pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
p21 Both Attenuates and Drives Senescence and Aging in BubR1 Progeroid Mice

SummaryBubR1 insufficiency occurs with natural aging and induces progeroid phenotypes in both mice and children with mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome. In response to BubR1 insufficiency, skeletal muscle, fat, and lens tissue engage p19Arf to attenuate senescence and age-related deterioration. Here, we address how p19Arf exerts this caretaker role using BubR1 progeroid mice lacking p53 or its transcriptional target p21. We show that p53 delays functional decline of skeletal muscle and fat in a p21-dependent fashion by inhibiting p16Ink4a-mediated senescence of progenitor cells. Strikingly, p53 also attenuates the formation of cataractous lenses, but here its antiaging effect is p21 independent, as we found p21 to promote senescence of lens epithelial cells and cataract formation. Together, these results demonstrate that p53 counteracts tissue destruction in response to BubR1 insufficiency through diverse mechanisms and uncover a causal link between senescence of the progenitor cell compartment and age-related dysfunction
Nonequilibrium Self-Assembly of a Filament Coupled to ATP/GTP Hydrolysis

AbstractWe study the stochastic dynamics of growth and shrinkage of single actin filaments or microtubules taking into account insertion, removal, and ATP/GTP hydrolysis of subunits. The resulting phase diagram contains three different phases: two phases of unbounded growth: a rapidly growing phase and an intermediate phase, and one bounded growth phase. We analyze all these phases, with an emphasis on the bounded growth phase. We also discuss how hydrolysis affects force-velocity curves. The bounded growth phase shows features of dynamic instability, which we characterize in terms of the time needed for the ATP/GTP cap to disappear as well as the time needed for the filament to reach a length of zero (i.e., to collapse) for the first time. We obtain exact expressions for all these quantities, which we test using Monte Carlo simulations
Chaos in classical string dynamics in γˆ deformed AdS5×T1,1

AbstractWe consider a circular string in γˆ deformed AdS5×T1,1 which is localized in the center of AdS5 and winds around the two circles of deformed T1,1. We observe chaos in the phase space of the circular string implying non-integrability of string dynamics. The chaotic behaviour in phase space is controlled by energy as well as the deforming parameter γˆ. We further show that the point like object exhibits non-chaotic behaviour. Finally we calculate the Lyapunov exponent for both extended and point like object in support of our first result
Implications of maternal nutrient restriction in transgenerational programming of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction across F1–F3 offspring

AbstractAimsAn extensive variety of prenatal insults are associated with an increased incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adult life. We previously demonstrated that maternal global nutrient restriction during pregnancy leads to increased blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in the adult offspring. This study aimed to assess whether prenatal exposure to nutritional insult has transgenerational effects in F2 and F3 offspring.Main methodsFor this, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups on day 1 of pregnancy: a control group fed standard chow ad libitum and a restricted group fed 50% of the ad libitum intake throughout gestation. At delivery, all animals were fed a standard laboratory chow diet. At 11weeks of age, one female and one male from each restricted litter were randomly selected and mated with rats from another restricted litters in order to generate the F2 offspring. The same procedure produced F3 generation. Similarly, the rats in the control group were bred for each generation.Key FindingsOur findings show that the deleterious effects of maternal nutrient restriction to which the F0 mothers were exposed may not be limited to the male first generation. In fact, we found that elevated blood pressure, an impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and alterations in NO production were all transferred to the subsequent males from F2 and F3 generations.SignificanceOur data show that global nutrient restriction during pregnancy results in a specific phenotype that can be passed transgenerationally to a second and third generation
Tourism trends in the world׳s main destinations before and after the 2008 financial crisis using UNWTO official data

AbstractThe first decade of the present century has been characterized by several economic shocks such as the 2008 financial crisis. In this data article we present the annual percentage growth rates of the main tourism indicators in the world׳s top tourist destinations: the United States, China, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, Turkey, Mexico and Austria. We use data from the Compendium of Tourism Statistics provided by the World Tourism Organization (http://www2.unwto.org/content/data-0). It has been demonstrated that the dynamics of growth in the tourism industry pose different challenges to each destination in the previous study “Positioning and clustering of the world׳s top tourist destinations by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data” (Claveria and Poluzzi, 2016, [1]). We provide a descriptive analysis of the variables over the period comprised between 2000 and 2010. We complement the analysis by graphing the evolution of the main variables so as to visually represent the co-movements between tourism variables and economic growth
Search for Bc+ decays to the pp‾π+ final state

AbstractA search for the decays of the Bc+ meson to pp¯π+ is performed for the first time using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. No signal is found and an upper limit, at 95% confidence level, is set, fcfu×B(Bc+→pp‾π+)<3.6×10−8 in the kinematic region m(pp‾)<2.85 GeV/c2, pT(B)<20 GeV/c and 2.0<y(B)<4.5, where B is the branching fraction and fc (fu) is the fragmentation fraction of the b quark into a Bc+ (B+) meson
Numerical Simulation of Wave Impact on a Rigid Wall Using a Two–phase Compressible SPH Method

AbstractIn this paper, an SPH method based on the SPH–ALE formulation is used for modelling two-phase flows with large density ratios and realistic sound speeds. The SPH scheme is further improved to circumvent the tensile instability that may occur in the SPH simulations. The two-phase SPH solver is then used to model a benchmark problem of liquid impact on a rigid wall. The results are compared with an incompressible Level Set solver. Furthermore, a wave impact on a rigid wall with a large entrained air pocket is modelled. The SPH simulation is initialised by the output of a fully non-linear potential flow solver. The pressure distribution, velocity field and impact pressure are then analysed
Cell-cell fusion in the nervous system: Alternative mechanisms of development, injury, and repair

AbstractOver a century ago, the seminal work of Ramón y Cajal revealed that the nervous system is made of individual units, the neurons, which are related to each other by contiguity rather than continuity. This view overturned the idea that the nervous system was a reticulum of fibers, a rete diffusa nervosa, as proposed and defined by Camillo Golgi. Although the neuron theory has been widely confirmed in every model system studied and constitutes the basis of modern neuroscience, evidence accumulated over the years suggests that neurons, similar to other types of cells, have the potential to fuse their membranes and undergo cell-cell fusion under certain conditions. This concept adds a substantial layer to our view of the nervous system and how it functions. Here, we bring together past and more recent discoveries on multiple aspects of neuronal fusion, discussing how this cellular event is generated, and what consequences it has for our understanding of nervous system development, disease, injury, and repair
Estimating a Preference-Based Index for an Eight-Dimensional Health State Classification System for Multiple Sclerosis

AbstractBackgroundCondition-specific measures are frequently used to assess the health-related quality of life of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Such measures are unsuitable for use in economic evaluations that require estimates of cost per quality-adjusted life-year because they are not based on preferences.ObjectivesTo report the estimation of a preference-based single index for an eight-dimensional instrument for MS, the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale – Eight Dimensions (MSIS-8D), derived from an MS-specific measure of health-related quality of life, the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29).MethodsWe elicited preferences for a sample of MSIS-8D states (n = 169) from a sample (n = 1702) of the UK general population. Preferences were elicited using the time trade-off technique via an Internet-based survey. We fitted regression models to these data to estimate values for all health states described by the MSIS-8D. Estimated values were assessed against MSIS-29 scores and values derived from generic preference-based measures in a large, representative sample of people with MS.ResultsParticipants reported that the time trade-off questions were easy to understand. Observed health state values ranged from 0.08 to 0.89. The best-performing model was a main effects, random effects model (mean absolute error = 0.04). Validation analyses support the performance of the MSIS-8D index: it correlated more strongly than did generic measures with MSIS-29 scores, and it discriminated effectively between subgroups of people with MS.ConclusionsThe MSIS-8D enables health state values to be estimated from the MSIS-29, adding to the methods available to assess health outcomes and to estimate quality-adjusted life-years for MS for use in health technology assessment and decision-making contexts
Reduced-complexity probabilistic reconstruction of alluvial aquifer stratigraphy, and application to sedimentary fans in northwestern India

AbstractGenerating a realistic model of subsurface stratigraphy that fits data from multiple well locations is a well-established problem in the field of aquifer characterisation. This is particularly critical for the alluvial fan-hosted aquifers in northwestern India, as they have some of the highest rates of groundwater extraction in the world and spatially limited subsurface observations. The objective of this study is to develop a reduced-complexity model that generates probabilistic estimates of aquifer body occurrence within a sedimentary fan, based loosely on the northwestern Indian aquifer system. We propose a parsimonious, inverse-weighted random walk model that reconstructs potential channel belt pathways within a discrete depth range or slice by (i) connecting known aquifer locations with the fan apex, (ii) filling adjacent cells with non-aquifer material based on estimated channel-body dimensions, and (iii) random filling of the remaining cells until the model fraction of aquifer material is comparable to the bulk aquifer fraction observed from well data. Once filled, individual depth slices can be stacked to produce a three-dimensional representation of aquifer-body geometry, allowing informed inference and testable predictions about the configuration of aquifer units in the subsurface. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that the model performs better than fully random filling, both in matching the locations of aquifer material in the subsurface and in reconstructing the geometry of relict channel bodies preserved on the fan surface. The model differs from purely statistical-empirical approaches by incorporating some geomorphic knowledge of fluvial channel belt geometry within the fan system. In contrast to a fully process-based approach, the model is computationally fast and is easily refined as new subsurface data become available
Abrupt community transitions and cyclic evolutionary dynamics in complex food webs

AbstractUnderstanding the emergence and maintenance of biodiversity ranks among the most fundamental challenges in evolutionary ecology. While processes of community assembly have frequently been analyzed from an ecological perspective, their evolutionary dimensions have so far received less attention. To elucidate the eco-evolutionary processes underlying the long-term build-up and potential collapse of community diversity, here we develop and examine an individual-based model describing coevolutionary dynamics driven by trophic interactions and interference competition, of a pair of quantitative traits determining predator and prey niches. Our results demonstrate the (1) emergence of communities with multiple trophic levels, shown here for the first time for stochastic models with linear functional responses, and (2) intermittent and cyclic evolutionary transitions between two alternative community states. In particular, our results indicate that the interplay of ecological and evolutionary dynamics often results in extinction cascades that remove the entire trophic level of consumers from a community. Finally, we show the (3) robustness of our results under variations of model assumptions, underscoring that processes of consumer collapse and subsequent rebound could be important elements of understanding biodiversity dynamics in natural communities
Phenolic profile and effect of regular consumption of Brazilian red wines on in vivo antioxidant activity

AbstractIn this study, Vitis vinifera L wines cv. Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Sangiovese and Syrah, 2006 and 2007 vintages, produced in São Joaquim, a new wine-producing region in southern Brazil, were evaluated. As phenolic compound content is one of the most important parameters in assessing wine quality and is possibly partially responsible for the beneficial health properties of wines, in this paper the levels of the main anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid (HPLC-DAD and HPLC-DAD–MS analysis) and the in vivo antioxidant activity in mice are reported. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was assessed through the reduction of ferric iron (FRAP). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), carbonyl protein (CP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were determined in livers of the test animals. The results for the phenolic compounds content of the wine samples were considered appropriate for quality red wines, and the wine consumption promoted a significant increase in FRAP and decreases in the TBARS and CP levels and in the CAT, SOD and GPx activity. Moreover, the phenolic content of the wines was positively correlated with the in vivo antioxidant capacity promoted by regular wine consumption
Low Energy Defibrillation in Human Cardiac Tissue: A Simulation Study

AbstractWe aim to assess the effectiveness of feedback-controlled resonant drift pacing as a method for low energy defibrillation. Antitachycardia pacing is the only low energy defibrillation approach to have gained clinical significance, but it is still suboptimal. Low energy defibrillation would avoid adverse side effects associated with high voltage shocks and allow the application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, in cases where such therapy is not tolerated today. We present results of computer simulations of a bidomain model of cardiac tissue with human atrial ionic kinetics. Reentry was initiated and low energy shocks were applied with the same period as the reentry, using feedback to maintain resonance. We demonstrate that such stimulation can move the core of reentrant patterns, in the direction that depends on the location of the electrodes and the time delay in the feedback. Termination of reentry is achieved with shock strength one-order-of-magnitude weaker than in conventional single-shock defibrillation. We conclude that resonant drift pacing can terminate reentry at a fraction of the shock strength currently used for defibrillation and can potentially work where antitachycardia pacing fails, due to the feedback mechanisms. Success depends on a number of details that these numerical simulations have uncovered
Invariant adjacency matrices of configuration graphs

AbstractSome graphs Γ have the following property P: the configuration graph (i.e. the non–collinearity graph) of the neighbourhood geometry of Γ is isomorphic to Γ. For instance, the ubiquitous Petersen graph satisfies P. The purpose of this paper is to reveal repercussions of property P on adjacency matrices A for Γ. This will be achieved in terms of invariance under (powers of) the following mapping Θ: denote by I and J the identity matrix and the all one matrix, respectively, both of order n=k2+1, and define Θ(A) := (k−1)I+J−A2. If k=3 and A is an adjacency matrix for the Petersen graph, it is well known that Θ(A)=A. In 1960, Hoffman and Singleton showed that for arbitrary k the matrix equation Θ(A)=A has only very few solutions, namely for k=2,3,7 and possibly for k=57.We prove that the property P implies the existence of an integer m⩾1 such that Θm(A)=A. We determine a standard form for such matrices which is invariant under the action of Θ. In particular, we characterize all solutions, on A, to Θm(A)=A for k=3 and k=4, where A is an adjacency matrix of some k–regular graph, solving a conjecture posed by the authors
Transition from direct to sequential two-proton decay in s–d shell nuclei

AbstractThe transition between different mechanisms of two-proton decay in exotic nuclei and the governing physical conditions are generally studied. To perform this large-scale survey, the direct-decay model, which is widely used, was improved by generalizing the semi-analytical approaches used before. The improved model provides a flawless phenomenological description of three-body correlations in 2p decays, as is demonstrated by several examples of decays of low-lying states in 16Ne. Different transition mechanisms are shown to occur beyond the proton dripline for s–d shell nuclei. It is found that the transition dynamics of 2p-emitters allows the extraction of the width of the ground-state resonance of the core+p subsystem. The practical application of the method is illustrated by determining properties of the 14F ground state derived from the Ne15→O13+2p decay data, and of the 29Cl ground state derived from the Ar30→S28+2p decay data
Small-x dynamics in forward–central dijet correlations at the LHC

AbstractWe provide a description, within the High Energy Factorization formalism, of central–forward dijet correlation data measured by the CMS experiment and the predictions for nuclear modification ratio RpA in p + Pb collisions. In our study, we use the unintegrated gluon density derived from the BFKL and BK equations supplemented with subleading corrections and a hard scale dependence. The latter is introduced at the final step of the calculation by re-weighting the Monte Carlo generated events using suitable Sudakov form factors, without changing the total cross section. We achieve a good description of data in the whole region of the azimuthal angle
Smac Mimetics and TNFα: A Dangerous Liaison?

Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2 are upregulated in many cancer cells. It has been thought that small-molecule mimetics of Smac, an endogenous IAP antagonist, might potentiate apoptosis in cancer cells by promoting caspase activation. However, three recent papers, two in Cell (Vince et al., 2007; Varfolomeev et al., 2007) and one in Cancer Cell (Petersen et al., 2007), now report that Smac mimetics primarily kill cancer cells via a different mechanism, the induction of autoubiquitination and degradation of cIAPs, which culminates in TNFα-mediated cell death
Accurate γ and MeV-electron track reconstruction with an ultra-low diffusion Xenon/TMA TPC at 10atm

AbstractWe report the performance of a 10atm Xenon/trimethylamine time projection chamber (TPC) for the detection of X-rays (30keV) and γ-rays (0.511–1.275MeV) in conjunction with the accurate tracking of the associated electrons. When operated at such a high pressure and in ~1%-admixtures, trimethylamine (TMA) endows Xenon with an extremely low electron diffusion (1.3±0.13mm-σ (longitudinal), 0.95±0.20mm-σ (transverse) along 1m drift) besides forming a convenient ‘Penning-Fluorescent’ mixture. The TPC, that houses 1.1kg of gas in its fiducial volume, operated continuously for 100 live-days in charge amplification mode. The readout was performed through the recently introduced microbulk Micromegas technology and the AFTER chip, providing a 3D voxelization of 8mm×8mm×1.2mm for approximately 10cm/MeV-long electron tracks. Resolution in energy (ε) at full width half maximum (R) inside the fiducial volume ranged from R=14.6% (30keV) to R=4.6%(1.275MeV).This work was developed as part of the R&D program of the NEXT collaboration for future detector upgrades in the search of the neutrino-less double beta decay (ββ0ν) in 136Xe, specifically those based on novel gas mixtures. Therefore we ultimately focus on the calorimetric and topological properties of the reconstructed MeV-electron tracks. In particular, the obtained energy resolution has been decomposed in its various contributions and improvements towards achieving the R=1.4%1MeV/ε levels obtained in small sensors are discussed
On bifractional Brownian motion

AbstractThis paper is devoted to analyzing several properties of the bifractional Brownian motion introduced by Houdré and Villa. This process is a self-similar Gaussian process depending on two parameters H and K and it constitutes a natural generalization of fractional Brownian motion (which is obtained for K=1). Here, we adopt the strategy of stochastic calculus via regularization. Of particular interest to us is the case HK=12. In this case, the process is a finite quadratic variation process with bracket equal to a constant times t and it has the same order of self-similarity as standard Brownian motion. It is a short-memory process even though it is neither a semimartingale nor a Dirichlet process
$p\Xi^- $ Correlation in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions with
  Nucleon-Hyperon Interaction from Lattice QCD

On the basis of the $p\Xi^-$ interaction extracted from (2+1)-flavor lattice
QCD simulations at the physical point, the momentum correlation of $p$ and
$\Xi^-$ produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions is evaluated. $C_{\rm
SL}(Q)$ defined by a ratio of the momentum correlations between the systems
with different source sizes is shown to be largely enhanced at low momentum due
to the strong attraction between $p$ and $\Xi^-$ in the $I=J=0$ channel. Thus,
measuring this ratio at RHIC and LHC and its comparison to the theoretical
analysis will give a useful constraint on the $p\Xi^-$ interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; proceedings contribution for Quark Matter 201
Search for dark matter and large extra dimensions in monojet events in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search has been made for events containing an energetic jet and an imbalance in transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. This signature is common to both dark matter and extra dimensions models. The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb -1. The number of observed events is consistent with the standard model expectation. Constraints on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections are determined for both spin-independent and spin-dependent interaction models. For the spin-independent model, these are the most constraining limits for a dark matter particle with mass below 3.5 GeV/c 2, a region unexplored by direct detection experiments. For the spin-dependent model, these are the most stringent constraints over the 0.1-200 GeV/c 2 mass range. The constraints on the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model parameter M D determined as a function of the number of extra dimensions are also an improvement over the previous results.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit