pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing animal husbandry: Trauma in Meleagris gallopavo (domestic turkey) ulnae from the American Southwest (c. 900–1678 CE)

Palaeopathological and metrical analyses of faunal remains have the potential to illuminate features of past husbandry practices including demography, stocking, injury and care, housing, transport and movement, diet, and breeding. This paper presents the results of metrical and palaeopathological analyses of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) remains from nine assemblages excavated from sites across the American Southwest.Metrical data demonstrate variation in the size and overall morphology of turkeys across these sites and support the idea that meat production was not the sole purpose for turkey husbandry. The most frequently-occurring type of lesion in any skeletal element was trauma (physical injury), and 36% of these pathologies were present in ulnae. Lesions in ulnae at five sites provide evidence for the possibility that feathers were harvested from live turkeys at some sites.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Search for anomalous production of multilepton events in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for anomalous production of events with three or more isolated leptons in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 fb[superscript −1], were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC during the 2011 run. The search is applicable to any model of new physics that enhances multiple lepton production. The observed multilepton events are categorized into exclusive search channels based on the identity and kinematics of the objects in the events. An estimate of the standard-model background rates from data is emphasized, but simulation is also used to estimate some of the background rates. The search results are interpreted in the context of supersymmetry, including both R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating models. We derive exclusion limits as a function of squark, gluino, and chargino masses.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Longitudinal study on the colonisation and transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms

Knowledge about the dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs lacks detail at the level of individual animal. The aim of our study was therefore to determine the colonisation status of MRSA in individual pigs from birth to slaughter in order to gain a better understanding of substantial factors involved in transmission. Two farrow-to-finish and two grow-to-finish herds were included in the study. A total of 1728 nasal swabs from 390 pigs and 592 environmental wipes were collected at 11 different time points. Intermittent colonisation throughout the entire production cycle was conspicuous in the tracking of MRSA in individual pigs. Almost all pigs from a MRSA-positive herd changed MRSA status several times, which implies that pigs are transiently rather than permanently colonised. We highly recommend the definition of MRSA status at herd level rather that at the level of the individual pig when considering prevention measures against MRSA. Therefore, to avoid the further spread of MRSA in countries with moderate prevalence, such as in Switzerland, defining farms as MRSA positive or MRSA negative and allowing the trade of pigs only within herds of the same status seems feasible. This will also be important for combating the further dissemination of livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA into healthcare facilities and the community via humans who have close contact with animal
Search for associated production of a Z boson with a single top quark
  and for tZ flavour-changing interactions in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for the production of a single top quark in association with a Z
boson is presented, both to identify the expected standard model process and to
search for flavour-changing neutral current interactions. The data sample
corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns recorded by
the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV.
Final states with three leptons (electrons or muons) and at least one jet are
investigated. An events yield compatible with tZq standard model production is
observed, and the corresponding cross section is measured to be sigma( p p -> t
Z q -> l nu b l+ l- q ) = 10 +8/-7 fb with a significance of 2.4 standard
deviations. No presence of flavour-changing neutral current production of tZq
is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the branching
fractions of a top quark decaying to a Z boson and an up or a charm quark are
found to be B( t -> Z u ) < 0.022% and B( t -> Z c ) < 0.049%.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-12-03
Tax competition and the international distribution of firm ownership: an invariance result

The final publication is available at Springer via: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10797-009-9126-z.How does the international distribution of firm ownership affect the outcomes of tax/subsidy competition for mobile plants? As corporate ownership becomes increasingly globalised, this question becomes increasingly important for policy. We prove a strong invariance result in the context of the tax/subsidy competition between two host countries for a monopoly firm’s plant. Both the equilibrium plant location and the equilibrium tax/subsidy offers are independent of the international distribution of the firm’s ownership. The reason is that the tax/subsidy competition equalises the firm’s post-tax profits across countries, making owners of capital indifferent towards the location of production
Zebrafish embryonic lipidomic analysis reveals that the yolk cell as metabolically active in processing lipid

The role of lipids in providing energy and structural cellular components during vertebrate development is poorly understood. To elucidate these roles further, we visualized lipid deposition and examined expression of key lipid-regulating genes during zebrafish embryogenesis. We also conducted a semiquantitative analysis of lipidomic composition using liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry. Finally, we analyzed processing of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) lipid analogs injected into the yolk using thin layer chromatography. Our data reveal that the most abundant lipids in the embryo are cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and triglyceride. Moreover, we demonstrate that lipids are processed within the yolk prior to mobilization to the embryonic body. Our data identify a metabolically active yolk and body resulting in a dynamic lipid composition. This provides a foundation for studying lipid biology during normal or pharmacologically compromised embryogenesis
Study of the local field distribution on a single-molecule magnet by a single paramagnetic crystal ; a DPPH crystal on the surface of an Mn12-acetate crystal

The local magnetic field distribution on the surface of a single-molecule magnet crystal, SMM, above blocking temperature (T &gt;&gt; Tb) detected for a very short time interval (∼ 10−10 s), has been investigated. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using a local paramagnetic probe was employed as a simple alternative detection method. An SMM crystal of [Mn12O12(CH3COO)16(H2O)4]∙2CH3COOH∙4H2O (Mn12-acetate) and a crystal of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the paramagnetic probe were chosen for this study. The EPR spectra of DPPH deposited on Mn12-acetate show additional broadening and shifting in the magnetic field in comparison to the spectra of the DPPH in the absence of the SMM crystal. The additional broadening of the DPPH linewidth was considered in terms of the two dominant electron spin interactions (dipolar and exchange) and the local magnetic field distribution on the crystal surface. The temperature dependence of the linewidth of the Gaussian distribution of local fields at the SMM surface was extrapolated for the low temperature interval (70-5 K)
Search for H→γγ  produced in association with top quarks and constraints on the Yukawa coupling between the top quark and the Higgs boson using data taken at 7 TeV and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for Higgs bosons produced in association with top quarks using the diphoton decay mode of the Higgs boson. Selection requirements are optimized separately for leptonic and fully hadronic final states from the top quark decays. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 20.3 fb⁻¹ at 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess over the background prediction is observed and upper limits are set on the tt¯ H  production cross section. The observed exclusion upper limit at 95% confidence level is 6.7 times the predicted Standard Model cross section value. In addition, limits are set on the strength of the Yukawa coupling between the top quark and the Higgs boson, taking into account the dependence of the tt ¯ H  and tH  cross sections as well as the H→γγ  branching fraction on the Yukawa coupling. Lower and upper limits at 95% confidence level are set at -1.3 and +8.0 times the Yukawa coupling strength in the Standard Model
Effect of anisotropy in the S=1 underscreened Kondo lattice

AbstractWe study the effect of crystal field anisotropy in the underscreened S=1 Kondo lattice model. Starting from the two orbital Anderson lattice model and including a local anisotropy term, we show, through Schrieffer–Wolff transformation, that local anisotropy is equivalent to an anisotropic Kondo interaction (J∥≠J⊥). The competition and coexistence between ferromagnetism and Kondo effect in this effective model is studied within a generalized mean-field approximation. Several regimes are obtained, depending on the parameters, exhibiting or not coexistence of magnetic order and Kondo effect. Particularly, we show that a re-entrant Kondo phase at low temperature can be obtained. We are also able to describe phases where the Kondo temperature is smaller than the Curie temperature (TK<TC). We propose that some aspects of uranium and neptunium compounds that present coexistence of Kondo effect and ferromagnetism can be understood within this model
Single-Molecule Observation of the Ligand-Induced Population Shift of Rhodopsin, A G-Protein-Coupled Receptor

AbstractRhodopsin is a G-protein-coupled receptor, in which retinal chromophore acts as inverse-agonist or agonist depending on its configuration and protonation state. Photostimulation of rhodopsin results in a pH-dependent equilibrium between the active state (Meta-II) and its inactive precursor (Meta-I). Here, we monitored conformational changes of rhodopsin using a fluorescent probe Alexa594 at the cytoplasmic surface, which shows fluorescence increase upon the generation of active state, by single-molecule measurements. The fluorescence intensity of a single photoactivated rhodopsin molecule alternated between two states. Interestingly, such a fluorescence alternation was also observed for ligand-free rhodopsin (opsin), but not for dark-state rhodopsin. In addition, the pH-dependences of Meta-I/Meta-II equilibrium estimated by fluorescence measurements deviated notably from estimates based on absorption spectra, indicating that both Meta-I and Meta-II are mixtures of two conformers. Our observations indicate that rhodopsin molecules intrinsically adopt both active and inactive conformations, and the ligand retinal shifts the conformational equilibrium. These findings provide dynamical insights into the activation mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors
Targeting TKI-resistance in NSCLC: Importance of rebiopsy and molecular diagnostics—A case study

AbstractWe present the case of a 27 year old woman with widely disseminated metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung who outlived stage IV diagnosis of NSCLC by more than 4 years. Based on rebiopsy and molecular diagnostics of oncogene dependency, appropriately targeted therapies were successfully employed up to a fifth line oral monotherapy with the ErbB family blocker afatinib for a final 11 months. We stress the importance of rebiopsies, the corresponding selection of targeted therapies, and the observed gain in quality of live even in end stage disease
Large deviations for multiscale diffusion via weak convergence methods

AbstractWe study the large deviations principle for locally periodic SDEs with small noise and fast oscillating coefficients. There are three regimes depending on how fast the intensity of the noise goes to zero relative to homogenization parameter. We use weak convergence methods which provide convenient representations for the action functional for all regimes. Along the way, we study weak limits of controlled SDEs with fast oscillating coefficients. We derive, in some cases, a control that nearly achieves the large deviations lower bound at prelimit level. This control is useful for designing efficient importance sampling schemes for multiscale small noise diffusion
Measurement of the B¯0–B0 and B¯s0–Bs0 production asymmetries in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe B¯0–B0 and B¯s0–Bs0 production asymmetries, AP(B0) and AP(Bs0), are measured by means of a time-dependent analysis of B0→J/ψK⁎0, B0→D−π+ and Bs0→Ds−π+ decays, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by LHCb in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the B0 and Bs0 mesons within the LHCb acceptance. The production asymmetries, integrated over pT and η in the range 4<pT<30 GeV/c and 2.5<η<4.5, are determined to be AP(B0)=(−0.35±0.76±0.28)% and AP(Bs0)=(1.09±2.61±0.66)%, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic
Investigation on Fault-ride through Methods for VSC-HVDC Connected Offshore Wind Farms

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel fault-ride through method for offshore wind farms connected to grid through a voltage source converter (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. The proposed method introduces a controlled voltage drop at offshore grid when an onshore fault occurs. The idea behind is to achieve a fast power reduction. Additionally in the proposed idea, every individual wind turbine detects the voltage drop of offshore grid almost simultaneously, then its controller decreases the power set-point to reduce the power output from each wind turbine. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical simulations performed in PSCAD
Pion–nucleon correlations in finite nuclei in a relativistic framework: Effects on the shell structure

AbstractThe relativistic particle-vibration coupling (RPVC) model is extended by the inclusion of isospin-flip excitation modes into the phonon space, introducing a new mechanism of dynamical interaction between nucleons with different isospin in the nuclear medium. Protons and neutrons exchange by collective modes which are formed by isovector π and ρ-mesons, in turn, softened considerably because of coupling to nucleons of the medium. These modes are investigated within the proton–neutron relativistic random phase approximation (pn-RRPA) and relativistic proton–neutron time blocking approximation (pn-RTBA). The appearance of isospin-flip states with sizable transition probabilities at low energies points out that they are likely to couple to the single-particle degrees of freedom and, in addition to isoscalar low-lying phonons, to modify their spectroscopic characteristics. Such a coupling is quantified for the shell structure of 100,132Sn and found significant for the location of the dominant single-particle states
A Chemical Probe that Labels Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

SummaryA small-molecule fluorescent probe specific for human pluripotent stem cells would serve as a useful tool for basic cell biology research and stem cell therapy. Screening of fluorescent chemical libraries with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequent evaluation of hit molecules identified a fluorescent compound (Kyoto probe 1 [KP-1]) that selectively labels human pluripotent stem cells. Our analyses indicated that the selectivity results primarily from a distinct expression pattern of ABC transporters in human pluripotent stem cells and from the transporter selectivity of KP-1. Expression of ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP), both of which cause the efflux of KP-1, is repressed in human pluripotent stem cells. Although KP-1, like other pluripotent markers, is not absolutely specific for pluripotent stem cells, the identified chemical probe may be used in conjunction with other reagents
Shared values and deliberative valuation: Future directions

AbstractValuation that focuses only on individual values evades the substantial collective and intersubjective meanings, significance and value from ecosystems. Shared, plural and cultural values of ecosystems constitute a diffuse and interdisciplinary field of research, covering an area that links questions around value ontology, elicitation and aggregation with questions of participation, ethics, and social justice. Synthesising understanding from various contributions to this Special Issue of Ecosystem Services, and with a particular focus on deliberation and deliberative valuation, we discuss key findings and present 35 future research questions in eight topic areas: 1) the ontology of shared values; 2) the role of catalyst and conflict points; 3) shared values and cultural ecosystem services; 4) transcendental values; 5) the process and outcomes of deliberation; 6) deliberative monetary valuation; 7) value aggregation, meta-values and ‘rules of the game’; and 8) integrating valuation methods. The results of this Special Issue and these key questions can help develop a more extensive evidence base to mature the area and develop environmental valuation into a more pluralistic, comprehensive, robust, legitimate and effective way of safeguarding ecosystems and their services for the future
The classical Yang–Baxter equation and the associated Yangian symmetry of gauged WZW-type theories

AbstractWe construct the Lax-pair, the classical monodromy matrix and the corresponding solution of the Yang–Baxter equation, for a two-parameter deformation of the Principal chiral model for a simple group. This deformation includes as a one-parameter subset, a class of integrable gauged WZW-type theories interpolating between the WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the principal chiral model. We derive in full detail the Yangian algebra using two independent methods: by computing the algebra of the non-local charges and alternatively through an expansion of the Maillet brackets for the monodromy matrix. As a byproduct, we also provide a detailed general proof of the Serre relations for the Yangian symmetry
Language Life of Japanese Expatriates in Non-English Speaking Countries: The Cases of Barcelona and Madrid

AbstractStarting from the question of whether expatriates can survive a temporary stay in the host society without any knowledge of the local language, this study explores the language life of Japanese expatriates in Barcelona and Madrid. The relationship between language competence, language needs, and the degree of communicative satisfaction and satisfaction with life in general was analyzed. The result suggests that use of the local language in a Non-English-speaking country is very important and can be one of the factors determining the degree of communicative satisfaction, but not necessary satisfaction with life in general
How a Broken Egg Attractor Has Inﬂuenced the Dynamics of My Life*

AbstractFirst, the Broken Egg Phenomenon (BEgg) which constitutes this symposium's starting point is presented. It was observed accidentallyinthe courseofthe author's analog computerexperimentsfora PeriodicallyForced Self-Oscillatory System, just50 years and5days ago. Then,experimental researches aregiven from another study conductedin accordance with the BEgg phenomenon which was implemented as an electronic circuit. Finally, the prescriptive systems are proposed in order to surveythe phenomena which occur in PeriodicallyForced Self-Oscillatory Systems. Among various steady states in the systems, regular (predictable) phenomena and their bifurcation sets are presented, covering all such phenomena that are readily observed, perhaps excepting some phenomena of so-called second kind. Various chaotic attractors are also collected, and it is shown that global bifurcations and classiﬁcation of chaotic attractors are often related,butit seemstobeextremelydifficult to describe them completely
Wood Formation in Trees Is Increased by Manipulating PXY-Regulated Cell Division

SummaryThe woody tissue of trees is composed of xylem cells that arise from divisions of stem cells within the cambial meristem. The rate of xylem cell formation is dependent upon the rate of cell division within the cambium and is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors [1, 2]. In the annual plant Arabidopsis, signaling between a peptide ligand CLE41 and a receptor kinase PXY controls cambial cell divisions [3–5]; however, the pathway regulating secondary growth in trees has not been identified. Here, we show that an aspen receptor kinase PttPXY and its peptide ligand PttCLE41 are functional orthologs and act to control a multifunctional pathway that regulates both the rate of cambial cell division and woody tissue organization. Ectopic overexpression of PttPXY and PttCLE41 genes in hybrid aspen resulted in vascular tissue abnormalities and poor plant growth. In contrast, precise tissue-specific overexpression generated trees that exhibited a 2-fold increase in the rate of wood formation, were taller, and possessed larger leaves compared to the controls. Our results demonstrate that the PXY-CLE pathway has evolved to regulate secondary growth and manipulating this pathway can result in dramatically increased tree growth and productivity
Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractIsolated photon production is measured in proton–proton and lead–lead collisions at nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |η|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon–nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities
Multiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons from deep-inelastic scattering of muons off an isoscalar target

AbstractMultiplicities of charged pions and charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering were measured in three-dimensional bins of the Bjorken scaling variable x, the relative virtual-photon energy y and the relative hadron energy z. Data were obtained by the COMPASS Collaboration using a 160GeV muon beam and an isoscalar target (6LiD). They cover the kinematic domain in the photon virtuality Q2>1(GeV/c)2, 0.004<x<0.4, 0.2<z<0.85 and 0.1<y<0.7. In addition, a leading-order pQCD analysis was performed using the pion multiplicity results to extract quark fragmentation functions
Conceptual Design for Electromagnetic Guided Rotary Table in Machine Tools

AbstractDifficult-to-machine materials are still challenging the production industry. Examples are highly complex components of aircraft engines. Alongside innovative processes, also improved machine tool components are helping to comply with the demands of this task. This paper presents a design approach of a rotary table with an active magnetic bearing. Opportunities in machining through employing magnetic guides are presented and discussed in the beginning. In the following, a workflow for the magnetic bearing design in swivel rotary tables is proposed. The mentioned steps are executed based on a presently under design rotary table