pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Homology at infinity; fractal geometry of limiting symbols for modular subgroups

AbstractIn this paper we use fractal geometry to investigate boundary aspects of the first homology group for finite coverings of the modular surface. We obtain a complete description of algebraically invisible parts of this homology group. More precisely, we first show that for any modular subgroup the geodesic forward dynamic on the associated surface admits a canonical symbolic representation by a finitely irreducible shift space. We then use this representation to derive a complete multifractal description of the higher-dimensional level sets arising from the Manin–Marcolli limiting modular symbols
IVF in Sri Lanka: A concise history of regulatory impasse

AbstractThis article outlines the development of IVF in Sri Lanka from the first successful births in the late 1990s and over the subsequent 15years. It is based on anthropological fieldwork carried out at various points during this period. The piece focuses on the challenges entailed in achieving regulation of the new reproductive technologies against a backdrop of: (i) a bitter civil war; (ii) a complex mosaic of different religious traditions (specifically, Buddhism, Catholicism, Hinduism and Islam); and (iii) a shift towards neo-liberal marketization, particularly in relation to specialist and hi-tech medical interventions. The article concludes that ‘soft’ regulation operates both to avoid conflict around highly contentious issues in debates about reproductive rights as well as to enable commercially driven developments in technologically specialised areas of medicine
The muon collider as a H/A factory

AbstractWe show that a muon collider is ideally suited for the study of heavy H/A scalars, cousins of the Higgs boson found in two-Higgs-doublet models and required in supersymmetric models. The key aspects of H/A are: (1) they are narrow, yet have a width-to-mass ratio far larger than the expected muon collider beam-energy resolution, and (2) the larger muon Yukawa allows efficient s-channel production. We study in detail a representative Natural Supersymmetry model which has a 1.5TeV H/A with mH−mA=10GeV. The large event rates at resonant peak allow the determination of the individual H and A resonance parameters (including CP) and the decays into electroweakinos provide a wealth of information unavailable to any other present or planned collider
The problem of completeness for Gromov–Hausdorff metrics on C*-algebras

AbstractIt is proved that the family of equivalence classes of Lip-normed C*-algebras introduced by M. Rieffel, up to complete order isomorphisms preserving the Lip-seminorm, is not complete w.r.t. the matricial quantum Gromov–Hausdorff distance introduced by D. Kerr. This is shown by exhibiting a Cauchy sequence whose limit, which always exists as an operator system, is not completely order isomorphic to any C*-algebra.Conditions ensuring the existence of a C*-structure on the limit are considered, making use of the notion of ultraproduct. More precisely, a necessary and sufficient condition is given for the existence, on the limiting operator system, of a C*-product structure inherited from the approximating C*-algebras. Such condition can be considered as a generalisation of the f-Leibniz conditions introduced by Kerr and Li. Furthermore, it is shown that our condition is not necessary for the existence of a C*-structure tout court, namely there are cases in which the limit is a C*-algebra, but the C*-structure is not inherited
Kerr–Schild structure and harmonic 2-forms on (A)dS–Kerr–NUT metrics

AbstractWe demonstrate that the general (A)dS–Kerr–NUT solutions in D dimensions with ([D/2],[(D+1)/2]) signature admit [D/2] linearly-independent, mutually-orthogonal and affinely-parameterised null geodesic congruences. This enables us to write the metrics in a multi-Kerr–Schild form, where the mass and all of the NUT parameters enter the metrics linearly. In the case of D=2n, we also obtain n harmonic 2-forms, which can be viewed as charged (A)dS–Kerr–NUT solution at the linear level of small-charge expansion, for the higher-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell theories. In the BPS limit, these 2-forms reduce to n−1 linearly-independent ones, whilst the resulting Calabi–Yau metric acquires a Kähler 2-form, leaving the total number the same
Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the tt̄ production cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The inclusive cross section for top-quark pair production measured by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is compared to the QCD prediction at next-to-next-to-leading order with various parton distribution functions to determine the top-quark pole mass, mt pole, or the strong coupling constant, αS. With the parton distribution function set NNPDF2.3, a pole mass of 176. 7+3.8 -3.4GeV is obtained when constraining αSat the scale of the Z boson mass, mZ, to the current world average. Alternatively, by constraining mt poleto the latest average from direct mass measurements, a value of αS(mZ) = 0. 1151+0.0033 -0.0032is extracted. This is the first determination of αSusing events from top-quark production. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Micelle shape transitions in block copolymer/homopolymer blends : Comparison of self-consistent field theory with experiment

Diblock copolymers blended with homopolymer may self-assemble into spherical, cylindrical, or lamellar aggregates. Transitions between these structures may be driven by varying the homopolymer diblock molecular weight or composition. Using self-consistent field theory (SCFT), we reproduce these effects. Our results are compared to x-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements by Kinning and good agreement is found, although the tendency to form cylindrical and lamellar structures is sometimes overestimated due to our neglect of edge effects due to the finite size of these aggregates. Our results demonstrate that SCFT can provide detailed information on the self-assembly of isolated block copolymer aggregates.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Financing Long-Term Care for Elderly People

<p>Last year’s report of the Royal Commission on Long Term Care (1) and the expected Government response have prompted fresh interest in the debate on how to fund long-term care. To inform this debate the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) has conducted a study, funded by the Department of Health, of long-term care demand and finance. This has involved the construction of a computer model to make projections of likely demand and expenditures to 2031.\ud
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<p><p><p>This article describes the model of long-term care demand and expenditure developed by the PSSRU. It then presents some of the results obtained and sensitivity analysis around them
Martingales, the efficient market hypothesis, and spurious stylized facts

The condition for stationary increments, not scaling,
detemines long time pair autocorrelations. An incorrect
assumption of stationary increments generates spurious
stylized facts, fat tails and a Hurst exponent Hs=1/2, when
the increments are nonstationary, as they are in FX markets.
The nonstationarity arises from systematic uneveness in
noise traders’ behavior. Spurious results arise
mathematically from using a log increment with a ‘sliding
window’. We explain why a hard to beat market demands
martingale dynamics , and martingales with nonlinear
variance generate nonstationary increments. The
nonstationarity is exhibited directly for Euro/Dollar FX
data. We observe that the Hurst exponent Hs generated by
the using the sliding window technique on a time series
plays the same role as does Mandelbrot’s Joseph exponent.
Finally, Mandelbrot originally assumed that the ‘badly
behaved second moment of cotton returns is due to fat tails,
but that nonconvergent behavior is instead direct evidence
for nonstationary increments. Summarizing, the evidence for
scaling and fat tails as the basis for econophysics and
financial economics is provided neither by FX markets nor
by cotton price data.
Were British Cotton Entrepreneurs Technologically Backward? Firm-Level Evidence on the Adoption of Ring-Spinning.

I study the slow adoption of ring spinning in Great Britain's cotton industry at the end of the 19th century, which has been used as evidence of British entrepreneurs' declining efficiency and conservatism (Musson, 1959; Aldcroft, 1964; Lazonick, 1981, 1981b). To this purpose I use firm-level data from all of Lancashire's cotton firms over several years. The data are from Worrall's The Cotton Spinners and Manufacturers' Directory for the years 1885, 1886–1887, 1890, 1894, 1902, and 1910.
First, I show that the vertical organization of the industry, with its firms specializing in spinning
or weaving, did not act as an impediment to the adoption of the ring spinning technology, as was argued by Lazonick. In particular, I show the following: i) non-integrated firms were the first to adopt rings in Great Britain; ii) the large majority of firms that adopted rings were incumbents; iii) vertically integrated firms that were spinning only either twist or weft yarn were still in existence in 1910; and iv) only a negligible number of firms changed their
organizational structure upon adopting ring spinning. I also show that a large fraction of firms installed very small numbers of ring spindles upon the adoption of ring spinning, suggesting that firms were slowly adopting ring spindles to replace old mule spindles rather than
transitioning over to ring spinning at a single point in time.
Then, I show that the rate at which vertically integrated firms adopted rings suddenly accelerated after 1902. I interpret this as evidence that British entrepreneurs were fully aware of the technological complementarities between rings and automatic looms. These complementarities could only be fully exploited by vertically integrated firms.
Indirect Taxation and Privatization in a Model of Government's Preference

By introducing the government's preference for tax revenues into unionized mixed duopolies, this paper investigates how the preference can change the government's choice of tax regimes  between ad valorem and specific taxes. Main results are as follows. Given that one of the tax regimes is predetermined, privatization never improves welfare and privatization is preferable for the government when it emphasizes its tax revenue. However, when the tax regime is {\it endogenously} determined by the government, privatization is preferable from the viewpoint of social welfare if the government heavily emphasizes its tax revenue. Thus, there are conflicts of interest between the public firm and the government: If it heavily emphasizes its tax revenue, then the government always has the incentive to levy specific tax, while the public firm has the incentive to be levied by ad valorem. However, there are no conflicts of interest between the public firm and  the government when the government levies the specific tax if the government less emphasizes its tax revenue.   Interestingly, the government never has the incentive for privatization if the government considers either tax as an option.
The Dynamic Link between Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Financial Development and Trade in China: Fresh Evidence from Multivariate Framework Analysis

This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth by incorporating financial development, international trade and capital as important factors of production function in case of China over the period of 1971-2011. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration was applied to examine long run relationship among the series while stationarity properties of the variables was tested by applying structural break test. 

Our empirical evidence confirmed long run relationship among the variables. The results showed that energy consumption, financial development, capital, exports, imports and international trade have positive impact on economic growth. The Granger causality analysis revealed that unidirectional causal relationship running from energy consumption to economic growth. Financial development and energy consumption Granger cause each other. There is bidirectional causality between trade and energy consumption. The feedback relation exists between financial development and international trade. There is also bidirectional causality exists between capital and energy consumption, financial development and economic growth and, international trade and economic growth. This paper makes significant contribution in energy literature and opens up new direction for policy makers to explore new and alternative sources of energy to meet the rising demand of energy due to sustained rate of economic growth.
On the Local Power of Fixed T Panel Unit Root Tests with Serially Correlated Errors

Analytical asymptotic local power functions are employed to study the effects of general form short term serial correlation on �fixed-T panel data unit root tests. Two
models are considered, one that has only individual intercepts and one that has both individual intercepts and individual trends. It is shown that tests based on IV estimators are more powerful in all cases examined. Even more, for the model with individual trends an IV based test is shown to have non-trivial local power at the natural root-N rate.
Structure and expression of murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 2

The immediate-early gene ie2 of murine cytomegalovirus was characterized. The 1.75-kb ie2 transcript is spliced from three exons, of 78, 124, and 1,283 nucleotides, which are separated by introns of 1,245 and 364 nucleotides. An ATG codon located in the third exon leads into an open reading frame of 391 codons. Immediate-early expression of the predicted polypeptide was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of a 43-kDa protein by using an antiserum raised against a bacterial fusion protein. The predicted IE2 amino acid sequence has regions with similarity to amino acid sequences of members of the human cytomegalovirus US22 family.
Participatory analysis for adaptation to climate change in Mediterranean agricultural systems: possible choices in process design (versão Pre Print)

There is an increasing call for local measures to adapt to climate change, based on foresight analyses in collaboration with actors. However, such analyses involve many challenges, particularly because the actors concerned may not consider climate change to be an urgent concern. This paper examines the methodological choices made by three research teams in the design and implementation of participatory foresight analyses to explore agricultural and water management options for adaptation to climate change. Case studies were conducted in coastal areas of France, Morocco, and Portugal where the groundwater is intensively used for irrigation, the aquifers are at risk or are currently overexploited, and a serious agricultural crisis is underway. When designing the participatory processes, the researchers had to address four main issues: whether to avoid or prepare dialogue between actors whose relations may be limited or tense; how to select participants and get them involved; how to facilitate discussion of issues that the actors may not initially consider to be of great concern; and finally, how to design and use scenarios. In each case, most of the invited actors responded and met to discuss and evaluate a series of scenarios. Strategies were discussed at different levels, from farming practices to aquifer management. It was shown that such participatory analyses can be implemented in situations which may initially appear to be unfavourable. This was made possible by the flexibility in the methodological choices, in particular the possibility of framing the climate change issue in a broader agenda for discussion with the actors
Impacts of High-Protein Oral Nutritional Supplements Among Malnourished Men and Women with Sarcopenia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that nutritional interventions may improve muscle outcomes in malnutrition and sarcopenia. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effects of 2 high-quality oral nutritional supplements (ONS) differing in amount and type of key nutrients in older adult men and women. DESIGN: A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Malnourished and sarcopenic men and women, 65 years and older (n = 330). INTERVENTION: A 24-week intervention period with 2 energy-rich (330 kcal) ONS treatment groups: Control ONS (CONS, 14 g protein; 147 IU vitamin D3) versus Experimental ONS (EONS, 20 g protein; 499 IU vitamin D3; 1.5 g CaHMB) taken twice daily. Both ONS also contained other vitamins, minerals, and nutrients in varying amounts. MEASUREMENTS: Isokinetic peak torque (PT, Nm) leg strength, grip strength (kg), and gait speed (m·s-1) were assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks. Left and right leg muscle mass (LMM, kg) were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle quality (MQ) was leg strength expressed relative to the tested LMM (Nm·kg-1). Subgroup analyses were performed: severe sarcopenia (low skeletal mass index, low grip strength [<30 kg men; <20 kg women], low gait speed [<0.8 m·s-1]) and mild-moderate sarcopenia (low skeletal mass index, normal gait speed, or normal grip strength). RESULTS: Both ONS groups (EONS and CONS) improved PT, MQ, grip strength, and gait speed from baseline with no treatment differences. Those with severe sarcopenia (44%) exhibited lower baseline PT and MQ, with no differences in strength improvements between treatments. However, participants with mild-moderate sarcopenia exhibited higher baseline PT and MQ, with differences in strength improvements at 12 weeks (EONS > CONS, P = .032) in those with normal grip strength. There were no treatment differences based on sarcopenic severity for either grip strength or gait speed. CONCLUSION: ONS improved strength outcomes in malnourished older adults with sarcopenia. In those with mild-moderate sarcopenia, but not severe sarcopenia, consumption of the EONS improved leg muscle strength and quality compared with the standard CONS
A replacement policy for a repairable system with its repairman having multiple
vacations.

This paper considers a replacement policy for a repairable system with a
repairman, who can have multiple vacations. If the system fails and the
repairman is on vacation, it will wait for repair until the repairman is
available. Assuming that the system can not be repaired “as good as new” and a
repair upon failure can be performed immediately with a probability of p, we
optimise replacement policy using geometric processes. The explicit expression
of the expected cost rate is derived, and the corresponding optimal policy can
be determined analytically or numerically. Finally, a numerical example is given
to illustrate the theoretical results of the m
Deep-seated xenoliths and xenocrysts from Sytykanskaya pipe: evidence for the evolution of the mantle beneath Alakit, Yakutia, Russia

Heavy mineral concentrate and xenoliths from late autolithic breccia and porphyritic kimberlite of the Sytykanskaya pipe (Alakit field, Yakutia, Russia) were studied by EPMA and LA-ICPMS methods to obtain PTXfO2 diagrams. Trends in P- Fe# - CaO - fO2 for minerals from the porphyritic kimberlite show greater discontinuities than xenocrysts from the breccia. Xenoliths show the widest variation at all pressures. Protokimberlite systems are marked by ilmenite PT points that range from the lithosphere base (7.5 GPa) to a pyroxenite lens situated at intermediate depths (5 - 3.5 GPa) with increasing Cr because of AFC that formed two metasomatic groups with differing Fe#Ol (∼ 10-12 and 13-15).\ud
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The first Opx-Gar-based mantle geotherm for the Alakit field based on 10 mineral associations is close to the 35 mW/m2 geotherm at 6.5 GPa and 600°C, i.e. near to the Moho. The oxidation state for the megacrystalline ilmenites in the lithosphere base is higher than for other kimberlites in Yakutia.\ud
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Calculated parental melts for clinopyroxene and garnet by xenocrysts from the breccia show highly inclined linear REE patterns with deep HFSE troughs similar to differentiated protokimberlite magmas. Melts calculated for metasomatic xenoliths have less inclined slopes without troughs in spider diagrams. Garnets reveal S-shaped REE patterns. Calculated melts for garnets from graphite-bearing Cr-websterites located mainly in middle part of the mantle column show slightly inclined convex REE patterns and Ba-Sr troughs with variable enrichment in Nb-Ta-U. The calculated parental melts for clinopyroxenes have inclined REE spectra with a depression in HFSE. Metasomatic clinopyroxenes have enriched patterns with Ba, Zr peaks.\ud
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40Ar-39Ar analyses of dispersed phlogopites from the Alakit mantle xenoliths yield a Proterozoic (1154 Ma) age, corresponding to continental arc metasomatism. Alkaline and Ti-rich veins with alkali amphiboles close to richterite formed at ∼1015 Ma and mark a plume event in Rodinia mantle. The∼600-550 Ma stage relates to Rodinia break-up. The last metasomatic event near 385 Ma is related to the protokimberlite
Direct screening of a dynamic combinatorial library using mass spectrometry.

A dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) screening approach is described that permits direct identification of the effective (from ineffective) combination of building blocks in the equilibrating DCL. The approach uses Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) together with sustained off-resonance irradiation collision activated dissociation (SORI-CAD) to detect noncovalent protein-DCL ligand complexes under native conditions. It was shown that in a single, rapid experiment one could concurrently identify all the ligands of interest from the DCL against a background of inactive DCL ligands while still in the presence of the target protein. This result has demonstrated that mass spectrometry may provide a fast preliminary screening approach to identify DCL candidates for later verification with more traditional but time-consuming analysis. The MS/MS enables DCL mixtures to be effectively deconvoluted without the need for either chromatography, synthesis of DCL sub-libraries, conversion of the DCL to a static library, or disruption of the protein-ligand complexes before analysis-all typically necessary for the current screening method for DCLs.Full Tex