pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Farm diversification into tourism - Implications for social identity?

-This article deals with how diversification and transformation of farming into tourism may influence the social identity of farmers. Based on a study of 19 farms run by couples engaged with agritourism, it shows how the development of tourism on the farms can be understood in a perspective of repeasantization; and how the couples draw on their farm work, culture and place to situate themselves in a new working role. Through food, stories, activities and themselves as hosts they mediate a strong farm identity. The article also explores how identities change through identifying three processes by which the ‘new’ work of tourism may destabilize identities. One is a shift in the meaning of farmer identity. Another is the gradual change towards a new master identity, and thirdly it finds a multiplicity of identities practiced as serial identities that shift as they relate to various social memberships and settings.Research Council of Norway and the Agricultural Agreement Research Fund, Rural Tourism and Traditional Food in Norway (HANEN) and Sparebank1-SM
Forebrain Ptf1a Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain

The mammalian brain undergoes sexual differentiation by gonadal hormones during the perinatal critical period. However, the machinery at earlier stages has not been well studied. We found that Ptf1a is expressed in certain neuroepithelial cells and immature neurons around the third ventricle that give rise to various neurons in several hypothalamic nuclei. We show that conditional Ptf1a-deficient mice (Ptf1a cKO) exhibit abnormalities in sex-biased behaviors and reproductive organs in both sexes. Gonadal hormone administration to gonadectomized animals revealed that the abnormal behavior is caused by disorganized sexual development of the knockout brain. Accordingly, expression of sex-biased genes was severely altered in the cKO hypothalamus. In particular, Kiss1, important for sexual differentiation of the brain, was drastically reduced in the cKO hypothalamus, which may contribute to the observed phenotypes in the Ptf1a cKO. These findings suggest that forebrain Ptf1a is one of the earliest regulators for sexual differentiation of the brain
Li distribution characterization in Li-ion batteries positive electrodes containing LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 secondary particles

The elemental distribution of as-received (non-charged) and charged Li-ion battery positive electrodes containing LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (0.75 ? x ? 1.0) microparticles as active material is characterized by combining μ-PIXE and μ-PIGE techniques. PIGE measurements evidence that the Li distribution is inhomogeneous (existence of Li-rich and Li-depleted regions) in as-received electrodes corresponding with the distribution of secondary particles but it is homogeneous within the studied individual secondary micro-particles. The dependence of the Li distribution on electrode thickness and on charging conditions is characterized by measuring the Li distribution maps in specifically fabricated cross-sectional samples. These data show that decreasing the electrode thickness down to 35 μm and charging the batteries at slow rate give rise to more homogeneous Li depth profiles
Modelling of corrosion-induced cover cracking in reinforced concrete by an embedded cohesive crack finite element

Corrosion of a reinforcement bar leads to expansive pressure on the surrounding concrete that provokes internal cracking and, eventually, spalling and delamination. Here, an embedded cohesive crack 2D finite element is applied for simulating the cracking process. In addition, four simplified analytical models are introduced for comparative purposes.\ud
Under some assumptions about rust properties, corrosion rate, and particularly, the accommodation of oxide products within the open cracks generated in the process, the proposed FE model is able to estimate time to surface cracking quite accurately. Moreover, emerging cracking patterns are in reasonably good agreement with expectations.\ud
As a practical case, a prototype application of the model to an actual bridge deck is reported
Positron and positronium annihilation patterns in zeolites and bulk ceramics

Positron lifetime (LT) measurements have revealed that in porous media the annihilation pattern is probably dominated by a near-saturation level trapping both for the positron and the positronium as well, which masks the contribution from the ldquofree annihilationrdquo, i.e., annihilation from delocalised positrons. In this work we compare positron lifetime spectra of crystalline zeolites with bulk ceramic materials fabricated by sintering from the same constituents as the zeolites and analyse common features and differences between them. For the dense ceramic samples the contribution from long-living components to the annihilation pattern is substantially lower than that for the zeolites. The results are analysed with the aim to extract new knowledge for the zeolites and for the sensitivity limits for free volume studies in ceramics. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.20067580
Para-halogenated benzaldehyde molecules included in cyclodextrins: a combined spectroscopic and thermal analysis

The inclusion complexes of 4-X-benzaldehyde guests (X = F, Cl, Br) in alpha-, beta-and gamma-cyclodextrins (alphaCD, betaCD and gammaCD) were prepared and characterized by means of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrational spectroscopy. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes ranges from 2:1 to 1:2, depending on the cavity size of the host. Sensitive vibrational modes such as C-O and ring CH stretching modes were used to monitor the effects of the inclusion process and to assess the preferred inclusion geometry for each host-guest pair. On the whole, the spectral observations suggest that the small alphaCD cavity imposes important structural restrictions on the guest molecule, while the larger gammaCD cavity allows lsquoliquid-typersquo intermolecular contacts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.141
Targeting of lanthanide(III) chelates of DOTA-type glycoconjugates to the hepatic asyaloglycoprotein receptor: cell internalization and animal imaging studies

The characterization of a new class of hydrophilic liver-targeted agents for gamma-scintigraphy and MRI, consisting, respectively, of [153Sm]3+ or Gd3+ complexes of DOTA monoamide or bisamide linked glycoconjugates (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), is reported. In vitro studies show high uptake of radiolabeled [153Sm]-DOTAGal2 by the human hepatocyte carcinoma cell line Hep G2 containing the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R), which is decreased to less than 50% by the presence of its high-affinity ligand asialofetuin (ASF). In vivo biodistribution, gamma-imaging and pharmacokinetic studies on Wistar rats using the [153Sm]3+-labeled glycoconjugates show a high uptake in the receptor-rich organ liver of the radiolabeled compounds containing terminal galactosyl groups, but very little uptake for those compounds with terminal glycosyl groups. Blocking the receptor in vivo reduced liver uptake by 90%, strongly suggesting that the liver uptake of these compounds is mediated by their binding to the asyaloglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R). This study also demonstrated that the valency increase improves the targeting capability of the glycoconjugates, which is also affected by their topology. However despite the specific liver uptake of the radiolabeled galactose-bearing multivalent compounds, the animal MRI assessment of the corresponding Gd3+ chelates shows liver-to-kidney contrast effects which are not significantly better than those shown by GdDTPA. This probably results from the quick wash-out from the liver of these highly hydrophilic complexes, before they can be sufficiently concentrated within the hepatocytes via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.11
Subsistence strategy changes: The evidence of entheseal changes

Changes in subsistence strategy have caused some of the profoundest changes to the structure and health of humans. This study aims to test whether these changes have reduced work-load as assessed by entheseal changes. Entheseal changes, formerly called musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM), are thought to reflect muscle usage throughout life (although it is widely agreed that they have a multifactorial origin). This paper uses a meta-analysis of comparable published data to plot trends in time by muscle, enthesis type and sex. The results show that agriculturalists have the lowest scores for entheseal changes, with hunter-gatherers next highest and those working in industry the highest. These findings are the same for males and females, for most muscles and muscle groups. However, entheseal changes are highly correlated with increased age and the age distributions of the population samples analysed could not be compared. It is, therefore, possible that differences in age distribution of the samples is one of the reasons for this finding. Recommendations are provided to reduce this and other limitations for future meta-analyses.FTC - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD82559/2011
Methodologies for an improved prediction of the isotopic content in high burnup samples. Application to Vandellos-II reactor core

Fuel cycles are designed with the aim of obtaining the highest amount of energy possible. Since higher burnup values are reached, it is necessary to improve our disposal designs, traditionally based on the conservative assumption that they contain fresh fuel. The criticality calculations involved must consider burnup by making the most of the experimental and computational capabilities developed, respectively, to measure and predict the isotopic content of the spent nuclear fuel. These high burnup scenarios encourage a review of the computational tools to find out possible weaknesses in the nuclear data libraries, in the methodologies applied and their applicability range. Experimental measurements of the spent nuclear fuel provide the perfect framework to benchmark the most well-known and established codes, both in the industry and academic research activity.\ud
\ud
For the present paper, SCALE 6.0/TRITON and MONTEBURNS 2.0 have been chosen to follow the isotopic content of four samples irradiated in the Spanish Vandellós-II pressurized water reactor up to burnup values ranging from 40 GWd/MTU to 75 GWd/MTU. By comparison with the experimental data reported for these samples, we can probe the applicability of these codes to deal with high burnup problems. We have developed new computational tools within MONTENBURNS 2.0. They make possible to handle an irradiation history that includes geometrical and positional changes of the samples within the reactor core. This paper describes the irradiation scenario against which the mentioned codes and our capabilities are to be benchmarked
An inverse scattering formalism for STU supergravity

STU supergravity becomes an integrable system for solutions that effectively
only depend on two variables. This class of solutions includes the Kerr
solution and its charged generalizations that have been studied in the
literature. We here present an inverse scattering method that allows to
systematically construct solutions of this integrable system. The method is
similar to the one of Belinski and Zakharov for pure gravity but uses a
different linear system due to Breitenlohner and Maison and here requires some
technical modifications. We illustrate this method by constructing a
four-charge rotating solution from flat space. A generalization to other
set-ups is also discussed.Comment: 27 page
Flavours in global Klebanov-Witten background

We probe flavour branes in the Klebanov-Witten background in global
coordinates. We show that supersymmetric probes correspond to massless flavours
and analyse their spectrum of fluctuations. Our studies suggest that the mesons
are dissociated by the Casimir energy. The spectrum is equidistant, with a
ground state given by the conformal dimension of the operator dual to the
fluctuations. We show that the equidistant structure of the spectrum arises
from the addition of the angular momenta of the fundamental fields composing
the meson operators.Comment: 24 page
Authorship Analysis based on Data Compression

This paper proposes to perform authorship analysis using the Fast Compression
Distance (FCD), a similarity measure based on compression with dictionaries
directly extracted from the written texts. The FCD computes a similarity
between two documents through an effective binary search on the intersection
set between the two related dictionaries. In the reported experiments the
proposed method is applied to documents which are heterogeneous in style,
written in five different languages and coming from different historical
periods. Results are comparable to the state of the art and outperform
traditional compression-based methods
Effects of different modified diets on growth, digestive enzyme activities and muscle compositions in juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910)

The effects of four modified diets (gamma-irradiated, microwave-irradiated, probiotic-supplemented and
carbohydrase-supplemented diets) were studied on digestive enzyme specific activities and growth performance
quality of juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) during 2 weeks of critical and
intensive rearing period. The modified procedures did not change biochemical compositions and gross energy
of diets, but generally resulted in relatively higher in vitro digestibilities of protein and carbohydrate and
fish survival rate, albeit insignificant. Only gamma irradiation significantly increased in vitro protein digestibility
of the diet, and microwave irradiation increased starch gelatinization and water solubility (Pb0.05).
Fish fed microwave-treated diet showed highest values in all studied growth indicators and digestive
enzyme specific activities (except lipase), with significantly higher amylase specific activity and activity
ratio of amylase to trypsin (A/T ratio). Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships (Pb0.05) among
the levels of total protease, amylase and trypsin, and between SGR and A/T ratio. Muscle and body compositions
of juveniles fed on microwave- or gamma-irradiated diets were similar to the control, while the juveniles fed on
probiotic- or carbohydrase-supplemented diets showed lower protein depositions (Pb0.05). Similar levels of
RNA, RNA/Protein ratio, and Protein/Lipid ratio in body andmuscle in all dietary groups fed ad libitumsuggested
that the improved growth performance in juvenile Siamese fighting fish fed on microwave-irradiated diet may
not be only due to improved physicochemical properties of the diet but also improved fish consumption rate
Influence of an upstream building on the wind-induced mean suction on the flat roof of a low-rise building

The effect of an upstream building on the suction forces on the flat roof of a low-rise building placed in the wake of the former is analyzed. The analysis has been performed by wind tunnel testing of a flat roof, low-rise building model equipped with pressure taps on the roof and different block-type buildings (only configurations where the upstream building is as high or higher than the downstream one are considered in this paper). The influence of the distance between both buildings on the wind loads on the downstream building roof is analyzed, as well as the height of the upstream one and the wind angle of incidence. Experimental results reveal that the wind load increases as the relative height of the upstream building increases, the wind load being highest for intermediate distances between buildings, when a passage between them is formed
Cattle ranching intensification in Brazil can reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by sparing land from deforestation

This study examines whether policies to encourage cattle ranching intensification in Brazil can abate global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by sparing land from deforestation. We use an economic model of global land use to investigate, from 2010 to 2030, the global agricultural outcomes, land use changes, and GHG abatement resulting from two potential Brazilian policies: a tax on cattle from conventional pasture and a subsidy for cattle from semi-intensive pasture. We find that under either policy, Brazil could achieve considerable sparing of forests and abatement of GHGs, in line with its national policy targets. The land spared, particularly under the tax, is far less than proportional to the productivity increased. However, the tax, despite prompting less adoption of semi-intensive ranching, delivers slightly more forest sparing and GHG abatement than the subsidy. This difference is  explained by increased deforestation associated with increased beef consumption under the subsidy and reduced deforestation associated with reduced beef consumption under the tax. Complementary policies to directly limit deforestation could help limit these effects. GHG abatement from either the tax or subsidy appears inexpensive but, over time, the tax would become cheaper than the subsidy. A revenue-neutral combination of the policies could be an element of a sustainable development strategy for Brazil and other emerging economies seeking to balance agricultural development and forest protection
Colored HOMFLY polynomials for the pretzel knots and links

With the help of the evolution method we calculate all HOMFLY polynomials in all symmetric representations [ r ] for a huge family of (generalized) pretzel links, which are made from g + 1 two strand braids, parallel or antiparallel, and depend on g + 1 integer numbers. We demonstrate that they possess a pronounced new structure: are decomposed into a sum of a product of g + 1 elementary polynomials, which are obtained from the evolution eigenvalues by rotation with the help of rescaled SU q ( N ) Racah matrix, for which we provide an explicit expression. The generalized pretzel family contains many mutants, undistinguishable by symmetric HOMFLY polynomials, hence, the extension of our results to non-symmetric representations R is a challenging open problem. To this end, a non-trivial generalization of the suggested formula can be conjectured for entire family with arbitrary g and R
Factorization and resummation for transverse thrust

We analyze transverse thrust in the framework of Soft Collinear Effective Theory and obtain a factorized expression for the cross section that permits resummation of terms enhanced in the dijet limit to arbitrary accuracy. The factorization theorem for this hadron-collider event-shape variable involves collinear emissions at different virtualities and suffers from a collinear anomaly. We compute all its ingredients at the one-loop order, and show that the two-loop input for next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy can be extracted numerically, from existing fixed-order codes
Note on off-shell relations in nonlinear sigma model

In this note, we investigate relations between tree-level off-shell currents in nonlinear sigma model. Under Cayley parametrization, all odd-point currents vanish. We propose and prove a generalized U(1) identity for even-point currents. The off-shell U(1) identity given in [1] is a special case of the generalized identity studied in this note. The on-shell limit of this identity is equivalent with the on-shell KK relation. Thus this relation provides the full off-shell correspondence of tree-level KK relation in nonlinear sigma model
How cooperation became the norm

Most of the contributions to Cooperation and Its Evolution grapple with the distinctive challenges presented by the project of explaining human sociality. Many of these puzzles have a ‘chicken and egg’ character: our virtually unparalleled capacity for large-scale cooperation is the product of psychological, behavioural, and demographic changes in our recent evolutionary history, and these changes are linked by complex patterns of reciprocal dependence. There is much we do not yet understand about the timing of these changes, and about the order in which different aspects of human social psychology (co-)evolved. In this review essay, I discuss four such puzzles the volume raises. These concern punishment and norm-psychology, moral judgement and the moral emotions, hierarchy and top-down coercion, and property rights and legal systems
Evidence of improved ferroelectric phase stabilization in Nd and Sc co-substituted BiFeO3

Polycrystalline BiFeO3 and Bi0.9Nd0.1Fe1- xScxO3 (x = 0, 0.05, and 0.10) multiferroic compounds were prepared using conventional solid-state route. X-ray diffraction studies and Raman measurements indicated that the compounds were crystallized in rhombohedral structure with R3c space group. Weak ferromagnetism was induced due to the suppression of canted spin structure in the substituted compounds. Both remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercive field (Hc) were enhanced in Nd and Sc substituted compounds. Further, Néel temperature TN was decreased from 644 K for BiFeO3 to 550 K for Bi0.9Nd0.1Fe0.9Sc0.1O3 compound due to weakening of magnetic exchange interactions between B-site cations in the substituted compounds. Enhanced and nearly well saturated electrical polarizations were observed in Sc substituted compounds, which are attributed to the strengthening of covalent hybridization between Bi and O ions and reduction in oxygen vacancies. The remnant polarization was enhanced to 12.5-μC/cm2 in Bi0.9Nd0.1Fe0.9Sc0.1O3 compound. Impedance studies revealed that insulating character of substituted compounds is enhanced and electrical relaxations are of non-Debye type
Building a hybrid land cover map with crowdsourcing and geographically weighted regression

Land cover is of fundamental importance to many environmental applications and serves as critical baseline information for many large scale models e.g. in developing future scenarios of land use and climate change. Although there is an ongoing movement towards the development of higher resolution global land cover maps, medium resolution land cover products (e.g. GLC2000 and MODIS) are still very useful for modelling and assessment purposes. However, the current land cover products are not accurate enough for many applications so we need to develop approaches that can take existing land covers maps and produce a better overall product in a hybrid approach. This paper uses geographically weighted regression (GWR) and crowdsourced validation data from Geo-Wiki to create two hybrid global land cover maps that use medium resolution land cover products as an input. Two different methods were used: (a) the GWR was used to determine the best land cover product at each location; (b) the GWR was only used to determine the best land cover at those locations where all three land cover maps disagree, using the agreement of the land cover maps to determine land cover at the other cells. The results show that the hybrid land cover map developed using the first method resulted in a lower overall disagreement than the individual global land cover maps. The hybrid map produced by the second method was also better when compared to the GLC2000 and GlobCover but worse or similar in performance to the MODIS land cover product depending upon the metrics considered. The reason for this may be due to the use of the GLC2000 in the development of GlobCover, which may have resulted in areas where both maps agree with one another but not with MODIS, and where MODIS may in fact better represent land cover in those situations. These results serve to demonstrate that spatial analysis methods can be used to improve medium resolution global land cover information with existing products