pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spin-dependent correlations and the semi-exclusive $^{16}O(e,e'p)$ reaction

The effect of central, tensor and spin-isospin nucleon-nucleon correlations upon semi-exclusive ^{16}O(e,e'p) reactions is studied for Q^2 and Bjorken x values in the range $0.2 \lesssim Q^2 \lesssim 1.1 (GeV/c)^2$ and 0.15 a framework that accounts not only for the dynamical coupling of virtual photons to correlated nucleon pairs but also for meson-exchange and substantially larger amounts of semi-exclusive ^{16}O(e,e'p) strength than central correlations do and are predominantly manifest in the proton-neutron knockout channel. With the exception of the $x \approx 2$ case, in all kinematical situations studied the meson-exchange and isobar currents are a strong source of A(e,e'p) strength at deep missing energies. This feature gives the A(e,e'p) strength at deep missing energies a pronounced transverse character
(2,0)-supersymmetric sigma models and almost complex structures

We find a new class of (2,0)-supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma models with
torsion and target spaces almost complex manifolds extending similar results
for models with (2,2) supersymmetry. These models are invariant under a new
symmetry which is generated by a Noether charge of Lorentz weight one and it is
associated to the Nijenhuis tensor of the almost complex structure of the sigma
model target manifold. We compute the Poisson bracket algebra of charges of the
above (2,0)-and (2,2)-supersymmetric sigma models and show that it closes but
it is not isomorphic to the standard (2,0) and (2,2) supersymmetry algebra,
respectively. Examples of such (2,0)- and (2,2)-supersymmetric sigma models
with target spaces group manifolds are also given. In addition, we study the
quantisation of the (2,0)-supersymmetric sigma models, compute the anomalies of
their classical symmetries and examine their cancellation. Furthermore, we
examine the massive extension of (2,0)-supersymmetric sigma models with target
spaces almost complex manifolds, and study the topological twist of the new
supersymmetry algebras.Comment: 26 pages, phyzz
Mathematical models in biology

Aerotaxis is the particular form of chemotaxis in which oxygen plays the role
of both the attractant and the repellent. Aerotaxis occurs without methylation
adaptation, and it leads to fast and complete aggregation toward the most
favorable oxygen concentration. Biochemical pathways of aerotaxis remain
largely elusive, however, aerotactic pattern formation is well documented. This
allows mathematical modeling to test plausible hypotheses about the biochemical
mechanisms. Our model demonstrates that assuming fast, non-methylation
adaptation produces theoretical results that are consistent with experimental
observations. We obtain analytical estimates for parameter values that are
difficult to obtain experimentally.
  Chemotaxis in growth cones differs from gradient sensing in other animal
cells, because growth cones can change their attractive or repulsive response
to the same chemical gradient based on their internal calcium or cAMP levels.
We create two models describing different aspects of growth cone guidance. One
model describes the internal switch that determines the direction of movement.
However, this model allows chemotaxis under certain conditions only, so a
second model is created to propose a mechanism that allows growth cone guidance
in any environment.
  Endothelial cells go through extensive morphological changes when exposed to
shear stress due to blood flow. These morphological changes are thought to be
at least partially the result of mechanical signals, such as deformations,
transmitted to the cell structures. Our model describes an endothelial cell as
a network of viscoelastic Kelvin bodies with experimentally obtained
parameters. Qualitative predictions of the model agree with experiments.Comment: Dissertation. 214 pages with 82 figures. Parts of the dissertation
  have been submitted for publication. The chapter on modeling deformation of
  endothelial cells is published; the reference is given belo
(Non)Thermal Aspects of Charmonium Production and a New Look at J/$\psi$
  Suppression

To investigate a recent proposal that J/$\psi$ production in
ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions is of thermal origin we have reanalyzed
the data from the NA38/50 collaboration within a thermal model including charm.
Comparison of the calculated with measured yields demonstrates the non-thermal
origin of hidden charm production at SPS energy. However, the ratio
$\psi^{'}$/(J/$\psi)$ exhibits, in central nucleus-nucleus collisions, thermal
features which lead us to a new interpretation of open charm and charmonium
production at SPS energy. Implications for RHIC and LHC energy measurements
will be discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 eps figures, final version with slight corrections, Phys.
  Lett. B (in print
The Meerkat Effect: Personality and Market Returns Affect Investors’ Portfolio Monitoring Behavior

Karlsson, Loewenstein and Seppi (2009) found that, following market downswings, investors are less likely to login to monitor their retirement portfolios. They concluded that, rather like (apocryphal) ostriches sticking their heads in the sand, investors avoid unpleasant information by reducing portfolio monitoring in response to news of negative market movement. We apply generalized non-linear mixed effects models to test for this selective information monitoring at an individual level in a new sample of active online investors. We see different behavior in this new sample. We find that investors increase their portfolio monitoring following both positive and daily negative market returns, behaving more like hyper-vigilant meerkats than head-in-the-sand ostriches. This pattern persists for logins not resulting in trades and weekend logins when markets are closed. Moreover, an investor personality trait – neuroticism - attenuates the pattern of portfolio monitoring suggesting that market–driven variation in portfolio monitoring is attributable to psychological factors
Proton computed tomography reconstruction using a backprojection-then-filtering approach

A novel approach to proton CT reconstruction using backprojection-then- filtering is proposed. A list-mode algorithm is formulated accommodating non-linear proton paths. The analytical form is derived for the deblurring kernel necessary for the filtering step. Further, a finite matrix correction is derived to correct for the limited size of the backprojection matrix. High quantitative accuracy in relative stopping power is demonstrated (≤ 0.1%) using Monte Carlo simulations. This accuracy makes the algorithm a promising candidate for future proton CT systems in proton therapy applications. For the purposes of reconstruction, each proton path in the object-of- interest was estimated based on a cubic spline fit to the proton entry and exit vectors. The superior spatial-resolution of the backprojection-then-filtering (BPF) method over the standard filtering-then-backprojection (FBP) approach is demonstrated. As the BPF algorithm requires only one backprojection and filtering operation on a scan data set, it also offers computational advantages over an iterative reconstruction approach
Free energy landscape and characteristic forces for the initiation of
  DNA unzipping

DNA unzipping, the separation of its double helix into single strands, is
crucial in modulating a host of genetic processes. Although the large-scale
separation of double-stranded DNA has been studied with a variety of
theoretical and experimental techniques, the minute details of the very first
steps of unzipping are still unclear. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics
(MD) simulations, coarse-grained simulations and a statistical-mechanical model
to study the initiation of DNA unzipping by an external force. The calculation
of the potential of mean force profiles for the initial separation of the first
few terminal base pairs in a DNA oligomer reveal that forces ranging between
130 and 230 pN are needed to disrupt the first base pair, values of an order of
magnitude larger than those needed to disrupt base pairs in partially unzipped
DNA. The force peak has an "echo," of approximately 50 pN, at the distance that
unzips the second base pair. We show that the high peak needed to initiate
unzipping derives from a free energy basin that is distinct from the basins of
subsequent base pairs because of entropic contributions and we highlight the
microscopic origin of the peak. Our results suggest a new window of exploration
for single molecule experiments.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures , Accepted for publication in Biophysical Journa
Single-spin asymmetries in the leptoproduction of transversely polarized
  $\Lambda$ hyperons

We analyze single-spin asymmetries (SSAs) in the leptoproduction of
transversely polarized $\Lambda$ hyperons within the collinear twist-3
formalism. We calculate both the distribution and fragmentation terms in two
different gauges (lightcone and Feynman) and show that the results are
identical. This is the first time that the fragmentation piece has been
analyzed for transversely polarized hadron production within the collinear
twist-3 framework. In lightcone gauge we use the same techniques that were
employed in computing the analogous piece in $p^\uparrow p\to \pi\,X$, which
has become an important part to that reaction. With this in mind, we also
verify the gauge invariance of the formulas for the transverse SSA in the
leptoproduction of pions.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, reference added, version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Non-equilibrium behavior of the magnetization in the helimagnetic phases
  of the rare earth alloys R_{1-x}Y_{x} (R = Gd, Tb, Dy)

We have performed DC and AC magnetization measurements for the rare-earth
magnetic alloy systems Gd_{0.62}Y_{0.38}, Tb_{0.86}Y_{0.14}, and
Dy_{0.97}Y_{0.03}. These materials commonly exhibit a proper helical magnetic
structure, and ferromagnetic structure at lower temperatures.In all of these
materials, a difference between zero-field-cooled (ZFC) magnetization and
field-cooled (FC) magnetization and a hysteresis loop in the M-H curve have
been observed in the helimagnetic phases. The non-equilibrium behavior is
possibly caused by a common nature, e. g., chiral domain structures. In
addition to the above behavior, strong non-linearity of the magnetization and
slow spin dynamics have been observed around the N'eel temperature only in
Gd$_{0.62}$Y$_{0.38}$. The spin-glass like behavior observed in
Gd_{0.62}Y_{0.38} could be related to a novel glassy state such as a
helical-glass state.Comment: 7pages 4 figures, 20th International Conference on Magnetism
  (ICM2015
Neutron stars - cooling and transport

Observations of thermal radiation from neutron stars can potentially provide
information about the states of supranuclear matter in the interiors of these
stars with the aid of the theory of neutron-star thermal evolution. We review
the basics of this theory for isolated neutron stars with strong magnetic
fields, including most relevant thermodynamic and kinetic properties in the
stellar core, crust, and blanketing envelopes.Comment: 57 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures, invited topical review in The
  Strongest Magnetic Fields in the Universe, eds. V. S. Beskin, A. Balogh, M.
  Falanga, M. Lyutikov, S. Mereghetti, T. Piran, R. A. Treumann (Space Sciences
  Series of ISSI, Springer). In v.2, a typo in Eq.(3) is fixed. In v.3,
  Eqs.(32)-(33) are corrected, and references update
Personality and job engagement

The affective-motivational state of job engagement has been shown to differ between jobs with different characteristics, but its possible links with workers' personal attributes have rarely been studied. Engagement was predicted to be a primary function of personality factors and sub-factors which match its affective and motivational elements, namely Emotional Stability and more energized forms of Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Predictions were confirmed in correlational and regression analyses across three studies. Theoretical frameworks in this area should extend to personal characteristics in addition to covering job content, and practical benefits can follow from engagement-relevant staff selection and development as well as from appropriate job design. © 2011 Hogrefe Publishing
On numerical aspects of pseudo-complex powers in ℝ3

In this paper we consider a particularly important case of 3D monogenic polynomials that are isomorphic to the integer powers of one complex variable (called pseudo-complex powers or pseudo-complex polynomials, PCP). The construction of bases for spaces of monogenic polynomials in the framework of Clifford Analysis has been discussed by several authors and from different points of view. Here our main concern are numerical aspects of the implementation of PCP as bases of monogenic polynomials of homogeneous degree k. The representation of the well known Fueter polynomial basis by a particular PCP-basis is subject to a detailed analysis for showing the numerical efficiency of the use of PCP. In this context a modification of the Eisinberg-Fedele algorithm for inverting a Vandermonde matrix is presented
Search for charged Higgs bosons through the violation of lepton universality in t art events using  collision data at sqrts=7 TeV with the AT experiment

In several extensions of the Standard Model, the top quark can decay into a bottom quark and a light charged Higgs boson H+, t -> bH(+), in addition to the Standard Model decay t -> bW. Since W bosons decay to the three lepton generations equally, while H+ may predominantly decay into tau nu, charged Higgs bosons can be searched for using the violation of lepton universality in top quark decays. The analysis in this paper is based on 4.6 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Signatures containing leptons (e or mu) and/or a hadronically decaying tau (tau(had)) are used. Event yield ratios between e+ tau(had) and e + mu, as well as between mu + tau(had) and mu + e, final states are measured in the data and compared to predictions from simulations. This ratio-based method reduces the impact of systematic uncertainties in the analysis. No significant deviation from the Standard Model predictions is observed. With the assumption that the branching fraction B(H+ -> tau nu) is 100%, upper limits in the range 3.2%-4.4% can be placed on the branching fraction B(t -> bH(+)) for charged Higgs boson masses m(H+) in the range 90-140GeV. After combination with results from a search for charged Higgs bosons in t (t) over bar decays using the tau(had) + jets final state, upper limits on B(t -> bH(+)) can be set in the range 0.8%-3.4%, for m(H+) in the range 90-160GeV
Magnetic memory based on La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_(3)/YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)/La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_(3) ferromagnet/superconductor hybrid structures

We report a memory concept utilizing ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_(3)/YBa_(2)Cu_(3)O_(7)/La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)MnO_(3) thin film hybrid structures. The orientation of the magnetic field with respect to the ferromagnetic easy axis has a strong effect on superconductivity as indicated by a strong variation in the magnetoresistance MR. MR can be controlled by rotating a small magnetic field applied in the plane of the film in a way that is determined by the in-plane biaxial magnetic anisotropy. The proposed memory device has the advantages of superconducting detection elements fast response and low dissipation, small 100–150 Oe writing fields, and resistance read-out without need for applied field
Quantifying variation in δ 13C and δ 15N isotopes within and between feathers and individuals: Is one sample enough?

Studies of avian migration increasingly use stable isotope analysis to provide vital trophic and spatial markers. However, when interpreting differences in stable isotope values of feathers, many studies are forced to make assumptions about the timing of moult. A fundamental question remains about the consistency of these values within and between feathers from the same individual. In this study, we examine variation in carbon and nitrogen isotopes by sub-sampling feathers collected from the wings of adults of two small congeneric petrel species, the broad-billed Pachyptila vittata and Antarctic prion P. desolata. Broad-billed prion feather vane material was enriched in 15N compared to feather rachis material, but there was no detectable difference in δ 13C. Comparison of multiple samples taken from Antarctic prion feathers indicated subtle difference in isotopes; rachis material was enriched in 13C compared to vane material, and there were differences along the length of the feather, with samples from the middle and tip of the feather depleted in 15N compared to those from the base. While the greatest proportion of model variance was explained by differences between feathers and individuals, the magnitude of these within-feather differences was up to 0.5 ‰ in δ 15N and 0.8 ‰ in δ 13C. We discuss the potential drivers of these differences, linking isotopic variation to individual-level dietary differences, movement patterns and temporal dietary shifts. A novel result is that within-feather differences in δ 13C may be attributed to differences in keratin structure within feathers, suggesting further work is required to understand the role of different amino acids. Our results highlight the importance of multiple sampling regimes that consider both within- and between-feather variation in studies using stable isotopes
Dynamics of rising CO2 bubble plumes in the QICS field experiment: Part 2 – Modelling

Highlights\ud
\ud
•    The dynamics of leaked bubble plumes are analysed from the QICS experiment.\ud
•    Bubble distribution and interaction sub-models validated against experimental data.\ud
•    Interactions bring simulation results closer to that experienced in the experiment.\ud
•    Improved small scale two phase model applied to simulate the full QICS experiment.\ud
•    Limitations from neglecting both topography and the CO2 solution leaked from seabed.\ud
\ud
Abstract\ud
\ud
An oceanic two-phase plume model is developed to include bubble size distribution and bubble interactions, applied to the prediction of CO2 bubble plume and CO2 solution dynamics observed from the recent QICS field experiment in the Scottish sea at Ardmucknish Bay. Observations show bubbles form at between 2 and 12 mm in diameter, where the inclusion of the interactions within the simulations brings results of bubble plumes closer to that of the experiment. Under a given leakage flux, simulations show that the bubble size affects the maximum pCO2 dissolved in the water column, while the bubble interactions affect the vertical bubble distribution. The maximum modelled pCO2 increases from a background 360 μatm to 400, 427 and 443 μatm as CO2 injection rates increase from 80, 170 to 208 kg/day respectively at low tide. An increase of the leakage rate to 100% of the injection rate shows the maximum pCO2 could be 713 μatm, approaching the mean pCO2 observed of 740 μatm during the high leakage component of the experiment, suggesting that the flux may be greater than estimated due to the varied flux and activity across the pockmarks during the leakages
Multi-strange baryon production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with ALICE

A measurement of the multi-strange Ξ− and Ω− baryons and their antiparticles by the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presented for inelastic proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The transverse momentum (pT) distributions were studied at mid-rapidity (|y| &lt; 0.5) in the range of 0.6 &lt; pT &lt; 8.5 GeV/c for Ξ− and bar-Ξ+ baryons, and in the range of 0.8 &lt; pT &lt; 5 GeV/c for Ω− and bar-Ω+. Baryons and antibaryons were measured as separate particles and we find that the baryon to antibaryon ratio of both particle species is consistent with unity over the entire range of the measurement. The statistical precision of the current data has allowed us to measure a difference between the mean pT of Ξ− (bar-Ξ+) and Ω− (bar-Ω+). Particle yields, mean pT, and the spectra in the intermediate pT range are not well described by the PYTHIA Perugia 2011 tune Monte Carlo event generator, which has been tuned to reproduce the early LHC data. The discrepancy is largest for Ω− (bar-Ω+). This PYTHIA tune approaches the pT spectra of Ξ− and bar-Ξ+ baryons below pT &lt; 0.85 GeV/c and describes the Ξ− and bar-Ξ+ spectra above pT &gt; 6.0 GeV/c. We also illustrate the difference between the experimental data and model by comparing the corresponding ratios of (Ω− + bar-Ω+)/(Ξ− + bar-Ξ+) as a function of transverse mass
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-s=2.76 Tev

The elliptic flow coefficient (v(2)) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |Delta eta| > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v (2) is reported for pi(+/-), K-+/-, K-S(0), p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+) and Omega(-)+(Omega) over bar (+) in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (p(T)) region, p(T) < 3 GeV/c, v(2)(p(T)) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for pi (+/-) and the combined K-+/- and K-S(0) results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the v(2)(p(T)) for p+(p) over bar, phi, Lambda+(Lambda) over bar, Xi+(Xi) over bar (+). For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/c, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of +/- 20% for p(T) > 3 GeV/c
Measurement of the production cross sections for a Z boson and one or more b jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The production of a Z boson, decaying into two leptons and produced in association with one or more b jets, is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb(−1). The Z(ℓℓ) + b-jets cross sections (where ℓℓ = μμ or ee) are measured separately for a Z boson produced with exactly one b jet and with at least two b jets. In addition, a cross section ratio is extracted for a Z boson produced with at least one b jet, relative to a Z boson produced with at least one jet. The measured cross sections are compared to various theoretical predictions, and the data favour the predictions in the five-flavour scheme, where b quarks are assumed massless. The kinematic properties of the reconstructed particles are compared with the predictions from the MadGraph event generator using the pythia parton shower simulation