pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Herschel view of IC 1396 A : unveiling the different sequences of star formation

A.S.A. acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINN/MINECO “Ramón y Cajal” program, grant number RYC-2010-06164, and the action “Proyectos de Investigación fundamental no orientada”, grant number AYA2012-35008. C.E. is partly supported by Spanish MICINN/MINECO grant AYA2011-26202. V.R. is supported by the DLR grant number 50 OR 1109 and by the Bayerischen Gleichstellungsförderung (BGF).Context. The IC 1396 A globule, located to the west of the young cluster Tr 37, is known to host many very young stars and protostars, and is also assumed to be a site of triggered star formation. Aims. Our aim is to test the triggering mechanisms and sequences leading to star formation in Tr 37 and similar regions. Methods. We mapped IC 1396 A with HerscheI/PACS at 70 and 160 μm. The maps reveal the structure of the most embedded parts of the star-forming site in great detail. Results. The HerscheI/PACS maps trace the very embedded protostellar objects and the structure of the cloud. PACS data reveal a previously unknown Class 0 object, labeled IC 1396 A-PACS-1, located behind the ionization front. IC 1396 A-PACS-1 is not detectable with Spitzer, but shows marginal X-ray emission. The data also allow the study of three of the Class I intermediate-mass objects within the cloud. We derived approximate cloud temperatures to study the effect and potential interactions between the protostars and the cloud. The Class 0 object is associated with the densest and coldest part of IC 1396 A. Heating in the cloud is dominated by the winds and radiation of the 06.5 star HD 206267 and, to a lesser extent, by the effects of the Herbig Ac star V 390 Cep. The surroundings of the Class I and Class II objects embedded in the cloud also appear warmer than the sourceless areas, although most of the low-mass objects cannot be individually extracted owing to distance and beam dilution. Conclusions. The observations suggest that at least two episodes of star formation have occurred in IC 1396 A. One would have been the origin of the known, similar to ~1 Myr-old Class I and II objects in the cloud, and a new wave of star formation would have produced the Class 0 source at the tip of the bright-rimmed cloud. From its location and properties, IC 1396 A-PACS-1 is consistent with having been triggered via radiative driven implosion (RDI) induced by HD 206267. The mechanisms behind the formation of the more evolved population of Class objects in the cloud are uncertain. Heating of most of the remaining cloud by Class I/Class II objects and by HD 206267 itself may preclude further star formation in the region.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Formation of S0 galaxies through mergers : explaining angular momentum and concentration change from spirals to S0s

The CALIFA team has recently found that the stellar angular momentum and concentration of late-type spiral galaxies are incompatible with those of lenticular galaxies (S0s), concluding that fading alone cannot satisfactorily explain the evolution from spirals into S0s. Here we explore whether major mergers can provide an alternative way to transform spirals into S0s by analysing the spiral-spiral major mergers from the GalMer database that lead to realistic, relaxed S0-like galaxies. We find that the change in stellar angular momentum and concentration can explain the differences in the λRe-R90/R50 plane found by the CALIFA team. Major mergers thus offer a feasible explanation for the transformation of spirals into S0s.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Realism, Skill & Incentives: Current and Future Trends in Investment Management and Investment Performance

We review the recent trends in investment management and performance research and highlight the fields expected to develop further in the future. The trend to adapt the classic CAPM and factor models seems likely to continue, with the drive for realistic factors, which best proxy the drivers of investment performance, playing a key role. The search for skill, based on enhanced benchmarks is also a developing area, with new concepts of identification and verification at the fore. The availability of more qualitative data has allowed corporate finance themes such as agency conflict and incentives to be explored. These are some of the areas where we have seen major developments in recent years and where we expect to see continuing development
Comparing the folding and misfolding energy landscapes of phosphoglycerate kinase.

Partitioning of polypeptides between protein folding and amyloid formation is of outstanding pathophysiological importance. Using yeast phosphoglycerate kinase as model, here we identify the features of the energy landscape that decide the fate of the protein: folding or amyloidogenesis. Structure formation was initiated from the acid-unfolded state, and monitored by fluorescence from 10 ms to 20 days. Solvent conditions were gradually shifted between folding and amyloidogenesis, and the properties of the energy landscape governing structure formation were reconstructed. A gradual transition of the energy landscape between folding and amyloid formation was observed. In the early steps of both folding and misfolding, the protein searches through a hierarchically structured energy landscape to form a molten globule in a few seconds. Depending on the conditions, this intermediate either folds to the native state in a few minutes, or forms amyloid fibers in several days. As conditions are changed from folding to misfolding, the barrier separating the molten globule and native states increases, although the barrier to the amyloid does not change. In the meantime, the native state also becomes more unstable and the amyloid more stable. We conclude that the lower region of the energy landscape determines the final protein structure
Re-evaluation and extension of the Marine Isotope Stage 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region: The cryptotephra record

Previous studies of marine sequences from the Faroe Islands region have identified a series of coarse-grained tephra horizons deposited during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Here we reassess the MIS 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region and focus on the cryptotephra deposits preserved within the fine-grained fraction of marine core LINK 16. We also extend the record to encompass the late MIS 6 and early MIS 4 periods. A density separation technique, commonly used for tephra investigations in lacustrine settings but rarely applied to marine sediments, is utilised to explore the fine-grained material and EPMA and LA-ICP-MS are employed to determine the major and trace element composition of individual tephra shards. In total, 3 basaltic and 3 rhyolitic Icelandic cryptotephra deposits with homogeneous geochemical compositions are identified ? all of which have the potential to act as isochronous tie-lines. Geochemical results highlight that the Gr?msv?tn volcanic system of Iceland is the predominant source of the basaltic horizons and the ?raefaj?kull or Torfaj?kull systems are the likely sources of the rhyolitic deposits. Three of the horizons have been previously recognised in Faroe Islands region marine sequences, with two of these deposits traceable into a Norwegian Sea sequence. An early MIS 4 rhyolitic horizon is the most widespread deposit as it can be traced into the Norwegian Sea and to the south into a record from the Rockall Trough. Basaltic and rhyolitic horizons deposited during late MIS 6 have not been recognised in other sequences and represent new additions to the regional tephrostratigraphy.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Search for pair and single production of new heavy quarks that decay to a Z boson and a third-generation quark in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for the production of new heavy quarks that decay to a Z boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a new charge +2/3 quark (T ), the decay targeted is T → Zt, while the decay targeted for a new charge −1/3 quark (B) is B → Zb. The search is performed with a dataset corresponding to 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at TeX TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Selected events contain a high transverse momentum Z boson candidate reconstructed from a pair of oppositely charged same-flavor leptons (electrons or muons), and are analyzed in two channels defined by the absence or presence of a third lepton. Hadronic jets, in particular those with properties consistent with the decay of a b-hadron, are also required to be present in selected events. Different requirements are made on the jet activity in the event in order to enhance the sensitivity to either heavy quark pair production mediated by the strong interaction, or single production mediated by the electroweak interaction. No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and lower limits are derived on the mass of vector-like T and B quarks under various branching ratio hypotheses, as well as upper limits on the magnitude of electroweak coupling parameters
Dose- and time-dependent effects of genipin crosslinking on cell viability and tissue mechanics - toward clinical application for tendon repair

The crosslinking agent genipin is increasingly invoked for the mechanical augmentation of collagen tissues and implants, and has previously been demonstrated to arrest mechanical damage accumulation in various tissues. This study established an in vitro dose-response baseline for the effects of genipin treatment on tendon cells and their matrix, with a view to in vivo application to the repair of partial tendon tears. Regression models based on a broad range of experimental data were used to delineate the range of concentrations that are likely to achieve functionally effective crosslinking, and predict the corresponding degree of cell loss and diminished metabolic activity that can be expected. On these data, it was concluded that rapid mechanical augmentation of tissue properties can only be achieved by accepting some degree of cytotoxicity, yet that post-treatment cell survival may be adequate to eventually repopulate and stabilize the tissue. On this basis, development of delivery strategies and subsequent in vivo study seems warranted
Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10^18 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory. Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10^18 eV. We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array. The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular, the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape. The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E^{; ; −γ}; ; with index γ = 3.3 below the ankle which is measured at log10 (Eankle /eV) = 18.6. Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2.6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log10 (E/eV) = 19.5, detected with high statistical significance
Leading large- x logarithms of the quark–gluon contributions to inclusive Higgs-boson and lepton-pair production

We present all-order expressions for the leading double-logarithmic threshold contributions to the quark–gluon coefficient functions for inclusive Higgs-boson production in the heavy top-quark limit and for Drell–Yan lepton-pair production. These results have been derived using the structure of the unfactorized cross sections in dimensional regularization and the large- x resummation of the gluon–quark and quark–gluon splitting functions. The resummed coefficient functions, which are identical up to colour factor replacements, are similar to their counterparts in deep-inelastic scattering but slightly more complicated
True ternary fission, the collinear decay into fragments of similar size in the 252 Cf(sf) and 235 U(n th , f) reactions

The collinear cluster decay in 252 Cf(sf, fff), with three cluster fragments of different masses (e.g. 132 Sn, 52–48 Ca, 68–72 Ni), which has been observed by the FOBOS group in JINR, has established a new decay mode of heavy nuclei, the collinear cluster tripartition (CCT). The same type of ternary fission decay has been observed in the reaction 235 U(n th , fff). This kind of “true ternary fission” of heavy nuclei has been predicted many times in theoretical works during the last decades. In the present note we discuss true ternary fission (TFFF) into three nuclei of almost equal size (e.g. <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>98</mn><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>32</mn></math> , 34, 32) in the same systems. The possible fission channels are predicted from potential-energy (PES) calculations. These PES's show pronounced minima for several ternary fragmentation decays, e.g. for 252 Cf(sf) and for 235 U(n th , f). They suggest the existence of a variety of collinear ternary fission modes. The TFFF-decays chosen in this letter have very similar dynamical features as the previously observed collinear CCT-decays. The data obtained in the above mentioned experiments allow us to extract the yield for these TFFF-decays in both systems by using specific gates on the measured parameters. These yields are a few <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1.0</mn><mo>⋅</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">/</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>binary</mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext>fission</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>
Heavy neutrinos and the pp→lljj CMS data

We show that the excess in the pp→eejj CMS data can be naturally interpreted within the Minimal Left–Right Symmetric model (MLRSM), keeping gL=gR , if CP phases and non-degenerate masses of heavy neutrinos are taken into account. As an additional benefit, a natural interpretation of the reported ratio (14:1) of the opposite-sign (OS) pp→l±l∓jj to the same-sign (SS) pp→l±l±jj lepton signals is possible. Finally, a suppression of muon pairs with respect to electron pairs in the pp→lljj data is obtained, in accordance with experimental data. If the excess in the CMS data survives in the future, it would be a first clear hint towards presence of heavy neutrinos in right-handed charged currents with specific CP phases, mixing angles and masses, which will have far reaching consequences for particle physics directions
Neutron-driven collectivity in light tin isotopes: Proton inelastic scattering from 104 Sn

Inelastic scattering cross sections to individual bound excited states of 104 Sn were measured at 150 MeV/u beam energy and analyzed to evaluate the contribution of neutron and proton collectivity. State-of-the-art Quasi-Particle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) with the D1M Gogny interaction reproduces the experimental proton collectivity and our inelastic scattering cross sections once used as input for a reaction calculation together with the Jeukenne–Lejeune–Mahaux (JLM) potentials. Experimental inelastic scattering cross section decreases by 40(24)% from 112 Sn to 104 Sn. The present work shows that (i) proton and neutron collectivities are proportional over a large range of tin isotopes (including 104 Sn), as is typical for isoscalar excitations, and (ii) the neutron collectivity dominates. It suggests that the plateau in the mass range A=106–112 displayed by E2 transition probabilities is driven by neutron collectivity
On analytical study of holographic superconductors with Born–Infeld electrodynamics

Based on the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem, Banerjee et al. proposed a perturbative approach to analytically investigate the properties of the ( 2+1 )-dimensional superconductor with Born–Infeld electrodynamics (Banerjee et al., 2013) [29] . By introducing an iterative procedure, we will further improve the analytical results and the consistency with the numerical findings, and can easily extend the analytical study to the higher-dimensional superconductor with Born–Infeld electrodynamics. We observe that the higher Born–Infeld corrections make it harder for the condensation to form but do not affect the critical phenomena of the system. Our analytical results can be used to back up the numerical computations for the holographic superconductors with various condensates in Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Low temperature H2 production from ammonia using ruthenium-based catalysts:Synergetic effect of promoter and support

Low temperature hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition is achieved by the synergetic combination of a highly conductive support and an electron donating promoter in a ruthenium-based system, with activity at temperatures as low as 450. K. The high conductivity of graphitized carbon nanotubes allows for greater electronic modification of the ruthenium nanoparticles by cesium located in close proximity but without direct contact, avoiding the blockage of the active sites. This development of low temperature catalytic activity represents a breakthrough toward the use of ammonia as chemical storage for in-situ hydrogen production in fuel cells
Generation and characterization of severe combined immunodeficiency rats.

重症免疫不全SCIDラットの作製 : ヒトiPS細胞、がん細胞、肝細胞をラット体内で培養することに成功. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-09-14.Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, the most widely used animal model of DNA-PKcs (Prkdc) deficiency, have contributed enormously to our understanding of immunodeficiency, lymphocyte development, and DNA-repair mechanisms, and they are ideal hosts for allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue transplantation. Here, we use zinc-finger nucleases to generate rats that lack either the Prkdc gene (SCID) or the Prkdc and Il2rg genes (referred to as F344-scid gamma [FSG] rats). SCID rats show several phenotypic differences from SCID mice, including growth retardation, premature senescence, and a more severe immunodeficiency without "leaky" phenotypes. Double-knockout FSG rats show an even more immunocompromised phenotype, such as the abolishment of natural killer cells. Finally, xenotransplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, ovarian cancer cells, and hepatocytes shows that SCID and FSG rats can act as hosts for xenogeneic tissue grafts and stem cell transplantation and may be useful for preclinical testing of new drugs
Interaction between soluble Aβ-(1-40) monomer and Aβ-(1-42) fibrils probed by paramagnetic relaxation enhancement.

The most common isoforms of amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins are composed of 40 or 42 amino acid residues. While Aβ-(1-40) is the predominant species, Aβ-(1-42) is more fibrillogenic and neurotoxic, suggesting that Aβ-(1-42) plays a critical role in the initiation of amyloid fibril formation. We investigated the mechanisms by which soluble Aβ-(1-40) associates with preformed Aβ-(1-42) seeds. A paramagnetic relaxation enhancement analysis showed that the Aβ-(1-40) monomer and Aβ-(1-42) seed interact via their C-terminal region in a parallel fashion, and the N-terminal part does not to contribute to the interaction. STRUCTURED SUMMARY OF PROTEIN INTERACTIONS: A beta-(1-40) and A beta-(1-42)bind by fluorescence technology (View interaction) A beta-(1-42) and A beta-(1-40)bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View interaction)
The cyclically adjusted budget balance in EU fiscal policymaking: Love at first sight turned into a mature relationship

The cyclically adjusted budget balance (CAB) plays a key role in the EU fiscal surveillance framework. It started off in a supporting role in the shadow of the headline defi cit and, before long, turned into the linchpin of the rules of the Stability and Growth Pact. The steep ascent was driven by high expectations which, with the passing of time, were only partly met. The everyday practice of the EU fi scal surveillance rapidly revealed a number of caveats of the CAB which, at times, hampered the effectiveness of fiscal surveillance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the changing fortunes of the CAB in the EU fiscal surveillance framework. It portrays its main shortcomings and the way they are dealt with in practice
Space-time gravity variations to look deep into the southern flank of Etna volcano

A microgravity 14-year-long data set (October 1994 - September 2007) recorded along a 24-kilometer East-West trending profile of 19 stations was analyzed to detect underground mass redistributions related to the volcanic activity involving the southern flank of Mt Etna volcano (Italy). A multiresolution wavelet analysis was applied to separate the volcano-related signal from the unwanted components due to mainly instrumental, human-made and seasonal effects. The residual space-time image evidenced two complete gravity increase/decrease cycles mainly affecting the central and eastern stations of the profile. The first gravity increase (early-1995 to end-1996) – decrease (end-1996 to late-1998) cycle reached a maximum amplitude of approximately 90 µGal. The second gravity increase (mid-1999 to mid-2000) – decrease (mid-2000 to early-2004) cycle attained an amplitude of about 80 µGal peak-to-peak. After about five years of a persistent negative gravity anomaly, a new semi-cycle started at the end of 2006 and continued during the last survey carried out in September 2007. We modeled the 1994-2007 gravity anomalies using a Quadratic Programming algorithm to infer the position and the evolution of the sources beneath the profile. The computed positive mass variations of about 1.05 x 1011 kg were interpreted as magma accumulation, while negative mass changes of about -1.20 x 1011 kg could reflect either magma migration or opening of new voids by tectonic tensile stresses within a source volume, where tensional earthquakes occurred
Set membership parity space hybrid system diagnosis

In this paper, diagnosis for hybrid systems using a parity space approach that considers model uncertainty is proposed. The hybrid diagnoser is composed of modules which carry out the mode recognition and diagnosis tasks interacting each other, since the diagnosis module adapts accordingly to the current hybrid system mode. Moreover, the methodology takes into account the unknown but bounded uncertainty in parameters and additive errors using a passive robust strategy based on the set-membership approach. An adaptive threshold that bounds the effect of model uncertainty in residuals is generated for residual evaluation using zonotopes, and the parity space approach is used to design a set of residuals for each mode. The proposed fault diagnosis approach for hybrid systems is illustrated on a piece of the Barcelona sewer network.Postprint (author's final draft