pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Association of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers with genetic variants showing differential allelic expression: identification of a modifier of breast cancer risk at locus 11q22.3

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                  169901.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: Cis-acting regulatory SNPs resulting in differential allelic expression (DAE) may, in part, explain the underlying phenotypic variation associated with many complex diseases. To investigate whether common variants associated with DAE were involved in breast cancer susceptibility among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, a list of 175 genes was developed based of their involvement in cancer-related pathways. METHODS: Using data from a genome-wide map of SNPs associated with allelic expression, we assessed the association of ~320 SNPs located in the vicinity of these genes with breast and ovarian cancer risks in 15,252 BRCA1 and 8211 BRCA2 mutation carriers ascertained from 54 studies participating in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. RESULTS: We identified a region on 11q22.3 that is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA1 mutation carriers (most significant SNP rs228595 p = 7 x 10-6). This association was absent in BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.57). The 11q22.3 region notably encompasses genes such as ACAT1, NPAT, and ATM. Expression quantitative trait loci associations were observed in both normal breast and tumors across this region, namely for ACAT1, ATM, and other genes. In silico analysis revealed some overlap between top risk-associated SNPs and relevant biological features in mammary cell data, which suggests potential functional significance. CONCLUSION: We identified 11q22.3 as a new modifier locus in BRCA1 carriers. Replication in larger studies using estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative (i.e., ER-, progesterone receptor-, and HER2-negative) cases could therefore be helpful to confirm the association of this locus with breast cancer risk
Quasars as standard candles I: The physical relation between disc and
  coronal emission

A tight non-linear relation exists between the X-ray and UV emission in
quasars (i.e. $L_{\rm X}\propto L_{\rm UV}^{\gamma}$), with a dispersion of
$\sim$0.2~dex over $\sim$3~orders of magnitude in luminosity. Here we propose a
modified version of this relation which involves the broad emission lines'
full-width at half maximum, $L_{\rm X}\propto L_{\rm
UV}^{\hat\gamma}\upsilon_{\rm fwhm}^{\hat\beta}$. We interpret this new
relation through a simple, {\it ad-hoc} model of accretion disc corona, derived
from previous works where it is assumed that reconnection and magnetic loops
above the accretion disc can account for the production of the primary X-ray
radiation. We find that the monochromatic optical-UV (2500 \AA) and X-ray (2
keV) luminosities depend on the black hole mass and accretion rate as $L_{\rm
UV}\propto M_{\rm BH}^{4/3} (\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\rm Edd})^{2/3}$ and $L_{\rm
X}\propto M_{\rm BH}^{19/21} (\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\rm Edd})^{5/21}$, respectively.
Assuming a broad line region size function of the disc luminosity $R_{\rm
blr}\propto L_{\rm disc}^{0.5}$ we finally have that $L_{\rm X}\propto L_{\rm
UV}^{4/7} \upsilon_{\rm fwhm}^{4/7}$. Such relation is remarkably consistent
with the slopes and the normalization obtained from a fit of a sample of 545
optically selected quasars from SDSS DR7 cross matched with the latest
XMM-Newton catalogue 3XMM-DR6. The homogeneous sample used here has a
dispersion of 0.21 dex, which is much lower than previous works in the
literature and suggests a tight physical relation between the accretion disc
and the X-ray emitting corona. The proposed new relation does not evolve with
time, and thus it can be employed as a cosmological indicator to robustly
estimate cosmological parameters.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, revised version with minor changes in the tex
Transitioning together: :
                    A narrative analysis of the support accessed by partners of trans people

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Sexual and Relationship Therapy, on March 2017, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14681994.2017.1296568.Historically trans people have often wrongly been advised that the gender role transition process would result in the breakdown of their relationships, and couples have often been provided with little support through this process. This paper presents an in-depth narrative analysis of the accounts of six cisgender women who have been partnered with trans individuals. It focuses on the support that non-trans partners accessed while their partner progressed through their gender transition. Support was deemed important by all participants in relation to their aim of remaining together with their partners. In terms of whom they accessed support from, participants spoke about interactions with other people in similar situations, with professional therapists, with the Gender Identity Clinics (GICs), and with their partners. In regard to therapy, some reported that their partner's transition was a topic they did not need to discuss. Many reported they had to take an ???educator??? role in therapy, suggesting that more training for therapists is required. Those who attended GICs with their partner were ambivalent about whether they would have utilised support there if it had been available there, stating that locally situated support was preferable. The paper draws out the clinical implications in relation to these areas
The Möbius function of separable and decomposable permutations

We give a recursive formula for the Moebius function of an interval $[\sigma,\pi]$ in the poset of permutations ordered by pattern containment in the case where $\pi$ is a decomposable permutation, that is, consists of two blocks where the first one contains all the letters 1, 2, ..., k for some k. This leads to many special cases of more explicit formulas. It also gives rise to a computationally efficient formula for the Moebius function in the case where $\sigma$ and $\pi$ are separable permutations. A permutation is separable if it can be generated from the permutation 1 by successive sums and skew sums or, equivalently, if it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142. A consequence of the formula is that the Moebius function of such an interval $[\sigma,\pi]$ is bounded by the number of occurrences of $\sigma$ as a pattern in $\pi$. We also show that for any separable permutation $\pi$ the Moebius function of $(1,\pi)$ is either 0, 1 or -1
Integrating out geometry : holographic Wilsonian RG and the membrane paradigm.

We formulate a holographic Wilsonian renormalization group flow for strongly coupled systems with a gravity dual, motivated by the need to extract efficiently low energy behavior of such systems. Starting with field theories defined on a cut-off surface in a bulk spacetime, we propose that integrating out high energy modes in the field theory should correspond to integrating out a part of the bulk geometry. We describe how to carry out this procedure in practice in the classical gravity approximation using examples of scalar and vector fields. By integrating out bulk degrees of freedom all the way to a black hole horizon, this formulation defines a refined version of the black hole membrane paradigm. Furthermore, it also provides a derivation of the semi-holographic description of low energy physics
Required hours of practice for learner drivers : a comparison between two Australian jurisdictions

Problem: This study considers whether requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours while on a learner licence affects the amount of hours of supervised practice that they undertake. It compares the amount of practice that learners in Queensland and New South Wales report undertaking. At the time the study was conducted, learner drivers in New South Wales were required to complete 50 hours of supervised practice while those from Queensland were not. Method: Participants were approached outside driver licensing centres after they had just completed their practical driving test to obtain their provisional (intermediate) licence. Those agreeing to participate were interviewed over the phone later and asked a range of questions to obtain information including socio-demographic details and amount of supervised practice completed. Results: There was a significant difference in the amount of practice that learners reported undertaking. Participants from New South Wales reported completing a significantly greater amount of practice (M = 73.3 hours, sd = 29.12 hours) on their learner licence than those from Queensland (M = 64.1 hours, sd = 51.05 hours). However, the distribution of hours of practice among the Queensland participants was bimodal in nature. Participants from Queensland reported either completing much less or much more practice than the New South Wales average. Summary: While it appears that the requirement that learner drivers complete a set number of hours may increase the average amount of hours of practice obtained, it may also serve to discourage drivers from obtaining additional practice, over and above the required hours. Impact on Industry: The results of this study suggest that the implications of requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours of supervised practice are complex. In some cases, policy makers may inadvertently limit the amount of hours learners obtain to the mandated amount rather than encouraging them to obtain as much practice as possible
Nascent entrepreneurship and the developing individual : early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence and venture creation success during the career

What predicts a person's venture creation success over the course of the career, such as making progress in the venture creation process and multiple successful venture creations? Applying a life span approach of human development, this study examined the effect of early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence, which was gathered retrospectively by means of the Life History Calendar method. Human and social capitals during the founding process were investigated as mediators between adolescent competence and performance. Findings were derived from regression analyses on the basis of prospective and retrospective data from two independent samples (N = 88 nascent founders; N = 148 founders). We found that early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence had a positive effect on making progress in the venture creation process. Nascent founders' current human and social capital also had a direct effect, but it did not mediate the effect of early competences. Finally, the data revealed that early entrepreneurial competence in adolescence positively predicted habitual entrepreneurship (multiple successful venture creations) exhibited over a longer period of the individual career (specifically, 18 years). In line with the results from prospective longitudinal studies on early precursors of entrepreneurship, our findings underscore the long neglected importance of adolescent development in the explanation of entrepreneurial performance during the subsequent working life
Search for large extra dimensions in dimuon and dielectron events in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for large, extra spatial dimensions in events with either two isolated muons or two isolated electrons. The data are from proton–proton interactions at View the MathML source collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The size of the data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 2 fb−1. The observed dimuon and dielectron mass spectra are found to be consistent with standard-model expectations. Depending on the number of extra dimensions, the 95% confidence level limits from the combined μμ and ee channels range from Ms>2.4 TeV to Ms>3.8 TeV, where Ms characterizes the scale for the onset of quantum gravity
Employment Effects of Ecological Innovations: An Empirical Analysis

Ecological innovations have increasingly been seen as a major response to environmental problems. An important question for both economic research and public policy is whether these innovations also increase employment or not (the question of a double dividend). The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the factors affecting direct employment changes due to eco-innovations at the firm level. This analysis has been conducted in the framework of estimating a labor demand function including eco-innovations, the firm’s output changes (changes in sales), its labor costs changes and a set of control variables (e.g. firm-specific variables, industry and country dummies). Using data from around 1600 firms in five different countries (Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Holland and Switzerland) we have obtained the following empirical results: firms investing in relatively important (from the firm’s perspective) labor cost saving product innovations that have not been subsidized by the state and pursuing a market driven business strategy that leads to increases of their sales in industries in which they have a market power also increase the likelihood of their achieving a positive long term direct employment effect. Firms that deviate - on average - from this ideal portrait do not have positive direct employment effects. (It should, however, be emphasized that neither the indirect microeconomic nor the overall macroeconomic effects of eco-innovations are the subject of this study.)
How do neighbors influence investment in social capital? : Homeownership and length of residence

This paper uses individual data from Japan to explore how the circumstances of where a person resides is related to the degree of their investment in social capital. Controlling for unobserved area-specific fixed effects and various individual characteristics, I found; (1) Not only that homeownership and length of residence are positively related to  investment in social capital, but also that rates of homeowners and long-time residents in a locality increase in an individual’s investments in social capital. (2) The effects of local neighborhood homeownership and local length of residence are distinctly larger than that of an individual’s.
An empirical comparison of alternate regime-switching models for electricity spot prices

One of the most profound features of electricity spot prices are the price spikes. Markov regime-switching (MRS)
models seem to be a natural candidate for modeling this spiky behavior. However, in the studies published so far, the goodness-of-fit of the proposed models has not been a major focus. While most of the models were elegant, their fit to empirical data has either been not examined thoroughly or the signs of a bad fit ignored. With this paper we want to fill the gap. We calibrate and test a range of MRS models in an attempt to find parsimonious specifications that not only address the main characteristics of electricity prices but are statistically sound as well. We find that the best structure is that of an independent spike 3-regime model with heteroscedastic diffusion-type base regime dynamics and shifted spike regime distributions. Not only does it allow for consecutive spikes or price drops, which is consistent
with market observations, but also exhibits the ‘inverse leverage effect’ reported in the literature for spot electricity prices.
Assessing the Dynamics of Terms of Trade in a Model of Cumulative Causation and Structural Change

Following a structural economic dynamic approach, this paper examines the potential impact of cumulative causation on the dynamics of terms of trade between North-South countries. Cumulative causation although being responsible for generating technical progress may cause leakage of some productivity gains from the exporting sectors to abroad. In this vein possibilities exist that the laggard countries benefit from this effect but the final outcome depends on structural economic dynamics of both developed and underdeveloped nations.  The overall dynamics of the terms of trade is then shown to be strongly affected both by demand and supply considerations.
SPH method applied to high speed cutting modelling

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new approach of high speed cutting numerical modelling. A Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)- based model is arried out using the Ls-Dyna software. SPH is a meshless method, thus large material distortions that occur in the cutting problem are easily managed and SPH contact control permits a "natural" workpiece/chip separation. The developed approach is compared to machining dedicated code results and experimental data. The SPH cutting model has proved is ability to account for continuous to shear localized chip formation and also correctly estimates the cutting forces, as illustrated in some orthogonal cutting examples. Thus, comparable results to machining dedicated codes are obtained without introducing any adjusting numerical parameters (friction coefficient, fracture control parameter)
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species.

This is the final version of the article. Available from the Ecological Society of America via the DOI in this record.Population-level estimates of species' distributions can reveal fundamental ecological processes and facilitate conservation. However, these may be difficult to obtain for mobile species, especially colonial central-place foragers (CCPFs; e.g., bats, corvids, social insects), because it is often impractical to determine the provenance of individuals observed beyond breeding sites. Moreover, some CCPFs, especially in the marine realm (e.g., pinnipeds, turtles, and seabirds) are difficult to observe because they range tens to ten thousands of kilometers from their colonies. It is hypothesized that the distribution of CCPFs depends largely on habitat availability and intraspecific competition. Modeling these effects may therefore allow distributions to be estimated from samples of individual spatial usage. Such data can be obtained for an increasing number of species using tracking technology. However, techniques for estimating population-level distributions using the telemetry data are poorly developed. This is of concern because many marine CCPFs, such as seabirds, are threatened by anthropogenic activities. Here, we aim to estimate the distribution at sea of four seabird species, foraging from approximately 5,500 breeding sites in Britain and Ireland. To do so, we GPS-tracked a sample of 230 European Shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis, 464 Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, 178 Common Murres Uria aalge, and 281 Razorbills Alca torda from 13, 20, 12, and 14 colonies, respectively. Using Poisson point process habitat use models, we show that distribution at sea is dependent on (1) density-dependent competition among sympatric conspecifics (all species) and parapatric conspecifics (Kittiwakes and Murres); (2) habitat accessibility and coastal geometry, such that birds travel further from colonies with limited access to the sea; and (3) regional habitat availability. Using these models, we predict space use by birds from unobserved colonies and thereby map the distribution at sea of each species at both the colony and regional level. Space use by all four species' British breeding populations is concentrated in the coastal waters of Scotland, highlighting the need for robust conservation measures in this area. The techniques we present are applicable to any CCPF.Funding was provided by the European Regional Development Fund through its Atlantic Area Programme, Marine Scotland, Scottish Natural Heritage, Natural England, the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M017990/1), the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Natural Resources Wales, Environment Wales, Argyll Bird Club, Fair Isle Bird Observatory Trust, and the RSPB
Reaction mechanisms in the $^6$Li+$^{59}$Co system

The reactions induced by the weakly bound 6Li projectile interacting with the inter- mediate mass target 59Co were investigated. Proton, deuteron and -particle singles measurements were performed at the near barrier energies Elab = 17.4, 21.5, 25.5 and 29.6 MeV. The main contributions of the different competing mechanisms are discussed. A statistical model analysis, Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels calculations and two-body kinematics were used as tools to provide information to disentangle the main components of these mechanism
Measurement of the exclusive γγ→μ+μ−process in proton–proton collisions at √s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of exclusive γγ→μ+μ−events in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV is measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2fb−1. The measurement is performed for a dimuon invariant mass of 12GeV<mμ+μ−<70GeV. The integrated cross-section is determined within a fiducial acceptance region of the ATLAS detector and differential cross-sections are measured as a function of the dimuon invariant mass. The results are compared to theoretical predictions both with and without corrections for absorptive effects
Energy Dependence of Acceptance-Corrected Dielectron Excess Mass Spectrum at Mid-Rapidity in Au + Au Collisions at  √sNN = 19.6 and 200 GeV

The acceptance-corrected dielectron excess mass spectra, where the known hadronic sources have been subtracted from the inclusive dielectron mass spectra, are reported for the first time at mid-rapidity |yee|<1 in minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at √sNN=19.6 and 200 GeV. The excess mass spectra are consistently described by a model calculation with a broadened ρ spectral function for Mee<1.1 GeV/c2. The integrated dielectron excess yield at √sNN=19.6 GeV for 0.4<Mee<0.75 GeV/c2, normalized to the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity, has a value similar to that in In+In collisions at √sNN=17.3 GeV. For √sNN=200 GeV, the normalized excess yield in central collisions is higher than that at √sNN=17.3 GeV and increases from peripheral to central collisions. These measurements indicate that the lifetime of the hot, dense medium created in central Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV is longer than those in peripheral collisions and at lower energies
Oxide particle coarsening at temperature over 1473  K in 9CrODS steel

The oxide particle coarsening was evaluated at temperature over 1473 K by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After annealing of the 9CrODS extruded bar, the size of oxide particles increases while the number density decreases, indicating that the oxide particles coarsen through Ostwald ripening. The growth rate of the oxide particles follows the fifth-power law, which is in the region of dislocation ‘pipe’ diffusion. The activation energy for pipe diffusion, however, was remarkably high, derived as 891 KJ/mole. The stability of oxide particles and the difference of the diffusion velocity in between bcc-δ phase and fcc-γ phase should be considered as the contributions to the activation energy