pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Towards an effective intrusion response engine combined with intrusion detection in ad hoc networks

In this paper, we present an effective intrusion response engine combined with intrusion detection in ad hoc networks. The intrusion response engine is composed of a secure communication module, a local and a global response module. Its function is based on an innovative tree-based key agreement protocol while the intrusion detection engine is based on a class of neural networks called eSOM. The proposed intrusion response model and the tree-based protocol, it is based on, are analyzed concerning key secrecy while the intrusion detection engine is evaluated for MANET under different traffic conditions and mobility patterns. The results show a high detection rate for packet dropping attacks
Implementation of the Random Forest Method for the Imaging Atmospheric
  Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC

The paper describes an application of the tree classification method Random
Forest (RF), as used in the analysis of data from the ground-based gamma
telescope MAGIC. In such telescopes, cosmic gamma-rays are observed and have to
be discriminated against a dominating background of hadronic cosmic-ray
particles. We describe the application of RF for this gamma/hadron separation.
The RF method often shows superior performance in comparison with traditional
semi-empirical techniques. Critical issues of the method and its implementation
are discussed. An application of the RF method for estimation of a continuous
parameter from related variables, rather than discrete classes, is also
discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure
The semiclassical--Sobolev orthogonal polynomials: a general approach

We say that the polynomial sequence $(Q^{(\lambda)}_n)$ is a semiclassical
Sobolev polynomial sequence when it is orthogonal with respect to the inner
product $$ <p, r>_S=<{{\bf u}} ,{p\, r}> +\lambda <{{\bf u}}, {{\mathscr D}p
\,{\mathscr D}r}>, $$ where ${\bf u}$ is a semiclassical linear functional,
${\mathscr D}$ is the differential, the difference or the $q$--difference
operator, and $\lambda$ is a positive constant. In this paper we get algebraic
and differential/difference properties for such polynomials as well as
algebraic relations between them and the polynomial sequence orthogonal with
respect to the semiclassical functional $\bf u$. The main goal of this article
is to give a general approach to the study of the polynomials orthogonal with
respect to the above nonstandard inner product regardless of the type of
operator ${\mathscr D}$ considered. Finally, we illustrate our results by
applying them to some known families of Sobolev orthogonal polynomials as well
as to some new ones introduced in this paper for the first time.Comment: 23 pages, special issue dedicated to Professor Guillermo Lopez
  lagomasino on the occasion of his 60th birthday, accepted in Journal of
  Approximation Theor
Dynamo generated field emergence through recurrent plasmoid ejections

Magnetic buoyancy is believed to drive the transport of magnetic flux tubes
from the convection zone to the surface of the Sun. The magnetic fields form
twisted loop-like structures in the solar atmosphere. In this paper we use
helical forcing to produce a large-scale dynamo-generated magnetic field, which
rises even without magnetic buoyancy. A two layer system is used as
computational domain where the upper part represents the solar atmosphere.
Here, the evolution of the magnetic field is solved with the stress--and--relax
method. Below this region a magnetic field is produced by a helical forcing
function in the momentum equation, which leads to dynamo action. We find
twisted magnetic fields emerging frequently to the outer layer, forming
arch-like structures. In addition, recurrent plasmoid ejections can be found by
looking at space--time diagrams of the magnetic field. Recent simulations in
spherical coordinates show similar results.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures, To appear in the proceedings of the IAU273
  "Physics of Sun and Star Spots
The spectroscopic evolution of the symbiotic-like recurrent nova V407
  Cygni during its 2010 outburst. I. The shock and its evolution

On 2010 Mar 10, V407 Cyg was discovered in outburst, eventually reaching V< 8
and detected by Fermi. Using medium and high resolution ground-based optical
spectra, visual and Swift UV photometry, and Swift X-ray spectrophotometry, we
describe the behavior of the high-velocity profile evolution for this nova
during its first three months. The peak of the X-ray emission occurred at about
day 40 with a broad maximum and decline after day 50. The main changes in the
optical spectrum began at around that time. The He II 4686A line first appeared
between days 7 and 14 and initially displayed a broad, symmetric profile that
is characteristic of all species before day 60. Low-excitation lines remained
comparatively narrow, with v(rad,max) of order 200-400 km/s. They were
systematically more symmetric than lines such as [Ca V], [Fe VII], [Fe X], and
He II, all of which showed a sequence of profile changes going from symmetric
to a blue wing similar to that of the low ionization species but with a red
wing extended to as high as 600 km/s . The Na I D doublet developed a broad
component with similar velocity width to the other low-ionization species. The
O VI Raman features were not detected. We interpret these variations as
aspherical expansion of the ejecta within the Mira wind. The blue side is from
the shock penetrating into the wind while the red wing is from the low-density
periphery. The maximum radial velocities obey power laws, v(rad,max) t^{-n}
with n ~ 1/3 for red wing and ~0.8 for the blue. (truncated)Comment: Accepted for publication, A&A (submitted: 9 Oct 2010; accepted: 1 Dec
  2010) in press; based on data obtained with Swift, Nordic Optical Telescope,
  Ondrejov Observatory. Corrected typo, Fermi?LAT detection was at energies
  above 100 MeV (with thanks to C. C. Cheung
Study of the local field distribution on a single-molecule magnet-by a
  single paramagnetic crystal; a DPPH crystal on the surface of an Mn12-acetate
  crystal

The local magnetic field distribution on the subsurface of a single-molecule
magnet crystal, SMM, above blocking temperature (T >> Tb) detected for a very
short time interval (~ 10-10 s), has been investigated. Electron Paramagnetic
Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using a local paramagnetic probe was employed as a
simple alternative detection method. An SMM crystal of
[Mn12O12(CH3COO)16(H2O)4].2CH3COOH.4H2O (Mn12-acetate) and a crystal of 2,2-
diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as the paramagnetic probe were chosen for this
study. The EPR spectra of DPPH deposited on Mn12-acetate show additional
broadening and shifting in the magnetic field in comparison to the spectra of
the DPPH in the absence of the SMM crystal. The additional broadening of the
DPPH linewidth was considered in terms of the two dominant electron spin
interactions (dipolar and exchange) and the local magnetic field distribution
on the crystal surface. The temperature dependence of the linewidth of the
Gaussian distribution of local fields at the SMM surface was extrapolated for
the low temperature interval (70-5 K)
Hopping models and ac universality

Some general relations for hopping models are established. We proceed to
discuss the universality of the ac conductivity which arises in the extreme
disorder limit of the random barrier model. It is shown that the relevant
dimension entering into the diffusion cluster approximation (DCA) is the
harmonic (fracton) dimension of the diffusion cluster. The temperature scaling
of the dimensionless frequency entering into the DCA is discussed. Finally,
some open questions about ac universality are mentioned.Comment: 6 page
Solvent mediated interactions close to fluid-fluid phase separation:
  microscopic treatment of bridging in a soft core fluid

Using density functional theory we calculate the density profiles of a binary
solvent adsorbed around a pair of big solute particles. All species interact
via repulsive Gaussian potentials. The solvent exhibits fluid-fluid phase
separation and for thermodynamic states near to coexistence the big particles
can be surrounded by a thick adsorbed `wetting' film of the coexisting solvent
phase. On reducing the separation between the two big particles we find there
can be a `bridging' transition as the wetting films join to form a fluid
bridge. The potential between the two big particles becomes long ranged and
strongly attractive in the bridged configuration. Within our mean-field
treatment the bridging transition results in a discontinuity in the solvent
mediated force. We demonstrate that accounting for the phenomenon of bridging
requires the presence of a non-zero bridge function in the correlations between
the solute particles when our model fluid is described within a full mixture
theory based upon the Ornstein-Zernike equations.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
Inclusive jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep
  inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha_s

Inclusive jet differential cross sections have been measured in neutral
current deep inelastic e+p scattering for boson virtualities Q**2>125 GeV**2.
The data were taken using the ZEUS detector at HERA and correspond to an
integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb-1. Jets were identified in the Breit frame
using the longitudinally invariant K_T cluster algorithm. Measurements of
differential inclusive jet cross sections are presented as functions of jet
transverse energy (E_T,jet), jet pseudorapidity and Q**2, for jets with
E_T,jet>8 GeV. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations agree well with the
measurements both at high Q**2 and high E_T,jet. The value of alpha_s(M_Z),
determined from an analysis of dsigma/dQ**2 for Q**2>500 GeV**2, is
alpha_s(M_Z) = 0.1212 +/- 0.0017 (stat.) +0.0023 / -0.0031 (syst.) +0.0028 /
-0.0027 (th.).Comment: 34 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables; submitted to Phys. Let
Evidence for a narrow baryonic state decaying to K0s-p and K0s-pbar in
  deep inelastic scattering at HERA

A resonance search has been made in the K0s p and K0s pbar invariant-mass
spectrum measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity
of 121 pb-1. The search was performed in the central rapidity region of
inclusive deep inelastic scattering at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 300-318
GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q2, above 1 GeV2. Recent results from
fixed-target experiments give evidence for a narrow baryon resonance decaying
to K+ n and K0s p, interpreted as a pentaquark. The results presented here
support the existence of such state, with a mass of
1521.5+/-1.5(stat.)^{+2.8}_{-1.7}(syst.) MeV and a Gaussian width consistent
with the experimental resolution of 2 MeV. The signal is visible at high Q2
and, for Q2>20 GeV2, contains 221+/-48 events. The probability of a similar
signal anywhere in the range 1500-1560 MeV arising from fluctuations of the
background is below 6x10^{-5}.Comment: 4 eps figures, 15 pages, 1 table, accepted by Physics Letters
The B^+ B_d^0 Lifetime Difference Beyond Leading Logarithms

We compute perturbative QCD corrections to the lifetime splitting between the
charged and neutral $B$ meson in the framework of the heavy quark expansion.
These next-to-leading logarithmic corrections are necessary for a meaningful
use of hadronic matrix elements of local operators from lattice gauge theory.
We find the uncertainties associated with the choices of renormalization scale
and scheme significantly reduced compared to the leading-order result. We
include the full dependence on the charm-quark mass $m_c$ without any
approximations. Using hadronic matrix elements estimated in the literature with
lattice QCD we obtain $\tau(B^+)/\tau(B^0_d)=1.053\pm 0.027\pm 0.017$, where
the effects of unquenching and $1/m_b$ corrections are not yet included. The
lifetime difference of heavy baryons $\Xi^0_b$ and $\Xi^-_b$ is also briefly
discussed.Comment: 20 pages, LaTe
Dynamics of the chiral phase transition in the 2+1 dimensional
  Gross-Neveu model

The phase diagram of the Gross-Neveu (G-N) model in 2+1 dimensions as a
function of chemical potential and temperature has a simple curve separating
the broken symmetry and unbroken symmetry phases, with chiral symmetry being
restored both at high temperature and high density. We study, in leading order
in the 1/N expansion, the dynamics of the chiral phase transition for an
expanding plasma of quarks in the Gross-Neveu model in 2+1 dimensions assuming
boost invariant kinematics. We compare the time evolution of the order
parameter (mass of the fermion) for evolutions starting in the unbroken and
broken phases. The proper time evolution of the order parameter resembles
previous results in the 1+1 dimensional G-N model in the same approximation.
The time needed to traverse the transition is insensitive to mu.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
The low-mass stellar population in the young cluster Tr37: Disk
  evolution, accretion, and environment

We present a study of accretion and protoplanetary disks around M-type stars
in the 4 Myr-old cluster Tr37. With a well-studied solar-type population, Tr37
is a benchmark for disk evolution. We used low-resolution spectroscopy to
identify 141 members (78 new) and 64 probable members, mostly M-type stars.
H\alpha\ emission provides information about accretion. Optical, 2MASS,
Spitzer, and WISE data are used to trace the SEDs. We construct radiative
transfer models to explore the structures of full-disks, pre-transition,
transition, and dust-depleted disks. Including the new and previously known
members, we confirm that a substantial fraction (~2/5) of disks show signs of
evolution, either as radial dust evolution (transition/pre-transition disks) or
as a more global evolution (low small-dust masses, dust settling, and
weak/absent accretion signatures). Accretion is strongly dependent on the SED
type. About half of the transition objects are consistent with no accretion,
and dust-depleted disks have weak (or undetectable) accretion signatures,
especially among M-type stars. The analysis of accretion and disk structure
suggests a parallel evolution of dust and gas. We find several distinct classes
of evolved disks, based on SED type and accretion, pointing to different disk
dispersal mechanisms and probably different evolutionary paths. Dust depletion
and opening of inner holes appear to be independent processes: most transition
disks are not dust-depleted, and most dust-depleted disks do not require inner
holes. The differences in disk structure between M-type and solar-type stars in
Tr37 (4 Myr) are not as remarkable as in the young, sparse, Coronet cluster
(1-2 Myr), suggesting that other factors, like the environment/interactions,
are likely to play a role in the disk evolution and dispersal. Finally, we also
find some evidence of clumpy star formation or mini-clusters within Tr37.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, plus appendix with tables and figures. Accepted
  by A&
The spectral catalogue of INTEGRAL gamma-ray bursts: results of the
  joint IBIS/SPI spectral analysis

We present the updated INTEGRAL catalogue of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed
between December 2002 and February 2012. The catalogue contains the spectral
parameters for 59 GRBs localized by the INTEGRAL Burst Alert System (IBAS). We
used the data from the two main instruments on board the INTEGRAL satellite:
the spectrometer SPI (SPectrometer on INTEGRAL) nominally covering the energy
range 18 keV - 8 MeV, and the imager IBIS (the Imager on Board the INTEGRAL
Satellite) operating in the range from 15 keV to 10 MeV. For the spectral
analysis we applied a new data extraction technique, developed in order to
explore the energy regions of highest sensitivity for both instruments, SPI and
IBIS. It allowed us to perform analysis of the GRB spectra over a broad energy
range and to determine the bursts' spectral peak energies. The spectral
analysis was performed on the whole sample of GRBs triggered by IBAS, including
all the events observed in period December 2002 - February 2012. The catalogue
contains the trigger times, burst coordinates, positional errors, durations and
peak fluxes for 28 unpublished GRBs observed between September 2008 and
February 2012. The light curves in 20 - 200 keV energy band of these events
were derived using IBIS data. We compare the prompt emission properties of the
INTEGRAL GRB sample with the BATSE and Fermi samples.Comment: 16 pages, 40 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Radial velocity variations in the young eruptive star EX Lup

EX Lup-type objects (EXors) are low-mass pre-main sequence objects
characterized by outbursts attributed to highly enhanced disk accretion. The
trigger mechanism of EXor outbursts is still debated. One theory requires a
close (sub)stellar companion that perturbs the inner disk and triggers the
onset of the outburst. Here, we study the radial velocity (RV) variations of EX
Lup, the prototype of EXors. We conducted a 5-year RV survey with HARPS and
FEROS. We analyzed the activity of EX Lup by checking the bisector and several
other activity indicators. We complemented the RV data with photometric
monitoring to look for signatures of activity or varying accretion. We found
that the RV of EX Lup is periodic, with stable period, semi-amplitude, and
phase over at least four years of observations. This period is not present in
any of the activity indicators. However, the RV of narrow metallic emission
lines suggest the same period, but with an anti-correlating phase. The observed
absorption line RVs can be fitted with a Keplerian solution around a 0.6 M_Sun
central star with M2 sin i = (14.7 +/- 0.7) M_Jup and eccentricity of e = 0.24.
Alternatively, we attempted to model the observations with a cold/hot stellar
spot as well, but the spot parameters needed to reproduce the RV semi-amplitude
are in contradiction with the photometric variability, making the spot scenario
unlikely. We discuss two possibilities to explain the RV data: a geometry with
two accretion columns rotating with the star, and a single accretion flow
synchronized with the orbital motion of the hypothetical companion. In the
companion scenario, the companion's mass would fall into the brown dwarf
desert, which, together with the unusually small separation would make EX Lup a
unique binary system, with interesting implications on the physical mechanisms
responsible for triggering the outburst.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&
Exploration of the Tensor Structure of the Higgs Boson Coupling to Weak
  Bosons in $e^+e^-$ Collisions

Probing signatures of anomalous interactions of the Higgs boson with pairs of
weak vector bosons is an important goal of an $e^+e^-$ collider commissioned as
a Higgs factory. We perform a detailed analysis of such potential of a collider
operating at $250 - 300$ GeV. Mostly using higher dimensional operators in a
gauge-invariant framework, we show that substantial information on anomalous
couplings can be extracted from the total rates of $s$-and $t$-channel Higgs
production. The most obvious kinematic distributions, based on angular
dependence of matrix elements, are relatively less sensitive with moderate
coefficients of anomalous couplings, unless one goes to higher centre-of-mass
energies. Some important quantities to use here, apart from the total event
rates, are the ratios of event rates at different energies, ratios of $s$ and
$t$-channel rates at fixed energies, and under some fortunate circumstances,
the correlated changes in the rates for $W$-boson pair-production. A general
scheme of calculating rates with as many as four gauge-invariant operators is
also outlined. At the end, we perform a likelihood analysis using
phenomenological parametrization of anomalous $HWW$ interaction, and indicate
their distinguishability for illustrative values of the strength of such
interactions.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, matches with published versio
Finite-gap equations for strings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 with mixed 3-form
  flux

We study superstrings on AdS_3 x S^3 x T^4 supported by a combination of
Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz three form fluxes, and construct
a set of finite-gap equations that describe the classical string spectrum.
Using the recently proposed all-loop S-matrix we write down the all-loop Bethe
ansatz equations for the massive sector. In the thermodynamic limit the Bethe
ansatz reproduces the finite-gap equations. As part of this derivation we
propose expressions for the leading order dressing phases. These phases differ
from the well-known Arutyunov-Frolov-Staudacher phase that appears in the pure
Ramond-Ramond case. We also consider the one-loop quantization of the algebraic
curve and determine the one-loop corrections to the dressing phases. Finally we
consider some classical string solutions including finite size giant magnons
and circular strings.Comment: 44 pages, 3 figures. v2: references and a discussion about
  perturbative results adde
Measurement of the Photon Structure Function at High $Q^{2}$ at LEP

The structure functions of real and virtual photons are derivedfrom cross section measurements of the reaction$\rm e^+e^-\rightarrow e^+e^- + \hbox{hadrons}$ at LEP.The reaction is studied at $\sqrt{\rm {s}} \simeq 91$ GeV with the L3detector. One of the final state electrons is detected at a large angle relative to the beam direction, leading to $Q^2$ values between40 GeV$^2$ and 500 GeV$^2$.The other final state electron is either undetected or it is detected ata four-momentum transfer squared $P^2$ between 1 GeV$^2$ and 8 GeV$^2$.These measurements are compared with predictions of the Quark PartonModel and other QCD based models.The structure functions of real and virtual photons are derived from cross section measurements of the reaction e^+e^ -> e^+e^- + hadrons at LEP. The reaction is studied at \sqrt{s} ~ 91 GeV with the L3 detector. One of the final state electrons is detected at a large angle relative to the beam direction, leading to Q^2 values between 40 GeV^2 and 500 GeV^2. The other final state electron is either undetected or it is detected at a four-momentum transfer squared P^2 between 1 GeV^2 and 8 GeV^2. These measurements are compared with predictions of the Quark Parton Model and other QCD based models.The structure functions of real and virtual photons are derived from cross section measurements of the reaction e + e − →e + e − + hadrons at LEP. The reaction is studied at s ≃91 GeV with the L3 detector. One of the final state electrons is detected at a large angle relative to the beam direction, leading to Q 2 values between 40 GeV 2 and 500 GeV 2 . The other final state electron is either undetected or it is detected at a four-momentum transfer squared P 2 between 1 GeV 2 and 8 GeV 2 . These measurements are compared with predictions of the Quark Parton Model and other QCD based models
Continuum limit of the Volterra model, separation of variables and non
  standard realizations of the Virasoro Poisson bracket

The classical Volterra model, equipped with the Faddeev-Takhtadjan Poisson
bracket provides a lattice version of the Virasoro algebra. The Volterra model
being integrable, we can express the dynamical variables in terms of the so
called separated variables. Taking the continuum limit of these formulae, we
obtain the Virasoro generators written as determinants of infinite matrices,
the elements of which are constructed with a set of points lying on an infinite
genus Riemann surface. The coordinates of these points are separated variables
for an infinite set of Poisson commuting quantities including $L\_0$. The
scaling limit of the eigenvector can also be calculated explicitly, so that the
associated Schroedinger equation is in fact exactly solvable.Comment: Latex, 43 pages Synchronized with the to be published versio