pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Expression of a Distinct Set of Chemokine Receptors in Adipose Tissue‐Derived Stem Cells is Responsible for In Vitro Migration Toward Chemokines Appearing in the Major Pelvic Ganglion Following Cavernous Nerve Injury

AbstractIntroductionAdipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) herald tremendous promise for clinical application in a wide range of injuries and diseases. Several preclinical reports demonstrate their efficacy in the treatment of cavernous nerve (CN) injury‐induced erectile dysfunction in rats. It was recently illustrated that these effects were established as a result of ADSC migration to the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) where these cells induced neuroregeneration in loco.AimsThe study aims to identify chemotactic factors in the MPG following injury and to match upregulated chemokines to their respective receptors in human ADSC on the genomic, structural, and functional levels.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), intracellular FACS, immunofluorescence microscopy, migration assays, and calcium imaging were used in this study.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcomes are chemokine expression in the MPG following CN injury, and the functional and structural presence of chemokine receptors in ADSC.ResultsCCR4, CX3CR1, and XCR1 are functionally and structurally present in human ADSC, and are activated by the chemokines CCL2, CX3CL1, and XCL1 respectively, which are upregulated in the MPG following CN injury. CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 (SDF1) are likely no major homing factors for ADSC. Expression of chemokine receptor mRNA in ADSC did not necessarily translate into receptor presence at the cell surface and/or functional activation of these receptors. Most of the expressed chemokine receptors were detected in the intracellular compartment of these cells.ConclusionsWe identified the ligand/chemokine receptor pairs CCL2/CCR4, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, and XCL1/XCR1 as potentially responsible for ADSC homing toward the MPG following CN injury. The intracellular localization of various chemokine receptors likely indicates redirecting of chemokine receptors to the cell surface under specific cellular conditions. Furthermore, modification of expression of these receptors at the genomic level may potentially lead to improved migration toward injury sites and thus enhancement of treatment efficacy. Albersen M, Berkers J, Dekoninck P, Deprest J, Lue TF, Hedlund P, Lin C‐S, Bivalacqua TJ, Van Poppel H, De Ridder D, and Van der Aa F. Expression of a distinct set of chemokine receptors in adipose tissue‐derived stem cells is responsible for in vitro migration toward chemokines appearing in the major pelvic ganglion following cavernous nerve injury. Sex Med 2013;1:3–15
The effect of US signalling and the US–CS interval on backward conditioning in mice

AbstractThe effect of US signalling and the US–CS interval in backward conditioning was assessed in mice. For one group of mice the presentation of food was signalled by a tone and for another group, food was unsignalled. For half of the mice, within each group, the presentation of food preceded a visual cue by 10s. For the other half, food was presented at the start of the visual cue (0-s US–CS interval), resulting in simultaneous pairings of these events. A summation test and a subsequent retardation test were used to assess the inhibitory effects of backward conditioning in comparison to training with a non-reinforced visual cue that controlled for the possible effects of latent inhibition and conditioned inhibition caused as a consequence of differential conditioning. In the summation test unsignalled presentations of the US resulted in inhibition when the US–CS interval was 10s, but not 0s. Signalled presentations of the US resulted in inhibition, independent of the US–CS interval. In the retardation test, independent of US signalling, a US–CS interval of 10s failed to result in inhibition, but an interval of 0s resulted in greater conditioned responding to the backward CS than the control CS. A generalisation decrement account of the effect of signalling the US with a 0-s US–CS interval, which resulted in reduced responding in the summation test and faster acquisition in the retardation test, is discussed
The Markov–Zariski topology of an abelian group

AbstractAccording to Markov (1946) [24], a subset of an abelian group G of the form {x∈G:nx=a}, for some integer n and some element a∈G, is an elementary algebraic set; finite unions of elementary algebraic sets are called algebraic sets. We prove that a subset of an abelian group G is algebraic if and only if it is closed in every precompact (= totally bounded) Hausdorff group topology on G. The family of all algebraic sets of an abelian group G forms the family of closed subsets of a unique Noetherian T1 topology ZG on G called the Zariski, or verbal, topology of G; see Bryant (1977) [3]. We investigate the properties of this topology. In particular, we show that the Zariski topology is always hereditarily separable and Fréchet–Urysohn.For a countable family F of subsets of an abelian group G of cardinality at most the continuum, we construct a precompact metric group topology T on G such that the T-closure of each member of F coincides with its ZG-closure. As an application, we provide a characterization of the subsets of G that are T-dense in some Hausdorff group topology T on G, and we show that such a topology, if it exists, can always be chosen so that it is precompact and metric. This provides a partial answer to a long-standing problem of Markov (1946) [24]
Interaction of Proteins in Solution from Small-Angle Scattering: A Perturbative Approach

AbstractIn this work an improved methodology for studying interactions of proteins in solution by small-angle scattering is presented. Unlike the most common approach, where the protein-protein correlation functions gij(r) are approximated by their zero-density limit (i.e., the Boltzmann factor), we propose a more accurate representation of gij(r) that takes into account terms up to the first order in the density expansion of the mean-force potential. This improvement is expected to be particulary effective in the case of strong protein-protein interactions at intermediate concentrations. The method is applied to analyze small-angle x-ray scattering data obtained as a function of the ionic strength (from 7 to 507mM) from acidic solutions of β-lactoglobulin at the fixed concentration of 10 gl−1. The results are compared with those obtained using the zero-density approximation and show significant improvement, particularly in the more demanding case of low ionic strength
Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review

SummaryBackgroundThe population exposed to potentially hazardous substances through inappropriate and unsafe management practices related to disposal and recycling of end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, collectively known as e-waste, is increasing. We aimed to summarise the evidence for the association between such exposures and adverse health outcomes.MethodsWe systematically searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycNET, and CINAHL) for studies assessing the association between exposure to e-waste and outcomes related to mental health and neurodevelopment, physical health, education, and violence and criminal behaviour, from Jan 1, 1965, to Dec 17, 2012, and yielded 2274 records. Of the 165 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, we excluded a further 142, resulting in the inclusion of 23 published epidemiological studies that met the predetermined criteria. All studies were from southeast China. We assessed evidence of a causal association between exposure to e-waste and health outcomes within the Bradford Hill framework.FindingsWe recorded plausible outcomes associated with exposure to e-waste including change in thyroid function, changes in cellular expression and function, adverse neonatal outcomes, changes in temperament and behaviour, and decreased lung function. Boys aged 8–9 years living in an e-waste recycling town had a lower forced vital capacity than did those living in a control town. Significant negative correlations between blood chromium concentrations and forced vital capacity in children aged 11 and 13 years were also reported. Findings from most studies showed increases in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and premature births, and reduced birthweights and birth lengths associated with exposure to e-waste. People living in e-waste recycling towns or working in e-waste recycling had evidence of greater DNA damage than did those living in control towns. Studies of the effects of exposure to e-waste on thyroid function were not consistent. One study related exposure to e-waste and waste electrical and electronic equipment to educational outcomes.InterpretationAlthough data suggest that exposure to e-waste is harmful to health, more well designed epidemiological investigations in vulnerable populations, especially pregnant women and children, are needed to confirm these associations.FundingChildren's Health and Environment Program, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
Square-planar metal(II) complexes containing ester functionalised bis(phosphino)amines: Mild P−N methanolysis and Carene−H cyclometallation

AbstractThe synthesis of three new ester functionalised bis(phosphino)amines Ph2PN{R}PPh2 [R = C6H4(3-CO2Me) 1a; C6H3(3,5-CO2Me)2 1b; C6H4(4-CO2Me) 1c] upon stoichiometric reaction of Ph2PCl and the appropriate H2N{R} in Et2O is described. Reaction of 1 equiv. of 1a−c with MCl2(cod) (M = Pt, Pd) in CH2Cl2 afforded the dichlorometal(II) complexes PtCl2(1a) 2a, PtCl2(1b) 2b, PtCl2(1c) 2c and PdCl2(1b) 2'b respectively. The corresponding dibromo (and diiodo) platinum(II) complexes 3b (and 4b) were synthesised, in >80% isolated yields, from PtBr2(cod) or PtI2(cod). When a suspension of 2b in MeOH was stirred at r.t. for ca. 16 h the mixed complex cis-PtCl2[Ph2PNH{R}](Ph2POMe) 5a [R = C6H3(3,5-CO2Me)2] was cleanly generated. Metathesis of 5a using excess NaBr or NaI in MeOH/acetone afforded cis-PtBr2[Ph2PNH{R}](Ph2POMe) 5b or cis-PtI2[Ph2PNH{R}](Ph2POMe) 5c. Methanolysis of PtCl2(1a) 2a at ambient temperature afforded, in low yield (18%), the regiospecific P,C-orthometallated complex cis-PtCl[Ph2PNH{C6H3(3-CO2Me)}](Ph2POMe) 6. We speculate the C−H activated complex 6 is obtained via initial formation of cis-PtCl2[Ph2PNH{C6H4(3-CO2Me)}](Ph2POMe) 7. A similar observation was also found using 2c whereupon examination of the isolated solid, by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, revealed formation of three complexes namely orthometallated cis-PtCl[Ph2PNH{C6H3(4-CO2Me)}](Ph2POMe) 9, cis-PtCl[Ph2PNH{C6H4(4-CO2Me)}](Ph2POMe) 10 and cis-PtCl2(Ph2POMe)2 8. All new compounds reported here have been characterised by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy, microanalysis and in six cases by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The X-ray structure of cis-PtCl[Ph2PNH{C6H3(3-CO2Me)}](Ph2POMe) 6 revealed selective C−H cycloplatination at the 6-position (as opposed to the 2-position) of the N-arene ring
Searching for the dual of the Maxwell–Chern–Simons model minimally coupled to dynamical U(1) charged matter

AbstractThe possibility of dual equivalence between the self-dual and the Maxwell–Chern–Simons (MCS) models when the latter is coupled to dynamical, U(1) fermionic charged matter is examined. The proper coupling in the self-dual model is then disclosed using the iterative gauge embedding approach. We found that the self-dual potential needs to couple directly to the Chern kernel of the source in order to establish this equivalence besides the need for a self-interaction term to render the matter sector unchanged
Nearby resonances beyond the Breit–Wigner approximation

AbstractWe consider a description of propagators for particle resonances which takes into account the quantum-mechanical interference due to the width of two or more nearby states that have common decay channels, by incorporating the effects arising from the imaginary parts of the one-loop self-energies. Depending on the couplings to the common decay channels, the interference effect, not taken into account in the usual Breit–Wigner approximation, can significantly modify the cross section or make the more long-lived resonance narrower. We give few examples of New Physics models for which the effect is sizable, namely a generic two and multiple Higgs model and neutral vector resonances in Higgsless models. Based on these results we suggest the implementation of a proper treatment of nearby resonances into Monte Carlo generators
Determining Electric Vehicle Charging Point Locations Considering Drivers’ Daily Activities

AbstractIn this paper the daily temporal and spatial behavior of electric vehicles (EVs) is modelled using an activity-based (ActBM) micro-simulation model for Flanders region (Belgium). Assuming that all EVs are completely charged at the beginning of the day, this mobility model is used to determine the percentage of Flemish vehicles that cannot cover their programmed daily trips and need to be recharged during the day.Assuming a variable electricity price, an optimization algorithm determines when and where EVs can be recharged at minimum cost for their owners. This optimization takes into account the individual mobility constraint for each vehicle, as they can only be charged when the car is stopped and the owner is performing an activity.From this information, the aggregated electric demand for Flanders is obtained, identifying the most overloaded areas at the critical hours.Finally it is also analyzed what activities EV owners are underway during their recharging period. From this analysis, different actions for public charging point deployment in different areas and for different activities are proposed
Microcanonical jet-fragmentation in proton–proton collisions at LHC energy

AbstractIn this Letter, we show that the distribution of the longitudinal momentum fraction of charged hadrons dN/dz inside jets stemming from proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV center of mass energy can be described by a statistical jet-fragmentation model. This model combines microcanonical statistics and super-statistics induced by multiplicity fluctuations. The resulting scale dependence of the parameters of the model turns out to be similar to what was observed in electron–positron annihilations in Urmossy et al. (2011) [7]
Measurement of CP violation and constraints on the CKM angle γ in B±→DK± with D→KS0π+π− decays

AbstractA model-dependent amplitude analysis of B±→DK± with D→KS0π+π− decays is performed using proton–proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb−1, recorded by LHCb at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in 2011. Values of the CP violation observables x± and y±, which are sensitive to the CKM angle γ, are measured to bex−=+0.027±0.044−0.008+0.010±0.001,y−=+0.013±0.048−0.007+0.009±0.003,x+=−0.084±0.045±0.009±0.005,y+=−0.032±0.048−0.009+0.010±0.008, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third arises from the uncertainty of the D→KS0π+π− amplitude model. The value of γ is determined to be (84−42+49)°, including all sources of uncertainty. Neutral D meson mixing is found to have negligible effect
From Nerode’s congruence to suffix automata with mismatches

AbstractIn this paper we focus on the minimal deterministic finite automaton Sk that recognizes the set of suffixes of a word w up to k errors. As first result we give a characterization of the Nerode’s right-invariant congruence that is associated with Sk. This result generalizes the classical characterization described in [A. Blumer, J. Blumer, D. Haussler, A. Ehrenfeucht, M. Chen, J. Seiferas, The smallest automaton recognizing the subwords of a text, Theoretical Computer Science, 40, 1985, 31–55]. As second result we present an algorithm that makes use of Sk to accept in an efficient way the language of all suffixes of w up to k errors in every window of size r of a text, where r is the repetition index of w. Moreover, we give some experimental results on some well-known words, like prefixes of Fibonacci and Thue-Morse words. Finally, we state a conjecture and an open problem on the size and the construction of the suffix automaton with mismatches
Comments on Yang–Mills thermodynamics: The Hagedorn spectrum and the gluon gas pictures for a generic gauge algebra

AbstractWe discuss the dependence of pure Yang–Mills equation of state on the choice of gauge algebra. In the confined phase, we generalize to an arbitrary simple gauge algebra Meyerʼs proposal of modeling the Yang–Mills matter by an ideal glueball gas in which the high-lying glueball spectrum is approximated by a Hagedorn spectrum of closed-bosonic-string type. Such a formalism is undefined above the Hagedorn temperature, corresponding to the phase transition toward a deconfined state of matter in which gluons are the relevant degrees of freedom. Under the assumption that the renormalization scale of the running coupling is gauge-algebra independent, we discuss about how the behavior of thermodynamical quantities such as the trace anomaly should depend on the gauge algebra in both the confined and deconfined phase. The obtained results compare favorably with recent and accurate lattice data in the su(3) case and support the idea that the more the gauge algebra has generators, the more the phase transition is of first-order type
Reconstructing paleoseismic deformation, 1: modern analogues from the 1960 and 2010 Chilean great earthquakes

AbstractThe 1960, and 2010 Chilean great earthquakes provide modern analogues for the sedimentary signatures of the largest megathrust events and their accompanying tsunamis. This paper presents lithological and diatom assemblage data from five sites and provides key insights for the development of longer earthquake chronologies, essential for assessing the seismic hazards associated with a subduction zone. We find that the 1960 and 2010 tsunami deposits are fragmentary, variable and have no unique, diagnostic diatom assemblage. Where rapid postseismic sedimentation occurs, our diatom-based transfer function model gives estimates of coseismic deformation that agree with independent estimates of land-level change. Sedimentary hiatuses at two sites following the 2010 earthquake suggest that the magnitude of coseismic deformation may be underestimated in fossil records. Where sediment accumulation allows, criteria for distinguishing between seismic and non-seismic stratigraphies based on evidence for the largest plate boundary earthquakes are corroborated by the lesser magnitude earthquake of 2010. The key to reconstructing earthquake characteristics, such as rupture magnitude and differences between plate-boundary and upper plate sources, depends on applying explicit stratigraphic assessment criteria at multiple sites in order to identify the spatial pattern of deformation associated with each earthquake
Potential dividends and actual cash flows in equity valuation. A critical analysis1

AbstractPractitioners and most academics in valuation include changes in liquid assets (potential dividends) in the cash flows. This widespread and wrong practice is inconsistent with basic finance theory. We present economic, theoretical, and empirical arguments to support the thesis. Economic arguments underline that only flows of cash should be considered for valuation; theoretical arguments show how potential dividends lead to contradiction and to arbitrage losses. Empirical arguments, from recent studies, suggest that investors discount potential dividends with high discount rates, which means that changes in liquid assets are not value drivers. Hence, when valuing cash flows, we should consider only actual payments
Integration of Wind Energy into Electricity Systems: Technical Challenges and Actual Solutions

AbstractWind energy is the current “star” in the field of renewable energy for electrical production. Still, the power generated by wind turbines over time is characteristically uneven due to the unpredictable nature of their primary source of power. This only increases the problems inherent to the integration of a great number of wind turbines into power networks, making their contribution rather difficult to manage (regulating voltage and frequency, wind-farm operation, etc.) The integration of wind power in the power system is now an issue in order to optimize the utilization of the resource and in order to continue the high rate of installation of wind generating capacity, which is necessary in order to achieve the goals of sustainability and security of supply. This paper presents the main technical challenges that are associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. These challenges include effects of wind power on the power system, the power system operating cost, power quality and power imbalances (stability of grid). In addition, the paper presents the solutions will be offered to improve the management of wind power generation and increase its penetration in the overall electrical energy production
Coreleased Orexin and Glutamate Evoke Nonredundant Spike Outputs and Computations in Histamine Neurons

SummaryStable wakefulness requires orexin/hypocretin neurons (OHNs) and OHR2 receptors. OHNs sense diverse environmental cues and control arousal accordingly. For unknown reasons, OHNs contain multiple excitatory transmitters, including OH peptides and glutamate. To analyze their cotransmission within computational frameworks for control, we optogenetically stimulated OHNs and examined resulting outputs (spike patterns) in a downstream arousal regulator, the histamine neurons (HANs). OHR2s were essential for sustained HAN outputs. OHR2-dependent HAN output increased linearly during constant OHN input, suggesting that the OHN→HANOHR2 module may function as an integral controller. OHN stimulation evoked OHR2-dependent slow postsynaptic currents, similar to midnanomolar OH concentrations. Conversely, glutamate-dependent output transiently communicated OHN input onset, peaking rapidly then decaying alongside OHN→HAN glutamate currents. Blocking glutamate-driven spiking did not affect OH-driven spiking and vice versa, suggesting isolation (low cross-modulation) of outputs. Therefore, in arousal regulators, cotransmitters may translate distinct features of OHN activity into parallel, nonredundant control signals for downstream effectors