pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Non-Perturbative Properties of Heterotic String Vacua Compactified on
  ${K3\times T^2}$

Using the heterotic--type II duality of $N=2$ string vacua in four space-time
dimensions we study non-perturbative couplings of toroidally compactified
six-dimensional heterotic vacua. In particular, the heterotic--heterotic
$S$-duality and the Coulomb branch of tensor multiplets observed in six
dimensions are studied from a four-dimensional point of view. We explicitly
compute the couplings of the vector multiplets of several type II vacua and
investigate the implications for their heterotic duals.Comment: 39 pages, harvmac, 4 figures, minor changes, version to appear in
  Nucl.Phys.
Redundant Picard-Fuchs system for Abelian integrals

We derive an explicit system of Picard-Fuchs differential equations satisfied
by Abelian integrals of monomial forms and majorize its coefficients. A
peculiar feature of this construction is that the system admitting such
explicit majorants, appears only in dimension approximately two times greater
than the standard Picard-Fuchs system.
  The result is used to obtain a partial solution to the tangential Hilbert
16th problem. We establish upper bounds for the number of zeros of arbitrary
Abelian integrals on a positive distance from the critical locus. Under the
additional assumption that the critical values of the Hamiltonian are distant
from each other (after a proper normalization), we were able to majorize the
number of all (real and complex) zeros.
  In the second part of the paper an equivariant formulation of the above
problem is discussed and relationships between spread of critical values and
non-homogeneity of uni- and bivariate complex polynomials are studied.Comment: 31 page, LaTeX2e (amsart
Groups and Lie algebras corresponding to the Yang-Baxter equations

For a positive integer n we introduce quadratic Lie algebras tr_n qtr_n and
discrete groups Tr_n, QTr_n naturally associated with the classical and quantum
Yang-Baxter equation, respectively. We prove that the universal enveloping
algebras of the Lie algebras tr_n, qtr_n are Koszul, and find their Hilbert
series. We also compute the cohomology rings of these Lie algebras (which by
Koszulity are the quadratic duals of the enveloping algebras). We construct
cell complexes which are classifying spaces of the groups Tr_n and QTr_n, and
show that the boundary maps in them are zero, which allows us to compute the
integral cohomology of these groups. We show that the Lie algebras tr_n, qtr_n
map onto the associated graded algebras of the Malcev Lie algebras of the
groups Tr_n, QTr_n, respectively. We conjecture that this map is actually an
isomorphism (this is now a theorem due to P. Lee). At the same time, we show
that the groups Tr_n and QTr_n are not formal for n>3.Comment: Errors pointed out by P. Lee corrected. Proposition 5.1 in the
  previous version was incorrect, so Theorems 2.3 and 8.5 and Proposition 6.1
  were proved incorrectly. In the current version, Propositions 5.1 and 6.1 are
  deleted and Theorems 2.3, 8.5 are stated as conjectures. They were proved by
  Peter Lee, along with Conjectures 2.4 and 8.6 of the previous versio
Normal forms for the G_2-action on the real symmetric 7x7-matrices by
  conjugation

The exceptional Lie group G_2 acts on the set of real symmetric 7x7-matrices
by conjugation. We solve the normal form problem for this group action. In view
of earlier results, this gives rise to a classification of all
finite-dimensional real flexible division algebras. By a classification is
meant a list of pairwise non-isomorphic algebras, exhausting all isomorphism
classes.
  We also give a parametrisation of the set of all real symmetric matrices,
based on eigenvalues.Comment: 23 pages. Made typographical update in accordance with the final,
  published versio
Proton-Proton Fusion in Effective Field Theory to Fifth Order

The proton-proton fusion process p p->d e^+ nu_e is calculated at threshold
to fifth order in pionless effective field theory. There are two unknown
two-body currents contributing at the second and fourth orders. Combined with
the previous results for neutrino-deuteron and antineutrino-deuteron
scattering, computed to third order in the same approach, we conclude that a
10% measurement of reactor antineutrino-deuteron scattering measurement could
constrain the p p->d e^+ nu_e rate to ~7% while a ~3% measurement of nu_e d->
e^- p p could constrain the pp rate to ~2%.Comment: 9 page
The Origin of Ancient Magnetic Activity on Small Planetary Bodies: A Nanopaleomagnetic Study

The magnetic remanence stored within meteorites represents a window into the struc-\ud
tural, dynamic and thermochemical conditions that prevailed within small planetary\ud
bodies (<1000 km radius) during the early solar system. Paleomagnetic measurements\ud
indicate that many meteorites recorded a vestige of ancient planetary magnetic ﬁelds,\ud
indicating that numerous small bodies contained, at one time, molten metallic cores that\ud
convected to generate dynamo activity. However, the temporal evolution of these ﬁelds\ud
has remained elusive, thus the thermochemical conditions that governed this activity are\ud
uncertain. Also, the nm- and µm-scale magnetic and structural properties of the reman-\ud
ence carriers are largely unstudied, thus their capabilities as paleomagnetic recorders are\ud
unknown
The Dark Matter Distribution in the Spiral $NGC~3198$ out to 0.22
  $R_{vir}$

We use recent very extended HI kinematics (out to 48 kpc) along with previous
H$\alpha$ kinematics of the spiral galaxy NGC 3198 in order to derive its
distribution of dark matter (DM). First, we used a chi-square method to model
the rotation curve (RC) of this galaxy in terms of different profiles of its DM
distribution: the universal rotation curve (URC) mass model (stellar disk $+$
Burkert halo $+$ gaseous disk), the NFW mass model (stellar disk $+$ NFW halo
$+$ gaseous disk) and the baryon $\Lambda$CDM mass model (stellar disk $+$ NFW
halo modified by baryonic physics $+$ gaseous disk). Second, to derive the DM
halo density distribution, we applied a new method that does not require a
global and often uncertain mass modelling. While according to the standard
method, both URC and NFW mass models can account for the RC, the new method
instead leads to a density profile that is sharply disagrees with the dark halo
density distribution predicted within the Lambda cold dark matter
($\Lambda$CDM) scenario. We find that the effects of baryonic physics modify
the original $\Lambda$CDM halo densities in such a way that the resulting
profile is more compatible with the DM density of NGC 3198 derived using our
new method. However, at large distances, r $\sim$ 25 kpc, also this modified
baryon $\Lambda$CDM halo profile appears to create a tension with the derived
DM halo density.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, 1 table Updated to match A&A versio
Enhancement of the $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ vertex in the three scalar doublet
  model

We compute one-loop induced trilinear vertices with physical charged Higgs
bosons $H^\pm$ and ordinary gauge bosons, i.e., $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ and $H^\pm
W^\mp \gamma$, in the model with two active plus one inert scalar doublet
fields under a $Z_2(\text{unbroken})\times \tilde{Z}_2(\text{softly-broken})$
symmetry. The $Z_2$ and $\tilde{Z}_2$ symmetries are introduced to guarantee
the stability of a dark matter candidate and to forbid the flavour changing
neutral current at the tree level, respectively. The dominant form factor $F_Z$
of the $H^\pm W^\mp Z$ vertex can be enhanced by non-decoupling effects of
extra scalar boson loop contributions. We find that, in such a model, $|F_Z|^2$
can be one order of magnitude larger than that predicted in two Higgs doublet
models under the constraints from vacuum stability, perturbative unitarity and
the electroweak precision observables. In addition, the branching fraction of
the $H^\pm \to W^\pm Z$ $(H^\pm \to W^\pm \gamma)$ mode can be of order
10~(1)\% level when the mass of $H^\pm$ is below the top quark mass. Such a
light $H^\pm$ is allowed by the so-called Type-I and Type-X Yukawa interactions
which appear under the classification of the $\tilde{Z}$ charge assignment of
the quarks and leptons. We also calculate the cross sections for the processes
$H^\pm \to W^\pm Z$ and $H^\pm \to W^\pm \gamma$ onset by the top quark decay
$t\to H^\pm b$ and electroweak $H^\pm$ production at the LHC.Comment: 33 pages, 24 figures, References adde
Higgs Decay $h\to\mu\tau$ with Minimal Flavor Violation

We consider the tentative indication of flavor-violating Higgs boson decay
$h\to\mu\tau$ recently reported in the CMS experiment within the framework of
minimal flavor violation. Specifically, we adopt the standard model extended
with the seesaw mechanism involving right-handed neutrinos plus effective
dimension-six operators satisfying the minimal flavor violation principle in
the lepton sector. We find that it is possible to accommodate the CMS
$h\to\mu\tau$ signal interpretation provided that the right-handed neutrinos
couple to the Higgs boson in some nontrivial way. We take into account
empirical constraints from other lepton-flavor-violating processes and discuss
how future searches for the $\mu\to e\gamma$ decay and $\mu\to e$ conversion in
nuclei may further probe the lepton-flavor-violating Higgs couplings.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, minor errors corrected, references added,
  matches publicatio
Review times in peer review: quantitative analysis of editorial
  workflows

We examine selected aspects of peer review and suggest possible improvements.
To this end, we analyse a dataset containing information about 300 papers
submitted to the Biochemistry and Biotechnology section of the Journal of the
Serbian Chemical Society. After separating the peer review process into stages
that each review has to go through, we use a weighted directed graph to
describe it in a probabilistic manner and test the impact of some modifications
of the editorial policy on the efficiency of the whole process
Prediction of noise from serrated trailing-edges

A new analytical model is developed for the prediction of noise from serrated
trailing-edges. The model generalizes Amiet's trailing-edge noise theory to
sawtooth trailing-edges, resulting in an inhomogeneous partial differential
equation. The equation is then solved by means of a Fourier expansion technique
combined with an iterative procedure. The solution is validated through
comparison with finite element method for a variety of serrations at different
Mach numbers. Results obtained using the new model predict noise reduction of
up to 10 dB at 90 degree above the trailing-edge, which is more realistic than
predictions based on Howe's model and also more consistent with experimental
observations. A thorough analytical and numerical analysis of the physical
mechanism is carried out and suggests that the noise reduction due to serration
originates primarily from interference effects near the trailing-edge. A closer
inspection of the proposed mathematical model has led to the development of two
criteria for the effectiveness of the trailing-edge serrations, consistent but
more general than those proposed by Howe. While experimental investigations
often focus on noise reduction at ninety degrees above the trailing-edge, the
new analytical model shows that the destructive interference scattering effects
due to the serrations cause significant noise reduction at large polar angles,
near the leading edge. It has also been observed that serrations can
significantly change the directivity characteristics of the aerofoil at high
frequencies and even lead to noise increase at high Mach numbers
Constraining planet structure from stellar chemistry : the cases of CoRoT-7, Kepler-10, and Kepler-93

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grant UID/FIS/04434/2013. P.F., N.C.S., and S.G.S. also acknowledge support from FCT through Investigador FCT contracts of reference IF/01037/2013, IF/00169/2012, and IF/00028/2014, and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program “Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade − COMPETE”. P.F. acknowledges support from FCT in the form of project reference IF/01037/2013CP1191/CT0001. A.S. is supported by the EU under a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development with reference FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF, number 627202. E.D.M. and V.A. acknowledge the support from FCT in form of the grants SFRH/BPD/76606/2011 and SFRH/BPD/70574/2010. This work results within the collaboration of the COST Action TD 1308. C.M. acknowledges the support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant BSSGI0_155816. A.M. received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 313014 (ETAEARTH).Aims. We explore the possibility that the stellar relative abundances of different species can be used to constrain the bulk abundances of known transiting rocky planets. Methods. We use high resolution spectra to derive stellar parameters and chemical abundances for Fe, Si, Mg, O, and C in three stars hosting low mass, rocky planets: CoRoT-7, Kepler-10, and Kepler-93. These planets follow the same line along the mass-radius diagram, pointing toward a similar composition. The derived abundance ratios are compared with the solar values. With a simple stoichiometric model, we estimate the iron mass fraction in each planet, assuming stellar composition. Results. We show that in all cases, the iron mass fraction inferred from the mass-radius relationship seems to be in good agreement with the iron abundance derived from the host star’s photospheric composition. Conclusions. The results suggest that stellar abundances can be used to add constraints on the composition of orbiting rocky planets.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for anomalous production of prompt same-sign lepton pairs and pair-produced doubly charged Higgs bosons with $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV $pp$ collisions using the ATLAS detector

A low-background inclusive search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons is presented. The search uses proton--proton collisions corresponding to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity taken in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of isolated leptons with the same electric charge and large transverse momenta of the type $e^{\pm}e^{\pm}, e^{\pm}\mu^{\pm}$, and $\mu^{\pm}\mu^{\pm}$ are selected and their invariant mass distribution is examined. No excess of events above the expected level of Standard Model background is found. The results are used to set upper limits on the cross sections for processes beyond the Standard Model. Limits are placed as a function of the dilepton invariant mass within a fiducial region corresponding to the signal event selection criteria. Exclusion limits are also derived for a specific model of doubly charged Higgs boson production
Stress, strain and mass changes at Mt. Etna during the period between the 1991–93 and 2001 flank eruptions

During the ~8-year period between the 1991–93 and 2001 flank eruptions, the eruptive activity of Mt. Etna was confined to the summit craters. Deformation and tomography studies indicate that this activity was fed by a magma accumulation zone centered NE of the summit, at a depth of 5 to 9 km below sea level. The most significant gravity changes measured during the same period were induced by mass redistributions at shallower depth below the southeastern flank of the volcano, where minor ground deformation was observed (i.e., vertical displacements within 2 cm).\ud
\ud
The mismatch between the position of pressure and mass sources is difficult to explain under the assumption that both are directly related to magma dynamics. Past studies have suggested that the gravity changes observed during 1994–2001 may primarily reflect changes in the rate of microfracturing along the NNW–SSE fracture/weakness zone (FWZ) that crosses the SE slope of Etna.\ud
\ud
We use the finite element method to shed new light on the complex relations between stress, strain and mass changes that occurred at Etna during the studied period. In particular, following previous results on the degradation of the mechanical properties of rocks, we perform a set of simulations assuming that the part of the medium containing the FWZ is characterized by a lower Young's modulus than would be expected from interpolation of tomographic data. We find that the presence of the FWZ creates a distortion of the displacement field induced by the deeper pressure source, locally resulting in a weak extensional regime. This finding supports the hypothesis of a cause–effect relationship between pressurization beneath the NW flank and tensile extension beneath the SE slope of the volcano. We propose that this extensional regime enhanced the propagation of pressurized gas, that, in turn, amplified the tensile strain across the FWZ.\ud
\ud
We also find that decreasing the value of Young's modulus in the FWZ allows for a larger amount of extension at depth, with no change in the magnitude of surface displacements. This result provides an indication of how the changes in the rate of microfracturing at depth, which are needed to induce the observed gravity changes, might have occurred without large ground deformation.\u
Structural fold and binding sites of the human Na⁺-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-II

Phosphate plays essential biological roles and its plasma level in humans requires tight control to avoid bone loss (insufficiency) or vascular calcification (excess). Intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of phosphate are mediated by members of the SLC34 family of sodium-coupled transporters (NaPi-IIa,b,c) whose membrane expression is regulated by various hormones, circulating proteins, and phosphate itself. Consequently, NaPi-II proteins are also potentially important pharmaceutical targets for controlling phosphate levels. Their crucial role in Pi homeostasis is underscored by pathologies resulting from naturally occurring SLC34 mutations and SLC34 knockout animals. SLC34 isoforms have been extensively studied with respect to transport mechanism and structure-function relationships; however, the three-dimensional structure is unknown. All SLC34 transporters share a duplicated motif comprising a glutamine followed by a stretch of threonine or serine residues, suggesting the presence of structural repeats as found in other transporter families. Nevertheless, standard bioinformatic approaches fail to clearly identify a suitable template for molecular modeling. Here, we used hydrophobicity profiles and hidden Markov models to define a structural repeat common to all SLC34 isoforms. Similar approaches identify a relationship with the core regions in a crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae Na(+)-dicarboxylate transporter VcINDY, from which we generated a homology model of human NaPi-IIa. The aforementioned SLC34 motifs in each repeat localize to the center of the model, and were predicted to form Na(+) and Pi coordination sites. Functional relevance of key amino acids was confirmed by biochemical and electrophysiological analysis of expressed, mutated transporters. Moreover, the validity of the predicted architecture is corroborated by extensive published structure-function studies. The model provides key information for elucidating the transport mechanism and predicts candidate substrate binding sites
Measurement of $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0 \rightarrow K^- K^+$ and $D^0 \rightarrow \pi^- \pi^+$ decays

Time-integrated $CP$ asymmetries in $D^0$ decays to the final states $K^- K^+$ and $\pi^- \pi^+$ are measured using proton-proton collisions corresponding to $3\mathrm{\,fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies of $7\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$ and $8\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$. The $D^0$ mesons are produced in semileptonic $b$-hadron decays, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to determine the initial flavour of the charm meson. The difference in $CP$ asymmetries between the two final states is measured to be \begin{align} \Delta A_{CP} = A_{CP}(K^-K^+)-A_{CP}(\pi^-\pi^+) = (+0.14 \pm 0.16\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.08\mathrm{\,(syst)})\% \ . \nonumber \end{align} A measurement of $A_{CP}(K^-K^+)$ is obtained assuming negligible $CP$ violation in charm mixing and in Cabibbo-favoured $D$ decays. It is found to be \begin{align} A_{CP}(K^-K^+) = (-0.06 \pm 0.15\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.10\mathrm{\,(syst)}) \% \ ,\nonumber \end{align} where the correlation coefficient between $\Delta A_{CP}$ and $A_{CP}(K^-K^+)$ is $\rho=0.28$. By combining these results, the $CP$ asymmetry in the $D^0\rightarrow\pi^-\pi^+$ channel is $A_{CP}(\pi^-\pi^+)=(-0.20\pm0.19\mathrm{\,(stat)}\pm0.10\mathrm{\,(syst)})\%$
Programming Hippocampal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells into Oligodendrocytes Enhances Remyelination in the Adult Brain after Injury

Demyelinating diseases are characterized by a loss of oligodendrocytes leading to axonal degeneration and impaired brain function. Current strategies used for the treatment of demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis largely rely on modulation of the immune system. Only limited treatment options are available for treating the later stages of the disease, and these treatments require regenerative therapies to ameliorate the consequences of oligodendrocyte loss and axonal impairment. Directed differentiation of adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into oligodendrocytes may represent an endogenous source of glial cells for cell-replacement strategies aiming to treat demyelinating disease. Here, we show that Ascl1-mediated conversion of hippocampal NSPCs into mature oligodendrocytes enhances remyelination in a diphtheria-toxin (DT)-inducible, genetic model for demyelination. These findings highlight the potential of targeting hippocampal NSPCs for the treatment of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain
Implications of conformal invariance in momentum space

We present a comprehensive analysis of the implications of conformal invariance for 3-point functions of the stress-energy tensor, conserved currents and scalar operators in general dimension and in momentum space . Our starting point is a novel and very effective decomposition of tensor correlators which reduces their computation to that of a number of scalar form factors. For example, the most general 3-point function of a conserved and traceless stress-energy tensor is determined by only five form factors. Dilatations and special conformal Ward identities then impose additional conditions on these form factors. The special conformal Ward identities become a set of first and second order differential equations, whose general solution is given in terms of integrals involving a product of three Bessel functions (‘triple- K integrals’). All in all, the correlators are completely determined up to a number of constants, in agreement with well-known position space results. In odd dimensions 3-point functions are finite without renormalisation while in even dimensions non-trivial renormalisation in required. In this paper we restrict ourselves to odd dimensions. A comprehensive analysis of renormalisation will be discussed elsewhere
dS/CFT at uniform energy density and a de Sitter “bluewall”

We describe a class of spacetimes that are asymptotically de Sitter in the Poincare slicing. Assuming that a dS/CFT correspondence exists, we argue that these are gravity duals to a CFT on a circle leading to uniform energy-momentum density, and are equivalent to an analytic continuation of the Euclidean AdS black brane. These are solutions with a complex parameter which then gives a real energy-momentum density. We also discuss a related solution with the parameter continued to a real number, which we refer to as a de Sitter “bluewall”. This spacetime has two asymptotic de Sitter universes and Cauchy horizons cloaking timelike singularities. We argue that the Cauchy horizons give rise to a blue-shift instability