pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
WASI-2D: A software tool for regionally optimized analysis of imaging spectrometer data from deep and shallow waters

AbstractAn image processing software has been developed which allows quantitative analysis of multi- and hyperspectral data from oceanic, coastal and inland waters. It has been implemented into the Water Colour Simulator WASI, which is a tool for the simulation and analysis of optical properties and light field parameters of deep and shallow waters. The new module WASI-2D can import atmospherically corrected images from airborne sensors and satellite instruments in various data formats and units like remote sensing reflectance or radiance. It can be easily adapted by the user to different sensors and to optical properties of the studied area. Data analysis is done by inverse modelling using established analytical models. The bio-optical model of the water column accounts for gelbstoff (coloured dissolved organic matter, CDOM), detritus, and mixtures of up to 6 phytoplankton classes and 2 spectrally different types of suspended matter. The reflectance of the sea floor is treated as sum of up to 6 substrate types. An analytic model of downwelling irradiance allows wavelength dependent modelling of sun glint and sky glint at the water surface. The provided database covers the spectral range from 350 to 1000nm in 1nm intervals. It can be exchanged easily to represent the optical properties of water constituents, bottom types and the atmosphere of the studied area
On a Lorentz-invariant interpretation of noncommutative space–time and its implications on noncommutative QFT

AbstractBy invoking the concept of twisted Poincaré symmetry of the algebra of functions on a Minkowski space–time, we demonstrate that the noncommutative space–time with the commutation relations [xμ,xν]=iθμν, where θμν is a constant real antisymmetric matrix, can be interpreted in a Lorentz-invariant way. The implications of the twisted Poincaré symmetry on QFT on such a space–time is briefly discussed. The presence of the twisted symmetry gives justification to all the previous treatments within NC QFT using Lorentz invariant quantities and the representations of the usual Poincaré symmetry
Species distribution modelling for Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Benin, West Africa: Comparing datasets and modelling algorithms

AbstractRhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and Anaplasma marginale. It was recently introduced to West Africa on live animals originating from Brazil. Knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. To test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental explanatory variables, species distribution models for this tick species in Benin were developed using generalized linear models, linear discriminant analysis and random forests. The training data for these models were a dataset containing reported absence or presence in 104 farms, randomly selected across Benin. These farms were sampled at the end of the rainy season, which corresponds with an annual peak in tick abundance. Two environmental datasets for the country of Benin were compared: one based on interpolated climate data (WorldClim) and one based on remotely sensed images (MODIS). The pixel size for both environmental datasets was 1km. Highly suitable areas occurred mainly along the warmer and humid coast extending northwards to central Benin. The northern hot and drier areas were found to be unsuitable. The models developed and tested on data from the entire country were generally found to perform well, having an AUC value greater than 0.92. Although statistically significant, only small differences in accuracy measures were found between the modelling algorithms, or between the environmental datasets. The resulting risk maps differed nonetheless. Models based on interpolated climate suggested gradual variations in habitat suitability, while those based on remotely sensed data indicated a sharper contrast between suitable and unsuitable areas, and a patchy distribution of the suitable areas. Remotely sensed data yielded more spatial detail in the predictions. When computing accuracy measures on a subset of data along the invasion front, the modelling technique Random Forest outperformed the other modelling approaches, and results with MODIS-derived variables were better than those using WorldClim data.The high environmental suitability for R. microplus in the southern half of Benin raises concern at the regional level for animal health, including its potential to substantially alter transmission risk of Babesia bovis. The northern part of Benin appeared overall of low environmental suitability. Continuous surveillance in the transition zone however remains relevant, in relation to important cattle movements in the region, and to the invasive character of R. microplus
Measurement of the CKM angle γ from a combination of B±→Dh± analyses

AbstractA combination of three LHCb measurements of the CKM angle γ is presented. The decays B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± are used, where D denotes an admixture of D0 and D¯0 mesons, decaying into K+K−, π+π−, K±π∓, K±π∓π±π∓, KS0π+π−, or KS0K+K− final states. All measurements use a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. Combining results from B±→DK± decays alone a best-fit value of γ=72.0° is found, and confidence intervals are setγ∈[56.4,86.7]°at 68% CL,γ∈[42.6,99.6]°at 95% CL. The best-fit value of γ found from a combination of results from B±→Dπ± decays alone, is γ=18.9°, and the confidence intervalsγ∈[7.4,99.2]°∪[167.9,176.4]°at 68% CL are set, without constraint at 95% CL. The combination of results from B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± decays gives a best-fit value of γ=72.6° and the confidence intervalsγ∈[55.4,82.3]°at 68% CL,γ∈[40.2,92.7]°at 95% CL are set. All values are expressed modulo 180°, and are obtained taking into account the effect of D0–D¯0 mixing
Thermodynamic product formula for Hořava–Lifshitz black hole

AbstractWe examine the thermodynamic properties of inner and outer horizons in the background of Hořava–Lifshitz black hole. We compute the horizon radii product, the surface area product, the entropy product, the surface temperature product, the Komar energy product and the specific heat product for both the horizons. We show that surface area product, entropy product and irreducible mass product are universal (mass-independent) quantities, whereas the surface temperature product, Komar energy product and specific heat product are not universal quantities because they all depend on mass parameter. We further study the stability of such black hole by computing the specific heat for both the horizons. It has been observed that under certain condition the black hole possesses second order phase transition
QCD corrections to W+W− production through gluon fusion

AbstractWe compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the gg→W+W−→l1+ν1l2−ν¯2 process, mediated by a massless quark loop, at the LHC. This process first contributes to the hadroproduction of W+W− at O(αs2), but, nevertheless, has a sizable impact on the total production rate. We find that the NLO QCD corrections to the gg→W+W− process amount to O(50)%, and increase the NNLO QCD cross sections of pp→W+W− by approximately two percent, at both the 8 TeV and 13 TeV LHC. We also compute the NLO corrections to gluonic W+W− production within a fiducial volume used by the ATLAS Collaboration in their 8 TeV measurement of the W+W− production rate and find that the QCD corrections are significantly smaller than in the inclusive case. While the current experimental uncertainties are still too large to make these differences relevant, the observed strong dependence of perturbative corrections on kinematic cuts underscores that extrapolation from a fiducial measurement to the total cross section is an extremely delicate matter, and calls for the direct comparison of fiducial volume measurements with corresponding theoretical computations
Scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs production in association with a top–antitop pair

AbstractWe present the calculation of scalar and pseudoscalar Higgs production in association with a top–antitop pair to the next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in QCD, interfaced with parton showers according to the MC@NLO formalism. We apply our results to the cases of light and very light Higgs boson production at the LHC, giving results for total rates as well as for sample differential distributions, relevant to the Higgs, to the top quarks, and to their decay products. This work constitutes the first phenomenological application of aMC@NLO, a fully automated approach to complete event generation at NLO in QCD
The Baum–Connes conjecture for free orthogonal quantum groups

AbstractWe prove an analogue of the Baum–Connes conjecture for free orthogonal quantum groups. More precisely, we show that these quantum groups have a γ-element and that γ=1. It follows that free orthogonal quantum groups are K-amenable. We compute explicitly their K-theory and deduce in the unimodular case that the corresponding reduced C⁎-algebras do not contain nontrivial idempotents.Our approach is based on the reformulation of the Baum–Connes conjecture by Meyer and Nest using the language of triangulated categories. An important ingredient is the theory of monoidal equivalence of compact quantum groups developed by Bichon, De Rijdt and Vaes. This allows us to study the problem in terms of the quantum group SUq(2). The crucial part of the argument is a detailed analysis of the equivariant Kasparov theory of the standard Podleś sphere
Inhomogeneous theory of dual Diophantine approximation on manifolds

AbstractThe theory of inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation on manifolds is developed. In particular, the notion of nice manifolds is introduced and the divergence part of the Groshev type theory is established for all such manifolds. Our results naturally incorporate and generalize the homogeneous measure and dimension theorems for non-degenerate manifolds established to date. The results have natural applications beyond the standard inhomogeneous theory such as Diophantine approximation by algebraic integers
Mycobacterial P1-Type ATPases Mediate Resistance to Zinc Poisoning in Human Macrophages

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis thrives within macrophages by residing in phagosomes and preventing them from maturing and fusing with lysosomes. A parallel transcriptional survey of intracellular mycobacteria and their host macrophages revealed signatures of heavy metal poisoning. In particular, mycobacterial genes encoding heavy metal efflux P-type ATPases CtpC, CtpG, and CtpV, and host cell metallothioneins and zinc exporter ZnT1, were induced during infection. Consistent with this pattern of gene modulation, we observed a burst of free zinc inside macrophages, and intraphagosomal zinc accumulation within a few hours postinfection. Zinc exposure led to rapid CtpC induction, and ctpC deficiency caused zinc retention within the mycobacterial cytoplasm, leading to impaired intracellular growth of the bacilli. Thus, the use of P1-type ATPases represents a M. tuberculosis strategy to neutralize the toxic effects of zinc in macrophages. We propose that heavy metal toxicity and its counteraction might represent yet another chapter in the host-microbe arms race
Disability related to road traffic crashes among adults in Spain

AbstractBackgroundRoad traffic accidents cause substantial morbidity and disease burden; few studies have examined their impact on disability.ObjectiveTo estimate the magnitude and distribution of disability due to road traffic accidents according to socio-demographic variables, and its main socioeconomic and health determinants.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in community-dwelling participants in the “2008 Spanish National Disability Survey”, a representative sample of 91,846 households with 20,425 disabled persons older than 15 years; 443 had disability due to road traffic accidents.ResultsThe prevalence was 2.1 per 1000 inhabitants (95% CI:1.8-2.3), with no differences by sex. Risk was highest among persons aged 31 to 64 years, and onset of disability showed a sharp inflection point at age 16 years in both sexes. Odds ratios (ORs) were higher (OR=1.3; 95% CI:1.1- 1.7) for participants with secondary education than for those with the lowest educational levels and were lower (OR: 0.5; 95% CI:0.3-0.8) for participants with the highest household income levels than for those with lowest. Only 24% of disabled participants were gainfully employed. As compared to other sources of disability, traffic crashes caused greater disability in terms of mobility (OR=3.1;p<0.001), a greater need for health/social services (OR=1.5;p=0.003), and more problems with private transportation (OR=1.6;p<0.001), moving around outside the home (OR=1.6;p<0.001) and changes in economic activity (OR=2.4;p<0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of disability due to road traffic accidents in Spain is lower than in other developed countries, with middle-aged and socio-economically underprivileged persons being the most affected. Disability due to road traffic accidents is related to a greater demand for social/health care support, problems of accessibility/commuting, and major changes in economic activity
Range corrections to doublet S-wave neutron–deuteron scattering

AbstractWe calculate the range corrections to S-wave neutron–deuteron scattering in the doublet channel (S=1/2) to first order in r/a where a is the scattering length and r the effective range. Ultraviolet divergences appearing at this order can be absorbed into a redefinition of the leading order three-body force. The corrections to the elastic scattering amplitude below the deuteron breakup threshold are computed. Inclusion of the range corrections gives good agreement with measured scattering data and potential model calculations
Diquarks and antiquarks in exotics: A ménage à trois and a ménage à quatre

AbstractA ménage à trois is very different from an ordinary family. Similarly, exotic hadrons with both qq and qq¯ pairs have important color-space correlations that are completely absent in ordinary mesons and baryons. The presence of both types of pairs requires attention to the basic QCD physics that the qq¯ interaction is much stronger than the qq interaction. This new physics in multiquark systems produces color structures totally different from those of normal hadrons, for example the ud system is utterly unlike the ud diquark in the uds Λ baryon. The color-space correlations produce unusual experimental properties in tetraquarks with heavy quark pairs which may be relevant for newly discovered mesons like the X(3872) resonance. Tetraquark masses can be below the two-meson threshold for sufficiently high quark masses. A simple model calculation shows the bqb¯u¯ and bqc¯q¯ tetraquarks below the BB¯ and BD¯ thresholds. Some of these states have exotic electric charge and their decays might have striking signatures involving monoenergetic photons and/or pions
Probing quantum gravity using photons from a flare of the active galactic nucleus Markarian 501 observed by the MAGIC telescope

AbstractWe analyze the timing of photons observed by the MAGIC telescope during a flare of the active galactic nucleus Mkn 501 for a possible correlation with energy, as suggested by some models of quantum gravity (QG), which predict a vacuum refractive index ≃1+(E/MQGn)n, n=1,2. Parametrizing the delay between γ-rays of different energies as Δt=±τlE or Δt=±τqE2, we find τl=(0.030±0.012) s/GeV at the 2.5-σ level, and τq=(3.71±2.57)×10−6 s/GeV2, respectively. We use these results to establish lower limits MQG1>0.21×1018 GeV and MQG2>0.26×1011 GeV at the 95% C.L. Monte Carlo studies confirm the MAGIC sensitivity to propagation effects at these levels. Thermal plasma effects in the source are negligible, but we cannot exclude the importance of some other source effect
Detection of source inhomogeneity through event-by-event two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations

AbstractWe develop a method for detecting the inhomogeneity of the pion-emitting sources produced in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, through event-by-event two-pion Bose–Einstein correlations. The root-mean-square of the error-inverse-weighted fluctuations between the two-pion correlation functions of single and mixed events are useful observables for the detection. By investigating the root-mean-square of the weighted fluctuations for different impact parameter regions people may hopefully determine the inhomogeneity of the particle-emitting in the coming Large Hadron Collider (LHC) heavy ion experiments
BPS Skyrmions as neutron stars

AbstractThe BPS Skyrme model has been demonstrated already to provide a physically intriguing and quantitatively reliable description of nuclear matter. Indeed, the model has both the symmetries and the energy–momentum tensor of a perfect fluid, and thus represents a field theoretic realization of the “liquid droplet” model of nuclear matter. In addition, the classical soliton solutions together with some obvious corrections (spin–isospin quantization, Coulomb energy, proton–neutron mass difference) provide an accurate modeling of nuclear binding energies for heavier nuclei. These results lead to the rather natural proposal to try to describe also neutron stars by the BPS Skyrme model coupled to gravity. We find that the resulting self-gravitating BPS Skyrmions provide excellent results as well as some new perspectives for the description of bulk properties of neutron stars when the parameter values of the model are extracted from nuclear physics. Specifically, the maximum possible mass of a neutron star before black-hole formation sets in is a few solar masses, the precise value of which depends on the precise values of the model parameters, and the resulting neutron star radius is of the order of 10 km
Search for the production of single vector-like and excited quarks in the Wt final state in pp collisions at √s =TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for vector-like quarks and excited quarks in events containing a top quark and a W boson in the final state is reported here. The search is based on 20.3 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data taken at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with one or two leptons, and one, two or three jets are selected with the additional requirement that at least one jet contains a b-quark. Single-lepton events are also required to contain at least one large-radius jet from the hadronic decay of a high-pTW boson or a top quark. No significant excess over the expected background is observed and upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for different vector-like quark and excited-quark model masses are derived. For the excited-quark production and decay to Wt with unit couplings, quarks with masses below 1500 GeV are excluded and coupling-dependent limits are set.United States. Dept. of EnergyBrookhaven National LaboratoryNational Science Foundation (U.S.
PdBI Cold dust imaging of two extremely red H-[4.5] > 4 galaxies discovered with SEDS and CANDELS

K. I. Caputi, et al., ???PdBI COLD DUST IMAGING OF TWO EXTREMELY RED H ??? [4.5] > 4 GALAXIES DISCOVERED WITH SEDS AND CANDELS???, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 788(2), May 2014. ?? 2014. The American Astronomical Society.We report Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) 1.1 mm continuum imaging toward two extremely red H-[4.5] > 4 (AB) galaxies at z > 3, which we have previously discovered making use of Spitzer SEDS and Hubble Space Telescope CANDELS ultra-deep images of the Ultra Deep Survey field. One of our objects is detected on the PdBI map with a 4.3?? significance, corresponding to . By combining this detection with the Spitzer 8 and 24 ??m photometry for this source, and SCUBA2 flux density upper limits, we infer that this galaxy is a composite active galactic nucleus/star-forming system. The infrared (IR)-derived star formation rate is SFR ??? 200 ?? 100 M yr-1, which implies that this galaxy is a higher-redshift analogue of the ordinary ultra-luminous infrared galaxies more commonly found at z ??? 2-3. In the field of the other target, we find a tentative 3.1?? detection on the PdBI 1.1 mm map, but 3.7 arcsec away of our target position, so it likely corresponds to a different object. In spite of the lower significance, the PdBI detection is supported by a close SCUBA2 3.3?? detection. No counterpart is found on either the deep SEDS or CANDELS maps, so, if real, the PdBI source could be similar in nature to the submillimeter source GN10. We conclude that the analysis of ultra-deep near- and mid-IR images offers an efficient, alternative route to discover new sites of powerful star formation activity at high redshifts
Human capital and entrepreneurial success : a meta-analytical review

The study meta-analytically integrates results from three decades of human capital research in entrepreneurship. Based on 70 independent samples (N = 24,733), we found a significant but small relationship between human capital and success (r(c) = .098). We examined theoretically derived moderators of this relationship referring to conceptualizations of human capital, to context, and to measurement of success. The relationship was higher for outcomes of human capital investments (knowledge/skills) than for human capital investments (education/experience), for human capital with high task-relatedness compared to low task-relatedness, for young businesses compared to old businesses, and for the dependent variable size compared to growth or profitability. Findings are relevant for practitioners (lenders, policy makers, educators) and for future research. Our findings show that future research should pursue moderator approaches to study the effects of human capital on success. Further, human capital is most important if it is task-related and if it consists of outcomes of human capital investments rather than human capital investments; this suggests that research should overcome a static view of human capital and should rather investigate the processes of learning, knowledge acquisition, and the transfer of knowledge to entrepreneurial tasks
Determination of the charm-quark mass in the MS-bar scheme using charm
  production data from deep inelastic scattering at HERA

We determine the charm-quark mass mc(mc) in the MS-bar scheme using
measurements of charm production in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA in the
kinematic range of photon virtuality from 5 to 1000 GeV squared and Bjorken
scaling variable from 0.0001 to 0.5. The extraction of charm quark mass from
this process with space-like kinematics provides complementary information to
results from hadronic processes. The QCD analysis of the HERA data yields a
value of mc(mc) of 1.27 plus minus 0.05(exp) plus 0.06 minus 0.01(scale) GeV at
next-to-leading order and mc(mc) of 1.36 plus minus 0.04(exp) plus 0.04 minus
0.00 (scale) plus minus 0.1(theory) GeV at approximate next-to-next-to-leading
order. The results are consistent with and of comparable precision as the world
average