pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Fe-XANES analyses of Reykjanes Ridge basalts: Implications for oceanic crust's role in the solid Earth oxygen cycle

AbstractThe cycling of material from Earth's surface environment into its interior can couple mantle oxidation state to the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere. A major uncertainty in this exchange is whether altered oceanic crust entering subduction zones can carry the oxidised signal it inherits during alteration at the ridge into the deep mantle for long-term storage. Recycled oceanic crust may be entrained into mantle upwellings and melt under ocean islands, creating the potential for basalt chemistry to constrain solid Earth–hydrosphere redox coupling.Numerous independent observations suggest that Iceland contains a significant recycled oceanic crustal component, making it an ideal locality to investigate links between redox proxies and geochemical indices of enrichment. We have interrogated the elemental, isotope and redox geochemistry of basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge, which forms a 700 km transect of the Iceland plume. Over this distance, geophysical and geochemical tracers of plume influence vary dramatically, with the basalts recording both long- and short-wavelength heterogeneity in the Iceland plume. We present new high-precision Fe-XANES measurements of Fe3+/∑Fe on a suite of 64 basalt glasses from the Reykjanes Ridge. These basalts exhibit positive correlations between Fe3+/∑Fe and trace element and isotopic signals of enrichment, and become progressively oxidised towards Iceland: fractionation-corrected Fe3+/∑Fe increases by ∼0.015 and ΔQFM by ∼0.2 log units. We rule out a role for sulfur degassing in creating this trend, and by considering various redox melting processes and metasomatic source enrichment mechanisms, conclude that an intrinsically oxidised component within the Icelandic mantle is required. Given the previous evidence for entrained oceanic crustal material within the Iceland plume, we consider this the most plausible carrier of the oxidised signal.To determine the ferric iron content of the recycled component ([Fe2O3]source) we project observed liquid compositions to an estimate of Fe2O3 in the pure enriched endmember melt, and then apply simple fractional melting models, considering lherzolitic and pyroxenitic source mineralogies, to estimate [Fe2O3](source) content. Propagating uncertainty through these steps, we obtain a range of [Fe2O3](source) for the enriched melts (0.9–1.4 wt%) that is significantly greater than the ferric iron content of typical upper mantle lherzolites. This range of ferric iron contents is consistent with a hybridised lherzolite–basalt (pyroxenite) mantle component. The oxidised signal in enriched Icelandic basalts is therefore potential evidence for seafloor–hydrosphere interaction having oxidised ancient mid-ocean ridge crust, generating a return flux of oxygen into the deep mantle
Encoding and estimation of first-and second-order binocular disparity in natural images

The first stage of processing of binocular information in the visual cortex is performed by mechanisms that are bandpass-tuned for spatial frequency and orientation. Psychophysical and physiological evidence have also demonstrated the existence of second-order mechanisms in binocular processing, which can encode disparities that are not directly accessible to first-order mechanisms. We compared the responses of first- and second-order binocular filters to natural images. We found that the responses of the second-order mechanisms are to some extent correlated with the responses of the first-order mechanisms, and that they can contribute to increasing both the accuracy, and depth range, of binocular stereopsis.publishersversionPeer reviewe
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of edelfosine-loaded lipid nanoparticles against glioma.

Edelfosine is the prototype molecule of a family of anticancer drugs collectively known as synthetic alkyl-lysophospholipids. This drug holds promise as a selective antitumor agent, and a number of preclinical assays are in progress. In this study, we observe the accumulation of edelfosine in brain tissue after its oral administration in Compritol® and Precirol® lipid nanoparticles (LN). The high accumulation of edelfosine in brain was due to the inhibition of P-glycoprotein by Tween® 80, as verified using a P-glycoprotein drug interaction assay. Moreover, these LN were tested in vitro against the C6 glioma cell line, which was later employed to establish an in vivo xenograft mouse model of glioma. In vitro studies revealed that edelfosine-loaded LN induced an antiproliferative effect in C6 glioma cell line. In addition, in vivo oral administration of drug-loaded LN in NMRI nude mice bearing a C6 glioma xenograft tumor induced a highly significant reduction in tumor growth (p<0.01) fourteen days after the beginning of the treatment. Our results showed that Tween® 80 coated Compritol® and Precirol® LN can effectively inhibit the growth of C6 glioma cells in vitro and suggest that edelfosine-loaded LN represent an attractive option for the enhancement of antitumor activity on brain tumors in vivo
$W^\pm Z$ production at the LHC: fiducial cross sections and
  distributions in NNLO QCD

We report on the first fully differential calculation for $W^\pm Z$
production in hadron collisions up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in
QCD perturbation theory. Leptonic decays of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons are
consistently taken into account, i.e. we include all resonant and non-resonant
diagrams that contribute to the process $pp\to \ell^{'\pm} \nu_{\ell^{'}}
\ell^+\ell^-+X$ both in the same-flavour ($\ell'=\ell$) and the
different-flavour ($\ell'\neq \ell$) channel. Fiducial cross sections and
distributions are presented in the presence of standard selection cuts applied
in the experimental $W^\pm Z$ analyses by ATLAS and CMS at centre-of-mass
energies of 8 and 13\,TeV. As previously shown for the inclusive cross section,
NNLO corrections increase the NLO result by about $10\%$, thereby leading to an
improved agreement with experimental data. The importance of NNLO accurate
predictions is also shown in the case of new-physics scenarios, where,
especially in high-$p_T$ categories, their impact can reach ${\cal O}(20\%)$.
The availability of differential NNLO predictions will play a crucial role in
the rich physics programme that is based on precision studies of $W^\pm Z$
signatures at the LHC.Comment: 38 pages, 18 figures, 8 table
On the $\eta$ and $\eta'$ Photoproduction Beam Asymmetry at High
  Energies

We show that, in the Regge limit, beam asymmetries in $\eta$ and $\eta'$
photoproduction are sensitive to hidden strangeness components. Under
reasonable assumptions about the couplings we estimate the contribution of the
$\phi$ Regge pole, which is expected to be the dominant hidden strangeness
contribution. The ratio of the asymmetries in $\eta'$ and $\eta$ production is
estimated to be close to unity in the forward region $0 < -t/\text{GeV}^2 \leq
1$ at the photon energy $E_\text{lab} = 9$~GeV, relevant for the upcoming
measurements at Jefferson Lab.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Acid Green 25 removal form wastewater by organo-bentonite from Pacitan

The capability of surfactant modified-bentonite for adsorption of dyestuff  from aqueous solution wasinvestigated. The so-called “organo-bentonite” was obtained by modifying the raw bentonite obtained from Pacitan, Indonesia using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and later employed as adsorbent for Acid Green 25 removal. Isotherm and kinetic experiments were carried out on three different temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C). Langmuir and Freundlich models were chosen for isotherm equilibria data correlation, of which the former showed better suitability. On kinetic data representation, pseudo-first and second order models were used, with the last model gave better correlation
SPICES: spectro-polarimetric imaging and characterization of exoplanetary systems.

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a five-year M-class mission proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks in the visible (450-900 nm) at a spectral resolution of about 40 using both spectroscopy and polarimetry. By 2020/2022, present and near-term instruments will have found several tens of planets that SPICES will be able to observe and study in detail. Equipped with a 1.5 m telescope, SPICES can preferentially access exoplanets located at several AUs (0.5-10 AU) from nearby stars (<25 pc) with masses ranging from a few Jupiter masses to Super Earths (∼2 Earth radii, ∼10 M) as well as circumstellar disks as faint as a few times the zodiacal light in the Solar System
On axion monodromy inflation in warped throats

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.2 (2015): 086 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Recent models of axion monodromy inflation in string theory link the inflationary potential and the moduli stabilization potential. Realistic inflationary models require mechanisms to moderately suppress the inflaton mass with respect to the moduli stabilization scale. In this paper we explore the realization of this idea using warped throats, whose redshifted infrared region supports the inflaton mode. The inflaton potential and its monodrami arise from couplings to the fluxes supporting the throat. We provide explicit realizations of such throats in type IIB with NSNS and RR 3-form field strength fluxes, and in type IIA with RR 2-form fluxes. Once embedded in a global CY, these systems would provide a mechanism to realize chaotic inflation at scales parametrically suppressed with respect to bulk physics. The construction of the throats is systematically carried out using geometric transitions in systems of D-branes at singularities, whose properties and dynamics are efficiently encoded using dimer diagrams. The holographic dual of the axion monodromy is a quasi-periodic chain of Seiberg dualitiesThe work of S. F. and D. G. is supported by the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). A. R. and A. U. are partially supported by the grants FPA2012-32828 from the MINECO, the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421 and the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme. A. R. was also partially supported by the COST Action MP121
Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search for microscopic black holes and string balls is presented, based on a data sample of pp collisions at √s=8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12 fb-1. No excess of events with energetic multiparticle final states, typical of black hole production or of similar new physics processes, is observed. Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence level limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions. In addition, model-independent limits are set on new physics processes resulting in energetic multiparticle final states. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
The impact of temporary employment and employment protection on labour productivity: evidence from an industry-level panel of EU countries

In recent years the availability of new industry-level data allowed to evaluate the impact of labour market policies more consistently than previous standard cross-country studies. In this paper an industry-level panel is exploited to evaluate the impact of Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) for temporary employment (TE), along with permanent employment (PE), in EU countries. Indeed, the advantage of using industry-level data is manifold. The method exploits both cross-country variation in EPL for PE and TE and variation in the relevance of EPL in different industries deriving from a particular diff-in-diff assumption. Differently from the previous literature we apply this idea of the different binding of EPL only for PE, whereas we implement a different strategy for TE which should imply a more accurate identification of the effect of the use of TE on labour productivity. The theoretical literature has not established a clear prediction on the sign of the effects, existing different convincing reasons for both directions. Thus, the results of the analysis have potentially important policy implications. Our main finding is that the use of temporary contracts has a negative, even if small in magnitude, effect on labour productivity. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that EPL for regular contracts reduce labour productivity growth more in those industries requiring a greater employment reallocation
Search for a massive resonance decaying into a Higgs boson and a W or Z boson in hadronic final states in proton- proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for a massive resonance decaying into a standard- model-like Higgs boson (H) and a W or Z boson is reported. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Signal events, in which the decay products of Higgs, W, or Z bosons at high Lorentz boost are contained within single reconstructed jets, are identified using jet substructure techniques, including the tagging of b hadrons. This is the first search for heavy resonances decaying into HW or HZ resulting in an all-jet final state, as well as the first application of jet substructure techniques to identify H to WW* to 4q decays at high Lorentz boost. No significant signal is observed and limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of W' and Z' in a model with mass-degenerate charged and neutral spin-1 resonances. Resonance masses are excluded for W' in the interval [1.0, 1.6] TeV, for Z' in the intervals [1.0, 1.1] and [1.3, 1.5] TeV, and for mass-degenerate W' and Z' in the interval [1.0, 1.7] TeV
Climate change and river flooding. Part 1, Classifying the sensitivity of British catchments

Effective national and regional policy guidance on climate change adaptation relies on robust scientific evidence. This two-part series of papers develops and implements a novel scenario-neutral framework enabling an assessment of the vulnerability of flood flows in British catchments to climatic change, to underpin the development of guidance for the flood management community. In this first part, the sensitivity of the 20-year return period flood peak (RP20) to changes in precipitation (P), temperature (T) and potential evapotranspiration (PE) is systematically assessed for 154 catchments. A sensitivity domain of 4,200 scenarios is applied combining 525 and 8 sets of P and T/PE mean monthly changes, respectively, with seasonality incorporated using a single-phase harmonic function. Using the change factor method, the percentage change in RP20 associated with each scenario of the sensitivity domain is calculated, giving flood response surfaces for each catchment. Using a clustering procedure on the response surfaces, the 154 catchments are divided into nine groups: flood sensitivity types. These sensitivity types show that some catchments are (very) sensitive to changes in P but others buffer the response, while the location of catchments of the same type does not show any strong geographical pattern. These results reflect the range of hydrological processes found in Britain, and demonstrate the potential importance of catchment properties (physical and climatic) in the propagation of change in climate to change in floods, and so in characterising the sensitivity types (covered in the companion paper)
Surgeons' perspectives on surgical wound infection rate data in Queensland, Australia

Background:\ud
The results of the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) project demonstrated that hospitals with active infection control programs had lower rates of nosocomial infection than those without such programs. A key component of these programs was the inclusion of a systematic method for monitoring nosocomial infection and reporting these infections to clinicians. \ud
Objectives:\ud
To identify the perspectives of surgeons in Queensland, Australia, regarding infection rate data in terms of its accuracy and usefulness as well as their perceptions regarding acceptable infection rates for surgical procedures classified as "clean" or "contaminated." \ud
Methods:\ud
A postal survey was conducted, with a convenience sample of 510 surgeons. \ud
Results:\ud
More than 40% (n = 88) of respondents believed that the acceptable infection rate associated with clean surgical procedures should be less than 1%, a rate much lower than the threshold of 1.4% to 4.1% set by the Australian Council on Healthcare Standards (ACHS). Almost 30% (n = 55) of respondents reported that they would accept infection rates of 10% or higher for contaminated surgical procedures, which is higher than the ACHS threshold of 1.4% to 7.9%. Respondents identified failure to include postdischarge infections in the data and difficulties standardizing criteria for diagnosis of infection as the major impediments to the accuracy and usefulness of data provided. \ud
Conclusion:\ud
The results of this study have significant implications in relation to the preparation of surgical site infection reports, especially in relation to the inclusion of postdischarge surveillance data and information regarding pathogens, antibiotic sensitivities, and comorbidities of patients developing surgical site infection. Surgeons also identified the need to include information regarding the use of standardized definitions in the diagnosis of wound infection and parameters that allow comparison of infection rates to improve their perceptions regarding data accuracy and usefulness
Search for displaced muonic lepton jets from light Higgs boson decay in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration Contributors: Paul Douglas Jackson of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, United States.A search is performed for collimated muon pairs displaced from the primary vertex produced in the decay of long-lived neutral particles in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. In a 1.9 fb⁻¹ event sample collected during 2011, the observed data are consistent with the Standard Model background expectations. Limits on the product of the production cross section and the branching ratio of a Higgs boson decaying to hidden-sector neutral long-lived particles are derived as a function of the particlesʼ mean lifetime.ATLAS Collaboratio
In vitro and in vivo modeling of lipid bioaccessibility and digestion from almond muffins: The importance of the cell-wall barrier mechanism

This study compares in vitro and in vivo models of lipid digestion from almond particles within a complex food matrix (muffins) investigating whether the cell-wall barrier regulates the bioaccessibility of nutrients within this matrix. Muffins containing small (AF) or large (AP) particles of almond were digested in triplicate using an in vitro dynamic gastric model (DGM, 1 h) followed by a static duodenal digestion (8 h). AF muffins had 97.1 ± 1.7% of their lipid digested, whereas AP muffins had 57.6 ± 1.1% digested. In vivo digestion of these muffins by an ileostomy volunteer (0–10 h) gave similar results with 96.5% and 56.5% lipid digested, respectively. The AF muffins produced a higher postprandial triacylglycerol iAUC response (by 61%) than the AP muffins. Microstructural analysis showed that some lipid remained encapsulated within the plant tissue throughout digestion. The cell-wall barrier mechanism is the main factor in regulating lipid bioaccessibility from almond particles
Labour market entries and and exits of women from different origin countries in the UK

Labour force participation rates of women differ strongly by ethnic origin. Even though existing research using cross-sectional studies has demonstrated that part of these differences can be attributed to compositional differences in human capital, household conditions and gender attitudes, residual ‘ethnic effects’ typically remain. To further our understanding of women’s labour market behaviour across ethnic groups, we use a large-scale longitudinal study and apply a dynamic perspective to examine how far relevant life-course events in addition to individual characteristics, gender attitudes and religiosity contribute to the explanation of ethnic differences in women’s labour force entries and exits in the UK. Our findings show that, adjusting for all these factors, Indian and Caribbean women do not differ from White majority women in their labour force entry and exit probabilities but that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are less likely to enter and more likely to exit the labour market, whereas Black African women have higher entry rates. We also find that relations between life-course events and labour market transitions differ by ethnic group. Most notably, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women’s labour market transitions are less sensitive to child-bearing and Caribbean women’s transitions less sensitive to partnership changes than other women'
Orthotropic strain rate potentials using multiple linear transformations

This paper reviews a class of anisotropic plastic strain-rate potentials, based on linear transformations of the plastic strain-rate tensor. A new formulation is proposed, which includes former models as particular cases and allows for an arbitrary number of linear transformations, involving an increasing number of anisotropy parameters. The formulation is convex and fully three-dimensional, thus being suitable for computer implementation in finite element codes. The parameter identification procedure uses a micromechanical model to generate evenly distributed reference points in the full space of possible loading modes. Material parameters are determined for several anisotropic, fcc and bcc sheet metals, and the gain in accuracy of the new models is demonstrated. For the considered materials, increasing the number of linear transformations leads to a systematic improvement of the accuracy, up to a number of five linear transformations. The proposed model fits very closely the predictions of the micromechanical model in the whole space of plastic strain-rate directions. The r-values, which are not directly used in the identification procedure, served for the validation of the models and to demonstrate their improved accuracy
Measurement of the cross-section for electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The cross-section for the production of two jets in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson (Zjj ) is measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The electroweak Zjj cross-section is extracted in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution relative to the dominant Drell–Yan Zjj process, which is constrained using a data-driven approach. The measured fiducial electroweak cross-section is = fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 250 GeV, and fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 1 TeV. Standard Model predictions are in agreement with the measurements. The inclusive Zjj cross-section is also measured in six different fiducial regions with varying contributions from electroweak and Drell–Yan Zjj production.OIT -Ontario Innovation Trust(IN2P3-CNRS)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio