pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Subglacial bedforms reveal an exponential size-frequency distribution

This article was published in the journal, Geomorphology [© Elsevier B.V.] and the definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.02.017Subglacial bedforms preserved in deglaciated landscapes record characteristics of past ice-sediment flow regimes, providing insight into subglacial processes and ice sheet dynamics. Individual forms vary considerably, but they can often be grouped into coherent fields, typically called flow-sets, that reflect discrete episodes of ice flow. Within these, bedform size-frequency distributions (predominantly height, width and length) are currently described by several statistics (e.g., mean, median, and standard deviation) that, arguably, do not best capture the defining characteristics of these populations. This paper seeks to create a better description based upon semi-log plots, which reveal that the frequency distributions of bedform dimensions (drumlin, mega-scale glacial lineation, and ribbed moraine) plot as straight lines above the mode (φ). This indicates, by definition, an exponential distribution, for which a simple and easily calculated, yet statistically rigorous, description is designed. Three descriptive parameters are proposed: gradient (λ; the exponent, characterising bedforms likely least affected by non-glacial factors), area-normalised y-intercept (β; quantifying spatial density), and the mode (φ). Below φ, small features are less prevalent due to i) measurement: data, sampling and mapping fidelity; ii) possible post-glacial degradation; or iii) genesis: not being created sub-glacially. This new description has the benefit of being insensitive to the impact of potentially unmapped or degraded smaller features and better captures properties relating to ice flow. Importantly, using λ, flow sets can now be more usefully compared with each other across all deglaciated regions and with the output of numerical ice sheet models. Applications may also exist for analogous fluvial and aeolian bedforms. Identifying the characteristic exponential and that it is typical of 'emergent' subglacial bedforms is a new and potentially powerful constraint on their genesis, perhaps indicating that ice-sediment interaction is fundamentally stochastic in nature. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Non-linear stability bounds for a horizontal layer of a porous medium with an exothermic reaction on the lower boundary.

We use the energy method to find regions of stability for a horizontal layer of a Darcy porous medium with an exothermic reaction on the lower layer. The results are compared to the linear instability results for this model found by Scott and Straughan [16]. It is shown that there is a region in which sub-critical instabilities may occur, but for small Lewis numbers, 0<Le<100<Le<10, the non-linear stability boundary is reasonably close to the linear instability boundary. The effect of varying the parameters of the reaction on the stability curve is discussed
Evaluation of the anti-arenaviral activity of the subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor PF-429242.

The cellular protease subtilisin kexin isozyme-1 (SKI-1)/site-1 protease (S1P) is implicated in the proteolytic processing of the viral envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of arenaviruses, a step strictly required for production of infectious progeny. The small molecule SKI-1/S1P inhibitor PF-429242 was shown to have anti-viral activity against Old World arenaviruses. Here we extended these studies and show that PF-429242 also inhibits GPC processing and productive infection of New World arenaviruses, making PF-429242 a broadly active anti-arenaviral drug. In combination therapy, PF-429242 potentiated the anti-viral activity of ribavirin, indicating a synergism between the two drugs. A hallmark of arenaviruses is their ability to establish persistent infection in vitro and in vivo. Notably, PF-429242 was able to efficiently and rapidly clear persistent infection by arenaviruses. Interruption of drug treatment did not result in re-emergence of infection, indicating that PF-429242 treatment leads to virus extinction
Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→K0Sπ+ and B+→K0SK+

An analysis of View the MathML sourceB+→KS0π+ and View the MathML sourceB+→KS0K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−11 fb−1 and 2 fb−12 fb−1 collected at centre-of-mass energies of View the MathML sources=7 TeV and View the MathML sources=8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the direct CP asymmetries are measured to be View the MathML sourceB(B+→KS0K+)/B(B+→KS0π+)=0.064±0.009 (stat.)±0.004 (syst.), View the MathML sourceACP(B+→KS0π+)=−0.022±0.025 (stat.)±0.010  (syst.) and View the MathML sourceACP(B+→KS0K+)=−0.21±0.14  (stat.)±0.01  (syst.). The data sample taken at View the MathML sources=7 TeV is used to search for View the MathML sourceBc+→KS0K+ decays and results in the upper limit View the MathML source(fc⋅B(Bc+→KS0K+))/(fu⋅B(B+→KS0π+))<5.8×10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fcfc and fufu denote the hadronisation fractions of a View the MathML sourceb¯ quark into a View the MathML sourceBc+ or a B+B+ meson, respectively
Observation of a peaking structure in the J/psi phi mass spectrum from B+/- to J/psi phi K+/- decays

A peaking structure in the J/psi phi mass spectrum near threshold is observed in B(+/-) to J/psi phi K(+/-) decays, produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample, selected on the basis of the dimuon decay mode of the J/psi, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 inverse femtobarns. Fitting the structure to an S-wave relativistic Breit-Wigner lineshape above a three-body phase-space nonresonant component gives a signal statistical significance exceeding five standard deviations. The fitted mass and width values are m=4148.0 +/- 2.4 (stat.) +/- 6.3 (syst.) MeV and Gamma=28 -11+15 (stat.) +/- 19 (syst.) MeV, respectively. Evidence for an additional peaking structure at higher J/psi phi mass is also reported
Geometrical tests of cosmological models. I. Probing dark energy using
  the kinematics of high-redshift galaxies

We suggest to use the observationally measured and theoretically justified
correlation between size and rotational velocity of galactic discs as a viable
method to select a set of high redshift standard rods which may be used to
explore the dark energy content of the universe via the classical
angular-diameter test. Here we explore a new strategy for an optimal
implementation of this test. We propose to use the rotation speed of high
redshift galaxies as a standard size indicator and show how high resolution
multi-object spectroscopy and ACS/HST high quality spatial images, may be
combined to measure the amplitude of the dark energy density parameter, or to
constrain the cosmic equation of state parameter for a smooth dark energy
component. We evaluate how systematics may affect the proposed tests, and find
that a linear standard rod evolution, causing galaxy dimensions to be up to 30%
smaller at z=1.5, can be uniquely diagnosed, and will minimally bias the
confidence level contours in the [Omega_Q, w] plane. Finally, we show how to
derive, without a priori knowing the specific functional form of disc
evolution, a cosmology-evolution diagram with which it is possible to establish
a mapping between different cosmological models and the amount of galaxy
disc/luminosity evolution expected at a given redshift.Comment: 15 pages and 9 figures. A&A in pres
Universal Rise of Hadronic Total Cross Sections based on Forward pi p
  and pbarp(pp) Scatterings

Recently there are several evidences of the increase of the total cross
section sigma(tot) to be log2 s consistent with the Froissart unitarity bound,
and the COMPETE collaborations in the PDG have further assumed sigma(tot) = B
log2(s/s0) to extend its universal rise with a common value of B for all the
hadronic scatterings. However, there is no rigorous proof yet based only on
QCD. Therefore, it is worthwhile to prove this universal rise of sigma(tot)
even empirically. In this letter we attempt to obtain the value of B for pi p
scattering, B(pi p), with reasonable accuracy by taking into account the rich
pi p data in all the energy regions. We use the finite-energy sum rule(FESR)
expressed in terms of the pi p scattering data in the low and intermediate
energies as a constraint between high-energy parameters. We then have searched
for the simultaneous best fit to the sigma(tot) and rho ratios, the ratios of
the real to imaginary parts of the forward scattering amplitudes. The lower
energy data are included in the integral of FESR, the more precisely determined
is the non-leading term such as log s, and then helps to determine the leading
terms like log2 s. We have derived the value of B(pi p) as B(pi p)=0.311 +-
0.044mb. This value is to be compared with the value of B for pbarp,pp
scattering, B(pp), in our previous analysis[11], B(pp)=0.289 +- 0.023mb. Thus,
our result appears to support the universality hypothesis.Comment: 7 pages, to be published in Phys. Lett.
Thermodynamics of warped AdS$_3$ black hole in the brick wall method

The statistical entropy of a scalar field on the warped AdS$_3$ black hole in
the cosmological topologically massive gravity is calculated based on the
brick-wall method, which is different from the Wald's entropy formula giving
the modified area law due to the higher-derivative corrections in that the
entropy still satisfies the area law. It means that the entropy for scalar
excitations on this background is independent of higher-order derivative terms
or the conventional brick wall method has some limitations to take into account
the higher-derivative terms.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure; v2. to appear in Phys. Lett. B; v3. typos
  correcte
Haggkvist-Hell Graphs: A class of Kneser-colorable graphs

For positive integers n and r we define the Haggkvist-Hell graph, H_{n:r}, to
be the graph whose vertices are the ordered pairs (h,T) where T is an r-subset
of [n], and h is an element of [n] not in T. Vertices (h_x,T_x) and (h_y,T_y)
are adjacent iff h_x \in T_y, h_y \in T_x, and T_x and T_y are disjoint. These
triangle-free arc transitive graphs are an extension of the idea of Kneser
graphs, and there is a natural homomorphism from the Haggkvist-Hell graph,
H_{n:r}, to the corresponding Kneser graph, K_{n:r}. Haggkvist and Hell
introduced the r=3 case of these graphs, showing that a cubic graph admits a
homomorphism to H_{22:3} if and only if it is triangle-free. Gallucio, Hell,
and Nesetril also considered the r=3 case, proving that H_{n:3} can have
arbitrarily large chromatic number. In this paper we give the exact values for
diameter, girth, and odd girth of all Haggkvist-Hell graphs, and we give bounds
for independence, chromatic, and fractional chromatic number. Furthermore, we
extend the result of Gallucio et al. to any fixed r \ge 2, and we determine the
full automorphism group of H_{n:r}, which is isomorphic to the symmetric group
on n elements.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figures, 3 table
Light-Front Analysis of pi^{-} Mesons Produced in Mg - Mg Collisions at
  4.3 a Gev/c

Light-front analysis of pi^{-} mesons in Mg-Mg collisions is carried out. The
phase space of secondary pions is naturally divided into two parts in one of
which the thermal equilibration assumption seems to be in a good agreement with
data. Corresponding temperatures are extracted and compared to the results of
other experiments. The experimental results have been compared with the
predictions of the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM) and satisfactory agreement
between the experimental data and the model has been found.Comment: 14 pages with 7 postscript figures. accepted for publication in Nucl.
  Phys.
Non-perturbatively renormalised light quark masses from a lattice
  simulation with N_f=2

We present results for the light quark masses obtained from a lattice QCD
simulation with N_f=2 degenerate Wilson dynamical quark flavours. The sea quark
masses of our lattice, of spacing a ~ 0.06 fm, are relatively heavy, i.e., they
cover the range corresponding to 0.60 <~ M_P/M_V <~ 0.75. After implementing
the non-perturbative RI-MOM method to renormalise quark masses, we obtain
m_{ud}^{MS}(2 GeV)=4.3 +- 0.4^{+1.1}_{-0} MeV, and m_s^{MS}(2 GeV)=101 +-
8^{+25}_{-0} MeV, which are about 15% larger than they would be if renormalised
perturbatively. In addition, we show that the above results are compatible with
those obtained in a quenched simulation with a similar lattice.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
RG/Pade Estimate of the Three-Loop Contribution to the QCD Static
  Potential Function

The three renormalization-group-accessible three-loop coefficients of powers
of logarithms within the \bar{MS} series momentum-space for the QCD static
potential are calculated and compared to values obtained via asymptotic
Pad\'e-approximant methods. The leading and next-to-leading logarithmic
coefficients are both found to be in exact agreement with their asymptotic
Pad\'e-predictions. The predicted value for the third RG-accessible coefficient
is found to be within 7% relative |error| of its true value for n_f leq 6, and
is shown to be in exact agreement with its true value in the n_f \to \infty
limit. Asymptotic Pad\'e estimates are also obtained for the remaining
(RG-inaccessible) three-loop coefficient. Comparison is also made with recent
estimates of the three-loop contribution to the configuration-space
static-potential function.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX, additional discussion on the result
Contemporaneous observations of the radio galaxy NGC 1275 from radio to
  very high energy gamma-rays

The radio galaxy NGC 1275, recently identified as a very high energy (VHE,
>100 GeV) gamma-ray emitter by MAGIC, is one of the few non-blazar AGN detected
in the VHE regime. In order to better understand the origin of the gamma-ray
emission and locate it within the galaxy, we studied contemporaneous
multi-frequency observations of NGC 1275 and modeled the overall spectral
energy distribution (SED). We analyzed unpublished MAGIC observations carried
out between Oct. 2009 and Feb. 2010, and the previously published ones taken
between Aug. 2010 and Feb. 2011. We studied the multi-band variability and
correlations by analyzing data of Fermi-LAT (0.1-100 GeV), as well as Chandra
(X-ray), KVA (optical) and MOJAVE (radio) data taken during the same period.
Using customized Monte Carlo simulations corresponding to early MAGIC stereo
data, we detect NGC 1275 also in the earlier campaign. The flux level and
energy spectra are similar to the results of the second campaign. The monthly
light curve >100 GeV shows a hint of variability at the 3.6 sigma level. In the
Fermi-LAT band, both flux and spectral shape variabilities are reported. The
optical light curve is variable and shows a clear correlation with the
gamma-ray flux >100 MeV. In radio, 3 compact components are resolved in the
innermost part of the jet. One of them shows a similar trend as the LAT and KVA
light curves. The 0.1-650 GeV spectra measured simultaneously with MAGIC and
Fermi-LAT can be well fitted either by a log-parabola or by a power-law with a
sub-exponential cutoff for both campaigns. A single-zone
synchrotron-self-Compton model, with an electron spectrum following a power-law
with an exponential cutoff, can explain the broadband SED and the multi-band
behavior of the source. However, this model suggests an untypical low
bulk-Lorentz factor or a velocity alignment closer to the line of sight than
the pc-scale radio jet.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
W' signatures with odd Higgs particles

We point out that W' bosons may decay predominantly into Higgs particles
associated with their broken gauge symmetry. We demonstrate this in a
renormalizable model where the W' and W couplings to fermions differ only by an
overall normalization. This "meta-sequential" W' boson decays into a scalar
pair, with the charged one subsequently decaying into a W boson and a neutral
scalar. These scalars are odd under a parity of the Higgs sector, which
consists of a complex bidoublet and a doublet. The W' and Z' bosons have the
same mass and branching fractions into scalars, and may show up at the LHC in
final states involving one or two electroweak bosons and missing transverse
energy.Comment: 24 page
Precision lattice QCD computation of the $B^*B\pi$ coupling

The static $B^{*}B\pi$ coupling, $\hat{g}_\chi$, a low energy constant in the
leading order heavy meson chiral Lagrangian, is determined using $N_\mathrm{f}
= 2$ lattice QCD. We use CLS ensembles with lattice spacings and pion masses
down to $a = 0.05\mathrm{fm}$ and $m_{\pi}=270\mathrm{MeV}$, and perform
combined continuum and chiral extrapolations of our results which have a much
better accuracy than previous numbers in the literature. As a by-product, we
determine the coupling between the first radial excitations in the $B$ and
$B^{*}$ channels ($\hat{g}_{22}$). Accounting for all uncertainties, which are
dominated by the chiral extrapolation, we obtain $\hat{g}_\chi = 0.492(29)$,
while $\hat{g}_{22}$ is somewhat smaller. The comparison to a precise quenched
computation suggests that there is little influence by the sea quarks and
$\hat{g}_\chi$ will not change much when a dynamical strange quark is included.Comment: 14 pages, all include
Chains of N=2, D=4 heterotic type II duals

We report on a search for N=2 heterotic strings that are dual candidates of type II compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds described as K3 fibrations. We find many new heterotic duals by using standard orbifold techniques. The associated type II compactifications fall into chains in which the proposed duals are heterotic compactifications related one another by a sequential Higgs mechanism. This breaking in the heterotic side typically involves the sequence SU(4)\rightarrow SU(3)\rightarrow SU(2)\rightarrow 0, while in the type II side the weights of the complex hypersurfaces and the structure of the K3 quotient singularities also follow specific patterns
Electromagnetic duality and SU(3) monopoles

We consider the low-energy dynamics of a pair of distinct fundamental monopoles that arise in the N=4 supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory broken to U(1)\times U(1). Both the long distance interactions and the short distance behavior indicate that the moduli space is R^3\times(S^1\times {\cal M}_0)/ Z_2 where {\cal M}_0 is the smooth Taub-NUT manifold, and we confirm this rigorously. By examining harmonic forms on the moduli space, we find a threshold bound state of two monopoles with a tower of BPS dyonic states built on it, as required by the Montonen-Olive duality. We also present a conjecture for the metric of the moduli space for any number of distinct fundamental monopoles for an arbitrary simply-laced gauge group
Brane-Antibrane Systems Interaction under Tachyon Condensation

The interaction between a parallel brane-antibrane and brane-antibrane is
investigated by regarding the brane-antibrane pair as a kink or anti-kink type
tachyon condensed state. As the kink-type tachyon condensed state is known as a
non-BPS brane we expand the Lagrangian of tachyon effective field theory to the
quadratic order in the off-diagonal fluctuation and then use the zeta-function
regularization and Schwinger perturbative formula to evaluate the interaction
within a kink-kink or a kink-antikink.
  The results show that while the kink and kink has repulsive force the kink
and anti-kink has attractive force and may annihilate by each others. We
therefore evaluate the free energy at finite temperature and determine the
critical temperature above which the stable state of kink-antikink system may
be found.Comment: Latex 16 pages, typos corrected, add remarks, published versio
Topological sectors and gauge invariance in massive vector-tensor theories in D $\geq$ 4

A family of local equivalent models is considered. They can be taken as a generalization to d+1 dimensions of the Topological Massive and ``Self-dual'' model in 2+1 dimensions. The corresponding 3+1 models are analized in detail. It is shown that one model can be seen as a gauge fixed version of the other, and their space of classical solutions differs in a topological sector represented by the classical solutions of a pure BF model. The topological sector can be gauged out on cohomologically trivial base manifolds but on general settings it may be responsible of the difference in the long distance behaviour of the models. The presence of this topological sector appears explicitly in the partition function of the theories. The generalization of this models to higher dimensions is shown to be straightfoward
On The Nature Of Superoutbursts In Dwarf Novae

We present the first detailed hydrodynamic simulation of a superoutburst to incorporate the full tidal potential of a binary system. A two-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics code is used to simulate a superoutburst in a binary with the parameters of the SU UMa system Z Chamaeleontis. The simulated light curves shows all the features observed in such systems. Analysis of the mass flux through the disc and the growth rate of the superhumps and disc eccentricity show that the superoutburst-superhump phenomenon is a direct result of tidal instability. No enhanced mass transfer from the secondary is required to initiate or sustain these phenomena. Comparisons of superoutbursts with normal outbursts are made and we show that the model can be reconciled with the behavior of U Geminorum type dwarf novae, which show no superoutbursts
Euclidean and Lorentzian Quantum Gravity - Lessons from Two Dimensions

No theory of four-dimensional quantum gravity exists as yet. In this
situation the two-dimensional theory, which can be analyzed by conventional
field-theoretical methods, can serve as a toy model for studying some aspects
of quantum gravity. It represents one of the rare settings in a
quantum-gravitational context where one can calculate quantities truly
independent of any background geometry. We review recent progress in our
understanding of 2d quantum gravity, and in particular the relation between the
Euclidean and Lorentzian sectors of the quantum theory. We show that
conventional 2d Euclidean quantum gravity can be obtained from Lorentzian
quantum gravity by an analytic continuation only if we allow for spatial
topology changes in the latter. Once this is done, one obtains a theory of
quantum gravity where space-time is fractal: the intrinsic Hausdorff dimension
of usual 2d Euclidean quantum gravity is four, and not two. However, certain
aspects of quantum space-time remain two-dimensional, exemplified by the fact
that its so-called spectral dimension is equal to two.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figure
Scaling of hadron masses and widths in thermal models for
  ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

By means of a simple rescaling, modifications of hadron masses and widths are
incorporated into the thermal analysis of particle ratios in ultra-relativistic
heavy-ion collisions. We find that moderate, up to 20%, changes of hadron
masses do not spoil the quality of the fits, which remain as good as those
obtained without modifications. The fits with the modified masses yield,
however, modified values of the optimal temperature and baryon chemical
potential. In particular, with decreasing masses of all hadrons (except for
pseudo-Goldstone bosons) the fitted values of the temperature and the baryon
chemical potential are lowered, with the change approximately proportional to
the scaling of masses. In addition, we find that the broadening of the hadron
widths by less than a factor of two practically does not affect the fits.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, a few references and comments adde