pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the garnet-perovskite transition in Nd doped YIG by means of magnetic disaccommodation

The garnet-perovskite transition is studied in this work with magnetic disaccommodation on polycrystalline Nd doped YIG samples Y3-xNdxFe5O12 (0 < x < 2.5). A very different behaviour with the sintering atmosphere is observed. The results of magnetic disaccommodation for samples sintered in air reveal that the low temperature peak of YIG at 120 K disappear and another peak emerge at 300 K with x = 2.0, when the solubility limit is surpassed and the compound contains secondary perovskite phase and magnetite. For CO2 sintered samples, the process at 120 K exhibit magnetic accommodation features (i.e. negative disaccommodation), and vanishes with increasing Nd substitution, together with the appearance of the 300 K peak associated with the garnet-perovskite transition which takes place with x ≈ 1.4 doping. Thermal evolution of magnetic permeability and X-ray diffraction support the behaviour observed. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.20030439
Surface energies of simple metals from slabs: Comparison of exchange-correlation density functionals

Surface energies of some simple metals (Be, Al, Mg, Li, and Na) were calculated within density functional theory. Various approximations for the exchange and correlation were tested: local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximations (GGA), and meta-generalized gradient approximation (MGGA). We used the Crystal98 code to calculate slabs with one to 10 layers using both all-electron and pseudopotential approaches. The extraction of the surface energy from the series of slab energies was done by the linear-fitting method. Our LDA and GGA results agree reasonably well with those from other authors. The MGGA values are, in general, close to LDA and higher than GGA ones, a pattern also observed in the jellium model. They also agree reasonably well with the experimental data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.2032
Lack of association or linkage disequilibrium between schizophrenia and polymorphisms in the 5-HT1Dalpha and 5-HT1Dbeta autoreceptor genes: Family-based association study

Genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia and disturbances of serotonergic pathways have been implicated in this disorder. The aim of the present study was to examine genetic association between schizophrenia and polymorphisms in the 5-HT1Dalpha (TaqI) and 5-HT1Dbeta (T261G and G861C) autoreceptor genes in ninety trios from Portugal. No association or linkage disequilibrium was obtained between schizophrenia and 5-HT1Dalpha and 5-HT1Dbeta autoreceptor genes with both haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Concerning 5-HT1Dbeta autoreceptor gene, also negative results was obtained in the analysis of the haplotypes with transmit. Thus, our data provide no support for the hypothesis that polymorphisms at 5-HT1Dalpha (TaqI) and 5-HT1Dbeta (T261G and G861C) genes contributes to susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Portuguese population. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.3002
On a class of invariant coframe operators with application to gravity

Let a differential 4D-manifold with a smooth coframe field be given. Consider
the operators on it that are linear in the second order derivatives or
quadratic in the first order derivatives of the coframe, both with coefficients
that depend on the coframe variables. The paper exhibits the class of operators
that are invariant under a general change of coordinates, and, also, invariant
under the global SO(1,3)-transformation of the coframe. A general class of
field equations is constructed. We display two subclasses in it. The subclass
of field equations that are derivable from action principles by free variations
and the subclass of field equations for which spherical-symmetric solutions,
Minkowskian at infinity exist. Then, for the spherical-symmetric solutions, the
resulting metric is computed. Invoking the Geodesic Postulate, we find all the
equations that are experimentally (by the 3 classical tests) indistinguishable
from Einstein field equations. This family includes, of course, also Einstein
equations. Moreover, it is shown, explicitly, how to exhibit it. The basic tool
employed in the paper is an invariant formulation reminiscent of Cartan's
structural equations. The article sheds light on the possibilities and
limitations of the coframe gravity. It may also serve as a general procedure to
derive covariant field equations
On the Vainshtein mechanism in the minimal model of massive gravity

We reinvestigate the fate of the Vainhstein mechanism in the minimal model of
dRGT massive gravity. As the latter is characterised by the complete absence of
interactions in the decoupling limit, we study their structure at higher
energies. We show that in static spherically symmetric configurations, the
lowest energy scale of interactions is pushed up to the Planck mass. This fact
points towards an absence of Vainshtein mechanism in this framework, but does
not prove it. By resorting to the exact vacuum equations of motion, we show
that there is indeed an obstruction that precludes any recovery of General
Relativity under the conditions of stationarity and spherical symmetry.
However, we argue that the latter are too restrictive and might miss some
important physical phenomena. Indeed, we point out that in generic non
spherically symmetric or time-dependent situations, interactions arising at
energies arbitrarily close to the energy scale of the decoupling limit
reappear. This leads us to question whether the small degree of spherical
symmetry breaking in the solar system can be sufficient to give rise to a
successful Vainshtein mechanism.Comment: 16 page
Choosing a variable ordering for truth-table invariant cylindrical
  algebraic decomposition by incremental triangular decomposition

Cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) is a key tool for solving problems
in real algebraic geometry and beyond. In recent years a new approach has been
developed, where regular chains technology is used to first build a
decomposition in complex space. We consider the latest variant of this which
builds the complex decomposition incrementally by polynomial and produces CADs
on whose cells a sequence of formulae are truth-invariant. Like all CAD
algorithms the user must provide a variable ordering which can have a profound
impact on the tractability of a problem. We evaluate existing heuristics to
help with the choice for this algorithm, suggest improvements and then derive a
new heuristic more closely aligned with the mechanics of the new algorithm
Photons, Clocks, Gravity and the Concept of Mass

Transparencies of the 18th Henry Primakoff lecture at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, April 11, 2001 and of the Special lecture given at the 7th International Workshop on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2001, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy, September 9, 2001; to be published by Elsevier Nucl. Phys. B (Proceedings supplements). Various aspects of the concept of mass in modern physics are discussed: 1. Mass in Special Relativity, 2. Atoms in Static Gravity, 3. Photons in Static Gravity, 4. Misleading Terminology, 5. Unsolved Problems of mass
Practical Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Enuresis

Despite the high prevalence of enuresis, the professional training of doctors in the evaluation and management of this condition is often minimal and/or inconsistent. Therefore, patient care is neither optimal nor efficient, which can have a profound impact on affected children and their families. Once comprehensive history taking and evaluation has eliminated daytime symptoms or comorbidities, monosymptomatic enuresis can be managed efficaciously in the majority of patients. Non-monosymptomatic enuresis is often a more complex condition; these patients may benefit from referral to specialty care centers. We outline two alternative strategies to determine the most appropriate course of care. The first is a basic assessment covering only the essential components of diagnostic investigation which can be carried out in one office visit. The second strategy includes several additional evaluations including completion of a voiding diary, which requires extra time during the initial consultation and two office visits before treatment or specialty referral is provided. This should yield greater success than first-line treatment. Conclusion: This guideline, endorsed by major international pediatric urology and nephrology societies, aims to equip a general pediatric practice in both primary and secondary care with simple yet comprehensive guidelines and practical tools (i.e., checklists, diary templates, and quick-reference flowcharts) for complete evaluation and successful treatment of enuresis
Lattice strain measurements using synchrotron diffraction to calibrate a micromechanical modeling in a ferrite–cementite steel

In situ tensile tests were performed at room temperature on a ferrite–cementite steel specifically designed for this study. The evolution of the average stress in ferrite during loading was analyzed by X-ray diffraction.Lattice strain measurements were performed with synchrotron ring diffraction in both ferrite and cementite.These in situ tests were complemented by macroscopic tensile and reversible tensile-compression tests to study the Bauschinger effect. In order to reproduce stresses in ferrite and
cementite particles,a recently developed micromechanical Internal Length Mean Field (ILMF) model based on a generalized self-consistent scheme is applied. In this designed ferrite–cementite steel,the third ‘‘phase’’of the model represents finite intermediate‘‘layers’’in ferrite due to large geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) densities around cementite particles. The assumed constant thickness of
the layers is calibrated thanks to the obtained experimental data.The ILMF model is validated by realistic estimates of the Bauschinger stress and the large difference between mean stresses in ferrite and in cementite phases.This difference cannot be reproduced by classic two-phase homogenization schemes without intermediate GND layers
Texture evolution in Nd:YAG-laser welds of AZ31 magnesium alloy hot rolled sheets and its influence on mechanical properties

AZ31 hot rolled magnesium alloy presents a strong basal texture. Using laser beam welding (LBW) as a joining process induces high temperature gradients leading to major texture changes. EBSD was used to study the texture evolution, and tensile tests coupled with speckle interferometry were performed to understand its influence on mechanical properties. The random texture obtained in the LBW fusion zone is mainly responsible for the yield strength reduction.AEROMAG Project N°AST4-CT-2005-516152 European Unio
Are there species smaller than 1 mm?

The rapid advance in genetic sequencing technologies has provided an unprecedented amount of data on the biodiversity of meiofauna. It was hoped that these data would allow the identification and counting of species, distinguished as tight clusters of similar genomes. Surprisingly, this appears not to be the case. Here, we begin a theoretical discussion of this phenomenon, drawing on an individual-based ecological model to inform our arguments. The determining factor in the emergence (or not) of distinguishable genetic clusters in the model is the product of population size with mutation rate—a measure of the adaptability of the population as a whole. This result suggests that indeed one should not expect to observe clearly distinguishable species groupings in data gathered from ultrasequencing of meiofauna
Auto-concealment of supersymmetry in extra dimensions

In supersymmetric (SUSY) theories with extra dimensions the visible energy in sparticle decays can be significantly reduced and its energy distribution broadened, thus significantly weakening the present collider limits on SUSY. The mechanism applies when the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is a bulk state — e.g. a bulk modulino, axino, or gravitino — the size of the extra dimensions ≳ 10 −14 cm, and for a broad variety of visible sparticle spectra. In such cases the lightest ordinary supersymmetric particle (LOSP), necessarily a brane-localised state, decays to the Kaluza-Klein (KK) discretuum of the LSP. This dynamically realises the compression mechanism for hiding SUSY as decays into the more numerous heavier KK LSP states are favored. We find LHC limits on right-handed slepton LOSPs evaporate, while LHC limits on stop LOSPs weaken to ∼ 350 ÷ 410 GeV compared to ∼ 700 GeV for a stop decaying to a massless LSP. Similarly, for the searches we consider, present limits on direct production of degenerate first and second generation squarks drop to ∼ 450 GeV compared to ∼ 800 GeV for a squark decaying to a massless LSP. Auto-concealment typically works for a fundamental gravitational scale of M * ∼ 10 ÷ 100 TeV, a scale sufficiently high that traditional searches for signatures of extra dimensions are mostly avoided. If superpartners are discovered, their prompt, displaced, or stopped decays can also provide new search opportunities for extra dimensions with the potential to reach M * ∼ 10 9 GeV. This mechanism applies more generally than just SUSY theories, pertaining to any theory where there is a discrete quantum number shared by both brane and bulk sectors
F-theory on singular spaces

We propose a framework for treating F-theory directly, without resolving or deforming its singularities. This allows us to explore new sectors of gauge theories, including exotic bound states such as T-branes, in a global context. We use the mathematical framework known as Eisenbud’s matrix factorizations for hypersurface singularities. We display the usefulness of this technique by way of examples, including affine singularities of both conifold and orbifold type, as well as a class of full-fledged compact elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds
Z-portal dark matter

We propose to generalize the extensions of the Standard   Model where the Z boson serves as a mediator between the Standard   Model sector and the dark sector χ. We show that, like in the   Higgs portal case, the combined constraints from the recent direct   searches restrict severely the nature of the coupling of the dark   matter to the Z boson and set a limit mχ ≳ 200 GeV   (except in a very narrow region around the Z-pole region).  Using   complementarity between spin dependent, spin independent and FERMI   limits, we predict the nature of this coupling, more specifically   the axial/vectorial ratio that respects a thermal dark matter   coupled through a Z-portal while not being excluded by the current   observations.  We also show that the next generation of experiments   of the type LZ or XENON1T will test Z-portal scenario for dark   matter mass up to 2 TeV . The condition of a thermal dark matter   naturally predicts the spin-dependent scattering cross section on   the neutron to be σSDχn ≃ 10−40 cm2,   which then becomes a clear prediction of the model and a signature   testable in the near future experiments
Socio-economic position and subjective health and well-being among older people in Europe: a systematic narrative review

Objectives: Previous studies of older European populations have established that disability and morbidity vary with indicators of socio-economic position (SEP). We undertook a systematic narrative review of the literature to ascertain to what extent there is evidence of similar inequalities in the subjective health and well-being of older people in Europe.  Method: Relevant original research articles were searched for using Medline, Global Health, Embase, Social Policy and Practice, Cinahl, Web of Science and IBSS. We included studies of SEP and indicators of subjective health and well-being (self-rated health; life satisfaction; quality of life) conducted since 1991 using population based samples of older people in Europe and published 1995-2013. Results: A total of 71 studies were identified. Poorer SEP was associated with poorer subjective health and well-being. Associations varied somewhat depending on the SEP measure and subjective health and well-being outcome used. Associations were weaker when social support and health related behaviours were adjusted for suggesting that these factors mediate the relationship between SEP and subjective health and well-being. Associations tended to be weaker in the oldest age groups. The patterns of associations by gender were not consistent and tended to diminish after adjusting for indicators of health and life circumstances.  Conclusion: The results of this systematic narrative review of the literature demonstrate the importance of social influences on later life subjective health and well-being and indicate areas which need further investigation, such as more studies from Eastern Europe, more longitudinal studies and more research on the role of mediating factors
Palladium-catalyzed selective α-arylation of ortho -bromoacetophenones

Synthesis of 1-(2-bromophenyl)-2-phenylethanones via an intermolecular Pd-catalyzed α-arylation of 1-(2-bromophenyl)ethanones is presented. The method relies on selective C-H activation (α-arylation) of relatively more reactive external iodo-arenes as coupling partners without affecting the bromo-substituent. Moreover, the scope and generality of the method has been well studied by employing the reaction with iodo-arenes as coupling partners bearing electron-withdrawing, simple, and electron-donating groups on the aromatic ring
Lattice dynamics and migration enthalpies in CoPt3 and FePd

The frequencies of the normal modes of vibration of CoPt3 and FePd single crystals have been measured using inelastic neutron scattering. The measurements were performed in the L12 ordered phase (at 300 and 930 K) for CoPt3 and in the L10 ordered phase (at 300 and 860 K) for FePd. Dispersion curves were also measured in the fcc disordered states, at 1060 and 1020 K for CoPt3 and FePd, respectively. The activation enthalpy of atomic migration has been evaluated from the phonon density of states by applying Schober's model [H. R. Schober et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 4, 9321 (1992)] and its extension to the L12 ordered structure. The phonon properties of FePd3 reported in the literature have been analyzed similarly and are compared with the results for CoPt3 and FePd. The contribution of the long-range order to the migration enthalpy estimated in the present analyses agrees well in magnitude with the previous evaluation by Monte Carlo simulation for alloys of the fcc, L12, and L10 structures
Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: A quantitative approach for Spain

Climate change is an important environmental problem and one whose economic implications are many and varied. This paper starts with the presumption that mitigation of greenhouse gases is a necessary policy that has to be designed in a cost effective way. It is well known that market instruments are the best option for cost effectiveness. But the discussion regarding which of the various market instruments should be used, how they may interact and what combinations of policies should be implemented is still open and very lively. In this paper we propose a combination of instruments: the marketable emission permits already in place in Europe for major economic sectors and a CO2 tax for economic sectors not included in the emissions permit scheme. The study uses an applied general equilibrium model for the Spanish economy to compute the results obtained with the new mix of instruments proposed. As the combination of the market for emission permits and the CO2 tax admits different possibilities that depend on how the mitigation is distributed among the economic sectors, we concentrate on four possibilities: cost-effective, equalitarian, proportional to emissions, and proportional to output distributions. Other alternatives to the CO2 tax are also analysed (tax on energy, on oil and on electricity). Our findings suggest that careful, well designed policies are needed as any deviation imposes significant additional costs that increase more than proportionally to the level of emissions reduction targeted by the EU
QUESTIONS OF EVIDENCE IN EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY

Evidence-based approaches to policy making are growing in popularity. A generally embraced view is that with appropriate evidence at hand decision and policy making will be optimal, legitimate and publicly accountable. In practice, however, evidence based policy making is constrained by a variety of problems concerning the very concept of evidence. Some of these problems are explored in this article, in the context of the debates on what counts as evidence and how to use it, from which they originate. It is argued that the source of much disagreement might be a failure to addressing crucial philosophical assumptions which inform, often tacitly, these debates. Three controversial questions are raised which appear central to some of the challenges faced at present by evidence-based policy making: firstly, how do certain facts candidate themselves as evidence; secondly, how can be decided what evidence we have, and how much of it; thirdly, how can we combine different types of evidence. By exploring these questions it is shown how, against common wisdom, informing the discussion on evidence based policy by philosophical analysis proves instrumental (and indeed useful) to claryfying and settling difficulties in practice
Nafion® as advanced immobilisation substrate
for the voltammetric analysis of electroactive microparticles:
the case of some artistic colouring agents

Voltammetry of microparticles is applied to characterise
and to identify solid analytes of interest in the field
of cultural heritage. Nafion® is used for the immobilisation
of solid microparticles onto the surface of a glassy carbon
electrode by exploiting the deposition onto the electrode
surface of a micro-volume of a suspension of the microsample
in polymeric solution. Cyclic voltammetry and
square wave voltammetry are applied to characterise and
to identify the microparticles immobilised in the Nafion®
coating. The analyte studied in this work is Prussian Blue as
a typical inorganic pigment, with a relatively simple electrochemical
behaviour. The proposed method is applied to a
sample of Venetian marmorino plaster. The performance of
Nafion® for this analysis is compared with that of the
polymer Paraloid B72
Electron-neutrino scattering off nuclei from two different theoretical
  perspectives

We analyze charged-current electron-neutrino cross sections on Carbon. We
consider two different theoretical approaches, on one hand the Continuum Random
Phase Approximation (CRPA) which allows a description of giant resonances and
quasielastic excitations, on the other hand the RPA-based calculations which
are able to describe multinucleon emission and coherent and incoherent pion
production as well as quasielastic excitations. We compare the two approaches
in the genuine quasielastic channel, and find a satisfactory agreement between
them at large energies while at low energies the collective giant resonances
show up only in the CRPA approach. We also compare electron-neutrino cross
sections with the corresponding muon-neutrino ones in order to investigate the
impact of the different charged-lepton masses. Finally, restricting to the
RPA-based approach we compare the sum of quasielastic, multinucleon emission,
coherent and incoherent one-pion production cross sections (folded with the
electron-neutrino T2K flux) with the charged-current inclusive
electron-neutrino differential cross sections on Carbon measured by T2K. We
find a good agreement with the data. The multinucleon component is needed in
order to reproduce the T2K electron-neutrino inclusive cross sections