pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Signal analysis and feature generation for pattern identification of partial discharges in high-voltage equipment

This paper proposes a method for the identification of different partial discharges (PDs) sources through the analysis of a collection of PD signals acquired with a PD measurement system. This method, robust and sensitive enough to cope with noisy data and external interferences, combines the characterization of each signal from the collection, with a clustering procedure, the CLARA algorithm.\ud
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Several features are proposed for the characterization of the signals, being the wavelet variances, the frequency estimated with the Prony method, and the energy, the most relevant for the performance of the clustering procedure.\ud
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The result of the unsupervised classification is a set of clusters each containing those signals which are more similar to each other than to those in other clusters. The analysis of the classification results permits both the identification of different PD sources and the discrimination between original PD signals, reflections, noise and external interferences.\ud
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The methods and graphical tools detailed in this paper have been coded and published as a contributed package of the R environment under a GNU/GPL license
Analytical solution to the one-dimensional non-uniform absorption of solar radiation in uncoated and coated single glass panes

The analytical solution to the one-dimensional absorption–conduction heat transfer problem inside a single glass pane is presented, which correctly takes into account all the relevant physical phenomena: the appearance of multiple reflections, the spectral distribution of solar radiation, the spectral dependence of optical properties, the presence of possible coatings, the non-uniform nature of radiation absorption, and the diffusion of heat by conduction across the glass pane. Additionally to the well established and known direct absorptance αe, the derived solution introduces a new spectral quantity called direct absorptance moment βe, that indicates where in the glass pane is the absorption of radiation actually taking place. The theoretical and numerical comparison of the derived solution with existing approximate thermal models for the absorption–conduction problem reveals that the latter ones work best for low-absorbing uncoated single glass panes, something not necessarily fulfilled by modern glazings
Experimental analysis of a photovoltaic concentrator based on a single reflective stage immersed in an optical fluid

This article reviews all the experimental tests carried out to analyze the performance of a FluidReflex photovoltaic concentrator. This novel concentrator concept consists of a single reflective stage immersed in an optical fluid. The presence of the fluid entails significant advantages. It not only allows a high system optical efficiency and increases the attainable concentration but also enhances the heat dissipation from the cell. In addition, the electrical insulation is improved, and the problem of water vapor condensation inside the module is avoided. A complete characterization is addressed in this paper. Among the experimental results, a measured optical efficiency of 83.5% for a concentration of 1035× stands ou
A novel achromatic Fresnel lens for high concentrating photovoltaic systems

In this paper we present a novel manufacturing method to produce achromatic Fresnel lenses for photovoltaic application. These achromatic lenses are capable of reaching a concentration factor three times higher than that attained by a conventional Silicone-on-Glass (SOG) Fresnel lens. The manufacturing method presented to fabricate the achromatic lens, which we refer to as Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel lens, is simple, cost-effective and highly scalable. A comprehensive ray-tracing analysis and its comparison with experimental results is presented in this work
The Compton trail of gamma-ray bursts: A long-after glow

AUGERAs they travel through the gas of the host galaxy, some of the gamma-rays emitted in a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) may experience Compton scattering and reach an observer even if he is not located in the direction of the primary photon beam. Such a process will last until the GRB photons have left their host galaxy, and the ambient electron density becomes negligible. We investigate the observability of this indirect GRB light, which would be seen as a faint trail along the path of the GRB photons, long after the initial event. We find that the so-called Compton trail of a 1051 erg GRB can easily be observed from Earth, wherever the explosion occurred in our Galaxy in the past few thousand years. Gamma-ray surveys of the Galaxy can therefore provide constraints on the true GRB rate (or number of GRBs per supernova), independently of the GRB beaming angle. We also calculate the expected light curve and shape of the emitting region as a function of time
Distributed workflow based approach for eliminating redundancy in virtual enterprising

This is an post-print version of an article originally published in The Journal of Supercomputing, in 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s11227-010-0544-6The existence of redundancy is a serious problem in virtual enterprise in which a number of collaborating enterprises join together to manufacture and sell a class of product for a time-limited period. This paper proposes a new approach for detection and elimination of redundancy in virtual enterprises; the proposed approach is based on workflow and uses a Petri net for modeling and simulation of workflows. This paper also presents a working example as a proof of concept
On concepts and methods in horizon scanning : lessons from initiating policy dialogues on emerging issues

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Future-oriented technology analysis methods can play a significant role in enabling early warning signal detection and pro-active policy action which will help to better prepare policy- and decision-makers in today’s complex and inter-dependent environments. This paper analyses the use of different horizon scanning approaches and methods as applied in the Scanning for Emerging Science and Technology Issues project. A comparative analysis is provided as well as a brief evaluation the needs of policy-makers if they are to identify areas in which policy needs to be formulated. This paper suggests that the selection of the best scanning approaches and methods is subject to contextual and content issues. At the same time, there are certain issues which characterise horizon scanning processes, methods and results that should be kept in mind by both practitioners and policy-makers
Can surface magnetic fields reproduce solar irradiance variations in cycles 22 and 23?

Total solar irradiance is reconstructed using data from the spectromagnetograph on Kitt Peak for 1992–2003 (covering parts of cycles 22 and 23) and compared with observational data. The model assumes that solar irradiance variations are caused by surface magnetism and its single free parameter is kept at the same value for both cycles. A good correspondence is found for the whole period of time, with no bias between the two cycles on time-scales longer than the solar rotation period. This is in agreement with the recent results of de Toma et al. (2004), but it is in contrast to the earlier analysis of de Toma et al. (2001), and suggests that the source of the irradiance variations is the same for cycles 22 and 23, namely the evolution of the magnetic flux at the solar surface
Validation of the German version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale and its relation to orientations to happiness and work stress

Career adapt-ability has recently gained momentum as a psychosocial construct that not only has much to offer the field of career development, but also contributes to positive coping, adjustment and self-regulation through the four dimensions of concern, control, curiosity and confidence. The positive psychology movement, with concepts such as the orientations to happiness, explores the factors that contribute to human flourishing and optimum functioning. This research has two main contributions; 1) to validate a German version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS), and 2) to extend the contribution of adapt-abilities to the field of work stress and explore its mediating capacity in the relation between orientations to happiness and work stress. We used a representative sample of the German-speaking Swiss working population including 1204 participants (49.8% women), aged between 26 and 56 (Mage = 42.04). Results indicated that the German version of the CAAS is valid, with overall high levels of model fit suggesting that the conceptual structure of career adapt-ability replicates well in this cultural context. Adapt-abilities showed a negative relationship to work stress, and a positive one with orientations to happiness. The engagement and pleasure scales of orientations to happiness also correlated negatively with work stress. Moreover, career adapt-ability mediates the relationship between orientations to happiness and work stress. In depth analysis of the mediating effect revealed that control is the only significant mediator. Thus control may be acting as a mechanism through which individuals attain their desired life at work subsequently contributing to reduced stress levels
Electroactive Nanostructured Membranes (ENM): Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Redox Mediator-Modified Gold Nanoparticles Using a Dendrimer Layer-by-Layer Approach

The layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly process has become an important tool in the fabrication of nanostructured devices for electrochemical applications, especially in those cases where control at the molecular level is required. In this paper we present a system based on electroactive nanostructured membranes (ENM) with ITO-PVS/PAMAM-Au LbL electrodes, in which a redox mediator (Me) is electrodeposited around the Au nanoparticles to form an ITO-PVS/PAMAM-Au@Me system. The redox mediators used were Co, Fe, Ni and Cu hexacyanoferrates. The 3-bilayer ITO-PVS/PAMAM-Au@Me system was characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All hexacyanoferrate modified electrodes showed electrocatalytic activity towards hydrogen peroxide, thus demonstrating that this new approach can be used in biosensors and nanodevices, where a redox mediator is required.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20060377
Density, Viscosity, and Surface and Interfacial Tensions of Mixtures of Water +  n -Butyl Acetate + 1-Propanol at 303.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract  Experimental densities, viscosities, and surface and interfacial tensions have been measured at 303.15 K for liquid mixtures of water + n-butyl acetate + 1-propanol. The excess molar volume, V E, viscosity, ?, and surface tension, ?, were calculated and rational functions due to Myers and Scott, and Pando et al. were used to describe the composition dependence of these properties. The viscosity, ?, of the mixtures was correlated using a theoretically based method developed from the Eyring theory using the above-mentioned rational functions to express the excess Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow, G ?E. The UNIMOD model based on the Eyring theory was used to correlate the viscosity of the binaries and to predict the same property for ternary mixtures. To describe the above-mentioned properties of the ternary system, binary pair additivity and some empirical models were considered. The methods of Fu et al. and Li et al. were used to correlate the binary surface tension and also to predict the ternary behavior. The interfacial tension was correlated by the Li and Fu method.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10765-008-0424-
Transferrin-Associated Lipoplexes as Gene Delivery Systems: Relevance of Mode of Preparation and Biophysical Properties

Abstract  The successful application of gene therapy depends highly on understanding the properties of gene carriers and their correlation with the ability to mediate transfection. An important parameter that has been described to improve transfection mediated by cationic liposomes involves  association of ligands to cationic liposome–DNA complexes (lipoplexes). In this study, ternary complexes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane:cholesterol, plasmid DNA and transferrin (Tf, selected as a paradigm of a ligand) were prepared under various conditions, namely, in medium with different ionic strengths (HEPES-buffered saline [HBS] or dextrose), at different lipid/DNA (+/–) charge ratios and using different modes for component addition. We investigated the effect of these formulation parameters on transfection (in the absence and presence of serum), size of the complexes, degree of DNA protection and extent of their association with cells (in terms of both lipid and DNA). Our results show that all the tested parameters influenced to some extent the size of the complexes and their capacity to protect the carried genetic material, as well as the levels of cell association and transfection. The best transfection profile was observed for ternary complexes (Tf-complexes) prepared in high ionic strength solution (HBS), at charge ratios close to neutrality and according to the following order of component addition: cationic liposomes–Tf–DNA. Interestingly, in contrast to what was found for dextrose–Tf-complexes, transfection mediated by HBS-Tf-complexes in the presence of serum was highly enhanced.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232-008-9092-
Occupational mobility in nineteenth century rural England: the interpretation of entheseal changes

Identified skeletal collections have been widely used to test methods for recording
entheseal changes. These studies have all used the occupation provided with the death
certificate or equivalent as the occupation during life. However, the variety of tasks
undertaken within occupations, the range of occupational tasks and how these changed over
the life course is rarely discussed. The aim of this paper is to highlight the value of using
historical data to improve the interpretation of skeletal data.
Materials and Methods: Identified adult skeletons (n=18), from the churchyard of St.
Michael and St. Lawrence, Fewston, North Yorkshire, England were recorded for entheseal
changes (EC) and degenerative joint changes (DJC). The individuals were born and died
between 1791 – 1921 (only one individual was buried after the churchyard's closure in 1896).
All individuals have at least one census record which includes their occupation. Published
sections of a diary coinciding with the cemetery’s use and written by the son of two of the
identified individuals were used to record the frequency and range of activities.
Results: 54.5% of males and 29% of females changed their occupations and those who
changed occupation were found to be older than those who did not. The latter were found to
have a lower frequency of DJC and EC, but this is likely due to the difference in age profile
between the two groups. However, the detailed pattern of EC did not match that of DJC for
the three occupation categories used. The diary demonstrated that a stonemason undertook a
wide variety of occupational tasks as well as enjoying hobbies.
Discussion: The results demonstrate that occupations in nineteenth century rural England
were not stable and demonstrated a wide variety of everyday and infrequent activities. This
demonstrates that using occupation listed at death does not provide sufficiently detailed
information for testing methods of recording EC or for interpreting the relationship between
occupation and health
Theory-Choice, Transient Diversity and the Efficiency of Scientific Inquiry

Recent studies of scientific interaction based on agent-based models (ABMs) suggest that a crucial factor conducive to efficient inquiry is what Zollman, 2010 has dubbed ‘transient diversity’. It signifies a process in which a community engages in parallel exploration of rivaling theories lasting sufficiently long for the community to identify the best theory and to converge on it. But what exactly generates transient diversity? And is transient diversity a decisive factor when it comes to the efficiency of inquiry? In this paper we examine the impact of different conditions on the efficiency of inquiry, as well as the relation between diversity and efficiency. This includes certain diversity-generating mechanisms previously proposed in the literature (such as different social networks and cautious decision-making), as well as some factors that have so far been neglected (such as evaluations underlying theory-choice performed by scientists). This study is obtained via an argumentation-based ABM (Borg et al., 2017, 2018). Our results suggest that cautious decision-making does not always have a significant impact on the efficiency of inquiry while different evaluations underlying theory-choice and different social networks do. Moreover, we find a correlation between diversity and a successful performance of agents only under specific conditions, which indicates that transient diversity is sometimes not the primary factor responsible for efficiency. Altogether, when comparing our results to those obtained by structurally different ABMs based on Zollman’s work, the impact of specific factors on efficiency of inquiry, as well as the role of transient diversity in achieving efficiency, appear to be highly dependent on the underlying model
Relativistic description of final-state interactions in neutral-current
  neutrino and antineutrino cross sections

We evaluate semi-inclusive neutral-current quasielastic differential neutrino
and antineutrino cross sections within the framework of the relativistic
impulse approximation. The results of the relativistic mean field and of the
relativistic Green's function models are compared. The sensitivity to the
strange-quark content of the nucleon form factor is also discussed. The results
of the models are compared with the MiniBooNE experimental data for neutrino
scattering. Numerical predictions for flux-averaged antineutrino scattering
cross sections are also presented
Multiscale approaches to protein-mediated interactions between membranes
  - Relating microscopic and macroscopic dynamics in radially growing adhesions

Macromolecular complexation leading to coupling of two or more cellular
membranes is a crucial step in a number of biological functions of the cell.
While other mechanisms may also play a role, adhesion always involves the
fluctuations of deformable membranes, the diffusion of proteins and the
molecular binding and unbinding. Because these stochastic processes couple over
a multitude of time and length scales, theoretical modeling of membrane
adhesion has been a major challenge. Here we present an effective Monte Carlo
scheme within which the effects of the membrane are integrated into local rates
for molecular recognition. The latter step in the Monte Carlo approach enables
us to simulate the nucleation and growth of adhesion domains within a system of
the size of a cell for tens of seconds without loss of accuracy, as shown by
comparison to $10^6$ times more expensive Langevin simulations. To perform this
validation, the Langevin approach was augmented to simulate diffusion of
proteins explicitly, together with reaction kinetics and membrane dynamics. We
use the Monte Carlo scheme to gain deeper insight to the experimentally
observed radial growth of micron sized adhesion domains, and connect the
effective rate with which the domain is growing to the underlying microscopic
events. We thus demonstrate that our technique yields detailed information
about protein transport and complexation in membranes, which is a fundamental
step toward understanding even more complex membrane interactions in the
cellular context
Arctic sea ice and Eurasian climate: A review

The Arctic plays a fundamental role in the climate system and has shown significant climate change in recent decades, including the Arctic warming and decline of Arctic sea-ice extent and thickness. In contrast to the Arctic warming and reduction of Arctic sea ice, Europe, East Asia and North America have experienced anomalously cold conditions, with record snowfall during recent years. In this paper, we review current understanding of the sea-ice impacts on the Eurasian climate. Paleo, observational and modelling studies are covered to summarize several major themes, including: the variability of Arctic sea ice and its controls; the likely causes and apparent impacts of the Arctic sea-ice decline during the satellite era, as well as past and projected future impacts and trends; the links and feedback mechanisms between the Arctic sea ice and the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation, the recent Eurasian cooling, winter atmospheric circulation, summer precipitation in East Asia, spring snowfall over Eurasia, East Asian winter monsoon, and midlatitude extreme weather; and the remote climate response (e.g., atmospheric circulation, air temperature) to changes in Arctic sea ice. We conclude with a brief summary and suggestions for future research
Durability of dielectric fluids for concentrating photovoltaic systems

Several dielectric fluids that might be used for immersing optics are analyzed in this paper. Their transmittances, both before and after an accelerated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation equivalent to several years under real sun, are presented. In addition, the photocurrent losses caused by the decrease in transmittance experienced by each fluid are estimated for current III?V multijunction (MJ) solar cells. The most stable fluids were found to be paraffin and silicone oils whose transmittances remained practically unaltered after a UV dosage equivalent to 3 years of AM1.5D radiation
Double field theory at order α ′

We investigate α ′ corrections of bosonic strings in the framework of double field theory. The previously introduced “doubled α ′-geometry” gives α ′-deformed gauge transformations arising in the Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism but does not apply to bosonic strings. These require a different deformation of the duality-covariantized Courant bracket which governs the gauge structure. This is revealed by examining the α ′ corrections in the gauge algebra of closed string field theory. We construct a four-derivative cubic double field theory action invariant under the deformed gauge transformations, giving a first glimpse of the gauge principle underlying bosonic string α ′ corrections. The usual metric and b -field are related to the duality covariant fields by non-covariant field redefinitions
Hessian matrix, specific heats, Nambu brackets, and thermodynamic geometry

As an extension to our earlier work [1], we employ the Nambu brackets to prove that the divergences of heat capacities correspond to their counterparts in thermodynamic geometry. We also obtain a simple representation for the conformal transformations that connect different thermodynamics metrics to each other. Using our bracket approach, we obtain interesting exact relations between the Hessian matrix with any number of parameters and specific heat capacities. Finally, we employ this approach to investigate some thermodynamic properties of the Meyers-Perry black holes with three spins