pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Probing the photon polarization in B → K ∗ γ with conversion

We re-examine the possibility to measure the photon polarization in B → K ∗ γ decays, via decays in which the photon subsequently undergoes nuclear conversion to a lepton pair. We obtain compact expressions for the full decay-plus-conversion amplitude. With these results we show that interference between the B → ( K ∗ → K π)γ decay and the γ N → ℓ + ℓ − N conversion permits both the ratio and relative weak phase between the left- and right-handed photon amplitudes to be probed by an angular observable, constructed from the final state dilepton, kaon and pion kinematic configuration. Exploiting this technique will be experimentally challenging. However, we present special kinematic cuts that enhance the statistical power of this technique by an O 1 $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$ factor. We verify this effect and extract pertinent angular kinematic distributions with dedicated numerical simulations
A universal seesaw mechanism in five dimensions

We show the universal seesaw in the extra dimension setup, where three extra vector-like fields exist in the 5D bulk with heavy masses. We take the framework of the left-right symmetric model. The universal seesaw formula is easily obtained as a replacement of the vector-like mass in 4D case M_i to 2 M_* tan[pi RM_i] (M_*: 5D Planck scale, M_i: vector-like bulk mass, and R: compactification radius). The smallness of Dirac neutrino mass can be naturally explained in the 5D setup. We also show the Majorana neutrino case
Single-electron response and energy resolution of a Micromegas detector

Preprint submitted to Nuclear Instrumentation and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment and edited by ElsevierMicro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGDs) such as Micromegas or GEM are used in particle physics experiments for their capabilities in particle tracking at high rates. Their excellent position resolutions are well known but their energy characteristics have been less studied. The energy resolution is mainly affected by the ionisation processes and detector gain fluctuations. This paper presents a method to separetely measure those two contributions to the energy resolution of a Micromegas detector. The method relies on the injection of a controlled number of electrons. The Micromegas has a 1.6-mm drift zone and a 160-$\mu$m amplification gap. It is operated in Ne 95~\%-iC$\mathrm{_4}$H$\mathrm{_{10}}$ 5~\% at atmospheric pressure. The electrons are generated by non-linear photoelectric emission issued from the photons of a pulsed 337-nm wavelength laser coupled to a focusing system. The single electron response has been measured at different gains (3.7 10$\mathrm{^4}$, 5.0 10$\mathrm{^4}$ and 7.0 10$\mathrm{^4}$) and is fitted with a good agreement by a Polya distribution. From those fits, a relative gain variance of 0.31$\pm$0.02 is deduced. The setup has also been characterised at several voltages by fitting the energy resolution measured as a function of the number of primary electrons, ranging from 5 up to 210. A maximum value of the Fano factor (0.37) has been estimated for a 5.9~keV X-rays interacting in the Ne 95~\%-iC$\mathrm{_4}$H$\mathrm{_{10}}$ 5~\% gas mixture
Disambiguating phrasal verbs

International audienceLike regular one-word verbs, verb-particle combinations or phrasal verbs can be ambiguous in the lexicon. This study examines ways to disambiguate by adding specific semantic features or “classes d’objets” to the lexicon-grammar, along with characteristic syntactic selectional restrictions. We first enlarged the systematic description of the most productive particle used in English phrasal verb constructions: "up". The initial database, composed of 300 transitive and neutral occurrences of phrasal verbs with "up" was expanded, and in the final database of 721 "up"expressions, 64% were shown to be ambiguous. Of these ambiguous expressions, over 60% involve just two or three homonyms, such as "crack up the audience" [= make laugh] vs. "crack up the car" [= damage], while another 20% comprise four or five homonyms. The rest involve six or more homonyms, with the expression "pick up" having fourteen distinct meanings. Following Gaston Gross (1994, 2004), Le Pesant & Mathieu-Colas (1998), and other researchers at LLI, we introduce hyperclasses, semantic classes, and domains to the object description of some of our data. These subcategorization refinements seem to help mitigate ambiguity and underscore the importance of a lexicon-grammar approach, which includes both syntactic and semantic information, to English phrasal verbs
Assimilation in multilingual cities

International audienceWe characterise how the assimilation patterns of minorities into the strong and the weak language differ in a situation of asymmetric bilingualism. Using large variations in language composition in Canadian cities from the 2001 and 2006 Censuses, we show that the differences in the knowledge of English by immigrant allophones (i.e. the immigrants with a mother tongue other than English and French) in English-majority cities are mainly due to sorting across cities. Instead, in French-majority cities, learning plays an important role in explaining differences in knowledge of French. In addition, the presence of large anglophone minorities deters much more the assimilation into French than the presence of francophone minorities deters the assimilation into English. Finally, we find that language distance plays a much more important role in explaining assimilation into French, and that assimilation into French is much more sensitive to individual characteristics than assimilation into English. Some of these asymmetric assimilation patterns extend to anglophone and francophone immigrants, but no evidence of learning is found in this case
Elements of Design for Containers and Solutions in the LinBox Library

International audienceWe describe in this paper new design techniques used in the C++ exact linear algebra library LinBox, intended to make the library safer and easier to use, while keeping it generic and efficient. First, we review the new simplified structure for containers, based on our <i>founding scope allocation</i> model. We explain design choices and their impact on coding: unification of our matrix classes, clearer model for matrices and submatrices, etc. Then we present a variation of the <i>strategy</i> design pattern that is comprised of a controller--plugin system: the controller (solution) chooses among plug-ins (algorithms) that always call back the controllers for subtasks. We give examples using the solution mul. Finally we present a benchmark architecture that serves two purposes: Providing the user with easier ways to produce graphs; Creating a framework for automatically tuning the library and supporting regression testing
Improving the ability of Bulk Built-In Current Sensors to detect Single Event Effects by using triple-well CMOS

International audienceBulk Built-In Current Sensors (bbicss) were introduced to detect the anomalous transient currents induced in the bulk of integrated circuits when hit by ionizing particles. To date, the experimental testing of only one bbics architecture was reported in the scientific bibliography. It reports an unexpected weakness in its ability to monitor nmos transistors. Based on experimental measures, we propose an explanation of this weakness and also the use of triple-well cmos to offset it. Further, we introduce a new bbics architecture well suited for triple-well that offers high detection sensitivity and low area overhead
Fish remains (Elasmobranchii, Actinopterygii) from the Late Cretaceous of the Benue Trough, Nigeria

International audienceSelachian and ray-finned fish remains from various Late Cretaceous localities of Nigeria are described. Each locality has yielded only a very few specimens and the diversity is therefore very low. However, some taxa are recorded for the first time in Africa. The Ashaka locality in the Upper Benue Trough (northeastern Nigeria) has yielded a small but interesting late Cenomanian assemblage of microremains, including teeth of ''Carcharias'' amonensis, Rhombopterygia zaborskii sp. nov., Hamrabatis sp., ''Stephanodus'' sp., and a possible ionoscopiform. A large prearticular dentition coming from the early Turonian beds of this locality is assigned to the large pycnodontiform Acrotemnus, a poorly known genus here regarded as a senior synonym of Macropycnodon. In the Lower Benue Trough (southeastern Nigeria), several localities ranging in age from the late Cenomanian to the early Maastrichtian have yielded various widespread taxa such as Ptychodus, Scapanorhynchus, Squalicorax, Vidalamiinae indet., cf. Protosphyraena, and Eodiaphyodus. The seaway that occupied the Benue Trough during transgressive episodes (late Cenomanian-early Turonian and Maastrichtian) created opportunities for the dispersal of many marine fish taxa into new areas, such as the proto-South Atlantic
In-situ evidence for dextral active motion at the Arabia-India plate boundary

International audienceThe Arabia-India plate boundary--also called theOwen fracture zone--is perhaps the least-known boundary among large tectonic plates1-6. Although it was identified early on as an example of a transform fault converting the divergent motion along the Carlsberg Ridge to convergent motion in the Himalayas7, its structure and rate of motion remains poorly constrained. Here we present the first direct evidence for active dextral strike-slip motion along this fault, based on seafloor multibeam mapping of the Arabia-India-Somalia triple junction in the northwest Indian Ocean. There is evidence for 12km of apparent strike-slip motion along the mapped segment of the Owen fracture zone, which is terminated to the south by a 50-km-wide pull-apart basin bounded by active faults. By evaluating these new constraints within the context of geodetic models of global plate motions, we determine a robust angular velocity for the Arabian plate relative to the Indian plate that predicts 2-4mmyr−1 dextral motion along the Owen fracture zone. This transformfault was probably initiated around 8 million years ago in response to a regional reorganization of plate velocities and directions8-11, which induced a change in configuration of the triple junction. Infrequent earthquakes of magnitude 7 and greater may occur along the Arabia-India plate boundary, unless deformation is in the formof aseismic creep
Bandlet Image Estimation with Model Selection

International audienceTo estimate geometrically regular images in the white noise model and obtain an adaptive near asymptotic minimaxity result, we consider a model selection based bandlet estimator. This bandlet estimator combines the best basis selection behaviour of the model selection and the approximation properties of the bandlet dictionary. We derive its near asymptotic minimaxity for geometrically regular images as an example of model selection with general dictionary of orthogonal bases. This paper is thus also a self contained tutorial on model selection with orthogonal bases dictionary
Ensemble of Single‐Layered Complex‐Valued Neural Networks for Classification Tasks

This paper presents ensemble approaches in single-layered complex-valued
	neural network (CVNN) to solve real-valued classification problems. Each
	component CVNN of an ensemble uses a recently proposed activation function
	for its complex-valued neurons (CVNs). A gradient-descent based learning
	algorithm was used to train the component CVNNs. We applied two ensemble
	methods, negative correlation learning and bagging, to create the ensembles.
	Experimental results on a number of real-world benchmark problems showed a
	substantial performance improvement of the ensembles over the individual
	single-layered CVNN classifiers. Furthermore, the generalization performances
	were nearly equivalent to those obtained by the ensembles of real-valued
	multilayer neural networks
Nonlinearity and dynamic phase transition of charge-density-wave lattice

[[abstract]]We report the investigation of the dynamic behavior of charge-density waves (CDWs) in a quasi-one-dimensional material K0.3MoO3 using x-ray scattering and multiple x-ray diffraction. Under the application of voltages, we demonstrate that the occurrence of nonlinear conductivity caused by CDW is through the internal deformation of the CDW lattice, i.e., a phase jump of 2 pi, as the applied voltage exceeds the threshold. By measuring the evolution of peak width of satellite reflections as a function of the field strength, we also report that the CDW lattice can be driven to move and undergo a dynamic phase transition, i.e., from the disordered pinning state to ordered moving solid state, and finally, to disordered moving liquid.[[fileno]]2010110010018[[department]]物理
Effects of the fibers distribution in the human eardrum: A biomechanical study

The eardrum separates the external ear from the middle ear and it is responsible to convert the acoustical energy into mechanical energy. It is divided by pars tensa and pars flaccida. The aim of this work is to analyze the susceptibility of the four quadrants of the pars tensa under negative pressure, to different lamina propria fibers distribution. The development of associated ear pathology, in particular the formation of retraction pockets, is also evaluated. To analyze these effects, a computational biomechanical model of the tympano-ossicular chain was constructed using computerized tomography images and based on the finite element method. Three fibers distributions in the eardrum middle layer were compared: case 1 (eardrum with a circular band of fibers surrounding all quadrants equally), case 2 (eardrum with a circular band of fibers that decreases in thickness in posterior quadrants), case 3 (eardrum without circular fibers in the posterior/superior quadrant). A static analysis was performed by applying approximately 3000Pa in the eardrum. The pars tensa of the eardrum was divided in four quadrants and the displacement of a central point of each quadrant analyzed. The largest displacements of the eardrum were obtained for the eardrum without circular fibers in the posterior/superior quadrant
Electron transport properties of sub-3-nm diameter copper nanowires

Density functional theory and density functional tight-binding are applied to
model electron transport in copper nanowires of approximately 1 nm and 3 nm
diameters with varying crystal orientation and surface termination. The copper
nanowires studied are found to be metallic irrespective of diameter, crystal
orientation and/or surface termination. Electron transmission is highly
dependent on crystal orientation and surface termination. Nanowires oriented
along the [110] crystallographic axis consistently exhibit the highest electron
transmission while surface oxidized nanowires show significantly reduced
electron transmission compared to unterminated nanowires. Transmission per unit
area is calculated in each case, for a given crystal orientation we find that
this value decreases with diameter for unterminated nanowires but is largely
unaffected by diameter in surface oxidized nanowires for the size regime
considered. Transmission pathway plots show that transmission is larger at the
surface of unterminated nanowires than inside the nanowire and that
transmission at the nanowire surface is significantly reduced by surface
oxidation. Finally, we present a simple model which explains the transport per
unit area dependence on diameter based on transmission pathways results
Anchoring Causal Connections in Physical Concepts

In their paper "How Fundamental Physics represents Causality", Andreas Bartels and Daniel Wohlfarth maintain that there is place for causality in General Relativity. Their argument contains two steps: First they show that there are time-asymmetric models in General Relativity, then they claim to derive that two events are causally connected if and only if there is a time-asymmetric energy flow from one event to the other. In our comment we first give a short summary of their paper followed by a section introducing and pondering different conceptions of causation since Bartels and Wohlfarth don’t explicitly declare which notion of causation they build on in the paper. In order to analyze their argument in detail we formalize their crucial step in logical terms. This helps to pose the question whether their proposed derivation is not just a definition in a more precise way
Analytical and Decision Support Tools for Genomics-Assisted Breeding

To successfully implement genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) in crop improvement programs, efficient and effective analytical and decision support tools (ADSTs) are ‘must haves’ to evaluate and select plants for developing next-generation crops. Here we review the applications and deployment of appropriate ADSTs for GAB, in the context of next-generation sequencing (NGS), an emerging source of massive genomic information. We discuss suitable software tools and pipelines for marker-based approaches (markers/haplotypes), including large-scale genotypic and phenotypic, data management, and molecular breeding approaches. Although phenotyping remains expensive and time consuming, prediction of allelic effects on phenotypes opens new doors to enhance genetic gain across crop cycles, building on reliable phenotyping approaches and good crop information systems, including pedigree information and target haplotypes
Chaotic careers: A narrative analysis of career transition themes and outcomes using chaos theory as a guiding metaphor

In a rapidly changing world of work, little research exists on mid-career transitions. We investigated these using the open-systems approach of chaos theory as a guiding metaphor and conducted interviews with seven mid-career individuals chosen for their experience of a significant mid-career transition. Four common themes were identified through narrative analysis, where 'false starts' to a career were a common experience prior to finding a career 'fit'. Career transitions, precipitated by a trigger state and/or event such as a period of disillusionment, were an important part of this 'finding a fit' process. Overall, career success outcomes were shaped by a combination of chaos elements: chance, unplanned events, and non-linearity of resultant outcomes. We discuss implications for future research and practice. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Two- and one-dimensional light propagations and gain in layer-by-layer-deposited colloidal nanocrystal waveguides

<p>Optical waveguides containing high percentages of colloidal nanocrystals have been fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition on planar and patterned glass substrates. The two- and one-dimensional waveguidings in these structures are demonstrated by propagation loss experiments. The experimental results obtained for various film thicknesses and widths of the waveguide stripes together with simulations of the light propagation indicate that the losses are dominated by surface roughness. The variable stripe length method is used to determine the optical gain of 230  cm<sup>–1</sup> from the amplified spontaneous emission. This high value makes the authors' waveguide structures very promising for applications in amplifiers and lasers with reduced threshold powers.</p
The 2006 hot phase of Romano’s star (GR 290) in M 33

Understanding the nature of the instabilities of LBVs is important to understand the late evolutionary stages of very massive stars.\ud
We investigate the long term, S Dor-type variability of the luminous blue variable\ud
GR290 (Romano’s star) in M33, and its 2006 minimum phase.\ud
New spectroscopic and photometric data taken in November and December\ud
2006 were employed in conjunction with already published data on GR290 to derive the physical structure of GR290 in different phases and the time scale of the variability.\ud
We find that by the end of 2006, GR 290 had reached the deepest visual minimum so far recorded. Its present spectrum resembles closely that of the Of/WN9 stars, and is the hottest so far recorded in this star (and in any LBV as well), while its visual brightness decreased by about 1.4 mag.\ud
This first spectroscopic record of GR290 during a minimum phase confirms that, similarly to AG Car and other LBVs, the star is subject to ample S Dor-type variations, being hotter at minimum, suggesting that the variations take place at constant bolometric luminosity
The Holland broadcast language and the modeling of biochemical networks

The Broadcast Language is a programming formalism devised by Holland in 1975, which aims at improving the efficiency of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) during long-term evolution. The key mechanism of the Broadcast Language is to allow GAs to employ an adaptable problem representation. Fixed problem encoding is commonly used by GAs but may limit their performance in particular cases. This paper describes an implementation of the Broadcast Language and its application to modeling biochemical networks. Holland presented the Broadcast Language in his book “Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems” where only a description of the language was provided, without any implementation. Our primary motivation for this work was the fact that there is currently no published implementation of the Broadcast Language available. Secondly, no additional examination of the Broadcast Language and its applications can be found in the literature. Holland proposed that the Broadcast Language would be suitable for the modeling of biochemical models. However, he did not support this belief with any experimental work. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the Broadcast Language which is then applied to the modeling of a signal transduction network. We conclude the paper by proposing that with some refinements it will be possible to use the Broadcast Language to evolve biochemical networks in silico
Mentor mother support for mothers experiencing intimate partner violence in family practice: A qualitative study of three different perspectives on the facilitators and barriers of implementation

Contains fulltext :
                  179341.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent and associated with physical and mental health problems. Mentor mother support is a low threshold intervention in family practice consisting of support by non-professionals trained to support mothers experiencing IPV. A mentor mother support study showed reduced exposure to IPV and decreased symptoms of depression.Objectives: Identify factors determining implementation success of mentor mother support in family practice. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 12 family physicians, 16 abused mothers and three mentor mothers. Four mentor mothers participated in a focus group. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: The identification and discussion of abuse is hindered by family physicians' attitudes because they considered mothers experiencing IPV as a difficult target group with a responsibility of their own to break out of their violent situation. Some family physicians doubted the partner's violence because he was known as a patient as well. Acceptance of mentor mother support is related to the readiness for change of mothers experiencing IPV. Mentor mothers facilitate acceptance and completion of their support by connecting as a friend who is equal and less threatening than professionals. Conclusion: To improve successful implementation of mentor mother support in primary care, we should focus on family physicians' attitudes towards IPV. To change these attitudes, we recommend continuous training of family physicians. By being paraprofessional friends, mentor mothers offer low threshold support that is complementary to professional support and should be embedded more widely in primary care.KEY MESSAGES: We need to focus on family physicians' attitudes towards IPV to improve the support for mothers experiencing IPV. As 'paraprofessional friends', mentor mothers offer low-threshold support that is complementary to professional support.8 p