pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal associations of road traffic noise and air pollution in London : implications for epidemiological studies

Road traffic gives rise to noise and air pollution exposures, both of which are associated with adverse health effects especially for cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms may differ. Understanding the variability in correlations between these pollutants is essential to understand better their separate and joint effects on human health. We explored associations between modelled noise and air pollutants using different spatial units and area characteristics in London in 2003-2010. We modelled annual average exposures to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h, Lden, LAeq,16h, Lnight) for ~190,000 postcode centroids in London using the UK Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) method. We used a dispersion model (KCLurban) to model nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, total and the traffic-only component of particulate matter ≤2.5μm and ≤10μm. We analysed noise and air pollution correlations at the postcode level (~50 people), postcodes stratified by London Boroughs (~240,000 people), neighbourhoods (Lower layer Super Output Areas) (~1600 people), 1km grid squares, air pollution tertiles, 50m, 100m and 200m in distance from major roads and by deprivation tertiles. Across all London postcodes, we observed overall moderate correlations between modelled noise and air pollution that were stable over time (Spearman's rho range: |0.34-0.55|). Correlations, however, varied considerably depending on the spatial unit: largest ranges were seen in neighbourhoods and 1km grid squares (both Spearman's rho range: |0.01-0.87|) and was less for Boroughs (Spearman's rho range: |0.21-0.78|). There was little difference in correlations between exposure tertiles, distance from road or deprivation tertiles. Associations between noise and air pollution at the relevant geographical unit of analysis need to be carefully considered in any epidemiological analysis, in particular in complex urban areas. Low correlations near roads, however, suggest that independent effects of road noise and traffic-related air pollution can be reliably determined within London
Efficient genome editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-Cas system

In bacteria, foreign nucleic acids are silenced by clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)--CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems. Bacterial type II CRISPR systems have been adapted to create guide RNAs that direct site-specific DNA cleavage by the Cas9 endonuclease in cultured cells. Here we show that the CRISPR-Cas system functions in vivo to induce targeted genetic modifications in zebrafish embryos with efficiencies similar to those obtained using zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases
Detection of the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303 in a low flux state at Very High Energy gamma-rays with the MAGIC Telesopes in 2009

We present very high energy (VHE, E &gt; 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of the high mass X-ray binary system LS I +61 303 obtained with the MAGIC stereo system between 2009 October and 2010 January. We detect a 6.3 sigma gamma-ray signal above 400 GeV in the combined data set. The integral flux above an energy of 300 GeV is F (E &gt; 300 GeV) = (1.4 +- 0.3 stat +- 0.4 syst) * 10^(−12) cm^(−2) s^(−1) , which corresponds to about 1.3% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range. The orbit-averaged flux of LS I +61 303 in the orbital phase interval 0.6–0.7, where there is a maximum of the TeV flux, is lower by almost an order of magnitude compared to our previous measurements between 2005 September and 2008 January. This provides evidence for a new low emission state in LS I +61 303. We find that the change in the emission state can not be explained by an increase of photon-photon absorption around the compact star
Multifrequency studies of the Peculiar Quasar 4C +21.35 during the 2010 flaring activity

The discovery of rapidly variable Very High Energy (VHE ; E &gt; 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+216) by MAGIC on 2010 June 17, triggered by the high activity detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in high energy (HE ; E &gt; 100 MeV) gamma-rays, poses intriguing questions on the location of the gamma-ray emitting region in this flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). We present multifrequency data of 4C +21.35 collected from centimeter to VHE during 2010 to investigate the properties of this source and discuss a possible emission model. The first hint of detection at VHE was observed by MAGIC on 2010 May 3, soon after a gamma-ray flare detected by Fermi-LAT that peaked on April 29. The same emission mechanism may therefore be responsible for both the HE and VHE emission during the 2010 flaring episodes. Two optical peaks were detected on 2010 April 20 and June 30, close in time but not simultaneous with the two gamma-ray peaks, while no clear connection was observed between the X-ray an gamma-ray emission. An increasing flux density was observed in radio and mm bands from the beginning of 2009, in accordance with the increasing gamma-ray activity observed by Fermi-LAT, and peaking on 2011 January 27 in the mm regime (230 GHz). We model the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 4C +21.35 for the two periods of the VHE detection and a quiescent state, using a one-zone model with the emission coming from a very compact region outside the broad line region. The three SEDs can be fit with a combination of synchrotron self-Compton and external Compton emission of seed photons from a dust torus, changing only the electron distribution parameters between the epochs. The fit of the optical/UV part of the spectrum for 2010 April 29 seems to favor an inner disk radius of &lt;6 gravitational radii, as one would expect from a prograde-rotating Kerr black hole
The regularization and determination of the Yang–Mills vacuum wave functional in three dimensions at (e2)

We complete the computation of the Yang–Mills vacuum wave functional in three dimensions at weak coupling with (e2) precision. We use two different methods to solve the functional Schrödinger equation. One of them generalizes to (e2) the method followed by Hatfield at (e) [1]. The other uses the weak coupling version of the gauge invariant formulation of the Schrödinger equation and the ground-state wave functional followed by Karabali, Nair, and Yelnikov [2]. These methods need to be carefully regularized to yield correct results. This is done in this paper with full detail
a MC fast : automation of fast NLO computations for PDF fits

We present the interface between M ad G raph 5_ a MC@NLO, a self-contained program that calculates cross sections up to next-to-leading order accuracy in an automated manner, and APPL grid , a code that parametrises such cross sections in the form of look-up tables which can be used for the fast computations needed in the context of PDF fits. The main characteristic of this interface, which we dub a MC fast , is its being fully automated as well, which removes the need to extract manually the process-specific information for additional physics processes, as is the case with other matrix-element calculators, and renders it straightforward to include any new process in the PDF fits. We demonstrate this by studying several cases which are easily measured at the LHC, have a good constraining power on PDFs, and some of which were previously unavailable in the form of a fast interface
Holographic entropy and Calabi’s diastasis

The entanglement entropy for interfaces and junctions of two-dimensional CFTs is evaluated on holographically dual half-BPS solutions to six-dimensional Type 4b supergravity with m anti-symmetric tensor supermultiplets. It is shown that the moduli space for an N -junction solution projects to N points in the Kähler manifold SO(2 , m ) / (SO(2) × SO( m )). For N =2 the interface entropy is expressed in terms of the central charge and Calabi’s diastasis function on SO(2 , m ) / (SO(2) × SO( m )), thereby lending support from holography to a proposal of Bachas, Brunner, Douglas, and Rastelli. For N =3, the entanglement entropy for a 3-junction decomposes into a sum of diastasis functions between pairs, weighed by combinations of the three central charges, provided the flux charges are all parallel to one another or, more generally, provided the space of flux charges is orthogonal to the space of unattracted scalars. Under similar assumptions for N ≥4, the entanglement entropy for the N -junction solves a variational problem whose data consist of the N central charges, and the diastasis function evaluated between pairs of N asymptotic AdS 3 × S 3 regions
Subleading terms in the collinear limit of Yang–Mills amplitudes

For two massless particles i and j , the collinear limit is a special kinematic configuration in which the particles propagate with parallel four-momentum vectors, with the total momentum P distributed as pi=xP and pj=(1−x)P , so that sij≡(pi+pj)2=P2=0 . In Yang–Mills theory, if i and j are among N gauge bosons participating in a scattering process, it is well known that the partial amplitudes associated to the (single trace) group factors with adjacent i and j are singular in the collinear limit and factorize at the leading order into (N−1) -particle amplitudes times the universal, x -dependent Altarelli–Parisi factors. We give a precise definition of the collinear limit and show that at the tree level, the subleading, non-singular terms are related to the amplitudes with a single graviton inserted instead of two collinear gauge bosons. To that end, we argue that in one-graviton Einstein–Yang–Mills amplitudes, the graviton with momentum P can be replaced by a pair of collinear gauge bosons carrying arbitrary momentum fractions xP and (1−x)P
Deuteron–deuteron scattering above four-nucleon breakup threshold

Deuteron–deuteron elastic scattering and transfer reactions in the energy regime above four-nucleon breakup threshold are described by solving exact four-particle equations for transition operators. Several realistic nuclear interaction models are used, including the one with effective many-nucleon forces generated by the explicit Δ-isobar excitation; the Coulomb force between protons is taken into account as well. Differential cross sections, deuteron analyzing powers, outgoing nucleon polarization, and deuteron-to-neutron polarization transfer coefficients are calculated at 10 MeV deuteron energy. Overall good agreement with the experimental data is found. The importance of breakup channels is demonstrated
Extension of the Poincaré group with half-integer spin generators: hypergravity and beyond

An extension of the Poincaré group with half-integer spin generators is explicitly constructed. We start discussing the case of three spacetime dimensions, and as an application, it is shown that hypergravity can be formulated so as to incorporate this structure as its local gauge symmetry. Since the algebra admits a nontrivial Casimir operator, the theory can be described in terms of gauge fields associated to the extension of the Poincaré group with a Chern-Simons action. The algebra is also shown to admit an infinite-dimensional non-linear extension, that in the case of fermionic spin-3/2 generators, corresponds to a subset of a contraction of two copies of WB 2 . Finally, we show how the Poincaré group can be extended with half-integer spin generators for d ≥ 3 dimensions
Stochastic resonance in an extended FitzHugh-Nagumo system: The role of selected coupling

9 pageHere we present a study of stochastic resonance (SR) in an extended FitzHugh Nagumo system with a field dependent activator diffusion. We show that the system response (here measured through the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) is enhanced due to the particular form of the non-homogeneous coupling. Such a result supports previous ones obtained in a simpler scalar reaction-diffusion system and shows that such an enhancement, induced by the field dependent diffusion -or selective coupling-, is a robust phenomenon.HSW thanks the European Commission for the award of a Marie Curie Chair at the Universidad de Cantabria, Spain
Search for a heavy gauge boson W  in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

19 páginas, 4 figuras, 2 tablas.-- Open access: \ud
This article is pdistributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\ud
License 3.0.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A search for a heavy gauge boson W' has been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC in the decay\ud
channel with an electron and large transverse energy imbalance Emiss\ud
T , using proton–proton collision data\ud
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. No excess above standard model expectations\ud
is seen in the transverse mass distribution of the electron-Emiss\ud
T system. Assuming standard-model-like\ud
couplings and decay branching fractions, a W' boson with a mass less than 1.36 TeV/c2 is excluded at\ud
95% confidence level.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria);\ud
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP\ud
(Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and\ud
DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU\ud
(Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI\ud
(Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR\ud
(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE\ud
(Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding\ud
Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey);\ud
STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer reviewe
HypoDD relocated seismicity in northern Apennines (Italy) preceding the 2013 seismic unrest: seismotectonics implications for the Lunigiana-Garfagnana area

We present the results of a study aimed at defining the geometry and kinematics of
seismogenic volumes and structures of the Lunigiana-Garfagnana region (northwestern
Apennines) as depicted by background seismicity recorded before the seismic
crisis of 2013. In this analysis we profited from earthquakes located with the high
precision algorithm HypoDD and the availability of a large set of focal mechanisms.
The obtained data set of well-located hypocentres allowed us to define some previouslyunknown,
or only poorly-defined, geometric characteristics. We also confirmed, with
a finer detail, some already-known first order features such as the presence of two
NW-SE-trending zones of seismicity, west and east of the Apennine water divide,
separated by a low seismicity corridor. The main findings of this study are: 1) most
of the seismicity of the western zone is located in the Lunigiana graben, north-NW of
the Apuane Alps; 2) at depth, the Lunigiana seismicity deepens to the east parallel to
the top of the basement, which in turn coincides with an extensional detachment (~30°
E-dipping); and 3) the Lunigiana seismicity terminates southwards with a dense cluster
of epicentres oriented nearly E-W, parallel to the transfer fault zone that delimits the
Apuane Alps to the north; south of this cluster, a strong reduction of seismicity is
observed and the locations are shifted to the eastern sector. These findings might help
in interpreting the seismotectonics of the 1481, 1837, 1920 and 1995 earthquakes, all
located within the E-W-trending cluster at the southern termination of the Lunigiana
seismicity
Rapid measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in human biological matrices using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Interaction of reactive oxygen species with DNA results in a variety of modifications, including 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), which has been extensively studied as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is implicated in a number of pathophysiological processes relevant to obstetrics and gynecology; however, there is a lack of understanding as to the precise role of oxidative stress in these processes. We aimed to develop a rapid, validated assay for the accurate quantification of 8-oxodG in human urine using solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and then investigate the levels of 8-oxodG in several fluids of interest to obstetrics and gynecology. Using UHPLC-MS/MS, 8-oxodG eluted after 3.94 min with an RSD for 15 injections of 0.07%. The method was linear between 0.95 and 95 nmol/L with LOD and LOQ of 5 and 25 fmol on-column, respectively. Accuracy and precision were 98.7-101.0 and <10%, respectively, over three concentrations of 8-oxodG. Recovery from urine was 88% with intra- and interday variations of 4.0 and 10.2%, respectively. LOQ from urine was 0.9 pmol/ml. Rank order from the greatest to lowest 8-oxodG concentration was urine>seminal plasma>amniotic fluid>plasma>serum>peritoneal fluid, and it was not detected in saliva. Urine concentrations normalized to creatinine (n=15) ranged between 0.55 and 1.95 pmol/μmol creatinine. We describe, for the first time, 8-oxodG concentrations in human seminal plasma, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, as well as in urine, plasma, and serum, using a rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method that will further facilitate biomonitoring of oxidative stress.This work was, in part, supported by Biotage Sweden AB and the Medical Research Council via a People Exchange Programme Research Leader Fellowship Award (G1001808/98136) to M.S. Cooke.11204
Searches for heavy diboson resonances in $pp$ collisions at
  $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches for new heavy resonances decaying to $WW$, $WZ$, and $ZZ$ bosons are
presented, using a data sample corresponding to 3.2 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN
Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting $\nu\nu qq$, $\ell\nu qq$, $\ell\ell
qq$ and $qqqq$ final states are combined, searching for a narrow-width
resonance with mass between 500 and 3000 GeV. The discriminating variable is
either an invariant mass or a transverse mass. No significant deviations from
the Standard Model predictions are observed. Three benchmark models are tested:
a model predicting the existence of a new heavy scalar singlet, a simplified
model predicting a heavy vector-boson triplet, and a bulk Randall-Sundrum model
with a heavy spin-2 graviton. Cross-section limits are set at the 95%
confidence level and are compared to theoretical cross-section predictions for
a variety of models. The data exclude a scalar singlet with mass below 2650
GeV, a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 2600 GeV, and a graviton with
mass below 1100 GeV. These results significantly extend the previous limits set
using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV.Comment: 29 pages plus author list + cover pages (46 pages total), 8 figures,
  5 tables, published in JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2016-01
Cross-region reduction in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in Alzheimer's disease brain.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, N.I.H., ExtramuralResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tEpigenetic processes play a key role in the central nervous system and altered levels of 5-methylcytosine have been associated with a number of neurologic phenotypes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, 3 additional cytosine modifications have been identified (5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine), which are thought to be intermediate steps in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine to unmodified cytosine. Little is known about the frequency of these modifications in the human brain during health or disease. In this study, we used immunofluorescence to confirm the presence of each modification in human brain and investigate their cross-tissue abundance in AD patients and elderly control samples. We identify a significant AD-associated decrease in global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in entorhinal cortex and cerebellum, and differences in 5-formylcytosine levels between brain regions. Our study further implicates a role for epigenetic alterations in AD.US National Institutes of Health (NIH
How Do Elderly Poor Prognosis Patients Tolerate Palliative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced NoneSmall Cell Lung Cancer Stage III? A Subset Analysis From a Clinical Phase III Trial

Published version also available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2014.08.005>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2014.08.005</a>In a phase III trial of patients with unresectable stage III nonesmall-cell lung cancer and a poor prognosis,
palliative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) provided a significantly better outcome than chemotherapy
alone, except among performance status 2 patients. The results of the present exploratory subgroup analysis
indicate that elderly patients with poor prognosis can also experience health-related quality of life and survival
benefits from CRT, provided the treatment modalities have been adapted to a palliative setting.
Background: In a phase III trial of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, stage III nonesmall-cell lung
cancer (NSCLC) with a poor prognosis, palliative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) provided a significantly
better outcome than chemotherapy alone, except among performance status (PS) 2 patients. In the present
subgroup analysis, we evaluated the effect on patients aged   70 years (42% of all included) compared with
patients aged < 70 years enrolled in the trial. Patients and Methods: All patients received 4 courses of intravenous
carboplatin and oral vinorelbine. The experimental arm also received radiotherapy (42 Gy in 15 fractions). The
included patients were required to have large tumors (> 8 cm), weight loss (> 10% within the previous 6 months)
and/or PS 2. Results: The overall survival was increased among the CRT patients in both age groups, but the
difference was significant only in patients aged < 70 years (median survival, 14.8 vs. 9.7 months; P ¼ .001; age
  70 years, median survival, 10.2 vs. 9.1 months; P ¼ .09). Patients aged   70 years experienced better preserved
health-related quality of life (QOL) and significantly less hematologic toxicity. The 2- and 3-year survival was
significantly increased in both age groups receiving CRT. Conclusion: Elderly patients aged   70 years with
unresectable, stage III, locally advanced, NSLCL and a poor prognosis can tolerate CRT with the doses adjusted
to age and palliative intent. These results indicate that CRT can provide both survival and QOL benefits in elderly
patients, except for those with PS 2 or worse. The male predominance in the   70-year-age group and the reduced
chemotherapy intensity for the patients aged > 75 years might explain the lack of significant survival improvement
among those patients aged   70 years
COMPASS results on Transverse single-spin asymmetries

New results on single spin asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on a transversely polarised LiD target are presented. The data were taken in the years 2002, 2003 and 2004 with the COMPASS spectrometer using the muon beam of the CERN SPS at 160 GeV/c. Preliminary results are given for the Sivers asymmetry and for all the three ``quark polarimeters'' presently used in COMPASS to measure the transversity distributions. The Collins and the Sivers asymmetries for charged hadrons turn out to be compatible with zero, within the small (~1%) statistical errors, at variance with the results from HERMES on a transversely polarised proton target. Similar results have been obtained for the two hadron asymmetries and for the Lambda polarisation. First attempts to describe the Collins and the Sivers asymmetries measured by COMPASS and HERMES allow to give a consistent picture of these transverse spin effects