pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide Regional Heritability Mapping Identifies a Locus Within the TOX2 Gene Associated With Major Depressive Disorder

Acknowledgments and Disclosures: This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Strategic Award (104036/Z/14/Z). The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government and the Scottish Funding Council provided core support for Generation Scotland. GS:SFHS was funded by a grant from the Scottish Government Health Department, Chief Scientist Office (CZD/16/6). We are grateful to the families who took part in GS:SFHS, the general practitioners and Scottish School of Primary Care for their help in recruiting them, and the whole Generation Scotland team, which includes academic researchers, clinic staff members, laboratory technicians, clerical workers, information technology staff members, statisticians, and research managers. AMM has previously received grant support from Pfizer, Lilly, and Janssen. These studies are not connected to the current investigation. YZ acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council. T-KC and AMM acknowledge with gratitude the financial support received for this work from the Dr Mortimer and Theresa Sackler Foundation. PAT, DJP, IJD, and AMM are members of the University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, part of the cross-council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (MR/K026992/1). Funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council and Medical Research Council (MRC) is gratefully acknowledged. DJM is an NHS Research Scotland (NRS) Fellow, funded by the Chief Scientist Office. PN and CSH acknowledge support from the MRC. All other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. GS:SFHS data are available to researchers on application to the Generation Scotland Access Committee (access: http://generationscotland.org). The managed access process ensures that approval is granted only to research that comes under the terms of participant consent.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Disability and the Family in South Wales Coalfield Society, c.1920–1939

This article utilises the south Wales coalfield in the interwar period as a case study to illustrate the applicability of two sociological theories – family systems theory and the social ecology of the family – to impairment in the past. It demonstrates that a theoretically-informed approach can help to situate impairment in its particular contexts, most especially the family and the community, and give a better sense of the lived experience of disability. It also demonstrates the complexity of the experience of disability as the family and economic circumstances of each impaired individual varied and led to different forms of care-giving or the utilisation of different sources of support. The article also sheds further light on the ubiquity of disability as many families included a number of individuals with different impairments and this too had consequences for experiences and coping strategies
Detection of respiratory bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia by multiplex Lightmix® RT-PCR

Pneumonia is a severe infectious disease. In addition to common viruses and bacterial pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae), fastidious respiratory pathogens like Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella spp. can cause severe atypical pneumonia. They do not respond to penicillin derivatives, which may cause failure of antibiotic empirical therapy. The same applies for infections with B. pertussis and B. parapertussis, the cause of pertussis disease, that may present atypically and need to be treated with macrolides. Moreover, these fastidious bacteria are difficult to identify by culture or serology, and therefore often remain undetected. Thus, rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia is crucial. We performed a retrospective method evaluation study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the new, commercially available Lightmix® multiplex RT-PCR assay that detects these fastidious bacterial pathogens causing atypical pneumonia. In this retrospective study, 368 clinical respiratory specimens, obtained from patients suffering from atypical pneumonia that have been tested negative for the presence of common agents of pneumonia by culture and viral PCR, were investigated. These clinical specimens have been previously characterized by singleplex RT-PCR assays in our diagnostic laboratory and were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the respiratory multiplex Lightmix® RT-PCR. The multiplex RT-PCR displayed a limit of detection between 5 and 10 DNA copies for different in-panel organisms and showed identical performance characteristics with respect to specificity and sensitivity as in-house singleplex RT-PCRs for pathogen detection. The Lightmix® multiplex RT-PCR assay represents a low-cost, time-saving and accurate diagnostic tool with high throughput potential. The time-to-result using an automated DNA extraction device for respiratory specimens followed by multiplex RT-PCR detection was below 4 h, which is expected to significantly improve diagnostics for atypical pneumonia-associated bacterial pathogens
Search for top-squark pair production in final states with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum using 36 fb−1 of √s=13 TeV pp collision data with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for the direct pair production of top squarks, the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, in final states with one isolated electron or muon, several energetic jets, and missing transverse momentum are reported. The analysis also targets spin-0 mediator models, where the mediator decays into a pair of dark-matter particles and is produced in association with a pair of top quarks. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb−1. A wide range of signal scenarios with different mass-splittings between the top squark, the lightest neutralino and possible intermediate supersymmetric particles are considered, including cases where the W bosons or the top quarks produced in the decay chain are off-shell. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed. The null results are used to set exclusion limits at 95% confidence level in several supersymmetry benchmark models. For pair-produced top-squarks decaying into top quarks, top-squark masses up to 940 GeV are excluded. Stringent exclusion limits are also derived for all other considered top-squark decay scenarios. For the spin-0 mediator models, upper limits are set on the visible cross-section
A new floating model level scheme for the assimilation of boundary layer top inversions: the univariate assimilation of temperature.

The assimilation of observations with a forecast is often heavily inﬂuenced by\ud
the description of the error covariances associated with the forecast. When a\ud
temperature inversion is present at the top of the boundary layer (BL), a signiﬁcant\ud
part of the forecast error may be described as a vertical positional error (as opposed\ud
to amplitude error normally dealt with in data assimilation). In these cases, failing\ud
to account for positional error explicitly is shown t o r esult in an analysis for which\ud
the inversion structure is erroneously weakened and degraded.\ud
   In this article, a new assimilation scheme is proposed to explicitly include the\ud
positional error associated with an inversion. This is done through the introduction\ud
of an extra control variable to allow position errors in the a priori to be treated\ud
simultaneously with the usual amplitude errors. This new scheme, referred to as\ud
the ‘ﬂoating BL scheme’, is applied to the one-dimensional (vertical) variational\ud
assimilation of temperature. The ﬂoating BL scheme is tested with a series of idealised\ud
experiments a nd with real data from radiosondes.\ud
   For each idealised experiment, the ﬂoating BL scheme gives an analysis which has\ud
the inversion structure and position in agreement with the truth, and outperforms\ud
the a ssimilation which accounts only for forecast a mplitude error. When the\ud
ﬂoating BL scheme is used to assimilate a l arge sample of radiosonde data, its\ud
ability to give an analysis with an inversion height in better agreement with that\ud
observed is conﬁrmed. However, it is found that the use of Gaussian statistics is\ud
an inappropriate description o f t he error statistics o f t he extra c ontrol variable.\ud
This problem is alleviated by incorporating a non-Gaussian description of the new\ud
control variable in the new scheme. Anticipated challenges in implementing the\ud
scheme operationally are discussed towards the end of the article
New data structures to handle speculative parallelization at runtime

Producción CientíficaSoftware-based, thread-level speculation (TLS) is a software technique that optimistically executes in parallel loops whose fully-parallel semantics can not be guaranteed at compile time. Modern TLS libraries allow to handle arbitrary data structures speculatively. This desired feature comes at the high cost of local store and/or remote recovery times: The easier the local store, the harder the remote recovery. Unfortunately, both times are on the critical path of any TLS system. In this paper we propose a solution that performs local store in constant time, while recover values in a time that is in the order of T, being T the number of threads. As we will see, this solution, together with some additional improvements, makes the difference between slowdowns and noticeable speedups in the speculative parallelization of non-synthetic, pointer-based applications on a real system. Our experimental results show a gain of 3.58× to 28× with respect to the baseline system, and a relative efficiency of up to, on average, 65 % with respect to a TLS implementation specifically tailored to the benchmarks used.Castilla-Leon Regional Government (VA172A12-2); Ministerio de Industria, Spain (CENIT OCEANLIDER); MICINN (Spain) and the European Union FEDER (MOGECOPP project TIN2011-25639, CAPAP-H3 net- work TIN2010-12011-E, CAPAP-H4 network TIN2011-15734-E)
Superdeformation in Asymmetric N$>$Z Nucleus $^{40}$Ar

A rotational band with five $\gamma$-ray transitions ranging from 2$^{+}$ to
12$^{+}$ states was identified in $^{40}$Ar. This band is linked through
$\gamma$ transitions from the excited 2$^{+}$, 4$^{+}$ and 6$^{+}$ levels to
the low-lying states; this determines the excitation energy and the spin-parity
of the band. The deduced transition quadrupole moment of 1.45$^{+0.49}_{-0.31}
eb$ indicates that the band has a superdeformed shape. The nature of the band
is revealed by cranked Hartree--Fock--Bogoliubov calculations and a
multiparticle--multihole configuration is assigned to the band
Almost-Euclidean subspaces of $\ell_1^N$ via tensor products: a simple
  approach to randomness reduction

It has been known since 1970's that the N-dimensional $\ell_1$-space contains
nearly Euclidean subspaces whose dimension is $\Omega(N)$. However, proofs of
existence of such subspaces were probabilistic, hence non-constructive, which
made the results not-quite-suitable for subsequently discovered applications to
high-dimensional nearest neighbor search, error-correcting codes over the
reals, compressive sensing and other computational problems. In this paper we
present a "low-tech" scheme which, for any $a > 0$, allows to exhibit nearly
Euclidean $\Omega(N)$-dimensional subspaces of $\ell_1^N$ while using only
$N^a$ random bits. Our results extend and complement (particularly) recent work
by Guruswami-Lee-Wigderson. Characteristic features of our approach include (1)
simplicity (we use only tensor products) and (2) yielding "almost Euclidean"
subspaces with arbitrarily small distortions.Comment: 11 pages; title change, abstract and references added, other minor
  change
Huge progeny production during the transient of a quasi-species model of
  viral infection, reproduction and mutation

Eigen's quasi-species model describes viruses as ensembles of different
mutants of a high fitness "master" genotype. Mutants are assumed to have lower
fitness than the master type, yet they coexist with it forming the
quasi-species. When the mutation rate is sufficiently high, the master type no
longer survives and gets replaced by a wide range of mutant types, thus
destroying the quasi-species. It is the so-called "error catastrophe". But
natural selection acts on phenotypes, not genotypes, and huge amounts of
genotypes yield the same phenotype. An important consequence of this is the
appearance of beneficial mutations which increase the fitness of mutants. A
model has been recently proposed to describe quasi-species in the presence of
beneficial mutations. This model lacks the error catastrophe of Eigen's model
and predicts a steady state in which the viral population grows exponentially.
Extinction can only occur if the infectivity of the quasi-species is so low
that this exponential is negative. In this work I investigate the transient of
this model when infection is started from a small amount of low fitness
virions. I prove that, beyond an initial regime where viral population
decreases (and can go extinct), the growth of the population is
super-exponential. Hence this population quickly becomes so huge that selection
due to lack of host cells to be infected begins to act before the steady state
is reached. This result suggests that viral infection may widespread before the
virus has developed its optimal form.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, uses Elsevier elsarticle clas
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing
  transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton
  collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing
transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were
recorded by the ATLAS experiment in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at
the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background
expectation was observed in 35 inverse picobarns of analysed data. Gluino
masses below 500 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified
models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and
a massless neutralino. The exclusion increases to 870 GeV for equal mass
squarks and gluinos. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan(beta)= 3, A_0=0 and mu>0,
squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded below 775 GeV. These are the
most stringent limits to date.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (17 pages total), 3 figures, 2 tables,
  submitted to Physics Letters
Finite-time blowup and global-in-time unbounded solutions to a
  parabolic-parabolic quasilinear Keller-Segel system in higher dimensions

In this paper we consider quasilinear Keller-Segel type systems of two kinds
in higher dimensions. In the case of a nonlinear diffusion system we prove an
optimal (with respect to possible nonlinear diffusions generating explosion in
finite time of solutions) finite-time blowup result. In the case of a
cross-diffusion system we give results which are optimal provided one assumes
some proper non-decay of a nonlinear chemical sensitivity. Moreover, we show
that once we do not assume the above mentioned non-decay, our result cannot be
as strong as in the case of nonlinear diffusion without nonlinear
cross-diffusion terms. To this end we provide an example, interesting by
itself, of global-in-time unbounded solutions to the nonlinear cross-diffusion
Keller-Segel system with chemical sensitivity decaying fast enough, in a range
of parameters in which there is a finite-time blowup result in a corresponding
case without nonlinear cross-diffusion.Comment: 19 page
Making Sense of Sunspot Decay II: Deviations from the Mean Law and Plage
  Effects

In a statistical analysis of Debrecen Photoheliographic Results sunspot area
data we find that the logarithmic deviation (log D)' of the area decay rate D
from the parabolic mean decay law (derived in the first paper in this series)
follows a Gaussian probability distribution. As a consequence, the actual decay
rate D and the its time average are also characterized by approximately
lognormal distributions, as found in an earlier work. The correlation time of
(log D)' is about 3 days. We find a significant physical anticorrelation
between (log D)' and the amount of plage magnetic flux of the same polarity in
an annulus around the spot on Kitt Peak magnetograms. The anticorrelation is
interpreted in terms of a generalization of the turbulent erosion model of
sunspot decay to the case when the flux tube is embedded in a preexisting
homogeneous "plage" field. The decay rate is found to depend inversely on the
value of this plage field, the relation being very close to logarithmic, i.e.
the plage field acts as multiplicative noise in the decay process. A Gaussian
probability distribution of the field strength in the surrounding plage will
then naturally lead to a lognormal distribution of the decay rates, as
observed. It is thus suggested that, beside other multiplicative noise sources,
the environmental effect of surrounding plage fields is a major factor in the
origin of lognormally distributed large random deviations from the mean law in
the sunspot decay rates.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures; Solar Phys., in pres
Progressive suppression of spin relaxation in 2D channels of finite
  width

We have investigated spatio-temporal kinetics of electron spin polarization
in semiconductor narrow 2D strip and explored the ability to manipulate spin
relaxation. Information about spin of the conduction electrons and mechanisms
of spin rotation is incorporated into transport Monte Carlo simulation program.
A model problem, involving linear-in-k splitting of the conduction band,
responsible for the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism of spin relaxation in the
zinc-blende semiconductors and heterostructures, is solved numerically to yield
the decay of spin polarization of an ensemble of electrons in the 2D channel of
finite width. For very wide channels, a conventional 2D value of spin
relaxation is obtained. With decreasing channel width the relaxation time
soares rapidly by orders of magnitude. Surprisingly, the cross-over point
between 2D and quasi-1D behavior is found to be at tens of electron mean-free
paths. Thus, classically wide channels can effectively suppress electron spin
relaxation.Comment: 6 pages, RevTeX, 4 figures (1a, 1b, 1c, 2
Measurement of the Dalitz plot slope parameters for K- -> pi0 pi0 pi-
  decay using ISTRA+ detector

The Dalitz plot slope parameters g, h and k for the K- -> pi0 pi0 pi- decay
have been measured using in-flight decays detected with the ISTRA+ setup
operating in the 25 GeV negative secondary beam of the U-70 PS. About 252 K
events with four-momenta measured for the pi- and four involved photons were
used for the analysis. The values obtained g=0.627+/-0.004(stat)+/-0.010(syst),
h=0.046+/-0.004(stat)+/-0.012(syst), k=0.001+/-0.001(stat)+/-0.002(syst) are
consistent with the world averages dominated by K+ data, but have significantly
smaller errors.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages, 8 eps-figures, update of IHEP 2002-1
Heavy Hyperon--Antihyperon Production

Based on the experience from the production of anti-Lambda Lambda and
anti-Sigma Sigma pairs at LEAR (experiment PS185) it is suggested to continue
the investigations towards the heavier antihyperon--hyperon pairs anti-Xi Xi
and anti-Omega Omega in view of: (1) the production dynamics of the heavier
antihyperon--hyperon out of the anti-p p annihilation (2) a comparison of the
(3s 3anti-s quark system) anti-Omega Omega to the (3 (anti-s s)) 3 phi meson
production, where both systems have similar masses (3.345 and 3.057,
respectively) and identical valence quark content. A systematic study of the
antihyperon--hyperon production with increasing strangeness content is
interesting for the following reasons: The anti-Omega Omega production is the
creation of two spin 3/2 objects out of the two spin 1/2 anti-p p particles.
Results of the PS185 experiments prove a clear dominance of the spin triplet
anti-s s dissociation. In the Omega anti-Omega the three s-quarks (three anti-s
quarks) are aligned to spin 3/2 each. If the three anti-s s pairs are now all
in spin triplet configurations when created out of the gluonic interaction they
should have spin parity quantum number as 3^- as long as Omega anti-Omega is
created with relative L=0 angular momentum. The comparison of the Omega
anti-Omega baryon pair to the phi phi phi three meson production (where the
three anti-s s quark pairs might not but can be produced without relative
correlation) would provide a unique determination of the intermediate matter
state. Measurements of excitation functions and polarization transfers should
be used to examine these gluon rich anti-p p --> anti-Omega Omega and anti-p p
--> phi phi phi reaction channels. Such experiments should be performed at the
PANDA detector at the FAIR facility of the GSI.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Presented at LEAP05: International Conference on
  Low Energy Antiproton Physics, Bonn - Juelich, Germany, May 16-22, 200
Forward pi^0-meson production at HERA

The production of high transverse momentum piz^0-mesons has been measured in
deep-inelastic e-p scattering events at low Bjorken-$x$ taken with the
  H1 detector at HERA. The production of high p_T particles is strongly
correlated to the emission of hard partons in QCD and is therefore sensitive to
the dynamics of the strong interaction. For the first time the measurement of
single particles has been extended to the region of small angles w.r.t. the
proton remnant (forward region) and down to very low values of x ~ 5x10^-5.
This region is expected to be particularly sensitive to QCD evolution effects
in final states. Differential cross sections of inclusive pi^0-meson production
have been measured as a function of Bjorken-x and the four-momentum transfer
Q^2, and also as a function of the transverse momentum and the polar angle of
the pi^0-mesons. A recent BFKL calculation and QCD models based on the DGLAP
splitting functions are compared to the data. The best description of the data
is achieved by the BFKL calculation.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, talk given on behalf of the H1 collaboration at
  DIS99, Zeuthe
Noncommutativity of Lepton Mass Matrices: Flavor Mixing and CP Violation

I follow a lesson learnt from Heisenberg's matrix Quantum Mechanics to study
the property of lepton flavor mixing and CP violation. I show that the
commutator of lepton mass matrices defined in vacuum keeps invariant under
terrestrial matter effects within the four-neutrino mixing scheme. A set of
model-independent sum rules for neutrino masses are obtained, and they can be
generalized to hold for an arbitrary number of neutrino families. Useful sum
rules for the rephasing-invariant measures of leptonic CP violation have also
been found. Finally I present a generic formula of T-violating asymmetries
applicable to the future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.Comment: LaTex 6 pages (buckow.sty). Talk given at the International Symposium
  "100 Years Werner Heisenberg - Works and Impact", September 2001, Bamberg,
  Germany (to appear in the proceedings
Factorization and Regularization by Dimensional Reduction

Since an old observation by Beenakker et al, the evaluation of QCD processes
in dimensional reduction has repeatedly led to terms that seem to violate the
QCD factorization theorem. We reconsider the example of the process gg->ttbar
and show that the factorization problem can be completely resolved. A natural
interpretation of the seemingly non-factorizing terms is found, and they are
rewritten in a systematic and factorized form. The key to the solution is that
the D- and (4-D)-dimensional parts of the 4-dimensional gluon have to be
regarded as independent partons.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures; minor modifications; accepted for publication in
  Phys.Lett.