pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The TANAMI Multiwavelength Program: Dynamic spectral energy distributions of southern blazars

Context. Simultaneous broadband spectral and temporal studies of blazars are an important tool in investigating AGN jet physics. Aims. We study the spectral evolution between quiescent and flaring periods of 23 radio loud active galactic nuclei through multiepoch quasi-simultaneous broadband spectra. For many of these sources these are the first broadband studies. From these SEDs we study the blazar sequence in low, intermediate, and high states, the Compton dominance, the fundamental plane of black holes and the thermal excess called the 'Big Blue Bump'. Methods. We use a Bayesian block analysis of Fermi/LAT light curves in order to determine time ranges of constant flux for constructing quasi-simultaneous SEDs, and are therefore limited by the -ray flux. The shape of the humps are characterized using an empirical model consisting of logarithmic parabolas and a blackbody if necessary. Results. For low states the observed peak frequencies and luminosities agree well with the blazar sequence - a SED peak at a higher luminosity is found at lower frequencies - however, this is not true for sources in a high state. The photon index in Fermi/LAT shows a correlation with the synchrotron peak frequency in low, and intermediate states, however, this is not true for the high state, where the scatter seems much larger.We confirm previous findings about the Compton dominance and show that the black hole mass can not be determined from the SEDs. Surprisingly, we find that all 'big blue bumps' (the thermal excess often found in FSRQs at optical/UV wavelengths) can be described by a single temperature blackbody. We confirm previous findings that the temperature is below what is expected of an accretion disk. Conclusions. We construct multi-epoch quasi-simultaneous broadband SEDs for 22 sources, yielding 81 SEDs. We show that the 'harder-when-brighter-trend', typically seen in X-ray spectra of flaring blazars, is visible in the blazar sequence. Our results for low and intermediate states, as well as the Compton dominance, are in agreement with previous results. We further find that black hole mass estimates using the parameters from Bonchi et al. (2013) are in agreement with some of the measurements. For a few sources, all estimates disagree with the measurement by more than four orders of magnitude. This might be due to boosting effects. The temperature and blackbody shape of the thermal excess seen predominantely in flat spectrum radio quasars are inconsistent with a direct accretion disk origin
Inhibition of PTP1B disrupts cell-cell adhesion and induces anoikis in breast epithelial cells.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesProtein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a well-known inhibitor of insulin signaling pathways and inhibitors against PTP1B are being developed as promising drug candidates for treatment of obesity. PTP1B has also been linked to breast cancer both as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Furthermore, PTP1B has been shown to be a regulator of cell adhesion and migration in normal and cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed the PTP1B expression in normal breast tissue, primary breast cells and the breast epithelial cell line D492. In normal breast tissue and primary breast cells, PTP1B is widely expressed in both epithelial and stromal cells, with highest expression in myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. PTP1B is widely expressed in branching structures generated by D492 when cultured in 3D reconstituted basement membrane (3D rBM). Inhibition of PTP1B in D492 and another mammary epithelial cell line HMLE resulted in reduced cell proliferation and induction of anoikis. These changes were seen when cells were cultured both in monolayer and in 3D rBM. PTP1B inhibition affected cell attachment, expression of cell adhesion proteins and actin polymerization. Moreover, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) sensitized cells to PTP1B inhibition. A mesenchymal sublines of D492 and HMLE (D492M and HMLEmes) were more sensitive to PTP1B inhibition than D492 and HMLE. Reversion of D492M to an epithelial state using miR-200c-141 restored resistance to detachment induced by PTP1B inhibition. In conclusion, we have shown that PTP1B is widely expressed in the human breast gland with highest expression in myoepithelial cells and fibroblasts. Inhibition of PTP1B in D492 and HMLE affects cell-cell adhesion and induces anoikis-like effects. Finally, cells with an EMT phenotype are more sensitive to PTP1B inhibitors making PTP1B a potential candidate for further studies as a target for drug development in cancer involving the EMT phenotype
Exotic μτjj events from heavy ISS neutrinos at the LHC

In this letter we study new relevant phenomenological consequences of the right-handed heavy neutrinos with masses at the O(1)TeV energy scale, working within the context of the Inverse Seesaw Model that includes three pairs of quasi-degenerate pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos. We propose a new exotic signal of these heavy neutrinos at the CERN Large Hadron Collider containing a muon, a tau lepton, and two jets in the final state, which is based on the interesting fact that this model can incorporate large Lepton Flavor Violation for specific choices of the relevant parameters, particularly, the neutrino Yukawa couplings. We will show here that an observable number of μτ jj exotic events, without missing energy, can be produced at this ongoing run of the LHCThis work is supported by the European Union Grant No. FP7 ITN INVISIBLES (Marie Curie Actions, Grant No. PITN-GA-2011-289442), by the CICYT through Grant No. FPA2012-31880, by the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (Grant No. CSD2007-00042), and by the Spanish MINECO’s “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme under Grant No. SEV-2012-0249. E.A.is financially supported by the Spanish DGIID-DGA Grant No. 2013-E24/2 and the Spanish MICINN Grants No. FPA2012-35453 and No. CPAN-CSD2007-00042. X.M.is supported through the FPU Grant No. AP-2012-6708. C.W. receives financial support as an International Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scienc
Dynamical K edge and line variations in the X-ray spectrum of the ultra-compact binary 4U 0614+091

We observed the ultra-compact binary candidate 4U 0614+091 for a total of 200 ks with the high-energy transmission gratings on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The source is found at various intensity levels with spectral variations present. X-ray luminosities vary between 2.0 × 10[superscript 36] erg s–1 and 3.5 × 10[superscript 36] erg s[superscript –1]. Continuum variations are present at all times and spectra can be fit well with a power-law component, a high kT blackbody component, and a broad line component near oxygen. The spectra require adjustments to the Ne K edge and in some occasions also to the Mg K edge. Once further resolved, the Ne K edge region appears variable in terms of optical depths and morphology. The edge vicinity reveals an average velocity smear of ~3500 km s[superscript –1] implying a characteristic radius of the order of <10[superscript 9] cm consistent with an ultra-compact binary nature. The variability proves that the excess is intrinsic to the source. The data seem to indicate excess column densities of up to several 10[superscript 18] cm[superscript –2]. However, there are some serious problems with an Ne I interpretation in ultra-compact disks and we need to consider alternative interpretations, which include a variable O VIII ionization edge, as likely candidates. We test such possibilities with existing observations. The prominent soft emission line complex near the O VIII Lyα position appears extremely broad and relativistic effects from near the innermost disk have to be included. Gravitationally broadened line fits also provide nearly edge-on angles of inclination consistent with the observed high dynamics near the Ne K edge. The emissions appear consistent with an ionized disk with ionization parameters of the order of 10[superscript 4] at radii of a few 10[superscript 7] cm. The line wavelengths with respect to O VIII Lyα are found variably blueshifted indicating more complex inner disk dynamics
Labor market outcomes, capital accumulation, and return migration: Evidence from immigrants in Germany

In this paper I test the capital accumulation conjecture that is used to rationalize return migration decisions in the context of immigrants in Germany and examine how labor market outcomes influence return migration decisions, with particular attention to selection in these outcomes in return migration. I characterize the level and timing of return migration as well as the selection in it and derive a number of implications of these on the impact of immigrants on the host as well as source countries. Using a rich longitudinal dataset that has an over-sampled group of immigrants (German Socioeconomic Panel), I conduct a Cox proportional hazard analysis with alternative waiting-time concepts. That the sample contains immigrants from four different source countries allows me to utilize the variation in the source country characteristics as well as the time variation in them to identify the parameters of interest. I find evidence for the savings accumulation conjecture, in which return is motivated by higher purchasing power of accumulated savings in the home country. On the other hand, human capital accumulation conjecture is rejected. In the framework of savings accumulation, I examine the impact of an increase in German earnings whose theoretical impact on the return migration decision is ambiguous. In terms of labor market outcomes, both retirement and unemployment emerge as important determinants of return migration choices. Unemployment spell length determines the direction of selection with respect to unemployment in return migration. The data also reveal that the level of return migration is high and varies considerably across the source countries. The hazard function of Turkish immigrants displays a hump-shaped profile that peaks between the ages of 45 and 54 whereas EU immigrants are more likely to return at earlier ages and after retirement.
Generalized Additive Models with Unknown Link Function Including Variable Selection

The generalized additive model is a well established and strong tool that allows to model smooth effects of predictors on the response. However, if the link function, which is typically chosen as the canonical link, is misspecified, substantial bias is to be expected. A procedure is proposed that
simultaneously estimates the form of the link function and the unknown form of the predictor functions including selection of predictors. The procedure is based on boosting methodology, which obtains estimates by using a sequence of weak learners. It strongly dominates fitting procedures that are unable to modify a given link function if the true link function deviates from the fixed function. The performance of the procedure is shown
in simulation studies and illustrated by a real world example.
Cangaroo-III search for TeV gamma rays from two clusters of galaxies

Because accretion and merger shocks in clusters of galaxies may accelerate particles to high energies, clusters are candidate sites for the origin of ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays. A prediction was presented for gamma-ray emission from a cluster of galaxies at a detectable level with the current generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The gamma-ray emission was produced via inverse Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background photons by electron-positron pairs generated by collisions of UHE cosmic rays in the cluster. We observed two clusters of galaxies, Abell 3667 and Abell 4038, searching for very high energy gamma-ray emission with the CANGAROO-III atmospheric Cherenkov telescope system in 2006. The analysis showed no significant excess around these clusters, yielding upper limits on the gamma-ray emission. From a comparison of the upper limit for the northwest radio relic region of Abell 3667 with a model prediction, we derive a lower limit for the magnetic field of the region of ~0.1 μG. This shows the potential of gamma-ray observations in studies of the cluster environment. We also discuss the flux upper limit from cluster center regions using a model of gamma-ray emission from neutral pions produced in hadronic collisions of cosmic-ray protons with the intracluster medium. The derived upper limit of the cosmic-ray energy density within this framework is an order of magnitude higher than that of our GalaxyR. Kiuchi, M. Mori, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, P. G. Edwards, R. Enomoto, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, S. Hayashi, Y. Higashi, Y. Hirai, K. Inoue, C. Itoh, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, T. Kifune, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, Y. Matsubara, T. Mizukami, Y. Mizumoto, R. Mizuniwa, H. Muraishi, Y. Muraki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, S. Nakano, D. Nishida, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, Y. Sakamoto, A. Seki, V. Stamatescu, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, S. Watanabe, Y. Yamada, E. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi and Y. Yukaw
Methylomic analysis of monozygotic twins discordant for autism spectrum disorder and related behavioural traits

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) defines a group of common, complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the aetiology of ASD has a strong genetic component, there is considerable monozygotic (MZ) twin discordance indicating a role for non-genetic factors. Because MZ twins share an identical DNA sequence, disease-discordant MZ twin pairs provide an ideal model for examining the contribution of environmentally driven epigenetic factors in disease. We performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in a sample of 50 MZ twin pairs (100 individuals) sampled from a representative population cohort that included twins discordant and concordant for ASD, ASD-associated traits and no autistic phenotype. Within-twin and between-group analyses identified numerous differentially methylated regions associated with ASD. In addition, we report significant correlations between DNA methylation and quantitatively measured autistic trait scores across our sample cohort. This study represents the first systematic epigenomic analyses of MZ twins discordant for ASD and implicates a role for altered DNA methylation in autism
Competitive advantage in public-sector organizations: explaining the public good/sustainable competitive advantage paradox

Resource-based views of the firm and in particular Kay's (Why Firms Succeed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995) model of sustainable competitive advantage have been used to advance an understanding of differences in the competitive advantage of private-sector firms. We extend the analysis to a public-sector firm where its major purpose includes engaging in public good by giving away its knowledge base and services. The case highlights the paradox that many public-sector organizations face in simultaneously pursuing public good and sustainable competitive advantage. While Kay's model is applicable for understanding intergovernmental agency competition, we find it necessary to incorporate resource dependency theory to address the paradox. Implications for theory and practice are provided.Full Tex
Planck intermediate results X. Physics of the hot gas in the Coma cluster

We present an analysis of Planck satellite data on the Coma cluster observed via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Thanks to its great sensitivity, Planck is able, for the first time, to detect SZ emission up to r ≈ 3 × R500. We test previously proposed spherically symmetric models for the pressure distribution in clusters against the azimuthally averaged data. In particular, we find that the Arnaud et al. (2010, A&A, 517, A92) "universal" pressure profile does not fit Coma, and that their pressure profile for merging systems provides a reasonable fit to the data only at r < R500; by r = 2 × R500 it underestimates the observed y profile by a factor of ≃2. This may indicate that at these larger radii either: i) the cluster SZ emission is contaminated by unresolved SZ sources along the line of sight; or ii) the pressure profile of Coma is higher at r > R500 than the mean pressure profile predicted by the simulations used to constrain the models. The Planck image shows significant local steepening of the y profile in two regions about half a degree to the west and to the south-east of the cluster centre. These features are consistent with the presence of shock fronts at these radii, and indeed the western feature was previously noticed in the ROSAT PSPC mosaic as well as in the radio. Using Plancky profiles extracted from corresponding sectors we find pressure jumps of 4.9-0.2+0.4 and 5.0-0.1+1.3 in the west and south-east, respectively. Assuming Rankine-Hugoniot pressure jump conditions, we deduce that the shock waves should propagate with Mach number Mw = 2.03-0.04+0.09 and Mse = 2.05-0.02+0.25 in the west and south-east, respectively. Finally, we find that the y and radio-synchrotron signals are quasi-linearly correlated on Mpc scales, with small intrinsic scatter. This implies either that the energy density of cosmic-ray electrons is relatively constant throughout the cluster, or that the magnetic fields fall off much more slowly with radius than previously thought. © 2013 ESO
Nuclear translocation of the phosphoprotein Hop (Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein) occurs under heat shock, and its proposed nuclear localization signal is involved in Hsp90 binding

The Hsp70–Hsp90 complex is implicated in the folding and regulation of numerous signaling proteins, and Hop, the Hsp70–Hsp90 Organizing Protein, facilitates the association of this multichaperone machinery. Phosphatase treatment of mouse cell extracts reduced the number of Hop isoforms compared to untreated extracts, providing the first direct evidence that Hop was phosphorylated in vivo. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy showed that a cdc2 kinase phosphorylation mimic of Hop had reduced affinity for Hsp90 binding. Hop was predominantly cytoplasmic, but translocated to the nucleus in response to heat shock. A putative bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) has been identified within the Hsp90-binding domain of Hop. Although substitution of residues within the major arm of this proposed NLS abolished Hop–Hsp90 interaction as determined by SPR, this was not sufficient to prevent the nuclear accumulation of Hop under leptomycin-B treatment and heat shock conditions. These results showed for the first time that the subcellular localization of Hop was stress regulated and that the major arm of the putative NLS was not directly important for nuclear translocation but was critical for Hop–Hsp90 association in vitro. We propose a model in which the association of Hop with Hsp90 and the phosphorylated status of Hop both play a role in the mechanism of nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of Hop
“TNOs are Cool”: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region: XI. A Herschel-PACS view of 16 Centaurs⋆

Context. Centaurs are the transitional population between trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and Jupiter-family comets. Their physical properties provide an insight into TNO properties, but only under restricted conditions since Centaurs are closer to the Sun and Earth. For this reason it is possible to access the smaller ones, which is more difficult to do with the TNO population. Aims. The goal of this work is to characterize a set of 16 Centaurs in terms of their size, albedo, and thermal properties. We study the correlations, for a more extended sample obtained from the literature, of diameter, albedo, orbital parameters, and spectral slopes. Methods. We performed three-band photometric observations using Herschel-PACS and used a consistent method for the data reduction and aperture photometry of this sample to obtain monochromatic flux densities at 70, 100, and 160 μm. Additionally, we used Spitzer-MIPS flux densities at 24 and 70 μm when available. We also included in our Centaur sample scattered disk objects, a dynamical family of TNOs, using results previously published by our team, and some Centaurs observed only with the Spitzer-MIPS instrument. Results. We have determined new radiometric sizes and albedos of 16 Centaurs. The first conclusion is that the albedos of Centaur objects are not correlated with their orbital parameters. Similarly, there is no correlation between diameter and orbital parameters. Most of the objects in our sample are dark (pv< 7%) and most of them are small (D< 120 km). However, there is no correlation between albedo and diameter, in particular for the group of small objects as albedo values are homogeneously distributed between 4 to 16%. The correlation with the color of the objects showed that red objects are all small (mean diameter 65 km), while the gray ones span a wide range of sizes (mean diameter 120 km). Moreover, the gray objects tend to be darker, with a mean albedo of 5.6%, compared with a mean of 8.5% (ranging from 5 to 15%) for the red objects
Reconstruction of top-quark mass effects in Higgs pair production and other gluon-fusion processes.

We propose a novel method for the treatment of top-quark mass effects in the production of H(∗), HH, HZ and ZZ final states in gluon fusion. We show that it is possible to reconstruct the full top-quark mass dependence of the virtual amplitudes from the corresponding large-mt expansion and the non-analytic part of the amplitude near the top-quark threshold ŝ = 4m t 2 with a Padé ansatz. The reliability of our method is clearly demonstrated by a comparison with the recent NLO result for Higgs pair production with full top-quark mass dependence
Azole sensitivity in Leptosphaeria pathogens of oilseed rape: the role of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase

Lanosterol 14-α demethylase is a key enzyme intermediating the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi,
and the target of azole fungicides. Studies have suggested that Leptosphaeria maculans and L.
biglobosa, the causal agents of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape, difer in their sensitivity to some
azoles, which could be driving pathogen frequency change in crops. Here we used CYP51 protein
modelling and heterologous expression to determine whether there are interspecifc diferences at the
target-site level. Moreover, we provide an example of intrinsic sensitivity diferences exhibited by both
Leptosphaeria spp. in vitro and in planta. Comparison of homologous protein models identifed highly
conserved residues, particularly at the azole binding site, and heterologous expression of LmCYP51B
and LbCYP51B, with fungicide sensitivity testing of the transformants, suggests that both proteins are
similarly sensitive to azole fungicides fusilazole, prothioconazole-desthio and tebuconazole. Fungicide
sensitivity testing on isolates shows that they sometimes have a minor diference in sensitivity in vitro
and in planta. These results suggest that azole fungicides remain a useful component of integrated
phoma stem canker control in the UK due to their efectiveness on both Leptosphaeria spp. Other
factors, such as varietal resistance or climate, may be driving observed frequency changes between
species