pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Planck intermediate results. XVII. Emission of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium from the far-infrared to microwave frequencies

The dust-Hi correlation is used to characterize the emission properties
of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) from far infrared
wavelengths to microwave frequencies. The field of this investigation
encompasses the part of the southern sky best suited to study the cosmic
infrared and microwave backgrounds. We cross-correlate sky maps from
Planck, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and the diffuse
infrared background experiment (DIRBE), at 17 frequencies from 23 to
3000 GHz, with the Parkes survey of the 21 cm line emission of neutral
atomic hydrogen, over a contiguous area of 7500 deg<SUP>2</SUP> centred
on the southern Galactic pole. We present a general methodology to study
the dust-Hi correlation over the sky, including simulations to quantify
uncertainties. Our analysis yields four specific results. (1) We map the
temperature, submillimetre emissivity, and opacity of the dust per
H-atom. The dust temperature is observed to be anti-correlated with the
dust emissivity and opacity. We interpret this result as evidence of
dust evolution within the diffuse ISM. The mean dust opacity is measured
to be (7.1 � 0.6) � 10<SUP>-27</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>
H<SUP>-1</SUP> � (nu/ 353 GHz)<SUP>1.53 � 0.03</SUP> for
100 <= nu <= 353 GHz. This is a reference value to estimate
hydrogen column densities from dust emission at submillimetre and
millimetre wavelengths. (2) We map the spectral index
beta<SUB>mm</SUB> of dust emission at millimetre wavelengths (defined
here as nu <= 353 GHz), and find it to be remarkably constant at
beta<SUB>mm</SUB> = 1.51 � 0.13. We compare it with the far
infrared spectral index beta<SUB>FIR</SUB> derived from greybody fits
at higher frequencies, and find a systematic difference,
beta<SUB>mm</SUB> - beta<SUB>FIR</SUB> = - 0.15, which suggests that
the dust spectral energy distribution (SED) flattens at nu <= 353
GHz. (3) We present spectral fits of the microwave emission correlated
with Hi from 23 to 353 GHz, which separate dust and anomalous microwave
emission (AME). We show that the flattening of the dust SED can be
accounted for with an additional component with a blackbody spectrum.
This additional component, which accounts for (26 � 6)% of the
dust emission at 100 GHz, could represent magnetic dipole emission.
Alternatively, it could account for an increasing contribution of carbon
dust, or a flattening of the emissivity of amorphous silicates, at
millimetre wavelengths. These interpretations make different predictions
for the dust polarization SED. (4) We analyse the residuals of the
dust-Hi correlation. We identify a Galactic contribution to these
residuals, which we model with variations of the dust emissivity on
angular scales smaller than that of our correlation analysis. This model
of the residuals is used to quantify uncertainties of the CIB power
spectrum in a companion Planck paper.

Appendices are available in electronic form at <A href="http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201323270/olm">http://www.aanda.org</A
Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.4 (2012): 069 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search is presented for same-sign top-quark production and down-type heavy quarks of charge -1/3 in events with two isolated leptons (e or μ) that have the same electric charge, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum. The data are selected from pp collisions at ps = 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb-1. The observed data are consistent with expectations from Standard Model processes. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the cross section of new sources of same-sign top-quark pair production of 1.4-2.0 pb depending on the assumed mediator mass. Upper limits are also set on the pair-production cross-section for new heavy down-type quarks; a lower limit of 450 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of heavy down-type quarks under the assumption that they decay 100% of the time to W
Properties of submillimeter galaxies in the CANDELS GOODS-south field

We derive physical properties of 10 submillimeter galaxies located in the CANDELS coverage of the GOODS-S field. The galaxies were first identified as submillimeter sources with the LABOCA bolometer and subsequently targeted for 870 m continuum observation with ALMA. The high angular resolution of the ALMA imaging allows secure counterparts to be identified in the CANDELS multiband data set. The CANDELS data provide deep photometric data from UV through near-infrared wavelengths. Using synthetic spectral energy distributions, we derive photometric redshifts, stellar masses, extinction, ages, and the star formation history. The redshift range is z = 1.65-4.76, with two of the galaxies located at z > 4. Two submillimeter galaxy (SMG) counterparts have stellar masses 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the rest. The remaining SMG counterparts have stellar masses around 1 x 1011 M. The stellar population in the SMGs is typically older than the expected duration of the submillimeter phase, suggesting that the star formation history of SMGs is more complex than a single burst. Non-parametric morphology indices suggest that the SMG counterparts are among the most asymmetric systems compared with galaxies of the same stellar mass and redshift. The Hubble Space Telescope images show that three of the SMGs are associated with ongoing mergers. The remaining counterparts are isolated. Estimating the dust and molecular gas mass from the submillimeter fluxes, and comparing with our stellar masses shows that the gas mass fraction of SMGs is ~28% and that the final stellar mass is likely to be ~(1 - 2) x 1011 M.IS
Measurement of Ampère-class pulsed electron beams via field emission from carbon-nanotube cathodes in a radiofrequency gun

Pulsed field emission from cold carbon-nanotube cathodes placed in a radiofrequency resonant cavity was directly measured. The cathodes were located on the backplate of a conventional 1+1/2 -cell resonant cavity operating at 1.3-GHz and resulted in the production of bunch train with maximum average current close to 0.7 Ampère. The measured Fowler-Nordheim characteristic, transverse emittance, and pulse duration are presented and, when possible, compared to numerical simulations. The implications of our results to the promise of high-average-current electron sources are briefly discussed.This work was funded via U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DE-SC0004459 with Radiabeam Technologies, LLC. Fermilab is operated by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. for the DOE under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359
Proteins and esterase isoenzymes during developmental stages of organophosphate resistant strains in Anopheles stephensi Liston

The proteins and esterase isoenzymes from Anopheles stephensi were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.  Changes in proteins and esterase isoenzyme patterns during developmental stages were studied.  A few specific protein bands were present esp. in the third instar larval stage.  In most strains, eggs showed only one esterase band.  During the larval development many bands were gradually formed and most anodal bands were lost upon pupation.  The adults showed differences in intensity and mobility exhibiting sexual dimorphism.  The protein and esterase isoenzyme patterns of organophosphate (fenthion, methyl parathion and malathion) resistant and susceptible strains during developmental stages were compared.  The zymogram and relative mobility showed variation in the no. of intensity of proteins and esterase bands in the resistant strains as compared to the susceptible strains
Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey
  properties

At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data
release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion
sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. We summarize Gaia DR1 and provide
illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion
of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Gaia DR1
consists of: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions,
parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars
in common with the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues and a secondary astrometric
data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The
second component is the photometric data set,consisting of mean G-band
magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of
~3000 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south
ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set
the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and
about 1 mas/yr for the proper motions. A systematic component of ~0.3 mas
should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ~94000
Hipparcos stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more
precise at about 0.06 mas/yr. For the secondary astrometric data set, the
typical uncertainty of the positions is ~10 mas. The median uncertainties on
the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ~0.03 mag over the
magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping
of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin
observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this
first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the
data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions
from the data.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures. This paper has 591 co-authors. Accepted by A&A
  in the Gaia Special Feature. The Gaia data, documentation and access
  facilities can be found at http://archives.esac.esa.int/gaia
Optimal run-and-tumble based transportation of a Janus particle with
  active steering

Even though making artificial micrometric swimmers has been made possible by
using various propulsion mechanisms, guiding their motion in the presence of
thermal fluctuations still remains a great challenge. Such a task is essential
in biological systems, which present a number of intriguing solutions that are
robust against noisy environmental conditions as well as variability in
individual genetic makeup. Using synthetic Janus particles driven by an
electric field, we present a feedback-based particle guiding method, quite
analogous to the "run-and-tumbling" behavior of Escherichia coli but with a
deterministic steering in the tumbling phase: the particle is set to the "run"
state when its orientation vector aligns with the target, while the transition
to the "steering" state is triggered when it exceeds a tolerance angle
{\alpha}. The active and deterministic reorientation of the particle is
achieved by a characteristic rotational motion that can be switched on and off
by modulating the AC frequency of the electric field, first reported in this
work. Relying on numerical simulations and analytical results, we show that
this feedback algorithm can be optimized by tuning the tolerance angle
{\alpha}. The optimal resetting angle depends on signal to noise ratio in the
steering state, and it is demonstrated in the experiment. Proposed method is
simple and robust for targeting, despite variability in self-propelling speeds
and angular velocities of individual particles
Measurement of the $ZZ$ production cross section in $pp$ collisions at
  $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV using the $ZZ\to\ell^{-}\ell^{+}\ell^{\prime
  -}\ell^{\prime +}$ and $ZZ\to\ell^{-}\ell^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ channels with the
  ATLAS detector

A measurement of the $ZZ$ production in the $\ell^{-}\ell^{+}\ell^{\prime
-}\ell^{\prime +}$ and $\ell^{-}\ell^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ channels $(\ell = e,
\mu)$ in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV at the Large Hadron
Collider at CERN, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3
fb$^{-1}$ collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 is presented. The fiducial
cross sections for $ZZ\to\ell^{-}\ell^{+}\ell^{\prime -}\ell^{\prime +}$ and
$ZZ\to \ell^{-}\ell^{+}\nu\bar{\nu}$ are measured in selected phase-space
regions. The total cross section for $ZZ$ events produced with both $Z$ bosons
in the mass range 66 to 116 GeV is measured from the combination of the two
channels to be
$7.3\pm0.4\textrm{(stat)}\pm0.3\textrm{(syst)}\pm0.2\textrm{(lumi)}$ pb, which
is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of $6.6^{+0.7}_{-0.6}$ pb. The
differential cross sections in bins of various kinematic variables are
presented. The differential event yield as a function of the transverse
momentum of the leading $Z$ boson is used to set limits on anomalous neutral
triple gauge boson couplings in $ZZ$ production.Comment: 55 pages in total, author list starting page 39, 9 figures, 11
  tables, accepted for publication in JHEP. All figures including auxiliary
  figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2014-16
Coronal holes and open magnetic flux over cycles 23 and 24.

As the observational signature of the footprints of solar magnetic field lines open into the heliosphere, coronal holes provide a critical measure of the structure and evolution of these lines. Using a combination of Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SOHO/EIT), Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA), and Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (STEREO/EUVI A/B) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations spanning 1996 – 2015 (nearly two solar cycles), coronal holes are automatically detected and characterized. Coronal hole area distributions show distinct behavior in latitude, defining the domain of polar and low-latitude coronal holes. The northern and southern polar regions show a clear asymmetry, with a lag between hemispheres in the appearance and disappearance of polar coronal holes
Human CD14dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors.

Monocytes are effectors of the inflammatory response to microbes. Human CD14(+) monocytes specialize in phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species and secrete inflammatory cytokines in response to a broad range of microbial cues. Here, we have characterized the functions of human monocytes that lack CD14 (CD14(dim)) and express CD16. CD14(dim) monocytes were genetically distinct from natural killer cells. Gene expression analyses indicated similarities with murine patrolling Gr1(dim) monocytes, and they patrolled the endothelium of blood vessels after adoptive transfer, in a lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1-dependent manner. CD14(dim) monocytes were weak phagocytes and did not produce ROS or cytokines in response to cell-surface Toll-like receptors. Instead, they selectively produced TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL3 in response to viruses and immune complexes containing nucleic acids, via a proinflammatory TLR7-TLR 8-MyD88-MEK pathway. Thus, CD14(dim) cells are bona fide monocytes involved in the innate local surveillance of tissues and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
Pulmonary ORMDL3 is critical for induction of Alternaria induced allergic airways disease

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies have identified the ORMDL3 (ORM (yeast)-like protein isoform 3) gene locus on human chromosome 17q to be a highly significant risk factor for childhood-onset asthma. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate in vivo the functional role of ORMDL3 in disease inception. METHODS: An Ormdl3 deficient mouse was generated and the role of ORMDL3 in the generation of allergic airways disease to the fungal aeroallergen Alternaria alternata determined. An adeno-associated viral vector was also utilized to reconstitute ORMDL3 expression in airway epithelial cells of Ormdl3 KO mice. RESULTS: Ormdl3 knock-out mice were found to be protected from developing allergic airways disease and showed a marked decrease in pathophysiology, including lung function and airway eosinophilia induced by Alternaria. Alternaria is a potent inducer of cellular stress and the unfolded protein response and ORMDL3 was found to play a critical role in driving the ATF6 mediated arm of this response through Xbp1 and downstream activation of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Additionally ORMDL3 mediated uric acid release, another marker of cellular stress. In the knockout mice, reconstitution of Ormdl3 transcript levels specifically in the bronchial epithelium resulted in reinstatement of susceptibility to fungal allergen-induced allergic airways disease. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that ORMDL3, an asthma susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association studies, contributes to key pathways that promote changes in airway physiology during allergic immune responses
Measurement of Wγ and Zγ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of Wγ and Zγ production in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented. Results are based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[superscript −1]. The electron and muon decay channels of the W and Z are used. The total cross sections are measured for photon transverse energy E [γ over τ] > 10 GeV and spatial separation from charged leptons in the plane of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle ΔR(ℓ,γ) > 0.7, and with an additional dilepton invariant mass requirement of M[subscript ℓℓ] > 50 GeV for the Zγ process. The following cross section times branching fraction values are found: σ(pp→Wγ+X) × B(W→ℓν) = 56.3 ± 5.0(stat.) ± 5.0(syst.) ± 2.3(lumi.) pb and σ(pp→Zγ+X)  × B(Z→ℓℓ) = 9.4 ± 1.0(stat.) ± 0.6(syst.) ± 0.4(lumi.) pb. These measurements are in agreement with standard model predictions. The first limits on anomalous WWγ, ZZγ, and Zγγ trilinear gauge couplings at √s = 7 TeV source are set.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Boundedness of cohomology

AbstractLet d∈N and let Dd denote the class of all pairs (R,M) in which R=⊕n∈N0Rn is a Noetherian homogeneous ring with Artinian base ring R0 and such that M is a finitely generated graded R-module of dimension ⩽d. For such a pair (R,M) let dMi(n) denote the (finite) R0-length of the n-th graded component of the i-th R+-transform module DR+i(M).The cohomology table of a pair (R,M)∈Dd is defined as the family of non-negative integers dM:=(dMi(n))(i,n)∈N×Z. We say that a subclass C of Dd is of finite cohomology if the set {dM|(R,M)∈C} is finite. A set S⊆{0,…,d−1}×Z is said to bound cohomology, if for each family (hσ)σ∈S of non-negative integers, the class {(R,M)∈Dd|dMi(n)⩽h(i,n)for all(i,n)∈S} is of finite cohomology. Our main result says that this is the case if and only if S contains a quasi diagonal, that is a set of the form {(i,ni)|i=0,…,d−1} with integers n0>n1>⋯>nd−1.We draw a number of conclusions of this boundedness criterion
Homogenization of high-contrast two-phase conductivities perturbed by a magnetic field. Comparison between dimension two and dimension three

AbstractHomogenized laws for sequences of high-contrast two-phase non-symmetric conductivities perturbed by a parameter h are derived in two and three dimensions. The parameter h characterizes the antisymmetric part of the conductivity for an idealized model of a conductor in the presence of a magnetic field. In dimension two an extension of the Dykhne transformation to non-periodic high conductivities permits to prove that the homogenized conductivity depends on h through some homogenized matrix-valued function obtained in the absence of a magnetic field. This result is improved in the periodic framework thanks to an alternative approach, and illustrated by a cross-like thin structure. Using other tools, a fiber-reinforced medium in dimension three provides a quite different homogenized conductivity
The complex structures of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermocellum and Desulfotalea psychrophila suggest a new active site locking mechanism

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes the oxidative NAD(P)+-dependent decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate and CO2 and is present in organisms spanning the biological range of temperature. We have solved two crystal structures of the thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum IDH (CtIDH), a native open apo CtIDH to 2.35Å and a quaternary complex of CtIDH with NADP+, isocitrate and Mg2+ to 2.5Å. To compare to these a quaternary complex structure of the psychrophilic Desulfotalea psychrophila IDH (DpIDH) was also resolved to 1.93Å. CtIDH and DpIDH showed similar global thermal stabilities with melting temperatures of 67.9 and 66.9°C, respectively. CtIDH represents a typical thermophilic enzyme, with a large number of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds per residue combined with stabilization of the N and C termini. CtIDH had a higher activity temperature optimum, and showed greater affinity for the substrates with an active site that was less thermolabile compared to DpIDH. The uncompensated negative surface charge and the enlarged methionine cluster in the hinge region both of which are important for cold activity in DpIDH, were absent in CtIDH. These structural comparisons revealed that prokaryotic IDHs in subfamily II have a unique locking mechanism involving Arg310, Asp251′ and Arg255 (CtIDH). These interactions lock the large domain to the small domain and direct NADP+ into the correct orientation, which together are important for NADP+ selectivity
Integrability of the evolution equations for heavy–light baryon distribution amplitudes

AbstractWe consider evolution equations describing the scale dependence of the wave function of a baryon containing an infinitely heavy quark and a pair of light quarks at small transverse separations, which is the QCD analogue of the helium atom. The evolution equations depend on the relative helicity of the light quarks. For the aligned helicities, we find that the equation is completely integrable, that is, it has a nontrivial integral of motion, and obtain exact analytic expressions for the eigenfunctions and the anomalous dimensions. The evolution equation for anti-aligned helicities contains an extra term that breaks integrability and creates a “bound state” with the anomalous dimension separated from the rest of the spectrum by a finite gap. The corresponding eigenfunction is found using numerical methods. It describes the momentum fraction distribution of the light quarks in, e.g., Λb-baryon at large scales