pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Angular Momentum of Magnetized Molecular Cloud Cores: A 2D-3D
  Comparison

We study the rotational properties of magnetized and self-gravitating
molecular cloud cores formed in 2 very high resolution 3D molecular cloud
simulations.The simulations have been performed using the code RAMSES at an
effective resolution of 4096^3.One simulation represents a mildly
magnetically-supercritical cloud and the other a strongly
magnetically-supercritical cloud.A noticeable difference between the 2
simulations is the core formation efficiency (CFE) of the high density cores.In
the strongly supercritical simulations the CFE is ~33 % per free-fall time of
the cloud tff,cl, whereas in the mildly supercritical simulations this value
goes down to ~6%/tff,cl. A comparison of the intrinsic specific angular
momentum j3D distributions of the cores with the distribitions of j2D derived
using synthetic 2D velocity maps of the cores,shows that the synthetic
observations tend to overestimate the true value of j by a factor of ~10.The
origin of this discrepancy lies in the fact that contrary to the intrinsic
determination which sums up the individual gas parcels contributions to j, the
determination of j using the observational procedure which is based on a
measurement on the global velocity gradient under the hypothesis of uniform
rotation smoothes out the complex fluctuations present in the 3D velocity
field. Our results provide a natural explanation for the discrepancy by a
factor ~10 observed between the intrinsic 3D distributions of j and the
corresponding distributions derived in real observations.We suggest that
measurements of j which are based on the measurement of the observed global
velocity gradients may need to be reduced by a factor of ~10 in order to derive
a more accurate estimate of j in the cores.Comment: accepted to Ap
Characterizing Complex Particle Morphologies Through Shape Matching:
  Descriptors, Applications, and Algorithms

Many standard structural quantities, such as order parameters and correlation
functions, exist for common condensed matter systems, such as spherical and
rod-like particles. However, these structural quantities are often insufficient
for characterizing the unique and highly complex structures often encountered
in the emerging field of nano and microscale self-assembly, or other
disciplines involving complex structures such as computational biology.
Computer science algorithms known as "shape matching" methods pose a unique
solution to this problem by providing robust metrics for quantifying the
similarity between pairs of arbitrarily complex structures. This pairwise
matching operation, either implicitly or explicitly, lies at the heart of most
standard structural characterization schemes for particle systems. By
substituting more robust "shape descriptors" into these schemes we extend their
applicability to structures formed from more complex building blocks. Here, we
describe several structural characterization schemes and shape descriptors that
can be used to obtain various types of structural information about particle
systems. We demonstrate the application of shape matching algorithms to a
variety of example problems, for topics including local and global structure
identification and classification, automated phase diagram mapping, and the
construction of spatial and temporal correlation functions. The methods are
applicable to a wide range of systems, both simulated and experimental,
provided particle positions are known or can be accurately imaged.Comment: 25 pages, 14 figures, J. Comp. Phys., submitte
A Parton Shower for High Energy Jets

We present a method to match the multi-parton states generated by the High
Energy Jets Monte Carlo with parton showers generated by the Ariadne program
using the colour dipole model. The High Energy Jets program already includes a
full resummation of soft divergences. Hence, in the matching it is important
that the corresponding divergences in the parton shower are subtracted, keeping
only the collinear parts. We present a novel, shower-independent method for
achieving this, enabling us to generate fully exclusive and hadronized events
with multiple hard jets, in hadronic collisions. We discuss in detail the
arising description of the soft, collinear and hard regions by examples in pure
QCD jet-production.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures; v2: extended discussion of the matching
  algorithm used, now matches journal versio
Reconstruction of total solar irradiance 1974-2009

Context: The study of variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) is important
for understanding how the Sun affects the Earth's climate.
  Aims: Full-disk continuum images and magnetograms are now available for three
full solar cycles. We investigate how modelled TSI compares with direct
observations by building a consistent modelled TSI dataset. The model, based
only on changes in the photospheric magnetic flux can then be tested on
rotational, cyclical and secular timescales.
  Methods: We use Kitt Peak and SoHO/MDI continuum images and magnetograms in
the SATIRE-S model to reconstruct TSI over cycles 21-23. To maximise
independence from TSI composites, SORCE/TIM TSI data are used to fix the one
free parameter of the model. We compare and combine the separate data sources
for the model to estimate an uncertainty on the reconstruction and prevent any
additional free parameters entering the model.
  Results: The reconstruction supports the PMOD composite as being the best
historical record of TSI observations, although on timescales of the solar
rotation the IRMB composite provides somewhat better agreement. Further to
this, the model is able to account for 92% of TSI variations from 1978 to 2009
in the PMOD composite and over 96% during cycle 23. The reconstruction also
displays an inter-cycle, secular decline of 0.20 (+0.12 / -0.09) Wm-2 between
cycle 23 minima, in agreement with the PMOD composite.
  Conclusions: SATIRE-S is able to recreate TSI observations on all timescales
of a day and longer over 31 years from 1978. This is strong evidence that
changes in photospheric magnetic flux alone are responsible for almost all
solar irradiance variations over the last three solar cycles.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
Invariant template matching in systems with spatiotemporal coding: a
  vote for instability

We consider the design of a pattern recognition that matches templates to
images, both of which are spatially sampled and encoded as temporal sequences.
The image is subject to a combination of various perturbations. These include
ones that can be modeled as parameterized uncertainties such as image blur,
luminance, translation, and rotation as well as unmodeled ones. Biological and
neural systems require that these perturbations be processed through a minimal
number of channels by simple adaptation mechanisms. We found that the most
suitable mathematical framework to meet this requirement is that of weakly
attracting sets. This framework provides us with a normative and unifying
solution to the pattern recognition problem. We analyze the consequences of its
explicit implementation in neural systems. Several properties inherent to the
systems designed in accordance with our normative mathematical argument
coincide with known empirical facts. This is illustrated in mental rotation,
visual search and blur/intensity adaptation. We demonstrate how our results can
be applied to a range of practical problems in template matching and pattern
recognition.Comment: 52 pages, 12 figure
Coherent QCD multiple scattering in proton-nucleus collisions

We argue that high energy proton-nucleus (p+A) collisions provide an
excellent laboratory for studying nuclear size enhanced parton multiple
scattering where power corrections to the leading twist perturbative QCD
factorization approach can be systematically computed. We identify and resum
these corrections and calculate the centrality and rapidity dependent nuclear
suppression of single and double inclusive hadron production at moderate
transverse momenta. We demonstrate that both spectra and dihadron correlations
in p+A reactions are sensitive measures of such dynamical nuclear attenuation
effectsComment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Updated figures and reference
Problems in resumming interjet energy flows with k_t clustering

We consider the energy flow into gaps between hard jets. It was previously
believed that the accuracy of resummed predictions for such observables can be
improved by employing the $k_t$ clustering procedure to define the gap energy
in terms of a sum of energies of soft jets (rather than individual hadrons) in
the gap. This significantly reduces the sensitivity to correlated soft
large-angle radiation (non-global leading logs), numerically calculable only in
the large $N_c$ limit. While this is the case, as we demonstrate here, the use
of $k_t$ clustering spoils the straightforward single-gluon Sudakov
exponentiation that multiplies the non-global resummation. We carry out an
${\mathcal{O}}(\alpha_s^2)$ calculation of the leading single-logarithmic terms
and identify the piece that is omitted by straightforward exponentiation. We
compare our results with the full ${\mathcal{O}} (\alpha_s^2)$ result from the
program EVENT2 to confirm our conclusions. For $e^{+}e^{-} \to 2$ jets and DIS
(1+1) jets one can numerically resum these additional contributions as we show,
but for dijet photoproduction and hadron-hadron processes further studies are
needed.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Holographic Model at Finite Temperature with $R$-chrage density

We consider a holographic model of QCD at finite temperature with nonzero
chemical potentials conjugate to $R$-charge densities. A critical surface of
the confinement-deconfinement phase transition is shown for five-dimensional
charged black hole solution given by Behrnd, Cveti\v{c} and Sabra. On a special
section of the parameter space, we find an critical curve being similar to the
one expected in QCD. We calculate meson spectra and decay constants in the
confinement phase of this section to see their temperature and chemical
potential dependences. We could assure generalized GellMann-Oakes-Renner
relation and the reduction of pion velocity near the critical point.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, Comments are adde
Exotic Higgs decays in the E6 inspired SUSY models

We study the decays of the SM-like Higgs state within the E6 inspired
supersymmetric (SUSY) models with exact custodial symmetry that forbids
tree-level flavor-changing transitions and the most dangerous baryon and lepton
number violating operators. In these models there are two states which are
absolutely stable and can contribute to the dark matter density. One of them is
the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) which is expected to be lighter than 1 eV
forming hot dark matter in the Universe. The presence of another stable neutral
state allows to account for the observed cold dark matter density. In the
considered SUSY models next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP) also tend to be
light. We argue that the NLSP with GeV scale mass can result in the substantial
branching ratio of the nonstadard decays of the lightest Higgs boson.Comment: 15 pages, minor changes to the text. arXiv admin note: text overlap
  with arXiv:1201.5488 by other author
Some results from algebraic geometry over complete discretely valued
  fields

This paper is concerned with algebraic geometry over complete discretely
valued fields $K$ of equicharacteristic zero. Several results are given
including: the canonical projection $K^{n} \times K\mathbb{P}^{m}
\longrightarrow K^{n}$ and blow-ups of the $K$-points of smooth $K$-varieties
are definably closed maps, a descent principle, a version of the Lojasiewicz
inequality for continuous rational functions, curve selection for semialgebraic
sets and the theorem on extending continuous hereditarily rational functions,
established for the real field in our joint paper with J. Kollar. Our approach
applies the quantifier elimination due to Pas. By the transfer principle of
Ax-Kochen-Ershov, all these results carry over to the case of Henselian
discretely valued fields. Using different arguments in our subsequent paper, we
establish them over Henselian real valued fields of equicharacteristic zero.Comment: This paper was included in the article "Some results of algebraic
  geometry over Henselian rank one valued fields", published in Selecta
  Mathematica, DOI 10.1007/s00029-016-0245-y, arXiv:1410.3280 [math.AG
Super-renormalizable & Finite Gravitational Theories

We hereby introduce and extensively study a class of non-polynomial higher
derivative theories of gravity that realize a ultraviolet (UV) completion of
Einstein general relativity. These theories are unitary (ghost free) and at
most only one-loop divergences survive. The outcome is a class of theories
super-renormalizable in even dimension and finite in odd dimension. Moreover,
we explicitly prove in D=4 that there exists an extension of the theory that is
completely finite and all the beta functions vanish even at one-loop. These
results can be easily extended in extra dimensions and it is likely that the
higher dimensional theory can be made finite too. Therefore we have the
possibility for "finite quantum gravity" in any dimension.Comment: 17 page
Bound states of black holes and other p-branes

In the process of identifying heterotic and Type II BPS string states with extremal dilaton black holes, it has been suggested that solutions with scalar/Maxwell parameters a=\sqrt{3}, 1, 1/\sqrt{3} and 0 correspond to 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-particle bound states at threshold. (For example, the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is just a superposition of four Kaluza-Klein black holes). Here we show that not only the masses, electric charges and magnetic charges but also the spins and supermultiplet structures of the string states are consistent with this interpretation. Their superspin L corresponds to the Kerr-type angular momentum and hence only the L=0 elementary BPS states are black holes. Moreover, these results generalize to super p-branes in D-dimensions. By constructing multi-centered p-brane solitons, the new super p-branes found recently with various values of a^2=\Delta-2(p+1)(D-p-3)/(D-2) are seen to be bound states of the fundamental ones with \Delta=4
Photonic penguins at two loops and $m_{t}$-dependence of $BR[B \to X_{s} l^{+} l^{-}]$

We calculate two-loop matching conditions for all the operators that are relevant to B -> X_s l^+ l^- decay in the Standard Model. In effect, we are able to remove the +_16% uncertainty in the decay spectrum, which was mainly due to the renormalization-scale dependence of the top-quark mass. We find 1.46 * 10^-6 for the branching ratio integrated in the domain 0.05 < m_{l^+l^-}^2/m_b^2 < 0.25, for l= e or mu. There remains around 13% perturbative uncertainty in this quantity, while the non-perturbative effects are expected to be smaller
Cross section of the reaction $e^{+}e^{-} \to \pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi ^{-}$ below 1 GeV at CMD-2

Using 3.07 ${pb}^{-1}$ of data collected in the energy range 0.60-0.97 GeV by CMD-2, about 150 events of the process $\epm \to \pch$ have been selected. The energy dependence of the cross section agrees with the assumption of the $a_1(1260) \pi$ intermediate state which is dominant above 1 GeV. For the first time \fourpi events are observed at the $\rho$ meson energy. Under the assumption that all these events come from the $\rho$ meson decay, the value of the cross section at the $\rho$ meson peak corresponds to the following decay width: \Gamma(\rho^0 \to \fourpi) = (2.8 \pm 1.4 \pm 0.5) {keV} or to the branching ratio B(\rho^0 \to \fourpi) = (1.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 0.3) \cdot 10 ^{-5}
Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions
  from p+p and d+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV

Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and
$p(\bar{p})$ from 200 GeV p+p and d+Au collisions are reported. A
time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology
is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the
Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower
energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{dAu}$) between
protons $(p+\bar{p})$ and charged hadrons ($h$) in the transverse momentum
range $1.2<{p_{T}}<3.0$ GeV/c is measured to be
$1.19\pm0.05$(stat)$\pm0.03$(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little
centrality dependence. The yield ratio of $(p+\bar{p})/h$ in minimum-bias d+Au
collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au+Au collisions,
indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the
relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. We extended the pion spectra from
  transverse momentum 1.8 GeV/c to 3. GeV/
Direct Photon Production With Eﬀective Field Theory

The production of hard photons in hadronic collisions is studied using Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET). This is the first application of SCET to a physical, observable cross section involving energetic partons in more than two directions. A factorization formula is derived which involves a non-trivial interplay of the angular dependence in the hard and soft functions, both quark and gluon jet functions, and multiple partonic channels. The relevant hard, jet and soft functions are computed to one loop and their anomalous dimensions are determined to three loops. The final resummed inclusive direct photon distribution is valid to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order (NNLL), one order beyond previous work. The result is improved by including non-logarithmic terms and photon isolation cuts through matching, and compared to Tevatron data and to fixed order results at the Tevatron and the LHC. The resummed cross section has a significantly smaller theoretical uncertainty than the next-to-leading fixed-order result, particularly at high transverse momentum.Physic
Identifying Psychological Mechanisms Underpinning a Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Intervention for Emotional Burnout

One hundred employees of a UK government department were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) a worksite, group-based, CBT intervention called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; n = 43), which aimed to increase participants’ psychological flexibility; and, (2) a waitlist control group (control; n = 57). The ACT group received three half-day sessions of training spread over two and a half months. Data were collected at baseline (T1), at the beginning of the second (T2) and third (T3) workshops, and at six months follow-up (T4). Consistent with ACT theory, analyses revealed that, in comparison to the control group, a significant increase in psychological flexibility from T2 to T3 in the ACT group mediated the subsequent T2 to T4 decrease in emotional exhaustion in the ACT group. Consistent with a theory of emotional burnout development, this significant decrease in emotional exhaustion from T2 to T4 in the ACT group prevented the significant T3 to T4 increase in depersonalization seen in the control group. Strain also decreased from T2 to T3 in the ACT group, only, but no mediator of that improvement was identified. Discussion focuses on implications for theory and practice in the fields of ACT and emotional burnout
Kinetics of ikaite precipitation and dissolution in seawater-derived brines at sub-zero temperatures to 265 K

The kinetics of calcium carbonate hexahydrate (ikaite) precipitation and dissolution were investigated in seawater and seawater-derived brines at sub-zero temperatures using the constant addition experimental technique. The steady state rate of these two processes was found to be a function of the deviation of the solution from equilibrium with respect to ikaite and conformed to the same empirical rate law as the anhydrous CaCO3 polymorphs, calcite and aragonite. In addition to the saturation state of the brine with respect to ikaite, the salinity of the brine and the temperature of the reaction evidently exerted some control on the ikaite precipitation kinetics, while the dissolution kinetics of the polymorph were not noticeably influenced by these two parameters. The experimental salinity and temperature conditions were equivalent to those at thermal equilibrium between brine and ice in the sea ice cover of polar seas. Simple modelling of the CO2 system by extrapolation of the oceanic equivalent to sea ice brines showed that the physical concentration of seawater ions and the changes in ikaite solubility as a function of salinity and temperature, both inherent in the sea ice system, would be insufficient to drive the emergent brines to ikaite supersaturation and precipitation in sea ice down to â��8 Â°C. The loss of dissolved inorganic carbon to the gas phase of sea ice and to sympagic autotrophs are two independent mechanisms which, in nature, could prompt the brine CO2 system towards ikaite supersaturation and precipitation. Under these conditions, the steady state precipitation rate of ikaite was found to be fast enough for rapid formation within short time scales (days to weeks) in sea ice. The observed ikaite dissolution kinetics were also found conducive to short turn-over time scales of a few hours to a few days in corrosive solutions, such as surface seawater
Observation of the decay $\overline{B}_s^0 \rightarrow \psi(2S) K^+
  \pi^-$

The decay $\overline{B}_s^0 \rightarrow \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^-$ is observed using
a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0fb^{-1}$ collected
by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8
TeV. The branching fraction relative to the $B^0\rightarrow \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^-$
decay mode is measured to be \begin{equation} \frac{{\cal B}(\overline{B}^0_s
\rightarrow \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^-)}{{\cal B}(B^0
  \rightarrow \psi(2S) K^+ \pi^-)} = 5.38 \pm 0.36 (stat) \pm 0.22 (syst) \pm
0.31 \, (f_s/f_d) \, \%,\nonumber \end{equation} where $f_s/f_d$ indicates the
uncertainty due to the ratio of probabilities for a $b$ quark to hadronise into
a $B_s^0$ or $B^0$ meson. Using an amplitude analysis, the fraction of decays
proceeding via an intermediate $K^*(892)^0$ meson is measured to be $0.645 \pm
0.049 (stat) \pm 0.049 (syst)$ and its longitudinal polarisation fraction is
$0.524 \pm 0.056 (stat) \pm 0.029 (syst)$. The relative branching fraction for
this component is determined to be \begin{equation} \frac{{\cal
B}(\overline{B}^0_s \rightarrow \psi(2S) K^*(892)^0)}{{\cal B}(B^0
  \rightarrow \psi(2S) K^*(892)^0)} = 5.58 \pm 0.57 (stat) \pm 0.40 (syst) \pm
0.32 \, (f_s/f_d) \, \%. \nonumber \end{equation} In addition, the mass
splitting between the $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ mesons is measured as \begin{equation}
M(B^0_s) - M(B^0) = 87.45 \pm 0.44 (stat) \pm 0.07 (syst) MeV/c^2. \nonumber
\end{equation}Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. v2 updated with published version. All figures
  and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information,
  are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-010.htm
Measurement of double polarisation asymmetries in
  $\omega$-photoproduction

The first measurements of the beam-target-helicity-asymmetries $E$ and $G$ in
the photoproduction of $\omega$-mesons off protons at the CBELSA/TAPS
experiment are reported. $E$ ($G$) was measured using circularly (linearly)
polarised photons and a longitudinally polarised target. $E$ was measured over
the photon energy range from close to threshold ($E_\gamma = 1108$~MeV) to
$E_\gamma = 2300$~MeV and $G$ at a single energy interval of $1108 < E_\gamma
<1300$~MeV. Both measurements cover the full solid angle. The observables $E$
and $G$ are highly sensitive to the contribution of baryon resonances, with $E$
acting as a helicity filter in the $s$-channel. The new results indicate
significant $s$-channel resonance contributions together with contributions
from $t$-channel exchange processes. A partial wave analysis reveals strong
contributions from the partial waves with spin-parity $J^P=3/2^+, 5/2^+$, and
$3/2^-$.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure