pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Equivalence of the self-dual and Nambu-Goto strings

We establish explicitely the relation between the algebraic and Nambu-Goto
strings when the target space is a four dimensional flat space. We find that
the two theories are exactly equivalent only when the algebraic string is
restricted to the self-dual or anti self-dual sectors. In its Hamiltonian
formulation, the algebraic string defines a constrained system with first and
second class constraints. In the self-dual case, we exhibit the appropriate set
of second class constraints such that the resulting physical phase space is
formulated in the same way as it is in the standard Nambu-Goto string. We
conclude with a discussion on alternative quantisation schemes.Comment: 20 page
Emergent Dark Matter, Baryon, and Lepton Numbers

We present a new mechanism for transferring a pre-existing lepton or baryon asymmetry to a dark matter asymmetry that relies on mass mixing which is dynamically induced in the early universe. Such mixing can succeed with only generic scales and operators and can give rise to distinctive relationships between the asymmetries in the two sectors. The mixing eliminates the need for the type of additional higher-dimensional operators that are inherent to many current asymmetric dark matter models. We consider several implementations of this idea. In one model, mass mixing is temporarily induced during a two-stage electroweak phase transition in a two Higgs doublet model. In the other class of models, mass mixing is induced by large ﬁeld vacuum expectation values at high temperatures — either moduli ﬁelds or even more generic kinetic terms. Mass mixing models of this type can readily accommodate asymmetric dark matter masses ranging from 1 GeV to 100 TeV and expand the scope of possible relationships between the dark and visible sectors in such models.Physic
Counterterms vs. Dualities

We investigate and clarify the mutual compatibility of the higher order
corrections arising in supergravity and string theory effective actions and the
non-linear duality symmetries of these theories. Starting from a conventional
tree level action leading to duality invariant equations of motion, we show how
to accommodate duality invariant counterterms given as functionals of both
electric and magnetic fields in a perturbative expansion, and to deduce from
them a non-polynomial bona fide action satisfying the Gaillard-Zumino
constraint. There exists a corresponding consistency constraint in the
non-covariant Henneaux-Teitelboim formalism which ensures that one can always
restore diffeomorphism invariance by perturbatively solving this functional
identity. We illustrate how this procedure works for the R^2 \nabla F \nabla F
and F^4 counterterms in Maxwell theory.Comment: 15 page
Classical integrability in the BTZ black hole

Using the fact the BTZ black hole is a quotient of AdS_3 we show that
classical string propagation in the BTZ background is integrable. We construct
the flat connection and its monodromy matrix which generates the non-local
charges. From examining the general behaviour of the eigen values of the
monodromy matrix we determine the set of integral equations which constrain
them. These equations imply that each classical solution is characterized by a
density function in the complex plane. For classical solutions which correspond
to geodesics and winding strings we solve for the eigen values of the monodromy
matrix explicitly and show that geodesics correspond to zero density in the
complex plane. We solve the integral equations for BMN and magnon like
solutions and obtain their dispersion relation. Finally we show that the set of
integral equations which constrain the eigen values of the monodromy matrix can
be identified with the continuum limit of the Bethe equations of a twisted
SL(2, R) spin chain at one loop.Comment: 45 pages, Reference added, typos corrected, discussion on geodesics
  improved to include all geodesic
Ectoplasm with an Edge

The construction of supersymmetric invariant actions on a spacetime manifold
with a boundary is carried out using the "ectoplasm" formalism for the
construction of closed forms in superspace. Non-trivial actions are obtained
from the pull-backs to the bosonic bodies of closed but non-exact forms in
superspace; finding supersymmetric invariants thus becomes a cohomology
problem. For a spacetime with a boundary, the appropriate mathematical language
changes to relative cohomology, which we use to give a general formulation of
off-shell supersymmetric invariants in the presence of boundaries. We also
relate this construction to the superembedding formalism for the construction
of brane actions, and we give examples with bulk spacetimes of dimension 3, 4
and 5. The closed superform in the 5D example needs to be constructed as a
Chern-Simons type of invariant, obtained from a closed 6-form displaying Weil
triviality.Comment: 25 page
On I-even Singlet Glueballs in the Klebanov-Strassler Theory

In this note we study vector fluctuations over the Klebanov-Strassler type
IIB supergravity solution that are even under the I-conjugation. We are
interested only in the states invariant under the global SU(2)x SU(2) symmetry.
Apart from the glueball dual to the R-current there is one more 1++ state,
which is a member of a massive vector multiplet containing also a scalar 0++.
Combined with previous results, our analysis allows to complete the list of low
energy singlet supermultiplets in the Klebanov-Strassler theory.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
On the symmetry orbits of black holes in non-linear sigma models

Breitenlohner, Maison and Gibbons claimed some time ago that all bona-fide
four dimensional asymptotically flat non-degenerate black holes are in a
symmetry orbit of the Schwarzschild/Kerr black hole in a large set of theories
of gravity and matter. Their argument involved reducing the theory on a
time-like Killing vector field and analysing the resulting three dimensional
sigma model of maps to a symmetric space $G/H$. In the construction of their
proof, they conjectured the existence of a suitable $H$-transformation that
always remove the electromagnetic charges of the four dimensional black hole
solution. We show in this short note that such a transformation does not exist
in general, and discuss a set of boundary conditions on the horizon for the
scalar fields in the sigma model that yield black holes for which the result by
Breitenlohner, Maison and Gibbons can be applied.Comment: 8 page
Double-logs, Gribov-Lipatov reciprocity and wrapping

We study analytical properties of the five-loop anomalous dimension of
twist-2 operators at negative even values of Lorentz spin. Following L. N.
Lipatov and A. I. Onishchenko, we have found two possible generalizations of
double-logarithmic equation, which allow to predict a lot of poles of anomalous
dimension of twist-2 operators at all orders of perturbative theory from the
known results. Second generalization is related with the reciprocity-respecting
function, which is a single-logarithmic function in this case. We have found,
that the knowledge of first orders of the reciprocity-respecting function gives
all-loop predictions for the highest poles. Obtained predictions can be used
for the reconstruction of a general form of the wrapping corrections for
twist-2 operators.Comment: 17 pages, references adde
The Hawking-Page crossover in noncommutative anti-deSitter space

We study the problem of a Schwarzschild-anti-deSitter black hole in a
noncommutative geometry framework, thought to be an effective description of
quantum-gravitational spacetime. As a first step we derive the noncommutative
geometry inspired Schwarzschild-anti-deSitter solution. After studying the
horizon structure, we find that the curvature singularity is smeared out by the
noncommutative fluctuations. On the thermodynamics side, we show that the black
hole temperature, instead of a divergent behavior at small scales, admits a
maximum value. This fact implies an extension of the Hawking-Page transition
into a van der Waals-like phase diagram, with a critical point at a critical
cosmological constant size in Plank units and a smooth crossover thereafter. We
speculate that, in the gauge-string dictionary, this corresponds to the
confinement "critical point" in number of colors at finite number of flavors, a
highly non-trivial parameter that can be determined through lattice
simulations.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure, 1 table, version matching that published on JHE
Inclusive and Exclusive observables from dipoles in high energy
  collisions

We present a new model for simulating exclusive final states in minimum-bias
collisions between hadrons. In a series of papers we have developed a Monte
Carlo model based on Mueller's dipole picture of BFKL-evolution, supplemented
with non-leading corrections, which has shown to be very successful in
describing inclusive and semi-inclusive observables in hadron collisions. In
this paper we present a further extension of this model to also describe
exclusive final states. This is a highly non-trivial extension, and we have
encountered many details that influence the description, and for which no
guidance from perturbative QCD could be found. Hence we have had to make many
choices based on semi-classical and phenomenological arguments. The end result
is a new event generator called DIPSY which can be used to simulate complete
minimum-bias non-diffractive hadronic collision events. Although the
description of data from the Tevatron and LHC is not quite as good as for
PYTHIA, the most advanced of the general purpose event generator programs for
these processes, our results are clearly competitive, and can be expected to
improve with careful tuning. In addition, as our model is very different from
conventional multiple scattering scenaria, the DIPSY program can be used to
gain deeper insight in the soft and semi-hard processes involved both in
hadronic and heavy ion collisions.Comment: 42 pages. v2: minor edit
The problematic backreaction of SUSY-breaking branes

In this paper we investigate the localisation of SUSY-breaking branes which, in the smeared approximation, support specific non-BPS vacua. We show, for a wide class of boundary conditions, that there is no flux vacuum when the branes are described by a genuine delta-function. Even more, we find that the smeared solution is the unique solution with a regular brane profile. Our setup consists of a non-BPS AdS(7) solution in massive IIA supergravity with smeared anti-D6-branes and fluxes T-dual to ISD fluxes in IIB supergravity.Swedish Research CouncilGöran Gustafsson FoundationDFG/Emmy Noether ProgramDFG/EXC/QUESTAlfred P. Sloan FoundationNSF/PHY-0757868NSF/PHY05-5116
New Constraints (and Motivations) for Abelian Gauge Bosons in the
  MeV-TeV Mass Range

We survey the phenomenological constraints on abelian gauge bosons having
masses in the MeV to multi-GeV mass range (using precision electroweak
measurements, neutrino-electron and neutrino-nucleon scattering, electron and
muon anomalous magnetic moments, upsilon decay, beam dump experiments, atomic
parity violation, low-energy neutron scattering and primordial
nucleosynthesis). We compute their implications for the three parameters that
in general describe the low-energy properties of such bosons: their mass and
their two possible types of dimensionless couplings (direct couplings to
ordinary fermions and kinetic mixing with Standard Model hypercharge). We argue
that gauge bosons with very small couplings to ordinary fermions in this mass
range are natural in string compactifications and are likely to be generic in
theories for which the gravity scale is systematically smaller than the Planck
mass - such as in extra-dimensional models - because of the necessity to
suppress proton decay. Furthermore, because its couplings are weak, in the
low-energy theory relevant to experiments at and below TeV scales the charge
gauged by the new boson can appear to be broken, both by classical effects and
by anomalies. In particular, if the new gauge charge appears to be anomalous,
anomaly cancellation does not also require the introduction of new light
fermions in the low-energy theory. Furthermore, the charge can appear to be
conserved in the low-energy theory, despite the corresponding gauge boson
having a mass. Our results reduce to those of other authors in the special
cases where there is no kinetic mixing or there is no direct coupling to
ordinary fermions, such as for recently proposed dark-matter scenarios.Comment: 49 pages + appendix, 21 figures. This is the final version which
  appears in JHE
MHV Diagrams from an All-Line Recursion Relation

We consider the recursion relation for loop integrands in planar N = 4 SYM
generated by an all-line shift of momentum twistors. We examine the behaviour
of the rational loop integrands when the shift parameter becomes large, and
find that a valid recursion relation may be obtained in all cases. The
recursion relation is then formulated both in region momentum space and in
momentum twistor space, and solved in detail for some one and two-loop
examples. Finally, we show that the general iterative solution of the recursion
relation generates the MHV vertex expansion for all loop integrands, providing
a proof of the MHV diagram formalism for all loop amplitudes in planar N = 4
SYM.Comment: 37 page
UV-Completion by Classicalization

We suggest a novel approach to UV-completion of a class of non-renormalizable
theories, according to which the high-energy scattering amplitudes get
unitarized by production of extended classical objects (classicalons), playing
a role analogous to black holes, in the case of non-gravitational theories. The
key property of classicalization is the existence of a classicalizer field that
couples to energy-momentum sources. Such localized sources are excited in
high-energy scattering processes and lead to the formation of classicalons. Two
kinds of natural classicalizers are Nambu-Goldstone bosons (or, equivalently,
longitudinal polarizations of massive gauge fields) and scalars coupled to
energy-momentum type sources. Classicalization has interesting phenomenological
applications for the UV-completion of the Standard Model both with or without
the Higgs. In the Higgless Standard Model the high-energy scattering amplitudes
of longitudinal $W$-bosons self-unitarize via classicalization, without the
help of any new weakly-coupled physics. Alternatively, in the presence of a
Higgs boson, classicalization could explain the stabilization of the hierarchy.
In both scenarios the high-energy scatterings are dominated by the formation of
classicalons, which subsequently decay into many particle states. The
experimental signatures at the LHC are quite distinctive, with sharp
differences in the two cases.Comment: 37 page
Emergent Schrodinger geometries from mass-deformed CFT

We study an M-theory solution for the holographic flow of AdS4 times Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifolds with skew-whiffing, perturbed by a mass operator. The infrared solution contains the 5 dimensional Schrodinger geometry after considering the gravity dual of the standard non-relativistic limit of relativistic field theories. The mass deformation of the field theory is discussed in detail for the case with 7 manifold being a round sphere.We study an M-theory solution for the holographic flow of AdS4 times Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifolds with skew-whiffing, perturbed by a mass operator. The infrared solution contains the 5 dimensional Schrodinger geometry after considering the gravity dual of the standard non-relativistic limit of relativistic field theories. The mass deformation of the field theory is discussed in detail for the case with 7 manifold being a round sphere.1
A microscopic theory of gauge mediation

We construct models of indirect gauge mediation where the dynamics
responsible for breaking supersymmetry simultaneously generates a weakly
coupled subsector of messengers. This provides a microscopic realization of
messenger gauge mediation where the messenger and hidden sector fields are
unified into a single sector. The UV theory is SQCD with massless and massive
quarks plus singlets, and at low energies it flows to a weakly coupled quiver
gauge theory. One node provides the primary source of supersymmetry breaking,
which is then transmitted to the node giving rise to the messenger fields.
These models break R-symmetry spontaneously, produce realistic gaugino and
sfermion masses, and give a heavy gravitino.Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, accepted to JHEP for publicatio
The Spectrum of Goldstini and Modulini

When supersymmetry is broken in multiple sectors via independent dynamics,
the theory furnishes a corresponding multiplicity of "goldstini" degrees of
freedom which may play a substantial role in collider phenomenology and
cosmology. In this paper, we explore the tree-level mass spectrum of goldstini
arising from a general admixture of F-term, D-term, and almost no-scale
supersymmetry breaking, employing non-linear superfields and a novel gauge
fixing for supergravity discussed in a companion paper. In theories of F-term
and D-term breaking, goldstini acquire a mass which is precisely twice the
gravitino mass, while the inclusion of no-scale breaking renders one of these
modes, the modulino, massless. We argue that the vanishing modulino mass can be
explained in terms of an accidental and spontaneously broken "global"
supersymmetry.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures; v2: typo corrected, references updated; v3:
  version to appear in JHE
One-loop adjoint masses for non-supersymmetric intersecting branes

We consider breaking of supersymmetry in intersecting D-brane configurations
by slight deviation of the angles from their supersymmetric values. We compute
the masses generated by radiative corrections for the adjoint scalars on the
brane world-volumes. In the open string channel, the string two-point function
receives contributions only from the infrared and the ultraviolet limits. The
latter is due to tree-level closed string uncanceled NS-NS tadpoles, which we
explicitly reproduce from the effective Born-Infeld action. On the other hand,
the infrared region reproduces the one-loop mediation of supersymmetry breaking
in the effective gauge theory, via messengers and their Kaluza-Klein
excitations. In the toroidal set-up considered here, it receives contributions
only from broken N=4 and N=2 supersymmetric configurations, and thus always
leads at leading order to a tachyonic direction, in agreement with effective
field theory expectations.Comment: 40 page
NLO matrix elements and truncated showers

In this publication, an algorithm is presented that combines the ME+PS
approach to merge sequences of tree-level matrix elements into inclusive event
samples with the POWHEG method, which combines exact next-to-leading order
matrix element results with the parton shower. It was developed in parallel to
the MENLOPS technique and has been implemented in the event generator Sherpa.
The benefits of this approach are exemplified by some first predictions for a
number of processes, namely the production of jets in e+ e- annihilation, in
deep-inelastic ep scattering, in association with single W, Z or Higgs bosons,
and with vector boson pairs at hadron colliders.Comment: 34 pages, 24 figures, v2 as accepted for publication in JHEP:
  extended discussion of unitarity violation
Bounds for State Degeneracies in 2D Conformal Field Theory

In this note we explore the application of modular invariance in
2-dimensional CFT to derive universal bounds for quantities describing certain
state degeneracies, such as the thermodynamic entropy, or the number of
marginal operators. We show that the entropy at inverse temperature 2 pi
satisfies a universal lower bound, and we enumerate the principal obstacles to
deriving upper bounds on entropies or quantum mechanical degeneracies for fully
general CFTs. We then restrict our attention to infrared stable CFT with
moderately low central charge, in addition to the usual assumptions of modular
invariance, unitarity and discrete operator spectrum. For CFT in the range
c_left + c_right < 48 with no relevant operators, we are able to prove an upper
bound on the thermodynamic entropy at inverse temperature 2 pi. Under the same
conditions we also prove that a CFT can have a number of marginal deformations
no greater than ((c_left + c_right) / (48 - c_left - c_right)) e^(4 Pi) - 2.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, minor change
SL(2,R) Chern-Simons, Liouville, and Gauge Theory on Duality Walls

We propose an equivalence of the partition functions of two different 3d
gauge theories. On one side of the correspondence we consider the partition
function of 3d SL(2,R) Chern-Simons theory on a 3-manifold, obtained as a
punctured Riemann surface times an interval. On the other side we have a
partition function of a 3d N=2 superconformal field theory on S^3, which is
realized as a duality domain wall in a 4d gauge theory on S^4. We sketch the
proof of this conjecture using connections with quantum Liouville theory and
quantum Teichmuller theory, and study in detail the example of the
once-punctured torus. Motivated by these results we advocate a direct
Chern-Simons interpretation of the ingredients of (a generalization of) the
Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa relation. We also comment on M5-brane realizations as
well as on possible generalizations of our proposals.Comment: 53+1 pages, 14 figures; v2: typos corrected, references adde
The Hagedorn spectrum and large $N_c$ QCD in 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions

We show that a Hagedorn spectrum (i.e., spectrum where the number of hadrons
grows exponentially with the mass) emerges automatically in large $N_c$ QCD in
2+1 and 3+1 dimensions. The approach is based on the study of Euclidean space
correlation functions for composite operators constructed from quark and gluon
fields and exploits the fact that the short time behavior of the correlators is
known in QCD. The demonstration relies on one critical assumption: that
perturbation theory accurately describes the trace of the logarithm of a matrix
of point-to-point correlation functions in the regime where the perturbative
corrections to the asymptotically free value are small.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Dependence on pseudorapidity and on centrality of charged hadron production in PbPb collisions at p sNN = 2.76 TeV

A measurement is presented of the charged hadron multiplicity in hadronic PbPb collisions, as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality, at a collision energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. The data sample is collected using the CMS detector and a minimum-bias trigger, with the CMS solenoid off. The number of charged hadrons is measured both by counting the number of reconstructed particle hits and by forming hit doublets of pairs of layers in the pixel detector. The two methods give consistent results. The charged hadron multiplicity density dN(ch)/d eta, evaluated at eta=0 for head-on collisions, is found to be 1612 +/- 55, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects. Comparisons of these results to previous measurements and to various models are also presented
Dependence on pseudorapidity and on centrality of charged hadron production in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV

A measurement is presented of the charged hadron multiplicity in hadronic PbPb collisions, as a function of pseudorapidity and centrality, at a collision energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair. The data sample is collected using the CMS detector and a minimum-bias trigger, with the CMS solenoid off. The number of charged hadrons is measured both by counting the number of reconstructed particle hits and by forming hit doublets of pairs of layers in the pixel detector. The two methods give consistent results. The charged hadron multiplicity density, dN ch /dη| η=0, for head-on collisions is found to be 1612 ± 55, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects. Comparisons of these results to previous measurements and to various models are also presented.Peer Reviewe