pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The three-dimensional prey field of the northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, and the escape responses of their copepod prey

In the north Atlantic, Meganyctiphanes norvegica feeds predominantly on copepods, including Calanus spp. To quantify its perceptual field for prey, and the sensory systems underlying prey detection, the responses of tethered krill to free-swimming Calanus spp. were observed in 3D using silhouette video imaging. An attack–which occurred despite the krill’s being tethered—was characterized by a pronounced movement of the krill’s antennae towards the target, followed by a propulsion and opening of the feeding basket. Frequency distributions of prey detection distances were significantly different in the light vs. the dark, with median values of 26.5 mm and 19.5 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in the angles at which prey were detected by krill (relative to the predator’s longitudinal body axis) in the light vs. the dark. Prey detections were symmetrically distributed on either side of the predator, in both light and dark. However, significant asymmetry was found in the dorsal–ventral direction with 80% of the prey detections located below the midline of the krill’s body axis and, given the placement and orientation of the compound eyes, presumably outside its visual field of view. This indicates that, at least under these conditions, vision was not the main sensory modality involved in the detection of active prey by M. norvegica. However, under some circumstances, vision may provide supplemental information. Avoidance responses of copepod prey were nearly twice the velocity of their nominal background swimming speed (153 ± 48 and 85 ± 75 mm s−1, respectively), on average taking them 43 ± 16 mm away from the predator. This is far beyond the krill’s perceptual range, suggesting that the escape reaction provides an effective deterrent to predation (although perhaps less so for free-swimming krill). This information can be used to parameterize models that assess the role of krill as predators in marine ecosystems
Miniature curved artificial compound eyes.

International audienceIn most animal species, vision is mediated by compound eyes, which offer lower resolution than vertebrate single-lens eyes, but significantly larger fields of view with negligible distortion and spherical aberration, as well as high temporal resolution in a tiny package. Compound eyes are ideally suited for fast panoramic motion perception. Engineering a miniature artificial compound eye is challenging because it requires accurate alignment of photoreceptive and optical components on a curved surface. Here, we describe a unique design method for biomimetic compound eyes featuring a panoramic, undistorted field of view in a very thin package. The design consists of three planar layers of separately produced arrays, namely, a microlens array, a neuromorphic photodetector array, and a flexible printed circuit board that are stacked, cut, and curved to produce a mechanically flexible imager. Following this method, we have prototyped and characterized an artificial compound eye bearing a hemispherical field of view with embedded and programmable low-power signal processing, high temporal resolution, and local adaptation to illumination. The prototyped artificial compound eye possesses several characteristics similar to the eye of the fruit fly Drosophila and other arthropod species. This design method opens up additional vistas for a broad range of applications in which wide field motion detection is at a premium, such as collision-free navigation of terrestrial and aerospace vehicles, and for the experimental testing of insect vision theories
Damage Assessment from Storm Surge to Coastal Cities: Lessons from the Miami Area

Coastal cities are growing at a very rapid pace, both in population and in terms of assets ; therefore, flood risk is likely to increase substantially in these areas in the absence of specific protections. In addition, great uncertainty surrounds the future evolution of hurricane intensity and sea level rise. The area of Miami represents a clear hotspot of human and economic coastal flood exposure : there are more than 5 million inhabitants in the Miami metropolitan area and the population is growing. It is also a low-lying city with most of the population living below an elevation of 10m and is located in a region where tropical cyclones hit frequently. The present study is focused on the two contiguous counties of Miami, Dade and Broward. In this analysis, we consider the impact of different storm surges predicted by the computerized model SLOSH and investigate flood risks with current sea level, considering different hurricane parameters (storm category and direction, wind speed, and tide level). For each impact, we apply a damage function and determine if the considered storm surges potentially lead to asset loss, considering both properties and their contents. The results show that, in absence of protections, losses will be very high for large storm surges reaching up to tens of billions USD. In the second part of the analysis, we demonstrate how the economic impact changes when protections are built up, considering different dams' heights. We conclude that raising flood defences would be beneficial, since the consequences of a storm surge could be enormous
Improving adhesion strength analysis by the combination of ultrasonic and mechanical tests on single lap joints.

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to improve knowledge about adhesion strength in single-lap joints by comparison of data from both Non Destructive Testing (NDT) and standard mechanical tests. study presents a high-frequency ultrasonic imaging of aluminum-epoxy-aluminum joints that carefully chemically prepared using two different surface treatments of the aluminum substrate: silanization and chromic-sulfuric etching. The surface energy of the treated substrate is complete set of ultrasonic data are obtained using high-frequency focused transducers. After inspection, single-lap shear tests were performed, and the mechanical strength of each joint is determined. The good cor relations among the surface measurements, the mechanical tests and ultrasonic results are presented and discussed. The demonstration of a close correlation between ultrasonic images obtained at high frequency and the fracture surface is promising
Flexible Photodiodes Based on Nitride Core/Shell p-n Junction Nanowires

International audienceA flexible nitride p-n photodiode is demonstrated. The device consists of a composite nanowire/polymer membrane trans- ferred onto a flexible substrate. The active element for light sensing is a vertical array of core/shell p−n junction nanowires containing InGaN/ GaN quantum wells grown by MOVPE. Electron/hole generation and transport in core/shell nanowires are modeled within nonequilibrium Green function formalism showing a good agreement with experimental results. Fully flexible transparent contacts based on a silver nanowire network are used for device fabrication, which allows bending the detector to a few millimeter curvature radius without damage. The detector shows a photoresponse at wavelengths shorter than 430 nm with a peak responsivity of 0.096 A/W at 370 nm under zero bias. The operation speed for a 0.3 × 0.3 cm2 detector patch was tested between 4 Hz and 2 kHz. The −3 dB cutoff was found to be ∼35 Hz, which is faster than the operation speed for typical photoconductive detectors and which is compatible with UV monitoring applications
Water vapor measurements by mobile Raman lidar over the Mediterranean Sea in the framework of HyMeX: application to multi-platform validation of moisture profiles

International audienceThe Water Aerosol Lidar (WALI) system, deployed for 14 weeks during 2012 & 2013 on the island of Menorca, provided the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean eXperiment (HyMeX) with an opportunity to perform a multi-platform comparison on moisture retrievals at the timescales relevant for extreme precipitation events in the West Mediterranean basin. After calibration, the WALI lidar yields nighttime profiles of water vapor with ~7% accuracy from the ground up to 7 km, and daytime coverage of the lower layers, alongside common aerosol retrievals. It is used to characterize the water vapor profile product given by the IASI instrument on-board MetOp-B, and the fields simulated by the Météo-France AROME-WMED model and the open-source WRF model. IASI is found to be reliable above 1 km altitude, and the two models obtain similar high scores in the middle troposphere; WRF beneficiates from a more accurate modelling of the planetary boundary layer
Geochemical evidence for mixing between fluids exsolved at different depths in the magmatic system of Mt Etna (Italy)

International audienceA 4-year geochemical survey of some fumaroles at the Voragine summit crater of Mt Etna was performed in combination with synchronous monitoring of peripheral gas emissions at the base of the volcano. This was the first geochemical study at Mt Etna to have included the abundances of Ar, He, and C isotopes. Once the effects of postmagmatic shallow processes were identified and quantitatively removed, the He-Ar-CO2 systematics of the Voragine crater fumaroles and peripheral gas emissions described the same degassing path. Combining the carbon-isotope composition with information about noble gases provided evidence that the crater fumaroles are fed from a two-endmember mixture composed of a deep member coming from pressures between 200 and 400 MPa (depending on time), and a shallower one exsolved at ~130 MPa. Similar mixing processes probably also occur in gases from peripheral vents. The simultaneous assessment of 13CCO2 and He/Ar values of crater fumaroles over time has identified simple changes in the mixing proportion between the two endmembers and, moreover, periods during which the exsolution pressure of the deep fluid increased. These periods seem to be linked to pre-eruptive phases of the volcano. The identified open-system degassing processes are indicative of efficient bubble-melt decoupling at depth, whereas the mixing process requires a convective transfer of the deeply exsolved fluids toward shallower levels of magma where further vapor is exsolved. In agreement with the most recent geophysical and petrological data from Mt Etna, these observations allow inferences about a deep portion of the plumbing system (5 to 12 km b.s.l.), comprising sill-like reservoirs connected by small vertical structures, and a main reservoir at 2-3 km b.s.l. that is probably fluxed by magmatic volatiles
Regularity and identification of Generalized Multifractional Gaussian Processes

International audienceIn this article a class of multifractal processes is introduced, called Generalized Multifractional Gaussian Process (GMGP). For such multifractional models, the Hurst exponent on the celebrated Fractional Brownian Motion is replaced by a function, called the multifractional function, which may be irregular. The main aim of thi paper is to show how to identify irregular multifractional functions in the setting of GMGP. Examples of discontinuous multiractional functions are also given
Evidence for a low-compressibility carbon nitride polymorph elaborated at ambient pressure and mild temperature

International audienceSuperhard materials like diamond are essential for abrasive or cutting tool applications. In this way, carbon nitrides are of relevant interest because they are expected to exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, high values of bulk modulus being predicted. A smart and simple method was used to synthesize carbon nitrides and allowed elaborating a low-compressibility polymorph. The processing consists in the decomposition of commercial thiosemicarbazide (H<sub>2</sub>NC(S)N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>) powder at ambient pressure and 600 °C under nitrogen flow. Besides the presence of a graphitic C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> phase, a nanocrystalline material is obtained and is identified as a cubic carbon nitride with a cell parameter of 3.163 Å. Its impressive bulk modulus of 355 GPa propels it as a challenger for cubic boron nitride among low-compressibility materials. Thus, we prove that, in accordance with previous numerous theoretical predictions, crystalline carbon nitrides exhibit exceptional compressibility behaviour. Moreover, our synthesis strategy evidences that, despite usual admitted considerations, severe and expensive pressure and temperature conditions are not mandatory to elaborate low-compressibility covalent materials, which could give new insights for their development
Physicians' Multitasking and Incentives: Empirical Evidence from a Natural Experiment

International audienceWe analyse how physicians respond to contractual changes and incentives within a multitasking environment. In 1999 the Quebec government (Canada) introduced an optional mixed compensation system, combining a xed per diem with a partial (relative to the traditional fee-for-service system) fee for services provided. We combine panel survey and administrative data on Quebec physicians to evaluate the impact of this change in incentives on their practice choices. We highlight the dierentiated impact of incentives on various dimensions of physician behaviour by considering a wide range of labour supply variables: time spent on seeing patients, time devoted to teaching, administrative tasks or research, as well as the volume of clinical services and average time per clinical service. Our results show that, on average, the reform induced physicians who changed from FFS to MC to reduce their volume of (billable) services by 6.15% and to reduce their hours of work spent on seeing patients by 2.57%. Their average time spent per service increased by 3.58%, suggesting a potential quality-quantity substitution. Also the reform induced these physicians to increase their time spent on teaching and administrative duties (tasks not remunerated under the fee-for-service system) by 7.9%
Continuation-passing Style Models Complete for Intuitionistic Logic

International audienceA class of models is presented, in the form of continuation monads polymorphic for first-order individuals, that is sound and complete for minimal intuitionistic predicate logic. The proofs of soundness and completeness are constructive and the computational content of their composition is, in particular, a $\beta$-normalisation-by-evaluation program for simply typed lambda calculus with sum types. Although the inspiration comes from Danvy's type-directed partial evaluator for the same lambda calculus, the there essential use of delimited control operators (i.e. computational effects) is avoided. The role of polymorphism is crucial -- dropping it allows one to obtain a notion of model complete for classical predicate logic. The connection between ours and Kripke models is made through a strengthening of the Double-negation Shift schema
Approximate transmission conditions through a weakly oscillating thin layer

International audienceWe study the behavior of the electro-quasistatic voltage potentials in a material composed by a bidimensional medium surrounded by a weakly oscillating thin layer and embedded in an ambient medium. We build approximate transmission conditions in order to replace the layer by these conditions on the boundary of the interior material. We deal with a weakly oscillating thin layer: the period of the oscillations is greater than the square root of the thinness. Our approach is essentially geometric and based on a suitable change of variable in the layer. This paper extends previous works of the former author, in which the layer had constant thickness
Bacterial Communities Involved in Soil Formation and PlantEstablishment Triggered by Pyrite Bioweathering on ArcticMoraines

Abstract In arctic glacier moraines, bioweathering primed\ud
by microbial iron oxidizers creates fertility gradients that\ud
accelerate soil development and plant establishment. With\ud
the aim of investigating the change of bacterial diversity in\ud
a pyrite-weathered gradient, we analyzed the composition\ud
of the bacterial communities involved in the process by\ud
sequencing 16S rRNA gene libraries from different biological\ud
soil crusts (BSC). Bacterial communities in three BSC\ud
of different morphology, located within 1 m distance\ud
downstream a pyritic conglomerate rock, were significantly\ud
diverse. The glacier moraine surrounding the weathered site\ud
showed wide phylogenetic diversity and high evenness with\ud
15 represented bacterial classes, dominated by Alphaproteobacteria\ud
and pioneer Cyanobacteria colonizers. The bioweathered\ud
area showed the lowest diversity indexes and only nine\ud
bacterial families, largely dominated by Acidobacteriaceae\ud
and Acetobacteraceae typical of acidic environments, in\ud
accordance with the low pH of the BSC. In the weathered\ud
BSC, iron-oxidizing bacteria were cultivated, with counts\ud
decreasing along with the increase of distance from the rock,\ud
and nutrient release from the rock was revealed by\ud
environmental scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive\ud
X-ray analyses. The vegetated area showed the presence\ud
of Actinomycetales, Verrucomicrobiales, Gemmatimonadales,\ud
Burkholderiales, and Rhizobiales, denoting a bacterial\ud
community typical of developed soils and indicating that the\ud
lithoid substrate of the bare moraine was here subjected to an\ud
accelerated colonization, driven by iron-oxidizing activity
Unfolding Kernel Embeddings of Graphs: Enhancing Class Separation through Manifold Learning

In this paper, we investigate the use of manifold learning techniques to enhance the separation properties of standard graph kernels. The idea stems from the observation that when we perform multidimensional scaling on the distance matrices extracted from the kernels, the resulting data tends to be clustered along a curve that wraps around the embedding space, a behavior that suggests that long range distances are not estimated accurately, resulting in an increased curvature of the embedding space. Hence, we propose to use a number of manifold learning techniques to compute a low-dimensional embedding of the graphs in an attempt to unfold the embedding manifold, and increase the class separation. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation on a number of standard graph datasets using the shortest-path (Borgwardt and Kriegel, 2005), graphlet (Shervashidze et al., 2009), random walk (Kashima et al., 2003) and Weisfeiler-Lehman (Shervashidze et al., 2011) kernels. We observe the most significant improvement in the case of the graphlet kernel, which fits with the observation that neglecting the locational information of the substructures leads to a stronger curvature of the embedding manifold. On the other hand, the Weisfeiler-Lehman kernel partially mitigates the locality problem by using the node labels information, and thus does not clearly benefit from the manifold learning. Interestingly, our experiments also show that the unfolding of the space seems to reduce the performance gap between the examined kernels
Influence of classical resonances on chaotic tunnelling

Dynamical tunnelling between symmetry-related stable modes is studied in the periodically driven pendulum. We present strong evidence that the tunnelling process is governed by nonlinear resonances that manifest within the regular phase-space islands on which the stable modes are localized. By means of a quantitative numerical study of the corresponding Floquet problem, we identify the trace of such resonances not only in the level splittings between near-degenerate quantum states, where they lead to prominent plateau structures, but also in overlap matrix elements of the Floquet eigenstates, which reveal characteristic sequences of avoided crossings in the Floquet spectrum. The semiclassical theory of resonance-assisted tunnelling yields good overall agreement with the quantum-tunnelling rates, and indicates that partial barriers within the chaos might play a prominent role
The positron emission tomography with F18 17β-estradiol has the potential to benefit diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer

Background. The positron emission tomography (PET) with F18 17β-estradiol (FES) has good imaging for assessment of estrogen receptor in
	breast cancer.
	Case. We report on a 30-year-old woman who desired to preserve her fertility with well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Before
	hormone treatment was started, FES-PET showed increased uptake of endometrium, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thickness and F-
	18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET showed increased uptake. FES-PET after 3 months showed remaining FES uptake, but there were no abnormal
	findings on MRI and FDG-PET. Hysteroscopy showed remaining adenocarcinoma. After additional treatment, FES-PET showed a therapeutic
	response, and hysteroscopy showed no abnormal finding.
	Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that FES-PET has the potential to provide more useful information than did FDG-PET
	about the hormone therapy
The Kernel Matrix Diffie-Hellman Assumption

The final publication is available at link.springer.comWe put forward a new family of computational assumptions, the Kernel Matrix Diffie-Hellman Assumption. Given some matrix A sampled from some distribution D, the kernel assumption says that it is hard to find “in the exponent” a nonzero vector in the kernel of A>. This family is a natural computational analogue of the Matrix Decisional Diffie-Hellman Assumption (MDDH), proposed by Escala et al. As such it allows to extend the advantages of their algebraic framework to computational assumptions. The k-Decisional Linear Assumption is an example of a family of decisional assumptions of strictly increasing hardness when k grows. We show that for any such family of MDDH assumptions, the corresponding Kernel assumptions are also strictly increasingly weaker. This requires ruling out the existence of some black-box reductions between flexible problems (i.e., computational problems with a non unique solution).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Currents recorded through small areas of squid axon membrane with an internal virtual ground voltage clamp

A new voltage-clamp apparatus for the squid axon has been implemented to enable recording of currents through small areas of axon membrane. The performance of this clamp was tested by recording total sodium currents from perfused axons (I total) and sodium currents from small membrane patches (I patch), which were recorded from inside the axon with an L-shaped pipette. The I patch records, although four orders of magnitude smaller than I total, were stable and showed normal kinetics and voltage dependence, and appeared to reflect the activation of a small population of normal sodium channels. The size of the current recorded from the patch was mainly a function of the tip diameter of the L-shaped pipette and of the shunt resistance between inside the pipette and the axoplasm