pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Modelling particle scale leach kinetics based on X-ray computed micro-tomography images.

The apparent leach kinetics for an ore particle within a heap leaching system depend on the chemical conditions in the fluids around the particle, the mass transport within the particle and the reaction kinetics at the surface of each mineral grain. The apparent rate kinetics thus depend upon the distribution of the mineral grains, in terms of both size and position, within the individual ore particles, as well as the evolution of this distribution. Traditionally this behaviour has been modelled using simplified relationships such as the shrinking core model. In this paper a method for simulating this evolution and the resultant kinetics based directly on 3D XMT images of the internal structure of the particles is presented. The model includes mass transport through the gangue matrix, surface reaction kinetics and the dissolution and subsequent evolution of the individual mineral grains within the ore particle. Different minerals and mineral associations will result in different surface reaction kinetics. One of the key inputs into this model is thus the distribution of the surface rate kinetics. A method for experimentally determining this distribution is presented. The simulation results are compared to the evolution of real particles as they undergo leaching as measured using a time sequence of 3D XMT images of a leaching column. It was found that these simulations are able to accurately predict both the overall leaching trends, as well as the leaching behaviour of mineral grains in classes based on their size and distance to the particle surface. The leaching behaviour did not follow that of a simple shrinking core approximation, with the actual spatial and size distribution of the grains, as well as the distribution of their surface rate kinetics, all impacting the apparent leach kinetics. For the copper ore particles used in this work the best fit to the experiments was achieved at an intermediate value of the dimensionless group that characterises the relative importance of surface kinetics to diffusion indicating that both need to be considered for accurate modelling. This paper thus demonstrates that using 3D XMT to provide both structural and kinetic data and incorporating this information into a particle scale simulator provides an improved basis for predicting particle scale leach performance
The microstructure of polar ice. Part I: Highlights from ice core research

Polar ice sheets play a fundamental role in Earth's climate system, by interacting actively and passively with the environment. Active interactions include the creeping flow of ice and its effects on polar geomorphology, global sea level, ocean and atmospheric circulation, and so on. Passive interactions are mainly established by the formation of climate records within the ice, in form of air bubbles, dust particles, salt microinclusions and other derivatives of airborne impurities buried by recurrent snowfalls. For a half-century scientists have been drilling deep ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland for studying such records, which can go back to around a million years. Experience shows, however, that the ice-sheet flow generally disrupts the stratigraphy of the bottom part of deep ice cores, destroying the integrity of the oldest records. For all these reasons glaciologists have been studying the microstructure of polar ice cores for decades, in order to understand the genesis and fate of ice-core climate records, as well as to learn more about the physical properties of polar ice, aiming at better climate-record interpretations and ever more precise models of ice-sheet dynamics. In this Part I we review the main difficulties and advances in deep ice core drilling in Antarctica and Greenland, together with the major contributions of deep ice coring to the research on natural ice microstructures. In particular, we discuss in detail the microstructural findings from Camp Century, Byrd, Dye 3, GRIP, GISP2, NorthGRIP, Vostok, Dome C, EDML, and Dome Fuji, besides commenting also on the earlier results of some pioneering ventures, like the Jungfraujoch Expedition and the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition, among others. In the companion Part II of this work ( Faria et al., 2014), the review proceeds with a survey of the state-of-the-art understanding of natural ice microstructures and some exciting prospects in this field of research
Alpha induced reaction cross section measurements on 162Er for the astrophysical γ process

The cross sections of the 162Er(α,γ)166Yband 162Er(α,n)165Ybreactions have been measured for the first time. The radiative alpha capture reaction cross section was measured from Ec.m.=16.09MeV down to Ec.m.=11.21MeV, close to the astrophysically relevant region (which lies between 7.8 and 11.48MeV at 3GK stellar temperature). The 162Er(α,n)165Yb reaction was studied above the reaction threshold between Ec.m.=12.19 and 16.09MeV. The fact that the 162Er(α,γ)166Ybcross sections were measured below the (α,n)threshold at first time in this mass region opens the opportunity to study directly the α-widths required for the determination of astrophysical reaction rates. The data clearly show that compound nucleus formation in this reaction proceeds differently than previously predicted
Differential virulence of Candida glabrata glycosylation mutants.

notes: PMCID: PMC3724654types: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tThis is an open access article that is freely available in ORE or from the publisher's
web site. Please cite the published version.This research was originally published in THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2013. VOL. 288, NO. 30, pp. 22006–22018, © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThe fungus Candida glabrata is an important and increasingly common pathogen of humans, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Despite this, little is known about the attributes that allow this organism to cause disease or its interaction with the host immune system. However, in common with other fungi, the cell wall of C. glabrata is the initial point of contact between the host and pathogen, and as such, it is likely to play an important role in mediating interactions and hence virulence. Here, we show both through genetic complementation and polysaccharide structural analyses that C. glabrata ANP1, MNN2, and MNN11 encode functional orthologues of the respective Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannosyltransferases. Furthermore, we show that deletion of the C. glabrata Anp1, Mnn2, and Mnn11 mannosyltransferases directly affects the structure of the fungal N-linked mannan, in line with their predicted functions, and this has implications for cell wall integrity and consequently virulence. C. glabrata anp1 and mnn2 mutants showed increased virulence, compared with wild-type (and mnn11) cells. This is in contrast to Candida albicans where inactivation of genes involved in mannan biosynthesis has usually been linked to an attenuation of virulence. In the long term, a better understanding of the attributes that allow C. glabrata to cause disease will provide insights that can be adopted for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.NIHRBBSRCWellcome Trus
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic reappraisal via the genostem experience.

29 pages 44 references 3 figures The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comInternational audienceGenostem (acronym for "Adult mesenchymal stem cells engineering for connective tissue disorders. From the bench to the bed side") has been an European consortium of 30 teams working together on human bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) biological properties and repair capacity. Part of Genostem activity has been dedicated to the study of basic issues on undifferentiated MSCs properties and on signalling pathways leading to the differentiation into 3 of the connective tissue lineages, osteoblastic, chondrocytic and tenocytic. We have evidenced that native bone marrow MSCs and stromal cells, forming the niche of hematopoietic stem cells, were the same cellular entity located abluminally from marrow sinus endothelial cells. We have also shown that culture-amplified, clonogenic and highly-proliferative MSCs were bona fide stem cells, sharing with other stem cell types the major attributes of self-renewal and of multipotential priming to the lineages to which they can differentiate (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells/pericytes). Extensive transcription profiling and in vitro and in vivo assays were applied to identify genes involved in differentiation. Thus we have described novel factors implicated in osteogenesis (FHL2, ITGA5, Fgf18), chondrogenesis (FOXO1A) and tenogenesis (Smad8). Another part of Genostem activity has been devoted to studies of the repair capacity of MSCs in animal models, a prerequisite for future clinical trials. We have developed novel scaffolds (chitosan, pharmacologically active microcarriers) useful for the repair of both bone and cartilage. Finally and most importantly, we have shown that locally implanted MSCs effectively repair bone, cartilage and tendon
Brain structural, functional, and cognitive correlates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

International audienceDeficits in autobiographical memory appear earlier for recent than for remote life periods over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aims to further our understanding of this graded effect by investigating the cognitive and neural substrates of recent versus remote autobiographical memories in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) thanks to an autobiographical fluency task. 20 aMCI patients and 25 Healthy elderly Controls (HC) underwent neuropsychological tests assessing remote (20-to-30 years old) and recent (the ten last years) autobiographical memory as well as episodic and semantic memory, executive function and global cognition. All patients also had a structural MRI and an FDG-PET scan. Correlations were assessed between each autobiographical memory score and the other tests as well as grey matter volume and metabolism. Within the aMCI, performances for the remote period correlated with personal semantic memory and episodic memory retrieval whereas performances for the recent period only correlated with episodic memory retrieval. Neuroimaging analyses revealed significant correlations between performances for the remote period and temporal pole and temporo-parietal cortex volumes and anterior cingulate gyrus metabolism, while performances for the recent period correlated with hippocampal volume and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal and hippocampus metabolism. The brain regions related with the retrieval of events from the recent period showed greater atrophy/hypometabolism in aMCI patients compared to HC than those involved in remote memories. Recall of recent memories essentially relies on episodic memory processes and brain network while remote memories also involve other processes such as semantic memory. This is consistent with the semanticization of memories with time and may explain the better resistance of remote memory in AD
Young's double-slit interference pattern from a twisted beam

13 pagesInternational audienceA wide range of diffractive elements have been used to evaluate the topological charge of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Here, we show theoretically and experimentally that this charge can be simply and readily measured from the interference pattern in Young's double-slit experiment. It can be evaluated from the twisting order of the interference. The results are confronted with previously published studies. The potentialities of the method are then compared with existing techniques
Quaternionic and Hyper-K\"ahler Metrics from Generalized Sigma Models

The problem of finding new metrics of interest, in the context of SUGRA, is
reduced to two stages: first, solving a generalized BPS sigma model with full
quaternionic structure proposed by the authors and, second, constructing the
hyper-K\"{a}hler metric, or suitable deformations of this condition, taking
advantage of the correspondence between the quaternionic left-regular potential
and the hyper-K\"{a}hler metric of the target space. As illustration, new
solutions are obtained using generalized Q-sigma model for Wess-Zumino type
superpotentials. Explicit solutions analog to the Berger's sphere and
Abraham-Townsend type are given and generalizations of 4-dimensional
quaternionic metrics, product of complex ones, are shown and discussed.Comment: 8 pages, two column, no figure
Vitamin C supply to bronchial epithelial cells linked to glutathione availability in elf - A role for secreted gamma-glutamyltransferase.

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that glutathione (GSH) availability is linked to cellular supply of ascorbic acid, through the\ud
action of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT). This enzyme activity is expressed in bronchial epithelia, and is also secreted in epithelial lining fluid.\ud
We verified thus the possibility that GGT-mediated metabolism of glutathione may favour the supply of ascorbic acid to bronchial cells.\ud
Using human BEAS-2B cells transfected with GGT cDNA, as well as WT cells exposed to ELF-like GGT concentrations, we observed that\ud
indeed much higher (5–10 fold) levels of ascorbic acid are accumulated in the presence of GSH and active GGT. The data suggest that\ud
administration of aerosolized GSH to CF patients may as well concur to sustain the vitamin C status of bronchial epithelia
Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the tt̄ production cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe inclusive cross section for top-quark pair production measured by the CMS experiment in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is compared to the QCD prediction at next-to-next to-leading order with various parton distribution functions to determine the top-quark pole mass, mpolet , or the strong coupling constant, αS . With the parton distribution function set NNPDF2.3, a pole mass of 176.7+3.8−3.4 GeV is obtained when constraining αS at the scale of the Z boson mass, mZ, to the current world average. Alternatively, by constraining mpolet to the latest average from direct mass measurements, a value of αS (mZ) = 0.1151+0.0033−0.0032 is extracted. This is the first determination of αS using events from top-quark productionFinally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWF and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA
Long-term X-ray variability of the microquasar system LS 5039/RX J1826.2−1450

We report on the results of the spectral and timing analysis of a BeppoSAX observation of the microquasar systemLS 5039/RX J1826.2−1450. The source was found in a low-flux state with FX(1–10 keV) = 4.7 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, which represents almost one order of magnitude lower than a previous RXTE observation 2.5 years before. The 0.1–10 keV spectrum is described by an absorbed power-law continuum with photon-number spectral index Γ = 1.8 ± 0.2 and hydrogen column density of NH = 1.0+0.4−0.3 × 1022 cm−2. According to the orbital parameters of the system, the BeppoSAX observation covers the time of an X-ray eclipse should one occur. However, the 1.6–10 keV light curve does not show evidence of such an event, which allows us to give an upper limit to the inclination of the system. The low X-ray flux detected during this observation is interpreted as a decrease in the mass accretion rate onto the compact object due to a decrease in the mass-loss rate from the primary.Reig Torres, Pablo, pablo.reig@uv.e
Dark matter interpretations of ATLAS searches for the electroweak
  production of supersymmetric particles in $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV proton-proton
  collisions

A selection of searches by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC for the
electroweak production of SUSY particles are used to study their impact on the
constraints on dark matter candidates. The searches use $20\,{\rm fb}^{-1}$ of
proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. A likelihood-driven scan of a
five-dimensional effective model focusing on the gaugino--higgsino and Higgs
sector of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric Standard Model is
performed. This scan uses data from direct dark matter detection experiments,
the relic dark matter density and precision flavour physics results. Further
constraints from the ATLAS Higgs mass measurement and SUSY searches at LEP are
also applied. A subset of models selected from this scan are used to assess the
impact of the selected ATLAS searches in this five-dimensional parameter space.
These ATLAS searches substantially impact those models for which the mass
$m(\tilde{\chi}^0_1)$ of the lightest neutralino is less than 65 GeV, excluding
86% of such models. The searches have limited impact on models with larger
$m(\tilde{\chi}^0_1)$ due to either heavy electroweakinos or compressed mass
spectra where the mass splittings between the produced particles and the
lightest supersymmetric particle is small.Comment: 25 pages plus author list + cover pages (43 pages total), 6 figures,
  4 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2015-12
Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton-proton collisions at
  13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search

A search for the resonant production of high-mass photon pairs is presented.
The search focuses on spin-0 and spin-2 resonances with masses between 0.5 and
4.5 TeV, and with a width, relative to the mass, between 1.4E-4 and 5.6E-2. The
data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 inverse femtobarns
of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector in 2016 at a
center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess is observed relative to
the standard model expectation. The results of the search are combined
statistically with those previously obtained in 2012 and 2015 at sqrt(s) = 8
and 13TeV, respectively, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and
3.3 inverse femtobarns, to derive exclusion limits on scalar resonances
produced through gluon-gluon fusion, and on Randall-Sundrum gravitons. The
lower mass limits for Randall-Sundrum gravitons range from 1.95 to 4.45 TeV for
coupling parameters between 0.01 and 0.2. These are the most stringent limits
on Randall-Sundrum graviton production to date.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All
  the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-16-027/index.htm
Numerical solution of three-dimensional rectangular submerged jets with evidence of the undisturbed region of flow

The evolution of turbulent rectangular submerged free jets has been investigated numerically with a two-dimensional approach, [1], by using the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) at several Reynolds numbers. The average numerical results confirmed the presence of the undisturbed region of flow, URF, located between the slot exit and the beginning of the potential core region, PCR, previously observed experimentally at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. The two-dimensional study, [1], carried out under the conditions previously investigated in the literature, showed that the URF has a self-similar behavior, and proposed a new law for the evolution of the momentum. The present paper extends the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to three-dimensional rectangular submerged free jets, showing that the self-similar behavior of URF is present also in the three-dimensional numerical simulations, as well as in the PCR and in the fully developed region, FD
Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions at √s=2.76 TeV with ATLAS

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb−1 of View the MathML sources=2.76 TeVpp collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom