pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tumor uptake of radiolabeled acetate reflects the expression of cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase: implications for the mechanism of acetate PET

Introduction: [1-^<11>C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) is used for myocardial
studies. In the myocardium, mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS1) mainly
contributes to the radiopharmaceutical uptake. [1-^<11>C]acetate PET is also used for tumor
diagnosis; however, the uptake mechanism of radiolabeled acetate in tumors remains unclear.
Our previous study reported that cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2) was expressed in
tumor cells and up-regulated under hypoxia; whereas, expression of ACSS1 was negligible
regardless of the oxygen conditions. We also indicated that ACSS2 is a bi-directional enzyme
that controls acetyl-CoA / acetate metabolism in tumor cells. In this study, to elucidate the
basic mechanism of tumor acetate uptake, we focused on ACSS2 and investigated the role of
ACSS2 in the uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumor cells. Methods: [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake and ACSS2 expression were examined in four tumor cell
lines under normoxia or hypoxia. An ACSS2 knockdown study was also performed.
Results: [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake was increased in the tumor cells under hypoxia. This pattern
followed that of ACSS2 expression. The incorporated ^<14>C was mostly distributed in the
lipid-soluble fractions, and this tendency increased under hypoxia. ACSS2 knock down led to
a corresponding reduction in [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake in all tumor cell lines examined under
normoxia and hypoxia. Conclusions: ACSS2 plays an important role in the uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumor
cells, which is different from that in the myocardium, which mainly involves ACSS1. The
uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumors increased under hypoxia along with up-regulation of
ACSS2 expression. This suggests a possible mechanism for acetate PET for tumors
Observation and determination of abnormal rolls and abnormal zigzag rolls in electroconvection in homeotropic liquid crystals

Direct evidence for two different types of normal rolls and of zigzag rolls in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystals in a magnetic field is reported. The conventional normal rolls have the reflection symmetry in the xy plane. The instability, however, breaks the reflection symmetry y→-y on the director and then the abnormal rolls are expected to be observed. We have investigated the instability experimentally and discussed it in terms of the recent numerical results by Plaut et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2367 (1997)]. Due to the new instability, the abnormal zigzag rolls are also found below the Lifshitz frequency
Interplay of randomness, electron correlation, and dimensionality effects in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

We study the interplay of randomness, electron correlation, and dimensionality effects in weakly coupled half-filled Hubbard chains with weak quenched random potentials, based on the renormalization-group (RG) approach. We perform a two-loop RG analysis of an effective action derived by using the replica trick, and examine the following crossovers and phase transitions from an incoherent metal regime: (1) a crossover to the Anderson localization regime, (2) an antiferromagnetic phase transition, and (3) a crossover to the quasi-one-dimensional weak-localization regime. The case of d=1+ε (ε≪1) dimensions is also mentioned
Identifying structural and energetic trends in isovalent core-shell nanoalloys as a function of composition and size mismatch

Producción CientíficaWe locate the putative global minimum structures of NaxCs(55 − x) and LixCs(55 − x) nanoalloys through combined empirical potential and density functional theory calculations, and compare them to the structures of 55-atom Li-Na and Na-K nanoalloys obtained in a recent paper [A. Aguado and J. M. López, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 094302 (2010)10.1063/1.3479396]. Alkali nanoalloys are representative of isovalent metallic mixtures with a strong tendency towards core-shell segregation, and span a wide range of size mismatches. By comparing the four systems, we analyse how the size mismatch and composition affect the structures and relative stabilities of these mixtures, and identify useful generic trends. The Na-K system is found to possess a nearly optimal size mismatch for the formation of poly-icosahedral (pIh) structures with little strain. In systems with a larger size mismatch (Na-Cs and Li-Cs), frustration of the pIh packing induces for some compositions a reconstruction of the core, which adopts instead a decahedral packing. When the size mismatch is smaller than optimal (Li-Na), frustration leads to a partial amorphization of the structures. The excess energies are negative for all systems except for a few compositions, demonstrating that the four mixtures are reactive. Moreover, we find that Li-Cs and Li-Na mixtures are more reactive (i.e., they have more negative excess energies) than Na-K and Na-Cs mixtures, so the stability trends when comparing the different materials are exactly opposite to the trends observed in the bulk limit: the strongly non-reactive Li-alkali bulk mixtures become the most reactive ones at the nanoscale. For each material, we identify the magic composition xm which minimizes the excess energy. xm is found to increase with the size mismatch due to steric crowding effects, and for LixCs(55 − x) the most stable cluster has almost equiatomic composition. We advance a simple geometric packing rule that suffices to systematize all the observed trends in systems with large size mismatch (Na-K, Na-Cs, and Li-Cs). As the size mismatch is reduced, however, electron shell effects become more and more important and contribute significantly to the stability of the Li-Na system
The Route to software process improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises

The software development industry is dominated by a myriad of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main goal of this chapter is to provide a characterization of SMEs based on previous studies. It also includes an overview of a number of software process models and software process improvement (SPI) models, which are aimed at assisting SMEs in improving the way they develop software. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the extent of SPI approaches published in the literature as a way to understand the particular context and some of the major challenges faced. From there, we propose an approach to integrate software process practices. This proposal is based on the results of our study on this topic carried out in small software companies. It is focused on what small organizations could actually do, more than on what they are currently practicing
Some remarks on a model for rate-independent damage in thermo-visco-elastodynamics

This note deals with the analysis of a model for partial damage, where the rate- independent, unidirectional flow rule for the damage variable is coupled with the rate-dependent heat equation, and with the momentum balance featuring inertia and viscosity according to Kelvin-Voigt rheology. The results presented here combine the approach from Roubicek [1, 2] with the methods from Lazzaroni/Rossi/Thomas/Toader [3]. The present analysis encompasses, differently from [2], the monotonicity in time of damage and the dependence of the viscous tensor on damage and temperature, and, unlike [3], a nonconstant heat capacity and a time-dependent Dirichlet loading
A tailored exercise program versus general exercise for a subgroup of patients with low back pain and movement control impairment : short-term results of a randomised controlled trial

The project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project no. 127240).Background:
Exercise is an effective treatment for patients with sub-acute and chronic low back pain (LBP). Patients with a movement control impairment (MCI) can be diagnosed as a subgroup of patients with LBP. Unknown is which exercise intervention is most beneficial for this subgroup. This study assessed the short-term effect of a specific exercise program targeting movement control impairment versus general exercise treatment on disability in patients with LBP and MCI.
Methods:
In a multicentre parallel group randomised controlled pragmatic trial, patients with sub-acute and chronic LBP were included. Further inclusion criteria were disability of ≥5 points on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and ≥2 positive tests out of a set of 6 movement control impairment tests. A total of 106 patients were randomly assigned to either tailored movement control exercise intervention (MC, n=52) or a general exercise intervention (GE, n=54); both 9-18 individual treatment sessions, over a maximum of 12 weeks. . The primary outcome was disability measured with the Patient Specific Functional scale (PSFS). Secondary outcome was the Roland-Morris disability scale (RMDQ). Measurements were taken pre- and posttreatment.
Results:
No significant difference was found following the treatment period. Baselineadjusted between-group mean difference for the PSFS was 0.5 (SD = 0.5; p = 0.32) in favour of MC exercises. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire revealed a significant, but not clinically relevant, between-group difference of 2.0 points (SD = 0.8; p= 0.01).
Conclusion:
Disability in LBP patients was reduced considerably by both interventions. However, the limited contrast between the two exercise programs may have influenced outcomes
Species occurrence of the potentially toxigenic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and the associated neurotoxin domoic acid in the Argentine Sea

The marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, the major known producer of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) responsible for the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) syndrome in humans and marine mammals, is globally distributed. The genus presents high species richness in the Argentine Sea and DA has been frequently detected in the last few years in plankton and shellfish samples, but the species identity of the producers remains unclear. In the present work, the distribution and abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia species and DA were determined from samples collected on two oceanographic cruises carried out through the Argentine Sea (∼39–47°S) during summer and spring 2013. Phytoplankton composition was analysed by light and electron microscopy while DA was determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The genus Pseudo-nitzschia was recorded in 71 and 86% of samples collected in summer and spring, respectively, whereas DA was detected in only 42 and 21% of samples, respectively. Microscopic analyses revealed at least five potentially toxic species (P. australis, P. brasiliana, P. fraudulenta, P. pungens, P. turgidula), plus putatively non-toxigenic P. dolorosa, P. lineola, P. turgiduloides and unidentified specimens of the P. pseudodelicatissima complex. The species P. australis showed the highest correlation with DA occurrence (r = 0.55; p &lt; 0.05), suggesting its importance as a major DA producer in the Argentine Sea. In the northern area and during summer, DA was associated with the presence of P. brasiliana, a species recorded for the first time in the Argentine Sea. By contrast, high concentrations of P. fraudulenta, P. pungens and P. turgidula did not correspond with DA occurrence. This study represents the first successful attempt to link toxigenicity with Pseudo-nitzschia diversity and cell abundance in field plankton populations in the south-western Atlantic
High-coverage whole-exome sequencing identifies candidate genes for suicide in victims with major depressive disorder

We carried out whole-exome ultra-high throughput sequencing in brain samples of suicide victims who had suffered from major depressive disorder and control subjects who had died from other causes. This study aimed to reveal the selective accumulation of rare variants in the coding and the UTR sequences within the genes of suicide victims. We also analysed the potential effect of STR and CNV variations, as well as the infection of the brain with neurovirulent viruses in this behavioural disorder. As a result, we have identified several candidate genes, among others three calcium channel genes that may potentially contribute to completed suicide. We also explored the potential implication of the TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that uses whole-exome sequencing for the investigation of suicide
Numerical analysis of the effects of using effervescent atomization on solution precursor thermal spraying process

The solution precursor thermal spraying (SPTS) process is used to obtain nano-sized dense coating layers. During the SPTS process, the in situ formation of nanoparticles is mainly dependent on combustion gas-temperature, gas-pressure, gas-velocity, torch design, fuel type, and Oxygen-Fuel (O/F) mixture ratios, precursor injection feeding ratio and flow rates, properties of fuel and precursor and its concentration, and the precursor droplets fragmentation. The focus of the present work is the numerical study of atomization of pure solvent droplets streams into fine droplets spray using an effervescent twin-fluid atomizer. For better droplet disintegration appropriate atomization techniques can be used for injecting the precursor in the CH-2000 high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) torch. The CFD computations of the SPTS process are essentially required because the internal flow physics of HVOF process cannot be examined experimentally. In this research for the first time, an effervescent twin-fluid injection nozzle is designed to inject the solution precursor into the HVOF torch, and the effects on the HVOF flame dynamics are analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is performed using Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) model and validated by the measured values of droplets size distribution at varied Gas-to-Liquid flow rate Ratios (GLR). Different nozzle diameters with varied injection parameters are numerically tested, and results are compared to observe the effects on the droplet disintegration and evaporation. It is concluded that the effervescent atomization nozzle used in the CH-2000 HVOF torch can work efficiently even with bigger exit diameters and with higher values of viscosity and surface-tension of the solution. It can generate smaller size precursor droplets (2 µm <d<20 µm) that could help in the formation of fine nanostructured coatings
Design of magneto-rheological (MR) valve

Magneto-Rheological Fluid (“MRF”) technology has been successfully employed in various low and high volume automotive applications. Good understanding of specific design constraints is required to define and to optimize a magneto-rheological device. This article presents parametrical analyses with magnetic simulations, of a magneto-rheological valve and a magneto-rheological orifice. Experimental rig assemblies of two different control devices have been designed, built and the performances have been evaluated experimentally. Controlled pressure drops, of 0.6MPa @ 4.5A at 5cm³/s in the orifice mode, and 1.5MPa @ 4.5A at 0 cm³/s, in the valve mode, using MRF132-AD, have been achieved. The study shows that excellent features like the fast response and the contactless nature of MRF control are attractive for various control devices
Exeter at CLEF 2003: Cross-language spoken document retrieval experiments

Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval (CLSDR) combines both the complexities of retrieval from collections characterized by speech transcription errors and language translation issues between search requests and documents. Thus achieving effective retrieval in this domain is potentially very challenging. For the CLEF 2003 SDR task we adopted a standard query translation strategy using commercial machine translation tools and explored pseudo-relevance feedback using a small contemporaneous collection and a much larger text collection from a different time period
Measurement and analysis of nonhydrostatic lattice strain component in niobium to 145 GPa under various fluid pressure-transmitting media

The d spacings in niobium have been measured to 145 GPa with a diamond anvil cell using a fluid13; pressure-transmitting medium methanolx2013;ethanolx2013;water MEW mixture, or helium. The13; conventional geometry, wherein the primary x-ray beam passes parallel to the load axis with image13; plate, has been used to record the diffraction patterns. The analysis of the d spacings using the lattice13; strain equations indicates the presence of nonhydrostatic stress component with both MEW and He13; pressure-transmitting media in the pressure ranges that are well below the freezing pressure of the13; pressure-transmitting medium. A method to correct the measured d spacings for the nonhydrostatic13; pressure effect is suggested. This study clearly emphasizes the need to carefully analyze the data for13; the nonhydrostatic compression effects even if the experiments are performed with fluid13; pressure-transmitting medium
Ga as an additive in the As2Te3 glass

Results of measurements of the mean atomic volume (V), the glass transition temperature13; (Tg), the activation energy for glass transition (Et) and the d. c. electrical conductivity (x3C3;) are13; reported and discussed for ten glass compositions of the Gax2013;Asx2013;Te system. The glasses13; studied can be represented as Gax(As0.4Te0.6)100x2212;x glasses, with the additive Ga ranging13; from 0 to 12 atomic percent (at.%) in the parent As2Te3 glass. In the Gax(As0.4Te0.6)100x2212;x13; glasses, changes in slope are observed in the V, Tg, Et, x3C3; and other electronic properties, at13; the composition with a Ga content of 2 at.%. The results are compared with those obtained13; on introduction of Ag and Cu to the As2Te3 and the [0.5As2Te3x2013;0.5As2Se3] glasses. Analysis13; of the data suggest formation of GaAs, Ga2Te3 and excess Te structural units (s.u.) in lieu of13; some of the original As2Te3 s.u., for addition of Ga up to 2 at.% to the parent As2Te3 glass;13; for higher Ga contents, formation of GaAs, GaTe and excess Te s.u. are indicated
Energy Distribution in disordered elastic Networks

Disordered networks are found in many natural and artificial materials, from gels or cytoskeletal structures to metallic foams or bones. Here, the energy distribution in this type of networks is modeled, taking into account the orientation of the struts. A correlation between the orientation and the energy per unit volume is found and described as a function of the connectivity in the network and the relative bending stiffness of the struts. If one or both parameters have relatively large values, the struts aligned in the loading direction present the highest values of energy. On the contrary, if these have relatively small values, the highest values of energy can be reached in the struts oriented transversally. This result allows explaining in a simple way remodeling processes in biological materials, for example, the remodeling of trabecular bone and the reorganization in the cytoskeleton. Additionally, the correlation between the orientation, the affinity, and the bending-stretching ratio in the network is discussed
InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells emitting at 1.5 mu m grown by molecular beam epitaxy

This work reports on the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) emitting at 1.5 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show satellite peaks up to the second order. Estimated values of well (3 nm) and barrier (9 nm) thicknesses were derived from transmission electron microscopy and the fit between experimental data and simulated XRD spectra. Transmission electron microscopy and XRD simulations also confirmed that the InGaN barriers are relaxed with respect to the GaN template, while the InN MQWs grew under biaxial compression on the InGaN barriers. Low temperature (14 K) photoluminescence measurements reveal an emission from the InN MQWs at 1.5 μm. Measurements as a function of temperature indicate the existence of localized states, probably due to InN quantum wells’ thickness fluctuations as observed by transmission electron microscopy
Response timing in the lunge and target change in elite versus medium-level fencers.

The aim of the present work is to examine the differences between two groups of fencers with different levels of competition, elite and medium level. The timing parameters of the response reaction have been compared together with the kinetic variables which determine the sequence of segmented participation used during the lunge with a change in target during movement. A total of 30 male sword fencers participated, 13 elite and 17 medium level. Two force platforms recorded the horizontal component of the force and the start of the movement. One system filmed the movement in 3D, recording the spatial positions of 11 markers, while another system projected a mobile target over a screen. For synchronisation, an electronic signal enabled all the systems to be started simultaneously. Among the timing parameters of the reaction response, the choice reaction time (CRT) to the target change during the lunge was measured. The results revealed differences between the groups regarding the flight time, horizontal velocity at the end of the acceleration phase, and the length of the lunge, these being higher for the elite group, as well as other variables related to the temporal sequence of movement. No significant differences have been found in the simple reaction time or in CRT. According to the literature, the CRT appears to improve with sports practice, although this factor did not differentiate the elite from medium-level fencers. The coordination of fencing movements, that is, the right technique, constitutes a factor that differentiates elite fencers from medium-level ones
Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants

In plants, sterols are found in free form (free sterols, FSs) and conjugated as steryl esters (SEs), steryl glycosides (SGs) and acyl steryl glycosides (ASGs). Conjugated sterols are ubiquitously found in plants but their relative contents highly differ among species and their profile may change in response to developmental and environmental cues. SEs play a central role in membrane sterol homeostasis and also represent a storage pool of sterols in particular plant tissues. SGs and ASGs are main components of the plant plasma membrane (PM) that specifically accumulate in lipid rafts, PM microdomains known to mediate many relevant cellular processes. There are increasing evidences supporting the involvement of conjugated sterols in plant stress responses. In spite of this, very little is known about their metabolism. At present, only a limited number of genes encoding enzymes participating in conjugated sterol metabolism have been cloned and characterized in plants. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge about the tissue and cellular distribution of conjugated sterols in plants and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. We also discuss novel aspects on the role of conjugated sterols in plant development and stress responses recently unveiled using forward- and reverse-genetic approaches