pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On graph contractions and induced minors. \ud

The Induced Minor Containment problem takes as input two graphs G and H, and asks whether G has H as an induced minor. We show that this problem is fixed parameter tractable in |VH| if G belongs to any nontrivial minor-closed graph class and H is a planar graph. For a fixed graph H, the H-Contractibility problem is to decide whether a graph can be contracted to H. The computational complexity classification of this problem is still open. So far, H has a dominating vertex in all cases known to be solvable in polynomial time, whereas H does not have such a vertex in all cases known to be NP-complete. Here, we present a class of graphs H with a dominating vertex for which H-Contractibility is NP-complete. We also present a new class of graphs H for which H-Contractibility can be solved in polynomial time. Finally, we study the (H,v)-Contractibility problem, where v is a vertex of H. The input of this problem is a graph G and an integer k, and the question is whether G is H-contractible such that the “bag” of G corresponding to v contains at least k vertices. We show that this problem is NP-complete whenever H is connected and v is not a dominating vertex of H.\ud
\u
The Sejong open cluster survey (SOS). IV. The young open clusters NGC 1624 and NGC 1931

Young open clusters located in the outer Galaxy provide us with an opportunity to study star formation activity in a different environment from the solar neighborhood. We present a UBVI and Hphotometric study of the young open clusters NGC 1624 and NGC 1931 that are situated toward the Galactic anticenter. Various photometric diagrams are used to select the members of the clusters and to determine the fundamental parameters. NGC 1624 and NGC 1931 are, on average, reddened by = 0.92 ± 0.05 and 0.74 ± 0.17 mag, respectively. The properties of the reddening toward NGC 1931 indicate an abnormal reddening law ( = 5.2 ± 0.3). Using the zero-age main sequence fitting method we confirm that NGC 1624 is 6.0 ± 0.6 kpc away from the Sun, whereas NGC 1931 is at a distance of 2.3 ± 0.2 kpc. The results from isochrone fitting in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram indicate the ages of NGC 1624 and NGC 1931 to be less than 4 and 1.5-2.0 Myr, respectively. We derived the initial mass function (IMF) of the clusters. The slope of the IMF ( = -2.0 ± 0.2 and = -2.0 ± 0.1) appears to be steeper than that of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. We discuss the implication of the derived IMF based on simple Monte-Carlo simulations and conclude that the property of star formation in the clusters does not seem to be significantly different from that in the solar neighborhood
‘This is the country of premature old men’ Ageing and Aged Miners in the South Wales Coalfield, c.1880–1947

This article considers the effects of work in the south Wales coal industry\ud
either side of the turn of the twentieth century and, specifically, the ways in which work aged\ud
workers prematurely. It examines the consequences of working practices for miners’ bodies,\ud
the expedients utilized by miners to try and cope with the effects of premature ageing, and the\ud
consequences for their living standards, experiences and status. It situates these phenomena\ud
in the contexts of industrial relations and welfare provision. In so doing, the article engages with\ud
historiographies of the life-cycle, the aged, and pensions provision in modern Britain
Label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization for the example of influenza virus gene sequences

Microarrays based on DNA-DNA hybridization are potentially useful for detecting and subtyping viruses but require fluorescence labeling and imaging equipment. We investigated a label-free electrical detection system using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that is able to detect hybridization of DNA target sequences derived from avian H5N1 influenza virus to gold surface-attached single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide probes. A 23-nt probe is able to detect a 120-nt base fragment of the influenza A hemagglutinin gene sequence. We describe a novel method of data analysis that is compatible with automatic measurement without operator input, contrary to curve fitting used in conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data analysis. A systematic investigation of the detection signal for various spacer molecules between the oligonucleotide probe and the gold surface revealed that the signal/background ratio improves as the length of the spacer increases, with a 12- to 18-atom spacer element being optimal. The optimal spacer molecule allows a detection limit between 30 and 100 fmol DNA with a macroscopic gold disc electrode of I mm radius. The dependence of the detection signal on the concentration of a 23-nt target follows a binding curve with an approximate 1:1 stoichiometry and a dissociation constant of K-D = 13 +/- 4 nM at 295 K. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Landau level transitions in doped graphene in a time dependent magnetic field

The aim of this work is to describe the Landau level transitions of Bloch electrons in doped graphene with an arbitrary time dependent magnetic field in the long wavelength approximation. In particular, transitions from the m Landau level to the m+/-1 and m+/-2 Landau levels are studied using the time dependent perturbation theory. Time intervals are computed in which transition probabilities tend to zero at a low order in the coupling constant. In particular, Landau level transitions are studied in the case of Bloch electrons traveling in the direction of the applied magnetic force and the results are compared with classical and revival periods of electrical current in graphene. Finally, current probabilities are computed for the n=0 and n=1 Landau levels showing expected oscillating behavior with modified cyclotron frequency.Fil: Ardenghi, Juan Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Bechthold, Pablo Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Jasen, Paula Verónica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Estela Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Nagel, Oscar Amadeo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentin
Family Income and Child Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Development in Australia: Does Money Matter?

This article investigates whether family income affects children’s cognitive and noncognitive development by exploiting comprehensive information from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We include variables that represent parental investment, parental stress, and neighborhood characteristics to examine if these factors mediate the effects of income. Using dynamic panel data, we find that family income is significantly associated with children’s cognitive skills but not with noncognitive skills. Mother’s education, parent’s physical and mental health, parenting styles, child’s own health, and presence of both biological parents are the most important factors for children’s noncognitive development. For cognitive development, income as well as parents’ education, child’s birth weight, and number of books that children have at home are highly significant factors. We also find strong evidence to support the skill formation theory that children’s previous cognitive and noncognitive outcomes are significantly related to their current outcomes.Full Tex
Belief revision generalized: A joint characterization of Bayes' and Jeffrey's rules

We present a general framework for representing belief-revision rules and use it to characterise Bayes's rule as a classical example and Jeffrey's rule as a non-classical one. In Jeffrey's rule, the input to a belief revision is not simply the information that some event has occurred, as in Bayes's rule, but a new assignment of probabilities to some events. Despite their differences, Bayes's and Jeffrey's rules can be characterized in terms of the same two axioms: "responsiveness", which requires that revised beliefs incorporate what has been learnt, and "conservativeness", which requires that beliefs on which the learnt input is "silent" do not change. (We give a precise technical definition of "silence".) To illustrate the use of non-Bayesian belief revision in economic theory, we sketch a simple decision-theoretic application
VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) :
                    The public ESO near-IR variability survey of the Milky Way

Original article can be found at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13841076 Copyright Elsevier B.V.We describe the public ESO near-IR variability survey (VVV) scanning the Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the mid-plane where star formation activity is high. The survey will take 1929 h of observations with the 4-m VISTA telescope during 5 years (2010???2014), covering 109 point sources across an area of 520 deg2, including 33 known globular clusters and 350 open clusters. The final product will be a deep near-IR atlas in five passbands (0.9???2.5 ??m) and a catalogue of more than 106 variable point sources. Unlike single-epoch surveys that, in most cases, only produce 2-D maps, the VVV variable star survey will enable the construction of a 3-D map of the surveyed region using well-understood distance indicators such as RR Lyrae stars, and Cepheids. It will yield important information on the ages of the populations. The observations will be combined with data from MACHO, OGLE, EROS, VST, Spitzer, HST, Chandra, INTEGRAL, WISE, Fermi LAT, XMM-Newton, GAIA and ALMA for a complete understanding of the variable sources in the inner Milky Way. This public survey will provide data available to the whole community and therefore will enable further studies of the history of the Milky Way, its globular cluster evolution, and the population census of the Galactic Bulge and center, as well as the investigations of the star forming regions in the disk. The combined variable star catalogues will have important implications for theoretical investigations of pulsation properties of stars
X-ray observations of ultraluminous X-ray sources

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are amongst the most intriguing of X-ray
source classes. Their extreme luminosities - greater than 10^39 erg/s in the
0.3 - 10 keV band alone - suggest either the presence of black holes larger
than those regularly encountered in our own Galaxy (the Galactic centre
excepted), or sources apparently radiating well above the Eddington limit. We
review the insights afforded us by studies of their X-ray emission, focussing
on what this reveals about the underlying compact object. In particular, we
discuss recent deep observations of ULXs by the XMM-Newton observatory, and how
the unprecedented data quality provided by this mission is starting to
discriminate between the different physical models for these extraordinary
X-ray emitters.Comment: Invited talk at the 5th Stromlo Symposium. 10 pages, 4 figures.
  Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc
Developmentally regulated glycosylation of the CD8alphabeta coreceptor stalk modulates ligand binding.

The functional consequences of glycan structural changes associated with cellular differentiation are ill defined. Herein, we investigate the role of glycan adducts to the O-glycosylated polypeptide stalk tethering the CD8alphabeta coreceptor to the thymocyte surface. We show that immature CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes bind MHCI tetramers more avidly than mature CD8 single-positive thymocytes, and that this differential binding is governed by developmentally programmed O-glycan modification controlled by the ST3Gal-I sialyltransferase. ST3Gal-I induction and attendant core 1 sialic acid addition to CD8beta on mature thymocytes decreases CD8alphabeta-MHCI avidity by altering CD8alphabeta domain-domain association and/or orientation. Hence, glycans on the CD8beta stalk appear to modulate the ability of the distal binding surface of the dimeric CD8 globular head domains to clamp MHCI
A Compact, Transportable, Microchip-Based System for High Repetition
  Rate Production of Bose-Einstein Condensates

We present a compact, transportable system that produces Bose-Einstein
condensates (BECs) near the surface of an integrated atom microchip. The system
occupies a volume of 0.4 m^3 and operates at a repetition rate as high as 0.3
Hz. Evaporative cooling in a chip trap with trap frequencies of several kHz
leads to nearly pure condensates containing 1.9x10^4 87Rb atoms. Partial
condensates are observed at a temperature of 1.58(8) \mu K, close to the
theoretical transition temperature of 1.1 \mu K.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure
Analytic formulas for topological degree of non-smooth mappings: the
  odd-dimensional case

The notion of topological degree is studied for mappings from the boundary of
a relatively compact strictly pseudo-convex domain in a Stein manifold into a
manifold in terms of index theory of Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space. The
index formalism of non-commutative geometry is used to derive analytic integral
formulas for the index of a Toeplitz operator with H\"older continuous symbol.
The index formula gives an analytic formula for the degree of a H\"older
continuous mapping from the boundary of a strictly pseudo-convex domain.Comment: 23 page
Cold dust around nearby stars (DUNES). First results: A resolved
  exo-Kuiper belt around the solar-like star zeta^2 Ret

We present the first far-IR observations of the solar-type stars delta Pav,
HR 8501, 51 Peg and zeta^2 Ret, taken within the context of the DUNES Herschel
Open Time Key Programme (OTKP). This project uses the PACS and SPIRE
instruments with the objective of studying infrared excesses due to exo-Kuiper
belts around nearby solar-type stars. The observed 100 um fluxes from delta
Pav, HR 8501, and 51 Peg agree with the predicted photospheric fluxes,
excluding debris disks brighter than Ldust/Lstar ~ 5 x 10^-7 (1 sigma level)
around those stars. A flattened, disk-like structure with a semi-major axis of
~ 100 AU in size is detected around zeta^2 Ret. The resolved structure suggests
the presence of an eccentric dust ring, which we interpret as an exo-Kuiper
belt with Ldust/Lstar ~ 10^-5.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Measurement of the in-medium phi-meson width in proton-nucleus
  collisions

The production of phi mesons in the collisions of 2.83 GeV protons with C,
Cu, Ag, and Au at forward angles has been measured via the phi -> K+K- decay
using the COSY-ANKE magnetic spectrometer. The phi meson production cross
section follows a target mass dependence of A^0.56+/-0.02 in the momentum
region of 0.6-1.6 GeV/c. The comparison of the data with model calculations
suggests that the in-medium phi width is about an order of magnitude larger
than its free value.Comment: 8 pages with 2 eps figure
Nearby early-type galaxies with ionized gas VI. The Spitzer-IRS view

We present low resolution Spitzer-IRS spectra of 40 ETGs, selected from a
sample of 65 ETGs showing emission lines in their optical spectra. We
homogeneously extract the mid-infrared (MIR) spectra, and after the proper
subtraction of a "passive" ETG template, we derive the intensity of the ionic
and molecular lines and of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission
features. We use MIR diagnostic diagrams to investigate the powering mechanisms
of the ionized gas. The mid-infrared spectra of early-type galaxies show a
variety of spectral characteristics. We empirically sub-divide the sample into
five classes of spectra with common characteristics. Class-0, accounting for
20% of the sample, are purely passive ETGs with neither emission lines nor PAH
features. Class-1 show emission lines but no PAH features, and account for
17.5% of the sample. Class-2, in which 50% of the ETGs are found, as well as
having emission lines, show PAH features with unusual ratios, e.g. 7.7
{\mu}m/11.3 {\mu}m \leq 2.3. Class-3 objects have emission lines and PAH
features with ratios typical of star-forming galaxies. 7.5% of objects fall in
this class, likely to be objects in a starburst/post-starburst regime. Class-4,
containing only 5% of the ETGs, is dominated by a hot dust continuum. The
diagnostic diagram [Ne III]15.55{\mu}m/[Ne II]12.8{\mu}m vs. [S
III]33.48{\mu}m/[Si II]34.82{\mu}m, is used to investigate the different
mechanisms ionizing the gas. If we exclude NGC 3258 where a starburst seems
present, most of our ETGs contain gas ionized via either AGN-like or shock
phenomena, or both. Most of the spectra in the present sample are classified as
LINERs in the optical window. The proposed MIR spectral classes show
unambiguously the manifold of the physical processes and ionization mechanisms,
from star formation, low level AGN activity, to shocks, present in LINER
nuclei.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Remarks on the Qin-Ma Parametrization of Quark Mixing Matrix

Recently, Qin and Ma (QM) have advocated a new Wolfenstein-like
parametrization of the quark mixing matrix based on the triminimal expansion of
the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) parametrization. The CP-odd phase in the QM
parametrization is around $90^\circ$ just as that in the CKM parametrization.
We point out that the QM parametrization can be readily obtained from the
Wolfenstein parametrization after appropriate phase redefinition for quark
fields and that the phase $\delta$ in both QM and CKM parametrizations is
related to the unitarity angles $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\gamma$, namely,
$\delta= \beta+\gamma$ or $\pi-\alpha$. We show that both QM and Wolfenstein
parametrizations can be deduced from the CKM and Chau-Keung-Maiani ones. By
deriving the QM parametrization from the Fritzsch-Xing (FX) parametrization of
the quark mixing matrix, we find that the phase of the FX form is in the
vicinity of $-270^\circ$ and hence $\sin\delta\approx 1$. We discuss the
seeming discrepancy between the Wolfenstein and QM parametrizations at the high
order of $\lambda\approx |V_{us}|$.Comment: 8 pages, a shortened version accepted by PL
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson using up to 4.9 fb-1
  of pp collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS
experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities
from 1.04 fb-1 to 4.9 fb-1 of pp collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is
presented. The Higgs boson mass ranges 112.9-115.5 GeV, 131-238 GeV and 251-466
GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL), while the range 124-519 GeV
is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is
observed around mH ~ 126 GeV with a local significance of 3.5 standard
deviations (sigma). The local significance of H -> gamma gamma, H -> ZZ(*) ->
lll'l' and H -> WW(*) -> lvl'v, the three most sensitive channels in this mass
range, are 2.8 sigma, 2.1 sigma and 1.4 sigma, respectively. The global
probability for the background to produce such a fluctuation anywhere in the
explored Higgs boson mass range 110-600 GeV is estimated to be ~1.4% or,
equivalently 2.2 sigma.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 4 figures, author list
  corrected, matches published version in PL
Integration in the GHP formalism III: Finding all conformally flat
  radiation metrics as an example of an `optimal situation'

Held has proposed an integration procedure within the GHP formalism built
around four real, functionally independent, zero-weighted scalars. He suggests
that such a procedure would be particularly simple for the `optimal situation',
when the formalism directly supplies the full quota of four scalars of this
type; a spacetime without any Killing vectors would be such a situation. Wils
has recently obtained a metric which he claims is the only conformally flat,
pure radiation metric which is not a plane wave; this metric has been shown by
Koutras to admit no Killing vectors, in general. Therefore, as a simple
illustration of the GHP integration procedure, we obtain systematically the
complete class of conformally flat, pure radiation metrics. Our result shows
that the conformally flat, pure radiation metrics, which are not plane waves,
are a larger class than Wils has obtained.Comment: 22 pages, plain Te
Momentum Correlations of Charmed Pairs Produced in $\pi^{-}-Cu$
  Interactions at 230 GeV/c

We study the production characteristics of 557 pairs of charmed hadrons
produced in $\pi^{-}-Cu$\ interactions at 230~GeV/c using a momentum estimator
for charmed hadrons with missing decay products. We find, the mean value of the
transverse momentum squared of the charmed pairs is $<$\pts$>=(1.98\pm 0.11\pm
0.09)\;$ GeV$^2$/c$^2$, the mean rapidity difference is $<|$\yd$|>=0.54\pm
0.02\pm 0.24$, and the mean effective mass is $<$\mef$>=(4.45\pm 0.03\pm
0.13)\;$ GeV/c$^2$. Comparing these results with the next-to-leading order QCD
predictions we find an agreement for the \yd\ and \mef, whilst the measured
mean value of \pts\ is significantly larger than the predicted value.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 4 (pages) postscript figure
Cross section of the reaction $e^+ e^- \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^- $ below
  1 GeV at CMD-2

Using 3.07 ${pb}^{-1}$ of data collected in the energy range 0.60-0.97 GeV by
CMD-2, about 150 events of the process $\epm \to \pch$ have been selected. The
energy dependence of the cross section agrees with the assumption of the
$a_1(1260) \pi$ intermediate state which is dominant above 1 GeV. For the first
time \fourpi events are observed at the $\rho$ meson energy. Under the
assumption that all these events come from the $\rho$ meson decay, the value of
the cross section at the $\rho$ meson peak corresponds to the following decay
width:
  \Gamma(\rho^0 \to \fourpi) = (2.8 \pm 1.4 \pm 0.5) {keV} or to the branching
ratio
  B(\rho^0 \to \fourpi) = (1.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 0.3) \cdot 10 ^{-5}.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Topological Charge Evolution in the Markov-Chain of QCD

The topological charge is studied on lattices of large physical volume and
fine lattice spacing. We illustrate how a parity transformation on the SU(3)
link-variables of lattice gauge configurations reverses the sign of the
topological charge and leaves the action invariant. Random applications of the
parity transformation are proposed to traverse from one topological charge sign
to the other. The transformation provides an improved unbiased estimator of the
ensemble average and is essential in improving the ergodicity of the Markov
chain process.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure