pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality: A sibling comparison analysis using Swedish register data

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by socioeconomic status in the family of origin, as socioeconomic status is related to both fertility behaviours and to long-term health. We examine the relationship between age at first birth, completed parity, and post-reproductive mortality and address the potential confounding role of family of origin. We use Swedish population register data for men and women born 1932–1960, and examine both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The contributions of our study are the use of a sibling comparison design that minimizes residual confounding from shared family background characteristics and assessment of cause-specific mortality that can shed light on the mechanisms linking reproductive history to mortality. Our results were entirely consistent with previous research on this topic, with teenage first time parents having higher mortality, and the relationship between parity and mortality following a U-shaped pattern where childless men and women and those with five or more children had the highest mortality. These results indicate that selection into specific fertility behaviours based upon socioeconomic status and experiences within the family of origin does not explain the relationship between reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality. Additional analyses where we adjust for other lifecourse factors such as educational attainment, attained socioeconomic status, and post-reproductive marital history do not change the results. Our results add an important new level of robustness to the findings on reproductive history and mortality by showing that the association is robust to confounding by factors shared by siblings. However it is still uncertain whether reproductive history causally influences health, or whether other confounding factors such as childhood health or risk-taking propensity could explain the association
“Sometimes, it just stops me from doing anything”: A qualitative exploration of epilepsy management in people with intellectual disabilities and their carers

AbstractPurposeEpilepsy affects 1 in 5 people with an intellectual disability (ID), but little is known about their experiences of living with epilepsy. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the impact and management of epilepsy in people with ID.Materials and methodsPeople with epilepsy and ID and their carers were invited to take part in semi-structured interviews. Eleven participants with ID and their carers were interviewed together, one participant with ID and their carer were interviewed separately, two interviews took place with the participant with ID only, and one interview took place with the carer only. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed thematically (dual independent coding for 30% of the transcripts).ResultsThree themes emerged (participant characteristics, living with epilepsy, epilepsy management and information needs) which indicated the following: 1) diversity regarding health profiles, communication abilities, severity of epilepsy, perceived control of epilepsy, and support needs; 2) a reduction in severity and frequency of seizures for a sizeable proportion of participants through antiepileptic drugs; 3) the lifelong impact of epilepsy and related seizures on participants' activities and quality of life; 4) the perceived burden of epilepsy and difficulty managing the condition for a large proportion of participants; 5) high levels of satisfaction with epilepsy-related services and care; and 6) an overall lack of written accessible information about epilepsy.ConclusionsThis study has highlighted a significant impact of epilepsy and related seizures on the daily lives and quality of life of people with ID. Although a sizeable proportion of participants and their carers considered their epilepsy to be well controlled, the majority reported difficulties managing epilepsy and minimizing its impact on their wellbeing. Excluding care staff and the support provided by epilepsy clinics, the participants had not accessed any adapted self-management or information resources about epilepsy
Translation and validation of the French Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised Second version (MIQ-RS)

AbstractIntroductionMotor imagery can be defined as a dynamic state during which the representation of a movement is internally rehearsed in the absence of voluntary movements. There are two strategies to mentally simulate the movements, either a visual representation of the movements (visual imagery), or kinesthetic feeling of the movement (kinetic imagery). In stroke rehabilitation, studies indicate that motor imagery associated with physical therapy results in cortical reorganization and correlative functional improvements.AimThe aim of this study is to provide to the French-speaking community a valid and reliable version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS).MethodWe examined the test-retest, inter-rate reliability and the internal consistency of the visual and kinesthetic items of our French version of MIQ-RS in 153 healthy subjects.ResultsResults showed the internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.90) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for visual items=0.68 and for kinesthetic items=0.78) of the French version of MIQ-RS were satisfactory; the two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis.ConclusionThe French version of MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable instrument in French-speaking population and therefore useful as a measure for motor imagery ability
Canonical forms for complex matrix congruence and ∗congruence

AbstractCanonical forms for congruence and ∗congruence of square complex matrices were given by Horn and Sergeichuk in [Linear Algebra Appl. 389 (2004) 347–353], based on Sergeichuk’s paper [Math. USSR, Izvestiya 31 (3) (1988) 481–501], which employed the theory of representations of quivers with involution. We use standard methods of matrix analysis to prove directly that these forms are canonical. Our proof provides explicit algorithms to compute all the blocks and parameters in the canonical forms. We use these forms to derive canonical pairs for simultaneous congruence of pairs of complex symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices as well as canonical forms for simultaneous ∗congruence of pairs of complex Hermitian matrices
The relativistic continuum Hartree–Bogoliubov description of charge-changing cross section for C, N, O and F isotopes

AbstractThe ground state properties including radii, density distribution and one neutron separation energy for C, N, O and F isotopes up to the neutron drip line are systematically studied by the self-consistent microscopic Relativistic Continuum Hartree–Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory. With the proton density distribution thus obtained, the charge-changing cross sections for C, N, O and F isotopes are calculated using the Glauber model. Good agreement with the data has been achieved. The charge changing cross sections change only slightly with the neutron number except for proton-rich nuclei. Similar trends of variations of proton radii and of charge changing cross sections for each isotope chain is observed which implies that the proton density plays important role in determining the charge-changing cross sections
The influence of financial conditions on optimal ordering and payment policies under progressive interest schemes

In many business-to-business transactions, the buyer is not required to pay immediately after the receipt of an order, but is instead allowed to postpone the payment to its suppliers for a certain period. In such a situation, the buyer can either settle the account at the end of the credit period or authorize the payment later, usually at the expense of interest that is charged by the supplier on the outstanding balance. Some payment terms, which are often referred to as trade credit contracts, contain progressive interest charges. In such cases, the supplier offers a sequence of credit periods, where the interest rate that is charged on the outstanding balance usually increases from period to period. If a buyer faces a progressive trade credit scheme, various options for settling the unpaid balance exist, where the financial impact of each option depends on the current credit interest structure and the alternative investment conditions. This paper studies the influence of different financial conditions in terms of alternative investment opportunities and credit interest structure on the optimal ordering and payment policies of a buyer on the condition that the supplier provides a progressive interest scheme. For this purpose, mathematical models are developed and analyzed
Systematics of quark/gluon tagging.

By measuring the substructure of a jet, one can assign it a “quark” or “gluon” tag. In the eikonal (double-logarithmic) limit, quark/gluon discrimination is determined solely by the color factor of the initiating parton (CF versus CA). In this paper, we confront the challenges faced when going beyond this leading-order understanding, using both parton-shower generators and first-principles calculations to assess the impact of higher-order perturbative and nonperturbative physics. Working in the idealized context of electron-positron collisions, where one can define a proxy for quark and gluon jets based on the Lorentz structure of the production vertex, we find a fascinating interplay between perturbative shower effects and nonperturbative hadronization effects. Turning to proton-proton collisions, we highlight a core set of measurements that would constrain current uncertainties in quark/gluon tagging and improve the overall modeling of jets at the Large Hadron Collider
Catch me if you can: is there a runaway-mass black hole in the Orion
  Nebula Cluster?

We investigate the dynamical evolution of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) by
means of direct N-body integrations. A large fraction of residual gas was
probably expelled when the ONC formed, so we assume that the ONC was much more
compact when it formed compared to its current size, in agreement with the
embedded cluster radius-mass relation from Marks & Kroupa (2012). Hence, we
assume that few-body relaxation played an important role during the initial
phase of evolution of the ONC. In particular, three body interactions among OB
stars likely led to their ejection from the cluster and, at the same time, to
the formation of a massive object via runaway physical stellar collisions. The
resulting depletion of the high mass end of the stellar mass function in the
cluster is one of the important points where our models fit the observational
data. We speculate that the runaway-mass star may have collapsed directly into
a massive black hole (Mbh > 100Msun). Such a dark object could explain the
large velocity dispersion of the four Trapezium stars observed in the ONC core.
We further show that the putative massive black hole is likely to be a member
of a binary system with appr. 70 per cent probability. In such a case, it could
be detected either due to short periods of enhanced accretion of stellar winds
from the secondary star during pericentre passages, or through a measurement of
the motion of the secondary whose velocity would exceed 10 km/s along the whole
orbit.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Ap
Transverse momentum spectra of b jets in pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV

We present a measurement of b jet transverse momentum (pt) spectra in proton-lead (pPb) collisions using a dataset corresponding to about 35 inverse nanobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Jets from b quark fragmentation are found by exploiting the long lifetime of hadrons containing a b quark through tagging methods using distributions of the secondary vertex mass and displacement. Extracted cross sections for b jets are scaled by the effective number of nucleon-nucleon collisions and are compared to a reference obtained from PYTHIA simulations of pp collisions. The PYTHIA-based estimate of the nuclear modification factor is found to be 1.22 +/- 0.15 (stat + syst pPb) +/- 0.27 (syst PYTHIA) averaged over all jets with pt between 55 and 400 GeV/c and with abs(eta[lab]) &lt; 2. We also compare this result to predictions from models using perturbative calculations in quantum chromodynamics
Search for narrow high-mass resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson

The first search for a narrow, high-mass resonance decaying into Z and Higgs (H) bosons is presented. The final state studied consists of a merged jet pair and a tau pair resulting from the decays of Z and H bosons, respectively. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment in 2012, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. In the resonance mass range of interest, which extends from 0.8 to 2.5 TeV, the Z and H bosons are produced with large momenta, which implies that the final products of the two quarks or the two tau leptons must be detected within a small angular interval. From a combination of all possible decay modes of the tau leptons, production cross sections in a range between 0.9 and 27.8 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the resonance mass
Super-orbital re-entry in Australia: laboratory measurement, simulation and flight observation [Keynote lecture]

There are large uncertainties in the aerothermodynamic modelling of super-orbital re-entry which impact the design of spacecraft thermal protection systems (TPS). Aspects of the thermal environment of super-orbital re-entry flows can be simulated in the laboratory using arc- and plasma jet facilities and these devices are regularly used for TPS certification work [5]. Another laboratory device which is capable of simulating certain critical features of both the aero and thermal environment of super-orbital re-entry is the expansion tube, and three such facilities have been operating at the University of Queensland in recent years[10]. Despite some success, wind tunnel tests do not achieve full simulation, however, a virtually complete physical simulation of particular re-entry conditions can be obtained from dedicated flight testing, and the Apollo era FIRE II flight experiment [2] is the premier example which still forms an important benchmark for modern simulations. Dedicated super-orbital flight testing is generally considered too expensive today, and there is a reluctance to incorporate substantial instrumentation for aerothermal diagnostics into existing missions since it may compromise primary mission objectives. An alternative approach to on-board flight measurements, with demonstrated success particularly in the ‘Stardust’ sample return mission, is remote observation of spectral emissions from the capsule and shock layer [8]. JAXA’s ‘Hayabusa’ sample return capsule provides a recent super-orbital reentry example through which we illustrate contributions in three areas: (1) physical simulation of super-orbital re-entry conditions in the laboratory; (2) computational simulation of such flows; and (3) remote acquisition of optical emissions from a super-orbital re entry even
Mammalian prion biology: one century of evolving concepts.

Prions have been responsible for an entire century of tragic episodes. Fifty years ago, kuru decimated the population of Papua New Guinea. Then, iatrogenic transmission of prions caused more than 250 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. More recently, transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to humans caused a widespread health scare. On the other hand, the biology of prions represents a fascinating and poorly understood phenomenon, which may account for more than just diseases and may represent a fundamental mechanism of crosstalk between proteins. The two decades since Stanley Prusiner's formulation of the protein-only hypothesis have witnessed spectacular advances, and yet some of the most basic questions in prion science have remained unanswered
Electrical, structural, and chemical properties of HfO₂ films formed by electron beam evaporation

High dielectric constant hafnium oxide films were formed by electron beam (e-beam) evaporation on HF last terminated silicon (100) wafers. We report on the influence of low energy argon plasma ( ∼ 70 eV) and oxygen flow rate on the electrical, chemical, and structural properties of metal-insulator-silicon structures incorporating these e-beam deposited HfO2 films. The use of the film-densifying low energy argon plasma during the deposition results in an increase in the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) values. We employ high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and medium energy ion scattering experiments to investigate and understand the mechanisms leading to the EOT increase. We demonstrate very good agreement between the interfacial silicon oxide thicknesses derived independently from XPS and HRTEM measurements. We find that the e-beam evaporation technique enabled us to control the SiOx interfacial layer thickness down to ∼ 6 Å. Very low leakage current density (<10−4 A/cm2) is measured at flatband voltage +1 V into accumulation for an estimated EOT of 10.9±0.1 Å. Based on a combined HRTEM and capacitance-voltage (CV) analysis, employing a quantum-mechanical CV fitting procedure, we determine the dielectric constant (k) of HfO2 films, and associated interfacial SiOx layers, formed under various processing conditions. The k values are found to be 21.2 for HfO2 and 6.3 for the thinnest ( ∼ 6 Å) SiOx interfacial layer. The cross-wafer variations in the physical and electrical properties of the HfO2 films are presented
Survivorship of juvenile surf clams Donax serra (Bivalvia, Donacidae) exposed to severe hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide

Toxic "sulphide eruptions" sporadically occur in the highly productive inshore regions of the central Namibian Benguela upwelling system. The surf clam Donax serra (R&ouml;ding, 1798) dominates the intertidal and upper subtidal of large exposed sandy beaches of southern Africa and its recruitment seems to be affected by sulphide events. The reaction of juvenile surf clams to low oxygen concentrations and sulphide occurrence (0.1 mmol l-1) was examined by in vitro exposure experiments in a gas-tight continuous flow system. After 2 h of hypoxic- and hypoxic-sulphidic conditions clams moved to the sediment surface, aiding their passive transport to areas with more favourable conditions. The clams showed a high sulphide detoxification capacity by oxidising the penetrating hydrogen sulphide to non-toxic thiosulphate. Moreover, juvenile D. serra switched to anaerobic energy production, indicated by the significant accumulation of succinate and, to some extent, alanine. Test animals were not able to reduce their energy requirements enough to withstand long periods of exposure, leading to a median survival time (LT50) of 80 h under hypoxic sulphide incubation. In conclusion, natural "sulphide eruptions", especially those with a large spatial and temporal extension, have to be considered as an important factor for D. serra recruitment failures. Hydrogen sulphide is assumed to be a potential community structuring factor
Measuring dynamic market selection by persistent scale inefficiencies - new methodology applied to EU business services

The paper proposes a new way of analysing the efficiency of dynamic market selection, based on the persistence of scale economies. The new methodology is used to investigate the causes of stagnating productivity growth in EU business services. An efficient market ensures that more productive firms grow faster than others. Conversely, firms with weaker performance would be outcompeted and shrink, and eventually go broke. This paper uses scale diseconomies and their persistence as indicator for the effectiveness of market selection. 
	We use a DEA method to construct the productivity frontier by sub-sector and size class, for business services in 13 EU countries. From this we derive scale economies and their development over time. Our results indicate malfunctioning competitive selection. Between 1999 and 2005 we observe a persistence of scale diseconomies, with scale efficiency falling rather than growing over time. In panel regressions we find the distance to the productivity frontier (within and between size classes) to be significantly explained by regulatory policies that hamper entry and exit dynamics and labour adjustment, and by a lack of import penetration and domestic start-ups. 
	The results suggest that policy reform and more market openness may have positive productivity effects. This holds for business services itself, but also wider, because of business services’ large role in intermediary production inputs.
Is energy consumption effective to spur economic growth in Pakistan? new evidence from bounds test to level relationships and Granger causality tests

The present study investigates the relationship between energy (renewable and nonrenewable) consumption and economic growth using Cobb-Douglas production function in case of Pakistan over the period of 1972-2011. We have used ARDL bounds testing and Gregory and Hansen (1990) structural break cointegration approaches for long run while stationarity properties of the variables are tested applying Clemente-Montanes-Reyes (1998) structural break unit root test.

Our results confirm cointegration between renewable energy consumption, nonrenewable energy consumption, economic growth, capital and labor in case of Pakistan. The findings show that both renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption add to economic growth. Capital and labour are also important determinants of economic growth. The VECM granger causality analysis validates the existence of feedback hypotheses between renewable energy consumption and economic growth, nonrenewable energy consumption and economic growth, economic growth and capital.