pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Even-Skipped⁺ Interneurons Are Core Components of a Sensorimotor Circuit that Maintains Left-Right Symmetric Muscle Contraction Amplitude

Bilaterally symmetric motor patterns—those in which left-right pairs of muscles contract synchronously and with equal amplitude (such as breathing, smiling, whisking, and locomotion)—are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Yet, surprisingly little is known about the underlying neural circuits. We performed a thermogenetic screen to identify neurons required for bilaterally symmetric locomotion in Drosophila larvae and identified the evolutionarily conserved Even-skipped⁺ interneurons (Eve/Evx). Activation or ablation of Eve⁺ interneurons disrupted bilaterally symmetric muscle contraction amplitude, without affecting the timing of motor output. Eve⁺ interneurons are not rhythmically active and thus function independently of the locomotor CPG. GCaMP6 calcium imaging of Eve⁺ interneurons in freely moving larvae showed left-right asymmetric activation that correlated with larval behavior. TEM reconstruction of Eve⁺ interneuron inputs and outputs showed that the Eve⁺ interneurons are at the core of a sensorimotor circuit capable of detecting and modifying body wall muscle contraction.This work was supported by NIH grant MH051383 (S.R.L.), American Heart Association #0920025G post-doctoral fellowship (E.S.H.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, where C.Q.D. is an Investigator. M.L. was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust (092986/Z) and by an Isaac Newton Trust/Wellcome Trust ISSF Research Grant. We thank the HHMI Janelia Fly EM Project Team for providing the raw data of the whole CNS EM volume.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.00
Measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and constraints on its couplings from a combined ATLAS and CMS analysis of the LHC pp collision data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV

Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or a Z boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes H → ZZ, W W , γγ, ττ, bb, and μμ. All results are reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses the CERN LHC proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5 fb$^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV and 20 fb−1 at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the two experiments are combined within the context of three generic parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 ± 0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector boson fusion production process and for the H → ττ decay of 5.4 and 5.5 standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered
University access and after : explaining the social composition of degree programmes and the contrasting expectations of students

Background of INCASI Project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015 GA 691004. WP1: CompilationUniversity expansion in higher education has been hierarchically differentiated. There is some concentration of certain social profiles in some degrees of study, so social composition between degrees can vary considerably. This article describes in terms of social composition 10 degrees of four public universities in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. We analyse 857 questionnaires filled in by mid-career students. From the perspective of agent’s decision on the choice of studies, we explore what were the factors that made them choose a concrete degree. We examine several variables that can indicate whether their expectations have been met or not. The results show that the factors predicted by the theory by which working-class (WC) students choose degrees—instrumental motivations and conditions that minimize the risk—are often met. In this regard, the recent structural reform related with the implementation of the European Higher Education Area that removes short- cycles degrees (3 years) could lead to a problem of access for WC student
How to fragment peralkaline rhyolites : observations on pumice using combined multi-scale 2D and 3D imaging.

Peralkaline rhyolites are volatile-rich magmas that typically erupt in continental rift settings. The high alkali and halogen content of these magmas results in viscosities two to three orders of magnitude lower than in calc-alkaline rhyolites. Unless extensive microlite crystallisation occurs, the calculated strain rates required for fragmentation are unrealistically high, yet peralkaline pumices from explosive eruptions of varying scales are commonly microlite-free. Here we present a combined 2D scanning electron microscopy and 3D X-ray microtomography study of peralkaline rhyolite vesicle textures designed to investigate fragmentation processes. Microlite-free peralkaline pumice textures from Pantelleria, Italy, strongly resemble those from calc-alkaline rhyolites on both macro and micro scales. These textures imply that the pumices fragmented in a brittle fashion and that their peralkaline chemistry had little direct effect on textural evolution during bubble nucleation and growth. We suggest that the observed pumice textures evolved in response to high decompression rates and that peralkaline rhyolite magmas can fragment when strain localisation and high bubble overpressures develop during rapid ascent
Search for anomalous single top quark production in association with a photon in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The result of a search for flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) through single top quark production in association with a photon is presented. The study is based on proton- proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 inverse femtobarns. The search for t gamma events where t to Wb and W to mu nu is conducted in final states with a muon, a photon, at least one hadronic jet with at most one being consistent with originating from a bottom quark, and missing transverse momentum. No evidence of single top quark production in association with a photon through a FCNC is observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the tu gamma and tc gamma anomalous couplings and translated into upper limits on the branching gamma) &lt; 1.7E- 3. Upper limits are also set on the cross section of associated t gamma production in a restricted phase-space region. These are the most stringent limits currently available
Search for W ′ →tb ¯  in the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, called W ′ , is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s= 8 TeV, using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹. This analysis searches for W ′ bosons in the W ′ →tb ¯ decay channel in final states with electrons or muons, using a multivariate method based on boosted decision trees. The search covers masses between 0.5 and 3.0 TeV, for right-handed or left-handed W ′   bosons. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed and limits are set on the W ′ →tb ¯ cross-section times branching ratio and on the W ′ -boson effective couplings as a function of the W ′-boson mass using the CL s   procedure. For a left-handed (right-handed) W ′ boson, masses below 1.70 (1.92) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level
A Yeast Synthetic Network for In Vivo Assessment of Reverse-Engineering and Modeling Approaches

SummarySystems biology approaches are extensively used to model and reverse engineer gene regulatory networks from experimental data. Conversely, synthetic biology allows “de novo” construction of a regulatory network to seed new functions in the cell. At present, the usefulness and predictive ability of modeling and reverse engineering cannot be assessed and compared rigorously. We built in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae a synthetic network, IRMA, for in vivo “benchmarking” of reverse-engineering and modeling approaches. The network is composed of five genes regulating each other through a variety of regulatory interactions; it is negligibly affected by endogenous genes, and it is responsive to small molecules. We measured time series and steady-state expression data after multiple perturbations. These data were used to assess state-of-the-art modeling and reverse-engineering techniques. A semiquantitative model was able to capture and predict the behavior of the network. Reverse engineering based on differential equations and Bayesian networks correctly inferred regulatory interactions from the experimental data
A custodial symmetry for Zbb¯

AbstractWe show that a subgroup of the custodial symmetry O(3) that protects Δρ from radiative corrections can also protect the Zbb¯ coupling. This allows one to build models of electroweak symmetry breaking, such as higgsless, little Higgs or 5D composite Higgs models, that are safe from corrections to Z→bb¯. We show that when this symmetry protects Zbb¯ it cannot simultaneously protect Ztt¯ and Wtb¯. Therefore one can expect to measure sizable deviations from the SM predictions of these couplings at future collider experiments. We also show under what circumstances ZbRb¯R can receive corrections in the right direction to explain the anomaly in the LEP/SLD forward–backward asymmetry AFBb
Examining the characteristics and managerial challenges of professional services: An empirical study of management consultancy in the travel, tourism, and hospitality sector

AbstractThis paper finds that OM's ‘one-size-fits-all’ characterization of professional services, namely high levels of customer engagement, extensive customization, knowledge intensity, and low levels of capital intensity, does not hold when carrying out a ‘deep dive’ (to the best of our knowledge, a first in this area of OM) into consultancy in the US travel, tourism, and hospitality sector. We analyse mixed-method data (semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a best–worst choice experimental survey) and observe that consultancy can actually be quite remote and passive and that any periods of face-to-face ‘engagement’ will typically be time limited and focused on specific project phases. Moreover, and further confirming the value of a study that allowed us to investigate professional service operations in a specific market context, our data suggest this may often be at the behest of the client. The significant variation observed in levels of customization we interpret as confirming Maister's (1993) notion of a portfolio of brains, grey hair, and procedural work. We also observed relatively high levels of capital intensity; reflecting perhaps the vintage of most OM characterizations and the dramatic ICT-related changes that have occurred in all business operations in the last 20 years. The work also demonstrates the necessity of a more contingent perspective on PSOM. We assess the impact of both firm (scale, specialization) and individual level (leverage) characteristics to demonstrate significant variation within what might be expected to be a relatively homogenous group of professional service operations. For example, investigating the effects of specialization (via a typology of consulting operations: super-specialists, generalists, deep knowledge traders, deep market knowledge traders) revealed that relative degree of interaction may be dependent upon degree of expertise, such that it was the super-specialists in our sample that spent less time with clients and the more generalist firms who were complementing their limited expert status with high levels of interaction (networking, etc.)
A Novel Model of Urinary Tract Differentiation, Tissue Regeneration, and Disease: Reprogramming Human Prostate and Bladder Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

AbstractBackgroundPrimary culture and animal and cell-line models of prostate and bladder development have limitations in describing human biology, and novel strategies that describe the full spectrum of differentiation from foetal through to ageing tissue are required. Recent advances in biology demonstrate that direct reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells is possible. These cells, termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), could theoretically generate adult prostate and bladder tissue, providing an alternative strategy to study differentiation.ObjectiveTo generate human iPSCs derived from normal, ageing, human prostate (Pro-iPSC), and urinary tract (UT-iPSC) tissue and to assess their capacity for lineage-directed differentiation.Design, setting, and participantsProstate and urinary tract stroma were transduced with POU class 5 homeobox 1 (POU5F1; formerly OCT4), SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2 (SOX2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (gut) (KLF4), and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian) (MYC, formerly C-MYC) genes to generate iPSCs.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe potential for differentiation into prostate and bladder lineages was compared with classical skin-derived iPSCs. The student t test was used.Results and limitationsSuccessful reprogramming of prostate tissue into Pro-iPSCs and bladder and ureter into UT-iPSCs was demonstrated by characteristic ESC morphology, marker expression, and functional pluripotency in generating all three germ-layer lineages. In contrast to conventional skin-derived iPSCs, Pro-iPSCs showed a vastly increased ability to generate prostate epithelial-specific differentiation, as characterised by androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen induction. Similarly, UT-iPSCs were shown to be more efficient than skin-derived iPSCs in undergoing bladder differentiation as demonstrated by expression of urothelial-specific markers: uroplakins, claudins, and cytokeratin; and stromal smooth muscle markers: α-smooth-muscle actin, calponin, and desmin. These disparities are likely to represent epigenetic differences between individual iPSC lines and highlight the importance of organ-specific iPSCs for tissue-specific studies.ConclusionsIPSCs provide an exciting new model to characterise mechanisms regulating prostate and bladder differentiation and to develop novel approaches to disease modelling. Regeneration of bladder cells also provides an exceptional opportunity for translational tissue engineering
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decay to μ+μ− with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search is reported for Higgs boson decay to μ+μ− using data with an integrated luminosity of 24.8 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s=7and8 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The observed dimuon invariant mass distribution is consistent with the Standard Model background-only hypothesis in the 120–150 GeV search range. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.5 GeV, the observed (expected) upper limit at the 95% confidence level is 7.0 (7.2) times the Standard Model expectation. This corresponds to an upper limit on the branching ratio BR(H→μ+μ−) of 1.5×10−3
The Vpu-regulated endocytosis of HIV-1 Gag is clathrin-independent

AbstractRecent results by us and others have shown that the accessory protein Vpu determines plasma membrane versus endosomal accumulation of the HIV-1 core protein Gag and progeny virions in the HeLa model of HIV-1 infection, since Vpu suppresses endocytosis of cell surface-associated Gag. In this report, we used pulse-chase studies and subcellular fractionations to investigate endocytosis of newly synthesized Gag in HeLa H1 cells. The uptake of Gag in ΔVpu-virus background was not blocked by inhibitors of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. The cholesterol-sequestering drug filipin inhibited the uptake, but only if the drug was applied before extensive multimerization of Gag had taken place. Thus, the uptake mechanism most likely is only indirectly dependent on cholesterol. Our results also indicated that targeting phenotype of Gag was different in confluent versus subconfluent cell cultures, which could perhaps explain some of the controversies in intracellular targeting of Gag
Full one-loop corrections to neutralino pair production in e+e− annihilation

AbstractWe present the full one-loop radiative corrections to pair production of neutralinos in e+e− collisions within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Particular attention is paid to the definition of weak and QED corrections. The non-universal QED corrections are extracted by subtracting the initial state radiation. We give numerical results for two different SUSY scenarios for e+e−→χ̃01χ̃02 and e+e−→χ̃02χ̃02. The weak and QED corrections are up to several percent or even larger and need to be taken into account at future linear collider experiments
Gravitino dark matter and the flavour structure of R-violating operators

AbstractWe study gravitino dark matter and slow gravitino decays within the framework of R-violating supersymmetry, with particular emphasis on the flavour dependence of the branching ratios and the allowed R-violating couplings. The dominant decay modes and final state products turn out to be very sensitive to the R-violating hierarchies. Mixing effects can be crucial in correctly deriving the relative magnitude of the various contributions, particularly for heavy flavours with phase space suppression. The study of the strength of different decay rates for the gravitino is also correlated to collider signatures expected from decays of the Next-to-Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (NLSP) and to single superparticle production
Stated preferences based estimation of power interruption costs in private households: An example from Germany

AbstractConcerns regarding supply security are increasingly raised in reaction to the transition of the German energy system toward a renewable and nuclear-free system called “Energiewende”. The goal of this work is to contribute to a measurability of supply security by quantifying the consequences of power interruptions monetarily. The focus lies within the investigation of power interruption costs in private households. An online survey with 859 participants in 2011 is used to gather the necessary data. Based on this data, a two-staged bottom-up regression model was estimated to describe interruption costs for durations of 15 min, 1 h, 4 h, 1 day and 4 days. Finally, micro-data from 55,000 households were used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to increase the representativeness of the estimations. The frequency distributions of the estimated interruption costs indicate potentials for load-shedding measures. Such measures could be an economically viable contribution to a successful integration of large shares of renewable fluctuating generation like wind or solar power
Hadron–hadron interactions from imaginary-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter wave function on the lattice

AbstractImaginary-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter (NBS) wave function is introduced to extend our previous approach for hadron–hadron interactions on the lattice. Scattering states of hadrons with different energies encoded in the NBS wave function are utilized to extract non-local hadron–hadron potential. “The ground state saturation”, which is commonly used in lattice QCD but is hard to be achieved for multi-baryons, is not required. We demonstrate that the present method works efficiently for the nucleon–nucleon interaction (the potential and the phase shift) in the S01 channel
Relaxed singular vectors, Jack symmetric functions and fractional level slˆ(2) models

AbstractThe fractional level models are (logarithmic) conformal field theories associated with affine Kac–Moody (super)algebras at certain levels k∈Q. They are particularly noteworthy because of several longstanding difficulties that have only recently been resolved. Here, Wakimoto's free field realisation is combined with the theory of Jack symmetric functions to analyse the fractional level slˆ(2) models. The first main results are explicit formulae for the singular vectors of minimal grade in relaxed Wakimoto modules. These are closely related to the minimal grade singular vectors in relaxed (parabolic) Verma modules. Further results include an explicit presentation of Zhu's algebra and an elegant new proof of the classification of simple relaxed highest weight modules over the corresponding vertex operator algebra. These results suggest that generalisations to higher rank fractional level models are now within reach
Relationship between imaging biomarkers, age, progression and symptom severity in Alzheimer's disease

AbstractThe early diagnostic value of glucose hypometabolism and atrophy as potential neuroimaging biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been extensively explored using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The vast majority of previous imaging studies neglected the effects of single factors, such as age, symptom severity or time to conversion in MCI thus limiting generalisability of results across studies. Here, we investigated the impact of these factors on metabolic and structural differences. FDG-PET and MRI data from AD patients (n=80), MCI converters (n=65) and MCI non-converters (n=64) were compared to data of healthy subjects (n=79). All patient groups were split into subgroups by age, time to conversion (for MCI), or symptom severity and compared to the control group. AD patients showed a strongly age-dependent pattern, with younger patients showing significantly more extensive reductions in gray matter volume and glucose utilisation. In the MCI converter group, the amount of glucose utilisation reduction was linked to the time to conversion but not to atrophy. Our findings indicate that FDG-PET might be more closely linked to future cognitive decline whilst MRI being more closely related to the current cognitive state reflects potentially irreversible damage
Loop groups in Yang–Mills theory

AbstractWe consider the Yang–Mills equations with a matrix gauge group G on the de Sitter dS4, anti-de Sitter AdS4 and Minkowski R3,1 spaces. On all these spaces one can introduce a doubly warped metric in the form ds2=−du2+f2dv2+h2dsH22, where f and h are the functions of u and dsH22 is the metric on the two-dimensional hyperbolic space H2. We show that in the adiabatic limit, when the metric on H2 is scaled down, the Yang–Mills equations become the sigma-model equations describing harmonic maps from a two-dimensional manifold (dS2, AdS2 or R1,1, respectively) into the based loop group ΩG=C∞(S1,G)/G of smooth maps from the boundary circle S1=∂H2 of H2 into the gauge group G. For compact groups G these harmonic map equations are reduced to equations of geodesics on ΩG, solutions of which yield magnetic-type configurations of Yang–Mills fields. The group ΩG naturally acts on their moduli space