pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Characterization of tomato Cycling Dof Factors reveals conserved and new functions in the control of flowering time and abiotic stress responses.

DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) transcription factors are involved in multiple aspects of plant growth and development but their precise roles in abiotic stress tolerance are largely unknown. Here we report a group of five tomato DOF genes, homologous to Arabidopsis Cycling DOF Factors (CDFs), that function as transcriptional regulators involved in responses to drought and salt stress and flowering-time control in a gene-specific manner. SlCDF1?5 are nuclear proteins that display specific binding with different affinities to canonical DNA target sequences and present diverse transcriptional activation capacities in vivo. SlCDF1?5 genes exhibited distinct diurnal expression patterns and were differentially induced in response to osmotic, salt, heat, and low-temperature stresses. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SlCDF1 or SlCDF3 showed increased drought and salt tolerance. In addition, the expression of various stress-responsive genes, such as COR15, RD29A, and RD10, were differentially activated in the overexpressing lines. Interestingly, overexpression in Arabidopsis of SlCDF3 but not SlCDF1 promotes late flowering through modulation of the expression of flowering control genes such as CO and FT. Overall, our data connect SlCDFs to undescribed functions related to abiotic stress tolerance and flowering time through the regulation of specific target genes and an increase in particular metabolite
Surface tension and microgravity

The behaviour of confined liquids on board an orbiting spacecraft is mainly driven by surface tension phenomena, which cause an apparently anomalous response of the liquid when compared with the behaviour that can be observed on an Earth laboratory provided that the amount of liquid is high enough. The reason is that in an orbiting spacecraft the different inertial forces acting on the bulk of the liquid are almost zero, causing thus capillary forces to be the dominant ones. Of course, since gravity forces are proportional to the liquid volume, whereas surface tension forces are proportional to the liquid surface, there are situations on Earth where capillarity can be the dominant effect, as it happens when very small volume liquid samples are considered. However, work with small size samples may require the use of sophisticated optical devices. Leaving aside the neutral buoyancy technique, a way of handling large liquid interfaces is by using drop towers, where the sample falls subjected to the action of Earth's gravity. This approach is suitable when the characteristic time of the problem under consideration is much smaller than the drop time. In this work the transformation of an out-of-use chimney into a drop tower is presented. Because of the miniaturization, hardiness and low cost of current electronic devices, a drop tower can be used as an inexpensive tool for undergraduate students to experimentally analyse a large variety of surface tension driven phenomena
A new label fusion method using graph cuts: application to hippocampus segmentation

The aim of this paper is to develop a probabilistic modeling framework for the segmentation of structures of interest from a collection of atlases. Given a subset of registered atlases into the target image for a particular Region of Interest (ROI), a statistical model of appearance and shape is computed for fusing the labels. Segmentations are obtained by minimizing an energy function associated with the proposed model, using a graph-cut technique. We test different label fusion methods on publicly available MR images of human brains
Reinforcement and repair of small sawn Pinus Sylvestris beams with carbon fiber

Refuerzo y reparación de vigas de madera aserrada con sistemas de materiales compuestos (fibra de carbono)-- ABSTRACT:This paper explores the behavior of wooden beams tested to bending up to fracture, and later repaired with bidirectional carbon fiber fabric of two grammage types, placed in one or two layers. In addition, beams reinforced with the same fabrics were tested to flexural strength until fracture in order to compare the results. For this purpose, 21 beams were tested to bending at 3 and 4 points; 13 of these beams did not have any reinforcement, 8 of them were repaired with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and later tested, and the other 8 beams were reinforced but were not submitted to any previous test. Results show that when the appropriate fabric strength, the repaired beams –previously collapsed– support higher loads than those that initially caused them to fracture
Dimensionality and gender-based measurement invariance of the Compassion Scale in a community sample

Compassion has been proposed as relevant to psychological functioning and mental
health, involving being compassionate and caring towards others in times of difficulty.
The Compassion Scale (CS) proposes to assess compassion for others considering its
different dimensions (Kindness; Common humanity; Mindfulness; Indifference;
Separation, and Disengagement) and also offers a total score. The current work
investigated the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of this instrument in
adults (N=610). Results showed the acceptability of a two higher-order factor solution
representing a negative and a positive valence of compassion (i.e., Compassion and
Disconnectedness), with each higher-order factor comprising three different dimensions
of compassion. Multi-group analyses established measurement invariance across
gender; further mean comparison analyses showed that women presented higher levels
of the positive dimensions of compassion, whereas men showed higher levels of the
negative ones. The CS demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability,
and limited validity in relation to external variables. Overall, these findings contribute
to the validation of the CS in a non-clinical adult sample, supporting a new
measurement model that partially concurs with the original one. It thus provides the
user with a new way of assessing and interpreting compassion that may be useful both
in research and clinical settings
Analytical solution for bending stress intensity factor in an orthotropic elastic plate containing a crack and subjected to concentrated moments

The problem of estimating the bending stress distribution in the neighborhood of a crack located on a single line in an orthotropic elastic plate of constant thickness subjected to out-of-plane concentrated moments is examined. Using classical plate theory and integral transform techniques, the general formulae for the bending moment and twisting moment in an elastic plate containing cracks located on a single line are derived. The solution is obtained in a closed form for the case in which there is a single crack in an infinite plate subjected to symmetric concentrated moments
Three-dimensional fractional topological insulators in coupled Rashba layers

We propose a model of three-dimensional topological insulators consisting of weakly coupled electron-and hole-gas layers with Rashba spin-orbit interaction stacked along a given axis. We show that in the presence of strong electron-electron interactions the system realizes a fractional strong topological insulator, where the rotational symmetry and condensation energy arguments still allow us to treat the problem as quasi-one-dimensional with bosonization techniques. We also show that if Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction terms are equally strong, by doping the system with magnetic impurities, one can bring it into the Weyl semimetal phase
Involvement of TRPV3 and TRPM8 ion channel proteins in induction of mammalian cold-inducible proteins

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) and serine and arginine rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) are RNA-binding proteins that are transcriptionally upregulated in response to moderately low temperatures and a variety of cellular stresses in mammalian cells. Induction of these cold-inducible proteins (CIPs) is dependent on transient receptor potential (TRP) V4 channel protein, but seems independent of its ion channel activity. We herein report that in addition to TRPV4, TRPV3 and TRPM8 are necessary for the induction of CIPs. We established cell lines from the lung of TRPV4-knockout (KO) mouse, and observed induction of CIPs in them by western blot analysis. A TRPV4 antagonist RN1734 suppressed the induction in wild-type mouse cells, but not in TRPV4-KO cells. A TRPV3 channel blocker S408271 and a TRPM8 channel blocker AMTB as well as siRNAs against TRPV3 and TRPM8 suppressed the CIP induction in mouse TRPV4-KO cells and human U-2 OS cells. A TRPV3 channel agonist 2-APB induced CIP expression, but camphor did not. Neither did a TRPM8 channel agonist WS-12. These results suggest that TRPV4, TRPV3 and TRPM8 proteins, but not their ion channel activities are necessary for the induction of CIPs at 32 °C. Identification of proteins that differentially interact with these TRP channels at 37 °C and 32 °C would help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CIP induction by hypothermia
The proximate-ultimate distinction and evolutionary developmental biology: Causal irrelevance vs. explanatory abstraction

Mayr’s proximate-ultimate distinction has received renewed interest in recent years. Here we discuss its role in arguments about the relevance of developmental to evolutionary biology. We show that two recent critiques of the proximate-ultimate distinction fail to explain why developmental processes in particular should be of interest to evolutionary biologists. We trace these failures to a common problem: both critiques take the proximate-ultimate distinction to neglect specific causal interactions in nature. We argue that this is implausible, and that the distinction should instead be understood in the context of explanatory abstractions in complete causal models of evolutionary change. Once the debate is reframed in this way, the proximate-ultimate distinction’s role in arguments against the theoretical significance of evo-devo is seen to rely on a generally implicit premise: that the variation produced by development is abundant, small and undirected. We show that a “lean version” of the proximate- ultimate distinction can be maintained even when this isotropy assumption does not hold. Finally, we connect these considerations to biological practice. We show that the investigation of developmental constraints in evolutionary transitions has long relied on a methodology which foregrounds the explanatory role of developmental processes. It is, however, entirely compatible with the lean version of the proximate-ultimate distinction
Grounding, Conceivability, and the Mind-Body Problem

This paper challenges the soundness of the two-dimensional conceivability argument against the derivation of phenomenal truths from physical truths (cf. Chalmers in The conscious mind, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996; The character of consciousness, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010) in light of a hyperintensional regimentation of the ontology of consciousness. The regimentation demonstrates how ontological dependencies between truths about consciousness and about physics cannot be witnessed by epistemic constraints, when the latter are recorded by the conceivability—i.e., the epistemic possibility—thereof. Generalizations and other aspects of the philosophical significance of the hyperintensional regimentation are further examined
Multiscale modeling of a rectifying bipolar nanopore: Comparing Poisson-Nernst-Planck to Monte Carlo

In the framework of a multiscale modeling approach, we present a systematic study of a bipolar rectifying nanopore using a continuum and a particle simulation method. The common ground in the two methods is the application of the Nernst-Planck (NP) equation to compute ion transport in the framework of the implicit-water electrolyte model. The difference is that the Poisson-Boltzmann theory is used in the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) approach, while the Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo (LEMC) method is used in the particle simulation approach (NP+LEMC) to relate the concentration profile to the electrochemical potential profile. Since we consider a bipolar pore which is short and narrow, we perform simulations using two-dimensional PNP. In addition, results of a non-linear version of PNP that takes crowding of ions into account are shown. We observe that the mean field approximation applied in PNP is appropriate to reproduce the basic behavior of the bipolar nanopore (e.g., rectification) for varying parameters of the system (voltage, surface charge, electrolyte concentration, and pore radius). We present current data that characterize the nanopore's behavior as a device, as well as concentration, electrical potential, and electrochemical potential profiles
Fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs

Original paper can be found at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/1094.jsp Copyright American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.3099100Precise measurements of the fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are key to understanding the physics underlying their formation and evolution. While there has been great progress over the last decade in studying the bulk spectrophotometric properties of low-mass objects, direct determination of their masses, radii, and temperatures have been very sparse. Thus, theoretical predictions of low-mass evolution and ultracool atmospheres remain to be rigorously tested. The situation is alarming given that such models are widely used, from the determination of the low-mass end of the initial mass function to the characterization of exoplanets.An increasing number of mass, radius, and age determinations are placing critical constraints on the physics of low-mass objects. A wide variety of approaches are being pursued, including eclipsing binary studies, astrometric-spectroscopic orbital solutions, interferometry, and characterization of benchmark systems. In parallel, many more systems suitable for concerted study are now being found, thanks to new capabilities spanning both the very widest (all-sky surveys) and very narrowest (diffraction-limited adaptive optics) areas of the sky. This Cool Stars 15 splinter session highlighted the current successes and limitations of this rapidly growing area of precision astrophysics
Compartmentation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the perfused rat heart

Developing methods that can detect compartmentation of metabolic pathways in intact tissues may be important for understanding energy demand and supply. In this study, we investigated compartmentation of glycolysis and glycogenolysis in the isolated perfused rat heart using 13C NMR isotopomer analysis. Rat hearts previously depleted of myocardial glycogen were perfused with 5.5 mm [U-13C]glucose plus 50 mU/mL insulin until newly synthesized glycogen recovered to new steady-state levels (sim60% of pre-depleted values). After a short wash-out period, the perfusate glucose was then switched to [1-13C]glucose, and glycolysis and glycogenolysis were stimulated by addition of glucagon (1 mug/ml). A 13C NMR multiplet analysis of the methyl resonance of lactate provided an estimate of pyruvate derived from glucose vs glycogen while a multiplet analysis of the C4 resonance of glutamate provided an estimate of acetyl-CoA derived from glycolytic pyruvate vs glycogenolytic pyruvate. These two indices were not equivalent and their difference was further magnified in the presence of insulin during the stimulation phase. These combined observations are consistent with functional compartmentation of glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes that allows pyruvate generated by these two processes to be distinguished at the level of lactate and acetyl-CoA. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.86
Octopus: a tool for the application of time-dependent density functional theory

We report on the background, current status, and current lines of development of the octopus project. This program materializes the main equations of density-functional theory in the ground state, and of time-dependent density-functional theory for dynamical effects. The focus is nowadays placed on the optical (i.e. electronic) linear response properties of nanostructures and biomolecules, and on the non-linear response to high-intensity fields of finite systems, with particular attention to the coupled ionic-electronic motion (i.e. photo-chemical processes). In addition, we are currently extending the code to the treatment of periodic systems (both to one-dimensional chains, two-dimensional slabs, or fully periodic solids), magnetic properties (ground state properties and excitations), and to the field of quantum-mechanical transport or ldquomolecular electronics.rdquo In this communication, we concentrate on the development of the methodology: we review the essential numerical schemes used in the code, and report on the most recent implementations, with special attention to the introduction of adaptive coordinates, to the extension of our real-space technique to tackle periodic systems, and on large-scale parallelization. More information on the code, as well as the code itself, can be found at . (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.20064206
5,15-Diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrinato-manganese(III) chlorides as probes for structure-activity relationships in porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts

Manganese complexes of 5,15-diaryl-beta-substituted-porphyrins were prepared and their behaviour as oxidation catalysts was studied. The role of the pyrrolic and meso-substituents on the activity and selectivity of these catalysts was studied to reveal new structure-activity relationships in these porphyrin-based epoxidation catalysts. The beneficial effect of the halogen atoms at the meso-phenyls is still observed with these catalysts but, for the first time, a strong dependence on the selectivity of the epoxide production was found to be dependent on the nature of the non-halogen substituents at the beta-pyrrolic positions of the porphyrin. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpp.55
Sensitivity Analysis of a Nonlinear Obstacle Plate Problem

We analyse the sensitivity of the solution of a nonlinear obstacle plate problem, with respect to small perturbations of the middle plane of the plate. This analysis, which generalizes the results of Rao and Sokolowski 1987, Rockafeller 1989 for the linear case, is done by application of an abstract variational result Levy 1999, where the sensitivity of parameterized variational inequalities in Banach spaces, without uniqueness of solution, is quantified in terms of a generalized derivative, that is the proto-derivative. We prove that the hypotheses required by this abstract sensitivity result are verified for the nonlinear obstacle plate problem. Namely, the constraint set defined by the obstacle is polyhedric and the mapping involved in the definition of the plate problem, considered as a function of the middle plane of the plate, is semi-differentiable. The verification of these two conditions enable to conclude that the sensitivity is characterized by the proto-derivative of the solution mapping associated with the nonlinear obstacle plate problem, in terms of the solution of a variational inequality.PRAXIS/PCEX/C/MAT/38/96 \Variational Models and Optimization", and Sapiens Proj99,
No. 34471 \Nonlinear Partial Di erential Equations and Interfaces Problems" of the Ministry of Science and Technology of
Portuga
Composite Leptoquarks at the LHC

If electroweak symmetry breaking arises via strongly-coupled physics, the
observed suppression of flavour-changing processes suggests that fermion masses
should arise via mixing of elementary fermions with composite fermions of the
strong sector. The strong sector then carries colour charge, and may contain
composite leptoquark states, arising either as TeV scale resonances, or even as
light, pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. The latter, since they are coupled to
colour, get a mass of the order of several hundred GeV, beyond the reach of
current searches at the Tevatron. The same generic mechanism that suppresses
flavour-changing processes suppresses leptoquark-mediated rare processes,
making it conceivable that the many stringent constraints may be evaded. The
leptoquarks couple predominantly to third-generation quarks and leptons, and
the prospects for discovery at LHC appear to be good. As an illustration, a
model based on the Pati-Salam symmetry is described, and its embedding in
models with a larger symmetry incorporating unification of gauge couplings,
which provide additional motivation for leptoquark states at or below the TeV
scale, is discussed.Comment: 10 pp, version to appear in JHE
Galileons Coupled to Massive Gravity: General Analysis and Cosmological
  Solutions

We further develop the framework for coupling galileons and Dirac-Born-Infeld
(DBI) scalar fields to a massive graviton while retaining both the non-linear
symmetries of the scalars and ghost-freedom of the theory. The general
construction is recast in terms of vielbeins which simplifies calculations and
allows for compact expressions. Expressions for the general form of the action
are derived, with special emphasis on those models which descend from maximally
symmetric spaces. We demonstrate the existence of maximally symmetric solutions
to the fully non-linear theory and analyze their spectrum of quadratic
fluctuations. Finally, we consider self-accelerating cosmological solutions and
study their perturbations, showing that the vector and scalar modes have
vanishing kinetic terms
The analog Resistive Plate Chamber detector of the ARGO-YBJ experiment

The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking from November 2007
till February 2013 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (4300 m a.s.l.).
The detector consists of a single layer of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) (
about 6700 m^2}) operated in streamer mode. The signal pick-up is obtained by
means of strips facing one side of the gas volume. The digital readout of the
signals, while allows a high space-time resolution in the shower front
reconstruction, limits the measurable energy to a few hundred TeV. In order to
fully investigate the 1-10 PeV region, an analog readout has been implemented
by instrumenting each RPC with two large size electrodes facing the other side
of the gas volume. Since December 2009 the RPC charge readout has been in
operation on the entire central carpet (about 5800 m^2). In this configuration
the detector is able to measure the particle density at the core position where
it ranges from tens to many thousands of particles per m^2. Thus ARGO-YBJ
provides a highly detailed image of the charge component at the core of air
showers. In this paper we describe the analog readout of RPCs in ARGO-YBJ and
discuss both the performance of the system and the physical impact on the EAS
measurements