pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An Oncologist’s friend: How Xenopus contributes to cancer research

One of the most striking features of the Xenopus system is the versatility in providing a unique range of both in vitro and in vivo models that are rapid, accessible and easily manipulated. Here we present an overview of the diverse contribution that Xenopus has made to advance our understanding of tumour biology and behaviour; a contribution that goes beyond the traditional view of Xenopus as a developmental model organism. From the utility of the egg and oocyte extract system to the use of whole embryos as developmental or induced tumour models, the Xenopus system has been fundamental to investigation of cell cycle mechanisms, cell metabolism, cell signalling and cell behaviour, and has allowed an increasing appreciation of the parallels between early development and the pathogenesis of tumour progression and metastasis. Although not the prototypical oncological model system, we propose that Xenopus is an adaptable and multifunctional tool in the oncologist׳s arsenal.Work in AP׳s lab is supported by Medical Research Council UK (MRC) grants G0500101 and G0700758 and a grant from the UK Neuroblastoma Society. LH is an MRC Doctoral Training Award student.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.00
NuSTAR DETECTION OF HARD X-RAY PHASE LAGS FROM THE ACCRETING PULSAR GS 0834–430

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array hard X-ray telescope observed the transient Be/X-ray binary GS 0834–430 during its 2012 outburst—the first active state of this system observed in the past 19 yr. We performed timing and spectral analysis and measured the X-ray spectrum between 3-79 keV with high statistical significance. We find the phase-averaged spectrum to be consistent with that observed in many other magnetized, accreting pulsars. We fail to detect cyclotron resonance scattering features that would allow us to constrain the pulsar's magnetic field in either phase-averaged or phase-resolved spectra. Timing analysis shows a clearly detected pulse period of ~12.29 s in all energy bands. The pulse profiles show a strong, energy-dependent hard phase lag of up to 0.3 cycles in phase, or about 4 s. Such dramatic energy-dependent lags in the pulse profile have never before been reported in high-mass X-ray binary pulsars. Previously reported lags have been significantly smaller in phase and restricted to low energies (E < 10 keV). We investigate the possible mechanisms that might produce this energy-dependent pulse phase shift. We find the most likely explanation for this effect is a complex beam geometry.United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NNG08FD06C
Study of (W/Z)H  production and Higgs boson couplings using H→WW∗ decays with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson production in association with a W  or Z  boson, in the H→WW∗ decay channel, is performed with a data sample collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s =7  TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb⁻¹ and 20.3 fb⁻¹, respectively. The WH  production mode is studied in two-lepton and three-lepton final states, while two-lepton and four-lepton final states are used to search for the ZH  production mode. The observed significance, for the combined WH  and ZH  production, is 2.5 standard deviations while a significance of 0.9 standard deviations is expected in the Standard Model Higgs boson hypothesis. The ratio of the combined WH  and ZH  signal yield to the Standard Model expectation, μ VH, is found to be μ VH =3.0 +1.3 −1.1 (stat.) +1.0 −0.7 (sys.)  for the Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The WH  and ZH  production modes are also combined with the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production modes studied in the H→WW ∗ →ℓνℓν  decay channel, resulting in an overall observed significance of 6.5 standard deviations and μ ggF+VBF+VH =1.16 +0.16 −0.15 (stat.) +0.18 −0.15 (sys.) . The results are interpreted in terms of scaling factors of the Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons (κ V  ) and fermions (κ F  ); the combined results are: |κ V |=1.06 +0.10 −0.10  , |κ F |=0.85 +0.26 −0.20
Measurement of the WW+WZ  cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings using final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and two jets with the ATLAS detector at √s=7  TeV

The production of a W  boson decaying to eν  or μν  in association with a W  or Z  boson decaying to two jets is studied using 4.6fb⁻¹ of proton--proton collision data at √s=7  TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combined WW+WZ  cross section is measured with a significance of 3.4σ  and is found to be 68±7 (stat.)±19 (syst.) pb , in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of 61.1±2.2 pb . The distribution of the transverse momentum of the dijet system is used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the triple gauge coupling vertices and on parameters of an effective-field-theory model
Broadband observations of the X-ray burster 4U1705-44 with Beppo SAX

Context. 4U1705-44 is one of the most-studied type I X-ray burster and Atoll sources. This source represents a perfect candidate to test different models proposed to self-consistently track the physical changes occurring between different spectral states because it shows clear spectral state transitions. Aims. The broadband coverage, the sensitivity and energy resolution of the BeppoSAX satellite offers the opportunity to disentangle the components that form the total X-ray spectrum and to study their changes according to the spectral state. Methods. Using two BeppoSAX observations carried out in August and October 2000, respectively, for a total effective exposure time of ~100 ks, we study the spectral evolution of the source from a soft to hard state. Energy spectra are selected according to the source position in the color-color diagram (CCD). Results. We succeeded in modeling the spectra of the source using a physical self-consistent scenario for both the island and banana branches (the double Comptonization scenario). The components observed are the soft Comptonization and hard Comptonization, the blackbody, and a reflection component with a broad iron line. When the source moves from the banana state to the island state, the parameters of the two Comptonization components change significantly and the blackbody component becomes too weak to be detected. Conclusions. We interpret the soft Comptonization component as emission from the hot plasma surrounding the neutron star, hard Comptonization as emission from the disk region, and the blackbody component as emission from the inner accretion disk. The broad feature in the iron line region is compatible with reflection from the inner accretion disk
Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to μ+μ− in pp collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV

AbstractA search for neutral Higgs bosons predicted in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for μ+μ− decay channels is presented. The analysis uses data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.3 fb−1, respectively. The search is sensitive to Higgs bosons produced either through the gluon fusion process or in association with a bb‾ quark pair. No statistically significant excess is observed in the μ+μ− mass spectrum. Results are interpreted in the framework of several benchmark scenarios, and the data are used to set an upper limit on the MSSM parameter tan⁡β as a function of the mass of the pseudoscalar A boson in the range from 115 to 300 GeV. Model independent upper limits are given for the product of the cross section and branching fraction for gluon fusion and b quark associated production at s=8 TeV. They are the most stringent limits obtained to date in this channel
Proof of Concept Center — A Promising Tool for Innovative Development at Entrepreneurial Universities

AbstractThe article reviews the USA experience in creating the new element of national innovative infrastructure for Russia — the Proof of Concept Center (POOC). The article uses the term POCC as an abbreviation; it considers the POCC functions, its role in the innovative chain, and its difference from Centers for Technology Transfer. Evidently, the key feature of POCC is the availability of its own foundation for financing innovative projects. The article analyzes the major sources for these foundations and suggests distinguishing the two types of POCC in terms of financing. It presents examples of POCC of the USA of varied scale and which were founded at different times. It highlights the correlation between the establishment of POCC and the increasing number of innovative companies. The work also presents information about the structure analogous to the first type of POCC in Russia, and considers the potential for creating university-based POCC of the second type. The article also presents information regarding the high potential and the efficiency of POCC as a unit of innovative infrastructure
Innovating the Built Environment to Accelerate Sustainable Development – The Integrated Habitat Approach

AbstractThe Universal Sustainable Habitat Development (USHD) is an integrated infrastructure development platform. Habitat in this instance refers to the built environment, apropos sustainable community buildings that meet their constituent needs through provision of integrated renewable energy technologies within the fabric of the building. Widespread stakeholder consultation has transformed USHD from a verbal model into a series of implementable collaborations that emphasise the need to incorporate not just the equipment into resilient buildings but also conduct long-term monitoring, evaluation, research, training and education programmes
A combined fit on the annihilation corrections in Bu,d,s→PP decays within QCDF

AbstractMotivated by the possible large annihilation contributions implied by recent CDF and LHCb measurements on nonleptonic annihilation B-meson decays, and the refined experimental measurements on hadronic B-meson decays, we study the strength of annihilation contributions within QCD factorization (QCDF) in this paper. With the available measurements of two-body Bu,d,s→ππ,πK,KK decays, a comprehensive fit on the phenomenological parameters XAi,f (or ρAi,f and ϕAi,f) which are used to parameterize the endpoint singularity in annihilation amplitudes is performed with the statistical χ2 approach. It is found that (1) flavor symmetry breaking effects are hardly to be distinguished between XA,si and XA,di due to the large experimental errors and theoretical uncertainties, where XA,si and XA,di are related to the nonfactorization annihilation contributions in Bs and Bu,d decay, respectively. So XA,si≃XA,di is a good approximation by now. (2) In principle, parameter XAf which is related to the factorization annihilation contributions and independent of the initial state can be regarded as the same variable for Bu,d,s decays. (3) Numerically, two solutions are found, one is (ρAi,ϕAi[°])=(2.98−0.86+1.12,−105−24+34) and (ρAf,ϕAf[°])=(1.18−0.23+0.20,−40−8+11), the other is (ρAi,ϕAi[°])=(2.97−0.90+1.19,−105−24+32) and (ρAf,ϕAf[°])=(2.80−0.21+0.25,165−3+4). Obviously, nonfactorization annihilation parameter XAi is generally unequal to factorization annihilation parameter XAf, which differs from the traditional treatment. With the fitted parameters, all results for observables of Bu,d,s→ππ,πK,KK decays are in good agreement with experimental data
Hedgehog Controls Limb Development by Regulating the Activities of Distinct Transcriptional Activator and Repressor Forms of Cubitus interruptus

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) proteins play diverse organizing roles in development by regulating gene expression in responding cells. The Gli homolog Cubitus interruptus (Ci) is involved in controlling the transcription of Hh target genes. A repressor form of Ci arises in the absence of Hh signaling by proteolytic cleavage of intact Ci. We show that this cleavage is essential for limb patterning and is regulated by Hh in vivo. We provide evidence for the existence of a distinct activator form of Ci, which does not arise by mere prevention of Ci proteolysis, but rather depends on a separate regulatory step subject to Hh control. These different activities of Ci regulate overlapping but distinct subsets of Hh target genes. Thus, limb development is organized by the integration of different transcriptional outputs of Hh signaling
The mystery of the ‘resin-of-canuaru’: A medicine used by caboclos river-dwellers of the Amazon, Amazonas, Brazil

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevance‘Resin-of-canuaru’ is a medicine utilized by caboclos living in the Amazon Region, Brazil. There is a mystery regarding its origin because the caboclos maintain that this substance is derived only from animal secretions (from a frog called canuaru), whereas the historic literature claims that ‘resin-of-canuaru’ is derived solely from a plant exudate (resin). Based on our ethnographic studies, we hypothesized that this substance is a combination of both. Because the past reports on this resiniferous material in the literature are based solely on observations, we aimed to present ethnographic, zoological and chemical data to try to elucidate the origin of the ‘resin-of-canuaru’.Materials and methodsEthnographic techniques and methods were applied, including participant observation, the use of field diaries and informal and unstructured interviews. The canuaru frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix Goeldi, 1907) and ‘resin-of-canuaru’ were collected for taxonomic identification and chemical analysis, respectively. The resiniferous ‘resin-of-canuaru’ was extracted using MeOH and then analyzed by silica gel TLC and NMR.ResultsCanuaru frogs live in tree cavities and secrete a large amount of substances during spawning, resulting in a resiniferous material. NMR analysis of the MeOH extract of this crude material showed peaks assigned to 3,4-secofriedel-4(23)-en-3-oic acid (putranjuvic acid) and its methyl ester derivative (methyl putranjivate) and to biogenetic precursor of these two compounds (a lactone derivative), which is formed by the oxidation of friedelin. Based on evidence that Protium species accumulate primarily tetracyclic/pentacyclic triterpenoids and that the co-occurrence of the compounds listed above is rarely described in plant species, we suggest that these compounds could be products of the biotransformation of friedelin by the frog.ConclusionsAccording to our data, the ‘resin-of-canuaru’ seems to have both animal and vegetal origins
Mechanoprotection by Polycystins against Apoptosis Is Mediated through the Opening of Stretch-Activated K2P Channels

SummaryHow renal epithelial cells respond to increased pressure and the link with kidney disease states remain poorly understood. Pkd1 knockout or expression of a PC2 pathogenic mutant, mimicking the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, dramatically enhances mechanical stress-induced tubular apoptotic cell death. We show the presence of a stretch-activated K+ channel dependent on the TREK-2 K2P subunit in proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells. Our findings further demonstrate that polycystins protect renal epithelial cells against apoptosis in response to mechanical stress, and this function is mediated through the opening of stretch-activated K2P channels. Thus, to our knowledge, we establish for the first time, both in vitro and in vivo, a functional relationship between mechanotransduction and mechanoprotection. We propose that this mechanism is at play in other important pathologies associated with apoptosis and in which pressure or flow stimulation is altered, including heart failure or atherosclerosis
Search for the Higgs boson in the H→WW→ℓνjj decay channel at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for the Standard Model Higgs boson has been performed in the H→WW→ℓνjj channel using 4.7 fb−1 of pp collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Higgs boson candidates produced in association with zero, one or two jets are included in the analysis to maximize the acceptance for both gluon fusion and weak boson fusion Higgs boson production processes. No significant excess of events is observed over the expected background and limits on the Higgs boson production cross section are derived for a Higgs boson mass in the range 300 GeV<mH<600 GeV. The best sensitivity is reached for mH=400 GeV, where the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper bound on the cross section for H→WW produced in association with zero or one jet is 2.2 pb (1.9 pb), corresponding to 1.9 (1.6) times the Standard Model prediction. In the Higgs boson plus two jets channel, which is more sensitive to the weak boson fusion process, the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper bound on the cross section for H→WW production with mH=400 GeV is 0.7 pb (0.6 pb), corresponding to 7.9 (6.5) times the Standard Model prediction
Gröbner–Shirshov bases for Lie algebras over a commutative algebra

AbstractIn this paper we establish a Gröbner–Shirshov bases theory for Lie algebras over commutative rings. As applications we give some new examples of special Lie algebras (those embeddable in associative algebras over the same ring) and non-special Lie algebras (following a suggestion of P.M. Cohn (1963) [28]). In particular, Cohnʼs Lie algebras over the characteristic p are non-special when p=2,3,5. We present an algorithm that one can check for any p, whether Cohnʼs Lie algebras are non-special. Also we prove that any finitely or countably generated Lie algebra is embeddable in a two-generated Lie algebra
Quadrature formulas on the unit circle based on rational functions

AbstractQuadrature formulas on the unit circle were introduced by Jones in 1989. On the other hand, Bultheel also considered such quadratures by giving results concerning error and convergence. In other recent papers, a more general situation was studied by the authors involving orthogonal rational functions on the unit circle which generalize the well-known Szego&#x030B; polynomials. In this paper, these quadratures are again analyzed and results about convergence given. Furthermore, an application to the Poisson integral is also made
Open problems in forward–backward multiplicity correlations in hadron–hadron collisions in the TeV region

AbstractContinuing previous work on forward–backward multiplicity correlation properties in proton–proton collisions in the framework of the weighted superposition model of two components (each one described by a negative binomial multiplicity distribution) with the addition of the leakage parameter which controls clan spreading from one hemisphere to the opposite one, we examine E735 data on the c.m. energy dependence of the total correlation strength and of the forward variance at fixed total multiplicity. A comparison with the Chou–Yang approach to the problem is presented and extrapolations of the mentioned variables at LHC c.m. energy in possible scenarios in the new energy domain are discussed
The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system—iLEAPS achievements and perspectives

AbstractThe integrated land ecosystem-atmosphere processes study (iLEAPS) is an international research project focussing on the fundamental processes that link land-atmosphere exchange, climate, the water cycle, and tropospheric chemistry. The project, iLEAPS, was established 2004 within the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). During its first decade, iLEAPS has proven to be a vital project, well equipped to build a community to address the challenges involved in understanding the complex Earth system: multidisciplinary, integrative approaches for both observations and modeling. The iLEAPS community has made major advances in process understanding, land-surface modeling, and observation techniques and networks. The modes of iLEAPS operation include elucidating specific iLEAPS scientific questions through networks of process studies, field campaigns, modeling, long-term integrated field studies, international interdisciplinary mega-campaigns, synthesis studies, databases, as well as conferences on specific scientific questions and synthesis meetings. Another essential component of iLEAPS is knowledge transfer and it also encourages community- and policy-related outreach activities associated with the regional integrative projects. As a result of its first decade of work, iLEAPS is now setting the agenda for its next phase (2014–2024) under the new international initiative, future Earth. Human influence has always been an important part of land-atmosphere science but in order to respond to the new challenges of global sustainability, closer ties with social science and economics groups will be necessary to produce realistic estimates of land use and anthropogenic emissions by analysing future population increase, migration patterns, food production allocation, land management practices, energy production, industrial development, and urbanization
The Barrett’s Gland in Phenotype Space

Barrett’s esophagus is characterized by the erosive replacement of esophageal squamous epithelium by a range of metaplastic glandular phenotypes. These glandular phenotypes likely change over time, and their distribution varies along the Barrett’s segment. Although much recent work has addressed Barrett’s esophagus from the genomic viewpoint—its genotype space—the fact that the phenotype of Barrett’s esophagus is nonstatic points to conversion between phenotypes and suggests that Barrett’s esophagus also exists in phenotype space. Here we explore this latter concept, investigating the scope of glandular phenotypes in Barrett’s esophagus and how they exist in physical and temporal space as well as their evolution and their life history. We conclude that individual Barrett’s glands are clonal units; because of this important fact, we propose that it is the Barrett’s gland that is the unit of selection in phenotypic and indeed neoplastic progression. Transition between metaplastic phenotypes may be governed by neutral drift akin to niche turnover in normal and dysplastic niches. In consequence, the phenotype of Barrett’s glands assumes considerable importance, and we make a strong plea for the integration of the Barrett’s gland in both genotype and phenotype space in future work
Study of nuclear correlation effects via C12(p→,n→)N12(g.s.,1+) at 296 MeV

AbstractWe report measurements of the cross section and a complete set of polarization observables for the Gamow–Teller C12(p→,n→)N12(g.s.,1+) reaction at a bombarding energy of 296 MeV. The data are compared with distorted wave impulse approximation calculations employing transition form factors normalized to reproduce the observed beta-decay ft value. The cross section is significantly under-predicted by the calculations at momentum transfers q≳0.5 fm−1. The discrepancy is partly resolved by considering the non-locality of the nuclear mean field. However, the calculations still under-predict the cross section at large momentum transfers of q≃1.6 fm−1. We also performed calculations employing random phase approximation response functions and found that the observed enhancement can be attributed in part to pionic correlations in nuclei