pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Permian–Triassic amalgamation of Asia: Insights from Northeast China sutures and their place in the final collision of North China and Siberia

International audienceThe Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB) corresponds to the domain where Siberia and Mongolia were welded to North China. The eastern extension of the CAOB in NE China is disputed, since both suture location and timing are poorly documented. This paper reports for the first time the recognition of two suture zones in the southern part of Northeast China (Manchuria), between the Fushun Mishan and Yilan-Yitong faults. In the Jilin Province, west-directed thrust sheets involving successively, from west to east, passive continental margin rocks, metamorphic rocks and ophiolites, block-in-matrix formations and arc plutons indicate a Permian–Early Triassic collision. In the Liaoning Province, arc plutonism and top-to-the-north ductile shearing, coeval with the emplacement of an ophiolitic nappe, suggest a Palaeozoic collision. These two sutures are correlated with the Ondor Sum and Solonker sutures, described in Inner Mongolia. A new geodynamic model involving rifting and collision of the southern part of the Xilinhot Block with North China is proposed
Towards energy-proportional Clouds partially powered by renewable energy

International audienceWith the emergence of the Future Internet and the dawning of new IT models such as cloud computing, the usage of data centers (DC), and consequently their power consumption, increase dramatically. Besides the ecological impact, the energy consumption is a predominant criterion for DC providers since it determines the daily cost of their infrastructure. As a consequence, power management becomes one of the main challenges for DC infrastructures and more generally for large-scale distributed systems. In this paper, we present the EpoCloud prototype, from hardware to middleware layers. This prototype aims at optimizing the energy consumption of mono-site Cloud DCs connected to the regular electrical grid and to renewable-energy sources
Fully Deformable 3D Digital Partition Model with Topological Control

International audienceWe propose a purely discrete deformable partition model for segmenting 3D images. Its main ability is to maintain the topology of the partition during the minimization process. To do so, our main contribution is a new definition of multi-label simple points (ML simple point) that is easily computable. An ML simple point can be relabeled without modifying the overall topology of the partition. The definition is based on intervoxel properties, and uses the notion of collapse on cubical complexes. This work is an extension of a former restricted definition [DupasAl09] that prohibits the move of intersections of boundary surfaces. A deformation process is carried out with a greedy energy minimization algorithm. A discrete area estimator is used to approach at best standard regularizers classically used in continuous energy minimizing methods. We illustrate the potential of our approach with the segmentation of 3D medical images with known expected topology
Wide range local resistance imaging on fragile materials by conducting probe atomic force microscopy in intermittent contact mode

International audienceAn imaging technique associating a slowly intermittent contact mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a home-made multi-purpose resistance sensing device is presented. It aims at extending the widespread resistance measurements classically operated in contact mode AFM to broaden their application fields to soft materials (molecular electronics, biology) and fragile or weakly anchored nano-objects, for which nanoscale electrical characterization is highly demanded and often proves to be a challenging task in contact mode. Compared with the state of the art concerning less aggressive solutions for AFM electrical imaging, our technique brings a significantly wider range of resistance measurement (over 10 decades) without any manual switching, which is a major advantage for the characterization of materials with large on-sample resistance variations. After describing the basics of the set-up, we report on preliminary investigations focused on academic samples of self-assembled monolayers with various thicknesses as a demonstrator of the imaging capabilities of our instrument, from qualitative and semi-quantitative viewpoints. Then two application examples are presented, regarding an organic photovoltaic thin film and an array of individual vertical carbon nanotubes. Both attest the relevance of the technique for the control and optimization of technological processe
Voting for bugs in Firefox: a voice for Mom and Dad?

International audienceIn this paper, we present preliminary evidence suggesting that the voting mechanism implemented by the open-source Firefox community is a means to provide a supplementary voice to mainstream users. This evidence is drawn from a sample of bug-reports and from information on voters both found within the bug-tracking system (Bugzilla) for Firefox. Although voting is known to be a relatively common feature within the governance structure of many open-source communities, our paper suggests that it also plays a role as a bridge between the mainstream users in the periphery of the community and developers at the core: voters who do not participate in other activities within the community, the more peripheral, tend to vote for the more user-oriented Firefox module; moreover, bugs declared and first patched by members of the periphery and bug rather solved in “I” mode tend to receive more votes; meanwhile, more votes are associated with an increased involvement of core members of the community in the provision of patches, quite possibly as a consequence of the increased efforts and attention that the highly voted bugs attract from the core
Compact and high-quality gamma-ray source applied to 10 μm-range resolution radiography

International audienceGamma-ray beams with optimal and tuneable size, temperature, and dose are of great interest for a large variety of applications. These photons can be produced by the conversion of energetic electrons through the bremsstrahlung process in a dense material. This work presents the experimental demonstration of 30 μm resolution radiography of dense objects using an optimized gamma-ray source, produced with a high-quality electron beam delivered by a compact laser-plasma accelerator
Disorder, critical currents, and vortex pinning energies in isovalently substituted BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$

11 pagesInternational audienceWe present a comprehensive overview of vortex pinning in single crystals of the isovalently substituted iron-based superconductor BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$, a material that qualifies as an archetypical clean superconductor, containing only sparse strong point--like pins [in the sense of C.J. van der Beek {\em et al.}, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 66}, 024523 (2002)]. Widely varying critical current values for nominally similar compositions show that flux pinning is of extrinsic origin. Vortex configurations, imaged using the Bitter decoration method, show less density fluctuations than those previously observed in charge-doped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals. Analysis reveals that the pinning force and -energy distributions depend on the P-content $x$. However, they are always much narrower than in Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$, a result that is attributed to the weaker temperature dependence of the superfluid density on approaching $T_{c}$ in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$. Critical current density measurements and pinning force distributions independently yield a mean distance between effective pinning centers $\overline{\mathcal L} \sim 90$~nm, increasing with increasing P-content $x$. This evolution can be understood as being the consequence of the P-dependence of the London penetration depth. Further salient features are a wide vortex free ''Meissner belt'', observed at the edge of overdoped crystals, and characteristic chain-like vortex arrangements, observed at all levels of P-substitution
A Review of Global and Regional Sulfur Emission Scenarios

The paper reviews base-year emission inventories, driving forces, and long-term scenarios of sulfur emissions as background material for developing a new set of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios. The paper concludes that future sulfur emission trends will be spatially heterogeneous (decline in OECD countries, rapid increase particularly in Asia) and therefore cannot be modeled on a global scale only. In view of ecosystems and food production impacts future sulfur emissions will also need to be increasingly controlled outside OECD countries. As a result, future sulfur emissions are likely to remain significantly below the values projected in the previous IPCC IS92 high emission scenarios
Major depressive disorder, personality disorders and coping strategies are independent risk factors for lower quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

International audienceObjective: To identify risk factors for lower quality of life (QOL) in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.Methods: Our study included 120 patients from the University Hospital Centers of Tours and Poitiers. This cross-sectional study was conducted 7 months after patients’ breast cancer diagnosis and assessed QOL (Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 = QLQ-C30), socio-demographic characteristics, coping strategies (Brief-Cope), physiological and biological variables (e.g., initial tumor severity, types of treatment received), the existence of major depressive disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and pain severity (QDSA). We assessed personality disorders 3 months after diagnosis (VKP questionnaire). We used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors were associated with physical, emotional and global QOL. Results: Lower physical QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, younger age, a more severe initial tumor stage and the use of the behavioral disengagement coping. Lower emotional QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame and lower use of acceptance coping strategies. Lower global QOL was associated with major depressive disorder, the existence of a personality disorder, a more severe pain level, higher use of self-blame and lower use of positive reframing coping strategies and an absence of hormone therapy.Conclusions: Lower QOL scores were more strongly associated to variables related to the individual’s premorbid psychological characteristics and the manner in which this individual copes with the cancer (e.g., depression, personality and coping) than to cancer-related variables (e.g., treatment types, cancer severity)
Time-dependent changes of the electrical conductivity of basaltic melts with redox state

International audienceThe electrical conductivity of basaltic melts has been measured in real-time after fO2 step-changes in order to investigate redox kinetics. Experimental investigations were performed at 1 atm in a vertical furnace between 1200°C and 1400°C using air, pure CO2 or CO/CO2 gas mixtures to buffer oxygen fugacity in the range 10-8 to 0.2 bars. Ferric/ferrous ratios were determined by wet chemical titrations. A small but detectable effect of fO2 on the electrical conductivity is observed. The more reduced the melt, the higher the conductivity. A modified Arrhenian equation accounts for both T and fO2 effects on the electrical conductivity. We show that time-dependent changes in electrical conductivity following fO2 step-changes monitor the rate of Fe2+/Fe3+ changes. The conductivity change with time corresponds to a diffusion-limited process in the case of reduction in CO-CO2 gas mixtures and oxidation in air. However, a reaction at the gas-melt interface probably rate limits oxidation of the melt under pure CO2. Reduction and oxidation rates are similar and both increase with temperature. Those rates range from 10-9 to 10-8m2/s for the temperature interval 1200-1400°C and show activation energy of about 200kJ/mol. The redox mechanism that best explains our results involves a cooperative motion of cations and oxygen, allowing such fast oxidation-reduction rates
Contrasted Late Glacial and Holocene hydrology of Sarlie`ve paleolake (France) from sediment geometry and detrital versus biochemical composition

International audienceSince the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, hydrology in Europe has been influenced by both climate changes, and since Neolithic times, an increase in human activity. Paleohydrological reconstructions, especially from lake studies, can help identify the respective impact of these two factors. The present work focuses on a lacustrine geosystem, the Sarlie`ve paleolake in the Massif Central (France), in an unusually dry, temperate area. The lake sediment geometry (core drillings, geotechnical methods), and the geochemical and mineralogical characterization of the catchment rocks and soils, and of the lacustrine deposits, indicate major variations in paleohydrology during the last 12,000 years as dated by 14C, palynology and tephrochronology. In addition, a model quantifying detrital versus biochemical lacustrine components was developed to identify hydrological trends. The data show that the Sarlie`ve area was characterized mainly by remarkably dry conditions, hence sharpening the climatic trends at middle latitudes in Western Europe. Three main hydrological phases are distinguished since the Late Glacial: (1) 13.7–7.5 ka cal BP, a dominant dry climate, with a peak at ca. 8 ka cal BP, leading to a lowstand in water level and unusual mineral authigenesis, zeolite then dolomite, constituting up to 60% of the lacustrine sediments; (2) 7.5 to ca. 5.3 ka cal BP, repeated shortduration hydrological alternations that could have been climate-driven: lowstands in water level with up to 60% biochemical minerals versus higher water levels with\10% biochemical minerals; (3) 5.3 ka cal BP to the Middle Ages (i.e. beginning in the 5th century AD), a hydrological trend towards perennial high water level, with mainly detrital sediments, probably linked to climate evolution, except periods of obvious humandriven drying during the last two millennia
Beat-note interferometer for direct phase measurement of photonic information

[[abstract]]We describe a simple method of the beat-note interferometer that directly and dynamically measures the phase shift of light pulses induced by highly dispersive samples. Using the method, we show intuitively that the storage and retrieval of light pulses in a medium due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency is a coherent process and, quantitatively, that there is no observable phase shift caused by the process. This method is sensitive enough that it can be used to measure the phase of a light pulse with energy on the order of a dozen photons.[[fileno]]2010136010037[[department]]物理
An instrument to audit teachers’ use of assessment for learning

This paper traces the design, development and trialling of an assessment for learning audit instrument (AfLAi) in use currently in the Republic of Ireland to gauge teachers’ baseline understanding of AfL practices and the extent to which AfL is embedded in their teaching. As described in the paper, the AfLAi consists of 58 items distributed across four scales based on the following key AfL strategies: sharing learning intentions and success criteria, questioning and classroom discussion, feedback, and peer- and –self ssessment. Preliminary data from the study provide a window into current formative assessment practices in Irish primary schools and teachers’ professional needs in AfL
Mathematical Modelling to Guide Drug Development for Malaria Elimination

Mathematical models of the dynamics of a drug within the host are now frequently used to guide drug development. These generally focus on assessing the efficacy and duration of response to guide patient therapy. Increasingly, antimalarial drugs are used at the population level, to clear infections, provide chemoprevention, and to reduce onward transmission of infection. However, there is less clarity on the extent to which different drug properties are important for these different uses. In addition, the emergence of drug resistance poses new threats to longer-term use and highlights the need for rational drug development. Here, we argue that integrating within-host pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models with mathematical models for the population-level transmission of malaria is key to guiding optimal drug design to aid malaria elimination
A highly detailed land-use vector map for Madrid region based on photo-interpretation

Land Use – Land Cover (LULC) maps have developed remarkably since the global community became aware of the importance of knowing where LULC change is taking place on the Earth's surface. The rapid evolution of geographic information data handling and the automation of satellite image interpretation through remote sensing techniques and algorithms is providing increasingly abundant and up-to-date information on LULC. In addition, at large detail scales, it is important to link LULC maps to available statistical information, such as census information and business activities, which allow land parcels to be more accurately classified. Though automated classification methods can produce useful maps at smaller detail scales, it is not usually possible to accurately map urban areas at large scales without considerable investment of human resources. The development of large-scale information for urban areas is very important, especially in urban areas with accelerated rates of urban change which may jeopardize natural resources and citizens’ quality of life. In this paper, the creation of a set of large detail scale LULC maps and accompanying geodatabase for one such dynamic urban change region, the Madrid Autonomous Community (AC), Spain, is discussed
Non-linear carbon dioxide determination using infrared gas sensors and neural networks with Bayesian regularization

Carbon dioxide gas concentration determination using infrared gas sensors combined with Bayesian regularizing neural networks is presented in this work. Infrared sensor with a measuring range of 0~5% was used to measure carbon dioxide gas concentration within the range 0~15000 ppm. Neural networks were employed to fulfill the nonlinear output of the sensor. The Bayesian strategy was used to regularize the training of the back propagation neural network with a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. By Bayesian regularization (BR), the design of the network was adaptively achieved according to the complexity of the application. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm under Bayesian regularization has better generalization capability, and is more stable than the classical method. The results showed that the Bayesian regulating neural network was a powerful tool for dealing with the infrared gas sensor which has a large non-linear measuring range and provide precise determination of carbon dioxide gas concentration. In this example, the optimal architecture of the network was one neuron in the input and output layer and two neurons in the hidden layer. The network model gave a relationship coefficient of 0.9996 between targets and outputs. The prediction recoveries were within 99.9~100.0%
CLEF 2005: Ad Hoc track overview

We describe the objectives and organization of the CLEF 2005 ad hoc track and discuss the main characteristics of the tasks offered to test monolingual, bilingual and multilingual textual document retrieval. The performance achieved for each task is presented and a preliminary analysis of results is given. The paper focuses in particular on the multilingual tasks which reused the test collection created in CLEF 2003 in an attempt to see if an improvement in system performance over time could be measured, and also to examine the multilingual results merging problem
Asian and Australian options: a common perspective

We show that Australian options are equivalent to fixed or floating strike Asian options and consequently that by studying Asian options from the Australian perspective and vice versa, much can be gained. One specific application of this “Australian approach” leads to a natural dimension reduction for the pricing PDE of Asian options, with or without stochastic volatility, featuring time independent coefficients. Another application lies in the improvement of Monte Carlo schemes, where the “Australian approach” results in a path-independent method. We also show how the Milevsky and Posner (1998) result on the reciprocal Γ-approximation for Asian options can be quickly obtained by using the connection to Australian options. Further, we present an analytical (exact) pricing formula for Australian options and adapt a result of Carr et al. (2008) to show that the price of an Australian call option is increasing in the volatility and by doing this answering a standing question by Moreno and Navas (2008)
Interaction between an elastic structure and free-surface flows: experimental versus numerical comparisons using the PFEM.

The paper aims to introduce new fluid–structure interaction (FSI) tests to compare experimental results with numerical ones. The examples have been chosen for a particular case for which experimental results are not much reported. This is the case of FSI including free surface flows. The possibilities of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) [1] for the simulation of free surface flows is also tested. The simulations are run using the same scale as the experiment in order to minimize errors due to scale effects. Different scenarios are simulated by changing the boundary conditions for reproducing flows with the desired characteristics. Details of the input data for all the examples studied are given. The aim is to identifying benchmark problems for FSI including free surface flows for future comparisons between different numerical approaches
Reynolds number effects on the Reynolds-stress budgets in turbulent channels

Budgets for the nonzero components of the Reynolds-stress tensor are presented for numerical channels with Reynolds numbers in the range Reτ ≤180–2000. The scaling of the different terms is discussed, both above and within the buffer and viscous layers. Above  (x_2^+)≈150, most budget components scale reasonably well with  u_t^3/h, but the scaling with  (u_t^4)/v is generally poor below that level. That is especially true for the dissipations and for the pressure-related terms. The former is traced to the effect of the wall-parallel large-scale motions, and the latter to the scaling of the pressure itself. It is also found that the pressure terms scale better near the wall when they are not separated into their diffusion and deviatoric components, but mostly only because the two terms tend to cancel each other in the viscous sublayer. The budgets, together with their statistical uncertainties, are available electronically from http://torroja.dmt.upm.es/channels
Twice Scattered Particles in a Plane are Uniformly Distributed

It was recently shown (Physica A 216:299–315, 1995) that in two dimensions the sum of three vectors each of whose lengths is exponentially distributed, whose direction is uniformly distributed and such that the sum of their lengths is l, is uniformly distributed on a disk of radius l. We state here this random walk result in terms of scattering of particles as follows: in two dimensions twice isotropically scattered particles by random (i.e., Poisson distributed) scatterers are uniformly distributed. We show that there is no other dimension d and no other number of scatterings s for which the corresponding result (i.e., uniform distribution on a d-dimensional sphere after s scatterings) holds