pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the inelastic cross section in proton-lead collisions at
  a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV

The inelastic hadronic cross section in proton-lead collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is measured with the CMS
detector at the LHC. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 12.6 +/- 0.4 inverse nanobarns, has been collected with an unbiased trigger
for inclusive particle production. The cross section is obtained from the
measured number of proton-lead collisions with hadronic activity produced in
the pseudorapidity ranges 3 < eta < 5 and/or -5 < eta < -3, corrected for
photon-induced contributions, experimental acceptance, and other instrumental
effects. The inelastic cross section is measured to be sigma[inel,pPb] = 2061
+/- 3 (stat) +/- 34 (syst) +/- 72 (lum) mb. Various Monte Carlo generators,
commonly used in heavy ion and cosmic ray physics, are found to reproduce the
data within uncertainties. The value of sigma[inel,pPb] is compatible with that
expected from the proton-proton cross section at 5.02 TeV scaled up within a
simple Glauber approach to account for multiple scatterings in the lead
nucleus, indicating that further net nuclear corrections are small.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/FSQ-13-006/index.htm
Microlensing discovery of a tight, low-mass-ratio planetary-mass object around an old field brown dwarf

K.A., D.B., M.D., K.H., M.H., S.I., C.L., R.S., and Y.T. are supported by the NPRP grant NPRP-09-476-1-78 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation). M.D. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow. K.H. is a Royal Society Leverhulme Trust Senior Research Fellow.Observations of accretion disks around young brown dwarfs (BDs) have led to the speculation that they may form planetary systems similar to normal stars. While there have been several detections of planetary-mass objects around BDs (2MASS 1207-3932 and 2MASS 0441-2301), these companions have relatively large mass ratios and projected separations, suggesting that they formed in a manner analogous to stellar binaries. We present the discovery of a planetary-mass object orbiting a field BD via gravitational microlensing, OGLE-2012-BLG-0358Lb. The system is a low secondary/primary mass ratio (0.080 ± 0.001), relatively tightly separated (~0.87 AU) binary composed of a planetary-mass object with 1.9 ± 0.2 Jupiter masses orbiting a BD with a mass 0.022 M☉. The relatively small mass ratio and separation suggest that the companion may have formed in a protoplanetary disk around the BD host in a manner analogous to planets.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Molecular profiling of human mammary gland links breast cancer risk to a p27(+) cell population with progenitor characteristics

Early full-term pregnancy is one of the most effective natural protections against breast cancer. To investigate this effect, we have characterized the global gene expression and epigenetic profiles of multiple cell types from normal breast tissue of nulliparous and parous women and carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We found significant differences in CD44+ progenitor cells, where the levels of many stem cell-related genes and pathways, including the cell-cycle regulator p27, are lower in parous women without BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. We also noted a significant reduction in the frequency of CD44+p27+ cells in parous women and showed, using explant cultures, that parity-related signaling pathways play a role in regulating the number of p27+ cells and their proliferation. Our results suggest that pathways controlling p27+ mammary epithelial cells and the numbers of these cells relate to breast cancer risk and can be explored for cancer risk assessment and prevention
Social work with marginalised people who have a mild or borderline intellectual disability : practicing gentleness and encouraging hope

People with mild or borderline intellectual disabilities are a group of people who usually do not meet the eligibility criteria for specialist disability services, yet are high users of many generalist services, such as mental health, child protection, and criminal justice systems. They may traverse many services, often entering, exiting, and returning to the same service providers with few positive results. This article explores the practice approach of the Meryton Association, a medium-sized nongovernment agency located in Brisbane, Australia. The Meryton Association provides social work support to people with mild to borderline intellectual disabilities, actively assisting this group to build relationships, resources, knowledge, and autonomy in their everyday lives. Using qualitative in-depth interviews with Meryton Association staff and secondary analysis of Meryton Association policy and practice documents, the challenges and opportunities of using this practice approach have been documented. The article proposes that specialist services are needed that use a developmental approach, stress the importance of relationship, and the need to practice gentleness and hope in social worker-client interaction
Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at s√ = 8 TeV

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q* decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton G[RS] decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W' decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W' to WZ and G[RS] to WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q* to qW, q* to qZ, W' to WZ, G[RS] to WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a "bulk" graviton G[Bulk] that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied
Genetic algorithms and the search for viable string vacua

Genetic Algorithms are introduced as a search method for finding string vacua with viable phenomenological properties. It is shown, by testing them against a class of Free Fermionic models, that they are orders of magnitude more efficient than a randomised search. As an example, three generation, exophobic, Pati-Salam models with a top Yukawa occur once in every 10 10 models, and yet a Genetic Algorithm can find them after constructing only 10 5 examples. Such non-deterministic search methods may be the only means to search for Standard Model string vacua with detailed phenomenological requirements
Communication with SIMP dark mesons via Z′ -portal

We consider a consistent extension of the SIMP models with dark mesons by including a dark U(1)D gauge symmetry. Dark matter density is determined by a thermal freeze-out of the 3→2 self-annihilation process, thanks to the Wess–Zumino–Witten term. In the presence of a gauge kinetic mixing between the dark photon and the SM hypercharge gauge boson, dark mesons can undergo a sufficient scattering off the Standard Model particles and keep in kinetic equilibrium until freeze-out in this SIMP scenario. Taking the SU(Nf)×SU(Nf)/SU(Nf) flavor symmetry under the SU(Nc) confining group, we show how much complementary the SIMP constraints on the parameters of the dark photon are for current experimental searches for dark photon
Discovery of extended VHE Y-ray emission from the vicinity of the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1

Aims. Results obtained in very-high-energy (VHE; E≥100GeV) γ-ray observations performed with the H.E.S.S. telescope array are used to investigate particle acceleration processes in the vicinity of the young massive stellar cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd 1). 
Methods. Imaging of Cherenkov light from γ-ray induced particle cascades in the Earth’s atmosphere is used to search for VHE γ rays from the region around Wd 1. Possible catalogued counterparts are searched for and discussed in terms of morphology and energetics of the H.E.S.S. source. 
Results. The detection of the degree-scale extended VHE γ-ray source HESS J1646–458 is reported based on 45 h of H.E.S.S. observations performed between 2004 and 2008. The VHE γ-ray source is centred on the nominal position of Wd 1 and detected with a total statistical significance of ~20σ. The emission region clearly extends beyond the H.E.S.S. point-spread function (PSF). The differential energy spectrum follows a power law in energy with an index of Γ=2.19±0.08stat±0.20sys and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of Φ = (9.0±1.4stat±1.8sys)×10-12 TeV-1 cm-2s-1. The integral flux above 0.2 TeV amounts to (5.2±0.9)×10-11 cm-2 s-1. 
Conclusions. Four objects coincident with HESS J1646–458 are discussed in the search of a counterpart, namely the magnetar CXOU J164710.2−455216, the X-ray binary 4U 1642–45, the pulsar PSR J1648–4611 and the massive stellar cluster Wd 1. In a single-source scenario, Wd 1 is favoured as site of VHE particle acceleration. Here, a hadronic parent population would be accelerated within the stellar cluster. Beside this, there is evidence for a multi-source origin, where a scenario involving PSR J1648–4611 could be viable to explain parts of the VHE γ-ray emission of HESS J1646–458.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117928http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2012/01/aa17928-11.pd
The projection and synaptic organisation of NTS afferent connections with presympathetic neurones, GABA and nNOS neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Elevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN-presympathetic neurons regulating cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic activity receive information about cardiovascular status from receptors in the heart and circulation. These receptors signal changes via afferent neurons terminating in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), some of which may result in excitation or inhibition of PVN-presympathetic neurons. Understanding the anatomy and neurochemistry of NTS afferent connections within the PVN could provide important clues to the impairment in homeostasis cardiovascular control associated with disease. Transynaptic labelling has shown the presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing neurons and GABA interneurons that terminate on presympathetic PVN neurons any of which may be the target for NTS afferents. So far NTS connections to these diverse neuronal pools have not been demonstrated and were investigated in this study. Anterograde (biotin dextran amine – BDA) labelling of the ascending projection from the NTS and retrograde (fluorogold – FG or cholera toxin B subunit – CTB) labelling of PVN presympathetic neurons combined with immunohistochemistry for GABA and nNOS was used to identify the terminal neuronal targets of the ascending projection from the NTS. It was shown that NTS afferent terminals are apposed to either PVN-GABA interneurons or to nitric oxide producing neurons or even directly to presympathetic neurons. Furthermore, there was evidence that some NTS axons were positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2). The data provide an anatomical basis for the different functions of cardiovascular receptors that mediate their actions via the NTS–PVN pathways
Microstructures and properties of new Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solder reinforced with Ni-coated graphene nanosheets

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Journal of Alloys and Compounds and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.178© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This paper deals with microstructures and properties of SAC305 lead-free solder reinforced with graphene nanosheets (GNS) decorated with Ni nanoparticles (Ni-GNS). These Ni-coated GNS nanosheets were synthesized by an in-situ chemical reduction method. After morphological and chemical characterization, Ni-GNS were successfully integrated into SAC305 lead-free solder alloy with different weight fractions (0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt.%) through a powder metallurgy route. The obtained composite solders were then studied extensively with regard to their microstructures, wettability, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. After addition of Ni-GNSs, cauliflower-like (Cu,Ni)6 Sn5 intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were formed at the interface between composite solder joint and copper substrate. Additionally, blocky Ni-Sn-Cu IMC/GNS hybrids were also observed homogenously distributed in the composite solder matrices. Composite solder alloys incorporating Ni-decorated GNSs nanosheets showed slightly reduced electrical resistivity compared to the unreinforced SAC305 solder alloy. With an increase in the amount of Ni-GNS, the composite solders showed an improvement in wettability with an insignificant change in their melting temperature. Mechanical tests demonstrated that addition of 0.2 wt.% Ni-GNS would result in 19.7% and 16.9% improvements in microhardness and shear strength, respectively, in comparison to the unreinforced solders. Finally, the added Ni-GNS reinforcements in the solder matrix were assessed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy
6d holographic anomaly match as a continuum limit

An infinite class of analytic AdS_7 x S^3 solutions has recently been found.
The S^3 is distorted into a "crescent roll" shape by the presence of D8-branes.
These solutions are conjectured to be dual to a class of "linear quivers", with
a large number of gauge groups coupled to (bi-)fundamental matter and tensor
fields. In this paper we perform a precise quantitative check of this
correspondence, showing that the a Weyl anomalies computed in field theory and
gravity agree. In the holographic limit, where the number of gauge groups is
large, the field theory result is a quadratic form in the gauge group ranks
involving the inverse of the A_N Cartan matrix C. The agreement can be
understood as a continuum limit, using the fact that C is a lattice analogue of
a second derivative. The discrete data of the field theory, summarized by two
partitions, become in this limit the continuous functions in the geometry.
Conversely, the geometry of the internal space gets discretized at the quantum
level to the discrete data of the two partitions.Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures; v2: references added, minor changes; v3: typos
  fixed, details added in section 2.2.
A geometric approach to alternating $k$-linear forms

Given an $n$-dimensional vector space $V$ over a field $\mathbb K$, let
$2\leq k < n$. There is a natural correspondence between the alternating
$k$-linear forms $\varphi$ of $V$ and the linear functionals $f$ of
$\bigwedge^kV$. Let $\varepsilon_k:{\mathcal G}_k(V)\rightarrow
{\mathrm{PG}}(\bigwedge^kV)$ be the Plucker embedding of the $k$-Grassmannian
${\mathcal G}_k(V)$ of $V$. Then
$\varepsilon_k^{-1}(\ker(f)\cap\varepsilon_k(\mathcal{G}_k(V)))$ is a
hyperplane of the point-line geometry ${\mathcal G}_k(V)$. All hyperplanes of
${\mathcal G}_k(V)$ can be obtained in this way. For a hyperplane $H$ of
${\mathcal G}_k(V)$, let $R^\uparrow(H)$ be the subspace of ${\mathcal
G}_{k-1}(V)$ formed by the $(k-1)$-subspaces $A\subset V$ such that $H$
contains all $k$-subspaces that contain $A$. In other words, if $\varphi$ is
the (unique modulo a scalar) alternating $k$-linear form defining $H$, then the
elements of $R^\uparrow(H)$ are the $(k-1)$-subspaces $A = \langle a_1,\ldots,
a_{k-1}\rangle$ of $V$ such that $\varphi(a_1,\ldots, a_{k-1},x) = 0$ for all
$x\in V$. When $n-k$ is even it might be that $R^\uparrow(H) = \emptyset$. When
$n-k$ is odd, then $R^\uparrow(H) \neq \emptyset$, since every $(k-2)$-subspace
of $V$ is contained in at least one member of $R^\uparrow(H)$. If every
$(k-2)$-subspace of $V$ is contained in precisely one member of $R^\uparrow(H)$
we say that $R^\uparrow(H)$ is spread-like. In this paper we obtain some
results on $R^\uparrow(H)$ which answer some open questions from the literature
and suggest the conjecture that, if $n-k$ is even and at least $4$, then
$R^\uparrow(H) \neq \emptyset$ but for one exception with ${\mathbb
K}\leq{\mathbb R}$ and $(n,k) = (7,3)$, while if $n-k$ is odd and at least $5$
then $R^\uparrow(H)$ is never spread-like.Comment: 29 Page
Measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and
  constraints on its couplings from a combined ATLAS and CMS analysis of the
  LHC $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV

Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay
rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions,
are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production
processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production
with a $W$ or a $Z$ boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes
$H \to ZZ, WW$, $\gamma\gamma, \tau\tau, bb$, and $\mu\mu$. All results are
reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of
the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses
the CERN LHC proton--proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS
experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per
experiment of approximately 5 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV and 20 fb$^{-1}$ at
$\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the
two experiments are combined within the context of three generic
parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one
on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements
with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal
yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 $\pm$
0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector
boson fusion production process and for the $H \to \tau\tau$ decay of $5.4$ and
$5.5$ standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the
Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered.Comment: 70 pages plus author lists + cover page (104 pages total), 32
  figures, 22 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary
  figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2015-07/ and at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-15-002
Developing priority variables ("ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables" - eEOVs) for observing dynamics and change in Southern Ocean ecosystems

Reliable statements about variability and change in marine ecosystems and their underlying causes are needed to report on their status and to guide management. Here we use the Framework on Ocean Observing (FOO) to begin\ud
developing ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables (eEOVs) for the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS). An\ud
eEOV is a defined biological or ecological quantity, which is derived from field observations, and which contributes significantly to assessments of Southern Ocean ecosystems. Here, assessments are concerned with estimating status and trends in ecosystem properties, attribution of trends to causes, and predicting future trajectories. eEOVs should be feasible to collect at appropriate spatial and temporal scales and are useful to the extent that they contribute to direct estimation of trends and/or attribution, and/or development of ecological (statistical or simulation) models to support assessments. In this paper we outline the rationale, including establishing a set of criteria, for selecting eEOVs for the SOOS and develop a list of candidate eEOVs for further evaluation. Other than habitat variables, nine types of eEOVs for Southern Ocean taxa are identified within three classes: state (magnitude, genetic/species, size spectrum), predator–prey (diet, foraging range), and autecology (phenology, reproductive rate, individual growth rate, detritus). Most candidates for the suite of Southern Ocean taxa relate to state or diet. Candidate autecological eEOVs have not been developed other than for marine mammals and birds.Wec onsider some of the spatial and temporal issues that will influence the adoption and use of eEOVs in an observing system in the Southern Ocean, noting that existing operations and platforms potentially provide coverage of the four main sectors of the region—the East and West Pacific, Atlantic and Indian. Lastly, we discuss the importance of simulation modelling in helping with the design of the observing system in the long term.\ud
Regional boundary: south of 30°S
The agreement between proxy and self-completed EQ-5D for care home residents was better for index scores than individual domains.

This is a freely-available open access publication. Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.OBJECTIVE: Proxy measures are an alternative source of data for care home residents who are unable to complete the health utility measure, but the agreement levels between residents and care home staff for the EQ-5D have not been investigated previously. The objective of the present study was to examine the inter-rater agreement levels for the reporting of EQ-5D by care home residents and staff, adjusting for the impact of clustering. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The data consist of EQ-5D scores for 565 pairs of care home residents and proxies and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for 248 pairs. Cluster-adjusted agreement was compared for the domains, index scores, and QALYs from the EQ-5D. Factors influencing index score agreement are also described. RESULTS: The results show poor to fair agreement at the domain level (cluster-adjusted Kappa -0.03 to 0.26) and moderate agreement at the score level (cluster-adjusted intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.44-0.50) and for QALYs (cluster-adjusted ICC 0.59). A higher likelihood of depression and lower cognitive impairment were both associated with smaller discrepancy between proxy and self-completed scores. CONCLUSION: Proxies appear to be an acceptable source of data for index scores and QALYs but may be less reliable if individual domains are considered.National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programm
Measurement of CP observables in B 0 → DK ∗0 with D →K + K −

The decay B 0 → DK *0 and the charge conjugate mode are studied using 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at  s√=7s=7  TeV in 2011. The CP asymmetry between the B 0 → DK *0 and the  B⎯⎯⎯⎯0→DK⎯⎯⎯⎯∗0B¯0→DK¯∗0  decay rates, with the neutral D meson in the CP-even final state K + K −, is found to be
KKd=−0.45±0.23±0.02,
AdKK=−0.45±0.23±0.02,
where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. In addition, favoured B 0 → DK *0 decays are reconstructed with the D meson in the non-CP eigenstate K +π−. The ratio of the B-flavour averaged decay rates in D decays to CP and non-CP eigenstates is measured to be
KKd=1.36+0.37−0.32±0.07,
RdKK=1.36−0.32+0.37±0.07,
where the ratio of the branching fractions of D 0 → K −π+ to D 0 → K + K − decays is included as multiplicative factor. The CP asymmetries measured with two control channels, the favoured B 0 → DK *0 decay with D → K +π− and the  B⎯⎯⎯⎯0s→DK∗0B¯s0→DK∗0  decay with D→K + K −, arealsoreported