pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Indoor Climate and Occupants’ Behaviour in Traditional Scottish Dwellings

AbstractDue to the relevance of the internal boundary conditions and the lack of specific data for the Scottish context, an exploration of the internal environment of traditional dwellings is needed. In this study the indoor climate of 24 properties with different levels of insulation and air-tightness was analysed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 15 minutes intervals in two rooms per property. The analysis was complemented with semi-structured interviews with the occupants. Based on temperature and relative humidity, the moisture loads were calculated. Results in non- insulated properties showed indoor temperatures lower than the minimum level of thermal comfort, especially in winter, and high values of relative humidity during the warm season. The humidity levels in upgraded buildings are consistently lower despite the greater variability found in the internal temperatures
Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum in 1 fb−1 of 7 TeV proton–proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for diphoton events with large missing transverse momentum has been performed using 1.07 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at s=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. No excess of events was observed above the Standard Model prediction and 95% Confidence Level (CL) upper limits are set on the production cross section for new physics. The limits depend on each model parameter space and vary as follows: σ<(22–129) fb in the context of a generalised model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (GGM) with a bino-like lightest neutralino, σ<(27–91) fb in the context of a minimal model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking (SPS8), and σ<(15–27) fb in the context of a specific model with one universal extra dimension (UED). A 95% CL lower limit of 805 GeV, for bino masses above 50 GeV, is set on the GGM gluino mass. Lower limits of 145 TeV and 1.23 TeV are set on the SPS8 breaking scale Λ and on the UED compactification scale 1/R, respectively. These limits provide the most stringent tests of these models to date
Investigation of acyclic uridine amide and 5′-amido nucleoside analogues as potential inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum dUTPase

AbstractPreviously we have shown that trityl and diphenyl deoxyuridine derivatives and their acyclic analogues can inhibit Plasmodium falciparum dUTPase (PfdUTPase). We report the synthesis of conformationally restrained amide derivatives as inhibitors PfdUTPase, including both acyclic and cyclic examples. Activity was dependent on the orientation and location of the amide constraining group. In the case of the acyclic series, we were able to obtain amide-constrained analogues which showed similar or greater potency than the unconstrained analogues. Unfortunately these compounds showed lower selectivity in cellular assays
A developmental approach to robotic pointing via human–robot interaction

AbstractThe ability of pointing is recognised as an essential skill of a robot in its communication and social interaction. This paper introduces a developmental learning approach to robotic pointing, by exploiting the interactions between a human and a robot. The approach is inspired through observing the process of human infant development. It works by first applying a reinforcement learning algorithm to guide the robot to create attempt movements towards a salient object that is out of the robot’s initial reachable space. Through such movements, a human demonstrator is able to understand the robot desires to touch the target and consequently, to assist the robot to eventually reach the object successfully. The human–robot interaction helps establish the understanding of pointing gestures in the perception of both the human and the robot. From this, the robot can collect the successful pointing gestures in an effort to learn how to interact with humans. Developmental constraints are utilised to drive the entire learning procedure. The work is supported by experimental evaluation, demonstrating that the proposed approach can lead the robot to gradually gain the desirable pointing ability. It also allows that the resulting robot system exhibits similar developmental progress and features as with human infants
Combining clinical variables to optimize prediction of antidepressant treatment outcomes

AbstractThe outcome of treatment with antidepressants varies markedly across people with the same diagnosis. A clinically significant prediction of outcomes could spare the frustration of trial and error approach and improve the outcomes of major depressive disorder through individualized treatment selection. It is likely that a combination of multiple predictors is needed to achieve such prediction. We used elastic net regularized regression to optimize prediction of symptom improvement and remission during treatment with escitalopram or nortriptyline and to identify contributing predictors from a range of demographic and clinical variables in 793 adults with major depressive disorder. A combination of demographic and clinical variables, with strong contributions from symptoms of depressed mood, reduced interest, decreased activity, indecisiveness, pessimism and anxiety significantly predicted treatment outcomes, explaining 5–10% of variance in symptom improvement with escitalopram. Similar combinations of variables predicted remission with area under the curve 0.72, explaining approximately 15% of variance (pseudo R2) in who achieves remission, with strong contributions from body mass index, appetite, interest-activity symptom dimension and anxious-somatizing depression subtype. Escitalopram-specific outcome prediction was more accurate than generic outcome prediction, and reached effect sizes that were near or above a previously established benchmark for clinical significance. Outcome prediction on the nortriptyline arm did not significantly differ from chance. These results suggest that easily obtained demographic and clinical variables can predict therapeutic response to escitalopram with clinically meaningful accuracy, suggesting a potential for individualized prescription of this antidepressant drug
Final charged-lepton angular distribution and possible anomalous top-quark couplings in pp→tt¯X→ℓ+X′

AbstractPossible anomalous (or nonstandard) top-quark interactions with the gluon and those with the W boson induced by SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) gauge-invariant dimension-6 effective operators are studied in pp→tt¯X→ℓ+X′ (ℓ=e or μ) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The final charged-lepton (ℓ+) angular distribution is first computed for nonvanishing nonstandard top-gluon and top-W couplings with a cut on its transverse momentum. The optimal-observable procedure is then applied to this distribution in order to estimate the expected statistical uncertainties in measurements of those couplings that contribute to this process in the leading order
Fluctuations of strangeness and deconfinement phase transition in nucleus–nucleus collisions

AbstractWe suggest that the fluctuations of strange hadron multiplicity could be sensitive to the equation of state and microscopic structure of strongly interacting matter created at the early stage of high energy nucleus–nucleus collisions. They may serve as an important tool in the study of the deconfinement phase transition. We predict, within the statistical model of the early stage, that the ratio of properly filtered fluctuations of strange to non-strange hadron multiplicities should have a non-monotonic energy dependence with a minimum in the mixed phase region
Functional connectivity assessed by resting state EEG correlates with cognitive decline of Alzheimer’s disease – An eLORETA study

AbstractObjectiveTo explore neurophysiological biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated electroencephalography (EEG) of AD patients, and assessed lagged phase synchronization, a measure of brain functional connectivity.MethodsTwenty-eight probable AD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Forty seconds of artifact-free EEG data were selected and compared between patients with AD and HC. Current source density (CSD) and lagged phase synchronization were analyzed by using eLORETA.ResultsPatients with AD showed significantly decreased lagged phase synchronization between most cortical regions in delta band relative to controls. There also was a decrease in lagged phase synchronization between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right posterior-inferior parietal lobule (pIPL) in theta band. In addition, some connections in delta band were found to be associated with cognitive function, measured by MMSE. This involved specifically interhemispheric temporal connections as well as left inferior parietal connectivity with the left hippocampus, lateral frontal regions, and the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC). Right temporal connections in delta band were related to global function, as estimated by CDR. No differences were found in CSD analysis between patients and HC.ConclusionsFunctional connectivity disruptions between certain brain regions, as measured with lagged phase synchronization, may potentially represent a neurophysiological biomarker of AD.SignificanceOur study indicated that AD and healthy elderly could have the different patterns of lagged phase synchronization
Performance Analysis of Two Quantum Reaction Dynamics Codes: Time-dependent and Time-lndependent Strategies

AbstractThe computer simulation of reaction dynamics has nowadays reached a remarkable degree of accuracy. Triatomic elementary reactions are rigorously studied with great detail on a straightforward basis using a considerable variety of Quantum Dynamics computational tools available to the scientific community. In our contribution we compare the performance of two quantum scattering codes in the computation of reaction cross sections of a triatomic benchmark reaction such as the gas phase reaction Ne + H2+ → NeH++ H. The computational codes are selected as representative of time-dependent (Real Wave Packet [1]) and time-independent (ABC [2]) methodologies. The main conclusion to be drawn from our study is that both strategies are, to a great extent, not competing but rather complementary. While time-dependent calculations advantages with respect to the energy range that can be covered in a single simulation, time-independent approaches offer much more detailed information from each single energy calculation. Further details such as the calculation of reactivity at very low collision energies or the computational effort related to account for the Coriolis couplings are analyzed in this paper
Lattice-based Spatio-temporal Ensemble Prediction

AbstractWith the rapidly increasing deployment of sensor networks, large amounts of time series data are generated. One of the main challenges when dealing with such data is performing accurate predictions in order to address a broad class of application problems, ranging from mobile broadband network (MBN) optimization to preventive maintenance. To this end, time series prediction has been widely addressed by the statistics community. Nevertheless, such approaches fail in performing well when the data are more context-dependent than history-dependent. In this paper, we investigate how latent attributes can be built upon the time series in order to define a spatio-temporal context for predictions. Moreover, such attributes are often hierarchical, leading to multiple potential contexts at different levels of granularity for performing a given prediction. In support of this scenario, we propose the Lattice-Based Spatio-Temporal Ensemble Prediction (LBSTEP) approach, which allows modeling the problem as a multidimensional spatio-temporal prediction. Given an ensemble prediction model, we propose a solution for determining the most appropriate spatio-temporal context that maximizes the global prediction metrics of a set of the time series. LBSTEP is evaluated with a real-world MBN dataset, which exemplifies the intended general application domain of time series data with a strong spatio-temporal component. The experimental results shows that the proposed contextual and multi-granular view of the prediction problem is effective, in terms of both several optimization metrics and the model calculation
SU(3)F gauge family model and new symmetry breaking scale from FCNC processes

AbstractBased on the SU(3)F gauge family symmetry model which was proposed to explain the observed mass and mixing pattern of neutrinos, we investigate the symmetry breaking, the mixing pattern in quark and lepton sectors, and the contribution of the new gauge bosons to some flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) processes at low energy. With the current data of the mass differences in the neutral pseudo-scalar P0–P¯0 systems, we find that the SU(3)F symmetry breaking scale can be as low as 300 TeV and the mass of the lightest gauge boson be about 100 TeV. Other FCNC processes, such as the lepton flavour number violation process μ−→e−e+e− and the semi-leptonic rare decay K→πν¯ν, contain contributions via the new gauge bosons exchanging. With the constrains obtained from P0–P¯0 system, we estimate that the contribution of the new physics is around 10−16, far below the current experimental bounds
The generalized Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn sum rule for deuteron electrodisintegration

AbstractThe generalized Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn sum rule IGDHγ∗d(Q2) for deuteron electrodisintegration d(e,e′)np as function of the squared four-momentum transfer Q2 is evaluated by explicit integration. The calculation is based on a conventional nonrelativistic framework using a realistic NN-potential and including contributions from meson exchange currents, isobar configurations and leading order relativistic terms. Good convergence is achieved. The prominent feature is a deep negative minimum, Iγ∗dGDH=−9.5 mb, at low Q2≈0.2 fm−2 which is almost exclusively driven by the nucleon isovector anomalous magnetic moment contribution to the magnetic dipole transition to the 1S0-state. Above Q2=20 fm−2 the integral IGDHγ∗(Q2) approaches zero rapidly
Dynamically induced spontaneous symmetry breaking in 3–3–1 models

AbstractWe show that in SU(3)C⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)N (3–3–1) models embedded with a singlet scalar playing the role of the axion, after imposing scale invariance, the breaking of Peccei–Quinn symmetry occurs through the one-loop effective potential for the singlet field. We, then, analyze the structure of spontaneous symmetry breaking by studying the new scalar potential for the model, and verify that electroweak symmetry breaking is tightly connected to the 3–3–1 breaking by the strong constraints among their vacuum expectation values. This offers a valuable guide to write down the correct pattern of symmetry breaking for multi-scalar theories. We also obtained that the accompanying massive pseudo-scalar, instead of acquiring mass of order of Peccei–Quinn scale as we would expect, develops a mass at a much lower scale, a consequence solely of the breaking via Coleman–Weinberg mechanism
An investigation of how fungal infection influences drug penetration through onychomycosis patient’s nail plates

AbstractThe treatment of onychomycosis remains problematic even though there are several potent antifungal agents available for patient use. The aim of this investigation was to understand whether the structural modifications that arise when a patient’s nail become infected plates influences the permeation of drugs into the nail following topical application. It was hoped that through improving understanding of the nail barrier in the diseased state, the development of more effective topical treatments for onychomycosis could be facilitated. The permeation of three compounds with differing hydrophobicities, caffeine, terbinafine and amorolfine (clogD at pH 7.4 of −0.55, 3.72 and 4.49 respectively), was assessed across both healthy and onychomycosis infected, full thickness, human nail plate sections. Transonychial water loss (TOWL) measurements performed on the healthy and diseased nails supported previous observations that the nail behaves like a porous barrier given the lack of correlation between TOWL values with the thicker, diseased nails. The flux of the more hydrophilic caffeine was twofold greater across diseased in comparison with the healthy nails, whilst the hydrophobic molecules terbinafine and amorolfine showed no statistically significant change in their nail penetration rates. Caffeine flux across the nail was found to correlate with the TOWL measurements, though no correlation existed for the more hydrophobic drugs. These data supported the notion that the nail pores, opened up by the infection, facilitated the passage of hydrophilic molecules, whilst the keratin binding of hydrophobic molecules meant that their transport through the nail plate was unchanged. Therefore, in order to exploit the structural changes induced by nail fungal infection it would be beneficial to develop a small molecular weight, hydrophilic antifungal agent, which exhibits low levels of keratin binding
DOS, a Novel Pleckstrin Homology Domain–Containing Protein Required for Signal Transduction between Sevenless and Ras1 in Drosophila

AbstractThe specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell in the developing eye of Drosophila is dependent upon activation of the Sevenless (SEV) receptor tyrosine kinase. By screening for mutations that suppress signaling via a constitutively activated SEV protein, we have identified a novel gene, daughter of sevenless (dos). DOS is required not only for signal transduction via SEV but also in other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways throughout development. The presence of an amino-terminally located pleckstrin homology domain and many potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites suggests that DOS functions as an adaptor protein able to interact with multiple signaling molecules. Our genetic analysis demonstrates that DOS functions upstream of Ras1 and defines a signaling pathway that is independent of direct binding of the DRK SH2/SH3 adaptor protein to the SEV receptor tyrosine kinase
Ownership illusions in patients with body delusions: Different neural profiles of visual capture and disownership

AbstractThe various neurocognitive processes contributing to the sense of body ownership have been investigated extensively in healthy participants, but studies in neurological patients can shed unique light into such phenomena. Here, we aimed to investigate whether visual capture by a fake hand (without any synchronous or asynchronous tactile stimulation) affects body ownership in a group of hemiplegic patients with or without disturbed sensation of limb ownership (DSO) following damage to the right hemisphere. We recruited 31 consecutive patients, including seven patients with DSO. The majority of our patients (64.5% overall and up to 86% of the patients with DSO) experienced strong feelings of ownership over a rubber hand within 15 sec following mere visual exposure, which correlated with the degree of proprioceptive deficits across groups and in the DSO group. Using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis, we were able to identify lesions associated with this pathological visual capture effect in a selective fronto-parietal network, including significant voxels (p < .05) in the frontal operculum and the inferior frontal gyrus. By contrast, lesions associated with DSO involved more posterior lesions, including the right temporoparietal junction and a large area of the supramarginal gyrus, and to a lesser degree the middle frontal gyrus. Thus, this study suggests that our sense of ownership includes dissociable mechanisms of multisensory integration
Algorithmic analysis of polygonal hybrid systems, Part II: Phase portrait and tools

AbstractPolygonal differential inclusion systems (SPDI) are a subclass of planar hybrid automata which can be represented by piecewise constant differential inclusions. The reachability problem as well as the computation of certain objects of the phase portrait is decidable. In this paper we show how to compute the viability, controllability and invariance kernels, as well as semi-separatrix curves for SPDIs. We also present the tool SPeeDI+, which implements a reachability algorithm and computes phase portraits of SPDIs
Cosmic ray air showers from sphalerons

AbstractThe discovery of the Higgs boson marks a key ingredient to establish the electroweak structure of the Standard Model. Its non-abelian gauge structure gives rise to, yet unobserved, non-perturbative baryon and lepton number violating processes. We propose to use cosmic ray air showers, as measured, for example, at the Pierre Auger Observatory, to set a limit on the hadronic production cross section of sphalerons. We identify several observables to discriminate between sphaleron and QCD induced air showers
v4, v5, v6, v7: Nonlinear hydrodynamic response versus LHC data

AbstractHigher harmonics of anisotropic flow (vn with n≥4) in heavy-ion collisions can be measured either with respect to their own plane, or with respect to a plane constructed using lower-order harmonics. We explain how such measurements are related to event-plane correlations. We show that CMS data on v4 and v6 are compatible with ATLAS data on event-plane correlations. If one assumes that higher harmonics are the superposition of non-linear and linear responses, then the linear and non-linear parts can be isolated under fairly general assumptions. By combining analyses of higher harmonics with analyses of v2 and v3, one can eliminate the uncertainty from initial conditions and define quantities that only involve nonlinear hydrodynamic response coefficients. Experimental data on v4, v5 and v6 are in good agreement with hydrodynamic calculations. We argue that v7 can be measured with respect to elliptic and triangular flow. We present predictions for v7 versus centrality in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
Time-resolved FRET reports FGFR1 dimerization and formation of a complex with its effector PLCγ1

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo imaging of protein tyrosine kinase activity requires minimally invasive, molecularly precise optical probes to provide spatiotemporal mechanistic information of dimerization and complex formation with downstream effectors. We present here a construct with genetically encoded, site-specifically incorporated, bioorthogonal reporter that can be selectively labelled with exogenous fluorogenic probes to monitor the structure and function of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC contains a coumermycin-induced artificial dimerizer (GyrB), FGFR1 kinase domain (KD) and a tetracysteine (TC) motif that enables fluorescent labelling with biarsenical dyes FlAsH-EDT2 and ReAsH-EDT2. We generated bimolecular system for time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) studies, which pairs FlAsH-tagged GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC and N-terminal Src homology 2 (nSH2) domain of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), a downstream effector of FGFR1, fused to mTurquoise fluorescent protein (mTFP). We demonstrated phosphorylation-dependent TR-FRET readout of complex formation between mTFP.nSH2 and GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC. By further application of TR-FRET, we also demonstrated formation of the GyrB.FGFR1KD.TC homodimer by coumermycin-induced dimerization. Herein, we present a spectroscopic FRET approach to facilitate and propagate studies that would provide structural and functional insights for FGFR and other tyrosine kinases