pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical Properties of Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) in Ethylene Glycol/Water (EG/W) Mixture for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Cooling Application

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) operation is sensitive to micro electrochemical changes and can\ud
only tolerate a small temperature variation for optimal power generation. An effective cooling system is needed to comply with this condition. Nanofluids are perceived as a potential coolant for thermal management in PEMFC\ud
application that allows for more compact design. The dispersion of nanofluid in water-ethylene glycol base fluid enhances the thermal conductivity for improved heat transfer. The thermal conductivity, viscosity and electrical conductivity of different Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) concentrations diluted in Ethylene Glycol/Water (EG/W) mixtures of 40EG, 50EG and 60EG are reported. However, the electrical conductivity would contribute to electrical leakage and is a limiting factor for fuel cell operation. Highest value of thermal conductivity recorded is the dispersion of nanofluid in 40EG whereas the viscosity of SiO2 is the highest in 60EG dilution. Electrical conductivity is recorded the highest in EG/W 40:60% with 0.5% of SiO2. However, the electrical conductivity would contribute to electrical leakage and is a limiting factor for fuel cell operation
Observation of VHE γ-rays from Cassiopeia A with the MAGIC telescope

Aims:We searched for very high energy (VHE) γ-ray emission from the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A Methods: The shell-type supernova remnant Cassiopeia A was observed with the 17 m MAGIC telescope between July 2006 and January 2007 for a total time of 47 h. Results: The source was detected above an energy of 250 GeV with a significance of 5.2σ and a photon flux above 1 TeV of (7.3 ± 0.7_stat ± 2.2_sys) × 10-13 cm-2s-1. The photon spectrum is compatible with a power law dN/dE ∝ E-Γ with a photon index Γ = 2.3 ± 0.2_stat ± 0.2_sys. The source is point-like within the angular resolution of the telescope
Single-cell lysis for visual analysis by electron microscopy.

The stochastic nature of biological systems makes the study of individual cells a necessity in systems biology. Yet, handling and disruption of single cells and the analysis of the relatively low concentrations of their protein components still challenges available techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows for the analysis of proteins at the single-molecule level. Here, we present a system for single-cell lysis under light microscopy observation, followed by rapid uptake of the cell lysate. Eukaryotic cells were grown on conductively coated glass slides and observed by light microscopy. A custom-designed microcapillary electrode was used to target and lyse individual cells with electrical pulses. Nanoliter volumes were subsequently aspirated into the microcapillary and dispensed onto an electron microscopy grid for TEM inspection. We show, that the cell lysis and preparation method conserves protein structures well and is suitable for visual analysis by TEM
High constant incidence rates of second primary cancers of the head and neck: a pooled analysis of 13 cancer registries.

Scanty data are available on the incidence (i.e., the absolute risk) of second cancers of the head and neck (HN) and its pattern with age. We investigated this issue using data from a multicentric study of 13 population-based cancer registries from Europe, Canada, Australia and Singapore for the years 1943-2000. A total of 99,257 patients had a first primary HN cancer (15,985 tongue, 22,378 mouth, 20,758 pharyngeal, and 40,190 laryngeal cancer), contributing to 489,855 person-years of follow-up. A total of 1,294 of the patients (1.3%) were diagnosed with second HN cancers (342 tongue, 345 mouth, 418 pharynx and 189 larynx). Male incidence rates of first HN cancer steeply increased from 0.68/100,000 at age 30-34 to 46.2/100,000 at age 70-74, and leveled off at older age; female incidence increased from 0.50/100,000 at age 30-34 to 16.5/100,000 at age 80-84. However, age-specific incidence of second HN cancers after a first HN cancer in men was around 200-300/100,000 between age 40-44 and age 70-74 and tended to decline at subsequent ages (150/100,000 at age 80-84); in women, incidence of second HN cancers was around 200-300/100,000 between age 45-49 and 80-84. The patterns of age-specific incidence were consistent for different subsites of second HN cancer and sexes; moreover, they were similar for age-specific incidence of first primary HN cancer in patients who subsequently developed a second HN cancer. The incidence of second HN cancers does not increase with age, but remains constant, or if anything, decreases with advancing age
Variant ionotropic glutamate receptors as chemosensory receptors in Drosophila.

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate neuronal communication at synapses throughout vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. We have characterized a family of iGluR-related genes in Drosophila, which we name ionotropic receptors (IRs). These receptors do not belong to the well-described kainate, AMPA, or NMDA classes of iGluRs, and they have divergent ligand-binding domains that lack their characteristic glutamate-interacting residues. IRs are expressed in a combinatorial fashion in sensory neurons that respond to many distinct odors but do not express either insect odorant receptors (ORs) or gustatory receptors (GRs). IR proteins accumulate in sensory dendrites and not at synapses. Misexpression of IRs in different olfactory neurons is sufficient to confer ectopic odor responsiveness. Together, these results lead us to propose that the IRs comprise a novel family of chemosensory receptors. Conservation of IR/iGluR-related proteins in bacteria, plants, and animals suggests that this receptor family represents an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for sensing both internal and external chemical cues
Search for direct CP violation in D0 -> h- h+ modes using semileptonic B decays

A search for direct CP violation in D0→h−h+ (where h=K or π) is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb−1 collected in 2011 by LHCb in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The analysis uses D0 mesons produced in inclusive semileptonic b-hadron decays to the D0μX final state, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to tag the flavour of the D0 meson. The difference in the CP-violating asymmetries between the two decay channels is measured to be\ud
ΔACP=ACP(K−K+)−ACP(π−π+)=(0.49±0.30(stat)±0.14(syst))%.\ud
This result does not confirm the evidence for direct CP violation in the charm sector reported in other analyses
Magnetic Strings in Einstein-Born-Infeld-Dilaton Gravity

A class of spinning magnetic string in 4-dimensional Einstein-dilaton gravity
with Liouville type potential which produces a longitudinal nonlinear
electromagnetic field is presented. These solutions have no curvature
singularity and no horizon, but have a conic geometry. In these spacetimes,
when the rotation parameter does not vanish, there exists an electric field,
and therefore the spinning string has a net electric charge which is
proportional to the rotation parameter. Although the asymptotic behavior of
these solutions are neither flat nor (A)dS, we calculate the conserved
quantities of these solutions by using the counterterm method. We also
generalize these four-dimensional solutions to the case of $(n+1)$-dimensional
rotating solutions with $k\leq[n/2]$ rotation parameters, and calculate the
conserved quantities and electric charge of them.Comment: 15 pages, references added, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Quantitative investigation of calcimimetic R568 on beta-cell adhesion and mechanics using AFM single-cell force spectroscopy

In this study we use a novel approach to quantitatively investigate mechanical and interfacial\ud
properties of clonal b-cells using AFM-Single Cell Force Spectroscopy (SCFS). MIN6 cells were incubated\ud
for 48 h with 0.5 mMCa2+ ± the calcimimetic R568 (1 lM). AFM-SCFS adhesion and indentation\ud
experiments were performed by using modified tipless cantilevers. Hertz contact model was applied\ud
to analyse force–displacement (F–d) curves for determining elastic or Young’s modulus (E). Our\ud
results show CaSR-evoked increases in cell-to-cell adhesion parameters and E modulus of single\ud
cells, demonstrating that cytomechanics have profound effects on cell adhesion characterization
The Borsuk-Ulam theorem for maps into a surface

Let (X, t, S) be a triple, where S is a compact, connected surface without
boundary, and t is a free cellular involution on a CW-complex X. The triple (X,
t, S) is said to satisfy the Borsuk-Ulam property if for every continuous map
f:X-->S, there exists a point x belonging to X satisfying f(t(x))=f(x). In this
paper, we formulate this property in terms of a relation in the 2-string braid
group B_2(S) of S. If X is a compact, connected surface without boundary, we
use this criterion to classify all triples (X, t, S) for which the Borsuk-Ulam
property holds. We also consider various cases where X is not necessarily a
surface without boundary, but has the property that \pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to
the fundamental group of such a surface. If S is different from the 2-sphere
S^2 and the real projective plane RP^2, then we show that the Borsuk-Ulam
property does not hold for (X, t, S) unless either \pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to
\pi_1(RP^2), or \pi_1(X/t) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a compact,
connected non-orientable surface of genus 2 or 3 and S is orientable. In the
latter case, the veracity of the Borsuk-Ulam property depends further on the
choice of involution t; we give a necessary and sufficient condition for it to
hold in terms of the surjective homomorphism \pi_1(X/t)-->Z_2 induced by the
double covering X-->X/t. The cases S=S^2,RP^2 are treated separately.Comment: 31 page
High-pressure neutron study of the morphotropic PZT: phase transitions
  in a two-phase system

In piezoelectric ceramics the changes in the phase stabilities versus stress
and temperature in the vicinity of the phase boundary play a central role. The
present study was dedicated to the classical piezoelectric,
lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) ceramic with composition
Pb(Zr$_{0.54}$Ti$_{0.46}$)O$_3$ at the Zr-rich side of the morphotropic phase
boundary at which both intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to
piezoelectricity are significant. The pressure-induced changes in this
two-phase (rhombohedral $R3c$+monoclinic $Cm$ at room temperature and
$R3c+P4mm$ above 1 GPa pressures) system were studied by high-pressure neutron
powder diffraction technique. The experiments show that applying pressure
favors the $R3c$ phase, whereas the $Cm$ phase transforms continuously to the
$P4mm$, which is favored at elevated temperatures due to the competing entropy
term. The $Cm\rightarrow R3c$ phase transformation is discontinuous. The
transformation contributes to the extrinsic piezoelectricity. An important
contribution to the intrinsic piezoelectricity was revealed: a large
displacement of the $B$ cations (Zr and Ti) with respect to the oxygen anions
is induced by pressure. Above 600 K a phase transition to a cubic phase took
place. Balance between the competing terms dictates the curvature of the phase
boundary. After high-pressure experiments the amount of rhombohedral phase was
larger than initially, suggesting that on the Zr-rich side of the phase
boundary the monoclinic phase is metastable.Comment: 6 figure
The ROSAT BRIGHT survey: I. Identification of an AGN sample with hard
  ROSAT X-ray spectra

The ROSAT Bright Survey (RBS) aims to completely optically identify the more
than 2000 brightest sources detected in the ROSAT all-sky survey at galactic
latitudes |b| > 30 degr (excluding LMC, SMC, Virgo cluster). This paper
presents a subsample of 66 bright point-like ROSAT survey sources with almost
hard PSPC spectra, the hardness ratio HR1 is > 0.5 for most of the sources. The
subsample could be nearly completely identified by low-resolution optical
spectroscopy with the following breakdown into object classes: 31 Seyfert
galaxies, 22 BL Lac candidates, 5 clusters of galaxies 1 cataclysmic variable,
and 5 bright stars. Only one object remained unidentified and one X-ray source
was a spurious detect ion. The redshift distribution peaks around 0.06 for the
Seyferts and around 0.13 for the BL Lac candidates. Observations with medium
spectral resolution were obtained for most of the new S eyfert galaxies. A
large fraction (20 objects) are type 1 Seyfert galaxies, the other fraction
includes Seyfert galaxies of type 1.5 - 1.8 (5 objects), two LINERs, and 4
possible narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1). About one third of the new
Seyfert's have nearby companion galaxies displaying either emission or
absorption lines at the same redshift. Among them are a couple of systems
showing direct morphological evidence for interaction. The large fraction of
interacting galaxies among our sample suggests a scenario where interaction is
the main trigger of AGN activity.Comment: Astronomische Nachrichten, in press, 11 pages, 4 figures, full paper,
  22 pages, with 8 figures available at
  http://www.aip.de:8080/~preprint/preprints/1998/1998_rhs1.htm
Decay constants of charm and beauty pseudoscalar heavy-light mesons on
  fine lattices

We compute decay constants of heavy-light mesons in quenched lattice QCD with
a lattice spacing of a ~ 0.04 fm using non-perturbatively O(a) improved Wilson
fermions and O(a) improved currents. We obtain f_{D_s} = 220(6)(5)(11) MeV, f_D
= 206(6)(3)(22) MeV, f_{B_s} = 205(7)(26)(17) MeV and f_B = 190(8)(23)(25) MeV,
using the Sommer parameter r_0 = 0.5 fm to set the scale. The first error is
statistical, the second systematic and the third from assuming a +-10%
uncertainty in the experimental value of r_0. A detailed discussion is given in
the text. We also present results for the meson decay constants f_K and f_\pi
and the \rho meson mass.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Replaced version contains analysis in terms of
  improved quark masses instead of bare quark masses, result for f_B changed by
  1 MeV. Several typos corrected, in particular error bars in table 4. Version
  accepted in PL
Phenomenological Implications of the m_t RGE Fixed Point for SUSY Higgs
  Boson Searches

In minimal SUSY-GUT models with $M_{SUSY}\alt 1$ TeV, the renormalization
group equations have a solution dominated by the infrared fixed point of the
top Yukawa coupling. This fixed point predicts $m_t\simeq (200\; {\rm GeV})\sin
\beta $; combined with the LEP results it excludes $m_t\alt 130$ GeV. For $m_t$
in the range 130--160 GeV, it predicts that the lightest scalar $h$ has mass
60--85 GeV (detectable at LEP\,II). At SSC/LHC, each of the five scalars $h$,
$H$, $A$, $H^{\pm }$ may be detectable, but not all of them together; in one
parameter region none would be detectable.Comment: (Talk given at the Hawaii LCWS VB), 4 pages + 4 EPS figures included
  (uuencoded), MAD/PH/76
Local symmetry dynamics in one-dimensional aperiodic lattices

A unifying description of lattice potentials generated by aperiodic
one-dimensional sequences is proposed in terms of their local reflection or
parity symmetry properties. We demonstrate that the ranges and axes of local
reflection symmetry possess characteristic distributional and dynamical
properties which can be determined for every aperiodic binary lattice. A
striking aspect of such a property is given by the return maps of sequential
spacings of local symmetry axes, which typically traverse few-point symmetry
orbits. This local symmetry dynamics allows for a classification of inherently
different aperiodic lattices according to fundamental symmetry principles.
Illustrating the local symmetry distributional and dynamical properties for
several representative binary lattices, we further show that the renormalized
axis spacing sequences follow precisely the particular type of underlying
aperiodic order. Our analysis thus reveals that the long-range order of
aperiodic lattices is characterized in a compellingly simple way by its local
symmetry dynamics.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure
Superspace formulation and correlation functions of 3d superconformal
  field theories

We study $3d$ SCFTs in the superspace formalism and discuss superfields and
on-shell higher spin current multiplets in free $3d$ SCFTs with $\mathcal{N}=
1,2,3,4$ and $6$ superconformal symmetry. For $\mathcal{N}=1$ 3d SCFTs we
determine the superconformal invariants in superspace needed for constructing
3-point functions of higher spin operators, find the non-linear relations
between the invariants and consequently write down all the independent
invariant structures, both parity even and odd, for various 3-point functions
of higher spin operators.Comment: typos corrected, references added. Accepted for publication in JHE
The effects of spatial resolution on Integral Field Spectrograph surveys
  at different redshifts. The CALIFA perspective

Over the past decade, 3D optical spectroscopy has become the preferred tool
for understanding the properties of galaxies and is now increasingly used to
carry out galaxy surveys. Low redshift surveys include SAURON, DiskMass,
ATLAS3D, PINGS and VENGA. At redshifts above 0.7, surveys such as MASSIV, SINS,
GLACE, and IMAGES have targeted the most luminous galaxies to study mainly
their kinematic properties. The on-going CALIFA survey ($z\sim0.02$) is the
first of a series of upcoming Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) surveys with
large samples representative of the entire population of galaxies. Others
include SAMI and MaNGA at lower redshift and the upcoming KMOS surveys at
higher redshift. Given the importance of spatial scales in IFS surveys, the
study of the effects of spatial resolution on the recovered parameters becomes
important. We explore the capability of the CALIFA survey and a hypothetical
higher redshift survey to reproduce the properties of a sample of objects
observed with better spatial resolution at lower redshift. Using a sample of
PINGS galaxies, we simulate observations at different redshifts. We then study
the behaviour of different parameters as the spatial resolution degrades with
increasing redshift.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Lunar polar craters -- icy, rough or just sloping?

Circular Polarisation Ratio (CPR) mosaics from Mini-SAR on Chandrayaan-1 and
Mini-RF on LRO are used to study craters near to the lunar north pole. The look
direction of the detectors strongly affects the appearance of the crater CPR
maps. Rectifying the mosaics to account for parallax also significantly changes
the CPR maps of the crater interiors. It is shown that the CPRs of crater
interiors in unrectified maps are biased to larger values than crater
exteriors, because of a combination of the effects of parallax and incidence
angle. Using the LOLA Digital Elevation Map (DEM), the variation of CPR with
angle of incidence has been studied. For fresh craters, CPR~0.7 with only a
weak dependence on angle of incidence or position interior or just exterior to
the crater, consistent with dihedral scattering from blocky surface roughness.
For anomalous craters, the CPR interior to the crater increases with both
incidence angle and distance from the crater centre. Central crater CPRs are
similar to those in the crater exteriors. CPR does not appear to correlate with
temperature within craters. Furthermore, the anomalous polar craters have
diameter-to-depth ratios that are lower than those of typical polar craters.
These results strongly suggest that the high CPR values in anomalous polar
craters are not providing evidence of significant volumes of water ice. Rather,
anomalous craters are of intermediate age, and maintain sufficiently steep
walls that deep regolith does not cover all rough surfaces.Comment: 16 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Icarus (2014, 241, 66
Sharpening $m_{T2}$ cusps: the mass determination of semi-invisibly
  decaying particles from a resonance

We revisit mass determination techniques for the minimum symmetric event
topology, namely $X$ pair production followed by $X \to \ell N$, where $X$ and
$N$ are unknown particles with the masses to be measured, and $N$ is an
invisible particle, concentrating on the case where $X$ is pair produced from a
resonance. We consider separate scenarios, with different initial constraints
on the invisible particle momenta, and present a systematic method to identify
the kinematically allowed mass regions in the $(m_N, m_X)$ plane. These allowed
regions exhibit a cusp structure at the true mass point, which is equivalent to
the one observed in the $m_{T2}$ endpoints in certain cases. By considering the
boundary of the allowed mass region we systematically define kinematical
variables which can be used in measuring the unknown masses, and find a new
expression for the $m_{T2}$ variable as well as its inverse. We explicitly
apply our method to the case that $X$ is pair produced from a resonance, and as
a case study, we consider the process $pp \to A \to \tilde \chi_1^+ \tilde
\chi_1^-$, followed by $\tilde \chi_1^\pm \to \ell^{\pm} \, \tilde \nu_{\ell}$,
in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and show that our method provides
a precise measurement of the chargino and sneutrino masses, $m_X$ and $m_N$, at
$14 \, \mathrm{TeV}$ LHC with $300 \, \mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ luminosity.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, version 2 updated to JHEP 06 (2014) 17
MAGIC gamma-ray and multifrequency observations of flat spectrum radio
  quasar PKS 1510-089 in early 2012

Among more than fifty blazars detected in very high energy (VHE, E>100GeV)
gamma-rays, only three belong to the subclass of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
(FSRQs). MAGIC observed FSRQ PKS 1510-089 in February-April 2012 during a high
activity state in the high energy (HE, E>100 MeV) gamma-ray band observed by
AGILE and Fermi. MAGIC observations result in the detection of a source with
significance of 6.0 sigma. In agreement with the previous VHE observations of
the source, we find no statistically significant variability during the MAGIC
observations in daily, weekly or monthly time scales. The other two known VHE
FSRQs have shown daily scale to sub-hour variability.
  We study the multifrequency behaviour of the source at the epoch of MAGIC
observation, collecting quasi-simultaneous data at radio and optical (GASP-WEBT
and F-Gamma collaborations, REM, Steward, Perkins, Liverpool, OVRO and VLBA
telescopes), X-ray (Swift satellite) and HE gamma-ray frequencies. The
gamma-ray SED combining AGILE, Fermi and MAGIC data joins smoothly and shows no
hint of a break. The multifrequency light curves suggest a common origin for
the millimeter radio and HE gamma-ray emission and the HE gamma-ray flaring
starts when the new component is ejected from the 43GHz VLBA core. The
quasi-simultaneous multifrequency SED is modelled with a one-zone inverse
Compton model. We study two different origins of the seed photons for the
inverse Compton scattering, namely the infra-red torus and a slow sheath
surrounding the jet around the VLBA core. Both models fit the data well.
However, the fast HE gamma-ray variability requires that within the modelled
large emitting region, there must exist more compact regions. We suggest that
these observed signatures would be most naturally explained by a turbulent
plasma flowing at a relativistic speed down the jet and crossing a standing
conical shock.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, A&A in pres