pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Good vibrations by the beach boys : magnitude of substrate vibrations is a reliable indicator of male grey seal size.

Communication via substrate vibrations can convey information on conspecific presence, individual quality, group cohesion and/or allow for predator avoidance. Although studies have identified that various species use this modality, few studies on mammalian taxa have investigated whether the information contained in substrate vibrations is a reliable indicator of resource-holding potential (RHP). The grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, breeding colony at Donna Nook, U.K., is part of a limited geographical region where the Body Slap (BS) behaviour is performed during male–male conflicts. This behaviour is thought to have a mechanical component. We examined whether the magnitude of the BS substrate vibrations contained reliable information on male mass and size as measures of RHP, and whether reliability varied across environmental conditions. To test this, we deployed seismometers during the breeding season that recorded continuous seismic data over a frequency bandwidth of 0.03–500 Hz. Locations and times of BS events performed by individual males were recorded, matched with the seismic data, and a distance-corrected magnitude was calculated for each event. Our results demonstrate the BS generates a stereotyped seismic signature measurable up to 126.3 m away. We found a positive correlation between the maximum and mean magnitudes of the substrate-borne vibrations and a male's length. Dampness of the sand substrate had no effect on magnitude. Results of this study confirm that the maximum magnitude substrate vibrations generated by the BS behaviour is an indicator of male size and that the substrate-borne vibrations are reliable across varying environmental conditions
Boundary element dynamical energy analysis : a versatile method for solving two or three dimensional wave problems in the high frequency limit.

Dynamical energy analysis was recently introduced as a new method for determining the distribution of mechanical and acoustic wave energy in complex built up structures. The technique interpolates between standard statistical energy analysis and full ray tracing, containing both of these methods as limiting cases. As such the applicability of the method is wide ranging and additionally includes the numerical modelling of problems in optics and more generally of linear wave problems in electromagnetics. In this work we consider a new approach to the method with enhanced versatility, enabling three-dimensional problems to be handled in a straightforward manner. The main challenge is the high dimensionality of the problem: we determine the wave energy density both as a function of the spatial coordinate and momentum (or direction) space. The momentum variables are expressed in separable (polar) coordinates facilitating the use of products of univariate basis expansions. However this is not the case for the spatial argument and so we propose to make use of automated mesh generating routines to both localise the approximation, allowing quadrature costs to be kept moderate, and give versatility in the code for different geometric configurations
Dietary modulation of gut microbiota contributes to alleviation of both genetic and simple obesity in children.

Gut microbiota has been implicated as a pivotal contributing factor in diet-related obesity; however, its role in development of disease phenotypes in human genetic obesity such as Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) remains elusive. In this hospitalized intervention trial with PWS (n = 17) and simple obesity (n = 21) children, a diet rich in non-digestible carbohydrates induced significant weight loss and concomitant structural changes of the gut microbiota together with reduction of serum antigen load and alleviation of inflammation. Co-abundance network analysis of 161 prevalent bacterial draft genomes assembled directly from metagenomic datasets showed relative increase of functional genome groups for acetate production from carbohydrates fermentation. NMR-based metabolomic profiling of urine showed diet-induced overall changes of host metabotypes and identified significantly reduced trimethylamine N-oxide and indoxyl sulfate, host-bacteria co-metabolites known to induce metabolic deteriorations. Specific bacterial genomes that were correlated with urine levels of these detrimental co-metabolites were found to encode enzyme genes for production of their precursors by fermentation of choline or tryptophan in the gut. When transplanted into germ-free mice, the pre-intervention gut microbiota induced higher inflammation and larger adipocytes compared with the post-intervention microbiota from the same volunteer. Our multi-omics-based systems analysis indicates a significant etiological contribution of dysbiotic gut microbiota to both genetic and simple obesity in children, implicating a potentially effective target for alleviation
Moisture monitoring in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography.

Systems and methods are described for monitoring temporal and spatial moisture content changes in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging. The methodology is based upon development of a robust relationship between fill resistivity and moisture content and its use in the transformation of resistivity image differences in terms of relative moisture content changes. Moisture level and moisture content movement applications are exemplified using two case histories from the UK. The first is the BIONICS embankment, near Newcastle (NE England), which was constructed in 2005 using varying degrees of compaction of a medium plasticity sandy, silty clay derived from the Durham Till. The second is a Victorian embankment south of Nottingham (Central England), constructed in 1897 using end tipping of Late Triassic siltstone and mudstone taken from local cuttings. Climate change forecasts for the UK suggest that transportation earthworks will be subjected to more sustained, higher temperatures and increased intensity of rainfall. Within the context of preventative geotechnical asset maintenance, ERT imaging can provide a monitoring framework to manage moisture movement and identify failure trigger conditions within embankments, thus supporting on demand inspection scheduling and low cost early interventions
Di-Higgs phenomenology in t¯thh : the forgotten channel.

Searches for multi-Higgs final states allow to constrain parameters of the SM (or extensions thereof) that directly relate to the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking. Multi-Higgs production cross sections, however, are small and the phenomenologically accessible final states are challenging to isolate in the busy multi-jet hadron collider environment of the LHC run 2 and HL-LHC. This makes the necessity to extend the list of potentially observable production mechanisms obvious. Most of the phenomenological analyses in the past have focused on gg→hh +jets; in this paper we study pp →t¯thhat the HL-LHC and find that this channel for h →b¯\ud
band semi-leptonic and hadronic top decays has the potential to provide an additional handle to constrain the Higgs trilinear coupling in a global fit at the end of the high luminosity phase
Density-Matching for Turbomachinery Optimization Under Uncertainty

A monotonic, non-kernel density variant of the density-matching technique for
optimization under uncertainty is developed. The approach is suited for
turbomachinery problems which, by and large, tend to exhibit monotonic
variations in the circumferentially and radially mass-averaged quantities--such
as pressure ratio, efficiency and capacity--with common aleatory turbomachinery
uncertainties. The method is successfully applied to de-sensitize the effect of
an uncertainty in rear-seal leakage flows on the fan stage of a modern jet
engine.Comment: 9 page
N=1 Chern-Simons-matter theory and localization

We consider the most general, classically-conformal, three-dimensional
$\mathcal{N}=1$ Chern-Simons-matter theory with global symmetry $Sp(2)$ and
gauge group $U(N)\times U(N)$. We show that the Lagrangian in the on-shell
formulation of the theory admits one more free parameter as compared to the
theory formulated in off-shell $\mathcal{N}=1$ superspace. The theory on $T^3$
can be formally localized. We partially carry out the localization procedure
for the theory on $T^3$ with periodic boundary conditions. In particular we
show that restricting to the saddle points with vanishing gauge connection
gives a trivial contribution to the partition function, i.e. the bosonic and
fermionic contributions exactly cancel each other.Comment: 35 pages. v2: clarifications and reference added; published versio
Dust Properties in HII Regions in M33

The conversion of the IR emission into star formation rate can be strongly
dependent on the physical properties of the dust, which are affected by the
environmental conditions where the dust is embedded. We study here the dust
properties of a set of HII regions in the Local Group Galaxy M33 presenting
different spatial configurations between the stars, gas and dust to understand
the dust evolution under different environments. We model the SED of each
region using the DustEM tool and obtain the mass relative to hydrogen for Very
Small Grains (YVSG), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (YPAH) and Big Grains
(YBG). The relative mass of the VSGs (YVSG/YTOT) is a factor of 1.7 higher for
HII regions classified as filled and mixed than for regions presenting a shell
structure. The enhancement of VSGs within NGC 604 and NGC 595 is correlated to
expansive gas structures with velocities greater than 50 km/s. The gas-to-dust
ratio derived for the HII regions in our sample exhibits two regimes related to
the HI-H2 transition of the ISM. Regions corresponding to the HI diffuse regime
present a gas-to-dust ratio compatible with the expected value if we assume
that the gas-to-dust ratio scales linearly with metallicity, while regions
corresponding to a H2 molecular phase present a flatter dust-gas surface
density distribution. The fraction of VSGs can be affected by the conditions of
the interstellar environment: strong shocks of 50-90 km/s existing in the
interior of the most luminous HII regions can lead to fragmentation of BGs into
smaller ones, while the more evolved shell and clear shell objects provide a
more quiescent environment where reformation of dust BG grains might occur. The
gas-to-dust variations found in this analysis might imply that grain
coagulation and/or gas-phase metals incorporation to the dust mass is occurring
in the interior of the HII regions in M33.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 29 pages, 16 figure
Symmetric duality for left and right Riemann-Liouville and Caputo
  fractional differences

A discrete version of the symmetric duality of Caputo-Torres, to relate left
and right Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional differences, is considered.
As a corollary, we provide an evidence to the fact that in case of right
fractional differences, one has to mix between nabla and delta operators. As an
application, we derive right fractional summation by parts formulas and left
fractional difference Euler-Lagrange equations for discrete fractional
variational problems whose Lagrangians depend on right fractional differences.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is
  published open access in the 'Arab Journal of Mathematical Sciences' (ISSN:
  1319-5166), available at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmsc.2016.07.001
Evaporation of the planet HD 189733b observed in H I Lyman-α

Copyright © ESO, 2010We observed three transits of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b in H i Lyman-α and in a few other lines in the ultraviolet with HST/ACS, in the search for atmospheric signatures. We detect a transit signature in the Lyman-α light curve with a transit depth of 5.05 ± 0.75%. This depth exceeds the occultation depth produced by the planetary disk alone at the 3.5σ level (statistical). Other stellar emission lines are less bright, and, taken individually, they do not show the transit signature, while the whole spectra redward of the Lyman-α line has enough photons to show a transit signature consistent with the absorption by the planetary disk alone. The transit depth's upper limits in the emission lines are 11.1% for O i λ1305 Å and 5.5% for C ii λ1335 Å lines. The presence of an extended exosphere of atomic hydrogen around HD 189733b producing 5% absorption of the full unresolved Lyman-α line flux shows that the planet is losing gas. The Lyman-α light curve is well-fitted by a numerical simulation of escaping hydrogen in which the planetary atoms are pushed by the stellar radiation pressure. We constrain the escape rate of atomic hydrogen to be between 109 and 1011 g s-1 and the ionizing extreme UV flux between 2 and 40 times the solar value (1-σ), with higher escape rates corresponding to larger EUV flux. The best fit is obtained for dM/dt = 1010 g s-1 and an EUV flux FEUV = 20 times the solar value. HD 189733b is the second extrasolar planet for which atmospheric evaporation has been detected.Agence Nationale pour la RechercheCNES (Centre National d'Études Spatiales)STSc
Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53 949)

General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53 949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10<sup>-6</sup>). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ∼1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10<sup>-17</sup>). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C
SpeX spectroscopy of unresolved very low mass binaries. II. Identification of 14 candidate binaries with late-M/early-L and T dwarf components

Multiplicity is a key statistic for understanding the formation of very low mass (VLM) stars and brown dwarfs. Currently, the separation distribution of VLM binaries remains poorly constrained at small separations (≤1 AU), leading to uncertainty in the overall binary fraction. We approach this problem by searching for late-M/early-L plus T dwarf spectral binaries whose combined light spectra exhibit distinct peculiarities, allowing for separation-independent identification. We define a set of spectral indices designed to identify these systems, and we use a spectral template fitting method to confirm and characterize spectral binary candidates from a library of 815 spectra from the SpeX Prism Spectral Libraries. We present 11 new binary candidates, confirm 3 previously reported candidates, and rule out 2 previously identified candidates, all with primary and secondary spectral types in the range M7-L7 and T1-T8, respectively. We find that subdwarfs and blue L dwarfs are the primary contaminants in our sample and propose a method for segregating these sources. If confirmed by follow-up observations, these systems may add to the growing list of tight separation binaries, whose orbital properties may yield further insight into brown dwarf formation scenarios
Regulation of Stat5 by FAK and PAK1 in Oncogenic FLT3 and KIT driven Leukemogenesis

Oncogenic mutations of FLT3 and KIT receptors are associated with poor survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and currently available drugs are largely ineffective. Although Stat5 has been implicated in regulating several myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, how precisely Stat5 regulates leukemogenesis, including its nuclear translocation to induce gene transcription is poorly understood. In leukemic cells, we show constitutive activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), whose inhibition represses leukemogenesis. Downstream of FAK, activation of Rac1 is regulated by RacGEF Tiam1, whose inhibition prolongs the survival of leukemic mice. Inhibition of the Rac1 effector PAK1 prolongs the survival of leukemic mice in part by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of Stat5. These results reveal a leukemic pathway involving FAK/Tiam1/Rac1/PAK1 and demonstrate an essential role for these signaling molecules in regulating the nuclear translocation of Stat5 in leukemogenesis
Optimized boundary conditions at staircase-shaped coastlines

International audienceA 4D-Var data assimilation technique is applied to a rectangular-box configuration of the NEMO in order to analyze the optimal parametrization of boundary conditions at lateral boundaries. The impact of staircase-shaped coastlines is studied by rotating the model grid around the center of the box. Rotations on 30$^\circ$ and 45$^\circ$ are studied with single and double gyre forcing patterns. It is shown that optimized boundary conditions compensate the errors induced by the staircase-like approximation of the coastline
Self-similarity in a General Aggregation-Fragmentation Problem ; Application to Fitness Analysis

International audienceWe consider the linear growth and fragmentation equation with general coefficients. Under suitable conditions, the first eigenvalue represents the asymptotic growth rate of solutions, also called \emph{fitness} or \emph{Malthus coefficient} in population dynamics ; it is of crucial importance to understand the long-time behaviour of the population. We investigate the dependency of the dominant eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector on the transport and fragmentation coefficients. We show how it behaves asymptotically as transport dominates fragmentation or \emph{vice versa}. For this purpose we perform suitable blow-up analysis of the eigenvalue problem in the limit of small/large growth coefficient (resp. fragmentation coefficient). We exhibit possible non-monotonic dependency on the parameters, conversely to what would have been conjectured on the basis of some simple cases
Charge patch attraction and reentrant condensation in DNA-liposome complexes

We investigated the formation of complexes between cationic liposomes built up by DOTAP and three linear anionic polyions, with different charge density and flexibility, such as a single-stranded ssDNA, a double-stranded dsDNA and the polyacrylate sodium salt [NaPAA] of three different molecular weights. Our aim is to gain further insight into the formation mechanism of polyion-liposome aggregates of different sizes (lipoplexes), by comparing the behavior of DNA with a model polyelectrolyte, such as NaPAA, with approximately the same charge density but with a higher flexibility. We employed dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, in order to explore both the hydrodynamic and structural properties of the aggregates resulting from polyion-liposome interaction and to present a comprehensive picture of the complexation process. The phenomenology can be summarized in a charge ratio-dependent scenario, where the main feature is the formation of large equilibrium clusters due to the aggregation of intact polyion-coated vesicles. At increasing polyion-liposome ratio, the size of the clusters continuously increases, reaching a maximum at a welldefined value of this ratio, and then decreases ("reentrant" condensation). The aggregation mechanism and the role of the polyion charge density in the complex formation are discussed in the light of the recent theories on the correlated adsorption of polyelectrolytes at charged interfaces. Within this framework, the phenomena of charge inversion and the reentrant condensation, peaked at the isoelectric point, finds a simple explanation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved
Mutations causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 lie in a large VNTR in MUC1 missed by massively parallel sequencing

Although genetic lesions responsible for some mendelian disorders can be rapidly discovered through massively parallel sequencing of whole genomes or exomes, not all diseases readily yield to such efforts. We describe the illustrative case of the simple mendelian disorder medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 (MCKD1), mapped more than a decade ago to a 2-Mb region on chromosome 1. Ultimately, only by cloning, capillary sequencing and de novo assembly did we find that each of six families with MCKD1 harbors an equivalent but apparently independently arising mutation in sequence markedly under-represented in massively parallel sequencing data: the insertion of a single cytosine in one copy (but a different copy in each family) of the repeat unit comprising the extremely long (similar to 1.5-5 kb), GC-rich (>80%) coding variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequence in the MUC1 gene encoding mucin 1. These results provide a cautionary tale about the challenges in identifying the genes responsible for mendelian, let alone more complex, disorders through massively parallel sequencing
Herschel ATLAS : the cosmic star formation history of quasar host galaxies

We present a derivation of the star formation rate per comoving volume of quasar host galaxies, derived from stacking analyses of far-infrared to mm-wave photometry of quasars with redshifts 0 z 6 and absolute I-band magnitudes -22 > I-AB > -32 We use the science demonstration observations of the first similar to 16 deg(2) from the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) in which there are 240 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and a further 171 from the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) survey. We supplement this data with a compilation of data from IRAS, ISO, Spitzer, SCUBA and MAMBO. H-ATLAS alone statistically detects the quasars in its survey area at > 5 sigma at 250, 350 and 500 mu m. From the compilation as a whole we find striking evidence of downsizing in quasar host galaxy formation: low-luminosity quasars with absolute magnitudes in the range -22 > I-AB > -24 have a comoving star formation rate (derived from 100 mu m rest-frame luminosities) peaking between redshifts of 1 and 2, while high-luminosity quasars with I-AB -26 have a maximum contribution to the star formation density at z similar to 3. The volume-averaged star formation rate of -22 > IAB > -24 quasars evolves as (1 + z)(2.3 +/- 0.7) at z 2, but the evolution at higher luminosities is much faster reaching (1 + z)(10 +/- 1) at -26 > I-AB > -28. We tentatively interpret this as a combination of a declining major merger rate with time and gas consumption reducing fuel for both black hole accretion and star formation