pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Design and rationale of a prospective, collaborative meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials of angiotensin receptor antagonists in Marfan syndrome, based on individual patient data: A report from the Marfan Treatment Trialists' Collaboration

RationaleA number of randomized trials are underway, which will address the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on aortic root enlargement and a range of other end points in patients with Marfan syndrome. If individual participant data from these trials were to be combined, a meta-analysis of the resulting data, totaling approximately 2,300 patients, would allow estimation across a number of trials of the treatment effects both of ARB therapy and of β-blockade.Such an analysis would also allow estimation of treatment effects in particular subgroups of patients on a range of end points of interest and would allow a more powerful estimate of the effects of these treatments on a composite end point of several clinical outcomes than would be available from any individual trial.DesignA prospective, collaborative meta-analysis based on individual patient data from all randomized trials in Marfan syndrome of (i) ARBs versus placebo (or open-label control) and (ii) ARBs versus β-blockers will be performed.A prospective study design, in which the principal hypotheses, trial eligibility criteria, analyses, and methods are specified in advance of the unblinding of the component trials, will help to limit bias owing to data-dependent emphasis on the results of particular trials. The use of individual patient data will allow for analysis of the effects of ARBs in particular patient subgroups and for time-to-event analysis for clinical outcomes.The meta-analysis protocol summarized in this report was written on behalf of the Marfan Treatment Trialists' Collaboration and finalized in late 2012, without foreknowledge of the results of any component trial, and will be made available online (http://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/research/meta-trials)
Experimental constraints on the γ-ray strength function in 90Zr using partial cross sections of the Y89(p,γ)Zr90 reaction

AbstractPartial cross sections of the Y89(p,γ)Zr90 reaction have been measured to investigate the γ-ray strength function in the neutron–magic nucleus 90Zr. For five proton energies between Ep=3.65 MeV and Ep=4.70 MeV, partial cross sections for the population of seven discrete states in 90Zr have been determined by means of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy. Since these γ-ray transitions are dominantly of E1 character, the present measurement allows an access to the low-lying dipole strength in 90Zr. A γ-ray strength function based on the experimental data could be extracted, which is used to describe the total and partial cross sections of this reaction by Hauser–Feshbach calculations successfully. Significant differences with respect to previously measured strength functions from photoabsorption data point towards deviations from the Brink–Axel hypothesis relating the photo-excitation and de-excitation strength functions
Human papillomavirus vaccine initiation among 9–13-year-olds in the United States

AbstractThe quadrivalent and 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are licensed for administration among 9–26-year-old males and females, with routine vaccination recommended for 11–12-year-olds. Despite the availability of the vaccine at younger ages, few studies have explored vaccine uptake prior to age 13, and national HPV vaccination surveillance data is limited to 13–17-year-olds. Our objective was to examine rates and predictors of HPV vaccine initiation among 9–13-year-olds in the United States. A national sample of mothers of 9–13-year-olds in the United States (N=2446) completed a 2014 Web-based survey assessing socio-demographic characteristics, child's HPV vaccination history, provider communication regarding the vaccine, and other attitudes and behaviors pertaining to vaccination and healthcare utilization. The main outcome measure was child's initiation of the HPV vaccine (i.e., receipt of one or more doses). Approximately 35% of the full sample and 27.5% of the 9–10-year-olds had initiated HPV vaccination. Females were more likely than males to have initiated HPV vaccination by the age of 13 but not by younger ages. Strength of health provider recommendation regarding HPV vaccination was a particularly salient predictor of vaccine initiation. Approximately a third of children may be initiating the HPV vaccine series before or during the targeted age range for routine administration of the vaccine. Because coverage remains below national targets, further research aimed at increasing vaccination during early adolescence is needed. Improving providers' communication with parents about the HPV vaccine may be one potential mechanism for increasing vaccine coverage
Poisson Lie symmetry and D-branes in WZW model on the Heisenberg Lie group H4

AbstractWe show that the WZW model on the Heisenberg Lie group H4 has Poisson–Lie symmetry only when the dual Lie group is A2⊕2A1. In this way, we construct the mutual T-dual sigma models on Drinfel'd double generated by the Heisenberg Lie group H4 and its dual pair, A2⊕2A1, as the target space in such a way that the original model is the same as the H4 WZW model. Furthermore, we show that the dual model is conformal up to two-loop order. Finally, we discuss D-branes and the worldsheet boundary conditions defined by a gluing matrix on the H4 WZW model. Using the duality map obtained from the canonical transformation description of the Poisson–Lie T-duality transformations for the gluing matrix which locally defines the properties of the D-brane, we find two different cases of the gluing matrices for the WZW model based on the Heisenberg Lie group H4 and its dual model
Collectivity in A ∼ 70 nuclei studied via lifetime measurements in 70Br and 68,70Se

AbstractTransition strengths for decays from low-lying states in A ∼ 70 nuclei have been deduced from lifetime measurements using the recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The results confirm the collectivity previously reported for the 21+→0gs+ decay in 68Se and reveal a relative decrease in collectivity in 70Br. This trend is reproduced by shell model calculations using the GXPF1A interaction in an fp model space including the Coulomb, spin-orbit and isospin non-conserving interactions. The 31+→21+ decay in 70Br is found to have a very small B(M1) value, which is consistent with the configuration of the state being dominated by the coupling of f52 protons and neutrons. The results suggest that the g92 orbit does not play an important role at low spin in these nuclei. The B(E2) values for the decays of the (T = 1) 21+ states in 70Br and 70Se are almost identical, suggesting there is no major shape change between the two nuclei at low spin
Late Quaternary ice flow in a West Greenland fjord and cross-shelf trough system: submarine landforms from Rink Isbrae to Uummannaq shelf and slope

AbstractSea-floor landforms and acoustic-stratigraphic records allow interpretation of the past form and flow of a westward-draining ice stream of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Rink Isbrae. The Late Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial package is several hundred metres thick and down-laps onto an upper Miocene horizon. Several acoustic facies are mapped from sub-bottom profiler records of the 400 km-long Uummannaq fjord-shelf-slope system. An acoustically stratified facies covers much of the fjord and trough floor, interpreted as glacimarine sediment from rain-out of fine-grained debris in turbid meltwater. Beneath this facies is a semi-transparent deformation-till unit, which includes buried streamlined landforms. Landform distribution in the Uummannaq system is used to reconstruct past ice extent and flow directions. The presence of streamlined landforms (mega-scale glacial lineations, drumlins, crag-and-tails) shows that an ice stream advanced through the fjord system to fill Uummannaq Trough, reaching the shelf edge at the Last Glacial Maximum. Beyond the trough there is a major fan built mainly of glacigenic debris flows. Turbidity-current channels were not observed on Uummannaq Fan, contrasting with well-developed channels on Disko Fan, 300 km to the south. Ice retreat had begun by 14.8 cal. ka ago. Grounding-zone wedges (GZW) in Uummannaq Trough imply that retreat was episodic, punctuated by several still-stands. Ice retreat between GZWs may have been relatively rapid. There is little sedimentary evidence for still-stands in the inner fjords, except for a major moraine ridge marking a Little Ice Age maximum position. On the shallow banks either side of Uummannaq Trough, iceberg ploughing has reworked any morphological evidence of earlier ice-sheet activity
A singularly perturbed semilinear reaction–diffusion problem in a polygonal domain

AbstractThe semilinear reaction–diffusion equation −ε2Δu+b(x,u)=0 with Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered in a convex polygonal domain. The singular perturbation parameter ε is arbitrarily small, and the “reduced equation” b(x,u0(x))=0 may have multiple solutions. An asymptotic expansion for u is constructed that involves boundary and corner layer functions. By perturbing this asymptotic expansion, we obtain certain sub- and super-solutions and thus show the existence of a solution u that is close to the constructed asymptotic expansion. The polygonal boundary forces the study of the nonlinear autonomous elliptic equation −Δz+f(z)=0 posed in an infinite sector, and then well-posedness of the corresponding linearized problem
Unitarity constraints on charged pion photoproduction at large p⊥

AbstractAround θπ=90°, the coupling to the ρ0N channel leads to a good accounting of the charged pion exclusive photoproduction cross section in the energy range 3<Eγ<10 GeV, where experimental data exist. Starting from a Regge pole approach that successfully describes vector meson production, the singular part of the corresponding box diagrams (where the intermediate vector meson–baryon pair propagates on-shell) is evaluated without any further assumptions (unitarity). Such a treatment provides an explanation of the s−7 scaling of the cross section. Elastic rescattering of the charged pion improves the basic Regge pole model at forward and backward angles
Visual exploration of movement and event data with interactive time masks

We introduce the concept of time mask, which is a type of temporal filter suitable for selection of multiple disjoint time intervals in which some query conditions fulfil. Such a filter can be applied to time-referenced objects, such as events and trajectories, for selecting those objects or segments of trajectories that fit in one of the selected time intervals. The selected subsets of objects or segments are dynamically summarized in various ways, and the summaries are represented visually on maps and/or other displays to enable exploration. The time mask filtering can be especially helpful in analysis of disparate data (e.g., event records, positions of moving objects, and time series of measurements), which may come from different sources. To detect relationships between such data, the analyst may set query conditions on the basis of one dataset and investigate the subsets of objects and values in the other datasets that co-occurred in time with these conditions. We describe the desired features of an interactive tool for time mask filtering and present a possible implementation of such a tool. By example of analysing two real world data collections related to aviation and maritime traffic, we show the way of using time masks in combination with other types of filters and demonstrate the utility of the time mask filtering
Full phase diagram of isolated skyrmions in a ferromagnet

Magnetic skyrmions are topological quasi particles of great interest for data
storage applications because of their small size, high stability, and ease of
manipulation via electric current. Theoretically, however, skyrmions are poorly
understood since existing theories are not applicable to small skyrmion sizes
and finite material thicknesses. Here, we present a complete theoretical
framework to determine the energy of any skyrmion in any material, assuming
only a circular symmetric 360$^\circ$ domain wall profile and a homogeneous
magnetization profile in the out-of-plane direction. Our model precisely agrees
with existing experimental data and micromagnetic simulations. Surprisingly, we
can prove that there is no topological protection of skyrmions. We discover and
confirm new phases, such as bi-stability, a phenomenon unknown in magnetism so
far. The outstanding computational performance and precision of our model allow
us to obtain the complete phase diagram of static skyrmions and to tackle the
inverse problem of finding materials corresponding to given skyrmion
properties, a milestone of skyrmion engineering
Linear and weakly nonlinear magnetoconvection\ud
in a porous medium with a thermal nonequilibrium model

Two-dimensional magnetoconvection in a layer of Brinkman porous medium with local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) model is investigated by performing both linear and\ud
weakly nonlinear stability analyses. Condition for the occurrence of stationary and oscillatory convection is obtained in the case of linear stability analysis. It is observed that the presence of magnetic field is to introduce oscillatory convection once the Chandrasekhar number exceeds a threshold value if the ratio of the magnetic diffusivity to the thermal diffusivity is sufficiently\ud
small. Besides, asymptotic solutions for both small and large values of the inter-phase heat\ud
transfer coefficient are presented for the steady case. A weakly nonlinear stability analysis is\ud
performed by constructing a system of nonlinear autonomous ordinary differential equations.\ud
It is observed that subcritical steady convection is possible for certain choices of physical\ud
parameters. Heat transport is calculated in terms of Nusselt number. Increasing the value of\ud
Chandrasekhar number, inter-phase heat transfer coefficient and the inverse Darcy number\ud
is to decrease the heat transport, while increasing the ratio of the magnetic diffusivity to the\ud
thermal diffusivity and the porosity modified conductivity ratio shows an opposite kind of\ud
behavior on the heat transfe
Intermolecular interactions and energetics in the crystalline ??????? stacks and associated model dimer systems of asymmetric halogenated diketopyrrolopyrroles

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Crystal Growth & Design, ?? 2016 American Chemical Society, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01656/Four novel structurally analogous asymmetric, halogenated N-benzyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP) have been synthesized, and their crystal structures obtained. All four crystal structures exhibit ??????? stacks with very small displacements along their short molecular axes, which based upon our previous studies involving symmetrical DPPs is a characteristic of N-benzyl substitution. Intermolecular interaction energies were computed for extracted crystal ??????? dimer pairs by means of M06-2X density functional at the 6-311G(d) level to investigate the most energetically favored position of the halogen atoms in FBDPP and ClBDPP structures. In addition, effective stabilization energies arising from both benzyl and halogen substitution in these derivatives and in BrBDPP and IBDPP ??????? dimer pairs were determined in order to probe the impact of these groups on the resulting dimer stability. Effects of the intermonomer displacements along the long molecular axis, which have been shown by us previously to significantly influence wavefunction overlap and effective electronic coupling, were investigated in detail using aligned and anti-aligned model systems of ClDPP and BrDPP. The predictions of these model systems are remarkably consistent with the observed displacements in their crystal derived ??????? dimer pair equivalents, offering insight into the effective role of intermolecular contacts in crystal structures involving this molecular motif, particularly with a view toward crystal engineering in these systems. As a result, we believe that this study should be of significant interest to the growing DPP based materials community and in general to those investigating the detailed manner by which substituents can be employed in the supramolecular design of crystalline molecular architectures
Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement is presented of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV. Using the CMS detector at the LHC, the inelastic cross section is measured through two independent methods based on information from (i) forward calorimetry (for pseudorapidity 3<|η|<5), in collisions where at least one proton loses more than 5×10-6 of its longitudinal momentum, and (ii) the central tracker (|η|<2.4), in collisions containing an interaction vertex with more than one, two, or three tracks with transverse momenta pT >200 MeV/c. The measurements cover a large fraction of the inelastic cross section for particle production over about nine units of pseudorapidity and down to small transverse momenta. The results are compared with those of other experiments, and with models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions. © 2013 CERN.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Modeling the Relaxation of Polymer Glasses under Shear and Elongational
  Loads

Glassy polymers show strain hardening: at constant extensional load, their
flow first accelerates, then arrests. Recent experiments under such loading
have found this to be accompanied by a striking dip in the segmental relaxation
time. This can be explained by a minimal nonfactorable model combining
flow-induced melting of a glass with the buildup of stress carried by strained
polymers. Within this model, liquefaction of segmental motion permits strong
flow that creates polymer-borne stress, slowing the deformation enough for the
segmental (or solvent) modes to then re-vitrify. Here we present new results
for the corresponding behavior under step-stress shear loading, to which very
similar physics applies. To explain the unloading behavior in the extensional
case requires introduction of a crinkle factor describing a rapid loss of
segmental ordering. We discuss in more detail here the physics of this, which
we argue involves non-entropic contributions to the polymer stress, and which
might lead to some important differences between shear and elongation. We also
discuss some fundamental and possibly testable issues concerning the physical
meaning of entropic elasticity in vitrified polymers. Finally we present new
results for the startup of steady shear flow, addressing the possible role of
transient shear banding
Longitudinal momentum distributions of ${16,18}^C$ fragments after one-neutron removal from ${17,19}^C$

The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in {17,19}C impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141+-6 MeV/c for {16}C and 69+-3 MeV/c for {18}C. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models.The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in {17,19}C impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141+-6 MeV/c for {16}C and 69+-3 MeV/c for {18}C. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models.The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in {17,19}C impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141+-6 MeV/c for {16}C and 69+-3 MeV/c for {18}C. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models.The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in {17,19}C impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141+-6 MeV/c for {16}C and 69+-3 MeV/c for {18}C. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models.The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of 16,18 C fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in 17,19 C impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141±6 MeV/ c for 16 C and 69±3 MeV/ c for 18 C. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models
Evidence and belief in regulatory decisions - Incorporating expected utility
into decision modelling

Recent changes in the assessment and management of risks has had the effect that
greater importance has been placed on relationships between individuals and
within groups to inform decision making. In this paper, we provide the
theoretical underpinning for an expected utility approach to decision-making.
The approach, which is presented using established evidence support logic
(TESLA™), integrating the expected utilities in the forming of group decisions.
The rationale and basis are described and illustrated through a hypothetical
decision context of options for the disposal of animal carcasses that accumulate
during disease outbreaks. The approach forms the basis for exploring the
richness of risk-based decisions, and representing individual beliefs about the
sufficiency of evidence they may advance in support of hypothes