pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
N49: the first robust discovery of a recombining plasma in an extra
  galactic supernova remnant

Recent discoveries of recombining plasmas (RPs) in supernova remnants (SNRs)
have dramatically changed our understanding of SNR evolution. To date, a dozen
of RP SNRs have been identified in the Galaxy. Here we present Suzaku deep
observations of four SNRs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), N49, N49B, N23,
and DEM L71, for accurate determination of their plasma state. Our uniform
analysis reveals that only N49 is in the recombining state among them, which is
the first robust discovery of a RP from an extra-galactic SNR. Given that RPs
have been identified only in core-collapse SNRs, our result strongly suggests a
massive star origin of this SNR. On the other hand, no clear evidence for a RP
is confirmed in N23, from which detection of recombination lines and continua
was previously claimed. Comparing the physical properties of the RP SNRs
identified so far, we find that all of them are categorized into the
"mixed-morphology" class and interacting with surrounding molecular clouds.
This might be a key to solve formation mechanisms of the RPs.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
Neutrino transition magnetic moments within the non-standard
  neutrino-nucleus interactions

Tensorial non-standard neutrino interactions are studied through a combined
analysis of nuclear structure calculations and a sensitivity $\chi^2$-type of
neutrino events expected to be measured at the COHERENT experiment, recently
planned to operate at the Spallation Neutron Source (Oak Ridge). Potential
sizeable predictions on transition neutrino magnetic moments and other
electromagnetic parameters, such as neutrino milli-charges, are also addressed.
The non-standard neutrino-nucleus processes, explored from nuclear physics
perspectives within the context of quasi-particle random phase approximation,
are exploited in order to estimate the expected number of events originating
from vector and tensor exotic interactions for the case of reactor neutrinos,
studied with TEXONO and GEMMA neutrino detectors.Comment: 7 pages, 6 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted for publication to Physics
  Letters
Exact results for corner contributions to the entanglement entropy and
  Renyi entropies of free bosons and fermions in 3d

In the presence of a sharp corner in the boundary of the entanglement region,
the entanglement entropy (EE) and Renyi entropies for 3d CFTs have a
logarithmic term whose coefficient, the corner function, is scheme-independent.
In the limit where the corner becomes smooth, the corner function vanishes
quadratically with coefficient $\sigma$ for the EE and $\sigma_n$ for the Renyi
entropies. For a free real scalar and a free Dirac fermion, we evaluate
analytically the integral expressions of Casini, Huerta, and Leitao to derive
exact results for $\sigma$ and $\sigma_n$ for all $n=2,3,\dots$. The results
for $\sigma$ agree with a recent universality conjecture of Bueno, Myers, and
Witczak-Krempa that $\sigma/C_T = \pi^2/24$ in all 3d CFTs, where $C_T$ is the
central charge. For the Renyi entropies, the ratios $\sigma_n/C_T$ do not
indicate similar universality. However, in the limit $n \to \infty$, the
asymptotic values satisfy a simple relationship and equal $1/(4\pi^2)$ times
the asymptotic values of the free energy of free scalars/fermions on the
$n$-covered 3-sphere.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures. v2: typos corrected, references added,
  asymptotics update
Simple variables for AdS$_5 \times S^5$ superspace

We introduce simple variables for describing the AdS$_5\times S^5$
superspace, i. e. $\frac{PSU(2,2|4)}{SO(4,1)\times SO(5)}$. The idea is to
embed the coset superspace into a space described by variables which are in
linear (ray) representations of the supergroup $PSU(2,2|4)$ by imposing certain
supersymmetric quadratic constraints (up to two overall U(1) factors). The
construction can be considered as a supersymmetric generalisation of the
elementary realisations of the $AdS_5$ and the $S^5$ spaces by the SO(4,2) and
SO(6) invariant quadratic constraints on two six-dimensional flat spaces.Comment: 8 pages;v2 corrected typographical errors above the formula (5);v3
  added comments at the end;v4 corrected typographical error
First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV
  Multi-Instrument Campaign

We report on simultaneous broadband observations of the TeV-emitting blazar
Markarian 501 between 1 April and 10 August 2013, including the first detailed
characterization of the synchrotron peak with Swift and NuSTAR. During the
campaign, the nearby BL Lac object was observed in both a quiescent and an
elevated state. The broadband campaign includes observations with NuSTAR,
MAGIC, VERITAS, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), Swift X-ray Telescope and
UV Optical Telescope, various ground-based optical instruments, including the
GASP-WEBT program, as well as radio observations by OVRO, Mets\"ahovi and the
F-Gamma consortium. Some of the MAGIC observations were affected by a sand
layer from the Saharan desert, and had to be corrected using event-by-event
corrections derived with a LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) facility. This
is the first time that LIDAR information is used to produce a physics result
with Cherenkov Telescope data taken during adverse atmospheric conditions, and
hence sets a precedent for the current and future ground-based gamma-ray
instruments. The NuSTAR instrument provides unprecedented sensitivity in hard
X-rays, showing the source to display a spectral energy distribution between 3
and 79 keV consistent with a log-parabolic spectrum and hard X-ray variability
on hour timescales. None (of the four extended NuSTAR observations) shows
evidence of the onset of inverse-Compton emission at hard X-ray energies. We
apply a single-zone equilibrium synchrotron self-Compton model to five
simultaneous broadband spectral energy distributions. We find that the
synchrotron self-Compton model can reproduce the observed broadband states
through a decrease in the magnetic field strength coinciding with an increase
in the luminosity and hardness of the relativistic leptons responsible for the
high-energy emission.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N : A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized low-mass companion

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 313014 (ETAEARTH). R.D. Haywood acknowledges support from an STFC postgraduate research studentshipWe characterize the planetary system Kepler-101 by performing a combined differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of Kepler data and forty radial velocities obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. This system was previously validated and is composed of a hot super-Neptune, Kepler-101b, and an Earth-sized planet, Kepler-101c. These two planets orbit the slightly evolved and metal-rich G-type star in 3.49 and 6.03 days, respectively. With mass Mp = 51.1-4.7+ 5.1 M⊕, radius Rp = 5.77-0.79+ 0.85 R⊕, and density ρp = 1.45-0.48+ 0.83 g cm-3, Kepler-101b is the first fully characterized super-Neptune, and its density suggests that heavy elements make up a significant fraction of its interior; more than 60% of its total mass. Kepler-101c has a radius of 1.25-0.17+ 0.19 R⊕, which implies the absence of any H/He envelope, but its mass could not be determined because of the relative faintness of the parent star for highly precise radial-velocity measurements (Kp = 13.8) and the limited number of radial velocities. The 1σ upper limit, Mp< 3.8 M⊕, excludes a pure iron composition with a probability of 68.3%. The architecture of the planetary system Kepler-101 − containing a close-in giant planet and an outer Earth-sized planet with a period ratio slightly larger than the 3:2 resonance − is certainly of interest for scenarios of planet formation and evolution. This system does not follow the previously reported trend that the larger planet has the longer period in the majority of Kepler systems of planet pairs with at least one Neptune-sized or larger planet.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Global sensitivity analysis of an end-to-end marine ecosystem model of the North Sea: Factors affecting the biomass of fish and benthos

Comprehensive analysis of parameter and driver sensitivity is key to establishing the credibility of models representing complex systems. This is especially so for models of natural systems where experimental manipulation of the real-world to provide controlled validation data is not possible. End-to-end ecosystem models (nutrients to birds and mammals) of marine ecosystems fall into this category with applications for evaluating the effects of climate change and fishing on nutrient fluxes and the abundances of flora and fauna. Here we present results of both ‘one-at-a-time’ (OAT) and variance based global sensitivity analyses (GSA) of the fish and fishery aspects of StrathE2E, an end-to-end ecosystem model of the North Sea. The sensitivity of the model was examined with respect to internal biological parameters, and external drivers related to climate and human activity. The OAT Morris method was first used to screen for factors most influential on model outputs. The Sobol GSA method was then used to calculate quantitative sensitivity indices. The results indicated that the fish and shellfish components of the model (demersal and pelagic fish, filter/deposit and scavenge/carnivore feeding benthos) were influenced by different sets of factors. Harvesting rates were highly influential on demersal and pelagic fish biomasses. Suspension/deposit feeding benthos were directly sensitive to changes in temperature, while the temperature acted indirectly on pelagic fish through the connectivity between model components of the food web. Biomass conversion efficiency was the most important factor for scavenge/carnivorous feeding benthos. The results indicate the primacy of fishing as the most important process affecting total fish biomass, together with varying responses to environmental factors which may be relevant in the context of climate change. The non-linear responses and parameter interactions identified by the analysis also highlight the necessity to use global rather than local methods for the sensitivity analysis of ecosystem models
Staying in the 'sweet spot': a resilience-based analysis of the lived experience of low-risk drinking and abstention among British youth

OBJECTIVE\ud
\ud
The aim of this study was to understand how and why young people drink less or not at all when with their peers. Understanding the subjective experiences of moderate or non-drinkers may help identify protective processes facilitating resilience to cultural norm and influences that encourage excessive alcohol consumption among young people.\ud
\ud
DESIGN\ud
\ud
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 moderate- or non-drinkers aged 17-25 years (13 young women) living in South East England. Interviews explored recent experiences of social situations and encounters that did or did not involve alcohol. Transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.\ud
\ud
RESULTS\ud
\ud
Analysis identified six conceptually coherent themes clustering within a superordinate theme of a healthy experience of moderate alcohol use or abstention: 'the sweet spot'. These themes were: feeling good in the body, feeling like you can be who you are, feeling like you belong, making a free choice, enjoying the moment, and feeling safe and secure.\ud
\ud
CONCLUSIONS\ud
\ud
This resilience-based analysis showed how non-drinking and moderate-drinking may be experienced as a positive and proactive choice. Understanding the subjective experiences of young people may aid development of specific, realistic interventions to promote moderate drinking and abstention among young people in drinking cultures
Embedded star formation in S^(4)G galaxy dust lanes

Star-forming regions that are visible at 3.6 μm and Hα but not in the u, g, r, i, z bands of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are measured in five nearby spiral galaxies to find extinctions averaging ~3.8 mag and stellar masses averaging ~5 × 10^4 M_☉. These regions are apparently young star complexes embedded in dark filamentary shock fronts connected with spiral arms. The associated cloud masses are ~10^7 M_☉. The conditions required to make such complexes are explored, including gravitational instabilities in spiral-shocked gas and compression of incident clouds. We find that instabilities are too slow for a complete collapse of the observed spiral filaments, but they could lead to star formation in the denser parts. Compression of incident clouds can produce a faster collapse but has difficulty explaining the semi-regular spacing of some regions along the arms. If gravitational instabilities are involved, then the condensations have the local Jeans mass. Also in this case, the near-simultaneous appearance of equally spaced complexes suggests that the dust lanes, and perhaps the arms too, are relatively young
Elastin aging and lipid oxidation products in human aorta.

Vascular aging is associated with structural and functional modifications of the arteries, and by an increase in arterial wall thickening in the intima and the media, mainly resulting from structural modifications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Among the factors known to accumulate with aging, advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) are a hallmark of oxidative stress-associated diseases such as atherosclerosis. Aldehydes generated from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein), form adducts on cellular proteins, leading to a progressive protein dysfunction with consequences in the pathophysiology of vascular aging. The contribution of these aldehydes to ECM modification is not known. This study was carried out to investigate whether aldehyde-adducts are detected in the intima and media in human aorta, whether their level is increased in vascular aging, and whether elastin fibers are a target of aldehyde-adduct formation. Immunohistological and confocal immunofluorescence studies indicate that 4-HNE-histidine-adducts accumulate in an age-related manner in the intima, media and adventitia layers of human aortas, and are mainly expressed in smooth muscle cells. In contrast, even if the structure of elastin fiber is strongly altered in the aged vessels, our results show that elastin is not or very poorly modified by 4-HNE. These data indicate a complex role for lipid peroxidation and in particular for 4-HNE in elastin homeostasis, in the vascular wall remodeling during aging and atherosclerosis development
Evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of τ leptons

A search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of tau leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV. Each tau lepton decays hadronically or leptonically to an electron or a muon, leading to six different final states for the tau-lepton pair, all considered in this analysis. An excess of events is observed over the expected background contributions, with a local significance larger than 3 standard deviations for m[H] values between 115 and 130 GeV. The best fit of the observed H to tau tau signal cross section for m[H] = 125 GeV is 0.78 +- 0.27 times the standard model expectation. These observations constitute evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons
Rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied inclusive J/ψ production at central and forward rapidities in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV. In this Letter, we report on the first results obtained detecting the J/ψ through the dilepton decay into e+e− and μ+μ− pairs in the rapidity ranges |y| &lt; 0.9 and 2.5 &lt; y &lt; 4, respectively, and with acceptance down to zero pT. In the dielectron channel the analysis was carried out on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity Lint = 5.6 nb−1 and the number of signal events is NJ/ψ = 352 ± 32 (stat.) ± 28 (syst.) ; the corresponding figures in the dimuon channel are Lint = 15.6 nb−1 and NJ/ψ = 1924 ± 77 (stat.) ± 144 (syst.). The measured production cross sections are σJ/ψ (|y| &lt; 0.9) = 10.7 ± 1.0 (stat.) ± 1.6 (syst.) +1.6 −2.3 (syst.pol.) μb and σJ/ψ (2.5 &lt; y &lt; 4) = 6.31 ± 0.25 (stat.)±0.76 (syst.) +0.95 −1.96 (syst.pol.) μb. The differential cross sections, in transverse momentum and rapidity, of the J/ψ were also measured
New reference tables and user-friendly Internet application for predicted heart weights

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of normal heart weight ranges is important information for pathologists. Comparing the measured heart weight to reference values is one of the key elements used to determine if the heart is pathological, as heart weight increases in many cardiac pathologies. The current reference tables are old and in need of an update.
AIMS: The purposes of this study are to establish new reference tables for normal heart weights in the local population and to determine the best predictive factor for normal heart weight. We also aim to provide technical support to calculate the predictive normal heart weight.
METHODS: The reference values are based on retrospective analysis of adult Caucasian autopsy cases without any obvious pathology that were collected at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 2007 to 2011. We selected 288 cases. The mean age was 39.2 years. There were 118 men and 170 women. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of heart weight to body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA).
RESULTS: The heart weight increased along with an increase in all the parameters studied. The mean heart weight was greater in men than in women at a similar body weight. BSA was determined to be the best predictor for normal heart weight. New reference tables for predicted heart weights are presented as a web application that enable the comparison of heart weights observed at autopsy with the reference values.
CONCLUSIONS: The reference tables for heart weight and other organs should be systematically updated and adapted for the local population. Web access and smartphone applications for the predicted heart weight represent important investigational tools
A search for inverse magnetic catalysis in thermal quark–meson models

We explore the parameter space of the two-flavor thermal quark–meson model and its Polyakov loop-extended version under the influence of a constant external magnetic field B . We investigate the behavior of the pseudo critical temperature for chiral symmetry breaking taking into account the likely dependence of two parameters on the magnetic field: the Yukawa quark–meson coupling and the parameter <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math> of the Polyakov loop potential. Under the constraints that magnetic catalysis is realized at zero temperature and the chiral transition at <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math> is a crossover, we find that the quark–meson model leads to thermal magnetic catalysis for the whole allowed parameter space, in contrast to the present picture stemming from lattice QCD
Isospin properties of electric dipole excitations in 48 Ca

Two different experimental approaches were combined to study the electric dipole strength in the doubly-magic nucleus 48 Ca below the neutron threshold. Real-photon scattering experiments using bremsstrahlung up to 9.9 MeV and nearly mono-energetic linearly polarized photons with energies between 6.6 and 9.51 MeV provided strength distribution and parities, and an <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> experiment at <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>136</mn><mspace width="0.25em"/><mtext>MeV</mtext></math> gave cross sections for an isoscalar probe. The unexpected difference observed in the dipole response is compared to calculations using the first-order random-phase approximation and points to an energy-dependent isospin character. A strong isoscalar state at 7.6 MeV was identified for the first time supporting a recent theoretical prediction
Scanning tunneling macroscopy, black holes and AdS/CFT bulk locality

We establish resolution bounds on reconstructing a bulk field from boundary data on a timelike hypersurface. If the bulk only supports propagating modes, reconstruction is complete. If the bulk also supports evanescent modes, local reconstruction is not achievable unless one has exponential precision in knowledge of the boundary data. Without exponential precision, for a Minkowski bulk, one can reconstruct a spatially coarse-grained bulk field, but only out to a depth set by the coarse-graining scale. For an asymptotically AdS bulk, reconstruction is limited to a spatial coarse-graining proper distance set by the AdS scale. AdS black holes admit evanescent modes. We study the resolution bound in the large AdS black hole background and provide a dual CFT interpretation. Our results demonstrate that, if there is a black hole of any size in the bulk, then sub-AdS bulk locality is no longer well-encoded in boundary data in terms of local CFT operators. Specifically, in order to probe the bulk on sub-AdS scales using only boundary data in terms of local operators, one must either have such data to exponential precision or make further assumptions about the bulk state
A new look at instantons and large- N limit

We analyze instantons in the very strongly coupled large- N limit ( N → ∞ with g 2 fixed) of large- N gauge theories, where the effect of the instantons remains finite. By using the exact partition function of four-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} $ = 2 * gauge theories as a concrete example, we demonstrate that each instanton sector in the very strongly coupled large- N limit is related to the one in the ’t Hooft limit ( N → ∞ with g 2 N fixed) through a simple analytic continuation. Furthermore we show the equivalence between the instanton partition functions of a pair of large- N gauge theories related by an orbifold projection. This can open up a new way to analyze the partition functions of low/non-supersymmetric theories. We also discuss implication of our result to gauge/gravity dualities for M-theory as well as a possible application to large- N QCD
Gaudin-type models, non-skew-symmetric classical r -matrices and nested Bethe ansatz

We consider quantum integrable systems associated with the Lie algebra gl(n) and Cartan-invariant non-dynamical non-skew-symmetric classical r -matrices. We describe the sub-class of Cartan-invariant non-skew-symmetric r -matrices for which exists the standard procedure of the nested Bethe ansatz associated with the chain of embeddings gl(n)⊃gl(n−1)⊃gl(n−2)⊃⋯⊃gl(1) . We diagonalize the corresponding quantum integrable systems by its means. We illustrate the obtained results by the examples of the generalized Gaudin systems with and without external magnetic field associated with three classes of non-dynamical non-skew-symmetric classical r -matrices