pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Writing Case Studies: Benefits for Students’ Success and Well-being

AbstractUniversity professors often use case studies because they provide a fertile basis for the application of theoretical concepts to real world situations, enhancing student participation. The present correlational study aims to present social psychology's students from the University of Barcelona (UB) as active participants of their learning process through their work with case studies. Results demonstrate that students made significant learning through the writing of case studies, which has benefited their results in the final exam, course grades, and course's satisfaction
Oscillations above the barrier in the fusion of 28Si + 28Si

AbstractFusion cross sections of 28Si + 28Si have been measured in a range above the barrier with a very small energy step (ΔElab=0.5 MeV). Regular oscillations have been observed, best evidenced in the first derivative of the energy-weighted excitation function. For the first time, quite different behaviors (the appearance of oscillations and the trend of sub-barrier cross sections) have been reproduced within the same theoretical frame, i.e., the coupled-channel model using the shallow M3Y + repulsion potential. The calculations suggest that channel couplings play an important role in the appearance of the oscillations, and that the simple relation between a peak in the derivative of the energy-weighted cross section and the height of a centrifugal barrier is lost, and so is the interpretation of the second derivative of the excitation function as a barrier distribution for this system, at energies above the Coulomb barrier
The photon angular momentum controversy: Resolution of a conflict between laser optics and particle physics

AbstractThe claim some years ago, contrary to all textbooks, that the angular momentum of a photon (and gluon) can be split in a gauge-invariant way into an orbital and spin term, sparked a major controversy in the Particle Physics community, exacerbated by the realization that many different forms of the angular momentum operators are, in principle, possible. A further cause of upset was the realization that the gluon polarization in a nucleon, a supposedly physically meaningful quantity, corresponds only to the gauge-variant gluon spin derived from Noether's theorem, evaluated in a particular gauge. On the contrary, Laser Physicists have, for decades, been happily measuring physical quantities which correspond to photon orbital and spin angular momentum evaluated in a particular gauge. This paper reconciles the two points of view, and shows that it is the gauge invariant version of the canonical angular momentum which agrees with the results of a host of laser optics experiments
Enhancement of Tc Due to Pressure Application in LaFeAsO1–xHx Studied by NMR

AbstractThe prototypical iron-based high-Tc pnictide LaFeAsO1–xHx has superconducting double domes in the electronic phase diagram. Pressure application merges the double domes into a single dome, and the minimum Tc of 26K observed at x=0.2 goes up to 45K by applying a pressure of 3.0GPa. 75As nuclear magnetic resonance was performed at 3.0GPa to investigate the high-Tc mechanism. The relaxation rate divided by temperature, 1/T1T exhibits a plateau just above Tc and the value is enhanced by applying pressure. The plateau indicates that 1/T1 can be described by the Korringa relation, which suggests that a key factor to raise Tc is the density of states. So far as our results are concerned, spin fluctuations are not essential to achieve high Tc over 45K
Associated W±D(⁎) production at the LHC and prospects to observe double parton interactions

AbstractAssociated production of charged gauge bosons and charged charmed mesons at the LHC is considered in the framework of kt-factorization approach. Theoretical predictions are compared with ATLAS data, and reasonably good agreement is found. Predictions on the same-sign W±D± configurations are presented including single parton scattering and double parton scattering contributions. The latter are shown to dominate over the former, thus giving evidence that the proposed process can serve as another indicator of double parton interactions
Probing Wilson loops in N=4 Chern–Simons-matter theories at weak coupling

AbstractFor three-dimensional N=4 super-Chern–Simons-matter theories associated to necklace quivers U(N0)×U(N1)×⋯U(N2r−1), we study at quantum level the two kinds of 1/2 BPS Wilson loop operators recently introduced in arXiv:1506.07614. We perform a two-loop evaluation and find the same result for the two kinds of operators, so moving to higher loops a possible quantum uplift of the classical degeneracy. We also compute the 1/4 BPS bosonic Wilson loop and discuss the quantum version of the cohomological equivalence between fermionic and bosonic Wilson loops. We compare the perturbative result with the Matrix Model prediction and find perfect matching, after identification and remotion of a suitable framing factor. Finally, we discuss the potential appearance of three-loop contributions that might break the classical degeneracy and briefly analyze possible implications on the BPS nature of these operators
MeV-scale sterile neutrino decays at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program.

Nearly-sterile neutrinos with masses in the MeV range and below would be produced in the beam of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab. In this article, we study the potential for SBN to discover these particles through their subsequent decays in its detectors. We discuss the decays which will be visible at SBN in a minimal and non-minimal extension of the Standard Model, and perform simulations to compute the parameter space constraints which could be placed in the absence of a signal. We demonstrate that the SBN programme can extend existing bounds on well constrained channels such as N → νl+l− and N → l±π∓ while, thanks to the strong particle identification capabilities of liquid-Argon technology, also place bounds on often neglected channels such as N → νγ and N → νπ0. Furthermore, we consider the phenomenological impact of improved event timing information at the three detectors. As well as considering its role in background reduction, we note that if the light-detection systems in SBND and ICARUS can achieve nanosecond timing resolution, the effect of finite sterile neutrino mass could be directly observable, providing a smoking-gun signature for this class of models. We stress throughout that the search for heavy nearly-sterile neutrinos is a complementary new physics analysis to the search for eV-scale oscillations, and would extend the BSM programme of SBN while requiring no beam or detector modifications
New analysis of $\eta\pi$ tensor resonances measured at the COMPASS
  experiment

We present a new amplitude analysis of the $\eta\pi$ $D$-wave in $\pi^- p\to
\eta\pi^- p$ measured by COMPASS. Employing an analytical model based on the
principles of the relativistic $S$-matrix, we find two resonances that can be
identified with the $a_2(1320)$ and the excited $a_2^\prime(1700)$, and perform
a comprehensive analysis of their pole positions. For the mass and width of the
$a_2$ we find $M=(1307 \pm 1 \pm 6)$~MeV and $\Gamma=(112 \pm 1 \pm 8)$~MeV,
and for the excited state $a_2^\prime$ we obtain $M=(1720 \pm 10 \pm 60)$~MeV
and $\Gamma=(280\pm 10 \pm 70)$~MeV, respectively.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
A history of Proterozoic terranes in southern South America : from Rodinia to Gondwana

The role played by Paleoproterozoic cratons in southern South America from the Mesoproterozoic to the Early Cambrian is reconsidered here. This period involved protracted continental amalgamation that led to formation of the supercontinent Rodinia, followed by Neoproterozoic continental break-up, with the consequent opening of Clymene and Iapetus oceans, and finally continental re-assembly as Gondwana through complex oblique collisions in the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian. The evidence for this is based mainly on a combination of precise U-Pb SHRMP dating and radiogenic isotope data for igneous and metamorphic rocks from a large area extending from the Rio de la Plata craton in the east to the Argentine Precordillera in the west and as far north as Arequipa in Peru. Our interpretation of the paleogeographical and geodynamic evolution invokes a hypothetical Paleoproterozoic block (MARA) embracing basement ultimately older than 1.7 Ga in the Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina), the Arequipa block (Peru), the Rio Apa block (Brazil), and probably also the Paraguaia block (Bolivia).\ud
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Implications of 36Cl exposure ages from Skye, northwest Scotland for the timing of ice stream deglaciation and deglacial ice dynamics

The French national AMS facility ASTER (CEREGE, Aix en Provence) is supported by the INSU/CNRS, the ANR through the "Projets thématiques d’excellence" program for the "Equipements d’excellence" ASTER-CEREGE action, IRD and CEA. The authors would like to thank Shasta Marrero for helpful and informative discussion on the CRONUScalc online calculator. DS was supported by a SAGES studentship and fieldwork by funds from the QRA and BSG.Geochronological constraints on the deglaciation of former marine based ice streams provide information on the rates and modes by which marine based ice sheets have responded to external forcing factors such as climate change. This paper presents new 36Cl cosmic ray exposure dating from boulders located on two moraines (Glen Brittle and Loch Scavaig) in southern Skye, northwest Scotland. Ages from the Glen Brittle moraines constrain deglaciation of a major marine terminating ice stream, the Barra-Donegal Ice Stream that drained the former British-Irish Ice Sheet, depending on choice of production method and scaling model this occurred 19.9 ± 1.5–17.6 ± 1.3 ka ago. We compare this timing of deglaciation to existing geochronological data and changes in a variety of potential forcing factors constrained through proxy records and numerical models to determine what deglaciation age is most consistent with existing evidence. Another small section of moraine, the Scavaig moraine, is traced offshore through multibeam swath-bathymetry and interpreted as delimiting a later stillstand/readvance stage following ice stream deglaciation. Additional cosmic ray exposure dating from the onshore portion of this moraine indicate that it was deposited 16.3 ± 1.3–15.2 ± 0.9 ka ago. When calculated using the most up-to-date scaling scheme this time of deposition is, within uncertainty, the same as the timing of a widely identified readvance, the Wester Ross Readvance, observed elsewhere in northwest Scotland. This extends the area over which this readvance has potentially occurred, reinforcing the view that it was climatically forced.PostprintPeer reviewe
Methods of introduction of MgO nanoparticles into Bi-2212/Ag tapes

The effect of addition of ultra-fine MgO particles, obtained by Mg combustion, in Bi-2212/Ag tapes was investigated. Bi-2212/Ag tapes were prepared by coating and partial melt processing. Four different methods of MgO particles embedment were applied in green tape preparation; settlement of MgO in Bi-2212, pre-mixing of MgO in the solvent, deposition of the MgO into the solvent, and deposition of MgO onto the surface of Bi-2212. Microstructural studies of processed tapes show that uniformity of MgO particles distribution in Bi-2212 matrix depends on the methods of tape preparation. \ud
MgO particles, introduced in Bi-2212 matrix by all applied methods, significantly enhanced transport properties of the tapes. The Jc degradation with the increase of magnetic field and/or temperature in all doped samples was significantly lower compared to un-doped Bi-2212 samples. The best improvement was achieved when MgO particles were introduced into Bi-2212 matrix by settlement method of the tape coating. The improvement also depends on a magnitude of the magnetic field and operating temperatures
Ruthenium(II) dichloro or dithiocyanato complexes with 4,4′:2′,2″:4″,4‴-quaterpyridinium ligands : towards photosensitisers with enhanced low-energy absorption properties

Fourteen new complexes of the form cis-\[RuIIX2(R2qpy2+)2]4+ (R2qpy2+ = a 4,4′:2′,2″:4″,4‴-quaterpyridinium ligand, X = Cl− or NCS−) have been prepared and isolated as their PF6− salts. Characterisation involved various techniques including 1H NMR spectroscopy and +electrospray or MALDI mass spectrometry. The UV–Vis spectra display intense intraligand π → π∗ absorptions, and also metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands with two resolved maxima in the visible region. Red-shifts in the MLCT bands occur as the electron-withdrawing strength of the pyridinium groups increases, while replacing Cl− with NCS− causes blue-shifts. Cyclic voltammograms show quasi-reversible or reversible RuIII/II oxidation waves, and several ligand-based reductions that are irreversible. The variations in the redox potentials correlate with changes in the MLCT energies. A single-crystal X-ray structure has been obtained for a protonated form of a proligand salt, \[(4-(CO2H)Ph)2qpyH3+]\[HSO4]3·3H2O. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations give adequate correlations with the experimental UV–Vis spectra for the two carboxylic acid-functionalised complexes in DMSO. Despite their attractive electronic absorption spectra, these dyes are relatively inefficient photosensitisers on electrodes coated with TiO2 or ZnO. These observations are attributed primarily to weak electronic coupling with the surfaces, since the DFT-derived LUMOs include no electron density near the carboxylic acid anchors
Direct and long-range action of a DPP morphogen gradient.

During development of the Drosophila wing, the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene is expressed in a stripe of cells along the anteroposterior compartment boundary and gives rise to a secreted protein that exerts a long-range organizing influence on both compartments. Using clones of cells that express DPP, or in which DPP receptor activity has been constitutively activated or abolished, we show that DPP acts directly and at long range on responding cells, rather than by proxy through the short-range induction of other signaling molecules. Further, we show that two genes, optomotor-blind and spalt are transcriptionally activated at different distances from DPP-secreting cells and provide evidence that these genes respond to different threshold concentrations of DPP protein. We propose that DPP acts as a gradient morphogen during wing development
Search for heavy bottom-like quarks in 4.9 inverse femtobarns of pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for heavy bottom-like quarks, pair-produced in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, undertaken with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The b′ quarks are assumed to decay exclusively to tW. The b′b−′→tW−t−W+ process can be identified by its distinctive signatures of three leptons or two leptons of same charge, and at least one b-quark jet. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1, observed events are compared to the standard model background predictions, and the existence of b′ quarks having masses below 611 GeV/c 2 is excluded at 95% confidence level
Measuring economic journals’ citation efficiency: A data envelopment analysis approach

This paper by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and statistical inference evaluates the citation performance of 229 economic journals. The paper categorizes the journals into four main categories (A to D) based on their efficiency levels. The results are then compared to the 27 “core economic journals” as introduced by Dimond (1989). The results reveal that after more than twenty years Diamonds’ list of “core economic journals” is still valid. Finally, for the first time the paper uses data from four well-known databases (SSCI, Scopus, RePEc, Econlit) and two quality ranking reports (Kiel Institute internals ranking and ABS quality ranking report) in a DEA setting and in order to derive the ranking of 229 economic journals. The ten economic journals with the highest citation performance are Journal of Political Economy, Econometrica, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Journal of Financial Economics, Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Review, Review of Economic Studies, Journal of Econometrics, Journal of Finance, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity.
On violations of Le Chatelier’s principle for a temperature change in small systems observed for short times

Le Chatelier's principle states that when a system is disturbed, it will shift its equilibrium to counteract the disturbance. However for a chemical reaction in a small, confined system, the probability of observing it proceed in the opposite direction to that predicted by Le Chatelier's principle, can be significant. This work gives a molecular level proof of Le Chatelier's principle for the case of a temperature change. Moreover, a new, exact mathematical expression is derived that is valid for arbitrary system sizes and gives the relative probability that a single experiment will proceed in the endothermic or exothermic direction, in terms of a microscopic phase function. We show that the average of the time integral of this function is the maximum possible value of the purely irreversible entropy production for the thermal relaxation process. Our result is tested against computer simulations of the unfolding of a polypeptide. We prove that any equilibrium reaction mixture on average responds to a temperature increase by shifting its point of equilibrium in the endothermic direction.Full Tex
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV in final states with missing transverse momentum and b-jets

Results are presented of a search for supersymmetric particles in events with large missing transverse momentum and at least one heavy flavour jet candidate in View the MathML sources=7 TeV proton–proton collisions. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1 recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, no significant excess is observed with respect to the prediction for Standard Model processes. For R  -parity conserving models in which sbottoms (stops) are the only squarks to appear in the gluino decay cascade, gluino masses below 590 GeV (520 GeV) are excluded at the 95% C.L. The results are also interpreted in an MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetry breaking scenario with View the MathML sourcetanβ=40 and in an SO(10) model framework.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhl, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus: CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada: CERN; CONICYT, Chile: CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco: FOM and NWO, Netherlands: RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Search for new particles decaying to ZZ using final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector in root s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search is presented for a narrow resonance decaying to a pair of Z   bosons using data corresponding to 1.02 fb−11.02 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS experiment from pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=7 TeV. Events containing either four charged leptons (ℓℓℓℓℓℓℓℓ) or two charged leptons and two jets (ℓℓjjℓℓjj) are analyzed and found to be consistent with the Standard Model background expectation. Lower limits on a resonance mass are set using the Randall–Sundrum (RS1) graviton model as a benchmark. Using both ℓℓℓℓℓℓℓℓ and ℓℓjjℓℓjj events, an RS1 graviton with View the MathML sourcek/m¯pl=0.1 and mass between 325 and 845 GeV is excluded at 95%95% confidence level. In addition, the ℓℓℓℓℓℓℓℓ events are used to set a model-independent fiducial cross section limit of View the MathML sourceσfid(pp→X→ZZ)<0.92pb at 95% confidence level for any new sources of ZZ   production with mZZmZZ greater than 300 GeV.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Patterns of disease progression in type 2 and 3 SMA :
                    Implications for clinical trials

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License CC BY NC-ND 4.0 ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.The aim of the study was to establish 12-month changes in the Hammersmith Functional motor scale in a large cohort of SMA patients, to identify patterns of disease progression and the effect of different variables. 268 patients were included in this multicentric study. Their age ranged between 2.5 and 55.5 years at baseline, 68 were ambulant and 200 non-ambulant. The baseline scores ranged between 0 and 66 (mean 23.91, SD 20.09). The 12-month change was between -14 and +9 (mean -0.56, SD 2.72). Of the 268 patients, 206 (76.86%) had changes between -2 and +2 points. Ambulant and non-ambulant subjects had a different relationship between baseline values and age (p for age X ambulation interaction???=???0.007). There was no association with age in ambulant subjects, while there was a significant heterogeneity at different age for non-ambulant patients (p???<???0.001). The 12-month change (adjusted for baseline) was not associated with age in ambulant patients (p???=???0.34), but it was significantly different among various age groups in non-ambulant patients. Our results suggest that there are different profiles of progression in ambulant and non-ambulant patients, and that age may play an important role in the progression of non-ambulant patients