pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Möbius function of separable and decomposable permutations☆☆Jelínek and Steingrímsson were supported by grant No. 090038012 from the Icelandic Research Fund. Jelínek was also supported by grant Z130-N13 from the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF). Jelínková was supported by project 1M0021620838 of the Czech Ministry of Education.

AbstractWe give a recursive formula for the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] in the poset of permutations ordered by pattern containment in the case where π is a decomposable permutation, that is, consists of two blocks where the first one contains all the letters 1,2,…,k for some k. This leads to many special cases of more explicit formulas. It also gives rise to a computationally efficient formula for the Möbius function in the case where σ and π are separable permutations. A permutation is separable if it can be generated from the permutation 1 by successive sums and skew sums or, equivalently, if it avoids the patterns 2413 and 3142.We also show that the Möbius function in the poset of separable permutations admits a combinatorial interpretation in terms of normal embeddings among permutations. A consequence of this interpretation is that the Möbius function of an interval [σ,π] of separable permutations is bounded by the number of occurrences of σ as a pattern in π. Another consequence is that for any separable permutation π the Möbius function of (1,π) is either 0, 1 or −1
Multisensory context portends object memory

SummaryMultisensory processes facilitate perception of currently-presented stimuli and can likewise enhance later object recognition. Memories for objects originally encountered in a multisensory context can be more robust than those for objects encountered in an exclusively visual or auditory context [1], upturning the assumption that memory performance is best when encoding and recognition contexts remain constant [2]. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to provide the first evidence for direct links between multisensory brain activity at one point in time and subsequent object discrimination abilities. Across two experiments we found that individuals showing a benefit and those impaired during later object discrimination could be predicted by their brain responses to multisensory stimuli upon their initial encounter. These effects were observed despite the multisensory information being meaningless, task-irrelevant, and presented only once. We provide critical insights into the advantages associated with multisensory interactions; they are not limited to the processing of current stimuli, but likewise encompass the ability to determine the benefit of one’s memories for object recognition in later, unisensory contexts
Unconfined Aquifer Vulnerability Related to Topical Pollution– Montes Torozos (Spain)

AbstractIn this paper it is shown the vulnerability modelfitted to the unconfined aquiferof MontesTorozos (Spain). The most dangerous elements were taken under consideration (e.g. Hydrocarbons, explosives, radioactive materials). The identification of their source location and the transportation of dangerous goods across them has been the starting point of this study.The simulations took into consideration the connection between the capitalof the province (Valladolid) to Villanubla airport and between Valladolid to the electrical transformer substation, located in the south-west edge of the hydrogeological unit of the Montes Torozos
Combined U-Pb SHRIMP and Hf isotope study of the Late Paleozoic Yaminué Complex, Rio Negro Province, Argentina: Implications for the origin and evolution of the Patagonia composite terrane

AbstractWe have carried out zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating and Hf isotope determinations on a biotite paraschist and on a tonalitic orthogneiss of the Yaminué Complex, and re-evaluate this complex in the broader context of the tectonic evolution of the Patagonia composite terrane. In the metasedimentary unit (msuYC), the youngest detrital zircon dated at 318 ± 5 Ma (Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary) indicates a Pennsylvanian (or younger) depositional age. The three main age populations peak at 474, 454 and 374 Ma. Preliminary Hf isotope data for two detrital zircons (447 and 655 Ma) yielded ε(Hf) values of −0.32 and 0.48, indicating that their primary sources contained small amounts of recycled crustal components (of Calymmian age; TDM 1.56 Ga). Zircons from the orthogneiss (miuYC; intrusive into msuYC) show a crystallization age of 261.3 ± 2.7 Ma (Capitanian; late middle Permian) which is broadly coeval with deformation, and Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic inheritance. Meaningful core-rim relationship between Neoarchean zircon cores and late Permian rims is well defined, indicating the occurrence of Archean crust in this sector of Patagonia. Hf TDM of Permian zircons is mainly Meso-Paleoarchean (2.97–3.35 Ga), with highly negative ε(Hf) values (ca. −33). Hf TDM of inherited Neoarchean zircon cores is also Meso-Paleoarchean (3.14–3.45 Ga) but more juvenile (ε(Hf) = −0.3). Hf isotopes reinforce the presence of unexposed ancient crust in this area.Combining geological and isotope data, as well as geophysical models, we identify the Yaminué Complex within the La Esperanza-Yaminué crustal block flanked by two other, distinct crustal blocks: the Eastern block which forms part of the Patagonia terrane sensu stricto, located in the eastern Patagonian region, and the Western block forming part of the Southern Patagonia terrane. Their origins and timing of amalgamation to form the Patagonia composite terrane are also discussed
Computational modeling of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in obesity: Impact of head fat and dose guidelines

AbstractRecent studies show that acute neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can decrease food craving, attentional bias to food, and actual food intake. These data suggest potential clinical applications for tDCS in the field of obesity. However, optimal stimulation parameters in obese individuals are uncertain. One fundamental concern is whether a thick, low-conductivity layer of subcutaneous fat around the head can affect current density distribution and require dose adjustments during tDCS administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of head fat on the distribution of current during tDCS and evaluate whether dosing standards for tDCS developed for adult individuals in general are adequate for the obese population. We used MRI-derived high-resolution computational models that delineated fat layers in five human heads from subjects with body mass index (BMI) ranging from “normal-lean” to “super-obese” (20.9 to 53.5kg/m2). Data derived from these simulations suggest that head fat influences tDCS current density across the brain, but its relative contribution is small when other components of head anatomy are added. Current density variability between subjects does not appear to have a direct and/or simple link to BMI. These results indicate that guidelines for the use of tDCS can be extrapolated to obese subjects without sacrificing efficacy and/or treatment safety; the recommended standard parameters can lead to the delivery of adequate current flow to induce neuromodulation of brain activity in the obese population
Hydrodynamics of the Dirac spectrum

AbstractWe discuss a hydrodynamical description of the eigenvalues of the Dirac spectrum in even dimensions in the vacuum and in the large N (volume) limit. The linearized hydrodynamics supports sound waves. The hydrodynamical relaxation of the eigenvalues is captured by a hydrodynamical (tunneling) minimum configuration which follows from a pertinent form of Euler equation. The relaxation from a phase of unbroken chiral symmetry to a phase of broken chiral symmetry occurs over a time set by the speed of sound
Gaia Data Release 1. Testing the parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR
  Lyrae stars

Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids and 364 RR Lyrae
stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are
published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric
Solution (TGAS). In order to test these first parallax measurements of the
primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, that involve
astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation,
we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity
($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids
and infrared $PL$, $PL$-metallicity ($PLZ$) and optical luminosity-metallicity
($M_V$-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on
TGAS. The new relations were computed using multi-band
($V,I,J,K_{\mathrm{s}},W_{1}$) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances
available in the literature, and applying three alternative approaches: (i) by
linear least squares fitting the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct
transformation of the TGAS parallaxes, (ii) by adopting astrometric-based
luminosities, and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. TGAS parallaxes
bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The
relations presented in this paper represent first Gaia-calibrated relations and
form a "work-in-progress" milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes
of which a first solution will become available with Gaia's Data Release 2
(DR2) in 2018.Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by A&
Seeing beyond 2020 : an economic evaluation of contemporary and emerging strategies for elimination of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Trypanosoma brucei (T b) gambiense is targeted to reach elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and full elimination by 2030. To achieve these goals, stakeholders need to consider strategies to accelerate elimination. Hence, we aimed to model several options related to current and emerging methods for case detection, treatment, and vector control across settings to assess cost-effectiveness and the probability of elimination.; Five intervention strategies were modelled over 30 years for low, moderate, and high transmission settings. Model parameters related to costs, efficacy, and transmission were based on available evidence and parameter estimation. Outcomes included disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), costs, and long-term prevalence. Sensitivity analyses were done to calculate the uncertainty of the results.; To reach elimination targets for 2020 across all settings, approaches combining case detection, treatment, and vector control would be most effective. Elimination in high and moderate transmission areas was probable and cost-effective when strategies included vector control and novel methods, with incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranging from US$400 to $1500 per DALY averted. In low transmission areas, approaches including the newest interventions alone or in combination with tiny targets (vector control) were cost-effective, with ICERs of $200 or $1800 per DALY averted, respectively, but only strategies including vector control were likely to lead to elimination. Results of sensitivity analyses showed that allowing for biennial surveillance, reducing vector control maintenance costs, or variations of active surveillance coverage could also be cost-effective options for elimination, depending on the setting.; Although various strategies might lead to elimination of T b gambiense, cost-effective approaches will include adoption of emerging technologies and, in some settings, increased surveillance or implementation of vector control.; Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation
When Economics Meets Arts... in the Classroom

The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities for the use of art as an educational resource to stimulate creativity in the teaching of Economics. The need to promote skill development to encourage reflection, critical analysis, imagination, interpretation of reality, the anticipation of change, the seeking of alternatives, etc. is essential in this area of knowledge. The analysis of the use of art as an educational tool through a classroom experience shows the opportunities offered by this approach, although the extent of its use in university education in non-artistic materials is still very low
Search for R-parity violating decays of a top squark in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV

The results of a search for a supersymmetric partner of the top quark (top squark), pair-produced in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV, are presented. The search, which focuses on R-parity violating, chargino-mediated decays of the top squark, is performed in final states with low missing transverse momentum, two oppositely charged electrons or muons, and at least five jets. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are found to be in agreement with the standard model expectation, and upper limits are placed on the top squark pair production cross section at 95% confidence level. Assuming a 100% branching fraction for the top squark decay chain, t˜→tχ˜1 ±,χ˜1 ±→ℓ±+jj, top squark masses less than 890 (1000) GeV for the electron (muon) channel are excluded for the first time in models with a single nonzero R-parity violating coupling λijk ′ (i,j,k≤2), where i,j,k correspond to the three generations.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Labour market dynamics in Spanish regions: Evaluating asymmetries in troublesome times

The Spanish labour market disproportionately booms in expansions and bursts in recessions; meanwhile, its regions' relative position persists: those with the highest unemployment rates in 1996 were also in the worse position in 2012. To examine this twofold feature, we apply Blanchard and Katz's (Brookings Pap Econ Act 1:1 - 75, 1992) methodology and evaluate how the Spanish labour market reacts to regional employment shocks in a variety of cases. Shock responses are channelled via changes in unemployment, labour market participation, and spatial mobility. Our results provide evidence of asymmetric responses across business cycle phases (1996 - 2007 and 2008 - 2012). While changes in participation rates are the main adjustment mechanism in expansion, unemployment and spatial mobility become the central ones in recession. We also provide evidence of real wage rigidities in both periods, due to rigidities in both nominal wages and consumer prices. We conclude with a cluster analysis showing that high and low unemployment regions have similar responses in the short-run while, in the long-run, the former are more reactive in terms of spatial mobility. Overall, we provide evidence that people in a region are more willing to migrate (relative to the national average) when a regional shock occurs in relatively worse economic contexts
Linking Reputations through Umbrella Branding

This paper develops a theory of umbrella branding as a way to link the reputations of otherwise unrelated products. My analysis predicts that umbrella branding can credibly signal positive correlation between the qualities of the included products to consumers, but cannot certify high quality or signal negative quality correlation. Moreover, whenever umbrella branding signals perfect positive quality correlation, firms that already sell a high (low) quality product have stronger (weaker) incentives to invest in developing another high quality product than new entrants.
HER2 induced EMT and tumorigenicity in breast epithelial progenitor cells is inhibited by coexpression of EGFR

The members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase family are important players in breast morphogenesis and cancer. EGFR2/HER2 and EGFR expression have a prognostic value in certain subtypes of breast cancer such as HER2-amplified, basal-like and luminal type B. Many clinically approved small molecular inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies have been designed to target HER2, EGFR or both. There is, however, still limited knowledge on how the two receptors are expressed in normal breast epithelium, what effects they have on cellular differentiation and how they participate in neoplastic transformation. D492 is a breast epithelial cell line with stem cell properties that can undergo epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT), generate luminal-and myoepithelial cells and form complex branching structures in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Here, we show that overexpression of HER2 in D492 (D492(HER2)) resulted in EMT, loss of contact growth inhibition and increased oncogenic potential in vivo. HER2 overexpression, furthermore, inhibited endogenous EGFR expression. Re-introducing EGFR in D492(HER2) (D492(HER2/EGFR)) partially reversed the mesenchymal state of the cells, as an epithelial phenotype reappeared both in 3D cultures and in vivo. The D492(HER2/EGFR) xenografts grow slower than the D492HER2 tumors, while overexpression of EGFR alone (D492(EGFR)) was not oncogenic in vivo. Consistent with the EGFR-mediated epithelial phenotype, overexpression of EGFR drove the cells toward a myoepithelial phenotype in 3D culture. The effect of two clinically approved anti-HER2 and EGFR therapies, trastuzumab and cetuximab, was tested alone and in combination on D492HER2 xenografts. While trastuzumab had a growth inhibitory effect compared with untreated control, the effect of cetuximab was limited. When administered in combination, the growth inhibitory effect of trastuzumab was less pronounced. Collectively, our data indicate that in HER2-overexpressing D492 cells, EGFR can behave as a tumor suppressor, by pushing the cells towards epithelial differentiation.his work was supported from Landspitali University Hospital Science Fund, University of Iceland Research Fund, Science and Technology Policy Council Research Fund and Grant of Excellence, 'Gongum saman', a supporting group for breast cancer research in Iceland. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. We are grateful to Petros Gebregziabher and Alexandr Kristian for advicing on and performing the in vivo experiments.Peer Reviewe
Assessment of oxidative visible light and UV active photocatalysts by hydroxyl radical quantification

This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Project number EP/K036769/1), Robert Gordon University’s IDEAS PhD studentship and Queen’s University Belfast’s PhD studentship.A simple method for determining hydroxyl radical yields on semiconductor photocatalysts is highly desirable, especially when comparing different photocatalyst materials. This paper reports the screening of a selection of visible light active photocatalysts such as Pt-C3N4, 5% LaCr doped SrTiO3, Sr0.95Cr0.05TiO3 and Yellow TiO2 and compares them against WO3 and ultra violet (UV) light activated TiO2 P25 (standard commercial catalysts) based on their oxidative strengths (OH radical producing capability) using a well-studied chemical probe − coumarin. 7-hydroxycoumarin, the only fluorescent hydroxylation product of this reaction can then be measured to indirectly quantify the OH radicals produced. P25 under UV light produced the highest concentration of OH radicals (16.9 μM), followed by WO3 (0.56 μM) and Pt-C3N4 (0.25 μM). The maximum OH radical production rate for P25, WO3 and Pt-C3N4 were also determined and found to be 35.6 μM/hr, 0.28 μM/hr and 0.88 μM/hr respectively. The other visible light activated photocatalysts did not produce any OH radicals primarily as a result of their electronic structure. Furthermore, it was concluded that, if any visible light absorbing photocatalysts are to be fabricated in future for the purpose of photocatalytic oxidation, their OH radical producing rates (and quantities) should be determined and compared to P25.PostprintPeer reviewe
Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

The differential cross section for inclusive particle production as a function of energy in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is measured in the very forward region of the CMS detector. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS apparatus at the LHC, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.34 μb−1. The energy is measured in the CASTOR calorimeter, which covers the pseudorapidity region −6.6 < η < −5.2. The results are given as a function of the total energy deposited in CASTOR, as well as of its electromagnetic and hadronic components. The spectra are sensitive to the modeling of multiparton interactions in pp collisions, and provide new constraints for hadronic interaction models used in collider and in high energy cosmic ray physics
Women, Weather, and Woes: The Triangular Dynamics of Female-Headed Households, Economic Vulnerability, and Climate Variability in South Africa

Existing gender inequality is believed to be heightened as a result of weather events and climate-related disasters that are likely to become more common in the future. We show that an already marginalized group-female-headed households in South Africa-is differentially affected by relatively modest levels of variation in rainfall, which households experience on a year-to-year basis. Data from three waves of the National Income Dynamics Survey in South Africa allow us to follow incomes of 4,162 households from 2006 to 2012. By observing how household income is affected by variation in rainfall relative to what is normally experienced during the rainy season in each district, our study employs a series of naturally occurring experiments that allow us to identify causal effects. We find that households where a single head can be identified based on residency or work status are more vulnerable to climate variability than households headed by two adults. Single male-headed households are more vulnerable because of lower initial earnings and, to a lesser extent, other household characteristics that contribute to economic disadvantages. However, this can only explain some of the differential vulnerability of female-headed households. This suggests that there are traits specific to female-headed households, such as limited access to protective social networks or other coping strategies, which makes this an important dimension of marginalization to consider for further research and policy in South Africa and other national contexts. Households headed by widows, never-married women, and women with a non-resident spouse (e.g., "left-behind" migrant households) are particularly vulnerable. We find vulnerable households only in districts where rainfall has a large effect on agricultural yields, and female-headed households remain vulnerable when accounting for dynamic impacts of rainfall on income
Matrix supergroup Chern-Simons models for vortex-antivortex systems

We study a $U(N|M)$ supermatrix Chern-Simons model with an $SU(p|q)$ internal
symmetry. We propose that the model describes a system consisting of $N$
vortices and $M$ antivortices involving $SU(p|q)$ internal spin degrees of
freedom. We present both classical and quantum ground state solutions, and
demonstrate the relation to Calogero models. We present evidence that a large
$N$ limit describes $SU(p|q)$ WZW models. In particular, we derive
$\widehat{\mathfrak{su}}(p|q)$ Kac-Moody algebras. We also present some results
on the calculation of the partition function involving a supersymmetric
generalization of the Hall-Littlewood polynomials, indicating the mock modular
properties.Comment: 62 pages, 5 figures; v3: published version in JHE