pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Barotropic, baroclinic, and inertial instabilities of the easterly Gaussian jet on the equatorial β-plane in rotating shallow water model

International audienceA detailed linear stability analysis of an easterly barotropic Gaussian jet centered at the equator is performed in the long-wave sector in the framework of one- and two-layer shallow-water models on the equatorial β-plane. It is shown that the dominant instability of the jet is due to phase-locking and resonance between Yanai waves, although the standard barotropic and baroclinic instabilities due to the resonance between Rossby waves are also present. In the one-layer case, this dominant instability has non-zero growth rate at zero wavenumber for high enough Rossby and low enough Burger numbers, thus reproducing the classical symmetric inertial instability. Yet its asymmetric counterpart has the highest growth rate. In the two-layer case, the dominant instability may be barotropic or baroclinic, the latter being stronger, with the maximum of the growth rate shifting towards smaller downstream wavenumbers as Rossby number increases at fixed Burger number, and given thickness and density ratios. At large enough Rossby numbers this instability has a non-zero growth rate limit at zero wavenumber, giving the baroclinic symmetric inertial instability. Again, the maximal growth rate is achieved at small but non-zero wavenumbers, corresponding to the asymmetric inertial instability. At high enough Rossby number and low enough Burger number not only the baroclinic, but also the barotropic symmetric instability appears, as well as higher meridional modes of the baroclinic symmetric instability. Still, all of them are dominated by their asymmetric counterparts. Direct numerical simulations of the saturation of the leading instabilities are performed, showing that the barotropic species of the instability saturates by forming a double vortex street subject to nonlinear oscillations, while the baroclinic, the most vigorous one, saturates by producing strong vertical shears and related dissipation and mixing. © 2014 AIP Publishing LL
Gene expression profiling of diabetic and galactosaemic cataractous rat lens by microarray analysis

Aims/hypothesis  Osmotic and oxidative stress is associated with the progression and advancement of diabetic cataract. In the present study, we used a cDNA microarray method to analyse gene expression patterns in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and galactose-fed cataractous lenses. In addition, we investigated the regulation and interaction(s) of anti-oxidant protein 2 and lens epithelium-derived growth factor in these models.
Methods  To identify differential gene expression patterns, one group of Sprague–Dawley rats was made diabetic with streptozotocin and a second group was made galactosaemic. Total RNA was extracted from the lenses of both groups and their controls. Labelled cDNA was hybridised to Atlas Rat Arrays. Changes in gene expression level were analysed. Real-time PCR and western analysis were used to validate the microarray results.
Results  The expression of 31 genes was significantly modulated in hyperglycaemic lenses compared with galactosaemic lenses. Notably, transcript and protein levels of B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma protein 2 and nuclear factor-B were significantly elevated in rat lenses at 4 weeks after injection of streptozotocin. At a later stage, mRNA and protein levels of TGF- were elevated. However, levels of mRNA for IGF-1, lens epithelium-derived growth factor and anti-oxidant protein 2 were diminished in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract.
Conclusions/interpretations  These results provide evidence that progression of sugar cataract involves oxidative- and TGF--mediated signalling. These pathways may promote abnormal gene expression in the hyperglycaemic and galactosaemic states and thus may contribute to the symptoms associated with these conditions. Since oxidative stress seems to be a major event in cataract formation, supply of anti-oxidant may postpone the progression of such disorders
Meta-analysis of colorectal cancer follow-up after potentially curative resection

BACKGROUND: After potentially curative resection of primary colorectal cancer, patients may be monitored by measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen and/or CT to detect asymptomatic metastatic disease earlier. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to find evidence for the clinical effectiveness of monitoring in advancing the diagnosis of recurrence and its effect on survival. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and other databases were searched for randomized comparisons of increased intensity monitoring compared with a contemporary standard policy after resection of primary colorectal cancer. RESULTS: There were 16 randomized comparisons, 11 with published survival data. More intensive monitoring advanced the diagnosis of recurrence by a median of 10 (i.q.r. 5-24) months. In ten of 11 studies the authors reported no demonstrable difference in overall survival. Seven RCTs, published from 1995 to 2016, randomly assigned 3325 patients to a monitoring protocol made more intensive by introducing new methods or increasing the frequency of existing follow-up protocols versus less invasive monitoring. No detectable difference in overall survival was associated with more intensive monitoring protocols (hazard ratio 0·98, 95 per cent c.i. 0·87 to 1·11). CONCLUSION: Based on pooled data from randomized trials published from 1995 to 2016, the anticipated survival benefit from surgical treatment resulting from earlier detection of metastases has not been achieved
Performance measures for dynamic multi-objective optimisation algorithms

When algorithms solve dynamic multi-objective optimisation problems (DMOOPs), performance
measures are required to quantify the performance of the algorithm and to compare
one algorithm’s performance against that of other algorithms. However, for dynamic multiobjective
optimisation (DMOO) there are no standard performance measures. This article
provides an overview of the performance measures that have been used so far. In addition,
issues with performance measures that are currently being used in the DMOO literature are
highlighted.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inshb201
Frequency of Stent Thrombosis Risk at 5 Years in Women Versus Men With Zotarolimus-Eluting Compared With Sirolimus-Eluting Stent

The prevalence of factors that are associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis (ST), including smoking, diabetes mellitus, and small stent size, is different in women and men who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, gender may potentially modify the relation between stent type and the incidence of ST during long-term follow-up. We explored the data of Patient Related Outcomes With Endeavor Versus Cypher stenting Trial (PROTECT) to evaluate this hypothesis. PROTECT randomized 2,061 women and 6,648 men who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for various indications to Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stenting (E-ZES) or Cypher sirolimus-eluting stenting (C-SES). Dual antiplatelet therapy was prescribed for at least 3 months. Data on study end points were collected until 5 years after randomization, including ST, death, and cardiovascular events. We analyzed end points and treatment effect (E-ZES vs C-SES) in relation to gender. Women were on average 4.7 years older (65.8 vs 61.1), had a higher prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, were less often smokers, and had a shorter total stent length than men. At discharge and throughout follow-up, a slightly lower fraction of women were using dual antiplatelet therapy. During 5-year follow-up, definite or probable ST was observed in 36 women (1.8%) and 152 men (2.4%; log-rank p = 0.15). E-ZES reduced the incidence of ST compared with C-SES in women (hazard ratio 0.58) and men (hazard ratio 0.61), with no evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.89). In conclusion, in PROTECT, women and men had similar cumulative incidence of ST at 5 years after stent placement. The favorable effect of the study stent E-ZES over C-SES was not modified by gender
Breakdown in hydrogen and deuterium gases in static and radio-frequency fields

We report the results of a combined experimental and modeling study of the electrical breakdown of hydrogen and deuterium in static (DC) and radio-frequency (RF) (13.56 MHz) electric fields. For the simulations of the breakdown events, simplified models are used and only electrons are traced by Monte Carlo simulation. The experimental DC Paschen curve of hydrogen is used for the determination of the effective secondary electron emission coefficient. A very good agreement between the experimental and the calculated RF breakdown characteristics for hydrogen is found. For deuterium, on the other hand, presently available cross section sets do not allow a reproduction of RF breakdown characteristics
Phase space and phase transitions in the Penner matrix model with negative coupling constant

The partition function of the Penner matrix model for both positive and negative values of the coupling constant can be explicitly written in terms of the Barnes G function. In this paper we show that for negative values of the coupling constant this partition function can also be represented as the product of an holomorphic matrix integral by a nontrivial oscillatory function of n. We show that the planar limit of the free energy with 't Hooft sequences does not exist. Therefore we use a certain modification that uses Kuijlaars-McLaughlin sequences instead of 't Hooft sequences and leads to a well-defined planar free energy and to an associated two-dimensional phase space. We describe the different configurations of complex saddle points of the holomorphic matrix integral both to the left and to the right of the critical point, and interpret the phase transitions in terms of processes of gap closing, eigenvalue tunneling, and Bose condensation
Proper and improper zero energy modes in Hartree-Fock theory and their relevance for symmetry breaking and restoration

We study the spectra of the molecular orbital Hessian (stability matrix) and random-phase approximation (RPA) Hamiltonian of broken-symmetry Hartree-Fock solutions, focusing on zero eigenvalue modes. After all negative eigenvalues are removed from the Hessian by following their eigenvectors downhill, one is left with only positive and zero eigenvalues. Zero modes correspond to orbital rotations with no restoring force. These rotations determine states in the Goldstone manifold, which originates from a spontaneously broken continuous symmetry in the wave function. Zero modes can be classified as improper or proper according to their different mathematical and physical properties. Improper modes arise from symmetry breaking and their restoration always lowers the energy. Proper modes, on the other hand, correspond to degeneracies of the wave function, and their symmetry restoration does not necessarily lower the energy. We discuss how the RPA Hamiltonian distinguishes between proper and improper modes by doubling the number of zero eigenvalues associated with the latter. Proper modes in the Hessian always appear in pairs which do not double in RPA. We present several pedagogical cases exemplifying the above statements. The relevance of these results for projected Hartree-Fock methods is also addressed
Optical Wave Modes: Localized and Propagation-Invariant Wave Packets in Optically Transparent Dispersive Media

Many applications of beams and pulses of light in modern optical technology, such as in long-distance communications, and laser micromachining, deep-field microscopy, plasma-channel generation, and laser writing of waveguides, gratings, and photonic crystals (to cite only a few), will benefit heavily from the use of particle-like waves. This term refers to waves that are capable of defeating diffraction spreading and dispersion broadening induced by the host material medium, while maintaining their spatiotemporal localization along sufficiently large, ideally infinite propagation distances
PCDDB: the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank, a repository for circular dichroism spectral and metadata

The Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB) is a public repository that archives and freely distributes circular dichroism (CD) and synchrotron radiation CD (SRCD) spectral data and their associated experimental metadata. All entries undergo validation and curation procedures to ensure completeness, consistency and quality of the data included. A web-based interface enables users to browse and query sample types, sample conditions, experimental parameters and provides spectra in both graphical display format and as downloadable text files. The entries are linked, when appropriate, to primary sequence (UniProt) and structural (PDB) databases, as well as to secondary databases such as the Enzyme Commission functional classification database and the CATH fold classification database, as well as to literature citations. The PCDDB is available at: http://pcddb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk
‘Wandering and settled tribes’: biopolitics, citizenship, and the racialized migrant

This paper argues that purportedly outdated racial categories continue to resonate in contemporary forms of racialization. I examine the use of metaphors of rootedness and shadows by a contemporary UK migrant advocacy organization and its allies to justify migrant regularization and manage illicit circulation. I argue that the distinction between rooted and rootless peoples draws on the colonial and racial distinctions between wandering and settled peoples. Contemporary notions of citizenship continue to draw upon and activate racial forms of differentiation. Citizenship is thus part of a form of racial governance that operates not only along biological but also social and cultural lines, infusing race into the structures, practices, and techniques of governance
Non-local energy based fatigue life calculation method under multiaxial variable amplitude loadings

Reliable design of industrial components against high cycle multiaxial fatigue requires a model capable of predicting both stress gradient and load type effects. Indeed, taking into account gradient effects is of prior importance for the applicability of fatigue models to real structures. In this paper, a fatigue life
assessment method is proposed for proportional and non-proportional multiaxial variable amplitude loadings in the range 104 –107 cycles. This method derives from the fatigue criterion initially proposed by Palin-Luc and Lasserre (1998) [2] and revisited by Banvillet et al. (2003) [16] for multiaxial constant amplitude loading. The new proposal consists of a complete reformulation and extension of the previ-
ously cited energy based fatigue strength criteria. It includes two major improvements of the existing criteria. The first one consists in a fatigue criterion for multiaxial variable amplitude loadings while only constant amplitude loadings were considered in the above cited works. The second one is an extension to an incremental fatigue life assessment method for proportional and non-proportional multiaxial variable amplitude loadings. No cycle counting technique is needed whatever the variable amplitude load-
ings type considered (uniaxial or multiaxial). The predictions of the method for constant and variable amplitude multiaxial loadings are compared with experimental results on specimens from literature and from new experiments on a ferrito-perlitic steel. The above mentioned method has been implemented as a post-processor of a finite element software. An application to a railway wheel is finally presented.Thèse CIFRE avec la SNCF, contrat direct ARTS / SNC
Innovative Processes in a Nature-Based Tourism Case: The Role of a Touroperator as the Driver of Innovation

-This paper develops four propositions for the role of a tour‐operator as the driver of innovations in a nature‐based tourism case. This system features small‐scale tourism firms that cooperate with a tour‐operator who holds the position as the driving force. The propositions are analysed in a comparison with the empirical data from a case‐study, which includes a tour‐operator and 12 firms that offer nature‐based products and services. The empirical findings indicate that the system works well for entrepreneurs still in the founding stage. Additionally, small‐ and medium‐sized firms are quite satisfied with the tour‐operator both as a transfer channel of competence and as a distributor of the supplier's services. The most professional firms are more critical of the outcome of the system. The system has, however, contributed to innovations and innovative capacity in general. To meet the skilled firms' demands for support for complex developmental processes, the system requires refinement.Research Council of Norwa
Analysis of negative capacitance and self-heating in organic semiconductor devices

In admittance spectroscopy of organic semiconductor devices, negative capacitance values arise at low frequency and high voltages. This study aims at explaining the influence of self-heating on the frequency-dependent capacitance and demonstrates its impact on steady-state and dynamic experiments.
Therefore, a one dimensional numerical drift-diffusion model extended by the heat equation is presented. We calculate the admittance with two approaches: a Fourier method that is applied to time domain data and a numerically efficient sinusoidal steady state analysis (S3A), which is based on the linearization of the equations around the operating point. The simulation results coincide well with the experimental findings from reference [H. Okumoto and T. Tsutsui, Appl. Phys. Express 7, 061601 (2014)] where the negative capacitance effect of an organic device becomes weaker with better cooling of the structure. Linking the frequency- and time-domain with the Fourier approach supports an effortless interpretation of the negative capacitance. Namely, we find that negative capacitance originates from self-heating induced current enhancement
Upper ocean vertical supply: A neglected primary factor controlling the distribution of neodymium concentrations of open ocean surface waters?

Neodymium (Nd) isotopes are an important geochemical tool to trace the present and\ud
past water mass mixing as well as continental inputs. The distribution of Nd concentrations\ud
in open ocean surface waters (0–100 m) is generally assumed to be controlled by lateral\ud
mixing of Nd from coastal surface currents and by removal through reversible particle\ud
scavenging. However, using 228Ra activity as an indicator of coastal water mass influence,\ud
surface water Nd concentration data available on key oceanic transects as a whole do not\ud
support the above scenario. From a global compilation of available data, we find that more\ud
stratified regions are generally associated with low surface Nd concentrations. This implies\ud
that upper ocean vertical supply may be an as yet neglected primary factor in determining\ud
the basin-scale variations of surface water Nd concentrations. Similar to the mechanism of\ud
nutrients supply, it is likely that stratification inhibits vertical supply of Nd from the\ud
subsurface thermocline waters and thus the magnitude of Nd flux to the surface layer.\ud
Consistently, the estimated required input flux of Nd to the surface layer to maintain the\ud
observed concentrations could be nearly two orders of magnitudes larger than riverine/dust\ud
flux, and also larger than the model-based estimation on shelf-derived coastal flux. In\ud
addition, preliminary results from modeling experiments reveal that the input from shallow\ud
boundary sources, riverine input, and release from dust are actually not the primary factors\ud
controlling Nd concentrations most notably in the Pacific and Southern Ocean surface\ud
waters
Automated characterisation of intergrowth textures in mineral particles. A case study

The characterisation of mineral texture has been a major concern for process mineralogists, as liberation characteristics of the ores are intimately related to the mineralogical texture. While a great effort has been done to automatically characterise texture in unbroken ores, the characterisation of textural attributes in mineral particles is usually descriptive. However, the quantitative characterisation of texture in mineral particles is essential to improve and predict the performance of minerallurgical processes (i.e. all the processes involved in the liberation and separation of the mineral of interest) and to achieve a more accurate geometallurgical model. Driven by this necessity of achieving a more complete characterisation of textural attributes in mineral particles, a methodology has been recently developed to automatically characterise the type of intergrowth between mineral phases within particles by means of digital image analysis. In this methodology, a set ofminerallurgical indices has been developed to quantify different mineralogical features and to identify the intergrowth pattern by discriminant analysis. The paper shows the application of the methodology to the textural characterisation of chalcopyrite in the rougher concentrate of the Kansanshi copper mine (Zambia). In this sample, the variety of intergrowth patterns of chalcopyrite with the other minerals has been used to illustrate the methodology. The results obtained show that the method identifies the intergrowth type and provides quantitative information to achieve a complete and detailed mineralogical characterisation. Therefore, the use of this methodology as a routinely tool in automated mineralogy would contribute to a better understanding of the ore behaviour during liberation and separation processes
Effective Field Theory of Relativistic Quantum Hall Systems

Motivated by the observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in
graphene, we consider the effective field theory of relativistic quantum Hall
states. We find that, beside the Chern-Simons term, the effective action also
contains a term of topological nature, which couples the electromagnetic field
with a topologically conserved current of $2+1$ dimensional relativistic fluid.
In contrast to the Chern-Simons term, the new term involves the spacetime
metric in a nontrivial way. We extract the predictions of the effective theory
for linear electromagnetic and gravitational responses. For fractional quantum
Hall states at the zeroth Landau level, additional holomorphic constraints
allow one to express the results in terms of two dimensionless constants of
topological nature.Comment: 4 page
Picture-changing operators and space-time supersymmetry

We explore geometrical properties of fermionic vertex operators for a NSR superstring in order to establish connection between worldsheet and target space supersymmetries. The mechanism of picture-changing is obtained as a result of imposing certain constraints on a world-sheet gauge group of the NSR theory. It is found that picture-changing operators of various integer ghost numbers form a polynomial ring. By using properties of the picture-changing formalism we establish connection between the NSR and GS superstring theories. We explore the properties of the \kappa-symmetry in the NSR formalism and show that it leads to some new identities between correlation functions