pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Decade of SN 1993J: Discovery of Radio Wavelength Effects in the Expansion Rate

We studied the growth of the shell-like radio structure of supernova SN 1993J in M 81 from September 1993 to October 2003 with very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at the wavelengths of 3.6, 6, and 18 cm. We developed a method to accurately determine the outer radius (R) of any circularly symmetric compact radio structure such as SN 1993J. The source structure of SN 1993J remains circularly symmetric (with deviations from circularity under 2%) over almost 4000 days. We characterize the decelerated expansion of SN 1993J until approximately day 1500 after explosion with an expansion parameter \(m = 0.845 \pm 0.005 (R \alpha t^m)\). However, from that day onwards the expansion diﬀers when observed at 6 and 18 cm. Indeed, at 18 cm, the expansion can be well characterized by the same m as before day 1500, while at 6 cm the expansion appears more decelerated, and is characterized by another expansion parameter, \(m_6 = 0.788 \pm 0.015\). Therefore, since about day 1500 onwards, the radio source size has been progressively smaller at 6 cm than at 18 cm. These ﬁndings diﬀer signiﬁcantly from those of other authors in the details of the expansion. In our interpretation, the supernova expands with a single expansion parameter, \(m = 0.845 \pm 0.005\), and the 6 cm results beyond day 1500 are caused by physical eﬀects, perhaps also coupled to instrumental limitations. Two physical eﬀects may be involved: (a) a changing opacity of the ejecta to the 6 cm radiation, and (b) a radial decrease of the magnetic ﬁeld in the emitting
region. We also found that at 6 cm about 80% of the radio emission from the backside of the shell behind the ejecta is absorbed (our average estimate, since we cannot determine any possible evolution of the opacity), and the width of the radio shell is \((31 \pm 2) %\) of the outer radius. The shell width at 18 cm depends on the degree of assumed absorption. For 80 % absorption, the width is \((33.5 \pm 1.7) %\), and for 100 % absorption, it is \((37.8 \pm 1.3) %\). A comparison of our VLBI results with optical spectral line velocities shows that the deceleration is more pronounced in the radio than in the optical. This diﬀerence might be due to a progressive penetration of ejecta instabilities into the shocked circumstellar medium, as also suggested by other authors.Astronom
The influence of inertia and contact angle on the instability of partially wetting liquid strips : a numerical analysis study

The stability of a thread of fluid deposited on a flat solid substrate is studied numerically by means of the Finite Element Method in combination with an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian technique. A good agreement is observed when our results are compared with predictions of linear stability analysis obtained by other authors. Moreover, we also analysed the influence of inertia for different contact angles and found that inertia strongly affects the growth rate of the instability when contact angles are large. By contrast, the wave number of the fastest growing mode does not show important variations with inertia. The numerical technique allows us to follow the evolution of the free surface instability until comparatively late stages, where the filament begins to break into droplets. The rupture pattern observed for several cases shows that the number of principal droplets agrees reasonably well with an estimation based on the fastest growing modes
Ratio and Plancherel-Rotach asymptotics for Meixner-Sobolev orthogonal polynomials

13 pages, no figures.-- MSC codes: 42C05; 33C25; 39A10.MR#: MR1741786 (2000k:42032)Zbl#: Zbl 0984.42016We study the analytic properties of the monic Meixner-Sobolev polynomials $\{Q_n\}$ orthogonal with respect to the inner product involving differences $$(p,q)_S=\sum infty_{i=0}[p(i)q(i)+\lambda\Delta p(i)\Delta q(i)] {\mu (\gamma)_i\over i!},$$ $\gamma>0,\ 0<\mu<1$, where $\lambda\geq0,\ \Delta$ is the forward difference operator $(\Delta f(x)=f(x+1)-f(x))$ and $(\gamma)_n$ denotes the Pochhammer symbol. Relative asymptotics for Meixner-Sobolev polynomials with respect to Meixner polynomials is obtained. This relative asymptotics is also given for the scaled polynomials. Moreover, a zero distribution for the scaled Meixner-Sobolev polynomials and Plancherel-Rotach asymptotics for $\{Q_n\}$ are deduced.The work of E.G. has been partially supported by Dirección General de Enseñanza Superior (DGES) of Spain under Grant PB-96-0952. The work of F.M. is partially supported by PB96-0120-C03-01 and INTAS-93-0219 Ext. The work of J.J.M.-B. is partially supported by Junta de Andalucía, G.I. FQM0229.Publicad
Relaxed singular vectors, Jack symmetric functions and fractional level
  $\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(2)$ models

The fractional level models are (logarithmic) conformal field theories
associated with affine Kac-Moody (super)algebras at certain levels $k \in
\mathbb{Q}$. They are particularly noteworthy because of several longstanding
difficulties that have only recently been resolved. Here, Wakimoto's free field
realisation is combined with the theory of Jack symmetric functions to analyse
the fractional level $\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(2)$ models. The first main
results are explicit formulae for the singular vectors of minimal grade in
relaxed Wakimoto modules. These are closely related to the minimal grade
singular vectors in relaxed (parabolic) Verma modules. Further results include
an explicit presentation of Zhu's algebra and an elegant new proof of the
classification of simple relaxed highest weight modules over the corresponding
vertex operator algebra. These results suggest that generalisations to higher
rank fractional level models are now within reach.Comment: 33 pages; v2: corrected typos and added reference
Exotic pairing in 1D spin-3/2 atomic gases with $SO(4)$ symmetry

Tuning interactions in the spin singlet and quintet channels of two colliding
atoms could change the symmetry of the one-dimensional spin-3/2 fermionic
systems of ultracold atoms while preserving the integrability. Here we find a
novel $SO(4)$ symmetry integrable point in thespin-3/2 Fermi gas and derive the
exact solution of the model using the Bethe ansatz. In contrast to the model
with $SU(4)$ and $SO(5)$ symmetries, the present model with $SO(4)$ symmetry
preserves spin singlet and quintet Cooper pairs in two sets of $SU(2)\otimes
SU(2)$ spin subspaces. We obtain full phase diagrams, including the
Fulde-Ferrel-Larkin-Ovchinnikov like pair correlations, spin excitations and
quantum criticality through the generalized Yang-Yang thermodynamic equations.
In particular, various correlation functions are calculated by using
finite-size corrections in the frame work of conformal field theory. Moreover,
within the local density approximation, we further find that spin singlet and
quintet pairs form subtle multiple shell structures in density profiles of the
trapped gas.Comment: 8 figures, 2 tables, 37 page
On matrix-model approach to simplified Khovanov-Rozansky calculus

Wilson-loop averages in Chern-Simons theory (HOMFLY polynomials) can be
evaluated in different ways -- the most difficult, but most interesting of them
is the hypercube calculus, the only one applicable to virtual knots and used
also for categorification (higher-dimensional extension) of the theory. We
continue the study of quantum dimensions, associated with hypercube vertices,
in the drastically simplified version of this approach to knot polynomials. At
$q=1$ the problem is reformulated in terms of fat (ribbon) graphs, where
Seifert cycles play the role of vertices. Ward identities in associated matrix
model provide a set of recursions between classical dimensions. For $q \neq 1$
most of these relations are broken (i.e. deformed in a still uncontrollable
way), and only few are protected by Reidemeister invariance of Chern-Simons
theory. Still they are helpful for systematic evaluation of entire series of
quantum dimensions, including negative ones, which are relevant for virtual
link diagrams. To illustrate the effectiveness of developed formalism we derive
explicit expressions for the 2-cabled HOMFLY of virtual trefoil and virtual 3.2
knot, which involve respectively 12 and 14 intersections -- far beyond any
dreams with alternative methods. As a more conceptual application, we describe
a relation between the genus of fat graph and Turaev genus of original link
diagram, which is currently the most effective tool for the search of thin
knots.Comment: 19 page
Gaia FGK benchmark stars: abundances of alpha and iron-peak elements

In the current era of large spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way, reference
stars for calibrating astrophysical parameters and chemical abundances are of
paramount importance. We determine elemental abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti,
V, Cr, Mn, Co and Ni for our predefined set of Gaia FGK benchmark stars. By
analysing high-resolution and high-signal to noise spectra taken from several
archive datasets, we combined results of eight different methods to determine
abundances on a line-by-line basis. We perform a detailed homogeneous analysis
of the systematic uncertainties, such as differential versus absolute abundance
analysis, as well as we assess errors due to NLTE and the stellar parameters in
our final abundances. Our results are provided by listing final abundances and
the different sources of uncertainties, as well as line-by-line and
method-by-method abundances. The Gaia FGK benchmark stars atmospheric
parameters are already being widely used for calibration of several pipelines
applied to different surveys. With the added reference abundances of 10
elements this set is very suitable to calibrate the chemical abundances
obtained by these pipelines.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, Printer format: 65 pages, 18
  figures, 25 table
Common variant at 16p11.2 conferring risk of psychosis

Epidemiological and genetic data support the notion that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder share genetic risk factors. In our previous genome-wide association study, meta-analysis and follow-up (totaling as many as 18 206 cases and 42 536 controls), we identified four loci showing genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia. Here we consider a mixed schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (psychosis) phenotype (addition of 7469 bipolar disorder cases, 1535 schizophrenia cases, 333 other psychosis cases, 808 unaffected family members and 46 160 controls). Combined analysis reveals a novel variant at 16p11.2 showing genome-wide significant association (rs4583255[T]; odds ratio=1.08; P=6.6 × 10(-11)). The new variant is located within a 593-kb region that substantially increases risk of psychosis when duplicated. In line with the association of the duplication with reduced body mass index (BMI), rs4583255[T] is also associated with lower BMI (P=0.0039 in the public GIANT consortium data set; P=0.00047 in 22 651 additional Icelanders)
Search for pair production of heavy top-like quarks decaying to a high-pT W boson and a b quark in the lepton plus jets final state at sqrts=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for production of a heavy up-type quark (t') together with its antiparticle, assuming a significant branching ratio for subsequent decay into a W boson and a b quark. The search is based on 4.7 fb(-1) of pp collisions root s = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analyzed in the lepton + jets final state, characterized by a high-transverse-momentum isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and at least three jets. The analysis strategy relies on the substantial boost of the W bosons in the t'(t') over bar signal when m(t') greater than or similar to 400 GeV. No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed and the result of the search is interpreted in the context of fourth-generation and vector-like quark models. Under the assumption of a branching ratio BR(t' -> W b) = I, a fourth-generation t' quark with mass lower than 656 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. In addition, in light of the recent discovery of a new boson of mass similar to 126 GeV at the LHC, upper limits are derived in the two-dimensional plane of BR(t' -> Wb) versus BR(t' -> Ht), where H is the Standard Model Higgs boson, for vector-like quarks of various masses
Cathodoluminescence microscopy of superconducting and non-superconducting Tl_2Ba_2CuO_(6+ δ) polycrystals

Luminescence properties of Tl_2Ba_2CuO_(6+ δ) samples with different superconducting transition temperatures have been studied by cathodoluminescence (CL) in the scanning electron microscope. Independent of the crystal structure, tetragonal or orthorhombic, the Cl spectra show two resolved bands at about 430 nm (2.9 eV) and 540 nm (2.3 eV), respectively. The results show that the 2.3 eV emission is related to oxygen content and is more intense in low-oxygen content superconducting samples. It is proposed that this band is related to a complex center involving oxygen vacancies. A comparison of spectra from Tl_2Ba_2CuO_(6+ δ) and from precursors used in the synthesis (CuO_x, Tl_2Ba_2O_5) has been carried out
MAGIC constraints on Gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3

Cygnus X-3 is a microquasar consisting of an accreting compact object orbiting around a Wolf-Rayet star. It has been detected at radio frequencies and up to high-energy gamma rays (above 100 MeV). However, many models predict also a very-high-energy (VHE) emission (above hundreds of GeV) when the source displays relativistic persistent/transient ejections. Therefore, detecting such emission would improve the understanding of the jet physics. The imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope MAGIC observed Cygnus X-3 for about 70 hours between 2006 March and 2009 August in different X-ray/radio spectral states and also during a period of enhanced gamma-ray emission. MAGIC found no evidence for a VHE signal from the direction of the microquasar. An upper limit to the integral flux for energies higher than 250 GeV has been set to 2.2 x 10-12 photons cm-2 s-1 (95% confidence level). This is the best limit so far to the VHE emission from this source. The non-detection of a VHE signal during the period of activity in the high-energy band sheds light on the location of the possible VHE radiation favoring the emission from the innermost region of the jets, where absorption is significant. The current and future generations of Cherenkov telescopes may detect a signal under precise spectral conditions
Mass deformed world-sheet action of semi local vortices

The mass deformed effective world-sheet theory of semi local vortices was constructed via the field theoretical method. By Euler-Lagrangian equations, the Ansatze for both the gauge field and the adjoint scalar were solved, this ensures that zero modes of vortices are minimal excitations of the system. Up to the 1/ g 2 order, all profiles are solved. The mass deformed effective action was obtained by integrating out the transverse plane of the vortex string. The effective theory interpolates between the local vortex and the lump. Respecting certain normalization conditions, the effective theory shows a Seiberg-like duality, which agrees with the result of the Kähler quotient construction
Holographic entanglement entropy and gravitational anomalies

We study entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories with a gravitational anomaly. In theories with gravity duals, this anomaly is holographically represented by a gravitational Chern-Simons term in the bulk action. We show that the anomaly broadens the Ryu-Takayanagi minimal worldline into a ribbon, and that the anomalous contribution to the CFT entanglement entropy is given by the twist in this ribbon. The entanglement functional may also be interpreted as the worldline action for a spinning particle — that is, an anyon — in three-dimensional curved spacetime. We demonstrate that the minimization of this action results in the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations of motion for a spinning particle in three dimensions. We work out several simple examples and demonstrate agreement with CFT calculations
The gravity dual of supersymmetric Rényi entropy

Supersymmetric Rényi entropies are defined for three-dimensional N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal field theories on a branched covering of a three-sphere by using the localized partition functions. Under a conformal transformation, the branched covering is mapped to S 1 × H 2 , whose gravity dual is the charged topological AdS 4 black hole. The black hole can be embedded into four-dimensional N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 gauged supergravity where the mass and charge are related so that it preserves half of the supersymmetries. We compute the supersymmetric Rényi entropies with and without a certain type of Wilson loop operators in the gravity theory. We find they agree with those of the dual field theories in the large- N limit
Monojet versus the rest of the world I: t -channel models

Monojet searches using Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators are usually interpreted as a robust and model independent constraint on direct detection (DD) scattering cross-sections. At the same time, a mediator particle must be present to produce the dark matter (DM) at the LHC. This mediator particle may be produced on shell, so that direct searches for the mediating particle can constrain the effective operator being applied to monojet constraints. In this first paper, we do a case study on t -channel models in monojet searches, where the (Standard Model singlet) DM is pair produced via a t -channel mediating particle, whose supersymmetric analogue is the squark. We compare monojet constraints to direct constraints on single or pair production of the mediator from multi-jets plus missing energy searches and we identify the regions where the latter dominate over the former. We show that computing bounds using supersymmetric simplified models and in the narrow width approximation, as done in previous work in the literature, misses important quantitative effects. We perform a full event simulation and statistical analysis, and we compute the effects of both on- and off-shell production of the mediating particle, showing that for both the monojet and multi-jets plus missing energy searches, previously derived bounds provided more conservative bounds than what can be extracted by including all relevant processes in the simulation. Monojets and searches for super-symmetry (SUSY) provide comparable bounds on a wide range of the parameter space, with SUSY searches usually providing stronger bounds, except in the regions where the DM particle and the mediator are very mass degenerate. The EFT approximation rarely is able to reproduce the actual limits. In a second paper to follow, we consider the case of s -channel mediators
Bethe states of the XXZ spin- 12 chain with arbitrary boundary fields

Based on the inhomogeneous T−Q relation constructed via the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz, the Bethe-type eigenstates of the XXZ spin- 12 chain with arbitrary boundary fields are constructed. It is found that by employing two sets of gauge transformations, proper generators and reference state for constructing Bethe vectors can be obtained respectively. Given an inhomogeneous T−Q relation for an eigenvalue, it is proven that the resulting Bethe state is an eigenstate of the transfer matrix, provided that the parameters of the generators satisfy the associated Bethe Ansatz equations
Generalized Poincaré algebras and Lovelock–Cartan gravity theory

We show that the Lagrangian for Lovelock–Cartan gravity theory can be reformulated as an action which leads to General Relativity in a certain limit. In odd dimensions the Lagrangian leads to a Chern–Simons theory invariant under the generalized Poincaré algebra B2n+1 , while in even dimensions the Lagrangian leads to a Born–Infeld theory invariant under a subalgebra of the B2n+1 algebra. It is also shown that torsion may occur explicitly in the Lagrangian leading to new torsional Lagrangians, which are related to the Chern–Pontryagin character for the B2n+1 group
MAGIC Gamma-ray Telescope Observation of the Perseus Cluster of
  Galaxies: implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC1275

The Perseus galaxy cluster was observed by the MAGIC Cherenkov telescope for
a total effective time of 24.4 hr during 2008 November and December. The
resulting upper limits on the gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV are in the range
of 4.6 to 7.5 x 10^{-12} cm^{-2} s^{-1} for spectral indices from -1.5 to -2.5,
thereby constraining the emission produced by cosmic rays, dark matter
annihilations, and the central radio galaxy NGC1275. Results are compatible
with cosmological cluster simulations for the cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray
emission, constraining the average cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure to <4% for
the cluster core region (<8% for the entire cluster). Using simplified
assumptions adopted in earlier work (a power-law spectrum with an index of
-2.1, constant cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure for the peripheral cluster
regions while accounting for the adiabatic contraction during the cooling flow
formation), we would limit the ratio of cosmic ray-to-thermal energy to
E_CR/E_th<3%. The upper limit also translates into a level of gamma-ray
emission from possible annihilations of the cluster dark matter (the dominant
mass component) that is consistent with boost factors of ~10^4 for the
typically expected dark matter annihilation-induced emission. Finally, the
upper limits obtained for the gamma-ray emission of the central radio galaxy
NGC1275 are consistent with the recent detection by the Fermi-LAT satellite.
Due to the extremely large Doppler factors required for the jet, a one-zone
synchrotron self-Compton model is implausible in this case. We reproduce the
observed spectral energy density by using the structured jet (spine-layer)
model which has previously been adopted to explain the high-energy emission of
radio galaxies
Consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany: A multilevel analysis for 1985-2013

Analyzing the development of the consequences of voluntary job changes in Germany between 1985 and 2013, the study focuses on income gains and job satisfaction increases. Drawing on arguments of the job-search literature on the one hand and the proliferation of choices on the other we investigate whether the returns of job changes have increased or decreased. Results show that income gains have decreased over time while the job satisfaction surplus has remained stable. We further conclude that in determining the outcomes of job changes over time, structural factors seem to be more important than individual ones