pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tumor-produced, active interleukin-1beta regulates gene expression in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts.

Recently we described a co-culture model of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and SCC-25 lingual squamous carcinoma cells, which resulted in conversion of normal fibroblasts into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of SCC-25 cells. We have found a constitutive high interleukin-1beta (IL1-beta) expression in SCC-25 cells in normal and in co-cultured conditions. In our hypothesis a constitutive IL1-beta expression in SCC-25 regulates gene expression in fibroblasts during co-culture.  Co-cultures were performed between PDL fibroblasts and SCC-25 cells with and without dexamethasone (DEX) treatment; IL1-beta processing was investigated in SCC-25 cells, tumor cells and PDL fibroblasts were treated with IL1-beta. IL1-beta signaling was investigated by western blot and immunocytochemistry. IL1-beta-regulated genes were analyzed by real-time qPCR. SCC-25 cells produced 16kD active IL1-beta, its receptor was upregulated in PDL fibroblasts during co-culture, which induced phosphorylation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), and nuclear translocalization of NFkappaBalpha. Several genes, including interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) were induced in CAFs during co-culture. The most enhanced induction was found for IL-6 and COX-2. Treatment of PDL fibroblasts with IL1-beta reproduced a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of IL1-receptor, IL-6 and COX-2. A further proof was achieved by DEX inhibition for IL1-beta-stimulated IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression. Constitutive expression of IL1-beta in the tumor cells leads to IL1-beta-stimulated gene expression changes in tumor-associated fibroblasts, which are involved in tumor progression
Does Service Employees’ Appearance Affect the Healthiness of Food Choice?

This is the accepted and refereed manuscript to the article. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Derived from previous research on social influence on food consumption and social comparison theory, this article examines the effect of service employees’ appearance on consumers’ food choice using an experimental study, involving a video manipulation and eye-tracking technique. The video shows a menu being proffered by a waitress whose degree of apparent healthiness varies (healthy, overweight, unhealthy lifestyle). The menu contains both healthy and unhealthy meal alternatives. The analysis of participants’ eye movements demonstrated that exposure to the overweight employee did not stimulate greater (i.e., earlier or longer) attention to unhealthy meal alternatives, whereas exposure to the employee who displayed an unhealthy lifestyle did. These findings have social and managerial implications: The postulated stigma according to which the presence of overweight others encourages unhealthy eating appears questionable. Service providers that might secretly hire according to body weight have no grounds to do so. In contrast, employees signaling an unhealthy lifestyle through their style choices prompt patrons to pay more attention to unhealthy meal alternatives. Food service providers might want to take this factor into consideration and actively manage the aspects that can be altered by simple measures.1, Forfatterversjo
Turbulence decay towards the linearly stable regime of Taylor–Couette flow

Taylor–Couette (TC) flow is used to probe the hydrodynamical (HD) stability of astrophysical accretion disks. Experimental data on the subcritical stability of TC flow are in conflict about the existence of turbulence (cf. Ji et al. (Nature, vol. 444, 2006, pp. 343–346) and Paoletti et al. (Astron. Astroph., vol. 547, 2012, A64)), with discrepancies attributed to end-plate effects. In this paper we numerically simulate TC flow with axially periodic boundary conditions to explore the existence of subcritical transitions to turbulence when no end plates are present. We start the simulations with a fully turbulent state in the unstable regime and enter the linearly stable regime by suddenly starting a (stabilizing) outer cylinder rotation. The shear Reynolds number of the turbulent initial state is up to $Re_s \lesssim 10^5$$Re_s \lesssim 10^5$ and the radius ratio is $\eta =0.714$$\eta =0.714$. The stabilization causes the system to behave as a damped oscillator and, correspondingly, the turbulence decays. The evolution of the torque and turbulent kinetic energy is analysed and the periodicity and damping of the oscillations are quantified and explained as a function of shear Reynolds number. Though the initially turbulent flow state decays, surprisingly, the system is found to absorb energy during this decay
Adverse drug reactions in some African herbal medicine: literature review and stakeholders' interview

International audienceBackground: In view of the large consumption of herbal medicine in Africa countries, it is likely that many adverse drugs reactions go unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services, or no pharmacovigilance analysis being made, or the analysis not being reported centrally. This problem is of interest especially for those who are working in the general area of adverse drug reactions or stakeholders in the domain of herbal medicine for considering safety issues. Methods: We are particularly interested in the way that the use of very wellknown and highly valued plants is linked to the observation of adverse drug reactions in African countries. We investigated, through a literature review and using the Internet (with a semantic search strategy), some wellknown or popular medicinal plants used in African herbal medicine (AHM). Other information on the properties related to use, and characteristics of medicinal plants was complemented by some interviews with stakeholders. Results: Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of action of many drugs, the pharmacological actions of many medicinal plants are generally not well understood. The results of a literature review suggest that the reported adverse drug reactions of herbal remedies are often due to a lack of understanding of their preparation and appropriate use. The results of stakeholders' interviews suggest that there is a growing need to provide patients with correct information about the herbal medicines they consume. Conclusion: An important aspect of herbal medicine is the correct, timely, and integrated communication of emerging data on risk as an essential part of pharmacovigilance, which could actually improve the health and safety of patients. This calls for improved collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern healthcare professionals, researchers, and drug regulatory authorities. In addition, there is a need for an adverse drug reaction reporting system to facilitate the collection, monitoring, and evaluation of adverse drug events
Biocompatibility of a self-assembled crosslinkable hyaluronic acid nanogel

Hyaluronic acid nanogel (HyA-AT) is a redox sensitive crosslinkable nanogel, obtained through the conjugation of a thiolated hydrophobic molecule to the hyaluronic acid chain. Engineered nanogel was studied for its biocompatibility, including immunocompatibility and hemocompatability. The nanogel did not compromise the metabolic activity or cellular membrane integrity of 3T3, microvascular endothelial cells, and RAW 264.7 cell lines, as determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Also, we didn't observe any apoptotic effect on these cell lines through the Annexin V-FITC test. Furthermore, the nanogel cell internalization was analyzed using murine bone marrow derived macrophages, and the in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution of the Cy5.5 labeled nanogel was monitored using a non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. The HyA-AT nanogel exhibits fairly a long half-live in the blood stream, thus showing potential for drug delivery applications.The authors thank the FCT Strategic
Project of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, the project RECI/
BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462) and
the Project “BioHealth – Biotechnology and Bioengineering
approaches to improve health quality”, Ref. NORTE-07-0124-
FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional
do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. The authors would
like to acknowledge also the support of FCT for the PhD grant
reference SFRH/BD/61516/2009. They would also like to thank
Bioimaging department on Molecular Medicine Institute (IMM)
in Lisbon, namely Dr José Rino and Dr António Temudo. Also
thank the animal facilities in IMM (Lisbon), specially Dr. Dolores
Bonaparte and Dr. Joana Marques.
Finally, the authors thank Dr Africa Gonzalez and Mercedes
Pelletero the performance of the studies on the activation of
complement
The HELLAS2XMM survey XIII : multi-component analysis of the spectral energy distribution of obscured AGN

Aims. We combine near-to-mid-IR Spitzer data with shorter wavelength observations (optical to X-rays) to get insight into the properties of a sample of luminous, obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). We aim at modelling their broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in order to estimate the main parameters related to the dusty torus that is assumed to be responsible for the reprocessed IR emission. Our final goal is to estimate the intrinsic nuclear luminosities and the Eddington ratios for our luminous, obscured AGN.
Methods. The sample comprises 16 obscured high-redshift (0.9 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 2.1), X-ray luminous quasars (L2-10 keV similar to 10(44) erg s(-1)) selected from the HELLAS2XMM survey in the 2-10 keV band. The optical-IR SEDs are described by a multi-component model that includes a stellar component to account for the optical and near-IR emission, an AGN component that dominates in the mid-IR (mainly emission from a dusty torus heated by nuclear radiation), and a starburst to reproduce the far-IR bump. A radiative transfer code to compute the spectrum and intensity of dust reprocessed emission was extensively tested against our multiwavelength data. While the torus parameters and the BH accretion luminosities are a direct output of the SED-fitting procedure, the BH masses were estimated indirectly by means of the local M-bulge-M-BH relation.
Results. The majority (similar to 80%) of the sources show moderate optical depth (tau(9.7) (mu m) <= 3), and the derived column densities N-H are consistent with the X-ray inferred values (10(22) less than or similar to N-H less than or similar to 3 x 10(23) cm(-2)) for most of the objects, confirming that the sources are moderately obscured Compton-thin AGN. Accretion luminosities in the range 5 x 10(44) less than or similar to L-bol less than or similar to 4 x 10(46) erg s(-1) are inferred from the multiwavelength fitting procedure. We compare model luminosities with those obtained by integrating the observed SED, finding that the latter are lower by a factor of similar to 2 in the median. The discrepancy can be as high as an order of magnitude for models with high optical depth (tau(9.7 mu m) = 10). The ratio between the luminosities obtained by the fitting procedure and from the observed SED suggest that, at least for type 2 AGN, observed bolometric luminosities are likely to underestimate intrinsic ones and the effect is more severe for highly obscured sources. Bolometric corrections from the hard X-ray band are computed and have a median value of k(2-10 keV) similar to 20. The obscured AGN in our sample are characterized by relatively low Eddington ratios (median lambda(Edd) similar to 0.08). On average, they are consistent with the Eddington ratio increasing at increasing bolometric correction
Adverse events in apheresis : an update of the WAA registry data

Apheresis with different procedures and devices are used for a variety of indications that may have different adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study was to clarify the extent and possible reasons of various side effects based on data from a multinational registry. 
The WAA-apheresis registry data focus on adverse events in a total of 50846 procedures in 7142 patients (42% women). AEs were graded as mild, moderate (need for medication), severe (interruption due to the AE) or death (due to AE). 
More AEs occurred during the first procedures versus subsequent (8.4 and 5.5%, respectively). AEs were mild in 2.4% (due to access 54%, device 7%, hypotension 15%, tingling 8%), moderate in 3% (tingling 58%, urticaria 15%, hypotension 10%, nausea 3%), and severe in 0.4% of procedures (syncope/hypotension 32%, urticaria 17%, chills/fever 8%, arrhythmia/ asystole 4.5%, nausea/vomiting 4%). 
Hypotension was most common if albumin was used as the replacement fluid, and urticaria when plasma was used. Arrhythmia occurred to similar extents when using plasma or albumin as replacement. In 64% of procedures with bronchospasm, plasma was part of the replacement fluid used. 
Severe AEs are rare. Although most reactions are mild and moderate, several side effects may be critical for the patient. We present side effects in relation to the procedures and suggest that safety is increased by regular vital sign measurements, cardiac monitoring and by having emergency equipment nearby
Galaxy number counts - V. Ultradeep counts : the Herschel  and Hubble deep fields.

We present u, b, r and i galaxy number counts and colours from both the North and South Hubble Space Telescope Deep Fields and the William Herschel Deep Field. The latter comprises a 7×7 arcmin2 area of sky, reaching b28.5 at its deepest. Following Metcalfe et al., we show that simple Bruzual & Charlot evolutionary models which assume exponentially increasing star formation rates with look-back time and q0=0.05 continue to give excellent fits to galaxy counts and colours in the deep imaging data. With q0=0.5, an extra population of 'disappearing dwarf' galaxies is required to fit the optical counts.\ud
\ud
We further find that the (r−i):(b−r) colour–colour diagrams show distinctive features corresponding to two populations of early- and late-type galaxies which are well fitted by features in the Bruzual & Charlot models. The (r−i):(b−r) data also suggest the existence of an intrinsically faint population of early-types at z0.1 with similar properties to the 'disappearing dwarf' population required if q0=0.5.\ud
\ud
The outstanding issue remaining for the early-type models is the dwarf-dominated initial mass function (IMF), which we invoke to reduce the numbers of z>1 galaxies predicted at K<19. For the spiral models, the main issue is that even with the inclusion of internal dust absorption at the AB=0.3 mag level, the model predicts too blue (u−b) colours for late-type galaxies at z1. Despite these possible problems, we conclude that these simple models with monotonically increasing star formation rates broadly fit the data out to z3.\ud
\ud
We compare these results for the star formation rate history with those from the different approach of Madau et al. We conclude that when the effects of internal dust absorption in spirals are taken into account the results from this latter approach are completely consistent with the τ=9 Gyr, exponentially rising star formation rate density out to z≈3 which fits the deepest, optical/IR galaxy count and colour data.\ud
\ud
When we compare the observed and predicted galaxy counts for UV dropouts in the range 2z3.5 from the data of Steidel et al. and Madau et al., and new data from the Herschel and HDF-S fields, we find excellent agreement, indicating that the space density of galaxies may not have changed much between z=0 and z=3, and identifying the Lyman-break galaxies with the bright end of the evolved spiral luminosity function. Making the same comparison for B dropout galaxies in the range 3.5z4.5 we find that the space density of intrinsically bright galaxies remains the same, but the space density of faint galaxies drops by a factor of 5, consistent with the idea that L* galaxies were already in place at z≈4 but that dwarf galaxies may have formed later at 3z4
Updated BBN bounds on the cosmological lepton asymmetry for non-zero 13

We discuss the bounds on the cosmological lepton number from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), in light of recent evidences for a large value of the neutrino mixing angle theta(13), sin(2) theta(13) greater than or similar to 0.01 at 2 sigma. The largest asymmetries for electron and mu, tau neutrinos compatible with He-4 and H-2 primordial yields are computed versus the neutrino mass hierarchy and mixing angles. The flavour oscillation dynamics is traced till the beginning of BBN and neutrino distributions after decoupling are numerically computed. The latter contains in general, non-thermal distortion due to the onset of flavour oscillations driven by solar squared mass difference in the temperature range where neutrino scatterings become inefficient to enforce thermodynamical equilibrium. Depending on the value of theta(13), this translates into a larger value for the effective number of neutrinos, N-eff. Upper bounds on this parameter are discussed for both neutrino mass hierarchies. Values for N-eff which are large enough to be detectable by the Planck experiment are found only for the (presently disfavoured) range sin(2) theta(13) <= 0.01
Light hadrons from lattice QCD with light (u, d), strange and charm dynamical quarks

We present results of lattice QCD simulations with mass-degenerate up and down and mass-split strange and charm (N_f = 2+1+1) dynamical quarks using Wilson twisted mass fermions at maximal twist. The tuning of the strange and charm quark masses is performed at two values of the lattice spacing a~0.078 fm and a~0.086 fm with lattice sizes ranging from L~1.9 fm to L~2.8 fm. We measure with high statistical precision the light pseudoscalar mass m_PS and decay constant f_PS in a range 270 < m_PS < 510 MeV and determine the low energy parameters f_0, l_3 and l_4 of SU(2) chiral perturbation theory. We use the two values of the lattice spacing, several lattice sizes as well as different values of the light, strange and charm quark masses to explore the systematic effects. A first study of discretisation effects in light-quark observables and a comparison to N_f=2 results are performed
Exclusive c -> s, d semileptonic decays of ground-state spin-1/2 doubly charmed baryons

We evaluate exclusive semileptonic decays of ground-state spin-1/2 doubly heavy charmed baryons driven by a c→s,dc→s,d transition at the quark level. Our results for the form factors are consistent with heavy quark spin symmetry constraints which are valid in the limit of an infinitely massive charm quark and near zero recoil. Only a few exclusive semileptonic decay channels have been theoretically analyzed before. For those cases we find that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous calculations
Search for heavy neutrinos mixing with tau neutrinos

We report on a search for heavy neutrinos (upsilon (4)) produced in the decay D-s --> tau upsilon (4) at the SPS proton target followed by the decay upsilon (4) --> upsilon (tau)e(+)e(-) in the NOMAD detector. Both decays are expected to occur if upsilon (4) is a component of upsilon (tau). From the analysis of the data collected during the 1996-1998 runs with 4.1 x 10(19) protons on target, a single candidate event consistent with background expectations was found. This allows to derive an upper limit on the mixing strength between the heavy neutrino and the tau neutrino in the upsilon (4) mass range from 10 to 190 MeV. Windows between the SN1987a and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis lower limits and our result are still open fur future experimental searches. The results obtained are used to constrain an interpretation of the time anomaly observed in the KARMEN1 detector
Measurement of $CP$ asymmetries in $D^{\pm}\rightarrow \eta^{\prime}
  \pi^{\pm}$ and $D_s^{\pm}\rightarrow \eta^{\prime} \pi^{\pm}$ decays

A search for $CP$ violation in $D^{\pm}\rightarrow \eta^{\prime} \pi^{\pm}$
and $D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow \eta^{\prime} \pi^{\pm}$ decays is performed using
proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3$
fb$^{-1}$, recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7$
and $8$ TeV. The measured $CP$-violating charge asymmetries are $A_{CP}(D^{\pm}
\rightarrow \eta^{\prime} \pi^{\pm})=(-0.61\pm 0.72 \pm 0.53 \pm 0.12)\%$ and
$A_{CP}(D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow \eta^{\prime} \pi^{\pm})=(-0.82\pm 0.36 \pm 0.22
\pm 0.27)\%$, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second
systematic, and the third are the uncertainties on the $A_{CP}(D^{\pm}
\rightarrow K^0_S \pi^{\pm})$ and $A_{CP}(D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow \phi
\pi^{\pm})$ measurements used for calibration. The results represent the most
precise measurements of these asymmetries to date.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-041.htm
The effect of oil sands process-affected water and model naphthenic acids on photosynthesis and growth in Emiliania huxleyi and Chlorella vulgaris

© 2015 The Authors. Naphthenic acids (NAs) are among the most toxic organic pollutants present in oil sands process waters (OSPW) and enter marine and freshwater environments through natural and anthropogenic sources. We investigated the effects of the acid extractable organic (AEO) fraction of OSPW and individual surrogate NAs, on maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (FV/FM) and cell growth in Emiliania huxleyi and Chlorella vulgaris as representative marine and freshwater phytoplankton. Whilst FV/FM in E. huxleyi and C. vulgaris was not inhibited by AEO, exposure to two surrogate NAs: (4'-n-butylphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (n-BPBA) and (4'-tert-butylphenyl)-4-butanoic acid (tert-BPBA), caused complete inhibition of FV/FM in E. huxleyi (≥10 mg L-1 n-BPBA; ≥50 mg L-1 tert-BPBA) but not in C. vulgaris. Growth rates and cell abundances in E. huxleyi were also reduced when exposed to ≥10 mg L-1 n- and tert-BPBA; however, higher concentrations of n- and tert-BPBA (100 mg L-1) were required to reduce cell growth in C. vulgaris. AEO at ≥10 mg L-1 stimulated E. huxleyi growth rate (p ≤ 0.002), yet had no apparent effect on C. vulgaris. In conclusion, E. huxleyi was generally more sensitive to NAs than C. vulgaris. This report provides a better understanding of the physiological responses of phytoplankton to NAs which will enable improved monitoring of NA pollution in aquatic ecosystems in the future
Encoding and estimation of first- and second-order binocular disparity in natural images

© 2016 The Authors. The first stage of processing of binocular information in the visual cortex is performed by mechanisms that are bandpass-tuned for spatial frequency and orientation. Psychophysical and physiological evidence have also demonstrated the existence of second-order mechanisms in binocular processing, which can encode disparities that are not directly accessible to first-order mechanisms. We compared the responses of first- and second-order binocular filters to natural images. We found that the responses of the second-order mechanisms are to some extent correlated with the responses of the first-order mechanisms, and that they can contribute to increasing both the accuracy, and depth range, of binocular stereopsis