pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Kinetic asymmetry of subunit exchange of homooligomeric protein as revealed by deuteration-assisted small-angle neutron scattering.

We developed a novel, to our knowledge, technique for real-time monitoring of subunit exchange in homooligomeric proteins, using deuteration-assisted small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and applied it to the tetradecamer of the proteasome α7 subunit. Isotopically normal and deuterated tetradecamers exhibited identical SANS profiles in 81% D(2)O solution. After mixing these solutions, the isotope sensitive SANS intensity in the low-q region gradually decreased, indicating subunit exchange, whereas the small-angle x-ray scattering profile remained unchanged confirming the structural integrity of the tetradecamer particles during the exchange. Kinetic analysis of zero-angle scattering intensity indicated that 1), only two of the 14 subunits were exchanged in each tetradecamer and 2), the exchange process involves at least two steps. This study underscores the usefulness of deuteration-assisted SANS, which can provide quantitative information not only on the molecular sizes and shapes of homooligomeric proteins, but also on their kinetic properties
The role of the superior temporal lobe in auditory false perceptions : a transcranial direct current stimulation study.

Neuroimaging has shown that a network of cortical areas, which includes the superior temporal gyrus, is active during auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). In the present study, healthy, non-hallucinating participants (N=30) completed an auditory signal detection task, in which participants were required to detect a voice in short bursts of white noise, with the variable of interest being the rate of false auditory verbal perceptions. This paradigm was coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation, a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, to test the involvement of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus in the creation of auditory false perceptions. The results showed that increasing the levels of excitability in this region led to a higher rate of ‘false alarm’ responses than when levels of excitability were decreased, with false alarm responses under a sham stimulation condition lying at a mid-point between anodal and cathodal stimulation conditions. There were also corresponding changes in signal detection parameters. These results are discussed in terms of prominent cognitive neuroscientific theories of AVHs, and potential future directions for research are outlined
Agent-based simulation of emergency response to plan the allocation of resources for a hypothetical two-site major incident.

During a major incident, the emergency services work together to ensure that those casualties who are critically injured are identified and transported to an appropriate hospital as fast as possible. If the incident is multi-site and resources are limited, the efficiency of this process is compromised as the finite resources must be shared among the multiple sites. In this paper, agent-based simulation is used to determine the allocation of resources for a two-site incident which minimizes the latest hospital arrival times for critically injured casualties. Further, how the optimal resource allocation depends on the distribution of casualties across the two sites is investigated. Such application supports the use of agent-based simulation as a tool to aid emergency response
Shift-symmetries at higher order.

The fate of shift-symmetries in effective string models is considered beyond tree-level. Such symmetries have been proposed in the past as a way to maintain a hierarchically small Higgs mass and also play a role in schemes of cosmological relaxation. It is argued that on general grounds one expects shift-symmetries to be restored in the limit of certain asymmetric compactifications, to all orders in perturbation theory. This behaviour is verified by explicit computation of the Kähler potential to one-loop order
Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry in $Z/\gamma^{\ast}
  \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decays and determination of the effective weak
  mixing angle

The forward-backward charge asymmetry for the process $q\bar{q} \rightarrow
Z/\gamma^{\ast} \rightarrow \mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ is measured as a function of the
invariant mass of the dimuon system. Measurements are performed using proton
proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and
8\tev, corresponding to integrated luminosities of $1$fb$^{-1}$ and
$2$fb$^{-1}$ respectively. Within the Standard Model the results constrain the
effective electroweak mixing angle to be $$sin^{2}\theta_{W}^{eff} = 0.23142
\pm 0.00073 \pm 0.00052 \pm 0.00056 $$ where the first uncertainty is
statistical, the second systematic and the third theoretical. This result is in
agreement with the current world average, and is one of the most precise
determinations at hadron colliders to date.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-039.htm
Cosmic ray air showers from sphalerons

The discovery of the Higgs boson marks a key ingredient to establish the
electroweak structure of the Standard Model. Its non-abelian gauge structure
gives rise to, yet unobserved, non-perturbative baryon and lepton number
violating processes. We propose to use cosmic ray air showers, as measured at
the Pierre Auger Observatory, to set a limit on the hadronic production cross
section of sphalerons. We identify several observables to discriminate between
sphaleron and QCD induced air showers.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Modelling the number density of Halpha emitters for future spectroscopic
  near-IR space missions

The future space missions Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA will use the Halpha emission
line to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies. The Halpha
luminosity function at z>0.7 is one of the major sources of uncertainty in
forecasting cosmological constraints from these missions. We construct unified
empirical models of the Halpha luminosity function spanning the range of
redshifts and line luminosities relevant to the redshift surveys proposed with
Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA. By fitting to observed luminosity functions from Halpha
surveys, we build three models for its evolution. Different fitting
methodologies, functional forms for the luminosity function, subsets of the
empirical input data, and treatment of systematic errors are considered to
explore the robustness of the results. Functional forms and model parameters
are provided for all three models, along with the counts and redshift
distributions up to z~2.5 for a range of limiting fluxes (F_Halpha>0.5 - 3 x
10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1) that are relevant for future space missions. For
instance, in the redshift range 0.90<z<1.8, our models predict an available
galaxy density in the range 7700--13300 and 2000--4800 deg^-2 respectively at
fluxes above F_Halpha>1 and 2 x 10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1, and 32000--48000 for
F_Halpha>0.5 x 10^-16 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in the extended redshift range 0.40<z<1.8.
We also consider the implications of our empirical models for the total Halpha
luminosity density of the Universe, and the closely related cosmic star
formation history.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, A&A (in press, preprint version available
  online). Models can be downloaded at
  http://www.bo.astro.it/~pozzetti/Halpha/Halpha.htm
Measurement of $W^{\pm}$ and $Z$-boson production cross sections in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the $W^{\pm} \rightarrow \ell^{\pm} \nu$ and $Z \rightarrow
\ell^+ \ell^-$ production cross sections (where $\ell^{\pm}=e^{\pm},\mu^{\pm}$)
in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV are presented using data
recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to
a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb$^{-1}$ The total inclusive
$W^{\pm}$-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour
branching ratios are $\sigma_{W^+}^{tot}= 11.83 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.32 (sys)
\pm 0.25 (lumi)$ nb and $\sigma_{W^-}^{tot} = 8.79 \pm 0.02 (stat) \pm 0.24
(sys) \pm 0.18 (lumi)$ nb for $W^+$ and $W^-$, respectively. The total
inclusive $Z$-boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio,
within the invariant mass window $66 < m_{\ell\ell} < 116$ GeV, is
$\sigma_{Z}^{tot} = 1.981 \pm 0.007 (stat) \pm 0.038 (sys) \pm 0.042 (lumi)$
nb. The $W^+$, $W^-$, and $Z$-boson production cross sections and cross-section
ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also
measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of
experimental uncertainties, resulting in $\sigma_{W^+}^{fid}/\sigma_{W^-}^{fid}
= 1.295 \pm 0.003 (stat) \pm 0.010 (sys)$ and
$\sigma_{W^{\pm}}^{fid}/\sigma_{Z}^{fid} = 10.31 \pm 0.04 (stat) \pm 0.20
(sys)$. Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to
next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and to next-to-leading
order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution
function sets, are compared to these measurements.Comment: Comments: 17 pages plus author list + cover pages (34 pages total), 5
  figures, 3 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including
  auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-03
PTF12os and iPTF13bvn. Two stripped-envelope supernovae from low-mass
  progenitors in NGC 5806

We investigate two stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) discovered in the
nearby galaxy NGC 5806 by the (i)PTF. These SNe, designated PTF12os/SN 2012P
and iPTF13bvn, exploded at a similar distance from the host-galaxy center. We
classify PTF12os as a Type IIb SN based on our spectral sequence; iPTF13bvn has
previously been classified as Type Ib having a likely progenitor with zero age
main sequence (ZAMS) mass below ~17 solar masses. Our main objective is to
constrain the explosion parameters of iPTF12os and iPTF13bvn, and to put
constraints on the SN progenitors.
  We present comprehensive datasets on the SNe, and introduce a new
reference-subtraction pipeline (FPipe) currently in use by the iPTF. We perform
a detailed study of the light curves (LCs) and spectral evolution of the SNe.
The bolometric LCs are modeled using the hydrodynamical code HYDE. We use
nebular models and late-time spectra to constrain the ZAMS mass of the
progenitors. We perform image registration of ground-based images of PTF12os to
archival HST images of NGC 5806 to identify a potential progenitor candidate.
  Our nebular spectra of iPTF13bvn indicate a low ZAMS mass of ~12 solar masses
for the progenitor. The late-time spectra of PTF12os are consistent with a ZAMS
mass of ~15 solar masses. We successfully identify a progenitor candidate to
PTF12os using archival HST images. This source is consistent with being a
cluster of massive stars. Our hydrodynamical modeling suggests that the
progenitor of PTF12os had a compact He core with a mass of 3.25 solar masses,
and that 0.063 solar masses of strongly mixed 56Ni was synthesized. Spectral
comparisons to the Type IIb SN 2011dh indicate that the progenitor of PTF12os
was surrounded by a hydrogen envelope with a mass lower than 0.02 solar masses.
We also find tentative evidence that the progenitor of iPTF13bvn could have
been surrounded by a small amount of hydrogen.Comment: 34 pages, 18 figures, accepted by A&
Characterization of Cesaro- and L-asymptotic limits of matrices

The main goal of this paper is to characterise all the possible\ud
Ces�aro and L-asymptotic limits of powerbounded, complex matrices. The\ud
investigation of the L-asymptotic limit of a powerbounded operator goes back\ud
to Sz.-Nagy and it shows how the orbit of a vector behaves with respect to\ud
the powers. It turns out that the two types of asymptotic limits coincide for\ud
every powerbounded matrix and a special case is connected to the description\ud
of the products SS� where S runs through those invertible matrices which\ud
have unit columnvectors. We also show that for any powerbounded operator\ud
acting on an arbitrary complex Hilbert space the norm of the L-asymptotic\ud
limit is greater than or equal to 1, unless it is zero; moreover, the same is true\ud
for the Ces�aro asymptotic limit of a not necessarily powerbounded operator,\ud
if it exists
Pulsating red giant stars in eccentric binary systems discovered from Kepler space-based photometry. A sample study and the analysis of KIC 5006817

Context. The unparalleled photometric data obtained by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope has led to improved understanding of red giant stars and binary stars. Seismology allows us to constrain the properties of red giants. In addition to eclipsing binaries, eccentric non-eclipsing binaries that exhibit ellipsoidal modulations have been detected with Kepler.\ud
Aims: We aim to study the properties of eccentric binary systems containing a red giant star and to derive the parameters of the primary giant component.\ud
Methods: We applied asteroseismic techniques to determine the masses and radii of the primary component of each system. For a selected target, light and radial velocity curve modelling techniques were applied to extract the parameters of the system and its primary component. Stellar evolution and its effects on the evolution of the binary system were studied from theoretical models.\ud
Results: The paper presents the asteroseismic analysis of 18 pulsating red giants in eccentric binary systems, for which masses and radii were constrained. The orbital periods of these systems range from 20 to 440 days. The results of our ongoing radial velocity monitoring programme with the Hermes spectrograph reveal an eccentricity range of e = 0.2 to 0.76. As a case study we present a detailed analysis of KIC 5006817, whose rich oscillation spectrum allows for detailed seismic analysis. From seismology we constrain the rotational period of the envelope to be at least 165 d, which is roughly twice the orbital period. The stellar core rotates 13 times faster than the surface. From the spectrum and radial velocities we expect that the Doppler beaming signal should have a maximum amplitude of 300 ppm in the light curve. Fixing the mass and radius to the asteroseismically determined values, we find from our binary modelling a value of the gravity darkening exponent that is significantly larger than expected. Through binary modelling, we determine the mass of the secondary component to be 0.29 ± 0.03 M&sun;.\ud
Conclusions: For KIC 5006817 we exclude pseudo-synchronous rotation of the red giant with the orbit. The comparison of the results from seismology and modelling of the light curve shows a possible alignment of the rotational and orbital axis at the 2sigma level. Red giant eccentric systems could be progenitors of cataclysmic variables and hot subdwarf B stars
Effects of rhythmic stimulus presentation on oscillatory brain activity: the physiology of cueing in Parkinson’s disease

Contains fulltext :
                  151750.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The basal ganglia play an important role in beat perception and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are impaired in perception of beat-based rhythms. Rhythmic cues are nonetheless beneficial in gait rehabilitation, raising the question how rhythm improves movement in PD. We addressed this question with magnetoencephalography recordings during a choice response task with rhythmic and non-rhythmic modes of stimulus presentation. Analyses focused on (i) entrainment of slow oscillations, (ii) the depth of beta power modulation, and (iii) whether a gain in modulation depth of beta power, due to rhythmicity, is of predictive or reactive nature. The results show weaker phase synchronisation of slow oscillations and a relative shift from predictive to reactive movement-related beta suppression in PD. Nonetheless, rhythmic stimulus presentation increased beta modulation depth to the same extent in patients and controls. Critically, this gain selectively increased the predictive and not reactive movement-related beta power suppression. Operation of a predictive mechanism, induced by rhythmic stimulation, was corroborated by a sensory gating effect in the sensorimotor cortex. The predictive mode of cue utilisation points to facilitation of basal ganglia-premotor interactions, contrasting with the popular view that rhythmic stimulation confers a special advantage in PD, based on recruitment of alternative pathways
Symbiotic stars in X-rays II: Faint sources detected with XMM- Newton and Chandra

We report the detection from four symbiotics stars that were not known to be X-ray sources. These four object show a beta-type X-ray spectrum, that is, their spectra can be modeled with an absorbed optically thin thermal emission with temperatures of a few million degrees. Photometric series obtained with the Optical Monitor on board XMM- Newton from V2416 Sgr and NSV 25735 support the proposed scenario where the X-ray emission is produced in a shock-heated region inside the symbiotic nebulae.Fil: Nuñez, Natalia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronomicas de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Gerardo Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio(i); ArgentinaFil: Pilliteri, I.. Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo; ItaliaFil: Mukai, K.. University of Maryland. Department of Physics. CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory; Estados Unido
Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in muon-p
  SIDIS processes: Sivers asymmetries

The COMPASS Collaboration at CERN has measured the transverse spin azimuthal
asymmetry of charged hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic
scattering using a 160 GeV positive muon beam and a transversely polarised NH_3
target. The Sivers asymmetry of the proton has been extracted in the Bjorken x
range 0.003<x<0.7. The new measurements have small statistical and systematic
uncertainties of a few percent and confirm with considerably better accuracy
the previous COMPASS measurement. The Sivers asymmetry is found to be
compatible with zero for negative hadrons and positive for positive hadrons, a
clear indication of a spin-orbit coupling of quarks in a transversely polarised
proton. As compared to measurements at lower energy, a smaller Sivers asymmetry
for positive hadrons is found in the region x > 0.03. The asymmetry is
different from zero and positive also in the low x region, where sea-quarks
dominate. The kinematic dependence of the asymmetry has also been investigated
and results are given for various intervals of hadron and virtual photon
fractional energy. In contrast to the case of the Collins asymmetry, the
results on the Sivers asymmetry suggest a strong dependence on the
four-momentum transfer to the nucleon, in agreement with the most recent
calculations.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
“Sorry I forgot your birthday!”: Adjusting apparent school participation for survey timing when age is measured in whole years

When only whole years of age are recorded in survey data, children who experienced a birthday since the beginning of the school year may appear to be of school-age when they are not, or vice-versa. This creates an error in estimates of school participation indicators based on such data. This issue is well-known in education statistics, and several procedures attempting to correct for this error have been proposed. The present study critiques current practice and demonstrates that its limitations continue to confound educational research and high-stakes policy conclusions: speculative explanations have been proposed for what is actually a measurement artefact. An alternative adjustment strategy is proposed that coherently exploits all available information and explicitly indicates the remaining uncertainty. The application of the method is illustrated by a number of empirical case studies using recent household survey data. These examples demonstrate that the method is feasible, accurate, and that taking survey timing into account can significantly alter how these data are interpreted
Pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin from Opuntia ficus indica modulates arachidonate metabolism and prostaglandin synthesis through lipid peroxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Macrophages come across active prostaglandin (PG) metabolism during inflammation, shunting early production of pro-inflammatory towards anti-inflammatory mediators terminating the process. This work for the first time provides evidence that a phytochemical may modulate the arachidonate (AA) metabolism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, promoting the ultimate formation of anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone 15deoxy-PGJ2. Added 1 h before LPS, indicaxanthin from Opuntia Ficus Indica prevented activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and over-expression of PGE2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), but up-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PGD2 synthase (H-PGDS), with final production of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone. The effects were positively related with concentration between 50 and 100 µM. Indicaxanthin did not have any effect in the absence of LPS. A kinetic study investigating the redox status of LPS-stimulated macrophages between 0.5 and 12 h, either in the absence or in the presence of 50-100 µM indicaxanthin, revealed a differential control of ROS production, with early (0.5-3 h) modest inhibition, followed by a progressive (3-12 h) concentration-dependent enhancement over the level induced by LPS alone. In addition, indicaxanthin caused early (0.5-3 h) concentration-dependent elevation of conjugated diene lipid hydroperoxides, and production of hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, over the amount induced by LPS. In LPS-stimulated macrophages indicaxanthin did not affect PG metabolism when co-incubated with either an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase or vitamin E. It is concluded that LPS-induced pro-oxidant activity of indicaxanthin at the membrane level allows formation of signaling intermediates whose accumulation modulates PG biosynthetic pathway in inflamed macrophages