pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Non-regularity in Hölder and Sobolev spaces of solutions to the semilinear heat and Schrödinger equations

International audienceIn this paper we study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear heat and Schrödinger equations, with the nonlinear term f (u) = λ|u| α u. We show that low regularity of f (i.e., α > 0 but small) limits the regularity of any possible solution for a certain class of smooth initial data. We employ two different methods, which yield two different types of results. On the one hand, we consider the semilinear equation as a perturbation of the ODE wt = f (w). This yields in particular an optimal regularity result for the semilinear heat equation in Hölder spaces. In addition, this approach yields ill-posedness results for NLS in certain H s spaces, which depend on the smallness of α rather than the scaling properties of the equation. Our second method is to consider the semilinear equation as a perturbation of the linear equation via Duhamel's formula. This yields in particular that if α is sufficiently small and N sufficiently large, then the nonlinear heat equation is ill-posed in H s (R N) for all s ≥ 0
Ubiquitin and endocytic internalization in yeast and animal cells.

Endocytosis is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, and the internalization step of endocytosis has been extensively studied in both lower and higher eukaryotic cells. Studies in mammalian cells have described several endocytic pathways, with the main emphasis on clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Genetic studies in yeast have underlined the critical role of actin and actin-binding proteins, lipid modification, and the ubiquitin conjugation system. The combined results of studies of endocytosis in higher and lower eukaryotic cells reveal an interesting interplay in the two systems, including a crucial role for ubiquitin-associated events. The ubiquitylation of yeast cell-surface proteins clearly acts as a signal triggering their internalization. Mammalian cells display variations on the common theme of ubiquitin-linked endocytosis, according to the cell-surface protein considered. Many plasma membrane channels, transporters and receptors undergo cell-surface ubiquitylation, required for the internalization or later endocytic steps of some cell-surface proteins, whereas for others, internalization involves interaction with the ubiquitin conjugation system or with ancillary proteins, which are themselves ubiquitylated. Epsins and Eps15 (or Eps15 homologs), are commonly involved in the process of endocytosis in all eukaryotes, their critical role in this process stemming from their capacity to bind ubiquitin, and to undergo ubiquitylation
Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of the W+b-jets (W+b+X and W+b (b) over bar +X) production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1), collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b-jet for both the muon and electron decay modes of the W boson. The W+b-jets cross-section, corrected for all known detector effects, is quoted in a limited kinematic range. Combining the muon and electron channels, the fiducial cross-section for W+b-jets is measured to be 7.1 +/- 0.5 (stat) +/- 1.4 (syst) pb, consistent with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction, corrected for non-perturbative and double-parton interactions (DPI) contributions, of 4.70 +/- 0.09 (stat) (+0.60)(-0.49) (scale) +/- 0.06 (PDF) +/- 0.16 (non-pert) (+0.52)(-0.38) (DPI) pb
Socio-Emotional Support in French Hospitals: Effects on French Nurses' and Nurse Aides’ Affective Commitment

International audienceIn spite of the differences in Human Resource Management (HRM) practices between the non-profit health care sector and business life, the majority of health care sector research appears to be based on the HRM (for Human Resources Management) blueprint for business life staff policy and practice. This study is aimed to better understand the impact of workplace social support in the context of French hospitals. Concrete, the first objective of this article comprises a thorough conceptualization and operationalization of workplace social support (i.e. both professional and personal social support). Data were collected in a French hospital among a sample of 62 respondents (for the qualitative part of our study), and among a sample of 171 health care professionals (nurses and nurse aids) (for the quantitative part of our study). Our outcomes indicate that, especially, personal support given by one’s supervisor is strongly and positively related to nurses’ and nurse aides’ affective commitment. After a discussion about the outcomes, followed by some recommendations for future research, the article concludes with some practical implications for management in hospitals
Electro-coagulation coupled Electro-floatation process: Feasible choice in Doxycycline removal from Pharmaceutical effluents

Article CC-BYInternational audienceElectrochemical treatment involving a coupled coagulation and floatation was performed in the removal of Doxycycline Hyclate (DCH) from aqueous solutions. All the experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor of 1.5 L which contained aluminium electrodes as cathode and anode. The removal of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) species by EC/EF was determined as a function of electrolysis time, pH, current intensity, flow rate and DCH concentration. From the observed results, it was corroborated that the DCH removal through the EC/EF process was excellent. The effective contribution from initial pH (7.03) and current intensity (5.39 mA cm-2) was very much remarkable and well apparent from flocs of good buoyancy. The removal of DCH was inversely proportional to spacing between electrodes (SBE) and circulating flow rate in the presence of the supporting NaCl electrolyte of 1 g L-1. It was also highly promoted by the addition of NaCl in comparison to NaNO3 and KCl to the electrolytic system. The compliance of four kinetic models was verified with DCH removal system. The free energy values from DKR model suggested the nature of bonding by chemical forces. Characterization by FTIR, SEM and XRD interpreted the assignments of various functional groups, surface morphology and crystalline incorporated amorphous nature, respectively of electro – generated flocs. The current efficiency and specific electrical energy consumption at optimized conditions of the EC/EF system were calculate
Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The transverse momentum (pT) dependence of the nuclear modification factor RAA and the centrality dependence of the average transverse momentum hpTi for inclusive J/  have been measured with ALICE for Pb-Pb collisions at p sNN = 2.76TeV in the e+e− decay channel at mid-rapidity (|y| &lt; 0.8). The hpTi is significantly smaller than the one observed for pp collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy. Consistently, an increase of RAA is observed towards low pT. These observations might be indicative of a sizable contribution of charm quark coalescence to the J/  production. Additionally, the fraction of non-prompt J/  from beauty hadron decays, fB, has been determined in the region 1.5 &lt; pT &lt; 10 GeV/c in three centrality intervals. No significant centrality dependence of fB is observed. Finally, the RAA of non-prompt J/  is discussed and compared with model predictions. The nuclear modification in the region 4.5 &lt; pT &lt; 10 GeV/c is found to be stronger than predicted by most models
A neutron scattering study of strong symmetric hydrogen bonds in potassium and cesium hydrogen bistrifluoroacetates: Determination of the crystal structures and of the single-well potentials for protons

International audienceThe crystal structures of potassium and cesium bistrifluoroacetates, KH(CF$_3$COO)$_2$ and CsH(CF$_3$COO)$_2$, respectively, were determined at room and cryogenic temperatures with the single crystal neutron diffraction technique. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space groups, $I2/a$ and $A2/a$, respectively, and there is no evidence of any structural phase transition. In both crystals, trifluoroacetate entities in centrosymmetric dimers are linked by very short hydrogen bonds lying across a center of inversion. The thermal parameters provide no evidence of any double minimum potential for hydrogen bond protons. Single-minimum potentials were determined via best fitting to the inelastic neutron scattering spectral profiles of the stretching vibrations. They comprise a narrow well for the ground state and a very broad quasi-harmonic well for excited states. The spread out of the wave functions of these states shows that protons are no longer confined between the oxygens. Presumably, they are attracted by the lone-pairs of oxygen atoms. These potential emphasize the covalent nature of the OO bond and the ionic character of the hydrogen bond proton
Changes in dermal fibroblasts from Abcc6-/- mice are present before and after the onset of ectopic tissue mineralization

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in the ABCC6 gene, is characterized by progressive calcification of elastic fibers in the skin, eyes, and the cardiovascular system. The pathomechanism of the mineralization is still obscure. Several hypotheses have been proposed, one of them suggesting a role for fibroblasts in controlling the amount and the quality of the calcified extracellular matrix. This hypothesis raises the question whether changes in mesenchymal cells are the cause and/or the consequences of the calcification process. In this study, fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from Abcc6+/+ and Abcc6-/- mice of different ages to investigate parameters known to be associated with the phenotype of fibroblasts from PXE patients. Results demonstrate that a few changes (Ank and Opn downregulation) are already present before the occurrence of calcification.By contrast, a modification of other parameters (intracellularO2- content, Tnap activity, and Bmp2 upregulation) can be observed inAbcc6-/- mice after the onset of tissue mineralization.These data suggest that in the Abcc6 -/- genotype, dermal fibroblasts actively contribute to changes that promote matrix calcification and that these cells can be further modulated with time by the calcified environment, thus contributing to the age-dependent progression of the disease
A qualitative investigation exploring the motivational climate in early-career sports participants: coach, parent and peer influences on sport motivation

Objectives: The objectives of this research were a) to explore the applicability of 'motivational climate' research to early-career athletes under the age of twelve, b) to re-examine the concept of 'motivational climate' in the light of recent scientific developments, and c) to concurrently study the influences of coaches, parents and peers on athletic motivation. \ud
Design and Method: Using a qualitative design, 40 participants (7-11 years of age) from various sports were interviewed in focus groups, using a semi-structured format to investigate the roles played by coaches, parents, and peers in influencing athlete motivation. An inductive content analysis was conducted to determine which behaviours among these social agents influenced key motivational outcomes. \ud
Findings: The analysis indicated that young athletes experience a motivational climate which shows consistencies with existing models of motivation; suggesting this population is worthy of further study. The influences of coaches related most strongly to the manner in which they perform their roles of instruction and assessment, whereas parents’ influences were most salient in terms of the way they support the child’s participation and learning. Both parents and coaches exerted influences through their leadership styles, affective responses and pre-performance behaviours. Peers influenced participants’ motivation through competitive behaviours, collaborative behaviours, evaluative communications and through their social relationships. \ud
Conclusions: This study provides an insight into the motivational climate experienced by young athletes and helps to delineate the different roles of social agents in influencing their motivation at this early stage of development
Polydopamine-mediated immobilization of alginate lyase to prevent P. aeruginosa adhesion

Given alginate’s contribution to  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  virulence, it has long been considered a promising target for interventional therapies, which have been performed by using the enzyme alginate lyase. In this work, instead of treating pre-established mucoid bioﬁ lms, alginate lyase is immobilized onto a surface as a preventive measure against  P. aeruginosa  adhesion. A polydopamine dip-coating strategy is employed for functionalization of polycarbonate surfaces. Enzyme immobilization is conﬁ rmed by surface characterization. Surfaces functionalized with alginate lyase exhibit anti-adhesive properties, inhibiting the attachment of the mucoid strain. Moreover, surfaces modiﬁ ed with this enzyme also inhibit the adhesion of the tested non-mucoid strain. Unexpectedly, treatment with heat-inactivated enzyme also inhibits the attachment of mucoid and non-mucoid  P. aeruginosa  strains. These ﬁ ndings suggest that the antibacterial performance of alginate lyase functional coatings is catalysis-independent, highlighting the importance of further studies to better understand its mechanism of action against  P. aeruginosa  strains.T he authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684). This study was also supported by FCT and the European Community fund FEDER, through Program COMPETE, under the scope of the Projects “PTDC/SAU-SAP/113196/2009” (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-016012) and “RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012” (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462). The authors also acknowledge Dr. Margarida Martins from 3B’s Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas/Guimarãe s, Portugal) for kindly providing the isolated strains which were obtained under the scope of the project “Insights into peritoneal dialysis catheter associated bioﬁ lms” funded by the Portuguese Society of Nephrology to Dr. Anabela Rodrigues. The authors also acknowledge the Ph.D. Grant of Diana Alves (SFRH/BD/78063/2011). T.S.S. was funded by a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship (Grant No. GRFP 2011124091), the Ryan Fellowship of Northwestern University, and NIH grant R37 DE014193 to P.B.M
Coherent monochromatic phonons in highly purified semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes

We have used a femtosecond pump-probe impulsive Raman technique to explore the polarization dependence of coherent optical phonons in highly purified and aligned semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Coherent phonon spectra for the radial breathing modes (RBMs) exhibit a different monochromatic frequency between the film and solution samples, indicating the presence of differing exciton excitation processes. By varying the polarization of the incident pump beam on the aligned SWCNT film, we found that the anisotropy of the coherent RBM excitation depends on the laser wavelength, which we consider to be associated with the resonant and off-resonant behavior of RBM excitation
A cell polarity protein aPKCλ is required for eye lens formation and growth.

The organisation of individual cells into a functional three-dimensional tissue is still a major question in developmental biology. Modulation of epithelial cell shape is a critical driving force in forming tissues. This is well illustrated in the eye lens where epithelial cells elongate extensively during their differentiation into fibre cells. It is at the lens equator that epithelial cells elongate along their apical–basal axis. During this process the elongating epithelial cells and their earliest fibre cell derivatives remain anchored at their apical tips, forming a discrete region or modiolus, which we term the lens fulcrum. How this is achieved has received scant attention and is little understood. Here, we show that conditional depletion of aPKCλ, a central effector of the PAR polarity complex, disrupts the apical junctions in elongating epithelial cells so that the lens fulcrum fails to form. This results in disorganised fibre cell alignment that then causes cataract. Interestingly, aPKCλ depletion also promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition of the lens epithelial cells, reducing their proliferation, leading ultimately to a small lens and microphthalmia. These observations indicate that aPKCλ, a regulator of polarity and apical junctions, is required for development of a lens that is the correct size and shape
Decision making under uncertainty using imprecise probabilities.

Various ways for decision making with imprecise probabilities—admissibility, maximal expected utility, maximality, E-admissibility, Gamma-maximax, Gamma-maximin, all of which are well known from the literature—are discussed and compared. We generalise a well-known sufficient condition for existence of optimal decisions. A simple numerical example shows how these criteria can work in practice, and demonstrates their differences. Finally, we suggest an efficient approach to calculate optimal decisions under these decision criteria
Measurements of charge and CP asymmetries in $b$-hadron decays using
  top-quark events collected by the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at
  $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

Same- and opposite-sign charge asymmetries are measured in lepton+jets
$t\bar{t}$ events in which a $b$-hadron decays semileptonically to a soft muon,
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ from
proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV
collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The
charge asymmetries are based on the charge of the lepton from the top-quark
decay and the charge of the soft muon from the semileptonic decay of a
$b$-hadron and are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the
experimental acceptance. Four CP asymmetries (one mixing and three direct) are
measured and are found to be compatible with zero and consistent with the
Standard Model.Comment: 47 pages in total, author list starting page 31, 4 figures, 7 tables,
  submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2016-07
Multiscale modeling of the elastic behavior of architectured and
  nanostructured Cu-Nb composite wires

Nanostructured and architectured copper niobium composite wires are excellent
candidates for the generation of intense pulsed magnetic fields (>90T) as they
combine both high strength and high electrical conductivity. Multi-scaled Cu-Nb
wires are fabricated by accumulative drawing and bundling (a severe plastic
deformation technique), leading to a multiscale, architectured, and
nanostructured microstructure exhibiting a strong fiber crystallographic
texture and elongated grain shapes along the wire axis. This paper presents a
comprehensive study of the effective elastic behavior of this composite
material by three multi-scale models accounting for different microstructural
contents: two mean-field models and a full-field finite element model. As the
specimens exhibit many characteristic scales, several scale transition steps
are carried out iteratively from the grain scale to the macro-scale. The
general agreement among the model responses allows suggesting the best strategy
to estimate the effective behavior of Cu-Nb wires and save computational time.
The importance of crystallographical and morphological textures in various
cases is discussed. Finally, the models are validated by available experimental
data with a good agreement.Comment: This paper has been published on 6 May 2017 in "International Journal
  of Solids and Structures
Protection of cells from salinity stress by extracellular polymeric substances in diatom biofilms

© 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis. Diatom biofilms are abundant in the marine environment. It is assumed (but untested) that extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), produced by diatoms, enable cells to cope with fluctuating salinity. To determine the protective role of EPS, Cylindrotheca closterium was grown in xanthan gum at salinities of 35, 50, 70 and 90 ppt. A xanthan matrix significantly increased cell viability (determined by SYTOX-Green), growth rate and population density by up to 300, 2,300 and 200%, respectively. Diatoms grown in 0.75% w/v xanthan, subjected to acute salinity shock treatments (at salinities 17.5, 50, 70 and 90 ppt) maintained photosynthetic capacity, Fq′/Fm′, within 4% of pre-shock values, whereas Fq′/Fm′ in cells grown without xanthan declined by up to 64% with hypersaline shock. Biofilms that developed in xanthan at standard salinity helped cells to maintain function during salinity shock. These results provide evidence of the benefits of living in an EPS matrix for biofilm diatoms