pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Eifel-Rur: Old Water Rights and Fixed Frameworks for Action

This chapter summarises our analysis of drought governance in the Eifel-Rur region of Germany. Within the Interreg IV-B project DROP a team of researchers from five universities and knowledge institutes performed two field visits to the Eifel-Rur region and held interviews with authorities and stakeholders. The visits were facili-tated by the DROP project partner Eifel-Rur Waterboard (Wasserverband Eifel-Rur, WVER). Interviews were both individual and in group settings; in the second visit interim results were presented to stakeholders in a workshop. Stakeholders inter-viewed included representatives from drinking water producers, nature protection authorities, industrial water users, farmer representatives, electricity generating companies, environmental NGOs,fishermen, sailing schools, and local (municipal) and regional (district) authorities in charge of water management. The analysis was guided by a drought-specific Governance Assessment Tool (GAT), which uses five governance dimensions (levels and scales, actors and networks, problem perceptions and goal ambitions, strategies and instruments, responsibilities and resources) andfour governance criteria (extent, coherence, flexibility and intensity) in its analysis.In the following, we present the context of water management in the Eifel-Rur region, describe some drought actions which have already been implemented, explain the results of our analysis in terms of the Governance Assessment Toolkit and present our recommendations for improved drought governance in the region.An aspect of the Eifel-Rur water management system which is central for its drought governance is the water rights' system in place. The region's water rights&amp;#8212;some of them centuries old&amp;#8212;provide their owners with very strong legal claims to the resource; furthermore, the current system of rights and charges does not provide real incentives for users to reduce their water rights/water use. These features make the demand side of the water system very inflexible. In addition, the region's significant number of reservoirs allows for a very stable supply of water over time,which means that users are not prone to include risks related to water supply into their risk strategies. This lack of flexibility poses significant challenges for drought management, some of which are taken up in the final section "Conclusions and case-specific recommendations"
Improvement of efficient coupling and optical resonances by using taper-waveguides coupled to cascade of UV210 polymer micro-resonators

International audienceIn this paper, we report the overall design, fabrication and optical characterization of single and multiple resonant micro-structures patterned on the UV210 polymer and shaped by adequate deep-UV lithography procedures. Various families of ring and racetrack forms are investigated with different geometrical dimensions linked to the micro-resonators and the specific taper-waveguides and gaps allowing the optimized coupling. Well defined photonic structures families in the sub-micrometer range obtained by this deep UV-light process are clearly confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. In order to evaluate and quantify the efficiency of the sub-micrometer coupling, the recirculation of the light and the quality of the optical resonance aspects, a global study including top view intensity imaging, spectral measurements and Fast Fourier Transform analysis is performed for all these devices based on single and multiple family resonators. The experimental TE-mode resonance transmissions reveal a complete agreement with the period of the theoretically expected resonances. A maximum value of the quality factor Q = 3.5 x 10^3 at 1035 nm with a 3.2 times higher resonance contrast is assessed for cascade of triple micro-resonators respect to the photonic devices based on only one micro-resonator. In addition, these UV210 circuits made of specific tapers coupling to cascade loops act directly on the improvement of the evanescent coupling and resonances in terms of quality factor and extinction rate, by selecting successively and more precisely the optical mode resonance. All these designs and low cost technological reproducible steps, and furthermore the devices and protocol measurements are markedly suitable for mass fabrication and metrology applications
Climate policies in a second-best world- a case study on India

International audienceThe aim of this article is to analyze the potential for synergies between climate policies and development in a case study on India focusing on the power sector sub-optimalities. To do so, we use IMACLIM-R, a dynamic recursive energy-economy model that represents a second best world with market imperfections and short-run adjustments constraints along a long-term growth path. The analysis suggests (i) global carbon pricing induces prohibitive macroeconomic costs for the Indian economy, even in the case of significant financial transfers associated with a global cap-and-trade system and a "Contraction and Convergence in 2100" allocation scheme; (ii) the most cost efficient climate policies are not uniform carbon pricing only. The implementation of domestic policies suited to the national context, for instance targeting sub-optimalities in the power sector for India, allows reducing significantly the macroeconomic costs induced by international mitigation policies
Modelling the fate of nonylphenolic compounds in the Seine River -- part 2: Assessing the impact of global change on daily concentrations

International audienceThis study aims at modelling the daily concentrations of nonylphenolic compounds such as 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) and nonylphenoxy acetic acid (NP1EC) within the Seine River downstream of Paris City for over a year, firstly in the present state (year 2010) and for years 2050 and 2100 in order to assess the consequences of global change on the fate of nonylphenolic compounds in the Seine river. Concentrations were first simulated for the year 2010 and compared to monthly measured values downstream of Paris. To achieve this goal, the hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model, ProSe, was updated to simulate the fate of 4-NP, NP1EO and NP1EC. The Seine upstream and Oise River (tributaries of the Seine River) concentrations are estimated according to concentrations-flow relationships. For Seine Aval wastewater treatment plant (SA-WWTP), the concentrations are considered constant and the median values of 11 campaigns are used. The biodegradation kinetics of 4-NP, NP1EO and NP1EC in the Seine River were deduced from the results of the companion paper. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient indicates a good efficiency to simulate the concentrations of 4-NP, NP1EC and NP1EO over an entire year. Eight scenarios were built to forecast the impacts of global warming (flow decrease), population growth (SA-WWTP flow increase) and optimisation of wastewater treatment (improvement of the quality of effluents) on annual concentrations of 4-NP, NP1EO and NP1EC at Meulan by 2050 and 2100. As a result, global warming and population growth may increase the concentrations of 4-NP, NP1EC and NP1EO, especially during low-flow conditions, while the optimisation of wastewater treatment is an efficient solution to balance the global change by reducing WWTP outflows
“Fibrous nests” in human hepatocellular carcinoma express a Wnt-induced gene signature associated with poor clinical outcome

International audienceAbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 3rd cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most cases arise in a background of chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, severe fibrosis and stem/progenitor cell amplification. Although HCCs are soft cellular tumors, they may contain fibrous nests within the tumor mass. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore cancer cell phenotypes in fibrous nests. Combined anatomic pathology, tissue microarray and real-time PCR analyses revealed that HCCs (n=82) containing fibrous nests were poorly differentiated, expressed Wnt pathway components and target genes, as well as markers of stem/progenitor cells, such as CD44, LGR5 and SOX9. Consistently, in severe liver fibroses (n=66) and in HCCs containing fibrous nests, weighted correlation analysis revealed a gene network including the myofibroblast marker ACTA2, the basement membrane components COL4A1 and LAMC1, the Wnt pathway members FZD1; FZD7; WNT2; LEF1; DKK1 and the Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins (SFRPs) 1; 2 and 5. Moreover, unbiased random survival forest analysis of a transcriptomic dataset of 247 HCC patients revealed high DKK1, COL4A1, SFRP1 and LAMC1 to be associated with advanced tumor staging as well as with bad overall and disease-free survival. In vitro, these genes were upregulated in liver cancer stem/progenitor cells upon Wnt-induced mesenchymal commitment and myofibroblast differentiation. In conclusion, fibrous nests express Wnt target genes, as well as markers of cancer stem cells and mesenchymal commitment. Fibrous nests embody the specific microenvironment of the cancer stem cell niche and can be detected by routine anatomic pathology analyses
Dendrite growth morphologies in rapidly solidified Al-4.5wt.%Cu droplets

International audienceThe impulse atomization process developed at the University of Alberta (Canada) enables metallic powders to be solidified with controlled process parameters and improved properties. In order to investigate the microstructure morphologies in droplets of Al- 4.5wt.%Cu alloys, three-dimensional reconstructions of several droplets are obtained by using synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography, allowing a visualization of the inner microstructure in three dimensions. The analysis of the reconstructed volumes reveals that a wide range of morphology, from highly branched to "finger-bundle", can be obtained for different droplets of similar diameter and produced in the same batch. Unexpectedly for this alloy, microstructural features also indicate that the development of the dendrite arms (primary and of higher orders) occurs in most droplets along <111> crystallographic axes, instead of the usual <100> directions observed in conventional casting technologies
Doped and non-doped organic light-emitting diodes based on a yellow carbazole emitter into a blue-emitting matrix.

International audienceA new carbazole derivative with a 3,3'-bicarbazyl core 6,6'-substituted by dicyanovinylene groups (6,6'-bis(1-(2,2'-dicyano)vinyl)-N,N'-dioctyl-3,3'-bicarbazyl; named (OcCz2CN)2, was synthesized by carbonyl-methylene Knovenagel condensation, characterized and used as a component of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Due to its Π-donor-acceptor type structure, (OcCz2CN)2 was found to emit a yellow light at Λmax=590 nm (with the CIE coordinates x=0.51; y = 0.47) and was used either as a dopant or as an ultra-thin layer in a blue-emitting matrix of 4,4'-bis(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DPVBi). DPVBi (OcCz2CN)2-doped structure exhibited, at doping ratio of 1.5 weight %, a yellowish-green light with the CIE coordinates (x = 0.31; y = 0.51), an electroluminescence efficiency ΗEL=1.3 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency Ηext= 0.4 % and a luminance L= 127 cd/m2 (at 10 mA/cm2) whereas for non-doped devices utilizing the carbazolic fluorophore as a thin neat layer, a warm white with CIE coordinates (x = 0.40; y= 0.43), ΗEL= 2.0 cd/A, Ηext= 0.7 %, L = 197 cd/m2 (at 10 mA/cm2) and a color rendering index (CRI) of 74, were obtained. Electroluminescence performances of both the doped and non-doped devices were compared with those obtained with 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphtacene (rubrene) taken as a reference of highly efficient yellow emitter
Excitonic coherence in a confined lattice : a simple model to highlight the relevance of the perturbation theory

International audienceThe exciton-phonon system in a confined environment is revisited within standard perturbation theory. Special attention is paid for describing the time evolution of the excitonic coherences at finite temperature. To proceed, the system involving an exciton dressed by a single phonon mode is considered. Due to its simplicity, it is solved exactly so that the relevance of the perturbation theory is checked. Within the nonadiabatic weak coupling limit, it is shown that several time scales govern the coherence dynamics. In the short time limit, the coherences behave as if the exciton was insensitive to the phonon bath. Then, quantum decoherence takes place. Finally the coherences recur almost periodically at specific revival times. Coherence decay and revival strongly depend on the nature of the excitonic states. In particular, for odd lattice sizes, the coherence of the state exactly located at the band center survives over a very long time scale. Therefore, confinement-induced decoherence softening favors high fidelity quantum state transfer and allows to encode the information on a quantum bit almost insensitive to quantum decoherence
The random walk hypothesis for Chinese stock markets: Evidence from variance ratio tests

This study examines the random walk hypothesis for the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets for both A and B shares, using daily data over the period 1992-2007. The hypothesis is tested with new multiple variance ratio tests - Whang-Kim subsampling and Kim's wild bootstrap tests - as well as the conventional multiple Chow-Denning test. We find that Class B shares for Chinese stock exchanges do not follow the random walk hypothesis, and therefore are significantly inefficient. The Class A shares seem more efficient
Relativistic description of final-state interactions in neutral-current neutrino and antineutrino cross sections

We evaluate semi-inclusive neutral-current quasielastic differential neutrino and antineutrino cross sections within the framework of the relativistic impulse approximation. The results of the relativistic mean-field and of the relativistic Green's function models are compared. The sensitivity to the strange-quark content of the nucleon form factor is also discussed. The results of the models are compared with the MiniBooNE experimental data for neutrino scattering. Numerical predictions for flux-averaged antineutrino scattering cross sections are also presented
The positron emission tomography with F18 17β-estradiol has the potential to benefit diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer

Background. The positron emission tomography (PET) with F18 17β-estradiol (FES) has good imaging for assessment of estrogen receptor in
breast cancer.
Case. We report on a 30-year-old woman who desired to preserve her fertility with well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Before
hormone treatment was started, FES-PET showed increased uptake of endometrium, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thickness and F-
18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET showed increased uptake. FES-PET after 3 months showed remaining FES uptake, but there were no abnormal
findings on MRI and FDG-PET. Hysteroscopy showed remaining adenocarcinoma. After additional treatment, FES-PET showed a therapeutic
response, and hysteroscopy showed no abnormal finding.
Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first report that FES-PET has the potential to provide more useful information than did FDG-PET
about the hormone therapy
Terahertz emission from vertically aligned InN nanorod arrays

[[abstract]]Terahertz emission from indium nitride (InN) nanorods and InN film grown by molecular-beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates has been investigated. Terahertz emission from InN nanorods is at least three times more intense than that from InN film and depends strongly on the size distribution of the nanorods. Surface electron accumulation at the InN nanorods effectively screens out the photo-Dember field in the accumulation layer formed under the surface. The nanorods with considerably large diameter than the thickness of accumulation layer are found to be dominant in the emission of terahertz radiation from InN nanorod arrays.[[fileno]]2010109010096[[department]]物理
Nonlinearity and dynamic phase transition of charge-density-wave lattice

[[abstract]]We report the investigation of the dynamic behavior of charge-density waves (CDWs) in a quasi-one-dimensional material K0.3MoO3 using x-ray scattering and multiple x-ray diffraction. Under the application of voltages, we demonstrate that the occurrence of nonlinear conductivity caused by CDW is through the internal deformation of the CDW lattice, i.e., a phase jump of 2π, as the applied voltage exceeds the threshold. By measuring the evolution of peak width of satellite reflections as a function of the field strength, we also report that the CDW lattice can be driven to move and undergo a dynamic phase transition, i.e., from the disordered pinning state to ordered moving solid state, and finally, to disordered moving liquid.[[fileno]]2010105010104[[department]]物理
Faunal responses to oxygen gradients on the Pakistan margin: A comparison of foraminiferans, macrofauna and megafauna

The Pakistan Margin is characterised by a strong mid-water oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that intercepts the seabed at bathyal depths (150–1300 m). We investigated whether faunal abundance and diversity trends were similar among protists (foraminiferans and gromiids), metazoan macrofauna and megafauna along a transect (140–1850 m water depth) across the OMZ during the 2003 intermonsoon (March–May) and late/post-monsoon (August–October) seasons. All groups exhibited some drop in abundance in the OMZ core (250–500 m water depth; O2: 0.10–0.13 mL L−1=4.46–5.80 μM) but to differing degrees. Densities of foraminiferans >63 μm were slightly depressed at 300 m, peaked at 738 m, and were much lower at deeper stations. Foraminiferans >300 μm were the overwhelmingly dominant macrofaunal organisms in the OMZ core. Macrofaunal metazoans reached maximum densities at 140 m depth, with additional peaks at 850, 940 and 1850 m where foraminiferans were less abundant. The polychaete Linopherus sp. was responsible for a macrofaunal biomass peak at 950 m. Apart from large swimming animals (fish and natant decapods), metazoan megafauna were absent between 300 and 900 m (O2 <0.14–0.15  mL L−1=6.25–6.69 μM) but were represented by a huge, ophiuroid-dominated abundance peak at 1000 m (O2 0.15–0.18 mL L−1=6.69–8.03 μM). Gromiid protists were confined largely to depths below 1150 m (O2 >0.2 mL L−1=8.92 μM). The progressively deeper abundance peaks for foraminiferans (>63 μm), Linopherus sp. and ophiuroids probably represent lower OMZ boundary edge effects and suggest a link between body size and tolerance of hypoxia. Macro- and megafaunal organisms collected between 800 and 1100 m were dominated by a succession of different taxa, indicating that the lower part of the OMZ is also a region of rapid faunal change. Species diversity was depressed in all groups in the OMZ core, but this was much more pronounced for macrofauna and megafauna than for foraminiferans. Oxygen levels strongly influenced the taxonomic composition of all faunal groups. Calcareous foraminiferans dominated the seasonally and permanently hypoxic sites (136–300 m); agglutinated foraminiferans were relatively more abundant at deeper stations where oxygen concentrations were >0.13 mL L−1(=5.80 μM). Polychaetes were the main macrofaunal taxon within the OMZ; calcareous macrofauna and megafauna (molluscs and echinoderms) were rare or absent where oxygen levels were lowest. The rarity of larger animals between 300 and 700 m on the Pakistan Margin, compared with the abundant macrofauna in the OMZ core off Oman, is the most notable contrast between the two sides of the Arabian Sea. This difference probably reflects the slightly higher oxygen levels and better food quality on the western side
On Under-determination in Cosmology

I discuss how modern cosmology illustrates under-determination of theoretical hypotheses by data, in ways that are different from most philosophical discussions. I emphasize cosmology's concern with what data could in principle be collected by a single observer (Section 2); and I give a broadly sceptical discussion of cosmology's appeal to the cosmological principle as a way of breaking the under-determination (Section 3).\ud
\ud
I confine most of the discussion to the history of the observable universe from about one second after the Big Bang, as described by the mainstream cosmological model: in effect, what cosmologists in the early 1970s dubbed the `standard model', as elaborated since then. But in the closing Section 4, I broach some questions about times earlier than one second.\u
Evidence that the 5p12 Variant rs10941679 Confers Susceptibility to Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer through FGF10 and MRPS30 Regulation

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed increased breast cancer risk associated with multiple genetic variants at 5p12. Here, we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 104,660 subjects from 50 case-control studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). With data for 3,365 genotyped and imputed SNPs across a 1 Mb region (positions 44,394,495–45,364,167; NCBI build 37), we found evidence for at least three independent signals: the strongest signal, consisting of a single SNP rs10941679, was associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (per-g allele OR ER+ = 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.18; p = 8.35 × 10−30). After adjustment for rs10941679, we detected signal 2, consisting of 38 SNPs more strongly associated with ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer (lead SNP rs6864776: per-a allele OR ER− = 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.14; p conditional = 1.44 × 10−12), and a single signal 3 SNP (rs200229088: per-t allele OR ER+ = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09–1.15; p conditional = 1.12 × 10−05). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis in normal breast tissues and breast tumors showed that the g (risk) allele of rs10941679 was associated with increased expression of FGF10 and MRPS30. Functional assays demonstrated that SNP rs10941679 maps to an enhancer element that physically interacts with the FGF10 and MRPS30 promoter regions in breast cancer cell lines. FGF10 is an oncogene that binds to FGFR2 and is overexpressed in ∼10% of human breast cancers, whereas MRPS30 plays a key role in apoptosis. These data suggest that the strongest signal of association at 5p12 is mediated through coordinated activation of FGF10 and MRPS30, two candidate genes for breast cancer pathogenesis
Existence of Anisotropic Spin Fluctuations at Low Temperature in the
  Normal Phase of the Superconducting Ferromagnet UCoGe

Thermal conductivity measurements have been performed on the superconducting
ferromagnet UCoGe down to very low temperature and under magnetic field. In
addition to the electronic quasiparticle thermal conductivity, additional
contributions to the thermal transport are detected: they are sensitive to the
amplitude and direction of the magnetic field, and at low temperature, they
display a strong anisotropy with the heat current direction. We identify these
contributions as arising from magnetic fluctuations. Detection of such
fluctuations on the thermal transport in 3D weak ferromagnets is very rare if
not unique, and pledges for a strongly itinerant character of the magnetism of
UCoGe