pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements from Planck and from the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager for 99 galaxy clusters

International audienceWe present observations and analysis of a sample of 123 galaxy clusters from the 2013 Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zel’dovich sources with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager (AMI), a ground-based radio interferometer. AMI provides an independent measurement with higher angular resolution, 3 arcmin compared to the Planck beams of 5–10 arcmin. The AMI observations thus provide validation of the cluster detections, improved positional estimates, and a consistency check on the fitted size (θs) and flux (Ytot) parameters in the generalised Navarro, Frenk and White (GNFW) model. We detect 99 of the clusters. We use the AMI positional estimates to check the positional estimates and error-bars produced by the Planck algorithms PowellSnakes and MMF3. We find that Ytot values as measured by AMI are biased downwards with respect to the Planck constraints, especially for high Planck-S/N clusters. We perform simulations to show that this can be explained by deviation from the universal pressure profile shape used to model the clusters. We show that AMI data can constrain the α and β parameters describing the shape of the profile in the GNFW model for individual clusters provided careful attention is paid to the degeneracies between parameters, but one requires information on a wider range of angular scales than are present in AMI data alone to correctly constrain all parameters simultaneously
Angular momentum redistribution by mixed modes   in evolved low-mass stars
 : 
II. Spin-down of the core of red giants induced by mixed modes

International audienceThe detection of mixed modes in subgiants and red giants by the CoRoT and Kepler space-borne missions allows us to investigate the internal structure of evolved low-mass stars, from the end of the main sequence to the central helium-burning phase. In particular, the measurement of the mean core rotation rate as a function of the evolution places stringent constraints on the physical mechanisms responsible for the angular momentum redistribution in stars. It showed that the current stellar evolution codes including the modelling of rotation fail to reproduce the observations. An additional physical process that efficiently extracts angular momentum from the core is thus necessary. Our aim is to assess the ability of mixed modes to do this. To this end, we developed a formalism that provides a modelling of the wave fluxes in both the mean angular momentum and the mean energy equations in a companion paper. In this article, mode amplitudes are modelled based on recent asteroseismic observations, and a quantitative estimate of the angular momentum transfer is obtained. This is performed for a benchmark model of 1.3 M⊙ at three evolutionary stages, representative of the evolved pulsating stars observed by CoRoT and Kepler. We show that mixed modes extract angular momentum from the innermost regions of subgiants and red giants. However, this transport of angular momentum from the core is unlikely to counterbalance the effect of the core contraction in subgiants and early red giants. In contrast, for more evolved red giants, mixed modes are found efficient enough to balance and exceed the effect of the core contraction, in particular in the hydrogen-burning shell. Our results thus indicate that mixed modes are a promising candidate to explain the observed spin-down of the core of evolved red giants, but that an other mechanism is to be invoked for subgiants and early red giants
On the origin of non-self-gravitating filaments in the ISM

International audienceContext. Filaments are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, as recently emphasized by Herschel, yet their physical origin remains elusiveAims. It is therefore important to understand the physics of molecular clouds to investigate how filaments form and which role play various processes, such as turbulence and magnetic field.Methods. We used ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to study the formation of clumps in various conditions, including different magnetization and Mach numbers as well as two completely different setups. We then performed several analyses to compute the shape of the clumps and their link to velocities and forces using various approaches.Results. We found that on average, clumps in MHD simulations are more filamentary than clumps in hydrodynamical simulations. Detailed analyses reveal that the filaments are in general preferentially aligned with the strain, which means that these structures simply result from the stretch induced by turbulence. Moreover, filaments tend to be confined by the Lorentz force, which therefore leads them to survive longer in magnetized flows. We show that in all simulations they have a typical thickness equal to a few grid cells, suggesting that they are primarily associated to the energy dissipation within the flow. We estimate the order of magnitude of the dissipation length associated to the ion-neutral friction and conclude that in well UV shielded regions it is about 0.1 pc and therefore could possibly set the typical size of non-self-gravitating filaments.Conclusions. Filaments are ubiquitous because they are the results of the very generic turbulent strain and because the magnetic field helps to keep them coherent. We suggest that energy dissipation is playing a determining role in their formation
Indirect Ultraviolet Photodesorption from CO:N2 Binary Ices -- an Efficient Grain-gas Process

International audienceUltraviolet (UV) ice photodesorption is an important non-thermal desorption pathway in many interstellar environments that has been invoked to explain observations of cold molecules in disks, clouds, and cloud cores. Systematic laboratory studies of the photodesorption rates, between 7 and 14 eV, from CO:N2 binary ices, have been performed at the DESIRS vacuum UV beamline of the synchrotron facility SOLEIL. The photodesorption spectral analysis demonstrates that the photodesorption process is indirect, i.e., the desorption is induced by a photon absorption in sub-surface molecular layers, while only surface molecules are actually desorbing. The photodesorption spectra of CO and N2 in binary ices therefore depend on the absorption spectra of the dominant species in the sub-surface ice layer, which implies that the photodesorption efficiency and energy dependence are dramatically different for mixed and layered ices compared with pure ices. In particular, a thin (1-2 ML) N2 ice layer on top of CO will effectively quench CO photodesorption, while enhancing N2 photodesorption by a factor of a few (compared with the pure ices) when the ice is exposed to a typical dark cloud UV field, which may help to explain the different distributions of CO and N2H+ in molecular cloud cores. This indirect photodesorption mechanism may also explain observations of small amounts of complex organics in cold interstellar environments
Efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory failure (CRF) due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): The Maugeri Study.

While the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well established, its effectiveness in the most severe category of COPD, i.e. patients with chronic respiratory failure (CRF), is less well known.\ud
OBJECTIVE:\ud
To verify the effects of PR in patients with CRF, and compare the level of improvement with PR in these patients to that of COPDs not affected by CRF.\ud
METHODS:\ud
A multi-centre study was carried out on COPD patients with versus without CRF. The PR program included educational support, exercise training, and nutritional and psychological counselling. Lung function, arterial gases, walk test (6MWT), dyspnoea (MRC; BDI/TDI), and quality of life (MRF(28); SGRQ) were evaluated.\ud
RESULTS:\ud
Thousand forty seven consecutive COPD inpatients (327 with CRF) were evaluated. In patients with CRF all parameters improved after PR (0.001). Mean changes: FEV(1), 112 ml; PaO(2), 3.0 mmHg; PaCO(2), 3.3 mmHg; 6MWT, 48 m; MRC, 0.85 units; MRF(28) total score, 11.5 units. These changes were similar to those observed in patients without CRF.\ud
CONCLUSIONS:\ud
This study, featuring the largest cohort so far reported in the literature, shows that PR is equally effective in the more severe COPD patients, i.e. those with CRF, and supports the prescription of PR also in these patients
A theory of L^1-dissipative solvers for scalar conservation laws with discontinuous flux

International audienceWe propose a general framework for the study of L1 contractive semigroups of solutions to conservation laws with discontinuous flux: (CL) u_t + f(x; u)_x = 0; f(x; u) = f^l(u), x < 0 and f(x;u)= f^r(u); x > 0; where the fluxes f^l and f^r are mainly assumed to be continuous. Developing the ideas of a number of preceding works (Baiti and Jenssen [14], Audusse and Perthame [12], Garavello et al. [35], Adimurthi et al. [3], Buerger et al. [21]), we claim that the whole admissibility issue is reduced to the selection of a family of "elementary solutions", which are piecewise constant weak solutions of the form c(x) = c^l 1l_{x<0} + c^r1l_{x>0}. We refer to such a family as a "germ". It is well known that (CL) admits many different L1 contractive semigroups, some of which reflects different physical applications. We revisit a number of the existing admissibility (or entropy) conditions and identify the germs that underly these conditions. We devote specic attention to the "vanishing viscosity" germ, which is a way to express the "Gamma-condition" of Diehl [32]. For any given germ, we formulate "germ-based" admissibility conditions in the form of a trace condition on the flux discontinuity line {x = 0} (in the spirit of Vol'pert [80]) and in the form of a family of global entropy inequalities (following Kruzhkov [50] and Carrillo [22]). We characterize those germs that lead to the L1-contraction property for the associated admissible solutions. Our approach offers a streamlined and unifying perspective on many of the known entropy conditions, making it possible to recover earlier uniqueness results under weaker conditions than before, and to provide new results for other less studied problems. Several strategies for proving the existence of admissible solutions are discussed, and existence results are given for fluxes satisfying some additional conditions. These are based on convergence results either for the vanishing viscosity method (with standard viscosity or with specic viscosities "adapted" to the choice of a germ), or for specific germ-adapted finite volume schemes
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2013.2 (2013): 095 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1 to 4.8 fb-1. Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged muon or τ lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, φ, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters mA and tan β in the mhmax scenario for mA in the range of 90GeV to 500 Ge
First measurement of hadronic event shapes in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMHadronic event shapes have been measured in proton–proton collisions at √ s =7 TeV, with a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 pb−1. Event-shape distributions, corrected for detector response, are compared with five models of QCD multijet productionWe thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Associazione per lo Sviluppo Scientifico e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’índustrie et dans l’Ágriculture (FRIA – Belgium); and the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT – Belgium
The spectra of mixed 3He-4He droplets

The diffusion Monte Carlo technique is used to calculate and analyze the excitation spectrum of 3He atoms bound to a cluster of 4He atoms by using a previously determined optimum filling of single-fermion orbits with well-defined orbital angular momentum L, spin S, and parity quantum numbers. The study concentrates on the energies and shapes of the three kinds of states for which\ud
the fermionic part of the wave function is a single Slater determinant: maximum L or maximum S states within a given orbit, and fully polarized clusters. The picture that emerges is that of systems with strong shell effects, whose binding and excitation energies are essentially determined by\ud
averages over configuration at fixed number of particles and spin, i.e., by the monopole properties of an effective Hamiltonian.Rafael.Guardiola@uv.e
Differential branching fractions and isospin asymmetries of B -> K ((*)) μ(+) μ(-) decays

The isospin asymmetries of B -> K μ(+) μ(-) and B -> K (*) μ(+) μ(-) decays and the partial branching fractions of the B (0) -> K (0) μ(+) μ(-), B (+) -> K (+) μ(+) μ(-) and B (+) -> K (*+) μ(+) μ(-) decays are measured as functions of the dimuon mass squared, q (2). The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The isospin asymmetries are both consistent with the Standard Model expectations. The three measured branching fractions favour lower values than their respective theoretical predictions, however they are all individually consistent with the Standard Model
Measurement of forward $W\to e\nu$ production in $pp$ collisions at
  $\sqrt{s}=8\,$TeV

A measurement of the cross-section for $W \to e\nu$ production in $pp$
collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
$2\,$fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of
$\sqrt{s}=8\,$TeV. The electrons are required to have more than $20\,$GeV of
transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The
inclusive $W$ production cross-sections, where the $W$ decays to $e\nu$, are
measured to be \begin{equation*} \sigma_{W^{+} \to e^{+}\nu_{e}}=1124.4\pm
2.1\pm 21.5\pm 11.2\pm 13.0\,\mathrm{pb}, \end{equation*} \begin{equation*}
\sigma_{W^{-} \to e^{-}\bar{\nu}_{e}}=\,\,\,809.0\pm 1.9\pm 18.1\pm\,\,\,7.0\pm
\phantom{0}9.4\,\mathrm{pb}, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainties are
statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of
the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination.
Differential cross-sections as a function of the electron pseudorapidity are
measured. The $W^{+}/W^{-}$ cross-section ratio and production charge asymmetry
are also reported. Results are compared with theoretical predictions at
next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Finally,
in a precise test of lepton universality, the ratio of $W$ boson branching
fractions is determined to be \begin{equation*} \mathcal{B}(W \to
e\nu)/\mathcal{B}(W \to \mu\nu)=1.020\pm 0.002\pm 0.019, \end{equation*} where
the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-024.htm
Applying the behaviour change technique (BCT) taxonomy v1: a study of coder training

Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) has been used to detect active ingredients of interventions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of user training in improving reliable, valid and confident application of BCTTv1 to code BCTs in intervention descriptions. One hundred sixty-one trainees (109 in workshops and 52 in group tutorials) were trained to code frequent BCTs. The following measures were taken before and after training: (i) inter-coder agreement, (ii) trainee agreement with expert consensus, (iii) confidence ratings and (iv) coding competence. Coding was assessed for 12 BCTs (workshops) and for 17 BCTs (tutorials). Trainees completed a course evaluation. Methods improved agreement with expert consensus (p < .05) but not inter-coder agreement (p = .08, p = .57, respectively) and increased confidence for BCTs assessed (both p < .05). Methods were as effective as one another at improving coding competence (p = .55). Training was evaluated positively. The training improved agreement with expert consensus, confidence for BCTs assessed, coding competence but not inter-coder agreement. This varied according to BCT
The notion of contextual locking: Previously learnt items are not accessible as such when appearing in a less common context

We examined the effect of context on the learning of spatial coding in four experiments. Two partially overlapping sets of stimuli, which had the very same stimulus–response spatial coding, were presented in unique contexts. Results show contextual locking—that is, response times to the very same item in a more common context (80%) were significantly shorter than those in a less common context (20%). Contextual locking was obtained both when the context was more salient (Experiments 1 and 2) and less salient (Experiments 3 and 4). In addition, results were obtained even when contextualization seemed less necessary (Experiments 2 and 4). Binding of information to context is discussed in relation to chunking, transfer effects, and practical applications pertaining to professional training
Mixing regime simulation and cellulose particle tracing in a stacked frame photocatalytic reactor.

To sustainably meet the global energy demand, unconventional methods to produce renewable energy must emerge. Biofuels from cellulose (via fermentable sugar production) mediated via photocatalysis provides an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. In order to effectively drive photocatalytic processes an effective reactor design is required, the design of which is influenced by a number of key factors such as the catalyst to reactant ratio and residence time, catalyst illumination time, light penetration and distribution for the system, mass transfer limitations (mixing) and product recovery. In this study we use COMSOL Multiphysics? to simulate and assess one of the mentioned parameters - mixing regime of cellulose particles in a Stacked Frame Photocatalysis Reactor (SFPR). In the reactor design, we compare two mixers: a 'plus' shaped magnetic stirrer bar and an 8 blade Rushton impeller. The simulations reveal that the Rushton impeller offers a radial mixing pattern with a higher fluid velocity of 1.2 m/s when compared to the stirrer bar that offers a fluid velocity of 0.9 m/s. Cellulose particle tracing simulations confirm that the particle dispersion is superior in the case of the Rushton impeller as the vorticity generated during the mixing push the particles to the reactor's walls. Since the particles are forced towards the walls, there is a probability of more particles being illuminated than in the case of no or improper mixing.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Project number EP/K036769/1), Robert Gordon University's IDEAS PhD studentship and Queen's University Belfast's PhD studentship
Hα and EUV observations of a partial CME

We have obtained Hα high spatial and time resolution observations of the upper solar chromosphere and supplemented these with multi-wavelength observations from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Hinode Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer. The Hα observations were conducted on 2012 February 11 with the Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics Camera instrument at the National Solar Observatory's Dunn Solar Telescope. Our Hα observations found large downflows of chromospheric material returning from coronal heights following a failed prominence eruption. We have detected several large condensations ("blobs") returning to the solar surface at velocities of ≈200 km s−1 in both Hα and several SDO Atmospheric Imaging Assembly band passes. The average derived size of these "blobs" in Hα is 500 by 3000 km2 in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the direction of travel, respectively. A comparison of our "blob" widths to those found from coronal rain, indicate that there are additional, smaller, unresolved "blobs" in agreement with previous studies and recent numerical simulations. Our observed velocities and decelerations of the "blobs" in both Hα and SDO bands are less than those expected for gravitational free-fall and imply additional magnetic or gas pressure impeding the flow. We derived a kinetic energy of ≈2 orders of magnitude lower for the main eruption than a typical coronal mass ejection, which may explain its partial nature.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe