pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cross-correlations of the Lyman-alpha forest with weak lensing
  convergence I: Analytical Estimates of S/N and Implications for Neutrino Mass
  and Dark Energy

We expect a detectable correlation between two seemingly unrelated
quantities: the four point function of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
and the amplitude of flux decrements in quasar (QSO) spectra. The amplitude of
CMB convergence in a given direction measures the projected surface density of
matter. Measurements of QSO flux decrements trace the small-scale distribution
of gas along a given line-of-sight. While the cross-correlation between these
two measurements is small for a single line-of-sight, upcoming large surveys
should enable its detection. This paper presents analytical estimates for the
signal to noise (S/N) for measurements of the cross-correlation between the
flux decrement and the convergence and for measurements of the
cross-correlation between the variance in flux decrement and the convergence.
For the ongoing BOSS (SDSS III) and Planck surveys, we estimate an S/N of 30
and 9.6 for these two correlations. For the proposed BigBOSS and ACTPOL
surveys, we estimate an S/N of 130 and 50 respectively. Since the
cross-correlation between the variance in flux decrement and the convergence is
proportional to the fourth power of $\sigma_8$, the amplitude of these
cross-correlations can potentially be used to measure the amplitude of
$\sigma_8$ at z~2 to 2.5% with BOSS and Planck and even better with future data
sets. These measurements have the potential to test alternative theories for
dark energy and to constrain the mass of the neutrino. The large potential
signal estimated in our analytical calculations motivate tests with non-linear
hydrodynamical simulations and analyses of upcoming data sets.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Chirikov Diffusion in the Asteroidal Three-Body Resonance (5,-2,-2)

The theory of diffusion in many-dimensional Hamiltonian system is applied to
asteroidal dynamics. The general formulations developed by Chirikov is applied
to the Nesvorn\'{y}-Morbidelli analytic model of three-body (three-orbit)
mean-motion resonances (Jupiter-Saturn-asteroid system). In particular, we
investigate the diffusion \emph{along} and \emph{across} the separatrices of
the (5,-2,-2) resonance of the (490) Veritas asteroidal family and their
relationship to diffusion in semi-major axis and eccentricity. The estimations
of diffusion were obtained using the Melnikov integral, a Hadjidemetriou-type
sympletic map and numerical integrations for times up to $10^{8}$ years.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figure
The Cauchy problem for the homogeneous Monge-Ampere equation, II.
  Legendre transform

We continue our study of the Cauchy problem for the homogeneous (real and
complex) Monge-Ampere equation (HRMA/HCMA). In the prequel a quantum mechanical
approach for solving the HCMA was developed, and was shown to coincide with the
well-known Legendre transform approach in the case of the HRMA. In this
article---that uses tools of convex analysis and can be read independently---we
prove that the candidate solution produced by these methods ceases to solve the
HRMA, even in a weak sense, as soon as it ceases to be differentiable.Comment: v2: added reference
Alfven seismic vibrations of crustal solid-state plasma in quaking
  paramagnetic neutron star

Magneto-solid-mechanical model of two-component, core-crust, paramagnetic
neutron star responding to quake-induced perturbation by differentially
rotational, torsional, oscillations of crustal electron-nuclear solid-state
plasma about axis of magnetic field frozen in the immobile paramagnetic core is
developed. Particular attention is given to the node-free torsional
crust-against-core vibrations under combined action of Lorentz magnetic and
Hooke's elastic forces; the damping is attributed to Newtonian force of shear
viscose stresses in crustal solid-state plasma. The spectral formulae for the
frequency and lifetime of this toroidal mode are derived in analytic form and
discussed in the context of quasi-periodic oscillations of the X-ray outburst
flux from quaking magnetars. The application of obtained theoretical spectra to
modal analysis of available data on frequencies of oscillating outburst
emission suggests that detected variability is the manifestation of crustal
Alfven's seismic vibrations restored by Lorentz force of magnetic field
stresses.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Renormalisation of one-link quark operators for overlap fermions with
  L\"uscher-Weisz gauge action

We compute lattice renormalisation constants of one-link quark operators
({\it i.e.} operators with one covariant derivative) for overlap fermions and
L\"uscher-Weisz gauge action in one-loop perturbation theory. Among others,
such operators enter the calculation of moments of polarised and unpolarised
hadron structure functions. Results are given for \beta=8.45, \beta=8.0 and
mass parameter \rho=1.4, which are commonly used in numerical simulations. We
apply mean field (tadpole) improvement to our results.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figur
Scaling Violations in the $Q^2$ Logarithmic Derivative of $F_2$

We examine the latest HERA experimental measurements of the $Q^2$ logarithmic
derivative of the proton structure function. We analyze the characteristics of
DGLAP with and without screening, as well as a Regge type model, and compare
their predictions to all available data on $\slope$ including those for fixed
W. Our results show that the present data can be described in pQCD taking into
account shadowing corrections. However, such a description cannot be considered
a conclusive signal of gluon saturation since the experimental data on $\slope$
do not allow one to discriminate between the various approaches, in spite of
their very different construction.Comment: 15 pages, & figs in eps file
Addendum: The SNO Solar Neutrino Data, Neutrinoless Double Beta-Decay
  and Neutrino Mass Spectrum

We update our earlier study in [1], which was inspired by the 2002 SNO data,
on the implications of the results of the solar neutrino experiments for the
predictions of the effective Majorana mass in neutrinoless double beta-decay,
|<m>|. We obtain predictions for |<m>| using the values of the neutrino
oscillation parameters, obtained in the analyzes of the presently available
solar neutrino data, including the just published data from the salt phase of
the SNO experiment, the atmospheric neutrino and CHOOZ data and the first data
from the KamLAND experiment. The main conclusion reached in ref. [1] of the
existence of significant lower bounds on |<m>| in the cases of neutrino mass
spectrum of inverted hierarchical (IH) and quasi-degenerate (QD) type is
strongly reinforced by fact that combined solar neutrino data i) exclude the
possibility of cos(2 \theta_\odot)=0 at more than 5 s.d., ii) determine as a
best fit value cos(2 \theta_\odot)=0.40, and ii) imply at 95% C.L. that cos(2
\theta_\odot) \geq 0.22, \theta_\odot being the solar neutrino mixing angle.
For the IH and QD spectra we get using, e.g., the 90% C.L. allowed ranges of
values of the oscillation parameters, |<m>| \geq 0.010 eV and |<m>| \geq 0.043
eV, respectively. We also comment on the possibility to get information on the
neutrino mass spectrum and on the CP-violation in the lepton sector due to
Majorana CP-violating phases.Comment: 12 pages, Latex; the text contains 3 tables; 10 pages of text, 2
  ps-figure
Massive Boson Production at Small q_T in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory

We study the differential cross sections for electroweak gauge-boson and
Higgs production at small and very small transverse-momentum q_T. Large
logarithms are resummed using soft-collinear effective theory. The collinear
anomaly generates a non-perturbative scale q_*, which protects the processes
from receiving large long-distance hadronic contributions. A numerical
comparison of our predictions with data on the transverse-momentum distribution
in Z-boson production at the Tevatron and LHC is given.Comment: PDF LaTeX, 4 pages, 7 pdf figures. To appear in the proceedings of
  the 16th International Conference in Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD12), 2-6 July
  2012, Montpellie
Mass deformed world-sheet action of semi-local vortices

The mass deformed effective world-sheet theory of semi local vortices was
constructed via the field theoretical method. By Euler-Lagrangian equations,
the Ansatze for both the gauge field and the adjoint scalar were solved, this
ensures that zero modes of vortices are minimal excitations of the system. Up
to the $1/g^2$ order, all profiles are solved. The mass deformed effective
action was obtained by integrating out the transverse plane of the vortex
string. The effective theory interpolates between the local vortex and the
lump. Respecting certain normalization conditions, the effective theory shows a
Seiberg-like duality, which agrees with the result of the K\"ahler quotient
construction.Comment: 22 pages, non figures. Comments are welcome
Sub-nanometer resolution in three-dimensional magnetic-resonance imaging
  of individual dark spins

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized biomedical science by
providing non-invasive, three-dimensional biological imaging. However, spatial
resolution in conventional MRI systems is limited to tens of microns, which is
insufficient for imaging on molecular and atomic scales. Here we demonstrate an
MRI technique that provides sub-nanometer spatial resolution in three
dimensions, with single electron-spin sensitivity. Our imaging method works
under ambient conditions and can measure ubiquitous 'dark' spins, which
constitute nearly all spin targets of interest and cannot otherwise be
individually detected. In this technique, the magnetic quantum-projection noise
of dark spins is measured using a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometer
located near the surface of a diamond chip. The spatial distribution of spins
surrounding the NV magnetometer is imaged with a scanning magnetic-field
gradient. To evaluate the performance of the NV-MRI technique, we image the
three-dimensional landscape of dark electronic spins at and just below the
diamond surface and achieve an unprecedented combination of resolution (0.8 nm
laterally and 1.5 nm vertically) and single-spin sensitivity. Our measurements
uncover previously unidentified electronic spins on the diamond surface, which
can potentially be used as resources for improved magnetic imaging of samples
proximal to the NV-diamond sensor. This three-dimensional NV-MRI technique is
immediately applicable to diverse systems including imaging spin chains,
readout of individual spin-based quantum bits, and determining the precise
location of spin labels in biological systems.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Phase Locked Inflation -- Effectively Trans-Planckian Natural Inflation

A model of natural inflation with an effectively trans-Planckian decay
constant can be easily achieved by the "phase locking" mechanism while keeping
field values in the effective field theory within the Planck scale. We give
detailed description of "phase locked" inflation based on this mechanism. We
also construct supersymmetric natural inflation based on this mechanism and
show that the model is consistent with low scale supersymmetry. We also
investigate couplings of the inflaton with the minimal supersymmetric standard
model to achieve an appropriate reheating process. Interestingly, in a certain
class of models, we find that the inflation scale is related to the mass of the
right-handed neutrino in a consistent way with the seesaw mechanism.Comment: 22pages, 3 figures, 2 table
The Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey (HUGS): Survey design and deep K-band
  number counts

We present the results of a new, ultra-deep, near-infrared imaging survey
executed with the Hawk-I imager at the ESO VLT, of which we make all the data
public. This survey, named HUGS (Hawk-I UDS and GOODS Survey), provides deep,
high-quality imaging in the K and Y bands over the CANDELS UDS and GOODS-South
fields. We describe here the survey strategy, the data reduction process, and
the data quality. HUGS delivers the deepest and highest quality K-band images
ever collected over areas of cosmological interest, and ideally complements the
CANDELS data set in terms of image quality and depth. The seeing is exceptional
and homogeneous, confined to the range 0.38"-0.43". In the deepest region of
the GOODS-S field, (which includes most of the HUDF) the K-band exposure time
exceeds 80 hours of integration, yielding a 1-sigma magnitude limit of ~28.0
mag/sqarcsec. In the UDS field the survey matches the shallower depth of the
CANDELS images reaching a 1-sigma limit per sq.arcsec of ~27.3mag in the K band
and ~28.3mag in the Y-band, We show that the HUGS observations are well matched
to the depth of the CANDELS WFC3/IR data, since the majority of even the
faintest galaxies detected in the CANDELS H-band images are also detected in
HUGS. We present the K-band galaxy number counts produced by combining the HUGS
data from the two fields. We show that the slope of the number counts depends
sensitively on the assumed distribution of galaxy sizes, with potential impact
on the estimated extra-galactic background light (abridged).Comment: Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysic
Bi-maximal Neutrino Mixings And Proton Decay In SO(10) With Anomalous
  Flavor ${\cal U}(1)$

By supplementing supersymmetric SO(10) with an anomalous ${\cal U}(1)$ flavor
symmetry and additional `matter' superfields carrying suitable ${\cal U}(1)$
charges, we explain the charged fermion mass hierarchies, the magnitudes of the
CKM matrix elements, as well as the solar and atmospheric neutrino data. We
stress bi-maximal vacuum neutrino mixings, and indicate how the small or large
mixing angle MSW solution can be incorporated. The ${\cal U}(1)$ symmetry also
implies that $\tau_{p\to K\nu}[SO(10)]\sim (10-100)\cdot \tau_{p\to K\nu}[{\rm
minimal}~SU(5)]$.Comment: 4 pages, revte
Vortex Correlation Functions in Maxwell-Chern-Simons Models

Maxwell-Chern-Simons models in the presence of an instanton anti-instanton
background are studied. The saddle-point configuration corresponds to the
creation and annihilation of a vortex localized around the Dirac string needed
to support the nontrivial background. This configuration is generalized to the
case in which a nonlocal Maxwell term is allowed in order to fulfill the finite
action requirement. Following 't Hooft procedure, we compute the vortex
correlation functions and we study the possibility of obtaining spin 1/2
excitations. A possible connection with the bosonization of interacting
three-dimensional massive fermionic systems is also discussed.Comment: 1+10 pages, LaTeX2
Two-loop quark self-energy in a new formalism; 1, overlapping divergences

A new integration technique for multi-loop Feynman integrals, called the \it matrix method\rm, is developed and then applied to the divergent part of the overlapping two-loop quark self-energy function \,i\Sigma\, in the light-cone gauge \ n\!\cdot\!A^a(x)=0,\ n^2=0. It is shown that the coefficient of the double-pole term is strictly local, even off mass-shell, while the coefficient of the single-pole term contains local as well as nonlocal parts. On mass-shell, the single-pole part is local, of course. It is worth noting that the original overlapping self-energy integral reduces eventually to 10 covariant and 38 noncovariant-gauge integrals. We were able to verify explicitly that the {\it divergent parts} of the 10 double covariant-gauge integrals agreed precisely with those currently used to calculate radiative corrections in the Standard Model. \par Our new technique is amazingly powerful, being applicable to massive and massless integrals alike, and capable of handling both covariant-gauge integrals and the more difficult noncovariant-gauge integrals. Perhaps the most important feature of the matrix method is the ability to execute the 4\omega-dimensional momentum integrations in a single operation, exactly and in analytic form. The method works equally well for other axial-type gauges, notably the temporal gauge (n^2>0) and the pure axial gauge (n^2<0)
$E_{11}$, SL(32) and Central Charges

We show that the $E_{11}$ representation that contains the space-time
translation generators also contains the rank two and five totally
anti-symmetric representations of $A_{10}$. By studying the behaviour of these
latter $A_{10}$ representations under SL(32), which we argue is contained in
the Cartan involution invariant sub-algebra of $E_{11}$, we find that the rank
two and five totally anti-symmetric representations must be identified with the
central charges of the eleven dimensional supersymmetry algebra.Comment: 12 pages, plain tex, Typos corrected, one reference and three
  sentences added and equation (3.8) change
FELIX: a full-acceptance detector at the LHC

The FELIX collaboration has proposed the construction of a full acceptance detector for the LHC, to be located at Intersection Region 4, and to be commissioned concurrently with the LHC. The primary mission of FELIX is QCD: to provide comprehensive and definitive observations of a very broad range of strong-interaction processes. This paper reviews the detector concept and performance characteristics, the physics menu, and plans for integration of FELIX into the collider lattice and physical environment. The current status of the FELIX Letter of Intent is discussed.The FELIX collaboration has proposed the construction of a full acceptance detector for the LHC, to be located at Intersection Region 4, and to be commissioned concurrently with the LHC. The primary mission of FELIX is QCD: to provide comprehensive and definitive observations of a very broad range of strong-interaction processes. This paper reviews the detector concept and performance characteristics, the physics menu, and plans for integration of FELIX into the collider lattice and physical environment. The current status of the FELIX Letter of Intent is discussed
Dynamic fitness landscapes in the quasispecies model

The quasispecies model is studied for the special case of externally varying replication rates. Most emphasis is laid on periodic time dependencies, but other cases are considered as well. For periodic time dependencies, the behavior of the evolving system can be determined analytically in several limiting cases. With that knowledge, the qualitative phase diagram in a given time-periodic fitness landscape can be predicted without almost any calculations. Several example landscapes are analyzed in detail in order to demonstrate the validity of this approach. For other, non-periodic time dependencies, it is also possible to obtain results in some of the limiting cases, so that there can be made predictions as well. Finally, the relationship between the results from the infinite population limit and the actual finite population dynamics is discussed
D=4 Chiral String Compactifications from Intersecting Branes

Intersecting Dp-branes often give rise to chiral fermions living on their intersections. We study the construction of four-dimensional chiral theories by considering configurations of type II D(3+n)-branes wrapped on non-trivial n-cycles on T^{2n} x R^{2(3-n)}/Z_N, for $n=1,2,3$. The gauge theories on the four non-compact dimensions of the brane world-volume are generically chiral and non-supersymmetric. We analyze consistency conditions (RR tadpole cancellation) for these models, and their relation to four-dimensional anomaly cancellation. Cancellation of U(1) gauge anomalies involves a Green-Schwarz mechanism mediated by RR partners of untwisted and/or twisted moduli. This class of models is of potential phenomenological interest, and we construct explicit examples of SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) three-generation models. The models are non-supersymmetric, but the string scale may be lowered close to the weak scale so that the standard hierarchy problem is avoided. We also comment on the presence of scalar tachyons and possible ways to avoid the associated instabilities. We discuss the existence of (meta)stable configurations of D-branes on 3-cycles in (T^2)^3, free of tachyons for certain ranges of the six-torus moduli.Intersecting Dp-branes often give rise to chiral fermions living on their intersections. We study the construction of four-dimensional chiral gauge theories by considering configurations of type II D(3+n)-branes wrapped on non-trivial n-cycles on T^{2n} x(R^{2(3-n)}/Z_N), for n=1,2,3. The gauge theories on the four non-compact dimensions of the brane world-volume are generically chiral and non-supersymmetric. We analyze consistency conditions (RR tadpole cancellation) for these models, and their relation to four-dimensional anomaly cancellation. Cancellation of U(1) gauge anomalies involves a Green-Schwarz mechanism mediated by RR partners of untwisted and/or twisted moduli. This class of models is of potential phenomenological interest, and we construct explicit examples of SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1) three-generation models. The models are non-supersymmetric, but the string scale may be lowered close to the weak scale so that the standard hierarchy problem is avoided. We also comment on the presence of scalar tachyons and possible ways to avoid the associated instabilities. We discuss the existence of (meta)stable configurations of D-branes on 3-cycles in (T^2)^3, free of tachyons for certain ranges of the six-torus moduli
Does amyloid deposition produce a specific atrophic signature in cognitively normal subjects?☆

The objective of our study was to evaluate whether cognitively normal (CN) elderly participants showing elevated cortical beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition have a consistent neuroanatomical signature of brain atrophy that may characterize preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). 115 CN participants who were Aβ-positive (CN +) by amyloid PET imaging; 115 CN participants who were Aβ-negative (CN −); and 88 Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment or AD participants (MCI/AD +) were identified. Cortical thickness (FreeSurfer) and gray matter volume (SPM5) were measured for 28 regions-of-interest (ROIs) across the brain and compared across groups. ROIs that best discriminated CN − from CN + differed for FreeSurfer cortical thickness and SPM5 gray matter volume. Group-wise discrimination was poor with a high degree of uncertainty in terms of the rank ordering of ROIs. In contrast, both techniques showed strong and consistent findings comparing MCI/AD + to both CN − and CN + groups, with entorhinal cortex, middle and inferior temporal lobe, inferior parietal lobe, and hippocampus providing the best discrimination for both techniques. Concordance across techniques was higher for the CN − and CN + versus MCI/AD + comparisons, compared to the CN − versus CN + comparison. The weak and inconsistent nature of the findings across technique in this study cast doubt on the existence of a reliable neuroanatomical signature of preclinical AD in elderly PiB-positive CN participants