pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Nonholonomic Mapping Principle for Classical Mechanics in Spaces with Curvature and Torsion: New Covariant Conservation Law for Energy-Momentum Tensor

I explain the geometric basis for the recently-discovered nonholonomic mapping principle which enables me to derive laws of nature in spacetimes with curvature and torsion from those in flat spacetime, thus replacing and extending Einstein's equivalence principle. An important consequence is a new action principle for determining the equation of motion of a free spinless point particle in such spacetimes. Surprisingly, this equation contains a torsion force, although the action involves only the metric. This force which makes trajectories autoparallel rather than geodesic, as a manifestation of inertia. Its geometric origin is the closure failure of parallelograms in the presence of torsion. The torsion force changes the covariant conservation law of the energy-momentum tensor whose new form is derived
Seeking the Shadowing in e A Processes

We consider the behavior of the slope of the nuclear structure function $F_2^A$ in the kinematic region which will be explored in the eA HERA collider. We demonstrate that, similarly to the nucleon case, a `turn over' is predicted in this observable. Moreover, we predict that the presence of the shadowing corrections implies that the maximum value of the slope is dependent of the number of nucleons A, differently from the DGLAP predictions. Our conclusion is that the measurement of this observable will allow to evidentiate the presence of the shadowing corrections
Elementary Particles on a Dedicated Parallel Computer

Numerical simulation of lattice QCD is now an indispensable tool for investigating non-perturbative properties of quarks at low energies. In this paper, I introduce a recent lattice QCD calculation of light hadron spectrum and quark masses performed on a dedicated parallel computer, CP-PACS. From a simulation of QCD with two flavors of dynamical quarks, we find $m_{ud}^{\bar{\rm MS}}(2{\rm GeV}) = 3.44^{+0.14}_{-0.22}$ MeV for the averaged mass of $u$ and $d$ quarks to reproduce the experimental masses of $\pi$ and $\rho$ mesons, and $m_{s}^{\bar{\rm MS}}(2{\rm GeV}) = 88^{+4}_{-6}$ MeV or $90^{+5}_{-11}$ MeV to reproduce the $K$ or $\phi$ meson mass. These values are about 20--30% smaller than the previous estimates using the quenched approximation
Generators, Relations and Symmetries in Pairs of 3x3 Unimodular Matrices

Denote the free group on two letters by F2 and the SL(3,C)-representation
variety of F2 by R = Hom(F2, SL(3,C)). There is a SL(3,C)-action on the
coordinate ring of R, and the geometric points of the subring of invariants is
an affine variety X. We determine explicit minimal generators and defining
relations for the subring of invariants and show X is a degree 6 hyper-surface
in C9 mapping onto C8. Our choice of generators exhibit Out(F2) symmetries
which allow for a succinct expression of the defining relations.Comment: 21 pages. This fourth version is the author's final version which
  includes new comments and some correction
Incentives for breastfeeding and for smoking cessation in pregnancy : An exploration of types and meanings

Acknowledgements We thank all members of the BIBS research team and our grant co-applicants: Professor Fiona Dykes, Professor Linda Bauld, Professor David Tappin, Professor Anne Ludbrook, Dr Shelley Farrar, Professor Falko Sniehotta, Graeme MacLennan and Professor Marion Campbell for their collaboration and input into the BIBS study design. Additional thanks to Fiona Stewart at the University of Aberdeen and for providing guidance with literature searching and reference management. We also thank our co-applicant collaborators: Mastrick Cafe Creche, Aberdeen and Wendy Ratcliffe, who facilitated access; and St Cuthbert's and Palatine Children's Centre, Blackpool and Helen Cook.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
QTC3D: extending the qualitative trajectory calculus to three dimensions

Spatial interactions between agents (humans, animals, or machines) carry information of high value to human or electronic observers. However, not all the information contained in a pair of continuous trajectories is important and thus the need for qualitative descriptions of interaction trajectories arises. The Qualitative Trajectory Calculus (QTC) (Van de Weghe, 2004) is a promising development towards this goal. Numerous variants of QTC have been proposed in the past and QTC has been applied towards analyzing various interaction domains. However, an inherent limitation of those QTC variations that deal with lateral movements is that they are limited to two-dimensional motion; therefore, complex three-dimensional interactions, such as those occurring between flying planes or birds, cannot be captured. Towards that purpose, in this paper QTC3D is presented: a novel qualitative trajectory calculus that can deal with full three-dimensional interactions. QTC3D is based on transformations of the Frenet-Serret frames accompanying the trajectories of the moving objects. Apart from the theoretical exposition, including definition and properties, as well as computational aspects, we also present an application of QTC3D towards modeling bird flight. Thus, the power of QTC is now extended to the full dimensionality of physical space, enabling succinct yet rich representations of spatial interactions between agents
The Optically Unbiased Gamma-Ray Burst Host (TOUGH) Survey. VII. The
  Host Galaxy Luminosity Function: Probing the Relationship Between GRBs and
  Star Formation to Redshift $\sim6$

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer a route to characterizing star-forming galaxies
and quantifying high-$z$ star formation that is distinct from the approach of
traditional galaxy surveys: GRB selection is independent of dust and probes
even the faintest galaxies that can evade detection in flux-limited surveys.
However, the exact relation between the GRB rate and the star formation rate
(SFR) throughout all redshifts is controversial. The Optically Unbiased GRB
Host (TOUGH) survey includes observations of all GRB hosts (69) in an optically
unbiased sample of Swift GRBs and we utilize these to constrain the evolution
of the UV GRB-host-galaxy luminosity function (LF) between $z=0$ and $z=4.5$,
and compare this with LFs derived from both Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) surveys
and simulation modeling. At all redshifts we find the GRB hosts to be most
consistent with a luminosity function derived from SFR weighted models
incorporating GRB production via both metallicity-dependent and independent
channels with a relatively high level of bias toward low metallicity hosts. In
the range $1<z<3$ an SFR weighted LBG derived (i.e., non-metallicity biased) LF
is also a reasonable fit to the data. Between $z\sim3$ and $z\sim6$, we observe
an apparent lack of UV bright hosts in comparison with LBGs, though the
significance of this shortfall is limited by nine hosts of unknown redshift.Comment: ApJ, in press (including revisions according to the language editor),
  14 pages, 10 figures, 5 table
Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks in the t-tau channel in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying
to top quark and tau lepton pairs is presented using proton-proton collision
data at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS
detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7
inverse femtobarns. The search is performed using events that contain an
electron or a muon, a hadronically decaying tau lepton, and two or more jets.
The observations are found to be consistent with the standard model
predictions. Assuming that all leptoquarks decay to a top quark and a tau
lepton, the existence of pair produced, charge -1/3, third-generation
leptoquarks up to a mass of 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. This
result constitutes the first direct limit for leptoquarks decaying into a top
quark and a tau lepton, and may also be applied directly to the pair production
of bottom squarks decaying predominantly via the R-parity violating coupling
lambda'[333].Comment: Replaced with corrected figures. All figures can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-14-008/index.htm
The supersymmetric Higgs boson with flavoured A-terms

We consider a supersymmetric scenario with large flavour violating A-terms in
the stop/scharm sector and study their impact on the Higgs mass, the
electroweak rho parameter and the effective Higgs couplings to gluons, photons
and charm quarks. For each observable we present explicit analytical
expressions which exhibit the relevant parametric dependences, both in the
general case and in specific limits. We find significant effects and comment on
phenomenological implications for the LHC and future colliders.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor changes, references added (journal
  version
Linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) beyond
  the Tamm-Dancoff approximation: obtaining efficiency and accuracy with in
  situ optimised local orbitals

We present a solution of the full TDDFT eigenvalue equation in the linear
response formalism exhibiting a linear-scaling computational complexity with
system size, without relying on the simplifying Tamm-Dancoff approximation
(TDA). The implementation relies on representing the occupied and unoccupied
subspace with two different sets of in situ optimised localised functions,
yielding a very compact and efficient representation of the transition density
matrix of the excitation with the accuracy associated with a systematic basis
set. The TDDFT eigenvalue equation is solved using a preconditioned
conjugate-gradients algorithm that is very memory-efficient. The algorithm is
validated on a test molecule and a good agreement with results obtained from
standard quantum chemistry packages is found, with the preconditioner yielding
a significant improvement in convergence rates. The method developed in this
work is then used to reproduce experimental results of the absorption spectrum
of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) in an organic solvent, where it is demonstrated
that the TDA fails to reproduce the main features of the low energy spectrum,
while the full TDDFT equation yields results in good qualitative agreement with
experimental data. Furthermore, the need for explicitly including parts of the
solvent into the TDDFT calculations is highlighted, making the treatment of
large system sizes necessary that are well within reach of the capabilities of
the algorithm introduced here. Finally, the linear-scaling properties of the
algorithm are demonstrated by computing the lowest excitation energy of BChl in
solution. The largest systems considered in this work are of the same order of
magnitude as a variety of pigment-protein complexes, opening up the possibility
of studying their properties without having to resort to any semiclassical
approximations to parts of the protein environment
Search for a charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for a charged Higgs boson is performed with a data sample
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 +/- 0.5 inverse femtobarns
collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.
The charged Higgs boson is searched for in top quark decays for m(H+/-) < m(t)
- m(b), and in the direct production pp -> t (b) H+/- for m(H+/-) > m(t) -
m(b). The H+/- -> tau+/- nu[tau] and H+/- -> t b decay modes in the final
states tau[h]+jets, mu tau[h], l+jets, and ll' (l = e, mu) are considered in
the search. No signal is observed and 95% confidence level upper limits are set
on the charged Higgs boson production. A model-independent upper limit on the
product branching fraction B( t -> H+/- b ) B( H+/- -> tau+/- nu[tau] )=
1.2-0.15% is obtained in the mass range m(H+/-) = 80-160 GeV, while the upper
limit on the cross section times branching fraction sigma( pp -> t (b) H+/- )
B( H+/- -> tau+/- nu[tau] ) = 0.38-0.025 pb is set in the mass range m(H+/-) =
180-600 GeV. Here, cross section sigma( pp -> t (b) H+/- ) stands for the sum
sigma( pp -> t-bar (b) H+ ) + sigma( pp -> t (b-bar) H- ). Assuming B( H+/- ->
t b ) = 1, an upper limit on sigma ( pp -> t (b) H+/- ) of 2.0-0.13 pb is set
for m(H+/-) = 180-600 GeV. The combination of all considered decay modes and
final states is used to set exclusion limits in the m(H+/-)-tan(beta) parameter
space in different MSSM benchmark scenarios.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-14-023/index.htm
Integrated Genomics of Crohn's Disease Risk Variant Identifies a Role for CLEC12A in Antibacterial Autophagy

Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Acknowledgments We thank Mathieu Platteel (UMCG) for microarray experiments and Natalia Nedelsky for editorial assistance. R.J.X. was supported by the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, and grants AI109725 and DK097485 from the NIH. C.W. is supported by funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Advanced grant agreement 2012-322698). M.G.N was supported by an ERC Consolidator Grant (no. 310372). G.D.B. was supported by the Wellcome Trust. H.B.J. was supported by a clinical fellowship from Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions (AIHS), Alberta, Canada.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Structure, kinematics, and chemical abundances of the inner and outer halo populations

PhD Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University.

Abstract:

The halo of the Milky Way provides unique elemental abundance and kinematic information on the first objects to form in the Universe, which can be used to tightly con-strain models of galaxy formation and evolution.  This thesis presents a wide-ranging analysis of the global structure of the Galactic stellar halo system, comprising the inner and outer halos, through inference of its density profile(s) and determination of the kinematic and orbital parameters of its constituent stars (e.g., mean rotational velocity, velocity ellipsoids, eccentricities). The inner-halo component of the MilkyWay dominates the population of halo stars found at distances up to 10-15 kpc from the Galactic Centre, while the outer-halo component dominates in the regions beyond 15-20 kpc.  It has been shown that stars in the inner-halo population are non-spherically distributed about the centre of the Galaxy,  with an inferred axial ratio on the order of 0.6.  Inner-halo stars possess generally high orbital eccentricities, and exhibit a modest prograde rotation (between 0 and 50 km s-1) around the centre of the Galaxy (Galactocentric rotational velocity).  The metallicity distribution function (MDF) for stars in the inner halo peaks at [Fe/H] = -1.6, with tails extending to higher and lower metallicities.  The outer halo, by contrast, comprises stars that exhibit a much more spherical spatial distribution, with an axial ratio 0.9 to 1.0.  Outer-halo stars cover a wide range of orbital eccentricities,  including many with lower eccentricity orbits than found for most stars associated with the inner halo, and exhibit a clear retrograde net rotation (between -40 and-70 km s-1). The MDF of the outer halo peaks at lower metallicity than that of the inner halo, around [Fe/H] = -2.2, and includes a larger fraction of low-metallicity stars than does the MDF of the inner-halo population. The properties of the thick disk and Metal Weak Thick Disk are also investigated.

In addition, this study addresses the possible chemical distinction between the two halo components in terms of the frequency of the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars among their membership
Black ringoids: spinning balanced black objects in d >= 5 dimensions - the codimension-two case

We propose a general framework for the study of asymptotically flat black objects with k+1 equal magnitude angular momenta in d >= 5 spacetime dimensions (with 0 <= k <= [d-5/2]). In this approach, the dependence on all angular coordinates but one is factorized, which leads to a codimension-two problem. This framework can describe black holes with spherical horizon topology, the simplest solutions corresponding to a class of Myers-Perry black holes. A different set of solutions describes balanced black objects with Sn+1 x S2k+1 horizon topology. The simplest members of this family are the black rings (k = 0). The solutions with k > 0 are dubbed black ringoids. Based on the nonperturbative numerical results found for several values of (n, k), we propose a general picture for the properties and the phase diagram of these solutions and the associated black holes with spherical horizon topology: n = 1 black ringoids repeat the k = 0 pattern of black rings and Myers-Perry black holes in 5 dimensions, whereas n > 1 black ringoids follow the pattern of higher dimensional black rings associated with 'pinched' black holes and Myers-Perry black holes
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). Each leptoquark is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b-quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Third generation leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 534 GeV
A study of CP violation in B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± decays with D→K0SK±π∓ final states

A first study of CP violation in the decay modes B±→[K0SK±π∓]Dh± and B±→[K0SK∓π±]Dh±, where h labels a K or π meson and D labels a D0 or D⎯⎯⎯0 meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1. The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase γ through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of γ using other decay modes
Precise measurements of the properties of the $B_1 (5721)^{0,+}$ and $B_2*(5747)^{0,+}$ states and observation of $B^{+,0} pi^{-,+}$ mass structures

Invariant mass distributions of B+pi- and B0pi+ combinations are investigated in order to study excited B mesons. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to 3.0 fb-1 of pp collision data, recorded by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Precise measurements of the masses and widths of the $B_1 (5721)^{0,+} and B_2*(5747)^(0,+) states are reported. Clear enhancements, particularly prominent at high pion transverse momentum, are seen over background in the mass range 5850--6000 MeV in both B+pi- and B0pi+ combinations. The structures are consistent with the presence of four excited B mesons, labelled B_J(5840)^(0,+) and B_J(5960)^(0,+), whose masses and widths are obtained under different hypotheses for their quantum numbers
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in pp collisions at root s=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

The strength of forward-backward (FB) multiplicity correlations is measured by the ALICE detector in proton-proton (pp) collisions at = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|eta| &lt; 0.8) for the transverse momentum p (T) &gt; 0.3 GeV/c. Two separate pseudorapidity windows of width (delta eta) ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 are chosen symmetrically around eta = 0. The multiplicity correlation strength (b (corr)) is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity gap (eta (gap)) between the two windows as well as the width of these windows. The correlation strength is found to decrease with increasing eta (gap) and shows a non-linear increase with delta eta. A sizable increase of the correlation strength with the collision energy, which cannot be explained exclusively by the increase of the mean multiplicity inside the windows, is observed. The correlation coefficient is also measured for multiplicities in different configurations of two azimuthal sectors selected within the symmetric FB eta-windows. Two different contributions, the short-range (SR) and the long-range (LR), are observed. The energy dependence of b (corr) is found to be weak for the SR component while it is strong for the LR component. Moreover, the correlation coefficient is studied for particles belonging to various transverse momentum intervals chosen to have the same mean multiplicity. Both SR and LR contributions to b (corr) are found to increase with p (T) in this case. Results are compared to PYTHIA and PHOJET event generators and to a string-based phenomenological model. The observed dependencies of b (corr) add new constraints on phenomenological models
Measurement of the cross section ratio sigma(t t-bar b b-bar) / sigma(t t-bar jj) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The first measurement of the cross section ratio sigma(t t-bar b b-bar) / sigma(t t-bar jj) is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns collected in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events with two leptons (e or mu) and four reconstructed jets, including two identified as b quark jets, in the final state are selected. The ratio is determined for a minimum jet transverse momentum pt of both 20 and 40 GeV. The measured ratio is 0.022 +/- 0.003 (stat) +/- 0.005 (syst) for pt > 20 GeV. The absolute cross sections sigma(t t-bar b b-bar) and sigma(t t-bar jj) are also measured. The measured ratio for pt > 40 GeV is compatible with a theoretical quantum chromodynamics calculation at next-to-leading order
Trailing analysis for HAL

The HAL language includes a Herbrand constraint solver which uses Taylor's PARMA scheme rather than the standard WAM representation. This allows HAL to generate more efficient Mercury code. Unfortunately, PARMA's variable representation requires value trailing with a trail stack consumption about twice as large as for the WAM. We present a trailing analysis aimed at determining which Herbrand variables do not need to be trailed. The accuracy of the analysis comes from HAL's semi-optional determinism and mode declarations. The analysis has been partially integrated in the HAL compiler and benchmark programs show good speed-up.status: publishe
(0, 2) SCFTs from the Leigh-Strassler fixed point

We show that there is a family of two-dimensional (0, 2) SCFTs associated with twisted compactifications of the four-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 Leigh-Strassler fixed point on a closed hyperbolic Riemann surface. We calculate the central charges for this class of theories using anomalies and c -extremization. In a suitable truncation of the five-dimensional maximal supergravity, we construct supersymmetric AdS 3 solutions that are holographic duals of those two-dimensional (0, 2) SCFTs. We also exhibit supersymmetric domain wall solutions that are holographically dual to the RG flows between the four-dimensional and two-dimensional theories