pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Minimal $S^{1}/(Z_{2} x Z_{2'})$ Orbifold GUT

We investigate supersymmetric SU(5) grand-unified theories (GUTs) realized in 5 space-time dimensions and broken down to the MSSM by SU(5)-violating boundary conditions on a S^1/(Z_2 x Z_2') orbifold with two 3-branes. The doublet-triplet splitting problem is entirely avoided by locating the MSSM Higgs doublets on the brane on which SU(5) is not a good symmetry. An extremely simple model is then described in which the MSSM matter is also located on this SU(5)-violating brane. Although this model does not unify the MSSM matter within SU(5) multiplets, it explains gauge coupling unification. A second model with MSSM matter in the SU(5)-symmetric bulk preserves both the SU(5) explanation of fermion quantum numbers as well as gauge-coupling unification. Both models naturally avoid problematic SU(5) predictions for the Yukawa couplings of the first two generations and are consistent with proton decay constraints. We analyse the running of gauge couplings above the compactification scale in terms of a 5d effective action and derive the implications for the values of compactification scale, unification scale and of the scale at which the bulk gauge theory becomes strongly coupled
A Chiral $SU(N)$ Gauge Theory and its Non-Chiral $Spin(8)$ Dual

We study supersymmetric $SU(N-4)$ gauge theories with a symmetric tensor and
$N$ antifundamental representations. The theory with $W=0$ has a dual
description in terms of a non-chiral $Spin(8)$ theory with one spinor and $N$
vectors. This duality flows to the $SO(N)$ duality of Seiberg and to a duality
proposed by one of us. It also flows to dualities for a number of $Spin(m)$
theories, $m\le 8$. For $N=6$, when an ${\cal N}=2$ SUSY superpotential is
added, the singularities of Seiberg and Witten are recovered. For $N\le 6$, a
mass for the spinor generates the branches of $SO(8)$ theories found by
Intriligator and Seiberg. Other phenomena include a classical constraint mapped
to an anomaly equation under duality and an intricate consistency check on the
renormalization group flow.Comment: 13 pages, uses harvma
Temperature Instabilities in N=4 Strings

An effective supergravity description of all instabilities of N_4=4
superstrings is derived. The construction is based on the N_4=4 BPS mass
formula at finite temperature and uses the properties of N_4=4 gauged
supergravity. It provides the boundaries of the various thermal phases in the
non-perturbative moduli space. It also draws a precise picture of the dynamics
in the high-temperature heterotic phase. This brief contribution summarizes
results obtained in collaboration with I. Antoniadis and C. Kounnas.Comment: 7 pages, 32nd Int. Symposium Ahrenshoop, Buckow, Germany, Sept. 1-5,
  199
A note on the theorems of M. G. Krein and L. A. Sakhnovich on continuous
  analogs of orthogonal polynomials on the circle

Continuous analogs of orthogonal polynomials on the circle are solutions of a
canonical system of differential equations, introduced and studied by M.G.Krein
and recently generalized to matrix systems by L.A.Sakhnovich. We prove that the
continuous analog of the adjoint polynomials converges in the upper half-plane
in the case of L^2 coefficients, but in general the limit can be defined only
up to a constant multiple even when the coefficients are in L^p for any p>2,
the spectral measure is absolutely continuous and the Szego-Kolmogorov-Krein
condition is satisfied. Thus we point out that Krein's and Sakhnovich's papers
contain an inaccuracy, which does not undermine known implications from these
results
Strangeness Enhancement in p-A Collisions: Consequences for the
  Interpretation of Strangeness Production in A-A Collisions

Published measurements of semi-inclusive Lambda production in p-Au collisions
at the AGS are used to estimate the yields of singly strange hadrons in
nucleus-nucleus A-A collisions. Results of a described extrapolation technique
are shown and compared to measurements of K+ production in Si-Al, Si-Au, and
Au-Au collisions at the AGS and net Lambda production in Su-Su, S-Ag, Pb-Pb,
and inclusive p-A collisions at the SPS. The extrapolations can account for
more than 75% of the measured strange particle yields in all of the studied
systems except for very central Au-Au collisions at the AGS where RQMD
comparisons suggest large re-scattering contributions.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Intestinal blood flow in patients with chronic heart failure: A link with bacterial growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cachexia

Background: Blood flow in the intestinal arteries is reduced in patients with stable heart failure (HF) and relates to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and cardiac cachexia. Objectives: The aims of this study were to measure arterial intestinal blood flow and assess its role in juxtamucosal bacterial growth, GI symptoms, and cachexia in patients with HF. Methods: A total of 65 patients and 25 controls were investigated. Twelve patients were cachectic. Intestinal blood flow and bowel wall thickness were measured using ultrasound. GI symptoms were documented. Bacteria in stool and juxtamucosal bacteria on biopsies taken during sigmoidoscopy were studied in a subgroup by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Serum lipopolysaccharide antibodies were measured. Results: Patients showed 30% to 43% reduced mean systolic blood flow in the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries and celiac trunk (CT) compared with controls (p < 0.007 for all). Cachectic patients had the lowest blood flow (p < 0.002). Lower blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery and CT was correlated with HF severity (p < 0.04 for all). Patients had more feelings of repletion, flatulence, intestinal murmurs, and burping (p < 0.04). Burping and nausea or vomiting were most severe in patients with cachexia (p < 0.05). Patients with lower CT blood flow had more abdominal discomfort and immunoglobulin A–antilipopolysaccharide (r = 0.76, p < 0.02). Antilipopolysaccharide response was correlated with increased growth of juxtamucosal but not stool bacteria. Patients with intestinal murmurs had greater bowel wall thickness of the sigmoid and descending colon, suggestive of edema contributing to GI symptoms (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, lower blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery, CT (p < 0.04), and inferior mesenteric artery (p = 0.056) was correlated with the presence of cardiac cachexia. Conclusions: Intestinal blood flow is reduced in patients with HF. This may contribute to juxtamucosal bacterial growth and GI symptoms in patients with advanced HF complicated by cachexia
A Mixed Action Analysis of $\eta$ and $\eta'$ Mesons

We study $\eta$ and $\eta'$ mesons and their mixing angle in a mixed action
approach with so-called Osterwalder-Seiler valence quarks on a Wilson twisted
mass sea. The gauge configurations have been generated by ETMC for $N_f=2+1+1$
dynamical quark flavours and for three values of the lattice spacing. The main
results are that differences in between the mixed action and the unitary
approach vanish towards the continuum limit with the expected rate of
$\mathcal{O}(a^2)$. The individual size of the lattice artifacts depends,
however, strongly on the observable used to match unitary and valence actions.
Moreover, we show that for the $\eta$ mass valence and valence plus sea quark
mass dependence differ significantly. Hence, in this case a re-tuning of the
simulation parameters in the valence sector only is not sufficient to
compensate for mismatches in the original quark masses.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publicatio
Minimal Lepton Flavor Violation Implications of the $b\to s$ Anomalies

The latest measurements of rare $b\to s$ decays in the LHCb experiment have
led to results in tension with the predictions of the standard model (SM),
including a tentative indication of the violation of lepton flavor
universality. Assuming that this situation will persist because of new physics,
we explore some of the potential consequences in the context of the SM extended
with the seesaw mechanism involving right-handed neutrinos plus effective
dimension-six lepton-quark operators under the framework of minimal flavor
violation. We focus on a couple of such operators which can accommodate the
LHCb anomalies and conform to the minimal flavor violation hypothesis in both
their lepton and quark parts. We examine specifically the
lepton-flavor-violating decays $B\to K^{(*)}\ell\ell'$, $B_s\to\phi\ell\ell'$,
$B\to(\pi,\rho)\ell\ell'$, and $B_{d,s}\to\ell\ell'$, as well as $K_L\to e\mu$
and $K\to\pi e\mu$, induced by such operators. The estimated branching
fractions of some of these decay modes with $\mu\tau$ in the final states are
allowed by the pertinent experimental constraints to reach a few times
$10^{-7}$ if other operators do not yield competitive effects. We also look at
the implications for $B\to K^{(*)}\nu\nu$ and $K\to\pi\nu\nu$, finding that
their rates can be a few times larger than their SM values. These results are
testable in future experiments.Comment: 16 pages, no figures, clarifying comments added, references updated,
  matches journal versio
Associated production of a top-quark pair with vector bosons at NLO in
  QCD: impact on $t \bar{t} H$ searches at the LHC

We study the production of a top-quark pair in association with one and two
vector bosons, $t \bar t V$ and $t \bar t VV$ with $V=\gamma, Z, W^\pm$, at the
LHC. We provide predictions at next-to-leading order in QCD for total cross
sections and top-quark charge asymmetries as well as for differential
distributions. A thorough discussion of the residual theoretical uncertainties
related to missing higher orders and to parton distribution functions is
presented. As an application, we calculate the total cross sections for this
class of processes (together with $t \bar t H$ and $t \bar t t \bar t$
production) at hadron colliders for energies up to 100 TeV. In addition, by
matching the NLO calculation to a parton shower, we determine the contribution
of $t \bar t V$ and $t \bar t VV$ to final state signatures (two-photon and
two-same-sign-, three- and four-lepton) relevant for $t \bar t H$ analyses at
the Run II of the LHC.Comment: 44 pages, 23 figures. Version published on JHEP, typos in Table 5
  have been correcte
Polarized CMB recovery with sparse component separation

The polarization modes of the cosmological microwave background are an
invaluable source of information for cosmology, and a unique window to probe
the energy scale of inflation. Extracting such information from microwave
surveys requires disentangling between foreground emissions and the
cosmological signal, which boils down to solving a component separation
problem. Component separation techniques have been widely studied for the
recovery of CMB temperature anisotropies but quite rarely for the polarization
modes. In this case, most component separation techniques make use of
second-order statistics to discriminate between the various components. More
recent methods, which rather emphasize on the sparsity of the components in the
wavelet domain, have been shown to provide low-foreground, full-sky estimate of
the CMB temperature anisotropies. Building on sparsity, the present paper
introduces a new component separation technique dubbed PolGMCA (Polarized
Generalized Morphological Component Analysis), which refines previous work to
specifically tackle the estimation of the polarized CMB maps: i) it benefits
from a recently introduced sparsity-based mechanism to cope with partially
correlated components, ii) it builds upon estimator aggregation techniques to
further yield a better noise contamination/non-Gaussian foreground residual
trade-off. The PolGMCA algorithm is evaluated on simulations of full-sky
polarized microwave sky simulations using the Planck Sky Model (PSM), which
show that the proposed method achieve a precise recovery of the CMB map in
polarization with low noise/foreground contamination residuals. It provides
improvements with respect to standard methods, especially on the galactic
center where estimating the CMB is challenging.Comment: Accepted to A&A, august 201
D6-Brane Model Building on Z(2)xZ(6): MSSM-like and Left-Right Symmetric
  Models

We perform a systematic search for globally defined MSSM-like and left-right
symmetric models on D6-branes on the T6/Z(2)xZ(6)xOR orientifold with discrete
torsion. Our search is exhaustive for models that are independent of the value
of the one free complex structure modulus. Preliminary investigations suggest
that there exists one prototype of visible sector for MSSM-like and another for
left-right symmetric models with differences arising from various hidden sector
completions to global models. For each prototype, we provide the full matter
spectrum, as well as the Yukawa and other three-point couplings needed to
render vector-like matter states massive. This provides us with tentative
explanations for the mass hierarchies within the quark and lepton sectors. We
also observe that the MSSM-like models correspond to explicit realisations of
the supersymmetric DFSZ axion model, and that the left-right symmetric models
allow for global completions with either completely decoupled hidden sectors or
with some messenger states charged under both visible and hidden gauge groups.Comment: 1+95 pages, 5 figures, 40 table
Quantifying spatial-temporal interactions from wildlife tracking data : issues of space, time, and statistical significance

New tracking technologies are allowing researchers to study wildlife movements at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Researchers now routinely deploy tracking sensors on multiple individual animals simultaneously, offering new opportunities to study the spatial-temporal interactions (often termed dynamic interaction) in the movements of these animals. The objective of this paper is to examine the statistical properties of a suite of currently available methods aimed at measuring spatial-temporal interactions and the ability of each method to characterize and capture different patterns of spatial-temporal interaction encountered in practice. Specifically, this paper examines issues relating to the spatial arrangement of interactions across a study area, temporal patterns in interactions over a tracking period, and the effectiveness of different statistical testing procedures used to identify significant spatial-temporal interaction. Simulations using biased correlated random walks are used to emulate different patterns of spatial-temporal interaction encountered in empirical data. The results demonstrate the challenges of statistical testing of interaction patterns with several methods having high rates of type I and/or type II error. More problematic is that, in practice, spatial-temporal interactions exhibit underlying spatial and/or temporal patterns, for example with key watering holes revisited daily, which can cause problems for statistics that use permutation tests from the original data to test for significance. The need to consider statistical significance in the context of biological significance, which relates to quantifying the spatial locations and temporal patterns of interaction events and types of interactions, is emphasized. Methods that can be adapted to facilitate spatial and temporally ‘local’ analysis are advantageous with high resolution tracking data currently being collected. An R package–wildlifeDI–provides the computational tools for performing the analysis described herein and is made openly available to other researchers.PostprintPeer reviewe
Finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, Halichoerus grypus

Grey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. Clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat. However, finer scale topographical variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. We examined topographical influences on the behaviour of breeding female grey seals by quantifying topography at a subseal size resolution. Using submetre resolution digital terrain models of two sites within a rocky breeding colony, we compared site topography in relation to observed differences in female behaviour at these sites. Females at both sites preferred breeding close to water (standing pools or sea) and frequently commuted between their pups and water. Topographical models indicated that one site was more costly for seals in terms of their locations and movements within the site. This was due to a lack of low-elevation land adjacent to the main access points from the sea and the reduced availability of pools. Females at this site showed reduced pup attendance and an increase in energetically costly behaviours, whilst females at the lower-cost site spent mere time interacting with their pups and resting. These topographically induced behavioural differences are likely to affect the quantity and quality of pup provisioning by mothers and influence individual pupping site selection. Less costly sites are likely to be colonized preferentially and by larger, older and more dominant females, potentially generating finescale spatial heterogeneity in female quality within the breeding colony. PostprintPeer reviewe
Place of upbringing in early childhood as related to inflammatory bowel diseases in adulthood: A population-based cohort study in Northern Europe

Background The two inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has increased rapidly during the twentieth century, but the aetiology is still poorly understood. Impaired immunological competence due to decreasing biodiversity and altered microbial stimulation is a suggested explanation. Objective Place of upbringing was used as a proxy for the level and diversity of microbial stimulation to investigate the effects on the prevalence of IBD in adulthood. Methods Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) III is a postal follow-up questionnaire of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) cohorts established in 1989–1992. The study population was 10,864 subjects born 1945–1971 in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Estonia, who responded to questionnaires in 2000–2002 and 2010–2012. Data were analysed in logistic and Cox regression models taking age, sex, smoking and body mass index into consideration. Results Being born and raised on a livestock farm the first 5 years of life was associated with a lower risk of IBD compared to city living in logistic (OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.31; 0.94) and Cox regression models (HR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.31; 0.98). Random-effect meta-analysis did not identify geographical difference in this association. Furthermore, there was a significant trend comparing livestock farm living, village and city living (p < 0.01). Sub-analyses showed that the protective effect was only present among subjects born after 1952 (OR 0.25, 95 % CI 0.11; 0.61). Conclusion This study suggests a protective effect from livestock farm living in early childhood on the occurrence of IBD in adulthood, however only among subjects born after 1952. We speculate that lower microbial diversity is an explanation for the findings
Neutron Stars—Thermal Emitters

Confronting theoretical models with observations of thermal radiation emitted by neutron stars is one of the most important ways to understand the properties of both, superdense matter in the interiors of the neutron stars and dense magnetized plasmas in their outer layers. Here we review the theory of thermal emission from the surface layers of strongly magnetized neutron stars, and the main properties of the observational data. In particular, we focus on the nearby sources for which a clear thermal component has been detected, without being contaminated by other emission processes (magnetosphere, accretion, nebulae). We also discuss the applications of the modern theoretical models of the formation of spectra of strongly magnetized neutron stars to the observed thermally emitting objects.The work of A.P. has been partly supported by the RFBR (grant 14-02-00868) and by the Program “Leading Scientific Schools of RF” (grant NSh 294.2014.2)
Guiding functional connectivity estimation by structural connectivity in MEG: an application to discrimination of mild cognitive impaired conditions

Whole brain resting state connectivity is a promising biomarker that might help to obtain an early diagnosis in many neurological diseases, such as dementia. Inferring resting-state connectivity is often based on correlations, which are sensitive to indirect connections, leading to an inaccurate representation of the real backbone of the network. The precision matrix is a better representation for whole brain connectivity, as it considers only direct connections. The network structure can be estimated using the graphical lasso (GL), which achieves sparsity through l1-regularization on the precision matrix. In this paper, we propose a structural connectivity adaptive version of the GL, where weaker anatomical connections are represented as stronger penalties on the corre- sponding functional connections. We applied beamformer source reconstruction to the resting state MEG record- ings of 81 subjects, where 29 were healthy controls, 22 were single-domain amnestic Mild Cognitive Impaired (MCI), and 30 were multiple-domain amnestic MCI. An atlas-based anatomical parcellation of 66 regions was ob- tained for each subject, and time series were assigned to each of the regions. The fiber densities between the re- gions, obtained with deterministic tractography from diffusion-weighted MRI, were used to define the anatomical connectivity. Precision matrices were obtained with the region specific time series in five different frequency bands. We compared our method with the traditional GL and a functional adaptive version of the GL, in terms of log-likelihood and classification accuracies between the three groups. We conclude that introduc- ing an anatomical prior improves the expressivity of the model and, in most cases, leads to a better classification between groups
Using damage from 2010 Haiti earthquake for vulnerability estimation of typical structures in Port-au-Prince (Haiti).

After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, that hits the city of Port-au-Prince, capital city of Haiti, a multidisciplinary working group of specialists (seismologist, geologists, engineers and architects) from different Spanish Universities and also from Haiti, joined effort under the SISMO-HAITI project (financed by the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid), with an objective: Evaluation of seismic hazard and risk in Haiti and its application to the seismic design, urban planning, emergency and resource management. In this paper, as a first step for a structural damage estimation of future earthquakes in the country, a calibration of damage functions has been carried out by means of a two-stage procedure. After compiling a database with observed damage in the city after the earthquake, the exposure model (building stock) has been classified and through an iteratively two-step calibration process, a specific set of damage functions for the country has been proposed. Additionally, Next Generation Attenuation Models (NGA) and Vs30 models have been analysed to choose the most appropriate for the seismic risk estimation in the city. Finally in a next paper, these functions will be used to estimate a seismic risk scenario for a future earthquake
Measurement of the inclusive differential jet cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV

The ALICE Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider reports the first measurement of the inclusive differential jet cross section at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV, with integrated luminosity of 13.6 nb−1. Jets are measured over the transverse momentum range 20 to 125 GeV/c and are corrected to the particle level. Calculations based on Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD are in good agreement with the measurements. The ratio of inclusive jet cross sections for jet radii R=0.2 and R=0.4 is reported, and is also well reproduced by a Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD calculation when hadronization effects are included