pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Financial vs human resources in the Greek-Turkish arms race 10 years on

This paper looks into the Greek – Turkish arms race a decade after an earlier contribution on the issue that relied heavily on Artificial Neural Networks. The time period between the two papers contributes to the reliability of the results derived, not just by increasing the number of observations, but mainly by incorporating the progress made in the realm of Artificial Intelligence. The focus on the case of both counties unlike the paper mentioned above which dealt with just the Greek side provides ample room for comparative purposes regarding the determinants of defence spending on both sides.  The results derived in terms of input significance estimation support the findings of earlier research as indicated above, pointing to the leading role of the demographic preponderance of Turkey over Greece. The paper also points to the fact that ten years later, Turkey continues to set the arms race rules against its rival by determining the defence expenditure of Greece while the role of the latter in affecting the military spending of Turkey is non-existent.
Discrete choice models with multiplicative error terms

The conditional indirect utility of many random utility maximization (RUM) discrete
choice models is specified as a sum of an index V depending on observables and an independent
random term e. In general, the universe of RUM consistent models is much larger,
even fixing some specification of V due to theoretical and practical considerations. In this
paper, we explore an alternative RUM model where the summation of V and e is replaced
by multiplication. This is consistent with the notion that choice makers may sometimes
evaluate relative differences in V between alternatives rather than absolute differences.
We develop some properties of this type of model and show that in several cases the
change from an additive to a multiplicative formulation, maintaining a specification of V,
may lead to a large improvement in fit, sometimes larger than that gained from introducing
random coefficients in V.
A symbolic semantics for a clculus for service-oriented computing

We introduce a symbolic characterisation of the operational semantics of COWS, a formal language for specifying and combining service-oriented applications, while modelling their dynamic behaviour. This alternative semantics avoids infinite representations of COWS terms due to the value-passing nature of communication in COWS and is more amenable for automatic manipulation by analytical tools, such as e.g. equivalence and model checkers. We illustrate our approach through a ‘translation service’ scenario
Tumour necrosis factor α inhibitor therapy in chronic physical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect on depression and anxiety

Depression is more common among individuals with chronic physical illness than in the
general population. New treatments for severe and chronic inflammatory conditions which
inhibit tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, may be able to
shed some light on the role of inflammatory mediators in depression. This systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials determined the effects of TNFα inhibitor
therapy on depression and anxiety in people with chronic physical illness.This systematic review was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula at the Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust
Searches for W' bosons decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

Searches are presented for heavy gauge bosons decaying into a top and a bottom quark in data collected by the CMS experiment at root s = 13TeV that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 and 2.6 fb 1 in the leptonic and hadronic analyses, respectively. Two final states are analyzed, one containing a single electron, or muon, and missing transverse momentum, and the other containing multiple jets and no electrons or muons. No evidence is found for a right-handed W' boson (W'(R)) and the combined analyses exclude at 95% confidence level W'(R) with masses below 2.4TeV if M-W'R >> M-vR (mass of the right-handed neutrino), and below 2.6TeV if M-W'R < M-vR. The results provide the most stringent limits for right-handed W' bosons in the top and bottom quark decay channel
Conceptualizing ecosystem tipping points within a physiological framework

Connecting the nonlinear and often counterintuitive physiological effects of multiple environmental drivers to the emergent impacts on ecosystems is a fundamental challenge. Unfortunately, the disconnect between the way â\u80\u9cstressorsâ\u80\u9d (e.g., warming) is considered in organismal (physiological) and ecological (community) contexts continues to hamper progress. Environmental drivers typically elicit biphasic physiological responses, where performance declines at levels above and below some optimum. It is also well understood that species exhibit highly variable response surfaces to these changes so that the optimum level of any environmental driver can vary among interacting species. Thus, species interactions are unlikely to go unaltered under environmental change. However, while these nonlinear, species-specific physiological relationships between environment and performance appear to be general, rarely are they incorporated into predictions of ecological tipping points. Instead, most ecosystem-level studies focus on varying levels of â\u80\u9cstressâ\u80\u9d and frequently assume that any deviation from â\u80\u9cnormalâ\u80\u9d environmental conditions has similar effects, albeit with different magnitudes, on all of the species within a community. We consider a framework that realigns the positive and negative physiological effects of changes in climatic and nonclimatic drivers with indirect ecological responses. Using a series of simple models based on direct physiological responses to temperature and ocean pCO2, we explore how variation in environment-performance relationships among primary producers and consumers translates into community-level effects via trophic interactions. These models show that even in the absence of direct mortality, mismatched responses resulting from often subtle changes in the physical environment can lead to substantial ecosystem-level change
4-Coloring H-free graphs when H is small.

The kk-Coloring problem is to test whether a graph can be colored with at most kk colors such that no two adjacent vertices receive the same color. If a graph GG does not contain a graph HH as an induced subgraph, then GG is called HH-free. For any fixed graph HH on at most six vertices, it is known that 33-Coloring is polynomial-time solvable on HH-free graphs whenever HH is a linear forest, and NP-complete otherwise. By solving the missing case P2+P3P2+P3, we prove the same result for 44-Coloring provided that HH is a fixed graph on at most five vertices
Functional architecture of olfactory ionotropic glutamate receptors.

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate chemical communication between neurons at synapses. A variant iGluR subfamily, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), was recently proposed to detect environmental volatile chemicals in olfactory cilia. Here, we elucidate how these peripheral chemosensors have evolved mechanistically from their iGluR ancestors. Using a Drosophila model, we demonstrate that IRs act in combinations of up to three subunits, comprising individual odor-specific receptors and one or two broadly expressed coreceptors. Heteromeric IR complex formation is necessary and sufficient for trafficking to cilia and mediating odor-evoked electrophysiological responses in vivo and in vitro. IRs display heterogeneous ion conduction specificities related to their variable pore sequences, and divergent ligand-binding domains function in odor recognition and cilia localization. Our results provide insights into the conserved and distinct architecture of these olfactory and synaptic ion channels and offer perspectives into the use of IRs as genetically encoded chemical sensors. VIDEO ABSTRACT
Measuring the approximate number system in children:Exploring the relationships among different tasks

Research has demonstrated that children and adults have an Approximate Number System (ANS) which allows individuals to represent and manipulate the representations of the approximate number of items within a set. It has been suggested that individual differences in the precision of the ANS are related to individual differences in mathematics achievement. One difficulty with understanding the role of the ANS, however, is a lack of consistency across studies in tasks used to measure ANS performance. Researchers have used symbolic or nonsymbolic comparison and addition tasks with varying types and sizes of stimuli. Recent studies with adult participants have shown that performance on different ANS tasks is unrelated. Across two studies we demonstrate that, in contrast to adults, children's performance across different ANS tasks, such as symbolic and nonsymbolic comparison or approximate addition, is related. These findings suggest that there are differences across development in the extent to which performance on nonsymbolic and symbolic tasks reflects ANS precision
Adapting BRSQ to assess coach's perception of athletes' motivation : Internal structure analysis

This study was aimed to adapt the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire to assess coach's perception of athletes’ motivation in a sample of 153 Spanish coaches of both genders. This questionnaire is made up of 24 items that measure the behavioral regulation factors expected by the self-determination theory developed by Deci and Ryan. Results showed that a model of four factors provided the best fit to the data in the confirmatory factor analysis. The factors were: (1) intrinsic regulation, (2) integrated regulation, (3) identified regulation, (4) controlled regulation. Three out of four subscales have acceptable internal consistency coefficients. The accumulation of evidence leads to the conclusion that this version of BRSQ shows an internal structure according to the theoretical predictions, and the autonomous regulation factors show discriminant validity whereas the controlled regulations form a single factor
Retrospective  search of dengue vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus in area visited by a German traveler that has contracted dengue Disease.

A German traveler developed dengue fever in late August 2013, following a direct flight from Germany. Autochthonous dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been reported in Japan. To evaluate the risk of autochthonous DENV transmission in Japan, the authors performed a retrospective search of the five areas visited by the German patient to determine the population density of dengue vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The annual mean temperature of each area was higher than 12 °C, which is considered suitable for the establishment of A. albopictus populations. Our retrospective search revealed the population density of A. albopictus to be high in the urban areas of Japan
Rolle’s Theorem and Negligibility of Points in Infinite Dimensional Banach Spaces

In this note we prove that if a differentiable function oscillates between y« and « on the boundary of the unit ball then there exists a point in the interior of the ball in which the differential of the function has norm equal or less than« . This kind of approximate Rolle’s theorem is interesting because an exact Rolle’s theorem does not hold in many infinite dimensional Banach spaces. A characterization of those spaces in which Rolle’s theorem does not hold is given within a large class of Banach spaces. This question is closely related to the existence of C1 diffeomorphisms between a Banach space X and X _ _04 which are the identity out of a ball, and we prove that such diffeomorphisms exist for every C1 smooth Banach space which can be linearly injected into a Banach space whose dual norm is locally uniformly rotund (LUR)
Vulnerability and policy relevance to drought in the semi-arid tropics of Asia A retrospective analysis

Of all the natural hazards, drought affects maximum number of people globally causing devastating impacts. It is a reality that drought results in sets of socio-economic impacts start with crop-yield failure, unemployment, erosion of assets, income decrease, poor nutrition and decreasing risk absorptive capacity thereby increasing the vulnerability of the community. This paper briefs the existing approaches that focus on vulnerability and impact assessment aid to characterize and identify regions, sectors and communities which are at drought risk currently and in the future. It also discusses the limitation, constraints and pre-requisites in these approaches and highlights the importance of micro level information to have a more realistic understanding of impact and vulnerability through illustration and with reference to the recent study conducted by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). This exercise will provide a guiding framework for devising action plans in improving adaptive capacity among the vulnerable population
Weak KAM aspects of convex Hamilton-Jacobi equations with Neumann type
  boundary conditions

We establish the stability under the formations of infimum and of convex
combinations of subsolutions of convex Hamilton-Jacobi equations, some
comparison and existence results for convex and coercive Hamilton-Jacobi
equations with the Neumann type boundary condition as well as existence results
for the Skorokhod problem. We define the Aubry-Mather set associated with the
Neumann type boundary problem and establish some properties of the Aubry-Mather
set including the existence results for the ``calibrated'' extremals for the
corresponding action functional (or variational problem).Comment: 39 pages, 1 figur
Outlying HII Regions in HI-Selected Galaxies

We present results from the first systematic search for outlying HII regions,
as part of a sample of 96 emission-line point sources (referred to as ELdots -
emission-line dots) derived from the NOAO Survey for Ionization in Neutral Gas
Galaxies (SINGG). Our automated ELdot-finder searches SINGG narrow-band and
continuum images for high equivalent width point sources outside the optical
radius of the target galaxy (> 2 X r25 in the R-band). Follow-up longslit
spectroscopy and deep GALEX images (exposure time > 1000 s) distinguish
outlying HII regions from background galaxies whose strong emission lines
([OIII], Hbeta or [OII]) have been redshifted into the SINGG bandpass. We find
that these deep GALEX images can serve as a substitute for spectroscopic
follow-up because outlying HII regions separate cleanly from background
galaxies in color-color space. We identify seven SINGG systems with outlying
massive star formation that span a large range in Halpha luminosities
corresponding to a few O stars in the most nearby cases, and unresolved dwarf
satellite companion galaxies in the most distant cases. Six of these seven
systems feature galaxies with nearby companions or interacting galaxies.
Furthermore, our results indicate that some outlying HII regions are linked to
the extended-UV disks discovered by GALEX, representing emission from the most
massive O stars among a more abundant population of lower mass (or older) star
clusters. The overall frequency of outlying HII regions in this sample of
gas-rich galaxies is 8 - 11% when we correct for background emission-line
galaxy contamination (~75% of ELdots).Comment: 20 pages, 14 Figures, Accepted by A
The Case for Axion Dark Matter

Dark matter axions form a rethermalizing Bose-Einstein condensate. This
provides an opportunity to distinguish axions from other forms of dark matter
on observational grounds. I show that if the dark matter is axions, tidal
torque theory predicts a specific structure for the phase space distribution of
the halos of isolated disk galaxies, such as the Milky Way. This phase space
structure is precisely that of the caustic ring model, for which observational
support had been found earlier. The other dark matter candidates predict a
different phase space structure for galactic halos.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
The central region of spiral galaxies as seen by Herschel. M81, M99 and
  M100

With appropriate spatial resolution, images of spiral galaxies in thermal
infrared (~10 micron and beyond) often reveal a bright central component,
distinct from the stellar bulge, superimposed on a disk with prominent spiral
arms. ISO and Spitzer studies have shown that much of the scatter in the
mid-infrared colors of spiral galaxies is related to changes in the relative
importance of these two components, rather than to other modifications, such as
the morphological type or star formation rate, that affect the properties of
the galaxy as a whole. With the Herschel imaging capability from 70 to 500
micron, we revisit this two-component approach at longer wavelengths, to see if
it still provides a working description of the brightness distribution of
galaxies, and to determine its implications on the interpretation of global
far-infrared properties of galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for the A&A Herschel Special Issu
MHV Diagrams in Momentum Twistor Space

We show that there are remarkable simplifications when the MHV diagram
formalism for N=4 super Yang-Mills is reformulated in momentum twistor space.
The vertices are replaced by unity while each propagator becomes a dual
superconformal `R-invariant' whose arguments may be read off from the diagram.
The momentum twistor MHV rules generate a formula for the full, all-loop planar
integrand of the super Yang-Mills S-matrix that is manifestly dual
superconformally invariant up to the choice of a reference twistor. We give a
general proof of this reformulation and illustrate its use by computing the
momentum twistor NMHV and NNMHV tree amplitudes and the integrands of the MHV
and NMHV 1-loop and the MHV 2-loop planar amplitudes.Comment: 36 pages, 13 figure
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars. III. The Transition
  from Primordial Disks to Debris Disks

We present 3.6 to 70 {\mu}m Spitzer photometry of 154 weak-line T Tauri stars
(WTTS) in the Chamaeleon, Lupus, Ophiuchus and Taurus star formation regions,
all of which are within 200 pc of the Sun. For a comparative study, we also
include 33 classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) which are located in the same star
forming regions. Spitzer sensitivities allow us to robustly detect the
photosphere in the IRAC bands (3.6 to 8 {\mu}m) and the 24 {\mu}m MIPS band. In
the 70 {\mu}m MIPS band, we are able to detect dust emission brighter than
roughly 40 times the photosphere. These observations represent the most
sensitive WTTS survey in the mid to far infrared to date, and reveal the
frequency of outer disks (r = 3-50 AU) around WTTS. The 70 {\mu}m photometry
for half the c2d WTTS sample (the on-cloud objects), which were not included in
the earlier papers in this series, Padgett et al. (2006) and Cieza et al.
(2007), are presented here for the first time. We find a disk frequency of 19%
for on-cloud WTTS, but just 5% for off- cloud WTTS, similar to the value
reported in the earlier works. WTTS exhibit spectral energy distributions
(SEDs) that are quite diverse, spanning the range from optically thick to
optically thin disks. Most disks become more tenuous than Ldisk/L* = 2 x 10^-3
in 2 Myr, and more tenuous than Ldisk/L* = 5 x 10^-4 in 4 Myr.Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ on
  September 20, 201
Standard Model with the additional $Z_6$ symmetry on the lattice

An additional $Z_6$ symmetry hidden in the fermion and Higgs sectors of the
Standard Model has been found recently\cite{BVZ2003}. A lattice regularization
of the Standard Model was constructed that possesses this symmetry. In
\cite{BVZ2004} we have reported our results on the numerical simulation of the
Electroweak sector of the model. In this paper we report our results on the
numerical simulation of the full ($SU(3)\otimes SU(2) \otimes U(1)$) model. The
phase diagram of the model has been investigated using static quark and lepton
potentials. Various types of monopoles have been constructed. Their densities
appear to be sensitive to the phase transition lines. Differences between the
realizations of the Standard Model which do or do not possess the mentioned
$Z_6$ symmetry, are discussed.Comment: Latex, 14 page
Charm quark-antiquark correlations in photon-proton scattering

Correlation of charm quark - charm antiquark in $\gamma p$ scattering are
calculated in the $k_t$-factorization approach. We apply different unintegrated
gluon distributions (uGDF) used in the literature. The results of our
calculations are compared with very recent experimental results from the FOCUS
collaboration. The CCFM uGDF developed recently by Kwieci\'nski et al. gives a
good description of the data. New observables are suggested for future studies.
Predictions and perspectives for the HERA energies are presented.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
The spectral type of CHS7797 - an intriguing very low mass periodic
  variable in the Orion Nebula Cluster

We present the spectroscopic characterization of the unusual high-amplitude
very low mass pre-main-sequence periodic variable CHS7797. This study is based
on optical medium-resolution (R=2200) spectroscopy in the 6450-8600 A range,
carried out with GMOS-GEMINI-S in March 2011. Observations of CHS7797 have been
carried out at two distinct phases of the 17.8d period, namely at maximum and
four days before maximum. Four different spectral indices were used for the
spectral classification at these two phases, all of them well-suited for
spectral classification of young and obscured late M dwarfs. In addition, the
gravity-sensitive NaI (8183/8195 A) and KI (7665/7699 A) doublet lines were
used to confirm the young age of CHS7797. From the spectrum obtained at maximum
light we derived a spectral type (SpT) of M6.05, while for the spectrum taken
four days before maximum the derived SpT is M5.75. The derived SpTs confirm
that CHS7797 has a mass in the stellar-substellar boundary mass range. In
addition, the small differences in the derived SpTs at the two observed phases
may provide indirect hints that CHS7797 is a binary system of similar mass
components surrounded by a tilted circumbinary disk, a system similar to KH15D.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication A&
The Fermi motion contribution to J/\psi production at the hadron
  colliders

We investigate the relativistic Fermi motion effect in the case of $J/\psi$
production in various hadron colliders. A light-cone wave function is adopted
to represent the $J/\psi$ final state. The change in the confinement parameter
which sets a scale for the size of the final state, allows one to see the
effect in an explicit manner. While the effect has considerable influence on
the fragmentation probabilities and the differential cross sections, the total
cross sections are essentially left unchanged. such a feature is in agreement
with the momentum sum rule which the fragmentation functions should satisfy.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Lett.