pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the electron and muon inclusive cross-sections in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter presents measurements of the differential cross-sections for inclusive electron and muon production in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV, using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muon cross-section is measured as a function of pT in the range 4<pT<100 GeV and within pseudorapidity |η|<2.5. In addition the electron and muon cross-sections are measured in the range 7<pT<26 GeV and within |η|<2.0, excluding 1.37<|η|<1.52. Integrated luminosities of 1.3 pb−1 and 1.4 pb−1 are used for the electron and muon measurements, respectively. After subtraction of the W/Z/γ⁎ contribution, the differential cross-sections are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for heavy-flavour production obtained from Fixed Order NLO calculations with NLL high-pT resummation, and to be sensitive to the effects of NLL resummation
Pro-Substance P for Evaluation of Risk in Acute Myocardial Infarction

AbstractBackgroundPro-substance P (ProSP) is a stable surrogate marker for labile substance P, which has pro-inflammatory effects, increases platelet aggregation and clot strength, and reduces fibrinolysis.ObjectivesThis study assessed whether ProSP was associated with poor prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to identify novel pathophysiological mechanisms.MethodsProSP was measured in 1,148 AMI patients (825 men, mean age 66.2 ± 12.8 years). Endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (composite of death, reinfarction, and heart failure [HF] hospitalization), death/reinfarction, and death/HF. GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) scores were compared with ProSP for death and/or reinfarction at 6 months.ResultsDuring 2-year follow-up, there were 140 deaths, 112 HF hospitalizations, and 149 re-AMI. ProSP levels were highest on the first 2 days after admission and related to estimated glomerular filtration rate, age, history of diabetes, ischemic heart disease or hypertension, Killip class, left ventricular wall motion index, and sex. Multivariate Cox regression models showed ProSP level was a predictor of major adverse events (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 1.54; p < 0.002), death and/or AMI (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.68; p < 0.0005), death and/or HF (HR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.67; p < 0.001). ProSP levels with GRACE scores were independent predictors of 6-month death and/or reinfarction (p < 0.0005 for both). ProSP-adjusted GRACE scores reclassified patients significantly (overall category-free net reclassification improvement of 31.6 (95% CI: 14.3 to 49.0; p < 0.0005) mainly by down-classifying those without endpoints.ConclusionsProSP levels post-AMI are prognostic for death, recurrent AMI, or HF, and they improve risk prediction of GRACE scores, predominantly by down-classifying risk in those without events
Study of the rare Bs0 and B0 decays into the π+π−μ+μ− final state

AbstractA search for the rare decays Bs0→π+π−μ+μ− and B0→π+π−μ+μ− is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5–1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0→π+π−μ+μ− and the first evidence of the decay B0→π+π−μ+μ− are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0→π+π−μ+μ−)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))×10−8 and B(B0→π+π−μ+μ−)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))×10−8, where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0→J/ψ(→μ+μ−)K⁎(892)0(→K+π−), used as a normalisation
Rota–Baxter algebras and dendriform algebras

AbstractIn this paper we study the adjoint functors between the category of Rota–Baxter algebras and the categories of dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. In analogy to the well-known theory of the adjoint functor between the category of associative algebras and Lie algebras, we first give an explicit construction of free Rota–Baxter algebras and then apply it to obtain universal enveloping Rota–Baxter algebras of dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras. We further show that free dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras, as represented by binary planar trees and planar trees, are canonical subalgebras of free Rota–Baxter algebras
Global Trends of «Green» Economy Development as a Factor for Improvement of Economical and Social Prosperity

AbstractThe article covers main reasons of emerging a new type of economy, the “green” economy. The aims and objectives of developing green economy were analyzed. The significance of an economy reform carried out on both national and global levels was evaluated. We analyzed both speed and level of the green economy development in the world and in the most developed countries of the world. An influence of institutional and investment factors on the process of greening economy was studied. The authors evaluated an influence of scientific and technical researches on transition of economy to its new model. An influence of leading countries, economical global leaders, on greening interstate and global economy was reviewed and analyzed. Possible perspectives of the global green economy development and consequences of greening process are given. The article determines factors that influence on the level of economic and social prosperity and welfare of society. The authors show negative consequences of the existing economic model that influence the society level of living, poverty, prosperity and welfare. It is proved by Japan experience that contributions into development of “green” economy sectors and R&D works promote greening food, influence welfare of society and life expectancy. A conclusion was made that transition to green economy will favorably influence health level of any nation and increase factors that promote development of social and economic prosperity and welfare of society in general
Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors Are Gated by Different Endogenous Coagonists

SummaryN-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are located in neuronal cell membranes at synaptic and extrasynaptic locations, where they are believed to mediate distinct physiological and pathological processes. Activation of NMDARs requires glutamate and a coagonist whose nature and impact on NMDAR physiology remain elusive. We report that synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs are gated by different endogenous coagonists, d-serine and glycine, respectively. The regionalized availability of the coagonists matches the preferential affinity of synaptic NMDARs for d-serine and extrasynaptic NMDARs for glycine. Furthermore, glycine and d-serine inhibit NMDAR surface trafficking in a subunit-dependent manner, which is likely to influence NMDARs subcellular location. Taking advantage of this coagonist segregation, we demonstrate that long-term potentiation and NMDA-induced neurotoxicity rely on synaptic NMDARs only. Conversely, long-term depression requires both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. Our observations provide key insights into the operating mode of NMDARs, emphasizing functional distinctions between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs in brain physiology
Fatty Acid Uptake and Lipid Storage Induced by HIF-1α Contribute to Cell Growth and Survival after Hypoxia-Reoxygenation

SummaryAn in vivo model of antiangiogenic therapy allowed us to identify genes upregulated by bevacizumab treatment, including Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) and FABP7, both of which are involved in fatty acid uptake. In vitro, both were induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. There was a significant lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hypoxia that was time and O2 concentration dependent. Knockdown of endogenous expression of FABP3, FABP7, or Adipophilin (an essential LD structural component) significantly impaired LD formation under hypoxia. We showed that LD accumulation is due to FABP3/7-dependent fatty acid uptake while de novo fatty acid synthesis is repressed in hypoxia. We also showed that ATP production occurs via β-oxidation or glycogen degradation in a cell-type-dependent manner in hypoxia-reoxygenation. Finally, inhibition of lipid storage reduced protection against reactive oxygen species toxicity, decreased the survival of cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro, and strongly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo
Cities in Citizens’ Hands

AbstractWe propose a new paradigm for public participation in urban planning, a field which presents significant challenges for public understanding and participation. Our approach is based on leveraging the rich diversity of meaning associated with cultural gestures, traditions, folklore, and rituals, and using them in augmented reality systems, in order for citizens’ to explore, understand, and communicate the complex, systemic ideas and concepts associated with urban planning.At an immediate level, this approach holds the potential for enabling increased public awareness of what is at stake in urban planning - both on the part of citizens and on the part of public officials, policy-makers, and decision-makers – and consequently enhancing understanding and improving participation in public life and citizenship. It may also open up a new field of research and development in human-computer interaction, to leverage the richness of meaning and modes of expression which exist in various cultures and societies, rather than ignoring them and imposing dumbed-down or prescribed command methods. Thus, it aims to facilitate new levels of empowerment of users in the use of digital systems and data. The active utilization of cultural meaning in gestures, rituals, and social practices may also support and promote better inclusion and participation of minority groups and migrant communities in contemporary, technology-rich life
Charm quark–antiquark correlations in photon–proton scattering

AbstractCorrelation of charm-quark–charm-antiquark in γp scattering are calculated in the kt-factorization approach. We apply different unintegrated gluon distributions (uGDF) used in the literature. The results of our calculations are compared with very recent experimental results from the FOCUS Collaboration. The CCFM uGDF developed recently by Kwieciński et al. gives a good description of the data. New observables are suggested for future studies. Predictions and perspectives for the HERA energies are presented
Inflationary cosmology and the standard model Higgs with a small Hubble-induced mass

AbstractWe study the dynamics of the standard model Higgs field in the inflationary cosmology. Since metastability of our vacuum is indicated by the current experimental data of the Higgs boson and top quark, inflation models with a large Hubble parameter may have a problem: In such models, the Higgs field rolls down towards the unwanted true vacuum due to the large fluctuation in the inflationary background. However, this problem can be relaxed by supposing an additional mass term for the Higgs field generated during and after inflation. We point out that it does not have to be larger than the Hubble parameter if the number of e-folds during inflation is not too large. We demonstrate that a high reheating temperature is favored in such a relatively small mass case and it can be checked by future gravitational wave observations. Such an induced mass can be generated by, e.g., a direct coupling to the inflaton field or nonminimal coupling to gravity
Quadratic α′-corrections to heterotic double field theory

AbstractWe investigate α′-corrections of heterotic double field theory up to quadratic order in the language of supersymmetric O(D,D+dim⁡G) gauged double field theory. After introducing double-vielbein formalism with a parametrization which reproduces heterotic supergravity, we show that supersymmetry for heterotic double field theory up to leading order α′-correction is obtained from supersymmetric gauged double field theory. We discuss the necessary modifications of the symmetries defined in supersymmetric gauged double field theory. Further, we construct supersymmetric completion at quadratic order in α′
A measurement of coherent neutral pion production in neutrino neutral current interactions in the NOMAD experiment

AbstractWe present a study of exclusive neutral pion production in neutrino–nucleus Neutral Current interactions using data from the NOMAD experiment at the CERN SPS. The data correspond to 1.44×106 muon-neutrino Charged Current interactions in the energy range 2.5⩽Eν⩽300 GeV. Neutrino events with only one visible π0 in the final state are expected to result from two Neutral Current processes: coherent π0 production, ν+A→ν+A+π0 and single π0 production in neutrino–nucleon scattering. The signature of coherent π0 production is an emergent π0 almost collinear with the incident neutrino while π0's produced in neutrino–nucleon deep inelastic scattering have larger transverse momenta. In this analysis all relevant backgrounds to the coherent π0 production signal are measured using data themselves. Having determined the backgrounds, and using the Rein–Sehgal model for the coherent π0 production to compute the detection efficiency, we obtain 4630±522(stat)±426(syst) corrected coherent-π0 events with Eπ0⩾0.5 GeV. We measure σ(νA→νAπ0)=[72.6±8.1(stat)±6.9(syst)]×10−40 cm2/nucleus. This is the most precise measurement of the coherent π0 production to date
Observations of the magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586 with the MAGIC telescopes

Magnetars are an extreme, highly magnetized class of isolated neutron stars whose large X-ray luminosity is believed to be driven by their high magnetic field. In this work we study for the first time the possible very high energy gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV from magnetars, observing the sources 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586. We observed the two sources with atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in the very high energy range (E > 100 GeV). 4U 0142+61 was observed with the MAGIC I telescope in 2008 for ~25 h and 1E 2259+586 was observed with the MAGIC stereoscopic system in 2010 for ~14 h. The data were analyzed with the standard MAGIC analysis software. Neither magnetar was detected. Upper limits to the differential and integral flux above 200 GeV were computed using the Rolke algorithm. We obtain integral upper limits to the flux of 1.52*10^-12cm^-2 s^-1 and 2.7*10^-12cm^-2 s^-1 with a confidence level of 95% for 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586, respectively. The resulting differential upper limits are presented together with X-ray data and upper limits in the GeV energy range
Validation of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) chamber for trials in allergy : innovation of a mobile allergen exposure chamber

Background: Field clinical trials of pollen allergy are affected by the impossibility of predicting and determining individual allergen exposure because of many factors (eg, pollen season, atmospheric variations, pollutants, and lifestyles). Environmental exposure chambers, delivering a fixed amount of allergen in a controlled environmental setting, can overcome these limitations. 
Environmental exposure chambers are currently already used in phase 2, 3, and even 4 trials. Unfortunately, few chambers exist in the world, and this makes it difficult to perform large, multicenter clinical trials. The new Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) mobile exposure chamber is a step forward because the mobility of the chamber makes it convenient for patients to participate in clinical testing. 
Objective: This study was made to validate the reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of the results obtained in the new GA(2)LEN chamber. 
Methods: Seventy-two adult patients (19-61 years old) with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma caused by grass pollen were included in different clinical validation tests. Total symptom scores and total nasal symptom scores were recorded at time zero (0) and every 10 minutes during exposures, along with nasal and respiratory parameters. 
Results: Exposure tests confirmed the reproducibility between subsequent runs and the sensitivity (P < .00001 vs patients exposed to placebo) and specificity (very low score in nonallergic subjects) in the GA(2)LEN chamber. No adverse reactions were recorded during the tests. 
Conclusions: The mobility of the GA(2)LEN chamber provides a new, potentially effective, and safe way of generating reliable data in allergy multicenter clinical trials
TANAMI blazars in the IceCube PeV-neutrino fields

The IceCube Collaboration has announced the discovery of a neutrino flux in excess of the atmospheric background. Owing to the steeply falling atmospheric background spectrum, events at PeV energies most likely have an extraterrestrial origin. We present the multiwavelength properties of the six radio-brightest blazars that are positionally coincident with these events using contemporaneous data of the TANAMI blazar sample, including high-resolution images and spectral energy distributions. Assuming the X-ray to γ-ray emission originates in the photoproduction of pions by accelerated protons, the integrated predicted neutrino luminosity of these sources is high enough to explain the two detected PeV events
Intercropping leek (Allium porrum L.) with dyer’s woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) increases rooted zone and agro-ecosystem retention of nitrogen.

Nitrate leaching can be high in organic vegetable production. Late-harvested crops like leek limit the use of autumn catch crops. The aim of this study was to investigate the growing of a combination of a deep-rooted catch crop and a shallow-rooted vegetable to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching. We compared a leek sole crop (S) with two intercropped systems of leek and early-sown dyer’s woad (five weeks after leek planting) (IE) or late-sown dyer’s woad (eight weeks after leek planting) (IL) in two seasons: 2012 and 2013. To reveal root and resource competition, leek with dyer’s woad rows left empty (Semp), and early and late-sown dyer’s woad with leek rows left empty (DEemp, DLemp) were included. Yield, dry above-ground biomass, aboveground N accumulation and soil inorganic N (Ninorg) were measured as well as root growth by use of minirhizotrons to 2.3 m soil depth. Results showed that the marketable yield of leek in IE and IL systems was comparable with the yield in the S system when calculated per length of leek row. The Relative Competition Index (RCI) revealed that interspecific competition facilitated the growth of leek but hampered that of dyer’s woad. The rooted zone increased from 0.5 m in the S system to more than 2 m depth in those of the intercropped systems. Dyer’s woad ceased growing above ground but kept growing below ground after crop harvest and extended roots under the leek root system in 2012. Intercropping increased the root intensity of late-sown dyer’s woad after leek harvest in the 0.75–1.75 m soil layer compared to dyer’s woad growing alone (DLemp), while the root depth was not affected. The intercropped system with early-sown dyer’s woad reduced soil Ninorg by 52 kg ha−1 relative to the sole-cropped system, and dyer’s woad accumulated 48 kg N ha−1 in aboveground biomass at harvest in 2013. Late-sown dyer’s woad had fewer roots, left higher soil Ninorg and had lower aboveground N accumulation than early-sown dyer’s woad until the following spring. Therefore, early-sown dyer’s woad is applicable in an organic intercropped system with high yields of leek to decrease the risk of nitrate leaching
Reconstruction of top-quark mass effects in Higgs pair production and
  other gluon-fusion processes

We propose a novel method for the treatment of top-quark mass effects in the
production of $H^{(*)}$, $HH$, $HZ$ and $ZZ$ final states in gluon fusion. We
show that it is possible to reconstruct the full top-quark mass dependence of
the virtual amplitudes from the corresponding large-$m_t$ expansion and the
non-analytic part of the amplitude near the top-quark threshold
$\hat{s}=4m_t^2$ with a Pad\'e ansatz. The reliability of our method is clearly
demonstrated by a comparison with the recent NLO result for Higgs pair
production with full top-quark mass dependence.Comment: 40 pages, 11 figures, v2: published versio
Parallelizing a Hybrid Finite Element Boundary Integral Method for the Analysis of Scattering and Radiation of Electromagnetic Waves

This paper presents the practical experience of parallelizing a simulator of general scattering and radiation electromagnetic problems. The simulator stems from an existing sequential simulator in the frequency domain, which is based on a finite element analysis. After the analysis of a test case, two steps were carried out: first, a “hand-crafted” code parallelization of a convolution-type operation was developed within the kernel of the simulator. Second, the sequential HSL library, used in the existing simulator, was replaced by the parallel MUMPS (MUltifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver) library in order to solve the associated linear algebra problem in parallel. Such a library allows for the distribution of the factorized matrix and some of the computational load among the available processors. A test problem and three realistic (in terms of the number of unknowns) cases have been run using the parallelized version of the code, and the results are presented and discussed focusing on the memory usage and achieved speed-up
Effect of Linguistic Heterogeneity on Technology Transfer: An Economic Study of FIFA Football Rankings

This paper used Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) world ranking points data to examine how linguistic heterogeneity has an impact on technology transfer from the most developed countries. The major findings were that the learning effect from the most developed countries on team performance is larger for developing countries than for developed ones, and that linguistic heterogeneity has a detrimental effect on technology transfer for developed but not developing countries. The results presented here are interpreted to imply that the importance of common and proper comprehension of team strategy among members, which improves team performance but is hampered by linguistic heterogeneity, depends on the stage of development.
Supplement to ``Martingale properties of self-enforcing debt''

We present some complementary results to Bidian and Bejan (2012). Part 1 provides necessary and sufficient transversality conditions for an agent's optimization problem. They are extensions to stochastic environments of the conditions given by Kocherlakota (1992), or alternatively, extensions to nonzero debt constraints of the corresponding conditions in Forno2003}. Part \ref{ap:B} presents an elementary proof of  the characterization of NTT debt limits (Theorem 3.5 in the main paper) for the case when debt constraints bind in bounded time, that requires no martingale techniques or boundedness assumptions on the discounted debt limits. Part \ref{ap:C} complements results in Section 5.1 (in the main paper), showing that all the equilibria that can sustain bubbles under an interdiction to trade can be achieved from fixed, zero initial wealth for the agents. Thus endogeneity of debt limits causes multiplicity of not only asset prices (through bubbles), but also of real equilibrium allocations.