pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Criticality in the slowed-down boiling crisis at zero gravity

International audienceBoiling crisis is a transition between nucleate and film boiling. It occurs at a threshold value of the heat flux from the heater called CHF (critical heat flux). Usually, boiling crisis studies are hindered by the high CHF and short transition duration (below 1 ms). Here we report on experiments in hydrogen near its liquid-vapor critical point, in which the CHF is low and the dynamics slow enough to be resolved. As under such conditions the surface tension is very small, the experiments are carried out in the reduced gravity to preserve the conventional bubble geometry. Weightlessness is created artificially in two-phase hydrogen by compensating gravity with magnetic forces. We were able to reveal the fractal structure of the contour of the percolating cluster of the dry areas at the heater that precedes the boiling crisis. We provide a direct statistical analysis of dry spot areas that confirms the boiling crisis at zero gravity as a scale-free phenomenon. It was observed that, in agreement with theoretical predictions, saturated boiling CHF tends to zero (within the precision of our thermal control system) in zero gravity, which suggests that the boiling crisis may be observed at any heat flux provided the experiment lasts long enough
Missing data in randomized controlled trials of rheumatoid arthritis with radiographic outcomes: A simulation study.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To assess the impact, in terms of statistical power and bias of treatment effect, of approaches to dealing with missing data in randomized controlled trials of rheumatoid arthritis with radiographic outcomes. METHODS: We performed a simulation study. The missingness mechanisms we investigated copied the process of withdrawal from trials due to lack of efficacy. We compared 3 methods of managing missing data: all available data (case-complete), last observation carried forward (LOCF), and multiple imputation. Data were then analyzed by classic t-test (comparing the mean absolute change between baseline and final visit) or F test (estimation of treatment effect with repeated measurements by a linear mixed-effects model). RESULTS: With a missing data rate close to 15%, the treatment effect was underestimated by 18% as estimated by a linear mixed-effects model with a multiple imputation approach to missing data. This bias was lower than that obtained with the case-complete approach (-25%) or LOCF approach (-35%). This statistical approach (combination of multiple imputation and mixed-effects analysis) was moreover associated with a power of 70% (for a 90% nominal level), whereas LOCF was associated with a power of 55% and a case-complete power of 58%. Analysis with the t-test gave qualitatively equivalent but poorer quality results, except when multiple imputation was applied. CONCLUSION: Our simulation study demonstrated multiple imputation, offering the smallest bias in treatment effect and the highest power. These results can help in planning trials, especially in choosing methods of imputation and data analysis
Evaluation of the role of glutathione in the lead-induced toxicity in saccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in the lead stress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Yeast cells exposed to Pb, for 3 h, lost the cell proliferation capacity (viability) and decreased intracellular GSH level. The Pb-induced loss of cell viability was compared among yeast cells deficient in GSH1 (∆gsh1) or GSH2 (∆gsh2) genes and wild-type (WT) cells. When exposed to Pb, ∆gsh1 and ∆gsh2 cells did not display an increased loss of viability, compared with WT cells. However, the depletion of cellular thiols, including GSH, by treatment of WT cells with iodoacetamide (an alkylating agent, which binds covalently to thiol group), increased the loss of viability in Pb-treated cells. In contrast, GSH enrichment, due to the incubation of WT cells with amino acids mixture constituting GSH (l-glutamic acid, l-cysteine and glycine), reduced the Pb-induced loss of proliferation capacity. The obtained results suggest that intracellular GSH is involved in the defence against the Pb-induced toxicity; however, at physiological concentration, GSH seems not to be sufficient to prevent the Pb-induced loss of cell viability
The Challenges of Creativity in Software Organizations

Part 1: Creating ValueInternational audienceManaging creativity has proven to be one of the most important drivers in software development and use. The continuous changing market environment drives companies like Google, SAS Institute and LEGO to focus on creativity as an increasing necessity when competing through sustained innovations. However, creativity in the information systems (IS) environment is a challenge for most organizations that is primarily caused by not knowing how to strategize creative processes in relation to IS strategies, thus, causing companies to act ad hoc in their creative endeavors. In this paper, we address the organizational challenges of creativity in software organizations. Grounded in a previous literature review and a rigorous selection process, we identify and present a model of seven important factors for creativity in software organizations. From these factors, we identify 21 challenges that software organizations experience when embarking on creative endeavors and transfer them into a comprehensive framework. Using an interpretive research study, we further study the framework by analyzing how the challenges are integrated in 27 software organizations. Practitioners can use this study to gain a deeper understanding of creativity in their own business while researchers can use the framework to gain insight while conducting interpretive field studies of managing creativity
The impact of immigration on the French labor market: Why so different?

International audienceCombining large (up to 25%) extracts of five French censuses and data from Labor Force Surveys for 1968-1999, we use Borjas (2003)'s factor proportions methodology for France and find that a 10 p.p. increase in the immigrant share raises natives' wages by 3.3%, which is in stark contrast with the results in Borjas (2003) for the U.S. The positive impact of immigration on natives' wages and employment is shown to hold also at the regional level. We find evidence that this positive correlation partly comes from the imperfect substitutability of natives and immigrants within education/experience cells. Specifically, (i) the occupational distribution of natives and immigrants within these cells is more dissimilar when there are more immigrants in the cell; (ii) natives tend to perform more abstract tasks when there are more immigrants in the cell; and (iii) an important part of the positive relation between immigration and wages comes from a reallocation of natives to better-paid occupations within the cells. However, we argue that this positive correlation is also likely to be related to the inability of the Borjas (2003) model to perfectly account for the important changes in the wage distribution and the educational level characterizing the French economy in this period
Gender Stereotype Conformity and Age as Determinants of Preschoolers' Injury-Risk Behaviors

Unintentional injuries continue to be a serious public-health problem for children and are higher for boys than for girls, from infancy through adulthood. Literature on differential socialization concerning risky behaviors and gender stereotypes suggests that sex differences in unintentional injuries could be explained by children's differential feedback to social pressure, leading to behaviors which conform to masculine and feminine stereotypes. We made the prediction that boys' and girls' conformity with masculine stereotypes influences injury-risk behaviors among preschoolers. Masculinity scores, femininity scores, and injury-risk behaviors of 170 three- to six-year-old children (89 boys and 81 girls) were measured indirectly on two scales filled out by their parents. Results show that boys' and girls' injury-risk behaviors are predicted by masculine stereotype conformity and that girls' masculine behaviors decline with increasing age. These results underline the impact of gender roles - and of the differential socialization associated with those roles - on sex differences in children's risky behaviors as early as the preschool period. Injury, Child, Gender, Preschool, Socialization, Stereotyp
A New AR Interaction Paradigm for Collaborative TeleAssistance system: The P.O.A

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a prototype of a collaborative teleassistance system for mechanical repairs based on Augmented Reality (AR). This technology is generally used to implement specific assistance applications for users, which consist of providing all the information, known as augmentations, required to perform a task. For teletransmission applications, operators are equipped with a wearable computer and a technical support expert can accurately visualize what the operator sees thanks to the teletransmission of the corresponding video stream. Within the framework of remote communication, our aim is to foster collaboration, especially informal collaboration, between the operator and the expert in order to make teleassistance easier and more efficient. To do this we rely on classical repair technologies and on collaborative systems to introduce a new human-machine interaction: the Picking Outlining Adding interaction (POA interaction). With this new interaction paradigm, technical information is provided by directly Picking, Outlining and Adding information to an item in an operator's video stream
Specific language impairment as systemic developmental disorders

International audienceSpecific Language Impairment (SLI) is a disorder characterised by slow, abnormal language development.<br />Most children with this disorder do not present any other cognitive or neurological deficits. There<br />are many different pathological developmental profiles and switches from one profile to another often<br />occur. An alternative would be to consider SLI as a generic name covering three developmental language<br />disorders: developmental verbal dyspraxia, linguistic dysphasia, and pragmatic language impairment.<br />The underlying cause of SLI is unknown and the numerous studies on the subject suggest that there is<br />no single cause. We suggest that SLI is the result of an abnormal development of the language system,<br />occurring when more than one part of the system fails, thus blocking the system's natural compensation<br />mechanisms. Since compensation also hinders linguistic evaluation, one possibility for diagnosis and<br />remediation control is to assess basic cognitive abilities by non-linguistic means whenever possible.<br />Neurological plausible bases for language and language development should also be taken into account to<br />offer new hypotheses and research issues for future work on SLI
Short range order in Ge-Ga-Se glasses

International audienceShort range order of glassy Ge20Ga10Se70 and Ge20Ga5Se75 was investigated by neutron diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) at Ge, Ga and Se K-edges. For each composition large scale structural models were obtained by fitting simultaneously the four experimental datasets in the framework of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique. It was found that both Ge and Ga are predominantly fourfold coordinated. The quality of the fits was strongly improved by introducing Ge-Ga bonding. Models giving the best agreement with experimental data show that Ga has a complex effect on the Ge-Se host matrix: i) it enters the covalent network by forming Ga-Ge bonds ii) by decreasing the number of Se atoms around Ge, it contributes to the formation of Se-Se bonds, which may explain the higher solubility of lanthanide ions iii) the average coordination number of Se increases due to the Ga-Se ‘extra’ bonds. The higher average coordination of the network may be responsible for the increase of Tg upon adding Ga to Ge-Se glasse
Temperature stable BaSrTiO3 thin films suitable for microwave applications

International audienceIn this paper, the properties of an optimized BaSrTiO 3 thin film, deposited on an alu-mina substrate using a sol-gel process, are presented. The real and imaginary parts of the permittivity and the tunability have been measured over 7 decades of frequency and in a temperature interval of 320 °C, which provides a good knowledge of the material properties for microwave applications. The dielectric properties of the films show a good stability in frequency and in temperature. From −80 °C to 20 ° C, the permittivity changes less than 2% and from −75 ° C to 100 °C, the tunability stays higher than 90% of its maximum value. The frequency dependence of the relative permittivity of the thin film is rather small since it only varies from 375 at 1 kHz to 350 at 5 GHz. As a main consequence, the tunability which attains almost 60% under a bias field of 400 kV/cm, is very stable in frequency up to 5 GHz. The dielectric losses tan δ, measured up to 1 GHz, stay below 0.02 for the complete frequency range. Although the material is in the ferroelectric phase, the hysteresis effect is quite negligible, which results in a well-determined permittivity value for a given electric bias field. The characterized thin film has been integrated into a reflectarray cell allowing a dynamic control of the reflected phase. The measured phase-shift value is close to the simulated one, showing the performance of the material
A common operator for FFT and FEC decoding

International audienceIn the Software Radio context, the parametrization is becoming an important topic especially when it comes to multistandard designs. This paper capitalizes on the Common Operator technique to present new common structures for the FFT and FEC decoding algorithms. A key benefit of exhibiting common operators is the regular architecture it brings when implemented in a Common Operator Bank (COB). This regularity makes the architecture open to future function mapping and adapted to accommodated silicon technology variability through dependable design
Linear-time Constant-ratio Approximation Algorithm and Tight Bounds for the Contiguity of Cographs

International audienceIn this paper we consider a graph parameter called contiguity which aims at encoding a graph by a linear ordering of its vertices. We prove that the contiguity of cographs is unbounded but is always dominated by O(log n), where n is the number of vertices of the graph. And we prove that this bound is tight in the sense that there exists a family of cographs on n vertices whose contiguity is Omega(log n). In addition to these results on the worst-case contiguity of cographs, we design a linear-time constant-ratio approximation algorithm for computing the contiguity of an arbitrary cograph, which constitutes our main result. As a by-product of our proofs, we obtain a min-max theorem, which is worth of interest in itself, stating equality between the rank of a tree and the minimum height of its path partitions
Making Adaptive an Interval Constraint Propagation Algorithm Exploiting Monotonicity

International audienceA new interval constraint propagation algorithm, called MOnotonic Hull Consistency (Mohc), has recently been proposed. Mohc exploits monotonicity of functions to better filter variable domains. Embedded in an interval-based solver, Mohc shows very high performance for solving systems of numerical constraints (equations or inequalities) over the reals. However, the main drawback is that its revise procedure depends on two user-defined parameters. This paper reports a rigourous empirical study resulting in a variant of Mohc that avoids a manual tuning of the parameters. In particular, we propose a policy to adjust in an auto-adaptive way, during the search, the parameter sensitive to the monotonicity of the revised function
The puzzle of cooperation in a game of chicken: An experimental study

Online version Since 2010-06-11International audienceThe objective of this article is to investigate the impact of agent heterogeneity (as regards their attitude towards cooperation) and payoff structure on cooperative behaviour, using an experimental setting with incomplete information. A game of chicken is played considering two types of agents: 'unconditional cooperators', who always cooperate, and 'strategic cooperators', who do not cooperate unless it is in their interest to do so. Overall, our data show a much higher propensity to cooperate than predicted by theory. They also suggest that agent heterogeneity matters: the higher the proportion of 'strategic cooperators' in the population, the higher their probability to cooperate. Finally, our data confirm that higher rewards to cooperation (embedded in the payoff structure) tend to lower defection. Taken together, our results suggest that the subjects might be non-expected utility maximizers, dealing with both outcomes and probabilities in a non-linear manner
Feedback Amplification of Neutrophil Function

As the first line of innate immune defense, neutrophils need to mount a rapid and robust antimicrobial response. Recent studies implicate various positive feedback amplification processes in achieving that goal. Feedback amplification ensures effective migration of neutrophils in shallow chemotactic gradients, multiple waves of neutrophil recruitment to the site of inflammation, and the augmentation of various effector functions of the cells. We review here such positive feedback loops including intracellular and autocrine processes, paracrine effects mediated by lipid (LTB4), chemokine, and cytokine mediators, and bidirectional interactions with the complement system and with other immune and non-immune cells. These amplification mechanisms are not only involved in antimicrobial immunity but also contribute to neutrophil-mediated tissue damage under pathological conditions. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Improving Inter-Block Backtracking with Interval Newton

International audienceInter-block backtracking (IBB) computes all the solutions of sparse systems of nonlinear equations over the reals. This algorithm, introduced by Bliek et al. (1998) handles a system of equations previously decomposed into a set of (small) k × k sub-systems, called blocks. Partial solutions are computed in the different blocks in a certain order and combined together to obtain the set of global solutions. When solutions inside blocks are computed with interval-based techniques, IBB can be viewed as a new interval-based algorithm for solving decomposed systems of non-linear equations. Previous implementations used Ilog Solver and its IlcInterval library as a black box, which implied several strong limitations. New versions come from the integration of IBB with the interval-based library Ibex. IBB is now reliable (no solution is lost) while still gaining at least one order of magnitude w.r.t. solving the entire system. On a sample of benchmarks, we have compared several variants of IBB that differ in the way the contraction/filtering is performed inside blocks and is shared between blocks. We have observed that the use of interval Newton inside blocks has the most positive impact on the robustness and performance of IBB. This modifies the influence of other features, such as intelligent backtracking. Also, an incremental variant of inter-block filtering makes this feature more often fruitful
Comparison of two hot tearing criteria in numerical modelling of arc welding of stainless steel AISI 321

International audienceTwo hot cracking criteria have been tested: the RDG criterion, based on the prediction of liquid cavitation as a precursor of crack formation, and a strain-based solid mechanics criterion. Both criteria have been implemented in a finite element thermo-mechanical simulation of gas tungsten arc welding. After comparison with experimental results obtained in a test campaign on stainless steel AISI 321, both criteria have shown good ability to predict crack occurrence. Yet, the best response in terms of cracking prediction was obtained with the strain-based solid mechanics criterion
On the crystallization behavior of syndiotactic-b-atactic polystyrene stereodiblock copolymers, atactic/syndiotactic polystyrene blends, and aPS/sPS blends modified with sPS-b-aPS

International audienceCrystallization and morphological features of syndiotactic-b-atactic polystyrene stereodiblock copolymers (sPS-b-aPS), atactic/syndiotactic polystyrene blends (aPS/sPS), and aPS/sPS blends modified with sPS-b-aPS, with different compositions in aPS and sPS, have been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light optical microscopy (POM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXRD) techniques. For comparative purposes, the properties of parent pristine sPS samples were also studied. WAXRD analyses revealed for all the samples, independently from their composition (aPS/sPS ratio) and structure (blends, block copolymers, blends modified with block copolymers), the same polymorphic β form of sPS. The molecular weight of aPS and sPS showed opposite effects on the crystallization of 50:50 aPS/sPS blends: the lower the molecular weight of aPS, the slower the crystallization while the lower the molecular weight of sPS, the faster the crystallization. DSC studies performed under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, independently confirmed by POM studies, led to a clear trend for the crystallization rate at a given sPS/aPS ratio (ca. 50:50 and 20:80): sPS homopolymers > sPS-b-aPS block copolymers ∼sPS/aPS blends modified with sPS-b-aPS copolymers > sPS/aPS blends. Interestingly, sPS-b-aPS block copolymers not only crystallized faster than blends, but also affected positively the crystallization behavior of blends. At 50:50 sPS/aPS ratio, blends (Blend-2), block copolymers (Cop-1) and blends modified with block copolymers (Blend-2-mod) crystallized via spherulitic crystalline growth controlled by an interfacial process. In all cases, an instantaneous nucleation was observed. The density of nuclei in block copolymers (160,000−190,000 nuclei mm−3) was always higher than that in blends and modified blends (30,000−60,000 nuclei mm−3), even for quite different sPS/aPS ratio. At 20:80 sPS/aPS ratio, the block copolymers (Cop-2) preserved the same crystallization mechanism than at 45:55 ratio (Cop-1). On the other hand, the 20:80 sPS/aPS blend (Blend-4) and blend modified with block copolymers (Blend-4-mod) showed a spinodal decomposition
An average study of hypergraphs and their minimal transversals

International audienceIn this paper, we study some average properties of hypergraphs and the average com-plexity of algorithms applied to hypergraphs under different probabilistic models. Our approach is both theoretical and experimental since our goal is to obtain a random model that is able to capture the real-data complexity. Starting from a model that generalizes the Erdös-Renyi model [9, 10], we obtain asymptotic estimations on the average number of transversals, minimals and minimal transversals in a random hy-pergraph. We use those results to obtain an upper bound on the average complexity of algorithms to generate the minimal transversals of an hypergraph. Then we make our random model more complex in order bring it closer to real-data and identify cases where the average number of minimal tranversals is at most polynomial, quasi-polynomial or exponential