pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Comparison of complexed species of Eu in alumina-bound and free polyacrylic acid: A spectroscopic study

The speciation of Eu complexed with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and alumina-bound PAA (PAAads) was studied at pH 5 in 0.1 M NaClO4. Structural parameters were obtained from 7F0 → 5D0 excitation spectra measured by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy as well as from Eu LIII-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. The coordination mode was also investigated by infrared spectroscopy. To elucidate the nature of the complexed species, Eu–acetate complexes were used as references. The spectroscopic techniques show that two carboxylate groups with 2–3 (EuPAA) and 4–5 (EuPAAads) water molecules are coordinated to Eu in the first coordination sphere. For EuPAAads, the coordination between carboxylate groups and Eu appears to be bidendate. A similar coordination is probable for EuPAA but the EXAFS data indicate a slightly distorted coordination. The results show that the degree of freedom of carboxylate groups is not the same for free or adsorbed PAA. For PAA, the degree of freedom is constrained by the flexibility of the methylene chain. When PAA is adsorbed on alumina, the polymer chains cannot any more be treated as independent chains. One may rather assume formation of aggregates that form an organic layer at the mineral surface presenting a complex arrangement of carboxylate groups
Primal-dual splitting algorithm for solving inclusions with mixtures of composite, Lipschitzian, and parallel-sum type monotone operators

International audienceWe propose a primal-dual splitting algorithm for solving monotone inclusions involving a mixture of sums, linear compositions, and parallel sums of set-valued and Lipschitzian operators. An important feature of the algorithm is that the Lipschitzian operators present in the formulation can be processed individually via explicit steps, while the set-valued operators are processed individually via their resolvents. In addition, the algorithm is highly parallel in that most of its steps can be executed simultaneously. This work brings together and notably extends various types of structured monotone inclusion problems and their solution methods. The application to convex minimization problems is given special attention
Multi-messenger programs in ANTARES: Status and prospects

With an instrumented volume of about 0.015 km3, ANTARES is currently the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere. One of its main goals is the detection of high-energy neutrinos from (extra-)galactic astrophysical sources. Such observations would provide important clues about the processes at work in those sources, and possibly help solve the puzzle of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In this context, ANTARES is developing several on- and off-line programs to improve its capabilities of revealing possible correlations (in space and time) of neutrinos with other cosmic messengers: photons (in different ranges of wavelengths), cosmic rays and gravitational waves
Optimal observation of the one-dimensional wave equation

International audienceIn this paper, we consider the homogeneous one-dimensional wave equation on $[0,\pi]$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions, and observe its solutions on a subset $\omega$ of $[0,\pi]$. Let $L\in(0,1)$. We investigate the problem of maximizing the observability constant, or its asymptotic average in time, over all possible subsets $\omega$ of $[0,\pi]$ of Lebesgue measure $L\pi$. We solve this problem by means of Fourier series considerations, give the precise optimal value and prove that there does not exist any optimal set except for $L = 1/2$. When $L \neq 1/2$ we prove the existence of solutions of a convexified minimization problem, proving a no gap result. We then provide and solve a modal approximation of this problem, show the oscillatory character of the optimal sets, the so called spillover phenomenon, which explains the lack of existence of classical solutions for the original problem
A glucose biosensor based on modified-enzyme incorporated within electropolymerised poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) films

International audienceWe have constructed and characterised a glucose sensor using glucose oxidase (GOD) covalently attached to carboxylic acid polyethyleneglycol (PEG), called (PEG–GOD). This modified enzyme was entrapped afterwards within poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) films electrogenerated on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. The composite (PEG–GOD/PEDT) film is more porous than the film without enzyme (PEDT+PEG). Data from electrochemical quartz microbalance (ECQM) and pH-stat experiments indicate a good relative activity of the modified enzyme, ca. 12–15%. Amperometric measurements, using ferrocenemethanol as the redox mediator, confirms that the modified enzyme is catalytically active. The effect of film thickness was also investigated. The sensitivities were quite similar for modified-GOD electrodes (ca. 3 mA cm−2 M−1) and unmodified-GOD electrodes (ca. 2.7 mA cm−2 M−1) but a better stability was obtained with modified PEG–GOD electrodes
Guaranteed and robust a posteriori error estimates and balancing discretization and linearization errors for monotone nonlinear problems

International audienceWe derive a posteriori error estimates for a class of second-order monotone quasi-linear diffusion-type problems approximated by piecewise affine, continuous finite elements. Our estimates yield a guaranteed and fully computable upper bound on the error measured by the dual norm of the residual, as well as a global error lower bound, up to a generic constant independent of the nonlinear operator. They are thus fully robust with respect to the nonlinearity, thanks to the choice of the error measure. They are also locally efficient, albeit in a different norm, and hence suitable for adaptive mesh refinement. Moreover, they allow to distinguish, estimate separately, and compare the discretization and linearization errors. Hence, the iterative (Newton--Raphson, quasi-Newton) linearization can be stopped whenever the linearization error drops to the level at which it does not affect significantly the overall error. This can lead to important computational savings, as performing an excessive number of unnecessary linearization iterations can be avoided. Numerical experiments for the $p$-Laplacian illustrate the theoretical developments
Large NS convergence at the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau ? New Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Hexi Corridor, NW China.

Nine Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic sites have been collected in the Yumen area of the Hexi Corridor (NW China). Magnetic directions isolated at lower temperatures fail the fold test, and lie close to the geocentric axial dipole field direction before tilt correction. High temperature components are carried by magnetite and/or hematite, all with normal polarity, and pass the fold test. The average paleomagnetic pole from the nine sites is at λ=75.5°N, small phi, Greek=169.9°E (A95=7.7°). These results are consistent with those from other areas of the North China block (NCB), but significantly different from those from the Qaidam Basin on the southern side of the Qilian Mountains. They suggest that: (1) the Yumen region behaved as a rigid part of the NCB since at least the Early Cretaceous; (2) 740±500 km of north-south directed convergence has taken place between the NCB and Qaidam, within the Qilian Mountains and (3) extrusion of Qaidam was accompanied by a 23±5° relative rotation with respect to North China. This is larger than implied by the maximum left lateral slip on the Altyn Tagh fault system. The same data imply some 1000±800 km of Cenozoic motion between the Tarim and NCB blocks, which were so far believed to have formed a rigid entity since at least the Jurassic. One interpretation could be that all Tarim and Qaidam Cretaceous paleomagnetic samples from red beds, but not those from Yumen and the NCB, suffered significant inclination shallowing, as observed in Cenozoic red beds from Central Asia. So far, we do not find support for this possibility. Possible tectonic interpretations include: (1) the existence of a large, as yet uncharted, tectonic discontinuity between Tarim and the NCB in the vicinity of the desert corridor near 95-100°E longitude; (2) the occurrence of significant deformation within southwestern Tarim, to the north of Yingjisha where paleomagnetic sites were obtained, or (3) persistent clockwise rotation of Tarim with respect to the NCB, for at least 20 Ma, at the rate found for current block kinematics
A new look at the cosmic ray positron fraction

International audienceThe positron fraction in cosmic rays was found to be a steadily increasing infunction of energy, above $\sim$ 10 GeV. This behaviour contradicts standardastrophysical mechanisms, in which positrons are secondary particles, producedin the interactions of primary cosmic rays during the propagation in theinterstellar medium. The observed anomaly in the positron fraction triggered alot of excitement, as it could be interpreted as an indirect signature of thepresence of dark matter species in the Galaxy. Alternatively, it could beproduced by nearby astrophysical sources, such as pulsars. Both hypotheses areprobed in this work in light of the latest AMS-02 positron fractionmeasurements. The transport of the primary and secondary positrons in theGalaxy is described using a semi-analytic two-zone model. MicrOMEGAs is used tomodel the positron flux generated by dark matter species. The description ofthe positron fraction from astrophysical sources is based on the pulsarobservations included in the ATNF catalogue. We find that the mass of thefavoured dark matter candidates is always larger than 500 GeV. The only darkmatter species that fulfils the numerous gamma ray and cosmic microwavebackground bounds is a particle annihilating into four leptons through a lightscalar or vector mediator, with a mixture of tau (75%) and electron (25%)channels, and a mass between 0.5 and 1 TeV. The positron anomaly can also beexplained by a single astrophysical source and a list of five pulsars from theATNF catalogue is given. Those results are obtained with the cosmic raytransport parameters that best fit the B/C ratio. Uncertainties in thepropagation parameters turn out to be very significant. In the WIMPannihilation cross section to mass plane for instance, they overshadow theerror contours derived from the positron data
Process Oriented Dependency Modelling for Service Identification

Part 3: Finance and Service ScienceInternational audienceService-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is important for organisations to achieve dynamic business process and build business agility. One of the first step for service oriented applications implementation is to properly identify a set of fine-grained services. A right service granularity is necessary to satisfy lower coupling and higher cohesion principles for reusable software services. To meet this challenge, a lot of efforts have been attached to support service identification. In this paper, by considering the dependency combined with the idea of graph partition, a service identification method is proposed from the business process’s perspective. The illustration example has shown its promising and it is expected that the proposed service identification method can offer researchers further insight into service granularity analysis
Validating the Automated Assessment of Participation and of Collaboration in Chat Conversations

International audienceAs Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) gains a broader usage as a viable alternative to classic educational scenarios, the need for automated tools capable of supporting tutors in the time consuming process of analyzing conversations becomes more stringent. Moreover, in order to fully explore the benefits of such scenarios, a clear demarcation must be made between participation or active involvement, and collaboration that presumes the intertwining of ideas or points of view with other participants. Therefore, starting from a cohesion-based model of the discourse, we propose two computational models for assessing collaboration and participation. The first model is based on the cohesion graph and can be perceived as a longitudinal analysis of the ongoing conversation, thus accounting for participation from a social knowledge-building perspective. In the second approach, collaboration is regarded from a dialogical perspective as the intertwining or overlap of voices pertaining to different speakers, therefore enabling a transversal analysis of subsequent discussion slices
Dynamic models of residential segregation: An analytical solution

International audienceWe propose an analytical solution to a Schelling segregation model for a relatively broad range of utility functions. Using evolutionary game theory, we provide existence conditions for a potential function, which characterizes the global configuration of the city and is maximized in the stationary state. We use this potential function to analyze the outcome of the model for three utility functions corresponding to different degrees of preference for mixed neighborhoods: (i) we show that linear utility functions is the only case where the potential function is proportional to collective utility, the latter being therefore maximized in stationary configurations; (ii) Schelling's original utility function is shown to drive segregation at the expense of collective utility; (iii) if agents have a strict preference for mixed neighborhoods but also prefer to be in the majority versus the minority, the model converges to perfectly segregated configurations, which clearly diverge from the social optimum. Departing from the existing literature, these conclusions are based on analytical results which open the way to analysis of many preference structures. Since our model is based on bounded rather than continuous neighborhoods as in Schelling's original model, we discuss the differences generated by the bounded- and continuous-neighborhood definitions and show that, in the case of the continuous neighborhood, a potential function exists if and only if the utility functions are linear. A side result is that our analysis builds a bridge between Schelling's model and the Duncan and Duncan segregation index
Nanosciences and nanotechnologies learning and teaching in secondary education: A review of literature

The original publication is available at http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a926718465~db=all~ jumptype=rssInternational audienceThis literature review provides an overview of recent studies on the introduction of nanosciences and nanotechnologies in secondary education. Four salient research topics have emerged: questions and reflections preceding curriculum development on nanosciences and nanotechnologies lessons; research on students' conceptualisations of nano-related concepts; the use of haptic tools to teach nanosciences and nanotechnologies; and professional development for secondary schools teachers. In a final critical discussion, the lack of studies in the literature considering nanosciences and nanotechnologies as a socioscientific issue in secondary education is emphasised. In addition, implications for future research as well as suggestions for nanosciences and nanotechnologies curriculum development are considered
Editor's Introduction: Scientific and Technical Human Capital

International audienceHuman capital and social networks are the two pillars supporting scientists' and engineers' ability to contribute knowledge. Throughout their careers, scientists seek to enhance both. Human capital endowments include not only formal education and its representation in credentials but the actual scientific and technical knowledge, craft knowledge and technical skills. In science and technology the deploying of human capital in the production of scientific and technical knowledge is intensely and inevitably social. Science cannot be understood in purely cognitive terms. Social mechanisms undergird not only the production of knowledge but its distribution and use. Scientific and technical journals and conferences are social institutions, as well as intellectual property protections, grants and awards, job placement and career transitions which are governed by social institutions. Social networks are the means by which scientists and engineers traverse social institutions. Indeed, scientists and engineers are as dependent upon social networks as they are upon such tangible scientific tools as electron microscopes, supercomputers and synchrotrons. Research policy and management scholars have long recognized the importance of scientists' and engineers' human capital endowments and their social networks. It is surprising, though, how rarely the two are viewed as part and parcel of a single bundl
How Discrete Patterns Emerge from Algorithmic Fine-Tuning: A Visual Plea for Kroneckerian Finitism

International audienceThis paper sets out to adduce visual evidence for Kroneckerian finitism by making perspicuous some of the insights that buttress Kronecker's conception of arithmetization as a process aiming at disclosing the arithmetical essence enshrined in analytical formulas, by spotting discrete patterns through algorithmic fine-tuning. In the light of a fairly tractable case study, it is argued that Kronecker's main tenet in philosophy of mathematics is not so much an ontological as a methodological one, inasmuch as highly demanding requirements regarding mathematical understanding prevail over mere preemptive reductionism to whole numbers
Hydrologically driven seasonal changes in the sources and production mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon in a small lowland catchment

International audienceTo obtain better constraints on the control of seasonal hydrological variations on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in headwater catchments, we combined hydrometric monitoring with high-frequency analyses of DOC concentration and DOC chemical composition (specific UV adsorption, 13C) in soil and stream waters during one complete hydrological cycle in a small lowland catchment of western France. We observed a succession of four hydrological periods, each corresponding to specific DOC signatures. In particular, the rise of the upland water table at the end of the rewetting period yielded to a strong increase of the specific UV absorbance (from 2.5 to 4.0 L mg C 1 m 1) and of the 13C values (from 29 to 27%) of the soil DOC. Another striking feature was the release of large amounts of DOC during reduction of soil Fe-oxyhydroxides at the end of the highflow period. Comparison of hydrometric data with DOC composition metrics showed that soils from the upland domains were rapidly DOC depleted after the rise of the water table in these domains, whereas wetland soils acted as quasi-infinite DOC sources. Results from this study showed that the composition and ultimate source of the DOC exported to the stream will depend on the period within the annual hydrological cycle. However, we found that the aromatic DOC component identified during the high-flow period will likely represent the dominant DOC component in stream waters on an annual basis, because most of the annual stream DOC flux is exported during such periods
Hydrogenation of solid hydrogen cyanide HCN and methanimine CH2NH at low temperature

International audienceContext. Hydrogenation reactions dominate grain surface chemistry in dense molecular clouds and lead to the formation of complex saturated molecules in the interstellar medium. Aims. We investigate in the laboratory the hydrogenation reaction network of hydrogen cyanide HCN. Methods. Pure hydrogen cyanide HCN and methanimine CH2NH ices are bombarded at room temperature by H-atoms in an ultra-high vacuum experiment. Warm H-atoms are generated in an H2 plasma source. The ices are monitored with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in reflection absorption mode. The hydrogenation products are detected in the gas phase by mass spectroscopy during temperature-programmed desorption experiments. Results. HCN hydrogenation leads to the formation of methylamine CH3NH2, and CH2NH hydrogenation leads to the formation of methylamine CH3NH2, suggesting that CH2NH can be a hydrogenation-intermediate species between HCN and CH3NH2. Conclusions. In cold environments the HCN hydrogenation reaction can produce CH3NH2, which is known to be a glycine precursor, and to destroy solid-state HCN, preventing its observation in molecular clouds ices
Game theory analysis for carbon auction market through electricity market coupling

International audienceIn this paper, we analyze Nash equilibria between electricity producers selling their production on an electricity market and buying CO2 emission allowances on an auction carbon market. The producers' strategies integrate the coupling of the two markets via the cost functions of the electricity production. We set out a clear Nash equilibrium on the power market that can be used to compute equilibrium prices on both markets as well as the related electricity produced and CO2 emissions released
Link between copula and tomography

This preprint may be slightly different from the one published by ElsevierInternational audienceAn important problem in statistics is to determine a joint probability distribution from its marginals and an important problem in Computed Tomography (CT) is to reconstruct an image from its projections. In the bivariate case, the marginal probability density functions f1(x) and f2(y) are related to their joint distribution f(x, y) via horizontal and vertical line integrals. Interestingly, this is also the case of a very limited angle X-ray CT problem where f(x, y) is an image representing the distribution of the material density and f1(x), f2(y) are the horizontal and vertical line integrals. The problem of determining f(x, y) from f1(x) and f2(y) is an ill-posed undetermined inverse problem. In statistics the notion of copula is exactly introduced to characterize all the possible solutions to the problem of reconstructing a bivariate density from its marginals. In this paper, we elaborate on the possible link between copula and CT and try to see whether we can use the methods used in one domain into the other