pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Introduction to M(atrix) theory and noncommutative geometry, Part II

This review paper is a continuation of hep-th/0012145 and it deals primarily
with noncommutative ${\mathbb R}^{d}$ spaces. We start with a discussion of
various algebras of smooth functions on noncommutative ${\mathbb R}^{d}$ that
have different asymptotic behavior at infinity. We pay particular attention to
the differences arising when working with nonunital algebras and the unitized
ones obtained by adjoining the unit element. After introducing main objects of
noncommutative geometry over those algebras such as inner products, modules,
connections, etc., we continue with a study of soliton and instanton solutions
in field theories defined on these spaces. The discussion of solitons includes
the basic facts regarding the exact soliton solutions in the Yang-Mills-Higgs
systems as well as an elementary discussion of approximate solitons in scalar
theories in the $\theta \to \infty$ limit. We concentrate on the module
structure and topological numbers characterizing the solitons. The section on
instantons contains a thorough description of noncommutative ADHM construction,
a discussion of gauge triviality conditions at infinity and the structure of a
module underlying the ADHM instanton solution. Although some familiarity with
general ideas of noncommutative geometry reviewed in the first part is expected
from the reader, this part is largely independent from the first one.Comment: 34 pages, Late
Dimensional Transmutation and Dimensional Regularization in Quantum Mechanics; 1, General Theory

This is the first in a series of papers addressing the phenomenon of dimensional transmutation in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics within the framework of dimensional regularization. Transmuting potentials are completely characterized and their general properties are derived. A strategy for dimensional renormalization of these systems is presented, both for the bound-state and scattering sectors. Finally, the emergence of an energy scale from the renormalization procedure is explicitly illustrated for the two-dimensional delta-function potential
The Bezoutian and Fisher's information matrix of an ARMA process

In this paper we derive some properties of the Bezout matrix and relate the
Fisher information matrix for a stationary ARMA process to the Bezoutian. Some
properties are explained via realizations in state space form of the
derivatives of the white noise process with respect to the parameters. A
factorization of the Fisher information matrix as a product in factors which
involve the Bezout matrix of the associated AR and MA polynomials is derived.
  From this factorization we can characterize singularity of the Fisher
information matrix
New Results on Pb-Au Collisions at 40 AGeV from the CERES/NA45
  Experiment

In 1999 the CERES/NA45 ran at the CERN SPS with a beam energy of 40
GeV/nucleon. The data set comprises about 8.7 millions Pb-Au events with a
trigger selection corresponding to approximately the most central 30% of the
geometrical cross section. Results on low-mass electron pair analysis are
presented.
  The upgrade of the experimental setup with the radial drift TPC has allowed
to enhance hadron physics capabilities of the experiment. New results on hadron
spectra (including Lambda) and flow are presented.Comment: Talk at the International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC2001,
  Berkeley, CA, July 29th - August 3rd 200
Baryonic contributions to e+e- yields in a hydrodynamic model of Pb+Au
  collisions at the SPS

We analyze e+e- yields from matter containing baryons in addition to mesons
using a hydrodynamic approach to describe Pb+Au collisions at 158 A GeV/c. We
use two distinctly different e+e- production rates to provide contrast.
Although the presence of baryons leads to significant enhancement of e+e-
emission relative to that from mesons-only matter, the calculated results fall
below the data in the range 400 < M/MeV < 600. The calculated results are,
however, only 1.3-1.5 standard deviations below the data, which may not be
statistically significant.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, proceedings of Quark Matter 9
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most important predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and East Asian ancestry. We tested the top-associated BMD markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 cases and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 novel)associated with BMD atgenome-wide significant level (P<5×10−8). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal-stem-cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and the Wnt signalling pathways. However, we also discovered loci containing genes not known to play a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD loci were also associated with fracture risk (P<5×10−4, Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P<5×10−8 including: 18p11.21 (C18orf19), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility
Cosmic X-ray Surveys of Distant Active Galaxies: The Demographics,
  Physics, and Ecology of Growing Supermassive Black Holes

We review results from cosmic X-ray surveys of active galactic nuclei (AGNs)
over the past ~ 15 yr that have dramatically improved our understanding of
growing supermassive black holes in the distant universe. First, we discuss the
utility of such surveys for AGN investigations and the capabilities of the
missions making these surveys, emphasizing Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR.
Second, we briefly describe the main cosmic X-ray surveys, the essential roles
of complementary multiwavelength data, and how AGNs are selected from these
surveys. We then review key results from these surveys on the AGN population
and its evolution ("demographics"), the physical processes operating in AGNs
("physics"), and the interactions between AGNs and their environments
("ecology"). We conclude by describing some significant unresolved questions
and prospects for advancing the field.Comment: 120 pages (last 58 pages are references); The Astronomy and
  Astrophysics Review, in press; This version has minor corrections from the
  first (mostly typographical corrections); The final publication will be
  available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00159-014-0081-
Production of two charm quark-antiquark pairs in single-parton
  scattering within the $k_t$-factorization approach

We present first results for the $2 \to 4$ single-parton scattering $g g \to
c \bar c c \bar c$ subprocess for the first time fully within the
$k_t$-factorization approach. In this calculation we have used the
Kimber-Martin-Ryskin unintegrated gluon distribution which effectively includes
some class of higher-order gluon emissions, and an off-shell matrix element
squared calculated using recently developed techniques. The results are
compared with our earlier result obtained within the collinear-factorization
approach. Only slightly larger cross sections are obtained than in the case of
the collinear approach. Inclusion of transverse momenta of gluons entering the
hard process leads to a much stronger azimuthal decorrelation between $c c$ and
$\bar c \bar c$ than in the collinear-factorization approach. A comparison to
predictions of double parton scattering (DPS) results and the LHCb data
strongly suggests that the assumption of two fully independent DPS ($g g \to c
\bar c \otimes g g \to c \bar c$) may be too approximate.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure
First measurement of the helicity asymmetry $E$ in $\eta$
  photoproduction on the proton

Results are presented for the first measurement of the double-polarization
helicity asymmetry E for the $\eta$ photoproduction reaction $\gamma p
\rightarrow \eta p$. Data were obtained using the FROzen Spin Target (FROST)
with the CLAS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Lab, covering a range of
center-of-mass energy W from threshold to 2.15 GeV and a large range in
center-of-mass polar angle. As an initial application of these data, the
results have been incorporated into the J\"ulich model to examine the case for
the existence of a narrow $N^*$ resonance between 1.66 and 1.70 GeV. The
addition of these data to the world database results in marked changes in the
predictions for the E observable using that model. Further comparison with
several theoretical approaches indicates these data will significantly enhance
our understanding of nucleon resonances
Beyond metrics? : Utilizing 'soft intelligence' for healthcare quality and safety

Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Acknowledgments We acknowledge with gratitude our colleagues on the wider study, especially Janet Willars, who undertook most of the interviews used in this article. We would also like to thank the study's participants, and three anonymous peer reviewers. We thank the United Kingdom Department of Health Policy Research Programme (grant number 0770017) for funding this research programme of which this study was a part. Mary Dixon-Woods’ contribution was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (grant number WT097899MA). Graham Martin's contribution to writing up the paper was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East Midlands. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Policy Research Programme, the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893 : the discovery of a long-period eclipsing binary with a circumstellar disk

S.D. is supported by "the Strategic Priority Research Program-The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB09000000). The OGLE project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/20072013)/ERC grant agreement No. 246678 to A.U. M.D., R.F.J., K.H., R.A.S., C.S., and Y.T. are supported by NPRP grant NPRP-09-476-1-78 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). D.M.B.'s contribution to this publication was made possible by NPRP grant # X-019-1-006 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). C.S. has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 268421.We report the serendipitous discovery of a disk-eclipse system OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893. The eclipse occurs with a period of 468 days, a duration of about 15 days, and a deep (up to ΔmI 1.5), peculiar, and asymmetric profile. A possible origin of such an eclipse profile involves a circumstellar disk. The presence of the disk is confirmed by the H-α line profile from the follow-up spectroscopic observations, and the star is identified as Be/Ae type. Unlike the previously known disk-eclipse candidates, the eclipses of OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893 retain the same shape throughout the span of ∼17 yr (13 orbital periods), indicating no measurable orbital precession of the disk.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Oscillation Theorems for the Wronskian of an Arbitrary Sequence of Eigenfunctions of Schrodinger's Equation

The work of Adler provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the Wronskian of a given sequence of eigenfunctions of Schrodinger's equation to have constant sign in its domain of definition. We extend this result by giving explicit formulas for the number of real zeros of the Wronskian of an arbitrary sequence of eigenfunctions. Our results apply in particular to Wronskians of classical orthogonal polynomials, thus generalizing classical results by Karlin and SzegA. Our formulas hold under very mild conditions that are believed to hold for generic values of the parameters. In the Hermite case, our results allow to prove some conjectures recently formulated by Felder et al
An Update on EMU Sovereign Yield Spread Drivers in Times of Crisis: A Panel Data Analysis

We empirically investigate the determinants of EMU sovereign bond yield spreads with respect to the German bund. Using panel data techniques, we examine the role of a wide set of potential drivers. To our knowledge, this paper presents one of the most exhaustive compilations of the variables used in the literature to study the behaviour of sovereign yield spreads and, in particular, to gauge the effect on these spreads of changes in market sentiment and risk aversion. We use a sample of both central and peripheral countries from January 1999 to December 2012 and assess whether there were significant changes after the outbreak of the euro area debt crisis. Our results suggest that the rise in sovereign risk in central countries can only be partially explained by the evolution of local macroeconomic variables in those countries. Besides, without exception, the marginal effects of sovereign spread drivers (specifically, the variables that measure global market sentiment) increased during the crisis compared to the pre-crisis period, especially in peripheral countries
One-neutron knockout reaction of 17 C on a hydrogen target at 70 MeV/nucleon

First experimental evidence of the population of the first <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math> state in 16 C above the neutron threshold is obtained by neutron knockout from 17 C on a hydrogen target. The invariant mass method combined with in-beam γ -ray detection is used to locate the state at 5.45(1) MeV. Comparison of its populating cross section and parallel momentum distribution with a Glauber model calculation utilizing the shell-model spectroscopic factor confirms the core-neutron removal nature of this state. Additionally, a previously known unbound state at 6.11 MeV and a new state at 6.28(2) MeV are observed. The position of the first <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math> state, which belongs to a member of the lowest-lying p – sd cross shell transition, is reasonably well described by the shell-model calculation using the WBT interaction
Fusion of 40 Ca + 96 Zr revisited: Transfer couplings and hindrance far below the barrier

The sub-barrier fusion excitation function of 40 Ca + 96 Zr has been measured down to cross sections ≃2.4 μb, i.e. two orders of magnitude smaller than obtained in a previous experiment, where the sub-barrier fusion of this system was found to be greatly enhanced with respect to 40 Ca + 90 Zr, and the need of coupling to transfer channels was suggested relying on coupled-channels calculations. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the behavior of 40 Ca + 96 Zr fusion far below the barrier, thereby disentangling the elusive interplay of effects due to inelastic couplings, transfer couplings and, possibly, the appearance of the fusion hindrance. The smooth trend of the excitation function has been found to continue, and the logarithmic slope increases very slowly. No indication of hindrance shows up, and a comparison with 48 Ca + 96 Zr is illuminating in this respect. A new CC analysis of the complete excitation function has been performed, including explicitly one- and two-nucleon <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Q</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math> transfer channels. Such transfer couplings bring significant cross section enhancements, even at the level of a few μb. Locating the hindrance threshold, if any, in 40 Ca + 96 Zr would require challenging measurements of cross sections in the sub-μb range
On the stability of multiscale models of dynamical symmetry breaking from holography

We consider two classes of backgrounds of Type IIB supergravity obtained by wrapping D5-branes on a two-cycle inside the conifold. The field theory dual exhibits confinement and, in addition, a region in which the dynamics is walking, at least in the weak sense that the running of the coupling is anomalously slow. We introduce quenched matter in the fundamental, modeled by probe D7-branes which wrap an internal three-dimensional manifold and lie at the equator of the transverse two-sphere. In the space spanned by the remaining internal angle and the radial coordinate, the branes admit two embeddings. The first one is U-shaped: the branes merge at some finite value of the radius. The second one is disconnected and extends along the entire radial direction at fixed angular separation. We interpret these two configurations as corresponding to chiral-symmetry breaking and preserving phases, respectively
Chaotic hybrid inflation with a gauged B–L

In this paper we present a novel formulation of chaotic hybrid inflation in supergravity. The model includes a waterfall field which spontaneously breaks a gauged U1(B–L) at a GUT scale. This allows for the possibility of future model building which includes the standard formulation of baryogenesis via leptogenesis with the waterfall field decaying into right-handed neutrinos. We have not considered the following issues in this short paper, i.e. supersymmetry breaking, dark matter or the gravitino or moduli problems. Our focus is on showing the compatibility of the present model with Planck, WMAP and Bicep2 data
Higgs boson gluon–fusion production at threshold in N 3 LO QCD

We present the cross-section for the threshold production of the Higgs boson at hadron-colliders at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N 3 LO) in perturbative QCD. We present an analytic expression for the partonic cross-section at threshold and the impact of these corrections on the numerical estimates for the hadronic cross-section at the LHC. With this result we achieve a major milestone towards a complete evaluation of the cross-section at N 3 LO which will reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the determination of the strengths of the Higgs boson interactions
The classical nonlinear Schrödinger model with a new integrable boundary

A new integrable boundary for the classical nonlinear Schrödinger model is derived by dressing a boundary with a defect. A complete investigation of the integrability of the new boundary is carried out in the sense that the boundary K $$ \mathcal{K} $$ matrix is derived and the integrability is proved via the classical r -matrix. The issue of conserved charges is also discussed. The key point in proving the integrability of the new boundary is the use of suitable modified Poisson brackets. Finally, concerning the kind of defect used in the present context, this investigation offers the opportunity to prove — beyond any doubts — their integrability
Global and local properties of AdS 2 higher spin gravity

Two-dimensional BF theory with infinitely many higher spin fields is proposed. It is interpreted as the AdS 2 higher spin gravity model describing a consistent interaction between local fields in AdS 2 space including gravitational field, higher spin partially-massless fields, and dilaton fields. We carry out analysis of the frame-like and the metric-like formulation of the theory. Infinite-dimensional higher spin global algebras and their finite-dimensional truncations are realized in terms of o (2 , 1) − sp (2) Howe dual auxiliary variables
Dynamical phase coexistence: A simple solution to the “savanna problem”

8 pages, 7 figures.-- PDF pre-print.We introduce the concept of dynamical phase coexistence to provide a simple solution for a long-standing problem in theoretical ecology, the so-called “savanna problem”. The challenge is to understand why in savanna ecosystems trees and grasses coexist in a robust way with large spatiotemporal variability. We propose a simple model, a variant of the contact process (CP), which includes two key extra features: varying external (environmental/rainfall) conditions and tree age. The system fluctuates locally between a woodland and a grassland phase, corresponding to the active and absorbing phases of the underlying pure contact process. This leads to a highly variable stable phase characterized by patches of the woodland and grassland phases coexisting dynamically. We show that the mean time to tree extinction under this model increases as a power-law of system size and can be of the order of 10,000,000 years in even moderately sized savannas. Finally, we demonstrate that while local interactions among trees may influence tree spatial distribution and the order of the transition between woodland and grassland phases, they do not affect dynamical coexistence. We expect dynamical coexistence to be relevant in other contexts in physics, biology or the social sciences.F.V., C.L., and J.M.C. acknowledge support from NEST-Complexity project PATRES (043268). F.V. and C.L. acknowledge support from project FISICOS (FIS2007-60327) of MEC and FEDER. M.A.M. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MICINN-FEDER under Project No. FIS2009-08451 and from Junta de Andalucía as group FQM-165.Peer reviewe
Polygenic transmission and complex neuro developmental network for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: genome-wide association study of both common and rare variants.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex polygenic disorder. This study aimed to discover common and rare DNA variants associated with ADHD in a large homogeneous Han Chinese ADHD case-control sample. The sample comprised 1,040 cases and 963 controls. All cases met DSM-IV ADHD diagnostic criteria. We used the Affymetrix6.0 array to assay both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs). Genome-wide association analyses were performed using PLINK. SNP-heritability and SNP-genetic correlations with ADHD in Caucasians were estimated with genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). Pathway analyses were performed using the Interval enRICHment Test (INRICH), the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE), and the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). We did not find genome-wide significance for single SNPs but did find an increased burden of large, rare CNVs in the ADHD sample (P = 0.038). SNP-heritability was estimated to be 0.42 (standard error, 0.13, P = 0.0017) and the SNP-genetic correlation with European Ancestry ADHD samples was 0.39 (SE 0.15, P = 0.0072). The INRICH, DAPPLE, and GREAT analyses implicated several gene ontology cellular components, including neuron projections and synaptic components, which are consistent with a neurodevelopmental pathophysiology for ADHD. This study suggested the genetic architecture of ADHD comprises both common and rare variants. Some common causal variants are likely to be shared between Han Chinese and Caucasians. Complex neurodevelopmental networks may underlie ADHD's etiology
Infinitely many shape-invariant potentials and cubic identities of the Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials

We provide analytic proofs for the shape invariance of the recently discovered [ Odake and Sasaki, Phys. Lett. B 679, 414 (2009) ] two families of infinitely many exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials. These potentials are obtained by deforming the well-known radial oscillator potential or the Darboux–Pöschl–Teller potential by a degree ℓ (ℓ = 1,2,…) eigenpolynomial. The shape invariance conditions are attributed to new polynomial identities of degree 3ℓ involving cubic products of the Laguerre or Jacobi polynomials. These identities are proved elementarily by combining simple identities