pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Supergravitational Conformal Galileons

The worldvolume actions of 3+1 dimensional bosonic branes embedded in a
five-dimensional bulk space can lead to important effective field theories,
such as the DBI conformal Galileons, and may, when the Null Energy Condition is
violated, play an essential role in cosmological theories of the early
universe. These include Galileon Genesis and "bouncing" cosmology, where a
pre-Big Bang contracting phase bounces smoothly to the presently observed
expanding universe. Perhaps the most natural arena for such branes to arise is
within the context of superstring and $M$-theory vacua. Here, not only are
branes required for the consistency of the theory, but, in many cases, the
exact spectrum of particle physics occurs at low energy. However, such theories
have the additional constraint that they must be $N=1$ supersymmetric. This
motivates us to compute the worldvolume actions of $N=1$ supersymmetric
three-branes, first in flat superspace and then to generalize them to $N=1$
supergravitation. In this paper, for simplicity, we begin the process, not
within the context of a superstring vacuum but, rather, for the conformal
Galileons arising on a co-dimension one brane embedded in a maximally symmetric
$AdS_{5}$ bulk space. We proceed to $N=1$ supersymmetrize the associated
worldvolume theory and then generalize the results to $N=1$ supergravity,
opening the door to possible new cosmological scenarios.Comment: 39 pages, 1 figure. Version 4: Typos corrected, minor points on
  notation clarifie
On non-homogeneous tachyon condensation in closed string theory

Lorentzian continuation of the Sine-Liouville model describes non-homogeneous
rolling closed string tachyon. Via T-duality, this relates to the gauged
$H_+^3$ Wess-Zumino-Witten model at subcritical level. This model is exactly
solvable. We give a closed formula for the 3-point correlation functions for
the model at level k within the range 0<k<2, which relates to the analogous
quantity for k>2 in a similar way as how the Harlow-Maltz-Witten 3-point
function of timelike Liouville field theory relates to the analytic
continuation of the Dorn-Otto-Zamolodchikov-Zamolodchikov structure constants:
We find that the ratio between both 3-point functions can be written in terms
of the Jacobi's $\theta $-function, while their product exhibits remarkable
cancellations and eventually factorizes. Our formula is consistent with
previous proposals made in the literature.Comment: 26 pages. V2 discussion extended. Version to appear in JHE
Testing the low scale seesaw and leptogenesis

Heavy neutrinos with masses below the electroweak scale can simultaneously
generate the light neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism and the baryon
asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. The requirement to explain these
phenomena imposes constraints on the mass spectrum of the heavy neutrinos,
their flavour mixing pattern and their $CP$ properties. We first combine bounds
from different experiments in the past to map the viable parameter regions in
which the minimal low scale seesaw model can explain the observed neutrino
oscillations, while being consistent with the negative results of past searches
for physics beyond the Standard Model. We then study which additional
predictions for the properties of the heavy neutrinos can be made based on the
requirement to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. Finally,
we comment on the perspectives to find traces of heavy neutrinos in future
experimental searches at the LHC, NA62, BELLE II, T2K, SHiP or a future high
energy collider, such as ILC, CEPC or FCC-ee. If any heavy neutral leptons are
discovered in the future, our results can be used to assess whether these
particles are indeed the common origin of the light neutrino masses and the
baryon asymmetry of the universe. If the magnitude of their couplings to all
Standard Model flavours can be measured individually, and if the Dirac phase in
the lepton mixing matrix is determined in neutrino oscillation experiments,
then all model parameters can in principle be determined from this data. This
makes the low scale seesaw a fully testable model of neutrino masses and
baryogenesis.Comment: We corrected errors in the experimental sensitivities and in the
  discussion of the full testability of the model. We also added and updated
  plots and references. 37 pages plus appendix, 12 figure
Flavourful $Z'$ models for $R_{K^{(*)}}$

We show how any flavour conserving $Z'$ model can be made flavour violating
and non-universal by introducing mass mixing of quarks and leptons with a
fourth family of vector-like fermions with non-universal $Z'$ couplings. After
developing a general formalism, we focus on two concrete examples, namely a
fermiophobic model, and an $SO(10)$ GUT model, and show how they can account
for the anomalous $B$ decay ratios $R_K$ and $R_{K^*}$. A similar analysis
could be performed for $B-L$ models, $E_6$ models, composite models, and so on.Comment: 21 pages, references added, typos corrected, to appear in JHE
Two-point functions in AdS/dCFT and the boundary conformal bootstrap
  equations

We calculate the leading contributions to the connected two-point functions
of protected scalar operators in the defect version of N=4 SYM theory which is
dual to the D5-D3 probe-brane system with k units of background gauge field
flux. This involves several types of two-point functions which are vanishing in
the theory without the defect, such as two-point functions of operators of
unequal conformal dimension. We furthermore exploit the operator product
expansion (OPE) and the boundary operator expansion (BOE), which form the basis
of the boundary conformal bootstrap equations, to extract conformal data both
about the defect CFT and about N=4 SYM theory without the defect. From the
knowledge of the one- and two-point functions of the defect theory, we extract
certain structure constants of N=4 SYM theory using the (bulk) OPE and
constrain certain bulk-bulk-to-boundary couplings using the BOE. The extraction
of the former relies on a non-trivial, polynomial k dependence of the one-point
functions, which we explicitly demonstrate. In addition, it requires the
knowledge of the one-point functions of SU$(2)$ descendant operators, which we
likewise explicitly determine.Comment: 34 pages, 2 figure
Lagrangian description of massive higher spin supermultiplets in AdS_3
  space

We construct the Lagrangian formulation of massive higher spin on-shell (1,0)
supermultiplets in three dimensional anti-de Sitter space. The construction is
based on description of the massive three dimensional fields in terms of
frame-like gauge invariant formalism and technique of gauge invariant
curvatures. For the two possible massive supermultiplets (s,s+1/2) and
(s,s-1/2) we derive explicit form of the supertransformations leaving the sum
of bosonic and fermionic Lagrangians invariant.Comment: 22 pages, no figures; v2: comments, references and new section added,
  26 page
Towards the exact Bremsstrahlung function of ABJM theory

We present the three-loop calculation of the Bremsstrahlung function
associated to the 1/2-BPS cusp in ABJM theory, including color subleading
corrections. Using the BPS condition we reduce the computation to that of a
cusp with vanishing angle. We work within the framework of heavy quark
effective theory (HQET) that further simplifies the analytic evaluation of the
relevant cusp anomalous dimension in the near-BPS limit. The result passes
nontrivial tests, such as exponentiation, and is in agreement with the
conjecture made in [1] for the exact expression of the Bremsstrahlung function,
based on the relation with fermionic latitude Wilson loops.Comment: 46 pages, 15 figure
Microstate Counting of $AdS_4$ Hyperbolic Black Hole Entropy via the
  Topologically Twisted Index

We compute the topologically twisted index for general $\mathcal{N} = 2$
supersymmetric field theories on $\mathbb{H}_2\times S^1$. We also discuss
asymptotically $AdS_4$ magnetically charged black holes with hyperbolic
horizon, in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauged supergravity. With
certain assumptions, put forward by Benini, Hristov and Zaffaroni, we find
precise agreement between the black hole entropy and the topologically twisted
index, for $ABJM$ theories.Comment: 39 pp + appendices, v2: references added, typos correcte
Evidence for a Lattice Weak Gravity Conjecture

The Weak Gravity Conjecture postulates the existence of superextremal charged
particles, i.e. those with mass smaller than or equal to their charge in Planck
units. We present further evidence for our recent observation that in known
examples a much stronger statement is true: an infinite tower of superextremal
particles of different charges exists. We show that effective Kaluza-Klein
field theories and perturbative string vacua respect the Sublattice Weak
Gravity Conjecture, namely that a finite index sublattice of the full charge
lattice exists with a superextremal particle at each site. In perturbative
string theory we show that this follows from modular invariance. However, we
present counterexamples to the stronger possibility that a superextremal
particle exists at every lattice site, including an example in which the
lightest charged particle is subextremal. The Sublattice Weak Gravity
Conjecture has many implications both for abstract theories of quantum gravity
and for real-world physics. For instance, it implies that if a gauge group with
very small coupling $e$ exists, then the fundamental gravitational cutoff
energy of the theory is no higher than $\sim e^{1/3} M_{\rm Pl}$.Comment: v2: 41 pages, typos fixed, references added, substantial revisions
  and clarifications (conclusions unchanged
Numerical Measurements of Scaling Relations in Two-Dimensional Conformal
  Fluid Turbulence

We present measurements of relativistic scaling relations in
$(2+1)$-dimensional conformal fluid turbulence from direct numerical
simulations, in the weakly compressible regime. These relations were
analytically derived previously in Westernacher-Schneider, Lehner, Oz (2015)
for a relativistic fluid; this work is a continuation of that study, providing
further analytical insights together with numerical experiments to test the
scaling relations and extract other important features characterizing the
turbulent behavior. We first explicitly demonstrate that the non-relativistic
limit of these scaling relations reduce to known results from the statistical
theory of incompressible Navier-Stokes turbulence. In simulations of the
inverse-cascade range, we find the relevant relativistic scaling relation is
satisfied to a high degree of accuracy. We observe that the non-relativistic
versions of this scaling relation underperform the relativistic one in both an
absolute and relative sense, with a progressive degradation as the rms Mach
number increases from $0.14$ to $0.19$. In the direct-cascade range, the two
relevant relativistic scaling relations are satisfied with a lower degree of
accuracy in a simulation with rms Mach number $0.11$. We elucidate the poorer
agreement with further simulations of an incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid.
Finally, as has been observed in the incompressible Navier-Stokes case, we show
that the energy spectrum in the inverse-cascade of the conformal fluid exhibits
$k^{-2}$ scaling rather than the Kolmogorov/Kraichnan expectation of
$k^{-5/3}$, and that it is not necessarily associated with compressive effects.
We comment on the implications for a recent calculation of the fractal
dimension of a turbulent $(3+1)$-dimensional AdS black brane.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. To be submitted to JHEP - comments
  welcome. V2 contains a technical edit for the JHEP compiler, as well as minor
  grammatical correction
Lepton Flavor Changing Higgs decays in the Littlest Higgs Model with
  T-parity

We calculate loop induced lepton flavor violating Higgs decays in the
Littlest Higgs model with T-parity. We find that a finite amplitude is obtained
only when all contributions from the T-odd lepton sector are included. This is
in contrast to lepton flavor violating processes mediated by gauge bosons where
the partners of the right-handed mirror leptons can be decoupled from the
spectrum. These partners are necessary to cancel the divergence in the Higgs
mass introduced by the mirror leptons but are otherwise unnecessary and assumed
to be decoupled in previous phenomenological studies. Furthermore, as we
emphasize, including the partner leptons in the spectrum also introduces a new
source of lepton flavor violation via their couplings to the physical
pseudo-Goldstone electroweak triplet scalar. Although this extra source also
affects lepton flavor changing gauge transitions, it decouples from these
amplitudes in the limit of heavy mass for the partner leptons. We find that the
corresponding Higgs branching ratio into taus and muons can be as large as
$\sim 0.2 \times 10^{-6}$ for T-odd masses of the order a few TeV, a demanding
challenge even for the high luminosity LHC.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure. Typos correcte
String theory duals of Wilson loops from Higgsing

For three-dimensional ABJ(M) theories and $\mathcal N=4$ Chern-Simons-matter
quiver theories, we construct two sets of 1/2 BPS Wilson loop operators by
applying the Higgsing procedure along independent directions of the moduli
space, and choosing different massive modes. For theories whose dual M-theory
description is known, we also determine the corresponding spectrum of 1/2 BPS
M2-brane solutions. We identify the supercharges in M-theory and field theory,
as well as the supercharges preserved by M2-/anti-M2-branes and 1/2 BPS Wilson
loops. In particular, in $\mathcal N=4$ orbifold ABJM theory we find pairs of
different 1/2 BPS Wilson loops that preserve exactly the same set of
supercharges. In field theory they arise by Higgsing with the choice of either
particles or antiparticles, whereas in the dual description they correspond to
a pair of M2-/anti-M2-branes localized at different positions in the compact
space. This result enlightens the origin of classical Wilson loop degeneracy in
these theories, already discussed in arXiv:1506.07614. A discussion on possible
scenarios that emerge by comparison with localization results is included.Comment: 52 pages, 4 figures; V2, 61 pages, 4 figures, supercharges in gravity
  and field theory identified, conclusion unchanged, published versio
Electric Dipole Moments in Natural Supersymmetry

We discuss electric dipole moments (EDMs) in the framework of CP-violating
natural supersymmetry (SUSY). Recent experimental results have significantly
tightened constraints on the EDMs of electrons and of mercury, and substantial
further progress is expected in the near future. We assess how these results
constrain the parameter space of natural SUSY. In addition to our discussion of
SUSY, we provide a set of general formulas for two-loop fermion EDMs, which can
be applied to a wide range of models of new physics. In the SUSY context, the
two-loop effects of stops and charginos respectively constrain the phases of
$A_t \mu$ and $M_2 \mu$ to be small in the natural part of parameter space. If
the Higgs mass is lifted to 125 GeV by a new tree-level superpotential
interaction and soft term with CP-violating phases, significant EDMs can arise
from the two-loop effects of $W$ bosons and tops. We compare the bounds arising
from EDMs to those from other probes of new physics including colliders, $b \to
s \gamma$, and dark matter searches. Importantly, improvements in reach not
only constrain higher masses, but require the phases to be significantly
smaller in the natural parameter space at low mass. The required smallness of
phases sharpens the CP problem of natural SUSY model building.Comment: 37 pages plus appendices, 16 figures; v2: journal versio
Threshold corrections in heterotic flux compactifications

We compute the one-loop threshold corrections to the gauge and gravitational
couplings for a large class of N=2 non-K\"ahler heterotic compactifications
with three-form flux, consisting in principal two-torus bundles over K3
surfaces. We obtain the results as sums of BPS-states contributions, depending
on the topological data of the bundle. We analyse also the worldsheet
non-perturbative corrections coming from instantons wrapping the torus fiber,
that are mapped under S-duality to D-instanton corrections in type I flux
compactifications.Comment: 36 page
Chiral Splitting and $\mathcal N = 4$ Einstein--Yang--Mills Tree
  Amplitudes in 4d

We present a world-sheet formula for all tree level scattering amplitudes, in
all trace sectors, of four dimensional $\mathcal{N} \leq 4$ supersymmetric
Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, based on the refined scattering equations. This
generalizes previously known formulas for all-trace purely bosonic, or
supersymmetric single-trace amplitudes. We find this formula by applying a new
chiral splitting formula for all CHY Pfaffians in 4d, into two determinants, of
positive and negative helicity respectively. The splitting of CHY Pfaffians is
shown to be a special case of the splitting of $T\mathbb{M}$ valued fermion
correlators on the sphere, which does not require the scattering equations to
hold, and is a consequence of the isomorphism $T\mathbb{M} \simeq \mathbb{S}^+
\otimes \mathbb{S}^-$ between the tangent bundle of Minkowski space and the
left- and right-handed spin bundles. We present and prove this general
splitting formula.Comment: 21 page
The Weak Gravity Conjecture and Scalar Fields

We propose a generalisation of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in the presence of
scalar fields. The proposal is guided by properties of extremal black holes in
${\cal N}=2$ supergravity, but can be understood more generally in terms of
forbidding towers of stable gravitationally bound states. It amounts to the
statement that there must exist a particle on which the gauge force acts more
strongly than gravity and the scalar forces combined. We also propose that the
scalar force itself should act on this particle stronger than gravity. This
implies that generically the mass of this particle decreases exponentially as a
function of the scalar field expectation value for super-Planckian variations,
which is behaviour predicted by the Refined Swampland Conjecture. In the
context of ${\cal N}=2$ supergravity the Weak Gravity Conjecture bound can be
tied to bounds on scalar field distances in field space. Guided by this, we
present a general proof that for any linear combination of moduli in any
Calabi-Yau compactification of string theory the proper field distance grows at
best logarithmically with the moduli values for super-Planckian distances.Comment: 25 pages. v2: Modified and extended section 4.1. v3: Clarifications
  added, published versio
Standard Model Parton Distributions at Very High Energies

We compute the leading-order evolution of parton distribution functions for
all the Standard Model fermions and bosons up to energy scales far above the
electroweak scale, where electroweak symmetry is restored. Our results include
the 52 PDFs of the unpolarized proton, evolving according to the SU(3), SU(2),
U(1), mixed SU(2) x U(1) and Yukawa interactions. We illustrate the numerical
effects on parton distributions at large energies, and show that this can lead
to important corrections to parton luminosities at a future 100 TeV collider.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figures. Improved treatment of input PDFs at 100 GeV.
  Adjusted plotting style to show features more clearly. Main results and
  conclusions unchange
Evolving neural networks with genetic algorithms to study the String
  Landscape

We study possible applications of artificial neural networks to examine the
string landscape. Since the field of application is rather versatile, we
propose to dynamically evolve these networks via genetic algorithms. This means
that we start from basic building blocks and combine them such that the neural
network performs best for the application we are interested in. We study three
areas in which neural networks can be applied: to classify models according to
a fixed set of (physically) appealing features, to find a concrete realization
for a computation for which the precise algorithm is known in principle but
very tedious to actually implement, and to predict or approximate the outcome
of some involved mathematical computation which performs too inefficient to
apply it, e.g. in model scans within the string landscape. We present simple
examples that arise in string phenomenology for all three types of problems and
discuss how they can be addressed by evolving neural networks from genetic
algorithms.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, references added, typos corrected, extended
  introductory sectio
Boundary Kinematic Space

We extend kinematic space to a simple scenario where the state is not fixed
by conformal invariance: the vacuum of a conformal field theory with a boundary
(bCFT). We identify the kinematic space associated with the boundary operator
product expansion (bOPE) as a subspace of the full kinematic space. In
addition, we establish representations of the corresponding bOPE blocks in a
dual gravitational description. We show how the new kinematic dictionary and
the dynamical data in bOPE allows one to reconstruct the bulk geometry. This is
evidence that kinematic space may be a useful construction for understanding
bulk physics beyond just kinematics.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figure
Caustic free completion of pressureless perfect fluid and k-essence

Both k-essence and the pressureless perfect fluid develop caustic
singularities at finite time. We further explore the connection between the two
and show that they belong to the same class of models, which admits the caustic
free completion by means of the canonical complex scalar field. Specifically,
the free massive/self-interacting complex scalar reproduces dynamics of
pressureless perfect fluid/shift-symmetric k-essence under certain initial
conditions in the limit of large mass/sharp self-interacting potential. We
elucidate a mechanism of resolving caustic singularities in the complete
picture. The collapse time is promoted to complex number. Hence, the
singularity is not developed in real time. The same conclusion holds for a
collection of collisionless particles modelled by means of the Schroedinger
equation, or ultra-light axions (generically, coherent oscillations of bosons
in the Bose--Einstein condensate state).Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures; clarifications and references added. Matches
  published versio
Entanglement Entropy with Background Gauge Fields

We study the entanglement entropy, the R\'enyi entropy, and the mutual
(R\'enyi) information of Dirac fermions on a 2 dimensional torus in the
presence of constant gauge fields. We derive their general formulas using the
equivalence between twisted boundary conditions and the background gauge
fields. Novel and interesting physical consequences have been presented in
arXiv:1705.01859. Here we provide detailed computations of the entropies and
mutual information in a low temperature limit, a large radius limit, and a high
temperature limit. The high temperature limit reveals rather different physical
properties compared to those of the low temperature one: there exist two
non-trivial limits that depend on a modulus parameter and are not smoothly
connected.Comment: 37 pages, v2: some formulas in section 4.3 are correcte
Trace anomaly for non-relativistic fermions

We study the coupling of a 2+1 dimensional non-relativistic spin 1/2 fermion
to a curved Newton-Cartan geometry, using null reduction from an
extra-dimensional relativistic Dirac action in curved spacetime. We analyze
Weyl invariance in detail: we show that at the classical level it is preserved
in an arbitrary curved background, whereas at the quantum level it is broken by
anomalies. We compute the trace anomaly using the Heat Kernel method and we
show that the anomaly coefficients a, c are proportional to the relativistic
ones for a Dirac fermion in 3+1 dimensions. As for the previously studied
scalar case, these coefficents are proportional to 1/m, where m is the
non-relativistic mass of the particle.Comment: 23 page