pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dynamic homogenisation of Maxwell’s equations with applications to photonic crystals and localised waveforms on gratings

AbstractA two-scale asymptotic theory is developed to generate continuum equations that model the macroscopic behaviour of electromagnetic waves in periodic photonic structures when the wavelength is not necessarily long relative to the periodic cell dimensions; potentially highly-oscillatory short-scale detail is encapsulated through integrated quantities. The resulting equations include tensors that represent effective refractive indices near band edge frequencies along all principal axes directions, and these govern scalar functions providing long-scale modulation of short-scale Bloch eigenstates, which can be used to predict the propagation of waves at frequencies outside of the long wavelength regime; these results are outside of the remit of typical homogenisation schemes.The theory we develop is applied to two topical examples, the first being the case of aligned dielectric cylinders, which has great importance in modelling photonic crystal fibres. Results of the asymptotic theory are verified against numerical simulations by comparing photonic band diagrams and evanescent decay rates for guided modes. The second example is the propagation of electromagnetic waves localised within a planar array of dielectric spheres; at certain frequencies strongly directional propagation is observed, commonly described as dynamic anisotropy. Computationally this is a challenging three-dimensional calculation, which we perform, and then demonstrate that the asymptotic theory captures the effect, giving highly accurate qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as providing interpretation for the underlying change from elliptic to hyperbolic behaviour
University Students’ Strengths Associated with an Optimal Academic and Professional Performance

AbstractAt university level, the awareness and the use of personal strengths (defined as forms of behaviour, thoughts and emotions that are associated with optimal performance), can enhance studentś learning process, and their future professional performance. However, there is little research on this topic, especially research framed within the social psychology field. The present descriptive study analyzed (a) the studentś signature strengths, (b) the signature strengths for an optimal professional performance, and (c) the signature strengths related to the academic performance. Participants were 83 students enrolled in an “Applied Social Psychology” course following an ongoing assessment in the degree of Psychology (University of Barcelona). To assess the studentś personal strengths, the “Values in Action” Inventory of Strengths was used (VIA-IS; Seligman, Park & Peterson, 2004). To evaluate the academic performance, a total score was calculated from the weighted average of: (1) a test, (2) two individual works, and (3) teamwork. The strengths needed for an optimal professional performance were discussed until a consensus was reached during a session conducted by the professors. The signature strengths more commonly encountered in the sample were in this order: gratitude, teamwork, fairness, perspective and kindness. The signature strengths related to the professional practice were: curiosity, social intelligence, perspective, hope and self-regulation. Finally, the strengths showing a greater relationship with the academic performance were: perseverance, teamwork, prudence, honesty and self-regulation. Overall, it should be noticed that teamwork was one of the students’ signature strengths related to optimal academic performance, and perspective was one of the students’ signature strengths related to optimal professional performance. However, the majority of strengths related to academic and professional domains did not coincide. This lack of relationship represents an opportunity to develop learning practices that enhance those participantś signature strengths that are more related to an optimal performance in the professional and academic fields
Non-CpG Methylation of the PGC-1α Promoter through DNMT3B Controls Mitochondrial Density

SummaryEpigenetic modification through DNA methylation is implicated in metabolic disease. Using whole-genome promoter methylation analysis of skeletal muscle from normal glucose-tolerant and type 2 diabetic subjects, we identified cytosine hypermethylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) in diabetic subjects. Methylation levels were negatively correlated with PGC-1α mRNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Bisulfite sequencing revealed that the highest proportion of cytosine methylation within PGC-1α was found within non-CpG nucleotides. Non-CpG methylation was acutely increased in human myotubes by exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or free fatty acids, but not insulin or glucose. Selective silencing of the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B), but not DNMT1 or DNMT3A, prevented palmitate-induced non-CpG methylation of PGC-1α and decreased mtDNA and PGC-1α mRNA. We provide evidence for PGC-1α hypermethylation, concomitant with reduced mitochondrial content in type 2 diabetic patients, and link DNMT3B to the acute fatty-acid-induced non-CpG methylation of PGC-1α promoter
Resistance of endodontically treated roots restored with different fibre post systems with or without post space preparation: in vitro analysis and SEM investigation

AbstractAimTo compare the mechanical resistance to fracture of two conical post systems placed with no preparation of the root canal with that of double taper fibre posts seated in endodontically treated single roots after standard post space preparation using dedicated drills.MethodologyThirty fibre posts with double (G1, n=10, DT Light Post) and single taper (G2, n=10, SurgiPost Multiconical; G3, n=10, Tech ES Endoshape) were luted with self-adhesive cement in endodontically treated single roots using different post space preparation techniques. The bonded posts were experimentally loaded until failure and the maximum load to fracture was registered. Fracture patterns were qualitatively evaluated and SEM analysis was performed to assess the quality of endodontic treatments and cementation. Data were statistically analysed by means of one-way ANOVA.ResultsThe mean maximum load to fracture was 165.05±23.46N in G1, 151.52±16.23N in G2 and 129.09±15.25N in G3. Statistically significant differences were pointed out between G1 and G3 (p<0.01) and G2 and G3 (p<0.05). No root fractures were evidenced. SEM analyses showed slightly thicker cement layers at the apical and middle thirds of single taper posts (G2 and G3).ConclusionsDT Light Post and SurgiPost Multiconical fibre posts showed similar properties in terms of mechanical resistance to fracture and higher than those of Tech ES Endoshape. Unrestorable root fractures did not occur with any of the tested posts
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractWe report a search for first generation scalar leptoquarks using 1.03 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at s=7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. Leptoquarks are sought via their decay into an electron or neutrino and a quark, producing events with two oppositely charged electrons and at least two jets, or events with an electron, missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. Control data samples are used to validate background predictions from Monte Carlo simulation. In the signal region, the observed event yields are consistent with the background expectations. We exclude at 95% confidence level the production of first generation scalar leptoquark with masses mLQ<660(607) GeV when assuming the branching fraction of a leptoquark to a charged lepton is equal to 1.0 (0.5)
Disruption of mouse ERCC1 results in a novel repair syndrome with growth failure, nuclear abnormalities and senescence

AbstractBackground: The structure-specific ERCC1/XPF endonuclease complex that contains the ERCC1 and XPF subunits is implicated in the repair of two distinct types of lesions in DNA: nucleotide excision repair (NER) for ultraviolet-induced lesions and bulky chemical adducts; and recombination repair of the very genotoxic interstrand cross-links.Results: Here, we present a detailed analysis of two types of mice with mutations in ERCC1, one in which the gene is ‘knocked out’, and one in which the encoded protein contains a seven amino-acid carboxy-terminal truncation. In addition to the previously reported symptoms of severe runting, abnormalities of liver nuclei and greatly reduced lifespan (which appeared less severe in the truncation mutant), both types of ERCC1-mutant mouse exhibited an absence of subcutaneous fat, early onset of ferritin deposition in the spleen, kidney malfunction, gross abnormalities of ploidy and cytoplasmic invaginations in nuclei of liver and kidney, and compromised NER and cross-link repair. We also found that heterozygosity for ERCC1 mutations did not appear to provide a selective advantage for chemically induced tumorigenesis. An important clue to the cause of the very severe ERCC1-mutant phenotypes is our finding that ERCC1-mutant cells undergo premature replicative senescence, unlike cells from mice with a defect only in NER.Conclusions: Our results strongly suggest that the accumulation in ERCC1-mutant mice of endogenously generated DNA interstrand cross-links, which are normally repaired by ERCC1-dependent recombination repair, underlies both the early onset of cell cycle arrest and polyploidy in the liver and kidney. Thus, our work provides an insight into the molecular basis of ageing and highlights the role of ERCC1 and interstrand DNA cross-links
Massive Jackiw–Rebbi model

AbstractIn this paper we analyze a generalized Jackiw–Rebbi (JR) model in which a massive fermion is coupled to the kink of the λϕ4 model as a prescribed background field. We solve this massive JR model exactly and analytically and obtain the whole spectrum of the fermion, including the bound and continuum states. The mass term of the fermion makes the potential of the decoupled second order Schrödinger-like equations asymmetric in a way that their asymptotic values at two spatial infinities are different. Therefore, we encounter the unusual problem in which two kinds of continuum states are possible for the fermion: reflecting and scattering states. We then show the energies of all the states as a function of the parameters of the kink, i.e. its value at spatial infinity (θ0) and its slope at x=0 (μ). The graph of the energies as a function of θ0, where the bound state energies and the two kinds of continuum states are depicted, shows peculiar features including an energy gap in the form of a triangle where no bound states exist. That is, the zero mode exists only for θ0 larger than a critical value (θ0c). This is in sharp contrast to the usual (massless) JR model where the zero mode and hence the fermion number ±1/2 for the ground state is ever present. This also makes the origin of the zero mode very clear: It is formed from the union of the two threshold bound states at θ0c, which is zero in the massless JR model
Lifshitz holographic superconductor in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

AbstractWe study the holographic phase transition of superconductor dual to a Lifshitz black brane probed by an anisotropic scalar field in the probe limit in Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. With the use of numerical and analytical method, we investigate how the critical temperature of the condensation is affected by the Lifshitz exponent z, α-correction term in the action as well as the dimensions of the gravity. We also numerically explore the condensation of the dual operator and optical conductivity of the holographic system. Various interesting properties of the holographic condensation affected by the parameters of model are discussed
Observation of the decay B‾s0→ψ(2S)K+π−

AbstractThe decay B‾s0→ψ(2S)K+π− is observed using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The branching fraction relative to the B0→ψ(2S)K+π− decay mode is measured to beB(B‾s0→ψ(2S)K+π−)B(B0→ψ(2S)K+π−)=5.38±0.36(stat)±0.22(syst)±0.31(fs/fd)%, where fs/fd indicates the uncertainty due to the ratio of probabilities for a b quark to hadronise into a Bs0 or B0 meson. Using an amplitude analysis, the fraction of decays proceeding via an intermediate K⁎(892)0 meson is measured to be 0.645±0.049(stat)±0.049(syst) and its longitudinal polarisation fraction is 0.524±0.056(stat)±0.029(syst). The relative branching fraction for this component is determined to beB(B‾s0→ψ(2S)K⁎(892)0)B(B0→ψ(2S)K⁎(892)0)=5.58±0.57(stat)±0.40(syst)±0.32(fs/fd)%. In addition, the mass splitting between the Bs0 and B0 mesons is measured asM(Bs0)−M(B0)=87.45±0.44(stat)±0.09(syst) MeV/c2
Lorentz-invariant ensembles of vector backgrounds

AbstractWe consider gauge field theories in the presence of ensembles of vector backgrounds. While Lorentz invariance is explicitly broken in the presence of any single background, here, the Lorentz invariance of the theory is restored by averaging over a Lorentz-invariant ensemble of backgrounds, i.e., a set of background vectors that is mapped onto itself under Lorentz transformations. This framework is used to study the effects of a non-trivial but Lorentz-invariant vacuum structure or mass dimension two vector condensates by identifying the background with a shift of the gauge field. Up to now, the ensembles used in the literature comprise configurations corresponding to non-zero field tensors together with such with vanishing field strength. We find that even when constraining the ensembles to pure gauge configurations, the usual high-energy degrees of freedom are removed from the spectrum of asymptotic states in the presence of said backgrounds in Euclidean and in Minkowski space. We establish this result not only for the propagators to all orders in the background and otherwise at tree level but for the full propagator
On the Yang–Baxter equation for the six-vertex model

AbstractIn this paper we review the theory of the Yang–Baxter equation related to the 6-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. We employ a 3D approach to the problem. Starting with the 3D R-matrix, we consider a two-layer projection of the corresponding 3D lattice model. As a result, we obtain a new expression for the higher spin R-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra Uq(sl(2)ˆ). In the simplest case of the spin s=1/2 this R-matrix naturally reduces to the R-matrix of the 6-vertex model. Taking a special limit in our construction we also obtain new formulas for the Q-operators acting in the representation space of arbitrary (half-)integer spin. Remarkably, this construction can be naturally extended to any complex values of spin s. We also give all functional equations satisfied by the transfer-matrices and Q-operators
Fusion products of Kirillov–Reshetikhin modules and fermionic multiplicity formulas

AbstractWe give a complete description of the graded multiplicity space which appears in the Feigin–Loktev fusion product of graded Kirillov–Reshetikhin modules for all simple Lie algebras. This construction is used to obtain an upper bound formula for the fusion coefficients in these cases. The formula generalizes the case of g=Ar of our previous paper, where the multiplicities are generalized Kostka polynomials. In the case of other Lie algebras, the formula is the fermionic side of the X=M conjecture. In the cases where the Kirillov–Reshetikhin conjecture, regarding the decomposition formula for tensor products of KR-modules, has been proven in its original, restricted form, our result provides a proof of the conjectures of Feigin and Loktev regarding the fusion product multiplicities
Measurement of W± and Z-boson production cross sections in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractMeasurements of the W±→ℓ±ν and Z→ℓ+ℓ− production cross sections (where ℓ±=e±,μ±) in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb−1. The total inclusive W±-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are σW+tot=11.83±0.02 (stat)±0.32 (sys)±0.25 (lumi) nb and σW−tot=8.79±0.02 (stat)±0.24 (sys)±0.18 (lumi) nb for W+ and W−, respectively. The total inclusive Z-boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window 66<mℓℓ<116 GeV, is σZtot=1.981±0.007 (stat)±0.038 (sys)±0.042 (lumi) nb. The W+, W−, and Z-boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in σW+fid/σW−fid=1.295±0.003 (stat)±0.010 (sys) and σW±fid/σZfid=10.31±0.04 (stat)±0.20 (sys). Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and to next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements
Detail REA production planning model using value chain

AbstractREA (resource-event-agent) is an ontology based on the value oriented perspective of resources, utilized in business process modeling. The value chain model is a network of business processes that are bound by the inflows and outflows of resources, the result of which provides an overview of the business processes of a particular enterprise and validates the consistency of the whole model. The fact that resources can only flow among business processes considerably restricts activities such as planning, controlling and monitoring. The paper designs advancement how to adopt the REA value chain model in order to effectively comprise the flows of entities between two neighboring REA process models at both operational and policy levels
On integrable deformations of superstring sigma models related to AdSn×Sn supercosets

AbstractWe consider two integrable deformations of 2d sigma models on supercosets associated with AdSn×Sn. The first, the “η-deformation” (based on the Yang–Baxter sigma model), is a one-parameter generalization of the standard superstring action on AdSn×Sn, while the second, the “λ-deformation” (based on the deformed gauged WZW model), is a generalization of the non-abelian T-dual of the AdSn×Sn superstring. We show that the η-deformed model may be obtained from the λ-deformed one by a special scaling limit and analytic continuation in coordinates combined with a particular identification of the parameters of the two models. The relation between the couplings and deformation parameters is consistent with the interpretation of the first model as a real quantum deformation and the second as a root of unity quantum deformation. For the AdS2×S2 case we then explore the effect of this limit on the supergravity background associated with the λ-deformed model. We also suggest that the two models may form a dual Poisson–Lie pair and provide direct evidence for this in the case of the integrable deformations of the coset associated with S2
Zinc finger homeobox is required for the differentiation of serotonergic neurons in the sea urchin embryo

AbstractSerotonergic neurons differentiate in the neurogenic animal plate ectoderm of the sea urchin embryo. The regulatory mechanisms that control the specification or differentiation of these neurons in the sea urchin embryo are not yet understood, although, after the genome was sequenced, many genes encoding transcription factors expressed in this region were identified. Here, we report that zinc finger homeobox (zfhx1/z81) is expressed in serotonergic neural precursor cells, using double in situ hybridization screening with a serotonergic neural marker, tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (tph) encoding a serotonin synthase that is required for the differentiation of serotonergic neurons. zfhx1/z81 begins to be expressed at gastrula stage in individual cells in the anterior neuroectoderm, some of which also express delta. zfhx1/z81 expression gradually disappears as neural differentiation begins with tph expression. When the translation of Zfhx1/Z81 is blocked by morpholino injection, embryos express neither tph nor the neural marker synaptotagminB in cells of the animal plate, and serotonergic neurons do not differentiate. In contrast, Zfhx1/Z81 morphants do express fez, another neural precursor marker, which appears to function in the initial phase of specification/differentiation of serotonergic neurons. In addition, zfhx1/z81 is one of the targets suppressed in the animal plate by anti-neural signals such as Nodal as well as Delta-Notch. We conclude that Zfhx1/Z81 functions during the specification of individual anterior neural precursors and promotes the expression of tph and synaptotagminB, required for the differentiation of serotonergic neurons
Do computed tomography and its 3D reconstruction increase the reproducibility of classifications of fractures of the proximal extremity of the humerus?

AbstractObjectiveto determine whether 3D reconstruction images from computed tomography (CT) increase the inter and intraobserver agreement of the Neer and Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification systems.Methodsradiographic images and tomographic images with 3D reconstruction were obtained in three shoulder positions and were analyzed on two occasions by four independent observers.Resultsthe radiographic evaluation demonstrated that using CT improved the inter and intraobserver agreement of the Neer classification. This was not seen with the AO classification, in which CT was only shown to increase the interobserver agreement.Conclusionuse of 3D CT allows better evaluation of fractures with regard to their component parts and their displacements, but nevertheless the intraobserver agreement presented is less than ideal
The Sensory Quality of Meat, Game, Poultry, Seafood and Meat Products as Affected by Intense Light Pulses: A Systematic Review

AbstractThe effect of intense light pulses (ILP) on sensory quality of 16 different varieties of meat, meat products, game, poultry and seafood are reviewed. Changes induced by ILP are animal species, type of meat product and fluences applied dependent. ILP significantly deteriorates sensory quality of cooked meat products. It causes less change in the sensory properties of dry cured than cooked meat products while fermented sausage is least affected. The higher fluence applied significantly changes the instrumental color values of meat, poultry, game and meat products. The use of ILP on seafood regarding its influence on sensory quality is promising