pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effect of ion flux on helium retention in helium-irradiated tungsten

Helium retention in irradiated tungsten leads to swelling, pore formation, sample exfoliation and embrittlement with deleterious consequences in many applications. In particular, the use of tungsten in future nuclear fusion plants is proposed due to its good refractory properties. However, serious concerns about tungsten survivability stems from the fact that it must withstand severe irradiation conditions. In magnetic fusion as well as in inertial fusion (particularly with direct drive targets), tungsten components will be exposed to low and high energy ion irradiation (helium), respectively. A common feature is that the most detrimental situations will take place in pulsed mode, i.e., high flux irradiation. There is increasing evidence of a correlation between a high helium flux and an enhancement of detrimental effects on tungsten. Nevertheless, the nature of these effects is not well understood due to the subtleties imposed by the exact temperature profile evolution, ion energy, pulse duration, existence of impurities and simultaneous irradiation with other species. Object Kinetic Monte Carlo is the technique of choice to simulate the evolution of radiation-induced damage inside solids in large temporal and space scales. We have used the recently developed code MMonCa (Modular Monte Carlo simulator), presented at COSIRES 2012 for the first time, to study He retention (and in general defect evolution) in tungsten samples irradiated with high intensity helium pulses. The code simulates the interactions among a large variety of defects and during the irradiation stage and the subsequent annealing steps. The results show that the pulsed mode leads to significantly higher He retention at temperatures higher than 700 K. In this paper we discuss the process of He retention in terms of trap evolution. In addition, we discuss the implications of these findings for inertial fusion
Analysis of measured and simulated supraglottal acoustic waves

To date, although much attention has been paid to the estimation and modeling of the voice source (ie, the glottal airflow volume velocity), the measurement and characterization of the supraglottal pressure wave have been much less studied. Some previous results have unveiled that the supraglottal pressure wave has some spectral resonances similar to those of the voice pressure wave. This makes the supraglottal wave partially intelligible. Although the explanation for such effect seems to be clearly related to the reflected pressure wave traveling upstream along the vocal tract, the influence that nonlinear source-filter interaction has on it is not as clear. This article provides an insight into this issue by comparing the acoustic analyses of measured and simulated supraglottal and voice waves. Simulations have been performed using a high-dimensional discrete vocal fold model. Results of such comparative analysis indicate that spectral resonances in the supraglottal wave are mainly caused by the regressive pressure wave that travels upstream along the vocal tract and not by source-tract interaction. On the contrary and according to simulation results, source-tract interaction has a role in the loss of intelligibility that happens in the supraglottal wave with respect to the voice wave. This loss of intelligibility mainly corresponds to spectral differences for frequencies above 1500 Hz
Early stages of building a rare disease registry, methods and 2010 data from the Belgian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (BNMDR)

The Belgian Neuromuscular Disease Registry, commissioned in 2008, aims to collect data to improve knowledge on neuromuscular diseases and enhance quality health services for neuromuscular disease patients. This paper presents a clear outline of the strategy to launch a global national registry. All patients diagnosed with one of the predefined 62 neuromuscular disease groups and living in Belgium may be included in the yearly updated Registry. Basic core data is harvested through a newly designed web application by the six accredited neuromuscular reference centres. In 2010, 3,424 patients with a neuromuscular disorder were registered. The most prevalent disease group in the Registry is Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy, as similarly stated by other studies, albeit the prevalence in Belgium is five times lower: 6.5 per 100,000 in the north of Belgium, versus 17.0-41.0 per 100,000 in other areas of Europe. Very few patients were captured in the south of the country. With the aim to collect valuable epidemiological data, the registry targets to gather high quality data, that the sample to be representative of the population and that it be complete. The past 5 years of building the registry have improved its quality, albeit the consistent gap in data from the south of the country prevails, influencing the estimated prevalence of these diseases. To this day, the true burden of neuromuscular diseases in Belgium is not known but actions have been undertaken to address these issues
Lattice dynamics and migration enthalpies in CoPt3 and FePd

The frequencies of the normal modes of vibration of CoPt3 and FePd single crystals have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering. The measurements were performed in the L1(2) ordered phase (at 300 and 930 K) for CoPt3 and in the L1(0) ordered phase (at 300 and 860 K) for FePd. Dispersion curves were also measured in the fcc disordered states, at 1060 and 1020 K for CoPt3 and FePd, respectively. The activation enthalpy of atomic migration has been evaluated from the phonon density of states by applying Schober's model [H. R. Schober , J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4, 9321 (1992)] and its extension to the L1(2) ordered structure. The phonon properties of FePd3 reported in the literature have been analyzed similarly and are compared with the results for CoPt3 and FePd. The contribution of the long-range order to the migration enthalpy estimated in the present analyses agrees well in magnitude with the previous evaluation by Monte Carlo simulation for alloys of the fcc, L1(2), and L1(0) structures
On the Vainshtein mechanism in the minimal model of massive gravity

We reinvestigate the fate of the Vainhstein mechanism in the minimal model of dRGT massive gravity. As the latter is characterised by the complete absence of interactions in the decoupling limit, we study their structure at higher energies. We show that in static spherically symmetric configurations, the lowest energy scale of interactions is pushed up to the Planck mass. This fact points towards an absence of Vainshtein mechanism in this framework, but does not prove it. By resorting to the exact vacuum equations of motion, we show that there is indeed an obstruction that precludes any recovery of General Relativity under the conditions of stationarity and spherical symmetry. However, we argue that the latter are too restrictive and might miss some important physical phenomena. Indeed, we point out
that in generic non spherically symmetric or time-dependent situations, interactions arising at energies arbitrarily close to the energy scale of the decoupling limit reappear. This leads us to question whether the small degree of spherical symmetry breaking in the solar system can be sufficient to give rise to a successful Vainshtein mechanism
FQHE on curved backgrounds, free fields and large N

We study the free energy of the Laughlin state on curved backgrounds, starting from the free field representation. A simple argument, based on the computation of the gravitational effective action from the transformation properties of Green functions under the change of the metric, allows to compute the first three terms of the expansion in large magnetic field. The leading and subleading contributions are given by the Aubin-Yau and Mabuchi functionals respectively, whereas the Liouville action appears at next-to-next-to-leading order. We also derive a path integral representation for the remainder terms. They correspond to a large mass expansion for a related interacting scalar field theory and are thus given by local polynomials in curvature invariants
Holographic entanglement and causal shadow in time-dependent Janus black hole

We holographically compute an inter-boundary entanglement entropy in a time-dependent two-sided black hole which was constructed in [1] by applying time-dependent Janus deformation to BTZ black hole. The black hole contains “causal shadow region” which is causally disconnected from both the conformal boundaries. We find that the Janus deformation results in an earlier phase transition between the extremal surfaces and that the phase transition disappears when the causal shadow is sufficiently large
Constraints on galactic wino densities from gamma ray lines

We systematically compute the annihilation rate for neutral winos into the final state γ + X , including all leading radiative corrections. This includes both the Sommerfeld enhancement (in the decoupling limit for the Higgsino) and the resummation of the leading electroweak double logarithms. Adopting an analysis of the HESS experiment, we place constraints on the mass as a function of the wino fraction of the dark matter and the shape of the dark matter profile. We also determine how much coring is needed in the dark matter halo to make the wino a viable candidate as a function of its mass. Additionally, as part of our effective field theory formalism, we show that in the pure-Standard Model sector of our theory, emissions of soft Higgses are power-suppressed and that collinear Higgs emission does not contribute to leading double logs
New calibrations and time stability of the response of the INTERCAST
  CR-39

We present new calibrations of different production batches (from 1989 to
1999) of the INTERCAST CR-39, using the BNL-AGS 1 A GeV iron beam. The
comparison with previous results, obtained with the 158 A GeV lead beam from
the CERN-SPS shows that, while each production batch has a different
calibration curve (mainly due to minor differences in the production
conditions), the aging effect is negligible. We also tested the dependence of
the CR-39 response from the time elapsed between exposure and analysis (fading
effect). The fading effect, if present, is less than 10%. It may be compatible
with the experimental uncertainties on the bulk etching rate vB
Awards unbundled: evidence from a natural field experiment

Organizations often use non-monetary awards to incentivize performance. Awards may affect behavior through several mechanisms: by conferring employer recognition, by enhancing social visibility, and by facilitating social comparison. In a nationwide health worker training program in Zambia, we design a field experiment to unbundle these mechanisms. We find that employer recognition and social visibility increase performance while social comparison reduces it, especially for low-ability trainees. These effects appear when treatments are announced and persist through training. The findings are consistent with a model of optimal expectations in which low-ability individuals exert low effort in order to avoid information about their relative ability
The health care system reform in China: Effects on out-of-pocket expenses and saving

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of 1998 Chinese health care reform on out-of-pocket expenditure and on saving. Existing evidence on the results achieved by this reform in terms of reduction of out-of-pocket medical expenditures is still mixed and contradictory, and very little is known about the impact of these measures on the consumption and saving behavior of the\ud
Chinese population. To shed more light on this issue we use data collected in 1995 and 2002 by the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). Contrary to previous evidence, our findings suggest that the effects of the reformhave beenmore articulated and heterogeneous. In fact, we find that\ud
once properly accounting for income distribution and unobserved heterogeneity (potentially induced by health status), out-of-pocket medical expenses and saving rate are affected by the reform in a differentiated way. In particular, we find that out-of-pocket expenses decrease only for high income individuals with good health status and the saving rate increases only for low\ud
income individuals with good health status. This result is actually worrisome, as it suggests that the public health coverage after the reform provides financial protection only to individuals that are relatively better off (with good health status and/or high income)
‘Wandering and Settled Tribes’: Biopolitics, Citizenship, and the Racialized Migrant

This paper argues that purportedly outdated racial categories continue to resonate in contemporary forms of racialization. I examine the use of metaphors of rootedness and shadows by a contemporary UK migrant advocacy organization and its allies to justify migrant regularization and manage illicit circulation. I argue that the distinction between rooted and rootless peoples draws on the colonial and racial distinctions between wandering and settled peoples. Contemporary notions of citizenship continue to draw upon and activate racial forms of differentiation. Citizenship is thus part of a form of racial governance that operates not only along biological but also social and cultural lines, infusing race into the structures, practices, and techniques of governance
Optogenetic activation of septal cholinergic neurons suppresses sharp wave ripples and enhances theta oscillations in the hippocampus

Theta oscillations in the limbic system depend on the integrity of the medial septum. The different populations of medial septal neurons (cholinergic and GABAergic) are assumed to affect different aspects of theta oscillations. Using optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic neurons in ChAT-Cre mice, we investigated  their effects on hippocampal local field potentials in both anesthetized and behaving mice. Cholinergic stimulation completely blocked sharp wave ripples and  strongly suppressed the power of both slow oscillations (0.5-2 Hz in anesthetized, 0.5-4 Hz in behaving animals) and supratheta (6-10 Hz in anesthetized, 10-25 Hz in behaving animals) bands. The same stimulation robustly  increased both the power and coherence of theta oscillations (2-6 Hz) in urethane-anesthetized mice. In behaving mice, cholinergic stimulation was less effective in the theta (4-10 Hz) band yet it also increased the ratio of theta/slow oscillation and theta coherence. The effects on gamma oscillations largely mirrored those of theta. These findings show that medial septal cholinergic activation can both enhance theta rhythm and suppress peri-theta frequency bands, allowing theta oscillations to dominate
Analysis of perimeter recombination in the subcells of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells

This paper studies the recombination at the perimeter in the subcells that constitute a GaInP/GaAs/Ge lattice-matched triple-junction solar cell. For that, diodes of different sizes and consequently different perimeter/area ratios have been manufactured in single-junction solar cells resembling the subcells in a triple-junction solar cell. It has been found that neither in GaInP nor in Ge solar cells the recombination at the perimeter is significant in devices as small as 500 μm × 500μm(2.5 ⋅ 10 − 3 cm2) in GaInP and 250μm  × 250μm (6.25 ⋅ 10 − 4cm2) in Ge. However, in GaAs, the recombination at the perimeter is not negligible at low voltages even in devices as large as 1cm2, and it is the main limiting recombination factor in the open circuit voltage even at high concentrations in solar cells of 250 μm  × 250μm (6.25 ⋅ 10 − 4 cm2) or smaller. Therefore, the recombination at the perimeter in GaAs should be taken into account when optimizing triple-junction solar cells
A note on 2-input neoclassical production functions

International audienceIn this short note, we show how the space of elasticity of substitution functions maps into the space of 2-input neoclassical production functions. In doing so we derive a general analytical formula for every 2-input neoclassical production function of class C2. We present a simple set of sufficient conditions for the Inada conditions to hold; and prove that the Solow model under capital-augmenting (or investment-specific) technical change is asymptotically balanced if and only if the capital share converges to a non-degenerated limit as the capital-labor ratio tends to infinity
Reductionist perspectives and the notion of information

International audienceReductionism is the dominant stance of biology. According to this perspective, biological phenomena have to fit with physical explanations. Some biologists thought that the introduction of the idea of program was a sound way to overcome both physicalism and reductionism. We argue instead that the introduction of information theory into biology did not liberate biology from reductionism. We argue that the adoption of information in biology is an erroneous transposition from a specific mathematical domain to one where it does not belong. Indeed, the mathematical framework of the information theory is too rigid and discrete to fit with biological phenomena. Therefore, information in biology represents an inappropriate metaphor. Then, we make explicit the use of metaphors and the choice of explanation mode. We argue that the choice of explanation is not neutral. Furthermore, the use of metaphors in science becomes dangerous when they take the place of theories and they lose their paradoxical content
Goal-oriented test data generation for pointer programs

Goal-oriented test data generation; Constraint Logic Programming; Static Single Assignment formInternational audienceAutomatic test data generation leads to the identification of input values on which a selected path or a selected branch is executed within a program (path-oriented vs goal-oriented methods). In both cases, several approaches based on constraint solving exist, but in the presence of pointer variables only path-oriented methods have been proposed. Pointers are responsible for the existence of conditional aliasing problems that usually provoke the failure of the goal-oriented test data generation process. In this paper, we propose an overall constraint-based method that exploits the results of an intraprocedural points-to analysis and provides two specific constraint combinators for automatically generating goal-oriented test data. This approach correctly handles multi-levels stack-directed pointers that are mainly used in C programs. The method has been fully implemented in the test data generation tool INKA and first experiences in applying it to a variety of existing programs are presented
Implications of spatial and temporal evolutions of thermal parameters in basin modelling

International audienceThis paper presents the Paris Basin numerical modelling at a high sequential resolution scale (1–5 my). Simulations were carried out from the computation of thermal gradients and conductivities varying with the burial of genetic units. Geologic heating rates are also calculated throughout the burial of the stratigraphic sequences. Thermal energies are then deduced. The Paris Basin is well known for its hydrocarbon potential in Liassic sediments. This study is focused on an east–west cross-section through the basin. The results show spatial and temporal variations of thermal parameters from the western to the eastern part of the profile. The reactivation of Hercynian fracture systems during the Mesozoic may be responsible for the computed variations in thermal conductivities and thermal gradients. Major geodynamic events also played a role in the simulated thermal history. Variations of the thermal energy are observed and are well correlated with the burial history of the basin. We suggest linking the simulated thermal energies to the thermal cracking of the organic matter. Our results are consistent with the prediction of hydrocarbon potential in the Cretaceous period. Consequently, this approach provides new insights to improve petroleum generation modelling issues
Type I IFN induces protein ISGylation to enhance cytokine expression and augments colonic inflammation

Type I IFNs have broad activity in tissue inflammation and malignant progression that depends on the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISG15, one such ISG, can form covalent conjugates to many cellular proteins, a process termed "protein ISGylation." Although type I IFNs are involved in multiple inflammatory disorders, the role of protein ISGylation during inflammation has not been evaluated. Here we report that protein ISGylation exacerbates intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that protein ISGylation negatively regulates the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to increased production of IFN-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increased cellular ROS then enhances LPS-induced activation of p38 MAP kinase and the expression of inflammation-related cytokines in macrophages. Thus our studies reveal a regulatory role for protein ISGylation in colonic inflammation and its related malignant progression, indicating that targeting ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 homolog has therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases
Impact of a 70°C temperature on an ordinary Portland cement paste/claystone interface: An in situ experiment

International audienceRadioactive wastes in future underground disposal sites will induce a temperature increase at the interface between the cementitious materials and the host rock. To understand the evolution of Portland cement in this environment, an in situ specific device was developed in the Underground Research Laboratory in Tournemire (France). OPC cement paste was put into contact with clayey rock under water-saturated conditions at 70°C. The initial temperature increase led to ettringite dissolution and siliceous katoite precipitation, without monosulfoaluminate formation. After one year of interaction, partial decalcification and diffuse carbonation (calcite precipitation) was observed over 800 μm in the cement paste. At the interface, a layer constituted of phillipsite (zeolite), tobermorite (well-crystallised C-S-H), and C-(A)-S-H had formed. Globally, porosity decreased at both sides of the interface. Geochemical modelling supports the experimental results, especially the coexistence of tobermorite and phillipsite at 70°C, minerals never observed before in concrete/clay interface experiments
Axiomatic Term-Based Personalized Query Expansion Using Bookmarking System

International audienceThis paper tackles the problem of pinpointing relevant information in a social network for Personalized Information Retrieval (PIR). We start from the premise that user profiles must be filtered so that they outperform non profile based queries. The formal Profile Query Expansion Constraint is then defined. We fix a specific integration of profile and a probabilistic matching framework that fits into the constraint defined. Experiments are conducted on the Bibson-omy corpus. Our findings show that even simple profile adaptation using query is effective for Personalized Information Retrieval
Minding the gap: Applying a service marketing model into government policy communications

In order to bolster the emerging but still underdeveloped conceptualization of public communication over potential policies, we apply a framework primarily used in business service marketing to improve service quality (“gap analysis”). We argue that this model has strong heuristic qualities that can alert practitioners who are interested in improving communication regarding potential policies. While we recognize problems
implementing the model, we suggest some ways that both practitioners and the public ameliorate the identified issues. Seeing communication about potential policies as a crucial part of the political process, we argue that such efforts have democratic merit