pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Primary processes: from atoms to diatomic molecules and clusters

International audienceThis article presents a short review of the main progresses achieved at the GANIL facilities during the last thirty years in the field of ion-atom and ion-diatomic molecule collisions. Thanks to the wide range of projectile energies and species available on the different beam lines of the facility, elementary processes such as electron capture, ionization and excitation have been extensively studied. Beside primary collision mechanisms, the relaxation processes of the collision partners after the collision have been another specific source of interest. Progresses on other fundamental processes such as Young type interferences induced by ion-molecule collisions or shake off ionization resulting from nuclear beta decay are also presented. 1. Introduction For the electronic structures of atoms and molecules, precise theoretical knowledge and high-resolution experimental data are available. But the complete understanding of dynamic processes in atomic collisions remains a challenge, due to large theoretical problems in describing time-dependent many-particle reactions, and to experimental difficulties in performing complete experiments in which all relevant quantities are accessible. Elementary collisions involving ions, atoms and molecules play an important role in many gaseous and plasma environments, where they provide both the heating and cooling mechanisms. The study of such collisions is thus not only of fundamental importance, it is also essential for the understanding of large-scale systems such as astrophysical plasmas, planetary atmospheres, gas discharge lasers, semiconductor processing plasmas, and fusion plasmas. Collisions between ions and atoms (or simple molecules) give also access to the elementary processes responsible for energy transfer in ion-matter and ion-biological molecule collisions. Complete knowledge of these elementary processes is thus of primordial importance for ion induced modification of materials as well as for radiolysis, radiotherapy and biological damages due to radiation exposure
Modeling with uncertainties: the role of the fission barrier

International audienceFission is the dominant decay channel of super-heavy elements formed in heavy ions collisions. The probability of synthesizing heavy or super-heavy nuclei in fusion-evaporation reactions is then very sensitive to the height of their fission barriers. This contribution will firstly address the influence of theoretical uncertainty on excitation functions. Our second aim is to investigate the inverse problem, i.e., what information about the fission barriers can be extracted from excitation functions? For this purpose, Bayesian methods have been used with a simplified toy model
Explosive eruptions from the interaction of magmatic and hydrothermal systems during flank extension: the Bellecombe Tephra of Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion Island)

International audiencePiton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island) is a very active, primarily effusive ocean-island volcano. The Bellecombe Tephra represents at least three explosive eruptions that occurred between about 5465 and 2971 calendar years BP. Near the margin of the present-day Enclos Fouqué caldera margin, two Bellecombe eruptions produced a sequence of two tuff breccias interbedded with tuff. The tuff breccias only reach a few hundred meters outside the current caldera margin. At Petite Carrière, an old scoria cone ~1 km from the Enclos Fouqué margin, these two deposits (the Blower Bellecombe Tephra^) are represented by two tuffs with incipient soil formation at the top of each. They are overlain by a third unit (the upper Bellecombe Tephra) made of bedded lapilli tuff and tuff, some reworked in small debris flows off the scoria cone. The lapilli increase in size and the beds in thickness southeastward, toward Chisny volcano and away from the Enclos Fouqué caldera. Deposits from the upper Bellecombe tephra are correlated to sites 5 km northwest of Petite Carrière and 6 km north of a postulated vent location on the north side of Chisny volcano. Distribution patterns of all Bellecombe tephra are consistent with eruption columns that did not rise above 8 km asl. The ash fraction of the Bellecombe Tephra contains three juvenile components: a dominant gray vitric basaltic ash, an oceanitic (olivine-rich basalt) ash, and pyroxene-bearing gabbro with a few percent glass. It also contains doubly terminated clear quartz grains, and olivine and rarer clinopyroxene crystals. The lower Bellecombe Tephra contains an altered brown ash, whereas a tan-yellow clay-rich ash is common in the upper unit. Lava flows of gray aphyric basalt and oceanite are exposed at the surface and preceded the Bellecombe eruptions, but the gab-bro, quartz crystals, and hydrothermally altered grains indicate the involvement of the magma/hydrothermal system from 0.5-to 2-km depth. We propose that the three eruptions of the Bellecombe tephra were preceded by voluminous eruptions of lava flows that led to seaward-sliding mass movement of the volcano. This opened fractures that explosively depressurized the hydrothermal system and incorporated magma and gabbro, from the magma system and probably from rock along the fissure, in the ejecta. This model is consistent with the small erupted volume (150 Mm 3 for the lower two combined and about the same for the upper tephra) and presence of components from a variety of depths. If the eruption had excavated downward, more surficial components would be expected. Instead, the fissures allowed material from many depths to erupt simultaneously. Similar eruptions may occur after voluminous eruptions and/or when lateral seaward sliding of the volcano occurs
A Convenient Solution to Geometric Distortion and Its Application to Phoebe's Observations

International audienceA simple but effective approach is proposed for measuring the geometric distortion of a CCD field of view of a ground-based telescope. For three open clusters (M35, M67, and NGC 2324), 425 CCD frames taken by a 1 m telescope at the Yunnan Observatory are used to test this approach. It is found that the geometric distortion pattern depends strongly on the corresponding filter used. The geometric distortion is then used to correct the pixel positions for Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn, and its reference stars imaged in 220 CCD frames taken by the same telescope. The standard deviation of the (O - C; observed minus computed) residuals of Phoebe is significantly improved after correcting the geometric distortions
Comparison of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon yields and fluxes in the watersheds of tropical volcanic islands, examples from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

International audienceOrganic matter is an important factor that cannot be neglected when considering global carbon cycle. New data including organic matter geochemistry at the small watershed scale are needed to elaborate more constrained carbon cycle and climatic models. The objectives are to estimate the DOC and DIC fluxes exported from small tropical watersheds and to give strong constraints on the carbon hydrodynamic of these systems. To answer these questions, we have studied the geochemistry of eleven small watersheds around Basse-Terre volcanic Island in the French West Indies during different hydrological regimes from 2006 to 2008 (i.e. low water level versus floods). We propose a complete set of carbon measurements, including DOC and DIC concentrations, δ13C data, and less commonly, some spectroscopic indicators of the nature of the organic matter. The DOC/DIC ratio varies between 0.07 and 0.30 in low water level and between 0.25 and 1.97 during floods, indicating that organic matter is mainly exported during flood events. On the light of the isotopic composition of DOC, ranging from -32.8 to -26.2 ‰ during low water level and from -30.1 to -27.2 ‰ during floods, we demonstrate that export of organic carbon is mainly controlled by perennial saprolite groundwaters, except for flood events during which rivers are also strongly influenced by soil erosion. The mean annual yields ranged from 2.5 to 5.7 t km-2 yr-1 for the DOC and from 4.8 to 19.6 t km-2 yr-1 for the DIC and exhibit a non-linear relationship with slopes of watersheds. The flash floods explain around 60% of the annual DOC flux and between 25 and 45% of the DIC flux, highlighting the important role of these extreme meteorological events on global carbon export in small tropical volcanic islands. From a carbon mass balance point of view the exports of dissolved carbon from small volcanic islands are important and should be included in global organic carbon budgets
Middle Carboniferous crustal melting in the Variscan Belt: New insights from U-Th-Pbtot. monazite and U-Pb zircon ages of the Montagne Noire Axial Zone (southern French Massif Central)

International audienceIn France, the Devonian-Carboniferous Variscan orogeny developed at the expense of continental crust belonging to the northern margin of Gondwana. A Visean-Serpukhovian crustal melting has been recently documented in several massifs. However, in the Montagne Noire of the Variscan French Massif Central, which is the largest area involved in this partial melting episode, the age of migmatization was not clearly settled. Eleven U-Th-Pbtot. ages on monazite and three U-Pb ages on associated zircon are reported from migmatites (La Salvetat, Ourtigas), anatectic granitoids (Laouzas, Montalet) and post-migmatitic granites (Anglès, Vialais, Soulié) from the Montagne Noire Axial Zone are presented here for the first time. Migmatization and emplacement of anatectic granitoids took place around 333-326Ma (Visean) and late granitoids emplaced around 325-318Ma (Serpukhovian). Inherited zircons and monazite date the orthogneiss source rock of the Late Visean melts between 560Ma and 480Ma. In migmatites and anatectic granites, inherited crystals dominate the zircon populations. The migmatitization is the middle crust expression of a pervasive Visean crustal melting event also represented by the "Tufs anthracifères" volcanism in the northern Massif Central. This crustal melting is widespread in the French Variscan belt, though it is restricted to the upper plate of the collision belt. A mantle input appears as a likely mechanism to release the heat necessary to trigger the melting of the Variscan middle crust at a continental scale
The geochemistry of gem opals as evidence of their origin

International audienceSeventy-seven gem opals from ten countries were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) through a dilution process, in order to establish the nature of the impurities. The results are correlated to the mode of formation and physical properties and are instrumental in establishing the geographical origin of a gem opal. The geochemistry of an opal is shown to be dependant mostly on the host rock, at least for examples from Mexico and Brazil, even if modified by weathering processes. In order of decreasing concentration, the main impurities present are Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Mg (more than 500 ppm). Other noticeable elements in lesser amounts are Ba, followed by Zr, Sr, Rb, U, and Pb. For the first time, geochemistry helps to discriminate some varieties of opals. The Ba content, as well as the chondritenormalized REE pattern, are the keys to separating sedimentary opals (BaN110 ppm, Eu and Ce anomalies) from volcanic opals (Bab110 ppm, no Eu or Ce anomaly). The Ca content, and to a lesser extent that of Mg, Al, K and Nb, helps to distinguish gem opals from different volcanic environments. The limited range of concentrations for all elements in precious (play-of-color) compared to common opals, indicates that this variety must have very specific, or more restricted, conditions of formation. We tentatively interpreted the presence of impurities in terms of crystallochemistry, even if opal is a poorly crystallized or amorphous material. The main replacement is the substitution of Si4+ by Al3+ and Fe3+. The induced charge imbalance is compensated chiefly by Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, K+, and Na+. In terms of origin of color, greater concentrations of iron induce darker colors (from yellow to "chocolate brown"). This element inhibits luminescence for concentrations above 1000 ppm, whereas already a low content in U (=1 ppm) induces a green luminescence
Numerical study of the generalised Klein-Gordon equations

24 pages, 10 figures, 56 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/International audienceIn this study, we discuss an approximate set of equations describing water wave propagating in deep water. These generalized Klein-Gordon (gKG) equations possess a variational formulation, as well as a canonical Hamiltonian and multi-symplectic structures. Periodic travelling wave solutions are constructed numerically to high accuracy and compared to a seventh-order Stokes expansion of the full Euler equations. Then, we propose an efficient pseudo-spectral discretisation, which allows to assess the stability of travelling waves and localised wave packets
Nutritional value, bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of three edible mushrooms from Poland

Mushrooms contain a multitude of biomolecules with nutritional and/or biological
activity. Among the bioactive molecules, phenolic compounds and tocopherols are the
most responsible for their antioxidant activity. In the present work, Boletus edulis,
Lentinus edodes and Xerocomus badius, three edible mushroom species originated from
Poland, were analyzed for their chemical composition and antioxidant activity.
Carbohydrates were the most abundant macronutrients, followed by proteins and ash.
Fructose, mannitol and trehalose were the prevalent sugars, but glucose was only found
in B. edulis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated over mono and saturated fatty
acids. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were abundant in the three samples. α- and β-
Tocopherols were quantified in all the samples, but γ-tocopherol was only identified in
X. badius. Oxalic and fumaric acids were quantified in the three samples; quinic acid
was only present in L. edodes, and malic and citric acids were only found in X. badius.
p-Hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic and cinnamic acids were quantified in all the species,
while p-coumaric acid was only found in B. edulis. This species and X. badius revealed
the highest antioxidant properties, being B. edulis more effective in radicals scavenging
activity and reducing power, and X. badius in lipid peroxidation inhibition, which is
related with the highest amounts in phenolic compounds and tocopherols, respectively.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for 
financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011), S.A. Heleno 
grant (BD/70304/2010)
SIGS: Synthetic Imagery Generating Software for the development and evaluation of vision-based sense-and-avoid systems

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have recently become a versatile platform for many civilian applications including inspection, surveillance and mapping. Sense-and-Avoid systems are essential for the autonomous safe operation of these systems in non-segregated airspaces. Vision-based Sense-and-Avoid systems are preferred to other alternatives as their price, physical dimensions and weight are more suitable for small and medium-sized UASs, but obtaining real flight imagery of potential collision scenarios is hard and dangerous, which complicates the development of Vision-based detection and tracking algorithms. For this purpose, user-friendly software for synthetic imagery generation has been developed, allowing to blend user-defined flight imagery of a simulated aircraft with real flight scenario images to produce realistic images with ground truth annotations. These are extremely useful for the development and benchmarking of Vision-based detection and tracking algorithms at a much lower cost and risk. An image processing algorithm has also been developed for automatic detection of the occlusions caused by certain parts of the UAV which carries the camera. The detected occlusions can later be used by our software to simulate the occlusions due to the UAV that would appear in a real flight with the same camera setup. Additionally this algorithm could be used to mask out pixels which do not contain relevant information of the scene for the visual detection, making the image search process more efficient. Finally an application example of the imagery obtained with our software for the benchmarking of a state-of-art visual tracker is presented
Geostatistical Study of the Rural Property Market Applicable to the Region of Murcia (Spain)

Spatial Analysis has been used since the early 1990’s for rural cadastral models. Nowadays, it is necessary to use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Cartography as well as dedicated software in order to solve problems in Cadastral Models. Among these models, the selection and prioritization of the parameters affecting the rural property valuation assets, as well as the zoning optimization (homogeneous sectors) within a community, are one of the biggest concerns for Cadastral Agencies. This research is focused on rural property in the Region of Murcia, in accordance with data recorded from 2007 to 2009. The techniques used for the spatial zoning were carried out by means of IDW (Inverse Distance Weighting) and kriging interpolators as they are the most widely used in spatial variation analysis studies. Although both interpolators produced similar results, IDW was better for predicting variation in “Unit Prices”. Afterwards, a statistical study was later completed using ANOVA, Chi-Squared and Correspondence Analysis procedures. The research results demonstrate the consistency of the parameters that have been used in the Cadastral Agencies, and the degree of involvement of these parameters in assessing the results of unit prices for different areas. These results are secured by the verification techniques applied
Control of a DC motor using algebraic derivative estimation with real time experiments

This paper presents an experimental control scheme for DC motors which combines an overlapping implementation of the algebraic derivative estimation method and a disturbance estimator based on the aforementioned algebraic derivative method. The methodology only requires the measurement of the angular position of the motor and the voltage input to the motor. The main advantages of the proposed approach are: it is independent of the motor’s initial conditions, the methodology is robust to Coulomb friction effects, it does not require any statistical knowledge of the noises that corrupt the data, the derivative estimation process does not require initial conditions or dependence between the system input and output, and the algorithm is computed on-line and in real time. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been verified by means of computer simulations and it has also been experimentally implemented on a laboratory prototype with excellent results in both, stabilization and trajectory tracking tasks
Classification of index partitions to boost XML query performance

XML query optimization continues to occupy considerable\ud
research effort due to the increasing usage of XML data. Despite many innovations over recent years, XML databases struggle to compete with more traditional database systems. Rather than using node indexes, some efforts have begun to focus on creating partitions of nodes within indexes. The motivation is to quickly eliminate large sections of the XML tree based on the partition they occupy. In this research, we present one such partition index that is unlike current approaches in how it determines size and number of these partitions. Furthermore, we provide a process for compacting the index and reducing the number of node access operations in order to optimize XML queries
An approach to evaluating software process adaptation

Process maturity reference frameworks such as ISO/IEC 15504 and the Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) seek to assist software process improvement (SPI) efforts by prescribing a roadmap for improving the capability of the development process. However, such frameworks are not widely adopted in the practice [1], [2], especially in smaller software development organisations where the development process is often modified based on business events [3]. Such modification of the development process represents an attempt to harmonise the process with the changing needs of the business, which is a dynamic capability. Dynamic capabilities refer to the ability of businesses to adapt to changing circumstances and according to the evolutionary theory of the firm [4], organisations that possess greater dynamic capability are more successful. This paper introduces dynamic SPI capability - the ability to adapt the software process relative to changing situational circumstances – as a method for evaluating software process adaptation
Selective area growth and characterization of InGaN nano-disks implemented in GaN nanocolumns with different top morphologies

This work reports on the morphology control of the selective area growth of GaN-based nanostructures on c-plane GaN templates. By decreasing the substrate temperature, the nanostructures morphology changes from pyramidal islands (no vertical m-planes), to GaN nanocolumns with top semipolar r-planes, and further to GaN nanocolumns with top polar c-planes. When growing InGaN nano-disks embedded into the GaN nanocolumns, the different morphologies mentioned lead to different optical properties, due to the semi-polar and polar nature of the r-planes and c-planes involved. These differences are assessed by photoluminescence measurements at low temperature and correlated to the specific nano-disk geometry
Rethinking the Liquidity Puzzle: Application of a New Measure of the Economic Money Stock

Historically, attempts to solve the liquidity puzzle have focused on narrowly defined monetary aggregates, such as non-borrowed reserves, the monetary base, or M1. Many of these efforts have failed to find a short-term negative correlation between interest rates and monetary policy innovations. More recent research uses sophisticated macroeconomic and econometric modeling. However, little research has investigated the role measurement error plays in the liquidity puzzle, since in nearly every case, work investigating the liquidity puzzle has used one of the official monetary aggregates, which have been shown to exhibit significant measurement error. This paper examines the role that measurement error plays in the liquidity puzzle by (i) providing a theoretical framework explaining how the official simple-sum methodology can lead to a liquidity puzzle, and (ii) testing for the liquidity effect by estimating an unrestricted VAR.
The effect of globalization on capital taxation: What have we learned after 20 years of empirical studies?

Abstract: This paper applies meta- regression analysis to the empirical literature that examines the impact of international market integration on capital taxation. The main objective is to explore whether particular data, model specification and estimation procedures exert systematic impact on the reported findings. Our results provide empirical evidence that differences across studies can be attributed to differences in the measurement of globalization. Moreover, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, study characteristics related to the measurement of the tax burden on capital appear to have an insignificant effect on the above mentioned relationship. Finally the meta- analysis fails to confirm a negative effect of globalization on the taxation of capital.