pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Past: The Paleoethnological Evidence

This chapter considers the earliest Paleolithic, Oldowan (Mode 1), and Acheulean (Mode 2)\ud
cultures of the Old Continent and the traces left by the earliest hominids since their departure\ud
from Africa. According to the most recent archaeological data, they seem to have followed two\ud
main dispersal routes across the Arabian Peninsula toward the Levant, to the north, and the Indian\ud
subcontinent, to the east. According to recent discoveries at Dmanisi in the Caucasus, the first\ud
Paleolithic settlement of Europe is dated to some 1.75 Myr ago, which indicates that the first “out of\ud
Africa” took place at least slightly before this date. The data available for Western Europe show\ud
that the first Paleolithic sites can be attributed to the period slightly before 1.0 Myr ago. The first\ud
well-defined “structural remains” so far discovered in Europe are those of Isernia La Pineta in\ud
Southern Italy, where a semicircular artificial platform made of stone boulders and animal bones\ud
has been excavated. The first hand-thrown hunting weapons come from the site of Scho¨ningen in\ud
north Germany, where the first occurrence of wooden spears, more than 2 m long, has been\ud
recorded from a site attributed to some 0.37 Myr ago. Slightly later began the regular control of\ud
fire. Although most of the archaeological finds of these ages consist of chipped stone artifacts,\ud
indications of art seem to be already present in the Acheulean of Africa and the Indian\ud
subcontinent
Xenocryst assimilation and formation of peritectic crystals during magma contamination: An experimental study

International audienceContamination of magmas by country rocks may contribute xenoliths and xenocrysts to the magma, but also melt and peritectic crystals that form through incongruent melting or dissolution of the original contaminants. Identifying contaminant-derived peritectic crystals and former melt components in igneous rocks is particularly challenging, but also particularly important, because their assimilation significantly affects melt composition and magma temperature. To facilitate the identification of peritectic crystals in igneous rocks, the aim of this study was to experimentally control partial assimilation of xenocrysts and examine the formation, textures, and composition of resulting peritectic crystals. Our experiments mimic contaminant melting and contamination of a partially crystallized basaltic andesite by melanorite- and monzodiorite-derived xenocrysts and micro-xenoliths. Micro-xenoliths and xenocrysts partially survive assimilation, and yet peritectic crystals form ~ 1/3 of all solid contaminants. Anhydrous xenocrysts either develop laterally continuous, subhedral to euhedral, and inclusion-poor overgrowths, or progressively decompose. Hydrous and partially altered xenocrysts decompose to peritectic crystals. The peritectic crystals form clusters of subhedral to euhedral, randomly-oriented olivine, clinopyroxene, olivine–plagioclase, and olivine–plagioclase–clinopyroxene that texturally resemble primary magmatic crystals. We propose that natural peritectic crystals with short residence times form clusters of one or more minerals with textures as those of our experiments, and that peritectic crystals with longer residence times likely anneal to subhedral or euhedral single crystals or coarse-grained mineral clusters. They hold crucial evidence for largely assimilated country-rock components and estimates of open-system magma evolution, but the longer their magma residence time the more easily they are overlooked
Invasion of a Sphagnum-peatland by Betula spp and Molinia caerulea impacts organic matter biochemistry. Implication for carbon and nutrient cycling.

Article AcceptedInternational audiencePeatland act as a sink of carbon (C) through the conservation of dead remains of plants. Under global changes triggered by human activities, it is not only the sink capacity of peatland that is in danger, but also the C already stored. Invasion of Sphagnum peatlands, mainly by Molinia caerulea and Betula spp, is a growing preoccupation. This study aims to assess the extent of the influence of such invasion on the biochemical characteristics of the peat. Elemental analysis and Rock Eval pyrolysis parameters were measured in 50 cm profiles collected in invaded and intact plots. The results showed that Oxygen Index (OI) can be used to detect new C substrate injection as such new materials have a lower OI than Sphagnum spp and Sphagnum peat. Differences in terms of water table level and nutrient status are suggested to be of great importance to determine the fate of surface and deep new C input. This study stimulates new investigation testing a possible priming effect triggered by the invading vegetation and using stochiomeric constrain as a theoretical framework
Nanotribology of nacre: Anisotropic dissipation in a multiscale hybrid material

International audienceSheet nacre (so-called mother-of-pearl) is a hybrid biocomposite with a multiscale structure including nanograins of calcium carbonate (97 wt%-40 nm in size) and two organic matrices: (i) the "intracrystalline" (mainly composed by silk-fibroin-like proteins), and (ii) the "interlaminar" one (mainly composed of β-chitin and proteins). Micro/nanotribological behaviour was investigated on sheet nacre displaying various configurations (so-called face-on and edge-on), by varying the orientation of the matrices vs. the sliding direction. Different levels of frictional dissipated energy were observed as a function of both: (i) the type of matrix which is involved in the dissipation mechanism (intracrystalline or interlaminar), and (ii) the orientation of the matrices themselves vs. the sliding direction. These various dissipative ways can involve either, multiscale wear processes entailing the both matrices, or irreversible deformation only, without any wear process. They have been identified and explained by considering the double composite structure of sheet nacre
Massive color-octet bosons and the charge asymmetries of top quarks at hadron colliders

Several models predict the existence of heavy colored resonances decaying to top quarks in the TeV energy range that might be discovered at the LHC. In some of those models, moreover, a sizable charge asymmetry of top versus antitop quarks might be generated. The detection of these exotic resonances, however, requires selecting data samples where the top and the antitop quarks are highly boosted, which is experimentally very challenging. We asses that the measurement of the top quark charge asymmetry at the LHC is very sensitive to the existence of excited states of the gluon with axial-vector couplings to quarks. We use a toy model with general flavour independent couplings, and show that a signal can be detected with relatively not too energetic top and antitop quarks. We also compare the results with the asymmetry predicted by QCD, and show that its highest statistical significance is achieved with data samples of top-antitop quark pairs of low invariant masses
Identification of novel macrolides with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and type I and III IFN-augmenting activity in airway epithelium

BACKGROUND: Exacerbations of asthma and COPD are triggered by rhinoviruses. Uncontrolled inflammatory pathways, pathogenic bacterial burden and impaired antiviral immunity are thought to be important factors in disease severity and duration. Macrolides including azithromycin are often used to treat the above diseases, but exhibit variable levels of efficacy. Inhaled corticosteroids are also readily used in treatment, but may lack specificity. Ideally, new treatment alternatives should suppress unwanted inflammation, but spare beneficial antiviral immunity. METHODS: In the present study, we screened 225 novel macrolides and tested them for enhanced antiviral activity against rhinovirus, as well as anti-inflammatory activity and activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were grown from 10 asthmatic individuals and the effects of macrolides on rhinovirus replication were also examined. Another 30 structurally similar macrolides were also examined. RESULTS: The oleandomycin derivative Mac5, compared with azithromycin, showed superior induction (up to 5-fold, EC50 = 5-11 μM) of rhinovirus-induced type I IFNβ, type III IFNλ1 and type III IFNλ2/3 mRNA and the IFN-stimulated genes viperin and MxA, yet had no effect on IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA. Mac5 also suppressed rhinovirus replication at 48 h, proving antiviral activity. Mac5 showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, it did not have any antibacterial properties compared with azithromycin when used against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (as a model organism) and also the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Further non-toxic Mac5 derivatives were identified with various anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activities. CONCLUSIONS: The data support the idea that macrolides have antiviral properties through a mechanism that is yet to be ascertained. We also provide evidence that macrolides can be developed with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activity and show surprising versatility depending on the clinical need
‘You’ve got to teach people that racism is wrong and\ud
then they won’t be racist’: Curricular representations\ud
and young people’s understandings of ‘race’ and\ud
racism.

This paper critically examines the discursive (mis) representation of ‘race’ and racism in the formal curriculum. Combining qualitative data derived from interviews with 35 young people who were enrolled in a Dublin-based, ethnically diverse secondary school, with a critical discursive analysis of 20 textbooks, the paper explores parallels between young people’s understandings of ‘race’ and racism and curricular representations of\ud
these constructs. It is argued that the formal education system reinforces, rather than challenges, popular theories of racism, and endorses the ideological framework of colourblind racism by providing definitions and explanations which individualize, minimize, and naturalize racism. The analysis centres around four major inter-related themes: (1) the individualization of racism; (2) the attribution of racism to difference; (3) the role of narratives of denial and redemption in the construction of an ‘anti-racist’ state; and (4) the reification of ‘race’. The final section of the paper seeks to synthesize some of the broader political and ethical consequences and ideological effects of dominant discourses on ‘race’ and racism, and offers some concrete illustrations of how ‘race’ and racism could be re-narrativized in schools
An evaluation of components manufactured from a range of materials, fabricated using PolyJet technology

With advances in additive manufacturing, particularly in the area of three dimensional (3D) printing, it is becoming possible to generate small quantities of functional components. As with all manufacturing technologies, the ability to reproducibly generate parts with defined dimensional accuracy and surface finish is of key importance. This work characterises the ability of one such technology, PolyJet 3D printing, to produce such parts. In order to characterise the output from the manufacturing technique, a test part was designed and manufactured in three alternative materials representative of alternative grades across a commercial range. The designed test part consisted of positive and negative feature types printed both in the direction of, and normal to, the print head traverse direction. The test parts were characterised in terms of dimensional accuracy in three dimensions and also in terms of surface finish. Differences in dimensional accuracy and surface profile were observed depending on the orientation of the feature relative to the print head travel direction
A Panel Data Approach to the Demand for Money and the Effects of Financial Reforms in the Asian Countries

Three panel data estimation methods are used to estimate the cointegrating equations for the demand for money (M1) in 14 developing Asian countries. Tests for the effects of financial reforms are made with estimates for two sub-samples of 1970-1985 and 1986-2005. Our results show that money demand functions in these Asian countries are stable and financial reforms have yet to have any significant effects. This implies that the central banks of these countries should use money supply, instead of the rate of interest, as the monetary policy instrument.
Corruption, institutions and regulation

We analyze the effects of corruption and institutional quality on the quality of business regulation. Our key findings indicate that corruption negatively affects the quality of regulation and that general institutional quality is insignificant once corruption is controlled for. These findings hold over a number of specifications which include additional exogenous historical and geographic controls. The findings imply that policy makers can focus on curbing corruption to improve regulation, over wider institutional reform
Keep writing: the critique of the university in Roberto Bolaño's 2666

Roberto Bolaño's 2666 is a novel that can be situated, aesthetically, within the traditions of utopian fiction and the North American encyclopaedic, postmodern novel. It is also, however, a text that is exemplary of a type of didacticism that cloaks its mechanism behind an overloaded structure. One of the explicit targets of this didacticism is the neoliberal university that, in 2666, is structurally twinned with the police department and is thus complicit in the novel's femicides. This article suggests the ways in which Bolaño's novel attempts to discipline the academy while also outlining its mode of crypto-didacticism. Taking theoretical cues from Theodor W. Adorno and Pierre Bourdieu, this article reads 2666 as a metafictional work that signals its own desire to teach, thereby representing a fresh approach for ethics in the postmodern novel and beyond
European integration and external sustainability of the European Union: an application of the thesis of Feldstein and Horioka

Abstract  The Feldstein–Horioka thesis was considered one of the greatest puzzles in economics. Formulated to measure international capital mobility, it has known a process of immunization to be conformed to empirical evidence and respect econometric knowledge. We apply to EU countries a formulation of this thesis which is adequate to test external sustainability and measure international capital mobility. Applying appropriate econometric methods we can accept the hypothesis of external unsustainability for the EU before the enlargement. The enlargement allows the external sustainability of the new EU. The lesser mobility of capital in the countries of the enlargement must be considered as a positive shock on EU industry of financial services.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11300-008-0164-
WKB Approximation and Krall-Type Orthogonal Polynomials

We give a unified approach to the Krall-type polynomials orthogonal withrespect to a positive measure consisting of an absolutely continuous one‘perturbed’ by the addition of one or more Dirac deltafunctions. Some examples studied by different authors are considered from aunique point of view. Also some properties of the Krall-type polynomials arestudied. The three-term recurrence relation is calculated explicitly, aswell as some asymptotic formulas. With special emphasis will be consideredthe second order differential equations that such polynomials satisfy. Theyallow us to obtain the central moments and the WKB approximation of thedistribution of zeros. Some examples coming from quadratic polynomialmappings and tridiagonal periodic matrices are also studied.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100600651919
Stokes and anti-Stokes photoluminescence towards five different Inx(Al0.17Ga0.83)1–xAs/Al0.17Ga0.83As quantum wells

Stokes and anti-Stokes photoluminescence (AS-PL) has been investigated in a step-graded Inx(Al0.17Ga0.83)1–xAs/Al0.17Ga0.83As quantum-well (QW) heterostructure consisting of five QWs with different x values. Stokes PL spectra of this sample show a significant difference in PL intensity between the wells under indirect excitation conditions due to the existence of competitive resonant and nonresonant capture processes, while they exhibit a rather uniform PL intensity distribution under direct excitation. When the excitation wavelength is tuned to 810 nm for AS-PL detection, it is transparent to the five QWs and thus the photoabsorption can only occur in the GaAs (rear buffer and front cap) layers. It is found that the AS-PL spectra show a similar intensity distribution to the one observed under the indirect excitation. This result means that the AS-PL intensity distribution of the QWs is basically determined by the competitive capture of photoexcited carriers through the thick barriers, generated far from the five wells due to the nonlinear excitation processes in GaAs. ©2005 American Institute of Physic
Effect of laser-welding parameters on the heat input and weld-bead profile

Laser butt-welding of medium carbon steel was investigated using CW 1.5 kW CO2 laser. The effect of laser power (1.2 - 1.43 kW), welding speed (30 - 70 cm/min) and focal point position (-2.5 - 0 mm) on the heat input and the weld-bead geometry (i.e. penetration (P), welded zone width (W) and heat affected zone width (WHAZ)) was investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental plan was based on Box-Behnken design. Linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the heat input and the weld-bead geometry were developed. The results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of welding parameters being used. It is suggested that regression equations can be used to find optimum welding conditions for the desired criteria
Towards predicting post-editing productivity

Machine translation (MT) quality is generally measured via automatic metrics, producing scores that have no meaning for translators who are required to post-edit MT output or for project managers who have to plan and budget for transla- tion projects. This paper investigates correlations between two such automatic metrics (general text matcher and translation edit rate) and post-editing productivity. For the purposes of this paper, productivity is measured via processing speed and cognitive measures of effort using eye tracking as a tool. Processing speed, average fixation time and count are found to correlate well with the scores for groups of segments. Segments with high GTM and TER scores require substantially less time and cognitive effort than medium or low-scoring segments. Future research involving score thresholds and confidence estimation is suggested
The Borrowers: Researching the cognitive aspects of translation

The paper considers the interdisciplinary interaction of research on the cognitive aspects of translation. Examples of influence from linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, reading and writing research and language technology are given, with examples from specific sub-disciplines within each one. The breadth of borrowing by researchers in cognitive translatology is made apparent, but the minimal influence of cognitive translatology on the respective disciplines themselves is also highlighted. Suggestions for future developments are made, including ways in which the domain of cognitive translatology might exert greater influence on other disciplines
A novel particle tracking and break-up detection algorithm: application to the turbulent break-up of bubbles

A new method has been developed to measure experimentally the break-up properties of bubbles. The technique is based on the application of a particle tracking velocimetry algorithm to high-speed video images not only to measure the velocity of the bubbles, but also to detect the break-up events. Thus the algorithm is able to associate every broken bubble with the daughter bubbles formed upon their corresponding break-up. Moreover, the lifetime, as well as the number and size of fragments resulting from the break-up process, can be measured for a large number of bubbles. Statistical processing of the information collected allows us to compute the break-up frequency and daughter size distribution of the bubbles as a function of the bubble size and the mean properties of the base flow. The method has been employed to study the break-up of a cloud of bubbles injected at the central axis of a turbulent water jet. Experimental results for the break-up frequency and daughter bubble size distribution are also presented to illustrate the performance of the technique
Equation of State for laboratory astrophysics applications

New improvements on the calculation of Equation of State (EOS) for laboratory astrophysics applications are presented. A new empirical multiplier for the EOS is included to the original quotidian equation of state (QEOS) model developed by More et al. (Phys. Fluids 31:3059, 1988) to adapt it to the available experimental data and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. This model is used to obtain EOS tables suited for an adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic code with radiation transport for high energy density plasmas simulations called ARWEN introduced by Ogando and Velarde (J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 71(2–6):541, 2001)
Enhancement of up-conversion efficiency by combining rare earth-doped phosphors with PbS quantum dots

This paper aims to enhance the up-conversion phenomena observed in silicon solar cells by combining a rare earth-doped phosphor with PbS quantum dots. Two different ways of adhering the up-converter and the fluorescent material to a bifacial solar cell are implemented: dissolving the powder in a spin-on oxide and by dissolving it in a silicone gel. Characterization is carried out through photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements. The improvement in photocurrent detected by the combination of the up-converter and the PbS quantum dots is 60% better than without them, demonstrating that the absorption and emission characteristics of the quantum dots embedded both in the oxide or the silicone can be tuned to the desired spectral region
Relevance of d-D interactions on neutron and tritium production in IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator prototype

In the IFMIF-EVEDA accelerator prototype, deuterium is implanted in the components due to beam losses and in the beam dump, where the beam is stopped. The interaction of the deuterons with the deuterium previously implanted leads to the production of neutrons and tritium, which are important issues for radioprotection and safety analysis. A methodology to assess these production pathways in more realistic approach has been developed. The new tools and their main achievement are: (i) an “effective diffusivity coefficient” (deduced from available experimental data) that enables simulation of the diffusion phase, and (ii) the MCUNED code (able to handle deuteron transport libraries) allows to simulate the transport-slowdown of deuteron/tritium (to get the concentration profiles) and the neutron/tritium productions from d-Cu and d-D for up to 9 MeV incident deuteron. The results with/without theses tools are presented and their effect on the relevance of d-D sources versus d-Cu is evaluated