pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Formation of Bi,Pb-2223 and microstructural evolution in Pb-Ca-Cu deposited Bi-2212(001) single crystal by heat treatment

25th International Symposium on Superconductivity, ISS 2012 ; 3 December 2012 through 5 December 2012 ; TokyoIn order to study the mechanism of phase transformation from Bi-2212 to Bi-2223, we fabricated Pb-Ca-Cu deposited Bi-2212 (001) single crystals as precursors of the Bi, Pb-2223 phase. These single crystals were heated in a sintered Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O pellet, and microstructure was observed by analytical electron microscopy. As a result of the microstructural observation around the Bi, Pb-2223 phase, two formation paths of Bi, Pb-2223 were recognized. One is the formation from a liquid phase which is formed by Bi-2212 and melting of the secondary phases such as (Ca, Sr)2PbO4 and CuO. The other is the growth of Bi, Pb-2223 into Bi-2212 phase by diffusion of Pb, Ca and Cu atoms along the 〈hk0〉 directions of Bi-2212
Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of motivation and control

Contains fulltext :
                  122304.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The likelihood of initiating addictive behaviors is higher during adolescence than during any other developmental period. The differential developmental trajectories of brain regions involved in motivation and control processes may lead to adolescents’ increased risk taking in general, which may be exacerbated by the neural consequences of drug use. Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased risk-taking behavior in adolescence is related to an imbalance between prefrontal cortical regions, associated with executive functions, and subcortical brain regions related to affect and motivation. Dual-process models of addictive behaviors are similarly concerned with difficulties in controlling abnormally strong motivational processes. We acknowledge concerns raised about dual-process models, but argue that they can be addressed by carefully considering levels of description: motivational processes and top-down biasing can be understood as intertwined, co-developing components of more versus less reflective states of processing. We illustrate this with a model that further emphasizes temporal dynamics. Finally, behavioral interventions for addiction are discussed. Insights in the development of control and motivation may help to better understand – and more efficiently intervene in – vulnerabilities involving control and motivation.13 p
The behaviour of sea anemone actinoporins at the water-membrane interface

Actinoporins constitute a group of small and basic α-pore forming toxins produced by sea anemones. They display high sequence identity and appear as multigene families. They show a singular behaviour at the water-membrane interface: In aqueous solution, actinoporins remain stably folded but, upon interaction with lipid bilayers, become integral membrane structures. These membranes contain sphingomyelin, display phase coexistence, or both. The water soluble structures of the actinoporins equinatoxin II (EqtII) and sticholysin II (StnII) are known in detail. The crystalline structure of a fragaceatoxin C (FraC) nonamer has been also determined. The three proteins fold as a β-sandwich motif flanked by two α-helices, one of them at the N-terminal end. Four regions seem to be especially important: A cluster of aromatic residues, a phosphocholine binding site, an array of basic amino acids, and the N-terminal α-helix. Initial binding of the soluble monomers to the membrane is accomplished by the cluster of aromatic amino acids, the array of basic residues, and the phosphocholine binding site. Then, the N-terminal α-helix detaches from the β-sandwich, extends, and lies parallel to the membrane. Simultaneously, oligomerization occurs. Finally, the extended N-terminal α-helix penetrates the membrane to build a toroidal pore. This model has been however recently challenged by the cryo-EM reconstruction of FraC bound to phospholipid vesicles. Actinoporins structural fold appears across all eukaryotic kingdoms in other functionally unrelated proteins. Many of these proteins neither bind to lipid membranes nor induce cell lysis. Finally, studies focusing on the therapeutic potential of actinoporins also abound
B-type lamins in health and disease.

For over two decades, B-type lamins were thought to have roles in fundamental processes including correct assembly of nuclear envelopes, DNA replication, transcription and cell survival. Recent studies have questioned these roles and have instead emphasised the role of these proteins in tissue building and tissue integrity, particularly in tissues devoid of A-type lamins. Other studies have suggested that the expression of B-type lamins in somatic cells influences the rate of entry into states of cellular senescence. In humans duplication of the LMNB1 gene (encoding lamin B1) causes an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder, termed autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, whilst very recently, LMNB1 has been implicated as a susceptibility gene in neural tube defects. This is consistent with studies in mice that reveal a critical role for B-type lamins in neuronal migration and brain development. In this review, I will consider how different model systems have contributed to our understanding of the functions of B-type lamins and which of those functions are critical for human health and disease
Simultaneous Multiwavelength observation of Mkn 501 in a low state in
  2006

We present results of the multiwavelength campaign on the TeV blazar Mkn 501
performed in 2006 July, including MAGIC for the VHE gamma-ray band and Suzaku
for the X-ray band. A VHE gamma-ray signal was clearly detected with an average
flux above 200 GeV of ~20 % of the Crab Nebula flux, which indicates a low
state of source activity in this energy range. No significant variability has
been found during the campaign. The VHE gamma-ray spectrum can be described by
a simple power-law from 80 GeV to 2 TeV with a photon index of 2.8+/-0.1, which
corresponds to one of the steepest photon indices observed in this energy range
so far for this object. The X-ray spectrum covers a wide range from 0.6 to 40
keV, and is well described by a broken power law, with photon indices of
2.257+/-0.004 and 2.420+/-0.012 below and above the break energy of 3.24+/-0.13
keV. No apparent high-energy cut off is seen above the break energy. Although
an increase of the flux of about 50 % is observed in the X-ray band within the
observation, the data indicate a consistently low state of activity for this
source. Time-resolved spectra show an evidence for spectral hardening with a
flux level. A homogeneous one-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model can
adequately describe the SED from the X-ray to the VHE gamma-ray bands with a
magnetic field intensity B=0.313 G and a Doppler beaming factor delta = 20,
which are similar to the values in the past multiwavelength campaigns in high
states. Based on our SSC parameters derived for the low state, we are able to
reproduce the SED of the high state by just changing the Lorentz factor of the
electrons corresponding to the break energy in the primary electron spectrum.
This suggests that the variation of the injected electron population in the jet
is responsible for the observed low-high state variation of the SED.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Anyon Bosonization of 2D Fermions and Single Boson Phase Diagram Implied
  from Experiment on Visualizing Pair Formation in Superconductor
  Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}

Recently, Gomes et al. [1] have visualized the gap formation in nanoscale
regions (NRs) above the critical temperature T_c in the high-T_c superconductor
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}. It has been found that, as the temperature lowers,
the NRs expand in the bulk superconducting state consisted of inhomogeneities.
The fact that the size of the inhomogeneity [2] is close to the minimal size of
the NR [1] leads to a conclusion that the superconducting phase is a result of
these overlapped NRs. In the present paper we perform the charge and
percolation regime analysis of NRs and show that at the first critical doping
x_{c1}, when the superconductivity starts on, each NR carries the positive
electric charge one in units of electron charge, thus we attribute the NR to a
single hole boson, and the percolation lines connecting these bosons emerge. At
the second critical doping x_{c2}, when the superconductivity disappears, our
analysis demonstrates that the charge of each NR equals two. The origin of
x_{c2} can be understood by introducing additional normal phase hole fermions
in NRs, whose concentration appearing above x_{c1} increases smoothly with the
doping and breaks the percolation lines of bosons at x_{c2}. The last one
results in disappearing the bulk bosonic property of the pseudogap (PG) region,
which explains the upper bound for existence of vortices in Nernst effect [3].
Since [1] has demonstrated the absence of NRs at the PG boundary one can
conclude that along this boundary, as well as in x_{c2}, all bosons disappear.
As justification of appearance of single bosons, the bosonization of 2D
fermions is rigorously proven using the concept of anyons. The linear density
dependence of the energy gap between excited fermionic and bosonic ground
states describes the Uemura relation for 2D superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. The title of paper is changed. Good quality figure
  one can find in published journal paper. Added 4 new references. The physical
  origin of the statistical magnetic field as the fictitious magnetic field of
  a Berry connection - anyon vector potential is clarified. Extended version of
  arXiv: 1005.214
GSH 91.5+2-114: A large HI shell in the outer part of the Galaxy

GSH91.5+2-114 is a large HI shell located in the outer Galaxy at a kinematic
distance of about 15 kpc. It was first identified in the Canadian Galactic
Plane Survey (CGPS) by Pineault et al. (2002) as being possibly associated with
objects possessing infrared colors which indicates strong stellar winds. The HI
shell has no obvious continuum counterpart in the CGPS radio images at 408 and
1420 MHz or in the IRAS images. We found no evidence for early-type massive
stars, most likely as a result of the large extinction that is expected for
this large distance. An analysis of the energetics and of the main physical
parameters of the HI shell shows that this shell is likely the result of the
combined action of the stellar winds and supernova explosions of many stars. We
investigate whether a number of slightly extended regions characterized by a
thermal radio continuum and located near the periphery of the HI shell could be
the result of star formation triggered by the expanding shell.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, October 2010. Some figures were
  degraded to reduce file siz
Determination of the transverse velocity of Q2237+0305

The largest systematic uncertainty present in the analysis of gravitationally
microlensed quasar light curves is that of the galactic transverse velocity. We
describe a method for determining the transverse velocity as well as its
application to published monitoring data of Q2237+0305 (Irwin et al. 1989;
Corrigan et al. 1991; Ostensen et al 1995). We find that while this data
displays strong evidence for microlensing, it limits the transverse velocity to
be < 500 km/sec (for microlens masses of 0.5 solar masses). In addition, by
combining these results with a new method for modelling the microlensing
contribution of stellar proper motions, we find that the masses of microlenses
in Q2237+0305 are consistent with those of low mass stars.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in "Gravitational Lensing: Recent
  Progress and Future Goals", ASP conference series, eds Brainerd & Kochane
Estimation of Hydrodynamical Model Parameters from the Invariant
  Spectrum and the Bose-Einstein Correlations of pi-mesons Produced in
  (pi+/K+)p Interactions at 250 GeV/c

The invariant spectra of pi- mesons produced in (pi+/K+)p interactions at 250
GeV/c are analysed in the framework of the hydrodynamical model of
three-dimensionally expanding cylindrically symmetric finite systems.
  A satisfactory description of experimental data is achieved.
  The data favour the pattern according to which the hadron matter undergoes
predominantly longitudinal expansion and non-relativistic transverse expansion
with mean transverse velocity <u_t> = 0.20(7), and is characterized by a large
temperature inhomogeneity in the transverse direction: the extracted freeze-out
temperature at the center of the tube and at the transverse rms radius are
140(3) MeV and 82(7) MeV, respectively. The width of the (longitudinal)
space-time rapidity distribution of the pion source is found to be Delta eta =
1.36(2).
  Combining this estimate with results of the Bose-Einstein correlation
analysis in the same experiment, one extracts a mean freeze-out time of the
source of <tau_f> = 1.4(1) fm/c and its transverse geometrical rms radius, R_G
(rms)=1.2(2) fm.Comment: latex, 14 pages, 5 figure
The Ademollo-Gatto theorem for lattice semileptonic decays

We present the results of the calculation of the Kl3 semileptonic form factor
at zero momentum transfer, f(0), obtained at one-loop in partially quenched
Chiral Perturbation Theory (with either Nf=2, or Nf=3, and with generic valence
and sea quark masses). We show that for Nf=2, when the masses of the valence
and sea light quarks are equal, the correction is of the order (MK^2-Mpi^2)^3.
The formulae presented here can be useful for the mass extrapolation of the
results obtained in lattice simulations to the physical point.Comment: 7 page
Hot thermal X-ray emission from the Be star HD119682

We present an analysis of a series of four consecutive Chandra high
resolution transmission gratings observations, amounting to a total of 150 ks,
of the Be X-ray source HD119682 (= 1WGA J1346.5-6255), a member of the new
class of gamma Cas analogs. The Chandra lightcurve shows significant brightness
variations on timescales of hours. However, the spectral distribution appears
rather stable within each observation and during the whole campaign. A detailed
analysis is not able to detect any coherent pulsation up to a frequency of 0.05
Hz. The Chandra HETG spectrum seems to be devoid of any strong emission line,
including Fe alpha fluorescence. The continuum is well described with the
addition of two collisionally ionized plasmas of temperatures kT = 15 keV and
0.2 keV respectively, by the apec model. Models using photoionized plasma
components (mekal) or non thermal components (powerlaw) give poorer fits,
giving support to the pure thermal scenario. These two components are absorbed
by a single column with N_H=(0.20^+0.15-0.03) x 10^22 cm^-2 compatible with the
interstellar value. We conclude that HD119682 can be regarded as a pole-on
gamma Cas analog.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ (5 pages, 4 Figures
DELPHES 3, A modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider
  experiment

The version 3.0 of the DELPHES fast-simulation is presented. The goal of
DELPHES is to allow the simulation of a multipurpose detector for
phenomenological studies. The simulation includes a track propagation system
embedded in a magnetic field, electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters, and a
muon identification system. Physics objects that can be used for data analysis
are then reconstructed from the simulated detector response. These include
tracks and calorimeter deposits and high level objects such as isolated
electrons, jets, taus, and missing energy. The new modular approach allows for
greater flexibility in the design of the simulation and reconstruction
sequence. New features such as the particle-flow reconstruction approach,
crucial in the first years of the LHC, and pile-up simulation and mitigation,
which is needed for the simulation of the LHC detectors in the near future,
have also been implemented. The DELPHES framework is not meant to be used for
advanced detector studies, for which more accurate tools are needed. Although
some aspects of DELPHES are hadron collider specific, it is flexible enough to
be adapted to the needs of electron-positron collider experiments.Comment: JHEP 1402 (2014
Jet (de)coherence in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

We study the modifications of jets created in heavy-ion collisions at LHC
energies. The inherent hierarchy of scales governing the jet evolution allows
to distinguish a leading jet structure, which interacts coherently with the
medium as a single color charge, from softer sub-structures that will be
sensitive to effects of color decoherence. We argue how this separation comes
about and show that this picture is consistent with experimental data on
reconstructed jets at the LHC, providing a quantitative description
simultaneously of the jet nuclear modification factor, the missing energy in
di-jet events and the modification of the fragmentation functions. In
particular, we demonstrate that effects due to color decoherence are manifest
in the excess of soft particles measured in fragmentation functions in Pb-Pb
compared to proton-proton collisions.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Probing the critical behavior in the evolution of GDR width at very low
  temperatures in A~100 mass region

The influence of giant dipole resonance (GDR) induced quadrupole moment on
GDR width at low temperatures is investigated experimentally by measuring GDR
width systematically in the unexplored temperature range $T$=0.8-1.5 MeV, for
the first time, in $A$ $\sim$ 100 mass region. The measured GDR widths, using
alpha induced fusion reaction, for $^{97}$Tc confirm that the GDR width remains
constant at the ground state value up to a critical temperature and increases
sharply thereafter with increase in $T$. The data have been compared with the
adiabatic Thermal Shape Fluctuation Model (TSFM), phenomenological Critical
Temperature Fluctuation Model (CTFM) and microscopic Phonon Damping Model
(PDM). Interestingly, CTFM and PDM give similar results and agree with the
data, whereas the TSFM differs significantly even after incorporating the shell
effects.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Photonic nano-structures on (111) oriented diamond

We demonstrate the fabrication of single-crystalline diamond nanopillars on a
(111)-oriented chemical vapor deposited diamond substrate. This crystal
orientation offers optimal coupling of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center emission to
the nanopillar mode and is thus advantageous over previous approaches. We
characterize single native NV centers in these nanopillars and find one of the
highest reported saturated fluorescence count rates in single crystalline
diamond in excess of 10${}^6$ counts per second. We show that our
nano-fabrication procedure conserves the preferential alignment as well as the
spin coherence of the NVs in our structures. Our results will enable a new
generation of highly sensitive probes for NV magnetometry and pave the way
toward photonic crystals with optimal orientation of the NV center's emission
dipole.Comment: 4 pages original manuscript, 3 pages supplementary materia
Twistor/ambitwistor strings and null-superstrings in spacetime of D=4,10
  and 11 dimensions

We show that, at the classical level, the recently proposed `ambitwistor
string' model is equivalent to the spinor moving frame formulation of
null-supersting, which in its turn is equivalent to Siegel's formulation of
closed twistor string or to its higher dimensional generalizations. Although
the null-(super)string is usually considered as describing the tensionless
limit of (super)string, we show that its action can be derived from the spinor
moving frame formulation of superstring also in the infinite tension limit.
This observation allows us to argue on the absence of critical dimensions and
suggests that the (ambi)twistor string based technique(s) to calculate field
theory amplitudes can be developed not only in D=10 or 26, but also in D=11 and
other dimensions. The D=11 and D=10 twistor strings are described in some
details.Comment: 1+23 pages. V2: acknowledgments, one reference and two comments adde
Characteristic Operator Functions for Quantum Input-Plant-Output Models
  & Coherent Control

We introduce the characteristic operator as the generalization of the usual
concept of a transfer function of linear input-plant-output systems to
arbitrary quantum nonlinear Markovian input-output models. This is intended as
a tool in the characterization of quantum feedback control systems that fits in
with the general theory of networks. The definition exploits the linearity of
noise differentials in both the plant Heisenberg equations of motion and the
differential form of the input-output relations. Mathematically, the
characteristic operator is a matrix of dimension equal to the number of outputs
times the number of inputs (which must coincide), but with entries that are
operators of the plant system. In this sense the characteristic operator
retains details of the effective plant dynamical structure and is an
essentially quantum object. We illustrate the relevance to model reduction and
simplification by showing that the convergence of the characteristic operator
in adiabatic elimination limit models requires the same conditions and
assumptions appearing in the work on limit quantum stochastic differential
theorems of Bouten and Silberfarb. This approach also shows in a natural way
that the limit coefficients of the quantum stochastic differential equations in
adiabatic elimination problems arise algebraically as Schur complements, and
amounts to a model reduction where the fast degrees of freedom are decoupled
from the slow ones, and eliminated.Comment: 22 pages, 1 figure (To appear Journal Mathematical Physics, January
  2015
Strichartz estimates and moment bounds for the relativistic
  Vlasov-Maxwell system I. The $2$-D and $2\frac 12$-D cases

Consider the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system with initial data of
unrestricted size. In the two dimensional and the two and a half dimensional
cases, Glassey-Schaeffer (1997, 1998, 1998) proved that for regular initial
data with compact momentum support this system has unique global in time
classical solutions. In this work we do not assume compact momentum support for
the initial data and instead require only that the data have polynomial decay
in momentum space. In the 2D and the $2\frac 12$D cases, we prove the global
existence, uniqueness and regularity for solutions arising from this class of
initial data. To this end we use Strichartz estimates and prove that suitable
moments of the solution remain bounded. Moreover, we obtain a slight
improvement of the temporal growth of the $L^\infty_x$ norms of the
electromagnetic fields compared to Glassey-Schaeffer.Comment: 62 pages, submitte