pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An EMG study of the lip muscles during covert auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia

International audiencePurpose: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are speech perceptions in the absence of a external stimulation. An influential theoretical account of AVHs in schizophrenia claims that a deficit in inner speech monitoring would cause the verbal thoughts of the patient to be perceived as external voices. The account is based on a predictive control model, in which verbal self-monitoring is implemented. The aim of this study was to examine lip muscle activity during AVHs in schizophrenia patients, in order to check whether inner speech occurred. Methods: Lip muscle activity was recorded during covert AVHs (without articulation) and rest. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used on eleven schizophrenia patients. Results: Our results show an increase in EMG activity in the orbicularis oris inferior muscle, during covert AVHs relative to rest. This increase is not due to general muscular tension since there was no increase of muscular activity in the forearm muscle. Conclusion: This evidence that AVHs might be self-generated inner speech is discussed in the framework of a predictive control model. Further work is needed to better describe how the inner speech monitoring dysfunction occurs and how inner speech is controlled and monitored. This will help better understanding how AVHs occur
Guaranteeing the quality of multidimensional analysis in data warehouses of simulation results: application to pesticide transfer data produced by the MACRO Model

International audienceCurrently, the vital impact of environmental pollution on economic, social and health dimensions has been recognized. The need for theoretical and implementation frameworks for the acquisition, modeling and analysis of environmental data as well as tools to conceive and validate scenarios is becoming increasingly important. For these reasons, different environmental simulation models have been developed. Researchers and stakeholders need efficient tools to store, display, compare and analyze data that are produced by simulation models. One common way to manage simulation results is to use text files; however, text files make it difficult to explore the data. Spreadsheet tools (e.g., OpenOffice, MS Excel) can help to display and analyze model results, but they are not suitable for very large volumes of information. Recently, some studies have shown the feasibility of using Data Warehouse (DW) and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) technologies to store model results and to facilitate model visualization, analysis and comparisons. These technologies allow model users to easily produce graphical reports and charts. In this paper, we address the analysis of pesticide transfer simulation results by warehousing and OLAPing data, for which the data results from the MACRO simulation model. This model simulates hydrological transfers of pesticides at the plot scale. We demonstrate how the simulation results can be managed using DW technologies. We also demonstrate how the use of integrity constraints can improve OLAP analysis. These constraints are used to maintain the quality of the warehoused data as well as to maintain the aggregations and queries, which will lead to better analysis, conclusions and decisions
Element-specific quantitative determination of the local atomic order in CoPt alloy nanoparticles: Experiment and theory

International audienceAn annealing-driven transition from a chemically disordered A1-like structure to a chemically ordered L10-like phase has been revealed for size-selected CoPt clusters with diameters from 2 to 4 nm, from experiment to theory confrontation. For chemically ordered particles, atypical lattice-parameter ratios c/a are inferred. This ratio is found to be remarkably different depending on the approach used (c/a>1 from x-ray absorption at the Co K edge and c/a≃0.94 from the Pt dominated x-ray diffraction). A first-principles theoretical study accurately explains this astonishing feature and provides a detailed understanding of the element-specific local relaxations, which are crucial in these nanoalloys
Resistance of a sub-arctic bird community to severe forest damage caused by geometrid moth outbreaks

Outbreaks by geometrid moths periodically cause mass mortality of trees and state changes in understorey vegetation in sub-arctic mountain birch forest in northern Scandinavia. In order to assess the short-term impacts of such disturbance on forest bird communities, we took bird censuses in forest where almost all birch trees had been killed by moth outbreaks 2–4 years before the study and in undamaged forest. The study was repeated in two locations (Kirkenes and Tana) with contrasting forest structure and fragmentation. Using a hierarchical community model, we show that the total abundance of birds in Kirkenes was only about 25 % lower in damaged than undamaged forest and that species richness differed even less between the two forest types. Meanwhile, neither bird abundance nor species richness differed between damaged and undamaged forest in Tana. The observed patterns in abundance were mainly driven by a few very common species. Only a single species showed indication of being more abundant in damaged forest. Thus, our findings indicate that bird communities in sub-arctic mountain birch forest have a high degree of resistance to forest damage caused by moth outbreaks. We suggest that bird populations in outbreak-affected forest may be maintained by surviving trees and by standing dead tree trunks, which help maintain the vertical structure of the forest habitat. The fact that many of the studied bird species are habitat generalists may also explain their apparently weak responses to the damage caused by the outbreak. Our results do not point towards forest damage caused by moth outbreaks as a major driver of change in bird communities in the study system, although more long-term research is needed to substantiate this conclusion
A Novel and Efficient Hybrid Optimization Approach for Wind Farm Micro-siting

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generate increasing amount of energy out o\ud
f wind fa\ud
rms. In order to meet targets, many wind farms are \ud
operated with a layout of numerous turbines placed close to each other in a limited area leading to greater \ud
energy losses due to ‘wake effects’ instead of generating more power. To solve the probl\ud
em in the most \ud
optimal  way,  these  turbines  need  to  satisfy  many  other  constraints  such  as  topological  constraints, \ud
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turbine placement problem typically a\ud
ssume knowledge about the total number of turbines to be placed in \ud
the  farm,  which  might  be  unrealistic.  This  study  proposes  a  novel  hybrid  optimization  methodology,  a \ud
combination  of  evolutionary  and  clas\ud
sical  optimization  approaches\ud
,  to  simultaneously  det\ud
ermine  the \ud
optimum number of turbines to be placed in a wind farm along with their optimal locations. Application \ud
of  the  proposed  method  on  a  representative  case  study  yields  43%  higher  Annual  Energy  Production \ud
(AEP) than the results found by one of the ex\ud
isting methods
Numerical calculation of particle collection efficiency in an electrostatic precipitator

The present numerical study involves the finding of the collection efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) using a finite volume (ANUPRAVAHA) solver for the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations, along with the Poisson’s equation for electric potential and current continuity. The particle movement is simulated using a Lagrangian approach to predict the trajectory of single particles in a fluid as the result of various forces acting on the particle. The ESP model consists of three wires and three collecting plates of combined length of L placed one after another. The calculations are carried out for a wire-to-plate spacing H= 0.175 m, length of ESP L= 2.210 m and wire-to-wire spacing of 0.725 m with radius of wire R wire= 10 mm and inlet air-particle velocity of 1.2 m/s. Different electrical potentials (φ= 15–30 kV) are applied to the three discharge electrodes wires. It is seen that the particle collection efficiency of the ESP increases with increasing particle diameter, electrical potential and plate length for a given inlet velocity
Effect of high-temperature heat treatment duration on the purity and microstructure of MWCNTs

The effect of high-temperature heat treatment on purity and structural changes of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied by subjecting the raw MWCNTs (pristine MWCNTs) to 2600∘C for 60 and 120 min. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the effect of heat-treatment duration on the purity and structural changes of MWCNTs. Results show that high-temperature heat treatment can be used to purify MWCNTs with proper optimization of treatment time. It was observed that 60 min heat treatment of raw MWCNTs imparts high purity and structural perfection to MWCNTs, while 120 min heat treatment imparts structural degradation to MWCNTs with collapse of the innermost shells. The present study indicates that metal impurities act as moderators in controlling the degradation of MWCNTs up to certain duration, and once the metal impurities escape completely, further heat treatment degrades the structure of MWCNTs
Multiband orange-red photoluminescence of Eu3+ ions in new "114" LnBaZn(3)GaO(7) and LnBaZn(3)AlO(7) oxides

A new series of gallozincates LnBaZn(3)GaO(7) (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Y) and new aluminozincates LnBaZn(3)AlO(7) (Ln=Y, Eu, Dy) have been synthesized. Their structure refinements show that these phases belong to the "114" series, with hexagonal P6(3)mc space group previously described for SmBaZn3AlO7. The photoluminescence study of these oxides shows that the Eu3+ activated LnBaZn(3)MO(7) oxides with Ln=Y, La, Gd; and M=Al, Ga exhibit strong magnetic and electric dipole transitions (multiband emission) which is of interest for white light production. These results also confirm that the site occupied by Eu3+ is not strictly centrosymmetric. The electric dipole transition intensity is the highest in GdBaZn3MO7 [M=Al, Ga]: 0.05 Eu3+ as compared with other Eu3+ activated compositions. This is due to the layer distortion around GdO6 octahedra when compared with YO6 and LaO6 octahedra
The dynamic random subgraph model for the clustering of evolving networks

International audienceIn recent years, many clustering methods have been proposed to extract information from networks. The principle is to look for groups of vertices with homogenous connection profiles. Most of these techniques are suitable for static networks, that is to say, not taking into account the temporal dimension. This work is motivated by the need of analyzing evolving networks where a decomposition of the networks into subgraphs is given. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the random subgraph model (RSM) which was proposed recently to model networks through latent clusters built within known partitions. Using a state space model to characterize the cluster proportions, RSM is then extended in order to deal with dynamic networks. We call the latter the dynamic random subgraph model (dRSM). A variational expectation maximization (VEM) algorithm is proposed to perform inference. We show that the variational approximations lead to an update step which involves a new state space model from which the parameters along with the hidden states can be estimated using the standard Kalman filter and Rauch-Tung-Striebel (RTS) smoother. Simulated data sets are considered to assess the proposed methodology. Finally, dRSM along with the corresponding VEM algorithm are applied to an original maritime network built from printed Lloyd's voyage records
Patient/family views on data sharing in rare diseases: study in the European LeukoTreat project.
 : 
Survey assessing data sharing in leukodystrophies

International audienceThe purpose of this study was to explore patient and family views on the sharing of their medical data in the context of compiling a European leukodystrophies database. A survey questionnaire was delivered with help from referral centers and the European Leukodystrophies Association, and the questionnaires returned were both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. This study found that patients/families were strongly in favor of participating. Patients/families hold great hope and trust in the development of this type of research. They have a strong need for information and transparency on database governance, the conditions framing access to data, all research conducted, partnerships with the pharmaceutical industry, and they also need access to results. Our findings bring ethics-driven arguments for a process combining initial broad consent with ongoing information. On both, we propose key item-deliverables to database participants
Long-term effectiveness and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in Schnitzler's syndrome: A French multicenter study.

Conflicts of interest: DL received a grant from Sobi (< 10,000 USD). EH received lecture fees from Sobi (< 10,000 USD). The other authors have no conflict of interest to disclose. Ethics approval: According to French legislation regarding retrospective observational studies using anonymous data, Ethics Committee approval was not required, which was confirmed by the chair of our Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki's guidelines for research in humans.International audienceThe aim of this study is to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of IL1Ra in Schnitzler syndrome (SchS). Between 2010 and 2012, we performed a nationwide survey among French internal medicine departments to identify SchS patients. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term efficacy and safety of IL1Ra and the outcome of patients that did not receive this treatment. Forty-two patients were included in the study, 29 of whom received IL1Ra. The mean age at disease onset was 59.9years. Disease manifestations included urticaria (100%), fever (76%), bone/joint pain (86%), bone lesions (76%), anemia (67%), and weight loss (60%). The monoclonal gammopathy was overwhelmingly IgM kappa (83%). The mean follow-up was 9.5years (range: 1.6-35). Two patients developed Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and one developed AA amyloidosis. All of the 29 patients who received IL1Ra responded dramatically. After a median follow-up of 36months (range: 2-79), the effectiveness remained unchanged. All patients remained on anti-IL-1 therapy. Twenty-four patients (83%) went into complete remission and five (17%) into partial remission. Three patients experienced grade 3-4 neutropenia. Six patients developed severe infections. No lymphoproliferative diseases occurred while on IL1Ra. When last seen, all patients without anakinra had an active disease with variable impact on their quality of life. Their median corticosteroids dosage was 6mg/d (range: 5-25). IL1Ra is effective in SchS, with a sharp corticosteroid-sparing effect. Treatment failures should lead to reconsider the diagnosis. Long-term follow-up revealed no loss of effectiveness and a favorable tolerance profile. The long-term effects on the risk of hemopathy remain unknown
Population Dynamics of Globally Coupled Degrade-and-Fire Oscillators

This paper reports the analysis of the dynamics of a model of pulse-coupled oscillators with global inhibitory coupling. The model is inspired by experiments on colonies of bacteria-embedded synthetic genetic circuits. The total population can be either of finite (arbitrary) size or infinite, and is represented by a one-dimensional profile. Profiles can be discontinuous, possibly with infinitely many jumps. Their time evolution is governed by a singular differential equation. We address the corresponding initial value problem and characterize the dynamics' main features. In particular, we prove that trajectory behaviors are asymptotically periodic, with period only depending on the profile (and on the model parameters). A criterion is obtained for the existence of the corresponding periodic orbits, which implies the existence of a sharp transition as the coupling parameter is increased. The transition separates a regime where any profile can be obtained in the limit of large times, to a situation where only trajectories with sufficiently large groups of synchronized oscillators perdure
A Shooting Algorithm for Optimal Control Problems with Singular Arcs

International audienceIn this article we propose a shooting algorithm for a class of optimal control problems for which all control variables appear linearly. The shooting system has, in the general case, more equations than unknowns and the Gauss-Newton method is used to compute a zero of the shooting function. This shooting algorithm is locally quadratically convergent if the derivative of the shooting function is one-to-one at the solution. The main result of this paper is to show that the latter holds whenever a sufficient condition for weak optimality is satisfied. We note that this condition is very close to a second order necessary condition. For the case when the shooting system can be reduced to one having the same number of unknowns and equations (square system) we prove that the mentioned sufficient condition guarantees the stability of the optimal solution under small perturbations and the invertibility of the Jacobian matrix of the shooting function associated to the perturbed problem. We present numerical tests that validate our method.Dans ce travail on présente une condition suffisante pour que l'algorithme de tir soit localement convergent quand il est appliqué aux problèmes de commande optimale affines dans les commandes. On commence par étudier le cas avec des contraintes initiales-finales sur l'état et commande libre, et en suite on ajoute des contraintes sur la commande. L'algorithme de tir est localement quadratiquement convergent si la dérivée de la fonction de tir associée est injective dans la solution optimale. Le résultat principal de cet article montre une condition suffisante pour cette injectivité, qui est très proche de la condition nécessaire du second ordre. On montre que cette condition suffisante assure la stabilité de la solution optimale aux petites perturbations et qu'elle garantit aussi que l'algorithme de tir est convergent pour le problème perturbé. On présente des essais numériques qui valident notre méthode
The evolution of a rural territory at plot scale: Between hyper-fragmentation and land grabbing (irrigation perimeter PC15 – Marianina Valley, Alaotra-Mangoro, Madagascar)

International audienceThe 'territory' concept is addressed at a scale rarely envisaged—that of the plot —through the study of a large rice irrigation perimeter in the heart of the Lake Alaotra region in Madagascar. The methodology fol-lowed in this study relies on the processing of landholding inventories. These inventories are remarquable, first for their quality, as they are at the same time quantitative and mapped (GIS-based inventories). They also allow long-term trend analyses inasmuch as they take place for a long period of time, from 1970 to 2012. Results of this study consist in two different conclusions: first, an obvious trend for the fragmen-tation (division) of plots and the decrease in the size of holdings is identified, though this fragmentation is not equal everywhere. These results confirm the general trend observed in lake Alaotra region and in Madagascar regarding land pressure and fragmentation due to demographic and other socio-cultural fac-tors. Second, fragmentation dynamics hides other less perceptible landholding phenomena. Specifically, it masks land grabbing by new and enterprising rice growers who increase their holdings by profiting from the problems experienced by the smallest farm owners whose fragmented land is no longer viable
The impact of randomness on the distribution of wealth: Some economic aspects of the Wright-Fisher diffusion process

International audienceIn this paper we consider some elementary and fair zero-sum games of chance to study the impactof random effects on the wealth distribution of N interacting players. Even if an exhaustive analyticalstudy of such games between many players may be tricky, numerical experiments highlightinteresting asymptotic properties. From a mathematical perspective, we interestingly recoverfor small and high-frequency transactions some diffusion limits extensively used in populationgenetics. Finally, the impact of small tax rates on the preceding dynamics is discussed for severalregulation mechanisms
Building SSPs for climate policy analysis: a scenario elicitation methodology to map the space of possible future challenges to mitigation and adaptation

International audienceThe scientific community is now developing a new set of scenarios, referred to as Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) that will be contrasted along two axes: challenges to mitigation, and challenges to adaptation. This paper proposes a methodology to develop SSPs with a "backwards" approach based on (i) an a priori identification of potential drivers of mitigation and adaptation challenges; (ii) a modelling exercise to transform these drivers into a large set of scenarios; (iii) an a posteriori selection of a few SSPs among these scenarios using statistical cluster-finding algorithms. This backwards approach could help inform the development of SSPs to ensure the storylines focus on the driving forces most relevant to distinguishing between the SSPs. In this illustrative analysis, we find that energy sobriety, equity and convergence prove most important towards explaining future difference in challenges to adaptation and mitigation. The results also demonstrate the difficulty in finding explanatory drivers for a middle scenario (SSP2). We argue that methodologies such as that used here are useful for broad questions such as the definition of SSPs, and could also be applied to any specific decisions faced by decision-makers in the field of climate change
Restoration of hyperspectral astronomical data with spectrally varying blur

International audienceIn this paper we present a method for hyper-spectral image restoration for integral field spectrographs (IFS) data. We specifically address two topics: (i) the design of a fast approximation of spectrally varying operators and (ii) the comparison between two kind of regularization functions: quadratic and spatial sparsity functions. We illustrate this method with simulations coming from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) instrument. It shows the clear increase of the spatial resolution provided by our method as well as its denoising capability