pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Highly Versatile Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Improving the Enzyme Replacement Therapy of Lysosomal Storage Disorders

Lysosomal storage disorders are currently treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) through the direct administration of the unprotected recombinant protein to the patients. Herein we present an ionically cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) composed of trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and α-galactosidase A (GLA), the defective enzyme in Fabry disease, with the capability of directly targeting endothelial cells by incorporating peptide ligands containing the RGD sequence. We assessed the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and hemocompatibility of RGD-targeted and untargeted PECs, the uptake by endothelial cells and the intracellular activity of PECs in cell culture models of Fabry disease. Moreover, we also explored the effect of different freeze-drying procedures in the overall activity of the PECs. Our results indicate that the use of integrin-binding RGD moiety within the PEC increases their uptake and the efficacy of the GLA enzyme, while the freeze-drying allows the activity of the therapeutic protein to remain intact. Overall, these results highlight the potential of TMC-based PECs as a highly versatile and feasible drug delivery system for improving the ERT of lysosomal storage disorders
Concentration of Symmetric Eigenfunctions

In this article we examine the concentration and oscillation effects developed by high-frequency eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in a compact Riemannian manifold. More precisely, we are interested in the structure of the possible invariant semiclassical measures obtained as limits of Wigner measures corresponding to eigenfunctions. These measures describe simultaneously the concentration and oscillation effects developed by a sequence of eigenfunctions. We present some results showing how to obtain invariant semiclassical measures from eigenfunctions with prescribed symmetries. As an application of these results, we give a simple proof of the fact that in a manifold of constant positive sectional curvature, every measure which is invariant by the geodesic flow is an invariant semiclassical measur
The economics of early social stratification

We develop an endogenous fertility model of social stratification with two hereditary classes: warriors and peasants. Our model shows that the extra cost warriors must incur to raise their children and to equip them for war is the key determinant of (1) the relative sizes of both classes, and (2) the warriors' economic privileges in terms of income and consumption. The higher the cost of warrior children, the greater the economic privileges of warriors will be, and the smaller the ratio of warriors to peasants will be. Historical evidence confirms this prediction.
The welfare cost of one-size-fit-all patent protection

To analyze the welfare gain from allowing for differentiated patent protection across sectors, this study develops a two-sector quality-ladder growth model in which patent breadth is a policy variable and derives the optimal patent breadth under two policy regimes. We show that (i) the optimal uniform patent breadth is a weighted average of the optimal sector-specific patent breadth, and (ii) the optimal sector-specific patent breadth is larger in the sector that has a larger market size and more technological opportunities. To derive the optimal policy, we allow for an arbitrary path of patent breadth and derive the optimal path by solving a Stackelberg differential game. We find that the optimal path of patent breadth under each regime is stationary, time-consistent and subgame perfect. Finally, we perform a numerical investigation and find that even a moderate degree of asymmetry across sectors can generate a significant welfare cost of uniform patent protection.
Corporate Tax Evasion: the Case for Specialists

We analyze the role of accounting specialists who help corporations evade/avoid taxes in a game of incomplete information played by a tax authority, corporate taxpayers, and an accounting specialist. In addition to a full equilibrium characterization, we establish that (i) marginal changes in enforcement are not effective when evasion/avoidance is pervasive; (ii) fi�nes on fi�rms as opposed to specialists are more effective in such situations; (iii) reducing auditing costs and increasing "creative accounting" costs are effective in curbing evasion when tax compliance is relatively high.
Patterns in US urban growth (1790–2000)

This paper reconsiders the evolution of the growth of American cities since 1790 in light of new theories of urban growth. Our null hypothesis for long-term growth is random growth. We obtain evidence supporting random growth against the alternative of mean reversion (convergence) in city sizes using panel unit root tests. We also examine mobility within the distribution to try to extract growth patterns different from the general unit root trend detected. We find evidence of high mobility when we model growth as a first-order Markov process. Finally, using a cluster procedure we find strong evidence in favor of conditional convergence in city growth rates within convergence clubs, which we interpret as “local” mean-reverting behaviors. We interpret the high mobility and the results of the clustering analysis as signs of a sequential city growth pattern.
Cross-ownership and stability in a Cournot duopoly

This paper analyses the dynamics of a Cournot duopoly under cross-ownership participation when players have heterogeneous, i.e. bounded rational and naïve, expectations. We find that when the shareholder that owns firm   also holds a percentage of firm  , the parametric stability region of the unique Cournot-Nash equilibrium is larger than when every firm is owned by a unique shareholder, and an increase in the fraction of shares that the shareholder that owns firm   has in firm   tends to stabilise the market equilibrium. Moreover, when products are (horizontally) differentiated, a rise in the fraction of shares of firm   held by the shareholder that owns firm   acts as an economic (de)stabiliser when products of variety   and   are (complements) substitutes between each other. The policy implication is that, despite on the one hand, cross-ownership acts as an anti-competitive device that indeed tends to reduce social welfare with the corresponding anti-trust consequences, on the other hand, it acts as an economic stabiliser (except when products are complements).
Single-order-parameter description of glass-forming liquids : A one-frequency test

Udgivelsesdato: 21 februarThermoviscoelastic linear-response functions are calculated from the master equation describing viscous liquid inherent dynamics. From the imaginary parts of the frequency-dependent isobaric specific heat, isothermal compressibility, and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, we define a "linear dynamic Prigogine-Defay ratio" with the property that if this ratio is unity at one frequency, then it is unity at all frequencies. This happens if and only if there is a single-order-parameter description of the thermoviscoelastic linear responses via an order parameter which may be nonexponential in time. Generalizations to other cases of thermodynamic control parameters than temperature and pressure are also presented
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in root s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration Contributor: Paul Douglas Jackson and Nitesh Soni of School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb⁻¹ of √s = 7TeV proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results.The ATLAS Collaboratio
Measurement of the W+W−production cross section in ppcollisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=13TeV with the ATLAS experiment

The production of opposite-charge W-boson pairs in proton–proton collisions at √s=13TeV is measured using data corresponding to 3.16fb−1of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015. Candidate W-boson pairs are selected by identifying their leptonic decays into an electron, a muon and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. The cross-section measurement is performed in a fiducial phase space close to the experimental acceptance and is compared to theoretical predictions. Agreement is found between the measurement and the most accurate calculations available
A genome-wide association study of Hodgkin's lymphoma identifies new susceptibility loci at 2p16.1 (REL), 8q24.21 and 10p14 (GATA3)

To identify susceptibility loci for classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), we conducted a genome-wide association study of 589 individuals with cHL (cases) and 5,199 controls with validation in four independent samples totaling 2,057 cases and 3,416 controls. We identified three new susceptibility loci at 2p16.1 (rs1432295, REL, odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, combined P = 1.91 × 10(-8)), 8q24.21 (rs2019960, PVT1, OR = 1.33, combined P = 1.26 × 10(-13)) and 10p14 (rs501764, GATA3, OR = 1.25, combined P = 7.05 × 10(-8)). Furthermore, we confirmed the role of the major histocompatibility complex in disease etiology by revealing a strong human leukocyte antigen (HLA) association (rs6903608, OR = 1.70, combined P = 2.84 × 10(-50)). These data provide new insight into the pathogenesis of cHL
Citizen science provides a reliable and scalable tool\ud
to track disease-carrying mosquitoes

Recent outbreaks of Zika, chikungunya and dengue highlight the importance of better understanding the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across multiple spatio-temporal scales. Traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries and cost constraints. Here we show how a scalable citizen science system can solve this problem by combining citizen scientists’ observations with expert validation and correcting for sampling effort. Our system provides accurate early warning information about the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) invasion in Spain, well beyond that available from traditional methods, and vital for public health services. It also provides estimates of tiger mosquito risk comparable to those from traditional methods but more directly related to the human–mosquito encounters that are relevant for epidemiological modelling and scalable enough to cover the entire country. These results illustrate how powerful public participation in science can be and suggest citizen science is positioned to revolutionize mosquito-borne disease surveillance worldwide
Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1.7 million men and women

Background: In 2011, WHO member states signed up to the 25 × 25 initiative, a plan to cut mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 25% by 2025. However, socioeconomic factors influencing non-communicable diseases have not been included in the plan. In this study, we aimed to compare the contribution of socioeconomic status to mortality and years-of-life-lost with that of the 25 × 25 conventional risk factors.
Methods: We did a multicohort study and meta-analysis with individual-level data from 48 independent prospective cohort studies with information about socioeconomic status, indexed by occupational position, 25 × 25 risk factors (high alcohol intake, physical inactivity, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity), and mortality, for a total population of 1 751 479 (54% women) from seven high-income WHO member countries. We estimated the association of socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality by calculating minimally adjusted and mutually adjusted hazard ratios [HR] and 95% CIs. We also estimated the population attributable fraction and the years of life lost due to suboptimal risk factors.
Findings: During 26·6 million person-years at risk (mean follow-up 13·3 years [SD 6·4 years]), 310 277 participants died. HR for the 25 × 25 risk factors and mortality varied between 1·04 (95% CI 0·98–1·11) for obesity in men and 2 ·17 (2·06–2·29) for current smoking in men. Participants with low socioeconomic status had greater mortality compared with those with high socioeconomic status (HR 1·42, 95% CI 1·38–1·45 for men; 1·34, 1·28–1·39 for women); this association remained significant in mutually adjusted models that included the 25 × 25 factors (HR 1·26, 1·21–1·32, men and women combined). The population attributable fraction was highest for smoking, followed by physical inactivity then socioeconomic status. Low socioeconomic status was associated with a 2·1-year reduction in life expectancy between ages 40 and 85 years, the corresponding years-of-life-lost were 0·5 years for high alcohol intake, 0·7 years for obesity, 3·9 years for diabetes, 1·6 years for hypertension, 2·4 years for physical inactivity, and 4·8 years for current smoking.
Interpretation: Socioeconomic circumstances, in addition to the 25 × 25 factors, should be targeted by local and global health strategies and health risk surveillance to reduce mortality.European Commission, Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Swiss National Science Foundation, the Medical Research Council, NordForsk, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology
The Gaia -ESO Survey: Double-, triple-, and quadruple-line spectroscopic binary candidates

Indexación: Scopus.Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large spectroscopic survey that provides a unique opportunity to study the distribution of spectroscopic multiple systems among different populations of the Galaxy. Aims. Our aim is to detect binarity/multiplicity for stars targeted by the GES from the analysis of the cross-correlation functions (CCFs) of the GES spectra with spectral templates. Methods. We developed a method based on the computation of the CCF successive derivatives to detect multiple peaks and determine their radial velocities, even when the peaks are strongly blended. The parameters of the detection of extrema (doe) code have been optimized for each GES GIRAFFE and UVES setup to maximize detection. The doe code therefore allows to automatically detect multiple line spectroscopic binaries (SBn, n ≥ 2). Results. We apply this method on the fourth GES internal data release and detect 354 SBn candidates (342 SB2, 11 SB3, and even one SB4), including only nine SBs known in the literature. This implies that about 98% of these SBn candidates are new because of their faint visual magnitude that can reach V = 19. Visual inspection of the SBn candidate spectra reveals that the most probable candidates have indeed a composite spectrum. Among the SB2 candidates, an orbital solution could be computed for two previously unknown binaries: CNAME 06404608+0949173 (known as V642 Mon) in NGC 2264 and CNAME 19013257-0027338 in Berkeley 81 (Be 81). A detailed analysis of the unique SB4 (four peaks in the CCF) reveals that CNAME 08414659-5303449 (HD 74438) in the open cluster IC 2391 is a physically bound stellar quadruple system. The SB candidates belonging to stellar clusters are reviewed in detail to discard false detections. We suggest that atmospheric parameters should not be used for these system components; SB-specific pipelines should be used instead. Conclusions. Our implementation of an automatic detection of spectroscopic binaries within the GES has allowed the efficient discovery of many new multiple systems. With the detection of the SB1 candidates that will be the subject of a forthcoming paper, the study of the statistical and physical properties of the spectroscopic multiple systems will soon be possible for the entire GES sample.https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2017/12/aa30442-17/aa30442-17.htm
Production of erythrocytes from directly isolated or Delta1 Notch ligand expanded CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells: process characterization, monitoring and implications for manufacture

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Background aims: Economic ex vivo manufacture of erythrocytes at 10 cell doses requires an efficiently controlled bio-process capable of extensive proliferation and high terminal density. High-resolution characterization of the process would identify production strategies for increased efficiency, monitoring and control. Methods: CD34 cord blood cells or equivalent cells that had been pre-expanded for 7 days with Delta1 Notch ligand were placed in erythroid expansion and differentiation conditions in a micro-scale ambr suspension bioreactor. Multiple culture parameters were varied, and phenotype markers and metabolites measured to identify conserved trends and robust monitoring markers. Results: The cells exhibited a bi-modal erythroid differentiation pattern with an erythroid marker peak after 2 weeks and 3 weeks of culture; differentiation was comparatively weighted toward the second peak in Delta1 pre-expanded cells. Both differentiation events were strengthened by omission of stem cell factor and dexamethasone. The cumulative cell proliferation and death, or directly measured CD45 expression, enabled monitoring of proliferative rate of the cells. The metabolic activities of the cultures (glucose, glutamine and ammonia consumption or production) were highly variable but exhibited systematic change synchronized with the change in differentiation state. Conclusions: Erythroid differentiation chronology is partly determined by the heterogeneous CD34 progenitor compartment with implications for input control; Delta1 ligand-mediated progenitor culture can alter differentiation profile with control benefits for engineering production strategy. Differentiation correlated changes in cytokine response, markers and metabolic state will enable scientifically designed monitoring and timing of manufacturing process steps. © 2013 International Society for Cellular Therapy
Structures and stabilities of doubly charged  (MgO) n(Mg)+1  n=1–29  cluster ions

Producción CientíficaAb initio perturbed ion plus polarization calculations are reported for doubly charged
nonstoichiometric (MgO)nMg21 (n=1 – 29) cluster ions. We consider a large number of isomers
with full relaxations of the geometries, and add the correlation correction to the Hartree–Fock
energies for all cluster sizes. The polarization contribution is included at a semiempirical level also
for all cluster sizes. Comparison is made with theoretical results for neutral (MgO)n clusters and
singly charged alkali–halide cluster ions. Our method is also compared to phenomenological pair
potential models in order to assess their reliability for calculations on small ionic systems. The large
coordination-dependent polarizabilities of oxide anions favor the formation of surface sites, and thus
bulk-like structures begin to dominate only after n524. The relative stabilities of the cluster ions
against evaporation of an MgO molecule show variations that are in excellent agreement with the
experimental abundance spectr
The impact of regional disparities on economic growth

This paper sought to investigate how economic growth affects the disparity in regional income distribution in Poland and vice versa. The research was based on annual data covering the period 2000–2009. In general, the research was divided into two main parts. First, we wanted to examine the evolution of the level of spatial income inequality in Poland over the last decade using the concepts of sigma– and beta–convergence. Second, we wanted to test the nature of causal dependences between this inequality and economic growth.
In the first part of the research we found that Polish regions did not converge with respect to the income distribution as total GDP grew. The second part of the research provided evidence to claim that this inequality Granger caused growth. Moreover, we also found evidence that growth affected regional inequality. Finally, we noticed that the effects of both these links were positive.
The outcomes of this paper suggest that in the consequence of the rapid economic growth some regions in Poland seized new opportunities, while less developed regions were unable to keep up with the challenging requirements of a decade of fast economic growth.
Observations of the magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586 with the MAGIC telescopes (Research Note)

Context. Magnetars are an extreme, highly magnetized class of isolated neutron stars whose large X-ray luminosity is believed to be driven by their high magnetic field. Aims. We study for the first time the possible very high energy gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV from magnetars, observing the sources 4U 0142+ 61 and 1E 2259+586. Methods. We observed the two sources with atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in the very high energy range (E > 100 GeV). 4U0142+61 was observed with the MAGIC I telescope in 2008 for about 25 h and 1E 2259+586 was observed with the MAGIC stereoscopic system in 2010 for about 14 h. The data were analyzed with the standard MAGIC analysis software. Results. Neither magnetar was detected. Upper limits to the differential and integral flux above 200 GeV were computed using the Rolke algorithm. We obtain integral upper limits to the flux of 1.52 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) and 2.7 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) with a confidence level of 95% for 4U 0142+ 61 and 1E 2259+586, respectively. The resulting differential upper limits are presented together with X-ray data and upper limits in the GeV energy range
On Verifiable Sufficient Conditions for Sparse Signal Recovery via
  $\ell_1$ Minimization

We propose novel necessary and sufficient conditions for a sensing matrix to
be "$s$-good" - to allow for exact $\ell_1$-recovery of sparse signals with $s$
nonzero entries when no measurement noise is present. Then we express the error
bounds for imperfect $\ell_1$-recovery (nonzero measurement noise, nearly
$s$-sparse signal, near-optimal solution of the optimization problem yielding
the $\ell_1$-recovery) in terms of the characteristics underlying these
conditions. Further, we demonstrate (and this is the principal result of the
paper) that these characteristics, although difficult to evaluate, lead to
verifiable sufficient conditions for exact sparse $\ell_1$-recovery and to
efficiently computable upper bounds on those $s$ for which a given sensing
matrix is $s$-good. We establish also instructive links between our approach
and the basic concepts of the Compressed Sensing theory, like Restricted
Isometry or Restricted Eigenvalue properties
Gluon saturation and entropy production in proton proton collisions

We study properties of high energy factorisable gluon densities focusing on
saturation effects. In particular we show that the property of saturation of
unintegrated gluon density allows for introduction of thermodynamical entropy
associated with production of gluons. This is due to the observation that
saturation scale acts like a mass of a gluon which related with temperature via
thermodynamical relations allows for calculations of entropy. We also show that
obtained entropy behaves like multiplicity of produced gluons.Comment: Section 4 rewritten. Accepted for publication in Physics Letters