pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) cross sections in pp collisions at at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(2S), and Upsilon(3S) production cross sections are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8 +/-1.4 inverse picobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The Upsilon resonances are identified through their decays to dimuons. Integrated over the Upsilon transverse momentum range pt[Upsilon] &lt; 50 GeV and rapidity range abs(y[Upsilon]) &lt; 2.4, and assuming unpolarized Upsilon production, the products of the Upsilon production cross sections and dimuon branching fractions are sigma(pp to Upsilon(1S) X) B(Upsilon(1S) to mu+ mu-) = (8.55 +/- 0.05 +0.56/-0.50 +/- 0.34) nb, sigma(pp to Upsilon(2S) X) B(Upsilon(2S) to mu+ mu-) = (2.21 +/- 0.03 +0.16/-0.14 +/- 0.09) nb, sigma(pp to Upsilon(3S) X) B(Upsilon(3S) to mu+ mu-) = (1.11 +/- 0.02 +0.10/-0.08 +/- 0.04) nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is from the uncertainty in the integrated luminosity. The differential cross sections in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity, and the cross section ratios are presented. Cross section measurements performed within a restricted muon kinematic range and not corrected for acceptance are also provided. These latter measurements are independent of Upsilon polarization assumptions. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and previous measurements
The B→K⁎ form factors on the lattice

The extraction of the B→K⁎B→K⁎ transition form factors from lattice data is studied, applying non-relativistic effective field theory in a finite volume. The possible mixing of πK and ηK   states is taken into account. The two-channel analogue of the Lellouch–Lüscher formula is reproduced. Due to the resonance nature of the K⁎K⁎, an equation is derived, which allows to determine the form factors at the pole position in a process-independent manner. The infinitely-narrow width approximation of the results is discussed
Measurement of the top quark mass in the t¯t→dilepton channel from √s=8 TeV ATLAS data

The top quark mass is measured in the View the MathML sourcett¯→dilepton channel (lepton=e,μlepton=e,μ) using ATLAS data recorded in the year 2012 at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sources=8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 20.2 fb−120.2 fb−1. Exploiting the template method, and using the distribution of invariant masses of lepton–b-jetb-jet pairs, the top quark mass is measured to be View the MathML sourcemtop=172.99±0.41 (stat)±0.74 (syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.84 GeV0.84 GeV. Finally, a combination with previous ATLAS mtopmtop measurements from View the MathML sources=7 TeV data in the View the MathML sourcett¯→dilepton and View the MathML sourcett¯→lepton+jets channels results in mtop=172.84±0.34 (stat)±0.61 (syst) GeVmtop=172.84±0.34 (stat)±0.61 (syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.70 GeV0.70 GeV
Geology and geochronology of the Tana Basin, Ethiopia : LIP volcanism, super eruptions and Eocene-Oligocene environmental change

This work was supported by NERC Grants NE/D012996/1 and NER/B/S/2002/00540 and NIGFSC IP/1024/0508.New geological and geochronological data define four episodes of volcanism for the Lake Tana region in the northern Ethiopian portion of the Afro–Arabian Large Igneous Province (LIP): pre-31 Ma flood basalt that yielded a single 40Ar/39Ar age of 34.05±0.54/0.56 Ma34.05±0.54/0.56 Ma; thick and extensive felsic ignimbrites and rhyolites (minimum volume of 2–3×103 km32–3×103 km3) erupted between 31.108±0.020/0.041 Ma31.108±0.020/0.041 Ma and 30.844±0.027/0.046 Ma30.844±0.027/0.046 Ma (U–Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon ages); mafic volcanism bracketed by 40Ar/39Ar ages of 28.90±0.12/0.14 Ma28.90±0.12/0.14 Ma and 23.75±0.02/0.04 Ma23.75±0.02/0.04 Ma; and localised scoraceous basalt with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 0.033±0.005/0.005 Ma0.033±0.005/0.005 Ma. The felsic volcanism was the product of super eruptions that created a 60–80 km diameter caldera marked by km-scale caldera-collapse fault blocks and a steep-sided basin filled with a minimum of 180 m of sediment and the present-day Lake Tana. These new data enable mapping, with a finer resolution than previously possible, Afro–Arabian LIP volcanism onto the timeline of the Eocene–Oligocene transition and show that neither the mafic nor silicic volcanism coincides directly with perturbations in the geochemical records that span that transition. Our results reinforce the view that it is not the development of a LIP alone but its rate of effusion that contributes to inducing global-scale environmental change.PostprintPeer reviewe
Droplet assisted laser micromachining of hard ceramics

AbstractHard ceramic materials like tungsten carbide (WC) are extensively used in high value manufacturing, and micromachining of these materials with sufficient quality is essential to exploit its full potential. A new micro-machining technique called droplet assisted laser micromachining (DALM) was proposed and demonstrated as an alternative to the existing nanosecond (ns) dry pulse laser ablation (PLA). DALM involves injecting liquid micro-droplets at specific frequency during the nanosecond laser micromachining to create impulse shock pressure inside the laser irradiation zone. The impulse shock pressure is generated due to the explosive vaporisation of the droplet, during its interaction with high temperature laser irradiation zone. In this paper, the DALM uses a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser to machine tungsten carbide substrate. The results suggest that the impulse shock pressure generated during the DALM process can transform the melt ejection mechanism of the ns laser micromachining process. The change in ejection mechanism results in a 75% increase in material removal rate and 71% reduction in the spatter redeposited compared to conventional dry ns laser micromachining
Supersingular primes for points on X0(p)/wp

AbstractFor small odd primes p, we prove that most of the rational points on the modular curve X0(p)/wp parametrize pairs of elliptic curves having infinitely many supersingular primes. This result extends the class of elliptic curves for which the infinitude of supersingular primes is known. We give concrete examples illustrating how these techniques can be explicitly used to construct supersingular primes for such elliptic curves. Finally, we discuss generalizations to points defined over larger number fields and indicate the types of obstructions that arise for higher level modular curves
Quasi-two-body decays B→Kρ→Kππ in perturbative QCD approach

AbstractWe analyze the quasi-two-body decays B→Kρ→Kππ in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, in which final-state interactions between the pions in the resonant regions associated with the P-wave states ρ(770) and ρ′(1450) are factorized into two-pion distribution amplitudes. Adopting experimental inputs for the time-like pion form factors involved in two-pion distribution amplitudes, we calculate branching ratios and direct CP asymmetries of the B→Kρ(770),Kρ′(1450)→Kππ modes. It is shown that agreement of theoretical results with data can be achieved, through which Gegenbauer moments of the P-wave two-pion distribution amplitudes are determined. The consistency between the three-body and two-body analyses of the B→Kρ(770)→Kππ decays supports the PQCD factorization framework for exclusive hadronic B meson decays
The ecosystem of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the sub-polar front and Charlie–Gibbs Fracture Zone; ECO-MAR project strategy and description of the sampling programme 2007–2010

AbstractThe ECOMAR project investigated photosynthetically-supported life on the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between the Azores and Iceland focussing on the Charlie–Gibbs Fracture Zone area in the vicinity of the sub-polar front where the North Atlantic Current crosses the MAR. Repeat visits were made to four stations at 2500m depth on the flanks of the MAR in the years 2007–2010; a pair of northern stations at 54°N in cold water north of the sub-polar front and southern stations at 49°N in warmer water influenced by eddies from the North Atlantic Current. At each station an instrumented mooring was deployed with current meters and sediment traps (100 and 1000m above the sea floor) to sample downward flux of particulate matter. The patterns of water flow, fronts, primary production and export flux in the region were studied by a combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements. Sonar, tow nets and profilers sampled pelagic fauna over the MAR. Swath bathymetry surveys across the ridge revealed sediment-covered flat terraces parallel to the axis of the MAR with intervening steep rocky slopes. Otter trawls, megacores, baited traps and a suite of tools carried by the R.O.V. Isis including push cores, grabs and a suction device collected benthic fauna. Video and photo surveys were also conducted using the SHRIMP towed vehicle and the R.O.V. Isis. Additional surveying and sampling by landers and R.O.V. focussed on the summit of a seamount (48°44′N, 28°10′W) on the western crest of the MAR between the two southern stations
Adverse events in apheresis: An update of the WAA registry data

AbstractApheresis with different procedures and devices are used for a variety of indications that may have different adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study was to clarify the extent and possible reasons of various side effects based on data from a multinational registry.The WAA-apheresis registry data focus on adverse events in a total of 50846 procedures in 7142 patients (42% women). AEs were graded as mild, moderate (need for medication), severe (interruption due to the AE) or death (due to AE).More AEs occurred during the first procedures versus subsequent (8.4 and 5.5%, respectively). AEs were mild in 2.4% (due to access 54%, device 7%, hypotension 15%, tingling 8%), moderate in 3% (tingling 58%, urticaria 15%, hypotension 10%, nausea 3%), and severe in 0.4% of procedures (syncope/hypotension 32%, urticaria 17%, chills/fever 8%, arrhythmia/asystole 4.5%, nausea/vomiting 4%).Hypotension was most common if albumin was used as the replacement fluid, and urticaria when plasma was used. Arrhythmia occurred to similar extents when using plasma or albumin as replacement. In 64% of procedures with bronchospasm, plasma was part of the replacement fluid used.Severe AEs are rare. Although most reactions are mild and moderate, several side effects may be critical for the patient. We present side effects in relation to the procedures and suggest that safety is increased by regular vital sign measurements, cardiac monitoring and by having emergency equipment nearby
Hypergravity in AdS3

AbstractThirty years ago Aragone and Deser showed that in three dimensions there exists a consistent model describing interaction for massless spin-2 and spin-5/2 fields. It was crucial that these fields lived in a flat Minkowski space and as a result it was not possible to deform such model into anti-de Sitter space. In this short note we show that such deformation becomes possible provided one compliment to the model with massless spin-4 field. Resulting theory can be considered as a Chern–Simons one with a well-known supergroup OSp(1,4). Moreover, there exists a straightforward generalization to the OSp(1,2n) case containing a number of bosonic fields with even spins 2,4,…,2n and one fermionic field with spin n+1/2
Renormalizable model for neutrino mass, dark matter, muon g−2 and 750 GeV diphoton excess

AbstractWe discuss a possibility to explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess observed at the LHC in a three-loop neutrino mass model which has a similar structure to the model by Krauss, Nasri and Trodden. Tiny neutrino masses are naturally generated by the loop effect of new particles with their couplings and masses to be of order 0.1–1 and TeV, respectively. The lightest right-handed neutrino, which runs in the three-loop diagram, can be a dark matter candidate. In addition, the deviation in the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment from its prediction in the standard model can be compensated by one-loop diagrams with exotic multi-charged leptons and scalar bosons. For the diphoton event, an additional isospin singlet real scalar field plays the role to explain the excess by taking its mass of 750 GeV, where it is produced from the gluon fusion production via the mixing with the standard model like Higgs boson. We find that the cross section of the diphoton process can be obtained to be a few fb level by taking the masses of new charged particles to be about 375 GeV and related coupling constants to be order 1
Instability of tachyon supertube in type IIA Gödel spacetime

AbstractWe study the tachyon supertube probes in a type IIA supergravity background which is a stringy-like Gödel spacetime and contains closed timelike curve. In the case of small value of f, which is a parameter of the background, we use the Minahan–Zwiebach tachyon action to obtain a single regular tube solution and argue that the tube is a BPS D2-brane. However, we find that the fluctuation around the tube configuration has a negative-energy mode. This means that the tachyon supertube, despite being a BPS configuration, develops an instability in the pathological spacetime with closed timelike curve which violates the causality
The proliferating cell hypothesis: a metabolic framework for Plasmodium growth and development

We hypothesise that intraerythrocytic malaria parasite metabolism is not merely fulfilling the need for ATP generation, but is evolved to support rapid proliferation, similar to that seen in other rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells. Deregulated glycolytic activity coupled with impaired mitochondrial metabolism is a metabolic strategy to generate glycolytic intermediates essential for rapid biomass generation for schizogony. Further, we discuss the possibility that Plasmodium metabolism is not only a functional consequence of the ‘hard-wired’ genome and argue that metabolism may also have a causal role in triggering the cascade of events that leads to developmental stage transitions. This hypothesis offers a framework to rationalise the observations of aerobic glycolysis, atypical mitochondrial metabolism, and metabolic switching in nonproliferating stages
Plasma proteins predict conversion to dementia from prodromal disease

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to validate previously discovered plasma biomarkers associated with AD, using a design based on imaging measures as surrogate for disease severity and assess their prognostic value in predicting conversion to dementia.MethodsThree multicenter cohorts of cognitively healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants with standardized clinical assessments and structural neuroimaging measures were used. Twenty-six candidate proteins were quantified in 1148 subjects using multiplex (xMAP) assays.ResultsSixteen proteins correlated with disease severity and cognitive decline. Strongest associations were in the MCI group with a panel of 10 proteins predicting progression to AD (accuracy 87%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 88%).ConclusionsWe have identified 10 plasma proteins strongly associated with disease severity and disease progression. Such markers may be useful for patient selection for clinical trials and assessment of patients with predisease subjective memory complaints
Glomerular hyperfiltration: A new marker of metabolic risk

Chronic kidney disease coexists with metabolic syndrome and this relationship may be apparent before overt manifestations of cardiovascular disease. To investigate early stages of the natural history of associations between renal function and metabolic syndrome, we phenotyped 1572 young (mean age=18.4 years), apparently healthy men for metabolic risk factors and estimated their creatinine clearance based on the Cockcroft–Gault equation. High metabolic risk (clustering of at least three metabolic risk factors) was revealed in 8.7% (137) of the subjects and was associated with a 6.9-fold increase in the odds of glomerular hyperfiltration (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.9–11.5) when compared to reference (from none to two metabolic risk factors). Overweight, elevated blood pressure, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of glomerular hyperfiltration to 6.6 (95% CI: 3.8–11.6), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0–3.0), and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5–4.3), respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures clustered together with leptin in the factor analysis and this blood pressure–adiposity component correlated with estimated creatinine clearance (r=0.329, P<0.0001) and explained on its own 10.2% of the variance in the estimated renal function. Our data reveal the silent epidemics of metabolic risk among young, apparently healthy men. Furthermore, the results indicate that high metabolic risk is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration before overt manifestations of cardiovascular disease
The psychology of health and well-being in mass gatherings: A review and a research agenda

AbstractMass gatherings bring large numbers of people into physical proximity. Typically, this physical proximity has been assumed to contribute to ill health (e.g., through being stressful, facilitating infection transmission, etc.). In this paper, we add a new dimension to the emerging field of mass gatherings medicine. Drawing on psychological research concerning group processes, we consider the psychological transformations that occur when people become part of a crowd. We then consider how these transformations may have various consequences for health and well-being. Some of these consequences may be positive. For example, a sense of shared identity amongst participants may encourage participants to view others as a source of social support which in turn contributes to a sense of health and well-being. However, some consequences may be negative. Thus, this same sense of shared identity may result in a loss of disgust at the prospect of sharing resources (e.g., drinking utensils) which could, in turn, facilitate infection transmission. These, and related issues, are illustrated with research conducted at the Magh Mela (North India). We conclude with an agenda for future research concerning health practices at mass gatherings
Loop suppression of Dirac neutrino mass in the neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model

AbstractWe extend the scalar sector of the neutrinophilic two-Higgs-doublet model, where small masses of Dirac neutrinos are obtained via a small vacuum expectation value vν of the neutrinophilic SU(2)L-doublet scalar field which has a Yukawa interaction with only right-handed neutrinos. A global U(1)X symmetry is used for the neutrinophilic nature of the second SU(2)L-doublet scalar field and also for eliminating Majorana mass terms of neutrinos. By virtue of an appropriate assignment of the U(1)X-charges to new particles, our model has an unbroken Z2 symmetry, under which the lightest Z2-odd scalar boson can be a dark matter candidate. In our model, vν is generated by the one-loop diagram to which Z2-odd particles contribute. We briefly discuss a possible signature of our model at the LHC
Coupling Interval Variability Differentiates Ventricular Ectopic Complexes Arising in the Aortic Sinus of Valsalva and Great Cardiac Vein From Other Sources Mechanistic And Arrhythmic Risk Implications

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine whether premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arising from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva (SOV) and great cardiac vein (GCV) have coupling interval (CI) characteristics that differentiate them from other ectopic foci.BackgroundPVCs occur at relatively fixed CI from the preceding normal QRS complex in most patients. However, we observed patients with PVCs originating in unusual areas (SOV and GCV) in whom the PVC CI was highly variable. We hypothesized that PVCs from these areas occur seemingly randomly because of the lack of electrotonic effects of the surrounding myocardium.MethodsSeventy-three consecutive patients referred for PVC ablation were assessed. Twelve consecutive PVC CIs were recorded. The ΔCI (maximum − minimum CI) was measured.ResultsWe studied 73 patients (age 50 ± 16 years, 47% male). The PVC origin was right ventricular (RV) in 29 (40%), left ventricular (LV) in 17 (23%), SOV in 21 (29%), and GCV in 6 (8%). There was a significant difference between the mean ΔCI of RV/LV PVCs compared with SOV/GCV PVCs (33 ± 15 ms vs. 116 ± 52 ms, p < 0.0001). A ΔCI of >60 ms demonstrated a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 94%. Cardiac events were more common in the SOV/GCV group versus the RV/LV group (7 of 27 [26%] vs. 2 of 46 [4%], p < 0.02).ConclusionsΔCI is more pronounced in PVCs originating from the SOV or GCV. A ΔCI of 60 ms helps discriminate the origin of PVCs before diagnostic electrophysiological study and may be associated with increased frequency of cardiac events
Constraints on the nucleon strange form factors at Q2∼0.1 GeV2

AbstractWe report the most precise measurement to date of a parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron–proton scattering. The measurement was carried out with a beam energy of 3.03 GeV and a scattering angle 〈θlab〉=6.0○, with the result APV=(−1.14±0.24(stat)±0.06(syst))×10−6. From this we extract, at Q2=0.099 GeV2, the strange form factor combination GEs+0.080GMs=0.030±0.025(stat)±0.006(syst)±0.012(FF) where the first two errors are experimental and the last error is due to the uncertainty in the neutron electromagnetic form factor. This result significantly improves current knowledge of GEs and GMs at Q2∼0.1 GeV2. A consistent picture emerges when several measurements at about the same Q2 value are combined: GEs is consistent with zero while positive values are favored for GMs, though GEs=GMs=0 is compatible with the data at 95% C.L
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Decays of CP-even h bosons to ττ or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h→bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for σ(gg→A)×BR(A→Zh)×BR(h→ff¯) are 0.098–0.013 pb for f=τ and 0.57–0.014 pb for f=b in a range of mA=220–1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models