pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the tbar-t production cross section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The inclusive cross section for top-quark pair production measured by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of- mass energy of 7 TeV is compared to the QCD prediction at next- to-next-to-leading order with various parton distribution functions to determine the top-quark pole mass, mtpole, or the strong coupling constant, alphaS. With the parton distribution function set NNPDF2.3, a pole mass of 176.7 +3.8 -3.4 GeV is obtained when constraining alphaS at the scale of the Z boson mass, mZ, to the current world average. Alternatively, by constraining mtpole to the latest average from direct mass measurements, a value of alphaS(mZ) = 0.1151 +0.0033 -0.0032 is extracted. This is the first determination of alphaS using events from top-quark production
Up to four planets around the M dwarf GJ 163 :
                    Sensitivity of Bayesian planet detection criteria to prior choice

M. Tuomi and G. Anglada-Escude, 'Up to four planes around the M dwarf GJ 163: Sensitivity of Bayesian planet detection criteria to prior choice', Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 556, A111 (2013), available online at DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201321174 ?? ESO 2013 Published by EDP SciencesContext. Exoplanet Doppler surveys are currently the most efficient means to detect low-mass companions to nearby stars. Among these stars, the light M dwarfs provide the highest sensitivity to detect low-mass exoplanet candidates. Evidence is accumulating that a substantial fraction of these low-mass planets are found in high-multiplicity planetary systems. GJ 163 is a nearby inactive M dwarf with abundant public observations obtained using the HARPS spectrograph. Aims. We obtain and analyse radial velocities from the HARPS public spectra of GJ 163 and investigate the presence of a planetary companions orbiting it. The number of planet candidates detected might depend on some prior assumptions. Since the impact of prior choice has not been investigated throughly previously, we study the effects of different prior densities on the detectability of planet candidates around GJ 163. Methods. We use Bayesian tools, i.e. posterior samplings and model comparisons, when analysing the GJ 163 velocities. We consider models accounting for the possible correlations of subsequent measurements. We also search for activity-related counterparts of the signals we observe and test the dynamical stability of the planetary systems corresponding to our solutions using direct numerical integrations of the orbits. Results. We find that there are at least three planet candidates orbiting GJ 163. The existence of a fourth planet is supported by the data but the evidence in favor of the corresponding model is not yet conclusive. The second innermost planet candidate in the system with an orbital period of 25.6 days and a minimum mass of 8.7 M?? is inside the liquid-water habitable zone of the star. Conclusions. The architecture of GJ 163 system resembles a scaled-down Solar System in the sense that there are two low-mass planets on orbital periods of 8.7 and 25.6 days in the inner system, a possible slightly more massive companion on an intermediate orbit, and an outer sub-Saturnian companion at roughly 1 AU. The discovery of (yet) another planetary system with several low-mass companions around a nearby M-dwarf indicates that the high-multiplicity planetary systems found by the NASA Kepler mission around G and K dwarfs is also present (possibly even reinforced) around low-mass stars. ?? 2013 ESO
Radial-velocity fitting challenge :
                    II. First results of the analysis of the data set

This document is the Accepted Manuscript of the following article: X. Dumusque, et al, 'Radial-velocity fitting challenge II. First results of the analysis of the data set', Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 598, A133, first published online 14 February 2017. The version of record is available online at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628671 ?? ESO 2017 Published by EDP Sciences.Context. Radial-velocity (RV) signals arising from stellar photospheric phenomena are the main limitation for precise RV measurements. Those signals induce RV variations an order of magnitude larger than the signal created by the orbit of Earth-twins, thus preventing their detection. Aims. Different methods have been developed to mitigate the impact of stellar RV signals. The goal of this paper is to compare the efficiency of these different methods to recover extremely low-mass planets despite stellar RV signals. However, because observed RV variations at the meter-per-second precision level or below is a combination of signals induced by unresolved orbiting planets, by the star, and by the instrument, performing such a comparison using real data is extremely challenging. Methods. To circumvent this problem, we generated simulated RV measurements including realistic stellar and planetary signals. Different teams analyzed blindly those simulated RV measurements, using their own method to recover planetary signals despite stellar RV signals. By comparing the results obtained by the different teams with the planetary and stellar parameters used to generate the simulated RVs, it is therefore possible to compare the efficiency of these different methods. Results. The most efficient methods to recover planetary signals take into account the different activity indicators, use red-noise models to account for stellar RV signals and a Bayesian framework to provide model comparison in a robust statistical approach. Using the most efficient methodology, planets can be found down to K/N = Kpl/RVrms ?? ???Nobs = 5 with a threshold of K/N = 7.5 at the level of 80-90% recovery rate found for a number of methods. These recovery rates drop dramatically for K/N smaller than this threshold. In addition, for the best teams, no false positives with K/N > 7.5 were detected, while a non-negligible fraction of them appear for smaller K/N. A limit of K/N = 7.5 seems therefore a safe threshold to attest the veracity of planetary signals for RV measurements with similar properties to those of the different RV fitting challenge systems
Farming does not necessarily conflict with tree diversity in the mid-Zambezi valley, Zimbabwe

We tested whether cultivation and fallowing have any significant effect on tree species diversity and dominance in semi-arid Zimbabwe. To this end, we quantified tree species diversity and physiognomy on two soil types (mutapo and bandati) stratified into three land-use categories, i.e., cultivated land, fallow land and woodland. Results showed that tree species diversity was significantly different of the two soil types. Tree species diversity was high on bandati soil and low on mutapo soil. Results also showed that there was significant difference in tree species diversity among the three land-use categories on mutapo soil but no differences on bandati soil.
Pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences in species diversity between paired categories on mutapo soil but no significant differences on bandati soil. Tree physiognomy was significantly different among all three land use categories. Colphospermum mopane and Diospyros kirkii were the dominant species within woodlands, while Acacia tortilis subsp. Spirocarpa replaced them as the dominant species within the fallow land category. These results indicate that woodland conversion for cultivation purposes has no immediate significant effect on tree species diversity on bandati soil, while it has a pronounced effect on mutapo soil, at least in the short term.The Ministere Francais des
Affaires Etrangeres et Europeennes for supporting (Edwin
Tambara) through the French Embassy in Zimbabwe (Research
Platform-Production and Conservation in Partnership, RP-PCP
grant/CC#4).http://www.springer.com/life+sci/forestry/journal/10457ab201
Characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells from multiple donors and the implications for large scale bioprocess development

AbstractCell-based therapies have the potential to contribute to global healthcare, whereby the use of living cells and tissues can be used as medicinal therapies. Despite this potential, many challenges remain before the full value of this emerging field can be realized. The characterization of input material for cell-based therapy bioprocesses from multiple donors is necessary to identify and understand the potential implications of input variation on process development. In this work, we have characterized bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) from multiple donors and discussed the implications of the measurable input variation on the development of autologous and allogeneic cell-based therapy manufacturing processes. The range of cumulative population doublings across the five BM-hMSC lines over 30 days of culture was 5.93, with an 18.2% range in colony forming efficiency at the end of the culture process and a 55.1% difference in the production of interleukin-6 between these cell lines. It has been demonstrated that this variation results in a range in the process time between these donor hMSC lines for a hypothetical product of over 13 days, creating potential batch timing issues when manufacturing products from multiple patients. All BM-hMSC donor lines demonstrated conformity to the ISCT criteria but showed a difference in cell morphology. Metabolite analysis showed that hMSCs from the different donors have a range in glucose consumption of 26.98pmolcell−1day−1, Lactate production of 29.45pmolcell−1day−1 and ammonium production of 1.35pmolcell−1day−1, demonstrating the extent of donor variability throughout the expansion process. Measuring informative product attributes during process development will facilitate progress towards consistent manufacturing processes, a critical step in the translation cell-based therapies
Neutron–proton effective mass splitting in neutron-rich matter at normal density from analyzing nucleon–nucleus scattering data within an isospin dependent optical model

AbstractThe neutron–proton effective mass splitting in asymmetric nucleonic matter of isospin asymmetry δ and normal density is found to be mn−p⁎≡(mn⁎−mp⁎)/m=(0.41±0.15)δ from analyzing globally 1088 sets of reaction and angular differential cross sections of proton elastic scattering on 130 targets with beam energies from 0.783 MeV to 200 MeV, and 1161 sets of data of neutron elastic scattering on 104 targets with beam energies from 0.05 MeV to 200 MeV within an isospin dependent non-relativistic optical potential model. It sets a useful reference for testing model predictions on the momentum dependence of the nucleon isovector potential necessary for understanding novel structures and reactions of rare isotopes
On the number of instabilities of cosmological solutions in an Einstein–Yang–Mills system

AbstractA detailed numerical stability analysis of the static, spherically symmetric globally regular solutions of the Einstein–Yang–Mills equations with a positive cosmological constant, Λ, is carried out. It is found that the number of unstable modes in the even parity sector is n for solutions with n=1,2 nodes as Λ varies. The solution with n=3 nodes exhibits a rather surprising behaviour in that the number of its unstable modes jumps from 3 to 1 as Λ crosses (from below) a critical value. In particular the topologically 3-sphere type solution with n=3 nodes has only a single unstable mode
Restenosis, reocclusion and adverse cardiovascular events after successful balloon angioplasty of occluded versus nonoccluded coronary arteries Results from the multicenter american research trial with cilazapril after angioplasty to prevent transluminal coronary obstruction and restenosis (MARCATOR)

Objectives.This study sought to compare the frequency of restenosis, reocclusion and adverse cardiovascular events after angioplasty of occluded versus nonoccluded coronary arteries.Background.Angioplasty of chronically occluded coronary arteries is believed to be associated with a higher frequency of restenosis and reocclusion than angioplasty of subtotal stenoses. Whether this leads to adverse cardiovascular events is unknown.Methods.The Multicenter American Research Trial With Cilazapril After Angioplasty to Prevent Restenosis (MARCATOR) was a placebo-controlled trial with angiographic follow-up to determine the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril on the frequency of restenosis. In this trial, restenosis was defined as 1) angiographic reduction of minimal lumen diameter ≥0.72 mm between angioplasty and the follow-up visit; and 2) >50% diameter stenosis on the follow-up angiogram. We identified 139 patients with successful angioplasty of a coronary occlusion (Group 1) and compared the frequency of restenosis, reocclusion and adverse cardiovascular events with that in 1,295 patients with successful angioplasty of a subtotal stenosis (Group 2).Results.Restenosis occurred in 36 patients with occluded arteries (29%) versus 264 with nonoccluded arteries (23%, p = 0.177) by definition 1 and in 62 patients with occluded arteries (49%) versus 478 with nonoccluded arteries (42%, p = 0.119) by definition 2. Occlusion was present in 24 Group 1 patients (19%) compared with 74 Group 2 patients (7%) (p < 0.001). During the 6 month follow-up period, two Group 1 patients (1.4%) and six Group 2 patients (0.5%) died; no Group 1 patients and 10 Group 2 patients (0.8%) developed severe congestive heart failure; nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 4 Group 1 patients (2.9%) and 31 Group 2 patients (2.4%); repeat coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery was performed in 29 Group 1 patients (21%) and 232 Group 2 patients (18%); and angina was present in 18 Group 1 and 163 Group 2 patients (13% for both). Eighty-six Group 1 patients (62%) and 853 Group 2 patients (66%) remained free of these adverse events during the 6-month follow-up period (p = 0.513).Conclusions.The frequency of restenosis was slightly but not significantly greater after successful angioplasty of an occluded artery than after angioplasty of a subtotal stenosis. Although reocclusion was more frequent, occurring in 19% of patients, the net clinical benefit of angioplasty in such patients was similar to that in patients with subtotal stenoses over the 6-month follow-up period
Symmetric duality for left and right Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional differences

AbstractA discrete version of the symmetric duality of Caputo–Torres, to relate left and right Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional differences, is considered. As a corollary, we provide an evidence to the fact that in case of right fractional differences, one has to mix between nabla and delta operators. As an application, we derive right fractional summation by parts formulas and left fractional difference Euler–Lagrange equations for discrete fractional variational problems whose Lagrangians depend on right fractional differences
Catastrophic emplacement of giant landslides aided by thermal decomposition: Heart Mountain, Wyoming

AbstractThe Heart Mountain landslide of northwest Wyoming is the largest known sub-aerial landslide on Earth. During its emplacement more than 2000 km3 of Paleozoic sedimentary and Eocene volcanic rocks slid >45 km on a basal detachment surface dipping 2°, leading to 100 yr of debate regarding the emplacement mechanisms. Recently, emplacement by catastrophic sliding has been favored, but experimental evidence in support of this is lacking. Here we show in friction experiments on carbonate rocks taken from the landslide that at slip velocities of several meters per second CO2 starts to degas due to thermal decomposition induced by flash heating after only a few hundred microns of slip. This is associated with the formation of vesicular degassing rims in dolomite clasts and a crystalline calcite cement that closely resemble microstructures in the basal slip zone of the natural landslide. Our experimental results are consistent with an emplacement mechanism whereby catastrophic slip was aided by carbonate decomposition and release of CO2, allowing the huge upper plate rock mass to slide over a ‘cushion’ of pressurized material
Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→KS0π+ and B+→KS0K+

AbstractAn analysis of B+→KS0π+ and B+→KS0K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−1 and 2 fb−1 collected at centre-of-mass energies of s=7 TeV and s=8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+→KS0K+)/B(B+→KS0π+)=0.064±0.009 (stat.)±0.004 (syst.), ACP(B+→KS0π+)=−0.022±0.025 (stat.)±0.010  (syst.) and ACP(B+→KS0K+)=−0.21±0.14  (stat.)±0.01  (syst.). The data sample taken at s=7 TeV is used to search for Bc+→KS0K+ decays and results in the upper limit (fc⋅B(Bc+→KS0K+))/(fu⋅B(B+→KS0π+))<5.8×10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fc and fu denote the hadronisation fractions of a b¯ quark into a Bc+ or a B+ meson, respectively
First synthesis of a fully active spin-labeled peptide hormone1Abbreviations for amino acids and nomenclature of peptide structure follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB, J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 668–673.1

AbstractFor the first time in the electron spin resonance (ESR) and peptide synthesis fields, a fully active spin-labeled peptide hormone was reported. The ESR spectra of this α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue (acetyl-Toac0-α-MSH) where Toac is the paramagnetic amino acid probe 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid, suggested a pH-independent conformation and a more restricted movement comparatively to the free Toac. Owing to its equivalent biological potency in a skin pigmentation assay as compared to the native α-MSH and its unique characteristic (paramagnetic, naturally fluorescent and fully active), this analogue is of great potential for investigation of relevant physiological roles reported for α-MSH
Substrate-Modulated Thermal Fluctuations Affect Long-Range Allosteric Signaling in Protein Homodimers: Exemplified in CAP

AbstractThe role of conformational dynamics in allosteric signaling of proteins is increasingly recognized as an important and subtle aspect of this ubiquitous phenomenon. Cooperative binding is commonly observed in proteins with twofold symmetry that bind two identical ligands. We construct a coarse-grained model of an allosteric coupled dimer and show how the signal can be propagated between the distant binding sites via change in slow global vibrational modes alone. We demonstrate that modulation on substrate binding of as few as 5–10 slow modes can give rise to cooperativity observed in biological systems and that the type of cooperativity is given by change of interaction between the two monomers upon ligand binding. To illustrate the application of the model, we apply it to a challenging test case: the catabolite activator protein (CAP). CAP displays negative cooperativity upon association with two identical ligands. The conformation of CAP is not affected by the binding, but its vibrational spectrum undergoes a strong modification. Intriguingly, the first binding enhances thermal fluctuations, yet the second quenches them. We show that this counterintuitive behavior is, in fact, necessary for an optimal anticooperative system, and captured within a well-defined region of the model's parameter space. From analyzing the experimental results, we conclude that fast local modes take an active part in the allostery of CAP, coupled to the more-global slow modes. By including them into the model, we elucidate the role of the modes on different timescales. We conclude that such dynamic control of allostery in homodimers may be a general phenomenon and that our model framework can be used for extended interpretation of thermodynamic parameters in other systems
On Lundh’s percolation diffusion

AbstractA collection of spherical obstacles in the unit ball in Euclidean space is said to be avoidable for Brownian motion if there is a positive probability that Brownian motion diffusing from some point in the ball will avoid all the obstacles and reach the boundary of the ball. The centres of the spherical obstacles are generated according to a Poisson point process while the radius of an obstacle is a deterministic function. If avoidable configurations are generated with positive probability, Lundh calls this percolation diffusion. An integral condition for percolation diffusion is derived in terms of the intensity of the point process and the function that determines the radii of the obstacles
Magnetic response of holographic Lifshitz superconductors: Vortex and Droplet solutions

AbstractIn this paper a holographic model of s-wave superconductor with anisotropic Lifshitz scaling has been considered. In the presence of an external magnetic field our holographic model exhibits both vortex and droplet solutions. Based on analytic methods we have shown that the anisotropy has no effect on the vortex and droplet solutions whereas it may affect the condensation. Our vortex solution closely resembles the Ginzburg–Landau theory and a relation between the upper critical magnetic field and superconducting coherence length has been speculated from this comparison. Using Sturm–Liouville method, the effect of anisotropy on the critical parameters in insulator/superconductor phase transitions has been analyzed
The prospects for coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and storage: A UK perspective

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) facilities coupled to coal-fired power plants provide a climate change mitigation strategy that potentially permits the continued use of fossil fuels whilst reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Potential design routes for the capture, transport and storage of CO2 from United Kingdom (UK) power plants are examined. Energy and carbon analyses were performed on coal-fired power stations with and without CCS. Both currently available and novel CCS technologies are evaluated. Due to lower operating efficiencies, the CCS plants showed a longer energy payback period and a lower energy gain ratio than conventional plant. Cost estimates are reported in the context of recent UK industry-led attempts to determine opportunities for cost reductions across the whole CCS chain, alongside international endeavours to devise common CCS cost estimation methods. These cost figures should be viewed as ‘indicative’ or suggestive. They are nevertheless helpful to various CCS stakeholder groups [such as those in industry, policy makers (civil servants and the staff of various government agencies), and civil society and environmental ‘non-governmental organisations’ (NGOs)] in order to enable them to assess the role of this technology in national energy strategies and its impact on local communities
Statistics of implicational logic1
		1Supported by the State Committee for Scientific Research in Poland (KBN), research grant 7T11C 022 21

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the size of the fraction of tautologies of the given length n against the number of all formulas of length n for implicational logic. We are specially interested in asymptotic behavior of this fraction. We demonstrate the relation between a number of premises of implicational formula and asymptotic probability of finding formula with this number of premises. Furthermore we investigate the distribution of this asymptotic probabilities. Distribution for all formulas is contrasted with the same distribution for tautologies only. We prove those distributions to be so different that enable us to estimate likelihood of truth for a given long formula. Despite of the fact that all discussed problems and methods in this paper are solved by mathematical means, the paper may have some philosophical impact on the understanding how much the phenomenon of truth is sporadic or frequent in random logical sentences