pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effect of thermal inhomogeneity for terahertz radiation from intrinsic Josephson junction stacks of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

Terahertz radiation from the mesa structures of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ is detected in samples with thin electrodes <100 nm. In samples with thick electrodes ≃ 400 nm, neither radiations nor voltage jumps in current-voltage characteristics are detected. This suggests that the thin electrode helps excite the Josephson plasma oscillation as a result of the poor heat flow through the electrode. The shielding effect by the electrode is not essential. We consider that the local temperature rise is the origin of the synchronization of the phase kink for terahertz radiation
Performance of jet substructure techniques for large-R jets in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2013.9 (2013): 076 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThis paper presents the application of a variety of techniques to study jet substructure. The performance of various modified jet algorithms, or jet grooming techniques, for several jet types and event topologies is investigated for jets with transverse momentum larger than 300 GeV. Properties of jets subjected to the mass-drop filtering, trimming, and pruning algorithms are found to have a reduced sensitivity to multiple proton-proton interactions, are more stable at high luminosity and improve the physics potential of searches for heavy boosted objects. Studies of the expected discrimination power of jet mass and jet substructure observables in searches for new physics are also presented. Event samples enriched in boosted W and Z bosons and top-quark pairs are used to study both the individual jet invariant mass scales and the efficacy of algorithms to tag boosted hadronic objects. The analyses presented use the full 2011 ATLAS dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 ± 0.1 fb-1 from proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=7 Te
Investigation on the Phosphorus Interstitials in Phosphorus Implanted Copper Indium Disulfide by a Simplified Total Energy Calculation

[[abstract]]This paper presents a simplified total energy calculation for the phosphorus interstitials in P+-implanted CuInS2. The calculation was based on the tight-binding approximation and the atomic structure calculation scheme. Two types of interstitials were considered. One involved P and S2-, the other involved P3+ and S3-. Results showed that the latter would be more possible than the former, which confirms the results of the authors' previous electron paramagnetic resonance study on the p-type doping of P+-implanted[[fileno]]2030170010056[[department]]電機工程學
Decarbonised coal energy system advancement through CO2 utilisation and polygeneration

Development of clean coal technology is highly envisaged to mitigate the CO2 emission level whilst meeting the rising global energy demands which require highly efficient and economically compelling technology. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) system is highly efficient and cleaner compared to the conventional coal-fired power plant. In this study, an alternative process scheme for IGCC system has been proposed, which encompasses the reuse of CO2 from the flue gas of gas turbine into syngas generation, followed by methanol synthesis. The thermodynamic efficiency and economic potential are evaluated and compared for these two systems. The performances of the systems have been enhanced through systematic energy integration strategies. It has been found that the thermodynamic and economic feasibilities have attained significant improvement through the realisation of a suitably balanced polygeneration scheme. The economic potential can be enhanced from negative impact to 317 M€/y (3.6 €/GJ). The results have demonstrated promising prospects of employing CO2 reuse technology into IGCC system, as an alternative to CCS system
Optical absorption and thermoluminescence studies in 100MeV swift heavy ion irradiated CaF 2 crystals

Pure and Ytterbium (Yb) doped Calcium fluoride (CaF2) single crystals were irradiated with 100 MeV Ni7+ ions for fluences in the range 5 × 1011–2.5 × 1013 ions cm−2. The irradiated crystals were characterized by Optical absorption (OA) and Thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. The OA spectra of ion irradiated pure CaF2 crystals showed a broad absorption with peak at ∼556 nm and a weak one at ∼220 nm, whereas the Yb doped crystals showed two strong absorption bands at ∼300 and 550 nm. From the study of OA spectra, the defect centers responsible for the absorption were identified. TL measurements of Ni7+ ion irradiated pure CaF2 samples indicated a strong TL glow with peak at ∼510 K. However, the Yb doped crystals showed two TL glows at ∼406 and 496 K. The OA and TL intensity were found to increase with increase of ion fluence upto 1 × 1013 ions cm−2 and thereafter it decreased with further increase of fluence. The results obtained are discussed in detail
$\lambda$-deformations of left-right asymmetric CFTs

We compute the all-loop anomalous dimensions of current and primary field
operators in deformed current algebra theories based on a general semi-simple
group, but with different (large) levels for the left and right sectors. These
theories, unlike their equal level counterparts, possess a new non-trivial
fixed point in the IR. By computing the exact in $\lambda$ two- and three-point
functions for these operators we deduce their OPEs and their equal-time
commutators. Using these we argue on the nature of the CFT at the IR fixed
point. The associated to the currents Poisson brackets are a two-parameter
deformation of the canonical structure of the isotropic PCM.Comment: 1+27 pages, Latex, v2: Correcting a typo in Eqs. (3.1), (3.2
Uncoupling protein-2 attenuates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1E insulinoma cells by lowering mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.

Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by pancreatic β cells is regulated by mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), but opposing phenotypes, GSIS improvement and impairment, have been reported for different Ucp2-ablated mouse models. By measuring mitochondrial bioenergetics in attached INS-1E insulinoma cells with and without UCP2, we show that UCP2 contributes to proton leak and attenuates glucose-induced rises in both respiratory activity and the coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Strikingly, the GSIS improvement seen upon UCP2 knockdown in INS-1E cells is annulled completely by the cell-permeative antioxidant MnTMPyP. Consistent with this observation, UCP2 lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species at high glucose levels. We conclude that UCP2 plays both regulatory and protective roles in β cells by acutely lowering GSIS and chronically preventing oxidative stress. Our findings thus provide a mechanistic explanation for the apparently discrepant findings in the field
Stated preferences based estimation of power interruption costs in private households : an example from Germany

Concerns regarding supply security are increasingly raised in reaction to the transition of the German energy system toward a renewable and nuclear-free system called “Energiewende”. The goal of this work is to contribute to a measurability of supply security by quantifying the consequences of power interruptions monetarily. The focus lies within the investigation of power interruption costs in private households. An online survey with 859 participants in 2011 is used to gather the necessary data. Based on this data, a two-staged bottom-up regression model was estimated to describe interruption costs for durations of 15 min, 1 h, 4 h, 1 day and 4 days. Finally, micro-data from 55,000 households were used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to increase the representativeness of the estimations. The frequency distributions of the estimated interruption costs indicate potentials for load-shedding measures. Such measures could be an economically viable contribution to a successful integration of large shares of renewable fluctuating generation like wind or solar power
Phases of kinky holographic nuclear matter.

Holographic QCD at finite baryon number density and zero temperature is studied within the five-dimensional Sakai-Sugimoto model. We introduce a new approximation that models a smeared crystal of solitonic baryons by assuming spatial homogeneity to obtain an effective kink theory in the holographic direction. The kink theory correctly reproduces a first order phase transition to lightly bound nuclear matter. As the density is further increased the kink splits into a pair of half-kink constituents, providing a concrete realization of the previously suggested dyonic salt phase, where the bulk soliton splits into constituents at high density. The kink model also captures the phenomenon of baryonic popcorn, in which a first order phase transition generates an additional soliton layer in the holographic direction. We find that this popcorn transition takes place at a density below the dyonic salt phase, making the latter energetically unfavourable. However, the kink model predicts only one pop, rather than the sequence of pops suggested by previous approximations. In the kink model the two layers produced by the single pop form the surface of a soliton bag that increases in size as the baryon chemical potential is increased. The interior of the bag is filled with abelian electric potential and the instanton charge density is localized on the surface of the bag. The soliton bag may provide a holographic description of a quarkyonic phase
Requirements for global elimination of hepatitis B: a modelling study.

Background Despite the existence of effective prevention and treatment interventions, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to cause nearly 1 million deaths each year. WHO aspires to global control and elimination of HBV infection. We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of public health interventions against HBV, propose targets for reducing incidence and mortality, and identify the key developments required to achieve them. Methods We developed a simulation model of the global HBV epidemic, incorporating data on the natural history of HBV, prevalence, mortality, vaccine coverage, treatment dynamics, and demographics. We estimate the impact of current interventions and scaling up of existing interventions for prevention of infection and introducing wide-scale population screening and treatment interventions on the worldwide epidemic. Findings Vaccination of infants and neonates is already driving a large decrease in new infections; vaccination has already prevented 210 million new chronic infections by 2015 and will have averted 1·1 million deaths by 2030. However, without scale-up of existing interventions, our model showed that there will be a cumulative 63 million new cases of chronic infection and 17 million HBV-related deaths between 2015 and 2030 because of ongoing transmission in some regions and poor access to treatment for people already infected. A target of a 90% reduction in new chronic infections and 65% reduction in mortality could be achieved by scaling up the coverage of infant vaccination (to 90% of infants), birth-dose vaccination (to 80% of neonates), use of peripartum antivirals (to 80% of hepatitis B e antigen-positive mothers), and population-wide testing and treatment (to 80% of eligible people). These interventions would avert 7·3 million deaths between 2015 and 2030, including 1·5 million cases of cancer deaths. An elimination threshold for incidence of new chronic infections would be reached by 2090 worldwide. The annual cost would peak at US$7·5 billion worldwide ($3·4 billion in low-income and lower-middle-income countries), but decrease rapidly and this would be accelerated if a cure is developed. Interpretation Scale-up of vaccination coverage, innovations in scalable options for prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and ambitious population-wide testing and treatment are needed to eliminate HBV as a major public health threat. Achievement of these targets could make a major contribution to one of the Sustainable Development Goals of combating hepatitis
Of malicious motes and suspicious sensors

How efficiently can a malicious device disrupt a single-hop wireless network? Imagine two honest players attempting to exchange information in the presence of a malicious adversary that can disrupt communication by jamming or overwriting messages. Assume the adversary has a broadcast budget of β—unknown to the honest players. We show that communication can be delayed for 2β+Θ(lg|V|) rounds, where V is the set of values that the honest players may transmit. We then derive, via reduction to this 3-player game, round complexity lower bounds for several classical nn-player problems: 2β+Ω(lg|V| for reliable broadcast, 2β+Ω(logn) for leader election, and 2β+Ω(klg|V| [over k]) for static k-selection. We also consider an extension of our adversary model that includes up to t crash failures. Here we show a bound of 2β+Θ(t) rounds for binary consensus. We provide tight, or nearly tight, upper bounds for all four problems. From these results we can derive bounds on the efficiency of malicious disruption, stated in terms of two new metrics: jamming gain (the ratio of rounds delayed to adversarial broadcasts) and disruption-free complexity   (the rounds required to terminate in the special case of no disruption). Two key conclusions of this study: (1) all the problems considered feature semantic vulnerabilities that allow an adversary to disrupt termination more efficiently than simple jamming (i.e., all have a jamming gain greater than 1); and (2) for all the problems considered, the round complexity grows linearly with the number of bits to be communicated (i.e., all have a Ω(lg|V|) or Ω(lgn) disruption-free complexity.
Search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

This paper presents the search for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a single top quark (tHq), using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a center- of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$. The search exploits a variety of Higgs boson decay modes resulting in final states with photons, bottom quarks, and multiple charged leptons, including tau leptons, and employs a variety of multivariate techniques to maximize sensitivity to the signal. The analysis is optimized for the opposite sign of the Yukawa coupling to that in the standard model, corresponding to a large enhancement of the signal cross section. In the absence of an excess of candidate signal events over the background predictions, 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limits on anomalous tHq production are set, ranging between 600 (450) fb and 1000 (700) fb depending on the assumed diphoton branching fraction of the Higgs boson. This is the first time that results on anomalous tHq production have been reported
The electromagnetic form factors of the Λ in the timelike region

The reaction View the MathML sourcee+e−→Λ¯Λ is investigated for energies close to the threshold. Specific emphasis is put on the role played by the interaction in the final View the MathML sourceΛ¯Λ system which is taken into account rigorously. For that interaction a variety of View the MathML sourceΛ¯Λ potential models is employed that have been constructed for the analysis of the reaction View the MathML sourcep¯p→Λ¯Λ in the past. The enhancement of the effective form factor for energies close to the View the MathML sourceΛ¯Λ threshold, seen in pertinent experiments, is reproduced. Predictions for the Λ electromagnetic form factors GMGM and GEGE in the timelike region and for spin-dependent observables such as spin-correlation parameters are presented
Thermal budget of superconducting digital circuits at subkelvin temperatures

Superconducting single-flux-quantum (SFQ) circuits have so far been developed and optimized for operation at or above helium temperatures. The SFQ approach, however, should also provide potentially viable and scalable control and readout circuits for Josephson-junction qubits and other applications with much lower, millikelvin, operating temperatures. This paper analyzes the overheating problem which becomes important in this temperature range. We suggest a thermal model of the SFQ circuits at subkelvin temperatures and present experimental results on overheating of electrons and silicon substrate which support this model. The model establishes quantitative limitations on the dissipated power both for “local” electron overheating in resistors and “global” overheating due to ballistic phonon propagation along the substrate. Possible changes in the thermal design of SFQ circuits in view of the overheating problem are also discussed.Peer reviewe
South African human language technology audit

Human language technology (HLT) has been identified as a priority area
by the South African government. However, despite efforts by government and the
research and development (R&D) community, South Africa has not yet been able to
maximise the opportunities of HLT and create a thriving HLT industry. One of the
key challenges is the fact that there is insufficient codified knowledge about the
current South African HLT components, their attributes and existing relationships.
Hence a technology audit was conducted for the South African HLT landscape, to
create a systematic and detailed inventory of the status of the HLT components
across the eleven official languages. Based on the Basic Language Resource Kit
(BLaRK) framework Krauwer (ELRA Newslett 3(2), 1998), we used various data
collection methods (such as focus groups, questionnaires and personal consultations
with HLT experts) to gather detailed information. The South African HLT landscape
is analysed using a number of complementary approaches and based on the
interpretations of the results, recommendations are made on how to accelerate HLT
development in South Africa, as well as on how to conduct similar audits in other
countries and contexts.The Department of Science and Technology of the South African Governmenthttp://www.springerlink.com/content/113189/ai201
Repackaged sodium valproate tablets – Meeting quality and adherence to ensure seizure control

AbstractPurposeSodium valproate, which is commonly repacked to assist with adherence to ensure seizure control, is hygroscopic and therefore sensitive to moisture. The aim of this study was thus to determine the stability implications of removing the enteric coated tablets from their original packaging and repackaging into a Dose Administration Aid (DAA) with storage under various environmental conditions.MethodsPhysicochemical stability of enteric coated sodium valproate tablets repackaged into a DAA and stored at controlled room temperature, accelerated and refrigerated conditions was evaluated for 28 days. A validated high performance liquid chromatography method was used for the quantitation of the drug content.ResultsAlthough the chemical stability (sodium valproate between 95 and 105% of labelled content) was maintained for 28 days for all storage conditions, for those tablets stored under accelerated conditions the integrity of the enteric coat was compromised after only 8 days.ConclusionsRepackaging of enteric coated sodium valproate should be undertaken with caution and be informed by storage climate. This is particularly relevant for those patients living in hot, humid environments where they should be advised to store their DAA in a refrigerator
The new FIFA rules are hard: complexity aspects of sports competitions

AbstractConsider a soccer competition among various teams playing against each other in pairs (matches) according to a previously determined schedule. At some stage of the competition one may ask whether a particular team still has a (theoretical) chance to win the competition. The complexity of this question depends on the way scores are allocated according to the outcome of a match. For example, the problem is polynomially solvable for the ancient FIFA rules (2:0 resp. 1:1) but becomes NP-hard if the new rules (3:0 resp. 1:1) are applied. We determine the complexity of the above problem for all possible score allocation rules
Susi, a Negative Regulator of Drosophila PI3-Kinase

SummaryThe Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/PKB) signaling pathway controls growth, metabolism, and lifespan in animals, and deregulation of its activity is associated with diabetes and cancer in humans. Here, we describe Susi, a coiled-coil domain protein that acts as a negative regulator of insulin signaling in Drosophila. Whereas loss of Susi function increases body size, overexpression of Susi reduces growth. We provide genetic evidence that Susi negatively regulates dPI3K activity. Susi directly binds to dP60, the regulatory subunit of dPI3K. Since Susi has no overt similarity to known inhibitors of PI3K/PKB signaling, it defines a novel mechanism by which this signaling cascade is kept in check. The fact that Susi is expressed in a circadian rhythm, with highest levels during the night, suggests that Susi attenuates insulin signaling during the fasting period
II – Experimental investigation of transverse spin asymmetries in μ-p SIDIS processes: Sivers asymmetries

AbstractThe COMPASS Collaboration at CERN has measured the transverse spin azimuthal asymmetry of charged hadrons produced in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering using a 160 GeV μ+ beam and a transversely polarised NH3 target. The Sivers asymmetry of the proton has been extracted in the Bjorken x range 0.003<x<0.7. The new measurements have small statistical and systematic uncertainties of a few percent and confirm with considerably better accuracy the previous COMPASS measurement. The Sivers asymmetry is found to be compatible with zero for negative hadrons and positive for positive hadrons, a clear indication of a spin–orbit coupling of quarks in a transversely polarised proton. As compared to measurements at lower energy, a smaller Sivers asymmetry for positive hadrons is found in the region x>0.03. The asymmetry is different from zero and positive also in the low x region, where sea-quarks dominate. The kinematic dependence of the asymmetry has also been investigated and results are given for various intervals of hadron and virtual photon fractional energy. In contrast to the case of the Collins asymmetry, the results on the Sivers asymmetry suggest a strong dependence on the four-momentum transfer to the nucleon, in agreement with the most recent calculations
On the degree and half-degree principle for symmetric polynomials

AbstractIn this note we aim to give a new, elementary proof of a statement that was first proved by Timofte (2003) [15]. It says that a symmetric real polynomial F of degree d in n variables is positive on Rn (or on R≥0n) if and only if it is non-negative on the subset of points with at most max{⌊d/2⌋,2} distinct components. We deduce Timofte’s original statement as a corollary of a slightly more general statement on symmetric optimization problems. The idea that we are using to prove this statement is that of relating it to a linear optimization problem in the orbit space. The fact that for the case of the symmetric group Sn this can be viewed as a question on normalized univariate real polynomials with only real roots allows us to conclude the theorems in a very elementary way. We hope that the methods presented here will make it possible to derive similar statements also in the case of other groups