pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for heavy vector-like quarks coupling to light quarks in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a search for singly produced vector-like quarks, Q, coupling to light quarks, q  . The search is sensitive to both charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) processes, pp→Qq→Wqq′pp→Qq→Wqq′ and pp→Qq→Zqq′pp→Qq→Zqq′ with a leptonic decay of the vector gauge boson. In 1.04 fb−11.04 fb−1 of data taken in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment at a center-of-mass energy View the MathML sources=7 TeV, no evidence of such heavy vector-like quarks is observed above the expected Standard Model background. Limits on the heavy vector-like quark production cross section times branching ratio as a function of mass mQmQ are obtained. For a coupling κqQ=v/mQκqQ=v/mQ, where v is the Higgs vacuum expectation value, 95% C.L. lower limits on the mass of a vector-like quark are set at 900 GeV and 760 GeV from CC and NC processes, respectively.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Behind the screen: Commercial sex, digital spaces and working online

[From Introduction] The rise of the internet and related digital technologies has had\ud
a profound impact on many aspects of people's working and social\ud
lives, including the buying and selling of sexual services. In addition\ud
to providing new ways to advertise for sex workers who provide\ud
services to clients in person, the internet has also seen the development\ud
of completely new forms of commercial sex (like webcamming)\ud
that take place entirely in an online environment. Using\ud
the largest datasets created in the UK/Europe, this article explores\ud
how sex workers use the internet and digital technologies to\ud
facilitate the range of different services that they offer. We identify\ud
the ways in which the internet has improved the ability for sex\ud
workers to organize and professionalize their services, with\ud
increasing profit and safety being core objectives. At the same time,\ud
we explore some of the challenges and potential (new) harms that\ud
arise for sex workers working onlineOpen Access funded by Economic and Social Research CouncilPeer-reviewedPublisher Versio
$\Lambda_{\rm c}^+$ production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV
  and in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross section of prompt $\Lambda_{\rm
c}^+$ charmed baryons was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and in p-Pb collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV at midrapidity. The $\Lambda_{\rm c}^+$ and
${\overline{\Lambda}}_{\rm c}^-$ were reconstructed in the hadronic decay modes
$\Lambda_{\rm c}^+\rightarrow {\rm p}{\rm K^-}\pi^+$, $\Lambda_{\rm
c}^+\rightarrow {\rm p}{\rm K_{\rm S}^0}$ and in the semileptonic channel
$\Lambda_{\rm c}^+\rightarrow {\rm e^+}\nu_{\rm e}\Lambda$ (and charge
conjugates). The measured values of the $\Lambda_{\rm c}^+/{\rm D_0}$ ratio,
which is sensitive to the c-quark hadronisation mechanism, and in particular to
the production of baryons, are presented and are larger than those measured
previously in different colliding systems, centre-of-mass energies, rapidity
and $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, where the $\Lambda_{\rm c}^+$ production process may
differ. The results are compared with the expectations obtained from
perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo event
generators. Neither perturbative QCD calculations nor Monte Carlo models
reproduce the data, indicating that the fragmentation of heavy-flavour baryons
is not well understood. The first measurement at the LHC of the $\Lambda_{\rm
c}^+$ nuclear modification factor, $R_{\rm pPb}$, is also presented. The
$R_{\rm pPb}$ is found to be consistent with unity and with that of D mesons
within the uncertainties, and consistent with a theoretical calculation that
includes cold nuclear matter effects and a calculation that includes charm
quark interactions with a deconfined medium.Comment: 39 pages, 12 captioned figures, 5 tables, authors from page 34,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/414
Efficient question answering with question decomposition and multiple answer streams

The German question answering (QA) system IRSAW (formerly:\ud
InSicht) participated in QA@CLEF for the fth time. IRSAW\ud
was introduced in 2007 by integrating the deep answer producer InSicht, several shallow answer producers, and a logical validator. InSicht builds on a deep QA approach: it transforms documents to semantic representations using a parser, draws inferences on semantic representations with\ud
rules, and matches semantic representations derived from questions and documents. InSicht was improved for QA@CLEF 2008 mainly in the following two areas. The coreference resolver was trained on question series instead of newspaper texts in order to be better applicable for follow-up questions. Questions are decomposed by several methods on the level of semantic representations. On the shallow processing side, the number of answer producers was increased from two to four by adding FACT, a fact index, and SHASE, a shallow semantic network matcher. The answer\ud
validator introduced in 2007 was replaced by the faster RAVE validator designed for logic-based answer validation under time constraints. Using RAVE for merging the results of the answer producers, monolingual German runs and bilingual runs with source language English and Spanish were produced by applying the machine translation web service Promt. An error analysis shows the main problems for the precision-oriented\ud
deep answer producer InSicht and the potential offered by the recall-oriented shallow answer producers
Search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV using single lepton events

A search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is performed using events with a single isolated electron or muon, jets, and a large transverse momentum imbalance. The results are based on data collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess of events is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are set in the context of supersymmetric models of pair production of top squarks that decay either to a top quark and a neutralino or to a bottom quark and a chargino. Depending on the details of the model, we exclude top squarks with masses as high as 1120 GeV. Detailed information is also provided to facilitate theoretical interpretations in other scenarios of physics beyond the standard model
Cross section measurement of t-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

The cross section for the production of single top quarks in the t channel is measured in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns. The event selection requires one muon and two jets where one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Several kinematic variables are then combined into a multivariate discriminator to distinguish signal from background events. A fit to the distribution of the discriminating variable yields a total cross section of 238 +/- 13 (stat) +/- 29 (syst) pb and a ratio of top quark and top antiquark production of R[t-ch.] = 1.81 +/- 0.18 (stat) +/- 0.15 (syst). From the total cross section the absolute value of the CKM matrix element V[tb] is calculated to be 1.05 +/- 0.07 (exp) +/- 0.02 (theo). All results are in agreement with the standard model predictions
Municipal service delivery: the role of transaction costs in the choice between alternative governance mechanisms

Service provision by local governments can be delivered using in-house bureaucracies, private firms, and partnerships with other governments or the not-for-profit sector. This production decision has been a major focus of discussion among scholars, practitioners and political agents for the last quarter of a century. The transaction costs framework is an important tool to analyse decisions regarding the production of local services. In this paper, the authors employ this framework to analyse service delivery in Portugal and find that service characteristics and the local political environment play a key role in local officials’ choice among the three governance mechanisms to deliver public services
$W^{\pm} Z$ production at the LHC: fiducial cross sections and distributions in NNLO QCD

We report on the first fully differential calculation for $W^{\pm} Z$ production in hadron collisions up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD perturbation theory. Leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are consistently taken into account, i.e. we include all resonant and non-resonant diagrams that contribute to the process $pp \to \ell^{\prime\pm}ν_{\ell}\prime\ell^+\ell^- + X$ both in the same-flavour ($\ell^{\prime} = \ell$) and the different-flavour ($\ell^{\prime} \neq \ell$) channel. Fiducial cross sections and distributions are presented in the presence of standard selection cuts applied in the experimental $W^{\pm} Z$ analyses by ATLAS and CMS at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV. As previously shown for the inclusive cross section, NNLO corrections increase the NNLO result by about 10%, thereby leading to an improved agreement with experimental data. The importance of NNLO accurate predictions is also shown in the case of new-physics scenarios, where, especially in high-$p_T$ categories, their impact can reach $\mathcal{O}(20%)$. The availability of differential NNLO predictions will play a crucial role in the rich physics programme that is based on precision studies of $W^{\pm} Z$ signatures at the LHC
NLO QCD+EW predictions for HV and HV +jet production including parton-shower effects

We present the first NLO QCD+EW predictions for Higgs boson production in association with a $\ell\nu_{\ell}$ or $\ell^+\ell^-$ pair plus zero or one jets at the LHC. Fixed-order NLO QCD+EW calculations are combined with a QCD+QED parton shower using the recently developed resonance-aware method in the POWHEG framework. Moreover, applying the improved MiNLO technique to H$\ell\nu_{\ell}$ +jet and H$\ell^+\ell^-$ +jet production at NLO QCD+EW, we obtain predictions that are NLO accurate for observables with both zero or one resolved jet. This approach permits also to capture higher-order effects associated with the interplay of EW corrections and QCD radiation. The behavior of EW corrections is studied for various kinematic distributions, relevant for experimental analyses of Higgsstrahlung processes at the 13 TeV LHC. Exact NLO EW corrections are complemented with approximate analytic formulae that account for the leading and next-to-leading Sudakov logarithms in the high-energy regime. In the tails of transverse-momentum distributions, relevant for analyses in the boosted Higgs regime, the Sudakov approximation works well, and NLO EW effects can largely exceed the ten percent level. Our predictions are based on the POWHEG BOX RES+OpenLoops framework in combination with the Pythia 8.1 parton shower
Variations in the broad-band spectra of BL Lac objects: millimetre observations of an X-ray-selected sample

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com '.--Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02575.xObservations at millimetre wavelengths are presented for a representative sample of 22 X-ray-selected BL Lac objects (XBLs). This sample comprises 19 High-energy cutoff BL Lacs objects (HBLs), 1 Low-energy cutoff BL Lac object (LBL) and 2 ???inter- mediate??? sources. Data for LBLs, which are mostly radio selected BL Lac objects (RBLs) are taken from the literature. It is shown that the radio???millimetre spectral indices of HBLs (????5???230 = ???0.29 ?? 0.15) are slightly steeper than those of the LBLs (????5???230 = ???0.19 ?? 0.14). A correlation exists between ??5???230 and 230 GHz luminos- ity. While this correlation could be an artefact of comparing two populations of BL Lac objects with intrinsically different radio properties it is also consistent with the predictions of existing unified schemes which relate BL Lac objects to Fanaroff-Riley class I radio galaxies
Geographic information system applied to the water quality assessment of Ayutthaya Province, Thailand

Ayutthaya is a popular tourist destination located about 76 km north of Bangkok. The climate of the province is typical of Central Thailand, comprising three (cold, hot, and rainy) seasons, with relatively small changes in average temperatures but significantly varying rainfall patterns. In this study, we present a geographic information system (GIS) used for the assessment and monitoring of pollution in the watershed. The ArcInfo-based system combines geographical, meteorological and hydrological data for multiple uses. Water quality management is based on composite water quality index and corresponding water quality classes. The chief input parameters include temperature, pH, faecal bacteria count (FCB), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3), total phosphates (PO4), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), and total solids (TS), together with population density, rainfall and land-use. The initial results of years 2008 and 2009 show that water quality derogation is strongly related to high population density in the central (new City) districts that also affect the historical City. In addition, the increased runoff of the rainy season causes significant PO4, NO3, and BOD pollution of the Pa Sak River at the northern agricultural districts.
Sparse reduced-order modelling: sensor-based dynamics to full-state estimation

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.We propose a general dynamic reduced-order modelling framework for typical experimental data: time-resolved sensor data and optional non-time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) snapshots. This framework can be decomposed into four building blocks. First, the sensor signals are lifted to a dynamic feature space without false neighbours. Second, we identify a sparse human-interpretable nonlinear dynamical system for the feature state based on the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy). Third, if PIV snapshots are available, a local linear mapping from the feature state to the velocity field is performed to reconstruct the full state of the system. Fourth, a generalized feature-based modal decomposition identifies coherent structures that are most dynamically correlated with the linear and nonlinear interaction terms in the sparse model, adding interpretability. Steps 1 and 2 define a black-box model. Optional steps 3 and 4 lift the black-box dynamics to a grey-box model in terms of the identified coherent structures, if non-time-resolved full-state data are available. This grey-box modelling strategy is successfully applied to the transient and post-transient laminar cylinder wake, and compares favourably with a proper orthogonal decomposition model. We foresee numerous applications of this highly flexible modelling strategy, including estimation, prediction and control. Moreover, the feature space may be based on intrinsic coordinates, which are unaffected by a key challenge of modal expansion: the slow change of low-dimensional coherent structures with changing geometry and varying parameters
Can health equity survive epidemiology ? standards of proof and social determinants of health.

Objective:\ud
This article examines how epidemiological evidence is and should be used in the context of increasing concern for health equity and for social determinants of health.\ud
\ud
Method:\ud
A research literature on use of scientific evidence of “environmental risks” is outlined, and key issues compared with those that arise with respect to social determinants of health.\ud
\ud
Results:\ud
The issue sets are very similar. Both involve the choice of a standard of proof, and the corollary need to make value judgments about how to address uncertainty in the context of “the inevitability of being wrong,” at least some of the time, and to consider evidence from multiple kinds of research design. The nature of such value judgments and the need for methodological pluralism are incompletely understood.\ud
\ud
Conclusion:\ud
Responsible policy analysis and interpretation of scientific evidence require explicit consideration of the ethical issues involved in choosing a standard of proof. Because of the stakes involved, such choices often become contested political terrain. Comparative research on how those choices are made will be valuable
Cleaning up the masses : Exclusion lists to reduce contamination with HPLC-MS/MS

The work was funded by the Wellcome Trust grant 073980/Z/03/Z (to A.I Lamond).Mass spectrometry, in the past five years, has increased in speed, accuracy and use. With the ability of the mass spectrometers to identify increasing numbers of proteins the identification of undesirable peptides (those not from the protein sample) has also increased. Most undesirable contaminants originate in the laboratory and come from either the user (e.g. keratin from hair and skin), or from reagents (e.g. trypsin), that are required to prepare samples for analysis. We found that a significant amount of MS instrument time was spent sequencing peptides from abundant contaminant proteins. While completely eliminating non-specific protein contamination is not feasible, it is possible to reduce the sequencing of these contaminants. For example, exclusion lists can provide a list of masses that can be used to instruct the mass spectrometer to 'ignore' the undesired contaminant peptides in the list. We empirically generated be-spoke exclusion lists for several model organisms (Homo sapiens, Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Xenopus laevis), utilising information from over 500 mass spectrometry runs and cumulative analysis of these data. Here we show that by employing these empirically generated lists, it was possible to reduce the time spent analysing contaminating peptides in a given sample thereby facilitating more efficient data acquisition and analysis. Biological significance. Given the current efficacy of the Mass Spectrometry instrumentation, the utilisation of data from ~500 mass spec runs to generate be-spoke exclusion lists and optimise data acquisition is the significance of this manuscript. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: EUPA 2012: NEW HORIZONS.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
An A_r threesome: Matrix models, 2d CFTs and 4d N=2 gauge theories

We explore the connections between three classes of theories: A_r quiver
matrix models, d=2 conformal A_r Toda field theories and d=4 N=2 supersymmetric
conformal A_r quiver gauge theories. In particular, we analyse the quiver
matrix models recently introduced by Dijkgraaf and Vafa and make detailed
comparisons with the corresponding quantities in the Toda field theories and
the N=2 quiver gauge theories. We also make a speculative proposal for how the
matrix models should be modified in order for them to reproduce the instanton
partition functions in quiver gauge theories in five dimensions.Comment: 43 pages; v2: minor typos corrected, reference added. v3: Added
  clarifying discussions in sections 4.1 and 5.1; typos correcte
Flavoring the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Charm

We demonstrate that a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) with a dilute admixture of
heavy quarks has, in general, a lower speed of sound than a "pure" QGP without
effects from heavy flavors. The change in the speed of sound is sensitive to
the details of the theory, making the hydrodynamic response to "flavoring" a
sensitive probe of the underlying microscopic dynamics. We suggest that this
effect may be measured in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions by relating
the event-by-event number of charm quarks to flow observables such as the
average transverse momentum.Comment: Accepted for publication, Phys.Lett.B Additional discussion, main
  arguments and conclusions unchange
Nonholonomic Mapping Principle for Classical Mechanics in Spaces with
  Curvature and Torsion. New Covariant Conservation Law for Energy-Momentum
  Tensor

The lecture explains the geometric basis for the recently-discovered
nonholonomic mapping principle which specifies certain laws of nature in
spacetimes with curvature and torsion from those in flat spacetime, thus
replacing and extending Einstein's equivalence principle. An important
consequence is a new action principle for determining the equation of motion of
a free spinless point particle in such spacetimes. Surprisingly, this equation
contains a torsion force, although the action involves only the metric. This
force changes geodesic into autoparallel trajectories, which are a direct
manifestation of inertia. The geometric origin of the torsion force is a
closure failure of parallelograms. The torsion force changes the covariant
conservation law of the energy-momentum tensor whose new form is derived.Comment: Corrected typos. Author Information under
  http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Paper also at
  http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re261/preprint.htm
Measurement of the ratio Br(D0 --> pi+pi-pi0)/Br(D0 --> K-pi+pi0)

We report a high-statistics measurement of the relative branching fraction
Br(D0 --> pi+pi-pi0)/Br(D0 --> K-pi+pi0). A 357 inverse fb data sample
collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider
was used for the analysis. The relative branching fraction Br(D0 -->
pi+pi-pi0)/Br(D0 --> K-pi+pi0) is determined with an accuracy comparable to the
latest world average value.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, presented at the ICHEP06 Conference, Moscow,
  Russia, a few typos correcte
On the Landau Ginzburg theory of MAG projected SU(2) lattice gauge
  theory

Maximal Abelian gauge fixing and subsequent Abelian projection of SU(2)
lattice gauge theory defines closed trajectories of magnetic monopoles. These
trajectories can be interpreted in terms of an effective scalar field theory of
the MAG monopoles using the worldline representation of the functional
determinants. Employing the monopole worldlines detected in the numerical
simulation, we show that a scalar bound state exists. The screening mass $m$ of
this state properly scales towards the continuum limit. We find m ~ 1.3 $GeV
when the string tension sigma = 440 MeV is used as reference scale.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Phys. Lett.