pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Hot subdwarf stars in close-up view IV. Helium abundances and the 3He isotopic anomaly of subdwarf B stars

Atmospheric parameters and helium abundances of 44 bright subdwarf B stars have been determined. More than half of our sample
consists of newly discovered stars from the Edinburgh Cape survey. We showed that effective temperatures and surface gravities can
be derived from high resolution echelle spectra with sufficient accuracy. Systematic uncertainties have been determined by comparing
the parameters derived from the high resolution data with the ones derived from medium resolution spectra. Helium abundances have
been measured with high accuracy. Besides the known correlation of helium abundance with temperature, two distinct sequences in
helium abundance have been confirmed. Significant isotopic shifts of helium lines due to an enrichment in 3He have been found in
the spectra of 8 subluminous B stars (sdBs). Most of these stars cluster in a small temperature range between 27 000K and 31 000K
very similar to the known 3He-rich main sequence B stars, which also cluster in such a small strip, but at different temperatures. Both
the helium sequences and the isotopic anomaly are discussed.Web of Scienc
Effects of vitamin D on cardiac function in patients with chronic HF: the VINDICATE study

Background: patients with chronic heart failure (HF) secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are frequently deficient in vitamin D. Low vitamin D levels are associated with a worse prognosis. Objectives: the VINDICATE (VitamIN D treatIng patients with Chronic heArT failurE) study was undertaken to establish safety and efficacy of high-dose 25 (OH) vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation in patients with chronic HF due to LVSD. Methods: we enrolled 229 patients (179 men) with chronic HF due to LVSD and vitamin D deficiency (cholecalciferol <50 nmol/l {\ensuremath{<}}20 ng/ml). Participants were allocated to 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation (4,000 IU 100 {\ensuremath{\mu}}g daily) or matching non?calcium-based placebo. The primary endpoint was change in 6-minute walk distance between baseline and 12 months. Secondary endpoints included change in LV ejection fraction at 1 year, and safety measures of renal function and serum calcium concentration assessed every 3 months. Results: one year of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation did not improve 6-min walk distance at 1 year, but was associated with a significant improvement in cardiac function (LV ejection fraction +6.07\% 95\% confidence interval (CI): 3.20 to 8.95; p {\ensuremath{<}} 0.0001); and a reversal of LV remodeling (LV end diastolic diameter -2.49 mm 95\% CI: -4.09 to -0.90; p = 0.002 and LV end systolic diameter -2.09 mm 95\% CI: -4.11 to -0.06 p = 0.043). Conclusions: one year of 100 {\ensuremath{\mu}}g daily vitamin D3 supplementation does not improve 6-min walk distance but has beneficial effects on LV structure and function in patients on contemporary optimal medical therapy. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these translate to improvements in outcomes
A Dominant Mutation in the Gene Encoding the Erythroid Transcription Factor KLF1 Causes a Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia

The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are inherited red blood cell disorders whose hallmarks are ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and morphological abnormalities of erythroblasts in bone marrow. We have identified a missense mutation in KLF1 of patients with a hitherto unclassified CDA. KLF1 is an erythroid transcription factor, and extensive studies in mouse models have shown that it plays a critical role in the expression of globin genes, but also in the expression of a wide spectrum of genes potentially essential for erythropoiesis. The unique features of this CDA confirm the key role of KLF1 during human erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, we show that the mutation has a dominant-negative effect on KLF1 transcriptional activity and unexpectedly abolishes the expression of the water channel AQP1 and the adhesion molecule CD44. Thus, the study of this disease-causing mutation in KLF1 provides further insights into the roles of this transcription factor during erythropoiesis in humans
The role of FL(x,Q2) in parton analyses

AbstractWe investigate the effect of the structure function FL in global parton analyses of deep inelastic and related hard scattering data. We perform NLO and NNLO analyses which include the reduced cross-section HERA data at high y, as well as earlier direct measurements of FL. We find that the NNLO analysis gives a better description of FL at low x than that performed at NLO. Nevertheless the data show evidence of the need of further contributions to FL, which may be of higher-twist origin. We study such corrections both phenomenologically and theoretically via a renormalon approach. The higher-twist corrections extracted from a successful fit to the data are in general agreement with the theoretical expectations, but there is still room for alternative theoretical contributions, particularly at low x and Q2. The importance of future measurements of FL is emphasized
Interaction between parental psychosis and early motor development and the risk of schizophrenia in a general population birth cohort

AbstractBackgroundDelayed motor development in infancy and family history of psychosis are both associated with increased risk of schizophrenia, but their interaction is largely unstudied.AimTo investigate the association of the age of achieving motor milestones and parental psychosis and their interaction in respect to risk of schizophrenia.MethodsWe used data from the general population-based prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n=10,283). Developmental information of the cohort members was gathered during regular visits to Finnish child welfare clinics. Several registers were used to determine the diagnosis of schizophrenia among the cohort members and psychosis among the parents. Altogether 152 (1.5%) individuals had schizophrenia by the age of 46 years, with 23 (15.1%) of them having a parent with psychosis. Cox regression analysis was used in analyses.ResultsParental psychosis was associated (P<0.05) with later achievement of holding the head up, grabbing an object, and walking without support. In the parental psychosis group, the risk for schizophrenia was increased if holding the head up (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.46; degrees of freedom [df]=1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07–5.66) and touching the thumb with the index finger (HR: 1.84; df=1; 95% CI: 1.11–3.06) was later. In the group without parental psychosis, a delay in the following milestones increased the risk of schizophrenia: standing without support and walking without support. Parental psychosis had an interaction with delayed touching thumb with index finger (HR: 1.87; df=1; 95% CI: 1.08–3.25) when risk of schizophrenia was investigated.ConclusionsParental psychosis was associated with achieving motor milestones later in infancy, particularly the milestones that appear early in a child's life. Parental psychosis and touching the thumb with the index finger had a significant interaction on risk of schizophrenia. Genetic risk for psychosis may interact with delayed development to raise future risk of schizophrenia, or delayed development may be a marker of other risk processes that interact with genetic liability to cause later schizophrenia
Absorption cross-sections of hole polarons in glassy and β-phase polyfluorene

AbstractAbsorption induced by electrochemically injected holes is studied in poly-9,9-dioctylfluorene (PFO) films. Injected charges form positive polarons which are delocalised over four fluorene units in the glassy phase and about seven fluorene units in its β-phase. Polaron absorption cross-sections at the 640nm peak are similar to the published values of chemically reduced oligofluorenes in solution. The absorption cross-section of polaron in the β-phase at 470nm is about eight times smaller than the stimulated emission cross-section derived from published data. This indicates that β-phase-rich PFO is an attractive candidate for a light-emitting layer in double-heterostructure organic laser diodes
Electrocardiographic Parameters and Fatal Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Brugada Syndrome Combination of Depolarization and Repolarization Abnormalities

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the usefulness of the combination of several electrocardiographic markers on risk assessment of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS).BackgroundDetection of high-/low-risk BrS patients using a noninvasive method is an important issue in the clinical setting. Several electrocardiographic markers related to depolarization and repolarization abnormalities have been reported, but the relationship and usefulness of these parameters in VF events are unclear.MethodsBaseline characteristics of 246 consecutive patients (236 men; mean age, 47.6 ± 13.6 years) with a Brugada-type electrocardiogram, including 13 patients with a history of VF and 40 patients with a history of syncope episodes, were retrospectively analyzed. During the mean follow-up period of 45.1 months, VF in 23 patients and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 1 patient were observed. Clinical/genetic and electrocardiographic parameters were compared with VF/SCD events.ResultsOn univariate analysis, a history of VF and syncope episodes, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, spontaneous type 1 pattern in the precordial leads, and electrocardiographic markers of depolarization abnormalities (QRS duration ≥120 ms, and fragmented QRS [f-QRS]) and those of repolarization abnormalities (inferolateral early repolarization [ER] pattern and QT prolongation) were associated with later cardiac events. On multivariable analysis, a history of VF and syncope episodes, inferolateral ER pattern, and f-QRS were independent predictors of documented VF and SCD (odds ratios: 19.61, 28.57, 2.87, and 5.21, respectively; p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the presence/absence of inferolateral ER and f-QRS predicted a worse/better prognosis (log-rank test, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe combination of depolarization and repolarization abnormalities in BrS is associated with later VF events. The combination of these abnormalities is useful for detecting high- and low-risk BrS patients
The Human Phenotype Ontology: Semantic Unification of Common and Rare Disease

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is widely used in the rare disease community for differential diagnostics, phenotype-driven analysis of next-generation sequence-variation data, and translational research, but a comparable resource has not been available for common disease. Here, we have developed a concept-recognition procedure that analyzes the frequencies of HPO disease annotations as identified in over five million PubMed abstracts by employing an iterative procedure to optimize precision and recall of the identified terms. We derived disease models for 3,145 common human diseases comprising a total of 132,006 HPO annotations. The HPO now comprises over 250,000 phenotypic annotations for over 10,000 rare and common diseases and can be used for examining the phenotypic overlap among common diseases that share risk alleles, as well as between Mendelian diseases and common diseases linked by genomic location. The annotations, as well as the HPO itself, are freely available
Dominant mixed QCD-electroweak O(αsα) corrections to Drell–Yan processes in the resonance region

AbstractA precise theoretical description of W- and Z-boson production in the resonance region is essential for the correct interpretation of high-precision measurements of the W-boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle. Currently, the largest unknown fixed-order contribution is given by the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections of O(αsα). We argue, using the framework of the pole expansion for the NNLO QCD-electroweak corrections established in a previous paper, that the numerically dominant corrections arise from the combination of large QCD corrections to the production with the large electroweak corrections to the decay of the W/Z boson. We calculate these so-called factorizable corrections of “initial–final” type and estimate the impact on the W-boson mass extraction. We compare our results to simpler approximate combinations of electroweak and QCD corrections in terms of naive products of NLO QCD and electroweak correction factors and using leading-logarithmic approximations for QED final-state radiation as provided by the structure-function approach or QED parton-shower programs. We also compute corrections of “final–final” type, which are given by finite counterterms to the leptonic vector-boson decays and are found to be numerically negligible
X(3872) production and absorption in a hot hadron gas

AbstractWe calculate the time evolution of the X(3872) abundance in the hot hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy ion collisions. We use effective field Lagrangians to obtain the production and dissociation cross sections of X(3872). In this evaluation we include diagrams involving the anomalous couplings πD⁎D¯⁎ and XD¯⁎D⁎ and also the couplings of the X(3872) with charged D and D⁎ mesons. With these new terms the X(3872) interaction cross sections are much larger than those found in previous works. Using these cross sections as input in rate equations, we conclude that during the expansion and cooling of the hadronic gas, the number of X(3872), originally produced at the end of the mixed QGP/hadron gas phase, is reduced by a factor of 4
Noninvasive regional cerebral oxygen saturation for neurological prognostication of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A prospective multicenter observational study

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) at hospital arrival and neurological outcomes at 90 days in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsThe Japan-Prediction of neurological Outcomes in patients post cardiac arrest (J-POP) registry is a prospective, multicenter, cohort study to test whether rSO2 predicts neurological outcomes after OHCA. We measured rSO2 in OHCA patients immediately after hospital arrival using a near-infrared spectrometer placed on the forehead with non-blinded fashion. The primary endpoint was “neurological outcomes” at 90 days after OHCA.ResultsEMS providers are not permitted to terminate CPR in the field in Japan, and so most patients with OHCA who are treated by EMS personnel are transported to emergency hospitals. Among 1017 OHCA patients, 672 patients including 52 comatose patients with pulses detectable (8%) and 620 cardiac arrest patients (92%) at hospital arrival were enrolled prospectively and consecutively. Twenty-nine patients with good neurological outcome had a significantly higher value of rSO2 at hospital arrival than 643 patients with poor neurological outcome (mean [±SD] 55.6±20.8% vs. 19.7±11.0%, p<0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis indicated an optimal rSO2 cutoff point of >42% for predicting good neurological outcome, with sensitivity 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–0.92), specificity 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93–0.96), positive predictive value, 0.41 (95% CI, 0.28–0.55), negative predictive value, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–1.00), and area under the curve 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88–0.92).ConclusionThe rSO2 at hospital arrival can predict good neurological outcome at 90 days after OHCA
The transition to a layered phase in the anisotropic five-dimensional SU(2) Yang–Mills theory

AbstractWe extend to large lattices the work of a previous investigation of the phase diagram of the anisotropic five-dimensional SU(2) Yang–Mills model using Monte Carlo simulations in the regime where the lattice spacing in the fifth dimension is larger than in the other four dimensions. We find a first order phase transition between the confining and deconfining phase at the anisotropic parameter point β4=2.60 which was previously claimed to be the critical point at which the order of the transition changes from first to second. We conclude that large lattices are required to establish the first order nature of this line of transitions and consequently that the scenario of dimensional reduction of the five-dimensional theory to a continuum four-dimensional theory via the existence of the so-called “layer phase” is unpromising
Black holeʼs 1/N hair

AbstractAccording to the standard view classically black holes carry no hair, whereas quantum hair is at best exponentially weak. We show that suppression of hair is an artifact of the semi-classical treatment and that in the quantum picture hair appears as an inverse mass-square effect. Such hair is predicted in the microscopic quantum description in which a black hole represents a self-sustained leaky Bose-condensate of N soft gravitons. In this picture the Hawking radiation is the quantum depletion of the condensate. Within this picture we show that quantum black hole physics is fully compatible with continuous global symmetries and that global hair appears with the strength B/N, where B is the global charge swallowed by the black hole. For large charge this hair has dramatic effect on black hole dynamics. Our findings can have interesting astrophysical consequences, such as existence of black holes with large detectable baryonic and leptonic numbers
Gravitational conformal invariance and coupling constants in Kaluza–Klein theory

AbstractWe introduce a generalized gravitational conformal invariance in the context of non-compactified 5D Kaluza–Klein theory. It is done by assuming the 4D metric to be dependent on the extra non-compactified dimension. It is then shown that the conformal invariance in 5D is broken by taking an absolute cosmological scale R0 over which the 4D metric is assumed to be dependent weakly on the 5th dimension. This is equivalent to Deser's model for the breakdown of the conformal invariance in 4D by taking a constant cosmological mass term μ2∼R0−2 in the theory. We set the scalar field to its background cosmological value leading to Einstein equation with the gravitational constant GN and a small cosmological constant. A dual Einstein equation is also introduced in which the matter is coupled to the higher-dimensional geometry by the coupling GN−1. Relevant interpretations of the results are also discussed
One SmpB molecule accompanies tmRNA during its passage through the ribosomes

AbstracttmRNA and SmpB are the main participants of trans-translation, a process which rescues the ribosome blocked during translation of non-stop mRNA. While a one-to-one stoichiometry of tmRNA to the ribosome is generally accepted, the number of SmpB molecules in the complex is still under question. We have isolated tmRNA–ribosome complexes blocked at different steps of the tmRNA path through the ribosome and analyzed the stoichiometry of the complexes. Ribosome, tmRNA and SmpB were found in equimolar amount in the tmRNA–ribosome complexes stopped at the position of the 2nd, 4th, 5th or the 11th codons of the coding part of the tmRNA
Differentiation of liver progenitor cell line to functional organotypic cultures in 3D nanofibrillar cellulose and hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels

AbstractPhysiologically relevant hepatic cell culture models must be based on three-dimensional (3D) culture of human cells. However, liver cells are generally cultured in two-dimensional (2D) format that deviates from the normal in vivo morphology. We generated 3D culture environment for HepaRG liver progenitor cells using wood-derived nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and hyaluronan-gelatin (HG) hydrogels. Culture of undifferentiated HepaRG cells in NFC and HG hydrogels induced formation of 3D multicellular spheroids with apicobasal polarity and functional bile canaliculi-like structures, structural hallmarks of the liver tissue. Furthermore, hepatobiliary drug transporters, MRP2 and MDR1, were localized on the canalicular membranes of the spheroids and vectorial transport of fluorescent probes towards the biliary compartment was demonstrated. Cell culture in 3D hydrogel supported the mRNA expression of hepatocyte markers (albumin and CYP3A4), and metabolic activity of CYP3A4 in the HepaRG cell cultures. On the contrary, the 3D hydrogel cultures with pre-differentiated HepaRG cells showed decreasing expression of albumin and CYP3A4 transcripts as well as CYP3A4 activity. It is concluded that NFC and HG hydrogels expedite the hepatic differentiation of HepaRG liver progenitor cells better than the standard 2D culture environment. This was shown as improved cell morphology, expression and localization of hepatic markers, metabolic activity and vectorial transport. The NFC and HG hydrogels are promising materials for hepatic cell culture and tissue engineering
Targeting of Fn14 Prevents Cancer-Induced Cachexia and Prolongs Survival

SummaryThe cytokine TWEAK and its cognate receptor Fn14 are members of the TNF/TNFR superfamily and are upregulated in tumors. We found that Fn14, when expressed in tumors, causes cachexia and that antibodies against Fn14 dramatically extended lifespan by inhibiting tumor-induced weight loss although having only moderate inhibitory effects on tumor growth. Anti-Fn14 antibodies prevented tumor-induced inflammation and loss of fat and muscle mass. Fn14 signaling in the tumor, rather than host, is responsible for inducing this cachexia because tumors in Fn14- and TWEAK-deficient hosts developed cachexia that was comparable to that of wild-type mice. These results extend the role of Fn14 in wound repair and muscle development to involvement in the etiology of cachexia and indicate that Fn14 antibodies may be a promising approach to treat cachexia, thereby extending lifespan and improving quality of life for cancer patients
Elementary proofs of some identities of Ramanujan for the Rogers–Ramanujan functions

AbstractIn a handwritten manuscript published with his lost notebook, Ramanujan stated without proofs forty identities for the Rogers–Ramanujan functions. With one exception all of Ramanujanʼs identities were proved. In this paper, we provide a proof for the remaining identity together with new elementary proofs for two identities of Ramanujan which were previously proved using the theory of modular forms. Ramanujan stated that each of his formula was the simplest of a large class. Our proofs are constructive and permit us to obtain several analogous identities which could have been stated by Ramanujan and may very well belong to his large class of identities
Generalization of the Randall–Sundrum solution

AbstractThe generalization of the Randall–Sundrum solution for the warp factor exp⁡[σ(y)] in the scenario with one extra coordinate y, non-factorizable space–time geometry and two branes is obtained. It is shown that the function obtained σ(y) is symmetric with respect to an interchange of two branes. It also obeys the orbifold symmetry y→−y and explicitly reproduces jumps of its derivative on both branes. This solution is defined by the Einstein–Hilbert's equations up to a constant C. It is demonstrated that different values of C result in theories with quite different spectra of the Kaluza–Klein gravitons
Expression of Idh1R132H in the Murine Subventricular Zone Stem Cell Niche Recapitulates Features of Early Gliomagenesis

SummaryIsocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations drive human gliomagenesis, probably through neomorphic enzyme activity that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate. To model this disease, we conditionally expressed Idh1R132H in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain. The mice developed hydrocephalus and grossly dilated lateral ventricles, with accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate and reduced α-ketoglutarate. Stem and transit amplifying/progenitor cell populations were expanded, and proliferation increased. Cells expressing SVZ markers infiltrated surrounding brain regions. SVZ cells also gave rise to proliferative subventricular nodules. DNA methylation was globally increased, while hydroxymethylation was decreased. Mutant SVZ cells overexpressed Wnt, cell-cycle and stem cell genes, and shared an expression signature with human gliomas. Idh1R132H mutation in the major adult neurogenic stem cell niche causes a phenotype resembling gliomagenesis