pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The discovery of WASP-151b, WASP-153b, WASP-156b: Insights on giant
  planet migration and the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert

To investigate the origin of the features discovered in the exoplanet
population, the knowledge of exoplanets' mass and radius with a good precision
is essential. In this paper, we report the discovery of three transiting
exoplanets by the SuperWASP survey and the SOPHIE spectrograph with mass and
radius determined with a precision better than 15 %. WASP-151b and WASP-153b
are two hot Saturns with masses, radii, densities and equilibrium temperatures
of 0.31^{+0.04}_{-0.03} MJ, 1.13^{+0.03}_{-0.03} RJ, 0.22^{-0.03}_{-0.02} rhoJ
and 1, 290^{+20}_{-10} K, and 0.39^{+0.02}_{-0.02} MJ, 1.55^{+0.10}_{-0.08} RJ,
0.11^{+0.02}_{-0.02} rhoJ and 1, 700^{+40}_{-40} K, respectively. Their host
stars are early G type stars (with magV ~ 13) and their orbital periods are
4.53 and 3.33 days, respectively. WASP-156b is a Super-Neptune orbiting a K
type star (magV = 11.6) . It has a mass of 0.128^{+0.010}_{-0.009} MJ, a radius
of 0.51^{+0.02}_{-0.02} RJ, a density of 1.0^{+0.1}_{-0.1} rhoJ, an equilibrium
temperature of 970^{+30}_{-20} K and an orbital period of 3.83 days. WASP-151b
is slightly inflated, while WASP-153b presents a significant radius anomaly.
WASP-156b, being one of the few well characterised Super-Neptunes, will help to
constrain the formation of Neptune size planets and the transition between gas
and ice giants. The estimates of the age of these three stars confirms the
tendency for some stars to have gyrochronological ages significantly lower than
their isochronal ages. We propose that high eccentricity migration could
partially explain this behaviour for stars hosting a short period planet.
Finally, these three planets also lie close to (WASP-151b and WASP-153b) or
below (WASP-156b) the upper boundary of the Neptunian desert. Their
characteristics support that the ultra-violet irradiation plays an important
role in this depletion of planets observed in the exoplanet population.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, accepted in A&
Reappraising the P-T evolution of the Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector, southwestern Norway

The Rogaland–Vest Agder Sector of southwestern Norway comprises high-grade metamorphic rocks intruded by voluminous plutonic bodies that include the ∼1000 km2 Rogaland Igneous Complex (RIC). New petrographic observations and thermodynamic phase equilibria modelling of three metapelitic samples collected at various distances (30 km, 10 km and ∼10 m) from one of the main bodies of RIC anorthosite were undertaken to assess two alternative P–T–t models for the metamorphic evolution of the area. The results are consistent with a revised two-phase evolution. Regional metamorphism followed a clockwise P–T path reaching peak conditions of ∼850–950 °C and ∼7–8 kbar at ∼1035 Ma followed by high-temperature decompression to ∼5 kbar at ∼950 Ma, and resulted in extensive anatexis and melt loss to produce highly residual rocks. Subsequent emplacement of the RIC at ∼930 Ma caused regional-scale contact metamorphism that affected country rocks 10 km or more from their contact with the anorthosite. This thermal overprint is expressed in the sample proximal to the anorthosite by replacement of sillimanite by coarse intergrowths of cordierite plus spinel and growth of a second generation of garnet, and in the intermediate (10 km) sample by replacement of sapphirine by coarse intergrowths of cordierite, spinel and biotite. The formation of late biotite in the intermediate sample may suggest the rocks retained small quantities of melt produced by regional metamorphism and remained at temperatures above the solidus for up to 100 Ma. Our results are more consistent with an accretionary rather than a collisional model for the Sveconorwegian Orogen.Eleanore Blereau, Tim E. Johnson, Chris Clark, Richard J.M. Taylor, Peter D. Kinny, Martin Han
Analysis of biomedical images based on automated methods of image registration

This paper gives a review of the methods that we have developedover the last few years to register 2D/3D images and image sequences. Initially,we will introduce a feature-based method, which will be followed up by asummary of the intensity-based methods. Then we will present some applicationsof our methods using biomedical images with more automated imageanalysis tasks. The main applications are related to plantar pressure images andSPECT brain images, including both static images and image sequences
Tolerance analysis approach based on the classification of uncertainty (aleatory / epistemic)

Uncertainty is ubiquitous in tolerance analysis problem. This paper deals with tolerance analysis formulation, more particularly, with the uncertainty which is necessary to take into account into the foundation of this formulation. It presents: a brief view of the uncertainty classification: Aleatory uncertainty comes from the inherent uncertain nature and phenomena, and epistemic uncertainty comes from the lack of knowledge, a formulation of the tolerance analysis problem based on this classification, its development: Aleatory uncertainty is modeled by probability distributions while epistemic uncertainty is modeled by intervals; Monte Carlo simulation is employed for probabilistic analysis while nonlinear optimization is used for interval analysis.“AHTOLA” project (ANR-11- MONU-013
Characterization of foreground emission on degree angular scales for CMB B-mode observations: Thermal dust and synchrotron signal from Planck and WMAP data

We quantify the contamination from polarized diffuse Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust emissions to the B modes of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies on the degree angular scale, using data from the Planck and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellites. We compute power spectra of foreground polarized emissions in 352 circular sky patches located at Galactic latitude | b | > 20°, each of which covers about 1.5% of the sky. We make use of the spectral properties derived from Planck and WMAP data to extrapolate, in frequency, the amplitude of synchrotron and thermal dust B-mode spectra in the multipole bin centered at ℓ ≃ 80. In this way we estimate the amplitude and frequency of the foreground minimum for each analyzed region. We detect both dust and synchrotron signal on degree angular scales and at a 3σ confidence level in 28 regions. Here the minimum of the foreground emission is found at frequencies between 60 and 100 GHz with an amplitude expressed in terms of the equivalent tensor-to-scalar ratio, rFG,min, between ∼0.06 and ∼1. Some of these regions are located at high Galactic latitudes in areas close to the ones that are being observed by suborbital experiments. In all the other sky patches where synchrotron or dust B modes are not detectable with the required confidence, we put upper limits on the minimum foreground contamination and find values of rFG,min between ∼0.05 and ∼1.5 in the frequency range 60-90 GHz. Our results indicate that, with the current sensitivity at low frequency, it is not possible to exclude the presence of synchrotron contamination to CMB cosmological B modes at the level requested to measure a gravitational waves signal with r ≃ 0.01 at frequency ≲ 100 GHz anywhere. Therefore, more accurate data are essential in order to better characterize the synchrotron polarized component and, eventually, to remove its contamination to CMB signal through foreground cleaning. © 2016 ESO
Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in\ud
streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s disease in rats

Therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors has\ud
brought in a host of problems because of its severe side effects including tremor.\ud
Though anticholinesterases cause an increase in the level of acetylcholine in the\ud
brain, other classes of neurotransmitters may also be affected. To understand the\ud
extent of involvement of biogenic amine neurotransmitters in the actions of\ud
anticholinestarase in AD, we investigated the effects of physostigmine and tacrine\ud
in an animal model of the disease. Rats were administered intracerebroventricularly\ud
with streptozotocin (STZ), and treated with physostigmine or tacrine. Discrete\ud
brain regions such as nucleus caudate putamen (NCP) and hippocampus were\ud
dissected and analyzed for the biogenic amines employing HPLC-electrochemistry.\ud
Cognitive functions were assessed using a Plus-maze apparatus. Cholinesterase\ud
activity increased significantly in striatum where as reduced in HP on 21st\ud
day following STZ administration. While the cholinesterase inhibitor caused\ud
severe inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the striatum, heightened serotonin\ud
levels were observed in the striatum and hippocampus. Initially after the STZ\ud
injection, DA and 5-HT levels are reduced significantly on day 14, in NCP and HP.\ud
DA level was increased significantly in both NCP and HP along with 5-HT in NCP\ud
alone, on 21day following icv injection of STZ. Norepinephrine was unaffected.\ud
Treatment with cholinesterase inhibitor in the STZ pretreated animals, compensates\ud
the STZ-induced changes in DA and 5-HT in NCP as well as HP. The\ud
behavioral and biochemical observations from the present study indicate the\ud
neurochemical basis of the side effects (eg. tremor, hallucination, etc.) observed\ud
following anticholinesterase therapy in AD
High accuracy 235U(n,f) data in the resonance energy region

The 235U neutron-induced cross section is widely used as reference cross section for measuring other fission cross sections, but in the resonance region it is not considered as an IAEA standard because of the scarce experimental data covering the full region. In this work, we deal with a new analysis of the experimental data obtained with a detection setup based on parallel plate ionization chambers (PPACs) at the CERN n_TOF facility in the range from 1 eV to 10 keV. The relative cross section has been normalised to the IAEA value in the region between 7.8 and 11 eV, which is claimed as well-known. Comparison with the ENDF/B-VII evaluation and the IAEA reference file from 100 eV to 10 keV are provided.Postprint (published version
Climate implications of the observed changes in ozone vertical distribution

Satellite and ozone-sonde observations indicated a decreasing trend in the ozone concentration in the lower stratosphere and an increasing trend in the troposphere, especially the upper troposphere. We have used a one-dimensional radiative - convective model (RCM) to examine the climate implications of these observed changes in vertical distribution of ozone. Instantaneous radiative forcing calculated by the one-dimensional radiative transfer model indicated a net warming of the surface-troposphere system due to stratospheric ozone losses. The increase in tropospheric ozone causes an additional positive forcing. However, the radiative forcing due to increases in trace gases during the same period is larger than the forcing due to ozone changes. There is marked decrease of the instantaneous solar and longwave heating rates in the lower stratosphere due to stratospheric ozone losses. Increases in tropospheric ozone causes additional decrease in longwave heating rate, in the lower stratosphere. Consistent with the changes in the heating rates, the equilibrium temperature profile computed by the radiative-convective model predicted a cooling in the stratosphere of the order of 0-6Â°C and a very slight warming in the troposphere. The increase of tropospheric ozone causes an additional cooling in the stratosphere. The temperature decrease caused by ozone decrease in the lower stratosphere is larger than that caused by increase of trace gases concentration during the same period. The stratospheric cooling effect due to trace gases is, however, better presented near 30 km altitude
Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Identifying and explaining regional differences in tropical forest dynamics, structure, diversity, and composition are critical for anticipating region-specific responses to global environmental change. Floristic classifications are of fundamental importance for these efforts. Here we provide a global tropical forest classification that is explicitly based on community evolutionary similarity, resulting in identification of five major tropical forest regions and their relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. African and American forests are grouped, reflecting their former western Gondwanan connection, while Indo-Pacific forests range from eastern Africa and Madagascar to Australia and the Pacific. The connection between northern-hemisphere Asian and American forests is confirmed, while Dry forests are identified as a single tropical biome. Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests
Synthesis and characterization of vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles

Vincristine is an anticancer drug used to treat different types of cancer. However, vincristine has been reported to become resistant against some cancer such as small cell lung cancer cell lines due to decreased uptake, increased drug efflux etc. To increase the uptake, vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method at pH 2.5. 1 H-NMR confirmed conjugation of folic acid with chitosan. Blank folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles had an average size of 897.5 ± 0.90 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.738 ± 0.30 and zeta potential of +11.2 ± 0.43 mV and found to increase in vincristine loaded folic acid−chitosan nanoparticles at different formulations due to loading of vincristine in folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed different functional groups and loading of vincristine in chitosan nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to confirm the crystalline nature of the drug after loading and face centered cubic (FCC) structure of nanoparticles. In vitro drug release study showed slow and sustained release of vincristine in phosphate buffered saline at pH 6.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical and rough surface of nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed loading of vincristine and size range of nanoparticles from 4.24 to 300 nm. Spectrophotometric analysis depicted maximum encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of 81.25% and 10.31%, respectively. Since cancer cells express folate receptors on their surface, these vincristine loaded folic acid-chitosan conjugated nanoparticles could be used for targeted delivery against resistant cancer with some modifications
Higgs constraints from vector boson fusion and scattering.

We present results on 4-lepton + 2-jet production, the partonic processes most commonly described as vector boson pair production in the Vector Boson Fusion (VBF) mode. This final state contains diagrams that are mediated by Higgs boson exchange. We focus particularly on the high-mass behaviour of the Higgs boson mediated diagrams, which unlike on-shell production, gives information about the Higgs couplings without assumptions on the Higgs boson total width. We assess the sensitivity of the high-mass region to Higgs coupling strengths, considering all vector boson pair channels, W−W+, W±W±, W±Z and ZZ. Because of the small background, the most promising mode is W+W+ which has sensitivity to Higgs couplings because of Higgs boson exchange in the t-channel. Using the Caola-Melnikov (CM) method, the off-shell couplings can be interpreted as bounds on the Higgs boson total width. We estimate the bound that can be obtained with current data, as well as the bounds that could be obtained at   s√=13  TeV in the VBF channel for data samples of 100 and 300 fb−1. The CM method has already been successfully applied in the gluon fusion (GGF) production channel. The VBF production channel gives important complementary information, because both production and decay of the Higgs boson occur already at tree graph level
Dopamine reverses reward insensitivity in apathy following globus pallidus lesions.

Apathy is a complex, behavioural disorder associated with reduced spontaneous initiation of actions. Although present in mild forms in some healthy people, it is a pathological state in conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease where it can have profoundly devastating effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying apathy is therefore of urgent concern but this has proven difficult because widespread brain changes in neurodegenerative diseases make interpretation difficult and there is no good animal model. Here we present a very rare case with profound apathy following bilateral, focal lesions of the basal ganglia, with globus pallidus regions that connect with orbitofrontal (OFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) particularly affected. Using two measures of oculomotor decision-making we show that apathy in this individual was associated with reward insensitivity. However, reward sensitivity could be established partially with levodopa and more effectively with a dopamine receptor agonist. Concomitantly, there was an improvement in the patient's clinical state, with reduced apathy, greater motivation and increased social interactions. These findings provide a model system to study a key neuropsychiatric disorder. They demonstrate that reward insensitivity associated with basal ganglia dysfunction might be an important component of apathy that can be reversed by dopaminergic modulation
The paradox of openness:appropriability, external search and collaboration

To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large number of actors from outside their organization. At the same time, firms need also to be focused on capturing the returns from their innovative ideas. This gives rise to a paradox of openness-the creation of innovations often requires openness, but the commercialization of innovations requires protection. Based on econometric analysis of data from a UK innovation survey, we find a concave relationship between firms' breadth of external search and formal collaboration for innovation, and the strength of the firms' appropriability strategies. We show that this concave relationship is stronger for breadth of formal collaboration than for external search. There is also partial evidence suggesting that the relationship is less pronounced for both external search and formal collaboration if firms do not draw ideas from or collaborate with competitors. We explore the implications of these findings for the literature on open innovation and innovation strategy
Study of forward Z+jet production in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

A measurement of the Z(→ μ + μ −) + jet production cross-section in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s√ = 7 TeV is presented. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. Results are shown with two jet transverse momentum thresholds, 10 and 20 GeV, for both the overall cross-section within the fiducial volume, and for six differential cross-section measurements. The fiducial volume requires that both the jet and the muons from the Z boson decay are produced in the forward direction (2.0 < η < 4.5). The results show good agreement with theoretical predictions at the second-order expansion in the coupling of the strong interaction
The asymptotic growth of the constants in the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality is optimal

The search of sharp estimates for the constants in the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality, besides its challenging nature, has quite important applications in different fields of mathematics and physics. For homogeneous polynomials, it was recently shown that the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality (for complex scalars) is hypercontractive. This result, interesting by itself, has found direct striking applications in the solution of several important problems. For multilinear mappings, precise information on the asymptotic behavior of the constants of the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality is of particular importance for applications in Quantum Information Theory and multipartite Bell inequalities. In this paper, using elementary tools, we prove a quite surprising result: the asymptotic growth of the constants in the multilinear Bohnenblust-Hille inequality is optimal. Besides its intrinsic mathematical interest and potential applications to different areas, the mathematical importance of this result also lies in the fact that all previous estimates and related results for the last 80 years (such as, for instance, the multilinear version of the famous Grothendieck theorem for absolutely summing operators) always present constants C-m's growing at an exponential rate of certain power of m
Holographic entanglement and causal information in coherent states.

Scalar solitons in global AdS4 are holographically dual to coherent states carrying a non-trivial condensate of a scalar operator. We study the holographic information content of these states, focusing on a particular spatial region, by examining the entanglement entropy and causal holographic information. We show generically that whenever the dimension of the condensed operator is sufficiently low (characterized by the double-trace operator becoming relevant), such coherent states have lower entanglement and causal holographic information than the vacuum state of the system, despite having greater energy. We also use these geometries to illustrate the fact that causal wedges associated with a simply-connected boundary region can have non-trivial topology even in causally trivial spacetimes
Extraction of the strong neutron-proton mass difference from the charge
  symmetry breaking in pn-->d pi0

We perform a complete calculation of charge symmetry breaking effects for the
reaction pn -> d pi0 at leading order in chiral perturbation theory. A new
leading-order operator is included. From our analysis we extract \delta
m_N^{str}, the strong contribution to the neutron-proton mass difference. The
value obtained, \delta m_N^{str} = 1.5 \pm 0.8 (exp.) \pm 0.5 (th.) MeV, is
consistent with the result based on the Cottingham sum rule. This agreement
provides a non-trivial test of our current understanding of the chiral
structure of QCD.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, revised version accepted by PL