pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
What difference does Euro membership make to stabilization?: the political economy of international monetary systems revisited

For many political economists, the loss of monetary sovereignty is the major reason why the Southern periphery fared so badly in the Euro area crisis. Monetary sovereignty here means the ability of the central bank to devalue the exchange rate or to buy government debt by printing the domestic currency. We explore this diagnosis by comparing three countries – Hungary, Latvia and Greece – that received considerable amounts of external assistance under different monetary regimes. The evidence does not suggest that monetary sovereignty helped Hungary and Latvia to stabilize their economies. Rather, cooperation and external assistance made foreign banks share in the costs of stabilization. By contrast, the provision of liquidity by the European Central Bank inadvertently facilitated the reduction of foreign banks’ exposure to Greece which left the Greek sovereign even more exposed. By viewing the Euro area as a monetary system rather than an incomplete state, we see that what is needed for Euro area stabilization is cooperation over banking union, rather than a fully-fledged federal budget
Prevalência em toda a vida, distribuição por idade e sexo e idade de início de transtornos psiquiátricos na área metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil: resultados do Estudo Epidemiológico de Transtornos Mentais São Paulo Megacity

OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence, age-of-onset, gender distribution and identify correlates of lifetime psychiatric disorders in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). METHODS: The São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey assessed psychiatric disorders on a probabilistic sample of 5,037 adult residents in the SPMA, using the World Mental Health Survey Version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Response rate was 81.3%. RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence for any disorder was 44.8%; estimated risk at age 75 was 57.7%; comorbidity was frequent. Major depression, specific phobias and alcohol abuse were the most prevalent across disorders; anxiety disorders were the most frequent class. Early age-of-onset for phobic and impulse-control disorders and later age-of-onset for mood disorders were observed. Women were more likely to have anxiety and mood disorders, whereas men, substance use disorders. Apart from conduct disorders, more frequent in men, there were no gender differences in impulse-control disorders. There was a consistent trend of higher prevalence in the youngest cohorts. Low education level was associated to substance use disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among the general adult population in the SPMA, with frequent comorbidity, early age-of-onset for most disorders, and younger cohorts presenting higher rates of morbidity. Such scenario calls for vigorous public health action
The prospects for coal-fired power plants with carbon capture and storage:a UK perspective

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) facilities coupled to coal-fired power plants provide a climate change mitigation strategy that potentially permits the continued use of fossil fuels whilst reducing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Potential design routes for the capture, transport and storage of CO2 from United Kingdom (UK) power plants are examined. Energy and carbon analyses were performed on coal-fired power stations with and without CCS. Both currently available and novel CCS technologies are evaluated. Due to lower operating efficiencies, the CCS plants showed a longer energy payback period and a lower energy gain ratio than conventional plant. Cost estimates are reported in the context of recent UK industry-led attempts to determine opportunities for cost reductions across the whole CCS chain, alongside international endeavours to devise common CCS cost estimation methods. These cost figures should be viewed as ‘indicative’ or suggestive. They are nevertheless helpful to various CCS stakeholder groups [such as those in industry, policy makers (civil servants and the staff of various government agencies), and civil society and environmental ‘non-governmental organisations’ (NGOs)] in order to enable them to assess the role of this technology in national energy strategies and its impact on local communities
In vitro reconstitution of a CaMKII memory switch by an NMDA receptor-derived peptide.

Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been shown to play a major role in establishing memories through complex molecular interactions including phosphorylation of multiple synaptic targets. However, it is still controversial whether CaMKII itself serves as a molecular memory because of a lack of direct evidence. Here, we show that a single holoenzyme of CaMKII per se serves as an erasable molecular memory switch. We reconstituted Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent CaMKII autophosphorylation in the presence of protein phosphatase 1 in vitro, and found that CaMKII phosphorylation shows a switch-like response with history dependence (hysteresis) only in the presence of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-derived peptide. This hysteresis is Ca(2+) and protein phosphatase 1 concentration-dependent, indicating that the CaMKII memory switch is not simply caused by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-derived peptide lock of CaMKII in an active conformation. Mutation of a phosphorylation site of the peptide shifted the Ca(2+) range of hysteresis. These functions may be crucial for induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity at hippocampal synapses
THE DETECTION OF A SN IIn IN OPTICAL FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ICECUBE NEUTRINO EVENTS

The IceCube neutrino observatory pursues a follow-up program selecting interesting neutrino events in real-time and issuing alerts for electromagnetic follow-up observations. In 2012 March, the most significant neutrino alert during the first three years of operation was issued by IceCube. In the follow-up observations performed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) PTF12csy was found 0fdg2 away from the neutrino alert direction, with an error radius of 0fdg54. It has a redshift of z = 0.0684, corresponding to a luminosity distance of about 300 Mpc and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that its explosion time was at least 158 days (in host galaxy rest frame) before the neutrino alert, so that a causal connection is unlikely. The a posteriori significance of the chance detection of both the neutrinos and the SN at any epoch is 2.2σ within IceCube's 2011/12 data acquisition season. Also, a complementary neutrino analysis reveals no long-term signal over the course of one year. Therefore, we consider the SN detection coincidental and the neutrinos uncorrelated to the SN. However, the SN is unusual and interesting by itself: it is luminous and energetic, bearing strong resemblance to the SN IIn 2010jl, and shows signs of interaction of the SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. High-energy neutrino emission is expected in models of diffusive shock acceleration, but at a low, non-detectable level for this specific SN. In this paper, we describe the SN PTF12csy and present both the neutrino and electromagnetic data, as well as their analysis.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Edge-based nonlinear diffusion for finite element approximations of convection–diffusion equations and its relation to algebraic flux-correction schemes

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-016-0808-zFor the case of approximation of convection–diffusion equations using\ud
piecewise affine continuous finite elements a new edge-based nonlinear diffusion\ud
operator is proposed that makes the scheme satisfy a discrete maximum principle.\ud
The diffusion operator is shown to be Lipschitz continuous and linearity preserving.\ud
Using these properties we provide a full stability and error analysis, which, in the diffusion\ud
dominated regime, shows existence, uniqueness and optimal convergence. Then\ud
the algebraic flux correction method is recalled and we show that the present method\ud
can be interpreted as an algebraic flux correction method for a particular definition of\ud
the flux limiters. The performance of the method is illustrated on some numerical test\ud
cases in two space dimensions
Complementary characterization data in support of uniaxially aligned electrospun nanocomposite based on a model PVOH-epoxy system

This paper presents complementary data corresponding to char-\ud
acterization tests done for our research article entitled “Uniaxially\ud
aligned electrospun fibers for advanced nanocomposites based on\ud
a model PVOH-epoxysystem”. Poly(vinyl\ud
alcohol) and epoxy resin were selected as a model system and the\ud
effect of electrospun fiber loading on polymer properties was\ud
examined in conjunction with two manufacturing methods. A\ud
novel electrospinning technology for production of uniaxially\ud
aligned nanofiber arrays was used. A conventional wet lay-up\ud
fabrication method is compared against a novel, hybrid electro-\ud
spinning–electrospraying approach.The structure and thermo-\ud
mechanical properties of resulting composite materials were\ud
examined using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy
Building SO$_{10}$- models with $\mathbb{D}_{4}$ symmetry

Using characters of finite group representations and monodromy of matter
curves in F-GUT, we complete partial results in literature by building SO$%
_{10}$ models with dihedral $\mathbb{D}_{4}$ discrete symmetry. We first
revisit the $\mathbb{S}_{4}$-and $\mathbb{S}_{3}$-models from the discrete
group character view, then we extend the construction to $\mathbb{D}_{4}$.\ We
find that there are three types of $SO_{10}\times \mathbb{D}_{4}$ models
depending on the ways the $\mathbb{S}_{4}$-triplets break down in terms of
irreducible $\mathbb{D}_{4}$- representations: $\left({\alpha} \right) $ as
$\boldsymbol{1}_{_{+,-}}\oplus \boldsymbol{1}_{_{+,-}}\oplus
\boldsymbol{1}_{_{-,+}};$ or $\left({\beta}\right) \boldsymbol{\
1}_{_{+,+}}\oplus \boldsymbol{1}_{_{+,-}}\oplus \boldsymbol{1}_{_{-,-}};$ or
also $\left({\gamma}\right) $ $\mathbf{1}_{_{+,-}}\oplus \mathbf{2}_{_{0,0}}$.
Superpotentials and other features are also given.Comment: 20 pages, Nuclear Physics B (2015
Approximate degeneracy of heavy-light mesons with the same $L$

Careful observation of the experimental spectra of heavy-light mesons tells
us that heavy-light mesons with the same angular momentum $L$ are almost
degenerate. The estimate is given how much this degeneracy is broken in our
relativistic potential model, and it is analytically shown that expectation
values of a commutator between the lowest order Hamiltonian and ${\vec L}^{~2}$
are of the order of $1/m_Q$ with a heavy quark mass $m_Q$. It turns out that
nonrelativistic approximation of heavy quark system has a rotational symmetry
and hence degeneracy among states with the same $L$. This feature can be tested
by measuring higher orbitally and radially excited heavy-light meson spectra
for $D/D_s/B/B_s$ in LHCb and forthcoming BelleII.Comment: 4 pages, 1 tabl
Leptonic CP phases near the $\mu-\tau$ symmetric limit

The neutrino masses and mixings indicated by current neutrino oscillation
experiments suggest that the neutrino mass matrix possesses an approximate
$\mu-\tau$ exchange symmetry. In this study, we explore the neutrino parameter
space and show that if a small $\mu-\tau$ symmetry breaking is considered, the
Majorana $CP$ phases must be unequal and non-zero independently of the neutrino
mass scale. Moreover, a small $\mu-\tau$ symmetry breaking favors
quasi-degenerate masses. We also show that Majorana phases are strongly
correlated with the Dirac $CP$ violating phase. Within this framework, we
obtain robust predictions for the values of the Majorana phases when the
experimental indications for the Dirac $CP$ phase are used.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted for publication in PL
Vortices with scalar condensates in two-component Ginzburg-Landau
  systems

In a class of two-component Ginzburg-Landau models (TCGL) with a
U(1)$\times$U(1) symmetric potential, vortices with a condensate at their core
may have significantly lower energies than the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO)
ones. On the example of liquid metallic hydrogen (LMH) above the critical
temperature for protons we show that the ANO vortices become unstable against
core-condensation, while condensate-core (CC) vortices are stable. For LMH the
ratio of the masses of the two types of condensates, $M=m_2/m_1$ is large, and
then as a consequence the energy per flux quantum of the vortices, $E_n/n$
becomes a non-monotonous function of the number of flux quanta, $n$. This leads
to yet another manifestation of neither type 1 nor type 2, (type 1.5)
superconductivity: superconducting and normal domains coexist while various
"giant" vortices form. We note that LMH provides a particularly clean example
of type 1.5 state as the interband coupling between electronic and protonic
Cooper-pairs is forbidden.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur
Supersymmetric extended string field theory in NS^n sector and
  NS^{n-1}-R sector

We construct a class of quadratic gauge invariant actions for extended string
fields defined on the tensor product of open superstring state space for
multiple open string Neveu-Schwarz (NS) sectors with or without one Ramond (R)
sector. The basic idea is the same as for the bosonic extended string field
theory developed by the authors [arXiv:1309.3850]. The theory for NS^n sector
and NS^{n-1}-R sector contains general n-th rank tensor fields and (n-1)-th
rank spinor-tensor fields in the massless spectrum respectively. In principle,
consistent gauge invariant actions for any generic type of 10-dimensional
massive or massless tensor or spinor-tensor fields can be extracted from the
theory. We discuss some simple examples of bosonic and fermionic massless
actions.Comment: 25 page
Starburst galaxies in the COSMOS field: clumpy star-formation at
  redshift 0 < z < 0.5

At high redshift, starburst galaxies present irregular morphologies, with
10-20\%\ of their star formation occurring in giant clumps. These clumpy
galaxies are considered to be the progenitors of local disk galaxies. To
understand the properties of starbursts at intermediate and low redshift, it is
fundamental to track their evolution and possible link with the systems at
higher $z$. We present an extensive, systematic, and multi-band search and
analysis of the starburst galaxies at redshift ($0 < z < 0.5$) in the COSMOS
field, as well as detailed characteristics of their star-forming clumps by
using Hubble Space Telescope/Advance Camera for Surveys (HST/ACS) images. Their
principal properties, sizes, masses, and star formation rates are provided. The
individual star-forming knots in our sample follow the same L(H$\alpha$) vs.
size scaling relation than local giant HII regions (Fuentes-Masip et al. 2000).
However, they slightly differ from the one provided using samples at high
redshift. This result highlights the importance of spatially resolving the
star-forming regions for this kind of study. Star-forming clumps in the central
regions of Mknots galaxies are more massive, and present higher star formation
rates, than those in the outskirts. This trend is smeared when we consider
either the mass surface density or surface star formation rate. Sknot galaxies
do show properties similar to both dwarf elliptical and irregulars in the
surface brightness ($\mu$) versus M$_{host}$ diagram in the $B-$band (Amor\'in
et al. 2012), and to spheroidals and ellipticals in the $\mu$ versus M$_{host}$
diagram in the $V-$band (Kormendy \&\ Bender 2012). Sknot galaxies might be
transitional phases of the BCD class, with their properties consistent with
spheroidal like, but blue structures.Comment: 17 pages, 23 figures, Accepted for publication in A&
Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions
for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Published version also available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41063-015-0002-z>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41063-015-0002-z</a>In this study we focus on late Holocene primary
productivity (PP) variability in the western Barents Sea and its
response to variable sea ice coverage by combining PP
reconstructed from several sediment cores with regional PP
trends simulated with a well-constrained organic facies
model, OF-Mod 3D. We find that modern production rates
reconstructed from buried marine organic matter (‘‘bottomup’’)
resemble simulated export production at 50 m water
depth inferred from numerical simulations of surface water
PP in a 3D ocean model, SINMOD (‘‘top-down’’). Paleoproductivity
rates in the northern Barents Sea are more variable
and generally higher (30–150 gC m-2 year-1
) than in
the SW Barents Sea region (\75 gC m-2 year-1
) throughout
the last 6000 years BP. In the SW Barents Sea, PP rates and
terrestrial organic matter (TOM) supply remain constantly
low indicating present-day-like oceanographic conditions with only marginal influence of sea ice related processes
during the last 6000 years BP. PP rates in the northern Barents
Sea indicate a shift from stable modern-like conditions prior
to 2800 BP to denser, more permanent sea ice coverage along
the marginal ice zone (MIZ) between 2800 and 1000 years
BP and low PP rates. PP rates increase around 1000 years BP
indicating a northward shift of the MIZ and accelerated export
towards the seabed. During the last 500 years a pronounced
decline in PP rates towards the present day indicates reduced
annual duration of the MIZ in the area due to global warming.
Our results suggest that a combination of first-year ice and
higher PP in a warming pan-Arctic may point to a potential
Arctic carbon sink while sea ice is still present
Cleanup of industrial effluents containing heavy metals: a new opportunity of valorising the biomass produced by brewing industry

Heavy metal pollution is a matter of concern in
industrialised countries. Contrary to organic pollutants, heavy
metals are not metabolically degraded. This fact has two main
consequences: its bioremediation requires another strategy
and heavy metals can be indefinitely recycled. Yeast cells of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae are produced at high amounts as a
by-product of brewing industry constituting a cheap raw material.
In the present work, the possibility of valorising this
type of biomass in the bioremediation of real industrial effluents
containing heavy metals is reviewed. Given the autoaggregation
capacity (flocculation) of brewing yeast cells, a
fast and off-cost yeast separation is achieved after the treatment
of metal-laden effluent, which reduces the costs associated
with the process. This is a critical issue when we are
looking for an effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost technology.
The possibility of the bioremediation of industrial effluents
linked with the selective recovery of metals, in a strategy of
simultaneous minimisation of environmental hazard of industrial
wastes with financial benefits from reselling or recycling
the metals, is discussed
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV in final states with missing transverse momentum and b-jets

Results are presented of a search for supersymmetric particles in events with large missing transverse momentum and at least one heavy flavour jet candidate in root s = 7 TeV proton proton collisions. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb(-1) recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, no significant excess is observed with respect to the prediction for Standard Model processes. For R-parity conserving models in which sbottoms (stops) are the only squarks to appear in the gluino decay cascade, gluino masses below 590 GeV (520 GeV) are excluded at the 95% C.L. The results are also interpreted in an MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetry breaking scenario with tan beta = 40 and in an SO(10) model framework
Promising role of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy

International audienceObjective: Several retrospective studies with small cohorts reported neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). We aimed at validating the predictive and prognostic role of NLR in a large multi-institutional cohort.Methods : Preoperative NLR was assessed in a multi-institutional cohort of 2477 patients with UTUC treated with RNU. Altered NLR was defined by a ratio >2.7. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between NLR and lymph node metastasis, muscle-invasive and non-organ-confined disease. The association of altered NLR with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: Altered NLR was observed in 1428 (62.8 %) patients and associated with more advanced pathological tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, tumor necrosis and sessile tumor architecture. In a preoperative model that included age, gender, tumor location and architecture, NLR was an independent predictive factor for the presence of lymph node metastasis, muscle-invasive and non-organ-confined disease (p < 0.001). Within a median follow-up of 40 months (IQR 20–76 months), 548 (24.1 %) patients experienced disease recurrence and 453 patients (19.9 %) died from their cancer. Compared to patients with normal NLR, those with altered NLR had worse RFS (0.003) and CSS (p = 0.002). In multivariable analyses that adjusted for the effects of standard clinicopathologic features, altered NLR did not retain an independent value. In the subgroup of patients treated with lymphadenectomy in addition to RNU, NLR was independently associated with CSS (p = 0.03).Conclusion:In UTUC, preoperative NLR is associated with adverse clinicopathologic features and independently predicts features of biologically and clinically aggressive UTUC such as lymph node metastasis, muscle-invasive or non-organ-confined status. NLR may help better risk stratify patients with regard to lymphadenectomy and conservative therapy
Polarization Synthesis of Arbitrary Arrays with Shaped Beam Pattern

International audienceThe joint synthesis of the spatial power pattern and polarization of arbitrary arrays is addressed. Specifically, the element excitations are determined such that the array radiates a shaped power pattern while its polarization is optimized in an angular region. Any state of polarization (elliptical, circular and linear) can be synthesized and there is no restriction regarding the array geometry and element patterns. The synthesis problem is rewritten as a convex optimization problem, that is efficiently solved using readily available software. Various numerical results are presented to validate the proposed method and illustrate its potentialities