pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Low-Energy Effective Action in N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory

We consider N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory formulated in terms of N=2
superfields in harmonic superspace. Using the background field method we define
manifestly gauge invariant and N=2 supersymmetric effective action depending on
N=2 strength superfields and develop a general procedure for its calculation in
one-loop approximation. Explicit form for this effective action is found for
the case of SU(2) gauge group broken down to U(1).Comment: 4 pages, Talk given at the 32nd International Symposium Ahrenshoop on
  the Theory of Elementary Particles, Buckow, Germany, Sept. 1-5, 1998, to
  appear in the Proceeding
Remarks on the Atiyah-Hitchin metric

We outline the construction of the Atiyah-Hitchin metric on the moduli space
of SU(2) BPS monopoles with charge 2, first as an algebraic curve in C^3
following Donaldson and then as a solution of the Toda field equations in the
continual large N limit. We adopt twistor methods to solve the underlying
uniformization problem, which by the generalized Legendre transformation yield
the Kahler coordinates and the Kahler potential of the metric. We also comment
on the connection between twistors and the Seiberg-Witten construction of
quantum moduli spaces, as they arise in three dimensional supersymmetric gauge
theories, and briefly address the uniformization of algebraic curves in C^3 in
the context of large N Toda theory. (Based on talks delivered in September 1998
at the 32nd International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary
Particles, Buckow; the 21st Triangular Meeting on Quantum Field Theory, Crete
and the TMR meeting on Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and
Unification, Corfu; to be published in the proceedings in Fortschritte der
Physik.)Comment: 11 pages, late
Phenomenology of Large N_c QCD

These lectures are designed to introduce the methods and results of large N_c
QCD in a presentation intended for nuclear and particle physicists alike.
Beginning with definitions and motivations of the approach, we demonstrate that
all quark and gluon Feynman diagrams are organized into classes based on powers
of 1/N_c. We then show that this result can be translated into definite
statements about mesons and baryons containing arbitrary numbers of
constituents. In the mesons, numerous well-known phenomenological properties
follow as immediate consequences of simply counting powers of N_c, while for
the baryons, quantitative large N_c analyses of masses and other properties are
seen to agree with experiment, even when ``large'' N_c is set equal to its
observed value of 3. Large N_c reasoning is also used to explain some simple
features of nuclear interactions.Comment: 34 pages, 14 eps figures, latex (revtex), uses epsf. Lectures
  presented at 11th Indian-Summer School of Nuclear Physics, Charles
  University, Prague, September, 1998; to appear in Czech J. Phy
Non-conservative evolution in Algols: where is the matter?

There is gathering indirect evidence suggesting non-conservative evolutions
in Algols. However, the systemic mass-loss rate is poorly constrained by
observations and generally set as a free parameter in binary-star evolution
simulations. Moreover, systemic mass loss may lead to observational signatures
that are still to be found. We investigate the impact of the outflowing gas and
the possible presence of dust grains on the spectral energy distribution (SED).
We used the 1D plasma code Cloudy and compared the results with the 3D
Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code Skirt for dusty simulations. The
circumbinary mass-distribution and binary parameters are computed with
state-of-the-art binary calculations done with the Binstar evolution code. The
outflowing material reduces the continuum flux-level of the stellar SED in the
optical and UV. Due to the time-dependence of this effect, it may help to
distinguish between different ejection mechanisms. Dust, if present, leads to
observable infrared excesses even with low dust-to-gas ratios and traces the
cold material at large distances from the star. By searching for such dust
emission in the WISE catalogue, we found a small number of Algols showing
infrared excesses, among which the two rather surprising objects SX Aur and CZ
Vel. We find that some binary B[e] stars show the same strong Balmer continuum
as we predict with our models. However, direct evidence of systemic mass loss
is probably not observable in genuine Algols, since these systems no longer
eject mass through the hotspot mechanism. Furthermore, owing to its high
velocity, the outflowing material dissipates in a few hundred years. If hot
enough, the hotspot may produce highly ionised species such as SiIV and
observable characteristics that are typical of W Ser systems.Comment: Accepted for piblications in A&A; 21 pages, 19 figure
Boltzmann-conserving classical dynamics in quantum time-correlation
  functions: Matsubara dynamics

We show that a single change in the derivation of the linearized
semiclassical-initial value representation (LSC-IVR or classical Wigner
approximation) results in a classical dynamics which conserves the quantum
Boltzmann distribution. We rederive the (standard) LSC-IVR approach by writing
the (exact) quantum time-correlation function in terms of the normal modes of a
free ring-polymer (i.e. a discrete imaginary-time Feynman path), taking the
limit that the number of polymer beads $N \to \infty$, such that the lowest
normal-mode frequencies take their Matsubara values. The change we propose is
to truncate the quantum Liouvillian, not explicitly in powers of $\hbar^2$ at
$\hbar^0$ (which gives back the standard LSC-IVR approximation), but in the
normal-mode derivatives corresponding to the lowest Matsubara frequencies. The
resulting Matsubara dynamics is inherently classical (since all terms
$\mathcal{O}\left(\hbar^{2}\right)$ disappear from the Matsubara Liouvillian in
the limit $N \to \infty$), and conserves the quantum Boltzmann distribution
because the Matsubara Hamiltonian is symmetric with respect to imaginary-time
translation. Numerical tests show that the Matsubara approximation to the
quantum time-correlation function converges with respect to the number of
modes, and gives better agreement than LSC- IVR with the exact quantum result.
Matsubara dynamics is too computationally expensive to be applied to complex
systems, but its further approximation may lead to practical methods
Dynamical Semigroups for Unbounded Repeated Perturbation of Open System

We consider dynamical semigroups with unbounded Kossakowski-Lindblad-Davies
generators which are related to evolution of an open system with a tuned
repeated harmonic perturbation. Our main result is the proof of existence of
uniquely determined minimal trace-preserving strongly continuous dynamical
semigroups on the space of density matrices. The corresponding dual W
*-dynamical system is shown to be unital quasi-free and completely positive
automorphisms of the CCR-algebra. We also comment on the action of dynamical
semigroups on quasi-free states
Conformal Invariance in the Long-Range Ising Model

We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising
model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a
nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of
the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal
invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to
second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with
conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all
orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range
Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A
detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising
model is also included and may be of independent interest.Comment: 52pp; V2: refs added; V3: ref added, published versio
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}W$ and $t\bar{t}Z$ production cross sections
  in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 \mathrm{\ Te\kern -0.1em V}$ with the
  ATLAS detector

The production cross sections of top-quark pairs in association with massive
vector bosons have been measured using data from $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =
8 \mathrm{\ Te\kern -0.1em V}$. The dataset corresponds to an integrated
luminosity of $20.3\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the ATLAS detector in 2012
at the LHC. Final states with two, three or four leptons are considered. A fit
to the data considering the $t\bar{t}W$ and $t\bar{t}Z$ processes
simultaneously yields a significance of $5.0\sigma$ ($4.2\sigma$) over the
background-only hypothesis for $t\bar{t}W$ ($t\bar{t}Z$) production. The
measured cross sections are $\sigma_{t\bar{t}W} = 369^{+100}_{-91}$ fb and
$\sigma_{t\bar{t}Z} = 176^{+58}_{-52}$ fb. The background-only hypothesis with
neither $t\bar{t}W$ nor $t\bar{t}Z$ production is excluded at $7.1\sigma$. All
measurements are consistent with next-to-leading-order calculations for the
$t\bar{t}W$ and $t\bar{t}Z$ processes.Comment: 31 pages plus author list + cover pages (47 pages total), 11
  figures,8 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-05
The EBLM project I. Physical and orbital parameters, including spin-orbit angles, of two low-mass eclipsing binaries on opposite sides of the brown dwarf limit

This paper introduces a series of papers aiming to study the dozens of low-mass eclipsing binaries (EBLM), with F, G, K primaries, that have been discovered in the course of the WASP survey. Our objects are mostly single-line binaries whose eclipses have been detected by WASP and were initially followed up as potential planetary transit candidates. These have bright primaries, which facilitates spectroscopic observations during transit and allows the study of the spin-orbit distribution of F, G, K+M eclipsing binaries through the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. Here we report on the spin-orbit angle of WASP-30b, a transiting brown dwarf, and improve its orbital parameters. We also present the mass, radius, spin-orbit angle and orbital parameters of a new eclipsing binary, J1219–39b (1SWAPJ121921.03–395125.6, TYC 7760-484-1), which, with a mass of 95 ± 2   Mjup, is close to the limit between brown dwarfs and stars. We find that both objects have projected spin-orbit angles aligned with their primaries’ rotation. Neither primaries are synchronous. J1219–39b has a modestly eccentric orbit and is in agreement with the theoretical mass-radius relationship, whereas WASP-30b lies above it.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Tapology : a game-based platform to facilitate e-health and e-inclusion

This project was part funded by a grant to K. Scott-Brown from Scottish Crucible, and further supported by the iAge Project (iAge:e-inclusion in ageing Europe; www.iageproject.eu).We have developed a tablet computer game app for low vision users that can be used to introduce a platform for gaming, internet and visual rehabilitation to older users who have not had prior experience with information communication technology (ICT). Our target user group is people diagnosed with Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The primary goal of the app is to present a fun and engaging means for participants to engage with Information Communication Technology (ICT). A long-term goal of the project is to build a platform to gather data on current and on-going visual function by creating a suite of games that could generate sufficient regular visual engagement to enable perceptual learning in the preserved peripheral retina that is spared in AMD. The inclusive design process took into consideration the perceptual and cognitive constraints of the user group in. The ‘Tapology©’ app was formally launched at a large computer games festival where we gathered data from a range of users to inform the development of the gameplay. The initial results and feedback inform the ultimate goal of creating a suite of applications that have a wide social and geographic reach to promote and inform e-inclusion and e-health.PostprintNon peer reviewe
??This is the country of premature old men?: Ageing and Aged Miners in the South Wales Coalfield, c.1880-1947?

This article considers the effects of work in the south Wales coal industry either side of the turn of the twentieth century and, specifically, the ways in which work aged workers prematurely. It examines the consequences of working practices for miners? bodies, the expedients utilized by miners to try and cope with the effects of premature ageing, and the consequences for their living standards, experiences and status. It situates these phenomena in the contexts of industrial relations and welfare provision. In so doing, the article engages with historiographies of the life-cycle, the aged, and pensions provision in modern Britain.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Reconstruction of changes in the Weddell Sea sector of the Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum

A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1a. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community
An experimental investigation of biodiesel steam\ud
reforming

Recently, liquid biofuels have attracted increasing attention as renewable feedstock for hydrogen production in the transport sector. Since the lack of hydrogen infrastructure and distribution poses an obstacle for the introduction of fuel cell vehicles to the market, it is reasonable to consider using liquid biofuels for on-board or on-site hydrogen generation. Biodiesel offers the advantage of being an environmentally friendly resource while also having high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. The present study constitutes an experimental investigation of biodiesel steam reforming, the main emphasis of which is placed on finding optimum operating conditions in order to avoid catalyst deactivation. Temperature was varied from 600 °C to 800 °C, pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar and the molar steam-to-carbon ratio from 3 to 5. Based on the experimental results, coke formation and sintering are identified as the main deactivation mechanisms. Initiation of catalyst deactivation primarily depends on catalyst inlet temperature and feed mass flow per open area of catalyst. By using a metallic based precious metal catalyst, applying low feed flow rates (31 g/h∙cm2) and a sufficiently high catalyst inlet temperature (>750 °C) coking can be minimized, thus avoiding catalyst deactivation. A stable product gas composition close to chemical equilibrium has been achieved over 100 h with a biodiesel conversion rate of 99%
Maturation of lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells from myofibroblastic precursors is critical for antiviral immunity.

The stromal scaffold of the lymph node (LN) paracortex is built by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Conditional ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) expression in LN FRCs and their mesenchymal progenitors in developing LNs revealed that LTβR-signaling in these cells was not essential for the formation of LNs. Although T cell zone reticular cells had lost podoplanin expression, they still formed a functional conduit system and showed enhanced expression of myofibroblastic markers. However, essential immune functions of FRCs, including homeostatic chemokine and interleukin-7 expression, were impaired. These changes in T cell zone reticular cell function were associated with increased susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, myofibroblasic FRC precursors are able to generate the basic T cell zone infrastructure, whereas LTβR-dependent maturation of FRCs guarantees full immunocompetence and hence optimal LN function during infection
Laboratory recommendations for scoring deep molecular responses following treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has advanced to a stage where many patients achieve very low or undetectable levels of disease. Remarkably, some of these patients remain in sustained remission when treatment is withdrawn, suggesting that they may be at least operationally cured of their disease. Accurate definition of deep molecular responses (MRs) is therefore increasingly important for optimal patient management and comparison of independent data sets. We previously published proposals for broad standardized definitions of MR at different levels of sensitivity. Here we present detailed laboratory recommendations, developed as part of the European Treatment and Outcome Study for CML (EUTOS), to enable testing laboratories to score MR in a reproducible manner for CML patients expressing the most common BCR-ABL1 variants.Leukemia advance online publication, 27 February 2015; doi:10.1038/leu.2015.29
Costing RTS,S introduction in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda : a generalizable approach drawing on publicly available data

Recent results from the phase 3 trial of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine show that the vaccine induced partial protection against clinical malaria in infants and children; given the high burden of the disease it is currently considered for use in malaria endemic countries. To inform adoption decisions the paper proposes a generalizable methodology to estimate the cost of vaccine introduction using routinely collected and publicly available data from the cMYP, UNICEF, and WHO-CHOICE. Costing is carried out around a set of generic activities, assumptions, and inputs for delivery of immunization services adapted to a given country and deployment modality to capture among other factors the structure of the EPI program, distribution model, geography, and demographics particular to the setting. The methodology is applied to estimate the cost of RTS,S introduction in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Tanzania, and Uganda. At an assumed vaccine price of $5 per dose and given our assumptions on coverage and deployment strategy, we estimate total economic program costs for a 6-9 months cohort within $23.11-$28.28 per fully vaccinated child across the 6 countries. Net of procurement, costs at country level are substantial; for instance in Tanzania these could add as much as $4.2 million per year or an additional $2.4 per infant depending on the level of spare capacity in the system. Differences in cost of vaccine introduction across countries are primarily driven by differences in cost of labour. Overall estimates generated with the methodology result in costs within the ranges reported for other new vaccines introduced in SSA and capture multiple sources of heterogeneity in costs across countries. Further validation with data from field trials will support use of the methodology while also serving as a validation for cMYP and WHO-CHOICE as resources for costing health interventions in the region
Spring sea-ice algae and ice-edge phytoplankton communities from the Laptev Sea polynya in 2012

Climate system of the Arctic is currently undergoing evident changes. The retreat of sea ice from the Arctic regions during the last 30 years has been receiving considerable attention. The wind-forced Laptev Sea polynya is a major area of sea-ice production in the Arctic, and it is one of the key elements of environmental system of the Laptev Sea. It is therefore essential to improve our knowledge of the Laptev Sea polynya system, as the crucial shelf area with high level of biological activity, and significant contributor to primary production. To investigate the influence of polynya on hydrological and hydrobiological properties of the Laptev Sea shelf waters, oceanographic station sites were generally confined to the location of the polynya area during Russian-German expedition TRANSDRIFT XX. To reveal temporal variability of these characteristics, the measurements were repeated several times at the same sites between March 19 and April 24 of 2012. The ENVISAR ASAR satellite imagery shows the evolution of the coastal polynya during this time. Therefore, our phytoplankton and sea-ice algal records allowed us to trace the development of biological processes in the polynya area during the early spring. \ud
Results of microalgae study revealed, that diatoms, represented mainly by sea-ice species are the predominant group of algae both in sea-ice communities and phytoplankton in the Laptev Sea during the time observation. The single cells of heterotrophic dinoflagellates were reported mainly in the phytoplankton communities. Detail investigations of microalgae allowed us to infer the distinctive regional features of algae assemblages and theirs development during the time observation: At the stations located in the southernmost part of the Laptev Sea polynya, in the vicinity of the Lena River Delta sea-ice bottom diatom communities characterized by the greatest algal abundances and biomass, which gradually increased during the observation period and reached the maximum at the end of this period. The lowest biomass value observed under the fast-ice conditions
Measurement of the ttbar production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV in dilepton final states containing one tau lepton

The top-quark pair production cross section is measured in final states with one electron or muon and one hadronically decaying tau lepton from the process ttbar to (l nu[l]) (tau nu[tau]) bbbar, where l = e, mu. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The measured cross section sigma[ttbar] = 257 +/- 3 (stat) +/- 24 (syst) +/- 7 (lumi) pb, assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV, is consistent with the standard model prediction
Pico-electrochemistry in humidity-equilibrated electrolyte films on nano-cotton: Three- and four-point probe voltammetry and impedance

Cotton-extracted cellulose nanocrystals are spin-coated from aqueous suspension (0.6 wt%) onto glass slides to give ca. 40 nm thick films. Impregnation with LiCl and redox active Fe(CN)63−/4− into this film gives extremely thin redox active layers (typically 170 nm at 60% relative humidity), which were investigated with a 4-point or 3-point probe electrochemical system based on 250 μm diameter platinum wire probes. Both voltammetry and impedance measurements were performed and effects from humidity, concentrations, and time domain on measurements are reported. Only a pico-litre volume under the working electrode was “active” to give a novel electroanalytical “spot test”.status: publishe