pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
H.E.S.S. observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and spectral resolution: evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the X-ray emitting shell

Supernova remnants exhibit shock fronts (shells) that can accelerate charged particles up to very high energies. In the past decade, measurements of a handful of shell-type supernova remnants in very high-energy gamma rays have provided unique insights into the acceleration process. Among those objects, RX J1713.7−3946 (also known as G347.3−0.5) has the largest surface brightness, allowing us in the past to perform the most comprehensive study of morphology and spatially resolved spectra of any such very high-energy gamma-ray source. Here we present extensive new H.E.S.S. measurements of RX J1713.7−3946, almost doubling the observation time compared to our previous publication. Combined with new improved analysis tools, the previous sensitivity is more than doubled. The H.E.S.S. angular resolution of 0.048° (0.036° above 2 TeV) is unprecedented in gamma-ray astronomy and probes physical scales of 0.8 (0.6) parsec at the remnant’s location. The new H.E.S.S. image of RX J1713.7−3946 allows us to reveal clear morphological differences between X-rays and gamma rays. In particular, for the outer edge of the brightest shell region, we find the first ever indication for particles in the process of leaving the acceleration shock region. By studying the broadband energy spectrum, we furthermore extract properties of the parent particle populations, providing new input to the discussion of the leptonic or hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission mechanism.H. Abdalla … R. Blackwell … P. de Wilt … J. Hawkes … J. Lau … N. Maxted … G. Rowell … F. Voisin … et al. [The H.E.S.S. Collaboration
Probing "green" industry enterprises in the UK : a new identification approach

There is a growing interest in innovation for sustainability and the development of green industries and green jobs. But how can green industries, green manufacturing jobs, and green goods innovation be measured? This paper probes current and recent attempts to define and measure these categories, with a focus on studies in the UK. We review the methods, estimates and trends contained in these studies. While these efforts have value, they also raise significant conceptual and measurement issues. The paper discusses a series of these issues and considers strategies to further refine the categorization and detection of green sector enterprises. A new identification approach is put forward using search term combinations and text mining to discern green goods sector companies. This method is tested through a search of small and medium-size green goods enterprises in the UK. Findings from our search approach are presented, along with a discussion of advantages and limitations
pΞ⁻ Correlation in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions with Nucleon-Hyperon Interaction from Lattice QCD

On the basis of the pΞ⁻ interaction extracted from (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD simulations at the physical point, the momentum correlation of p and Ξ⁻ produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions is evaluated. CSL (Q) defined by a ratio of the momentum correlations between the systems with different source sizes is shown to be largely enhanced at low momentum due to the strong attraction between p and Ξ⁻ in the I = J = 0 channel. Thus, measuring this ratio at RHIC and LHC and its comparison to the theoretical analysis will give a useful constraint on the pΞ⁻ interaction
Nucleoplasmic LAP2alpha-lamin A complexes are required to maintain a proliferative state in human fibroblasts.

Contains fulltext :
                  53149.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)In human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), expression of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2alpha) upon entry and exit from G(0) is tightly correlated with phosphorylation and subnuclear localization of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Phosphoisoforms of Rb and LAP2alpha are down-regulated in G(0). Although RbS780 phosphoform and LAP2alpha are up-regulated upon reentry into G(1) and colocalize in the nucleoplasm, RbS795 migrates between nucleoplasmic and speckle compartments. In HDFs, which are null for lamins A/C, LAP2alpha is mislocalized within nuclear aggregates, and this is correlated with cell cycle arrest and accumulation of Rb within speckles. Nuclear retention of nucleoplasmic Rb during G(1) phase but not of speckle-associated Rb depends on lamin A/C. siRNA knock down of LAP2alpha or lamin A/C in HDFs leads to accumulation of Rb in speckles and G(1) arrest, probably because of activation of a cell cycle checkpoint. Our results suggest that LAP2alpha and lamin A/C are involved in controlling Rb localization and phosphorylation, and a lack or mislocalization of either protein leads to cell cycle arrest in HDFs
PROLOG META-INTERPRETERS FOR RULE-BASED INFERENCE UNDER UNCERTAINTY

Uncertain facts and inexact rules can be represented and
processed in standard Prolog through meta-interpretation. This
requires the specification of appropriate parsers and belief
calculi. We present a meta-interpreter that takes a rule-based
belief calculus as an external variable. The certainty-factors
calculus and a heuristic Bayesian belief-update model are then
implemented as stand-alone Prolog predicates. These, in turn,
are bound to the meta-interpreter environment through second-order
programming. The resulting system is a powerful
experimental tool which enables inquiry into the impact of
various designs of belief calculi on the external validity of
expert systems. The paper also demonstrates the (well-known)
role of Prolog meta-interpreters in building expert system
shells.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
Measurement of Inclusive Jet Production in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at
  High Q^2 and Determination of the Strong Coupling

Inclusive jet production is studied in neutral current deep-inelastic
positron-proton scattering at large four momentum transfer squared Q^2>150
GeV^2 with the H1 detector at HERA. Single and double differential inclusive
jet cross sections are measured as a function of Q^2 and of the transverse
energy E_T of the jets in the Breit frame. The measurements are found to be
well described by calculations at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD.
The running of the strong coupling is demonstrated and the value of
alpha_s(M_Z) is determined. The ratio of the inclusive jet cross section to the
inclusive neutral current cross section is also measured and used to extract a
precise value for
alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1193+/-0.0014(exp.)^{+0.0047}_{-0.0030}(th.)+/-0.0016(pdf).Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Canonical forms for complex matrix congruence and *congruence

Canonical forms for congruence and *congruence of square complex matrices
were given by Horn and Sergeichuk in [Linear Algebra Appl. 389 (2004) 347-353],
based on Sergeichuk's paper [Math. USSR, Izvestiya 31 (3) (1988) 481-501],
which employed the theory of representations of quivers with involution. We use
standard methods of matrix analysis to prove directly that these forms are
canonical. Our proof provides explicit algorithms to compute all the blocks and
parameters in the canonical forms. We use these forms to derive canonical pairs
for simultaneous congruence of pairs of complex symmetric and skew-symmetric
matrices as well as canonical forms for simultaneous *congruence of pairs of
complex Hermitian matrices.Comment: 31 page
I know who I am, but who do they think I am? Muslim perspectives on encounters with airport authorities.

In this paper we report an analysis of individual and group interviews with thirty-eight Scottish Muslims concerning their encounters with authority – especially those at airports. Our analysis shows that a key theme in interviewees’ talk of their experience in this context concerns the denial and misrecognition of valued identities such as being British, being respectable and being Muslim. One reason why such experiences are so problematic concerns the denial of agency associated with being positioned in terms that are not one's own. The implications of these findings for understanding the dynamics of intergroup relations are discussed.PreprintPeer reviewe
Derivation of the fundamental equations of continuum thermodynamics from
  statistical mechanics

Assuming a classical statistical system of point particles the fundamental
equations of continuum thermomechanics (continuity equation, equation of
motion, and energy equation) shall be derived exactly. The macroscopic state
functions (density, velocity, stress, energy density, heat flux) are
interpreted as expected values.Comment: 18 page file, one figure. The submission is an English translation of
  a 1955 paper published originally in German. The translation is due to
  Richard B. Lehoucq and Anatole Von Lilienfeld-Toal (see the acknowledgements
  appearing on the first page
The BASES Expert Statement on use of music in exercise

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(9), 953-956, 2012, copyright Taylor & Francis, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/02640414.2012.676665.The use of music during exercise has become ubiquitous over the past two decades and is now supported by a burgeoning body of research detailing its effects and the contingencies surrounding its use. The purpose of this statement is to present a synopsis of the body of knowledge, with selected references, and to provide practical recommendations for exercise practitioners regarding music selection. Following the identification of methodological shortcomings in early studies, researchers have been guided by new conceptual frameworks, and have produced more consistent findings as a consequence. The use of music has been found to yield ergogenic effects in the exercise domain while also promoting psychological (e.g. enhanced affect) and psychophysical (reduced ratings of perceived exertion) benefits. There is a paucity of research examining the longitudinal effects of music on key outcome variables such as exercise adherence
Eruptions of Magnetic Ropes in Two Homologous Solar Events on 2002 June
  1 and 2: a Key to Understanding of an Enigmatic Flare

The goal of this paper is to understand the drivers, configurations, and
scenarios of two similar eruptive events, which occurred in the same solar
active region 9973 on 2002 June 1 and 2. The June 2 event was previously
studied by Sui, Holman, and Dennis (2006, 2008), who concluded that it was
challenging for popular flare models. Using multi-spectral data, we analyze a
combination of the two events. Each of the events exhibited an evolving
cusp-like feature. We have revealed that these apparent ``cusps'' were most
likely mimicked by twisted magnetic flux ropes, but unlikely to be related to
the inverted Y-like magnetic configuration in the standard flare model. The
ropes originated inside a funnel-like magnetic domain whose base was bounded by
an EUV ring structure, and the top was associated with a coronal null point.
The ropes appear to be the major drivers for the events, but their rise was not
triggered by reconnection in the coronal null point. We propose a scenario and
a three-dimensional scheme for these events in which the filament eruptions and
flares were caused by interaction of the ropes.Comment: 22 pages, 11 figure
Multiwavelength observations of 3C 454.3 II. The AGILE 2007 December
  campaign

We report on the second AGILE multiwavelength campaign of the blazar 3C 454.3
during the first half of December 2007. This campaign involved AGILE, Spitzer,
Swift,Suzaku,the WEBT consortium,the REM and MITSuME telescopes,offering a
broad band coverage that allowed for a simultaneous sampling of the synchrotron
and inverse Compton (IC) emissions.The 2-week AGILE monitoring was accompanied
by radio to optical monitoring by WEBT and REM and by sparse observations in
mid-Infrared and soft/hard X-ray energy bands performed by means of Target of
Opportunity observations by Spitzer, Swift and Suzaku, respectively.The source
was detected with an average flux of~250x10^{-8}ph cm^-2s^-1 above 100
MeV,typical of its flaring states.The simultaneous optical and gamma-ray
monitoring allowed us to study the time-lag associated with the variability in
the two energy bands, resulting in a possible ~1-day delay of the gamma-ray
emission with respect to the optical one. From the simultaneous optical and
gamma-ray fast flare detected on December 12, we can constrain the delay
between the gamma-ray and optical emissions within 12 hours. Moreover, we
obtain three Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) with simultaneous data for
2007 December 5, 13, 15, characterized by the widest multifrequency coverage.
We found that a model with an external Compton on seed photons by a standard
disk and reprocessed by the Broad Line Regions does not describe in a
satisfactory way the SEDs of 2007 December 5, 13 and 15. An additional
contribution, possibly from the hot corona with T=10^6 K surrounding the jet,
is required to account simultaneously for the softness of the synchrotron and
the hardness of the inverse Compton emissions during those epochs.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Ap
Dependence of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross section on the transverse
  momentum of the top quark

We present a measurement of the differential cross section for $t\bar{t}$
events produced in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$ TeV as a function
of the transverse momentum ($p_T$) of the top quark. The selected events
contain a high-$p_T$ lepton ($\ell$), four or more jets, and a large imbalance
in $p_T$, and correspond to 1 fb${}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded
with the D0 detector. Each event must have at least one candidate for a $b$
jet. Objects in the event are associated through a constrained kinematic fit to
the $t\bar{t}\to WbW\bar{b} \to \ell\nu b q\bar{q}'\bar{b}$ process. Results
from next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations agree with the
measured differential cross section. Comparisons are also provided to
predictions from Monte Carlo event generators using QCD calculations at
different levels of precision.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, updated to reflect the published
  versio
On the buildup of massive early-type galaxies at z<~1. I- Reconciling
  their hierarchical assembly with mass-downsizing

Several studies have tried to ascertain whether or not the increase in
abundance of the early-type galaxies (E-S0a's) with time is mainly due to major
mergers, reaching opposite conclusions. We have tested it directly through
semi-analytical modelling, by studying how the massive early-type galaxies with
log(M_*/Msun)>11 at z~0 (mETGs) would have evolved backwards-in-time, under the
hypothesis that each major merger gives place to an early-type galaxy. The
study was carried out just considering the major mergers strictly reported by
observations at each redshift, and assuming that gas-rich major mergers
experience transitory phases of dust-reddened, star-forming galaxies (DSFs).
The model is able to reproduce the observed evolution of the galaxy LFs at
z<~1, simultaneously for different rest-frame bands (B, I, and K) and for
different selection criteria on color and morphology. It also provides a
framework in which apparently-contradictory results on the recent evolution of
the luminosity function (LF) of massive, red galaxies can be reconciled, just
considering that observational samples of red galaxies can be significantly
contaminated by DSFs. The model proves that it is feasible to build up ~50-60%
of the present-day mETG population at z<~1 and to reproduce the observational
excess by a factor of ~4-5 of late-type galaxies at 0.8<z<1 through the
coordinated action of wet, mixed, and dry major mergers, fulfilling global
trends that are in general agreement with mass-downsizing. The bulk of this
assembly takes place during ~1 Gyr elapsed at 0.8<z<1. The model suggests that
major mergers have been the main driver for the observational migration of mass
from the massive-end of the blue galaxy cloud to that of the red sequence in
the last ~8 Gyr.(Abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 21 pages, 8
  figures. Minor corrections included, shortened title. Results and conclusions
  unchange
Orthogonal Laurent polynomials in unit circle, extended CMV ordering and
  2D Toda type integrable hierarchies

Orthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle and the theory of Toda-like
integrable systems are connected using the Gauss--Borel factorization of a
Cantero-Moral-Velazquez moment matrix, which is constructed in terms of a
complex quasi-definite measure supported in the unit circle. The factorization
of the moment matrix leads to orthogonal Laurent polynomials in the unit circle
and the corresponding second kind functions. Jacobi operators, 5-term recursion
relations and Christoffel-Darboux kernels, projecting to particular spaces of
truncated Laurent polynomials, and corresponding Christoffel-Darboux formulae
are obtained within this point of view in a completely algebraic way.
Cantero-Moral-Velazquez sequence of Laurent monomials is generalized and
recursion relations, Christoffel-Darboux kernels, projecting to general spaces
of truncated Laurent polynomials and corresponding Christoffel-Darboux formulae
are found in this extended context. Continuous deformations of the moment
matrix are introduced and is shown how they induce a time dependant
orthogonality problem related to a Toda-type integrable system, which is
connected with the well known Toeplitz lattice. Using the classical
integrability theory tools the Lax and Zakharov-Shabat equations are obtained.
The dynamical system associated with the coefficients of the orthogonal Laurent
polynomials is explicitly derived and compared with the classical Toeplitz
lattice dynamical system for the Verblunsky coefficients of Szeg\H{o}
polynomials for a positive measure. Discrete flows are introduced and related
to Darboux transformations. Finally, the representation of the orthogonal
Laurent polynomials (and its second kind functions), using the formalism of
Miwa shifts, in terms of $\tau$-functions is presented and bilinear equations
are derived
Structure Functions at Very High Q^2 From HERA

Measurements of Deep-Inelastic Neutral and Charged current interactions are
presented in lepton proton scattering at HERA. The measurements are obtained
from taken during 1996 to 1999 and consists of $30 \rm{pb^{-1}}$ of $e^+p$ and
$16 \rm{pb^{-1}}$ of $e^-p$ data. The addition of the new high statistics
electron data with the positron data allows the first extraction of the parity
violating structure function $xF_3$ and tests of high-$Q^2$ electroweak effects
of the heavy bosons $Z^0$ and $W$ are observed and found to be consistent with
the Standard Model expectation.Comment: 8 pages 8 figures Submitted Conference proceedings for CIPANP 2000
  Quebec City May 22 - 28 200
Two-loop low-energy effective action in Abelian supersymmetric
  Chern-Simons matter models

We compute two-loop low-energy effective actions in Abelian Chern-Simons
matter models with N=2 and N=3 supersymmetry up to four-derivative order.
Calculations are performed with a slowly-varying gauge superfield background.
Though the gauge superfield propagator depends on the gauge fixing parameter,
it is shown that the obtained results are independent of this parameter. In the
massless case the considered models are superconformal. We demonstrate that the
superconformal symmetry strongly restricts the form of two-loop quantum
corrections to the effective actions such that the obtained terms have simpler
structure than the analogous ones in the effective action of three-dimensional
supersymmetric electrodynamics (SQED) with vanishing topological mass.Comment: 1+30 pages; v2: references added, misprints corrected; v3: minor
  changes, published versio
Quantum Tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle with the STE-QUEST
  Space Mission

We present in detail the scientific objectives in fundamental physics of the
Space-Time Explorer and QUantum Equivalence Space Test (STE-QUEST) space
mission. STE-QUEST was pre-selected by the European Space Agency together with
four other missions for the cosmic vision M3 launch opportunity planned around
2024. It carries out tests of different aspects of the Einstein Equivalence
Principle using atomic clocks, matter wave interferometry and long distance
time/frequency links, providing fascinating science at the interface between
quantum mechanics and gravitation that cannot be achieved, at that level of
precision, in ground experiments. We especially emphasize the specific strong
interest of performing equivalence principle tests in the quantum regime, i.e.
using quantum atomic wave interferometry. Although STE-QUEST was finally not
selected in early 2014 because of budgetary and technological reasons, its
science case was very highly rated. Our aim is to expose that science to a
large audience in order to allow future projects and proposals to take
advantage of the STE-QUEST experience.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Advances in Space Researc
On entanglement entropy functionals in higher derivative gravity
  theories

In arXiv:1310.5713 and arXiv:1310.6659 a formula was proposed as the
entanglement entropy functional for a general higher-derivative theory of
gravity, whose lagrangian consists of terms containing contractions of the
Riemann tensor. In this paper, we carry out some tests of this proposal. First,
we find the surface equation of motion for general four-derivative gravity
theory by minimizing the holographic entanglement entropy functional resulting
from this proposed formula. Then we calculate the surface equation for the same
theory using the generalized gravitational entropy method of arXiv:1304.4926.
We find that the two do not match in their entirety. We also construct the
holographic entropy functional for quasi-topological gravity, which is a
six-derivative gravity theory. We find that this functional gives the correct
universal terms. However, as in the four-derivative case, the generalized
gravitational entropy method applied to this theory does not give exactly the
surface equation of motion coming from minimizing the entropy functional.Comment: 34 pages; v3: Details added, typos fixed, references updated; version
  to appear in JHE
Painlevé analysis and integrability properties of a 2+1 nonrelativistic field theory

A model for planar phenomena introduced by Jackiw and Pi and described by a Lagrangian including a Chern-Simons term is considered. The associated equations of motion, among which a 2+1 gauged nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation, are rewritten into a gauge independent form involving the modulus of the matter field. Application of a Painlev\'e analysis, as adapted to partial differential equations by Weiss, Tabor and Carnevale, shows up resonance values that are all integer. However, compatibility conditions need be considered which cannot be satisfied consistently in general. Such a result suggests that the examined equations are not integrable, but provides tools for the investigation of the integrability of different reductions. This in particular puts forward the familiar integrable Liouville and 1+1 nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations