pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A model of the matter–antimatter asymmetry and cold dark matter with U(1)B−L⊗U(1)D

AbstractI suggest an effective model between the GUT and the electroweak scale. It only introduces the two symmetries of U(1)B−L and U(1)D besides the SM groups. The two symmetries are individually broken at the reheating temperature of the universe of 1012 GeV and the scale of 3∼4 TeV. The model can simultaneously accommodate the tiny neutrino masses, the matter–antimatter asymmetry and the cold dark matter (CDM). In particular, the model gives some interesting results and predictions, for instance, the neutrinos are of Dirac nature and their masses are related to the U(1)D breaking, the size of the matter–antimatter asymmetry is closely related to the mass hierarchy of the quarks and charged leptons, the CDM mass is probably in the range of 250∼350 GeV. Finally, it is feasible to test the model in future collider experiments
Natural split mechanism for sfermions: N=2 supersymmetry in phenomenology

AbstractWe suggest a natural split mechanism for sfermions based on N=2 supersymmetry (SUSY). N=2 SUSY protects a sfermion in an N=2 multiplet from gaining weight by SUSY breaking. Therefore, if partly N=2 SUSY is effectively obtained, a split spectrum can be realized naturally. As an example of the natural split mechanism, we build a gauge-mediated SUSY breaking-like model assuming N=2 SUSY is partly broken in an underlying theory. The model explains the Higgs boson mass and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment within 1 σ level with a splitting sfermion spectrum. The model has seven light sparticles described by three free parameters and predicts a new chiral multiplet, sb: the N=2 partner of the N=1 U(1)Y vector multiplet. The bini, the fermion component of the sb, weighs MeVs. We mention the experimental and cosmological aspects of the model
AdS2/CFT1, canonical transformations and superconformal mechanics

AbstractWe propose a simple conformal mechanics model which is classically equivalent to a charged massive particle propagating near the AdS2×S2 horizon of an extreme Reissner–Nordström black hole. The equivalence holds for any finite value of the black hole mass and with both the radial and angular degrees of freedom of the particle taken into account. It is ensured by the existence of a canonical transformation in the Hamiltonian formalism. Using this transformation, we construct the Hamiltonian of a N=4 superparticle on AdS2×S2 background
Coupled-channel effects in the pp→ppK+K− reaction

AbstractThe cross sections for the pp→ppK+K− reaction were measured at three beam energies 2.65, 2.70, and 2.83 GeV at the COSY-ANKE facility. The shape of the K+K− spectrum at low invariant masses largely reflects the importance of KK¯ final state interactions. It is shown that these data can be understood in terms of an elastic K+K− rescattering plus a contribution coming from the production of a K0K¯0 pair followed by a charge-exchange rescattering. Though the data are not yet sufficient to establish the size of the cusp at the K0K¯0 threshold, the low mass behaviour suggests that isospin-zero production is dominant
Search for WZ resonances in the fully leptonic channel using pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for resonant WZ production in the ℓνℓ′ℓ′ (ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ) decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of s=8 TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at LHC is presented. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed and upper limits on the production cross sections of WZ resonances from an extended gauge model W′ and from a simplified model of heavy vector triplets are derived. A corresponding observed (expected) lower mass limit of 1.52 (1.49) TeV is derived for the W′ at the 95% confidence level
Connectivity and tissue microstructural alterations in right and left temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by diffusion spectrum imaging

AbstractFocal epilepsy is increasingly recognized as the result of an altered brain network, both on the structural and functional levels and the characterization of these widespread brain alterations is crucial for our understanding of the clinical manifestation of seizure and cognitive deficits as well as for the management of candidates to epilepsy surgery.Tractography based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging allows non-invasive mapping of white matter tracts in vivo. Recently, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), based on an increased number of diffusion directions and intensities, has improved the sensitivity of tractography, notably with respect to the problem of fiber crossing and recent developments allow acquisition times compatible with clinical application.We used DSI and parcellation of the gray matter in regions of interest to build whole-brain connectivity matrices describing the mutual connections between cortical and subcortical regions in patients with focal epilepsy and healthy controls. In addition, the high angular and radial resolution of DSI allowed us to evaluate also some of the biophysical compartment models, to better understand the cause of the changes in diffusion anisotropy.Global connectivity, hub architecture and regional connectivity patterns were altered in TLE patients and showed different characteristics in RTLE vs LTLE with stronger abnormalities in RTLE. The microstructural analysis suggested that disturbed axonal density contributed more than fiber orientation to the connectivity changes affecting the temporal lobes whereas fiber orientation changes were more involved in extratemporal lobe changes. Our study provides further structural evidence that RTLE and LTLE are not symmetrical entities and DSI-based imaging could help investigate the microstructural correlate of these imaging abnormalities
Measurement with the ATLAS detector of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

AbstractIn order to study further the long-range correlations (“ridge”) observed recently in p+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV, the second-order azimuthal anisotropy parameter of charged particles, v2, has been measured with the cumulant method using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1 μb−1, the parameter v2 has been obtained using two- and four-particle cumulants over the pseudorapidity range |η|<2.5. The results are presented as a function of transverse momentum and the event activity, defined in terms of the transverse energy summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. They show features characteristic of collective anisotropic flow, similar to that observed in Pb+Pb collisions. A comparison is made to results obtained using two-particle correlation methods, and to predictions from hydrodynamic models of p+Pb collisions. Despite the small transverse spatial extent of the p+Pb collision system, the large magnitude of v2 and its similarity to hydrodynamic predictions provide additional evidence for the importance of final-state effects in p+Pb reactions
Measuring free-living physical activity in COPD patients: Deriving methodology standards for clinical trials through a review of research studies

AbstractThis article presents a review of the research literature to identify the methodology used and outcome measures derived in the use of accelerometers to measure free-living activity in patients with COPD. Using this and existing empirical validity evidence we further identify standards for use, and recommended clinical outcome measures from continuous accelerometer data to describe pertinent measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in this and similar patient populations. We provide measures of the strength of evidence to support our recommendations and identify areas requiring continued research. Our findings support the use of accelerometry in clinical trials to understand and measure treatment-related changes in free-living physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patient populations with limited activity
MAPKAP Kinase 2 (MK2)-Dependent and -Independent Models of Blister Formation in Pemphigus Vulgaris

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies to the keratinocyte adhesion protein desmoglein 3 (Dsg3). Previous studies suggest that PV pathogenesis involves p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent pathways. However, p38 is a difficult protein to study and therapeutically target because it has four isoforms and multiple downstream effectors. In this study, we identify MAPKAP (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein) kinase 2 (MK2) as a downstream effector of p38 signaling in PV and describe MK2-dependent and -independent mechanisms of blister formation using passive transfer of human anti-Dsg IgG4 mAbs to neonatal mice. In human keratinocytes, PV mAbs activate MK2 in a dose-dependent manner. MK2 is also activated in human pemphigus skin blisters, causing translocation of MK2 from the nucleus to the cytosol. Small-molecule inhibition of MK2 and silencing of MK2 expression block PV mAb-induced Dsg3 endocytosis in human keratinocytes. In addition, small-molecule inhibition and genetic deletion of p38α and MK2 inhibit spontaneous but not induced suprabasal blisters by PV mAbs in mouse passive transfer models. Collectively, these data suggest that MK2 is a key downstream effector of p38 that can modulate PV autoantibody pathogenicity. MK2 inhibition may be a valuable adjunctive therapy for control of pemphigus blistering
Evaluation of growth methods for the heteroepitaxy of non-polar (112¯0) GAN on sapphire by MOVPE

AbstractNon-polar a-plane gallium nitride (GaN) films have been grown on r-plane (11¯02) sapphire by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). A total of five in situ defect reduction techniques for a-plane GaN are compared, including two variants with a low temperature GaN nucleation layer (LTNL) and three variants without LTNL, in which the high-temperature growth of GaN is performed directly on the sapphire using various crystallite sizes. The material quality is investigated by photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction, cathodoluminescence, atomic force and optical microscopy. It is found that all layers are anisotropically strained with threading dislocation densities over 109cm−2. The PL spectrum is typically dominated by emission from basal plane stacking faults. Overall, growth techniques without LTNL do not yield any particular improvement and even result in the creation of new defects, i.e. inversion domains, which are seldom observed if a low temperature GaN nucleation layer is used. The best growth method uses a LTNL combined with a single silicon nitride interlayer
Double Chooz and a history of reactor θ13 experiments

AbstractThis is a contribution paper from the Double Chooz (DC) experiment to the special issue of Nuclear Physics B on the topics of neutrino oscillations, celebrating the recent Nobel prize to Profs. T. Kajita and A.B. McDonald.DC is a reactor neutrino experiment which measures the last neutrino mixing angle θ13. The DC group presented an indication of disappearance of the reactor neutrinos at a baseline of ∼1 km for the first time in 2011 and is improving the measurement of θ13. DC is a pioneering experiment of this research field. In accordance with the nature of this special issue, physics and history of the reactor-θ13 experiments, as well as the Double Chooz experiment and its neutrino oscillation analyses, are reviewed
Impact of the three-loop corrections on the QCD analysis of the deep-inelastic scattering data

AbstractWe perform the analysis of the existing inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) data within NNLO QCD approximation. The parton distributions functions (PDFs) and the value of strong coupling constant αs(MZ)=0.1143±0.0013 (exp) are obtained. The sensitivity of the PDFs to the uncertainty in the value of the NNLO corrections to the splitting functions is analyzed. It is shown that the PDFs errors due to this uncertainty is generally less than the experimental uncertainty in PDFs through the region of x spanned by the existing DIS data
Modified reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 2: Bacteriochlorophylls with modified C-3 substituents at sites BA and BB

AbstractMonomeric bacteriochlorophylls BA and BB in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 were exchanged with (132-hydroxy-) bacteriochlorophylls containing a 3-vinyl- or 3-(α-hydroxyethyl)-substituent instead of the 3-acetyl group. The corresponding binding sites must be tolerant to the introduction of the polar residue at C-132and modifications of the 3-acetyl group. According to HPLC analysis, the exchange with both pigments amounts to ≦ 50% of the total BChl contained in the complex, corresponding to ≦ 100% of the monomeric BChl aBA,B. The absorption spectra show significant changes in the Qx and Qy-region of the monomeric bacteriochlorophylls. By contrast, the absorption of the primary donor (P870) and reversible photobleaching is retained. The circular dichroism is also unchanged in the 870 nm region. The positive cd band located at around 800 nm in native reaction centers, shifts with the (blue-shifted) Qy absorption(s) of BA and/or BB, whereas the position of the negative one remains nearly unaffected. The data indicate that the latter is the upper excitonic band of the primary donor, and that there is little interaction of the monomeric BA/BB with the primary donor
Chronic depression symptoms and salivary NOx are associated with retinal vascular dysregulation: The SABPA study

AbstractBackgroundDepression has been associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation and vascular dysregulation (VD). Whether depression and NO levels will disturb retinal haemodynamics is not clear.Objectives and methodsAssociations between the retinal vasculature, diastolic ocular perfusion pressure (DOPP) as measure of hypoperfusion, NO metabolites (NOx) and depression symptoms were assessed. Chronic VD risk markers [depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire/PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and 24 h pulse pressure] were determined in a bi-ethnic cohort (n = 313; 48.6 ± 9 years; 53.9% men). At 3 year follow-up, retinal vessel calibre and retinopathy signs were quantified from digital images. Salivary NOx was obtained pre- and post-flicker light-induced provocation (FLIP). DOPP was defined as diastolic blood pressure minus intraocular pressure.ResultsChronic VD risk was evident in Blacks opposed to acute risk in Whites (P < 0.05). At follow-up, retinopathy (Blacks 60.4%/Whites 39.6%), lower pre-FLIP (μM) and higher post-FLIP NOx (changes from baseline, %), arteriolar narrowing and wider venular calibre values were evident in Blacks compared to Whites, independent of confounders. A wider venular calibre, an index of stroke risk, was associated with chronic depression symptoms [cut point 248 MU: Area under the curve 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51, 0.72); 71% sensitivity; 55% specificity] as well as with hypoperfusion in the Blacks. In this group, arteriolar narrowing was associated with hypoperfusion; and attenuated arteriolar dilation with increased post-FLIP NOx responses.ConclusionsChronic depression symptoms may alter NO regulation and facilitate VD. NO-mediated vasoconstriction presumably impeded perfusion, retinal haemodynamics and –remodelling; potentiating stroke risk in Blacks
Regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring for predicting interventional outcomes in patients following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause: A prospective, observational, multicentre study

AbstractAimThis study investigated the value of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) monitoring upon arrival at the hospital for predicting post-cardiac arrest intervention outcomes.MethodsWe enrolled 1195 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac cause from the Japan-Prediction of Neurological Outcomes in Patients Post-cardiac Arrest Registry. The primary endpoint was a good neurologic outcome (cerebral performance categories 1 or 2 [CPC1/2]) 90 days post-event.ResultsA total of 68 patients (6%) had good neurologic outcomes. We found a mean rSO2 of 21%±13%. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated an optimal rSO2 cut-off of ≥40% for good neurologic outcomes (area under the curve 0.92, sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.96). Good neurologic outcomes were observed in 53% (55/103) and 1% (13/1092) of patients with high (≥40%) and low (<40%) rSO2, respectively. Even without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) upon arrival at the hospital, 30% (9/30) of patients with high rSO2 had good neurologic outcomes. Furthermore, 16 patients demonstrating ROSC upon arrival at the hospital and low rSO2 had poor neurologic outcomes. Multivariate analyses indicated that high rSO2 was independently associated with good neurologic outcomes (odds ratio=14.07, P<0.001). Patients with high rSO2 showed favourable neurologic prognoses if they had undergone therapeutic hypothermia or coronary angiography (CPC1/2, 69% [54/78]). However, 24% (25/103) of those with high rSO2 did not undergo these procedures and exhibited unfavourable neurologic prognoses (CPC1/2, 4% [1/25]).ConclusionrSO2 is a good indicator of 90-day neurologic outcomes for post-cardiac arrest intervention patients
Avoiding 40% of the premature deaths in each country, 2010–30: review of national mortality trends to help quantify the UN Sustainable Development Goal for health

SummaryBackgroundThe UN will formulate ambitious Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, including one for health. Feasible goals with some quantifiable, measurable targets can influence governments. We propose, as a quantitative health target, “Avoid in each country 40% of premature deaths (under-70 deaths that would be seen in the 2030 population at 2010 death rates), and improve health care at all ages”. Targeting overall mortality and improved health care ignores no modifiable cause of death, nor any cause of disability that is treatable (or also causes many deaths). 40% fewer premature deaths would be important in all countries, but implies very different priorities in different populations. Reinforcing this target for overall mortality in each country are four global subtargets for 2030: avoid two-thirds of child and maternal deaths; two-thirds of tuberculosis, HIV, and malaria deaths; a third of premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs); and a third of those from other causes (other communicable diseases, undernutrition, and injuries). These challenging subtargets would halve under-50 deaths, avoid a third of the (mainly NCD) deaths at ages 50–69 years, and so avoid 40% of under-70 deaths. To help assess feasibility, we review mortality rates and trends in the 25 most populous countries, in four country income groupings, and worldwide.MethodsUN sources yielded overall 1970–2010 mortality trends. WHO sources yielded cause-specific 2000–10 trends, standardised to country-specific 2030 populations; decreases per decade of 42% or 18% would yield 20-year reductions of two-thirds or a third.ResultsThroughout the world, except in countries where the effects of HIV or political disturbances predominated, mortality decreased substantially from 1970–2010, particularly in childhood. From 2000–10, under-70 age-standardised mortality rates decreased 19% (with the low-income and lower-middle-income countries having the greatest absolute gains). The proportional decreases per decade (2000–10) were: 34% at ages 0–4 years; 17% at ages 5–49 years; 15% at ages 50–69 years; 30% for communicable, perinatal, maternal, or nutritional causes; 14% for NCDs; and 13% for injuries (accident, suicide, or homicide).InterpretationModerate acceleration of the 2000–10 proportional decreases in mortality could be feasible, achieving the targeted 2030 disease-specific reductions of two-thirds or a third. If achieved, these reductions avoid about 10 million of the 20 million deaths at ages 0–49 years that would be seen in 2030 at 2010 death rates, and about 17 million of the 41 million such deaths at ages 0–69 years. Such changes could be achievable by 2030, or soon afterwards, at least in areas free of war, other major effects of political disruption, or a major new epidemic.FundingUK Medical Research Council, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, Centre for Global Health Research, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Fluctuations and deconfinement phase transition in nucleus–nucleus collisions

AbstractWe propose a method to experimentally study the equation of state of strongly interacting matter created at the early stage of nucleus–nucleus collisions. The method exploits the relation between relative entropy and energy fluctuations and equation of state. As a measurable quantity, the ratio of properly filtered multiplicity to energy fluctuations is proposed. Within a statistical approach to the early stage of nucleus–nucleus collisions, the fluctuation ratio manifests a non-monotonic collision energy dependence with a maximum in the domain where the onset of deconfinement occurs
Pathogenicity of Anti-ADAMTS13 Autoantibodies in Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

AbstractBackgroundAcquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an autoimmune disease in which anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies cause severe enzyme deficiency. ADAMTS13 deficiency causes the loss of regulation of von Willebrand factor multimeric size and platelet-tethering function, which results in the formation of disseminated microvascular platelet microthrombi. Precisely how anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies, or antibody subsets, cause ADAMTS13 deficiency (ADAMTS13 activity generally <10%) has not been formally investigated.MethodsWe analysed 92 acquired TTP episodes at presentation, through treatment and remission/relapse using epitope mapping and functional analyses to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of anti-ADAMTS13 IgG.Results89/92 of TTP episodes had IgG recognising the ADAMTS13 N-terminal domains. The central spacer domain was the only N-terminal antigenic target detected. 38/92 TTP episodes had autoantibodies recognising the N-terminal domains alone; 54/92 TTP episodes also had antibodies against the ADAMTS13 C-terminal domains (TSP2–8 and/or CUB domains). Changes in autoantibody specificity were detected in 9/16 patients at relapse, suggesting a continued development of the disease. Functional analyses on IgG from 43 patients revealed inhibitory IgG were limited to anti-spacer domain antibodies. However, 15/43 patients had autoantibodies with no detectable inhibitory action and as many as 32/43 patients had autoantibodies with inhibitory function that was insufficient to account for the severe deficiency state, suggesting that in many patients there is an alternative pathogenic mechanism. We therefore analysed plasma ADAMTS13 antigen levels in 91 acquired TTP presentation samples. We demonstrated markedly reduced ADAMTS13 antigen levels in all presentation samples, median 6% normal (range 0–47%), with 84/91 patients having <25% ADAMTS13 antigen. ADAMTS13 antigen in the lowest quartile at first presentation was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio 5.7).ConclusionsAnti-spacer domain autoantibodies are the major inhibitory antibodies in acquired TTP. However, depletion of ADAMTS13 antigen (rather than enzyme inhibition) is a dominant pathogenic mechanism. ADAMTS13 antigen levels at presentation have prognostic significance. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of acquired TTP