pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Adherence and effectiveness of drug combination in curative treatment among children suffering uncomplicated malaria in rural Senegal.

Increased Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine has prompted national malaria programs to develop new policies in several African countries. Less than a year after the introduction of amodiaquine/sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AQ/SP) as first-line treatment in Senegal, we examined adherence rates to therapy and its efficacy among children. The study was conducted in five dispensaries in rural Senegal. Children aged 2-10 years with a presumptive diagnosis of malaria were prescribed AQ/SP. Thick blood film analyses were carried out on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28. Blood and urine samples were collected on day 3 for drug level measurements. The principal caregivers were questioned on treatment adherence. Among the 289 recruited children, 144 had a parasitemia >2500/microl. The results demonstrated markedly good efficacy for the treatment, as no detectable parasitemia was observed on day 28 for 97.9% of the children. However, we noticed that 35.3% of children did not comply with the recommended doses and 62.3% did not exactly adhere to the drug schedule. Despite the good efficacy of the drugs, adherence to the therapeutic scheme was poor. Strategies to promote patient adherence would improve drug performance and thus might help to prevent the rapid emergence of drug resistance
Constraints on grain size and stable iron phases in the uppermost Inner Core from multiple scattering modeling of seismic velocity and attenuation

International audienceWe propose to model the uppermost inner core as an aggregate of randomly oriented anisotropic ``patches''. A patch is defined as an assemblage of a possibly large number of crystals with identically oriented crystallographic axes. This simple model accounts for the observed velocity isotropy of short period body waves, and offers a reasonable physical interpretation for the scatterers detected at the top of the inner core. From rigorous multiple scattering modeling of seismic wave propagation through the aggregate, we obtain strong constraints on both the size and the elastic constants of iron patches. We perform a systematic search for iron models compatible with measured seismic velocities and attenuations. An iron model is characterized by its symmetry (cubic or hexagonal), elastic constants, and patch size. Independent of the crystal symmetry, we infer a most likely size of patch of the order of 400~m. Recent {\it bcc} iron models from the literature are in very good agreement with the most probable elastic constants of cubic crystals found in our inversion. Our study (1) suggests that the presence of melt may not be required to explain the low shear wavespeeds in the inner core and (2) supports the recent experimental results on the stability of cubic iron in the inner core, at least in its upper part
Splitting methods with complex times for parabolic equations

International audienceUsing composition procedures, we build up high order splitting methods to solve evolution equations posed in finite or infinite dimensional spaces. Since high-order splitting methods with real time are known to involve large and/or negative time steps, which destabilizes the overall procedure, the key point of our analysis is, we develop splitting methods that use complex time steps having positive real part: going to the complex plane allows to considerably increase the accuracy, while keeping small time steps; on the other hand, restricting our attention to time steps with positive real part makes our methods more stable, and in particular well adapted in the case when the considered evolution equation involves unbounded operators in infinite dimensional spaces, like parabolic (diffusion) equations. We provide a thorough analysis in the case of linear equations posed in general Banach spaces. We also numerically investigate the nonlinear situation.We illustrate our results in the case of (linear and nonlinear) parabolic equations
Numerical simulation of polyester coextrusion: Influence of the thermal parameters and the die geometry on interfacial instabilities

International audienceThe polymer coextrusion process is a new method of sheet metal lining. It allows to substitute lacquers for steel protection in food packaging industry. The coextrusion process may exhibit flow instabilities at the interface between the two polymer layers. The objective of this study is to check the influence of processing and rheology parameters on the instabilities. Finite elements numerical simulations of the coextrusion allow to investigate various stable and instable flow configurations
Water recovery from dew

International audienceThe recovery of clean water from dew has remained a longstanding challenge in many places all around the world. It is currently believed that the ancient Greeks succeeded in recovering atmospheric water vapour on a scale large enough to supply water to the city of Theodosia (presently Feodosia, Crimea, Ukraine). Several attempts were made in the early 20th Cent. to build artificial dew-catching constructions which were subsequently abandoned because of their low yield. The idea of dew collection is revised in the light of recent investigations of the basic physical phenomena involved in the formation of dew. A model for calculating condensation rates on real dew condensers is proposed. Some suggestions for the " ideal " condenser are formulated
Contractually stable networks

We develop a theoretical framework that allows us to study which bilateral links and coalition structures are going to emerge at equilibrium. We define the notion of coalitional network to represent a network and a coalition structure, where the network speciÖes the nature of the relationship each individual has with his coalition members and with individuals outside his coalition. To predict the coalitional networks that are going to emerge at equilibrium we propose the concept of contractual stability which requires that any change made to the coalitional network needs the consent of both the deviating players and their original coalition partners. We show that there always exists a contractually stable coalitional network under the simple majority decision rule and the component-wise egalitarian or majoritarian allocation rules. Moreover, requiring the consent of group members may help to reconcile stability and e¢ ciency
Measurement of XUV-absorption spectra of ZnS radiatively heated foils

International audienceTime-resolved absorption of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and aluminum in the XUV-range has been measured. Thin foils in conditions close to local thermodynamic equilibrium were heated by radiation from laser-irradiated gold spherical cavities. Analysis of the aluminum foil radiative hydrodynamic expansion, based on the detailed atomic calculations of its absorption spectra, showed that the cavity emitted flux that heated the absorption foils corresponds to a radiation temperature in the range 55 60 eV. Comparison of the ZnS absorption spectra with calculations based on a superconfiguration approach identified the presence of species Zn6+ - Zn8+ and S5+ - S6+. Based on the validation of the radiative source simulations, experimental spectra were then compared to calculations performed by post-processing the radiative hydrodynamic simulations of ZnS. Satisfying agreement is found when temperature gradients are accounted for
Electrical properties of self-aligned gate-all-around polycrystalline silicon nanowires field effect transistors

International audienceLow temperature (≤ 600 °C) polycrystalline silicon nanowires field effect transistors have been developed following a top down approach and classical photolithography techniques. N channel transistors have been tested with a single top-gate, bottom-gate and gate-all-around architecture in order to compare their electrical performances in relation to the interface state density. Analysis shows that surrounding gate enables control of parameters such as on-current, subthreshold slope and threshold voltage and offer potential further applications
CO 2 Solubility in Kimberlite melts CO 2 Solubility in Kimberlite melts

International audienceCarbon dioxide is the most abundant volatile in kimberlite melts and its solubility exerts a prime influence on the melt structure, buoyancy, transport rate and hence eruption dynamics. The actual primary composition of kimberlite magma is the matter of some debate but the solubility of CO2 in kimberlitic melts is also poorly constrained due to difficulties in quenching these compositions to a glass that retains the equilibrium CO2 content. In this study we used a range of synthetic, melt compositions with broadly kimberlitic to carbonatitic characteristics which can, under certain conditions, be quenched fast enough to produce a glass. These materials are used to determine the CO2 solubility as a function of chemical composition and pressure (0.05-1.5 GPa). Our results suggest that the solubility of CO2 decreases steadily with increasing amount of network forming cations from ~ 30 wt% CO2 at 12 wt% SiO2 down to ~ 3 wt% CO2 at 40 wt% SiO2. For low silica melts, CO2 solubility correlates non-linearly with pressure showing a sudden increase from 0.1 to 100 MPa and a smooth increase for pressure > 100 MPa. This peculiar pressure-solubility relationship in low silica melts implies that CO2 degassing must mostly occur within the last 3 km of ascent to the surface having potential links with the highly explosive nature of kimberlite magmas and some of the geo-morphological features of their root zone. We present an empirical CO2 solubility model covering a large range of melt composition from 11 to 55 wt% SiO2 spanning the transition from carbonatitic to kimberlitic at pressures from 1500 to 50 MPa
Playing the Wrong Game: An Experimental Analysis of Relational Complexity and Strategic Misrepresentation.

It has been suggested that players often produce simplified and/or misspecified mental models of strategic decisions [Kreps, D., 1990. Game Theory and Economic Modeling. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford]. We submit that the relational structure of players’ preferences in a game is a source of cognitive complexity, and may be an important driver of such simplifications. We provide a classification of order structures in two- person games based on the properties of monotonicity and projectivity, and present experiments in which subjects construct representations of games of different relational complexity and subsequently play the games according to these representations. Experimental results suggest that relational complexity matters. More complex games are harder to represent, and this difficulty seems correlated with short term memory capacity. In addition, most erroneous representations are simpler than the correct ones. Finally, subjects who misrepresent the games behave consistently with such representations, suggesting that in many strategic settings individuals may act optimally on the ground of simplified and mistaken premises
Heavy metals accumulation in willows growing on Spolic Technosols from the abandoned Imperina Valley mine in Italy

Human activities such as metals mining and milling operations provide one of the most important sources of contamination in the environment. Abandoned mines can be an important source of toxic elements. The threat of heavy metal pollution posed by mine soils generally concerns more than one metal. The aim of this study was to assess total concentration of six potentially toxic metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe) in the soil and plant samples of three dominant willow species (Salix purpurea L., Salix caprea L. and Salix eleagnos Scop.) collected from abandoned mixed sulphide mine dumps (Imperina Valley, North-east Italy).Results demonstrate that metal concentrations in soils are in general above the Italian average limits and they are also significantly (except Cr), as compared with controls (p≤0.05), with averages of 2.12mgCdkg-1, 2267mgCukg-1, 9552mgPbkg-1, 1243mgZnkg-1 and 299,973mgFekg-1. The phytoremediation ability of selected Salix species for heavy metals was estimated. The results have revealed significant differences among willow species (p. ≤. 0.05) regardless of the species selected. The transfer factor and bioaccumulation coefficient of selected metals varied among plant species and from different sites. Some of the investigated species have potential for soil stabilization and extraction of heavy metals. The results indicate that there is an increasing need for further research projects mainly focused on the mechanisms whereby such willows are able to survive in contaminated soil
Modeling BSM effects on the Higgs transverse-momentum spectrum in an EFT
  approach

We consider the transverse-momentum distribution of a Higgs boson produced
through gluon fusion in hadron collisions. At small transverse momenta, the
large logarithmic terms are resummed up to next-to-leading-logarithmic (NLL)
accuracy. The resummed computation is consistently matched to the
next-to-leading-order (NLO) result valid at large transverse momenta. The
ensuing Standard Model prediction is supplemented by possible new-physics
effects parametrised through three dimension-six operators related to the
modification of the top and bottom Yukawa couplings, and to the inclusion of a
point-like Higgs-gluon coupling, respectively. We present resummed
transverse-momentum spectra including the effect of these operators at NLL+NLO
accuracy and study their impact on the shape of the distribution. We find that
such modifications, while affecting the total rate within the current
uncertainties, can lead to significant distortions of the spectrum. The proper
parametrization of such effects becomes increasingly important for experimental
analyses in Run II of the LHC
Cost of preventing workplace heat-related illness through worker breaks and the benefit of climate-change mitigation

The exposure of workers to hot environments is expected to increase as a result of climate change. In order to prevent heat-related illness, it is recommended that workers take breaks during working hours. However, this would lead to reductions in worktime and labor productivity. In this study, we estimate the economic cost of heat-related illness prevention through worker breaks associated with climate change under a wide range of climatic and socioeconomic conditions. We calculate the worktime reduction based on the recommendation of work/rest ratio and the estimated future wet bulb glove temperature, which is an index of heat stresses. Corresponding GDP losses (cost of heat-related illness prevention through worker breaks) are estimated using a computable general equilibrium model throughout this century. Under the highest emission scenario, GDP losses in 2100 will range from 2.6 to 4.0% compared to the current climate conditions. On the other hand, GDP losses will be less than 0.5% if the 2.0 °C goal is achieved. The benefit of climate-change mitigation for avoiding worktime loss is comparable to the cost of mitigation (cost of the greenhouse gas emission reduction) under the 2.0 °C goal. The relationship between the cost of heat-related illness prevention through worker breaks and global average temperature rise is approximately linear, and the difference in economic loss between the 1.5 °C goal and the 2.0 °C goal is expected to be approximately 0.3% of global GDP in 2100. Although climate mitigation and socioeconomic development can limit the vulnerable regions and sectors, particularly in developing countries, outdoor work is still expected to be affected. The effectiveness of some adaptation measures such as additional installation of air conditioning devices or shifting the time of day for working are also suggested. In order to reduce the economic impacts, adaptation measures should also be implemented as well as pursing ambitious climate change mitigation targets
Dispersive solid phase extraction based on butylamide silica for determination of sulfamethoxazole in milk samples by capillary electrophoresis

A new method based on the combination of dispersive solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis is proposed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole in milk samples. Butylamide silica was synthesized and used as extractant. Factors involved in sample treatment method such as: butylamide silica amount, NaOH concentration in methanol, sample volume, and dispersion time were evaluated using a Taguchi parameter design. Under optimal conditions, average recoveries ranged from 73 to 85% with a limit of detection of 0.05 mg L 1 were achieved. The proposed method is a useful technique for cleanup milk samples.Junta de Castilla y León Proyecto VA171U1
Modelling the within-host growth of viral infections in insects

Insects are infected by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, which have been studied largely for their potential as biocontrol agents, but are also important in insect conservation (biodiversity) and as model systems for other diseases. Whilst the dynamics of host–pathogen interactions are well-studied at the population level, less attention has been paid to the critical within-host infection stage. Here, the reproductive rate of the pathogen is largely determined by how it exploits the host; the resources supplied by the host in terms of size and condition; competition with other pathogens; and the speed with which it kills the host (death being an inevitable outcome for obligate-killing pathogens). In this paper we aim to build upon recent developments in the literature by conducting single infection bioassays to obtain data on growth and fitness parameters for phenotypically different and similar strains of nucleopolyhedroviruses in the Lepdipoteran host Spodoptera exigua. Using these data, a simple mechanistic mathematical model (a coupled system of differential equations) is derived, fitted and parameter sensitivity predictions are made which support empirical findings. We unexpectedly found that initial growth of virus within the host occurs at a double-exponential rate, which contrasts with empirical findings for vertebrate host–pathogen systems. Moreover, these infection rates differ between strains, which has significant implications for the evolution of virulence and strain coexistence in the field, which are still relative unknowns. Furthermore, our model predicts that, counter to intuition, increased viral doses may lead to a decrease in viral yield, which is supported by other studies. We explain the mechanism for this phenomenon and discuss its implications for insect host–pathogen ecology
The 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction: Expanding the Platform for Bridging Science and Policy Making

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research Institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research Institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, 19–21 March, 2017. The Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the world. The summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology Roadmap. The summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action. A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified 323 research projects that are indicative of current research. These were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for action. Four discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster risks. Three cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance, resilience, and recovery. Discussion summaries were presented in plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR
Temperature and Doping Dependence of Spin Relaxation in n-InAs

<p>We have used time-resolved spectroscopy to measure the relaxation of spin polarizations in the narrow gap semiconductor material n-InAs as a function of temperature, doping, and pump wavelength. The results are consistent with the D'Yakonov-Perel mechanism for temperatures between 77 and 300 K. However, the data suggest that electron-electron scattering should be taken into account in determining the dependence of the spin lifetime on the carrier concentration in the range 5.2x10(16)-8.8x10(17) cm(-3). For a sample with doping of 1.22x10(17) cm(-3) the spin lifetime was 24 ps at room temperature. By applying a magnetic field in the sample plane we also observed coherent precession of the spins in the time domain, with a g factor g(*)=-13, also at room temperature.</p
Random matrix theory filters in portfolio optimisation: a stability and risk assessment

Random matrix theory (RMT) filters, applied to covariance matrices of financial\ud
returns, have recently been shown to offer improvements to the optimisation of stock\ud
portfolios. This paper studies the effect of three RMT filters on realised portfolio\ud
risk, and on the stability of the filtered covariance matrix, using bootstrap analysis\ud
and out-of-sample testing.\ud
We propose an extension to an existing RMT filter, (based on Krzanowski stabil-\ud
ity), which is observed to reduce risk and increase stability, compared to other RMT\ud
filters tested. We also study a scheme for filtering the covariance matrix directly, as\ud
opposed to the standard method of filtering correlation, where the latter is found\ud
to lower realised risk on average, by up to 6.7%.\ud
We consider both equally and exponentially weighted covariance matrices in our\ud
analysis, and observe that the overall best method out-of-sample was that of ex-\ud
ponentially weighted covariance, with our Krzanowski stability-based filter applied\ud
to the correlation matrix. We also find that the optimal out-of-sample decay fac-\ud
tors, for both filtered and unfiltered forecasts, were higher than those suggested by\ud
Riskmetrics [1], with those for the latter approaching a value of alpha = 1.\ud
In conclusion, RMT filtering reduced realised risk on average, and in the majority\ud
of cases, when tested out-of-sample, but increased realised risk on a marked number\ud
of individual days, in some cases more than doubling it
Biometric response as a source of query independent scoring in lifelog retrieval

Personal lifelog archives contain digital records captured\ud
from an individual’s daily life, e.g. emails, web pages downloaded and SMSs sent or received. While capturing this information is becoming increasingly easy, subsequently locating relevant items in response to user queries from within these archives is a significant challenge. This paper\ud
presents a novel query independent static biometric scoring approach for re-ranking result lists retrieved from a lifelog using a BM25 model for content and content + context data. For this study we explored the utility of galvanic skin response (GSR) and skin temperature (ST) associated with past experience of items as a measure of potential future significance of items. Results obtained indicate that our static scoring techniques are useful in re-ranking retrieved result lists