pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Jet axes and universal transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation

We study the transverse momentum spectrum of hadrons in jets. By measuring
the transverse momentum with respect to a judiciously chosen axis, we find that
this observable is insensitive to (the recoil of) soft radiation. Furthermore,
for small transverse momenta we show that the effects of the jet boundary
factorize, leading to a new transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation
function. In contrast to the usual TMD fragmentation functions, it does not
involve rapidity divergences and is universal in the sense that it is
independent of the type of process and number of jets. These results directly
apply to sub-jets instead of hadrons. We discuss potential applications, which
include studying nuclear modification effects in heavy-ion collisions and
identifying boosted heavy resonances.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures; v2: journal version, fixed matching coefficients
  in (4.2) - (4.5) and (4.13
ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg
  atoms

We present an object-oriented Python library for computation of properties of
highly-excited Rydberg states of alkali atoms. These include single-body
effects such as dipole matrix elements, excited-state lifetimes (radiative and
black-body limited) and Stark maps of atoms in external electric fields, as
well as two-atom interaction potentials accounting for dipole and quadrupole
coupling effects valid at both long and short range for arbitrary placement of
the atomic dipoles. The package is cross-referenced to precise measurements of
atomic energy levels and features extensive documentation to facilitate rapid
upgrade or expansion by users. This library has direct application in the field
of quantum information and quantum optics which exploit the strong Rydberg
dipolar interactions for two-qubit gates, robust atom-light interfaces and
simulating quantum many-body physics, as well as the field of metrology using
Rydberg atoms as precise microwave electrometers.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, code and documentation available online (see
  Ref. [18] and Ref. [21] for more details
Combination or Differentiation? Two theories of processing order in classification.

Does cognition begin with an undifferentiated stimulus whole, which can be divided into distinct attributes if time and cognitive resources allow (Differentiation Theory)? Or does it begin with the attributes, which are combined if time and cognitive resources allow (Combination Theory)? Across psychology, use of the terms analytic and non-analytic imply that Differentiation Theory is correct-if cognition begins with the attributes, then synthesis, rather than analysis, is the more appropriate chemical analogy. We re-examined four classic studies of the effects of time pressure, incidental training, and concurrent load on classification and category learning (Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Kemler Nelson, 1984; Smith & Shapiro, 1989; Ward, 1983). These studies are typically interpreted as supporting Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory, while more recent work in classification (Milton et al., 2008, et seq.) supports the opposite conclusion. Across seven experiments, replication and re-analysis of the four classic studies revealed that they do not support Differentiation Theory over Combination Theory-two experiments support Combination Theory over Differentiation Theory, and the remainder are compatible with both accounts. We conclude that Combination Theory provides a parsimonious account of both classic and more recent work in this area. The presented data do not require Differentiation Theory, nor a Combination-Differentiation hybrid account
Wild to domestic and back again: the dynamics of fallow deer management in medieval England

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at 10.1080/20548923.2016.1208027This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive scientific study of the fallow deer, a non-native species whose medieval-period introduction to Britain transformed the cultural landscape. It brings together data from traditional zooarchaeological analyses with those derived from new ageing techniques as well as the results of a programme of radiocarbon dating, multi-element isotope studies and genetic analyses. These new data are here integrated with historical and landscape evidence to examine changing patterns of fallow deer translocation and management in medieval England between the 11th and 16th century AD.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Harmonization study between LC-MS/MS and Diasorin RIA for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a large population survey

Background: Population-based research on vitamin D has increased dramatically in recent years. Such studies are typically reliant on assay procedures to measure reliable and comparable levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. Methods: Concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 were measured using LC-MS/MS in 5,915 participants (aged 31 years) of Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Blood samples were assayed in batches over a course of 18 months. As anomalies were present in the measurements, 200 samples were reassayed using Diasorin RIA. Agreement between measurements was assessed by Passing–Bablok regression and limits of agreement (LoA). To harmonize LC-MS/MS with Diasorin RIA measurements, formulae were derived from the LoA. Results: Concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS were much higher than those measured by Diasorin RIA, with a mean difference of 12.9 ng/ml. Constant variation was evident between batch measurements after log transformation. Statistical formula was applied separately for each batch of LC-MS/MS measurements, enabling us to remove both the constant and proportional bias that was evident prior to the transformation. Conclusion: Despite the introduction of schemes/programs to improve accuracy of assays to measure 25(OH)D, significant differences can still happen. In these instances, methods to harmonize measurements based on a relatively small number of replicates can be successfully applied to establish confidence and to enable between-study comparisons
Generative models of the human connectome.

The human connectome represents a network map of the brain's wiring diagram and the pattern into which its connections are organized is thought to play an important role in cognitive function. The generative rules that shape the topology of the human connectome remain incompletely understood. Earlier work in model organisms has suggested that wiring rules based on geometric relationships (distance) can account for many but likely not all topological features. Here we systematically explore a family of generative models of the human connectome that yield synthetic networks designed according to different wiring rules combining geometric and a broad range of topological factors. We find that a combination of geometric constraints with a homophilic attachment mechanism can create synthetic networks that closely match many topological characteristics of individual human connectomes, including features that were not included in the optimization of the generative model itself. We use these models to investigate a lifespan dataset and show that, with age, the model parameters undergo progressive changes, suggesting a rebalancing of the generative factors underlying the connectome across the lifespan
Search for a heavy bottom-like quark in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for pair-produced bottom-like quarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is conducted with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The decay b′→tW is considered in this search. The b′[bar over b′] →tW[superscript -][bar over t]W[superscript +] process can be identified by the distinctive signature of trileptons and same-sign dileptons. With a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb[superscript −1], no excess above the standard model background predictions is observed and a b′ quark with a mass between 255 and 361 [GeV over c[superscript 2]] is excluded at the 95% confidence level.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Study of Z boson production in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{^{s}NN}$ =5.02TeV

The production of Z bosons in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{^{s}NN}$ = 5.02 TeV is studied by the CMS experiment via the electron and muon decay channels. The inclusive cross sec- tion is compared to pp collision predictions, and found to scale with the number of elementary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential cross sections as a function of the Z boson rapidity and transverse momentum are measured. Though they are found to be consistent within uncertainty with theoretical predictions both with and without nuclear effects, the forward-backward asymmetry suggests the presence of nuclear effects at large rapidities. These results provide new data for constraining nuclear parton distribution functions
Search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson to eττ and eμ in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

A direct search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson (H) in the H→eτ and H→eμ channels is described. The data sample used in the search was collected in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$. No evidence is found for lepton flavour violating decays in either final state. Upper limits on the branching fractions, B(H→eτ)<0.69% and B(H→eμ)<0.035% , are set at the 95% confidence level. The constraint set on B(H→eτ) is an order of magnitude more stringent than the existing indirect limits. The limits are used to constrain the corresponding flavour violating Yukawa couplings, absent in the standard model
Disk Dispersal: Theoretical Understanding and Observational\ud
Constraints

Protoplanetary disks dissipate rapidly after the central star forms, on time-scales comparable to those inferred for planet formation. In order to allow the formation of planets, disks must survive the dispersive effects of UV and X-ray photoevaporation for at least a few Myr. Viscous accretion depletes significant amounts of the mass in gas and solids, while photoevaporative flows driven by internal and external irradiation remove most of the gas. A reasonably large fraction of the mass in solids and some gas get incorporated into planets. Here, we review our current understanding of disk evolution and dispersal, and discuss how these might affect planet formation. We also discuss existing observational constraints on dispersal mechanisms and future directions
Late Palaeogene emplacement and late Neogene-Quaternary exhumation of the Kuril island-arc root (Kunashir island) constrained by multi-method thermochronometry

The Kuril islands constitute a volcanic island arc-trench system, stretching from eastern Hokkaido (Japan) to Kamchatka (Russia) along the northwestern Pacific subduction system. The current arc consists of several volcanic islands mainly with Neogene basement and capped by several, predominantly andesitic, active subduction stratovolcanoes. Kunashir Island is the southwestern-most island of the arc, just off the Hokkaido coast and represents the study area in this paper. The island is composed of a Lower Complex of mainly late Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks, covered by an Upper Complex of younger (basaltic) andesitic lava flows and tuffs on which currently four active volcanic edifices are built. In the Lower Complex sub-volcanic and deeper-seated intrusives of the so-called Prasolov and Dokuchaev magmatic complexes are found. More differentiated, tonalitic-granodioritic rocks were collected from these small intrusive bodies. An early Oligocene zircon LA-ICP-MS U/Pb age of 31 Ma for the Prasolov Complex was obtained, showing that the basement of Kunashir Island is older than previously thought. Thermo- chronometry (apatite fi ssion-track and U-Th-Sm/He and zircon U-Th/He analyses) further shows that the magmatic basement of the island was rapidly exhumed in the Pleistocene to present levels in a differential pattern, with He-ages ranging from 1.9 to 0.8 Ma. It is shown that the northern section of the island was hereby exhumed more intensely.J. De Grave, F.I. Zhimulev, S. Glorie, G.V. Kuznetsov, N. Evans, F. Vanhaecke, B. McInne
Game Theory Explorer - Software for the Applied Game Theorist

This paper presents the "Game Theory Explorer" software tool to create and analyze games as models of strategic interaction. A game in extensive or strategic form is created and nicely displayed with a graphical user interface in a web browser. State-of-the-art algorithms then compute all Nash equilibria of the game after a mouseclick. In tutorial fashion, we present how the program is used, and the ideas behind its main algorithms. We report on experiences with the architecture of the software and its development as an open-source project
Co-extracted bioactive compounds in Capsicum fruit extracts prevents the cytotoxic effects of capsaicin on B104 neuroblastoma cells

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect\ud
of capsaicin and ethanolic Capsicum extracts on B104\ud
neuroblastoma cells as a potential anticancer agent. \ud
Additionally, this study also aims to examine the\ud
inﬂuence of co-extracted bioactive compounds (vitamin \ud
E, vitamin C and quercetin) in Capsicum fruit extracts \ud
on the cytotoxic effects of capsaicin in neuroblastoma \ud
cells. MTT and LDH assays Q3were used to determine \ud
viability and cell death in B104 neuroblastoma  cells. \ud
Antioxidative properties of capsaicin,vitamin E, vitamin \ud
C and quercetin were estimated by means of cyclic and square wave voltammetry. There was a signiﬁcant cytotoxicity of capsaicin (100 �mol/L) after 24 h incubation \ud
and for capsaicin (250 �mol/L),even when cells are treated \ud
for 1 h. On the other hand, ethanolic Capsicum extracts \ud
which contained capsaicin (0.5–2.1 mmol/L) did not show \ud
any cytotoxic effect. We suggest therefore,that other co-extracted compounds within the ethanolic extracts interact \ud
antagonistic with the cytotoxic effect of capsaicin \ud
and their interactions should be further investigated. \ud
Our results indicate that capsaicin in high concentration \ud
induces cytotoxic effects in a dose dependent manner, \ud
but other bioactive compounds present in Capsicum \ud
fruits prevent the cytotoxic effects of the extracts \ud
on neuroblastoma cells.\u
Enhancement of “CP-odd” Higgs boson production in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with explicit CP-violation

AbstractWe calculate the production cross section of the “CP-odd” Higgs boson via gluon fusion in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with explicit CP-violation in the stop sector. We show that there is a parameter region in which the cross section is enhanced by a factor of about 1000, as compared to the case without CP-violation in the stop sector. In the parameter region where the “CP-odd” Higgs boson can decay into a stop pair, the stop pair events will be the important signature of the enhanced “CP-odd” Higgs boson production. In the case where the “CP-odd” Higgs boson cannot decay into any superparticles, the γγ and ττ decay channels could become important for discovering the “CP-odd” Higgs boson. We also discuss the constraints from electric dipole moments of electron, neutron and mercury on the viable parameter space mentioned above
Mirroring of 400 GeV/c protons by an ultra-thin straight crystal

AbstractChanneling is the confinement of the trajectory of a charged particle in a crystalline solid. Positively charged particles channeled between crystal planes oscillate with a certain oscillation length, which depends on particle energy. A crystal whose thickness is half the oscillation length for planar channeling may act as a mirror for charged particles. If the incident angle of the particle trajectory with the crystal plane is less than the critical angle for channeling, under-barrier particles undergo half an oscillation and exit the crystal with the reversal of their transverse momentum, i.e., the particles are “mirrored” by the crystal planes. Unlike the traditional scheme relying on millimeter-long curved crystals, particle mirroring enables beam steering in high-energy accelerators via interactions with micrometer-thin straight crystal. The main advantage of mirroring is the interaction with a minimal amount of material along the beam, thereby decreasing unwanted incoherent nuclear interactions. The effectiveness of the mirror effect for ultrarelativistic positive particles has been experimentally proven at external lines of CERN-SPS. The mirroring effect in a 26.5-μm-thick Si crystal has been studied in the experiment with a narrow beam of 400 GeV/c protons at the CERN-SPS. The reflection efficiency for a quasi-parallel beam is larger than 80%
The self-gravitational corrections as the source for stiff matter on the brane in SAdS5 bulk

AbstractA D3-brane with non-zero energy density is considered as the boundary of a five-dimensional Schwarzschild–anti-de Sitter bulk background. Taking into account the semi-classical corrections to the black hole entropy that arise as a result of the self-gravitational effect, and employing the AdS/CFT correspondence, we obtain the self-gravitational correction to the first Friedmann-like equation. The additional term in the Hubble equation due to the self-gravitational effect goes as a−6. Thus, the self-gravitational corrections act as a source of stiff matter contrary to standard FRW cosmology where the charge of the black hole plays this role
Synthesis of C-rich dust in CO nova outbursts

Context. Classical novae are thermonuclear explosions that take place in the envelopes of accreting white dwarfs in stellar binary systems. The material transferred onto the white dwarf piles up under degenerate conditions, driving a thermonuclear runaway. In these outbursts, about 10-7-10-3 M¿, enriched in CNO and sometimes other intermediate-mass elements (e.g., Ne, Na, Mg, or Al for ONe novae) are ejected into the interstellar medium. The large concentrations of metals spectroscopically inferred in the nova ejecta reveal that the solar-like material transferred from the secondary mixes with the outermost layers of the underlying white dwarf.\ud
Aims. Most theoretical models of nova outbursts reported to date yield, on average, outflows characterized by O > C, from which, in principle, only oxidized condensates (e.g., O-rich grains) would be expected.\ud
Methods. To specifically address whether CO novae can actually produce C-rich dust, six different hydrodynamic nova models have been evolved, from accretion to the expansion and ejection stages, with different choices for the composition of the substrate with which the solar-like accreted material mixes. Updated chemical profiles inside the H-exhausted core have been used, based on stellar evolution calculations for a progenitor of 8 M¿ through H- and He-burning phases.\ud
Results. We show that these profiles lead to C-rich ejecta after the nova outburst. This extends the possible contribution of novae to the inventory of presolar grains identified in meteorites, particularly in a number of carbonaceous phases (i.e., nanodiamonds, silicon carbides, and graphites).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Characterization of plasma thiol redox potential in a common marmoset model of aging

AbstractDue to its short lifespan, ease of use and age-related pathologies that mirror those observed in humans, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is poised to become a standard nonhuman primate model of aging. Blood and extracellular fluid possess two major thiol-dependent redox nodes involving cysteine (Cys), cystine (CySS), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Alteration in these plasma redox nodes significantly affects cellular physiology, and oxidation of the plasma Cys/CySS redox potential (EhCySS) is associated with aging and disease risk in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related changes in plasma redox metabolites and corresponding redox potentials (Eh) to further validate the marmoset as a nonhuman primate model of aging. We measured plasma thiol redox states in marmosets and used existing human data with multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) to model the relationships between age and redox metabolites. A classification accuracy of 70.2% and an AUC of 0.703 were achieved using the MARS model built from the marmoset redox data to classify the human samples as young or old. These results show that common marmosets provide a useful model for thiol redox biology of aging
Transverse spin asymmetries for W-production in proton–proton collisions

AbstractWe study parity-even and parity-odd polarization observables for the process pp→l±X, where the lepton comes from the decay of a W-boson. By using the collinear twist-3 factorization approach, we consider the case when one proton is transversely polarized, while the other is either unpolarized or longitudinally polarized. These observables give access to two particular quark–gluon–quark correlation functions, which have a direct relation to transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We present numerical estimates for RHIC kinematics. Measuring, for instance, the parity-even transverse single spin correlation would provide a crucial test of our current understanding of single spin asymmetries in the framework of QCD
The presence of a high-Km hexokinase activity in dog, but not in boar, sperm

AbstractThe presence of a high-Km hexokinase activity was tested in both dog and boar spermatozoa. Hexokinase kinetics from dog extracts showed the presence of a specific activity (dog-sperm glucokinase-like protein, DSGLP), in the range of glucose concentrations of 4–10 mM, whereas boar sperm did not show any DSGLP activity. Furthermore, dog-sperm cells, but not those of boar, showed the presence of a protein which specifically reacted against a rat-liver anti-glucokinase antibody. This protein also had a molecular weight equal to that observed in rat-liver extracts, suggesting a close similarity between both the proteins. This glucokinase-like protein was distributed in the peri- and post-acrosomal zones of the head, and the midpiece and principal piece of tail of dog spermatozoa. These results indicate that dog spermatozoa have functional high-Km hexokinase activity, which could contribute to a very fine regulation of their hexose metabolism. This strict regulation could ultimately be very important in optimizing dog-sperm function along its life-time
A membrane-associated movement protein of Pelargonium flower break virus shows RNA-binding activity and contains a biologically relevant leucine zipper-like motif

AbstractTwo small viral proteins (DGBp1 and DGBp2) have been proposed to act in a concerted manner to aid intra- and intercellular trafficking of carmoviruses though the distribution of functions and mode of action of each protein partner are not yet clear. Here we have confirmed the requirement of the DGBps of Pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), p7 and p12, for pathogen movement. Studies focused on p12 have shown that it associates to cellular membranes, which is in accordance to its hydrophobic profile and to that reported for several homologs. However, peculiarities that distinguish p12 from other DGBps2 have been found. Firstly, it contains a leucine zipper-like motif which is essential for virus infectivity in plants. Secondly, it has an unusually long and basic N-terminal region that confers RNA binding activity. The results suggest that PFBV p12 may differ mechanistically from related proteins and possible roles of PFBV DGBps are discussed