pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Medical student and junior doctors' tolerance of ambiguity: development of a new scale.

The practice of medicine involves inherent ambiguity, arising from limitations of knowledge, diagnostic problems, complexities of treatment and outcome and unpredictability of patient response. Research into doctors' tolerance of ambiguity is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and inadequate measurement scales. We aimed to create and pilot a measurement scale for tolerance of ambiguity in medical students and junior doctors that addresses the limitations of existing scales. After defining tolerance of ambiguity, scale items were generated by literature review and expert consultation. Feedback on the draft scale was sought and incorporated. 411 medical students and 75 foundation doctors in Exeter, UK were asked to complete the scale. Psychometric analysis enabled further scale refinement and comparison of scale scores across subgroups. The pilot study achieved a 64% response rate. The final 29 item version of the Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) scale had good internal reliability (Cronbach's α 0.80). Tolerance of ambiguity was higher in foundation year 2 doctors than first, third and fourth year medical students (-5.23, P = 0.012; -5.98, P = 0.013; -4.62, P = 0.035, for each year group respectively). The TAMSAD scale offers a valid and reliable alternative to existing scales. Further work is required in different settings and in longitudinal studies but this study offers intriguing provisional insights
Nanoindentation of polysilicon and single crystal silicon: molecular dynamics simulation and experimental validation.

This paper presents novel advances in the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline and single crystal silicon using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and validation of the same via nanoindentation experiments. In order to unravel the mechanism of deformation, four simulations were performed: indentation of a polycrystalline silicon substrate with a (i) Berkovich pyramidal and a (ii) spherical (arc) indenter, and (iii and iv) indentation of a single crystal silicon substrate with these two indenters. The simulation results reveal that high pressure phase transformation (HPPT) in silicon (Si-I to Si-II phase transformation) occurred in all cases; however, its extent and the manner in which it occurred differed significantly between polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon, and was the main driver of differences in the nanoindentation deformation behaviour between these two types of silicon. Interestingly, in polycrystalline silicon, the HPPT was observed to occur more preferentially along the grain boundaries than across the grain boundaries. An automated dislocation extraction algorithm (DXA) revealed no dislocations in the deformation zone, suggesting that HPPT is the primary mechanism in inducing plasticity in silicon.John Moyce Lessells travel scholarship from the Royal Society of Edinburgh, International Research Fellowship account of Queen's University, Belfast and EPSRC research grant (Ref: EP/K018345/1)
Meta-analysis of asthma-related hospitalization in mepolizumab studies of severe eosinophilic asthma.

BACKGROUND: Studies show that mepolizumab can reduce the frequency of clinically significant exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, compared with placebo. However, important events such as hospitalizations and emergency room visits are rare and difficult to characterize in single studies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare hospitalization or hospitalization and/or emergency room visit rates in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab or placebo in addition to standard of care for at least 24 weeks. METHODS: This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. PubMed and the GSK Clinical Study Register were searched for suitable studies. The primary end points were the rate of exacerbations requiring hospitalization and the rate of exacerbations requiring hospitalization/emergency room visit. The proportion of patients with 1 or more event was also assessed. All mepolizumab doses were combined and individual patient-level data were analyzed. RESULTS: Four studies (n = 1388) were eligible for inclusion. Mepolizumab significantly reduced the rate of exacerbations requiring hospitalization (relative rate, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80; P = .004) and hospitalization/emergency room visit (relative rate, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33-0.73; P < .001) versus placebo. Significant reductions of 45% and 38% were also observed for the proportion of patients experiencing 1 or more hospitalization and hospitalization and/or emergency room visit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mepolizumab approximately halved exacerbations requiring hospitalization and/or emergency room visits compared with placebo in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. This treatment addresses a key outcome in a patient population with a high unmet need (GSK Study 204664).Editorial support (in the form of writing assistance, including the development of the initial draft on the basis of author feedback on an initial outline developed by the first author, collating and incorporating author comments on all drafts, grammatical editing, and referencing) was provided by Elizabeth Hutchinson, PhD, of Fishawack Indicia Ltd, funded by GSK.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Coulomb branches for rank 2 gauge groups in 3d N=4 gauge theories

The Coulomb branch of 3-dimensional N = 4 gauge theories is the space of bare and dressed BPS monopole operators. We utilise the conformal dimension to define a fan which, upon intersection with the weight lattice of a GNO-dual group, gives rise to a collection of semi-groups. It turns out that the unique Hilbert bases of these semi-groups are a sufficient, finite set of monopole operators which generate the entire chiral ring. Moreover, the knowledge of the properties of the minimal generators is enough to compute the Hilbert series explicitly. The techniques of this paper allow an efficient evaluation of the Hilbert series for general rank gauge groups. As an application, we provide various examples for all rank two gauge groups to demonstrate the novel interpretation
Genome-wide RNA profiling of long-lasting stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells induced by Yellow Fever vaccination in humans.

The live-attenuated Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine YF-17D induces a broad and polyfunctional CD8 T cell response in humans. Recently, we identified a population of stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells induced by YF-17D that persists at stable frequency for at least 25 years after vaccination. The YF-17D is thus a model system of human CD8 T cell biology that furthermore allows to track and study long-lasting and antigen-specific human memory CD8 T cells. Here, we describe in detail the sample characteristics and preparation of a microarray dataset acquired for genome-wide gene expression profiling of long-lasting YF-specific stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells, compared to the reference CD8 T cell differentiation subsets from total CD8 T cells. We also describe the quality controls, annotations and exploratory analyses of the dataset. The microarray data is available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public repository with accession number GSE65804
Universally Coupled Massive Gravity, III: dRGT-Maheshwari Pure Spin-2, Ogievetsky-Polubarinov and Arbitrary Mass Terms

Einstein’s equations were derived for a free massless spin-2 field using universal coupling in the 1950-70s by various authors; total stressenergy including gravity’s served as a source for linear free field equations. A massive variant was likewise derived in the late 1960s by Freund, Maheshwari and Schonberg, and thought to be unique. How broad is universal coupling? In the last decade four 1-parameter families of massive spin-2 theories (contravariant, covariant, tetrad, and cotetrad of almost any density weights) have been derived using universal coupling. The (co)tetrad derivations included 2 of the 3 pure spin-2 theories due to de Rham, Gabadadze, and Tolley; those two theories first appeared in the 2-parameter Ogievetsky-Polubarinov family (1965), which developed the symmetric square root of the metric as a nonlinear group realization. One of the two theories was identified as pure spin-2 by Maheshwari in 1971-2, thus evading the BoulwareDeser-Tyutin-Fradkin ghost by the time it was announced. Unlike the previous 4 families, this paper permits nonlinear field redefinitions to build the effective metric. By not insisting in advance on knowing the observable significance of the graviton potential to all orders, one finds that an arbitrary graviton mass term can be derived using universal coupling. The arbitrariness of a universally coupled mass/selfinteraction term contrasts sharply with the uniqueness of the Einstein kinetic term. One might have hoped to use universal coupling as a tie-breaking criterion for choosing among theories that are equally satisfactory on more crucial grounds (such as lacking ghosts and having a smooth massless limit). But the ubiquity of universal coupling implies that the criterion doesn’t favor any particular theories among those with the Einstein kinetic term.I thank Stanley Deser, Andrew Tolley and Fawad Hassan for discussing Maheshwari’s work, Alex Blum for acquainting me with the Bronstein paper and the Seligman (DeWitt) dissertation, and Jeremy Butterfield for discussion. This work was funded by the John Templeton Foundation, grant #38761.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aop.2015.12.00
Search for low-scale gravity signatures in multi-jet final states with the ATLAS detector at √s = 8 TeV

A search for evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model in final states with multiple high-transverse-momentum jets is performed using 20.3 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No significant excess of events beyond Standard Model expectations is observed, and upper limits on the visible cross sections for non-Standard Model production of multi-jet final states are set. A wide variety of models for black hole and string ball production and decay are considered, and the upper limit on the cross section times acceptance is as low as 0.16 fb at the 95% confidence level. For these models, excluded regions are also given as function of the main model parameters.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at $\sqrt {s} = 8$ TeV

A search for supersymmetry involving events with at least one photon, one electron or muon, and large missing transverse momentum has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$ of pp collisions at $\sqrt {s} = 8$ TeV , produced at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes. The result of the search is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, where the charged and neutral winos are the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particles. Within this model, winos with a mass up to 360 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. Two simplified models inspired by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking are also examined, and used to derive upper limits on the production cross sections of specific supersymmetric processes
Probabilistic opinion pooling generalized. Part one: general agendas

How can several individuals’ probability assignments to some events be aggregated into a collective probability assignment? Classic results on this problem assume that the set of relevant events—the agenda—is a σ-algebra and is thus closed under disjunction (union) and conjunction (intersection). We drop this demanding assumption and explore probabilistic opinion pooling on general agendas. One might be interested in the probability of rain and that of an interest-rate increase, but not in the probability of rain or an interest-rate increase. We characterize linear pooling and neutral pooling for general agendas, with classic results as special cases for agendas that are σ-algebras. As an illustrative application, we also consider probabilistic preference aggregation. Finally, we unify our results with existing results on binary judgment aggregation and Arrovian preference aggregation. We show that the same kinds of axioms (independence and consensus preservation) have radically different implications for different aggregation problems: linearity for probability aggregation and dictatorship for binary judgment or preference aggregation
First observation of the decay Bs0→K⁎0K¯⁎0

AbstractThe first observation of the decay Bs0→K⁎0K¯⁎0 is reported using 35 pb−1 of data collected by LHCb in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. A total of 49.8±7.5 Bs0→(K+π−)(K−π+) events are observed within ±50 MeV/c2 of the Bs0 mass and 746 MeV/c2<mKπ<1046 MeV/c2, mostly coming from a resonant Bs0→K⁎0K¯⁎0 signal. The branching fraction and the CP-averaged K⁎0 longitudinal polarization fraction are measured to be B(Bs0→K⁎0K¯⁎0)=(2.81±0.46(stat.)±0.45(syst.)±0.34(fs/fd))×10−5 and fL=0.31±0.12(stat.)±0.04(syst.)
K-mixing in the doubly mid-shell nuclide 170Dy and the role of vibrational degeneracy

AbstractA detailed study of the structure of the doubly mid-shell nucleus Dy104166170 has been carried out, following isomeric and β decay. We have measured the yrast band up to the spin-parity Jπ=6+ state, the K=2 γ-vibration band up to the 5+ state, a low-lying negative-parity band based on a 2− state that could be a candidate for the lowest energy octupole vibration state within this nucleus, and a candidate for the Kπ=6+ two quasi-particle isomer. This state was determined to have an excitation energy of 1643.91(23) keV and a half life of 0.99(4) μs, with a reduced hindrance for its decay to the ground-state band an order of magnitude lower than predicted by NpNn systematics. This is interpreted as being due to γ-vibrational mixing from a near degeneracy of the isomer and the 6+ state of the γ band. Furthermore, the parent nucleus 170Tb has been determined to have a half-life of 0.91(−13+18) s with a possible spin-parity of 2−
Influence of Evaluation System on Effectiveness of Foreign Students’ Mathematical Education

AbstractThis paper studies the problems of improving the quality of mathematics education of foreign students in Tomsk Polytechnic University. We found out that changes in the evaluation system had provided students progress in studying math. The effectiveness of point rating system introduction is proved according to statistics over the last 5 years. The research involved the application of mathematical statistics, correlation analysis and variance analysis methods. Influence of different evaluation systems on the final grade is shown. We worked out that the studying time started to be used more rationally and the students’ activity increased during the term. Observational results showed a higher level of motivation, orderliness and responsibility. Assessment of the permanent knowledge confirmed the expected results
A search for neutrino–antineutrino mass inequality by means of sterile neutrino oscillometry

AbstractThe investigation of the oscillation pattern induced by the sterile neutrinos might determine the oscillation parameters, and at the same time, allow to probe CPT symmetry in the leptonic sector through neutrino–antineutrino mass inequality. We propose to use a large scintillation detector like JUNO or LENA to detect electron neutrinos and electron antineutrinos from MCi electron capture or beta decay sources. Our calculations indicate that such an experiment is realistic and could be performed in parallel to the current research plans for JUNO and RENO. Requiring at least 5σ confidence level and assuming the values of the oscillation parameters indicated by the current global fit, we would be able to detect neutrino–antineutrino mass inequality of the order of 0.5% or larger, which would imply a signal of CPT anomalies
The structure of K3,3-subdivision-free toroidal graphs

AbstractWe consider the class T of 2-connected non-planar K3,3-subdivision-free graphs that are embeddable in the torus. We show that any graph in T admits a unique decomposition as a basic toroidal graph (the toroidal core) where the edges are replaced by two-pole networks constructed from 2-connected planar graphs. The structure theorem provides a practical algorithm to recognize toroidal graphs with no K3,3-subdivisions in linear time. Labelled toroidal cores are enumerated, using matching polynomials of cycle graphs. As a result, we enumerate labelled graphs in T having vertex degree at least two or three, according to their number of vertices and edges. We also show that the number m of edges of graphs in T satisfies the bound m⩽3n-6, for n⩾6 vertices, n≠8
Designing a WAAM Based Manufacturing System for Defence Applications

AbstractCurrent developments in “Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing” (WAAM) have demonstrated the suitability of the technology for rapid, delocalized and flexible manufacturing. Providing a defence platform with the ability of on-board WAAM capability, would give the platform unique advantages such as improved availability of its systems and ability to recover its capability after being subject to shock. This paper aims to investigate WAAM technology and define a WAAM based manufacturing system for In-platform applications
Chronic exposure to KATP channel openers results in attenuated glucose sensing in hypothalamic GT1-7 neurons

AbstractIndividuals with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) are often exposed to recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia. This reduces hormonal and behavioural responses that normally counteract low glucose in order to maintain glucose homeostasis, with altered responsiveness of glucose sensing hypothalamic neurons implicated. Although the molecular mechanisms are unknown, pharmacological studies implicate hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) activity, with KATP openers (KCOs) amplifying, through cell hyperpolarization, the response to hypoglycaemia. Although initial findings, using acute hypothalamic KCO delivery, in rats were promising, chronic exposure to the KCO NN414 worsened the responses to subsequent hypoglycaemic challenge. To investigate this further we used GT1-7 cells to explore how NN414 affected glucose-sensing behaviour, the metabolic response of cells to hypoglycaemia and KATP activity. GT1-7 cells exposed to 3 or 24 h NN414 exhibited an attenuated hyperpolarization to subsequent hypoglycaemic challenge or NN414, which correlated with diminished KATP activity. The reduced sensitivity to hypoglycaemia was apparent 24 h after NN414 removal, even though intrinsic KATP activity recovered. The NN414-modified glucose responsiveness was not associated with adaptations in glucose uptake, metabolism or oxidation. KATP inactivation by NN414 was prevented by the concurrent presence of tolbutamide, which maintains KATP closure. Single channel recordings indicate that NN414 alters KATP intrinsic gating inducing a stable closed or inactivated state. These data indicate that exposure of hypothalamic glucose sensing cells to chronic NN414 drives a sustained conformational change to KATP, probably by binding to SUR1, that results in loss of channel sensitivity to intrinsic metabolic factors such as MgADP and small molecule agonists
Can one distinguish τ-neutrinos from antineutrinos in neutral-current pion production processes?

AbstractA potential way to distinguish τ-neutrinos from antineutrinos, below the τ-production threshold, but above the pion production one, is presented. It is based on the different behavior of the neutral-current pion production off the nucleon, depending on whether it is induced by neutrinos or antineutrinos. This procedure for distinguishing τ-neutrinos from antineutrinos neither relies on any nuclear model, nor it is affected by any nuclear effect (distortion of the outgoing nucleon waves, etc.). We show that neutrino–antineutrino asymmetries occur both in the totally integrated cross sections and in the pion azimuthal differential distributions. To define the asymmetries for the latter distributions we just rely on Lorentz-invariance. All these asymmetries are independent of the lepton family and can be experimentally measured by using electron or muon neutrinos, due to the lepton family universality of the neutral-current neutrino interaction. Nevertheless and to estimate their size, we have also used the chiral model of [E. Hernández, J. Nieves, M. Valverde, hep-ph/0701149] at intermediate energies. Results are really significant since the differences between neutrino and antineutrino induced reactions are always large in all physical channels
Predicting thermal shape memory of crosslinked polymer networks from linear viscoelasticity

AbstractThe viscoelastic behavior of an amorphous shape memory polymer network and its dependence on time and temperature were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis. The resulting thermo-mechanical behavior was modeled and implemented in a commercial finite element code. The ability of the resulting thermomechanical model to simulate and, eventually, predict the shape storage and shape recovery of the material was evaluated against experimental shape memory thermomechanical torsion data in a large deformation regimen. The simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental shape memory thermomechanical cycle data. This demonstrates the dependence of the shape recovery on time and temperature. The results suggest that accurate predictions of the shape recovery of any amorphous polymer networks under any thermomechanical conditions combination solely depends on considering the material viscoelasticity and its time–temperature dependence
Comparison of isoscalar vector meson production cross sections in proton–proton collisions

AbstractThe reaction pp→ppω was investigated with the TOF spectrometer, which is an external experiment at the accelerator COSY (Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany). Total as well as differential cross sections were determined at an excess energy of 93 MeV (pbeam=2950 MeV/c). Using the total cross section of (9.0±0.7±1.1) μb for the reaction pp→ppω determined here and existing data for the reaction pp→ppϕ, the ratio Rϕ/ω=σϕ/σω turns out to be significantly larger than expected by the Okubo–Zweig–Iizuka (OZI) rule. The uncertainty of this ratio is considerably smaller than in previous determinations. The differential distributions show that the ω production is still dominated by S-wave production at this excess energy, however higher partial waves clearly contribute. A comparison of the measured angular distributions for ω production to published distributions for ϕ production at 83 MeV shows that the data are consistent with an identical production mechanism for both vector mesons
Nonperturbative Bethe–Heitler pair creation in combined high- and low-frequency laser fields

AbstractThe nonperturbative regime of electron–positron pair creation by a relativistic proton beam colliding with a highly intense bichromatic laser field is studied. The laser wave is composed of a strong low-frequency and a weak high-frequency mode, with mutually orthogonal polarization vectors. We show that the presence of the high-frequency field component can strongly enhance the pair-creation rate. Besides, a characteristic influence of the high-frequency mode on the angular and energy distributions of the created particles is demonstrated, both in the nuclear rest frame and the laboratory frame