pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for collectivity with azimuthal J/ψ-hadron correlations in high multiplicity p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02and 8.16TeV

We present a measurement of azimuthal correlations between inclusive J/ψand charged hadrons in p–Pbcollisions recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The J/ψare reconstructed at forward (p-going, 2.03 <y <3.53) and backward (Pb-going, −4.46 <y <−2.96) rapidity via their μ+μ−decay channel, while the charged hadrons are reconstructed at mid-rapidity (|η| <1.8). The correlations are ex-pressed in terms of associated charged-hadron yields per J/ψtrigger. Arapidity gap of at least 1.5 units is required between the trigger J/ψand the associated charged hadrons. Possible correlations due to collec-tive effects are assessed by subtracting the associated per-trigger yields in the low-multiplicity collisions from those in the high-multiplicity collisions. After the subtraction, we observe a strong indication of re-maining symmetric structures at ϕ≈0and ϕ≈π, similar to those previously found in two-particle correlations at middle and forward rapidity. The corresponding second-order Fourier coefficient (v2) in the transverse momentum interval between 3 and 6GeV/cis found to be positive with a significance of about 5σ. The obtained results are similar to the J/ψv2coefficients measured in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02TeV, suggesting a common mechanism at the origin of the J/ψv2
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton+jets final state

A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks (t* t*-bar), each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns, show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t* quark in an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2 excited top quark performed at the LHC
Study of nuclear correlation effects via 12C(p,n)12N(g.s.,1+) at 296 MeV

We report measurements of the cross section and a complete set of
polarization observables for the Gamow--Teller ${}^{12}{\rm
C}(\vec{p},\vec{n}){}^{12}{\rm N}({\rm g.s.},1^+)$ reaction at a bombarding
energy of 296 MeV.
  The data are compared with distorted wave impulse approximation calculations
employing transition form factors normalized to reproduce the observed
beta-decay $ft$ value.
  The cross section is significantly under-predicted by the calculations at
momentum transfers $q \gtrsim $ 0.5 ${\rm fm^{-1}}$.
  The discrepancy is partly resolved by considering the non-locality of the
nuclear mean field. However, the calculations still under-predict the cross
section at large momentum transfers of $q$ $\simeq$ 1.6 ${\rm fm^{-1}}$.
  We also performed calculations employing random phase approximation response
functions and found that the observed enhancement can be attributed in part to
pionic correlations in nuclei.Comment: 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Affordability of cancer care in the United Kingdom: is it time to introduce user charges?

Context:- In high income countries the costs of delivering high quality equitable care are outstripping present budgets. This article reviews the affordability of cancer care in these countries with particular reference to the United Kingdom (U.K.). The question remains as to whether patients should contribute to their cancer treatment through the introduction of user charges, and whether such payments can be assimilated without undermining efficiency and equity of health care access.  Methods:- In our review we analyse the drivers of increased cancer care utilisation, the current policies designed to control rising costs, and the potential impact of introducing patient user charges. The article also explores whether our understanding of behavioural economics could be used to create “nudge” policies that drive rational health care consumption. Findings:- The costs of cancer care in the U.K. are increasing at an unprecedented rate, driven by demographic changes, innovation (radiotherapy, drugs and imaging) and consumerism within health care. Budgets are tightly constrained and health technology assessments designed to ensure coverage of high value interventions have come under significant public and political scrutiny. User charges potentially provide a framework to “nudge” patients from low value care of limited effectiveness towards high value cost effective treatment, thereby increasing overall efficiency. However supply side controls are equally relevant with greater focus on physician test ordering, and improving the quality of doctor–patient communication, especially when discussing treatment options towards the end of life. Conclusions:- Fiscal sustainability of health care financing remains a key public policy concern. Attempts at ensuring coverage of cost effective treatments have been continuously challenged and without new policies, sustainability trade-offs may be necessary with potential rationing of high value treatments. User charges provide a potential means of sustaining spending proportional to the projected rise in number of cancer cases, whilst embracing technological innovations which could potentially improve outcomes
D = 4 chiral string compactifications from intersecting branes.

Intersecting Dp -branes often give rise to chiral fermions living on their intersections. We study the construction of four-dimensional chiralgauge theories by considering configurations of type II D(3+n) -branes wrapped on nontrivial n -cycles on T 2n ×(R 2(3−n) /Z N ),  for n=1, 2, 3.  The gauge theories on the four noncompact dimensions of the brane world-volume are generically chiral and nonsupersymmetric. We analyze consistency conditions (RR tadpole cancellation) for these models, and their relation to four-dimensional anomaly cancellation. Cancellation of U(1)  gauge anomalies involves a Green–Schwarz mechanism mediated by RR partners of untwisted and/or twisted moduli. This class of models is of potential phenomenological interest, and we construct explicit examples of SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)  three-generation models. The models are nonsupersymmetric, but the string scale may be lowered close to the weak scale so that the standard hierarchy problem is avoided. We also comment on the presence of scalar tachyons and possible ways to avoid the associated instabilities. We discuss the existence of (meta)stable configurations of D-branes on 3-cycles in (T 2 ) 3 ,  free of tachyons for certain ranges of the six-torus moduli.\u
Population-based estimates of the prevalence of FMR1 expansion mutations in women with early menopause and primary ovarian insufficiency.

addresses: University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter St Luke's, Exeter, UK.This is a freely-available open access publication. Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.Purpose:Primary ovarian insufficiency before the age of 40 years affects 1% of the female population and is characterized by permanent cessation of menstruation. Genetic causes include FMR1 expansion mutations. Previous studies have estimated mutation prevalence in clinical referrals for primary ovarian insufficiency, but these are likely to be biased as compared with cases in the general population. The prevalence of FMR1 expansion mutations in early menopause (between the ages of 40 and 45 years) has not been published.Methods:We studied FMR1 CGG repeat number in more than 2,000 women from the Breakthrough Generations Study who underwent menopause before the age of 46 years. We determined the prevalence of premutation (55-200 CGG repeats) and intermediate (45-54 CGG repeats) alleles in women with primary ovarian insufficiency (n = 254) and early menopause (n = 1,881).Results:The prevalence of the premutation was 2.0% in primary ovarian insufficiency, 0.7% in early menopause, and 0.4% in controls, corresponding to odds ratios of 5.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.7-17.4; P = 0.004) for primary ovarian insufficiency and 2.0 (95% confidence interval = 0.8-5.1; P = 0.12) for early menopause. Combining primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause gave an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 1.02-5.8; P = 0.04). Intermediate alleles were not significant risk factors for either early menopause or primary ovarian insufficiency.Conclusion:FMR1 premutations are not as prevalent in women with ovarian insufficiency as previous estimates have suggested, but they still represent a substantial cause of primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause.Genet Med advance online publication 23 May 2013Genetics in Medicine (2013); doi:10.1038/gim.2013.64.Breakthrough Breast CancerThe Institute of Cancer ResearchSir John Fisher FoundationWellcome Trus
K0s K0s Final State in Two-Photon Collisions and Implications for
  Glueballs

The K0s K0s final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3
detector at LEP. The mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the
f_2'(1525) tensor meson in the helicity-two state with a two-photon width times
the branching ratio into K Kbar of 76 +- 6 +- 11 eV. A clear signal for the
formation of the f_J(1710) is observed and it is found to be dominated by the
spin-two helicity-two state. No resonance is observed in the mass region around
2.2 GeV and an upper limit of 1.4 eV at 95% C.L. is derived for the two-photon
width times the branching ratio into K0s K0s for the glueball candidate
xi(2230)
Boost Invariance and Multiplicity Dependence of the Charge Balance
  Functionin $\pi^{+}p$ and $K^{+}p$ Collisions at $\sqrt s= 22$ GeV/c

Boost invariance and multiplicity dependence of the charge balance function
are studied in $\pi^{+}\rp$ and $\rK^{+}\rp$ collisions at 250 GeV/$c$ incident
beam momentum. Charge balance, as well as charge fluctuations, are found to be
boost invariant over the whole rapidity region, but both depend on the size of
the rapidity window. It is also found that the balance function becomes
narrower with increasing multiplicity, consistent with the narrowing of the
balance function when centrality and/or system size increase, as observed in
current relativistic heavy ion experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Revte
Can the pomeron be derived from a Euclidean-Minkowskian duality?

After a brief review, in the first part, of some relevant analyticity and
crossing-symmetry properties of the correlation functions of two Wilson loops
in QCD, when going from Euclidean to Minkowskian theory, in the second part we
shall see how these properties can be related to the still unsolved problem of
the asymptotic s-dependence of the hadron-hadron total cross sections. In
particular, we critically discuss the question if (and how) a pomeron-like
behaviour can be derived from this Euclidean-Minkowskian duality.Comment: Completely revised version; 21 pages + 3 figure
Monojet versus rest of the world I: t-channel Models

Monojet searches using Effective Field Theory (EFT) operators are usually
interpreted as a robust and model independent constraint on direct detection
(DD) scattering cross-sections. At the same time, a mediator particle must be
present to produce the dark matter (DM) at the LHC. This mediator particle may
be produced on shell, so that direct searches for the mediating particle can
constrain the effective operator being applied to monojet constraints. In this
first paper, we do a case study on t-channel models in monojet searches, where
the (Standard Model singlet) DM is pair produced via a t-channel mediating
particle, whose supersymmetric analogue is the squark. We compare monojet
constraints to direct constraints on single or pair production of the mediator
from multi-jets plus missing energy searches and we identify the regions where
the latter dominate over the former. We show that computing bounds using
supersymmetric simplified models and in the narrow width approximation, as done
in previous work in the literature, misses important quantitative effects. We
perform a full event simulation and statistical analysis, and we compute the
effects of both on- and off-shell production of the mediating particle, showing
that for both the monojet and multi-jets plus missing energy searches,
previously derived bounds provided more conservative bounds than what can be
extracted by including all relevant processes in the simulation. Monojets and
searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) provide comparable bounds on a wide range of
the parameter space, with SUSY searches usually providing stronger bounds,
except in the regions where the DM particle and the mediator are very mass
degenerate. The EFT approximation rarely is able to reproduce the actual
limits. In a second paper to follow, we consider the case of s-channel
mediators.Comment: 22 pages + appendices, 10 figure
Capture Probability in the 3:1 Mean Motion Resonance with Jupiter

We study the capture and crossing probabilities into the 3:1 mean motion
resonance with Jupiter for a small asteroid that migrates from the inner to the
middle Main Belt under the action of the Yarkovsky effect. We use an algebraic
mapping of the averaged planar restricted three-body problem based on the
symplectic mapping of Hadjidemetriou (1993), adding the secular variations of
the orbit of Jupiter and non-symplectic terms to simulate the migration. We
found that, for fast migration rates, the captures occur at discrete windows of
initial eccentricities whose specific locations depend on the initial resonant
angles, indicating that the capture phenomenon is not probabilistic. For slow
migration rates, these windows become narrower and start to accumulate at low
eccentricities, generating a region of mutual overlap where the capture
probability tends to 100%, in agreement with the theoretical predictions for
the adiabatic regime. Our simulations allow to predict the capture
probabilities in both the adiabatic and non-adiabatic cases, in good agreement
with results of Gomes (1995) and Quillen (2006). We apply our model to the case
of the Vesta asteroid family in the same context as Roig et al. (2008), and
found results indicating that the high capture probability of Vesta family
members into the 3:1 mean motion resonance is basically governed by the
eccentricity of Jupiter and its secular variations
The X-CLASS - redMaPPer galaxy cluster comparison: I. Identification
  procedures

We performed a detailed and, for a large part interactive, analysis of the
matching output between the X-CLASS and redMaPPer cluster catalogues. The
overlap between the two catalogues has been accurately determined and possible
cluster positional errors were manually recovered. The final samples comprise
270 and 355 redMaPPer and X-CLASS clusters respectively. X-ray cluster matching
rates were analysed as a function of optical richness. In a second step, the
redMaPPer clusters were correlated with the entire X-ray catalogue, containing
point and uncharacterised sources (down to a few 10^{-15} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} in
the [0.5-2] keV band). A stacking analysis was performed for the remaining
undetected optical clusters. Main results show that neither of the wavebands
misses any massive cluster (as coded by X-ray luminosity or optical richness).
After correcting for obvious pipeline short-comings (about 10% of the cases
both in optical and X-ray), ~50% of the redMaPPer (down to a richness of 20)
are found to coincide with an X-CLASS cluster; when considering X-ray sources
of any type, this fraction increases to ~ 80%; for the remaining objects, the
stacking analysis finds a weak signal within 0.5 Mpc around the cluster optical
centers. The fraction of clusters totally dominated by AGN-type emission
appears to be of the order of a few percent. Conversely ~ 40% of the X-CLASS
clusters are identified with a redMaPPer (down to a richness of 20) - part of
the non-matches being due to the fact that the X-CLASS sample extends further
out than redMaPPer (z<1 vs z<0.6); extending the correlation down to a richness
of 5, raises the matching rate to ~ 65%.Comment: 15 pages, 20 figures, 2 table
Cold Black Holes in the Harlow-Hayden Approach to Firewalls

Firewalls are controversial principally because they seem to imply departures
from general relativistic expectations in regions of spacetime where the
curvature need not be particularly large. One of the virtues of the
Harlow-Hayden approach to the firewall paradox, concerning the time available
for decoding of Hawking radiation emanating from charged AdS black holes, is
precisely that it operates in the context of cold black holes, which are not
strongly curved outside the event horizon. Here we clarify this point. The
approach is based on ideas borrowed from applications of the AdS/CFT
correspondence to the quark-gluon plasma. Firewalls aside, our work presents a
detailed analysis of the thermodynamics and evolution of evaporating charged
AdS black holes with flat event horizons. We show that, in one way or another,
these black holes are always eventually destroyed in a time which, while long
by normal standards, is short relative to the decoding time of Hawking
radiation.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, fixed some typos and slow loading of Fig.3;
  version accepted by Nucl. Phys.
"TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region X. Analysis of
  classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations

The classical Kuiper belt contains objects both from a low-inclination,
presumably primordial, distribution and from a high-inclination dynamically
excited population. Based on a sample of classical TNOs with observations at
thermal wavelengths we determine radiometric sizes, geometric albedos and
thermal beaming factors as well as study sample properties of dynamically hot
and cold classicals. Observations near the thermal peak of TNOs using infra-red
space telescopes are combined with optical magnitudes using the radiometric
technique with near-Earth asteroid thermal model (NEATM). We have determined
three-band flux densities from Herschel/PACS observations at 70.0, 100.0 and
160.0 $\mu$m and Spitzer/MIPS at 23.68 and 71.42 $\mu$m when available. We have
analysed 18 classical TNOs with previously unpublished data and re-analysed
previously published targets with updated data reduction to determine their
sizes and geometric albedos as well as beaming factors when data quality
allows. We have combined these samples with classical TNOs with radiometric
results in the literature for the analysis of sample properties of a total of
44 objects. We find a median geometric albedo for cold classical TNOs of 0.14
and for dynamically hot classical TNOs, excluding the Haumea family and dwarf
planets, 0.085. We have determined the bulk densities of Borasisi-Pabu (2.1
g/cm^3), Varda-Ilmare (1.25 g/cm^3) and 2001 QC298 (1.14 g/cm^3) as well as
updated previous density estimates of four targets. We have determined the
slope parameter of the debiased cumulative size distribution of dynamically hot
classical TNOs as q=2.3 +- 0.1 in the diameter range 100<D<500 km. For
dynamically cold classical TNOs we determine q=5.1 +- 1.1 in the diameter range
160<D<280 km as the cold classical TNOs have a smaller maximum size.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures Accepted to be published in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Long term variation of the solar diurnal anisotropy of galactic cosmic
  rays observed with the Nagoya multi-directional muon detector

We analyze the three dimensional anisotropy of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR)
intensities observed independently with a muon detector at Nagoya in Japan and
neutron monitors over four solar activity cycles. We clearly see the phase of
the free-space diurnal anisotropy shifting toward earlier hours around solar
activity minima in A>0 epochs, due to the reduced anisotropy component parallel
to the mean magnetic field. The average parallel component is consistent with a
rigidity independent spectrum, while the perpendicular component increases with
GCR rigidity. We suggest that this harder spectrum of the perpendicular
component is due to contribution from the drift streaming. We find that the
bidirectional latitudinal density gradient is positive in A>0 epoch, while it
is negative in A<0 epoch, in accord with the drift model prediction. The radial
density gradient, on the other hand, varies with ~11-year cycle with maxima
(minima) in solar maximum (minimum) periods, but there is no significant
difference seen between average radial gradients in A>0 and A<0 epochs. The
average parallel mean free path is larger in A<0 than in A>0. We also find,
however, that parallel mean free path (radial gradient) appears to persistently
increase (decreasing) in the last three cycles of weakening solar activity. We
suggest that simple differences between these parameters in A>0 and A<0 epochs
are seriously biased by these long-term trends.Comment: accepted for the publication in the Astrophysical Journa
Bi-maximal neutrino mixings and proton decay in $SO(10)$ with anomalous flavor ${\cal U}(1)$

By supplementing supersymmetric SO(10) with an anomalous ${\cal U}(1)$ flavor symmetry and additional `matter' superfields carrying suitable ${\cal U}(1)$ charges, we explain the charged fermion mass hierarchies, the magnitudes of the CKM matrix elements, as well as the solar and atmospheric neutrino data. We stress bi-maximal vacuum neutrino mixings, and indicate how the small or large mixing angle MSW solution can be incorporated. The ${\cal U}(1)$ symmetry also implies that $\tau_{p\to K\nu}[SO(10)]\sim (10-100)\cdot \tau_{p\to K\nu}[{\rm minimal}~SU(5)]$
A search for $Z'$ in muon neutrino associated charm production

In many extensions of the Standard Model the presence of an extra neutral boson, $Z^{\prime}$, is invoked. A precision study of weak neutral-current exchange processes involving only second generation fermions is still missing. We propose a search for $Z^{\prime}$ in muon neutrino associated charm production. This process only involves $Z^{\prime}$ couplings with fermions from the second generation. An experimental method is thoroughly described using an {\it ideal detector}. As an application, the accuracy reachable with present and future experiments has been estimated
$K^{0}_{S} K^{0}_{S}$ Final State in Two-Photon Collisions and Implications for Glueballs

The $\mbox{K}^0_{\rm S}\mbox{K}^0_{\rm S}$ final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the $f'_{2}$(1525) tensor meson in the helicity-two state with a two-photon width times the branching ratio into $\rm K\bar{K}$ of $76 \pm\, 6 \pm\, 11\, {\rm eV}$. A clear signal for the formation of the f$_{\rm J}$(1710) is observed and it is found to be dominated by the spin-two helicity-two state. No resonance is observed in the mass region around $2.2 \,{\rm GeV}$ and an upper limit of $1.4 \,{\rm eV}$ at 95\% C.L. is derived for the two-photon width times the branching ratio into $\mbox{K}^0_{\rm S}\mbox{K}^0_{\rm S}$ for the glueball candidate $\xi(2230)$
Superconformal Fixed Points with E_n Global Symmetry

We obtain the elliptic curve and the Seiberg-Witten differential for an $N=2$
superconformal field theory which has an $E_8$ global symmetry at the strong
coupling point $\tau=e^{\pi i/3}$. The differential has 120 poles corresponding
to half the charged states in the fundamental representation of $E_8$, with the
other half living on the other sheet. Using this theory, we flow down to $E_7$,
$E_6$ and $D_4$. A new feature is a $\lambda_{SW}$ for these theories based on
their adjoint representations. We argue that these theories have different
physics than those with $\lambda_{SW}$ built from the fundamental
representations.Comment: 23 pages, harvmac (b), Mathematica file available at
  http://physics.usc.edu/~minahan/Math/e8.m