pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spectral Analysis of LMC X-2 with XMM-Newton: Unveiling the Emission Process in the Extragalactic Z-source

Aims:We present the results of the analysis of an archival observation of LMC X-2 performed with XMM/Newton. The spectra taken by high-precision instruments have never been analyzed before. \ud
Methods: We find an X-ray position for the source that is inconsistent with the one obtained by ROSAT, but in agreement with the Einstein position and that of the optical counterpart. The correlated spectral and timing behaviour of the source suggests that the source is probably in the normal branch of its X-ray color-color diagram. The spectrum of the source can be fitted with a blackbody with a temperature 1.5 keV plus a disc blackbody at 0.8 keV. Photoelectric absorption from neutral matter has an equivalent hydrogen column of 4 × 1020 cm-2. An emission line, which we identify as the O VIII Lyman-α line, is detected, while no feature due to iron is detected in the spectrum. \ud
Results: We argue that the emission of this source can be straightforwardly interpreted as the sum of the emission from a boundary layer between the NS and the disc and a blackbody component coming from the disc itself. Other canonical models that are used to fit Z-sources do not give a satisfactory fit to the data. The detection of the O VIII emission line (and the lack of detection of lines in the iron region) can be due to the fact that the source lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton+jets final state

A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks (t∗t¯∗), each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s√ = 8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1, show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t* quark in an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2 excited top quark performed at the LHC
Development of novel bilayered structures to be used as an osteochondral in vitro model

Publicado em "Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine", vol. 7, supp. 1 (2013)Proper in vitro models to evaluate the performance of relevant tissue
engineered constructs are still a major demand of the field. The use of
in vitro platforms in research presents obvious ethical and cost advantages
over in vivo models. In vitro models can also offer important scientific
advantages, as for example, the study of biological mechanisms of
action because it is easier to isolate an experimental variable and measure
its impact on a simple, well controlled system. The aim of this project
is to create an osteochondral in vitro model. As proof-of-concept,
two different bilayered sponge-like scaffolds were developed to act as a
template for co-culturing rabbit adipose stem cells (rASCs)-derived osteoblasts
and chondrocytes. Bilayered low acyl gellan gum (LAGG)-
LAGG/hydroxyapatite (HAp) spongy structures with and without Gelatin
were produced respectively integrating cartilage- and bone-like layers.
The freeze-dried bilayered scaffolds composed by LAGG2%(w/v)-
LAGG2%/HAp30% (w/w) and LAGG/Gelatin 1:1 2%(w/v)-LAGG/Gelatin
1:1 2%/HAp30% (w/w) have a gradient of HAp in the bone-like
layer that, unlike cartilage-like layer, present a bioactive behavior. The
bilayered structures possess about 90% porosity, 500 lm of pore size
and 85% interconnectivity as determined by Micro-CT analysis. Swelling
and degradation tests revealed that the structures can absorb about
120% of their weight and lost 10% of their mass after 30 days in phosphate
buffered saline solution. In vitro studies with rASCS from Fat Pad
(knee) are being performed to study cell adhesion and proliferation. A
rotational dual chamber bioreactor was fabricated in-house to improve
medium diffusion into the structures, to allow the use of two different
culture mediums for each layer, to homogenize the cell distribution in
the scaffolds, as well as to introduce mechanical stimuli by 180º stirring
and compression of the top layer. So far, the results have shown that
the developed bilayered scaffolds have a great potential for finding
application as a screening platform of new therapeutic approaches for
the treatment of osteochondral tissue disorders
Development of a regional glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-temperature calibration for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes

A regional network of quantitative reconstructions of past climate variability is required to test climate models. In recent studies, temperature calibration models based on the relative abundances of sedimentary glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) have enabled past temperature reconstructions in both marine and terrestrial environments. Nevertheless, to date these methods have not been widely applied in high latitude environments due to poor performance of the GDGT-temperature calibrations at lower temperatures. To address this we studied 32 lakes from Antarctica, the sub-Antarctic Islands and Southern Chile to: 1) quantify their GDGT composition and investigate the environmental controls on GDGT composition; and 2) develop a GDGT-temperature calibration model for inferring past temperatures from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes. GDGTs were found in all 32 lakes studied and in 31 lakes branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) were the dominant compounds. Statistical analyses of brGDGT composition in relation to temperature, pH, conductivity and water depth showed that the composition of brGDGTs is strongly correlated with mean summer air temperature (MSAT). This enabled the development of the first regional brGDGT-temperature calibration for use in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes using four brGDGT compounds (GDGT-Ib, GDGT-II, GDGT-III and GDGT-IIIb). A key discovery was that GDGT-Illb is of particular importance in cold lacustrine environments. The addition of this compound significantly improved the model's performance from r(2) = 0.67, RMSEP-LOO (leave-one-out) = 2.23 degrees C, RMSEP-H (h-block) = 2.37 degrees C when applying the re-calibrated global GDGT-temperature calibration to our Antarctic dataset to r(2) = 0.83, RMSEP-LOO = 1.68 C, RMSEP-H = 1.65 degrees C for our new Antarctic calibration. This shows that Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, and possibly other high latitude, palaeotemperature reconstructions should be based on a regional GDGT-temperature calibration where specific compounds can be identified and included to improve model performance. Finally, downcore temperature reconstructions using the new Antarctic brGDGT-temperature calibration were tested in sub-Antarctic Fan Lake from South Georgia providing a proof of concept for the new calibration model in the Southern Hemisphere
Duodeno-colic fistula as a rare presentation of lung cancer - surgical treatment of a stage IV oligometastatic lung disease

INTRODUCTION:
Rare adenosquamous carcinomas have no defined standard approach given their low incidence. They present with nonspecific imaging characteristics and are described as having worse prognosis than other lung malignancies, with greater likelihood of local invasion and early metastasis.
PRESENTATION OF CASE:
Male caucasian patient, 43 years, 26 pack-year smoking history, presented with watery diarrhea, early emesis and loss of 25% body weight (20kg) in four weeks. Colonoscopy identified a left colonic mass. Abdominal CT/ultrasound showed a large fistulous lesion between the 4th portion of the duodenum and left colon. CT showed a solid mass in the right upper lung lobe. Endoscopy and transthoracic biopsy were inconclusive. En bloc D3 and D4 duodenectomy, proximal enterectomy and left hemicolectomy were performed, with inconclusive histology of the specimen. Three months later, a right upper lung lobectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed, revealing an adenosquamous carcinoma of lung origin, R0, staged as pT2pN0pM1b. Six months later, a single dural metastasis in the left cerebellopontine angle was detected and resected, with subsequent holocranial radiotherapy and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy. Patient is currently with 18 months follow-up, in good general health and with no evidence of recurrent disease.
DISCUSSION:
There are no specific guidelines to treat oligometastatic adenosquamous lung carcinoma. Our approach was abdominal surgery as a life-saving procedure and, months later, oncological resection of primary lung tumor and metachronous metastasis to the brain.
CONCLUSION:
A systematic, patient-oriented, patient-shared, multidisciplinary approach is particularly relevant when dealing with atypical presentations of rare diseases in young patients
$\boldsymbol{\mu^-}$- $\boldsymbol{e^+}$ conversion in upcoming LFV
  experiments

We present an illustrative discussion of the physics potential of $\mu^-$-
$e^+$ conversion. We point out that this process, although much less frequently
studied than the related but much more popular processes of $\mu^-$- $e^-$
conversion and neutrinoless double beta decay, in fact is a promising
alternative possibility to detect both lepton flavour and number violation.
However, for this goal to be reached, a combined effort of experiments and
theory, both in nuclear and particle physics, is necessary to advance. The aim
of this paper is to be an "appetiser" to trigger such an initiative.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, Slightly more precise notation and terminology
  compared to published versio
The NNLO QCD corrections to Z boson production at large transverse momentum.

The transverse momentum distribution of massive neutral vector bosons can be measured to high accuracy at hadron colliders. The transverse momentum is caused by a partonic recoil, and is determined by QCD dynamics. We compute the single and double-differential transverse momentum distributions for fully inclusive Z/γ∗ production including leptonic decay to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. We also compute the same distributions normalised to the cross sections for inclusive Z/γ∗ production, i.e. integrated over the transverse momentum of the lepton pair. We compare our predictions for the fiducial cross sections to the 8 TeV data set from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, which both observed a tension between data and NLO theory predictions, using the experimental cuts and binning. We find that the inclusion of the NNLO QCD effects does not fully resolve the tension with the data for the unnormalised pZT distribution. However, we observe that normalising the NNLO Z-boson transverse momentum distribution by the NNLO Drell-Yan cross section substantially improves the agreement between experimental data and theory, and opens the way for precision QCD studies of this observable
Forward modeling of standing slow modes in flaring coronal loops

Standing slow-mode waves in hot flaring loops are exclusively observed in spectrometers and are used to diagnose the magnetic field strength and temperature of the loop structure. Owing to the lack of spatial information, the longitudinal mode cannot be effectively identified. In this study, we simulate standing slow-mode waves in flaring loops and compare the synthesized line emission properties with Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation spectrographic and Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly imaging observations. We find that the emission intensity and line width oscillations are a quarter period out of phase with Doppler shift velocity in both time and spatial domain, which can be used to identify a standing slow-mode wave from spectroscopic observations. However, the longitudinal overtones could only be measured with the assistance of imagers. We find emission intensity asymmetry in the positive and negative modulations; this is because the contribution function pertaining to the atomic emission process responds differently to positive and negative temperature variations. One may detect half periodicity close to the loop apex, where emission intensity modulation is relatively small. The line-of-sight projection affects the observation of Doppler shift significantly. A more accurate estimate of the amplitude of velocity perturbation is obtained by de-projecting the Doppler shift by a factor of 1–2θ/π rather than the traditionally used cosθ. If a loop is heated to the hotter wing, the intensity modulation could be overwhelmed by background emission, while the Doppler shift velocity could still be detected to a certain extent.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Influence of cross-link structure, density and mechanical properties in the mesoscale deformation mechanisms of collagen fibrils.

Collagen is a ubiquitous protein with remarkable mechanical properties. It is highly elastic, shows large fracture strength and enables substantial energy dissipation during deformation. Most of the connective tissue in humans consists of collagen fibrils composed of a staggered array of tropocollagen molecules, which are connected by intermolecular cross-links. In this study, we report a three-dimensional coarse-grained model of collagen and analyze the influence of enzymatic cross-links on the mechanics of collagen fibrils. Two representatives immature and mature cross-links are implemented in the mesoscale model using a bottom-up approach. By varying the number, type and mechanical properties of cross-links in the fibrils and performing tensile test on the models, we systematically investigate the deformation mechanisms of cross-linked collagen fibrils. We find that cross-linked fibrils exhibit a three phase behavior, which agrees closer with experimental results than what was obtained using previous models. The fibril mechanical response is characterized by: (i) an initial elastic deformation corresponding to the collagen molecule uncoiling, (ii) a linear regime dominated by molecule sliding and (iii) the second stiffer elastic regime related to the stretching of the backbone of the tropocollagen molecules until the fibril ruptures. Our results suggest that both cross-link density and type dictate the stiffness of large deformation regime by increasing the number of interconnected molecules while cross-links mechanical properties determine the failure strain and strength of the fibril. These findings reveal that cross-links play an essential role in creating an interconnected fibrillar material of tunable toughness and strength. © 2014 The Authors
Mapping cardiac microstructure of rabbit heart in different mechanical states by high resolution diffusion tensor imaging: A proof-of-principle study.

Myocardial microstructure and its macroscopic materialisation are fundamental to the function of the heart. Despite this importance, characterisation of cellular features at the organ level remains challenging, and a unifying description of the structure of the heart is still outstanding. Here, we optimised diffusion tensor imaging data to acquire high quality data in ex vivo rabbit hearts in slack and contractured states, approximating diastolic and systolic conditions. The data were analysed with a suite of methods that focused on different aspects of the myocardium. In the slack heart, we observed a similar transmural gradient in helix angle of the primary eigenvector of up to 23.6°/mm in the left ventricle and 24.2°/mm in the right ventricle. In the contractured heart, the same transmural gradient remained largely linear, but was offset by up to +49.9° in the left ventricle. In the right ventricle, there was an increase in the transmural gradient to 31.2°/mm and an offset of up to +39.0°. The application of tractography based on each eigenvector enabled visualisation of streamlines that depict cardiomyocyte and sheetlet organisation over large distances. We observed multiple V- and N-shaped sheetlet arrangements throughout the myocardium, and insertion of sheetlets at the intersection of the left and right ventricle. This study integrates several complementary techniques to visualise and quantify the heart's microstructure, projecting parameter representations across different length scales. This represents a step towards a more comprehensive characterisation of myocardial microstructure at the whole organ level
Measurement of the inelastic cross section in proton-lead collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

© 2016 The AuthorThe inelastic hadronic cross section in proton–lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L=12.6±0.4 nb−1, has been collected with an unbiased trigger for inclusive particle production. The cross section is obtained from the measured number of proton–lead collisions with hadronic activity produced in the pseudorapidity ranges 3<η<5 and/or −5<η<−3, corrected for photon-induced contributions, experimental acceptance, and other instrumental effects. The inelastic cross section is measured to be σinel(pPb)=2061±3(stat)±34(syst)±72(lumi) mb. Various Monte Carlo generators, commonly used in heavy ion and cosmic ray physics, are found to reproduce the data within uncertainties. The value of σinel(pPb) is compatible with that expected from the proton–proton cross section at 5.02 TeV scaled up within a simple Glauber approach to account for multiple scatterings in the lead nucleus, indicating that further net nuclear corrections are small
Angular analysis of the B 0 → K *0 μ + μ − decay using 3 fb−1 of integrated luminosity

An angular analysis of the B 0 → K *0(→ K + π −)μ + μ − decay is presented. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at the LHCb experiment. The complete angular information from the decay is used to determine CP-averaged observables and CP asymmetries, taking account of possible contamination from decays with the K + π − system in an S-wave configuration. The angular observables and their correlations are reported in bins of q 2, the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system. The observables are determined both from an unbinned maximum likelihood fit and by using the principal moments of the angular distribution. In addition, by fitting for q 2-dependent decay amplitudes in the region 1.1 < q 2 < 6.0 GeV2/c 4, the zero-crossing points of several angular observables are computed. A global fit is performed to the complete set of CP-averaged observables obtained from the maximum likelihood fit. This fit indicates differences with predictions based on the Standard Model at the level of 3.4 standard deviations. These differences could be explained by contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, or by an unexpectedly large hadronic effect that is not accounted for in the Standard Model predictions
“Sometimes, it just stops me from doing anything”: A qualitative exploration of epilepsy management in people with intellectual disabilities and their carers

Purpose: Epilepsy affects 1 in 5 people with an intellectual disability (ID), but little is known about their experiences of living with epilepsy. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the impact and management of epilepsy in people with ID. Materials and methods: People with epilepsy and ID and their carers were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Eleven participants with ID and their carers were interviewed together, one participant with ID and their carer were interviewed separately, two interviews took place with the participant with ID only, and one interview took place with the carer only. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed thematically (dual independent coding for 30% of the transcripts). Results: Three themes emerged (participant characteristics, living with epilepsy, epilepsy management and information needs) which indicated the following: 1) diversity regarding health profiles, communication abilities, severity of epilepsy, perceived control of epilepsy, and support needs; 2) a reduction in severity and frequency of seizures for a sizeable proportion of participants through antiepileptic drugs; 3) the lifelong impact of epilepsy and related seizures on participants' activities and quality of life; 4) the perceived burden of epilepsy and difficulty managing the condition for a large proportion of participants; 5) high levels of satisfaction with epilepsy-related services and care; and 6) an overall lack of written accessible information about epilepsy. Conclusions: This study has highlighted a significant impact of epilepsy and related seizures on the daily lives and quality of life of people with ID. Although a sizeable proportion of participants and their carers considered their epilepsy to be well controlled, the majority reported difficulties managing epilepsy and minimizing its impact on their wellbeing. Excluding care staff and the support provided by epilepsy clinics, the participants had not accessed any adapted self-management or information resources about epilepsy
Health-related Quality of Life after coronary revascularization: :
                    A systematic review with meta-analysis

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize evidence and determine the impact of coronary revascularization (CR) on cardiac patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), highlighting factors that may affect this outcome in patients. Methods: A systematic search of Medline (Pubmed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Sciverse (Science Direct and Scopus) and PsycInfo was conducted to identify studies published from January 2000 to December 2012. Data were analyzed using MIX 2.0 Pro and SPSS 20. Results: Thirty-four longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria; these studies included 15,992 patients, of whom 8,027 had undergone PCI, 6,348 had undergone CABG and 1,617 had received medication treatment. Moderate long-term effect sizes were revealed for both CR procedures. Both percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) had significantly greater effects on HRQoL than did medication; however, the CR procedures did not differ significantly from each other. Moderators included the type of instrument used to assess HRQoL and the study quality. Benefits related to physical functioning were greater than those related to psychosocial functioning in patients treated with CABG. Conclusions: Empirical research highlights the positive effect of CR on patient HRQoL. Researchers should carefully select the instrument they use to measure HRQoL, as this may affect the results and thus conclusions. More RCTs and between-group studies employing pre-post designs should be conducted before clear conclusions can be drawn