pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Automatic summarization of rushes video using bipartite graphs

In this paper we present a new approach for automatic summarization of rushes video. Our approach is composed of three main steps. First, based on a temporal segmentation, we filter sub-shots with low information content not likely to be useful in a summary. Second, a method using maximal matching in a bipartite graph is adapted to measure similarity between the remaining shots and to minimize inter-shot redundancy by removing repetitive retake shots common in rushes content. Finally, the presence of faces and the motion intensity are characterised in each sub-shot. A measure of how representative the sub-shot is in the context of the overall video is then proposed. Video summaries composed of keyframe slideshows are then generated. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach we re-run the evaluation carried out by the TREC, using the same dataset and evaluation metrics used in the TRECVID video summarization task in 2007 but with our own assessors. Results show that our approach leads to a significant improvement in terms of the fraction of the TRECVID summary ground truth included and is competitive with other approaches in TRECVID 2007
Division of labour and sharing of knowledge for synchronous collaborative information retrieval

Synchronous collaborative information retrieval (SCIR) is concerned with supporting two or more users who search together at the same time in order to satisfy a shared information need. SCIR systems represent a paradigmatic shift in the way we view information retrieval, moving from an individual to a group process and as such the development of novel IR techniques is needed to support this. In this article we present what we believe are two key concepts for the development of effective SCIR namely division of labour (DoL) and sharing of knowledge (SoK). Together these concepts enable coordinated SCIR such that redundancy across group members is reduced whilst enabling each group member to benefit from the discoveries of their collaborators. In this article we outline techniques from state-of-the-art SCIR systems which support these two concepts, primarily through the provision of awareness widgets. We then outline some of our own work into system-mediated techniques for division of labour and sharing of knowledge in SCIR. Finally we conclude with a discussion on some possible future trends for these two coordination techniques
Ontology transformation and reasoning for model-driven architecture

Model-driven Architecture (MDA) is a software architecture\ud
framework proposed by the Object Management Group OMG. MDA\ud
emphasises the importance of modelling in the architectural design of service-based software systems. Ontologies can enhance the modelling aspects here. We present ontology-based transformation and reasoning techniques for a layered, MDA-based modelling approach. Different ontological\ud
frameworks shall support domain modelling, architectural modelling and interoperability. Ontologies are beneficial due to their potential to formally define and automate transformations and to allow reasoning about models at all stages. Ontologies are suitable in particular for the Web Services platform due to their ubiquity within the Semantic Web and their application to support semantic Web services
A change in the transportation needs today, a better future for tomorrow – climate change review

No sooner than later, the world will be living hell as a result of the transportation effects on our climate now escalating. The pressure is now growing towards their resultant effects to be totally eradicated in order to save our planet otherwise, the stabilisation of these effects; global warming, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and degradation will need to be sought after. The world all over is at it now in an effort to restore our climate, to save it from the effects of these catastrophes/disasters.\ud
\ud
On the proposition of the Kyoto Protocol in1997, the main focus was to decrease greenhouse emissions of mainly six gases – Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride, Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) and  Per fluorinated Compounds (PFCs). And transport alone, accounts for over 26% of global CO2 and has been regarded as one of the few industrial sectors wherein emissions are still on the increase, on this basis, researchers and policy makers are all at it to tackle the menace of climate changes through provision of sustainable transport. \ud
This paper focuses on the new and developed technologies like the renewable energy source [RES], which will be an alternative to transport fuels to avoid the dependence on petroleum which after effects are damaging to the world climate, and may probably not be there forever to continue serving the world ever increasing population. While the long term solutions are being sought, these alternatives will make do for now
Semantically smoothed refinement for everyday concept indexing

Instead of occurring independently, semantic concepts pairs tend to co-occur within a single image and it is intuitive that concept detection accuracy for visual concepts can be enhanced if concept correlation can be leveraged in some way. In everyday concept detection for visual lifelogging using wearable cameras to automatically record every- day activities, the captured images usually have a diversity of concepts which challenges the performance of concept detection. In this paper a semantically smoothed refinement algorithm is proposed using concept correlations which exploit topic-related concept relationships, modeled externally in a user experiment rather than extracted from training data. Results for initial concept detection are factorized based on semantic smoothness and adjusted in compliance with the extracted concept correlations. Refinement performance is demonstrated in experiments to show the effectiveness of our algorithm and the extracted correlations
Geometry and transport in a model of two coupled quadratic nonlinear waveguides

This paper applies geometric methods developed to understand chaos and transport in Hamiltonian systems to the study of power distribution in nonlinear waveguide arrays. The specific case of two linearly coupled  X(2)  waveguides is modeled and analyzed in terms of transport and geometry in the phase space. This gives us a transport problem in the phase space resulting from the coupling of the two Hamiltonian systems for each waveguide. In particular, the effect of the presence of partial and complete barriers in the phase space on the transfer of intensity between the waveguides is studied, given a specific input and range of material properties. We show how these barriers break down as the coupling between the waveguides is increased and what the role of resonances in the phase space has in this. We also show how an increase in the coupling can lead to chaos and global transport and what effect this has on the intensity
On the production of N-2(+) ions at the N 1s edge of the nitrogen molecule

The N+2 ion yield of the N2 molecule has been measured at the N 1s → Rydberg excitations. It displays Fano-type line shapes due to interference between direct outer-valence photoionization and participator decay of the core-excited Rydberg states. The N+2 ion yield is compared with the total intensity of the outer-valence photoelectron lines obtained recently with electron spectroscopy (Kivimäki et al 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 012516). The increasing difference between the two curves at the higher core-to-Rydberg excitations is most likely due to soft x-ray emission processes that are followed by autoionization. The results also suggest that resonant Auger decay from the core–valence doubly excited states contributes to the N+2 ion yield at the photon energies that are located on both sides of the N 1s ionization limit
Probabilistic reasoning with an enzyme-driven DNA device

We present a biomolecular probabilistic model driven by the action of a DNA toolbox made of a set of DNA templates and enzymes that is able to perform Bayesian inference. The model will take single-stranded DNA as input data, representing the presence or absence of a specific molecular signal (the evidence). The program logic uses different DNA templates and their relative concentration ratios to encode the prior probability of a disease and the conditional probability of a signal given the disease. When the input and program molecules interact, an enzyme-driven cascade of reactions (DNA polymerase extension, nicking and degradation) is triggered, producing a different pair of single-stranded DNA species. Once the system reaches equilibrium, the ratio between the output species will represent the application of Bayes? law: the conditional probability of the disease given the signal. In other words, a qualitative diagnosis plus a quantitative degree of belief in that diagno- sis. Thanks to the inherent amplification capability of this DNA toolbox, the resulting system will be able to to scale up (with longer cascades and thus more input signals) a Bayesian biosensor that we designed previously
On the localization of the personalized PageRank of complex networks

In this paper new results on personalized PageRank are shown. We consider directed graphs that may contain dangling nodes. The main result presented gives an analytical characterization of all the possible values of the personalized PageRank for any node.We use this result to give a theoretical justification of a recent model that uses the personalized PageRank to classify users of Social Networks Sites. We introduce new concepts concerning competitivity and leadership in complex networks. We also present some theoretical techniques to locate leaders and competitors which are valid for any personalization vector and by using only information related to the adjacency matrix of the graph and the distribution of its dangling nodes
Determination of the species generated in atmospheric-pressure laser-induced plasmas by mass spectometry techniques

We present temporal information obtained by mass spectrometry techniques about the evolution of plasmas generated by laser filamentation in air. The experimental setup used in this work allowed us to study not only the dynamics of the filament core but also of the energy reservoir that surrounds it. Furthermore, valuable insights about the chemistry of such systems like the photofragmentation and/or formation of molecules were obtained. The interpretation of the experimental results are supported by PIC simulations
Versatile virtual honeynet management framework

Honeypots are designed to investigate malicious behavior. Each type of homogeneous honeypot system has its own\ud
characteristics in respect of specific security functionality, and also suffers functional drawbacks that restrict its application scenario. In practical scenarios, therefore, security researchers always need to apply heterogeneous honeypots to cope with different attacks. However, there is a lack of general tools or platforms that can support versatile honeynet deployment in order to investigate the malicious behavior. In this study, the authors propose a versatile virtual honeynet management tool to address this problem. It is a flexible tool that offers security researchers the versatility to deploy various types of honeypots. It can also generate and manage the virtual honeynet through a dynamic configuration approach adapting to the mutable network environment. The experimental results demonstrate that this tool is effective to perform automated honeynet deployment toward a variety of heterogeneous honeypots
Prediction in General Relativity

Several authors have claimed that prediction is essentially impossible in the general theory of relativity, the case being particularly strong, it is said, when one fully considers the epistemic predicament of the observer. Each of these claims rests on the support of an underdetermination argument and a particular interpretation of the concept of prediction. I argue that these underdetermination arguments fail and depend on an implausible explication of prediction in the theory. The technical results adduced in these arguments can be related to certain epistemic issues, but can only be misleadingly or mistakenly characterized as related to prediction
Softening-up mannan-rich cell walls

The softening and degradation of the cell wall (CW), often mannan enriched, is involved in several processes during development of higher plants, such as meristematic growth, fruit ripening, programmed cell death, and endosperm rupture upon germination. Mannans are also the predominant hemicellulosic CW polymers in many genera of green algae. The endosperm CWs of dry seeds often contain mannan polymers, sometimes in the form of galactomannans (Gal-mannans). The endo-beta-mannanases (MANs) that catalyse the random hydrolysis of the beta-linkage in the mannan backbone are one of the main hydrolytic enzymes involved in the loosening and remodelling of CWs. In germinating seeds, the softening of the endosperm seed CWs facilitates the emergence of the elongating radicle. Hydrolysis and mobilization of endosperm Gal-mannans by MANs also provides a source of nutrients for early seedling growth, since Gal-mannan, besides its structural role, serves as a storage polysaccharide. Therefore, the role of mannans and of their hydrolytic enzymes is decisive in the life cycle of seeds. This review updates and discusses the significance of mannans and MANs in seeds and explores the increasing biotechnological potential of MAN enzymes
Ab initio calculations of Ca III Stark broadening parameters,transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes

We have determined matrix elements for all experimental configurations of Ca III, including\ud
 the 3s3p63d configuration. These values have been obtained using intermediate coupling (IC).\ud
 For these IC calculations, we have used the standard method of least-squares fitting from\ud
 the experimental energy levels, using the computer code developed by Robert Cowan. In this\ud
 paper, using these matrix elements, we report the calculated values of the Ca III Stark widths\ud
 and shifts for 148 spectral lines, of 56 Ca III spectral line transition probabilities and of eight\ud
 radiative lifetimes of Ca III levels. The Stark widths and shifts, calculated using the Griem\ud
 semi-empirical approach, correspond to the spectral lines of Ca III and are presented for an\ud
 electron density of 1017 cm?3 and temperatures T = 1.0?10.0 (×104 K). The theoretical trends\ud
 of the Stark broadening parameter versus the temperature are presented for transitions that\ud
 are of astrophysical interest. There is good agreement between our calculations, for transition\ud
 probabilities and radiative lifetimes, and the experimental values presented in the literature.\ud
 We have not been able to find any values for the Stark parameters in the references
Structure and molecular dynamics of multilayered polycarbonate/polystyrene films.

The definitive version is available at www3.interscience.wiley.com : 

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.36567/abstractMultilayered film polycarbonate/polystyrene (PC/PS) comprising 257 layers with total thickness 125 m was made by coextrusion process. The nominal thickness of PC layers was 680 nm, and the nominal thickness of PS layers was 290 nm. Additionally the control samples of PC and PS with the thickness of 125 m were coextruded in the same way. There was reasonably good correlation between the PC and PS layers real thickness as measured by AFM and the estimated thickness determined from the processing parameters. Significant shift of glass transition temperature is observed in multilayer film: for PS component towards higher temperature while PC still being glassy and for PC towards lower temperature while PS being in rubbery phase.  
In order to investigate the amplitude and geometry of fast segmental motions, the LG-CP NMR technique under fast magic-angle spinning was used. 2D 13C – 1H LG-CP spectra of PC, PS and PC/PS 70/30 were recorded at various temperatures. Cross sections of aromatic carbons spectra show us the influence of PC on PS and vice versa. It gives us also the information about PS and PC segmental motion as a function of temperature: above the glass transition temperature of PS, the PC component of a multilayer film, although still being in glassy state, becomes more flexible
An extended ontology-based context model and manipulation calculus for dynamic web service processes

Services are oered in an execution context that is determined by how a provider provisions the service and how the user consumes it. The need for more  exibility requires the provisioning and consumption aspects to be addressed at runtime. We propose an ontology-based context model providing a framework for service provisioning and consumption aspects and techniques for managing context constraints for Web service processes where dynamic context concerns can be monitored and validated at service process run-time.\ud
We discuss the contextualization of dynamically relevant\ud
aspects of Web service processes as our main goal, i.e. capture aspects in an extended context model. The technical contributions of this paper are a context model ontology for dynamic service contexts and an operator calculus for integrated and coherent context manipulation, composition and reasoning. The context model ontology formalizes dynamic aspects of Web services and facilitates reasoning. We present the context ontology in terms of four core dimensions - functional, QoS, domain and platform - which are internally interconnected
Improving the analysis of road pricing acceptability surveys by using hybrid models

Several international studies have analyzed the acceptability of road pricing schemes by means of an attitude survey in combination with the results of a stated choice experiment using both a descriptive analysis and a discrete-choice model with binary choice (?accept? or ?not accept? the toll). However, the use of hybrid discrete choice models constitutes an innovative alternative for integrating subjective attitudes and perceptions deriving from the survey of attitudes with the more objective variables from the stated choice experiment. This paper analyzes the results of applying these models to measure the acceptability of interurban road pricing among different groups of stakeholders (road freight and passenger operators, highway concessionaires, and associations of private car users) with qualitatively significant opinions on road pricing measures. Our results show that hybrid models are better suited to explaining the acceptability of a road pricing scheme by different groups of stakeholders than a separate analysis of the survey of attitudes and a discrete-choice model applied on a stated choice experiment. A particular finding was that the strong psycho-social latent variable of the perception of fairness explains the rejection or acceptance of a toll scheme by road stakeholders
Regulating global shipping corporations' accountability for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the seas

Up until the recent oil and commodity price crash in 2015, there has been exponential growth in global shipping and trade, and this increase means that prompt action is required to reduce vessel-sourced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Future projections suggest that maritime CO2 emissions will increase substantially by between 50% and 250%. However, there is currently no international instrument holding global shipping corporations accountable for their vessels' performance in emissions reduction. This article critically assesses the current accountability practices and regulations in place for these corporations. It suggests that stakeholders in this industry need to further explore the market based mechanisms (MBMs) that can encourage and even demand that these corporations systematically disclose their vessels' emissions reduction performance in an accurate and timely manner. Developing such mechanisms is vital to assist in the reduction of GHG emissions since a comprehensive international instrument is unlikely to be implemented soon
Spatial vs. non-spatial transboundary pollution control in a class of cooperative and non-cooperative dynamic games

We analyze a transboundary pollution differential game where, in addition to the standard temporal dimension, a spatial dimension is introduced to capture the geographical relationships among regions. Each region behaves strategically and maximizes its welfare net of environmental damage caused by the pollutant stock. The emission-output ratio is reduced by investment in region specific clean technology which evolves over time. The spatio-temporal dynamics of the pollutant stock is described by a parabolic partial differential equation. Using aggregate variables we study the feedback Nash equilibrium of a discrete- space model which could be seen as a space discretization of the continuous-space model. The discrete- space model presents the three main features of the original formulation: the model is truly dynamic; the agents behave strategically; and the model incorporates spatial aspects. For special functional forms previously used in the literature we analytically characterize the feedback Nash equilibrium and evaluate the impact of the introduction of the spatial dimension in the economic-environmental model. We show that our spatial model is a generalization of the model that disregards the spatial aspects. We analytically show that as the parameter describing how pollution diffuses among regions tends to infinity the equilibrium policies converge to those in the non-spatial setting. In the non-cooperative framework the spatially non-myopic behavior prescribes lower equilibrium emission rates, and consequently a lower global pollution stock. This is compatible with greater long-run welfares. In the cooperative framework, although the strategic interaction among the players does not exist, the only decision-maker still makes spatially strategic decisions.MINECO/AEI    Projects MTM2016-78995-P, ECO2014-52343-P, ECO2017-82227-PJunta de Castilla y León, Projects VA024P17 and VA105G1
Characterizing the spatial variability of groundwater quality using the entropy theory: II. Case study from Gaza Strip

This paper, the second in the series, uses the entropy theory to describe the spatial variability of groundwater quality data sets. The application of the entropy theory is illustrated using the chloride observations obtained from a network of groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The application involves calculating information measures, such as transinformation, the information transfer index and the correlation coefficient. These measures are calculated using a discrete approach, in which contingency tables are used. An exponential decay fitting approach was applied to the discrete models. The analysis shows that transinformation, as a function of distance, can be represented by the exponential decay curve. It also indicates that, for the data used in this study, the transinformation model is superior to the correlation model for characterizing the spatial variability. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.146
Understanding Chemical Reactivity: The Case for Atom, Proton and Methyl Transfers

The concept of ldquochemical reactivityrdquo assumes that atoms and molecules contain the necessary information to describe their evolution over time as they transform from reactants to products. This concept was useful in the past to rationalize reactivity trends and predict the behavior of new systems. Free-energy relationships have played a central role in this field. However, electronic effects often counter the energetic effects and give rise to ldquoanomaliesrdquo or separate correlations. We discuss a quantification of the concept of ldquochemical reactivityrdquo, emphasizing the role of molecular and electronic factors in Chemistry.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20070198