grey seals by quantifying topography at a subseal size resolution. Using submetre resolution digital terrain models of two sites within a rocky breeding colony, we compared site topography in relation to observed differences in female behaviour at these sites. Females at both sites preferred breeding close to water (standing pools or sea) and frequently commuted between their pups and water. Topographical models indicated that one site was more costly for seals in terms of their locations and movements within the site. This was due to a lack of low-elevation land adjacent to the main access points from the sea and the reduced availability of pools. Females at this site showed reduced pup attendance and an increase in energetically costly behaviours, whilst females at the lower-cost site spent more time interacting with their pups and resting. These topographically induced behavioural differences are likely to affect the quantity and quality of pup provisioning by mothers and influence individual pupping site selection. Less costly sites are likely to be colonized preferentially and by larger, older and more dominant females, potentially generating finescale spatial heterogeneity in female quality within the breeding colony
Painlev\'e V and a Pollaczek-Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials

We study a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a one parameter
family of weights $$ w(x):=w(x,t)=\rex^{-t/x}\:x^{\al}(1-x)^{\bt},\quad t\geq
0, $$ defined for $x\in[0,1].$ If $t=0,$ this reduces to a shifted Jacobi
weight. Our ladder operator formalism and the associated compatibility
conditions give an easy determination of the recurrence coefficients.
  For $t>0,$ the factor $\rex^{-t/x}$ induces an infinitely strong zero at
$x=0.$ With the aid of the compatibility conditions, the recurrence
coefficients are expressed in terms of a set of auxiliary quantities that
satisfy a system of difference equations. These, when suitably combined with a
pair of Toda-like equations derived from the orthogonality principle, show that
the auxiliary quantities are a particular Painlev\'e V and/or allied functions.
  It is also shown that the logarithmic derivative of the Hankel determinant,
$$ D_n(t):=\det(\int_{0}^{1} x^{i+j}
\:\rex^{-t/x}\:x^{\al}(1-x)^{\bt}dx)_{i,j=0}^{n-1}, $$ satisfies the
Jimbo-Miwa-Okamoto $\sigma-$form of the Painlev\'e V and that the same quantity
satisfies a second order non-linear difference equation which we believe to be
new.Comment: 23 pages, typos corrected, references adde
Predictions for Higgs production at the Tevatron and the associated
  uncertainties

We update the theoretical predictions for the production cross sections of
the Standard Model Higgs boson at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, focusing on
the two main search channels, the gluon-gluon fusion mechanism $gg \to H$ and
the Higgs-strahlung processes $q \bar q \to VH$ with $V=W/Z$, including all
relevant higher order QCD and electroweak corrections in perturbation theory.
We then estimate the various uncertainties affecting these predictions: the
scale uncertainties which are viewed as a measure of the unknown higher order
effects, the uncertainties from the parton distribution functions and the
related errors on the strong coupling constant, as well as the uncertainties
due to the use of an effective theory approach in the determination of the
radiative corrections in the $gg \to H$ process at next-to-next-to-leading
order. We find that while the cross sections are well under control in the
Higgs--strahlung processes, the theoretical uncertainties are rather large in
the case of the gluon-gluon fusion channel, possibly shifting the central
values of the next-to-next-to-leading order cross sections by more than
$\approx 40%$. These uncertainties are thus significantly larger than the
$\approx 10%$ error assumed by the CDF and D0 experiments in their recent
analysis that has excluded the Higgs mass range $M_H=$162-166 GeV at the 95%
confidence level. These exclusion limits should be, therefore, reconsidered in
the light of these large theoretical uncertainties.Comment: 40 pages, 12 figures. A few typos are corrected and some updated
  numbers are provide
Solar system effects in Schwarzschild--de Sitter spacetime

The Schwarzschild--de Sitter space--time describes the gravitational field of
a spherically symmetric mass in a universe with cosmological constant
$\Lambda$. Based on this space--time we calculate Solar system effects like
gravitational redshift, light deflection, gravitational time delay, Perihelion
shift, geodetic or de Sitter precession, as well as the influence of $\Lambda$
on a Doppler measurement, used to determine the velocity of the Pioneer 10 and
11 spacecraft. For $\Lambda=\Lambda_0 \sim 10^{-52} {\rm m}^{-2}$ the
cosmological constant plays no role for all of these effects, while a value of
$\Lambda \sim - 10^{-37} {\rm m}^{-2}$, if hypothetically held responsible for
the Pioneer anomaly, is not compatible with the Perihelion shift.Comment: Published versio
Inclusive D* Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP

Inclusive D^{*+-} production in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3
detector at LEP, using 683 pb^{-1} of data collected at centre-of-mass energies
from 183 to 208 GeV. Differential cross sections are determined as functions of
the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the D^{*+-} mesons in the
kinematic region 1 GeV < P_T < 12 GeV and |eta| < 1.4. The cross sections
sigma(e^+e^- -> e^+e^-D^{*+-}X) in this kinematical region is measured and the
sigma(e^+e^- -> e^+e^- cc{bar}X) cross section is derived. The measurements are
compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations
Search for Odderon-Induced Contributions to Exclusive pi^0
  Photoproduction at HERA

A search for contributions to the reaction ep-> e pi^0 N^* from
photon-Odderon fusion in the photoproduction regime at HERA is reported, at an
average photon-proton centre-of-mass energy <W> = 215 GeV. The measurement
proceeds via detection of the pi^0 decay photons, a leading neutron from the
N^* decay, and the scattered electron. No pi^0 signal is observed and an upper
limit on the cross section for the photon-Odderon fusion process of sigma(gamma
p -> pi^0 N^*) < 49 nb at the 95% confidence level is derived, integrated over
the experimentally accessible range of the squared four-momentum transfer at
the nucleon vertex 0.02 < |t| < 0.3 Gev^2. This excludes a recent prediction
from a calculation based on a non-perturbative QCD model of a photon-Odderon
fusion cross section above 200 nb.Comment: 13 pages, 1 table and 4 figure
Diffractive Photoproduction of Rho Mesons with Large Momentum Transfer
  at HERA

The diffractive photoproduction of rho mesons, e p \to e rho Y, with large
momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, |t|, is studied with the H1
detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 pb^{-1}. The
photon-proton centre of mass energy spans the range 75 < W < 95 GeV, the photon
virtuality is restricted to Q^2 < 0.01 GeV^2 and the mass M_Y of the proton
remnant is below 5 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section is measured for
the range 1.5 < |t| < 10.0 GeV^2 and is well described by a power law, dsigma/
d|t| \propto |t|^{-n}. The spin density matrix elements, which provide
information on the helicity structure of the interaction, are extracted using
measurements of angular distributions of the rho decay products. The data
indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation, with contributions
from both single and double helicity-flip being observed. The results are
compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD models.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Phenomenological Implications of the $m_t$ RGE Fixed Point for SUSY
  Higgs Boson Searches

In minimal SUSY-GUT models with $M_{SUSY}\ltap 1$ TeV, the renormalization
group equations have a solution dominated by the infrared fixed point of the
top Yukawa coupling. This fixed point predicts $m_t=(200\; {\rm GeV})\sin \beta
$; combined with the LEP results it excludes $m_t\ltap 130$ GeV. For $m_t$ in
the range 130-160 GeV, we discuss the sensitivity of the $m_t$ fixed point
result to GUT threshold corrections and point out the implications for Higgs
boson searches. The lightest scalar $h$ has mass 60-85 GeV and will be
detectable at LEPII. At SSC/LHC, each of the five scalars $h$, $H$, $A$,
$H^{\pm }$ may be detectable, but not all of them together; in one parameter
region none will be detectable.Comment: 12 pages + 4 PS figures not included (available upon request),
  MAD/PH/75
Measurement of B meson production cross-sections in proton-proton
  collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV

The production cross-sections of B mesons are measured in pp collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, using data collected with the LHCb detector
corresponding to a integrated luminosity of 0.36 fb-1. The B+, B0 and Bs0
mesons are reconstructed in the exclusive decays B+ -> J/psi K+, B0 -> J/psi
K*0 and Bs0 -> J/psi phi, with J/psi -> mu+ mu-, K*0 -> K+ pi- and phi -> K+
K-. The differential cross-sections are measured as functions of B meson
transverse momentum pT and rapidity y, in the range 0 < pT < 40 GeV/c and 2.0 <
y < 4.5. The integrated cross-sections in the same pT and y ranges, including
charge-conjugate states, are measured to be sigma(pp -> B+ + X) = 38.9 +- 0.3
(stat.) +- 2.5 (syst.) +- 1.3 (norm.) mub, sigma(pp -> B0 + X) = 38.1 +- 0.6
(stat.) +- 3.7 (syst.) +- 4.7 (norm.) mub, sigma(pp -> Bs0 + X) = 10.5 +- 0.2
(stat.) +- 0.8 (syst.) +- 1.0 (norm.) mub, where the third uncertainty arises
from the pre-existing branching fraction measurements.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, submitted to JHE
Bi-spectral beam extraction in combination with a focusing feeder

Bi-spectral beam extraction combines neutrons from two different kind of
moderators into one beamline, expanding the spectral range and thereby the
utilization of an instrument. This idea can be realized by a mirror that
reflects long wavelength neutrons from an off-axis colder moderator into a
neutron guide aligned with another moderator emitting neutrons with shorter
wavelengths which will be transmitted through the mirror. The mirror used in
such systems is typically several meters long, which is a severe disadvantage
because it reduces the possible length of a focusing device in design concepts
requiring a narrow beam at a short distance from the source, as used in many
instruments under development for the planned European Spallation Source (ESS).
We propose a shortened extraction system consisting of several mirrors, and
show that such an extraction system is better suited for combination with a
feeder in an eye of the needle design, illustrated here in the context of a
possible ESS imaging beamline.Comment: Published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research,
  Section