pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Control of drosophila photoreceptor cell fates by phyllopod, a novel nuclear protein acting downstream of the raf kinase

AbstractThe phyllopod (phyl) gene regulates the fates of a subset of cells in the developing Drosophila eye; in the absence of phyl function, the R1, R6, and R7 photoreceptors are transformed into additional cone cells, whereas ectopic phyl expression in the cone cell precursors transforms these cells into additional R7 cells. Within this group of cells, phyl expression thus mimics activation of the Raf pathway in its ability to induce photoreceptor rather than cone cell development. Furthermore, the transformation of cone cells into R7 cells in response to Raf activation is both accompanied by and dependent upon ectopic phyl expression. phyl thus represents a possible target gene of the Raf pathway during eye development, controlling the fates of a novel subset of photoreceptors
Resummation and S-duality in N = 4 SYM.

We consider the problem of resumming the perturbative expansions for anomalous dimensions of low twist, non-BPS operators in four dimensional  NN  = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. The requirement of S-duality invariance imposes considerable restrictions on any such resummation. We introduce several prescriptions that produce interpolating functions on the upper half plane that are compatible with a subgroup of the full duality group. These lead to predictions for the anomalous dimensions at all points in the fundamental domain of the complex gauge coupling, and in particular at the duality-invariant values τ = i and τ = exp(iπ/3). For low-rank gauge groups, the predictions are compatible with the bounds derived by conformal bootstrap methods for these anomalous dimensions; within numerical errors, they are in good agreement with the conjecture that said bounds are saturated at a duality-invariant point. We also find that the anomalous dimensions of the lowest twist operators lie within an extremely narrow window around a straight line as we vary the moduli of the theory over the two dimensional fundamental domain
Dynamic topology and flux rope evolution during non-linear tearing of 3D null point current sheets.

In this work, the dynamic magnetic field within a tearing-unstable three-dimensional current sheet about a magnetic null point is described in detail. We focus on the evolution of the magnetic null points and flux ropes that are formed during the tearing process. Generally, we find that both magnetic structures are created prolifically within the layer and are non-trivially related. We examine how nulls are created and annihilated during bifurcation processes, and describe how they evolve within the current layer. The type of null bifurcation first observed is associated with the formation of pairs of flux ropes within the current layer. We also find that new nulls form within these flux ropes, both following internal reconnection and as adjacent flux ropes interact. The flux ropes exhibit a complex evolution, driven by a combination of ideal kinking and their interaction with the outflow jets from the main layer. The finite size of the unstable layer also allows us to consider the wider effects of flux rope generation. We find that the unstable current layer acts as a source of torsional magnetohydrodynamic waves and dynamic braiding of magnetic fields. The implications of these results to several areas of heliophysics are discussed
Decomposition's Dantzig–Wolfe applied to fuzzy multicommodity flow problems

AbstractWe present, in this paper, a method for solving linear programming problems with fuzzy costs based on the classical method of decomposition's Dantzig–Wolfe. Methods using decomposition techniques address problems that have a special structure in the set of constraints. An example of such a problem that has this structure is the fuzzy multicommodity flow problem. This problem can be modeled by a graph whose nodes represent points of supply, demand and passage of commodities, which travel on the arcs of the network. The objective is to determine the flow of each commodity on the arcs, in order to meet demand at minimal cost while respecting the capacity constraints of the arcs and the flow conservation constraints of the nodes. Using the theory of fuzzy sets, the proposed method aims to find the optimal solution, working with the problem in the fuzzy form during the resolution procedure
Canonical quantization of a string describing N branes at angles

AbstractWe study the canonical quantization of a bosonic string in presence of N twist fields. This generalizes the quantization of the twisted string in two ways: the in and out states are not necessarily twisted and the number of twist fields N can be bigger than 2.In order to quantize the theory we need to find the normal modes. Then we need to define a product between two modes which is conserved. Because of this we need to use the Klein–Gordon product and to separate the string coordinate into the classical and the quantum part. The quantum part has different boundary conditions than the original string coordinates but these boundary conditions are precisely those which make the operator describing the equation of motion self adjoint.The splitting of the string coordinates into a classical and quantum part allows the formulation of an improved overlap principle. Using this approach we then proceed in computing the generating function for the generic correlator with L untwisted operators and N (excited) twist fields for branes at angles. We recover as expected the results previously obtained using the path integral. This construction explains why these correlators are given by a generalization of the Wick theorem
B physics constraints on a flavor symmetric scalar model to account for the tt¯ asymmetry and Wjj excess at CDF

AbstractRecently Nelson et al. proposed an interesting flavor symmetric model to account for the top quark forward–backward asymmetry and the dijet anomaly at CDF simultaneously with just three parameters: a coupling constant of order one, and two scalar masses of 160 GeV and 220 GeV. However these fiducial values of the parameters lead to the branching ratio of a almost pure penguin B→πK decay about one hundred times larger than the experimental results. Consider also the precision electroweak constraints, the scalar masses should be at least around 500 GeV. Actually with the coupling constant larger than one, it is impossible to explain either of the two CDF measurements consistently in this model. But one may raise the charged scalar mass to, for example, 250 GeV and reduce the coupling strength to 0.6 to meet the B physics constraints. With this parameter set, the Wjj cross section is found to be in the right range. But due to the scalar mass splitting, its correction to T-parameter is about 3σ away from the precision electroweak constraints. In addition, the top quark forward–backward asymmetry should be well below 0.1 with this small coupling constant
Specific anchoring modes of two distinct dystrophin rod sub-domains interacting in phospholipid Langmuir films studied by atomic force microscopy and PM-IRRAS

AbstractDystrophin rod repeats 1–3 sub-domain binds to acidic phosphatidylserine in a small vesicle binding assay, while the repeats 20–24 sub-domain does not. In the present work, we studied the adsorption behaviour of both sub-domains at the air/liquid interface and at the air/lipid interface in a Langmuir trough in order to highlight differences in interfacial properties. The adsorption behaviour of the two proteins at the air/liquid interface shows that they display surface activity while maintaining their alpha-helical secondary structure as shown by PM-IRRAS. Strikingly, R20–24 needs to be highly hydrated even at the interface, while this is not the case for R1–3, indicating that the surface activity is dramatically higher for R1–3 than R20–24. Surface-pressure measurements, atomic force microscopy and PM-IRRAS are used in a Langmuir experiment with DOPC–DOPS monolayers at two different surface pressures, 20mN/m and 30mN/m. At the lower surface pressure, the proteins are adsorbed at the lipid film interface while maintaining its alpha-helical structure. After an increase of the surface pressure, R1–3 subsequently produces a stable film, while R20–24 induces a reorganization of the lipid film with a subsequent decrease of the surface pressure close to the initial value. AFM and PM-IRRAS show that R1–3 is present in high amounts at the interface, being arranged in clusters representing 3.3% of the surface at low pressure. By contrast, R20–24 is present at the interface in small amounts bound only by a few electrostatic residues to the lipid film while the major part of the molecule remains floating in the sub-phase. Then for R1–3, the electrostatic interaction between the proteins and the film is enhanced by hydrophobic interactions. At higher surface pressure, the number of protein clusters increases and becomes closer in both cases implying the electrostatic character of the binding. These results indicate that even if the repeats exhibit large structural similarities, their interfacial properties are highly contrasted by their differential anchor mode in the membrane. Our work provides strong support for distinct physiological roles for the spectrin-like repeats and may partly explain the effects of therapeutic replacement of dystrophin deficiency by minidystrophins
Factorization in a torus and Riemann–Hilbert problems

AbstractA new concept of meromorphic Σ-factorization, for Hölder continuous functions defined on a contour Γ that is the pullback of R˙ (or the unit circle) in a Riemann surface Σ of genus 1, is introduced and studied, and its relations with holomorphic Σ-factorization are discussed. It is applied to study and solve some scalar Riemann–Hilbert problems in Σ and vectorial Riemann–Hilbert problems in C, including Wiener–Hopf matrix factorization, as well as to study some properties of a class of Toeplitz operators with 2×2 matrix symbols
Trends in serotypes and sequence types among cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland, 1999–2010

AbstractIntroductionThe 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (Prevenar®, Wyeth; PCV7) was introduced to the UK paediatric immunisation schedule in 2006. This study investigates trends in serotypes and multi locus sequence types (STs) among cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Scotland prior to, and following, the introduction of PCV7.MethodsScottish Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Enhanced Surveillance has records of all cases of IPD in Scotland since 1999. Cases diagnosed from blood or cerebrospinal fluid isolates until 2010 were analysed. Logistic and poisson regression modelling was used to assess trends prior to and following the introduction of PCV7.ResultsPrior to PCV7 use, on average 650 cases of IPD were reported each year; 12% occurred in those aged <5 years and 35% affected those aged over 65 years. Serotypes in PCV7 represented 47% of cases (68% in <5 year olds). The serotype and ST distribution was relatively stable with only serotype 1 and associated ST 306 showing an increasing trend. PCV7 introduction was associated with a 69% (95% CI: 50%, 80%) reduction in the incidence of IPD among those aged <5 years, a 57% (95% CI: 47%, 66%) reduction among those aged 5–64 years but no significant change among those aged 65 years and over where increases in non-PCV7 serotypes were observed. Serotypes which became more prevalent post-PCV7 are those which were associated with STs related to the PCV7 serotypes.ConclusionsRoutine serotyping and sequence typing in Scotland allowed the assessment of the relationship between the capsule and the clones in the post vaccination era. Changes in the distribution of serotypes post PCV7 introduction appear to be driven by associations between serotypes and STs prior to PCV7 introduction. This has implications for the possible effects of the introduction of higher valency vaccines and could aid in predicting replacement serotypes in IPD
Training Transfer Evaluation in the Public Administration of Catalonia: The MEVIT Factors Model

AbstractThe current research highlights the need to find alternative ways to measure learning transfer by means of diagnosis of barriers and facilitators of training effectiveness (Baldwin & Ford, 1988 [1]; Noe, 1988 [2]; Pineda et al., 2010 [3]; Quesada et al., 2011 [4]). We developed the MEVIT model, a 40 items, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire measurings the factors affecting learning transfer. Our sample consisted of 458 employees of the Public Administration of Catalonia –PAC-. After an exploratory factor analysis, the results showed “motivational elements” as being the most valued factor by participants in training, with an average of 4.49 out of 5s. The least significant factors are related to the “work context” (3.73), followed by the “elements of control over transfer opportunities” (3.74). The study provides a reliable tool to measure what facilitates and what hinders learning transfer and, therefore, the areas of improvement for an efficient and cost-effective training in the PAC
Aperture method to determine the density and geometry of antiparticle plasmas

AbstractThe density and geometry of p̄ and e+ plasmas in realistic trapping potentials are required if the rate of antihydrogen formation from them is to be understood. A new measurement technique determines these properties of trapped positron (e+) and antiproton (p̄) plasmas, the latter for the first time. The method does not require the common assumption of a spheroidal plasma geometry, which only pertains for a perfect electrostatic quadrupole trapping potential. Plasma densities, diameters, aspect ratios and angular momenta are deduced by comparing the number of particles that survive transmission through an aperture, to that obtained from self-consistent solutions of Poisson's equation. For p̄ the results differ substantially from the spheroid plasmas of an ideal Penning trap. The angular momentum of the plasma emerges as smooth function of the number of particles in the plasma, independent of the depth of the potential well that confines them
Chaperone-mediated native folding of a β-scorpion toxin in the periplasm of Escherichia coli

AbstractBackgroundAnimal neurotoxin peptides are valuable probes for investigating ion channel structure/function relationships and represent lead compounds for novel therapeutics and insecticides. However, misfolding and aggregation are common outcomes when toxins containing multiple disulfides are expressed in bacteria.MethodsThe β-scorpion peptide toxin Bj-xtrIT from Hottentotta judaica and four chaperone enzymes (DsbA, DsbC, SurA and FkpA) were co-secreted into the oxidizing environment of the Escherichia coli periplasm. Expressed Bj-xtrIT was purified and analyzed by HPLC and FPLC chromatography. Its thermostability was assessed using synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy and its crystal structure was determined.ResultsWestern blot analysis showed that robust expression was only achieved when cells co-expressed the chaperones. The purified samples were homogenous and monodisperse and the protein was thermostable. The crystal structure of the recombinant toxin confirmed that it adopts the native disulfide connectivity and fold.ConclusionsThe chaperones enabled correct folding of the four-disulfide-bridged Bj-xtrIT toxin. There was no apparent sub-population of misfolded Bj-xtrIT, which attests to the effectiveness of this expression method.General significanceWe report the first example of a disulfide-linked scorpion toxin natively folded during bacterial expression. This method eliminates downstream processing steps such as oxidative refolding or cleavage of a fusion-carrier and therefore enables efficient production of insecticidal Bj-xtrIT. Periplasmic chaperone activity may produce native folding of other extensively disulfide-reticulated proteins including animal neurotoxins. This work is therefore relevant to venomics and studies of a wide range of channels and receptors
Program schemes, arrays, Lindström quantifiers and zero-one laws

AbstractWe characterize the class of problems accepted by a class of program schemes with arrays, NPSA, as the class of problems defined by the sentences of a logic formed by extending first-order logic with a particular uniform (or vectorized) sequence of Lindström quantifiers. A simple extension of a known result thus enables us to prove that our logic, and consequently our class of program schemes, has a zero-one law. However, we use another existing result to show that there are problems definable in a basic fragment of our logic, and so also accepted by basic program schemes, which are not definable in bounded-variable infinitary logic. As a consequence, the class of problems NPSA is not contained in the class of problems defined by the sentences of partial fixed-point logic even though in the presence of a built-in successor relation, both NPSA and partial fixed-point logic capture the complexity class PSPACE
Limbic versus cognitive target for deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: Accumbens more promising than caudate

AbstractHigh-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) represents a major stake for treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We describe a preliminary trial of DBS of two potential brain targets in chronic TRD: the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and, in the event of failure, the caudate nucleus. Patients were followed for 6 months before surgery (M0). From M1 to M5, they underwent stimulation of the Acb target. PET scans allowed us to track metabolic modifications resulting from this stimulation. The caudate target of nonresponders was stimulated between M5 and M9. Patients then entered an extension phase, in which it was possible to adapt stimulation parameters and treatments. Six patients were included and four were operated on. At M5, none of the patients were either responders or remitters, but we did observe a decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores. Three patients were switched to caudate stimulation, but no improvement was observed. During the extension phase, the Acb target was stimulated for all patients, three of whom exhibited a significant response. A decrease in glucose metabolism was observed after Acb stimulation, in the posterior cingulate gyrus, left frontal lobe, superior and medial gyrus, and bilateral cerebellum. An increase in metabolism was observed in the bilateral frontal lobe (superior gyrus), left frontal lobe (medial gyrus), and right limbic lobe (anterior cingulate gyrus). The results of this trial suggest that Acb is a more promising target than the caudate. NCT01569711
BINS validation – Bayley neurodevelopmental screener in Brazilian preterm children under risk conditions

AbstractPsychometric researches increase in Brazil. Bayley Infant Neurodevelopment Screener – BINS (Aylward, 1995) is a low cost, fast instrument. In 10’ it classifies children under developmental risk degrees. This research purpose was investigating BINS psychometric properties. 61 low-income Brazilian preterm, were divided in groups: 31 children (12 months) and 30 children (24 months), both sex, birth weight <2000g. Socio-demographic-psychological profile was previously registered. Neurologists examined them through Amiel-Tison and Gosselin (2001) and physicians with Denver-DDST-II (Frankenburg, Dodds, Archer, & Bresnick, 1990). Psychologist assessed children at chronological age, with Bayley Scales–BSID-II (Bayley, 1993) and BINS (12m) and BINS (24m). Results demonstrated homogeneous characteristics sample. Reliability indexes were over requested standards. Validity evidences based on external variables were positive moderated and BINS (24m)/BSID-II (mental) presented high correlation. Validity evidences based on content were attested by expertise. High sensitivity was found. So, BINS can be considered an instrument of adequate psychometric properties, able to screen children under risk, according to Psychological Association requests
Nano silver and nano zinc-oxide in surface waters – Exposure estimation for Europe at high spatial and temporal resolution

AbstractNano silver and nano zinc-oxide monthly concentrations in surface waters across Europe were modeled at ∼6 × 9 km spatial resolution. Nano-particle loadings from households to rivers were simulated considering household connectivity to sewerage, sewage treatment efficiency, the spatial distribution of sewage treatment plants, and their associated populations. These loadings were used to model temporally varying nano-particle concentrations in rivers, lakes and wetlands by considering dilution, downstream transport, water evaporation, water abstraction, and nano-particle sedimentation. Temporal variability in concentrations caused by weather variation was simulated using monthly weather data for a representative 31-year period. Modeled concentrations represent current levels of nano-particle production. Two scenarios were modeled. In the most likely scenario, half the river stretches had long-term average concentrations exceeding 0.002 ng L−1 nano silver and 1.5 ng L−1 nano zinc oxide. In 10% of the river stretches, these concentrations exceeded 0.18 ng L−1 and 150 ng L−1, respectively. Predicted concentrations were usually highest in July
Trace element budgets and (re-)distribution during subduction-zone ultrahigh pressure metamorphism: Evidence from Western Tianshan, China

AbstractWe have conducted an LA-ICP-MS in situ trace element study of garnet, epidote group minerals, phengitic muscovite and paragonite in rocks of basaltic and sedimentary protolith from an ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt along Western Tianshan, China. The data are used to evaluate the capacity of these minerals for hosting incompatible elements in response to subduction-zone metamorphism (SZM). The results confirm existing studies in that the presence and stability of these minerals largely control the geochemical behaviors of elements during SZM.We found that redistribution of rare earth elements (REEs), Th and U into newly-formed minerals during progressive SZM precludes the release of these elements from the down-going ocean crust, which contradicts the common perception in models of slab-dehydration and flux-melting. This suggests that additional processes, such as the involvement of supercritical fluids or hydrous melts formed at depth are required to supply these elements to the mantle wedge for arc magmatism. In addition, the ready release of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) by different minerals, and the high immobility of REEs in rocks of basaltic protolith indicate that the contribution of altered ocean crust after SZM may not be responsible for the correlated Sr–Nd (Hf) isotope systematics observed in oceanic basalts. That is, subducted ocean crust that has gone through SZM cannot be the major source material for ocean island basalts
Computing Néron–Tate heights of points on hyperelliptic Jacobians

AbstractIt was shown by Faltings (1984) [Fal84] and Hriljac (1985) [Hri85] that the Néron–Tate height of a point on the Jacobian of a curve can be expressed as the self-intersection of a corresponding divisor on a regular model of the curve. We make this explicit and use it to give an algorithm for computing Néron–Tate heights on Jacobians of (hyper)elliptic curves. To demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm, we illustrate it by computing Néron–Tate heights on Jacobians of (hyper)elliptic curves of genus 1⩽g⩽9