pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
THE NUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPIC TELESCOPE ARRAY (NuSTAR) HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MISSION

The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission, launched on 2012 June 13, is the first focusing high-energy X-ray telescope in orbit. NuSTAR operates in the band from 3 to 79 keV, extending the sensitivity of focusing far beyond the ~10 keV high-energy cutoff achieved by all previous X-ray satellites. The inherently low background associated with concentrating the X-ray light enables NuSTAR to probe the hard X-ray sky with a more than 100-fold improvement in sensitivity over the collimated or coded mask instruments that have operated in this bandpass. Using its unprecedented combination of sensitivity and spatial and spectral resolution, NuSTAR will pursue five primary scientific objectives: (1) probe obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity out to the peak epoch of galaxy assembly in the universe (at z[< over ~]2) by surveying selected regions of the sky; (2) study the population of hard X-ray-emitting compact objects in the Galaxy by mapping the central regions of the Milky Way; (3) study the non-thermal radiation in young supernova remnants, both the hard X-ray continuum and the emission from the radioactive element [superscript 44]Ti; (4) observe blazars contemporaneously with ground-based radio, optical, and TeV telescopes, as well as with Fermi and Swift, to constrain the structure of AGN jets; and (5) observe line and continuum emission from core-collapse supernovae in the Local Group, and from nearby Type Ia events, to constrain explosion models. During its baseline two-year mission, NuSTAR will also undertake a broad program of targeted observations. The observatory consists of two co-aligned grazing-incidence X-ray telescopes pointed at celestial targets by a three-axis stabilized spacecraft. Deployed into a 600 km, near-circular, 6° inclination orbit, the observatory has now completed commissioning, and is performing consistent with pre-launch expectations. NuSTAR is now executing its primary science mission, and with an expected orbit lifetime of 10 yr, we anticipate proposing a guest investigator program, to begin in late 2014.United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Contract NNG08FD06C
Search for extra dimensions using diphoton events in 7 TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Using data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, a search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions has been performed through an analysis of the diphoton final state. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.12 fb[superscript −1] of √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions. The diphoton invariant mass (m[subscript γγ]) spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the expected Standard Model background. In the large extra dimension scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, the results provide 95% CL lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 2.27 and 3.53 TeV, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. The results also set 95% CL lower limits on the lightest Randall–Sundrum graviton mass of between 0.79 and 1.85 TeV, for values of the dimensionless coupling [k over [bar over M subscript Pl]] varying from 0.01 to 0.1. Combining with previously published ATLAS results from the dielectron and dimuon final states, the 95% CL lower limit on the Randall–Sundrum graviton mass for [k over [bar over M subscript Pl]] = 0.01 (0.1) is 0.80 (1.95) TeV.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Measurement of the transverse momentum distribution of [Z over γ*] bosons in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the [Z over γ*] transverse momentum (p[Z over T]) distribution in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented using  [Z over γ*] →e[superscript +]e[superscript −] and  [Z over γ*] →μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] decays collected with the ATLAS detector in data sets with integrated luminosities of 35 pb[superscript −1] and 40 pb[superscript −1], respectively. The normalized differential cross sections are measured separately for electron and muon decay channels as well as for their combination up to p[Z over T] of 350 GeV for invariant dilepton masses 66 GeV<m[subscript ℓℓ]<116 GeV. The measurement is compared to predictions of perturbative QCD and various event generators. The prediction of resummed QCD combined with fixed order perturbative QCD is found to be in good agreement with the data.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National LaboratoryEuropean Organization for Nuclear Researc
Measurements of the electron and muon inclusive cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents measurements of the differential cross-sections for inclusive electron and muon production in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV, using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muon cross-section is measured as a function of pτ in the range 4 < pτ < 100 GeV and within pseudorapidity |η| < 2.5. In addition the electron and muon cross-sections are measured in the range 7 < pτ < 26 GeV and within |η| < 2.0, ex⁻¹ are used for the electron and muon measurements, respectively. After subtraction of the W/Z/γ* contribution, the differential cross-sections are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for heavy-flavour production obtained from Fixed Order NLO calculations with NLL high-pτ resummation, and to be sensitive to the effects of NLL resummation.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M. J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Search for scalar top quark pair production in natural gauge mediated supersymmetry models with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV

The results of a search for pair production of the lighter scalar partners of top quarks (˜t₁) in 2.05 fb⁻¹ of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are reported. Scalar top quarks are searched for in events with two same flavour opposite-sign leptons (e,μ) with invariant mass consistent with the Z boson mass, large missing transverse momentum and jets in the final state. At least one of the jets is identified as originating from a b-quark. No excess over Standard Model expectations is found. The results are interpreted in the framework of R-parity conserving, gauge mediated Supersymmetry breaking ‘natural’ scenarios, where the neutralino ( ˜χ 0 1 ) is the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle. Scalar top quark masses up to 310 GeV are excluded for 115 GeV < m ˜χ 0 1 < 230 GeV at 95% confidence level, reaching an exclusion of m˜t1 < 330 GeV for m ˜χ 0 1 = 190 GeV. Scalar top quark masses below 240 GeV are excluded for all values of m ˜χ 0 1 >mZ .G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M. J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Searches for a heavy scalar boson H decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons hh or for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying to Zh, in the final states with h to tau tau

A search for a heavy scalar boson H decaying into a pair of lighter standard-model-like 125 GeV Higgs bosons h and a search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying into a Z and an h boson are presented. The searches are performed on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns of pp collision data at a centre-of- mass energy of 8 TeV, collected by CMS in 2012. A final state consisting of two tau leptons and two b jets is used to search for the H to hh decay. A final state consisting of two tau leptons from the h boson decay, and two additional leptons from the Z boson decay, is used to search for the decay A to Zh. The results are interpreted in the context of the two-Higgs-doublet models. No excess is found above the standard model expectation and upper limits are set on the heavy boson production cross sections in the mass ranges 260 &lt; m[H] &lt; 350 GeV and 220 &lt; m[A] &lt; 350 GeV
Search for production of vector-like quark pairs and of four top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of vector-like quarks, both up-type (T ) and down-type (B ), as well as for four-top-quark production, is presented. The search is based on pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets. Dedicated analyses are performed targeting three cases: a T  quark with significant branching ratio to a W  boson and a b -quark (TT ¯ →Wb +X), and both a T  quark and a B  quark with significant branching ratio to a Higgs boson and a third-generation quark (TT ¯ →Ht +X and BB ¯ →Hb +X respectively). No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL lower limits are derived on the masses of the vector-like T  and B  quarks under several branching ratio hypotheses assuming contributions from T→Wb , Zt , Ht  and B→Wt , Zb , Hb  decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the T  quark mass range between 715 GeV and 950 GeV for all possible values of the branching ratios into the three decay modes, and are the most stringent constraints to date. Additionally, the most restrictive upper bounds on four-top-quark production are set in a number of new physics scenarios
Accretion from debris disks onto white dwarfs. Fingering (thermohaline) instability and derived accretion rates

Context. Recent observations of a large number of DA and DB white dwarfs show evidence of debris disks, which are the remnants of  old planetary systems. The infrared excess detected with Spitzer and the lines of heavy elements observed in their atmospheres with  high-resolution spectroscopy converge on the idea that planetary material accretes onto these stars. Accretion rates have been derived  by several authors with the assumption of a steady state between accretion and gravitational settling. The results are unrealistically  different for DA and DB white dwarfs.  Aims. When heavy matter is accreted onto stars, it induces an inverse μ-gradient that leads to fingering (thermohaline) convection.  The aim of this letter is to study the impact of this specific process on the derived accretion rates in white dwarfs and on the difference between DA and DB.  Methods. We solve the diffusion equation for the accreted heavy elements with a time-dependent method. The models we use have  been obtained both with the IRAP code, which computes static models, and the La Plata code, which computes evolutionary sequences. Computations with pure gravitational settling are compared with computations that include fingering convection.  Results. The most important result is that fingering convection has very important effects on DAs but is inefficient in DBs. When only  gravitational settling is taken into account, the time-dependent computations lead to a steady state, as postulated by previous authors.  When fingering convection is added, this steady state occurs much later.  Conclusions. The surprising difference found in the past for the accretion rates derived for DA and DB white dwarfs disappears.  The derived accretion rates for DAs are increased when fingering convection is taken into account, whereas those for DBs are not  modified. More precise and developed results will be given in a forthcoming paperFil: Deal, M.. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Deheuvels, S.. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Vauclair, G.. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Vauclair, S.. Université de Toulouse; FranciaFil: Wachlin, Felipe Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de la Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentin
Sub-barrier fusion of two-neutron halo nuclei

AbstractThe tunneling of composite systems, where breakup may occur during the barrier penetration process, is considered in connection with the fusion of halo-like radioactive, neutron- and proton-rich nuclei, on heavy targets. The large amount of recent and new data clearly indicates that breakup hinders the fusion at energies near and below the Coulomb barrier. However, clear evidence for enhancement due to halo properties seems to over ride the breakup hindrance at lower energies, owing, to a large extent, to the extended matter density distribution. In particular we report here that at sub-barrier energies the fusion cross section of the Borromean two-neutron halo nucleus 6He with the actinide nucleus 238U is significantly enhanced as compared to the fusion of a similar projectile with no halo. This conclusion differs from that of the original work, where it was claimed that no such enhancement ensues. This sub-barrier fusion enhancement is also observed in the 6He+209Bi system
Roth’s solvability criteria for the matrix equations AX - XB^ = C and X - AXB^ = C over the skew field of quaternions with aninvolutive automorphism q ¿ qˆ

The matrix equation AX-XB = C has a solution if and only if the matrices   A C 0 B   and   A 0\ud
0 B   are similar. This criterion was proved over a field by W.E. Roth (1952) and over the skew field of quaternions by Huang Liping (1996). H.K. Wimmer (1988) proved that the matrix equation X - AXB = C over a field has a solution if and only if the matrices   A C 0 I   and   I 0 0 B   are simultaneously equivalent to   A 0 0 I   and\ud
  I 0 0 B  . We extend these criteria to the matrix equations AX- ^ XB = C and X - A ^ XB = C over the skew field of quaternions with a fixed involutive automorphism q ¿ ˆq.Postprint (author's final draft
Repurposing—a ray of hope in tackling extensively drug resistance in tuberculosis

SummaryTuberculosis (TB) remains a serious concern more than two decades on from when the World Health Organization declared it a global health emergency. The alarming rise of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of TB, has made it exceedingly difficult to control the disease with the existing portfolio of anti-TB chemotherapy. The development of effective drugs with novel mechanism(s) of action is thus of paramount importance to tackle drug resistance. The development of novel chemical entities requires more than 10 years of research, requiring high-risk investment to become commercially available. Repurposing pre-existing drugs offers a solution to circumvent this mammoth investment in time and funds. In this context, several drugs with known safety and toxicity profiles have been evaluated against the TB pathogen and found to be efficacious against its different physiological states. As the endogenous targets of these drugs in the TB bacillus are most likely to be novel, there is minimal chance of cross-resistance with front-line anti-TB drugs. Also, reports that some of these drugs may potentially have multiple targets means that the possibility of the development of resistance against them is minimal. Thus repurposing existing molecules offers immense promise to tackle extensively drug-resistant TB infections
Telomerase Is Essential for Zebrafish Heart Regeneration

SummaryAfter myocardial infarction in humans, lost cardiomyocytes are replaced by an irreversible fibrotic scar. In contrast, zebrafish hearts efficiently regenerate after injury. Complete regeneration of the zebrafish heart is driven by the strong proliferation response of its cardiomyocytes to injury. Here we show that, after cardiac injury in zebrafish, telomerase becomes hyperactivated, and telomeres elongate transiently, preceding a peak of cardiomyocyte proliferation and full organ recovery. Using a telomerase-mutant zebrafish model, we found that telomerase loss drastically decreases cardiomyocyte proliferation and fibrotic tissue regression after cryoinjury and that cardiac function does not recover. The impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation response is accompanied by the absence of cardiomyocytes with long telomeres and an increased proportion of cardiomyocytes showing DNA damage and senescence characteristics. These findings demonstrate the importance of telomerase function in heart regeneration and highlight the potential of telomerase therapy as a means of stimulating cell proliferation upon myocardial infarction
The Ademollo–Gatto theorem for lattice semileptonic decays

AbstractWe present the results of the calculation of the Kℓ3 semileptonic form factor at zero momentum transfer, f+(0), obtained at one-loop in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory (with either nf=2, or nf=3, and with generic valence and sea quark masses). We show that for nf=2, and at the one-loop level, when the masses of the valence and sea light quarks are equal, the correction is of O[(MK2−Mπ2)3]. The formulae presented here can be useful for the mass extrapolation of the results obtained in lattice simulations to the physical point
More Relational Concurrent Refinement: Traces and Partial Relations

AbstractData refinement in a state-based language such as Z is defined using a relational model in terms of the behaviour of abstract programs. Downward and upward simulation conditions form a sound and jointly complete methodology to verify relational data refinements. On the other hand, refinement in a process algebra takes a number of different forms depending on the exact notion of observation chosen, which can include the events a system is prepared to accept or refuse.In this paper we continue our program of deriving relational simulation conditions for process algebraic refinement by defining further embeddings into our relational model: traces, completed traces, failure traces and extension
Mesoscopic modelling of the interaction of infrared lasers with composite materials: an application to human dental enamel

AbstractThe mesostructure and composition of composite materials determine their mechanical, optical and thermal properties and, consequently, their response to incident radiation. We have developed general finite element models of porous composite materials under infrared radiation to examine the influence of pore size on one of the determining parameters of the stress distribution in the material: the temperature distribution. We apply them to the specific case of human dental enamel, a material which has nanometer scale pores containing water/organic, and predict the maximum temperature reached after a single 0.35μs laser pulse of sub-ablative fluence by two lasers: Er:YAG (2.9μm) and CO2 (10.6μm). For the Er:YAG laser, the results imply a strong dependence of the maximum temperature reached at the pore on the area-to-volume ratio of the pore, whereas there is little such dependence for CO2 lasers. Thus, CO2 lasers may produce more reproducible results than Er:YAG lasers when it comes to enamel ablation, which may be of significant interest during clinical practice.More generally, when ablating composite materials by infrared lasers researchers should account for the material’s microstructure and composition when designing experiments or interpreting results, since a more simplistic continuum approach may not be sufficient to explain differences observed during ablation of materials with similar optical properties or of the same material but using different wavelengths
Measurement of the tt¯ production cross-section using eμ events with b-tagged jets in pp collisions at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis paper describes a measurement of the inclusive top quark pair production cross-section (σtt¯) with a data sample of 3.2fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13TeV, collected in 2015 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. This measurement uses events with an opposite-charge electron–muon pair in the final state. Jets containing b-quarks are tagged using an algorithm based on track impact parameters and reconstructed secondary vertices. The numbers of events with exactly one and exactly two b-tagged jets are counted and used to determine simultaneously σtt¯ and the efficiency to reconstruct and b-tag a jet from a top quark decay, thereby minimising the associated systematic uncertainties. The cross-section is measured to be:σtt¯=818±8(stat)±27(syst)±19(lumi)±12(beam) pb, where the four uncertainties arise from data statistics, experimental and theoretical systematic effects, the integrated luminosity and the LHC beam energy, giving a total relative uncertainty of 4.4%. The result is consistent with theoretical QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order. A fiducial measurement corresponding to the experimental acceptance of the leptons is also presented
A mutation which disrupts the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, causes Crigler-Najjar type IIs

AbstractCrigler-Najjar (CN) disease is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme, bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (B-UGT). We have found two CN type II patients, who were homozygous for a leucine to arginine transition at position 15 of B-UGT1. This mutation is expected to disrupt the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide of B-UGT1. Wild type and mutant B-UGT cDNAs were transfected in COS cells. Mutant and wild type mRNA were formed in equal amounts. The mutant protein was expressed with 0.5% efficiency, as compared to wild type. Mutant and wild type mRNAs were translated in vitro. Wild type transferase is processed by microsomes, no processing of the mutant protein was observed
The Spanish version of the Criminal Sentiment Scale Modified (CSS-M): Factor structure, reliability, and validity

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Criminal Sentiment Scale Modified (CSS-M), which measures the criminal attitudes into Spanish. Despite the large body of research proving their importance as one of the best predictors of criminal conduct, only a few measures have been psychometrically developed and validated, and none of them are available in the Spanish language. A sample of 153 male inmates from Penitentiary Brians I of the Catalan Prison Service (Spain) participated voluntarily in the study (73.9% of Spanish nationality, mean age=37.3) completed the final version of the Spanish adaptation. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted with all the scales simultaneously, showing that the underlying structure of the CSS-M was best explained by a two-factor solution: Sentiments toward the establishment and Criminality self-benefits. Moreover, a set of analyses of variance (ANOVA) was also performed, validating the scale well. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the Spanish version of the CSS-M has satisfactory psychometric properties, enabling its potential usefulness within the legal field of Spanish-speaking countries as a key element in crime prevention