pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Exact Witten Index in D=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics

A new, recursive method of calculating matrix elements of polynomial
hamiltonians is proposed. It is particularly suitable for the recent algebraic
studies of the supersymmetric Yang-Mills quantum mechanics in any dimensions.
For the D=2 system with the SU(2) gauge group, considered here, the technique
gives exact, closed expressions for arbitrary matrix elements of the
hamiltonian and of the supersymmetric charge, in the occupation number
representation. Subsequent numerical diagonalization provides the spectrum and
restricted Witten index of the system with very high precision (taking into
account up to $10^5$ quanta).
  Independently, the exact value of the restricted Witten index is derived
analytically for the first time
Nearby resonances beyond the Breit-Wigner approximation

We consider a description of propagators for particle resonances which takes
into account the quantum mechanical interference due to the width of two or
more nearby states that have common decay channels, by incorporating the
effects arising from the imaginary parts of the one-loop self-energies.
Depending on the couplings to the common decay channels, the interference
effect, not taken into account in the usual Breit-Wigner approximation, can
significantly modify the cross section or make the more long-lived resonance
narrower. We give few examples of New Physics models for which the effect is
sizable, namely a generic two and multiple Higgs model and neutral vector
resonances in Higgsless models. Based on these results we suggest the
implementation of a proper treatment of nearby resonances into Monte Carlo
generators
Nucleon Emission off Nuclei Induced by Neutrino Interactions

5 páginas, 5 figutas.-- El PDF es la versión pre-print (arXiv:0910.3041v1).-- Trabajo presentado al NuFac09: 11th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories, Superbeams and Beta Beams.We review the main nuclear effects that affect neutrino-nucleus cross sections. We discuss how the different models in the literature try to describe these different effects, and thus try to compare between them. We focus on the quasi-elastic reaction in the neutrino energy region of around 1 GeV, where recent data from MiniBooNE are available. Among the issues discussed are the different treatment of medium corrections to initial and final state nucleon wave functions and the problem of the rescattering of ejected nucleons.This research was supported by spanish DGI and\ud
european FEDER funds, under contracts FIS2005-\ud
01143/FIS, FIS2006-3048, FPA2007-65748, CDS2007-\ud
00042, by Junta de Castilla y León (Spain) under\ud
contracts SA016A07 and GR12 and by the EU Hadron-\ud
Physics2 project. M. Valverde wishes to acknowledge a\ud
fellowship from the Japanese Society for the Promotion\ud
of Science.Peer reviewe
Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying via H± → τ ±ν in fully hadronic final states using pp collision data at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for charged Higgs bosons decaying to a T lepton and a neutrino. H-+/- -&gt; T-+/-nu, are presented. The analysis is based on 19.5 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Charged Higgs bosons are searched for in events consistent with top-quark pair production or in associated production with a top quark, depending on the considered H-+/- mass. The final state is characterised by the presence of a hadronic T decay, missing transverse momentum, b-tagged jets, a hadronically decaying W boson, and the absence of any isolated electrons or unions with high transverse momenta. The data are consistent with the expected background from Standard Model processes. A statistical analysis leads to 95% confidence-level upper limits on the product of branching ratios B(t -&gt; bH(+/-)) x B(H-+/- -&gt; T-+/-nu), between 0.23% and 1.3% for charged Higgs boson masses in the range 80 160 GeV. lit also leads to 95% confidence-level upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio, sigma(pp -&gt; tH(+/-) + X) x B(H-+/--&gt; T(+/-)v), between 0.76 pb and 4.5 fb, for charged Higgs boson masses ranging from 180 GeV to 1000 GeV. In the context of different scenarios of the Minimal Supersymnietric Standard Model, these results exclude nearly all values of tan beta above one for charged Higgs boson masses between 80 GeV and 160 GeV, and exclude a region of parameter space with high tan beta for H-+/- masses between 200 GeV and 250 GeV.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2015)088</p><p>Dubblett i Web of Science med ISI-id: 000351541600001</p
Testing the IONORT-ISP system: A comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms

The three-dimensional (3-D) electron density representation of the ionosphere computed by the assimilative IRI-SIRMUP-P (ISP) model was tested using IONORT (IONOspheric Ray-Tracing), a software application for calculating a 3-D ray-tracing for high frequency (HF) waves in the ionospheric medium. A radio link was established between Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) in Italy, and Chania (35.7°N, 24.0°E) in Greece, within the ISP validity area, and for which oblique soundings are conducted. The ionospheric reference stations, from which the autoscaled foF2 and M(3000)F2 data and real-time vertical electron density profiles were assimilated by the ISP model, were Rome (41.8°N, 12.5°E) and Gibilmanna (37.9°N, 14.0°E) in Italy, and Athens (38.0°N, 23.5°E) in Greece. IONORT was used, in conjunction with the ISP and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 3-D electron density grids, to synthesize oblique ionograms. The comparison between synthesized and measured oblique ionograms, both in terms of the ionogram shape and the maximum usable frequency characterizing the radio path, demonstrates both that the ISP model can more accurately represent real conditions in the ionosphere than the IRI, and that the ray-tracing results computed by IONORT are reasonably reliable
Curcumin inhibits cancer stem cell phenotypes in ex vivo models of colorectal liver metsastases, and is clinically safe and tolerable in combination with FOLFOX chemotherapy

In vitro and pre-clinical studies have suggested that addition of the diet-derived agent\ud
curcumin, may provide a suitable adjunct to enhance efficacy of chemotherapy in models of\ud
colorectal cancer. However, the majority of evidence for this currently derives from\ud
established cell lines.\ud
Here, we utilised patient-derived colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) to assess whether\ud
curcumin may provide added benefit over 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX)\ud
in cancer stem cell (CSC) models. Combination of curcumin with FOLFOX chemotherapy\ud
was then assessed clinically in a phase I dose escalation study. Curcumin alone and in\ud
combination, significantly reduced spheroid number in CRLM CSC models, and decreased\ud
the number of cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhigh/CD133-\ud
). Addition\ud
of curcumin to oxaliplatin/5-FU enhanced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in a\ud
proportion of patient-derived explants, whilst reducing expression of stem cell-associated\ud
markers ALDH and CD133. The phase I dose escalation study revealed curcumin to be a safe\ud
and tolerable adjunct to FOLFOX chemotherapy in patients with CRLM (n=12) at doses up\ud
to 2 grams daily.\ud
Curcumin may provide added benefit in subsets of patients when administered with\ud
FOLFOX, and is a well-tolerated chemotherapy adjunct.Peer-reviewedPublished versio
Who's Reporting the Protests? Converging practices of citizen journalists and two BBC World Service newsrooms, from Iran's election protests to the Arab uprisings

The file attached to this record is the authors version. The final publisher's version can be found by following the DOI link.The 2009 protests in Iran and the 2011 Arab uprisings took place in complex and fast evolving media ecologies. The BBC's Persian and Arabic language services, which reach millions, drew heavily on content created by ordinary citizens to cover events. This paper traces the flow of this content through the news process to examine how collaboration between newsrooms and citizen journalists changed from 2009 to 2011. The article argues that participation in the news process hinges on the congruence between newsroom practices, and the practices of those producing content on the streets. Such congruence requires mutual knowledge of broadcasting requirements. It finds that by 2011 journalists felt more comfortable and effective integrating user-generated content (UGC) into their news output. Importantly, UGC creators appear to have taken on board the broadcaster's editorial requirements, making them savvier content creators
Non-parametric reconstruction of an inflaton potential from
  Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble gravity with particle production

The coupling between spin and torsion in the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble
theory of gravity generates gravitational repulsion at very high densities,
which prevents a singularity in a black hole and may create there a new
universe. We show that quantum particle production in such a universe near the
last bounce, which represents the Big Bang gives the dynamics that solves the
horizon, flatness, and homogeneity problems in cosmology. For a particular
range of the particle production coefficient, we obtain a nearly constant
Hubble parameter that gives an exponential expansion of the universe with more
than 60 $e$-folds, which lasts about $\sim 10^{-42}$ s. This scenario can thus
explain cosmic inflation without requiring a fundamental scalar field and
reheating. From the obtained time dependence of the scale factor, we follow the
prescription of Ellis and Madsen to reconstruct in a non-parametric way a
scalar field potential which gives the same dynamics of the early universe.
This potential gives the slow-roll parameters of cosmic inflation, from which
we calculate the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the scalar spectral index of density
perturbations, and its running as functions of the production coefficient. We
find that these quantities do not significantly depend on the scale factor at
the Big Bounce. Our predictions for these quantities are consistent with the
Planck 2015 observations.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
Classical integrable defects as quasi B\"acklund transformations

We consider the algebraic setting of classical defects in discrete and
continuous integrable theories. We derive the "equations of motion" on the
defect point via the space-like and time-like description. We then exploit the
structural similarity of these equations with the discrete and continuous
Backlund transformations. And although these equations are similar they are not
exactly the same to the Backlund transformations. We also consider specific
examples of integrable models to demonstrate our construction, i.e. the Toda
chain and the sine-Gordon model. The equations of the time (space) evolution of
the defect (discontinuity) degrees of freedom for these models are explicitly
derived.Comment: 23 pages, Latex. Clarifying comments & references added; few typos
  corrected. Version to appear in NP
Real-Time Near-Field Terahertz Imaging with Atomic Optical Fluorescence

Terahertz (THz) near-field imaging is a flourishing discipline [1], with
applications from fundamental studies of beam propagation [2,3] to the
characterisation of metameterials [4,5] and waveguides [6,7]. Beating the
diffraction limit typically involves rastering structures or detectors with
length scale shorter than the radiation wavelength; in the THz domain this has
been achieved using a number of techniques including scattering tips [8,9] and
apertures [10]. Alternatively, mapping THz fields onto an optical wavelength
and imaging the visible light removes the requirement for scanning a local
probe, speeding up image collection times [11,12]. Here we report THz to
optical conversion using a gas of highly excited `Rydberg' atoms. By collecting
THz-induced optical fluorescence we demonstrate a real-time image of a THz
standing wave and we use well-known atomic properties to calibrate the THz
field strength. The mono-atomic gas does not distort the THz field and offers
the potential to immerse structures within the THz-to-optical conversion
medium
Exposing sequence learning in a double-step task

Contains fulltext :
                  157485.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Is it possible to learn to perform a motor sequence without awareness of the sequence? In two experiments, we presented participants with the most elementary sequence: an alternation between two options. We used a double-step pointing task in which the final position of the target alternated between two quite similar values. The task forced participants to start moving before the final target was visible, allowing us to determine participants’ expectations about the final target position without explicitly asking them. We tracked participants’ expectations (and thus motor sequence learning) by measuring the direction of the initial part of the movement, before any response to the final step. We found that participants learnt to anticipate the average size of the final step, but that they did not learn the sequence. In a second experiment, we extended the duration of the learning period and increased the difference in size between the target position changes. Some participants started anticipating the step size in accordance with the sequence at some time during the experiment. These participants reported having noticed the simple sequence. The participants who had not noticed the sequence did not move in anticipation of the sequence. This suggests that participants who did not learn this very simple sequence explicitly also did not learn it implicitly.12 p
Search for Dirac Magnetic Monopoles in $e^{+}e^{-}$ Collisions with the OPAL Detector at LEP2

This letter describes a direct search for pair produced magnetic monopoles in e+e- collisions. The analysis is based on 62.7 pb^-1 of data collected with the OPAL detector at an average centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)= 206.3GeV. The monopole signal was assumed to be characterized by two back-to-back particles with an anomalously high ionization energy loss de/dx in the tracking chambers. No evidence for production of monopoles was observed. Upper limits were obtained on the magnetic monopole pair-production cross-section (sigma) in the mass range 45 GeV/c^2<m_M<102 GeV/c^2. The average limit is sigma < 0.05 pb and is essentially independent of the magnetic monopole mass. The cross-section limit is derived at the 95% confidence level and is valid for spin-1/2 magnetic monopoles
Search for direct third-generation squark pair production in final states with missing transverse momentum and two b-jets in root s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for pair production of supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model third-generation quarks are reported. This search uses 20.1 fb(-1) of pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The lightest bottom and top squarks ((b) over tilde (1) and (t) over tilde (1) respectively) are searched for in a final state with large missing transverse momentum and two jets identified as originating from b-quarks. No excess of events above the expected level of Standard Model background is found. The results are used to set upper limits on the visible cross section for processes beyond the Standard Model. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on the masses of the third-generation squarks are derived in phenomenological supersymmetric R-parity-conserving models in which either the bottom or the top squark is the lightest squark. The (b) over tilde (1) is assumed to decay via (b) over tilde (1) -> b (chi) over tilde (0)(1) and the (t) over tilde (1) via (t) over tilde (1) b (chi) over tilde (+/-)(1), with undetectable products of the subsequent decay of the (chi) over tilde (+/-)(1) due to the small mass splitting between the (chi) over tilde (+/-)(1) and the (chi) over tilde (0)(1
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

We report a search for first generation scalar leptoquarks using 1.03 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at root s = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. Leptoquarks are sought via their decay into an electron or neutrino and a quark, producing events with two oppositely charged electrons and at least two jets, or events with an electron, missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. Control data samples are used to validate background predictions from Monte Carlo simulation. In the signal region, the observed event yields are consistent with the background expectations. We exclude at 95% confidence level the production of first generation scalar leptoquark with masses m(LQ) < 660 (607) GeV when assuming the branching fraction of a leptoquark to a charged lepton is equal to 1.0 (0.5)
Esmolol is noninferior to metoprolol in achieving a target heart rate of 65 beats/min in patients referred to coronary CT angiography: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Coronary CT angiography (CTA) is an established tool to rule out coronary artery disease. Performance of coronary CTA is highly dependent on patients' heart rates (HRs). Despite widespread use of beta-blockers for coronary CTA, few studies have compared various agents used to achieve adequate HR control. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess if the ultrashort-acting beta-blocker intravenous esmolol is at least as efficacious as the standard of care intravenous metoprolol for HR control during coronary CTA. METHODS: Patients referred to coronary CTA with a HR >65 beats/min despite oral metoprolol premedication were enrolled in the study. We studied 412 patients (211 male; mean age, 57 +/- 12 years). Two hundred four patients received intravenous esmolol, and 208 received intravenous metoprolol with a stepwise bolus administration protocol. HR and blood pressure were recorded at arrival, before, during, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the coronary CTA scan. RESULTS: Mean HRs  of the esmolol and metoprolol groups were similar at arrival (78 +/- 13 beats/min vs 77 +/- 12 beats/min; P = .65) and before scan (68 +/- 7 beats/min vs 69 +/- 7  beats/min; P = .60). However, HR during scan was lower in the esmolol group vs the metoprolol group (58 +/- 6 beats/min vs 61 +/- 7 beats/min; P < .0001), whereas HRs immediately and 30 minutes after the scan were higher in the esmolol  group vs the metoprolol group (68 +/- 7 beats/min vs 66 +/- 7 beats/min; P = .01  and 65 +/- 8 beats/min vs 63 +/- 8 beats/min; P < .0001; respectively). HR </=65  beats/min was reached in 182 of 204 patients (89%) who received intravenous esmolol vs 162 of 208 of the patients (78%) who received intravenous metoprolol (P < .05). Of note, hypotension (systolic BP <100 mm Hg) was observed right after the scan in 19 patients (9.3%) in the esmolol group and in 8 patients (3.8%) in the metoprolol group (P < .05), whereas only 5 patients (2.5%) had hypotension 30 minutes after the scan in the esmolol group compared to 8 patients (3.8%) in the  metoprolol group (P = .418). CONCLUSION: Intravenous esmolol with a stepwise bolus administration protocol is at least as efficacious as the standard of care  intravenous metoprolol for HR control in patients who undergo coronary CTA
The cost of ownership in microfinance organizations

Accepted version of article published in the journal: World Development  Published version available on Science Direct: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016j.worlddev.2008.03.006We compare the ownership-cost of shareholders firms (SHFs), non-profit organizations (NPOs), and cooperatives (COOPs) invoked in microfinance. A paradoxical situation motivates us: most providers, both historically and today, are NPOs or COOPS,while policy papers advocate SHFs, We lay out it theoretical framework to understand ownership-costs in microfinance organizations (MFOs) better. We propose that cost-variable related to market contracting favor NPOs and COOPS, whereas most cost-variables related to the practice of ownership favor SH VS. We conclude that what best serves the customers is the coexistence of of ownership types and call for empirical research to test this theory. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Equivariant $K$-theory of GKM bundles

Given a fiber bundle of GKM spaces, $\pi\colon M\to B$, we analyze the
structure of the equivariant $K$-ring of $M$ as a module over the equivariant
$K$-ring of $B$ by translating the fiber bundle, $\pi$, into a fiber bundle of
GKM graphs and constructing, by combinatorial techniques, a basis of this
module consisting of $K$-classes which are invariant under the natural holonomy
action on the $K$-ring of $M$ of the fundamental group of the GKM graph of $B$.
We also discuss the implications of this result for fiber bundles $\pi\colon
M\to B$ where $M$ and $B$ are generalized partial flag varieties and show how
our GKM description of the equivariant $K$-ring of a homogeneous GKM space is
related to the Kostant-Kumar description of this ring.Comment: 15 page
Hot pressing of nanocrystalline TiO2 (anatase) ceramics with controlled microstructure

International audienceThe preparation conditions of nanocrystalline phase-pure TiO2 anatase ceramics by hot pressing are described. Density, surface area, pore size distribution and grain size are determined by various techniques, including gas adsorption, mercury porosimetry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The evolution of the structural parameters is followed as function of temperature and pressure programme. It is shown that the porosity, grain and pore size of the ceramics can be controlled by a suitable choice of experimental conditions. Ceramics with densities higher than 90% of the theoretical limit with a mean grain size of 30 nm can be obtained at temperatures as low as 490 ◦C under 0.45 GPa for 2 h. The experimental results are discussed in view of the sintering theory
Mitochondrial serine protease HTRA2 p.G3999S in a kindred with essential tremor and Parkinson disease

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Essential tremor is one of the most frequent movement disorders of humans and can be associated with substantial disability. Some but not all persons with essential tremor develop signs of Parkinson disease, and the relationship between the conditions has not been clear. In a six-generation consanguineous Turkish kindred with both essential tremor and Parkinson disease, we carried out whole exome sequencing and pedigree analysis, identifying HTRA2 p.G399S as the allele likely responsible for both conditions. Essential tremor was present in persons either heterozygous or homozygous for this allele. Homozygosity was associated with earlier age at onset of tremor (P < 0.0001), more severe postural tremor (P < 0.0001), and more severe kinetic tremor (P = 0.0019). Homozygotes, but not heterozygotes, developed Parkinson signs in the middle age. Among population controls from the same Anatolian region as the family, frequency of HTRA2 p.G399S was 0.0027, slightly lower than other populations. HTRA2 encodes a mitochondrial serine protease. Loss of function of HtrA2 was previously shown to lead to parkinsonian features in motor neuron degeneration (mnd2) mice. HTRA2 p.G399S was previously shown to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, altered mitochondrial morphology, and decreased protease activity, but epidemiologic studies of an association between HTRA2 and Parkinson disease yielded conflicting results. Our results suggest that in some families, HTRA2 p.G399S is responsible for hereditary essential tremor and that homozygotes for this allele develop Parkinson disease. This hypothesis has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of essential tremor and its relationship to Parkinson disease