pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Topology optimization for minimum weight with compliance and simplified nominal stress constraints for fatigue resistance

This work investigates a simplified approach to cope with the optimization of preliminary design of structures under local fatigue constraints along with a global enforcement on the overall compliance. The problem aims at the minimization of the weight of linear elastic structures under given loads and boundary conditions. The expected stiffness of the optimal structure is provided by the global constraint, whereas a set of local stress–based constraints ask for a structure to be fatigue resistant. A modified Goodman fatigue strength comparison is implemented through the same formalism to address pressure–dependent failure in materials as in Drucker–Prager strength criterion. As a simplification, the Sines approach is used to define the equivalent mean and alternating stresses to address the fatigue resistance for an infinite life time. Sines computation is based on the equivalent mean and alternate stress depending on the invariants of the stress tensor and its deviatoric part, respectively. The so–called singularity phenomenon is overcome by the implementation of a suitable qp-relaxation of the equivalent stress measures. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the features of the achieved optimal layouts and of the proposed algorithm
Measurement of dijet cross sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector

Double-differential dijet cross-sections measured in pp collisions at the LHC with a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy are presented as functions of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation of the two highest-p T jets. These measurements are obtained using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011. The data are corrected for detector effects so that cross-sections are presented at the particle level. Cross-sections are measured up to 5 TeV dijet mass using jets reconstructed with the anti-k t algorithm for values of the jet radius parameter of 0.4 and 0.6. The cross-sections are compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations by NLOJet++ corrected to account for non-perturbative effects. Comparisons with POWHEG predictions, using a next-to-leading-order matrix element calculation interfaced to a parton-shower Monte Carlo simulation, are also shown. Electroweak effects are accounted for in both cases. The quantitative comparison of data and theoretical predictions obtained using various parameterizations of the parton distribution functions is performed using a frequentist method. In general, good agreement with data is observed for the NLOJet++ theoretical predictions when using the CT10, NNPDF2.1 and MSTW 2008 PDF sets. Disagreement is observed when using the ABM11 and HERAPDF1.5 PDF sets for some ranges of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation. An example setting a lower limit on the compositeness scale for a model of contact interactions is presented, showing that the unfolded results can be used to constrain contributions to dijet production beyond that predicted by the Standard Model.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZ. S, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Laccase-catalyzed synthesis of conducting polyaniline-lignosulfonate composite

Enzymatic polymerization of aniline was first performed in lignosulfonate (LGS) template system. High-redox-potential catalyst laccase, isolated from Aspergillus, was used as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of conducting polyaniline/lignosulfonate (PANI-ES-LGS) complex using atmospheric oxygen as the oxidizing agent. The linear templates (LGS), also serving as the dopants, could facilitate the directional alignment of the monomer and improve the solubility of the conducting polymer. The process of the polymerization was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy, by which the conditions for laccase-catalyzed synthesis of PANI-ES-LGS complex were also optimized. The structure characterizations and solubility of the complex were carried out using corresponding characterization techniques respectively. The PANI-ES-LGS suspensions obtained was used as coating for cotton with a conventional padder to explore the applications of the complex. The variable optoelectronic properties of the coated cotton were confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and color strength test. The molecular weight changes of LGS treated by laccase were also studied to discuss the mechanism of laccase catalyzed aniline polymerization in LGS template system.This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21274055, 51173071), Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0883), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JUSRP51312B), China Scholarship Council and the Graduate Student Innovation project (KYLX_1140)
High-resolution simulations of the reionization of an isolated milky way-M31 galaxy pair

The Astrophysical Journal 777.1 (2013): 51 reproduced by permission of the AASWe present the results of a set of numerical simulations aimed at studying reionization at the galactic scale. We use a high-resolution realization of the formation of the Milky Way (MW)-M31 system to simulate the reionization of the Local Group. The reionization calculation was performed with the post-processing radiative transfer code ATON and the underlying cosmological simulation was performed as part of the CLUES project (http://www.clues-project.org). We vary the source models to bracket the range of source properties used in the literature. We investigate the structure and propagation of the galactic ionization fronts by a visual examination of our reionization maps. Within the progenitors, we find that reionization is patchy and proceeds locally inside-out. The process becomes patchier with decreasing source photon output. It is generally dominated by one major H II region and one to four additional isolated smaller bubbles, which eventually overlap. Higher emissivity results in faster and earlier local reionization. In all models, the reionization of the MW and M31 are similar in duration, i.e., between 203 Myr and 22 Myr depending on the source model, placing their z reion between 8.4 and 13.7. In all models except the most extreme, the MW and M31 progenitors reionize internally, ignoring each other despite being relatively close to each other, even during the epoch of reionization. Only in the case of strong supernova feedback suppressing star formation in halos less massive than 109 M ⊙, and using our highest emissivity, do we find that the MW is reionized by M31A.K. is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) in Spain through the Ramón y Cajal program as well as the grants CSD2009-00064 and CAM
S2009/ESP-1496 and the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through grant AYA2012-31101. He further thanks Peter Thomas for angels who burn their wings. G.Y. acknowledges support from MICINN under research grants AYA2009-13875-C03-02, FPA2009-0895
Search for new particles decaying to ZZ using final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector in root s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search is presented for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of Z bosons using data corresponding to 1.02 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment from pp collisions at root s= 7 TeV. Events containing either four charged leptons (llll) or two charged leptons and two jets (lljj) are analyzed and found to be consistent with the Standard Model background expectation. Lower limits on a resonance mass are set using the Randall-Sundrum (RS1) graviton model as a benchmark. Using both llll and lljj events, an RS1 graviton with k/(m) over bar (pl) = 0.1 and mass between 325 and 845 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. In addition, the llll events are used to set a model-independent fiducial cross section limit of sigma(fid)(pp -> X -> ZZ) < 0.92 pb at 95% confidence level for any new sources of ZZ production with m(ZZ) greater than 300 GeV
4-2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethynylbenzoates: Synthesis and evaluation for mesomorphic properties of some novel calamitic molecules

A series of novel terminal trimethylsilylacetylene benzoate derivatives with various linking groups were synthesized using Friedel-Craft's O-acylation reaction. The chemical structures of the novel 4-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynylbenzoates were confirmed by standard spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were investigated for their liquid crystalline properties employing polarised optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The esters 5c - 5f, 5h and 5n possessing three phenyl rings exhibited liquid crystalline property of SmA/SmC phases with wide thermal range. Â© 2014 Elsevier B.V
Electrodeposition of Dicalcium Phosphate Dehydrate Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrates

Cathodic reduction of an aqueous solution containing dissolved calcium and phosphate ions results in the deposition of micrometer thick CaHPO4·2H2O (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate) coatings on stainless steel substrates. The coating obtained at a low deposition current (8 mA cm-2) comprises lath-like crystallites oriented along 020. The 020 crystal planes are non-polar and have a low surface energy. At a high deposition current (12 mA cm-2), platelets oriented along 12¯1 are deposited. CaHPO4·2H2O is an important precursor to the nucleation of hydroxyapatite, the inorganic component of bones. Differently oriented CaHPO4·2H2Ocoatings transform to hydroxyapatite with different kinetics, the transformation being more facile when the coating is oriented along 12¯1. These observations have implications for the development of electrodeposited biocompatible coatings for metal endoprostheses for medical applications
Precision study of the $\eta\to\mu^+\mu^-\gamma$ and
  $\omega\to\mu^+\mu^-\pi^0$ electromagnetic transition form-factors and of the
  $\rho\to\mu^+\mu^-$ line shape in NA60

The NA60 experiment studied low-mass muon pair production in proton-nucleus
(p-A) collisions using a 400~GeV proton beam at the CERN SPS. The low-mass
dimuon spectrum is well described by the superposition of the two-body and
Dalitz decays of the light neutral mesons $\eta$, $\rho$, $\omega$, $\eta'$ and
$\phi$, and no evidence of in-medium effects is found. A new high-precision
measurement of the electromagnetic transition form factors of the $\eta$ and
$\omega$ was performed, profiting from a 10~times larger data sample than the
peripheral In-In sample previously collected by NA60. Using the
pole-parameterisation $|F(M)|^2 = (1 -M^2/\mathrm{\Lambda}^2)^{-2}$ we find
$\mathrm{\Lambda}_\eta^{-2} = 1.934\ \pm\ 0.067$~(stat.) $\pm\
0.050$~(syst.)~(GeV/$c^2$)$^{-2}$ and $\mathrm{\Lambda}_\omega^{-2} = 2.223\
\pm\ 0.026$~(stat.) $\pm\ 0.037$~(syst.)~(GeV/$c^2$)$^{-2}$. An improved value
of the branching ratio of the Dalitz decay $\omega \to \mu^+\mu^-\pi^0$ is also
obtained, with $BR(\omega \to \mu^+\mu^-\pi^0) =
[1.41~\pm~0.09~\mathrm{(stat.)}$ $\pm~0.15~\mathrm{(syst.)}] \times 10^{-4}$.
Further results refer to the $\rho$ line shape and a new limit on $\rho/\omega$
interference in hadron interactions
Measurement of $W$ boson angular distributions in events with high
  transverse momentum jets at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The $W$ boson angular distribution in events with high transverse momentum
jets is measured using data collected by the ATLAS experiment from
proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV at the
Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3
fb$^{-1}$. The focus is on the contributions to $W$ + jets processes from real
$W$ emission, which is achieved by studying events where a muon is observed
close to a high transverse momentum jet. At small angular separations, these
contributions are expected to be large. Various theoretical models of this
process are compared to the data in terms of the absolute cross-section and the
angular distributions of the muon from the leptonic $W$ decay.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 6 tables,
  final version published in Phys. Lett. B. All figures including auxiliary
  figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-16
Deeper H.E.S.S. observations of Vela Junior (RX J0852.0$-$4622):
  Morphology studies and resolved spectroscopy

Aims. We study gamma-ray emission from the shell-type supernova remnant (SNR)
RX J0852.0$-$4622 to better characterize its spectral properties and its
distribution over the SNR.
  Methods. The analysis of an extended High Energy Spectroscopic System
(H.E.S.S.) data set at very high energies (E > 100 GeV) permits detailed
studies, as well as spatially resolved spectroscopy, of the morphology and
spectrum of the whole RX J0852.0$-$4622 region. The H.E.S.S. data are combined
with archival data from other wavebands and interpreted in the framework of
leptonic and hadronic models. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the
direct determination of the spectral characteristics of the parent particle
population in leptonic and hadronic scenarios using only GeV-TeV data.
  Results. An updated analysis of the H.E.S.S. data shows that the spectrum of
the entire SNR connects smoothly to the high-energy spectrum measured by
Fermi-LAT. The increased data set makes it possible to demonstrate that the
H.E.S.S. spectrum deviates significantly from a power law and is well described
by both a curved power law and a power law with an exponential cutoff at an
energy of $E_\mathrm{cut} = (6.7 \pm 1.2_\mathrm{stat} \pm 1.2_\mathrm{syst})$
TeV. The joint Fermi-LAT-H.E.S.S. spectrum allows the unambiguous
identification of the spectral shape as a power law with an exponential cutoff.
No significant evidence is found for a variation of the spectral parameters
across the SNR, suggesting similar conditions of particle acceleration across
the remnant. A simple modeling using one particle population to model the SNR
emission demonstrates that both leptonic and hadronic emission scenarios remain
plausible. It is also shown that at least a part of the shell emission is
likely due to the presence of a pulsar wind nebula around PSR J0855$-$4644.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables. Published in A&
Phase field models for thin elastic structures with topological constraint.

This article is concerned with the problem of minimising the Willmore energy in the class of connected surfaces with prescribed area which are confined to a small container. We propose a phase field approximation based on De Giorgi’s diffuse Willmore functional to this variational problem. Our main contribution is a penalisation term which ensures connectedness in the sharp interface limit. The penalisation of disconnectedness is based on a geodesic distance chosen to be small between two points that lie on the same connected component of the transition layer of the phase field. We prove that in two dimensions, sequences of phase fields with uniformly bounded diffuse Willmore energy and diffuse area converge uniformly to the zeros of a double-well potential away from the support of a limiting measure. In three dimensions, we show that they converge  H1H1 -almost everywhere on curves. This enables us to show  ΓΓ -convergence to a sharp interface problem that only allows for connected structures. The results also imply Hausdorff convergence of the level sets in two dimensions and a similar result in three dimensions. Furthermore, we present numerical evidence of the effectiveness of our model. The implementation relies on a coupling of Dijkstra’s algorithm in order to compute the topological penalty to a finite element approach for the Willmore term
A national epidemiologial study investigating risk factors for police interrogation and false confession among juveniles and young persons

Purpose The principal aims of this study are to identify risk factors associated with police arrest and false confessions and to investigate whether the severity of the ADHD condition/symptoms increases the risk. Methods 22,226 young persons in Iceland anonymously completed self-report questionnaires screening for conduct disorder and ADHD. In addition, they stated whether they had a diagnosis of ADHD and had received ADHD medication, and their history of offending, police interrogation and false confession. Participants were stratified into two age groups, 14–16 and 17–24 years. Results The older group was significantly more likely to have been interrogated by the police but the younger group were much more vulnerable to false confession during interrogation. Males were more likely to be at risk for both than females. The severity of the ADHD condition increased the risk of both interrogation and false confession. Negative binomial regressions showed that age, gender, conduct disorder, offending, and ADHD symptoms were all significant predictors of both interrogations and number of false confessions. Conduct disorder was the single best predictor of police interrogation, but the findings were more mixed regarding false confessions. Young people presenting with a combination of severe ADHD and comorbid conduct disorder had the worst outcome for both interrogation and false confessions. Conclusions The findings endorse the need for support of persons with ADHD to be put in place to ensure fair due process and to prevent miscarriages of justice
The role of aluminium in chemical and phase segregation in a TRIP-assisted dual phase steel

In this work we demonstrate that micro-segregation patterns of alloying elements present in a high-strength TRIP-assisted DP steel after casting are retained in the microstructure throughout processing, and lead to anisotropy (banding) in the final microstructure. In particular, we have assessed the role of Al on the chemical segregation of Mn, Cr and Si during casting, and their impact on the phase transformations occurring during thermo-mechanical processing of the as-cast material. We have derived the elemental partition coefficients, based on the experimentally determined dendrite spacing and chemical profiles in the as-cast structure, and used them to derive the local austenite-to-ferrite transformation temperature. Our cellular automaton methodology to simulate phase transformations allows reliable prediction of the formation or suppression of banding in the intermediate and final microstructures for different heating or cooling rates. Our results reveal that aluminium exerts the largest individual effect of the substitutional elements on the formation of banding in these steels. Controlling micro-segregation during solidification in advanced high-strength multiphase steels is therefore critical for obtaining homogeneous mechanical properties in the final product, as it controls the phase transformations occurring during thermo-mechanical processing and therefore the final microstructure
CD risk stratification studies - EU-CERT-ICD and the European perspective

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: In patients with ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction, treatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to improve survival and guidelines recommend their use for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Experts disagree regarding the validity of decade-old trial results as the basis for this recommendation, therefore, reconsideration of prophylactic ICD treatment is needed. EU-CERT-ICD, DANISH-ICD AND DO-IT: In order to update the evidence on prophylactic ICD treatment, several prospective studies are underway in Europe. The prospective EU-CERT-ICD cohort study (NCT 02064192) is enrolling 2500 patients and compares patients undergoing first ICD implantation with controls with an earlier clinical decision to go without ICD implantation strictly unrelated to the study. The DANISH ICD study (NCT 00542945) has randomized 1000 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and an LVEF ≤35% (1:1 ICD implantation vs. control). The prospective DO-IT multicenter registry will include 1500 ICD patients in multiple Dutch high-volume implanting centers. Due to the widespread use of ICD therapy, new randomized trials seem not straightforward to envisage in many countries. CONCLUSION: The above described ICD studies will provide additional evidence regarding the effectiveness of primary prophylactic ICDs in Europe and may have an impact on ICD treatment guidelines. They could also help to design randomized trials in low risk patients
Theory of Solvation-Controlled Reactions in Stimuli-Responsive Nanoreactors

Metallic nanoparticles embedded in stimuli-responsive polymers can be regarded as nanoreactors because their catalytic activity can be changed within wide limits: the physicochemical properties of the polymer network can be tuned and switched by external parameters, for example, temperature or pH, and thus allow a selective control of reactant mobility and concentration close to the reaction site. Combining Debye’s model of diffusion through an energy landscape and a two-state model for the polymer, here we develop an analytical expression for the observed reaction rate constant, kobs. Our formula shows an exponential dependence of this rate on the solvation free-enthalpy change ΔG̅sol, a quantity that describes the partitioning of the reactant in the network versus bulk. Thus, changes in ΔG̅sol, and not in the diffusion coefficient, will be the decisive factor affecting the reaction rate in most cases. A comparison with recent experimental data on switchable, thermosensitive nanoreactors demonstrates the general validity of the concept