pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectra and hydrogen bonding in polycrystalline l-alanine

The 400–4000 cm−1 FTIR spectra of pure NH and isotopically substituted (10 and 90% doped ND/NH) polycrystalline l-alanine were recorded in the temperature range 10–300 K. The observed temperature dependence and isotopic shifts behavior enabled to identify, in the spectra of the doped crystals, three well-separated bands ascribable to either the NH or ND stretching vibrations associated with the three different types of hydrogen bonds existing in the crystal. The observed red shifts of these bands relative to the frequency of a reference “free” NH (or ND) stretching mode were found to correlate well with the H-bond distances found in the crystal and provide an indirect way of estimating the enthalpies associated with each type of H-bond found in the crystal. In the low-frequency deformation and torsional spectral region (below 2000 cm−1), several bands, which were found to be affected by isotopic substitution, were identified as belonging to the NH3+ group. Several bands show splitting at low temperatures, indicating the occurrence of a significant reorganization in the crystal structure, which with all probability results mainly from changes in the proton positions. Finally, the literature assignments of the IR spectra of both crystalline NH3+ and ND3+l-alanine were revised taking into consideration their temperature dependence and behavior upon deuteration
Electrophoretic deposition onto an insulator for thin film preparation toward electronic device fabrication

An electrostatic film fabrication method utilizing the dielectric layer, entitled dielectric barrier electrophoretic deposition (DBEPD) has been proposed. We demonstrated the fabrication of uniform organic semiconductor thin film onto any kind of substrate by DBEPD. Optical absorption spectra of colloidal poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film prepared by DBEPD exhibited the clear vibrational structure attributed to highly ordered domains. It was in contrast to the relatively disordered structure as shown in the case of P3HT film prepared by conventional electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Organic field effect transistors fabricated by each method showed similar organic field effect transistor characteristics, however, the uniformity of DBEPD film was superior to EPD film
Wearable cameras for real-time activity annotation

Google Glass has potential to be a real-time data capture and annotation tool. With professional sports as a use-case, we present a platform which helps a football coach capture and annotate interesting events using Google Glass. In our implementation, an interesting event is indicated by a predefined hand gesture or motion, and our platform can automatically detect these gestures in a video without training any classifier. Three event detectors are examined and our experiment shows that the detector with combined edgeness and color moment features gives the best detection performance
A systematic investigation into the use of game elements in the context of software business landscapes: a systematic literature review

The software development process is a set of activities to produce software applications that human plays a crucial role. Since it is a people centric activity some obstacles (i.e. user motivation, engagement, communication and collaboration) may occur. Therefore, software business organizations are seeking new productive solutions, try different tools and methods in order to overcome the challenges and improve their software business processes. A lot of researches have been made to increase the quality and enhance the software development process. Along with these innovative research new efficient techniques and concepts offered. As a solution the term gamification or using game elements in non-game contexts have been realized to enhance the software development process and overcome the challenges related to human factors. However, the applicability of the use of game elements in the context of software business landscapes is still controversial issue and not totally proved yet. Many researches and empirical studies have been conducted for the benefits of it and how these game elements affect the quality of software development process. Thus, in this paper a systematic literature review was conducted in order to investigate the application of game elements both in research and industrial levels of software development and as well as in software business landscapes for further research
Temporal variation in atmospheric ammonia concentrations above seabird colonies

Recent studies have shown that seabirds are an important source of ammonia (NH3) emissions in remote coastal ecosystems. Nesting behaviour, which varies between seabird species, is likely to be a major factor in determining the proportion of excreted nitrogen (N) volatilised to the atmosphere as NH3. A long-term NH3 monitoring programme was implemented at a Scottish seabird colony with a range of species and associated nesting behaviours. The average monthly NH3 concentration was measured at 12 locations over a 14-month period, to infer spatial (i.e. species-specific) and temporal (seasonal) changes in NH3 emissions from different seabird species. An emissions model of seabird NH3, based on species-specific bioenergetics and behaviour, was applied to produce spatial estimates for input to a dispersion model. Atmospheric NH3 concentrations demonstrated spatial variability as a result of differing local populations of breeding seabirds, with the highest concentrations measured above cliff nesting species such as Common guillemot Uria aalge, Razorbill Alca torda and Blacklegged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. NH3 concentrations above a colony of burrow nesting Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica were low, considering the high number of birds. Emission of NH3 from excreted N exhibits a time lag of approximately a month. It is likely that all excreted N is lost from the colony by volatilisation as NH3 or surface run-off between breeding seasons. Modelled NH3 emissions and concentrations correlated with measured concentrations, but were much higher, reflecting uncertainties in the local turbulent characteristics. The results allow multi-species seabird population data to be used for the calculation of regional and global NH3 emission inventories, whilst improving understanding of N budgets of remote coastal ecosystems
A method to generate computationally efficient reduced order models

A new method is presented to generate reduced order models (ROMs) in Fluid Dynamics problems. The method is based on the expansion of the flow variables on a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) basis, calculated from a limited number of snapshots, which are obtained via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Then, the POD-mode amplitudes are calculated as minimizers of a properly defined overall residual of the equations and boundary conditions. The residual can be calculated using only a limited number of points in the flow field, which can be scattered either all over the whole computational domain or over a smaller projection window. This means that the process is both computationally efficient (reconstructed flow fields require less than 1% of the time needed to compute a full CFD solution) and flexible (the projection window can avoid regions of large localized CFD errors). Also, various definitions of the residual are briefly discussed, along with the number and distribution of snapshots, the number of retained modes, and the effect of CFD errors, to conclude that the method is numerically robust. This is because the results are largely insensitive to the definition of the residual, to CFD errors, and to the CFD method itself, which may contain artificial stabilizing terms. Thus, the method is amenable for practical engineering applications
Dynamic analysis of runout correction in milling

Tool runout and its effects is an important area of research within modelling, simulation, and control of milling forces. Tool runout causes tool cutting edges to experience uneven forces during milling. This fact also affects tool life and deteriorates workpiece surface quality. In this article a procedure, in order to diminish the effects of tool runout, is presented. The procedure is based on chip thickness modification by means of the fast correction of the tool feed rate. Dynamic feed rate modification is provided by superposing our own design of a fast feed system driven by a piezoelectric actuator to the conventional feed drive of the CNC machine tool. Previously, a model of the dynamic behaviour of the system was developed to analyze the influence of fast feed rate modification on cutting forces. The model incorporates the piezoelectric actuator response as well as the structural dynamics of the tool and the designed Fast Feed Drive System (FFDS). Simulated and experimental results presented in this paper show the effectiveness and benefits of this new tool runout correction procedure
A comparison among different spectrum compatible earthquake simulation methods

The need for the simulation of spectrum compatible earthquake time histories has existed since earthquake engineering for complicated structures began. More than the safety of the main structure, the analysis of the equipment (piping, racks, etc.) can only be assessed on the basis of the time history of the floor in which they are contained. This paper presents several methods for calculating simulated spectrum compatible earthquakes as well as a comparison between them. As a result of this comparison, the use of the phase content in real earthquakes as proposed by Ohsaki appears as an effective alternative to the classical methods. With this method, it is possible to establish an approach without the arbitrary modulation commonly used in other methods. Different procedures are described as is the influence of the different parameters which appear in the analysis. Several numerical examples are also presented, and the effectiveness of Ohsaki's method is confirmed
Transportation infrastructure impacts on firm location: the effect of a new metro line in the suburbs of Madrid

Firm location patterns emerge as a consequence of multiple factors, including firm considerations, labor force availability, market opportunities, and transportation costs. Many of these factors are influenced by changes in accessibility wrought by new transportation infrastructure. In this paper we use spatial statistical techniques and a micro-level data base to evaluate the effects of Madrid?s metro line 12 (known as Metrosur) expansion on business location patterns. The case study is the municipality of Alcorcon, which is served by the new metro line since 2003. Specifically, we explore the location patterns by different industry sectors, to evaluate if the new metro line has encouraged the emergence of a ?Metrosur spatial economy?. Our results indicate that the pattern of economic activity location is related to urban accessibility and that agglomeration, through economies of scale, also plays an important role. The results presented in this paper provide evidence useful to inform efficient transportation, urban, and regional economic planning
Beyond filtered backprojection: a reconstruction software package for ion beam microtomography data

A new version of the TomoRebuild data reduction software package is presented, for the reconstruction of scanning transmission ion microscopy tomography (STIMT) and particle induced X-ray emission tomography (PIXET) images. First, we present a state of the art of the reconstruction codes available for ion beam microtomography. The algorithm proposed here brings several advantages. It is a portable, multi-platform code, designed in C++ with well-separated classes for easier use and evolution. Data reduction is separated in different steps and the intermediate results may be checked if necessary. Although no additional graphic library or numerical tool is required to run the program as a command line, a user friendly interface was designed in Java, as an ImageJ plugin. All experimental and reconstruction parameters may be entered either through this plugin or directly in text format files. A simple standard format is proposed for the input of experimental data. Optional graphic applications using the ROOT interface may be used separately to display and fit energy spectra. Regarding the reconstruction process, the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm, already present in the previous version of the code, was optimized so that it is about 10 times as fast. In addition, Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) and its accelerated version Ordered Subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM) algorithms were implemented. A detailed user guide in English is available. A reconstruction example of experimental data from a biological sample is given. It shows the capability of the code to reduce noise in the sinograms and to deal with incomplete data, which puts a new perspective on tomography using low number of projections or limited angle
Effectiveness for detecting faults within and outside the scope of testing techniques: an independent replication

The verification and validation activity plays a fundamental role in improving software quality. Determining which the most effective techniques for carrying out this activity are has been an aspiration of experimental software engineering researchers for years. This paper reports a controlled experiment evaluating the effectiveness of two unit testing techniques (the functional testing technique known as equivalence partitioning (EP) and the control-flow structural testing technique known as branch testing (BT)). This experiment is a literal replication of Juristo et al. (2013).Both experiments serve the purpose of determining whether the effectiveness of BT and EP varies depending on whether or not the faults are visible for the technique (InScope or OutScope, respectively). We have used the materials, design and procedures of the original experiment, but in order to adapt the experiment to the context we have: (1) reduced the number of studied techniques from 3 to 2; (2) assigned subjects to experimental groups by means of stratified randomization to balance the influence of programming experience; (3) localized the experimental materials and (4) adapted the training duration. We ran the replication at the Escuela Politécnica del Ejército Sede Latacunga (ESPEL) as part of a software verification & validation course. The experimental subjects were 23 master?s degree students.  EP is more effective than BT at detecting InScope faults. The session/program andgroup variables are found to have significant effects. BT is more effective than EP at detecting OutScope faults. The session/program and group  variables have no effect in this case. The results of the replication and the original experiment are similar with respect to testing techniques. There are some inconsistencies with respect to the group factor. They can be explained by small sample effects. The results for the session/program factor are inconsistent for InScope faults.We believe that these differences are due to a combination of the fatigue effect and a technique x program interaction. Although we were able to reproduce the main effects, the changes to the design of the original experiment make it impossible to identify the causes of the discrepancies for sure. We believe that further replications closely resembling the original experiment should be conducted to improve our understanding of the phenomena under study
High temperature micropillar compression of Al/SiC nanolaminates

The effect of the temperature on the compressive stress–strain behavior of Al/SiC nanoscale multilayers was studied by means of micropillar compression tests at 23 °C and 100 °C. The multilayers (composed of alternating layers of 60 nm in thickness of nanocrystalline Al and amorphous SiC) showed a very large hardening rate at 23 °C, which led to a flow stress of 3.1 ± 0.2 GPa at 8% strain. However, the flow stress (and the hardening rate) was reduced by 50% at 100 °C. Plastic deformation of the Al layers was the dominant deformation mechanism at both temperatures, but the Al layers were extruded out of the micropillar at 100 °C, while Al plastic flow was constrained by the SiC elastic layers at 23 °C. Finite element simulations of the micropillar compression test indicated the role played by different factors (flow stress of Al, interface strength and friction coefficient) on the mechanical behavior and were able to rationalize the differences in the stress–strain curves between 23 °C and 100 °C
The ATLAS Metadata Interface

International audienceAMI was chosen as the ATLAS dataset selection interface in July 2006. It is the main interface for searching for ATLAS data using physics metadata criteria. AMI has been implemented as a generic database management framework which allows parallel searching over many catalogues, which may have differing schema. The main features of the web interface will be described; in particular the powerful graphic query builder. The use of XML/XLST technology ensures that all commands can be used either on the web or from a command line interface via a web service. We also describe the overall architecture of ATLAS metadata and the different actors and granularity involved, and the place of AMI within this architecture. We discuss the problems involved in the correlation of metadata of differing granularity, and propose a solution for information mediation
State ownership and corruption

We test two interesting results that can be obtained from a simplified version of\ud
the theoretical model of Shleifer and Vishny (1994) that studies bargaining between\ud
politicians and managers of state-owned firms. The model suggests that firms with\ud
more state ownership tend to pay less in bribes but not have a different experience of\ud
costly obstacles imposed on them by politicians. In our full sample, the results suggest\ud
that a one percent increase in state ownership is associated with a $125 reduction in the\ud
total annual informal payment of the firm and with a 0.5% decrease in the probability\ud
that a firm will consider corruption to be an obstacle to their current operations. We\ud
refine these average relationships by splitting the sample by global region. Only in our\ud
Europe and Central Asia sample do we find strong evidence in support of the first result\ud
and again we find a significant effect of state ownership on obstacles
Characterization of spoilage markers in modified atmosphere packaged iceberg lettuce

Fresh cut iceberg lettuce spoilage was studied considering the microbial and biochemical activity, the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and consumer acceptability. Lettuce was packaged under three different packaging conditions and stored at 4 degrees C for 10 days: anaerobic packaging (ANAER), equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging with 3% O-2 (EMAP) and perforated packages (AIR). Results indicated a clear distinction between packaging conditions. EMAP and AIR resulted in a short shelf life (<= 5.6 days) which was limited due to browning, leading to consumer rejection as assessed via the Weibull hazard analysis method, while no off-odors were detected. Culture-independent 16 s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed Pseudomonas spp. as the dominating species. In contrast, under ANAER conditions, lactic acid bacteria dominated with genera of Leuconostoc spp. and Lactococcus spp. proliferating, while also oligotypes of Pseudomonas spp. were found. Spoilage under ANAER occurred after 6.6 days and it was related to strong fermentative-like off-odors that were present by the end of storage. As revealed by selective ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), these odors were associated with several VOCs such as: ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, hexanal, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulfide. Panelists rejected the iceberg lettuce due to the formation of off-odors while the overall appearance remained good throughout the study. Hence a sensor based technology incorporated in the packaging, detecting VOCs and in particular ethanol as dominant compound, could serve as a spoilage indicator for ANAER packed lettuce, which proved to have the longest shelf life
A new knowledge sourcing framework for knowledge-based engineering: An aerospace industry case study

New trends in Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) highlight the need for decoupling the automation aspect from the knowledge management side of KBE. In this direction, some authors argue that KBE is capable of effectively capturing, retaining and reusing engineering knowledge. However, there are some limitations associated with some aspects of KBE that present a barrier to deliver the knowledge sourcing process requested by industry. To overcome some of these limitations this research proposes a new methodology for efficient knowledge capture and effective management of the complete knowledge life cycle. The methodology proposed in this research is validated through the development and implementation of a case study involving the optimisation of wing design concepts at an Aerospace manufacturer. The results obtained proved the extended KBE capability for fast and effective knowledge sourcing. This evidence was provided by the experts working in the development of the case study through the implementation of structured quantitative and qualitative analyses
Susceptibility of adult cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) to insecticides and status of insecticide resistance mutations at the Rdl and knockdown resistance loci

The susceptibility of 12 field-collected isolates and 4 laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis was determined by topical application of some of the insecticides used as on-animal therapies to control them. In the tested field-collected flea isolates the LD50 values for fipronil and imidacloprid ranged from 0.09 to 0.35 ng/flea and 0.02 to 0.19 ng/flea, respectively, and were consistent with baseline figures published previously. The extent of variation in response to four pyrethroid insecticides differed between compounds with the LD50 values for deltamethrin ranging from 2.3 to 28.2 ng/flea, etofenprox ranging from 26.7 to 86.7 ng/flea, permethrin ranging from 17.5 to 85.6 ng/flea, and d-phenothrin ranging from 14.5 to 130 ng/flea. A comparison with earlier data for permethrin and deltamethrin implied a level of pyrethroid resistance in all isolates and strains. LD50 values for tetrachlorvinphos ranged from 20.0 to 420.0 ng/flea. The rdl mutation (conferring target-site resistance to cyclodiene insecticides) was present in most field-collected and laboratory strains, but had no discernible effect on responses to fipronil, which acts on the same receptor protein as cyclodienes. The kdr and skdr mutations conferring target-site resistance to pyrethroids but segregated in opposition to one another, precluding the formation of genotypes homozygous for both mutations
MRI diffusion-based ﬁltering: a note on performance characterisation

Frequently MRI data is characterised by a relatively low signal to noise ratio (SNR) or contrast to noise ratio (CNR). When developing automated Computer Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) techniques the errors introduced by the image noise are not acceptable. Thus, to limit these errors, a solution is to ﬁlter the data in order to increase the SNR. More importantly, the image ﬁltering technique should be able to reduce the level of noise, but not at the expense of feature preservation. In this paper we detail the implementation of a number of 3D diffusion-based ﬁltering techniques and we analyse their performance when they are applied to a large collection of MR datasets of varying type and quality