pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Giant planet formation at the pressure maxima\ud
of protoplanetary disks

Context. In the classical core-accretion planet-formation scenario, rapid inward migration and accretion timescales of kilometer size\ud
planetesimals may not favor the formation of massive cores of giant planets before the dissipation of protoplanetary disks. On the\ud
other hand, the existence of pressure maxima in the disk could act as migration traps and locations for solid material accumulation,\ud
favoring the formation of massive cores.\ud
Aims. We aim to study the radial drift of pebbles and planetesimals and planet migration at pressure maxima in a protoplanetary disk\ud
and their implications for the formation of massive cores as triggering a gaseous runaway accretion phase.\ud
Methods. The time evolution of a viscosity driven accretion disk is solved numerically introducing a a dead zone as a low-viscosity\ud
region in the protoplanetary disk. A population of pebbles and planetesimals evolving by radial drift and accretion by the planets is\ud
also considered. Finally, the embryos embedded in the disk grow by the simultaneous accretion of pebbles, planetesimals, and the\ud
surrounding gas.\ud
Results. Our simulations show that the pressure maxima generated at the edges of the low-viscosity region of the disk act as planet\ud
migration traps, and that the pebble and planetesimal surface densities are significantly increased due to the radial drift towards pressure\ud
maxima locations. However, our simulations also show that migration-trap locations and solid-material-accumulation locations\ud
are not exactly at the same positions. Thus, a planet’s semi-major axis oscillations around zero torque locations predicted by MHD\ud
and HD simulations are needed for the planet to accrete all the available material accumulated at the pressure maxima.\ud
Conclusions. Pressure maxima generated at the edges of a low-viscosity region of a protoplanetary disk seem to be preferential\ud
locations for the formation and trap of massive cores
What drives China’s current account

The paper offers an empirical taxonomy of the factors driving China’s current account. A simple present-value model with non-tradeable goods explains more than 70 percent\ud
of current account variability over the period 1982-2007, including the persistent surpluses since 2001. It also correctly predicts the decline of China’s current account\ud
since 2008. Expected increases in the prices of  on-tradeables (e.g. housing and medical care) and expected declines in net output (GDP less investment and government\ud
spending) are the main channels of external adjustment. Much of China’s current\ud
account surplus seems driven by shocks that have global effects by persistently depressing\ud
the world real interest rate. This is consistent with recent theoretical models\ud
that suggest that factors related to China’s domestic financial development are key in\ud
understanding global imbalances
Can information asymmetry cause agglomeration?

The modern literature on city formation and development, for example the New Economic Geography literature, has studied the agglomeration of agents in size or mass.  We investigate agglomeration in sorting or by type of worker, that implies agglomeration in size when worker populations differ by type.  This kind of agglomeration can be driven by asymmetric information in the labor market, specifically when firms do not know if a particular worker is of high or low skill. In a model with two types and two regions, workers of different skill levels are offered separating contracts in equilibrium.  When mobile low skill worker population rises or there is technological change that favors high skilled workers, integration of both types of workers in the same region at equilibrium becomes unstable, whereas sorting of worker types into different regions in equilibrium remains stable.  The instability of integrated equilibria results from firms, in the region to which workers are perturbed, offering attractive contracts to low skill workers when there is a mixture of workers in the region of origin.
Selecting between different productivity measurement approaches: An application using EU KLEMS data

Over the years, a number of different approaches were developed to measure productivity change, both in the micro and the macro setting. Since each approach comes with its own set of assumptions, it is not uncommon in practice that they produce different, and sometimes quite divergent, productivity change estimates. This paper introduces a framework that can be used to select between the most common productivity measurement approaches based on a number of characteristics specific to the application/dataset at hand; these were selected based on the results of previous simulation analysis that examined the accuracy of different productivity measurement approaches under different conditions. The characteristics in question include input volatility through time, the extent of technical inefficiency and noise present in the dataset and whether the parametric approaches are likely to suffer from functional form miss-specification and are examined using a number of well-established diagnostics and indicators. Once assessed, the most appropriate approach can be selected based on its relative accuracy under these conditions; accuracy can in turn be assessed using simulation analysis, either previously published or designed specifically to emulate the characteristics of the application/dataset at hand. As an example of how this selection framework can be implemented in practice, we assess the productivity performance of a number of EU countries using the EU KLEMS dataset.
Energy consumption, output and trade nexus in North Africa

This study uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the impact of energy consumption, and trade on economic growth for five North Africa countries within a multivariate framework over the period 1980-2009. Short-run dynamic relationship shows that there is evidence of one way short-run relationship from i) output, exports, and capital to imports, ii) fossil fuels consumption to exports, iii) exports to capital and iv) labor to combustible renewables and waste consumption. The vector error correction model shows that there is evidence of long-run relationship running from i) combustible renewables and waste consumption, fossil fuels consumption, exports, imports, capital, and labor to output, ii) fossil fuels consumption, exports, imports, capital, and labor to combustible renewables and waste consumption, and iii) combustible renewables and waste consumption, fossil fuels consumption, exports, capital, and labor to imports. The long-run elasticities show that combustible renewables and waste consumption is not statistically significant and only fossil fuels consumption can affect output while trade is statistically significant and have a negative impact on output through imports and positive impact through exports. The policy implication of these results is that, in these countries, trade openness is not sufficiently efficient to incite the use of energies for production.
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp   collisions at √(s=8 TeV) with the ATLAS detector

A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb¯¹. Decays of CP-even h bosons to ττ or bb pairs with the Z   boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h→bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A   boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for σ(gg  →  A) x BR (A  →  Zh) x BR (h  → fḟ) are 0.098–0.013 pb for f=τ and 0.57–0.014 pb for f=b in a range of mA=220–1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models
How well can the theory of planned behaviour account for occupational intentions?

We tested the capacity of an extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to account for intentions to work for the UK's National Health Service (NHS) as a nurse, physiotherapist or radiographer amongst three groups: professionally unqualified (ND507), in professional training (ND244), and professionally qualified (ND227). We found strong support for the three core TPB variables attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control as predictors of behavioral intention, and limited support for two additional variables: moral obligation and identification. There were some differences in the relative importance of TPB variables between groups. We conclude that the TPB has utility for more complex behaviors as well as simpler ones that are more frequently researched. However, more attention should be paid to differences in people's circumstances, particularly regarding past vocational decisions and behavior, and to obstacles to implementing an intention.Full Tex
Self-regulated learning and executive function: exploring the relationships in a sample of adolescent males

This study investigated relationships between SRL and EF in a sample of 254 school-aged adolescent males. Two hypotheses were tested: that self-reported measures of SRL and EF are closely related and that as different aspects of EF mature during adolescence, the corresponding components of SRL should also improve, leading to an age-related increase in the correlation between EF and SRL. Two self-report instruments were used: the strategies for self-regulated learning survey (SSRLS) and the behavioural rating instrument of executive function (BRIEF). Strong correlations between the measures of EF and SRL were found, especially in areas associated with metacognitive processes. Correlations between EF and SRL were found, with weaker correlations between behavioural regulation and SRL were found to be weaker for the younger participants in the sample while the relationship between EF and SRL appears to grow stronger during the initial years of high school even though self-reported levels of EF along with motivation for SRL and important components of SRL such as goal setting and planning were found to decrease with age. Decreasing levels of motivation for learning during adolescence are speculated to moderate the deployment of SRL and EF in a school context.Full Tex
Increased breast cancer cell toxicity by palladination of the polyamine analogue N 1,N 11-bis(ethyl)norspermine

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor forms among women and many women succumb to their disease. Thus, new anticancer agents that can efficiently improve patient survival are of the utmost importance. In this study, the effects of the polyamine analogues N (1),N (11)-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSpm) and N (1)-cyclo-propylmethyl-N (11)-ethylnorspermine (CPENSpm) and the synthesized dinuclear complexes Pd2BENSpm (Pd-BENSpm), Pt2CPENSpm (Pt-CPENSpm) and Pd2Spm (Pd-Spm) were investigated in normal-like breast epithelial MCF-10A cells and the breast cancer cell lines JIMT-1 and L56BR-C1. The overall data show that palladination of BENSpm resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity, in contrast to platination of CPENSpm that reduced cytotoxicity, which might be explained by differences in the cellular uptake of Pd-BENSpm and Pt-CPENSpm. BENSpm and Pd-BENSpm treatment reduced the CD44(+)CD24(-) putative cancer stem cell population, evaluated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, Pd-BENSpm was the most efficient compound regarding induction of DNA damage and decrease in colony formation in soft agar. Pt-CPENSpm and Pd-Spm, on the other hand, were shown to be the least toxic compounds of all tested. Pd-Spm efficiently reduced the cellular glutathione levels, which probably was a consequence of its metabolic inactivation by conjugation to this endogenous thiol. The normal-like cells were found to be less sensitive to the agents than the breast cancer cells. Our findings show that Pd-BENSpm exhibits promising anticancer effects which render it suitable for further optimization to develop a new metal-based chemotherapeutic drug for breast cancer treatment
Hyperbolic systems with non-diagonalisable principal part and variable multiplicities, I: well-posedness

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.In this paper we analyse the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for a rather general class of hyperbolic systems with space-time dependent coefficients and with multiple characteristics of variable multiplicity. First, we establish a well-posedness result in anisotropic Sobolev spaces for systems with upper triangular principal part under interesting natural conditions on the orders of lower order terms below the diagonal. Namely, the terms below the diagonal at a distance k to it must be of order   −k . This setting also allows for the Jordan block structure in the system. Second, we give conditions for the Schur type triangularisation of general systems with variable coefficients for reducing them to the form with an upper triangular principal part for which the first result can be applied. We give explicit details for the appearing conditions and constructions for   2×2  and   3×3  systems, complemented by several examples
The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should benefit psychological health. We aimed to determine whether treating insomnia leads to a reduction in paranoia and hallucinations. METHODS: We did this single-blind, randomised controlled trial (OASIS) at 26 UK universities. University students with insomnia were randomly assigned (1:1) with simple randomisation to receive digital cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia or usual care, and the research team were masked to the treatment. Online assessments took place at weeks 0, 3, 10 (end of therapy), and 22. The primary outcome measures were for insomnia, paranoia, and hallucinatory experiences. We did intention-to-treat analyses. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN61272251. FINDINGS: Between March 5, 2015, and Feb 17, 2016, we randomly assigned 3755 participants to receive digital CBT for insomnia (n=1891) or usual practice (n=1864). Compared with usual practice, the sleep intervention at 10 weeks reduced insomnia (adjusted difference 4·78, 95% CI 4·29 to 5·26, Cohen's d=1·11; p<0·0001), paranoia (-2·22, -2·98 to -1·45, Cohen's d=0·19; p<0·0001), and hallucinations (-1·58, -1·98 to -1·18, Cohen's d=0·24; p<0·0001). Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. INTERPRETATION: To our knowledge, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental health problem. It provides strong evidence that insomnia is a causal factor in the occurrence of psychotic experiences and other mental health problems. Whether the results generalise beyond a student population requires testing. The treatment of disrupted sleep might require a higher priority in mental health provision. FUNDING: Wellcome Trust
Measurements of growing surface tension of amorphous-amorphous interfaces on approaching the colloidal glass transition

There is mounting evidence indicating that relaxation dynamics in liquids approaching their glass transition not only become increasingly cooperative, but the relaxing regions also become more compact in shape. Of the many theories of the glass transition, only the random first-order theory-a thermodynamic framework-anticipates the surface tension of relaxing regions to play a role in deciding both their size and morphology. However, owing to the amorphous nature of the relaxing regions, even the identification of their interfaces has not been possible in experiments hitherto. Here, we devise a method to directly quantify the dynamics of amorphous-amorphous interfaces in bulk supercooled colloidal liquids. Our procedure also helped unveil a non-monotonic evolution in dynamical correlations with supercooling in bulk liquids. We measure the surface tension of the interfaces and show that it increases rapidly across the mode-coupling area fraction. Our experiments support a thermodynamic origin of the glass transition
CANDELS+3D-HST : compact SFGs at z ~ 2-3, the progenitors of the first quiescent galaxies

We analyze the star-forming and structural properties of 45 massive (log(M/M-circle dot) > 10) compact star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 2 < z < 3 to explore whether they are progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies at z similar to 2. The optical/NIR and far-IR Spitzer/Herschel colors indicate that most compact SFGs are heavily obscured. Nearly half (47%) host an X-ray-bright active galactic nucleus (AGN). In contrast, only about 10% of other massive galaxies at that time host AGNs. Compact SFGs have centrally concentrated light profiles and spheroidal morphologies similar to quiescent galaxies and are thus strikingly different from other SFGs, which typically are disk-like and sometimes clumpy or irregular. Most compact SFGs lie either within the star formation rate (SFR)-mass main sequence (65%) or below it (30%), on the expected evolutionary path toward quiescent galaxies. These results show conclusively that galaxies become more compact before they lose their gas and dust, quenching star formation. Using extensive HST photometry from CANDELS and grism spectroscopy from the 3D-HST survey, we model their stellar populations with either exponentially declining (tau) star formation histories (SFHs) or physically motivated SFHs drawn from semianalytic models (SAMs). SAMs predict longer formation timescales and older ages similar to 2 Gyr, which are nearly twice as old as the estimates of the tau models. Both models yield good spectral energy distribution fits, indicating that the systematic uncertainty in the age due to degeneracies in the SFH is of that order of magnitude. However, SAM SFHs better match the observed slope and zero point of the SFR-mass main sequence. Contrary to expectations, some low-mass compact SFGs (log(M/M-circle dot) = 10-10.6) have younger ages but lower specific SFRs than that of more massive galaxies, suggesting that the low-mass galaxies reach the red sequence faster. If the progenitors of compact SFGs are extended SFGs, state-of-the-art SAMs show that mergers and disk instabilities (DIs) are both able to shrink galaxies, but DIs are more frequent (60% versus 40%) and form more concentrated galaxies. We confirm this result via high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations
Effectiveness of a graded exercise therapy program for patients with chronic shoulder complaints.

Contains fulltext :
                  47641.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)An operant behavioural and time-contingent graded exercise therapy program was developed to improve functional ability irrespective of pain experience in patients with chronic shoulder complaints. The clinical effectiveness of graded exercise therapy compared to usual care was evaluated in a randomised clinical trial. Assessments were carried out before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Performance of daily activities was measured by two outcome measures: the main complaints instrument and the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ). Patients were eligible for participation if they had suffered from shoulder complaints for at least three months. Patients suffering from systemic diseases, referred pain or severe biomedical or psychiatric disorders were excluded. Patients (n = 176) were randomised and allocated either to graded exercise therapy (n = 87) or usual care (n = 89). Graded exercise therapy led to greater improvement in the performance of daily activities than usual care. However, only mean differences between groups in performance of activities related to the main complaints reached statistical significance (p = 0.049; 95% CI 0.0 to 15.0). The observed beneficial effects were considered to be small to moderate (calculated effect sizes: 0.30 for the main complaints instrument and 0.07 for the SDQ). Subgroup analysis showed larger improvements on the mean complaints instrument in patients not reporting pain reduction over time. Graded exercise therapy seems to be less effective in restoring performance of daily activities as assessed by the SDQ in patients showing a painful arc during physical examination. Results showed that graded exercise therapy is more effective in restoring the ability to daily activities in patients with chronic shoulder complaints than usual care, although beneficial effects are small
Searching for processes with invisible particles using a matrix element-based method.

We propose a fully flexible method to discriminate between signal and background using a matrix element-based method in the presence of multiple invisible particles. The proposed method performs a mapping of the measured final state onto an observable which improves the separation between signal and background using their matrix elements. To show how performant this generic method is in separating signal from background, we apply it to the prominent partly invisible decay of a Higgs boson into a muon–antimuon pair and two muon-neutrinos via two W bosons
An Erdős–Gallai type theorem for uniform hypergraphs

A well-known theorem of Erdős and Gallai (1959) [1] asserts that a graph with no path of length k contains at most [Formula presented](k−1)n edges. Recently Győri et al. (2016) gave an extension of this result to hypergraphs by determining the maximum number of hyperedges in an r-uniform hypergraph containing no Berge path of length k for all values of r and k except for k=r+1. We settle the remaining case by proving that an r-uniform hypergraph with more than n edges must contain a Berge path of length r+1. © 2017 Elsevier Lt
FR II radio galaxies with z<0.3 -- II. Beaming and unification

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com. Copyright Blackwell Publishing --DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02298.xIn a previous paper we presented measurements of the properties of jets and cores in a large sample of FRII radio galaxies with z < 0.3. Here we test, by means of Monte Carlo simulations, the consistency of those data with models in which the prominences of cores and jets are determined by relativistic beaming. We conclude that relativistic beaming is needed to explain the relationships between core and jet prominences, and that speeds between 0.5 and 0.7c on kpc scales provide the best fits to the data
Band gap control via tuning of inversion degree in CdIn2S4 spinel

Based on theoretical arguments, we propose a possible route for controlling the band-gap in the promising photovoltaic material CdIn2S4. Our ab initio calculations show that the experimental degree of inversion in this spinel (fraction of tetrahedral sites occupied by In) corresponds approximately to the equilibrium value given by the minimum of the theoretical inversion free energy at a typical synthesis temperature. Modification of this temperature, or of the cooling rate after synthesis, is then expected to change the inversion degree, which in turn sensitively tunes the electronic band-gap of the solid, as shown here by screened hybrid functional calculations