pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Life-cycle modification in open oceans accounts for genome variability in a cosmopolitan phytoplankton

International audienceEmiliania huxleyi is the most abundant calcifying plankton in modern oceans with substantial intraspecific genome variability and a biphasic life cycle involving sexual alternation between calcified 2N and flagellated 1N cells. We show that high genome content variability in Emiliania relates to erosion of 1N-specific genes and loss of the ability to form flagellated cells. Analysis of 185 E. huxleyi strains isolated from world oceans suggests that loss of flagella occurred independently in lineages inhabiting oligotrophic open oceans over short evolutionary timescales. This environmentally linked physiogenomic change suggests life cycling is not advantageous in very large/diluted populations experiencing low biotic pressure and low ecological variability. Gene loss did not appear to reflect pressure for genome streamlining in oligotrophic oceans as previously observed in picoplankton. Life-cycle modifications might be common in plankton and cause major functional variability to be hidden from traditional taxonomic or molecular markers
From geochemical baseline studies to characterization and remediation of gas leaks : experiences and case studies of the French institute for risk management (INERIS)

International audienceInvolved in several research projects funded by France and European Union on carbon capture and storage, INERIS has worked for many years on the design, building, testing and field-deployment of gas monitoring devices in soil and subsurface on industrial sites. INERIS has developed a strong experience using self-designed devices dedicated to the characterization of CO2 storages and analogues of natural or anthropogenic CO2-leaking systems. INERIS focuses on the monitoring of gas flux at surface and on the monitoring of gas migration in the subsurface using gas monitoring wells. After many years of worldwide research done by many researchers and industrials it's now time to adopt a 'monitoring -ready' approach. That means to be ready to challenge industrial and stakeholders' expectations for efficient, field-deployable and cheap solutions to perform efficient gas monitoring in the soil and the subsurface. We will here discuss the way INERIS performs surface and subsurface gas measurements to achieve baseline studies on storage sites before injection starts, to ensure monitoring in injection and post-injection phases and to characterize leaking processes that impact surface and urban areas
Dust and gas in luminous proto-cluster galaxies at            z = 4.05: the case for different cosmic dust evolution in normal and          starburst galaxies

International audienceWe measure the dust and gas content of the three submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the          GN20 proto-cluster at z =            4.05 using new IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI) CO(4–3) and          1.2–3.3 mm continuum observations. All these three SMGs are heavily dust obscured, with          UV-based star formation rate (SFR) estimates significantly smaller than the ones derived          from the bolometric infrared (IR), consistent with the spatial offsets revealed by HST and          CO imaging. Based also on evaluations of the specific SFR, CO-to-H2 conversion factor and gas          depletion timescale, we classify all the three galaxies as starbursts (SBs), although with          a lower confidence for GN20.2b that might be a later stage merging event. We place our          measurements in the context of the evolutionary properties of main sequence (MS) and SB          galaxies. ULIRGs have 3–5 times larger           L'CO/Mdust  and Mdust/M⋆          ratios than z =            0 MS galaxies, but by z ~ 2 the difference appears to be blurred,          probably due to differential metallicity evolution. SB galaxies appear to slowly evolve in          their           L'CO/Mdust  and Mdust/M⋆          ratios all the way to z> 6 (consistent with rapid          enrichment of SB events), while MS galaxies rapidly increase in Mdust/M⋆          from z = 0 to          2 (due to gas fraction increase, compensated by a decrease of metallicities). While no          IR/submm continuum detection is available for indisputably normal massive galaxies at            z>            2.5, we show that if metallicity indeed decrease rapidly for these          systems at z> 3 as claimed in the          literature, we should expect a strong decrease of their Mdust/M⋆,          consistent with recent PdBI and ALMA upper limits. We conclude that the Mdust/M⋆          ratio could be a powerful tool for distinguishing starbursts from normal galaxies at            z>            4
Density, structure, and dynamics of water: The effect of van der Waals interactions

The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics 134.2 (2011): 024516 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/134/2/10.1063/1.3521268It is known that ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of liquid water at ambient conditions, based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory (DFT), with commonly used functionals fail to produce structural and diffusive properties in reasonable agreement with experiment. This is true for canonical, constant temperature simulations where the density of the liquid is fixed to the experimental density. The equilibrium density, at ambient conditions, of DFT water has recently been shown by Schmidt et al. [J. Phys. Chem. B, 113, 11959 (2009)] to be underestimated by different GGA functionals for exchange and correlation, and corrected by the addition of interatomic pair potentials to describe van der Waals (vdW) interactions. In this contribution we present a DFT-AIMD study of liquid water using several GGA functionals as well as the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) of Dion et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004)]. As expected, we find that the density of water is grossly underestimated by GGA functionals. When a vdW-DF is used, the density improves drastically and the experimental diffusivity is reproduced without the need of thermal corrections. We analyze the origin of the density differences between all the functionals. We show that the vdW-DF increases the population of non-H-bonded interstitial sites, at distances between the first and second coordination shells. However, it excessively weakens the H-bond network, collapsing the second coordination shell. This structural problem is partially associated to the choice of GGA exchange in the vdW-DF. We show that a different choice for the exchange functional is enough to achieve an overall improvement both in structure and diffusivityThe work at Stony Brook University was supported by DOE award numbers DE-FG02-09ER16052, DE-SC0003871 and DE-FG02-08ER46550 and the work in Madrid by MCI Grant No. FIS2009-12712. This research utilized resources at the New York Center for Computational Sciences at Stony Brook University/Brookhaven National Laboratory which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and by the State of New York
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2013.6 (2013): 033 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1. Each leptoquark is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b-quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Third generation leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 534Ge
The richest superclusters : I Morphology

Context.Superclusters are the largest systems in the Universe to give us information about the formation and evolution of structures in the very early Universe. Our present series of papers is devoted to the study of the morphology and internal structure of superclusters of galaxies.  Aims. We study the morphology of the richest superclusters from the catalogs of superclusters of galaxies in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and compare the morphology of real superclusters with model superclusters in the Millennium Simulation.  Methods.We use Minkowski functionals and shapefinders to quantify the morphology of superclusters: their sizes, shapes, and clumpiness. We generate empirical models of simple geometry to understand which morphologies correspond to the supercluster shapefinders (Appendix A).  Results. Rich superclusters have elongated, filamentary shapes with high-density clumps in their core regions. The clumpiness of superclusters is determined using the fourth Minkowski functional V3. In the K1-K2 shapefinder plane the morphology of superclusters is described by a curve which is characteristic of multi-branching filaments as shown by our empirical models. We found several differences between observed and model superclusters. The curves of the fourth Minkowski functional V3 for observed and model superclusters have different shapes indicating that their structure is different. The values of V3 for the supercluster SCL126 (the Sloan Great Wall) show that this supercluster has a very high density core which is absent in other superclusters. The values of the shapefinders H1-H3 and K1 and K2 for observed superclusters have much larger scatter than for model superclusters. The differences between the fourth Minkowski functional V3 for the bright and faint galaxies in observed superclusters are larger than in simulated superclusters.\ud
Conclusions.Our results show how the Minkowski functionals and shapefinders can be used to describe the morphology of superclusters: their shapes, sizes and clumpiness. The shapes of observed superclusters are more diverse than the shapes of simulated superclusters. The larger scatter of the fourth Minkowski functional V3 for the bright and faint galaxies for observed superclusters compared to simulated superclusters is an indication that the clumpiness of bright and faint galaxies in models does not reflect well the clumpiness of different galaxies in observed superclusters. Our results suggest also that the volume covered by the Millennium Simulations may be too small to properly describe the large morphological variety of superclusters.Martinez Garcia, Vicent Josep, vicent.martinez@uv.e
Non-perturbatively renormalised light quark masses from a lattice simulation with N(f) = 2

We present results for the light quark masses obtained from a lattice QCD simulation with N-f = 2 degenerate Wilson dynamical quark flavours. The sea quark masses of our lattice, of spacing a similar or equal to 0.06 fm, are relatively heavy, i.e., they cover the range corresponding to 0.60 less than or similar to M-p/M-V less than or similar to 0.75. After implementing the non-perturbative RI-MOM method to renormalise quark masses, we obtain m(ud)((MS) over bar)(2 GeV)= 4.3 +/- 0.4(-0)(+1.1) MeV, and m(s)((MS) over bar)(2 GeV) = 101 +/- 8(-0)(+25) MeV, which are about 15% larger than they would be if renormalised perturbatively. In addition, we show that the above results are compatible with those obtained in a quenched simulation with a similar lattice
Neutral Higgs sector of the MSSM without R-p

We analyse the neutral scalar sector of the MSSM without R-parity. Our analysis is performed for a one-generation model in terms of 'basis-independent' parameters, and includes one-loop corrections due to large Yukawa couplings. We concentrate on the consequences of large R-p violating masses in the soft sector, which mix the higgses with the sleptons, because these are only constrained by their one-loop contributions to neutrino masses. We focus on the effect of R-p-violation on the Higgs mass and branching ratios. We find that the experimental lower bound on the lightest CP-even Higgs in this model can be lower than in the MSSM
Collinear splitting, parton evolution and the strange-quark asymmety of the nucleon in NNLO QCD

We consider the collinear limit of QCD amplitudes at one-loop order, and their factorization properties directly in colour space. These results apply to the multiple collinear limit of an arbitrary number of QCD partons, and are a basic ingredient in many higher-order computations. In particular, we discuss the triple collinear limit and its relation to flavour asymmetries in the QCD evolution of parton densities at three loops. As a phenomenological consequence of this new effect, and of the fact that the nucleon has non-vanishing quark valence densities, we study the perturbative generation of a strange--antistrange asymmetry s(x)−s¯(x) in the nucleon's sea
Supersymmetry unification predictions for m(top), V(cb) and tan(beta)

We study the predictions for M_top, tan(beta) and V_cb in a popular texture ansatze for the fermion mass matrices. We do this both for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and for the simplest model (MSSM-BRpV) where a bilinear R-Parity violating term is added to the superpotential. We find that taking the experimental values for M_top and V_cb at 99 % C.L. and the GUT relations h_b=h_tau and (V_cb)^2=h_c/h_t within 5 %, the large tan(beta) solution, characteristic in the MSSM with bottom--tau unification, becomes disallowed. In contrast the corresponding allowed region for the MSSM-BRpV is slightly larger. We also find that important modifications occur if we relax the texture conditions at the GUT scale. For example, if the GUT relations are imposed at 40 %, the large tan(beta) branch in the MSSM becomes fully allowed. In addition, in MSSM-BRpV the whole tan(beta)-M_top plane become allowed, finding unification at any value of tan(beta)
Synthesis of some Novel 1-(Substituted Phenyl)-2-(4-(Trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazol-1-YL) Ketones

t A facile and highly efficient method for the regioselective one-pot synthesis of a\ud
series of novel 1-(substituted phenyl)-2-(4-(trimethylsilyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ketones from\ud
2-bromo-1-(substituted phenyl)ketones, sodium azide, and trimethylsilyl acetylene, through\ud
Cu (I) catalyzed 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is reported. The reaction proceeds\ud
smoothly in 40% aqueous acetone at room temperature without the use of any additive. Regioselectivity\ud
privileges the formation of the corresponding C-4 silylated-1,2,3-triazoles in high\ud
yields in all instances. The methodology offers an entry to new 1,2,3-triazolyl-4-trimethylsilyl\ud
anionic synthon scaffolds
XQ-100: A legacy survey of one hundred 3.5 < z < 4.5 quasars observed
  with VLT/XSHOOTER

We describe the execution and data reduction of the European Southern
Observatory Large Programme "Quasars and their absorption lines: a legacy
survey of the high-redshift universe with VLT/XSHOOTER" (hereafter `XQ-100').
XQ-100 has produced and made publicly available an homogeneous and high-quality
sample of echelle spectra of 100 QSOs at redshifts z~3.5-4.5 observed with full
spectral coverage from 315 to 2500 nm at a resolving power ranging from R~4000
to 7000, depending on wavelength. The median signal-to-noise ratios are 33, 25
and 43, as measured at rest-frame wavelengths 1700, 3000 and 3600 Angstrom,
respectively. This paper provides future users of XQ-100 data with the basic
statistics of the survey, along with details of target selection, data
acquisition and data reduction. The paper accompanies the public release of all
data products, including 100 reduced spectra. XQ-100 is the largest
spectroscopic survey to date of high-redshift QSOs with simultaneous rest-frame
UV/optical coverage, and as such enables a wide range of extragalactic
research, from cosmology and galaxy evolution to AGN astrophysics.Comment: In press at A&A. Table A.2 updated to match the summary table in the
  ESO archiv
Measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at
  $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$
  TeV

The production of beauty hadrons was measured via semi-leptonic decays at
mid-rapidity with the ALICE detector at the LHC in the transverse momentum
interval $1<p_{\rm T}<8$ GeV/$c$ in minimum-bias p-Pb collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV and in $1.3<p_{\rm T}<8$ GeV/$c$ in the 20% most
central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV. The pp reference
spectra at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV, needed for the
calculation of the nuclear modification factors $R_{\rm pPb}$ and $R_{\rm
PbPb}$, were obtained by a pQCD-driven scaling of the cross section of
electrons from beauty-hadron decays measured at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. In the
$p_{\rm T}$ interval $3<p_{\rm T}<8$ GeV/$c$ a suppression of the yield of
electrons from beauty-hadron decays is observed in Pb-Pb compared to pp
collisions. Towards lower $p_{\rm T}$, the $R_{\rm PbPb}$ values increase with
large systematic uncertainties. The $R_{\rm pPb}$ is consistent with unity
within systematic uncertainties and is well described by theoretical
calculations that include cold nuclear matter effects in p-Pb collisions. The
measured $R_{\rm pPb}$ and these calculations indicate that cold nuclear matter
effects are small at high transverse momentum also in Pb-Pb collisions.
Therefore, the observed reduction of $R_{\rm PbPb}$ below unity at high $p_{\rm
T}$ may be ascribed to an effect of the hot and dense medium formed in Pb-Pb
collisions.Comment: 35 pages, 7 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 29,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/305
Functional anatomy of the colonic bioreactor : impact of antibiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial composition in human fecal cylinders

Sections of fecal cylinders were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting 180 bacterial groups. Samples were collected from three groups of women (N = 20 each) treated for bacterial vaginosis with ciprofloxacin + metronidazole. Group A only received the combined antibiotic regimen, whereas the A/Sb group received concomitant Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 treatment, and the A.Sb group received S. boulardii prophylaxis following the 14-day antibiotic course. The number of stool cylinders analyzed was 188 out of 228 in group A, 170 out of 228 in group A/Sb, and 172 out of 216 in group Ash. 
The colonic biomass was organized into a separate mucus layer with no bacteria, a 10-30 mu m broad unstirred transitional layer enriched with bacteria, and a patchy fermentative area that mixed digestive leftovers with bacteria. The antibiotics suppressed bacteria mainly in the fermentative area, whereas abundant bacterial clades retreated to the transitional mucus and survived. As a result, the total concentration of bacteria decreased only by one order. These effects were lasting, since the overall recovery of the microbial mass, bacterial diversity and concentrations were still below pre-antibiotic values 4 months after the end of antibiotic treatment. Sb-prophylaxis markedly reduced antibiotic effects and improved the recovery rates. Since the colon is a sophisticated bioreactor, the study indicated that the spatial anatomy of its biomass was crucial for its function
Minimal D = 7 supergravity and the supersymmetry of Arnold-Beltrami flux branes

In this paper we study some properties of the newly found Arnold-Beltrami flux-brane solutions to the minimal D = 7 supergravity. To this end we first single out the appropriate Free Differential Algebra containing both a gauge 3-form B[3] and a gauge 2-form B[2]: then we present the complete rheonomic parametrization of all the generalized curvatures. This allows us to identify two-brane configurations with Arnold-Beltrami fluxes in the transverse space with exact solutions of supergravity and to analyze the Killing spinor equation in their background. We find that there is no preserved supersymmetry if there are no additional translational Killing vectors. Guided by this principle we explicitly construct Arnold-Beltrami flux two-branes that preserve 0, 1818 and 1414 of the original supersymmetry. Two-branes without fluxes are instead BPS states and preserve 1212 supersymmetry. For each two-brane solution we carefully study its discrete symmetry that is always given by some appropriate crystallographic group Γ. Such symmetry groups Γ are transmitted to the D = 3 gauge theories on the brane world-volume that would occur in the gauge/gravity correspondence. Furthermore we illustrate the intriguing relation between gauge fluxes in two-brane solutions and hyperinstantons in D = 4 topological sigma-model
Defining simple and comprehensive assessment units for CO2 storage in saline formations beneath the UK North Sea and continental shelf.

In the UK, by far the largest CO2 storage opportunities lie offshore. The North Sea in particular has a long and complex geological history, with potential reservoirs geographically widespread and occurring at multiple stratigraphic levels. Diverse storage estimates have been made, using a range of working methods, and yielding different values, e.g. SCCS (2009); Bentham (2006). Consequently the UK Storage Appraisal Project (UKSAP), commissioned and funded by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), is undertaking the most comprehensive assessment to date, using abundant legacy seismic and borehole data. This study has a remit to use best current practice, consistent between locations, to calculate the CO2 storage capacity of the entire UK Continental Shelf (UKCS) within saline aquifers and hydrocarbon fields. The potential storage formations have been subdivided into units for assessment, and filtered to remove units with only a small estimated storage capacity to concentrate resources on more viable units. The size of potential storage units approximate to a power law distribution, similar to that of hydrocarbon fields, with a large number of small units and a small number of large units