pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Postmating–prezygotic isolation between two allopatric populations of Drosophila montana : fertilisation success differs under sperm competition

This study was funded by the Academy of Finland (grant 250999 to O. A.-H.).Postmating but prezygotic (PMPZ) interactions are increasingly recognized as a potentially important early-stage barrier in the evolution of reproductive isolation. A recent study described a potential example between populations of the same species: single matings between Drosophila montana populations resulted in differential fertilisation success because of the inability of sperm from one population (Vancouver) to penetrate the eggs of the other population (Colorado). As the natural mating system of D. montana is polyandrous (females remate rapidly), we set up double matings of all possible crosses between the same populations to test whether competitive effects between ejaculates influence this PMPZ isolation. We measured premating isolation in no-choice tests, female fecundity, fertility and egg-to-adult viability after single and double matings as well as second-male paternity success (P2). Surprisingly, we found no PMPZ reproductive isolation between the two populations under a competitive setting, indicating no difficulty of sperm from Vancouver males to fertilize Colorado eggs after double matings. While there were subtle differences in how P2 changed over time, suggesting that Vancouver males’ sperm are somewhat less competitive in a first-male role within Colorado females, these effects did not translate into differences in overall P2. Fertilisation success can thus differ dramatically between competitive and noncompetitive conditions, perhaps because the males that mate second produce higher quality ejaculates in response to sperm competition. We suggest that unlike in more divergent species comparisons, where sperm competition typically increases reproductive isolation, ejaculate tailoring can reduce the potential for PMPZ isolation when recently diverged populations interbreed.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
CO2 STORage Evaluation Database (CO2 Stored): the UK's online storage atlas

The CO2 Storage Evaluation Database (CO2 Stored) is the UK's offshore storage atlas. It provides online access to information for over 500 potential offshore storage units. CO2 Stored is hosted and developed in partnership by The Crown Estate (TCE) and The British Geological Survey (BGS). CO2 Stored provides access to some of the results of the UK Storage Appraisal Project (UKSAP; commissioned and funded by the Energy Technologies Institute). Through CO2 Stored information can be delivered for a range of storage types including saline aquifers and oil and gas fields concerning the geological parameters of the storage units, potential geological risks and economic projections for cost of storage
The two-loop helicity amplitudes for $q\overline{q}^{\prime}\to {V}_1{V}_2\to 4$

We compute the two-loop massless QCD corrections to the helicity amplitudes for the production of two massive vector bosons in quark-antiquark annihilation, allowing for an arbitrary virtuality of the vector bosons: $q \bar q' \to V_1V_2$. Combining with the leptonic decay currents, we obtain the full two-loop QCD description of the corresponding electroweak four-lepton production processes. The calculation is performed by projecting the two-loop diagrams onto an appropriate basis of Lorentz structures. All two-loop Feynman integrals are reduced to a basis of master integrals, which are then computed using the differential equations method and optimised for numerical performance. We provide a public C++ code which allows for fast and precise numerical evaluations of the amplitudes
Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons. The analysis is based on a 19.7 inverse femtobarn sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background. The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value. No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined. These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters
Genome-wide association analysis of more than 120,000 individuals identifies 15 new susceptibility loci for breast cancer

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and large-scale replication studies have identified common variants in 79 loci associated with breast cancer, explaining ∼14% of the familial risk of the disease. To identify new susceptibility loci, we performed a meta-analysis of 11 GWAS, comprising 15,748 breast cancer cases and 18,084 controls together with 46,785 cases and 42,892 controls from 41 studies genotyped on a 211,155-marker custom array (iCOGS). Analyses were restricted to women of European ancestry. We generated genotypes for more than 11 million SNPs by imputation using the 1000 Genomes Project reference panel, and we identified 15 new loci associated with breast cancer at P < 5 × 10(-8). Combining association analysis with ChIP-seq chromatin binding data in mammary cell lines and ChIA-PET chromatin interaction data from ENCODE, we identified likely target genes in two regions: SETBP1 at 18q12.3 and RNF115 and PDZK1 at 1q21.1. One association appears to be driven by an amino acid substitution encoded in EXO1.status: publishe
Proton-induced deuteron breakup at GeV energies with forward emission of a fast proton pair

A study of the deuteron breakup reaction pd --> (pp)n with forward emission of a fast proton pair with small excitation energy E-pp < 3 MeV has been performed using the ANKE spectrometer at COSY-Julich. An exclusive measurement was carried out at six proton-beam energies T-p = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.95, 1.35 and 1.9 GeV by reconstructing the momenta of the two protons. The differential cross section of the breakup reaction. averaged up to 8degrees over the cm polar angle of the total momentum of the pp pairs. has been obtained. Since the kinematics of this process is quite similar to that of backward elastic pd --> dp scattering, the results are compared to calculations based on a theoretical model previously applied to the pd --> dp process. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V
Di-Higgs final states augMT2ed – Selecting hh events at the high luminosity LHC

Higgs boson self-interactions can be investigated via di-Higgs ( <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>X</mi></math> ) production at the LHC. With a small <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>30</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext>fb</mtext></math> Standard Model production cross section, and a large <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math> background, this measurement has been considered challenging, even at a luminosity-upgraded LHC. We demonstrate that by using simple kinematic bounding variables, of the sort already employed in existing LHC searches, the dominant <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>t</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math> background can be largely eliminated. Simulations of the signal and the dominant background demonstrate the prospect for measurement of the di-Higgs production cross section at the <math altimg="si4.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>30</mn><mtext>%</mtext></math> level using <math altimg="si5.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mtext>ab</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> of integrated luminosity at a high luminosity LHC. This corresponds to a Higgs self-coupling determination with <math altimg="si6.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>60</mn><mtext>%</mtext></math> accuracy in the <math altimg="si7.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math> mode, with potential for further improvements from e.g. subjet technologies and from additional di-Higgs decay channels
Attractors, black objects and holographic RG flows in 5d maximal gauged supergravities

We perform a systematic search for static solutions in different sectors of 5d $ \mathcal{N} $ = 8 supergravities with compact and non-compact gauged R-symmetry groups, finding new and listing already known backgrounds. Due to the variety of possible gauge groups and resulting scalar potentials, the maximally symmetric vacua we encounter in these theories can be Minkowski, de Sitter, or anti-de Sitter. There exist BPS and non-BPS near-horizon geometries and full solutions with all these three types of asymptotics, corresponding to black holes, branes, strings, rings, and other black objects with more exotic horizon topologies, supported by U(1) and SU(2) charges. The asymptotically AdS 5 solutions also have a clear holographic interpretation as RG flows of field theories on D3 branes, wrapped on compact 2- and 3-manifolds
Mirroring of 400 GeV/ c protons by an ultra-thin straight crystal

Channeling is the confinement of the trajectory of a charged particle in a crystalline solid. Positively charged particles channeled between crystal planes oscillate with a certain oscillation length , which depends on particle energy. A crystal whose thickness is half the oscillation length for planar channeling may act as a mirror for charged particles. If the incident angle of the particle trajectory with the crystal plane is less than the critical angle for channeling, under-barrier particles undergo half an oscillation and exit the crystal with the reversal of their transverse momentum, i.e., the particles are “mirrored” by the crystal planes. Unlike the traditional scheme relying on millimeter-long curved crystals, particle mirroring enables beam steering in high-energy accelerators via interactions with micrometer-thin straight crystal. The main advantage of mirroring is the interaction with a minimal amount of material along the beam, thereby decreasing unwanted incoherent nuclear interactions. The effectiveness of the mirror effect for ultrarelativistic positive particles has been experimentally proven at external lines of CERN-SPS. The mirroring effect in a 26.5-μm-thick Si crystal has been studied in the experiment with a narrow beam of 400 GeV/ c protons at the CERN-SPS. The reflection efficiency for a quasi-parallel beam is larger than 80%
BCS instability and finite temperature corrections to tachyon mass in intersecting D 1-branes

A holographic description of BCS superconductivity is given in [1]. This model was constructed by insertion of a pair of D 8-branes on a D 4-background. The spectrum of intersecting D 8-branes has tachyonic modes indicating an instability which is identified with the BCS instability in superconductors. Our aim is to study the stability of the intersecting branes under finite temperature effects. Many of the technical aspects of this problem are captured by a simpler problem of two intersecting D 1-branes on flat background. In the simplified set-up we compute the one-loop finite temperature corrections to the tree-level tachyon mass-squared-squared using the frame-work of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in (1 + 1)-dimensions. We show that the one-loop two-point functions are ultraviolet finite due to cancellation of ultraviolet divergence between the amplitudes containing bosons and fermions in the loop. The amplitudes are found to be infrared divergent due to the presence of massless fields in the loops. We compute the finite temperature mass-squared correction to all the massless fields and use these temperature dependent masses-squared to compute the tachyonic mass-squared correction. We show numerically the existence of a transition temperature at which the effective mass-squared of the tree-level tachyons becomes zero, thereby stabilizing the brane configuration
Moment analysis of hadronic vacuum polarization

I suggest a new approach to the determination of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμHVP in lattice QCD. It is based on properties of the Mellin transform of the hadronic spectral function and their relation to the HVP self-energy in the Euclidean. I show how aμHVP is very well approximated by a few moments associated to this Mellin transform and how these moments can be evaluated in lattice QCD, providing thus a series of tests when compared with the corresponding determinations using experimental data
Unraveling the pattern of the XYZ mesons

We present a plausible mechanism for the origin of the XYZ mesons in the heavy meson spectra within a standard quark-model picture. We discuss the conditions required for the existence of four-quark bound states or resonances contributing to the heavy meson spectra, being either compact or molecular. We concentrate on charmonium and bottomonium spectra, where several new states, difficult to understand as simple quark–antiquark pairs, have been reported by different experimental collaborations. The pivotal role played by entangled meson–meson thresholds is emphasized
Factorization of radiative leptonic decays of B− and D− mesons

In this work, we study the factorization of the radiative leptonic decays of B− and D− mesons, the contributions of the order O(ΛQCD/mQ) are taken into account. The factorization is proved to be valid explicitly at the order O(αsΛQCD/mQ) . The hard kernel is obtained. The numerical results are calculated using the wave-function obtained in relativistic potential model. The O(ΛQCD/mQ) contribution is found to be very important, the correction to the decay amplitudes of B−→γeν¯ is about 20%–30%. For D mesons, the O(ΛQCD/mQ) contributions are more important
Seiberg-Witten for Spin( n ) with spinors

N = 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ supersymmetric Spin( n ) gauge theory admits hypermultiplets in spinor representations of the gauge group, compatible with β ≤ 0, for n ≤ 14. The theories with β < 0 can be obtained as mass-deformations of the β = 0 theories, so it is of greatest interest to construct the β = 0 theories. In previous works, we discussed the n ≤ 8 theories. Here, we turn to the 9 ≤ n ≤ 14 cases. By compactifying the D N (2,0) theory on a 4-punctured sphere, we find Seiberg-Witten solutions to almost all of the remaining cases. There are five theories, however, which do not seem to admit a realization from six dimensions
The continuous tower of scalar fields as a system of interacting dark matter–dark energy

This paper aims to introduce a new parameterisation for the coupling Q in interacting dark matter and dark energy models by connecting said models with the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields model. Based upon the existence of a dark matter and a dark energy sectors in the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields, a simplification is considered for the evolution of a single scalar field from the tower, validated in this paper. This allows for the results obtained with the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields model to match those of an interacting dark matter–dark energy system, considering that the energy transferred from one fluid to the other is given by the energy of the scalar fields that start oscillating at a given time, rather than considering that the energy transference depends on properties of the whole fluids that are interacting
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in chemically disordered FePd–FeV(100) alloy thin films

We find that the use of V(100) buffer layers on MgO(001) substrates for the epitaxy of FePd binary alloys yields to the formation at intermediate and high deposition temperatures of a FePd–FeV mixed phase due to strong V diffusion accompanied by a loss of layer continuity and strong increase of its mosaic spread. Contrary to what is usually found in this kind of systems, these mixed phase structures exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) which is not correlated with the presence of chemical order, almost totally absent in all the fabricated structures, even at deposition temperatures where it is usually obtained with other buffer layers. Thus the observed PMA can be ascribed to the V interdiffusion and the formation of a FeV alloy, being the global sample saturation magnetization also reduced.This work was partially financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology and Comunidad de Madrid. One of the authors (C.C.) acknowledges the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and FPI program for financial support. Two of the authors (J.M.G.-M. and Y.H.) acknowledge the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas\ud
(CSIC) and Ramón y Cajal program for financial support. The authors thank Dr. Elisa Román for the use of the XPS equipment and fruitful discussions.Peer reviewe
Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 Tev with the ATLAS detector

Several models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict neutral particles that decay into final states consisting of collimated jets of light leptons and hadrons (so-called "lepton jets"). These particles can also be long-lived with decay length comparable to, or even larger than, the LHC detectors' linear dimensions. This paper presents the results of a search for lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV in a sample of 20.3 fb(-1) collected during 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Limits on models predicting Higgs boson decays to neutral long-lived lepton jets are derived as a function of the particle's proper decay length.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2014)088</p
Monitoring active volcanoes: The geochemical approach

Shallow magmas located beneath active volcanoes release volatiles both
during eruptive activity and during inter-eruptive periods (passive degassing). The fluids in
active volcanic areas rise directly from magma, and their composition is characterized mainly
by H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S, HF and HCl (condensable gases), and by some non-condensable gases
(e.g. He, H2, N2, CO, CH4).
The chemical composition of fumarolic gases can reflect the pressure, temperature and
oxygen fugacity conditions of the deep magmatic source, provided that during their rise
towards the surface, the gases do not undergo re-equilibration processes [Giggenbach 1980,
Giggenbach 1996, Nuccio and Paonita 2001, Paonita et al. 2002]. As the equilibrium kinetics of
several chemical reactions is much slower than the rising velocities of the gases, the gas
molecular compositions often undergo quenching phenomena, so that the gases show
temperature and pressure equilibria higher than their outlet values.
The concentration of magmatic species or their molecular ratios can be determined by
means of direct sampling of fumarole gases or by using telemetric methods of observation.
The extensive parameters (mass output) of volcanic fluids, coupled with the intensive
parameters described before, provide basic and useful information for the formulation of
volcanic fluid degassing models [Italiano et al. 1997, Brusca et al. 2004, Inguaggiato et al. 2011].
The first step in the framework of the geochemical investigation of a volcanic system
aimed at surveillance is the chemical and isotopic characterization of the fluids, and the putting
forward of a geochemical model [Inguaggiato et al. 2011]; within this geochemical model, it is
possible to interpret the observed changes in any single investigated parameter. The
geochemical approach is to identify the following topics:
• The main end-members involved in the studied system;
• The possible type and degree of interaction processes: e.g. water-rock and gas-water interactions;
• The mixing among the individual end-members;
• The chemical and isotopic characterization of a possible hydrothermal system;
• The formulation of a geochemical model
Rapamycin toxicity in MIN6 cells and rat and human islets is mediated by the inhibition of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2).

The online version of this article\ud
(doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2475-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited\ud
supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.Rapamycin (sirolimus) is one of the primary immunosuppressants for islet transplantation. Yet there is evidence that the long-term treatment of islet-transplant patients with rapamycin may be responsible for subsequent loss of islet graft function and viability. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rapamycin toxicity in beta cells.10682
Explaining the relationship between number line estimation and mathematical achievement: The role of visuo-motor integration and visuo-spatial skills

The file associated with this record is embargoed until 18 months after the date of publication. The final published version may be available through the links above.Performance on number line tasks, typically used as a measure of numerical representations, are reliably related to children’s mathematical achievement. However, recent debate has questioned what precisely performance on the number line estimation task measures. Specifically, there has been a suggestion that this task may measure not only numerical representations but also proportional judgment skills; if this is the case, then individual differences in visuospatial skills, not just the precision of numerical representations, may explain the relationship between number line estimation and mathematical achievement. The current study investigated the relationships among visuospatial skills, visuomotor integration, number line estimation, and mathematical achievement. In total, 77 children were assessed using a number line estimation task, a standardized measure of mathematical achievement, and tests of visuospatial skills and visuomotor integration. The majority of measures were significantly correlated. In addition, the relationship between one metric from the number line estimation task (R^2LIN) and mathematical achievement was fully explained by visuomotor integration and visuospatial skill competency. These results have important implications for understanding what the number line task measures as well as the choice of number line metric for research purposes.This study was funded by a project Grant (SP4575) from Action Medical Research (AMR), United Kingdom. C.G. is supported by a U.K. Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Multiparticle Higgs and vector boson amplitudes at threshold.

In a spontaneously broken gauge theory we consider (sub)-processes in which one virtual intermediate state (it can be a Higgs or a gauge field) produces many on-shell Higgses and massive vector bosons. In the kinematic regime where all final states are produced on their mass threshold, we show how to compute iteratively all tree-level amplitudes A1→n+m involving an arbitrary number n of Higgs bosons and m of longitudinal vector bosons in the final state, and list the amplitudes coefficients for up to n=32 and m=32. Wefindthattheseamplitudesexhibitfactorialgrowthnotonlyinthenumberof scalar fields, but also in the number of longitudinal gauge fields, A1→n+m ~ n! m!. This growth is not expected to disappear at loop-level in the fixed-order perturbation theory. We conclude that at energies accessible at the next generation of hadron colliders, such as the 50-100 TeV FCC, where sˆ⎷ is sufficient to produce ≫1/α W of W, Z and H, perturbation theory breaks down when applied to the multiparticle electroweak production, at least near the kinematic multiparticle mass threshold where the electroweak gauge-Higgs sector becomes strongly coupled