pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of W-pair production in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at 189 GeV

The production of W-pairs is analysed in a data samplecollected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 188.6 GeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 174.2 pb^-1. Crosssections are given for different topologies of W decays intoleptons or hadrons. Combining all final states and assumingStandard Model branching fractions, the total W-pair cross sectionis measured to be 15.71 +- 0.34 (stat) +- 0.18 (syst) pb.Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lowercentre-of-mass energies, the decay branching fraction of the W bosoninto hadrons is measured to be BR (W > hadrons) = 66.97+- 0.65 (stat) +- 0.32 (syst) %, allowing a determination of theCKM matrix element |V(cs)|= 0.951 +- 0.030 (stat) +- 0.015 (syst).The production of W-pairs is analysed in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 188.6 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 174.2 pb^-1. Cross sections are given for different topologies of W decays into leptons or hadrons. Combining all final states and assuming Standard Model branching fractions, the total W-pair cross section is measured to be 15.71 +- 0.34 (stat) +- 0.18 (syst) pb. Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lower centre-of-mass energies, the decay branching fraction of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be BR (W > hadrons) = 66.97 +- 0.65 (stat) +- 0.32 (syst) %, allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element |V(cs)|= 0.951 +- 0.030 (stat) +- 0.015 (syst).The production of W + W − pairs is analysed in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 188.6 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 174.2 pb −1 . Cross sections are given for different topologies of W decays into leptons or hadrons. Combining all final states and assuming Standard Model branching fractions, the total W-pair cross section is measured to be 15.71±0.34 (stat.) ±0.18 (syst.) pb . Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lower centre-of-mass energies, the decay branching fraction of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be B(W→hadrons)=66.97±0.65(stat.)±0.32(syst.)%, allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element | V cs |=0.951±0.030(stat.)±0.015(syst.)
On Fractional Instanton Numbers in Six Dimensional Heterotic E_8 x E_8 Orbifolds

We show how the level matching condition in six dimensional, abelian and supersymmetric orbifolds of the E_8 x E_8 heterotic string can be given equivalently in terms of fractional gauge and gravitational instanton numbers. This relation is used to restate the classification of the orbifolds in terms of flat bundles away from the orbifold singularities under the constraint of the level matching condition. In an outlook these results are applied to Kaluza-Klein monopoles of the heterotic string on S^1 in Wilson line backgrounds
Can Hawking temperatures be negative ?

It has been widely believed that the Hawking temperature for a black hole is
$uniquely$ determined by its metric and $positive$. But, I find that this does
``not'' seem to be true in the recently discovered black holes which include
the exotic black holes and the black holes in the three-dimensional higher
curvature gravities. I show that the Hawking temperatures, which are measured
by the quantum fields in thermal equilibrium with the black holes, are $not$
the usual Hawking temperature but the $new$ temperatures that have been
proposed recently and can be $negative$. The associated new entropy formulae,
which are defined by the first law of thermodynamics, versus the black hole
masses show some genuine effects of the black holes which do not occur in the
spin systems. Some cosmological implications and physical origin of the
discrepancy with the standard analysis are noted also.Comment: Some more explanations about the boundary stress- tensor and CFT
  generators added, References added, Accepted in PL
Non-Abelian Anomalies and Effective Actions for a Homogeneous Space
  $G/H$

We consider the problem of constructing the fully gauged effective action in
$2n$-dimensional space-time for Nambu-Goldstone bosons valued in a homogeneous
space $G/H$, with the requirement that the action be a solution of the
anomalous Ward identity and be invariant under the gauge transformations of
$H$. We show that this can be done whenever the homotopy group $\pi_{2n}(G/H)$
is trivial, $G/H$ is reductive and $H$ is embedded in $G$ so as to be anomaly
free, in particular if $H$ is an anomaly safe group. We construct the necessary
generalization of the Bardeen counterterm and give explicit forms for the
anomaly and the effective action. When $G/H$ is a symmetric space the
counterterm and the anomaly decompose into a parity even and a parity odd part.
In this case, for the parity even part of the action, one does not need the
anomaly free embedding of $H$.Comment: revise
Evidence for partial chiral symmetry restoration from pionic atoms

Extensive data on strong interaction effects in pionic atoms are analyzed
with a density-dependent isovector scattering amplitude suggested recently by
Weise to result from a density dependence of the pion decay constant. Most of
the so-called `missing s-wave repulsion' is removed when adopting this
approach, thus indicating a partial chiral symmetry restoration in dense
matter. The resulting potentials describe quite well also elastic scattering of
20 MeV pions on Ca. Further tests with elastic scattering are desirable.Comment: minor revision (added references), 10 pages, 3 figure
Non-regularity in H\"older and Sobolev spaces of solutions to the
  semilinear heat and Schr\"odinger equations

In this paper we study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear heat and
Schr\"odinger equations, with the nonlinear term $ f ( u ) = \lambda |u|^\alpha
u$. We show that low regularity of $f$ (i.e., $\alpha >0$ but small) limits the
regularity of any possible solution for a certain class of smooth initial data.
We employ two different methods, which yield two different types of results. On
the one hand, we consider the semilinear equation as a perturbation of the ODE
$w_t= f(w)$. This yields in particular an optimal regularity result for the
semilinear heat equation in H\"older spaces. In addition, this approach yields
ill-posedness results for NLS in certain $H^s$ spaces, which depend on the
smallness of $\alpha $ rather than the scaling properties of the equation. Our
second method is to consider the semilinear equation as a perturbation of the
linear equation via Duhamel's formula. This yields in particular that if
$\alpha $ is sufficiently small and $N$ sufficiently large, then the nonlinear
heat equation is ill-posed in $H^s ({\mathbb R}^N ) $ for all $s\ge 0$
Hybrid approaches for multiple-species stochastic reaction-diffusion
  models

Reaction-diffusion models are used to describe systems in fields as diverse
as physics, chemistry, ecology and biology. The fundamental quantities in such
models are individual entities such as atoms and molecules, bacteria, cells or
animals, which move and/or react in a stochastic manner. If the number of
entities is large, accounting for each individual is inefficient, and often
partial differential equation (PDE) models are used in which the stochastic
behaviour of individuals is replaced by a description of the averaged, or mean
behaviour of the system. In some situations the number of individuals is large
in certain regions and small in others. In such cases, a stochastic model may
be inefficient in one region, and a PDE model inaccurate in another. To
overcome this problem, we develop a scheme which couples a stochastic
reaction-diffusion system in one part of the domain with its mean field
analogue, i.e. a discretised PDE model, in the other part of the domain. The
interface in between the two domains occupies exactly one lattice site and is
chosen such that the mean field description is still accurate there. This way
errors due to the flux between the domains are small. Our scheme can account
for multiple dynamic interfaces separating multiple stochastic and
deterministic domains, and the coupling between the domains conserves the total
number of particles. The method preserves stochastic features such as
extinction not observable in the mean field description, and is significantly
faster to simulate on a computer than the pure stochastic model.Comment: 38 pages, 8 figure
Sensitivity of tropical deep convection in global models :
                    effects of horizontal resolution, surface constraints and 3D atmospheric nudging

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedWe investigate the ability of global models to capture the spatial patterns of tropical deep convection. Their sensitivity is assessed through changing horizontal resolution, surface flux constraints, and constraining background atmospheric conditions. We assess two models at typical climate and weather forecast resolutions. Comparison with observations indicates that increasing resolution generally improves the pattern of tropical convection. When the models are constrained with realistic surface fluxes and atmospheric structure, the location of convection improves dramatically and is very similar irrespective of resolution and parameterizations used in the model
The Hawk-I UDS and GOODS survey (HUGS) : survey design and deep K-band number counts

A.F. and J.S.D. acknowledge the contribution of the EC FP7 SPACE project ASTRODEEP (Ref. No: 312725). J.S.D. also acknowledges the support of the Royal Society via a Wolfson Research Merit Award, and the support of the ERC through an Advanced Grant. D.C.K. and S.M.F. were supported by US NSF grant AST08-08133. V.W. acknowledges support of the ERC through the starting grant SEDmorph. R.J.M. acknowledges ERC funding via the award of a consolidator grant.We present the results of a new, ultra-deep, near-infrared imaging survey executed with the Hawk-I imager at the ESO VLT, of which we make all the data (images and catalog) public. This survey, named HUGS (Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey), provides deep, high-quality imaging in the K and Y bands over the portions of the UKIDSS UDS and GOODS-South fields covered by the CANDELS HST WFC3/IR survey. In this paper we describe the survey strategy, the observational campaign, the data reduction process, and the data quality. We show that, thanks to exquisite image quality and extremely long exposure times, HUGS delivers the deepest K-band images ever collected over areas of cosmological interest, and in general ideally complements the CANDELS data set in terms of image quality and depth. In the GOODS-S field, the K-band observations cover the whole CANDELS area with a complex geometry made of 6 different, partly overlapping pointings, in order to best match the deep and wide areas of CANDELS imaging. In the deepest region (which includes most of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field) exposure times exceed 80 hours of integration, yielding a 1-σ magnitude limit per square arcsec of 28.0 AB mag. The seeing is exceptional and homogeneous across the various pointings, confined to the range 0.38-0.43 arcsec. In the UDS field the survey is about one magnitude shallower (to match the correspondingly shallower depth of the CANDELS images) but includes also Y-band band imaging (which, in the UDS, was not provided by the CANDELS WFC3/IR imaging). In the K-band, with an average exposure time of 13 hours, and seeing in the range 0.37-0.43 arcsec, the 1-σ limit per square arcsec in the UDS imaging is 27.3 AB mag. In the Y-band, with an average exposure time 8 h, and seeing in the range 0.45-0.5 arcsec, the imaging yields a 1-σ limit per square arcsec of 28.3 AB mag. We show that the HUGS observations are well matched to the depth of the CANDELS WFC3/IR data, since the majority of even the faintest galaxies detected in the CANDELS H-band images are also detected in HUGS. Finally we present the K-band galaxy number counts produced by combining the HUGS data from the two fields. We show that the slope of the number counts depends sensitively on the assumed distribution of galaxy sizes, with potential impact on the estimated extra-galactic background light.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Mean univariate- GARCH VaR portfolio optimization: actual portfolio approach

In accordance with Basel Capital Accords, the Capital Requirements (CR) for market risk exposure of banks is a nonlinear function of Value-at-Risk (VaR). Importantly, the CR is calculated based on a bank’s actual portfolio, i.e. the portfolio represented by its current holdings. To tackle mean-VaR portfolio optimization within the actual portfolio framework (APF), we propose a novel mean-VaR optimization method where VaR is estimated using a univariate Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) volatility model. The optimization was performed by employing a Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). On a sample of 40 large US stocks, our procedure provided superior mean-VaR trade-offs compared to those obtained from applying more customary mean-multivariate GARCH and historical VaR models. The results hold true in both low and high volatility samples
Massive Boson Production at Small qT in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

We study the differential cross sections for electroweak gauge-boson and Higgs production at small and very small transverse-momentum qT. Large logarithms are resummed using soft-collinear effective theory. The collinear anomaly generates a non-perturbative scale q⁎, which protects the processes from receiving large long-distance hadronic contributions. A numerical comparison of our predictions with data on the transverse-momentum distribution in Z-boson production at the Tevatron and LHC is given
Measurement of the electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z-boson and distributions sensitive to vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements of fiducial cross sections for the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z-boson are presented. The measurements are performed using 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of p s = 8TeV\ud
by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The electroweak component is extracted by a fit to the dijet invariant mass distribution in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution over the dominant background in which the jets are produced via the strong interaction. The electroweak cross sections measured in two fiducial regions are in good agreement with the Standard Model expectations and the background-only hypothesis is rejected with significance above the 5ơ level. The electroweak process includes the vector boson fusion production of a Z-boson and the data are used to place limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings. In addition, measurements of cross sections and differential distributions for inclusive Z-boson-plus-dijet production are performed in five fiducial regions, each with different sensitivity to the electroweak contribution. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to predictions from the Sherpa and Powheg event generators
Associated $ZH$ production at hadron colliders: The fully differential NNLO QCD calculation

We consider Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a Z boson in hadron collisions. We present a fully exclusive computation of QCD radiative corrections up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). Our calculation includes the Higgs boson decay to bottom quarks (b) in next-to-leading order QCD and the leptonic decay of the Z boson with finite-width effects and spin correlations. The computation is implemented in a parton level Monte Carlo program that makes possible to consider arbitrary kinematical cuts on the final-state leptons, the b jets and the associated QCD radiation, and to compute the corresponding distributions in the form of bin histograms. We assess the impact of QCD radiative effects in the boosted kinematics at the LHC and show that the inclusion of the NNLO corrections is crucial to control the pT spectrum of the Higgs boson candidate
Search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and top squarks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and supersymmetric top quark partners, top squarks, in final states involving tau leptons and bottom quarks is presented. The search uses events from a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC with sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the expected standard model background. Third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming a 100% branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark. In addition, this mass limit applies directly to top squarks decaying via an R-parity violating coupling lambda'[333]. The search also considers a similar signature from top squarks undergoing a chargino-mediated decay involving the R-parity violating coupling lambda'[3jk]. Each top squark decays to a tau lepton, a bottom quark, and two light quarks. Top squarks in this model with masses below 580 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The constraint on the leptoquark mass is the most stringent to date, and this is the first search for top squarks decaying via lambda'[3jk]
On the marginally relevant operator in z = 2 Lifshitz holography

We study holographic renormalization and RG flow in a strongly-coupled Lifshitz-type theory in 2 + 1 dimensions with dynamical exponent z = 2. The bottom-up gravity dual we use is 3 + 1 dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a massive vector field. This model contains a marginally relevant operator around the Lifshitz fixed point. We show how holographic renormalization works in the presence of this marginally relevant operator without the need to introduce explicitly cutoff-dependent counterterms. A simple closed-form expression is found for the renormalized on-shell action. We also discuss how asymptotically Lifshitz geometries flow to AdS in the interior due to the marginally relevant operator. We study the behavior of the renormalized entanglement entropy and confirm that it decreases monotonically along the Lifshitz-to-AdS RG flow
Collectivity in A ∼ 70 nuclei studied via lifetime measurements in 70 Br and 68,70 Se

Transition strengths for decays from low-lying states in A ∼ 70 nuclei have been deduced from lifetime measurements using the recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The results confirm the collectivity previously reported for the <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msubsup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">gs</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> decay in 68 Se and reveal a relative decrease in collectivity in 70 Br. This trend is reproduced by shell model calculations using the GXPF1A interaction in an fp model space including the Coulomb, spin-orbit and isospin non-conserving interactions. The <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> decay in 70 Br is found to have a very small B(M1) value, which is consistent with the configuration of the state being dominated by the coupling of <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>5</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msub></math> protons and neutrons. The results suggest that the <math altimg="si4.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>9</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac></mrow></msub></math> orbit does not play an important role at low spin in these nuclei. The B(E2) values for the decays of the (T = 1) <math altimg="si5.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> states in 70 Br and 70 Se are almost identical, suggesting there is no major shape change between the two nuclei at low spin
Distributed SUSY breaking: dark energy, Newton’s law and the LHC

We identify the underlying symmetry mechanism that suppresses the low-energy effective 4D cosmological constant within some 6D supergravity models, generically leading to results suppressed by powers of the KK scale, m K K 2 , relative to the much larger size, m 4 , associated with mass- m particles localized in these models on codimension-2 branes. These models are examples for which the local conditions for unbroken supersymmetry can be satisfied locally everywhere within the extra dimensions, but are obstructed only by global conditions like flux quantization or by the mutual inconsistency of the boundary conditions required at the various branes. Consequently quantities (like vacuum energies) forbidden by supersymmetry cannot become nonzero until wavelengths of order the KK scale are integrated out, since only such long wavelength modes can see the entire space and so ‘know’ that supersymmetry has broken. We verify these arguments by extending earlier rugby-ball calculations of one-loop vacuum energies within these models to more general pairs of branes within two warped extra dimensions. For the Standard Model confined to one of two otherwise identical branes, the predicted effective 4D vacuum energy density is of order ρ vac ⋍ C ( mM g / 4 πM p ) 4 = C (5 . 6 × 10 −5 eV) 4 , where M g ≳ 10 TeV (corresponding to extra-dimensional size r ≲ 1 μ m) and M p = 2 . 44 × 10 18 GeV are the 6D and 4D rationalized Planck scales, and m is the heaviest brane-localized particle. (For numerical purposes we take m to be the top-quark mass and take M g as small as possible, consistent with energy-loss bounds from supernovae.) C is a constant depending on the details of the bulk spectrum, which could easily be of order 500 for each of hundreds of fields in the bulk. The value C ∼ 6 × 10 6 would give the observed Dark Energy density
Holography of wrapped M5-branes and Chern–Simons theory

We study three-dimensional superconformal field theories on wrapped M5-branes. Applying the gauge/gravity duality and the recently proposed 3d–3d relation, we deduce quantitative predictions for the perturbative free energy of a Chern–Simons theory on hyperbolic 3-space. Remarkably, the perturbative expansion is expected to terminate at two-loops in the large N limit. We check the correspondence numerically in a number of examples, and confirm the <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math> scaling with precise coefficients