pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Puzzle about Further Facts

In metaphysics, there are a number of distinct but related questions about the existence of “further facts”—facts that are contingent relative to the physical structure of the universe. These include further facts about qualia, personal identity, and time. In this article I provide a sequence of examples involving computer simulations, ranging from one in which the protagonist can clearly conclude such further facts exist to one that describes our own condition. This raises the question of where along the sequence (if at all) the protagonist stops being able to soundly conclude that further facts exist
Weak localization in mesoscopic hole transport: Berry phases and
  classical correlations

We consider phase-coherent transport through ballistic and diffusive
two-dimensional hole systems based on the Kohn-Luttinger Hamiltonian. We show
that intrinsic heavy-hole light-hole coupling gives rise to clear-cut
signatures of an associated Berry phase in the weak localization which renders
the magneto-conductance profile distinctly different from electron transport.
Non-universal classical correlations determine the strength of these Berry
phase effects and the effective symmetry class, leading even to
antilocalization-type features for circular quantum dots and Aharonov-Bohm
rings in the absence of additional spin-orbit interaction. Our semiclassical
predictions are quantitatively confirmed by numerical transport calculations
New calibrations and time stability of the response of the INTERCAST CR-39

We present new calibrations of different production batches (from 1989 to 1999) of the INTERCAST CR-39, using the BNL-AGS 1 A GeV iron beam. The comparison with previous results, obtained with the 158 A GeV lead beam from the CERN-SPS shows that, while each production batch has a different calibration curve (mainly due to minor differences in the production conditions), the aging effect is negligible. We also tested the dependence of the CR-39 response from the time elapsed between exposure and analysis (fading effect). The fading effect, if present, is less than 10%. It may be compatible with the experimental uncertainties on the bulk etching rate vB
The relationship between knowledge structure and curriculum: a case study in sociology

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Studies in Higher Education on 22 May 2009, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/03075070902772018.This article aims to address a theoretical question, ‘what is the relationship between knowledge structure and curriculum structure?’, by answering an empirical, context-specific question, ‘what drives and legitimates the curriculum in one sociology department?’, with an emphasis on surfacing the ‘recontextualising rules’ at work in this particular institutional context. These questions were explored by conducting a case study in the wake of a departmental review. The conceptual framework for the article is based on Bernstein’s sociology of education and on those who have developed his work further. The findings support Bernstein’s characterisation of sociology as a discipline with weak external boundaries, a horizontal segmental structure and a ‘weak grammar’, and, it is suggested, with knowledge claims that tend to be legitimated by social rather than epistemic relations. In this particular case study, the horizontal, segmental structure of the discipline was seen to be reflected in a curriculum that currently lacks coherence and cohesion
A mixed effect model for bivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies using a copula representation of the random effects distribution

Diagnostic test accuracy studies typically report the number of true positives, false positives, true negatives and false negatives. There usually exists a negative association between the number of true positives and true negatives, because studies that adopt less stringent criterion for declaring a test positive invoke higher sensitivities and lower specificities. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) is currently recommended to synthesize diagnostic test accuracy studies. We propose a copula mixed model for bivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Our general model includes the GLMM as a special case and can also operate on the original scale of sensitivity and specificity. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves are deduced for the proposed model through quantile regression techniques and different characterizations of the bivariate random effects distribution. Our general methodology is demonstrated with an extensive simulation study and illustrated by re-analysing the data of two published meta-analyses. Our study suggests that there can be an improvement on GLMM in fit to data and makes the argument for moving to copula random effects models. Our modelling framework is implemented in the package CopulaREMADA within the open source statistical environment R
Effect of interlamellar spacing on the elastoplastic behavior of C70 pearlitic steel: Experimental results and self-consistent modeling

The effect of pearlite microstructure characteristics on strength and deformation of C70 pearlitic steel was investigated. Tensile tests under X-ray diffraction coupled with self-consistent model have been used to identify the role of interlamellar spacing on the ferrite plasticity parameters and residual stress induced by plasticity. Tests have been carried out on two pearlitic microstructures with interlamellar spacing Sp = 170 and 230 nm respectively. Ferrite critical shear stresses ðs0c ðaÞÞ are equal to 75–86 MPa for interlamellar spacing Sp = 230 nm and 105–120 MPa for interlamellar spacing Sp = 170 nm. Moreover, the compressive residual stress measured in ferrite phase is higher in elasto-plastically deformed sample (total strain of E11 = 1.2%) having larger interlamellar spacing (rR Fea ¼  161 MPa for Sp = 230 nm and rR Fea ¼  77 MPa for Sp = 170 nm)
Managing the variability of biomechanical characteristics before the preliminary design stage of a medical device

The very high level of requirements for certification procedures often limit research and development departments to innovate using increments and iterations during the design process for medical devices (MD). Instead of this semi-empirical approach, a structured procedure, a breakthrough innovation should be used when designing an articular MD (prosthesis, implant). The search for concepts can be based on functional analysis and producing behavioural models of the joint in its natural state and/or equipped with the prosthesis. This paper shows how anatomical variables can be managed and integrated using a modular design approach.This study has been realized under the two joint action projects PESSOA 14630YA and PTDC/EME-PME/112977
Investigating the drivers of maturation dynamics in Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

Changes in size and age at maturation of many exploited fish stocks have been investigated and the influences of environmental factors and exploitation have often been inferred, but not explicitly investigated. Here we determine probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) for Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) using generalized linear models (GLMs) and mixed effect models (GLMMs), which account for the correlation among samples within a tow station, and investigate the effects of fishing mortality, environmental factors (NAO, water temperature, and salinity), and potential density dependence or species interaction effects. We found little evidence of a consistent trend in maturation tendencies for Barents Sea haddock for cohorts 1983–2003, ages 4–6 years. Female haddock matured at larger lengths for a given age than males, but overall patterns were similar for both sexes. The GLMM approach gave consistently higher PMRN midpoint estimates than the GLM approach, which indicated that PMRNs that do not account for correlations within the data may bias estimates. Environmental factors, rather than exploitation, density dependence, or species interactions, were responsible for the observed changes in size and age at maturation in Barents Sea haddock during the late 1980s through early 2000s. Little evidence of fisheries-induced evolution was found in these fish over the time period investigated. The lack of a significant temporal trend in maturation may be due to several challenges in estimating representative population parameters for this stock, the trait change being in a period of stasis or reversal, or adaptation by the fish to higher exploitation in the past resulting in negligible evolutionary selection during the study period when exploitation has been more moderate
Robust control of underactuated wheeled mobile manipulators using GPI disturbance observers

This article describes the design of a linear observer–linear controller-based robust output feedback scheme for output reference trajectory tracking tasks in the case of nonlinear, multivariable, nonholonomic underactuated mobile manipulators. The proposed linear feedback scheme is based on the use of a classical linear feedback controller and suitably extended, high-gain, linear Generalized Proportional Integral (GPI) observers, thus aiding the linear feedback controllers to provide an accurate simultaneous estimation of each flat output associated phase variables and of the exogenous and perturbation inputs. This information is used in the proposed feedback controller in (a) approximate, yet close, cancelations, as lumped unstructured time-varying terms, of the influence of the highly coupled nonlinearities, and (b) the devising of proper linear output feedback control laws based on the approximate estimates of the string of phase variables associated with the flat outputs simultaneously provided by the disturbance observers. Simulations reveal the effectiveness of the proposed approach
Train-induced pressure on pedestrians

A simple analytical model for the train-induced flow and its effects on pedestrians is presented in this paper. The expressions developed for the induced air velocity and pressure on the pedestrian surface, as well as their dependence with time, are obtained from unsteady potential theory. The relevant parameters and their effects are analysed, in particular the sensitivity of the pressure coefficient and its rate of change on the train and pedestrian transverse size, the distance to the tracks and the pressure measurement location on the pedestrian surface. In spite of the extreme simplicity of the model and the expressions obtained, good correlation is observed with previously existing experiments. With this work, an absence of published studies concerning analytical approaches to the problem of vehicle-induced pressure on pedestrians is intended to be covered, allowing for simplified testing procedures
Non-SUSY fractional branes

We consider a simplified Ansatz for supergravity solutions describing fractional p -brane solutions (throat geometries supported by fluxes) for various p . For p = 3 the Ansatz captures the Klebanov-Tseytlin (KT) solution. The equations of motion can be derived from an effective action by performing a dimensional reduction to a flat domain wall geometry in p + 2 dimensions. We find an interesting deformation of the known superpotential defining the SUSY domain wall flow. The deformation parameter breaks supersymmetry but still preserves the property that a test D p brane feels no force inside the throat. The new solutions come in two classes. Both classes have the same UV asymptotics as the KT solution and one class has also similar IR behavior, which makes them potentially interesting holographic backgrounds for studying cascading gauge theories with broken SUSY. We explain furthermore how the curved domain wall solutions of the same ( p + 2)-dimensional theories are expected to lift to new AdS compactifications of type IIA/B supergravity
Dual parametrization of generalized parton distributions in two equivalent representations

The dual parametrization and the Mellin-Barnes integral approach represent two frameworks for handling the double partial wave expansion of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in the conformal partial waves and in the t -channel SO(3) partial waves. Within the dual parametrization framework, GPDs are represented as integral convolutions of forward-like functions whose Mellin moments generate the conformal moments of GPDs. The Mellin-Barnes integral approach is based on the analytic continuation of the GPD conformal moments to the complex values of the conformal spin. GPDs are then represented as the Mellin-Barnes-type integrals in the complex conformal spin plane. In this paper we explicitly show the equivalence of these two independently developed GPD representations. Furthermore, we clarify the notions of the J = 0 fixed pole and the D -form factor. We also provide some insight into GPD modeling and map the phenomenologically successful Kumerički-Müller GPD model to the dual parametrization framework by presenting the set of the corresponding forward-like functions. We also build up the reparametrization procedure allowing to recast the double distribution representation of GPDs in the Mellin-Barnes integral framework and present the explicit formula for mapping double distributions into the space of double partial wave amplitudes with complex conformal spin
An integrated assessment of two decades of air pollution policy making in Spain: Impacts, costs and improvements

This paper analyses the effects of policy making for air pollution abatement in Spain between 2000 and 2020 under an integrated assessment approach with the AERIS model for number of pollutants (NOx/NO2, PM10/PM2.5, O3, SO2, NH3 and VOC). The analysis of the effects of air pollution focused on different aspects: compliance with the European limit values of Directive 2008/50/EC for NO2 and PM10 for the Spanish air quality management areas; the evaluation of impacts caused by the deposition of atmospheric sulphur and nitrogen on ecosystems; the exceedance of critical levels of NO2 and SO2 in forest areas; the analysis of O3-induced crop damage for grapes, maize, potato, rice, tobacco, tomato, watermelon and wheat; health impacts caused by human exposure to O3 and PM2.5; and costs on society due to crop losses (O3), disability-related absence of work staff and damage to buildings and public property due to soot-related soiling (PM2.5). In general, air quality policy making has delivered improvements in air quality levels throughout Spain and has mitigated the severity of the impacts on ecosystems, health and vegetation in 2020 as target year. The findings of this work constitute an appropriate diagnosis for identifying improvement potentials for further mitigation for policy makers and stakeholders in Spain
Phase distribution identification in the column leaching of low grade ores using MRI

Heap bioleaching is gaining importance as an approach for the recovery of valuable metals (e.g. Cu2+) from low grade ores. In this process iron and/or sulfur oxidising microorganisms are used to aid the oxidation of base metal sulfides in the ore, thereby liberating the metal ions into solution. Leach performance is strongly influenced by the contacting of the leach solution and the ore particles. In order to better understand the distribution of the leaching solution on the pore scale in these heaps, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to acquire images non-invasively of a section of an irrigated ore bed. This was made possible by the use of specialist MRI acquisition sequences suited to the magnetically heterogeneous environment as presented by the ore material. From the images we were able to determine the pore-occupancy of the liquid and gas phases and to provide novel measurement of the interfacial area between air, leach solution and ore
Local representations of change and conservation of the riparian forests along the São Francisco River (Northeast Brazil).

Investigations of local representations about the environment allow for the elucidation of historical landscape transformation and the elaboration of strategies for environmental conservation. Thus, this study aimed to answer the following questions. How does the local population represent the possible changes in riparian vegetation over time? What historical events were responsible for these possible changes? How does the local population represent concerns related to the use andmaintenance of riparian vegetation? This study was carried out with 87 informants from three communities: two rural ex-settlement communities and one quilombo in Northeastern Brazil. According to the informants, therewere changes in the riparian vegetation. Themain causes of these changes include the type of agriculture practiced in the region and the building of a large dam to provide water to the city of Sobradinho in the state of Bahia. However, there was no significant difference between the number of informants who said that the changes were for the worse and those who said that they were for the better. In addition, the respondents reported an increase in the abundance of exotic species and a decrease in the abundance of native species. Thus, the importance of including this group of people in the process of the forest restoration that will occur in the region is emphasized because they possess information about the past vegetation changes and their causes. They can also indicatewhich species should be prioritized for replanting according to their usage needs and they understand the importance of conserving riparian vegetation.201
Convexity and the quantum many-body problem

International audienceWe recall some properties of convex functions and, in particular, of the sum of the largest eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix. From these properties a new estimate of an arbitrary eigenvalue of a sum of Hermitian matrices is derived, which in turn is used to compute an approximate associated spectral projector. These estimates are applied for the first time to explain the generic spectral features of quantum systems. As an application of the formalism, we explain the preponderance of certain ground-state angular momenta as observed in the vibron model with random interactions. We show that the evolution of eigenstates can be predicted from the knowledge of a limited number of spectra and investigate the effect of a three-body interaction in the vibron model on eigenenergies and eigenvectors
A spectral method for the wave equation of divergence-free vectors and symmetric tensors inside a sphere

25 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Journal of Computational Physics.International audienceThe wave equation for vectors and symmetric tensors in spherical coordinates is studied under the divergence-free constraint. We describe a numerical method, based on the spectral decomposition of vector/tensor components onto spherical harmonics, that allows for the evolution of only those scalar fields which correspond to the divergence-free degrees of freedom of the vector/tensor. The full vector/tensor field is recovered at each time-step from these two (in the vector case), or three (symmetric tensor case) scalar fields, through the solution of a first-order system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) for each spherical harmonic. The correspondence with the poloidal-toroidal decomposition is shown for the vector case. Numerical tests are presented using an explicit Chebyshev-tau method for the radial coordinate
The Neogene Xiyu Formation, a diachronous prograding gravel wedge at front of the Tianshan: Climatic and tectonic implications

International audienceThe Tarim and Junggar basins in central Asia are capped by a thick pile of conglomerates, called the Xiyu Formation, that are commonly linked to a change in climate and/or accelerated uplift near the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. In order to better understand their origin and significance, we carried out a combined structural and magnetostratigraphic study in the Quilitage syncline (southern Tianshan), where the base of the Xiyu conglomerates is observed at both sides of the syncline. A balanced cross-section shows that, even at a local-scale, the base of the Xiyu conglomerates cannot be regarded as a single continuous stratigraphic layer. On the southern flank of the Quilitage syncline, we collected 172 samples collected for magnetostratigraphic dating identify 17 polarity chrons that date the new section from 5.2 to ~ 1.7 Ma and constrain the base of the Xiyu conglomerate here at ~ 1.7 Ma. This is 4.2 Ma younger than the age of the Xiyu previously found on the northern limb of the same syncline. Together with other magnetostratigraphic studies carried out around the Tianshan, our study unambiguously demonstrates that the onset of deposition of the Xiyu conglomerates is diachronous, and that the conglomerates are systematically younger toward the basin. Consequently, the Xiyu Formation should not be considered as a chronostratigraphic marker related to any particular tectonic or climatic event, but is instead a prograding gravel wedge that has prograded over the underthrusting forelands. A synthesis of chronologic and structural results yields progradation rates over the last 10 Ma on the order of ~ 2.0 mm/yr and ~ 3.9 mm/yr south and north of the Tianshan Mountains respectively. These rates are comparable to the shortening rate across the Tianshan range, suggesting that underthrusting is the main factor governing the progradation rate of the Xiyu Formation
The deconstruction of a text: the permanence of the generalized Zipf law- the inter-textual relationship between entropy and effort amount

International audienceZipf’s law has intrigued people for a long time. This distribution models a certain type of statistical regularity observed in a text. George K. Zipf showed that, if a word is characterised by its frequency, then, rank and frequency are not independent and approximately verify the relationship:Rank * frequency = constantVarious explanations have been advanced to explain this law. In this article, we talk about the Mandelbrot process, which includes two very different approaches. In the first ap- proach, Mandelbrot studies language generation as the transmission of a signal and bases it on information theory, using the entropy concept. In the second, geometric approach, he draws a parallel with the fractal theory, where each word of the text is a sequence of characters framed by two separators, meaning a simple geometric pattern. This leads us to hypothesise that, since the statistical regularities observed have several possible explana- tions, Zipf’s law carries other patterns. To verify this hypothesis, we chose a text, which we modified and degraded in several successive stages. We called Ti the text degraded at step i. We then segmented Ti into words. We found that rank and frequency were not independent and approximately verified the relationship:〖rank〗^(β_i ) * frequency = constant[ 1
Could it be the case that if I am right my opponents will be pleased? A rejoinder to Johnson-Laird, Byrne and Girotto

I take up the four issues considered by Johnson-Laird, Byrne and Girotto in their reply to Politzer (2007). Based on the conceptual clarification which they adduce, it seems that the disagreement can be settled about the first one (truth functionality) and can be attenuated about the second one (the paradoxes of material implication). However, I maintain and refine my criticisms on the last two (negation and the probability of conditionals), backed up by considerations borrowed from the perspective of the conditional probability semantics for conditionals
Slotted waveguide antenna with a near-field focused beam in one plane

International audienceA slotted waveguide providing a two dimensional near-field focused beam is presented in this paper. This antenna focuses the beam in the E-plane and provides a wide beam in the H-plane in order to illuminate a linear array, as reflect-or transmit-array antenna with a small width (100mm) and a very large length (1530mm) located in the near-field region. The simulated field distribution on the array is found to be in very good agreement with the measurement of a prototype at 9.41GHz