pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
TiO and VO broad band absorption features in the optical spectrum of the atmosphere of the hot-Jupiter HD 209458b

Copyright 
© ESO 2008Aims. The presence of titanium oxide (TiO) and vanadium oxide (VO) gas phase species is searched for in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD 209458b .
Methods. We compared a model for the planet's transmitted spectrum to multi-wavelength eclipse-depth measurements (from 3000 to 10 000 Å) using archived HST-STIS time series spectra. We make use of these observations to search for spectral signatures from extra absorbers in the planet atmosphere between 6000 and 8000 Å.
Results. Along with sodium depletion and Rayleigh scattering recently published for this exoplanet atmosphere, an extra absorber of uncertain origin, redward of the sodium lines, is present in the atmosphere of the planet. Furthermore, this planet has a stratosphere experiencing a thermal inversion caused by the capture of optical stellar flux by absorbers at altitude. Recent models have predicted that the presence of TiO and VO in the atmosphere of HD 209458b  may be responsible for this temperature inversion. Although no specific TiO and VO spectral band head signatures have been identified unambiguously in the observed spectrum, we suggest here that the opacities of those molecules are possible candidates to explain the remaining continuous broad band absorption observed between 6200 and 8000 Å. To match the data reasonably well, the abundances of TiO and VO molecules are evaluated from ten to one thousand times below solar. This upper limit result is in agreement with expected variations with altitude due to depletion effects such as condensation
The GALEX Ultraviolet Virgo Cluster Survey            (GUViCS)
 : 
V. Ultraviolet diffuse emission and cirrus properties in the Virgo          cluster direction

International audienceContext. The Virgo direction has been observed at many wavelengths in          recent years, in particular in the ultraviolet with GALEX. The far ultraviolet (FUV)          diffuse light detected by GALEX offers interesting information on the large scale          distribution of Galactic dust, owing to the GALEX FUV band sensitivity and resolution.Aims. We aim to characterise the ultraviolet large scale distribution of          diffuse emission in the Virgo direction. A map of this emission may become useful for          various studies by identifying regions where dust affects observations by either          scattering light or absorbing radiation.Methods. We constructed mosaics of the FUV and near ultraviolet (NUV)          diffuse emission over a large sky region (RA 12 to 13 h, Dec 0 to 20 deg) surrounding the          Virgo cluster, using all the GALEX available data in the area. We tested for the first          time the utilisation of the FUV diffuse light as a Galactic extinction E(B −            V) tracer.Results. The FUV diffuse light scattered on cirrus reveals details about          their geometry. Despite large dispersion, the FUV diffuse light correlates roughly with          other Galactic dust tracers (coming from IRAS, Herschel,            Planck), offering an opportunity to use the FUV emission to locate them          in future studies with a better resolution (about 5 arcsec native resolution, 20 arcsec          pixels maps presented in this paper) than for several usual tracers. Estimating the          Galactic dust extinction on the basis of this emission allows us to find a smaller          dispersion in the NUV −            i colour of background galaxies at a given            E(B −              V) than with other tracers. The diffuse light          mosaics obtained in this work are made publicly available
Landauer-Büttiker and Thouless conductance

In the independent electron approximation, the average (energy/charge/entropy) current flowing through a finite sample S connected to two electronic reservoirs can be computed by scattering theoretic arguments which lead to the famous Landauer-Büttiker formula. Another well known formula has been proposed by Thouless on the basis of a scaling argument. The Thouless formula relates the conductance of the sample to the width of the spectral bands of the infinite crystal obtained by periodic juxtaposition of S. In this spirit, we define Landauer-Büttiker crystalline currents by extending the Landauer-Büttiker formula to a setup where the sample S is replaced by a periodic structure whose unit cell is S. We argue that these crystalline currents are closely related to the Thouless currents. For example, the crystalline heat current is bounded above by the Thouless heat current, and this bound saturates iff the coupling between the reservoirs and the sample is reflectionless. Our analysis leads to a rigorous derivation of the Thouless formula from the first principles of quantum statistical mechanics
Global Strong solution with vacuum to the 2D nonhomogeneous
  incompressible MHD system

In this paper, we first prove the unique global strong solution with vacuum
to the two dimensional nonhomogeneous incompressible MHD system, as long as the
initial data satisfies some compatibility condition. As a corollary, the global
existence of strong solution with vacuum to the 2D nonhomogeneous
incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is also established. Our main result
improves all the previous results where the initial density need to be strictly
positive. The key idea is to use some critical Sobolev inequality of
logarithmic type, which is originally due to Brezis-Wainger.Comment: 16 page
High-precision acoustic helium signatures in 18 low-mass low-luminosity red giants
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Analysis from more than four years of Kepler observations

International audienceContext. High-precision frequencies of acoustic modes in red giant stars are now available thanks to the long observing length and high quality of the light curves provided by the NASA Kepler mission, thus allowing the interior of evolved cool low-mass stars to be probed with an unprecedented level of detail.Aims. We characterize the acoustic signature of the helium second ionization zone in a sample of 18 low-mass low-luminosity red giants by exploiting new mode-frequency measurements derived from more than four years of Kepler observations.Methods. We analyzed the second frequency differences of radial acoustic modes in all the stars of the sample by using the Bayesian code Diamonds.Results. We find clear acoustic glitches due to the signature of helium second ionization in all the stars of the sample. We could measure the acoustic depth and the characteristic width of the acoustic glitches with a precision level on average around ~2% and ~8%, respectively. We find good agreement with theoretical predictions and existing measurements from the literature. Finally, we derive the amplitude of the glitch signal at νmax for the second differences and for the frequencies with an average precision of ~6%, obtaining values in the range 0.14−0.24 μHz and 0.08−0.33 μHz, respectively, which can be used to investigate the helium abundance in the stars
Evidence for feedback in action from the molecular gas content in the z ~ 1.6 outflowing QSO XID2028

International audienceAims. Gas outflows are believed to play a pivotal role in shaping galaxies, as they regulate both star formation and black hole growth. Despite their ubiquitous presence, the origin and the acceleration mechanism of these powerful and extended winds is not yet understood. Direct observations of the cold gas component in objects with detected outflows at other wavelengths are needed to assess the impact of the outflow on the host galaxy interstellar medium (ISM). Methods. We observed with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer an obscured quasar at z ~ 1.5, XID2028, for which the presence of an ionized outflow has been unambiguously signalled by NIR spectroscopy. The detection of $^{12}$CO(3−2) emission in this source allows us to infer the molecular gas content and compare it to the ISM mass derived from the dust emission. We then analyzed the results in the context of recent insights on scaling relations, which describe the gas content of the overall population of star-forming galaxies at a similar redshifts. Results. The star formation efficiency (~100) and gas mass (M$_{gas}$ = 2.1−9.5 × 10$^{10}$ M$_⊙$) inferred from the CO(3−2) line depend on the underlying assumptions on the excitation of the transition and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor. However, the combination of this information and the ISM mass estimated from the dust mass suggests that the ISM/gas content of XID2028 is significantly lower than expected for its observed M$_⋆$, sSFR and redshift, based on the most up-to-date calibrations (with gas fraction <20% and depletion timescale <340 Myr).Conclusions. Overall, the constraints we obtain from the far infrared and millimeter data suggest that we are observing QSO feedback able to remove the gas from the host
Global uniqueness and reconstruction for the multi-channel Gel'fand-Calderón inverse problem in two dimensions

International audienceWe study the multi-channel Gel'fand-Calderón inverse problem in two dimensions, i.e. the inverse boundary value problem for the equation $-\Delta \psi + v(x) \psi = 0$, $x\in D$, where $v$ is a smooth matrix-valued potential defined on a bounded planar domain $D$. We give an exact global reconstruction method for finding $v$ from the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. This also yields a global uniqueness results: if two smooth matrix-valued potentials defined on a bounded planar domain have the same Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator then they coincide
Economic benefits from food recovery at the retail stage: An application to Italian food chains

The food supply chain is affected by losses of products near to their expiry date or damaged by improper transportation or production defects. Such products are usually poorly attractive for the consumer in the target market even if they maintain their nutritional properties. On the other hand undernourished people face every day the problem of fulfilling their nutritional needs usually relying on non-profit organizations. In this field the food recovery enabling economic benefits for donors is nowadays seen as a coherent way to manage food products unsalable in the target market for various causes and thus destined to be discarded and disposed to landfill thus representing only a cost. Despite its obvious affordability the food recovery is today not always practiced because the economic benefits that could be achieved are barely known. The paper aims at presenting a deterministic mathematical model for the optimization of the supply chain composed by retailers and potential recipients that practice the food recovery, taking into account the benefits recognized to donors and the management costs of the food recovery. The model determines the optimal time to withdraw the products from the shelves as well as the quantities to be donated to the non-profit organizations and those to be sent to the livestock market maximizing the retailer profit. The results show that the optimal conditions ensuring the affordability of the food recovery strategy including the tax reliefs and cost saving for the retailers outperforms the profit achievable in absence of such a system
Measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in transverse momentum and rapidity in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

We present a measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in rapidity and transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collision events at a centre-of-mass energy View the MathML sources=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The Z boson is identified via its decay to a pair of muons. The measurement provides a precision test of quantum chromodynamics over a large region of phase space. In addition, due to the small experimental uncertainties in the measurement the data has the potential to constrain the gluon parton distribution function in the kinematic regime important for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion. The results agree with the next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions computed with the fewz program. The results are also compared to the commonly used leading-order MadGraph and next-to-leading-order powheg generators
Age-​related changes in the brain antioxidant status: modulation by dietary supplementation of Decalepis hamiltonii and physical exercise

The synergistic effects of phys. exercise and diet have profound benefits on brain function.  The present study was aimed to det. the effects of exercise and Decalepis hamiltonii (Dh) on age-​related responses on the antioxidant status in discrete regions of rat brain.  Male Wistar albino rats of 4 and 18 mo old were orally supplemented with Dh ext. and swim trained at 3 % intensity for 30 min​/day, 5 days​/wk, for a period of 30 days.  Supplementation of 100 mg Dh aq. ext.​/kg body wt. and its combination with exercise significantly elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities irresp. of age.  Age-​related and region-​specific changes were obsd. in superoxide levels, and protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde contents, and were found to be decreased in both trained and supplemented groups.  Levels of total thiols, protein, and nonprotein thiols decreased with age and significantly increased in the SW-​T(+100 mg) groups.  Our results demonstrated that the interactive effects of two treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and decreased the risk of protein and lipid oxidn. in the rat brai
NNLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson production at large transverse
  momentum

We derive the second-order QCD corrections to the production of a Higgs boson
recoiling against a parton with finite transverse momentum, working in the
effective field theory in which the top quark contributions are integrated out.
To account for quark mass effects, we supplement the effective field theory
result by the full quark mass dependence at leading order. Our calculation is
fully differential in the final state kinematics and includes the decay of the
Higgs boson to a photon pair. It allows one to make next-to-next-to- leading
order (NNLO)-accurate theory predictions for Higgs-plus-jet final states and
for the transverse momentum distribution of the Higgs boson, accounting for the
experimental definition of the fiducial cross sections. The NNLO QCD
corrections are found to be moderate and positive, they lead to a substantial
reduction of the theory uncertainty on the predictions. We compare our results
to 8 TeV LHC data from ATLAS and CMS. While the shape of the data is
well-described for both experiments, we agree on the normalization only for
CMS. By normalizing data and theory to the inclusive fiducial cross section for
Higgs production, good agreement is found for both experiments, however at the
expense of an increased theory uncertainty. We make predictions for Higgs
production observables at the 13 TeV LHC, which are in good agreement with
recent ATLAS data. At this energy, the leading order mass corrections to the
effective field theory prediction become significant at large transverse
momenta, and we discuss the resulting uncertainties on the predictions.Comment: 28 pages, 13 figure
The role of interferon-regulated genes in the immune system

Type I interferons (IFNs) are potent inducers of the first-line defense against pathogens. Their
activity leads to the up- and downregulation of a large number of genes with various effects on the
immune system, including direct effects on the pathogens. Due to the strong response evoked by
IFN signaling, the IFN pathway is tightly regulated by IFN stimulated genes to avoid detrimental
effects of long-term exposure. If the IFN signaling pathway is not regulated properly, or for other
reasons constantly activated, it can lead to interferonopathies and autoimmune diseases such as
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS). Indeed, many therapeutics
targeting the IFN pathway are currently in clinical trials. In contrast, type I IFNs are used to treat
certain types of cancer, virus infections and multiple sclerosis. The complex role of type I IFN
signaling in disease is not well understood and need further characterization for better therapeutic
inventions.



The aim of this thesis was to identify genes that are regulated by type I IFNs and investigate their
role in the immune system. To do this, we quantified the expression of interferon-regulated genes
in sorted immune cells from patients with primary SS, and from individuals treated with IFN b.
Using global gene expression analysis on PBMCs as well as qPCR on sorted cells, we could identify
several genes that were differentially regulated by type I IFNs in different immune cell populations.
Among them were TRIM21 that was upregulated in T cells and B cells, BAFF that was upregulated
in T cells, monocytes and neutrophils and miR-150-5p that was selectively downregulated in
monocytes. The downregulated expression of miR-150-5p consequently led to an increased
expression of its target c-Myb. In addition, monocytes from patients with SLE displayed an increase
in c-Myb target genes. When investigating the regulation of BAFF and TRIM21, we found that
both were regulated by members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family. Specifically, both
were upregulated by IRF1 and IRF2, and downregulated by IRF4 and IRF8. To further investigate
the role of TRIM21 in the immune system, we generated Trim21-/- mice. These mice were prone to
granulocyte infiltrations and developed symptoms of autoimmune disease after being triggered by
metal ear tags. We found that TRIM21 negatively regulates the immune response by ubiquitinating
IRFs, and that naïve Trim21-/- mice control the development of eosinophils in the bone marrow
Negotiating the dynamics of uncomfortable knowledge: The case of dual use and synthetic biology.

10.03.15 KB. Ok to add published version to spiral, OA paperInstitutions need to ignore some knowledge in order to function. This is  uncomfortable knowledge  because it undermines the ability of those institutions to pursue their goals (Rayner, 2012). We identify three bodies of knowledge that are relevant to understandings of the dual use threat posed by synthetic biology but are excluded from related policy discussions. We demonstrate how these  unknown knowns  constitute uncomfortable knowledge because they disrupt the simplified worldview that underpins contemporary discourse on the potential misuse of synthetic biology by malign actors. We describe how these inconvenient truths have been systematically ignored and argue that this is because they are perceived as a threat by organisations involved in the promotion of synthetic biology as well as by those involved in managing biosecurity risks. This has led to a situation where concerns about the biosecurity threat posed by synthetic biology are not only exaggerated, but are, more importantly, misplaced. This, in turn, means that related policies are misdirected and unlikely to have much impact. We focus on the dynamics of discussions about synthetic biology and dual use to demonstrate how the same  knowns  that are denied or dismissed as  unknown knowns  in certain circumstances are sometimes mobilised as  known knowns  by the same category of actors in a different context, when this serves to sustain the goals of the individuals and institutions involved. Based on our own experience, we argue that negotiating the dynamics of uncomfortable knowledge is a difficult, but necessary, component of meaningful transdisciplinary collaborations
A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2014

This paper presents the output of our fifth annual horizon-scanning exercise, which aims to identify topics that increasingly may affect conservation of biological diversity, but have yet to be widely considered. A team of professional horizon scanners, researchers, practitioners, and a journalist identified 15 topics which were identified via an iterative, Delphi-like process. The 15 topics include a carbon market induced financial crash, rapid geographic expansion of macroalgal cultivation, genetic control of invasive species, probiotic therapy for amphibians, and an emerging snake fungal disease
The efficacy of high performance work practices in the Middle East: evidence from Algerian firms

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Although there is developing evidence on the effectiveness of global HRM best practices in
emerging and developing economies, little is known about the efficacy of those practices in
the Middle East. This study examines the impact of High Performance Work Practices
(HPWP) on both employee and organizational outcomes in Algerian firms. The results of a
firm-level survey show that while HPWP are positively associated with employee work
attitudes and motivations, this effect is not converted into organizational level outcomes. The
results are discussed, and implications for future research are offered
Identification of the regions involved in phonological assembly using a novel paradigm.

Here we adopt a novel strategy to investigate phonological assembly. Participants performed a visual lexical decision task in English in which the letters in words and letterstrings were delivered either sequentially (promoting phonological assembly) or simultaneously (not promoting phonological assembly). A region of interest analysis confirmed that regions previously associated with phonological assembly, in studies contrasting different word types (e.g. words versus pseudowords), were also identified using our novel task that controls for a number of confounding variables. Specifically, the left pars opercularis, the superior part of the ventral precentral gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus were all recruited more during sequential delivery than simultaneous delivery, even when various psycholinguistic characteristics of the stimuli were controlled. This suggests that sequential delivery of orthographic stimuli is a useful tool to explore how readers, with various levels of proficiency, use sublexical phonological processing during visual word recognition
Brain dynamics of meal size selection in humans.

Although neuroimaging research has evidenced specific responses to visual food stimuli based on their nutritional quality (e.g., energy density, fat content), brain processes underlying portion size selection remain largely unexplored. We identified spatio-temporal brain dynamics in response to meal images varying in portion size during a task of ideal portion selection for prospective lunch intake and expected satiety. Brain responses to meal portions judged by the participants as 'too small', 'ideal' and 'too big' were measured by means of electro-encephalographic (EEG) recordings in 21 normal-weight women. During an early stage of meal viewing (105-145ms), data showed an incremental increase of the head-surface global electric field strength (quantified via global field power; GFP) as portion judgments ranged from 'too small' to 'too big'. Estimations of neural source activity revealed that brain regions underlying this effect were located in the insula, middle frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and are similar to those reported in previous studies investigating responses to changes in food nutritional content. In contrast, during a later stage (230-270ms), GFP was maximal for the 'ideal' relative to the 'non-ideal' portion sizes. Greater neural source activity to 'ideal' vs. 'non-ideal' portion sizes was observed in the inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus and mid-posterior cingulate gyrus. Collectively, our results provide evidence that several brain regions involved in attention and adaptive behavior track 'ideal' meal portion sizes as early as 230ms during visual encounter. That is, responses do not show an increase paralleling the amount of food viewed (and, in extension, the amount of reward), but are shaped by regulatory mechanisms