pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Property rights and the dynamics of renewable resources in North-South trade, Chapter 1

To explain the patterns of world trade of resources, this paper combines the biological dynamics of the renewable resource and game theoretical explanations of its extraction under different property regimes, with a general equilibrium model of North South trade (Chichilnisky, 1981, 1986). The two regions produce, consume and trade two goods using two inputs, a renewable resource E and capital. To expose the importance of property rights in explaining trade, the two regions are taken as identical except for the property rights regimes on the pool from which the resource is extracted: the South has common property and the North private property. The paper formulates the Nash equilibrium of a game which explains the harvesting of the resource under different property rights regimes: more is supplied at each price under unregulated property rights than it is with private property (Lemma 1). Theorem 1 proves that the difference in property rights by itself explains trade between otherwise identical regions: the South exports the environmentally intensive product even though it has no comparative advantage and the North the capital intensive products. The North overconsumes the resource intensive products which it imports at prices which are below social costs. This occurs even though in equilibrium the prices of all goods and all factors of production are equal across the world. Resources are overextracted and the world pattern of consumption and trade of resources is Pareto inefficient. Several policies which could redress the inefficiency, particularly recent property rights policies towards biodiversity and land ownership in the Americas, are discussed in this paper.
Use of simulation models for the tax reform in Slovenia

In 2007 Slovenia launched a comprehensive reform of its tax system. To estimate the different proposals (including a flat-tax proposal) and their overall effect on individual taxpayers and government budget a static micro-simulation model was constructed and combined with a computable general equilibrium model. It uses a large, comprehensive database (6% of the population) provided by relevant ministries and government agencies and proved to be a reliable tool during implementation of the reform. In the paper, the main characteristics of both models are presented along with the results of different reform scenarios, including those which finally passed the parliament and now form part of the Slovenian tax system.
Does a Gibbs sampler approach to spatial Poisson regression models outperform a single site MH sampler?

In this paper we present and evaluate a Gibbs sampler for a Poisson regression model including spatial e ects. The approach is based on Frühwirth-Schnatter and Wagner (2004b) who show that by data augmentation using the introduction of two sequences of latent variables a Poisson regression model can be transformed into an approximate normal linear model. We show how this methodology can be extended to spatial Poisson regression models and give details of the resulting Gibbs sampler. In particular, the influence of model parameterisation and di erent update strategies on the mixing of the MCMC chains is discussed. The developed Gibbs samplers are analysed in two simulation studies and applied to model the expected number of claims for policyholders of a German car insurance company. The mixing of the Gibbs samplers depends crucially on the model parameterisation and the update schemes. The best mixing is achieved when collapsed algorithms are used, reasonable low autocorrelations for the spatial e ects are obtained in this case. For the regression e ects however, autocorrelations are rather high, especially for data with very low heterogeneity. For comparison a single component Metropolis Hastings algorithms is applied which displays very good mixing for all components. Although the Metropolis Hastings sampler requires a higher computational e ort, it outperforms the Gibbs samplers which would have to be run considerably longer in order to obtain the same precision of the parameters.
Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying to a Z boson and a top or a bottom quark in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A search for single production of vector-like quarks, T and B, decaying into a Z boson and a top or a bottom quark, respectively, is presented. The search is performed using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 $fb^{−1}$. An exotic T quark production mode through the decay of a heavy Z′ resonance is also considered. The search is performed in events with a Z boson decaying leptonically, accompanied by a bottom or a top quark decaying hadronically. No excess of events is observed over the standard model background expectation. Products of production cross section and branching fraction for T and B quarks from 1.26 and 0.13 pb are excluded at 95% confidence level for the range of resonance mass considered, which is between 0.7 and 1.7 TeV. Limits on the product of the Z′ boson production cross section and branching fraction, with the Z′ boson decaying to the Tt final state, are set between 0.31 and 0.13 pb, for Z′ boson masses in the range from 1.5 to 2.5 TeV. This is the first search at 13 TeV for single production of vector-like quarks in events with a Z boson decaying leptonically accompanied by boosted jets
Recruiting children into cancer trials-role of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG)

Recruiting children into cancer trials-role of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG). The UK Children's Cancer Study Group ( UKCCSG), established in 1977, provides a highly organised structure for both service provision and research, and represents the model to which the adult cancer community is currently aspiring. Since childhood cancer is so rare, it is both essential and feasible for the vast majority of children to be referred into the network of specialist centres, and also for the maximum number of children to be recruited into national and international clinical trials. Over the last 30 - 40 years there have been major advances in treatment, such that now approximately 70% of children diagnosed with cancer will be cured of their disease. The conduct of clinical trials in this patient population does, however, raise a number of specific issues and these are discussed in the paper
Comprehensive evaluation of a New GPU-based approach to the shortest-path problem

Producción CientíficaThe Single-Source Shortest Path (SSSP) problem arises in many different fields. In this paper, we present a GPU SSSP algorithm implementation. Our work significantly speeds up the computation of the SSSP, not only with respect to a CPU-based version, but also to other state-of-the-art GPU implementations based on Dijkstra. Both GPU implementations have been evaluated using the latest NVIDIA architectures. The graphs chosen as input sets vary in nature, size, and fan-out degree, in order to evaluate the behavior of the algorithms for different data classes. Additionally, we have enhanced our GPU algorithm implementation using two optimization techniques: The use of a proper choice of threadblock size; and the modification of the GPU L1 cache memory state of NVIDIA devices. These optimizations lead to performance improvements of up to 23% with respect to the non-optimized versions. In
addition, we have made a platform comparison of several NVIDIA boards in order to distinguish which one is better for each class of graphs, depending on their features. Finally, we compare our results with an optimized sequential implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm included in the reference Boost library, obtaining an improvement ratio of up to 19x for some graph families, using less memory space.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) and ERDF program of the European Union: CAPAP-H5 network (TIN2014-53522- REDT), MOGECOPP project (TIN2011-25639); Junta de Castilla y León (Spain): ATLAS project (VA172A12-2); and the COST Program Action IC1305: NESUS
Strangeness S=-2 baryon-baryon interactions using chiral effective field
  theory

We derive the leading order strangeness S=-2 baryon-baryon interactions in
chiral effective field theory. The potential consists of contact terms without
derivatives and of one-pseudoscalar-meson exchanges. The contact terms and the
couplings of the pseudoscalar mesons to the baryons are related via SU(3)
flavor symmetry to the S=-1 hyperon-nucleon channels. We show that the chiral
effective field theory predictions with natural values for the low-energy
constants agree with the experimental information in the S=-2 sector.Comment: 10 pages, 2 PostScript figure
Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains

Control of lipid droplet (LD) nucleation and copy number are critical, yet poorly understood, processes. We use model peptides that shift from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to LDs in response to fatty acids to characterize the initial steps of LD formation occurring in lipid-starved cells. Initially, arriving lipids are rapidly packed in LDs that are resistant to starvation (pre-LDs). Pre-LDs are restricted ER microdomains with a stable core of neutral lipids. Subsequently, a first round of “emerging” LDs is nucleated, providing additional lipid storage capacity. Finally, in proportion to lipid concentration, new rounds of LDs progressively assemble. Confocal microscopy and electron tomography suggest that emerging LDs are nucleated in a limited number of ER microdomains after a synchronized stepwise process of protein gathering, lipid packaging, and recognition by Plin3 and Plin2. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is recruited early to the assembly sites, where it is required for efficient LD nucleation and lipid storag
The ecosystem of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the sub-polar front and Charlie–Gibbs Fracture Zone; ECO-MAR project strategy and description of the sampling programme 2007–2010

The ECOMAR project investigated photosynthetically-supported life on the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between the Azores and Iceland focussing on the Charlie–Gibbs Fracture Zone area in the vicinity of the sub-polar front where the North Atlantic Current crosses the MAR. Repeat visits were made to four stations at 2500 m depth on the flanks of the MAR in the years 2007–2010; a pair of northern stations at 54°N in cold water north of the sub-polar front and southern stations at 49°N in warmer water influenced by eddies from the North Atlantic Current. At each station an instrumented mooring was deployed with current meters and sediment traps (100 and 1000 m above the sea floor) to sample downward flux of particulate matter. The patterns of water flow, fronts, primary production and export flux in the region were studied by a combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements. Sonar, tow nets and profilers sampled pelagic fauna over the MAR. Swath bathymetry surveys across the ridge revealed sediment-covered flat terraces parallel to the axis of the MAR with intervening steep rocky slopes. Otter trawls, megacores, baited traps and a suite of tools carried by the R.O.V. Isis including push cores, grabs and a suction device collected benthic fauna. Video and photo surveys were also conducted using the SHRIMP towed vehicle and the R.O.V. Isis. Additional surveying and sampling by landers and R.O.V. focussed on the summit of a seamount (48°44′N, 28°10′W) on the western crest of the MAR between the two southern stations
Search for resonances decaying into top-quark pairs using fully hadronic decays in pp collisions with ATLAS at √s = 7 TeV

A search for resonances produced in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions and decaying into top-quark pairs is described. In this Letter events where the top-quark decay produces two massive jets with large transverse momenta recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are considered. Two techniques that rely on jet substructure are used to separate top-quark jets from those arising from light quarks and gluons. In addition, each massive jet is required to have evidence of an associated bottom-quark decay. The data are consistent with the Standard Model, and limits can be set on the production cross section times branching fraction of a Z′ boson and a Kaluza-Klein gluon resonance. These limits exclude, at the 95% credibility level, Z′ bosons with masses 0.70-1.00 TeV as well as 1.28-1.32 TeV and Kaluza-Klein gluons with masses 0.70-1.62 TeV.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Community-acquired pneumonia and tuberculosis : differential diagnosis and the use of fluoroquinolones

Funding: This article is based on the content of a presentation by R.F. Grossman entitled ‘‘Fluoroquinolones: a role in CAP and TB’’, part of the CME symposium entitled ‘‘Fluoroquinolones: CAP, TB and the importance of differential diagnosis’’ at the 15 th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID), Bangkok, Thailand, June 13–16, 2012, which was sponsored by Bayer HealthCare (Germany).The respiratory fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and high-dose levofloxacin are recommended in guidelines for effective empirical antimicrobial therapy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The use of these antibiotics for this indication in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) has been questioned due to the perception that they contribute both to delays in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB and to the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this review, we consider some of the important questions regarding the potential use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of CAP where the burden of TB is high. The evidence suggests that the use of fluoroquinolones as recommended for 5-10 days as empirical treatment for CAP, according to current clinical management guidelines, is appropriate even in TB-endemic regions. It is critical to quickly exclude M. tuberculosis as a cause of CAP using the most rapid relevant diagnostic investigations in the management of all patients with CAP.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Casimir densities for a boundary in Robertson-Walker spacetime

For scalar and electromagnetic fields we evaluate the vacuum expectation
value of the energy-momentum tensor induced by a curved boundary in the
Robertson--Walker spacetime with negative spatial curvature. In order to
generate the vacuum densities we use the conformal relation between the
Robertson-Walker and Rindler spacetimes and the corresponding results for a
plate moving by uniform proper acceleration through the Fulling--Rindler
vacuum. For the general case of the scale factor the vacuum energy-momentum
tensor is presented as the sum of the boundary free and boundary induced parts.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Super No-Scale F-SU(5): A Dynamic Determination of M_{1/2} and tan beta

We study the Higgs potential in No-Scale F-SU(5), a model built on the
tripodal foundations of the Flipped SU(5) x U(1)_X Grand Unified Theory, extra
F-theory derived TeV scale vector-like particle multiplets, and the high scale
boundary conditions of No-Scale Supergravity. V_min, the minimum of the
potential following radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, is a function at
fixed Z-Boson mass of the universal gaugino boundary mass M_{1/2} and
tan{\beta}, the ratio of Higgs vacuum expectation values. The No-Scale
nullification of the bilinear Higgs soft term B_mu at the boundary reduces
V_min(M_{1/2}) to a one dimensional dependency, which may be secondarily
minimized. This "Super No-Scale" condition dynamically fixes tan beta and
M_{1/2} at the local minimum minimorum of V_min. Fantastically, the walls of
this theoretically established secondary potential coalesce in descent to a
striking concurrency with the previously phenomenologically favored "golden
point" and "golden strip".Comment: V2, As accepted to Physics Letters B; 8 Pages, 2 Plots, 1 Tabl
A 119-125 GeV Higgs from a string derived slice of the CMSSM

The recent experimental hints for a relatively heavy Higgs with a mass in the
range 119-125 GeV favour supersymmetric scenarios with a large mixing in the
stop mass matrix. It has been shown that this is possible in the constrained
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM), but only for a very specific
relation between the trilinear parameter and the soft scalar mass, favouring A
~ -2m for a relatively light spectrum, and sizable values of tan(beta). We
describe here a string-derived scheme in which the first condition is automatic
and the second arises as a consequence of imposing radiative EW symmetry
breaking and viable neutralino dark matter in agreement with WMAP constraints.
More specifically, we consider modulus dominated SUSY-breaking in Type II
string compactifications and show that it leads to a very predictive CMSSM-like
scheme, with small departures due to background fluxes. Imposing the above
constraints leaves only one free parameter, which corresponds to an overall
scale. We show that in this construction $A=-3\sqrt{2}m\approx -2m$ and in the
allowed parameter space tan(beta)=38-41, leading to 119 GeV < m_h < 125 GeV. We
determine the detectability of this model and show that it could start being
probed by the LHC at 7(8) TeV with a luminosity of 5(2) fb^-1, and the whole
parameter space would be accessible for 14 TeV and 25 fb^-1. Furthermore, this
scenario can host a long-lived stau with the right properties to lead to
catalyzed BBN. We finally argue that anthropic arguments could favour the
highest value for the Higgs mass that is compatible with neutralino dark
matter, i.e., m_h~125 GeV.Comment: Effects of the new constraint on Bs->mu+mu- included. Final version
  to appear in JHEP. 45 pages, 14 figure
Massive charged scalar field in a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole
  background: quasinormal ringing

We compute characteristic (quasinormal) frequencies corresponding to decay of
a massive charged scalar field in a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole background.
It proves that, contrary to the behavior at very late times, at the stage of
quasinormal ringing the neutral perturbations will damp slower than the charged
ones. In the limit of the extremal black hole the damping rate of charged and
neutral perturbations coincides. Possible connection of this with the critical
collapse in a massive scalar electrodynamics is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, 6 figure
Resonant Amplification of Gauge Fields in Expanding Universe

We investigate the possibility that gauge fluctuations are amplified in an
expanding universe by parametric resonance, during the oscillatory regime of a
scalar field to which they are coupled. We investigate the couplings of gauge
fields to a charged scalar field and to an axion. For both couplings, gauge
field fluctuations undergo exponential instabilities. We discuss how the
presence of other charges or currents may counteract the resonance, but we
argue that in some cases the resonance will persist and that hence this
mechanism could have some relevance for the problem of large scale primordial
magnetic fields.Comment: 6 pages, title changed, one section added, version accepted on PL
Dark energy from approximate U(1)_{de} symmetry

The PLANCK observation strengthens the argument that the observed
acceleration of the Universe is dominated by the invisible component of dark
energy. We address how this extremely small DE density can be obtained in an
ultraviolet completed theory. From two mass scales, the grand unification scale
M_G and the Higgs boson mass, we parametrize this dark energy(DE). To naturally
generate an extremely small DE term, we introduce an almost flat DE potential
of a pseudo-Goldstone boson of an approximate global symmetry U(1)_{de} from
some discrete symmetries allowed in an ultraviolet completed theory. For the DE
potential to be extremely shallow, the pseudo-Goldstone boson is required not
to couple to the QCD anomaly. This fixes uniquely the nonrenormalizable term
generating the potential suppressed by M_G^7 in supergravity models.Comment: 7 pages with 4 figure
New determination of the D0->K-pi+pi0 and D0->K-pi+pi+pi- coherence
  factors and average strong-phase differences

Measurements of the coherence factors (R_Kpipi0 and R_K3pi) and the average
strong-phase differences (delta^Kpipi0_D and delta^K3pi_D) for the decays D0->
K-pi+pi0 and D0->K-pi+pi+pi- are presented. These parameters are important
inputs to the determination of the unitarity triangle angle gamma in B+/- ->
DK+/- decays, where D designates a D0 or D0bar meson decaying to a common final
state. The measurements are made using quantum correlated DDbar decays
collected by the CLEO-c experiment at the psi(3770) resonance, and augment a
previously published analysis by the inclusion of new events in which the
signal decay is tagged by the mode D-> K0Spi+pi-. The measurements also benefit
from improved knowledge of external inputs, namely the D0D0bar mixing
parameters, r_D^Kpi and several D-meson branching fractions. The measured
values are R_Kpipi0 = 0.82 +- 0.07, delta_D^Kpipi0 = (164+20-14) deg., R_K3pi =
0.32+0.20-0.28 and delta^K3pi_D = (225+21_-78) deg. Consideration is given to
how these measurements can be improved further by using the larger
quantum-correlated data set collected by BESIII.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Galaxy population properties of the massive X-ray luminous galaxy
  cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z=1.58: red-sequence formation, massive galaxy
  assembly, and central star formation activity

We investigate various galaxy population properties of the massive X-ray
luminous galaxy cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z=1.58, which constitutes the most
extreme matter density peak at this redshift currently known. We analyze deep
VLT/HAWK-I NIR data in the J- and Ks-bands, complemented by Subaru imaging in i
and V, Spitzer observations at 4.5 micron, and new spectroscopic observations
with VLT/FORS2. We detect a cluster-associated excess population of about 90
galaxies, which follows a centrally peaked, compact NFW galaxy surface density
profile with a concentration of c200~10. Based on the Spitzer 4.5 micron
imaging data, we measure a stellar mass fraction of fstar,500=(3.3+-1.4)%
consistent with local values. The total J- and Ks-band galaxy luminosity
functions of the core region yield characteristic magnitudes J* and Ks*
consistent with expectations from simple z_f=3 burst models. However, a
detailed look at the morphologies and color distributions of the
spectroscopically confirmed members reveals that the most massive galaxies are
undergoing a very active mass assembly epoch through merging processes.
Consequently, the bright end of the cluster red-sequence is not in place, while
at intermediate magnitudes [Ks*,Ks*+1.6] a red-locus population is present,
which is then sharply truncated at magnitudes fainter than Ks*+1.6. The
dominant cluster core population comprises post-quenched galaxies transitioning
towards the red-sequence at intermediate magnitudes, while additionally a
significant blue cloud population of faint star-forming galaxies is present
even in the densest central regions. Our observations lend support to the
scenario in which the dominant effect of the dense z~1.6 cluster environment is
an accelerated mass assembly timescale through merging activity that is
responsible for driving core galaxies across the mass quenching threshold of
log(Mstar/Msun)~10.4.Comment: 23 pages, 19 color figures, accepted for publication in A&A, v2
  matches journal versio