pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Child Health and the Income Gradient: Evidence from Australia

The positive relationship between household income and child health is well documented in the child health literature but the precise mechanisms via which income generates better health and whether the income gradient is increasing in child age are not well understood. This paper presents new Australian evidence on the child health-income gradient. We use data from the Longitudinal Survey of Australian (LSAC), which involved two waves of data collection for children born between March 2003 and February 2004 (B-Cohort), and between March 1999 and February 2000 (K-Cohort). This data set allows us to test the robustness of some of the findings of the influential studies of Case et al. (2002) and J.Currie and Stabile (2003), and a recent study by A.Currie et al. (2007) , using a sample of Australian children. The richness of the LSAC data set also allows us to conduct further exploration of the determinants of child health. Our results reveal an increasing income gradient by child age using similar covariates to Case et al. (2002). However, the income gradient disappears if we include a rich set of controls. Our results indicate that parental health and, in particular, the mother's health plays a significant role, reducing the income coefficient to zero. Thus, our results for Australian children are similar to those produced by Propper et al. (2007) on their British child cohort. We also find some evidence that higher incomes have a protective effect when health shocks do arise: for several chronic conditions, children from higher-income households are less likely to be reported as being in poor health than children from lower-income households who have the same chronic conditions. The latter result  is similar to some recent findings by Condliffe and Link (2008) on a sample of US children.
Macroeconomic Shocks and the Fiscal Stance within the EU: A Panel Regression Analysis

The recent global financial crisis has had a diverse effect on countries’ fiscal stance, especially throughout the EU. This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic shocks, including those to government revenues and expenditures, on EU countries’ fiscal stance, on aggregate, and within the EU’s sub-regions as defined by the length of countries’ membership in the EU and their level of indebtedness. The fiscal stance is measured by means of the government deficit, and the impact of macroeconomic shocks is examined using impulse responses from a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model estimated on annual panel data. The analyzed system of macroeconomic variables includes, government revenues and expenditures, GDP growth, CPI inflation, the interest rate, the terms of trade, and the real effective exchange rate. The paper discusses the policy implications and the challenges for the EU and its sub-regions concerning the fiscal policy setting and balanced fiscal stance.
Game complete analysis for financial markets stabilization

The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology to stabilize the financial markets using Game Theory and in particular the Complete Study of a Differentiable Game, introduced in the literature by David Carfì. Specifically, we will focus on two economic operators: a real economic subject and a financial institute (a bank, for example) with a big economic availability. For this purpose we will discuss about an interaction between the two above economic subjects: the Enterprise, our first player, and the Financial Institute, our second player. The only solution which allows both players to win something, and therefore the only one desirable, is represented by an agreement between the two subjects: the Enterprise artificially causes an inconsistency between spot and future markets, and the Financial Institute, who was unable to make arbitrages alone, because of the introduction by the normative authority of a tax on economic transactions (that we propose to stabilize the financial market, in order to protect it from speculations), takes the opportunity to win the maximum possible collective (social) sum, which later will be divided with the Enterprise by contract.
Organelles in Blastocystis that blur the distinction between mitochondria and hydrogenosomes.

addresses: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 1X5, Canada. alexandra.stechmann@dal.canotes: PMCID: PMC2428068types: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tOpen Access Article. This is a copy of an article published in Current Biology © Elsevier. Current Biology is available online at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09609822Blastocystis is a unicellular stramenopile of controversial pathogenicity in humans. Although it is a strict anaerobe, Blastocystis has mitochondrion-like organelles with cristae, a transmembrane potential and DNA. An apparent lack of several typical mitochondrial pathways has led some to suggest that these organelles might be hydrogenosomes, anaerobic organelles related to mitochondria. We generated 12,767 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Blastocystis and identified 115 clusters that encode putative mitochondrial and hydrogenosomal proteins. Among these is the canonical hydrogenosomal protein iron-only [FeFe] hydrogenase that we show localizes to the organelles. The organelles also have mitochondrial characteristics, including pathways for amino acid metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as a mitochondrial genome. Although complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) are present, we found no evidence for complexes III and IV or F1Fo ATPases. The Blastocystis organelles have metabolic properties of aerobic and anaerobic mitochondria and of hydrogenosomes. They are convergently similar to organelles recently described in the unrelated ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis. These findings blur the boundaries between mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, and mitosomes, as currently defined, underscoring the disparate selective forces that shape these organelles in eukaryotes
Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb–Pb collisions at in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from −3.5 to 5, which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0–5%) collisions we find , while for the most peripheral (80–90%) we find . This corresponds to an increase of over the results at previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations — none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies
Sovereign credit ratings, market volatility, and financial gains

The reaction of EU bond and equity market volatilities to sovereign rating announcements (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s, and Fitch) is investigated using a panel of daily stock market and\ud
sovereign bond returns. The parametric volatilities are filtered using EGARCH specifications. The estimation results show that upgrades do not have significant effects on volatility, but\ud
downgrades increase stock and bond market volatility. Contagion is present, with sovereign rating announcements creating interdependence among European financial markets with upgrades (downgrades) in one country leading to a decrease (increase) in volatility in other countries. The\ud
empirical results show also a financial gain and risk (value-at-risk) reduction for portfolio returns when taking into account sovereign credit ratings’ information for volatility modelling, with financial gains decreasing with higher risk aversion
Search for CP violation in $t\overline{t}$ production and decay in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

The results of a first search for CP violation in the production and decay of top quark-antiquark $t\overline{t}$ pairs are presented. The search is based on asymmetries in T-odd, triple-product correlation observables, where T is the time-reversal operator. The analysis uses a sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $fb^{−1}$. Events are selected having one electron or muon and at least four jets. The T-odd observables are measured using four-momentum vectors associated with $t\overline{t}$ production and decay. The measured asymmetries exhibit no evidence for CP-violating effects, consistent with the expectation from the standard model
Search for top-squark pair production in final states with one lepton,
  jets, and missing transverse momentum using 36 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
  $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for the direct pair production of top squarks, the
supersymmetric partner of the top quark, in final states with one isolated
electron or muon, several energetic jets, and missing transverse momentum are
reported. The analysis also targets spin-0 mediator models, where the mediator
decays into a pair of dark-matter particles and is produced in association with
a pair of top quarks. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions
delivered by the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass
energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$^{-1}$. A wide range of signal scenarios
with different mass-splittings between the top squark, the lightest neutralino
and possible intermediate supersymmetric particles are considered, including
cases where the W bosons or the top quarks produced in the decay chain are
off-shell. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is
observed. The null results are used to set exclusion limits at 95% confidence
level in several supersymmetry benchmark models. For pair-produced top-squarks
decaying into top quarks, top-squark masses up to 940 GeV are excluded.
Stringent exclusion limits are also derived for all other considered top-squark
decay scenarios. For the spin-0 mediator models, upper limits are set on the
visible cross-section.Comment: 95 pages in total, author list starting page 79, 28 figures, 25
  tables, published in JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2016-16
Enhancing postgraduate learning and development: a participatory action learning and action research approach through conferences

As supervisors who advocate the transformational potential of research both to generate theory and practical and emancipatory outcomes, we practice participatory action learning and action research (PALAR). This paper offers an illustrative case of how supervision practices based on action learning can foster emancipatory and lifelong learning within a university context that is becoming ever more focused on throughput of students, rather than on the quality of their learning. Conference attendance offers an excellent opportunity for postgraduate students to develop as researchers and lifelong learners, yet anxiety often prevents them from making the most of the learning experience. We explain how we encouraged the development of capabilities in students through a PALAR support programme that assisted postgraduate students prepare for a conference to make overall participation, presenting a paper and subsequent publication a true learning experience. We generated and analysed data from the written reflections of 11 postgraduate students who participated in the programme. The findings suggest that action learning, specifically PALAR, can be used to enable a rich learning experience for postgraduate students attending conferences through fostering relationships, building trust, a supportive environment, collaboration, communication and competence among them. Postgraduate students who experienced our PALAR support programme developed not only skills, knowledge, confidence and deeper appreciation of learning opportunities through conferences, but also understanding of the principles of PALAR that apply not just to the conference context but across all aspects of learning and research and life at large.Arts, Education & Law Group, Griffith Institute for Educational ResearchFull Tex
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles with transverse momentum up to 100 GeV/c in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The Fourier coefficients$\upsilon_2$ and $\upsilon_3$ characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, $1 < p_T<100GeV/c$. The analysis focuses on the $p_T > 10GeV/c$ range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. Results are presented in several bins of PbPb collision centrality, spanning the 60% most central events. The $\upsilon_2$ coefficient is measured with the scalar product and the multiparticle cumulant methods, which have different sensitivities to initial-state fluctuations. The values from both methods remain positive up to $p_T \sim 60–80GeV/c$, in all examined centrality classes. The $\upsilon_3$ coefficient, only measured with the scalar product method, tends to zero for $p_T \gtrsim 20GeV/c$. Comparisons between theoretical calculations and data provide new constraints on the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in heavy ion collisions and highlight the importance of the initial-state fluctuations
The Taipan galaxy survey : scientific goals and observing strategy.

The Taipan galaxy survey (hereafter simply ‘Taipan’) is a multi-object spectroscopic survey starting in 2017 that will cover 2π steradians over the southern sky (δ ≲ 10°, |b| ≳ 10°), and obtain optical spectra for about two million galaxies out to z < 0.4. Taipan will use the newly refurbished 1.2-m UK Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory with the new TAIPAN instrument, which includes an innovative ‘Starbugs’ positioning system capable of rapidly and simultaneously deploying up to 150 spectroscopic fibres (and up to 300 with a proposed upgrade) over the 6° diameter focal plane, and a purpose-built spectrograph operating in the range from 370 to 870 nm with resolving power R ≳ 2000. The main scientific goals of Taipan are (i) to measure the distance scale of the Universe (primarily governed by the local expansion rate, H 0) to 1% precision, and the growth rate of structure to 5%; (ii) to make the most extensive map yet constructed of the total mass distribution and motions in the local Universe, using peculiar velocities based on improved Fundamental Plane distances, which will enable sensitive tests of gravitational physics; and (iii) to deliver a legacy sample of low-redshift galaxies as a unique laboratory for studying galaxy evolution as a function of dark matter halo and stellar mass and environment. The final survey, which will be completed within 5 yrs, will consist of a complete magnitude-limited sample (i ⩽ 17) of about 1.2 × 106 galaxies supplemented by an extension to higher redshifts and fainter magnitudes (i ⩽ 18.1) of a luminous red galaxy sample of about 0.8 × 106 galaxies. Observations and data processing will be carried out remotely and in a fully automated way, using a purpose-built automated ‘virtual observer’ software and an automated data reduction pipeline. The Taipan survey is deliberately designed to maximise its legacy value by complementing and enhancing current and planned surveys of the southern sky at wavelengths from the optical to the radio; it will become the primary redshift and optical spectroscopic reference catalogue for the local extragalactic Universe in the southern sky for the coming decade
Cost-effectiveness of donepezil and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (the DOMINO-AD trial).

OBJECTIVE: Most investigations of pharmacotherapy for treating Alzheimer's disease focus on patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms, with little evidence to guide clinical decisions when symptoms become severe. We examined whether continuing donepezil, or commencing memantine, is cost-effective for community-dwelling, moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease patients. METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a 52-week, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial clinical trial. A total of 295 community-dwelling patients with moderate/severe Alzheimer's disease, already treated with donepezil, were randomised to: (i) continue donepezil; (ii) discontinue donepezil; (iii) discontinue donepezil and start memantine; or (iv) continue donepezil and start memantine. RESULTS: Continuing donepezil for 52 weeks was more cost-effective than discontinuation, considering cognition, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life. Starting memantine was more cost-effective than donepezil discontinuation. Donepezil-memantine combined is not more cost-effective than donepezil alone. CONCLUSIONS: Robust evidence is now available to inform clinical decisions and commissioning strategies so as to improve patients' lives whilst making efficient use of available resources. Clinical guidelines for treating moderate/severe Alzheimer's disease, such as those issued by NICE in England and Wales, should be revisited.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Validation of (241)Am Capture Cross Section through Integral Test Using Criticality Data of Light-water Moderated MOX Cores

The Fourth International Symposium on Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems, INES-4In the development of JENDL-4.0, the thermal and resonance capture cross section of 241Am was increased by about 8-9% to reduce the overestimation of criticality observed in the MOX-Fueled light-water-moderated cores using 241Am-rich plutonium-fuel.The revised data gives the better results of criticality prediction for those cores than that with JENDL-3.3. The Pu ageing problem was also investigated using the revised data. This problem is that the calculated k-effs for critical MOX cores with different experiment dates showed the tendency of increase with time. The change of k-eff in seven years was about 0.2%dk/k with JENDL-3.3 and it was reduced to about 0.1%dk/k with JENDL-4.0. These results show that the revision of 241Am capture cross section seemed to be successful, although there still remains the tendency of k-eff increase with time. On the other hand, the recent measurement of thermal and resonance capture cross section of 241Am indicates that the data of JENDL-3.3 should be increased by about 18%, that is about 8% greater than that of JENDL-4.0. In the present study, the possibility of further revision of 241Am capture cross section was studied through the integral test for Pu ageing problem by reflecting the recent experimental data. Three criticality data of a light-water moderated MOX core with different experiment date (7 years interval at maximum) have been analyzed with JENDL-3.3 and 4.0 libraries. In addition, the calculations with the number density of 241Am multiplied by 1.18 for JENDL-3.3 and by 1.08 for JENDL-4.0 were also conducted to simulate the increase of 241Am capture cross section suggested by the recent measurement. The results show that the increase tendency of k-eff as a function of time observed in the calculations with JENDL-4.0 is not found in those with modified 241Am number density. This means that the improvement of 241Am capture cross section will be achieved by employing the recent experimental data
Molecular gas content in obscured AGN at z > 1.

Aims. The standard active galactic nuclei (AGN)-galaxy co-evolutionary scenario predicts a phase of deeply “buried” supermassive black hole growth coexisting with a starburst (SB) before feedback phenomena deplete the cold molecular gas reservoir of the galaxy and an optically luminous quasar (QSO) is revealed (called the SB-QSO evolutionary sequence). The aim of this work is to measure the cold gas reservoir of three highly obscured QSOs to test if their gas fraction is similar to that of submillimetre galaxies (SMGs), as expected by some models, and to place these measurements in the context of the SB-QSO framework.\ud
\ud
Methods. We target CO(1-0) transition in BzK4892, a Compton thick (CT) QSO at z = 2.6, CO(1-0) in BzK8608 and CO(2-1) in CDF153, two highly obscured (NH ≈ 6 × 1023 cm−2) QSOs at z = 2.5 and z = 1.5, respectively. For these targets, we place 3σ upper limits on the CO lines, with L′CO < (1.5 ÷ 2.8)×1010 K km s−1 pc2. We also compare the molecular gas conditions of our targets with those of other systems at z > 1, considering normal star-forming galaxies and SMGs, and unobscured and obscured AGN from the literature. For the AGN samples, we provide an updated and almost complete collection of targets with CO follow-up at z > 1.\ud
\ud
Results. BzK4892 displays a high star formation efficiency (SFE = LIR/L′CO > 410 L⊙/(K km s−1 pc2 )) and a gas fraction fgas = Mgas/(Mstar + Mgas)< 10%. Less stringent constraints are derived for the other two targets (fgas < 0.5 and SFE > 10 L⊙/(K km s−1 pc2 )). From the comparison with the literature data we found that, on average, i) obscured AGN at z > 1 are associated with higher SFE and lower fgas with respect to normal star-forming galaxies and SMGs; ii) mildly and highly obscured active galaxies have comparable gas fractions; iii) the SFE of CT and obscured AGN are similar to those of unobscured AGN.\ud
\ud
Conclusions. Within the SB-QSO framework, these findings could be consistent with a scenario where feedback can impact the host galaxy already from the early phases of the SB-QSO evolutionary sequence
Exospheric models for the X-ray emission from single Wolf-Rayet stars

Copyright © 2000 Royal Astronomical SocietyWe review existing ROSAT detections of single Galactic Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and develop wind models to interpret the X-ray emission. The ROSAT data, consisting of bandpass detections from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) and some pointed observations, exhibit no correlations of the WR X-ray luminosity (LX) with any star or wind parameters of interest (e.g. bolometric luminosity, mass-loss rate or wind kinetic energy), although the dispersion in the measurements is quite large. The lack of correlation between X-ray luminosity and wind parameters among the WR stars is unlike that of their progenitors, the O stars, which show trends with such parameters. In this paper we seek to (i) test by how much the X-ray properties of the WR stars differ from the O stars and (ii) place limits on the temperature TX and filling factor fX of the X-ray-emitting gas in the WR winds. Adopting empirically derived relationships for TX and fX from O-star winds, the predicted X-ray emission from WR stars is much smaller than observed with ROSAT. Abandoning the TX relation from O stars, we maximize the cooling from a single-temperature hot gas to derive lower limits for the filling factors in WR winds. Although these filling factors are consistently found to be an order of magnitude greater than those for O stars, we find that the data are consistent (albeit the data are noisy) with a trend of in WR stars, as is also the case for O stars