pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Magneto-static modeling of the mixed plasma Beta solar atmosphere based on SUNRISE/IMaX data

TN acknowledges support by the U.K.’s Science and Technology Facilities Council and would like to thank the MPS for its hospitality during a visit in December 2014.Our aim is to model the 3D magnetic field structure of the upper solar atmosphere, including regions of non-negligible plasma beta. We use high-resolution photospheric magnetic field measurements from SUNRISE/IMaX as boundary condition for a magneto-static magnetic field model. The high resolution of IMaX allows us to resolve the interface region between photosphere and corona, but modelling this region is challenging for the following reasons. While the coronal magnetic field is thought to be force-free (the Lorentz-force vanishes), this is not the case in the mixed plasma β environment in the photosphere and lower chromosphere. In our model, pressure gradients and gravity forces are taken self-consistently into account and compensate the non-vanishing Lorentz-force. Above a certain height (about 2 Mm) the non-magnetic forces become very weak and consequently the magnetic field becomes almost force-free. Here we apply a linear approach, where the electric current density consists of a superposition of a field-line parallel current and a current perpendicular to the Sun’s gravity field. We illustrate the prospects and limitations of this approach and give an outlook for an extension towards a non-linear model.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
ATLAS search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions using pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV

Mass and angular distributions of dijets produced in LHC proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV have been studied with the ATLAS detector using the full 2011 data set with an integrated luminosity of 4.8/fb. Dijet masses up to 4.0 TeV have been probed. No resonance-like features have been observed in the dijet mass spectrum, and all angular distributions are consistent with the predictions of QCD. Exclusion limits on six hypotheses of new phenomena have been set at 95% CL in terms of mass or energy scale, as appropriate. These hypotheses include excited quarks below 2.83 TeV, colour octet scalars below 1.86 TeV, heavy W bosons below 1.68 TeV, string resonances below 3.61 TeV, quantum black holes with six extra space-time dimensions for quantum gravity scales below 4.11 TeV, and quark contact interactions below a compositeness scale of 7.6 TeV in a destructive interference scenario
Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks I. Disk shape, dust settling, opacities, and PAHs

We propose a set of standard assumptions for the modelling of Class II and III protoplanetary disks, which includes detailed continuumradiative transfer, thermo-chemical modelling of gas and ice, and line radiative transfer from optical to cm wavelengths. We propose new standard dust opacities for disk models, we present a simplified treatment of PAHs sufficient to reproduce the PAH emission features, and we suggest using a simple treatment of dust settling. We roughly adjust parameters to obtain a model that predicts typical Class II T Tauri star continuum and line observations. We systematically study the impact ofeach model parameter (disk mass, disk extension and shape, dustsettling, dust size and opacity, gas/dust ratio, etc.) on all continuum and line observables, in particular on the SED, mm-slope, continuumvisibilities, and emission lines including [OI] 63μm, high-J CO lines, (sub-)mm CO isotopologue lines, and CO fundamental ro-vibrational lines. We find that evolved dust properties (large grains) often needed to fit the SED, have important consequences for disk chemistry and heating/cooling balance, leading to stronger emission lines in general. Strong dust settling and missing disk flaring have similar effects oncontinuum observations, but opposite effects on far-IR gas emissionlines. PAH molecules can shield the gas from stellar UV radiation because of their strong absorption and negligible scattering opacities.The observable millimetre-slope of the SED can become significantly more gentle in the case of cold disk midplanes, which we find regularly in our T Tauri models. We propose to use line observations of robustchemical tracers of the gas, such as O, CO, and H2, as additional constraints to determine some key properties of the disks, such as diskshape and mass, opacities, and the dust/gas ratio, by simultaneously fitting continuum and line observations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Measurement of dijet cross sections in pp collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector

Double-differential dijet cross-sections measured in pp collisions at the LHC with a 7TeV centre-of-mass energy are presented as functions of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation of the two highest-pT jets. These measurements are obtained using data\ud
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector in\ud
2011. The data are corrected for detector effects so that cross-sections are presented at the particle level. Cross-sections are measured up to 5TeV dijet mass using jets reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm for values of the jet radius parameter of 0.4 and 0.6. The cross-sections are compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations by NLOJet++ corrected to account for non-perturbative effects. Comparisons with POWHEG predictions, using a next-to-leading-order matrix element calculation interfaced to a partonshower Monte Carlo simulation, are also shown. Electroweak effects are accounted for in both cases. The quantitative comparison of data and theoretical predictions obtained using various parameterizations of the parton distribution functions is performed using a frequentist method. In general, good agreement with data is observed for the NLOJet++ theoretical predictions when using the CT10, NNPDF2.1 and MSTW 2008 PDF sets. Disagreement is observed when using the ABM11 and HERAPDF1.5 PDF sets for some ranges of dijet mass and half the rapidity separation. An example setting a lower limit on the compositeness scale for a model of contact interactions is presented, showing that the unfolded results can be used to constrain contributions to dijet production beyond that predicted by the Standard Model
Nucleation of superconductivity in regular polygons: superconducting vector potential gauge approach

An approach to the Ginzburg-Landau problem for superconducting regular polygons is developed making use of an analytical gauge transformation for the vector potential A which gives A(n) = 0 for the normal component along the boundary line of an arbitrary regular polygon. As a result the corresponding linearised Ginzburg-Landau equation reduces to an eigenvalue problem in the basis set of functions obeying Neumann boundary condition. The proposed approach allows for accurate calculations of the order parameter distributions at low calculational cost (small basis sets) for moderate applied magnetic fields. This is illustrated by considering the nucleation of superconductivity in squares and equilateral triangles where novel vortex patterns containing and antivortex in the centre are obtained on the T-c-H phase boundary. The stability of these solutions against small deviations from the phase boundary line deeper into the superconducting state is investigated and the conditions for the experimental observation of the novel vortex patterns are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
Is there still any T c mystery in lattice QCD? Results with physical masses in the continuum limit III

The present paper concludes our investigations on the QCD cross-over transition temperatures with 2+1 staggered flavours and one-link stout improvement. We extend our previous two studies [Phys. Lett. B643 (2006) 46, JHEP 0906:088 (2009)] by choosing even finer lattices (N t = 16) and we work again with physical quark masses. The new results on this broad cross-over are in complete agreement with our earlier ones. We compare our findings with the published results of the hotQCD collaboration. All these results are confronted with the predictions of the Hadron Resonance Gas model and Chiral Perturbation Theory for temperatures below the transition region. Our results can be reproduced by using the physical spectrum in these analytic calculations. The findings of the hotQCD collaboration can be recovered by using a distorted spectrum which takes into account lattice discretization artifacts and heavier than physical quark masses. This analysis provides a simple explanation for the observed discrepancy in the transition temperatures between our and the hotQCD collaborations
Probing the small- x nuclear gluon distributions with isolated photons at forward rapidities in p+Pb collisions at the LHC

Inclusive direct photon production in p+Pb collisions at the LHC is studied within the NLO perturbative QCD. Our aim is to quantify the dominant x regions probed at different rapidities and to identify the best conditions for testing the nuclear gluon parton distribution functions (nPDFs) at small x . A comparison to the inclusive pion production reveals that from these two processes the photons carry more sensitivity to the small- x partons and that this sensitivity can be further increased by imposing an isolation cut for the photon events. The details of the isolation criteria, however, seem to make only a small difference to the studied x sensitivity and have practically no effect on the expected nuclear modifications. We consider also the yield asymmetry between forward and backward rapidities which can be used to probe the nPDFs irrespectively of whether an accurate p+p baseline is available
Phenomenology of the Higgs effective Lagrangian via F eyn R ules

The Higgs discovery and the lack of any other hint for new physics favor a description of non-standard Higgs physics in terms of an effective field theory. We present an implementation of a general Higgs effective Lagrangian containing operators up to dimension six in the framework of F eyn R ules and provide details on the translation between the mass and interaction bases, in particular for three- and four-point interaction vertices involving Higgs and gauge bosons. We illustrate the strengths of this implementation by using the UFO interface of F eyn R ules capable to generate model files that can be understood by the M ad G raph 5 event generator and that have the specificity to contain all interaction vertices, without any restriction on the number of external legs or on the complexity of the Lorentz structures. We then investigate several new physics effects in total rates and differential distributions for different Higgs production modes, including gluon fusion, associated production with a gauge boson and di-Higgs production. We finally study contact interactions of gauge and Higgs bosons to fermions
Search for anomalous tt  production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- Chatrchyan, S. et al.A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, any enhancement to t t-bar production for invariant masses above 1 TeV in the standard model is constrained.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; and the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund.Peer reviewe
Implications of maternal nutrient restriction in transgenerational programming of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction across F1-F3 offspring

Aims: An extensive variety of prenatal insults are associated with an increased incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life. We previously demonstrated that maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy leads to increased blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in the adult offspring. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal exposure to nutritional insult has transgenerational effects in F-2 and F-3 offspring.Main methods: for this, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups on day 1 of pregnancy: a control group fed standard chow ad libitum and a restricted group fed 50% of the ad libitum intake throughout gestation. At delivery, all animals were fed a standard laboratory chow diet. At 11 weeks of age, one female and one male from each restricted litter were randomly selected and mated with rats from another restricted litters in order to generate the F-2 offspring. the same procedure produced F-3 generation. Similarly, the rats in the control group were bred for each generation.Key Findings: Our findings show that the deleterious effects of maternal nutrient restriction to which the F-0 mothers were exposed may not be limited to the male first generation. in fact, we found that elevated blood pressure, an impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and alterations in NO production were all transferred to the subsequent males from F-2 and F-3 generations.Significance: Our data show that global nutrient restriction during pregnancy results in a specific phenotype that can be passed transgenerationally to a second and third generation. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,EPM, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, ICB, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Pharmacol, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Div Nephrol, Dept Med,EPM, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 07/58044-2CNPq: 470504/2007-2Web of Scienc
Immunoexpression of aromatase and estrogen receptors beta in stem spermatogonia of bullfrogs indicates a role of estrogen in the seasonal spermatogonial mitotic activity

Bullfrog stem spermatogonia, also named primordial germ cells (PGCs), show strong testosterone immunolabeling in winter, but no or weak testosterone immunoexpression in summer. Thus, the role of testosterone in these cells needs to be clarified. in this study, we proposed to evaluate whether PGCs express aromatase and estrogen receptors, and verify a possible role of estrogen in PGCs seasonal proliferation. Testes of male adult bullfrogs, collected in winter (WG) and summer (SG), were fixed and embedded in historesin, for quantitative analysis, or paraffin for immunohistochemistry (IHC). the number of haematoxylin/eosin stained PGCs/lobular area was obtained. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), aromatase, estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) and PCNA/ER beta double immunolabeling were detected by IHC. the number of PCNA-positive PGCs and the histological score (HSCORE) of aromatase and ER beta immunolabeled PGCs were obtained. Although the number of PGCs increased significantly in WG, a high number of PCNA-positive PGCs was observed in summer. Moreover, aromatase and ER beta HSCORE was higher in SG than WG. the results indicate that PGCs express a seasonal proliferative activity; the low mitotic activity in winter is related to the maximal limit of germ cells which can be supported in the large lobules. in SG, the increased ER beta and aromatase HSCORE suggests that testosterone is converted into estrogen from winter to summer. Moreover, the parallelism between the high PGCs mitotic activity and ER beta immunoexpression suggest a participation of estrogen in the control of the PGCs seasonal proliferative activity which guarantee the formation of new germ cysts from summer to next autumn. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)Fed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Morphol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Araraquara, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Sch Dent, Dept Morphol,Lab Histol & Embryol, Araraquara, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Morphol & Genet, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2009/17895-5FUNDUNESP: 00661/04-DFPWeb of Scienc
Diverse roles of the ubiquitin system in NF-κB activation.

NF-κB is a transcription factor known to be involved in pleomorphic biological phenomena such as inflammation and immune responses. Abnormal activation of NF-κB has been reported in many pathological conditions, including allergic and auto-inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Therefore, the NF-κB activation pathway has been extensively studied and involvement of the ubiquitin conjugation system in the NF-κB activation pathways has been shown. Also non-degradable roles of the ubiquitin system have been revealed, recently. Several types of polyubiquitin chains exist and the type of chain seems to determine how ubiquitinated proteins are regulated. Roles of non-degradable types of polyubiquitin chains such as K63, linear and K11 chains in NF-κB activation is one of the big issues in NF-κB research. Thus, this short article discusses the differential roles of those polyubiquitin chains in NF-κB activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf
Cellular Adjuvant Properties, Direct Cytotoxicity of Re-differentiated Vα24 Invariant NKT-like Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

ヒトiPS細胞から、免疫機能を活性化させる細胞の作製に成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-03-24.Vα24 invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes implicated in the regulation of broad immune responses. They recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d on antigen-presenting cells and induce both innate and adaptive immune responses, which enhance effective immunity against cancer. Conversely, reduced iNKT cell numbers and function have been observed in many patients with cancer. To recover these numbers, we reprogrammed human iNKT cells to pluripotency and then re-differentiated them into regenerated iNKT cells in vitro through an IL-7/IL-15-based optimized cytokine combination. The re-differentiated iNKT cells showed proliferation and IFN-γ production in response to α-galactosylceramide, induced dendritic cell maturation and downstream activation of both cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, and exhibited NKG2D- and DNAM-1-mediated NK cell-like cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The immunological features of re-differentiated iNKT cells and their unlimited availability from induced pluripotent stem cells offer a potentially effective immunotherapy against cancer
Searching for highly obscured AGNs in the XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalog

The majority of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are obscured by large amounts of absorbing material that makes them invisible at many wavelengths. X-rays, given their penetrating power, provide the most secure way for finding these AGNs. The XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalog, of which 3XMM-DR4 is the latest version, is the largest catalog of X-ray sources ever produced; it contains about half a million detections. These sources are mostly AGNs. We have derived X-ray spectral fits for very many 3XMM-DR4 sources (≳114 000 observations, corresponding to ~77 000 unique sources), which contain more than 50 source photons per detector. Here, we use a subsample of ≃1000 AGNs in the footprint of the SDSS area (covering 120 deg2) with available spectroscopic redshifts. We searched for highly obscured AGNs by applying an automated selection technique based on X-ray spectral analysis that is capable of efficiently selecting AGNs. The selection is based on the presence of either a) flat rest-frame spectra from a simple power-law fit; b) flat observed spectra from an absorbed power-law fit; c) an absorption turnover, indicative of a high rest-frame column density; or d) the presence of an Fe Kα line with a large equivalent width (>500 eV). We found 81 highly obscured candidate sources. Subsequent detailed manual spectral fits revealed that 28 of them are heavily absorbed by column densities higher than 10[Superscript: 23] cm[Superscript: -2]. Of these 28 AGNs, 15 are candidate Compton-thick AGNs on the basis of either a high column density, consistent within the 90% confidence level with NH> 10[Superscript: 24] cm[Superscript: -2], or a large equivalent width (>500 eV) of the Fe Kα line. Another six are associated with near-Compton-thick AGNs with column densities of ~ 5 × 10[Superscript: 23] cm[Superscript: -2]. A combination of selection criteria a) and c) for low-quality spectra, and a) and d) for medium- to high-quality spectra, pinpoint highly absorbed AGNs with an efficiency of 80%.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio