pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The relationship between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth among adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients

ObjectiveTheories of posttraumatic growth suggest that some degree of distress is necessary to stimulate growth; yet, investigations of the relationship between stress and growth following trauma are mixed. This study aims to understand the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients.Method165 AYA patients aged 14–39 years at diagnosis completed standardized measures of posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth at 12 months following diagnosis. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing and regression were used to examine linear and curvilinear relationships between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth.ResultsNo significant relationships between overall posttraumatic stress severity and posttraumatic growth were observed at 12‐month follow‐up. However, curvilinear relationships between re‐experiencing (a posttraumatic stress symptom) and two of five posttraumatic growth indicators (New Possibilities, Personal Strengths) were observed.ConclusionFindings suggest that re‐experiencing is associated with some aspects of posttraumatic growth but not others. Although re‐experiencing is considered a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder, it also may represent a cognitive process necessary to achieve personal growth for AYAs. Findings call into question the supposed psychopathological nature of re‐experiencing and suggest that re‐experiencing, as a cognitive process, may be psychologically adaptive. Opportunities to engage family, friends, cancer survivors, or health care professionals in frank discussions about fears, worries, or concerns may help AYAs re‐experience cancer in a way that enhances their understanding of what happened to them and contributes to positive adaptation to life after cancer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The effect of creative psychological interventions on psychological outcomes for adult cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Objective\ud
This systematic review examined the effectiveness of creative psychological interventions (CPIs) for adult cancer patients. In particular, the findings of randomised controlled trials of art, drama, dance/movement and music therapies on psychological outcomes were examined.\ud
Methods\ud
The review yielded 10 original studies analysing data from a total of 488 patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers.\ud
Results\ud
Four of the papers focused on the use of art therapy, three studies used music therapy, one paper utilised dance therapy, one study used dance/movement therapy and the remaining paper used creative arts therapies, which was a combination of different art-based therapy approaches. Eight papers focused solely on breast cancer patients, and the remaining studies included mixed cancer sites/stages. The studies reported improvements in anxiety and depression, quality of life, coping, stress, anger and mood. However, few physical benefits of CPIs were reported; there was no significant impact of a CPI on physical aspects of quality of life, vigour-activity or fatigue-inertia or physical functioning. One study was assessed as high quality, seven studies were assessed as satisfactory and two studies were assessed to be of poorer quality.\ud
Conclusions\ud
There is initial evidence that CPIs benefit adult cancer patients with respect to anxiety and depression, quality of life, coping, stress, anger and mood; there was no evidence to suggest that any one type of CPI was especially beneficial. However, more and better quality research needs to be conducted, particularly in the areas of drama and dance/movement therapies
The role of relationship attachment in psychological adjustment to cancer in patients and caregivers: A systematic review of the literature

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: The role of relationship attachment in psychological adjustment to cancer in patients and caregivers: A systematic review of the literature. Psycho-Oncology, 2014, 23(10), pp. 1083-1095, which has been published in final form at http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/pon.3664.  This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.The objective of this works is to report the results of a systematic review to evaluate the role\ud
of attachment in adjustment to cancer for patients and those close to them
Evaluation of the making sense of brain tumor program: a randomized controlled trial of a home-based psychosocial intervention

Objective: Despite significant psychosocial morbidity, there are few controlled trials of psychological support for people with brain tumor. This study evaluated the efficacy of the Making Sense of Brain Tumor (MSoBT) program, a home-based psychosocial intervention. Design: A randomized controlled trial with a wait list condition Methods: Fifty participants aged 17-82 years with brain tumor (54% benign) were randomly allocated to immediate treatment (n = 27) or a waitlist (n = 23). Measures included Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), McGill Quality of Life (MQOL) Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br). The immediate treatment group received the 10-session MSoBT program, while the waitlist group received usual care for 10 weeks and were then re-assessed before receiving the MSoBT program. A 6- month post-intervention follow-up was conducted. Results: Analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline functioning identified that the immediate treatment group reported significantly lower levels of depression on the MADRS (?p2 = .19) and higherlevels of existential well-being on the MQOL (?p2 = .13) and functional well-being (?p2 = .21) and global quality of life on the FACT-Br (?p 2 = .12) at post-assessment than the waitlist group. At 6-month follow-up participants reported significantly lower levels of depression and stress and higher existential well-being and quality of life relative to pre-intervention. Conclusions: The MSoBT program appears to have efficacy for enhancing psychological well-being and quality of life after brain tumor.Griffith Health, School of Applied PsychologyFull Tex
Psychological distress and quality of life in lung cancer: The role of health-related stigma, illness appraisals and social constraints

Objective: Health-related stigma is associated with negative psychological and quality of life outcomes in lung
cancer patients. Thisstudy describes the impact of stigma on lung cancer patients’ psychological distress and
quality of life and explores the role of social constraints and illness appraisal as mediators of effect.
Methods: A self-administered cross-sectional survey examined psychological distress and quality of
life in 151 people (59% response rate) diagnosed with lung cancer from Queensland and New South
Wales. Health-related stigma, social constraints and illness appraisals were assessed as predictors of
adjustment outcomes.
Results: Forty-nine percent of patients reported elevated anxiety; 41% were depressed; and 51%
had high global distress. Health-related stigma was significantly related to global psychological
distress and quality of life with greater stigma and shame related to poorer outcomes. These effects
were mediated by illness appraisals and social constraints.
Conclusions: Health-related stigma appears to contribute to poorer adjustment by constraining
interpersonal discussions about cancer and heightening feelings of threat. There is a need for the
development and evaluation of interventions to ameliorate the negative effects of health-related stigma
among lung cancer patients.Griffith Health, School of Applied PsychologyFull Tex
The role of emotions in time to presentation for symptoms suggestive of cancer: A systematic literature review of quantitative studies

Background: Emotions may be important in patients’ decisions to seek medical help for symptoms suggestive of cancer. 
Objectives: The aim of this systematic literature review was to examine quantitative literature on the influence of emotion on patients’ help-seeking for symptoms suggestive of cancer. The objectives were to identify: (1) which types of emotions influence help-seeking behaviour; (2) whether these form a barrier or trigger for seeking medical help; and (3) how the role of emotions varies between different cancers and populations. 

Methods: We searched four electronic databases and conducted a narrative synthesis. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported primary, quantitative research that examined any emotion specific to symptom appraisal or help-seeking for symptoms suggestive of cancer. 

Results: Thirty-three papers were included. The studies were heterogeneous in their methods and quality and very few had emotion as the main focus of the research. Studies reported a limited range of emotions, mainly related to fear and worry. The impact of emotions appears mixed, sometimes acting as a barrier to consultation whilst at other times being a trigger or being unrelated to time to presentation (TTP). It is plausible that different emotions play different roles at different times prior to presentation.
Conclusions: This systematic review provides some quantitative evidence for the role of emotions in help-seeking behaviour. However, it also highlighted widespread methodological, definition and design issues among the existing literature. The conflicting results around the role of emotions on TTP may be due to the lack of definition of each specific emotion.This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme (RP-PG-0608-10045). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research, or the Department of Health. FMW was funded by a NIHR clinical lectureship then an NIHR Clinical Scientist Award.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.383
A tsunami of unmet needs: Pancreatic and ampullary cancer patients’ supportive care needs and use of community and allied health services

Objective\ud
\ud
People diagnosed with pancreatic cancer have the worst survival prognosis of any cancer. No previous research has documented the supportive care needs of this population. Our objective was to describe people’s needs and use of support services and to examine whether these differed according to whether or not patients had undergone surgical resection.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
Queensland pancreatic or ampullary cancer patients (n=136, 54% of those eligible) completed a survey which assessed 34 needs across 5 domains (SCNS-SF34) and use of health services. Differences by resection were compared with Chi-squared tests.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
\ud
Overall, 96% of participants reported having some needs. More than half reported moderate-to-high unmet physical (54%) or psychological (52%) needs whereas, health system/information (32%), patient care (21%) and sexuality needs (16%) were described less frequently. The three most frequently reported moderate-to-high needs included ‘not being able to do things they used to do’ (41%), ‘concerns about the worries of those close’ (37%), and ‘uncertainty about the future’ (30%). Patients with non-resectable disease reported greater individual information needs but their needs were otherwise similar to patients with resectable disease. Self-reported use of support was low; only 35% accessed information, 28%, 18% and 15% consulted a dietician, complementary medicine practitioner or mental health practitioner, respectively. Palliative care access was greater (59% vs 27%) among those with non-resectable disease.\ud
\ud
Conclusion\ud
\ud
Very high levels of needs were reported by people with pancreatic or ampullary cancer. Future work needs to elucidate why uptake of appropriate supportive care is low and which services are required
Psychosocial factors that influence men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms: a systematic synthesis of mixed methods research

Objective\ud
\ud
Effectiveness of cancer control partly depends upon early identification and treatment. Men appear to be more likely to delay help-seeking for symptoms, resulting in later diagnosis. This review aims to provide a mixed research synthesis of the psychosocial barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking for cancer symptoms among men.\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
Systematic methods were followed, including a predefined research question and search strategy. Searches retrieved 7131 international records from online databases: MEDLINE (n = 3011), PubMed (n = 471), SCOPUS (n = 896), Informit (n = 131), PsychINFO (n = 347), and Web of Science (n = 2275). Forty studies were eligible for inclusion in the review (25 qualitative studies, 11 quantitative studies, and 4 mixed-method studies).\ud
Results\ud
\ud
There was strong observational evidence for several psychosocial barriers to men's help-seeking behaviour: low cancer knowledge and inaccurate symptom interpretation, embarrassment and fear, and conformity to masculine gender role norms. The strongest facilitating factor associated with men's help-seeking behaviour was encouragement and support of spouses and family members. The majority of research was qualitative and used small samples, making generalisations to the wider population difficult.\ud
Conclusions\ud
\ud
Men's help-seeking for cancer symptoms is influenced by several psychosocial factors, which, in part, may be gender-specific. Health promotion initiatives to improve help-seeking behaviour among men should aim to increase cancer knowledge, reduce embarrassment and fear, address social norms deterring timely help-seeking, and acknowledge informal help-seeking with spouses and family members. Increasing the theoretical grounding of research could aid cohesion across the research area and the design of effective health promotion interventions
Psycho-oncology and primary prevention in cancer control plans: An absent voice?

Background: One third of cancer deaths are attributable to modifiable lifestyle, behaviour and psychosocial risk factors. Psycho-oncology can contribute significantly to prevention initiatives such as those described in national cancer control plans (NCCPs), to reduce or eliminate these risk factors. However, the extent to which psycho-oncology expertise has informed prevention objectives in plans is unclear. Methods: Accordingly, 35 English language NCCPs were located via existing databases and were searched using Adobe text searches ('psycho', 'social', 'behav' and 'intervention') to identify (a) representations of psycho-oncology, its dimensions (psychological, social and behavioural) and roles (e.g. psychologist); and (b) behaviour/lifestyle change interventions. Results: A third of NCCPs included the termpsycho- or psychosocial-oncology; approximately half referred to a psycho-oncology dimension regarding prevention and early detection and half included actions/objectives relating to health professionals and provision of psychosocial care. The majority of cancer plans included prevention outcomes and focussed primarily on smoking cessation and alcohol reduction. Interventions commonly proposed were education, regulation and service provision; however, many were aspirational statements of intent rather than specific interventions. Psycho-oncology was represented in NCCPs but was limited in reference to prevention with few behavioural interventions utilised. Conclusions: Psycho-oncology input is needed to prescribe evidence-based interventions in cancer plans that not only educate, regulate and provide resources but also motivate, empower and create a supportive normative environment for behaviour change. In this manuscript, and throughout this Special Issue on Cancer Prevention, important principles, ideas and evidence within psychooncology are outlined which, if properly implemented, can help reduce the global cancer burden.Full Tex
Emotional responses to the experience of cancer 'alarm' symptoms

Objective: To qualitatively explore associations between emotional responses to experience of cancer 'alarm' symptoms and help-seeking in a community sample of adults. Method: Interviewees (n=62) were recruited from a community sample (n=2042) of adults aged ≥50 years, who had completed a health survey that included a list of cancer alarm symptoms. Participants who had reported an alarm symptom both at baseline and 3-month follow-up (n=271), and who had consented to contact (n=215), constituted the pool for invitations to interview. Results: Over a third of participants (37%) described an emotional response to their symptom experience. In all these cases, there was evidence of awareness of the risk of cancer. Emotional responses were usually either classified as mild ('worry') or severe ('fear'). Worry was often described in the context of a desire to seek medical help, either to rule out cancer or to minimise patient delay. In contrast, the 'fear' group described associations with death, the perceived incurability of cancer, and the consequence of a cancer diagnosis. Where the emotional reaction was fear, medical contact was seen as something to be avoided either because it had no value or because it was preferable not to be told a diagnosis. Conclusion: In this community sample, worry about the possibility of cancer was associated with help-seeking, either for reassurance or as part of a 'sensible' strategy to deal with the risk. In contrast, fear was associated with avoiding help-seeking or even thinking about cancer, which could lead to prolonged help-seeking intervals
The role of illness perceptions in adherence to surveillance in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

Objective\ud
The aim of the study was to examine patients' beliefs about having familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, and how these beliefs are associated with adherence to endoscopic surveillance.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
Adult patients diagnosed with FAP on the national Swedish polyposis register who had undergone prophylactic colorectal surgery (n 209, response rate 76%) completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationships between illness perceptions and adherence, when controlling for demographic and clinical factors.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
FAP was less distressing in men and those with fewer symptoms, reporting less serious consequences and more coherent understanding of FAP. Non-adherence (14%) to surveillance was associated with being older, having undergone surgery less recently and no history of malignancy. Patients' beliefs about their FAP were able to explain unique variance in non-adherence, in particular those who believed FAP was less distressing.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
Patients who were non-adherent to endoscopic surveillance had more positive perceptions about their FAP and, in particular, were less emotionally affected compared to those who adhered. As non-adherence implies a greater risk of future malignancies, special efforts are required to effectively prevent cancer in all patients with FAP. Those who have lived with the condition for a long time, and are not troubled by gastrointestinal symptoms or worried about their FAP, may be in need of specific information and support. Further prospective research is required to examine emotional predictors and consequences of non-adherence
Mediation of improvements in sun protective and skin self-examination behaviours: Results from the healthy text study

<b>Objective</b>\ud
\ud
Melanoma is on the rise, especially in Caucasian populations exposed to high ultraviolet radiation such as in Australia. This paper examined the psychological components facilitating change in skin cancer prevention or early detection behaviours following a text message intervention.\ud
\ud
<b>Methods</b>\ud
\ud
The Queensland-based participants were 18 to 42 years old, from the Healthy Text study (N = 546). Overall, 512 (94%) participants completed the 12-month follow-up questionnaires. Following the social cognitive model, potential mediators of skin self-examination (SSE) and sun protection behaviour change were examined using stepwise logistic regression models.\ud
\ud
<b>Results</b>\ud
\ud
At 12-month follow-up, odds of performing an SSE in the past 12 months were mediated by baseline confidence in finding time to check skin (an outcome expectation), with a change in odds ratio of 11.9% in the SSE group versus the control group when including the mediator. Odds of greater than average sun protective habits index at 12-month follow-up were mediated by (a) an attempt to get a suntan at baseline (an outcome expectation) and (b) baseline sun protective habits index, with a change in odds ratio of 10.0% and 11.8%, respectively in the SSE group versus the control group.\ud
\ud
<b>Conclusions</b>\ud
\ud
Few of the suspected mediation pathways were confirmed with the exception of outcome expectations and past behaviours. Future intervention programmes could use alternative theoretical models to elucidate how improvements in health behaviours can optimally be facilitated
Long-term fear of recurrence in young breast cancer survivors and partners

Background

Fear of a breast cancer recurrence is the most prevalent and disruptive source of distress for long-term survivors and their partners. However, few studies have focused on predictors of fear of recurrence. The aim of this study is to test the efficacy of the Social Cognitive Processing Theory (SCPT) in predicting fear of recurrence in long-term breast cancer survivors diagnosed at age 45 years or younger and their partners.
Methods

In a large cross-sectional study, breast cancer survivors (n = 222) 3–8 years from diagnosis and their partners completed a survey assessing demographic characteristics, fear of recurrence, social constraints, and cognitive processing (intrusive thoughts and cognitive avoidance). Mediation analyses were conducted for survivors and partners separately to determine if cognitive processing would mediate the relationship between social constraints and fear of recurrence.
Results

Cognitive processing mediated the relationship between social constraints and fear of recurrence both for survivors [F(3,213) = 47.541, R2 = 0.401, p < 0.001] and partners [F(3,215) = 27.917, R2 = 0.280, p < 0.001). Demographic variables were not significant predictors of fear of recurrence.
Conclusions

As predicted, cognitive processing mediated the relationship between social constraints and fear of recurrence. Results expand the utility of the SCPT in long-term survivors and their partners by supporting its use in intervention design