pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An international survey and full-scale evacuation trial\ud
demonstrating the effectiveness of the active dynamic\ud
signage system concept

Rapid evacuation from large buildings is challenging due to their complex layout making wayfinding difficult.  While emergency signage is widely used to aid wayfinding, recent research demonstrates that only 38% of people perceive conventional exit signs. Furthermore, conventional signage only conveys single and passive information and so cannot adapt to changing conditions.  The EU FP7 GETAWAY project addresses this problem through the development of a unique and innovative Intelligent Active Dynamic Signage System (IADSS), which routes occupants to their optimal exits during an evolving incident.  This paper presents two key steps in the development of the IADSS concept.  First, a novel negated signage concept identifying that an exit route is no longer viable was devised and tested using an international survey.  The results demonstrate that the negation concept can be clearly understood by over 90% of the sample.  The second step involved two full-scale evacuation trials in a rail station that demonstrated that it was possible to direct over 60% of the participants to the targeted exit through the use of the Active Dynamic Signage System (ADSS). The ADSS makes use of the negated signage concept and a development involving a green flashing arrow within the standard emergency exit sign
A Lagrangian for self-dual strings.

We propose a Lagrangian for the low-energy theory that resides at the (1 + 1)-dimensional intersection of N semi-infinite M2-branes ending orthogonally on M M5-branes in  R1,2×C4/ZkR1,2×C4/Zk  (for arbitrary positive integers N, M, k). We formulate this theory as a 2d boundary theory with explicit  N=(1,1)N=(1,1)  supersymmetry that contains two superfields in the bi-fundamental representation of U(N )×U(M ) interacting with the (2+1)-dimensional U(N )k × U(N )−k ABJM Chern-Simons-matter theory in the bulk. We postulate that the boundary theory exhibits in the deep infrared supersymmetry enhancement to  N=(4,2)N=(4,2) , or  N=(4,4)N=(4,4)  depending on the value of k. Arguments in favor of the proposal follow from the study of the open string theory of a U-dual type IIB Hanany-Witten setup. To formulate the bulk-boundary interactions special care is taken to incorporate all the expected boundary effects on gauge symmetry, supersymmetry, and other global symmetries
Consensus statement from the 2014 International Microdialysis Forum.

© 2015, The Author(s).Microdialysis enables the chemistry of the extracellular interstitial space to be monitored. Use of this technique in patients with acute brain injury has increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of several acute neurological disorders. In 2004, a consensus document on the clinical application of cerebral microdialysis was published. Since then, there have been significant advances in the clinical use of microdialysis in neurocritical care. The objective of this review is to report on the International Microdialysis Forum held in Cambridge, UK, in April 2014 and to produce a revised and updated consensus statement about its clinical use including technique, data interpretation, relationship with outcome, role in guiding therapy in neurocritical care and research applications
KLB is associated with alcohol drinking, and its gene product β-Klotho is necessary for FGF21 regulation of alcohol preference.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a major public health problem worldwide. Although drinking habits are known to be inherited, few genes have been identified that are robustly linked to alcohol drinking. We conducted a genome-wide association metaanalysis and replication study among &gt;105,000 individuals of European ancestry and identified β-Klotho (KLB) as a locus associated with alcohol consumption (rs11940694; P = 9.2 × 10 javax.xml.bind.JAXBElement@78066a2c ). β-Klotho is an obligate coreceptor for the hormone FGF21, which is secreted from the liver and implicated in macronutrient preference in humans. We show that brain-specific β-Klotho KO mice have an increased alcohol preference and that FGF21 inhibits alcohol drinking by acting on the brain. These data suggest that a liver-brain endocrine axis may play an important role in the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior and provide a unique pharmacologic target for reducing alcohol consumption
Connectivity and tissue microstructural alterations in right and left temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by diffusion spectrum imaging.

Focal epilepsy is increasingly recognized as the result of an altered brain network, both on the structural and functional levels and the characterization of these widespread brain alterations is crucial for our understanding of the clinical manifestation of seizure and cognitive deficits as well as for the management of candidates to epilepsy surgery. Tractography based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging allows non-invasive mapping of white matter tracts in vivo. Recently, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), based on an increased number of diffusion directions and intensities, has improved the sensitivity of tractography, notably with respect to the problem of fiber crossing and recent developments allow acquisition times compatible with clinical application. We used DSI and parcellation of the gray matter in regions of interest to build whole-brain connectivity matrices describing the mutual connections between cortical and subcortical regions in patients with focal epilepsy and healthy controls. In addition, the high angular and radial resolution of DSI allowed us to evaluate also some of the biophysical compartment models, to better understand the cause of the changes in diffusion anisotropy. Global connectivity, hub architecture and regional connectivity patterns were altered in TLE patients and showed different characteristics in RTLE vs LTLE with stronger abnormalities in RTLE. The microstructural analysis suggested that disturbed axonal density contributed more than fiber orientation to the connectivity changes affecting the temporal lobes whereas fiber orientation changes were more involved in extratemporal lobe changes. Our study provides further structural evidence that RTLE and LTLE are not symmetrical entities and DSI-based imaging could help investigate the microstructural correlate of these imaging abnormalities
Genomic analysis identifies targets of convergent positive selection in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis is evolving antibiotic resistance, threatening attempts at tuberculosis epidemic control. Mechanisms of resistance, including genetic changes favored by selection in resistant isolates, are incompletely understood. Using 116 newly sequenced and 7 previously sequenced M. tuberculosis whole genomes, we identified genome-wide signatures of positive selection specific to the 47 drug-resistant strains. By searching for convergent evolution—the independent fixation of mutations in the same nucleotide position or gene—we recovered 100% of a set of known resistance markers. We also found evidence of positive selection in an additional 39 genomic regions in resistant isolates. These regions encode components in cell wall biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair pathways. Mutations in these regions could directly confer resistance or compensate for fitness costs associated with resistance. Functional genetic analysis of mutations in one gene, ponA1, demonstrated an in vitro growth advantage in the presence of the drug rifampicin
Observation of the $B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi \phi$ decay

The $B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi \phi$ decay is observed in $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. This is the first observation of this decay channel, with a statistical significance of 15 standard deviations. The mass of the $B_s^0$ meson is measured to be $5367.08\,\pm \,0.38\,\pm\, 0.15$ MeV/c$^2$. The branching fraction ratio$\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi \phi)/\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi)$ is measured to be $0.0115\,\pm\, 0.0012\, ^{+0.0005}_{-0.0009}$. In both cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No evidence for non-resonant $B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi K^+K^-$ or $B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- K^+ K^-$ decays is found
Search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in final states with missing transverse momentum and at least three b -jets at s root=8 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports the results of a search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in 20.1 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is performed separately in events with either zero or at least one high-p T lepton (electron or muon), large missing transverse momentum, high jet multiplicity and at least three jets identified as originated from the fragmentation of a b-quark. No excess is observed with respect to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the context of several supersymmetric models involving gluinos and scalar top and bottom quarks, as well as a mSUGRA/CMSSM model. Gluino masses up to 1340 GeV are excluded, depending on the model, significantly extending the previous ATLAS limits.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ...A. Petridis ... M.J. White ... et al. [The ATLAS Collaboration
Minimal realization of ℓ-conformal Galilei algebra, Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillators and their deformation

We present the minimal realization of the ℓ-conformal Galilei group in 2+1 dimensions on a single complex field. The simplest Lagrangians yield the complex PaisUhlenbeck oscillator equations. We introduce a minimal deformation of the ℓ = 1/2 conformal Galilei (a.k.a. Schrödinger) algebra and construct the corresponding invariant actions. Based on a new realization of the d = 1 conformal group, we find a massive extension of the near-horizon Kerr-dS/AdS metric.RSCF/14-11-00598RFBR/15-52-05022 Arm-aDFG/Le-838/12-2RFBR/16-52-12012-aHeisenberg-Landau programCOST Action MP1405 QSPAC
Measurement of the double-di erential high-mass Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the double-differential cross section for the Drell-Yan Z/γ∗ → ℓ+ℓ− and photon-induced γγ → ℓ+ℓ− processes where ℓ is an electron or muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the lepton pairs, mℓℓ, between 116 GeV and 1500 GeV using a sample of 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions data at centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are presented double differentially in invariant mass and absolute dilepton rapidity as well as in invariant mass and absolute pseudorapidity separation of the lepton pair. The single-differential cross section as a function of mℓℓ is also reported. The electron and muon channel measurements are combined and a total experimental precision of better than 1% is achieved at low mℓℓ. A comparison to next-to-next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions using several recent parton distribution functions and including next-to-leading order electroweak effects indicates the potential of the data to constrain parton distribution functions. In particular, a large impact of the data on the photon PDF is demonstrated
Probabilistic opinion pooling generalized. Part two: the premise-based approach

How can several individuals’ probability functions on a given σσ -algebra of events be aggregated into a collective probability function? Classic approaches to this problem usually require ‘event-wise independence’: the collective probability for each event should depend only on the individuals’ probabilities for that event. In practice, however, some events may be ‘basic’ and others ‘derivative’, so that it makes sense first to aggregate the probabilities for the former and then to let these constrain the probabilities for the latter. We formalize this idea by introducing a ‘premise-based’ approach to probabilistic opinion pooling, and show that, under a variety of assumptions, it leads to linear or neutral opinion pooling on the ‘premises’
Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects : eco-evolutionary and management consequences

The advent of simple and affordable tools for molecular identification of novel insect
invaders and assessment of population diversity has changed the face of invasion biology in
recent years. The widespread application of these tools has brought with it an emerging
understanding that patterns in biogeography, introduction history and subsequent movement
and spread of many invasive alien insects are far more complex than previously thought. We
reviewed the literature and found that for a number of invasive insects, there is strong and
growing evidence that multiple introductions, complex global movement, and population
admixture in the invaded range are commonplace. Additionally, historical paradigms related
to species and strain identities and origins of common invaders are in many cases being challenged. This has major consequences for our understanding of basic biology and ecology
of invasive insects and impacts quarantine, management and biocontrol programs. In addition,
we found that founder effects rarely limit fitness in invasive insects and may benefit
populations (by purging harmful alleles or increasing additive genetic variance). Also, while
phenotypic plasticity appears important post-establishment, genetic diversity in invasive
insects is often higher than expected and increases over time via multiple introductions.
Further, connectivity among disjunct regions of global invasive ranges is generally far higher
than expected and is often asymmetric, with some populations contributing disproportionately
to global spread. We argue that the role of connectivity in driving the ecology and evolution
of introduced species with multiple invasive ranges has been historically underestimated and
that such species are often best understood in a global context.Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP), the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) of South Africa.http://link.springer.com/journal/105302017-04-30hb2016Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsZoology and Entomolog
Immune Cell Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates the Development of Obesity- and Endotoxemia-Associated Adipose Tissue Fibrosis

SummaryAdipose tissue fibrosis development blocks adipocyte hypertrophy and favors ectopic lipid accumulation. Here, we show that adipose tissue fibrosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in humans and mice. Kinetic studies in C3H mice fed a high-fat diet show activation of macrophages and progression of fibrosis along with adipocyte metabolic dysfunction and death. Adipose tissue fibrosis is attenuated by macrophage depletion. Impairment of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling protects mice from obesity-induced fibrosis. The presence of a functional Toll-like receptor 4 on adipose tissue hematopoietic cells is necessary for the initiation of adipose tissue fibrosis. Continuous low-dose infusion of the Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide, promotes adipose tissue fibrosis. Ex vivo, lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of fibrosis is prevented by antibodies against the profibrotic factor TGFβ1. Together, these results indicate that obesity and endotoxemia favor the development of adipose tissue fibrosis, a condition associated with insulin resistance, through immune cell Toll-like receptor 4
Tracing VAT-2008 Program Participants’ Self-development: Effect of Social Work Program Undergraduates Intervention Strategies

AbstractResearch regarding violence amongst youth and teenagers had suggested the importance of designing and implementing effective intervention programs that takes into account the participants’ specific needs of the teenagers. The purpose of the study: to identify the effect of the VAT-2008 program on teenagers who were categorized as high-risk teenagers by their respective schools; to identify the VAT-2008 participants’ self development from the sosio-economy, values and personality aspects; to determine the factors that constraint the VAT-2008 participants from changing their attitudes. What are the effect of the VAT-2008 program on the high-risk school teenagers from the aspects of their self-development socio-economy, values, personality and change in attitude? This study was framed within the descriptive qualitative research approach. It adopted the exploratory field work research design in which primary data was collected via the open-ended questionnaires and supplemented by performing face-to-face interviews, using interview schedule which was constructed by the researchers, with the participants and their parents and/or family members. A significant percentage of the participants reported the VAT-2008 program had positively impact on their feelings of self-worth, level of confidence, and made them become a more independent and responsible individual. Participants had also confided that they become more responsible to their families and had realized the importance of working their ways to towards attaining a better and comfortable life. Each participant's case is unique. Despite reporting the positive impact of the program on them, nevertheless their experience participating in the VAT-2008 program had qualitatively different effect on their their self-development, socio-economy, values, personality and attitude. The interventions strategies implemented by the Social-Work undergraduates had indeed significantly touched their life journey
Implications of Three-Step Swimming Patterns in Bacterial Chemotaxis

AbstractWe recently found that marine bacteria Vibrio alginolyticus execute a cyclic three-step (run-reverse-flick) motility pattern that is distinctively different from the two-step (run-tumble) pattern of Escherichia coli. How this novel, to our knowledge, swimming pattern is regulated by cells of V. alginolyticus is not currently known, but its significance for bacterial chemotaxis is self-evident and will be delineated herein. Using a statistical approach, we calculated the migration speed of a cell executing the three-step pattern in a linear chemical gradient, and found that a biphasic chemotactic response arises naturally. The implication of such a response for the cells to adapt to ocean environments and its possible connection to E. coli's response are also discussed
Magnetic properties of scalar particles—the scalar Aharonov–Casher effect and supersymmetry

AbstractThe original topological Aharonov–Casher (AC) effect is due to the interaction of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM) with certain configurations of electric field. Naively one would not expect an AC effect for a scalar particle for which no anomalous MDM can be defined in the usual sense. In this Letter we study the AC effect in supersymmetric systems. In this framework there is the possibility of deducing the AC effect of a scalar particle from the corresponding effect for a spinor particle. In 3+1 dimensions such a connection is not possible because the anomalous MDM is zero if supersymmetry is an exact symmetry. However, in 2+1 dimensions it is possible to have an anomalous MDM even with exact supersymmetry.Having demonstrated the relationship between the spinor and the scalar MDM, we proceed to show that the scalar AC effect is uniquely defined. We then compute the anomalous MDM at the one-loop level, showing how the scalar form arises in 2+1 dimensions from the coupling of the scalar to spinors. This model shows how an AC effect for a scalar can be generated for non-supersymmetric theories, and we construct such a model to illustrate the mechanis
The quarkyonic phase and the ZNc symmetry

AbstractWe investigate the interplay between the ZNc symmetry and the emergence of the quarkyonic phase, adding the flavor-dependent complex chemical potentials μf=μ+iTθf with (θf)=(0,θ,−θ) to the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. When θ=0, the PNJL model with the μf agrees with the standard PNJL model with the real chemical potential μ. When θ=2π/3, meanwhile, the PNJL model with the μf has the ZNc symmetry exactly for any real μ, so that the quarkyonic phase exists at small T and large μ. Once θ varies from 2π/3, the quarkyonic phase exists only on a line of T=0 and μ larger than the dynamical quark mass, and the region at small T and large μ is dominated by the quarkyonic-like phase in which the Polyakov loop is small but finite
Energy-Efficient Information Transfer by Visual Pathway Synapses

SummaryThe architecture of computational devices is shaped by their energy consumption. Energetic constraints are used to design silicon-based computers but are poorly understood for neural computation. In the brain, most energy is used to reverse ion influxes generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and action potentials. Thus, EPSCs should be small to minimize energy use, but not so small as to impair information transmission. We quantified information flow through the retinothalamic synapse in the visual pathway in brain slices, with cortical and inhibitory input to the postsynaptic cell blocked. Altering EPSC size with dynamic clamp, we found that a larger-than-normal EPSC increased information flow through the synapse. Thus, the evolutionarily selected EPSC size does not maximize retinal information flow to the cortex. By assessing the energy used on postsynaptic ion pumping and action potentials, we show that, instead, the EPSC size optimizes the ratio of retinal information transmitted to energy consumed. These data suggest maximization of information transmission per energy used as a synaptic design principle
Riemann ζ(3)-terms in perturbative QED series, conformal symmetry and the analogies with structures of multiloop effects in N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory

AbstractAs was discovered recently, the 5-loop perturbative quenched QED approximation to the QED β-function consist from the rational term and the term proportional to ζ(3)-function. It is stressed, that this feature is also manifesting itself in the conformal invariant pqQED series for the 4-loop approximation to the anomalous mass dimension. The 4-loop pqQED expression for the singlet contribution into the Ellis–Jaffe polarized sum rule is obtained. It coincides with the similar approximation for the non-singlet coefficient functions of the Ellis–Jaffe sum rule and of the Bjorken polarized sum rule. It is stressed that this property is valid in all orders of perturbation theory thanks to the conformal symmetry of pqQED series and to the Crewther relation, which relates non-singlet and singlet coefficient functions of the Ellis–Jaffe sum rule with the coefficient functions of the non-singlet and singlet Adler D-functions. The basic steps of derivation of the Crewther relation in the singlet channel from the AVV triangle diagram are outlined. The similarities between analytical structures of asymptotic series for the coefficient functions in pqQED and for the anomalous dimensions in N=4 conformal invariant supersymmertic Yang–Mills theory are observed. The guess is proposed that the appearance of ζ(3)-terms in the pqQED expressions and the absence of ζ(5)-terms at the same level is the indication of absence of “wrapping” interactions in pqQED