pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Optical transition rates of a meso-substituted thiacarbocyanine in methanol-in-oil reverse miscelles

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We report the photophysical properties of 3,3′-diethyl-5,5′-dichloro-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine (DDPT) in methanol-in-oil (m/o) reverse micellar systems which form methanol droplets stabilized with anionic surfactant aerosol-OT (AOT) in n-heptane. The fluorescence quantum yield of DDPT is enhanced by a factor of 17 in the methanol droplet in comparison with bulk methanol. The fluorescence lifetimes of DDPT in m/o reverse micelles are prolonged up to 2.2 ns with increasing molar ratio of methanol to surfactant (w0=[MeOH]/[AOT]), whereas the fluorescence lifetime of DDPT in bulk methanol is 75 ps. The non-radiative rate constants of DDPT in the droplets are decreased by a factor of 40, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in quantum yields, indicating that internal motions of DDPT in the droplets are significantly reduced due to strong electrostatic interactions between the positively charged DDPT and the negatively charged sulfonate head-groups of AOT and the spatial confinement induced by the reverse micellar structure. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Circular and linear magnetic birefringences in xenon at λ = 1064 nm

The circular and linear magnetic birefringences corresponding to the Faraday and the Cotton-Mouton effects, respectively, have been measured in xenon at λ = 1064 nm. The experimental setup is based on time dependent magnetic fields and a high finesse Fabry-Pérot cavity. Our value of the Faraday effect is the first measurement at this wavelength. It is compared to theoretical predictions. Our uncertainty of a few percent yields an agreement at better than 1σ with the computational estimate when relativistic effects are taken into account. Concerning the Cotton-Mouton effect, our measurement, the second ever published at λ = 1064 nm, agrees at better than 1σ with theoretical predictions. We also compare our error budget with that established for other experimental published value
Measurement of indirect CP asymmetries in D-0 -> K-K+ and D-0 -> pi(-)pi(+) decays using semileptonic B decays

Time-dependent CP asymmetries in the decay rates of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays D-0 -> K-K+ and D-0 -> pi (-) pi(+) are measured in pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1) collected by the LHCb experiment. The D-0 mesons are produced in semileptonic b-hadron decays, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to determine the initial state as D-0 or (D) over bar (0). The asymmetries in effective lifetimes between D-0 and (D) over bar (0) decays, which are sensitive to indirect CP violation, are determined to be \ud
\ud
A(Gamma) (K-K+) = (-0.134 +/- 0.077(-0.034)(+0.026))%, \ud
\ud
A(Gamma) (pi(-)pi(+)) = -0.092 +/- 0.145(-0.033)(+0.025))%, \ud
\ud
where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with previous measurements and with the hypothesis of no indirect CP violation in D (0) decays
(3)(Lambda)H and (3)((Lambda)over-bar)(H)over-bar production in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

The production of the hypertriton nuclei H-3(Lambda) and (3)((Lambda) over bar)(H) over bar has been measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeVwith the ALICE experiment at LHC. The p(T)-integrated H-3(Lambda) yield in one unity of rapidity, dN/dy x B.R.((3 Lambda H -> 3He,pi-)) = (3.86 +/- 0.77(stat.) +/- 0.68(syst.)) x 10(-5) in the 0-10% most central collisions, is consistent with the predictions from a statistical thermal model using the same temperature as for the light hadrons. The coalescence parameter B-3 shows a dependence on the transverse momentum, similar to the B-2 of deuterons and the B-3 of He-3 nuclei. The ratio of yields S-3 = H-3(Lambda)/(He-3 x Lambda/p) was measured to be S-3 = 0.60 +/- 0.13(stat.) +/- 0.21(syst.) in 0-10% centrality events; this value is compared to different theoretical models. The measured S-3 is compatible with thermal model predictions. The measured H-3(Lambda) lifetime, tau = 181(-39)(+54)(stat.) +/- 33(syst.) psis in agreement within 1s with the world average value. (C) 2016 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V
Measurement of the Υ(1S) production cross-section in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV in ATLAS

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA measurement of the cross-section for Υ (1S)→μ+μ− production in proton–proton collisions at centre of mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The cross-section is measured as a function of the Υ (1S) transverse momentum in two bins of rapidity, |yΥ (1S)| < 1.2 and 1.2 < |yΥ (1S)| < 2.4. The measurement requires that both muons have transverse momentum pμ T > 4 GeV and pseudorapidity |ημ| < 2.5 in order to reduce theoretical uncertainties on the acceptance, which depend on the poorly known polarisation. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 1.13 pb−1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross-section measurement is compared to theoretical predictions: it agrees to within a factor of two with a prediction based on the NRQCD model including colour-singlet and colour-octet matrix elements as implemented in PYTHIA while it disagrees by up to a factor of ten with the next-to-leading order prediction based on the colour-singlet modelWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3–CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
A Crystal Chemical Approach to a Cation-​Ordered Structure Model for Carbonate-​Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides comprise a stacking of pos. charged metal hydroxide layers with anions and water mols. included in the interlayer galleries.  Among the anions, the carbonate ion is the most ubiquitous in both mineral and lab. synthesized phases.  Taylor (1973) suggested that the carbonate ion (mol. symmetry D3h) prefers a trigonal prismatic interlayer site (local symmetry D3h)​, whereby the hydrogen bonding with the metal hydroxide layer is maximized.  However, the cation ordered structure models of hexagonal symmetry include interlayer sites which are exclusively trigonal antiprisms (local symmetry D3d)​.  In keeping with Taylor's criterion, a hexagonal stacking of metal hydroxide layers does not permit the inclusion of carbonate ions in the interlayer.  In this work, a crystal chem. approach is adopted based on the translationgleiche subgroups of hexagonal and cubic summits to arrive at a structure model based on the space group C2​/m.  In this structure, not only is the 3-​fold symmetry of metal coordination retained, but also interlayer sites of ∼D3h symmetry are generated to host the intercalated carbonate ions.  Using this model, the structures of a cohort of carbonate-​intercalated layered double hydroxides are refined
Yield constants of external Bremsstrahlung excited by 90Sr-​90Y, 147Pm and 204Tl in CdO and lead compounds

Bremsstrahlung yield of 90Sr-​90Y, 147Pm and 204Tl in CdO, PbF2, Pb(NO3)​2 and PbCl2 has been measured using 3.8 cm×3.8 cm NaI(Tl) crystal and is compared with Tseng and Pratt theory.  The Z dependence of external Bremsstrahlung (EB) is also measured and compared with the theory.  The Bremsstrahlung photon yield and energy yield consts. (K' and K) are evaluated from the measured and theor. yields.  These values decrease with the increase in Emax of beta.  The evaluated K' and K may be useful to calc. the photon yield and the energy yield, when these beta particles interact with the compds. of modified at. no. ranging from 42 to 73
A Dynamical Mechanism for Large Volumes with Consistent Couplings

A mechanism for addressing the 'decompactification problem' is proposed,
which consists of balancing the vacuum energy in Scherk-Schwarzed theories
against contributions coming from non- perturbative physics. Universality of
threshold corrections ensures that, in such situations, the stable minimum will
have consistent gauge couplings for any gauge group that shares the same N = 2
beta function for the bulk excitations as the gauge group that takes part in
the minimisation. Scherk- Schwarz compactification from 6D to 4D in heterotic
strings is discussed explicitly, together with two alternative possibilities
for the non-perturbative physics, namely metastable SQCD vacua and a single
gaugino condensate. In the former case, it is shown that modular symmetries
gives various consistency checks, and allow one to follow soft-terms, playing a
similar role to R-symmetry in global SQCD. The latter case is particularly
attractive when there is nett Bose-Fermi degeneracy in the massless sector. In
such cases, because the original Casimir energy is generated entirely by
excited and/or non-physical string modes, it is completely immune to the
non-perturbative IR physics. The large separation between UV and IR
contributions to the potential greatly simplifies the analysis of
stabilisation, and is a general possibility that has not been considered
before.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
Everyday tactics in local moral worlds : e-cigarette practices in a working-class area of the UK.

Research into e-cigarette use has largely focused on their health effects and efficacy for smoking cessation, with little attention given to their potential effect on health inequalities. Drawing on three years of ethnographic research between 2012 and 2015, I investigate the emerging e-cigarette practices of adult smokers and quitters in a working-class area of the UK. I first use de Certeau's notion of ‘tactics’ to describe the informal economy of local e-cigarette use. Low-priced products were purchased through personal networks and informal sources for financial reasons, but also as a solution to the moral problems of addiction and expenditure on the self, particularly for older smokers. E-cigarette practices were produced in local moral worlds where smoking and cessation had a complex status mediated through norms of age and gender. For younger men, smoking cessation conflicted with an ethic of working-class hedonism but e-cigarette use allowed cessation to be incorporated into male sociality. Continued addiction had moral implications which older men addressed by constructing e-cigarette use as functional rather than pleasurable, drawing on a narrative of family responsibility. The low priority which older women with a relational sense of identity gave to their own health led to a lower tolerance for e-cigarette unreliability. I draw on Kleinman's local moral worlds to make sense of these findings, arguing that smoking cessation can be a risk to moral identity in violating local norms of age and gender performance. I conclude that e-cigarettes did have some potential to overcome normative barriers to smoking cessation and therefore to reduce health inequalities, at least in relation to male smoking. Further research which attends to local meanings of cessation in relation to age and gender will establish whether e-cigarettes have similar potential elsewhere
Preconditioning and triggering of offshore slope failures and turbidity currents revealed by most detailed monitoring yet at a fjord-head.

Rivers and turbidity currents are the two most important sediment transport processes by volume on Earth. Various hypotheses have been proposed for triggering of turbidity currents offshore from river mouths, including direct plunging of river discharge, delta mouth bar flushing or slope failure caused by low tides and gas expansion, earthquakes and rapid sedimentation. During 2011, 106 turbidity currents were monitored at Squamish Delta, British Columbia. This enables statistical analysis of timing, frequency and triggers. The largest peaks in river discharge did not create hyperpycnal flows. Instead, delayed delta-lip failures occurred 8–11 h after flood peaks, due to cumulative delta top sedimentation and tidally-induced pore pressure changes. Elevated river discharge is thus a significant control on the timing and rate of turbidity currents but not directly due to plunging river water. Elevated river discharge and focusing of river discharge at low tides cause increased sediment transport across the delta-lip, which is the most significant of all controls on flow timing in this setting
Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions

Although satellite-based variables have for long been expected to be key components to a unified and global biodiversity monitoring strategy, a definitive and agreed list of these variables still remains elusive. The growth of interest in biodiversity variables observable from space has been partly underpinned by the development of the essential biodiversity variable (EBV) framework by the Group on Earth Observations – Biodiversity Observation Network, which itself was guided by the process of identifying essential climate variables. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by updating the previously published definition of EBV, providing a definition of satellite remote sensing (SRS) EBVs and introducing a set of principles that are believed to be necessary if ecologists and space agencies are to agree on a list of EBVs that can be routinely monitored from space. Progress toward the identification of SRS-EBVs will require a clear understanding of what makes a biodiversity variable essential, as well as agreement on who the users of the SRS-EBVs are. Technological and algorithmic developments are rapidly expanding the set of opportunities for SRS in monitoring biodiversity, and so the list of SRS-EBVs is likely to evolve over time. This means that a clear and common platform for data providers, ecologists, environmental managers, policy makers and remote sensing experts to interact and share ideas needs to be identified to support long-term coordinated actions
Measurements of long-range near-side angular correlations in sNN‾‾‾‾√=5TeV proton-lead collisions in the forward region

Two-particle angular correlations are studied in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sNN‾‾‾‾√=5TeV, collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on data recorded in two beam configurations, in which either the direction of the proton or that of the lead ion is analysed. The correlations are measured as a function of relative pseudorapidity, Δη, and relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, for events in different classes of event activity and for different bins of particle transverse momentum. In high-activity events a long-range correlation on the near side, Δϕ≈0, is observed in the pseudorapidity range 2.0<η<4.9. This measurement of long-range correlations on the near side in proton-lead collisions extends previous observations into the forward region up to η=4.9. The correlation increases with growing event activity and is found to be more pronounced in the direction of the lead beam. However, the correlation strengths in the direction of the lead and proton beams are found to be compatible when comparing events with similar absolute activity in the direction analysed
Search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D0→e±μ∓ is made with a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. Candidate D0 mesons are selected using the decay D∗+→D0π+ and the D0→e±μ∓ branching fraction is measured using the decay mode D0→K−π+ as a normalisation channel. No significant excess of D0→e±μ∓ candidates over the expected background is seen, and a limit is set on the branching fraction, (D0→e±μ∓)<1.3×10−8, at 90 % confidence level. This is an order of magnitude lower than the previous limit and it further constrains the parameter space in some leptoquark models and in supersymmetric models with R-parity violation
A Geography of Cohabitation in the Americas, 1970–2010

In this chapter, we trace the geography of unmarried cohabitation in the Americas on an unprecedented geographical scale in family demography. We present the percentage of partnered women aged 25–29 in cohabitation across more than 19,000 local units of 39 countries, from Canada to Argentina, at two points in time, 2000 and 2010. The local geography is supplemented by a regional geography of cohabitation that covers five decades of data from 1960 to 2010. Our data derive primarily from the rich collection of census microdata amassed by the Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE) of the United Nations and from the IPUMS-international collection of harmonized census microdata samples (Minnesota Population Center, Integrated public use microdata series, international: Version 6.3 [Machine-readable database]. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 2014). Our analyses unveil a substantial amount of spatial heterogeneity both within and across countries. Despite the spectacular rise in cohabitation, its regional patterning has remained relatively unchanged over the last decades, which points to the presence of geo-historical legacies in the present patterns of unmarried cohabitation
On the origin of heavy-tail statistics in equations of the Nonlinear Schrodinger type

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Physics Letters A and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2016.07.048.We study the formation of extreme events in incoherent systems described by the Nonlinear Schrödinger type of equations. We consider an exact identity that relates the evolution of the normalized fourth-order moment of the probability density function of the wave envelope to the rate of change of the width of the Fourier spectrum of the wave field. We show that, given an initial condition characterized by some distribution of the wave envelope, an increase of the spectral bandwidth in the focusing/defocusing regime leads to an increase/decrease of the probability of formation of rogue waves. Extensive numerical simulations in 1D+1 and 2D+1 are also performed to confirm the results
Community-acquired pneumonia and tuberculosis: differential diagnosis and the use of fluoroquinolones

SummaryThe respiratory fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and high-dose levofloxacin are recommended in guidelines for effective empirical antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The use of these antibiotics for this indication in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) has been questioned due to the perception that they contribute both to delays in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB and to the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this review, we consider some of the important questions regarding the potential use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of CAP where the burden of TB is high. The evidence suggests that the use of fluoroquinolones as recommended for 5–10 days as empirical treatment for CAP, according to current clinical management guidelines, is appropriate even in TB-endemic regions. It is critical to quickly exclude M. tuberculosis as a cause of CAP using the most rapid relevant diagnostic investigations in the management of all patients with CAP
Vasopressor meets vasodepressor: The AT1–B2 receptor heterodimer

AbstractThe AT1 receptor for the vasopressor angiotensin II is one of the most important drug targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Sensitization of the AT1 receptor system is a common feature contributing to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. More than a decade ago, evidence was provided for control of AT1R activation by heterodimerization with the B2 receptor for the vasodepressor peptide, bradykinin, a physiological counterpart of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. AT1–B2 receptor heterodimerization was shown to enhance AT1R-stimulated signaling under pathophysiological conditions such as experimental and human pregnancy hypertension. Notably, AT1R signal sensitization of patients with preeclampsia hypertension was attributed to AT1R–B2R heterodimerization. Vice versa, transgenic mice lacking the AT1–B2 receptor heterodimer due to targeted deletion of the B2R gene showed a significantly reduced AT1R-stimulated vasopressor response compared to transgenic mice with abundant AT1R–B2R heterodimerization. Biophysical methods such as BRET and FRET confirmed those data by demonstrating efficient AT1–B2 receptor heterodimerization in transfected cells and transgenic mice. Recently, a study on AT1R-specific biased agonism directed the focus to the AT1–B2 receptor heterodimer again. The β-arrestin-biased [Sar1,Ile4,Ile8]-angiotensin II promoted not only the recruitment of β-arrestin to the AT1R but also stimulated the down-regulation of the AT1R-associated B2 receptor by co-internalization. Thereby specific targeting of the AT1R–B2R heterodimer became feasible and could open the way to a new class of drugs, which specifically interfere with pathological angiotensin II-AT1 receptor system activation