pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Deformable Face Tracking
  "In-the-Wild"

Recently, technologies such as face detection, facial landmark localisation
and face recognition and verification have matured enough to provide effective
and efficient solutions for imagery captured under arbitrary conditions
(referred to as "in-the-wild"). This is partially attributed to the fact that
comprehensive "in-the-wild" benchmarks have been developed for face detection,
landmark localisation and recognition/verification. A very important technology
that has not been thoroughly evaluated yet is deformable face tracking
"in-the-wild". Until now, the performance has mainly been assessed
qualitatively by visually assessing the result of a deformable face tracking
technology on short videos. In this paper, we perform the first, to the best of
our knowledge, thorough evaluation of state-of-the-art deformable face tracking
pipelines using the recently introduced 300VW benchmark. We evaluate many
different architectures focusing mainly on the task of on-line deformable face
tracking. In particular, we compare the following general strategies: (a)
generic face detection plus generic facial landmark localisation, (b) generic
model free tracking plus generic facial landmark localisation, as well as (c)
hybrid approaches using state-of-the-art face detection, model free tracking
and facial landmark localisation technologies. Our evaluation reveals future
avenues for further research on the topic.Comment: E. Antonakos and P. Snape contributed equally and have joint second
  authorshi
Introduction of a National Minimum Wage Reduced Depressive Symptoms in Low-Wage Workers: A Quasi-Natural Experiment in the UK

Does increasing incomes improve health? In 1999, the UK government implemented minimum wage legislation, increasing hourly wages to at least £3.60. This policy experiment created intervention and control groups that can be used to assess the effects of increasing wages on health. Longitudinal data were taken from the British Household Panel Survey. We compared the health effects of higher wages on recipients of the minimum wage with otherwise similar persons who were likely unaffected because (1) their wages were between 100 and 110% of the eligibility threshold or (2) their firms did not increase wages to meet the threshold. We assessed the probability of mental ill health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. We also assessed changes in smoking, blood pressure, as well as hearing ability (control condition). The intervention group, whose wages rose above the minimum wage, experienced lower probability of mental ill health compared with both control group 1 and control group 2. This improvement represents 0.37 of a standard deviation, comparable with the effect of antidepressants (0.39 of a standard deviation) on depressive symptoms. The intervention group experienced no change in blood pressure, hearing ability, or smoking. Increasing wages significantly improves mental health by reducing financial strain in low-wage workers
Measurement of the high-mass drell-yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports a measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. Based on an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1), the differential cross-section in the Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) channel is measured with the ATLAS detector as a function of the invariant mass, m(ee), in the range 116 < m(ee) < 1500 GeV, for a fiducial region in which both the electron and the positron have transverse momentum p(T) > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity vertical bar n vertical bar < 2.5. A comparison is made to various event generators and to the predictions of perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order
Maritime Shipping and Emissions: A three-layered, damage based approach

Policy emphasis in ship design must be shifted away from global and idealized towards regional based and realistic vessel operating conditions. The present approach to reducing shipping emissions through technical standards tends to neglect how damages and abatement opportunities vary according to location and operational conditions. Since environmental policy originates in damages relating to ecosystems and jurisdictions, a three-layered approach to vessel emissions is intuitive and practical. Here, we suggest associating damages and policies with ports, coastal areas possibly defined as Emission Control Areas (ECA) as in in North Sea and the Baltic, and open seas globally. This approach offers important practical opportunities: in ports, clean fuels or even electrification is possible; in ECAs, cleaner fuels and penalties for damaging fuels are important, but so is vessel handling, such as speeds and utilization. Globally we argue that it may be desirable to allow burning very dirty fuels at high seas, due to the cost advantages, the climate cooling benefits, and the limited ecosystem impacts. We quantify the benefits and cost savings from reforming current IMO and other approaches towards environmental management with a three-layered approach, and argue it is feasible and worth considering.©  2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
SUSY_FLAVOR v2.5: a computational tool for FCNC and CP-violating
  processes in the MSSM

We present SUSY_FLAVOR version 2.5 - a Fortran 77 program that calculates
low-energy flavor observables in the general $R$-parity conserving MSSM. For a
set of MSSM parameters as input, the code gives predictions for: 1. Electric
dipole moments of the leptons and the neutron. 2. Anomalous magnetic moments
(i.e. $g-2$) of the leptons. 3. Radiative lepton decays ($\mu\to e\gamma$ and
$\tau\to \mu\gamma, e\gamma$). 4. Rare Kaon decays ($K^0_L\to \pi^0\bar\nu\nu$
and $K^+\to \pi^+ \bar\nu\nu$). 5. Leptonic $B$ decays ($B_{s,d}\to l^+ l^-$,
$B\to \tau \nu$, $B\to D \tau \nu$ and $B\to D^\star \tau \nu$). 6. Radiative
$B$ decays ($B\to\bar X_s \gamma$). 7. Rare decays of top quark to Higgs boson
($t\to ch,uh$). 8. $\Delta F=2$ processes ($\bar K^0-K^0$, $\bar D-D$, $\bar
B_d-B_d$ and $\bar B_s-B_s$ mixing). SUSY_FLAVOR performs the resummation of
all chirally enhanced corrections, i.e. takes into account the effects enhanced
by $\tan\beta$ and/or large trilinear soft mixing terms to all orders in
perturbation theory. All calculations are done using exact diagonalization of
the sfermion mass matrices. Comparing to previous versions, in SUSY_FLAVOR v2.5
parameter initialization in SLHA2 format has been significantly generalized and
simplified, so that program accepts without modifications most of the output
files produced by other codes calculating MSSM spectra and processes. In
addition, the routine calculating branching ratios for rare decays of top quark
to Higgs boson has been included. The program can be obtained from
www.fuw.edu.pl/susy_flavor.Comment: Updated from arXiv:1003.4260 [hep-ph] (SUSY_FLAVOR v1 manual), 61
  pages; updated sections on modified user interface and on newly added
  processes. SUSY_FLAVOR code available at http://www.fuw.edu.pl/susy_flavo
Alleviating the non-ultralocality of the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring

We generalize the initial steps of the Faddeev-Reshetikhin procedure to the
AdS_5 x S^5 superstring theory. Specifically, we propose a modification of the
Poisson bracket whose alleviated non-ultralocality enables to write down a
lattice algebra for the Lax matrix. We then show that the dynamics of the
Pohlmeyer reduction of the AdS_5 x S^5 superstring can be naturally reproduced
with respect to this modified Poisson bracket. This work generalizes the
alleviation procedure recently developed for symmetric space sigma-models. It
also shows that the lattice algebra recently obtained for the AdS_5 x S^5
semi-symmetric space sine-Gordon theory coincides with the one obtained by the
alleviation procedure.Comment: 18 page
Search for anomalous single top quark production in association with a photon in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The result of a search for flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) through single top quark production in association with a photon is presented. The study is based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb−1. The search for tγ events where t → Wb and W → μν is conducted in final states with a muon, a photon, at least one hadronic jet with at most one being consistent with originating from a bottom quark, and missing transverse momentum. No evidence of single top quark production in association with a photon through a FCNC is observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the tuγ and tcγ anomalous couplings and translated into upper limits on the branching fraction of the FCNC top quark decays: ℬ(t → uγ) < 1.3 × 10− 4 and ℬ(t → cγ) < 1.7 × 10− 3. Upper limits are also set on the cross section of associated tγ production in a restricted phase-space region. These are the most stringent limits currently available
The genome sequence of the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris

Orchidaceae, renowned for its spectacular flowers and other reproductive and ecological adaptations, is one of the most diverse plant families. Here we present the genome sequence of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, a frequently used parent species for orchid breeding. P. equestris is the first plant with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) for which the genome has been sequenced. Our assembled genome contains 29,431 predicted protein-coding genes. We find that contigs likely to be underassembled, owing to heterozygosity, are enriched for genes that might be involved in self-incompatibility pathways. We find evidence for an orchid-specific paleopolyploidy event that preceded the radiation of most orchid clades, and our results suggest that gene duplication might have contributed to the evolution of CAM photosynthesis in P. equestris. Finally, we find expanded and diversified families of MADS-box C/D-class, B-class AP3 and AGL6-class genes, which might contribute to the highly specialized morphology of orchid flowers
Single bottom quark production in k⊥ -factorisation

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.9 (2015): 123 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)We present a study within the kT-factorisation scheme on single bottom quark production at the LHC. In particular, we calculate the rapidity and transverse momentum differential distributions for single bottom quark/anti-quark production. In our setup, the unintegrated gluon density is obtained from the NLx BFKL Green function whereas we included mass effects to the Lx heavy quark jet vertex. We compare our results to the corresponding distributions predicted by the usual collinear factorisation scheme. The latter were produced with Pythia 8.1M. D. acknowledges support from Juan de la Cierva programme (JCI-2011-11382). M. H.
acknowledges support by UNAM-DGAPA-PAPIIT grant number 101515 and CONACyTMexico grant number 128534. G. C. acknowledges support from Marie Curie Actions (PIEF-GA-2011-298582). A.S.V. acknowledges support from European Commission under contract LHCPhenoNet (PITN-GA-2010-264564), Madrid Regional Government (HEPHACOSESP-1473), Spanish Government (MICINN (FPA2010-17747)) and Spanish MINECO Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa Programme (SEV-2012-0249). This work has been supported in part by the Spanish Government and ERDF funds from the EU Commission [Grants No. FPA2011-23778, FPA2014-53631-C2-1-P No. CSD2007-00042 (Consolider Project CPAN)] and by Generalitat Valenciana under Grant No. PROMETEOII/2013/007. This work has been supported in part by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), under grant number FPA2013-44773-
Search for new physics in the dijet mass distribution using 1 fb-1 of pp collision data at √(s)=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector

Invariant mass distributions of jet pairs (dijets) produced in LHC proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV have been studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) recorded in 2011 by ATLAS. Dijet masses up to similar to 4 TeV are observed in the data, and no evidence of resonance production over background is found. Limits are set at 95% C.L. for several new physics hypotheses: excited quarks are excluded for masses below 299 TeV, axigluons are excluded for masses below 3.32 TeV. and colour octet scalar resonances are excluded for masses below 1.92 TeV
Cumulative disadvantage, employment-marriage, and health inequalities among American and British mothers

© 2015 The Authors. This paper illuminates processes of cumulative disadvantage and the generation of health inequalities among mothers. It asks whether adverse circumstances early in the life course cumulate as health-harming biographical patterns across the prime working and family caregiving years. It also explores whether broader institutional contexts may moderate the cumulative effects of micro-level processes. An analysis of data from the British National Child Development Study and the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth reveals several expected social inequalities in health. In addition, the study uncovers new evidence of cumulative disadvantage: Adversities in early life selected women into long-term employment and marriage biographies that then intensified existing health disparities in mid-life. The analysis also shows that this accumulation of disadvantage was more prominent in the US than in Britain
Uncoupling protein-2 attenuates palmitoleate protection against the cytotoxic production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in INS-1E insulinoma cells.

High glucose and fatty acid levels impair pancreatic beta cell function. We have recently shown that palmitate-induced loss of INS-1E insulinoma cells is related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as both toxic effects are prevented by palmitoleate. Here we show that palmitate-induced ROS are mostly mitochondrial: oxidation of MitoSOX, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide probe, is increased by palmitate, whilst oxidation of the equivalent non-targeted probe is unaffected. Moreover, mitochondrial respiratory inhibition with antimycin A stimulates palmitate-induced MitoSOX oxidation. We also show that palmitate does not change the level of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and that UCP2 knockdown does not affect palmitate-induced MitoSOX oxidation. Palmitoleate does not influence MitoSOX oxidation in INS-1E cells ±UCP2 and largely prevents the palmitate-induced effects. Importantly, UCP2 knockdown amplifies the preventive effect of palmitoleate on palmitate-induced ROS. Consistently, viability effects of palmitate and palmitoleate are similar between cells ±UCP2, but UCP2 knockdown significantly augments the palmitoleate protection against palmitate-induced cell loss at high glucose. We conclude that UCP2 neither mediates palmitate-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and the associated cell loss, nor protects against these deleterious effects. Instead, UCP2 dampens palmitoleate protection against palmitate toxicity
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced by vector-boson fusion and decaying to bottom quarks in √s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search with the ATLAS detector is presented for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced by vector-boson fusion and decaying to a pair of bottom quarks, using 20.2 fb−1 of LHC proton-proton collision data at s√=8 TeV. The signal is searched for as a resonance in the invariant mass distribution of a pair of jets containing b-hadrons in vector-boson-fusion candidate events. The yield is measured to be −0.8 ± 2.3 times the Standard Model cross-section for a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV. The upper limit on the cross-section times the branching ratio is found to be 4.4 times the Standard Model cross-section at the 95% confidence level, consistent with the expected limit value of 5.4 (5.7) in the background-only (Standard Model production) hypothesis
Identification, location-domination and metric dimension on interval and permutation graphs. II. Algorithms and complexity.

We consider the problems of finding optimal identifying codes, (open) locating-dominating sets and resolving sets (denoted Identifying Code, (Open) Open Locating-Dominating Set and Metric Dimension) of an interval or a permutation graph. In these problems, one asks to distinguish all vertices of a graph by a subset of the vertices, using either the neighbourhood within the solution set or the distances to the solution vertices. Using a general reduction for this class of problems, we prove that the decision problems associated to these four notions are NP-complete, even for interval graphs of diameter 2 and permutation graphs of diameter 2. While Identifying Code and (Open) Locating-Dominating Set are trivially fixed-parameter-tractable when parameterized by solution size, it is known that in the same setting Metric Dimension is W[2]-hard. We show that for interval graphs, this parameterization of Metric Dimension is fixed-parameter-tractable
Reduced-complexity probabilistic reconstruction of alluvial aquifer stratigraphy, and application to sedimentary fans in northwestern India.

Generating a realistic model of subsurface stratigraphy that fits data from multiple well locations is a well-established problem in the field of aquifer characterization. This is particularly critical for the alluvial fan-hosted aquifers in northwestern India, as they have some of the highest rates of groundwater extraction in the world and spatially limited subsurface observations. The objective of this study is to develop a reduced-complexity model that generates probabilistic estimates of aquifer body occurrence within a sedimentary fan, based loosely on the northwestern Indian aquifer system. We propose a parsimonious, inverse-weighted random walk model that reconstructs potential channel belt pathways within a discrete depth range or slice by (i) connecting known aquifer locations with the fan apex, (ii) filling adjacent cells with non-aquifer material based on estimated channel-body dimensions, and (iii) random filling of the remaining cells until the model fraction of aquifer material is comparable to the bulk aquifer fraction observed from well data. Once filled, individual depth slices can be stacked to produce a three-dimensional representation of aquifer-body geometry, allowing informed inference and testable predictions about the configuration of aquifer units in the subsurface. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that the model performs better than fully random filling, both in matching the locations of aquifer material in the subsurface and in reconstructing the geometry of relict channel bodies preserved on the fan surface. The model differs from purely statistical-empirical approaches by incorporating some geomorphic knowledge of fluvial channel belt geometry within the fan system. In contrast to a fully process-based approach, the model is computationally fast and is easily refined as new subsurface data become available
Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC.

Axion-like particles (ALPs), relatively light (pseudo-)scalars coupled to two gauge bosons, are a common feature of many extensions of the Standard Model. Up to now there has been a gap in the sensitivity to such particles in the MeV to 10 GeV range. In this note we show that LEP data on Z→γγ decays provides significant constraints in this range (and indeed up to the Z  -mass). We also discuss the sensitivities of LHC and future colliders. Particularly the LHC shows promising sensitivity in searching for a pseudo-scalar with 4≲ma≲60 GeV in the channel pp→3γ with m3γ≈mZ
The relationship between parental education and children’s schooling in a time of economic turmoil: The case of East Zimbabwe, 2001 to 2011

Using data collected from 1998 to 2011 in a general population cohort study in eastern Zimbabwe, we describe education trends and the relationship between parental education and children’s schooling during the Zimbabwean economic collapse of the 2000s. During this period, the previously-rising trend in education stalled, with girls suffering disproportionately; however, female enrolment increased as the economy began to recover. Throughout the period, children with more educated parents continued to have better outcomes such that, at the population level, an underlying increase in the proportion of children with more educated parents may have helped to maintain the upwards education trend
Structure of Herbig AeBe disks at the milliarcsecond scale. A statistical survey in the H band using PIONIER-VLTI

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this record.Context. It is now generally accepted that the near-infrared excess of Herbig AeBe stars originates in the dust of a circumstellar disk. Aims. The aims of this article are to infer the radial and vertical structure of these disks at scales of order one au, and the properties of the dust grains. Methods. The program objects (51 in total) were observed with the H-band (1.6micron) PIONIER/VLTI interferometer. The largest baselines allowed us to resolve (at least partially) structures of a few tenths of an au at typical distances of a few hundred parsecs. Dedicated UBVRIJHK photometric measurements were also obtained. Spectral and 2D geometrical parameters are extracted via fits of a few simple models: ellipsoids and broadened rings with azimuthal modulation. Model bias is mitigated by parallel fits of physical disk models. Sample statistics were evaluated against similar statistics for the physical disk models to infer properties of the sample objects as a group. Results. We find that dust at the inner rim of the disk has a sublimation temperature Tsub~1800K. A ring morphology is confirmed for approximately half the resolved objects; these rings are wide delta_r>=0.5. A wide ring favors a rim that, on the star-facing side, looks more like a knife edge than a doughnut. The data are also compatible with a the combination of a narrow ring and an inner disk of unspecified nature inside the dust sublimation radius. The disk inner part has a thickness z/r~0.2, flaring to z/r~0.5 in the outer part. We confirm the known luminosity-radius relation; a simple physical model is consistent with both the mean luminosity-radius relation and the ring relative width; however, a significant spread around the mean relation is present. In some of the objects we find a halo component, fully resolved at the shortest interferometer spacing, that is related to the HAeBe class.Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 190.C-0963. Generous time allocations by SAAO are gratefully acknowledged. We are grateful to Francois Van Wyk for diligently carrying out the infrared part of the photometry at Sutherland. JK acknowledges support from a Marie Sklodowska-Curie CIG grant (Ref.
618910, PI: Stefan Kraus). JDM and FB acknowledge support from NSF-AST 1210972. Part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research has made use of: the Jean-Marie Mariotti Center Aspro2 and SearchCal services; the SIMBAD database, operated
at CDS, Strasbourg, France; and data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia