pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Paradise postponed? For a judge-led generic model of international criminal procedure and an and to ‘draft-as-you-go’.

Since 1945, international criminal justice has been one continuous construction site, an expression of the attitude of international stakeholders and policy-makers that favours temporary solutions to contemporary problems. Even with the creation of the ICC that has not really changed. This chapter will set out a few fundamental and rather radical ideas that aim at initiating a thorough rethinking of the way criminal proceedings at the international level are regulated and run today. It sees itself very much as a call for a principled re-evaluation and for a move away from the attempts of the last two decades of arriving at a genuine amalgam of diverse systems by the method of judicial trial and error. The existing model(s) is/are an exemplary expression of the temporariness of international law, because it/they proceed(s) from a refusal by international law-makers to engage in drafting a permanent model that retains fairness standards while striving for maximum efficiency and that is meant to be applied across the board to any (new) tribunal—an approach that would lead to much greater certainty of law than is currently the case because of an increase in cross-institutional comparability. The chapter contends that while both adversarial and judge-led systems in their own national settings can achieve comparable levels of fairness, they differ in efficiency and that a judge-led model is better suited for the international arena and should be made the foundation for any future permanent procedural framework. However, the temporary nature of the present system which mainly uses adversarial models is based to a large extent on an unprincipled reliance on supposedly ‘ready-made’ and ‘tried and tested’ solutions from as well as the experience of staff employed at previous tribunals. The use of the adversarial model is thus not based on a principled evaluation of its usefulness and effectiveness in the international context but on a default attitude of the lawyers creating and populating international tribunals, and possibly the diplomatic community in the wider sense
He was not alone: Bosman in context

The printed version of ‘He was not alone: Bosman in context’  by Borja García was published as a chapter in ‘The Legacy of Bosman. Revisiting the Relationship between EU Law and Sport (Antoine Duval, Ben Van Rompuy, Eds.), T.M.C. Asser Press 2016, ISBN: 978-94-625-120-3, http://www.asser.nl/asserpress/books/This chapter analyses the social, political, historical and economic context of the Bosman case. The chapter argues that Bosman needs to be understood as yet another stage of a continued process of commercialisation and transformation in European football. Football players fought to transform their employment conditions since the 1960s. Clubs questioned the legitimacy of UEFA to regulate European football and organise club competitions as they wanted a larger share of the commercial profits of the game. Finally, political institutions in Brussels started to exert pressure on football governing bodies to modify the international transfer system. The chapter argues that, taking these into account, major transformations in the governance and regulation structures of football were needed, and they would have happened even without the Bosman ruling. Consequently, Bosman cannot be seen, on its own, as the only cause of the transformation of modern football in Europe. Finally, the chapter dedicates some space to Jean Marc Bosman’s legal team composed by Luc Misson and Jean Louis Dupont. It was their legal expertise what made a challenge before the Belgian and European courts also possible
Hierarchical Role-Based Access Control with Homomorphic Encryption for
  Database as a Service

Database as a service provides services for accessing and managing customers
data which provides ease of access, and the cost is less for these services.
There is a possibility that the DBaaS service provider may not be trusted, and
data may be stored on untrusted server. The access control mechanism can
restrict users from unauthorized access, but in cloud environment access
control policies are more flexible. However, an attacker can gather sensitive
information for a malicious purpose by abusing the privileges as another user
and so database security is compromised. The other problems associated with the
DBaaS are to manage role hierarchy and secure session management for query
transaction in the database. In this paper, a role-based access control for the
multitenant database with role hierarchy is proposed. The query is granted with
least access privileges, and a session key is used for session management. The
proposed work protects data from privilege escalation and SQL injection. It
uses the partial homomorphic encryption (Paillier Encryption) for the
encrypting the sensitive data. If a query is to perform any operation on
sensitive data, then extra permissions are required for accessing sensitive
data. Data confidentiality and integrity are achieved using the role-based
access control with partial homomorphic encryption.Comment: 11 Pages,4 figures, Proceedings of International Conference on ICT
  for Sustainable Developmen
The Chinese model of teacher education: The humanist way for Chinese learners, teachers and schools

The Chinese model of teacher education is conceptualized by critically revisiting the developmental trajectory of the teacher education system in China over a century, and re-examining current provisions and latest challenges of teacher education in China since the 1990s. It interrogates the Chinese model of teacher education with two macro lenses: the historical and the comparative. The historical lens looks deeply into the Chinese way of reform with a catch-up mentality in various stages, while the comparative lens locates the Chinese model of teacher education in an international context. The chapter conceptualizes the Chinese model or Chineseness of teacher education with four key core features: (1) the Confucian humanist way for individual and societal development; (2) the practicality of Zhong-Yong; (3) institutional openness and diversity; and (4) holistic integration of knowledge and social action. Finally, the chapter concludes that the Chinese model of teacher education with a hybrid system is likely to illuminate new pathways for the development of teacher education and the pursuit of excellence in the global community.postprin
The Chinese University 3.0 in a global age: History, modernity and future

Some contend that almost all universities follow institutional patterns derived from Western models and that all Asian universities are based on European academic models and traditions. However, the Chinese University 3.0 may be exceptional, demonstrating key characteristics of China’s scholarly tradition, though it has been strongly influenced by various Western models over the twentieth century. Taking a historical-cultural approach, this chapter constructs the concept of the Chinese University 3.0, investigating its key values and features and possible contributions in a global age. First, the chapter differentiates the three distinct stages of Chinese universities in history and looks into their institutional development and characteristics. Then, it focuses on the Chinese University 3.0 moving toward world-class status and mass higher education by reflecting on such core values and features as self-mastery and intellectual freedom, humanist (Zhi-Xing) mission, and institutional diversity (He’er Butong), to demonstrate how they differ culturally from the dominant Anglo-Saxon and American models but share some commonalities with the continental European and Japanese models of the university. The final section considers policy implications of the emerging Chinese model, its lessons for reform and practice, and its potential role in fostering vibrant democracies and global dialogue among civilizations in the future.postprin
Teacher education curriculum

This chapter focuses on the key components of the curriculum of Initial Teacher education (ITE) and the ways in which it has been changing over the last years internationally. In particular, it analyses the place and role of the educational studies, subject matter studies, pedagogical studies (sometimes following a more didactic perspective) and practicum in initial teacher education programmes. The aim of the chapter is twofold: (1) to identify and contrast the ways in which the different key components are articulated in the curriculum of ITE programmes; (2) to analyse the rationale and underpinning assumptions of given models of teacher education, particularly the views and focus of the curriculum itself and the government intervention in the design of ITE programmes. It is argued that, in many contexts, teacher education curriculum has been subject of a rather restricted view in line with policies that point to a narrow perspective of school curriculum. However, it is also possible to identify programmes that integrate the key components of ITE curriculum, in particular theory and practice, subject knowledge and educational studies as well as practicum, in a more explicit way, through a research based design.CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, IE, UMinho (FCT R&D unit 317), Portugal; National Funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) and co-financed by European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI) with the reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007562info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Learning and Teaching of English as an International Language in Asia-Pacific Universities: Issues and Challenges

This chapter first provides a brief general review of the teaching and learning of English in Australian and Asian universities and shows that English is still primarily regarded as a native speaker product and that English, officially at any rate, is taught monolingually in English and English medium of instruction (EMI) classes and courses. The chapter then argues that the use of English as a lingua franca and the many Asian varieties of English need to be factored into university language policies and that multilingual students and staff be allowed to use their multilingual resources in English–medium education.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Languages and LinguisticsFull Tex
Evaluation of Moisture Transfer to Improve the Conservation of Tiles Finishing Facades

The research of methodologies and tools to improve the durability of building components has the aim to find out the strategies to increase the service life, minimizing the environmental impacts. The paper refers on clinker facades, especially after the repairs of mortars due to severe damages. The authors achieved on-site investigations on a prominent study case in Leonardo Campus, at Politecnico di Milano, and laboratory tests to study the interaction between moisture and cement mortars, the decay effects, and the protective treatments to improve the mortar durability. The research sharpens the methods for the evaluation of water absorption and moisture transfer in external building components and proposes possible strategies of intervention. The methodology focuses on the characterization of the water behavior in mortars by different tests, the experiments in laboratory on mortars samples, to study the hygroscopic and capillarity absorption properties, and on site, through visual analysis and nondestructive techniques. The researchers studied a water-repellent protective treatment to apply on the finishing surface and evaluated it in terms of water-repellent efficacy, compatibility with the substrate, vapor permeability, and color stability. The investigations provide input data, useful for simulating the moisture transfer, validating the experimentations, and modeling the physical mechanisms, which occur on the façade. In addition, the methodanalyses also the optical characteristics of the surface, with the aim to detect anychange due to the application of further protective treatments and for aging proces
Towards a new narrative of postgraduate career.

This chapter examines the relationship between the postgraduate taught (PGT)\ud
student experience and career development. It argues that career development is a\ud
critical theme which draws together all aspects of the PGT experience. PGT\ud
students overwhelmingly choose to undertake postgraduate programs for career\ud
reasons. Their participation on program is best understood as a space through\ud
which they can pursue their career development. Finally, their transition from\ud
PGT study to the labor market is explored. While PGT study offers a clear\ud
advantage in the labor market, this is neither inevitable nor equally distributed.\ud
The chapter argues that despite the complexity of the return on investment,\ud
PGT programs continue to offer an important opportunity for individuals to\ud
develop their careers. This is true for both continuers, who move straight from\ud
undergraduate study, and returners, who reenter higher education after a period in the workforce. However, it also notes that access to PGT study is structured along\ud
familiar lines of social advantage.\ud
The chapter discusses the implications for higher education providers of this\ud
picture of PGT as a career development intervention. It is argued that providers\ud
need to embrace the focus on career development and to ensure that their programs\ud
help students to realize their aspirations and to transform their PGT\ud
qualifications into real-world opportunities
Adaptive Polling for Responsive Web Applications

YesThe web environment has been developing remarkably, and much work has been done
towards improving web based notification systems, where servers act smartly by notifying and feeding
clients with subscribed data. In this paper we have reviewed some of the problems with current
solutions to real-time updates of multi user web applications; we introduce a new concept “adaptive
polling” based on one AJAX technique “Polling” to reduce the high volume of redundant server
connections with reasonable latency, we demonstrated a prototype implementation of the new
concept which is then evaluated against the existing one; the positive results clearly indicated more
efficiency in terms of client-server bandwidth
Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Additive Manufacturing

International audienceThis chapter focuses on the environmental studies in additive manufacturing. For a cleaner production, environmental impacts that occur during the manufacturing phase should be assessed with accuracy. First, the literature on all the studies led to the characterization of the environmental impact of additive manufacturing processes. The studies on electric energy consumption of these processes are analyzed here, and then some studies taking into account raw material and all the flows through the process are detailed. Secondly, a new methodology in order to evaluate, with accuracy, the environmental impact of a part from its CAD model is presented. In this methodology, the work is not focused only on electrical consumption but also on fluids and material consumption which also contribute to the environmental impact. In addition, the inputs of this methodology correspond to the set part process, which allows taking into account different manufacturing strategies and their influences on the global environmental impact. The methodology developed is based on both analytic models (validated by experiments) and experimental models. And finally, an industrial example shows that for some manufacturing strategies, the environmental impact due to electrical consumption is not the predominant one. In this case study, material consumption has an important impact and has to be taken into consideration for a complete environmental impact assessment
The application scenarios of smart construction objects (SCOs) in construction

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the application scenarios of smart construction objects (SCOs). SCOs are construction resources (e.g. machinery, device, and materials) that are made “smart” by augmenting them with technologies conferring autonomy, awareness, and the ability to interact with their vicinity. The research starts from a brief review of recent developments of smart technology in different industrial sectors including construction. Based on the definition and properties of SCOs, interviews and site visits are conducted to investigate how SCOs could be applied under different scenarios of the construction industry. Perspectives for future studies are proposed in order to fully realise their potentials. The research encourages a wider adoption of SCOs and smart technologies in improving current construction practices. It also provides academia with a platform for further exploring the innovative uses of SCOs in constructionpostprin
A SCO-based tower crane system for prefabrication construction.

Prefabrication construction has been increasingly applied to the construction industry. Automation and intelligentization of construction site and construction objects has become the fore for the development of the prefabrication construction. In this study, a SCO-based tower crane system, as the core resource site on the critical path of prefabrication construction, is proposed to make the cranes more intelligent and efficient. A set of smart units are applied to the tower cranes and prefabricated components to make them into Smart Construction Objects (SCOs), enabling the functions of awareness, communicativeness and autonomy. The smart tower crane could “talk” with prefabrication components through sensors and real-time wireless connections. A system operation flow is developed for fetching and placing target components. The SCO-based tower crane system can provide the operation instruments, real-time traceability of the components, and necessary warning. The system is being tested in a pilot project, which is delivered through BIM and prefabrication construction. It is envisaged that the SCO-based tower crane system could significantly improve the safety performance and operation efficiency of the tower crane operations in prefabrication construction.postprin
How do top construction companies diversify in the international construction market?

This article won the Best Paper Award in the symposiumGlobalization has created an international market that allows construction companies transcend
traditional national boundaries and conduct business overseas. With new opportunities being brought
to contractors, competition also grows exponentially in this market. Diversification is frequently
adopted by these contractors as a strategy by the contractors for either growth, or risk management, or
both in this competitive environment. However, the pattern of diversification has not been well
measured, mapped, and analyzed. The aim of this research is to develop a Diversify Index (DI) and
examine international contractors’ diversification pattern. The data is from the Top 225 International
Contractors’ reports ranked by ENR (Engineering News-Record) from 1995 to 2014. Distributions of
the DI were explored first and then case studies were used to investigate the specific diversification
strategies adopted by the top international contractors. It is discovered that a downward trend of DI
with subsequent changes in rankings expresses that larger contractors increasingly adopt various
diversification strategies in international competition. The results provide valuable sights on the
relationship between the competitive success and their diversification strategies as well as the
tendency of diversification strategies adopted by top international contractors in different regions.postprin
A  framework of developing a big data platform for construction waste management: a Hong Kong study

Big data has shown great potentials in improving management discretion in many areas. The applications of big data in areas such as finance, computer science, health care and medical science have made continued success. Despite of big data’s potentials, its applications in construction waste management (CWM) are still in infant stage. In order to embrace these prospects, this research proposes a platform to apply big data technologies in CWM, by focusing on the CWM status of Hong Kong. This study first presents a framework of the big data platform by describing the data collection, storage and analysis involved in the roadmap of CWM in Hong Kong. The existing unintentionally generated big dataset in CWM in Hong Kong is used to examine the availability of the proposed platform. It was found that this platform could make government, industry and other CWM stakeholders benefit from proper cooperation. Though this study focused on the CWM of Hong Kong, it may act as a driving force to stimulate the adoption of big data in CWM across countries where construction waste is growing as an urgent issue that concerns government, industry, academia, and all the stakeholders.postprin
Wireless body area network for cycling posture monitoring

This work presents the design and implementation of a wireless body area
network based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) which enables the integration of
multiple sensor nodes into a smartphone-based system in order to monitor the
posture of cyclists. The wireless posture monitoring system presented in this
chapter obtains the orientation in space of each body segment in which the sensor
nodes are placed and calculates the trunk angle, the knee angle and the angle of
inclination of the road. This system collects raw sensor data from accelerometers,
magnetometers and gyroscopes and sends the data via BLE to an Android
smartphone, which plays the role of central station and performs the data
processing concerning the posture calculation. This chapter describes the
development of the hardware and software of the sensor nodes, which are based
on the CC2540 BLE system-on-chip, as well as the development of the Android
application. Experimental results concerning the measurement of the posture of a
cyclist are provided in order to validate the implementation.This work has been supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e
Tecnologia) in the scope of the project: UID/EEA/04436/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Transformations of Teaching and Learning Through Digital Technologies

This chapter is a critical synthesis of research related to the transformations that take place when digital technologies are incorporated into teaching and learning practices. In developing this synthesis, research from all levels of education was reviewed with a focus on the opportunities digital technologies offer for cognitive, pedagogical, affective and professional change. The chapter is structured in alignment with Pierce and Stacey’s (Pierce and Stacey, Int J Comput Math Learn 15(1):1–20 2010) map of pedagogical opportunities in which three dimensions for educational transformation were identified: tasks, classroom, and subject. A discussion of future directions for research into technology enhanced mathematics education concludes the review.Full Tex
Optical fibre sensing: A solution for industry

Optical fibres have been explored widely for their sensing capability to meet increasing industrial needs, building on their success in telecommunications. This paper provides a review of research activities at City University of London in response to industrial challenges through the development of a range of fibre Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors for transportation structural monitoring. For marine propellers, arrays of FBGs mapped onto the surface of propeller blades allow for capturing vibrational modes, with reference to simulation data. The research funded by EU Cleansky programme enables the development of self-sensing electric motor drives to support 'More Electric Aircraft' concept. The partnership with Faiveley Brecknell Willis in the UK enables the integration of FBG sensors into the railway current-collecting pantographs for real-time condition monitoring when they are operating under 25kV conditions