pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On Material Removal Regimes for the Shaping of Glass Edges: Force Analysis, Surface Topography and Damage Mechanisms

Glass shaping, which corresponds to the removal
of the edges of a specimen, is the last finishing operation in glass manufacturing. This process has several functions on the final shaped glass including removing sharp edges,
improving mechanical resistance, decreasing surface damage and giving it an aesthetical aspect. This article addresses the effects of working parameters, including grinding forces and consumed power, on surface edge finishing and damage
mechanism induced during glass grinding. Microscopic observations and multi-scale analysis have also been conducted to investigate the surface edge characteristics.
Experimental results show three damage regimes. The first (regime I) is a partial ductile regime with cutting action accompanied by chip formation. The second (regime II) is a crushing (or fragmentation) regime. The last (regime III) is also a partial ductile regime but by ploughing action with displaced material. The shaped surface obtained in the
regime II has a better roughness than that obtained in regime I and III. However, regimes I and III include streaks and form defects which are not present in regime II. Similar to metallic materials, the evolution of force components show a linear relationship between normal and tangential forces. This
implicates a constant average contact pressure and friction coefficient (l) between the flat grains and the workpiece
Optimisation of the enzymatic synthesis of n-octyl oleate with immobilised lipase in the absence of solvents

The enzymatic synthesis of n-octyl oleate by direct esterification of the oleic acid and the octanol in a solvent-free medium was previously shown to be efficiently catalysed by a lipase from Rhizomucor miehei covalently linked to a graft copolymer, the partially hydrolysed poly(ethylene)-g co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PE-g co-HEMA). In this work we went further towards an optimisation of the production of n-octyl oleate taking into account several parameters that affect the catalytic activity of the preparation. The physical characteristics of the support, such as the particle size and the degree of hydrolysis of the copolymer, the amount of lipase used in the method of immobilisation, the water content of the reaction mixture and the operational conditions of reaction, in particular the temperature, were evaluated in order to achieve not only high activities but also a good stability of the preparation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industryhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199907)74:7<607::AID-JCTB74>3.0.CO;2-
Application of renormalized coupled-cluster methods to potential function of water

Abstract  The goal of this paper is to examine the performance of the conventional and renormalized single-reference coupled-cluster (CC) methods in calculations of the potential energy surface of the water molecule. A comparison with the results of the internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction calculations including the quasi-degenerate Davidson correction (MRCI(Q)) and the spectroscopically accurate potential energy surface of water resulting from the use of the energy switching (ES) approach indicates that the relatively inexpensive completely renormalized (CR) CC methods with singles (S), doubles (D), and a non-iterative treatment of triples (T) or triples and quadruples (TQ), such as CR-CCSD(T), CR-CCSD(TQ), and the recently developed rigorously size extensive extension of CR-CCSD(T), termed CR-CC(2,3), provide substantial improvements in the results of conventional CCSD(T) and CCSD(TQ) calculations at larger internuclear separations. It is shown that the CR-CC(2,3) results corrected for the effect of quadruply excited clusters through the CR-CC(2,3)+Q approach can compete with the highly accurate MRCI(Q) data. The excellent agreement between the CR-CC(2,3)+Q and MRCI(Q) results suggests ways of improving the global potential energy surface of water resulting from the use of the ES approach in the regions of intermediate bond stretches and intermediate energies connecting the region of the global minimum with the asymptotic regions.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00214-007-0297-
The Cyclodextrins as Modelling Agents of Drug Controlled Release

The controlled release of nicardipine (NC) was achieved by hybridizing its hydrophilic and hydrophobic cyclodextrin (CDs) complexes, i.e., those with hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPßCD) andtriacetyl-ß-cyclodextrin (TAßCD),respectively. 1H-nuclearmagnetic resonance (1H-NMR) was performed to examine the interaction between both CDs and NC in solution. The solid complexes of NC : HPßCD and NC : TAßCD were prepared, in a 1 : 1 molar ratio by the spray-drying method. Complexation in the solid state was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and intestinal (pH 6.8) fluids, according to the USP basket method. The 1H-NMR studies provided clear evidence of an interaction between the CDs and the aromatic rings of NC. The DSC thermograms of the solid complexes showed no endothermic peak due to NC melting and their diffraction pattern was completely diffuse, which suggested the formation of a novel type solid phase with an amorphous character. The low dissolution rate of NC, a weak basic drug, in alkaline medium was significantly improved by complexation with HPßCD. In contrast, the in vitro release of this drug from the NC : TAßCD complexes was markedly retarded in both dissolution media. An optimal formulation was then designed by the combination, in different molar ratios, of these two complexes. The release behavior of these preparations was investigated and it was observed that the retarding effect was dependent on the amount of the NC : TAßCD complex. In addition, the initial release rate became faster as the molar ratio of the NC : HPßCD complex increased.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:102303291608
Measurement of the 2H(n,γ)3H reaction cross section between 10 and 550 keV

We have measured for the first time the cross section of the 2H(n,γ)3H reaction at an energy relevant to big-bang nucleosynthesis by employing a prompt discrete -ray detection method. The outgoing photons have been detected by means of anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometers with a large signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting cross sections are 2.23±0.34,1.99±0.25, and 3.76±0.41µb at En=30.5,54.2, and 531 keV, respectively. At En=30.5 keV the cross section differs from the value reported previously by a factor of 2. Based on the present data the reaction rate has been obtained for temperatures in the range 107-1010 K. The astrophysical impact of the present result is discussed. The obtained cross sections are compared with a theoretical calculation based on the Faddeev approach, which includes meson exchange currents as well as a three-nucleon force
Photoemission study of the SiO₂conversion mechanism to magnesium silicate

The objective of this work is to investigate interface chemistries which minimize the interfacial silicon oxide transition region at Si/high-k dielectric interfaces. We report on the mechanism by which a silicon native oxide layer is converted into magnesium silicate. The deposition of metal Mg onto a SiO native oxide surface resulted in the formation of a magnesium silicide in addition to substochiometric silicon oxides and a significant decrease in the oxidised silicon signal. Annealing to 300 °C resulted in the decomposition of the magnesium silicide, oxidation of the Mg, and the desorption of excess metallic Mg. Subsequent annealing to 500 °C resulted in converting the SiO2 into magnesium silicate. The results suggest that the decomposition of the Mg silicide in the presence of the residual native oxide facilitates silicate formation at 500 °C. Due to the reported thermal stability of Mg silicate it is suggested that this process may be beneficial in modifying the interface characteristics of the Si/high-k dielectric interface which has potentially significant implications for future semiconductor device generations
Toward mature talent management: beyond shareholder value

Talent management has become one of the most prevalent topics in the field of people management and development for practitioners and academics alike. However, while managers do appear to appreciate the importance of talent management, they often fail to manage it effectively, and the linkages between talent management and organizational performance remain unclear. In this invited feature article, I argue that the failure to effectively manage and develop talent can be traced, in part, to a narrow conceptualization of performance in much thinking on talent management. At an organizational level, this means that performance is generally considered solely in terms of shareholder returns while ignoring other stakeholders. This translates into HR systems that fail to effectively align individuals and organizations in the generation of value. This article foregrounds employees as stakeholders and argues that organizations that are defined by a sense of purpose and that prioritize employees as stakeholders generally have higher levels of alignment between organizational and employee goals with more highly motivated employees and ultimately more sustainable performance. Some implications for research on talent management are developed
Optical properties and microstructure of 2.02-3.30 eV ZnCdO nanowires: effect of thermal annealing

ZnCdO nanowires with up to 45% Cd are demonstrated showing room temperature photoluminescence (PL) down to 2.02 eV and a radiative efficiency similar to that of ZnO nanowires. Analysis of the microstructure in individual nanowires confirms the presence of a single wurtzite phase even at the highest Cd contents, with a homogeneous distribution of Cd both in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Thermal annealing at 550 °C yields an overall improvement of the PL, which is blue-shifted as a result of the homogeneous decrease of Cd throughout the nanowire, but the single wurtzite structure is fully maintained
Maximizing The Efficiency Of A 4-cell FK Module

The outdoor measurements of both a single-cell and a 4-cell CPV modules reaching, respectively, maximum peak efficiencies of 36.0% and 34.8% (both corrected @Tcell=25°C) are presented. This is the result of the joint effort by LPI and Solar Junction to demonstrate the potential of combining their respective state-of-the-art concentrator optics and solar cells. The LPI concentrator used is a Fresnel Köhler(FK), which is an advanced nonimaging concentrator using 4-channel Köhler homogenization, based on a primary Fresnel lens and a free-form secondary glass lens. Solar Junction's cell is a triple-junction solar cell with the A-SLAM{trade mark, serif} architecture using dilute-nitrides
Development of a beta 0.12, 88 MHz, quarter-wave resonator and its cryomodule for the SPIRAL2 project

SPIRAL2 is a radioactive beams facility, composed of a superconducting linac driver, delivering deuterons with an energy of up to 40 MeV (5 mA) and heavy ions with an energy of 14.5 MeV/u (1 mA). This facility is now fully approved by the French government. The first prototype of beta 0.12 quarter-wave resonator has been recently fabricated by Zanon company and tested at IPN Orsay. The details on its fabrication and the results of the RF and mechanical tests at 4 K will be presented. Then, we will show the design of the cryomodule-B, dedicated to the high energy section of the linac, which is now ready to be ordered. Finally, the last studies of the R&D program, such as the last optimizations of the geometry, the new developments of the tuning system and the design of the helium vessel, are described
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility studies in phenolic extracts of two Hericium wild edible species

Mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids. When ingested, these molecules have to be released from the matrix to be transformed/absorbed by the organism, so that they can exert their bioactivity. Several in vitro methodologies have been developed in order to evaluate the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Herein, two Hericium species were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an in vitro digestion of the mushrooms and mushroom phenolic extracts was performed, and the digested samples were also submitted to antioxidant activity evaluation in order to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the phenolic acids identified in the samples. Hericium species showed similar chemical profiles (except for tocopherols), varying only in the concentration of the compounds. The phenolic extracts revealed higher antioxidant activity than the in vitro digested samples, meaning that this process decrease the antioxidant properties of the extract/mushroom. Nevertheless, phenolic acids were found in the digested samples, meaning that those molecules are bioaccessible.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011), S.A. Heleno grant (BD/70304/2010) and L. Barros contract under “Programa Compromisso com a Ciência-2008”
When Journal Editors Play Favorites

Should editors of scientific journals practice triple-anonymous reviewing? I consider two arguments in favor. The first says that insofar as editors' decisions are affected by information they would not have had under triple-anonymous review, an injustice is committed against certain authors. I show that even well-meaning editors would commit this wrong and I endorse this argument. The second argument says that insofar as editors' decisions are affected by information they would not have had under triple-anonymous review, it will negatively affect the quality of published papers. I distinguish between two kinds of biases that an editor might have. I show that one of them has a positive effect on quality and the other a negative one, and that the combined effect could be either positive or negative. Thus I do not endorse the second argument in general. However, I do endorse this argument for certain fields, for which I argue that the positive effect does not apply
Pseudogap and superconducting gap in YBa2Cu3o6+x : a raman study

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzench.)We present results of electronic Raman-scattering experiments in differently doped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x . In B 2g symmetry, an analysis of the data in terms of a memory function approach is presented and dynamical relaxation rates Γ (ω, T) and mass-enhancement factors 1 + λ(ω, T) for the carriers are obtained. Starting from temperatures T > 180K, Γ(ω, T) and 1 + λ(ω,T) are extrapolated to lower temperatures and used to re-calculate Raman spectra. By comparison with our data, we find a loss of spectral weight between T c < T < T* at all doping levels x. T* is comparable to the pseudogap temperature found in other experiments. Below T c , the superconducting gap is observed. It depends on x and scales with T c whereas the energy scale of the pseudogap remains the same
How Objective Are Biological Functions?

John Searle has argued that functions owe their existence to the value that we put into life and survival. In this paper, I will provide a critique of Searle’s argument concerning the ontology of functions. I rely on a standard analysis of functional predicates as relating not only a biological entity (e.g., the heart), an activity that constitutes the function of this entity (e.g., pumping blood) and a type of system but also a goal state (e.g., survival or evolutionary fitness). A functional attribution without specification of such a goal state has no truth-value. But if completed with a goal state, functional attributions understood as four-place relations attain a truth-value. The truth conditions of all attributions of function involve a dependence claim of the goal state on the function bearer's activity. The nature of this dependence may differ; I consider five different possibilities: causality, mechanistic constitution, mereology, supervenience and metaphysical grounding. If these dependency relations are objective, Searle’s central ontological thesis fails. What he ought to have said is that our valuing survival or other goal states may be the reason why biology seeks functional knowledge, but this has nothing to do with ontology. I will show further that Searle also raised an interesting challenge concerning the relationship of functional and causal truths, but it does not threaten the objectivity of functions either. At best, it could show that functional vocabulary is eliminable. However, I will show that functional vocabulary is not so eliminable
Optical visualisation of thermogenesis in stimulated singlecell brown adipocytes

The identification of brown adipose deposits in adults has led to significant interest in targeting this metabolically active tissue for treatment of obesity and diabetes. Improved methods for the direct measurement of heat production as the signature function of brown adipocytes (BAs), particularly at the single cell level, would be of substantial benefit to these ongoing efforts. Here, we report the first application of a small molecule-type thermosensitive fluorescent dye, ERthermAC, to monitor thermogenesis in BAs derived from murine brown fat precursors and in human brown fat cells differentiated from human neck brown preadipocytes. ERthermAC accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of BAs and displayed a marked change in fluorescence intensity in response to adrenergic stimulation of cells, which corresponded to temperature change. ERthermAC fluorescence intensity profiles were congruent with mitochondrial depolarisation events visualised by the JC-1 probe. Moreover, the averaged fluorescence intensity changes across a population of cells correlated well with dynamic changes such as thermal power, oxygen consumption, and extracellular acidification rates. These findings suggest ERthermAC as a promising new tool for studying thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of both murine and human origins
Pose estimation for objects with planar surfaces using eigenimage and range data analysis

In this paper we present a novel method for estimating the object pose for 3D objects with well deﬁned planar surfaces. Speciﬁcally, we investigate the feasibility of estimating the object pose using an approach that combines the standard eigenspace analysis technique with range data analysis. In this sense, eigenspace analysis was employed to constrain one object rotation and reject surfaces that are not compatible with a model object. The remaining two object rotations are estimated by computing the normal to the surface from the range data. The proposed pose estimation scheme has been successfully applied to scenes deﬁned by polyhedral objects and experimental results are reported
Analysis of spontaneous MEG activity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using spectral entropies and statistical complexity measures

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Over the last few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to exploring new biomarkers. Nevertheless, a better understanding of brain dynamics is still required to optimize therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the characterization of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is crucial, due to the high conversion rate from MCI to AD. However, only a few studies have focused on the analysis of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) rhythms to characterize AD and MCI. In this study, we assess the ability of several parameters derived from information theory to describe spontaneous MEG activity from 36 AD patients, 18 MCI subjects and 26 controls. Three entropies (Shannon, Tsallis and Rényi entropies), one disequilibrium measure (based on Euclidean distance ED) and three statistical complexities (based on Lopez Ruiz–Mancini–Calbet complexity LMC) were used to estimate the irregularity and statistical complexity of MEG activity. Statistically significant differences between AD patients and controls were obtained with all parameters (p < 0.01). In addition, statistically significant differences between MCI subjects and controls were achieved by ED and LMC (p < 0.05). In order to assess the diagnostic ability of the parameters, a linear discriminant analysis with a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure was applied. The accuracies reached 83.9% and 65.9% to discriminate AD and MCI subjects from controls, respectively. Our findings suggest that MCI subjects exhibit an intermediate pattern of abnormalities between normal aging and AD. Furthermore, the proposed parameters provide a new description of brain dynamics in AD and MCI
Conjugated Azomethine Ylides

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides is an efficient and versatile tool for the construction of five-membered nitrogen-heterocycles. When the azomethine ylide is conjugated with a double bond or a 1,3-diene moiety, other reactivity pathways are also available, namely 1,5-electrocyclization or 1,7-electrocyclization. The present review is focused on the generation and reactivity of this type of dipoles, which offer general strategies for the formation of five- and seven-membered nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.20050089
Functional changes of the reward system underlie blunted response to social gaze in cocaine users

Social interaction deficits in drug users likely impede treatment, increase the burden of the affected families, and consequently contribute to the high costs for society associated with addiction. Despite its significance, the neural basis of altered social interaction in drug users is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated basal social gaze behavior in cocaine users by applying behavioral, psychophysiological, and functional brain-imaging methods. In study I, 80 regular cocaine users and 63 healthy controls completed an interactive paradigm in which the participants’ gaze was recorded by an eye-tracking device that controlled the gaze of an anthropomorphic virtual character. Valence ratings of different eye-contact conditions revealed that cocaine users show diminished emotional engagement in social interaction, which was also supported by reduced pupil responses. Study II investigated the neural underpinnings of changes in social reward processing observed in study I. Sixteen cocaine users and 16 controls completed a similar interaction paradigm as used in study I while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. In response to social interaction, cocaine users displayed decreased activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a key region of reward processing. Moreover, blunted activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with a decreased social network size, reflecting problems in real-life social behavior because of reduced social reward. In conclusion, basic social interaction deficits in cocaine users as observed here may arise from altered social reward processing. Consequently, these results point to the importance of reinstatement of social reward in the treatment of stimulant addiction