pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine and neurotrophic signaling in Huntington's disease:Implications for pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by an extended polyglutamine tract in the huntingtin protein. Circadian, sleep and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances are observed in HD as early as 15 years before clinical disease onset. Disturbances in these key processes result in increased cortisol and altered melatonin release which may negatively impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and contribute to documented neuropathological and clinical disease features. This review describes the normal interactions between neurotrophic factors, the HPA-axis and circadian rhythm, as indicated by levels of BDNF, cortisol and melatonin, and the alterations in these intricately balanced networks in HD. We also discuss the implications of these alterations on the neurobiology of HD and the potential to result in hypothalamic, circadian, and sleep pathologies. Measurable alterations in these pathways provide targets that, if treated early, may reduce degeneration of brain structures. We therefore focus here on the means by which multidisciplinary therapy could be utilised as a non-pharmaceutical approach to restore the balance of these pathways
Assessing dengue vaccination impact: Model challenges and future directions.

In response to the sharp rise in the global burden caused by dengue virus (DENV) over the last few decades, the WHO has set out three specific key objectives in its disease control strategy: (i) to estimate the true burden of dengue by 2015; (ii) a reduction in dengue mortality by at least 50% by 2020 (used as a baseline); and (iii) a reduction in dengue morbidity by at least 25% by 2020. Although various elements will all play crucial parts in achieving this goal, from diagnosis and case management to integrated surveillance and outbreak response, sustainable vector control, vaccine implementation and finally operational and implementation research, it seems clear that new tools (e.g. a safe and effective vaccine and/or effective vector control) are key to success. The first dengue vaccine was licensed in December 2015, Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The WHO has provided guidance on the use of CYD-TDV in endemic countries, for which there are a variety of considerations beyond the risk-benefit evaluation done by regulatory authorities, including public health impact and cost-effectiveness. Population-level vaccine impact and economic and financial aspects are two issues that can potentially be considered by means of mathematical modelling, especially for new products for which empirical data are still lacking. In December 2014 a meeting was convened by the WHO in order to revisit the current status of dengue transmission models and their utility for public health decision-making. Here, we report on the main points of discussion and the conclusions of this meeting, as well as next steps for maximising the use of mathematical models for vaccine decision-making
Hidden chaotic attractors in a class of two-dimensional maps

PublishedJournal ArticleThis paper studies the hidden dynamics of a class of two-dimensional maps inspired by the Hénon map. A special consideration is made to the existence of fixed points and their stabilities in these maps. Our concern focuses on three typical scenarios which may generate hidden dynamics, i.e., no fixed point, single fixed point, and two fixed points. A computer search program is employed to explore the strange hidden attractors in the map. Our findings show that the basins of some hidden attractors are tiny, so the standard computational procedure for localization is unavailable. The schematic exploring method proposed in this paper could be generalized for investigating hidden dynamics of high-dimensional maps.This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11402224, 11202180, 61273106, 11171290, 11401543), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK20151295), the Qin Lan Project of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China, the Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Program for University Prominent Young and Middle-aged Teachers, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUGL150419) and Presidents and the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
Scientific rationale for Saturn's in situ exploration

Remote sensing observations meet some limitations when used to study the bulk atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. A remarkable example of the superiority of in situ probe measurements is illustrated by the exploration of Jupiter, where key measurements such as the determination of the noble gases׳ abundances and the precise measurement of the helium mixing ratio have only been made available through in situ measurements by the Galileo probe. This paper describes the main scientific goals to be addressed by the future in situ exploration of Saturn placing the Galileo probe exploration of Jupiter in a broader context and before the future probe exploration of the more remote ice giants. In situ exploration of Saturn׳s atmosphere addresses two broad themes that are discussed throughout this paper: first, the formation history of our solar system and second, the processes at play in planetary atmospheres. In this context, we detail the reasons why measurements of Saturn׳s bulk elemental and isotopic composition would place important constraints on the volatile reservoirs in the protosolar nebula. We also show that the in situ measurement of CO (or any other disequilibrium species that is depleted by reaction with water) in Saturn׳s upper troposphere may help constraining its bulk O/H ratio. We compare predictions of Jupiter and Saturn׳s bulk compositions from different formation scenarios, and highlight the key measurements required to distinguish competing theories to shed light on giant planet formation as a common process in planetary systems with potential applications to most extrasolar systems. In situ measurements of Saturn׳s stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics, chemistry and cloud-forming processes will provide access to phenomena unreachable to remote sensing studies. Different mission architectures are envisaged, which would benefit from strong international collaborations, all based on an entry probe that would descend through Saturn׳s stratosphere and troposphere under parachute down to a minimum of 10 bar of atmospheric pressure. We finally discuss the science payload required on a Saturn probe to match the measurement requirements.O.M. acknowledges support from CNES. L.N.F. was supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship at the University of Oxford. P.W. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation. O.V. acknowledges support from the KU Leuven IDO project IDO/10/2013 and from the FWO Postdoctoral Fellowship program. A.S.L. and R.H. were supported by the Spanish MICIIN project AYA2012-36666 with FEDER support, PRICIT-S2009/ESP-1496, Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT765-13 and UPV/EHU UFI11/55, G.F. acknowledges support from the Austrian Science Fund FWF via project P24325-N16.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Search for the direct production of charginos, neutralinos and staus in final states with at least two hadronically decaying taus and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for the electroweak associated production of charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, pairs of charginos or pairs of tau sleptons are presented. These processes are characterised by final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons, missing transverse momentum and low jet activity. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess is observed with respect to the predictions from Standard Model processes. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on the masses of the lighter chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino for various hypotheses for the lightest neutralino mass in simplified models. In the scenario of direct production of chargino pairs, with each chargino decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, chargino masses up to 345 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino. For associated production of mass-degenerate charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, both decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, masses up to 410 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
The charmonium dissociation in an “anomalous wind”

We study the charmonium dissociation in a strongly coupled chiral plasma in the presence of magnetic field and axial charge imbalance. This type of plasma carries “anomalous flow” induced by the chiral anomaly and exhibits novel transport phenomena such as chiral magnetic effect. We found that the “anomalous flow” would modify the charmonium color screening length by using the gauge/gravity correspondence. We derive an analytical expression quantifying the “anomalous flow” experienced by a charmonium for a large class of chiral plasma with a gravity dual. We elaborate on the similarity and qualitative difference between anomalous effects on the charmonium color screening length which are model-dependent and those on the heavy quark drag force which are fixed by the second law of thermodynamics. We speculate on the possible charmonium dissociation induced by the chiral anomaly in heavy ion collisions.United States. Department of Energy (Contract No. DE-SC0011090
Search for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in 3.2 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root root s = 13 TeV

A search for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3.2 fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The search is based on observables related to large ionisation losses and slow propagation velocities, which are signatures of heavy charged particles travelling significantly slower than the speed of light. No significant deviations from the expected background are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are provided on the production cross section of long-lived R-hadrons in the mass range from 600 GeV to 2000 GeV and gluino, bottom and top squark masses are excluded up to 1580 GeV, 805 GeV and 890 GeV, respectively.M.Aaboud ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Szegő asymptotics for matrix-valued measures with countably many bound states

AbstractLet μ be a matrix-valued measure with the essential spectrum a single interval and countably many point masses outside of it. Under the assumption that the absolutely continuous part of μ satisfies Szegő’s condition and the point masses satisfy a Blaschke-type condition, we obtain the asymptotic behavior of the orthonormal polynomials on and off the support of the measure.The result generalizes the scalar analogue of Peherstorfer–Yuditskii (2001) [12] and the matrix-valued result of Aptekarev–Nikishin (1983) [1], which handles only a finite number of mass points
Higgsino and wino dark matter from Q-ball decay in Affleck–Dine baryogenesis

AbstractWe claim that the higgsino-like and wino-like neutralinos can be good dark matter candidates if they are produced by the late time decay of Q-ball, which is generally formed in Affleck–Dine baryogenesis. The late time decays of the Q-balls into these LSP's and subsequent pair annihilations of the LSP's naturally lead to the desired mass density of dark matter. Furthermore, these dark matter can be much more easily detected by the dark-matter search experiments than the standard bino-like dark matter
Simplified models for dark matter searches at the LHC

AbstractThis document a59Summary of the discussions and conclusions following from Dark Matter @ LHC 2014, held at Merton College, Oxford, on September 25–27, 2014. outlines a set of simplified models for dark matter and its interactions with Standard Model particles. It is intended to summarize the main characteristics that these simplified models have when applied to dark matter searches at the LHC, and to provide a number of useful expressions for reference. The list of models includes both s-channel and t-channel scenarios. For s-channel, spin-0 and spin-1 mediations are discussed, and also realizations where the Higgs particle provides a portal between the dark and visible sectors. The guiding principles underpinning the proposed simplified models are spelled out, and some suggestions for implementation are presented
Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis

SummaryBackgroundData for the causes of maternal deaths are needed to inform policies to improve maternal health. We developed and analysed global, regional, and subregional estimates of the causes of maternal death during 2003–09, with a novel method, updating the previous WHO systematic review.MethodsWe searched specialised and general bibliographic databases for articles published between between Jan 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2012, for research data, with no language restrictions, and the WHO mortality database for vital registration data. On the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria, we analysed causes of maternal death from datasets. We aggregated country level estimates to report estimates of causes of death by Millennium Development Goal regions and worldwide, for main and subcauses of death categories with a Bayesian hierarchical model.FindingsWe identified 23 eligible studies (published 2003–12). We included 417 datasets from 115 countries comprising 60 799 deaths in the analysis. About 73% (1 771 000 of 2 443 000) of all maternal deaths between 2003 and 2009 were due to direct obstetric causes and deaths due to indirect causes accounted for 27·5% (672 000, 95% UI 19·7–37·5) of all deaths. Haemorrhage accounted for 27·1% (661 000, 19·9–36·2), hypertensive disorders 14·0% (343 000, 11·1–17·4), and sepsis 10·7% (261 000, 5·9–18·6) of maternal deaths. The rest of deaths were due to abortion (7·9% [193 000], 4·7–13·2), embolism (3·2% [78 000], 1·8–5·5), and all other direct causes of death (9·6% [235 000], 6·5–14·3). Regional estimates varied substantially.InterpretationBetween 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide. More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. These analyses should inform the prioritisation of health policies, programmes, and funding to reduce maternal deaths at regional and global levels. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability and quality of data related to maternal mortality.FundingUSAID, the US Fund for UNICEF through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to CHERG, and The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research
There exist multilinear Bohnenblust–Hille constants (Cn)n=1∞ with limn→∞(Cn+1−Cn)=0

AbstractThe n-linear Bohnenblust–Hille inequality asserts that there is a constant Cn∈[1,∞) such that the ℓ2nn+1-norm of (U(ei1,…,ein))i1,…,in=1N is bounded above by Cn times the supremum norm of U, for any n-linear form U:CN×⋯×CN→C and N∈N (the same holds for real scalars). We prove what we call Fundamental Lemma, which brings new information on the optimal constants, (Kn)n=1∞, for both real and complex scalars. For instance,Kn+1−Kn<0.87n0.473 for infinitely many nʼs. For complex scalars we give a formula (of surprisingly low growth), in which π,e and the famous Euler–Mascheroni constant γ appear:Kn<1+(4π(1−eγ/2−1/2)∑j=1n−1jlog2(e−γ/2+1/2)−1),∀n⩾2. We study the interplay between the Kahane–Salem–Zygmund and the Bohnenblust–Hille (polynomial and multilinear) inequalities and provide estimates for Bohnenblust–Hille-type inequality constants for any exponent q∈[2nn+1,∞)
Predictions of Elliptic flow and nuclear modification factor from 200 GeV U+U collisions at RHIC

AbstractPredictions of elliptic flow (v2) and nuclear modification factor (RAA) are provided as a function of centrality in U+U collisions at sNN=200 GeV. Since the 238U nucleus is naturally deformed, one could adjust the properties of the fireball, density and duration of the hot and dense system, for example, in high energy nuclear collisions by carefully selecting the colliding geometry. Within our Monte Carlo Glauber based approach, the v2 with respect to the reaction plane v2RP in U+U collisions is consistent with that in Au+Au collisions, while the v2 with respect to the participant plane v2PP increases ∼30–60% at top 10% centrality which is attributed to the larger participant eccentricity at most central U+U collisions. The suppression of RAA increases and reaches ∼0.1 at most central U+U collisions that is by a factor of 2 more suppression compared to the central Au+Au collisions due to large size and deformation of Uranium nucleus
Eccentricity and elliptic flow in proton–proton collisions from parton evolution

AbstractIt has been argued that high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions at the LHC may exhibit collective phenomena usually studied in the context of heavy-ion collisions, such as elliptic flow. We study this issue using DIPSY—a Monte Carlo event generator based on the QCD dipole model. We calculate the eccentricity of the transverse area defined by the spatial distribution of produced gluons. The resulting elliptic flow is estimated to be about 6%, comparable to the value in nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC. Experimentally, elliptic flow is inferred from the azimuthal correlation between hadrons, which receives contributions from collective flow, and from various other effects referred to as “nonflow”. We discuss how to identify in experiments the signal of flow in the presence of large nonflow effects
A supersymmetric and smooth compactification of M-theory to AdS5

AbstractWe obtain smooth M-theory solutions whose geometry is a warped product of AdS5 and a compact internal space that can be viewed as an S4 bundle over S2. The bundle can be trivial or twisted, depending on the even or odd values of the two diagonal monopole charges. The solution preserves N=2 supersymmetry and is dual to an N=1, D=4 superconformal field theory, providing a concrete framework to study the AdS5/CFT4 correspondence in M-theory. We construct analogous embeddings of AdS4, AdS3 and AdS2 in massive type IIA, type IIB and M-theory, respectively. The internal spaces have generalized holonomy and can be viewed as Sn bundles over S2 for n=4, 5 and 7. Surprisingly, the dimensions of spaces with generalized holonomy includes D=9. We also obtain a large class of solutions of AdS×H2
Extended MacMahon–Schwingerʼs Master Theorem and conformal wavelets in complex Minkowski space

AbstractWe construct the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) on the homogeneous space (Cartan domain) D4=SO(4,2)/(SO(4)×SO(2)) of the conformal group SO(4,2) (locally isomorphic to SU(2,2)) in 1+3 dimensions. The manifold D4 can be mapped one-to-one onto the future tube domain C+4 of the complex Minkowski space through a Cayley transformation, where other kind of (electromagnetic) wavelets have already been proposed in the literature. We study the unitary irreducible representations of the conformal group on the Hilbert spaces Lh2(D4,dνλ) and Lh2(C+4,dν˜λ) of square integrable holomorphic functions with scale dimension λ and continuous mass spectrum, prove the isomorphism (equivariance) between both Hilbert spaces, admissibility and tight-frame conditions, provide reconstruction formulas and orthonormal basis of homogeneous polynomials and discuss symmetry properties and the Euclidean limit of the proposed conformal wavelets. For that purpose, we firstly state and prove a λ-extension of Schwingerʼs Master Theorem (SMT), which turns out to be a useful mathematical tool for us, particularly as a generating function for the unitary-representation functions of the conformal group and for the derivation of the reproducing (Bergman) kernel of Lh2(D4,dνλ). SMT is related to MacMahonʼs Master Theorem (MMT) and an extension of both in terms of Louckʼs SU(N) solid harmonics is also provided for completeness. Convergence conditions are also studied
Serial, Covert Shifts of Attention during Visual Search Are Reflected by the Frontal Eye Fields and Correlated with Population Oscillations

SummaryAttention regulates the flood of sensory information into a manageable stream, and so understanding how attention is controlled is central to understanding cognition. Competing theories suggest visual search involves serial and/or parallel allocation of attention, but there is little direct, neural evidence for either mechanism. Two monkeys were trained to covertly search an array for a target stimulus under visual search (endogenous) and pop-out (exogenous) conditions. Here, we present neural evidence in the frontal eye fields (FEF) for serial, covert shifts of attention during search but not pop-out. Furthermore, attention shifts reflected in FEF spiking activity were correlated with 18–34 Hz oscillations in the local field potential, suggesting a “clocking” signal. This provides direct neural evidence that primates can spontaneously adopt a serial search strategy and that these serial covert shifts of attention are directed by the FEF. It also suggests that neuron population oscillations may regulate the timing of cognitive processing
Atypical excitation–inhibition balance in autism captured by the gamma response to contextual modulation

AbstractAtypical visual perception in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is hypothesized to stem from an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. We used neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range (30–90Hz), which emerge from a balanced interaction of excitation and inhibition in the brain, to assess contextual modulation processes in early visual perception. Electroencephalography was recorded in 12 high-functioning adults with ASD and 12 age- and IQ-matched control participants. Oscillations in the gamma frequency range were analyzed in response to stimuli consisting of small line-like elements. Orientation-specific contextual modulation was manipulated by parametrically increasing the amount of homogeneously oriented elements in the stimuli. The stimuli elicited a strong steady-state gamma response around the refresh-rate of 60Hz, which was larger for controls than for participants with ASD. The amount of orientation homogeneity (contextual modulation) influenced the gamma response in control subjects, while for subjects with ASD this was not the case. The atypical steady-state gamma response to contextual modulation in subjects with ASD may capture the link between an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal processing and atypical visual processing in ASD