pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Neutron-proton effective mass splitting in neutron-rich matter at normal
  density from analyzing nucleon-nucleus scattering data within an isospin
  dependent optical model

The neutron-proton effective $k$-mass splitting in asymmetric nucleonic
matter of isospin asymmetry $\delta$ and normal density is found to be
$m^{*}_{n-p}\equiv(m^{*}_{n}-m^{*}_{p})/m=(0.41 \pm0.15)\delta$ from analyzing
globally 1088 sets of reaction and angular differential cross sections of
proton elastic scattering on 130 targets with beam energies from 0.783 MeV to
200 MeV, and 1161 sets of data of neutron elastic scattering on 104 targets
with beam energies from 0.05 MeV to 200 MeV within an isospin dependent
non-relativistic optical potential model. It sets a useful reference for
testing model predictions on the momentum dependence of the nucleon isovector
potential necessary for understanding novel structures and reactions of rare
isotopes.Comment: Published version, Physics Letters B743 (2015) 40
Scientific rationale of Saturn's in situ exploration

Remote sensing observations meet some limitations when used to study the bulk
atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. A remarkable
example of the superiority of in situ probe measurements is illustrated by the
exploration of Jupiter, where key measurements such as the determination of the
noble gases abundances and the precise measurement of the helium mixing ratio
have only been made available through in situ measurements by the Galileo
probe. This paper describes the main scientific goals to be addressed by the
future in situ exploration of Saturn placing the Galileo probe exploration of
Jupiter in a broader context and before the future probe exploration of the
more remote ice giants. In situ exploration of Saturn's atmosphere addresses
two broad themes that are discussed throughout this paper: first, the formation
history of our solar system and second, the processes at play in planetary
atmospheres. In this context, we detail the reasons why measurements of
Saturn's bulk elemental and isotopic composition would place important
constraints on the volatile reservoirs in the protosolar nebula. We also show
that the in situ measurement of CO (or any other disequilibrium species that is
depleted by reaction with water) in Saturn's upper troposphere would constrain
its bulk O/H ratio. We highlight the key measurements required to distinguish
competing theories to shed light on giant planet formation as a common process
in planetary systems with potential applications to most extrasolar systems. In
situ measurements of Saturn's stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics,
chemistry and cloud-forming processes will provide access to phenomena
unreachable to remote sensing studies. Different mission architectures are
envisaged, which would benefit from strong international collaborations.Comment: Submitted to Planetary and Space Scienc
Feedback by massive stars and the emergence of superbubbles II. X-ray
  properties

In a previous paper we investigated the energy transfer of massive stars to
the interstellar medium as a function of time and the geometrical configuration
of three massive stars via 3D-mesh-refining hydrodynamics simulations,
following the complete evolution of the massive stars and their supernovae
except non-thermal processes . We analysed our ISM simulation results with the
help of spectra for plasma temperatures between 0.1 and 10 keV and computed the
spectral evolution and the spatio-temporal distribution of the hot gas.
Results. Despite significant input of high temperature gas from supernovae and
fast stellar winds, the resulting thermal X-ray spectra are generally very
soft, with most of the emission well below 1 keV. We show that this is due to
mixing triggered by resolved hydrodynamic instabilities. Supernovae enhance the
X-ray luminosity of a superbubble by 1-2 orders of magnitude for a time span of
about 0.1 Myr; longer if a supernova occurs in a larger superbubble and shorter
in higher energy bands. Peak superbubble luminosities of the order of 10^{36}
erg/s are reproduced well. The strong decay of the X-ray luminosity is due to
bubble expansion, hydrodynamic instabilities related to the acceleration of the
superbubble's shell thanks to the sudden energy input, and subsequent mixing.
We also find global oscillations of our simulated superbubbles, which produce
spatial variations of the X-ray spectrum, similar to what we see in the
Orion-Eridanus cavity. We calculated the fraction of energy emitted in X-rays
and find that with a value of a few times 10^{-4}, it is about a factor of ten
below the measurements for nearby galaxies.Comment: 13 pages 12 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic
Pure leptonic proposal to $W^{+}W^{-}$ excess and neutrino mass
  generation

We investigate the TeV models for neutrino mass generation as candidate
models to explain the recent 2$\sigma$ excess of leptonic $W^{+}W^{-}$ pair
production at LHC. Several models with singly charged exotic states that may
explain the excess require light masses completely excluded by LEP experiments.
One possible model with new lepton doublets can fit the observation and evade
all direct search bounds but with tuned Yukawa structure to satisfy lepton
universality. The new exotic leptons $L^{\pm}$ decay into $L^{\pm}\to
\ell^{\pm} \phi$ where $\phi$ is a light singlet scalar of $\cal O$(MeV) that
decays into neutrinos. Drell-Yan production of $L^{+}L^{-}\to
\ell^{+}\ell^{-}+\cancel{E}_{T}$ fits the excess and $L^{\pm}L^{0}\to
\ell^{\pm}+\cancel{E}_{T}$ is completely buried in SM background
A Three three-brane Universe:New Phenomenology for the New Millennium?

We consider an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model with three parallel
3-branes in a 5-dimensional spacetime. This new construction, apart from
providing a solution to the Planck hierarchy problem, has the advantage that
the SM fields are confined on a positive tension brane. The study of the
phenomenology of this model reveals an anomalous first KK state which is
generally much lighter than the remaining tower and also much more strongly
coupled to matter. Bounds on the parameter space of the model can be placed by
comparison of specific processes with the SM background as well as by the
latest Cavendish experiments. The model suggests a further exotic possibility
if one drops the requirement of solving the hierarchy problem. In this case
gravity may result from the exchange of the ordinary graviton plus an
ultralight KK state and modifications of gravity may occur at both small and
extremely large scales.Comment: 17 pages, 5 Postscript figures, uses axodraw.sty, corrected some
  typo
Measurement of the $Q^2$ evolution of the photon structure function $F^{\gamma}_{2}$

New measurements are presented of the photon structure function F_2^gamma(Q) at four values of Q^2 between 9 and 59 GeV/c^2 based on data collected with the OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies of 161-172 GeV, with a total integrated luminosity of 18.1 pb^-1. The evolution of F_2^gamma with Q^2 in bins of x is determined in the Q^2 range from 1.86 to 135 GeV/c^2 using data taken at centre-of-mass energies of 91 GeV and 161-172 GeV. F_2^gamma is observed to increase with Q^2 with a slope of 1/alpha_em dF_2^gamma/dln(Q^2) = 0.10 +0.05 -0.03 measured in the range 0.1 < x < 0.6.New measurements are presented of the photon structure function F 2 γ (x, Q 2 ) at four values of Q 2 between 9 and 59 GeV 2 based on data collected with the OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies of 161–172 GeV, with a total integrated luminosity of 18.1 pb −1 . The evolution of F 2 γ with Q 2 in bins of x is determined in the Q 2 range from 1.86 to 135 GeV 2 using data taken at centre-of-mass energies of 91 GeV and 161–172 GeV. F 2 γ is observed to increase with Q 2 with a slope of α −1 d F 2 γ dln Q 2 = 0.10 −0.03 +0.05 measured in the range 0.1 < x < 0.6
On a Class of Riemann-Cartan Space-times of Gödel Type

A class of Riemann-Cartan Gödel-type space-times is examined by using the equivalence problem techniques, as formulated by Fonseca-Neto et al. and embodied in a suite of computer algebra programs called TCLASSI. A coordinate-invariant description of the gravitational field for this class of space-times is presented. It is also shown that these space-times can admit a group $G_{r}$ of affine-isometric motions of dimensions $r=2, 4, 5$. The necessary and sufficient conditions for space-time (ST) homogeneity of this class of space-times are derived, extending previous works on Gödel-type space-times. The equivalence of space-times in the ST homogeneous subclass is studied, recovering recent results under different premises. The results of the limiting Riemannian case are also recovered
SOLUTION OF FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS OF RESTRICTED $A_{n-1}^{(1)}$ FUSED
  LATTICE MODELS

Functional equations, in the form of fusion hierarchies, are studied for the
transfer matrices of the fused restricted $A_{n-1}^{(1)}$ lattice models of
Jimbo, Miwa and Okado. Specifically, these equations are solved analytically
for the finite-size scaling spectra, central charges and some conformal
weights. The results are obtained in terms of Rogers dilogarithm and correspond
to coset conformal field theories based on the affine Lie algebra
$A_{n-1}^{(1)}$ with GKO pair $A^{(1)}_{n-1}\; \oplus A^{(1)}_{n-1}\;\supset \;
A^{(1)}_{n-1}$.Comment: 25 pages;latex file(epic.tex needed);Res.Rep.No 39;Tex Prob. fixed
An Sl(2,Z) Multiplet of Nine-Dimensional Type II Supergravity Theories

We show that only by performing generalized dimensional reductions all
possible brane configurations are taken into account and one gets the complete
lower-dimensional theory. We apply this idea to the reduction of type IIB
supergravity in an SL(2,R)-covariant way and establish T duality for the type
II superstring effective action in the context of generalized dimensional
reduction giving the corresponding generalized Buscher's T duality rules. The
full (generalized) dimensional reduction involves all the S duals of
D-7-branes: Q-7-branes and a sort of composite 7-branes. The three species
constitute an SL(2,Z) triplet. Their presence induces the appearance of the
triplet of masses of the 9-dimensional theory. The T duals, including a
``KK-8A-brane'', which must have a compact transverse dimension have to be
considered in the type IIA side. Compactification of 11-dimensional
KK-9M-branes (a.k.a. M-9-branes) on the compact transverse dimension give
D-8-branes while compactification on a worldvolume dimension gives
KK-8A-branes. The presence of these KK-monopole-type objects breaks translation
invariance and two of them given rise to an SL(2,R)-covariant ``massive
11-dimensional supergravity'' whose reduction gives the massive 9-dimensional
type II theories.Comment: Latex2e file, 61 pages, 4 eps figures. Version to appear in Nuclear
  Physics B. Some fields redefined for convenience and some references added or
  change
COBRA - Double beta decay searches using CdTe detectors

A new approach (called COBRA) for investigating double beta decay using CdTe
(CdZnTe) semiconductor detectors is proposed. It follows the idea that source
and detector are identical. This will allow simultaneous measurements of 5
$\beta^-\beta^-$ - and 4 $\beta^+\beta^+$ - emitters at once. Half-life limits
for neutrinoless double beta decay of Cd-116 and Te-130 can be improved by more
than one order of magnitude with respect to current limits and sensitivities on
the effective Majorana neutrino mass of less than 1 eV can be obtained.
Furthermore, for the first time a realistic chance of observing double electron
capture processes exists. Additional searches for rare processes like the
4-fold forbidden Cd-113 $\beta$-decay, the electron capture of Te-123 and dark
matter detection can be performed. The achievable limits are evaluated for 10
kg of such detectors and can be scaled accordingly towards higher detector
masses because of the modular design of the proposed experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 3 eps-figures, submitte
Influence of Bottom Quark Jet Quenching on Single Electron Tomography of
  Au+Au

High transverse momentum single (non-photonic) electrons are shown to be
sensitive to the stopping power of both bottom, b, and charm, c, quarks in AA
collisions. We apply the DGLV theory of radiative energy loss to predict c and
b quark jet quenching and compare the FONLL and PYTHIA heavy flavor
fragmentation and decay schemes. We show that single electrons in the p_T=5-10
GeV range are dominated by the decay of b quarks rather than the more strongly
quenched c quarks in Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s}=200 AGeV. The {smaller} b
quark energy loss, even for extreme opacities with gluon rapidity densities up
to 3500, is predicted to limit the nuclear modification factor, R_{AA}, of
single electrons to the range R_{AA} ~ 0.5-0.6, in contrast to previous
predictions of R_{AA} ~ 0.2-0.3 based on taking only c quark jet fragmentation
into account.Comment: 6 pages, 6 eps figure
Isospin-breaking corrections in the pion-deuteron scattering length

It is shown that isospin-breaking corrections to the pion-deuteron scattering
length can be very large, because of the vanishing of the isospin-symmetric
contribution to this scattering length at leading order in chiral perturbation
theory. We further demonstrate that these corrections can explain the bulk of
the discrepancy between the recent experimental data on pionic hydrogen and
pionic deuterium. We also give the first determination of the electromagnetic
low-energy constant f1.Comment: 4 pages, 1 postscript figure, uses REVTEX styl
Absolute palaeointensity of Oligocene (28-30 Ma) lava flows from the
  Kerguelen Archipelago (southern Indian Ocean)

We report palaeointensity estimates obtained from three Oligocene volcanic
sections from the Kerguelen Archipelago (Mont des Ruches, Mont des Tempetes,
and Mont Rabouillere). Of 402 available samples, 102 were suitable for a
palaeofield strength determination after a preliminary selection, among which
49 provide a reliable estimate. Application of strict a posteriori criteria
make us confident about the quality of the 12 new mean-flow determinations,
which are the first reliable data available for the Kerguelen Archipelago. The
Virtual Dipole Moments (VDM) calculated for these flows vary from 2.78 to 9.47
10e22 Am2 with an arithmetic mean value of 6.15+-2.1 10e22 Am2. Compilation of
these results with a selection of the 2002 updated IAGA palaeointensity
database lead to a higher (5.4+-2.3 10e22 Am2) Oligocene mean VDM than
previously reported, identical to the 5.5+-2.4 10e22 Am2 mean VDM obtained for
the 0.3-5 Ma time window. However, these Kerguelen palaeointensity estimates
represent half of the reliable Oligocene determinations and thus a bias toward
higher values. Nonetheless, the new estimates reported here strengthen the
conclusion that the recent geomagnetic field strength is anomalously high
compared to that older than 0.3 Ma
Turbulence characteristics of the B\"{o}dewadt layer in a large enclosed
  rotor-stator system

A three-dimensional (3D) direct numerical simulation is combined with a
laboratory study to describe the turbulent flow in an enclosed annular
rotor-stator cavity characterized by a large aspect ratio G=(b-a)/h=18.32 and a
small radius ratio a/b=0.152, where a and b are the inner and outer radii of
the rotating disk and h is the interdisk spacing. The rotation rate Omega under
consideration is equivalent to the rotational Reynolds number Re=Omegab2/nu=9.5
x 104, where nu is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. This corresponds to a
value at which an experiment carried out at the laboratory has shown that the
stator boundary layer is turbulent, whereas the rotor boundary layer is still
laminar. Comparisons of the 3D computed solution with velocity measurements
have given good agreement for the mean and turbulent fields. The results
enhance evidence of weak turbulence at this Reynolds number, by comparing the
turbulence properties with available data in the literature. An approximately
self-similar boundary layer behavior is observed along the stator side. The
reduction of the structural parameter a1 under the typical value 0.15 and the
variation in the wall-normal direction of the different characteristic angles
show that this boundary layer is three-dimensional. A quadrant analysis of
conditionally averaged velocities is performed to identify the contributions of
different events (ejections and sweeps) on the Reynolds shear stress producing
vortical structures. The asymmetries observed in the conditionally averaged
quadrant analysis are dominated by Reynolds stress-producing events in this
B\"{o}dewadt layer. Moreover, case 1 vortices (with a positive wall induced
velocity) are found to be the major source of generation of special strong
events, in agreement with the conclusions of Lygren and Andersson.Comment: 16 page
Time-Symmetrized Quantum Theory

A brief review of the time-symmetrized quantum formalism originated by
Aharonov, Bergmann and Lebowitz is presented. Symmetry of various measurements
under the time reversal is analyzed. Time-symmetrized counterfactuals are
introduced. It is argued that the time-symmetrized formalism demonstrates novel
profound features of quantum theory and that recent criticism of the formalism
is unfounded.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX2e, 1 eps figure, Fundamental problems in quantum
  theory, UMBC 97, invited lectur
Gold Coast Domestic Water End Use Study

This paper presents the preliminary findings of the Gold Coast Watersaver End Use Project which was conducted in winter 2008, for 151 homes on the Gold Coast, Australia. Specifically, the paper includes a break down of water end use consumption data, compares this with results of previous national studies, and explores the degree of influence of household socioeconomic regions on end use. Two highly variable water end use distributions, namely shower and irrigation, were examined in detail, clustered and are discussed herein. The paper concludes with a brief description of the greater ongoing research program
Searches for third-generation squark production in fully hadronic final
  states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Searches for third-generation squarks in fully hadronic final states are
presented using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.4
or 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with
the CMS detector at the LHC. Three mutually exclusive searches are presented,
each optimized for a different decay topology. They include a multijet search
requiring one fully reconstructed top quark, a dijet search requiring one or
two jets originating from b quarks, and a monojet search. No excesses above the
standard model expectations are seen, and limits are set on top and bottom
squark production in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Dark Matter Searches with a Mono-Z' jet

We study collider signatures of a class of dark matter models with a
GeV-scale dark Z'. At hadron colliders, the production of dark matter particles
naturally leads to associated production of the Z', which can appear as a
narrow jet after it decays hadronically. Contrary to the usual mono-jet signal
from initial state radiation, the final state radiation of dark matter can
generate the signature of a mono-Z' jet plus missing transverse energy.
Performing a jet-substructure analysis to tag the Z' jet, we show that these Z'
jets can be distinguished from QCD jets at high significance. Compared to
mono-jets, a dedicated search for mono-Z' jet events can lead to over an order
of magnitude stronger bounds on the interpreted dark matter-nucleon scattering
cross sections.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures; journal versio
Spin correlations and new physics in $\tau$-lepton decays at the LHC

We use spin correlations to constrain anomalous $\tau$-lepton couplings at
the LHC including its anomalous magnetic moment, electric dipole moment and
weak dipole moments. Single spin correlations are ideal to probe interference
terms between the SM and new dipole-type couplings as they are not suppressed
by the $\tau$-lepton mass. Double spin asymmetries give rise to $T$-odd
correlations useful to probe $CP$ violation purely within the new physics
amplitudes, as their appearance from interference with the SM is suppressed by
$m_\tau$. We compare our constraints to those obtained earlier on the basis of
deviations from the Drell-Yan cross-section.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, 14 tables. v2: added two subsections and
  relevant discussions, corresponds to version to be published at JHE
Ring-polymer instanton theory of electron transfer in the nonadiabatic
  limit

We take the golden-rule instanton method derived in the previous paper
[arXiv:1509.04919] and reformulate it using a ring-polymer approach. This gives
equations which can be used to compute the rates of electron-transfer reactions
in the nonadiabatic (golden-rule) limit numerically within a semiclassical
approximation. The multidimensional ring-polymer instanton trajectories are
obtained efficiently by minimization of the action. In this form, comparison
with Wolynes' quantum instanton method [P. G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 6559
(1987)] is possible and we show that our semiclassical approach is the
steepest-descent limit of this method. We discuss advantages and disadvantages
of both methods and give examples of where the new approach is more accurate.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of Chemical Physics. 10 pages, 1 figur
Search for WZ resonances in the fully leptonic channel using pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for resonant WZ   production in the ℓνℓ′ℓ′ℓνℓ′ℓ′ (ℓ,ℓ′=e,μℓ,ℓ′=e,μ) decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of View the MathML sources=8 TeVpp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at LHC is presented. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed and upper limits on the production cross sections of WZ   resonances from an extended gauge model W′W′ and from a simplified model of heavy vector triplets are derived. A corresponding observed (expected) lower mass limit of 1.52 (1.49) TeV is derived for the W′W′ at the 95% confidence level
Stark-effect of atomic sodium measured in a hollow-cathode plasma by doppler-free spectroscopy

The Stark widths of the 5896-Å (3^2 P_1 /2 → 3^2 S_1 /2) neutral sodium hyperfine lines in the presence of charged perturbers were measured by means of laser saturation spectroscopy. The plasma containing the sodium atoms and the perturbers was generated in a hollow cathode discharge. The Baranger and Brechot theories for the line shape of neutral atom transitions in a plasma has been extended to hyperfine structure and applied to the hyperfine components of sodium D_1 line. The theoretical and experimental results were compared and the electronic density and temperature in the discharge were evaluated
A geospatial framework to support integrated biogeochemical modelling in the United Kingdom

Anthropogenic impacts on the aquatic environment, especially in the context of nutrients, provide a major challenge for water resource management. The heterogeneous nature of policy relevant management units (e.g. catchments), in terms of environmental controls on nutrient source and transport, leads to the need for holistic management. However, current strategies are limited by current understanding and knowledge that is transferable between spatial scales and landscape typologies. This study presents a spatially-explicit framework to support the modelling of nutrients from land to water, encompassing environmental and spatial complexities. The framework recognises nine homogeneous landscape units, distinct in terms of sensitivity of nutrient losses to waterbodies. The functionality of the framework is demonstrated by supporting an exemplar nutrient model, applied within the Environmental Virtual Observatory pilot (EVOp) cloud cyber-infrastructure. We demonstrate scope for the use of the framework as a management decision support tool and for further development of integrated biogeochemical modelling