pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Naturality vs perturbativity, B s physics, and LHC data in triplet extension of MSSM

In this study we investigate the phenomenological viability of the Y =0 Triplet Extended Supersymmetric Standard Model (TESSM) by comparing its predictions with the current Higgs data from ATLAS, CMS, and Tevatron, as well as the measured value of the B s → X s γ branching ratio. We scan numerically the parameter space for data points generating the measured particle mass spectrum and also satisfying current direct search constraints on new particles. We require all the couplings to be perturbative up to the scale Λ UV = 10 4 TeV, by running them with newly calculated two loop beta functions, and find that TESSM retains perturbativity as long as λ, the triplet coupling to the two Higgs doublets, is smaller than 1.34 in absolute value. For |λ| > 0 . 8 we show that the fine-tuning associated to each viable data point can be greatly reduced as compared to values attainable in MSSM. We also find that for perturbatively viable data points it is possible to obtain either enhancement or suppression in h → γγ decay rate depending mostly on the relative sign between M 2 and μ D . Finally, we perform a fit by taking into account 58 Higgs physics observables along with ℬ r B s → X s γ $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}r\left({B}_s\to {X}_s\gamma \right) $$ , for which we calculate the NLO prediction within TESSM. We find that, although naturality prefers a large |λ|, the experimental data disfavors it compared to the small |λ| region, because of the low energy observable ℬ r B s → X s γ $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}r\left({B}_s\to {X}_s\gamma \right) $$ . We notice, though, that this situation might change with the second run of LHC at 14 TeV, in case the ATLAS or CMS results confirm, with smaller uncertainty, a large enhancement in the Higgs decay channel to diphoton, given that this scenario strongly favours a large value of |λ|
A new flavour imprint of SU(5) -like grand unification and its LHC signatures

We point out that the hypothesis of an SU(5) -like supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory (GUT) implies a generic relation within the flavour structure of up-type squarks. Contrary to other well-known SU(5) relations between the down-quark and charged lepton sectors, this relation remains exact in the presence of any corrections and extra operators. Moreover it remains valid to a good precision at the electroweak scale, and opens thus new possibilities for testing SU(5) -like GUTs. We derive the low-energy effective theory of observable light up-type squarks, that also constitutes a useful tool for squark phenomenology. We use this effective theory to determine how to test SU(5) relations at the LHC. Focusing on scenarios with light stops, compatible with Natural SUSY, it appears that simple tests involving ratios of event rates are sufficient to test the hypothesis of an SU(5) -like GUT theory. The techniques of charm-tagging and top-polarimetry are a crucial ingredient of these tests
Atypical cadherins Dachsous and Fat control dynamics of noncentrosomal microtubules in planar cell polarity.

How global organ asymmetry and individual cell polarity are connected to each other is a central question in studying planar cell polarity (PCP). In the Drosophila wing, which develops PCP along its proximal-distal (P-D) axis, we previously proposed that the core PCP mediator Frizzled redistributes distally in a microtubule (MT)-dependent manner. Here, we performed organ-wide analysis of MT dynamics by introducing quantitative in vivo imaging. We observed MTs aligning along the P-D axis at the onset of redistribution and a small but significant excess of + ends-distal MTs in the proximal region of the wing. This characteristic alignment and asymmetry of MT growth was controlled by atypical cadherins Dachsous (Ds) and Fat (Ft). Furthermore, the action of Ft was mediated in part by PAR-1. All these data support the idea that the active reorientation of MT growth adjusts cell polarity along the organ axis
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.

This article is related to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic-like state by transfer of nuclear contents into oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem (ES) cells. Little is known about factors that induce this reprogramming. Here, we demonstrate induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic or adult fibroblasts by introducing four factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4, under ES cell culture conditions. Unexpectedly, Nanog was dispensable. These cells, which we designated iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells, exhibit the morphology and growth properties of ES cells and express ES cell marker genes. Subcutaneous transplantation of iPS cells into nude mice resulted in tumors containing a variety of tissues from all three germ layers. Following injection into blastocysts, iPS cells contributed to mouse embryonic development. These data demonstrate that pluripotent stem cells can be directly generated from fibroblast cultures by the addition of only a few defined factors
Morphology and morphometry of the human embryonic brain: A three-dimensional analysis.

The three-dimensional dynamics and morphology of the human embryonic brain have not been previously analyzed using modern imaging techniques. The morphogenesis of the cerebral vesicles and ventricles was analyzed using images derived from human embryo specimens from the Kyoto Collection, which were acquired with a magnetic resonance microscope equipped with a 2.35-T superconducting magnet. A total of 101 embryos between Carnegie stages (CS) 13 and 23, without apparent morphological damage or torsion in the brain ventricles and axes, were studied. To estimate the uneven development of the cerebral vesicles, the volumes of the whole embryo and brain, prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon with their respective ventricles were measured using image analyzing Amira™ software. The brain volume, excluding the ventricles (brain tissue), was 1.15±0.43mm(3) (mean±SD) at CS13 and increased exponentially to 189.10±36.91mm(3) at CS23, a 164.4-fold increase, which is consistent with the observed morphological changes. The mean volume of the prosencephalon was 0.26±0.15mm(3) at CS13. The volume increased exponentially until CS23, when it reached 110.99±27.58mm(3). The mean volumes of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were 0.20±0.07mm(3) and 0.69±0.23mm(3) at CS13, respectively; the volumes reached 21.86±3.30mm(3) and 56.45±7.64mm(3) at CS23, respectively. The ratio of the cerebellum to the rhombencephalon was approximately 7.2% at CS20, and increased to 12.8% at CS23. The ratio of the volume of the cerebral vesicles to that of the whole embryo remained nearly constant between CS15 and CS23 (11.6-15.5%). The non-uniform thickness of the brain tissue during development, which may indicate the differentiation of the brain, was visualized with surface color mapping by thickness. At CS23, the basal regions of the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon were thicker than the corresponding dorsal regions. The brain was further studied by the serial digital subtraction of layers of tissue from both the external and internal surfaces to visualize the core region (COR) of the thickening brain tissue. The COR, associated with the development of nuclei, became apparent after CS16; this was particularly visible in the prosencephalon. The anatomical positions of the COR were mostly consistent with the formation of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pyramidal tract. This was confirmed through comparisons with serial histological sections of the human embryonic brain. The approach used in this study may be suitable as a convenient alternative method for estimating the development and differentiation of the neural ganglia and tracts. These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain and cerebral ventricle development
Millimeter wave spectroscopic measurements of stratospheric and mesospheric constituents over the Italian Alps: stratospheric ozone

Measurements of rotational lines emitted by middle atmospheric trace gases have been carried out from the Alpine
station of Testa Grigia (45.9°N, 7.7°E, elev. 3500 m) by means of a Ground-Based Millimeter-wave Spectrometer
(GBMS). Observations of species such as O3, HNO3, CO, N2O, HCN, and HDO took place during 4 winter periods,
from February 2004 to March 2007, for a total of 116 days of measurements grouped in about 18 field campaigns.
By studying the pressure-broadened shape of emission lines the vertical distribution of the observed constituents
is retrieved within an altitude range of ∼17-75 km, constrained by the 600 MHz pass band and the 65 kHz
spectral resolution of the back-end spectrometer. This work discusses the behavior of stratospheric O3 during the
entire period of operation at Testa Grigia. Mid-latitude O3 columnar content as estimated using GBMS measurements
can vary by large amounts over a period of very few days, with the largest variations observed in December
2005, February 2006, and March 2006, confirming that the northern winter of 2005-2006 was characterized by a
particularly intense planetary wave activity. The largest rapid variation from maximum to minimum O3 column values
over Testa Grigia took place in December 2006 and reached a relative value of 72% with respect to the average
column content for that period. During most GBMS observation times much of the variability is concentrated
in the column below 20 km, with tropospheric weather systems and advection of tropical tropospheric air into the
lower stratosphere over Testa Grigia having a large impact on the observed variations in column contents. Nonetheless,
a wide variability is also found in middle stratospheric GBMS O3 measurements, as expected for mid-latitude
ozone. We find that O3 mixing ratios at ∼32 km are very well correlated with the solar illumination experienced by
air masses over the previous ∼15 days, showing that already at 32 km altitude ozone photochemistry dominates over
transport processes. The correlation of lower stratospheric ozone concentrations with potential vorticity as an indicator
of transport is instead not as clear-cut, due to very complex mixing processes that characterize stratospheric
air at mid-latitudes. Correlations of O3 over Testa Grigia with stratospheric tracers such as N2O and HCN, also observed
by means of the GBMS, are planned for the future, in order to better characterize lower stratospheric dynamics
and therefore lower stratospheric ozone concentrations at mid-latitudes
Assessing hippocampal functional reserve in temporal lobe epilepsy:A multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data

Assessing the functional reserve of key memory structures in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) of pre-surgical patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains a challenge. Conventional functional MRI (fMRI) memory paradigms have yet to fully convince of their ability to confidently assess the risk of a post-surgical amnesia. An alternative fMRI analysis method, multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), focuses on the patterns of activity across voxels in specific brain regions that are associated with individual memory traces. This method makes it possible to investigate whether the hippocampus and related structures contralateral to any proposed surgery are capable of laying down and representing specific memories. Here we used MVPA-fMRI to assess the functional integrity of the hippocampi and MTL in patients with long-standing medically refractory TLE associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Patients were exposed to movie clips of everyday events prior to scanning, which they subsequently recalled during high-resolution fMRI. MTL structures were delineated and pattern classifiers were trained to learn the patterns of brain activity across voxels associated with each memory. Predictable patterns of activity across voxels associated with specific memories could be detected in MTL structures, including the hippocampus, on the side contralateral to the HS, indicating their functional viability. By contrast, no discernible memory representations were apparent in the sclerotic hippocampus, but adjacent MTL regions contained detectable information about the memories. These findings suggest that MVPA in fMRI memory studies of TLE can indicate hippocampal functional reserve and may be useful to predict the effects of hippocampal resection in individual patients
Rapid early Holocene sea-level rise in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica.

Prydz Bay is one of the largest embayments on the East Antarctic coast and it is the discharge point for approximately 16 % of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Geological constraints on the regional ice sheet history include evidence of past relative sea-level change at three sites; the Vestfold Hills, Rauer Islands and Larsemann Hills. In this paper we compile updated regional relative sea-level data from these sites. We compare these with a suite of relative sea-level predictions derived from glacial isostatic adjustment models and discuss the significance of departures between the models and the field evidence. The compiled geological data extend the relative sea-level curve for this region to 11258 cal yr BP and include new constraints based on abandoned penguin colonies, new isolation basin data in the Vestfold Hills, validation of a submarine relative sea-level constraint in the Rauer Islands and recalibrated radiocarbon ages at all sites dating from 12728 cal yr BP. The field data show rapid increases in rates of relative sea level rise of 12-48 mm/yr between 10473 (or 9678) and 9411 cal yr BP in the Vestfold Hills and of 8.8 mm/yr between 8882 and 8563 cal yr BP in the Larsemann Hills. The relative sea-level high stands of ≥ 8.8 m from 9411 to after 7564 cal yr BP (Vestfold Hills) and ≥ 8 m at 8563 and 7066 cal yr BP (Larsemann Hills) are over-predicted by some of the glacial isostatic adjustment models considered here, suggesting that assumptions relating to the magnitude and timing of regional ice loss since the Last Glacial Maximum may need revising. In the Vestfold Hills and Rauer Islands the final deglacial sea-level rise was almost exactly cancelled out by local rebound between 9411-5967 cal yr BP and this was followed by a near exponential decay in relative sea-level. In the Larsemann Hills the sea-level data suggest that the rate of ice retreat in this region was not uniform throughout the Holocene. Swath bathymetric surveys of the benthic seafloor topography show the presence of multiple offshore basins. These are a priority for further study as those free of grounded ice should provide precise constraints on relative sea-level rise and ice sheet history during the most rapid phases of the last major deglaciation
LHC probes the hidden sector.

In this note we establish LHC limits on a variety of benchmark models for hidden sector physics using 2011 and 2012 data. First, we consider a “hidden’’ U(1) gauge boson under which all Standard Model particles are uncharged at tree-level and which interacts with the visible sector either via kinetic mixing or higher dimensional operators. Second, we constrain scalar and pseudo-scalar particles interacting with the Standard Model via dimension five operators and Yukawa interactions, in particular including so-called axion-like particles. In both cases we consider several different final states, including photons, electrons, muons and taus, establishing new constraints for a range of GeV to TeV scale masses. Finally, we also comment on particles with electric charges smaller than e that arise from hidden sector matter
Students' preferences in undergraduate mathematics assessment

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Studies in Higher Education on 28th March 2014, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.858683Existing research into students’ preferences for assessment methods has been developed from a restricted sample: in particular, the voice of students in the ‘hard-pure sciences’ has rarely been heard. We conducted a mixed method study to explore mathematics students’ preferences of assessment methods. In contrast to the message from the general assessment literature, we found that mathematics students differentially prefer traditional assessment methods such as closed book examination; they perceive them to be fairer than innovative methods and they perceive traditional methods to be the best discriminators of mathematical ability. We also found that although students prefer to be assessed by traditional methods they are also concerned by the mix of methods they\ud
encounter during their degree, suggesting that more account needs to be taken about the students’ views of this mix. We discuss the impact of the results on the way general findings about assessment preference should be interpreted
Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits

This article reviews efforts to build a new type of quantum device, which
combines an ensemble of electronic spins with long coherence times, and a
small-scale superconducting quantum processor. The goal is to store over long
times arbitrary qubit states in orthogonal collective modes of the
spin-ensemble, and to retrieve them on-demand. We first present the protocol
devised for such a multi-mode quantum memory. We then describe a series of
experimental results using NV center spins in diamond, which demonstrate its
main building blocks: the transfer of arbitrary quantum states from a qubit
into the spin ensemble, and the multi-mode retrieval of classical microwave
pulses down to the single-photon level with a Hahn-echo like sequence. A reset
of the spin memory is implemented in-between two successive sequences using
optical repumping of the spins.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figure
Exact Cosmological Solutions of $f(R)$ Theories via Hojman Symmetry

Nowadays, $f(R)$ theory has been one of the leading modified gravity theories
to explain the current accelerated expansion of the universe, without invoking
dark energy. It is of interest to find the exact cosmological solutions of
$f(R)$ theories. Besides other methods, symmetry has been proved as a powerful
tool to find exact solutions. On the other hand, symmetry might hint the deep
physical structure of a theory, and hence considering symmetry is also well
motivated. As is well known, Noether symmetry has been extensively used in
physics. Recently, the so-called Hojman symmetry was also considered in the
literature. Hojman symmetry directly deals with the equations of motion, rather
than Lagrangian or Hamiltonian, unlike Noether symmetry. In this work, we
consider Hojman symmetry in $f(R)$ theories in both the metric and Palatini
formalisms, and find the corresponding exact cosmological solutions of $f(R)$
theories via Hojman symmetry. There exist some new solutions significantly
different from the ones obtained by using Noether symmetry in $f(R)$ theories.
To our knowledge, they also have not been found previously in the literature.
This work confirms that Hojman symmetry can bring new features to cosmology and
gravity theories.Comment: 16 pages, revtex4; v2: discussions added, Nucl. Phys. B in press; v3:
  published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1505.0754
Dominant mixed QCD-electroweak $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s\alpha)$ corrections
  to Drell-Yan processes in the resonance region

A precise theoretical description of W- and Z-boson production in the
resonance region is essential for the correct interpretation of high-precision
measurements of the W-boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle.
Currently, the largest unknown fixed-order contribution is given by the mixed
QCD-electroweak corrections of $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s\alpha)$. We argue, using
the framework of the pole expansion for the NNLO QCD-electroweak corrections
established in a previous paper, that the numerically dominant corrections
arise from the combination of large QCD corrections to the production with the
large electroweak corrections to the decay of the W/Z boson. We calculate these
so-called factorizable corrections of "initial-final" type and estimate the
impact on the W-boson mass extraction. We compare our results to simpler
approximate combinations of electroweak and QCD corrections in terms of naive
products of NLO QCD and electroweak correction factors and using
leading-logarithmic approximations for QED final-state radiation as provided by
the structure-function approach or QED parton-shower programs. We also compute
corrections of "final-final" type, which are given by finite counterterms to
the leptonic vectorboson decays and are found to be numerically negligible.Comment: 39 pages, 9 figure
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in highly boosted top-quark pair
  production in $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV $pp$ collision data collected by the ATLAS
  experiment

In the $pp \rightarrow t\bar{t}$ process the angular distributions of top and
anti-top quarks are expected to present a subtle difference, which could be
enhanced by processes not included in the Standard Model. This Letter presents
a measurement of the charge asymmetry in events where the top-quark pair is
produced with a large invariant mass. The analysis is performed on 20.3
fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS
experiment at the LHC, using reconstruction techniques specifically designed
for the decay topology of highly boosted top quarks. The charge asymmetry in a
fiducial region with large invariant mass of the top-quark pair ($m_{t\bar{t}}
> $ 0.75 TeV) and an absolute rapidity difference of the top and anti-top quark
candidates within $-$2 $ < |y_t| - |y_{\bar{t}}| <$ 2 is measured to be 4.2
$\pm$ 3.2%, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading
order. A differential measurement in three $t\bar{t}$ mass bins is also
presented.Comment: 19 pages, plus author list - 36 pages total, 3 figures, 2 tables.
  Published in Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-10
Study of the process $e^+ e^- \to K^0_{S}K^0_{L}$ in the center-of-mass
  energy range 1004--1060 MeV with the CMD-3 detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+
  e^-$ collider

The $e^+ e^- \to K^0_{S}K^0_{L}$ cross section has been measured in the
center-of-mass energy range 1004--1060 MeV at 25 energy points using $6.1
\times 10^5$ events with $K^0_{S}\to \pi^+\pi^-$ decay. The analysis is based
on 5.9 pb$^{-1}$ of an integrated luminosity collected with the CMD-3 detector
at the VEPP-2000 $e^+ e^-$ collider. To obtain $\phi(1020)$ meson parameters
the measured cross section is approximated according to the Vector Meson
Dominance model as a sum of the $\rho, \omega, \phi$-like amplitudes and their
excitations. This is the most precise measurement of the $e^+ e^- \to
K^0_{S}K^0_{L}$ cross section with a 1.8\% systematic uncertainty.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, journal pape