pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Knot invariants and the Bollobás–Riordan polynomial of embedded graphs

AbstractFor a graph G embedded in an orientable surface Σ, we consider associated links L(G) in the thickened surface Σ×I. We relate the HOMFLY polynomial of L(G) to the recently defined Bollobás–Riordan polynomial of a ribbon graph. This generalizes celebrated results of Jaeger and Traldi. We use knot theory to prove results about graph polynomials and, after discussing questions of equivalence of the polynomials, we go on to use our formulae to prove a duality relation for the Bollobás–Riordan polynomial. We then consider the specialization to the Jones polynomial and recent results of Chmutov and Pak to relate the Bollobás–Riordan polynomials of an embedded graph and its tensor product with a cycle
The evolution of green jobs in Scotland: A hybrid approach

AbstractIn support of its ambitious target to reduce CO2 emissions the Scottish Government is aiming to have the equivalent of 100% of Scottish electricity consumption generated from renewable sources by 2020. This is, at least in part, motivated by an expectation of subsequent employment growth in low carbon and renewable energy technologies; however there is no official data source to track employment in these areas. This has led to a variety of definitions, methodologies and alternative estimates being produced. Building on a recent study (Bishop and Brand, 2013) we develop a “hybrid” approach which combines the detail of “bottom-up” surveys with “top-down” trend data to produce estimates on employment in Low Carbon Environmental Goods and Services (LCEGS). We demonstrate this methodology to produce estimates for such employment in Scotland between 2004 and 2012. Our approach shows how survey and official sources can combine to produce a more timely measure of employment in LCEGS activities, assisting policymakers in tracking, consistently, developments. Applying our approach, we find that over this period employment in LCEGS in Scotland grew, but that this was more volatile than aggregate employment, and in particular that employment in this sector was particularly badly hit during the great recession
Constraints on non-Standard Model Higgs boson interactions in an effective Lagrangian using differential cross sections measured in the H→γγ decay channel at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThe strength and tensor structure of the Higgs boson's interactions are investigated using an effective Lagrangian, which introduces additional CP-even and CP-odd interactions that lead to changes in the kinematic properties of the Higgs boson and associated jet spectra with respect to the Standard Model. The parameters of the effective Lagrangian are probed using a fit to five differential cross sections previously measured by the ATLAS experiment in the H→γγ decay channel with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 at s=8 TeV. In order to perform a simultaneous fit to the five distributions, the statistical correlations between them are determined by re-analysing the H→γγ candidate events in the proton–proton collision data. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed and limits on the effective Lagrangian parameters are derived. The statistical correlations are made publicly available to allow for future analysis of theories with non-Standard Model interactions
The Proteasome Distinguishes between Heterotypic and Homotypic Lysine-11-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains

SummaryProteasome-mediated degradation occurs with proteins principally modified with lysine-48 polyubiquitin chains. Whether the proteasome also can bind atypical ubiquitin chains, including those linked by lysine-11, has not been well established. This is critically important, as lysine-11 polyubiquitination has been implicated in both proteasome-mediated degradation and non-degradative outcomes. Here we demonstrate that pure homotypic lysine-11-linked chains do not bind strongly to the mammalian proteasome. By contrast, heterotypic polyubiquitin chains, containing lysine-11 and lysine-48 linkages, not only bind to the proteasome but also stimulate the proteasomal degradation of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin B1. Thus, while heterotypic lysine-11-linked chains facilitate proteasomal degradation, homotypic lysine-11 linkages adopt conformations that prevent association with the proteasome. Our data demonstrate the capacity of the proteasome to bind ubiquitin chains of distinct topology, with implications for the recognition and diverse biological functions of mixed ubiquitin chains
Local thermalization in the d+Au system

AbstractThe extent of a locally equilibrated parton plasma in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV is investigated as a function of collision centrality in a nonequilibrium-statistical framework. Based on a three-sources model, analytical solutions of a relativistic diffusion equation are in precise agreement with recent data for charged-particle pseudorapidity distributions. The moving midrapidity source indicates the size of the local thermal equilibrium region after hadronization. In central d+Au collisions it contains about 19% of the produced particles, and its relative importance rises with decreasing centrality
Convex hulls of random walks and their scaling limits

AbstractFor the perimeter length and the area of the convex hull of the first n steps of a planar random walk, we study n→∞ mean and variance asymptotics and establish non-Gaussian distributional limits. Our results apply to random walks with drift (for the area) and walks with no drift (for both area and perimeter length) under mild moments assumptions on the increments. These results complement and contrast with previous work which showed that the perimeter length in the case with drift satisfies a central limit theorem. We deduce these results from weak convergence statements for the convex hulls of random walks to scaling limits defined in terms of convex hulls of certain Brownian motions. We give bounds that confirm that the limiting variances in our results are non-zero
True ternary fission, the collinear decay into fragments of similar size in the 252Cf(sf) and 235U(nth, f) reactions

AbstractThe collinear cluster decay in 252Cf(sf, fff), with three cluster fragments of different masses (e.g. 132Sn, 52–48Ca, 68–72Ni), which has been observed by the FOBOS group in JINR, has established a new decay mode of heavy nuclei, the collinear cluster tripartition (CCT). The same type of ternary fission decay has been observed in the reaction 235U(nth, fff). This kind of “true ternary fission” of heavy nuclei has been predicted many times in theoretical works during the last decades. In the present note we discuss true ternary fission (TFFF) into three nuclei of almost equal size (e.g. Z=98→Zi=32, 34, 32) in the same systems. The possible fission channels are predicted from potential-energy (PES) calculations. These PES's show pronounced minima for several ternary fragmentation decays, e.g. for 252Cf(sf) and for 235U(nth, f). They suggest the existence of a variety of collinear ternary fission modes. The TFFF-decays chosen in this letter have very similar dynamical features as the previously observed collinear CCT-decays. The data obtained in the above mentioned experiments allow us to extract the yield for these TFFF-decays in both systems by using specific gates on the measured parameters. These yields are a few 1.0⋅10−6/(binary fission)
Spontaneous Contractility-Mediated Cortical Flow Generates Cell Migration in Three-Dimensional Environments

AbstractWe present a model of cell motility generated by actomyosin contraction of the cell cortex. We identify, analytically, dynamical instabilities of the cortex and show that they yield steady-state cortical flows, which, in turn, can induce cell migration in three-dimensional environments. This mechanism relies on the regulation of contractility by myosin, whose transport is explicitly taken into account in the model. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data of tumor cells migrating in three-dimensional matrigel and suggest that this mechanism could be a general mode of cell migration in three-dimensional environments
Encapsulation and Dynamic Modularity in the π-calculus

AbstractWe describe a process calculus featuring high level constructs for component-oriented programming in a distributed setting. We propose an extension of the higher-order π-calculus intended to capture several important mechanisms related to component-based programming, such as dynamic update, reconfiguration and code migration. In this paper, we are primarily concerned with the possibility to build a distributed implementation of our calculus. Accordingly, we define a low-level calculus, that describes how the high-level constructs are implemented, as well as details of the data structures manipulated at runtime. We also discuss current and future directions of research in relation to our analysis of component-based programming
Continuum limit of string formation in 3d SU(2) LGT

AbstractWe study the continuum limit of the string-like behaviour of flux tubes formed between static quarks and antiquarks in three-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory. We compare our simulation data with the predictions of both effective string models as well as perturbation theory. On the string side we obtain clear evidence for convergence of data to predictions of Nambu–Goto theory. We comment on the scales at which the static potential starts departing from one-loop perturbation theory and then again being well described by effective string theories. We also estimate the leading corrections to the one-loop perturbative potential as well as the Nambu–Goto effective string. In the intermediate regions we find an empirical formula which gives surprisingly good fits. We also compare our results with earlier works
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2alpha Mutation-Related Paragangliomas Classify as Discrete Pseudohypoxic Subcluster

Contains fulltext :
                  172720.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Recently, activating mutations of the hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha gene (HIF2A/EPAS1) have been recognized to predispose to multiple paragangliomas (PGLs) and duodenal somatostatinomas associated with polycythemia, and ocular abnormalities. Previously, mutations in the SDHA/B/C/D, SDHAF2, VHL, FH, PHD1, and PHD2 genes have been associated with HIF activation and the development of pseudohypoxic (cluster-1) PGLs. These tumors overlap in terms of tumor location, syndromic presentation, and noradrenergic phenotype to a certain extent. However, they also differ especially by clinical outcome and by presence of other tumors or abnormalities. In the present study, we aimed to establish additional molecular differences between HIF2A and non-HIF2A pseudohypoxic PGLs. RNA expression patterns of HIF2A PGLs (n=6) from 2 patients were compared with normal adrenal medullas (n=8) and other hereditary pseudohypoxic PGLs (VHL: n=13, SDHB: n=15, and SDHD: n=14). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering showed that HIF2A PGLs made up a separate cluster from other pseudohypoxic PGLs. Significance analysis of microarray yielded 875 differentially expressed genes between HIF2A and other pseudohypoxic PGLs after normalization to adrenal medulla (false discovery rate 0.01). Prediction analysis of microarray allowed correct classification of all HIF2A samples based on as little as three genes (TRHDE, LRRC63, IGSF10; error rate: 0.02). Genes with the highest expression difference between normal medulla and HIF2A PGLs were selected for confirmatory quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, HIF2A PGLs show a characteristic expression signature that separates them from non-HIF2A pseudohypoxic PGLs. Unexpectedly, the most significantly differentially expressed genes have not been previously described as HIF target genes
Role of Charge Traps in the Performance of Atomically-Thin Transistors

Transient currents in atomically thin MoTe$_2$ field-effect transistor are
measured during cycles of pulses through the gate electrode. The transients are
analyzed in light of a newly proposed model for charge trapping dynamics that
renders a time-dependent change in threshold voltage the dominant effect on the
channel hysteretic behavior over emission currents from the charge traps. The
proposed model is expected to be instrumental in understanding the fundamental
physics that governs the performance of atomically thin FETs and is applicable
to the entire class of atomically thin-based devices. Hence, the model is vital
to the intelligent design of fast and highly efficient opto-electronic devices.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, including the supporting informatio
Short interfering RNA induced generation and translation of stable 5\u27 mRNA cleavage intermediates

Sequence-specific degradation of homologous mRNA is the main mechanism by which short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) suppress gene expression. Generally, it is assumed that the mRNA fragments resulting from Ago2 cleavage are rapidly degraded, thus making the transcript translation-incompetent. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the post-cleavage mRNA decay are not completely understood and the fate of cleavage intermediates has been poorly studied. Using specific siRNAs and short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) we show that the 5′ and 3′ mRNA cleavage fragments of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) E6/7 mRNA, over-expressed in cervical malignancies, are unevenly degraded. Intriguingly, the 5′ mRNA fragment was more abundant and displayed a greater stability than the corresponding 3′ mRNA fragment in RNAi-treated cells. Further analysis revealed that the 5′ mRNA fragment was polysome-associated, indicating its active translation, and this was further confirmed by using tagged E7 protein to show that C-terminally truncated proteins were produced in treated cells. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the degradation of siRNA-targeted transcripts and show that RNAi can alter protein expression in cells as a result of preferential stabilization and translation of the 5′ cleavage fragment. These results challenge the current model of siRNA-mediated RNAi and provide a significant step forward towards understanding non-canonical pathways of siRNA gene silencing
The log-Brunn-Minkowski inequality

For origin-symmetric convex bodies (i.e., the unit balls of finite dimensional Banach spaces) it is conjectured that there exist a family of inequalities each of which is stronger than the classical Brunn-Minkowski inequality and a family of inequalities each of which is stronger than the classical Minkowski mixed-volume inequality. It is shown that these two families of inequalities are "equivalent" in that once either of these inequalities is established, the other must follow as a consequence. All of the conjectured inequalities are established for plane convex bodies. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Numerical Simulations of Magnetoacoustic-Gravity Waves in the Solar
  Atmosphere

We investigate the excitation of magnetoacoustic-gravity waves generated from
localized pulses in the gas pressure as well as in vertical component of
velocity. These pulses are initially launched at the top of the solar
photosphere that is permeated by a weak magnetic field. We investigate three
different configurations of the background magnetic field lines: horizontal,
vertical and oblique to the gravitational force. We numerically model
magnetoacoustic-gravity waves by implementing a realistic (VAL-C) model of
solar temperature. We solve two-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations
numerically with the use of the FLASH code to simulate the dynamics of the
lower solar atmosphere. The initial pulses result in shocks at higher
altitudes. Our numerical simulations reveal that a small-amplitude initial
pulse can produce magnetoacoustic-gravity waves, which are later reflected from
the transition region due to the large temperature gradient. The atmospheric
cavities in the lower solar atmosphere are found to be the ideal places that
may act as a resonator for various oscillations, including their trapping and
leakage into the higher atmosphere. Our numerical simulations successfully
model the excitation of such wave modes, their reflection and trapping, as well
as the associated plasma dynamics
Search for a low-mass pseudoscalar Higgs boson produced in association with a bb̅ pair in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search is reported for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson decaying to a pair of τ leptons, produced in association with a bb pair, in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models. The results are based on pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. Pseudoscalar boson masses between 25 and 80 GeV are probed. No evidence for a pseudoscalar boson is found and upper limits are set on the product of cross section and branching fraction to τ pairs between 7 and 39 pb at the 95% confidence level. This excludes pseudoscalar A bosons with masses between 25 and 80 GeV, with SM-like Higgs boson negative couplings to down-type fermions, produced in association with bb pairs, in Type II, two-Higgs-doublet models.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Breaks in thin and thick discs of edge-on galaxies imaged in the Spitzer
  Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)

Breaks in the radial luminosity profiles of galaxies have been until now
mostly studied averaged over discs. Here we study separately breaks in thin and
thick discs in 70 edge-on galaxies using imaging from the Spitzer Survey of
Stellar Structure in Galaxies. We built luminosity profiles of the thin and the
thick discs parallel to midplanes and we found that thin discs often truncate
(77%). Thick discs truncate less often (31%), but when they do, their break
radius is comparable with that in the thin disc. This suggests either two
different truncation mechanisms - one of dynamical origin affecting both discs
simultaneously and another one only affecting the thin disc - or a single
mechanism that creates a truncation in one disc or in both depending on some
galaxy property. Thin discs apparently antitruncate in around 40% of galaxies.
However, in many cases, these antitruncations are an artifact caused by the
superposition of a thin disc and a thick disc with the latter having a longer
scale length. We estimate the real thin disc antitruncation fraction to be less
than 15%. We found that the ratio of the thick and thin stellar disc mass is
roughly constant (0.2<M_T/M_t<0.7) for circular velocities v_c>120 km/s, but
becomes much larger at smaller velocities. We hypothesize that this is due to a
combination of a high efficiency of supernova feedback and a slower dynamical
evolution in lower-mass galaxies causing stellar thin discs to be younger and
less massive than in higher-mass galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Neutral modes of a two-dimensional vortex and their link to persistent\ud
cat’s eyes

This paper considers the relaxation of a smooth two-dimensional vortex to axisymmetry after the\ud
application of an instantaneous, weak external strain field. In this limit the disturbance decays\ud
exponentially in time at a rate that is linked to a pole of the associated linear inviscid problem\ud
(known as a Landau pole). As a model of a typical vortex distribution that can give rise to cat’s eyes,\ud
here distributions are examined that have a basic Gaussian shape but whose profiles have been\ud
artificially flattened about some radius rc. A numerical study of the Landau poles for this family of\ud
vortices shows that as rc is varied so the decay rate of the disturbance moves smoothly between\ud
poles as the decay rates of two Landau poles cross. Cat’s eyes that occur in the nonlinear evolution\ud
of a vortex lead to an axisymmetric azimuthally averaged profile with an annulus of approximately\ud
uniform vorticity, rather like the artificially flattened profiles investigated. Based on the stability of\ud
such profiles it is found that finite thickness cat’s eyes can persist (i.e., the mean profile has a neutral\ud
mode) at two distinct radii, and in the limit of a thin flattened region the result that vanishingly thin\ud
cat’s eyes only persist at a single radius is recovered. The decay of nonaxisymmetric perturbations\ud
to these flattened profiles for larger times is investigated and a comparison made with the result for\ud
a Gaussian profile
NLO predictions for the production of a spin-two particle at the LHC.

We obtain predictions accurate at the next-to-leading order in QCD for the production of a generic spin-two particle in the most relevant channels at the LHC: production in association with coloured particles (inclusive, one jet, two jets and tt¯), with vector bosons (Z,W±,γ) and with the Higgs boson. We present total and differential cross sections as well as branching ratios as a function of the mass and the collision energy also considering the case of non-universal couplings to standard model particles. We find that the next-to-leading order corrections give rise to sizeable K factors for many channels, in some cases exposing the unitarity-violating behaviour of non-universal couplings scenarios, and in general greatly reduce the theoretical uncertainties. Our predictions are publicly available in the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework and can, therefore, be directly used in experimental simulations of spin-two particle production for arbitrary values of the mass and couplings
Search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} =7 TeV

A search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to both the standard model Higgs boson and to the neutral Higgs bosons predicted by the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). No excess of events is observed in the tau-pair invariant-mass spectrum. For a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range of 110–145 GeV upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) on the production cross section are determined. We exclude a Higgs boson with mH=115 GeV with a production cross section 3.2 times of that predicted by the standard model. In the MSSM, upper limits on the neutral Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs, as a function of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass, mA, sets stringent new bounds in the parameter space, excluding at 95% CL values of tan β as low as 7.1 at mA=160 GeV in the View the MathML source benchmark scenario
SECM study of steel corrosion under scratched microencapsulated epoxy resin

Scratch tests were performed on epoxy coated steel samples with and without microcapsulated linseed oil, known to develop a polymerized protective layer after having been released from the capsules at the damaged sites. The scanning electrochemical microscope has been applied to monitor the protection efficiency of this self-healing coating in aqueous acidic solution. In the proximity of the local damage, both the anodic metal dissolution and the cathodic oxygen reduction showed that the coating with microcapsules substantially and spontaneously decreased the rate of corrosion proving the self-repair concept of the coating. Electrochemical impedance measurements underline the protective effect of the coating as well
Breaks in the Breaks: A Time-Series Analysis of Divorce Rates

The economic literature examining changes in divorce rates is not conclusive since legal reforms have been found to have permanent, transitory or no effect on divorce rates. This paper studies differences in divorce rates among 16 European countries from 1930 to 2006, by exploiting time-series analysis. We find that 37.5% of the divorce rate’s series are stationary, so that any shock had a transitory effect. However, we also detect structural breaks in the average divorce rate for each country that are endogenously located very close to the year of the divorce law legislation (the same year or some years later).