pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Social networks and occupational choice: The endogenous formation of attitudes and beliefs about tax compliance

AbstractThe paper analyses the emergence of group-specific attitudes and beliefs about tax compliance when individuals interact in a social network. It develops a model in which taxpayers possess a range of individual characteristics – including attitude to risk, potential for success in self-employment, and the weight attached to the social custom for honesty – and make an occupational choice based on these characteristics. Occupations differ in the possibility for evading tax. The social network determines which taxpayers are linked, and information about auditing and compliance is transmitted at meetings between linked taxpayers. Using agent-based simulations, the analysis demonstrates how attitudes and beliefs endogenously emerge that differ across sub-groups of the population. Compliance behaviour is different across occupational groups, and this is reinforced by the development of group-specific attitudes and beliefs. Taxpayers self-select into occupations according to the degree of risk aversion, the subjective probability of audit is sustained above the objective probability, and the weight attached to the social custom differs across occupations. These factors combine to lead to compliance levels that differ across occupations
Absence of Nodal signaling promotes precocious neural differentiation in the mouse embryo

AbstractAfter implantation, mouse embryos deficient for the activity of the transforming growth factor-β member Nodal fail to form both the mesoderm and the definitive endoderm. They also fail to specify the anterior visceral endoderm, a specialized signaling center which has been shown to be required for the establishment of anterior identity in the epiblast. Our study reveals that Nodal−/− epiblast cells nevertheless express prematurely and ectopically molecular markers specific of anterior fate. Our analysis shows that neural specification occurs and regional identities characteristic of the forebrain are established precociously in the Nodal−/− mutant with a sequential progression equivalent to that of wild-type embryo. When explanted and cultured in vitro, Nodal−/− epiblast cells readily differentiate into neurons. Genes normally transcribed in organizer-derived tissues, such as Gsc and Foxa2, are also expressed in Nodal−/− epiblast. The analysis of Nodal−/−;Gsc−/− compound mutant embryos shows that Gsc activity plays no critical role in the acquisition of forebrain characters by Nodal-deficient cells. This study suggests that the initial steps of neural specification and forebrain development may take place well before gastrulation in the mouse and highlights a possible role for Nodal, at pregastrula stages, in the inhibition of anterior and neural fate determination
Transient formation of intermediate conformational states of amyloid-β peptide revealed by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

AbstractA detailed analysis of the NMR spectra of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide revealed a decrease in signal intensity at higher temperature, due to a reversible conformational change of the molecule. Although peak intensity did not depend on peptide concentrations, the intensity in the region from D23 to A30 depended significantly on temperature. During the early stages of Aβ aggregation, each molecule might adopt transiently a turn conformation at around D23–A30, which converts mutually with a random coil. Stabilization of a turn by further conformational change and/or molecular association would lead to the formation of a “nucleus” for amyloid fibrils
Complex suppression patterns distinguish between major energy loss effects in Quark–Gluon Plasma

AbstractInteractions of high momentum partons with Quark–Gluon Plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide an excellent tomography tool for this new form of matter. Recent measurements for charged hadrons and unidentified jets at the LHC show an unexpected flattening of the suppression curves at high momentum, exhibited when either momentum or the collision centrality is changed. Furthermore, a limited data available for B probes indicate a qualitatively different pattern, as nearly the same flattening is exhibited for the curves corresponding to two opposite momentum ranges. We here show that the experimentally measured suppression curves are well reproduced by our theoretical predictions, and that the complex suppression patterns are due to an interplay of collisional, radiative energy loss and the dead-cone effect. Furthermore, for B mesons, we predict that the uniform flattening of the suppression indicated by the limited dataset is in fact valid across the entire span of the momentum ranges, which will be tested by the upcoming experiments. Overall, the study presented here, provides a rare opportunity for pQCD theory to qualitatively distinguish between the major energy loss mechanisms at the same (nonintuitive) dataset
Bernoulli matrix and its algebraic properties

AbstractIn this paper, we define the generalized Bernoulli polynomial matrix B(α)(x) and the Bernoulli matrix B. Using some properties of Bernoulli polynomials and numbers, a product formula of B(α)(x) and the inverse of B were given. It is shown that not only B(x)=P[x]B, where P[x] is the generalized Pascal matrix, but also B(x)=FM(x)=N(x)F, where F is the Fibonacci matrix, M(x) and N(x) are the (n+1)×(n+1) lower triangular matrices whose (i,j)-entries are ijBi-j(x)-i-1jBi-j-1(x)-i-2jBi-j-2(x) and ijBi-j(x)-ij+1Bi-j-1(x)-ij+2Bi-j-2(x), respectively. From these formulas, several interesting identities involving the Fibonacci numbers and the Bernoulli polynomials and numbers are obtained. The relationships are established about Bernoulli, Fibonacci and Vandermonde matrices
Providing Product-Service-Systems - The Long Way from a Product OEM towards an Original Solution Provider (OSP)

AbstractProduct-Service-Systems (PSS) have gained tremendous attention in research and industry over the past years [1–4].Manufacturing firmstransform from providing pure productstowards providing integrated products and services [2]. This development is triggered by the increasing customer demand forPSS and the opportunity of manufacturers to differentiate themselves from their competitors as services are hard to replicate. For providing PSS companies need to go throughfundamental changes which range from organizational adaptions within the company structure over novel development processes to improving the customer relationship. In this paper the authors describe requirements for providing PSS which werederived from a case study with a crane manufacturer and an extensive literature research. These requirements are considered with respect to the different PSS business models related to the PSS types defined by Tukker [5]. Furthermore the implementation of one of these requirements in the case company is described
Symanzik–Becchi–Rouet–Stora lessons on renormalizable models with broken symmetry: The case of Lorentz violation

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the issue intensively studied in recent years on the generation of terms by radiative corrections in models with broken Lorentz symmetry. The algebraic perturbative method of handling the problem of renormalization of the theories with Lorentz symmetry breaking, is used. We hope to make clear the Symanzik's aphorism: “Whether you like it or not, you have to include in the lagrangian all counter terms consistent with locality and power-counting, unless otherwise constrained by Ward identities.”
Quantitative determination of the antitumor alkyl ether phospholipid edelfosine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry: application to cell uptake studies and characterization of drug delivery systems.

Edelfosine is a synthetic alkyl ether phospholipid that represents a promising class of antitumor agents. However, analytical methods to measure these type compounds are scarce. The lack of a reliable methodology to quantify edelfosine is a major problem in ongoing and scheduled preclinical and clinical trials with this drug. We evaluated the applicability of high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine edelfosine in biological samples and polymeric delivery systems. Sample pre-treatment involved polymer precipitation or cell lysis with methanol. HPLC separation was performed on an Alltima RPC18 narrow-bore column and edelfosine quantification was done by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using positive ion mode and selected ion monitoring. Assays were linear in the tested range of 0.3–10 μg/ml. The limit of quantification was 0.3 ng/sample in both matrices, namely biological samples and polymeric delivery systems. The interassay precision ranging from 0.79 to 1.49%, with relative errors of −6.7 and 12.8%. Mean extraction recovery was 95.6%. HPLC–ESI-MS is a reliable system for edelfosine analysis and quantification in samples from different sources, combining advantages of full automation (rapidity, ease of use, no need of extensive extraction procedures) with high analytical performance and throughput
Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7, 8, and 13 TeV

Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson are presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1, 19.7, and 2.3 fb−1 at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. The search channels target Higgs boson production via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a vector boson. Upper limits are placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production cross sections. The combination of all channels, assuming standard model production, yields an observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of 0.24 (0.23) at the 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models
Mitochondrial transfer : implications for assisted reproductive technologies

The use of mitochondrial transfer as a clinic procedure is drawing closer to reality. Here we provide a detailed
overview of mitochondrial transfer techniques – both established and recent – including pronuclear, spindle,
ooplasmic and blastomere transfer. Reasons as to why some techniques are more suitable for the prevention of
mitochondrial DNA disease than others, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each methodology, are
discussed. The possible clinical introduction of these techniques has raised concerns about the adverse effects
they may have on resultant embryos and offspring. Success rates of each technique, embryo viability and developmental
consequences post mitochondrial transfer are addressed through analysis of evidence obtained from
both animal and human studies. Counterarguments against potential mitochondrial-nuclear genome incompatibility
are also provided. Additional clinical applications ofmitochondrial transfer techniques are discussed. These
include the rescue or enhancement of fertility in women of advanced maternal age or those suffering from diabetes.
An alternative to using mitochondrialDNA transfer for germline therapies is the therapeutic use of somatic
cell nuclear transfer for the generation of personalised stem cells. Although ethically challenging, this method
could offer patients already suffering from mitochondrial DNA diseases a novel treatment option.This work was supported by grants from the South African Medical
Research Council Flagship Awards Project SAMRC-RFA-UFSP-01-2013/
STEM CELLS, the SAMRC Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and
Therapy and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine of the
University of Pretoria.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/atgam2017ImmunologyObstetrics and Gynaecolog
Thermal Casimir Effect in Kerr Space-time

We investigate the thermal Casimir effect of a massless scalar field for two
parallel plates moving in the equatorial orbit in Kerr space-time. Under the
assumption that the typical cavity size is much smaller than the orbital
radius, proposed by Sorge, we deduce the analytical expression of the
renormalized free energy in this curved space-time. We also get the analytical
representation for the renormalized internal energy, and find that there is a
thermal correction to the Casimir energy, which depends on the proper
temperature and the proper geometrical parameters of the plates. The asymptotic
behavior of the Casimir free energy, entropy and internal energy at low
temperature is also investigated
Search for W' decaying to tau lepton and neutrino in proton- proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The first search for a heavy charged vector boson in the final state with a tau lepton and a neutrino is reported, using 19.7 inverse femtobarns of LHC data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. A signal would appear as an excess of events in kinematic regions where the standard model background is low. No excess is observed. Limits are set on a model in which the W' decays preferentially to fermions of the third generation. These results substantially extend previous constraints on this model. Masses below 2.0 to 2.7 TeV are excluded, depending on the model parameters. In addition, the existence of a W' boson with universal fermion couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level, for W' masses below 2.7 TeV
Higgs boson plus dijets : higher order corrections.

The gluon fusion component of Higgs-boson production in association with dijets is of particular interest because it both (a) allows for a study of the CP-structure of the Higgs-boson couplings to gluons, and (b) provides a background to the otherwise clean study of Higgs-boson production through vector-boson fusion. The degree to which this background can be controlled, and the CP-structure of the gluon-Higgs coupling extracted,both depend on the successful description of the perturbative corrections to the gluon-fusion process.\ud
\ud
High Energy Jets (HEJ) provides all-order, perturbative predictions for multi-jet processes at hadron colliders at a fully exclusive, partonic level. We develop the framework of HEJ to include the process of Higgs-boson production in association with at least two jets. We discuss the logarithmic accuracy obtained in the underlying all-order results, and calculate the first next-to-leading corrections to the framework of HEJ, thereby significantly reducing the corrections which arise by matching to and merging fixed-order results.\ud
\ud
Finally, we compare predictions for relevant observables obtained with NLO and HEJ. We observe that the selection criteria commonly used for isolating the vector-boson fusion component suppresses the gluon-fusion component even further than predicted at NLO
Measurement of W+W− production and search for the Higgs Boson in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of WW production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and a search for the Higgs boson are reported. The WW candidates are selected in events with two leptons, either electrons or muons. The measurement is performed using LHC data recorded with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The pp to WW cross section is measured to be 41.1 +/- 15.3 (stat) +/- 5.8 (syst) +/- 4.5 (lumi) pb, consistent with the standard model prediction. Limits on WW gamma and WWZ anomalous triple gauge couplings are set. The search for the standard model Higgs boson in the WW decay mode does not reveal any evidence of excess above backgrounds. Limits are set on the production of the Higgs boson in the context of the standard model and in the presence of a sequential fourth family of fermions with high masses. In the latter context, a Higgs boson with mass between 144 and 207 GeV is ruled out at 95% confidence level
Olfactory Recognition of Individual Competitors by Means of Faeces in Horse (Equus caballus)

Living in complex social systems requires perceptual and cognitive capacities for the recognition of group membership and individual competitors. Olfaction is one means by which this can be achieved. Many animals can identify individual proteins in urine, skin secretions, or saliva by scent. Additionally, marking behaviour in several mammals and especially in horses indicates the importance of sniffing conspecifics’ faeces for olfactory recognition. To test this hypothesis, we conducted two separate experiments: Experiment one addressed the question of whether horses can recognize the group membership of other horses by sniffing their faeces. The horses were presented with four faecal samples: 1) their own, 2) those of other members of their own group, 3) those of unfamiliar mares, and 4) those of unfamiliar geldings. Experiment two was designed to assess whether horses can identify the group member from whom a faecal sample came. Here, we presented two groups of horses with faecal samples from their group mates in random distribution. As controls, soil heaps and sheep faecal samples were used. In experiment one, horses distinguished their own from their conspecifics’ faeces, but did not differentiate between familiarity and sex. In experiment two, the horses from both groups paid most attention to the faeces of the horses from which they received the highest amount of aggressive behaviours. We therefore suggest that horses of both sexes can distinguish individual competitors among their group mates by the smell of their faeces
Multivariate Statistical Process Control Charts: An Overview

In this paper we discuss the basic procedures for the implementation of multivariate statistical process control via control charting. Furthermore, we review multivariate extensions for all kinds of univariate control charts, such as multivariate Shewhart-type control charts, multivariate CUSUM control charts and multivariate EWMA control charts. In addition, we review unique procedures for the construction of multivariate control charts, based on multivariate statistical techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA) and partial lest squares (PLS). Finally, we describe the most significant methods for the interpretation of an out-of-control signal.
Measuring International Economic Integration: Theory and Evidence of Globalization

This article features a set of indicators designed to measure international economic integration and globalization. We analyze the degree of openness and the respective networks of connections---both direct and indirect---for each economy in our sample. Our indicators are based on network analysis techniques and the exchange of flows among world economies. Starting from four basic axioms of international economic integration, we define the Standard of Perfect International Integration, along with the set of indicators for degree of openness and connectedness, both for each specific economy and for the world economy as a whole. We apply our indicators to data on trade flows for 59 countries---accounting for 96.7% of world output---for the 1967--2004 period. According to our results, international economic integration is higher than what traditional degree of openness indicators suggest. The advance of globalization is unequal among countries because of the differing trends in their degree of openness and the differences in the intensity with which economies are connected to each other. Several economies now appear to be internationally integrated; however, the relatively low degree of openness in some of the largest economies jeopardizes the progress of globalization. We also perform some simulations which suggest that, should technological progress lead to an increase in indirect connections, the move towards greater international economic integration would accelerate.
Managing Internet routers congested links with a Kohonen-RED queue

The behaviour of the TCP AIMD algorithm is known to cause queue length oscillations when congestion occurs at a router output link. Indeed, due to these queueing variations, end-to-end applications experience large delay jitter. Many studies have proposed efficient active queue management (AQM) mechanisms in order to reduce queue oscillations and stabilize the queue length. These AQM attempt to improve the random early detection (RED) model. Unfortunately, these enhancements do not react in a similar manner for various network conditions and are strongly sensitive to their initial setting parameters. Although this paper proposes a solution to overcome the difficulties of configuring the RED parameters by using a Kohonen neural network model; another goal of this study is to investigate whether cognitive intelligence could be placed in the core network to solve such stability problem. In our context, we use results from the neural network area to demonstrate that our proposal, named Kohonen-RED (KRED), enables a stable queue length without complex parameters setting or passive measurements to obtain a correct configuration
Measurements of the charm jet cross section and nuclear modification factor in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The CMS Collaboration presents the first measurement of the differential cross section of jets from charm quarks produced in proton–lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV, as well as results from charm quark jets in proton–proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76 and 5.02TeV. By comparing the yields of the pPb and pp collision systems at the same energy, a nuclear modification factor for charm jets from 55 to 400 GeV/c in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV of RpA=0.92±0.07(stat)±0.11(syst) is obtained. This is consistent with an absence of final-state energy loss for charm quarks in pPb collisions. In addition, the fraction of jets coming from charm quarks is found to be consistent with that predicted by pythia 6 for pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76 and 5.02 TeV, and is independent of the jet transverse momentum from 55 to 400 GeV/c
Measurement of the mass difference between top quark and antiquark in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

The invariance of the standard model (SM) under the CPT transformation predicts equality of particle and antiparticle masses. This prediction is tested by measuring the mass difference between the top quark and antiquark ($Δm_t=m_t−m_\overline t$) that are produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, using events with a muon or an electron and at least four jets in the final state. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 $fb^{−1}$collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and yields a value of $Δm_t=−0.15±0.19(stat)±0.09(syst)$ GeV, which is consistent with the SM expectation. This result is significantly more precise than previously reported measurements