pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Molecular gas properties of galaxies: The SMA CO(2-1) B0DEGA legacy
  project

In the last two decades high resolution (< 5 arcsec) CO observations for ~
150 galaxies have provided a wealth of information about the molecular gas
morphologies in the circumnuclear regions. While in samples of 'normal'
galaxies the molecular gas does not seem to peak toward the nuclear regions for
about 50% of the galaxies, barred galaxies and mergers show larger
concentrations. However, we do not exactly know from an observational point of
view how the molecular gas properties of a galaxy evolve as a result of an
interaction. Here we present the SMA CO(2-1) B0DEGA (Below 0 DEgree GAlaxies)
legacy project in which we are imaging the CO(2-1) line of the circumnuclear
regions (1 arcmin) of a large (~ 70) sample of nearby IR-bright spiral
galaxies, likely interacting, and that still remained unexplored due to its
location in the southern hemisphere. We find different molecular gas
morphologies, such as rings, nuclear arms, nuclear bars and asymmetries. We
find a centrally peaked concentration in about 85% of the galaxies with typical
size scales of about 0.5 - 1 kpc. This might be related to perturbations
produced by recent interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at "Galaxies and their Masks",
  celebrating Ken Freeman's 70-th birthday, Sossusvlei, Namibia, April 2010. To
  be published by Springer, New York, editors D.L. Block, K.C. Freeman, & I.
  Puerar
Expertise in Swiss mathematics instruction

This chapter draws on data and findings from several video studies to describe\ud
the quality of mathematics teaching in Switzerland. The focus is on features of instructional\ud
practice and quality as core components of classroom behavior that reflect the\ud
teacher’s expertise in creating optimal learning opportunities. The didactic triangle is\ud
used as the basis for describing the profile of expertise in Swiss mathematics instruction\ud
in terms of three interdependent dimensions of instructional quality. A core element of\ud
this pofile can be identified in Swiss mathematics teachers’ particular strengths in the\ud
culture of communication, support and relationships. Findings also paint a generally\ud
positive picture of the culture of teaching, learning and understanding (e.g., methods and\ud
choreography of teaching) in Swiss mathematics classrooms. However, the culture of\ud
objectives, materials and tasks proves to be rather average in international comparison in\ud
several respects (level of mathematical content, characteristics of the problems set and\ud
the way they are worked on in lessons). In particular, there seems to be room for improvement\ud
in the specific context of the didactics of mathematics (e.g., the level of\ud
cognitive and mathematical challenge
Multilevel analysis in CSCL Research

Janssen, J., Erkens, G., Kirschner, P. A., & Kanselaar, G. (2011). Multilevel analysis in CSCL research. In S. Puntambekar, G. Erkens, & C. Hmelo-Silver (Eds.), Analyzing interactions in CSCL: Methods, approaches and issues (pp. 187-205). New York: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7710-6_9CSCL researchers are often interested in the processes that unfold between learners in online learning environments and the outcomes that stem from these interactions. However, studying collaborative learning processes is not an easy task. Researchers have to make quite a few methodological decisions such as how to study the collaborative process itself (e.g., develop a coding scheme or a questionnaire), on the appropriate unit of analysis (e.g., the individual or the group), and which statistical technique to use (e.g., descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis). Recently, several researchers have turned to multilevel analysis (MLA) to answer their research questions (e.g., Cress, 2008; De Wever, Van Keer, Schellens, & Valcke, 2007; Dewiyanti, Brand-Gruwel, Jochems, & Broers, 2007; Schellens, Van Keer, & Valcke, 2005; Strijbos, Martens, Jochems, & Broers, 2004; Stylianou-Georgiou, Papanastasiou, & Puntambekar, chapter #). However, CSCL studies that apply MLA analysis still remain relatively scarce. Instead, many CSCL researchers continue to use ‘traditional’ statistical techniques (e.g., analysis of variance, regression analysis), although these techniques may not be appropriate for what is being studied. An important aim of this chapter is therefore to explain why MLA is often necessary to correctly answer the questions CSCL researchers address. Furthermore, we wish to highlight the consequences of failing to use MLA when this is called for, using data from our own studies
Inductive querying with virtual mining views

In this chapter, we present an inductive database system in which the query language is traditional SQL. More speciﬁcally, we present a system in which the user can query the collection of all possible patterns as if they were stored in traditional relational tables. We show how such tables, or mining views, can be developed for three popular data mining tasks, namely itemset mining, association rule discovery and decision tree learning. To illustrate the interactive and iterative capabilities of our system, we describe a complete data mining scenario that consists in extracting knowledge from real gene expression data, after a pre-processing phase.status: publishe
Experiment databases

Inductive databases are usually viewed as databases that contain models, next to data, such that mining the data essentially boils down to querying them for models. This unifies data mining with database querying. In his chapter, we consider experiment databases. Experiment databases are similar to regular inductive databases, but operate at a higher level of abstraction. They store not necessarily the models themselves, but properties of those models, and of the learners and datasets used to construct them. Querying them will reveal information about the behavior of data mining algorithms and the models they result in, when run on particular datasets. Thus, experiment databases unify meta-learning (learning about data mining systems) with database querying. In this chapter we discuss the advantages that experiment databases can offer in terms of openness of research, collaboration, reproducibility of experiments, thoroughness of analysis of experimental results, and correctness of their interpretation. We also describe the (principled) design of a pilot experiment database, and illustrate its use.status: publishe
Inductive queries for a drug designing robot scientist

It is increasingly clear that machine learning algorithms need to be integrated in an iterative scientific discovery loop, in which data is queried repeatedly by means of inductive queries and where the computer provides guidance to the experiments that are being performed. In this chapter, we summarise several key challenges in achieving this integration of machine learning and data mining algorithms in methods for the discovery of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSARs). We introduce the concept of a robot scientist, in which all steps of the discovery process are automated; we discuss the representation of molecular data such that knowledge discovery tools can analyse it, and we discuss the adaptation of machine learning and data mining algorithms to guide QSAR experiments.status: publishe
A practical comparative study of data mining query languages

An important motivation for the development of inductive databases and query languages for data mining is that such an approach will increase the ﬂexibility with which data mining can be performed. By integrating data mining more closely into a database querying framework, separate steps such as data preprocessing, data mining, and postprocessing of the results, can all be handled using one query language. In this chapter, we compare 6 existing data mining query languages, all extensions of the standard relational query language SQL, from this point of view: how ﬂexible are they with respect to the tasks they can be used for, and how easily can those tasks be performed? We verify whether and how these languages can be used to perform four prototypical data mining tasks in the domain of itemset and association rule mining, and summarize their stronger and weaker points. Besides offering a comparative evaluation of different data mining query languages, this chapter also provides a motivation for the next chapter, where a deeper 
integration of data mining into databases is proposed, one that does not rely on the development of a new query language, but where the structure of the database itself is extended.status: publishe
From local patterns to classification models

Abstract Using pattern mining techniques for building a predictive model is currently a popular topic of research. The aim of these techniques is to obtain classifiers of better predictive performance as compared to greedily constructed models, as well as to allow the construction of predictive models for data not represented in attribute-value vectors. In this chapter we provide an overview of recent techniques we developed for integrating pattern mining and classification tasks. The range of techniques spans the entire range from approaches that select relevant patterns from a previously mined set for propositionalization of the data, over inducing pattern-based rule sets, to algorithms that integrate pattern mining and model construction. We provide an overview of the algorithms which are most closely related to our approaches in order to put our techniques in a context.status: publishe
Anxiety disorders in children with chronic health problems

In the United States, 10% of all adolescents suffer from a chronic illness (Blum, 1992; Krementz, 1989; Millstein & Litt, 1990). In total, approximately one million children have a chronic illness that affects daily life (Perrin & MacLean, 1988) and another ten million have somewhat less serious physical illnesses (Haggerty, 1984). A chronic illness is defined as “one that lasts for a substantial period of time or that has sequelae that are debilitating for a long period of time” (Perrin, 1985, p. 2). Chronic illnesses are associated with a wide range of sequelae and impairment including pain and discomfort, school absences, activity disruptions, poorer social competence, higher use of medication and health care visits, as well as increased risk for both internalizing and externalizing problems (e.g., Cadman, Boyle, Szatmari, & Offord, 1987; Gortmaker, Walker, Weitzman, & Sobel, 1990; Jackson & Vessey, 2004).Griffith Health, School of Applied PsychologyFull Tex
Improved search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino oscillations in MINOS

We report the results of a search for e appearance in a beam in the MINOS long-baseline neutrino experiment. With an improved analysis and an increased exposure of 8.2 1020 pro- tons on the NuMI target at Fermilab, we find that 2sin2(23)sin2(213) &lt; 0.12 (0.20) at 90% confidence level for =0 and the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy, with a best fit of 2sin2(23)sin2(213)=0.041+0.047 (0.079+0.071). The 13=0 hypothesis is disfavored by the MINOS 0.031 0.053 data at the 89% confidence level
Processes of personal identity formation and evaluation

In the present chapter, we propose a process-oriented model suited to map personal identity development across different phases of the lifespan and in different domains of identity. Primarily inspired by Marcia's (1966) identity status paradigm, this model unpacks the dimensions of exploration and commitment into five distinctive but interrelated identity dimensions: three forms of exploration (ruminative, in-breadth, and in-depth) and two forms of commitment (commitment making and identification). In doing so, the model focuses on both the development and the evaluation of ones personal identity and enables researchers to distinguish between more and less adaptive identity strategies. Special attention is paid to developmental issues, antecedents, and concomitants of this identity model and to how the different dimensions of the model and the statuses derived based on this model are related to psychosocial (self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) and health (illness adaptation, coping) outcomes in non-clinical and clinical populations. Suggestions for individually and contextually based intervention strategies are provided
When is identity congruent with the self? A self-determination theory perspective

Within the identity literature, self and identity are often used as interchangeable terms. By contrast, in Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Ryan & Deci, 2003) both terms have a differentiated meaning and it is maintained that identities may vary in the extent to which they are congruent with the basic growth tendencies of the self that are fueled by the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Specifically, the level of congruence between identities and the self is said to depend on (a) the motives underlying one’s identity commitments (i.e., pressure versus volition) and (b) the content of the goals defining one’s identity (i.e., extrinsic versus intrinsic). It is argued in SDT that both the motives and the goals behind one’s identity are important for optimal functioning because of their linkage with basic need satisfaction. This chapter (a) compares the SDT view on identity development with prevailing models of identity formation, and with constructivist models of identity in particular, and (b) reviews research relevant to the idea that identities need to be congruent with the self in order to foster well-being and adjustment
RESTful Service Development for Resource-constrained Environments

International audienceThe use of resource-constrained devices, such as smartphones, PDAs, Tablet PCs, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is spreading rapidly in the business community and our daily life. Accessing services from such devices is very common in ubiquitous environments, but mechanisms to describe, implement and distribute these services remain a major challenge. Web services have been characterized as an efficient and widely-adopted approach to overcome heterogeneity, while this technology is still heavyweight for resource-constrained devices. The emergence of REST architectural style as a lightweight and simple interaction model has encouraged researchers to study the feasibility of exploiting REST principles to design and integrate services hosted on devices with limited capabilities. In this chapter, we discuss the state-of-the-art in applying REST concepts to develop Web services for WSNs and smartphones as two representative resource-constrained platforms, and then we provide a comprehensive survey of existing solutions in this area. In this context, we report on the DIGIHOME platform, a home monitoring middleware solution, which enables efficient service integration in ubiquitous environments using REST architectural style. In particular, we target our reference platforms for homemonitoring systems, namelyWSNs and smartphones, and report our experiments in applying the concept of Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) in order to provide resource-efficient RESTful distribution of Web services for those platforms
Telescope Bibliometrics 101

During recent years, bibliometric studies have become increasingly important
in evaluating individual scientists, institutes, and entire observatories. In
astronomy, often librarians are involved in maintaining publication databases
and compiling statistics for their institutions. In this paper, we present a
look behind the scenes to understand who is interested in bibliometric
statistics, which methodologies astronomy librarians apply, and what kind of
features next-generation bibliographies may include.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. To appear in: Future Professional Communication
  in Astronomy II (FPCA-II
Finding Your Literature Match -- A Recommender System

The universe of potentially interesting, searchable literature is expanding
continuously. Besides the normal expansion, there is an additional influx of
literature because of interdisciplinary boundaries becoming more and more
diffuse. Hence, the need for accurate, efficient and intelligent search tools
is bigger than ever. Even with a sophisticated search engine, looking for
information can still result in overwhelming results. An overload of
information has the intrinsic danger of scaring visitors away, and any
organization, for-profit or not-for-profit, in the business of providing
scholarly information wants to capture and keep the attention of its target
audience. Publishers and search engine engineers alike will benefit from a
service that is able to provide visitors with recommendations that closely meet
their interests. Providing visitors with special deals, new options and
highlights may be interesting to a certain degree, but what makes more sense
(especially from a commercial point of view) than to let visitors do most of
the work by the mere action of making choices? Hiring psychics is not an
option, so a technological solution is needed to recommend items that a visitor
is likely to be looking for. In this presentation we will introduce such a
solution and argue that it is practically feasible to incorporate this approach
into a useful addition to any information retrieval system with enough usage.Comment: Contribution to the proceedings of the colloquium Future Professional
  Communication in Astronomy II, 13-14 April 2010, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 11
  pages, 4 figures
Linking Literature and Data: Status Report and Future Efforts

In the current era of data-intensive science, it is increasingly important
for researchers to be able to have access to published results, the supporting
data, and the processes used to produce them. Six years ago, recognizing this
need, the American Astronomical Society and the Astrophysics Data Centers
Executive Committee (ADEC) sponsored an effort to facilitate the annotation and
linking of datasets during the publishing process, with limited success. I will
review the status of this effort and describe a new, more general one now being
considered in the context of the Virtual Astronomical Observatory.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, to appear in: Future Professional Communication
  in Astronomy II (FPCA-II
Analysis of By-Products of N2-SF6 Gas Mixtures Sparked under Inhomogenous Field Conditions

A vast data on formation of by-products due to arc and spark decomposition of SF6 is available in literature [1–10]. But experimental work relating to N2 - SF6 gas mixtures is limited. In view of increasing application of gas mixtures, it is essential to understand the nature of by-products formed in gas mixtures. Many recent studies have highlighted the advantages of using N2-SF6 gas mixtures as a replacement to SF6 gas for High Voltage application, with a view to reduce emission of SF6 gas into the atmosphere. Majority of these studies are aimed at determining the basic characteristics of N2-SF6 gas mixtures. However, this study attempts to understand the nature and quantum of different species formed in N2-SF6 mixtures in the presence of insulating spacers when sparked under inhomogeneous field conditions
Nonholonomic systems with symmetry allowing a conformally symplectic
  reduction

Non-holonomic mechanical systems can be described by a degenerate
almost-Poisson structure (dropping the Jacobi identity) in the constrained
space. If enough symmetries transversal to the constraints are present, the
system reduces to a nondegenerate almost-Poisson structure on a ``compressed''
space. Here we show, in the simplest non-holonomic systems, that in favorable
circumnstances the compressed system is conformally symplectic, although the
``non-compressed'' constrained system never admits a Jacobi structure (in the
sense of Marle et al.).Comment: 8 pages. A slight edition of the version to appear in Proceedings of
  HAMSYS 200
L-Arginine attenuates cardiovascular impairment in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats

Nitric oxide (NO) is essential for normal function of the cardiovascular system. This study has determined whether chronic administration of L-arginine, the biological precursor of NO, attenuates the development of structural and functional changes in hearts and blood vessels of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Uninephrectomized rats treated with DOCA (25 mg every 4th day sc) and 1% NaCl in the drinking water for 4 wk were treated with L-arginine (5% in food, 3.4 plus/minus 0.3 g per kg body wt-1 per day-1). Changes in cardiovascular structure and function were determined by echocardiography, microelectrode studies, histology, and studies in isolated hearts and thoracic aortic rings. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats developed hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy with increased left ventricular wall thickness and decreased ventricular internal diameter, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, increased ventricular interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition, increased passive diastolic stiffness, prolonged action potential duration, increased oxidative stress, and inability to increase purine efflux in response to an increased workload. L-Arginine markedly attenuated or prevented these changes and also normalized the reduced efficacy of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in isolated thoracic aortic rings of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. This study suggests that a functional NO deficit in blood vessels and heart due to decreased NO synthase activity or increased release of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide may be a key change initiating many aspects of the cardiovascular impairment observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These changes can be prevented or attenuated by administration of L-arginine.\u
Application of modal analysis for evaluation of the impact resistance of aerospace sandwich materials

Impact resistance of different types of composite sandwich beams is evaluated by studying vibration response changes (natural frequency and damping ratio). This experimental works will help aerospace structural engineer in assess structural integrity using classification of impact resistance of various composite sandwich beams (entangled carbon and glass fibers, honeycomb and foam cores). Low velocity impacts are done below the BVID limit in order to detect damage by vibration testing that is hardly visible on the surface. Experimental tests are done using both burst random and sine dwell testing in order to have a better confidence level on the extracted modal parameters. Results show that the entangled sandwich beams have a better resistance against impact as compared to classical core materials
Taxation and the Household

Previous analyses of demand systems and the welfare effects of taxing male and female labour supplies suppress the analysis of household resource allocation by assuming a household utility function. To analyse the implications of assuming this is not the case, we construct a simple but fairly general model of household resource allocation and use the properties of the equilibrium of this model to characterise the effects of tax policy on individual utilities, as determined by the household resource allocation process
An Example of Complex Pedestrian Route Choice

Pedestrian route choice is a complex, situation- and population-dependent
issue. In this contribution an example is presented, where pedestrians can
choose among two seemingly similar alternatives. The choice ratio is not even
close to being balanced, but almost all pedestrians choose the same
alternative. A number of possible causes for this are given.Comment: Extended version of a contribution to "Pedestrian and Evacuation
  Dynamics 2010" conference (accepted for publication) in Gaithersburg, M