pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Colony Connectivity of Pacific Coast Double-Crested Cormorants Based on Post-Breeding Dispersal From the Region’s Largest Colony

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291937-2817. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.To reduce conflicts with fish resources, other colonial waterbirds, and damage to habitats, double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are currently controlled (lethally and non-lethally) throughout much of their range. Concerns are growing over the Pacific Coast's largest double-crested cormorant colony at East Sand Island (ESI), Oregon near the mouth of the Columbia River, where cormorants forage on juvenile salmonids, many of which are listed under the United States Endangered Species Act. Management of this colony is currently under consideration and may call for a redistribution of a portion of this colony numbering more than 12,000 breeding pairs in 2009. We investigated regional and site-specific connectivity of ESI cormorants using satellite-telemetry to track post-breeding dispersal. Cormorants dispersed widely west of the Cascade-Sierra Nevada Mountains from British Columbia, Canada to northern Mexico. Tracking data demonstrated direct connectivity between the double-crested cormorant colony at ESI and nesting sites throughout the dispersal area. Results of this study indicate that some cormorants from ESI could disperse to prospect for nesting sites throughout much of the western portion of the range of the Western Population; however, regional variation in connectivity with the ESI population, distance from ESI, and site-specific nesting history will likely result in variable prospecting rates among regions and sub-regions. Management efforts aimed at redistributing ESI cormorants across western North America (e.g., social attraction or dissuasion techniques) might be best allocated to areas or sites known to be used by tagged cormorants, particularly those sites with an established nesting histor
Nest Success and Cause-Specific Nest Failure of Grassland Passerines Breeding in Prairie Grazed by Livestock

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by The Wildlife Society and published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. It can be found at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291937-2817. To the best of our knowledge, one or more authors of this paper were federal employees when contributing to this work.Livestock grazing is a widespread source of habitat modification, and may affect populations of ground-nesting grassland birds by influencing rates of nest failure. Nesting attempts can fail for various reasons, and determining risk of failure from specific causes associated with livestock grazing would enhance development of range management practices in areas managed for threatened grassland bird populations. Domestic livestock may influence nest failure by affecting vegetation structure, numerical or functional responses of predators, or directly by trampling nests. We hypothesized stocking rate may influence nest fate because it affects the amount and distribution of remaining vegetation, and the number of large herbivores to which nests are exposed. In 2007 and 2008, we evaluated nest fates for savannah sparrows and horned larks under 4 stocking rates experimentally applied in 40-ha paddocks in northeastern Oregon, USA. In addition to stocking rate, we evaluated variables such as vegetation structure and predator abundance and activity to help clarify mechanisms responsible for nest failure. We used a discrete competing risks framework to estimate daily probability of nest survival and failure from specific causes. These algorithms, implemented in a stand-alone graphical user interface-driven model, allow incorporation of covariates within an information theoretic approach to model inference. Although stocking rate influenced vegetation structure, the only nest failures related to stocking rate were from trampling. Trampling events were too infrequent to test for treatment effects (only 1 nest of each species), but occurred in the moderate and high stocking treatments. Additional variables were related to variation in nest failure from predation, but we found no support for the hypothesis that these causes of failure were affected by stocking rate. For savannah sparrows, daily probability of nest success (95% CI) = 0.97 (0.96–0.98); predation = 0.018 (0.008–0.028); and trampling = 0.001 (0.000–0.004). For horned larks, daily probability of nest success = 0.96 (0.95–0.98); predation = 0.029 (0.012–0.045); and trampling = 0.003 (0.000–0.007). Our results suggest grasslands managed for livestock may generally be compatible with grassland songbird conservation, at least for the species and stocking rates examined here. The most effective conservation strategies for improving nest success will involve decreasing risk of nest predation. However, we found no evidence that management of stocking rate is an effective method for doing so
Home range and habitat analysis using dynamic time geography

Wildlife home ranges continue to be a common spatial unit for modeling animal habitat selection. Telemetry data are increasing in spatial and temporal detail and new methods are being developed to incorporate fine resolution data into home range delineation. We extended a previously developed home range estimation technique that incorporates theory from time geography, the potential path area (PPA) home range, to allow the home range to be defined at multiple spatial scales depending on the observed rate of movement within the data. The benefits of this approach are demonstrated with a simulation study, which uses multi-state correlated random walks to represent dynamic movement phases to compare the modified PPA home range technique with a suite of other home range estimation methods (PPA home range, kernel density estimation, Brownian bridges, and dynamic Brownian bridges). We used a case study on caribou (Rangifer tarandus) movement from northern Canada to highlight the value of this approach for characterizing habitat conditions associated with wildlife habitat analysis. We used a simple habitat covariate, percent forest cover, to explore the potential for misleading habitat estimates when home ranges do not include potentially visited locations (omission area) or include areas not possibly visited (commission area). We highlight the advantages of the dynamic PPA home range in the context of quantifying omission and commission areas in other home range techniques. Finally, we provide our R code for calculating dynamic PPA home range estimates.PostprintPeer reviewe
Achieving landscape-scale deer management for biodiversity conservation: The need to consider sources and sinks

Hyper-herbivory following predator removal is a global issue. Across North America and Europe, increasing deer numbers are affecting biodiversity and human epidemiology, but effectiveness of deer management in heterogeneous landscapes remains poorly understood. In forest habitats in Europe, deer numbers are rarely assessed and management is mainly based on impacts. Even where managed areas achieve stable or improving impact levels, the extent to which they act as sinks or persist as sources exporting deer to the wider landscape remains unknown. We present a framework to quantify effectiveness of deer management at the landscape scale. Applied across 234 km2 of Eastern England, we assessed management of invasive Reeve’s muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and native roe (Capreolus capreolus), measuring deer density (using thermal imaging distance transects 780 km/year), fertility, neonatal survival, and culling to quantify source-sink dynamics over 2008–2010. Despite management that removed 23–40% of the annual population, 1,287 (95% CI: 289–2,680) muntjac and 585 (454–1,533) roe deer dispersed annually into the wider landscape, consistent with their ongoing range expansion. For roe deer, culled individuals comprised fewer young deer than predicted by a Leslie matrix model assuming a closed population, consistent with agedependent emigration. In this landscape, for roe and muntjac, an annual cull of at least 60% and 53%, respectively, is required to offset annual production. Failure to quantify deer numbers and productivity has allowed high density populations to persist as regional sources contributing to range expansion, despite deliberative management programs, and without recognition by managers who considered numbers and impacts to be stable. Reversing an unfavorable condition of woodland biodiversity requires appropriate culls across large contiguous areas, supported by knowledge of deer numbers and fertility
Inverse Relationship between Tensile Bond Strength and Dimensions of Bonded Area

It is a known fact that there is a relationship between magnitude of bonded area and laboratory tensile test results. This relationship has been described for a range of areas between 1 and 100 mm2, in extracted, nonperfused teeth. The aim of this study is to test this relationship in perfused teeth, with bonden areas ranging from 0.7 to 110.9 mm2. Dentin of 92 sound third human molars was exposed and perfused, and three groups of bonden areas (BA) were delimited: small (0.69-1.89 mm2), medium (8.66-19.54 mm2), and large (58.91-110.86 mm2). Tensile bond strength (TBS) of three adhesive restorative systems was found. The best nonlinear curve estimation was searched (SPSS 9.0) between TBS and BA, for each and all materials. The best estimation was, for all materials, TBS = 4.17 + 10.35/BA (p minor to 0.0001
Rate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms with O3 at temperatures from 298 to 184 K

Using the standard, low pressure, discharge-flow technique, with resonance fluorescence in the vacuum ultraviolet to observe Cl atoms, rate constants have been determined for the reaction of Cl atoms with O\(_3\) at temperatures down to 184 K. The measured rate constants for 298-184 K fit the Arrhenius expression: 
 
k(T) = (3.6 \(\pm\) 0.7) \(\times\) 10\(^{-11}\) exp(( - 310 \(\pm\) 50 K) / T) cm\(^3\) molecule\(^{-1}\) s\(^{-1}\). 
 
The results extend the data on this key atmospheric reaction to slightly lower temperatures. The data are in fairly good agreement with those currently in the literature but suggest that the rate constant approximately 15% lower than that given by currently recommended rate expressions at the lowest temperatures found in the stratosphere
Kinetics of oxidation of pantothenic acid by choramine-T in perchloric acid and in alkaline medium catalyzed by OsO4: A mechanistic approach

Kinetics of oxidation of pantothenic acid (PA) by sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide or chloramine-T (CAT) in the presence of HClO4 and NaOH (catalyzed by OsO4) has been investigated at 313 K. The stoichiometry and oxidation products are same in both media; however, their kinetic patterns were found to be different. In acid medium, the rate shows first-order dependence on [CAT](O), fractional-order dependence on [PA](o), and inverse fractional-order on [H+]. in alkaline medium, the rate shows first-order dependence each on [CAT](O) and [PA](O) and fractional-order dependence on each of [OH-] and [OsO4]. Effects of added p-toluenesulfonamide and halide ions, varying ionic strength, and dielectric constant of medium as well as solvent isotope on the rate of reaction have been investigated. Activation parameters were evaluated, and the reaction constants involved in the mechanisms have been computed. The proposed mechanisms and the derived rate laws are consistent with the observed kinetics. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Kinetic analysis of solid-state reactions: Precision of the activation energy calculated by integral methods

The integral methods are extensively used for the kinetic analysis of solid-state reactions. As the Arrhenius integral function [p(χ)] does not have an exact analytical solution, different approximated equations have been proposed in the literature for performing the kinetic analysis of experimental integral data. Since the first approximation of Van Krevelen, a large number of equations have been proposed with the objective of increasing the precision in the determination of the Arrhenius integral, as checked from the standard deviation of the approximated function with regard to the real exact value of the integral. However, the main application of these equations is the determination of the kinetic parameters, in particular activation energies, and not the computation of the Arrhenius integral. A systematic analysis of the errors involved in the determination of the activation energy from these integral methods is still missing. A comparative study of the precision of the activation energy as a function of χ and T computed from the different integral methods has been carried out
The formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− through mercury(II)-catalyzed ligand substitution reaction: a kinetic and mechanistic study

The kinetics and mechanism of the formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− based on the substitution reaction between K4[Fe(CN)6] and isoniazid (INH), i.e., isonicotinohydrazide, catalyzed by Hg2+ in aqueous medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 435 nm (the λmax of the golden-yellow-colored complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the concentration of the reactants and the catalyst. The replacement of coordinated CN− in [Fe(CN)6]4− was facilitated by incoming ligand INH under the optimized reaction conditions: pH 3.5 ± 0.02, temperature = 30.0 ± 0.1°C, and ionic strength I = 0.05 M (KNO3). The stoichiometry of the reaction and the stability constant of the complex ([Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) have been established as 1:1 and 2.10 × 103 M, respectively. The rate of catalyzed reaction was found to be slow at low pH values, to increase with increasing pH, to attain a maximum value at 3.50 ± 0.02, and finally to decrease after pH > 3.5 due to less availability of H+ ions needed to regenerate the catalytic species. The initial rates were evaluated for each variation from the absorbance versus time curves. The reaction was found to be pseudo-first order with respect to [INH] and first order with respect to [Fe(CN)64−] at lower concentration, whereas it was found to be fractional order at higher [INH] and [Fe(CN)64−]. The ionic strength dependence study showed a negative salt effect on the rate of the reaction. Based on experimental results, a mechanism for the studied reaction is proposed. The rate equation derived from this mechanism explains all the experimental observations. The evaluated values of activation parameters for the catalyzed reaction suggest an interchange dissociative (Id) mechanism
Reaction Schemes that are Easily Confused with a Reversible First Order Reaction

A detailed kinetic analysis of two schemes, one involving coupled consecutive processes and another featuring the simultaneous association reaction and decay of a component, is presented here using Taylor series expansion. It is shown that both of these schemes are easily confused with the reversible second–order reaction in a routine kinetic study. The kinetic traces predicted by both schemes are sufficiently close to pseudo–first–order curves so that it is practically impossible to identify the deviations based on data with the usual experimental errors, which was also demonstrated by fitting simulated theoretical curves to exponential functions. The dependence of the pseudo–first–order rate constants on the concentration of the excess reagent features the same trend as in the case of a reversible reaction: A straight line with an intercept is observed. This analysis emphasizes that the reversible nature of reactions should be demonstrated by direct equilibrium studies when elements of reversibility are implied by kinetic results
ChemKED: a human- and machine-readable data standard for chemical
  kinetics experiments

Fundamental experimental measurements of quantities such as ignition delay
times, laminar flame speeds, and species profiles (among others) serve
important roles in understanding fuel chemistry and validating chemical kinetic
models. However, despite both the importance and abundance of such information
in the literature, the community lacks a widely adopted standard format for
this data. This impedes both sharing and wide use by the community. Here we
introduce a new chemical kinetics experimental data format, ChemKED, and the
related Python-based package for validating and working with ChemKED-formatted
files called PyKED. We also review past and related efforts, and motivate the
need for a new solution. ChemKED currently supports the representation of
autoignition delay time measurements from shock tubes and rapid compression
machines. ChemKED-formatted files contain all of the information needed to
simulate experimental data points, including the uncertainty of the data.
ChemKED is based on the YAML data serialization language, and is intended as a
human- and machine-readable standard for easy creation and automated use.
Development of ChemKED and PyKED occurs openly on GitHub under the BSD 3-clause
license, and contributions from the community are welcome. Plans for future
development include support for experimental data from laminar flame, jet
stirred reactor, and speciation measurements.Comment: 22 pages, accepted for publication in the International Journal of
  Chemical Kinetic
Knowledge management and decision support for electrical power utilities

This paper describes a case study for a knowledge management project carried out in conjunction with two major UK electrical utilities. The focus of the work is on the design of protection schemes for electrical power transmission systems. A brief overview is provided of the traditional protection system design processes implemented within both companies and the associated shortcomings relating to the management of the data, information and knowledge throughout this process. The development of the Design Engineering Knowledge Application System (DEKAS), designed to address the knowledge management issues within both companies, is described, and the perceived benefits this system offers the existing protection design and application process of each company will be discussed
Knowledge sharing barriers in complex research and development projects : an exploratory study on the perceptions of project managers

Many organizations depend on the success of rapidly deployed, limited time frame and multipartner projects as an important element of their business strategies. Information management is regarded as a critical and upmost important issue, especially in projects. Complex projects require additional team collaboration and a consistent information management strategy to support the development of the project. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study on information management barriers in complex projects, particularly focusing issues and difficulties recognized by project participants and managers. Our study intends to fill the gap in empirical research regarding this subject and to provide new insights for project managers of complex projects to devise more effective information management strategies and tools to set up and run information technology platforms.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
Requirements elicitation and planning of a knowledge portal : case study of a property management division in a housing organization

Enterprise knowledge portals offer, among other characteristics, a centralized access point for information as well as a wide range of tools and content for individual knowledge workers to personalize to suit their daily tasks. Such tasks often include the collection, aggregation, and analysis of data/information as well as collaborative work among workers to solve problems and make decisions. Leveraging on a quantitative–qualitative research approach including the use of a prior research instrument developed for the elicitation of requirements for collaboration tools, this paper seeks to identify the primary and secondary functions of a knowledge portal for knowledge workers in the property management division of a housing organization in Hong Kong. Although portals are often treated as a kind of stand-alone enterprise knowledge management systems, proper planning and deployment of a portal with appropriate functionalities and a widely agreed content classification scheme can also help to enhance the navigation and presentation of knowledge assets in a knowledge-leveraged organization. In particular, the introduction of a federated search engine can save considerable time in conducting (multiple) searches; selective Web 2.0 tools can help to foster collaborative work as well as help knowledge workers to reduce time spent on search but keep pace with nominated topics on a timely basis. Drawing on the existing literature as well as the authors' experience in working with many other organizations to deploy portals and relevant tools in the Asia Pacific, the initial recommendations are further consolidated to form a two-phase deployment with the aim of enhancing the probability of success for the knowledge journey in the housing organization.Department of Building and Real EstateDepartment of Industrial and Systems EngineeringAuthor name used in this manuscript: Patrick S. W. Fong2011-2012 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalpreprint_postprin
Information management barriers in complex research and development projects : an exploratory study on the perceptions of project managers

Many organizations depend on the success of rapidly deployed, limited time frame and multipartner projects as an important element of their business strategies. Information management is regarded as a critical and upmost important issue, especially in projects. Complex projects require additional team collaboration and a consistent information management strategy to support the development of the project. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study on information management barriers in complex projects, particularly focusing issues and difficulties recognized by project participants and managers. Our study intends to fill the gap in empirical research regarding this subject and to provide new insights for project managers of complex projects to devise more effective information management strategies and tools to set up and run information technology platforms.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
A knowledge flow model to capture unstructured product development processes

Product knowledge emerges from day-to-day, ubiquitous interactions executed by engineers. Types of interaction and their associated influence on knowledge activities are often not perceptible, and therefore not captured in current industrial practices. To emphasize the importance of interactions, an interaction-centric model, along with necessary knowledge elements, is proposed. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed model, two industrial observational case studies were conducted. In total, nine engineers were observed. The paper reports validation of the proposed model emphasizing interaction as a core element associated with knowledge activities and mapping knowledge elements. The frequency and duration of time spent on the variety of interaction types and knowledge activities are detailed. The commonly used interactions for respective knowledge activities are elaborated. The proposed model should help understand knowledge activities in organizations better and act as a valuable tool for conducting knowledge audit. Elicitation of the types of interactions and supporting knowledge activities should help engineers improve their understanding and their influences on product development