pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of some amines by chloramine-T in hydrochloric acid medium: Mechanistic aspects and kinetic modeling

The kinetics of oxidation of five amines viz., ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) and isophoronediamine (IPDA) by sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide or chloramine-T (CAT) in the presence of HCl and Ru(III) chloride was studied at 303 K. The five reactions followed identical kinetics and the experimental rate law is rate = k  CAT 0  amine 0x  H+ y  Ru (III) z, where x, y and z are fractions. A variation of the ionic strength or dielectric constant of the medium and the addition of halide ions and p-toluenesulfonamide had no significant effect on the rate of the reaction. The solvent isotope effect has been studied in D2O medium. The activation parameters have been evaluated from the Arrhenius plots. Under comparable experimental conditions, the rate of oxidation of amines increases in the order: AEP &gt; TETA &gt; DETA &gt; EDA &gt; IPDA. An isokinetic relationship is observed with Î² = 377 K, indicating enthalpy as a controlling factor. Oxidation products were identified. C H3 C6 H4 S O2 over(N, +) H2 Cl of the oxidant has been postulated as the reactive oxidizing species. Further, the kinetics of Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of these amines have been compared with unanalyzed reactions (in the absence of Ru(III) catalyst) and found that the catalysed reactions are 2-3-fold faster. The catalytic constant (KC) was also calculated for each amine at different temperatures from the plots of log KC against 1/T, values of activation parameters with respect to the catalyst have been evaluated. The observed results have also been explained by a plausible mechanism and the related rate law has been deduced. Â© 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Spinning $\sigma$-model solitons in $2+1$ Anti-de Sitter space

We obtain numerical solutions for rotating topological solitons of the
nonlinear $\sigma$-model in three-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space. Two types
of solutions, $i)$ and $ii)$, are found. The $\sigma$-model fields are
everywhere well defined for both types of solutions, but they differ in their
space-time domains. Any time slice of the space-time for the type $i)$ solution
has a causal singularity, despite the fact that all scalars constructed the
curvature tensor are bounded functions. No evidence of a horizon is seen for
any of the solutions, and therefore the type $i)$ solutions have naked
singularities.
  On the other hand, the space-time domain, along with the fields, for the type
$ii)$ solutions are singularity free. Multiple families of solutions exhibiting
bifurcation phenomena are found for this case.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Loess-palaeosol sequences in China and Europe: Common values and geoconservation issues

Loess–palaeosol sequences preserve the most significant continental record of climatic and environmental changes during the Quaternary available for scientific study. The Eurasian loess belt in particular could be regarded as one of the most important Quaternary terrestrial records of climatic and environmental changes on a global scale. The Preliminary stratigraphical correlation has determined that loess sections in south-east Europe and China have, perhaps surprisingly, shown many similarities. Unfortunately, these sites, due to their economic (e.g. agriculture and brickyards) and functional (e.g. remote sections as waste disposal sites) values, share the same (both human-induced and natural) threats and are constantly endangered by numerous causes and could be naturally degraded or permanently exploited as a georesource.\ud
\ud
Conversely, this valuable segment of Earth's geodiversity has gained much attention within the nature conservation community. There are certain individual attempts to protect and promote loess to the general public, which is the case in China (National Geoparks with protected loess, e.g. Luochuan, Huoshi Chai, Kungdongshan, Jingtai, Yellow River), and also in Serbia and Poland. These could serve as good platform for establishing common strategies towards national and international recognition of important loess sections. Thus, the aim of this study is to provide a preliminary and universal strategy concerning conservation, interpretation and promotion (geotourism) of significant Eurasian loess–palaeosol sequences. Once implemented and tested, they could serve for all similar soft-rock exposures and soils.This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia (grant 176020).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Wellbeing in the aftermath of floods.

Published onlineJournal ArticleThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.The interactions between flood events, their aftermath, and recovery leading to health and wellbeing outcomes for individuals are complex, and the pathways and mechanisms through which wellbeing is affected are often hidden and remain under-researched. This study analyses the diverse processes that explain changes in wellbeing for those experiencing flooding. It identifies key pathways to wellbeing outcomes that concern perceptions of lack of agency, dislocation from home, and disrupted futures inducing negative impacts, with offsetting positive effects through community networks and interactions. The mixed method study is based on data from repeated qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=60) and a structured survey (n=1000) with individuals that experienced flooding directly during winter 2013/14 in two UK regions. The results show for the first time the diversity and intersection of pathways to wellbeing outcomes in the aftermath of floods. The findings suggest that enhanced public health planning and interventions could focus on the precise practices and mechanisms that intersect to produce anxiety, stress, and their amelioration at individual and community levels.This research was undertaken with funding from the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Change and Health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), and in collaboration with the University of Exeter, University College London, and the Met Office, and funding from the UK Economic and Social Research Council [Grant: ES/M006867/1]. The public interview transcripts can be found in the UK Data Archive (www.data-archive.co.uk). The authors wish to thank Louisa Evans and Saffron O’Neill for collaboration and the members of the public and the stakeholders that participated in the research. For comments on earlier drafts and versions of this paper, thanks also go to Angie Bone, Sari Kovats, and participants in the Sydney Ideas Lecture, Sydney University, March 2015, our report launch meeting at the Royal Geographical Society, London, June 2016, and the RGS annual conference sessions, Exeter, September 2015
Are pharmacological randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to real-life asthma populations? : A protocol for an UNLOCK study from the IPCRG

Funding The IPCRG provided funding for this research project as an UNLOCK Group study for which the funding was obtained through an unrestricted grant by Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland. Novartis has no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. This study will include data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and is undertaken in collaboration with Optimum Patient Care and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The SM protein Sly1 accelerates assembly of the ER-Golgi SNARE complex.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) and Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins constitute the core of an ancient vesicle fusion machine that diversified into distinct sets that now function in different trafficking steps in eukaryotic cells. Deciphering their precise mode of action has proved challenging. SM proteins are thought to act primarily through one type of SNARE protein, the syntaxins. Despite high structural similarity, however, contrasting binding modes have been found for different SM proteins and syntaxins. Whereas the secretory SM protein Munc18 binds to the ‟closed conformation" of syntaxin 1, the ER-Golgi SM protein Sly1 interacts only with the N-peptide of Sed5. Recent findings, however, indicate that SM proteins might interact simultaneously with both syntaxin regions. In search for a common mechanism, we now reinvestigated the Sly1/Sed5 interaction. We found that individual Sed5 adopts a tight closed conformation. Sly1 binds to both the closed conformation and the N-peptide of Sed5, suggesting that this is the original binding mode of SM proteins and syntaxins. In contrast to Munc18, however, Sly1 facilitates SNARE complex formation by loosening the closed conformation of Sed5
Evolutionary conditions for the emergence of communication in robots.

Information transfer plays a central role in the biology of most organisms, particularly social species [1, 2]. Although the neurophysiological processes by which signals are produced, conducted, perceived, and interpreted are well understood, the conditions conducive to the evolution of communication and the paths by which reliable systems of communication become established remain largely unknown. This is a particularly challenging problem because efficient communication requires tight coevolution between the signal emitted and the response elicited [3]. We conducted repeated trials of experimental evolution with robots that could produce visual signals to provide information on food location. We found that communication readily evolves when colonies consist of genetically similar individuals and when selection acts at the colony level. We identified several distinct communication systems that differed in their efficiency. Once a given system of communication was well established, it constrained the evolution of more efficient communication systems. Under individual selection, the ability to produce visual signals resulted in the evolution of deceptive communication strategies in colonies of unrelated robots and a concomitant decrease in colony performance. This study generates predictions about the evolutionary conditions conducive to the emergence of communication and provides guidelines for designing artificial evolutionary systems displaying spontaneous communication
Low adherence of Swiss children to national dietary guidelines.

INTRODUCTION: Dietary guidelines aim to inform people of the types of foods and quantities they should consume each day or week to promote and maintain health. The aim of this study was to describe children's dietary behaviors in terms of adherence to the Swiss Society for Nutrition (SSN) dietary guidelines and possible determinants.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2010 with 568 children aged 6-12 years old living in Ticino Switzerland. Food intake was collected using 7-day food logs. Adherence with the dietary guidelines from the SSN was assessed according to age group.
RESULTS: With the exception of fish and cereal/potato intake (adherence rates of 68.5% and 47.9%, respectively), adherence to SSN guidelines was low: 26.9% for meat; 22.7% for eggs; 10.4% for fruit; 9.5% for sweets, snacks &amp; soft drinks; 3.5% for milk &amp; dairy, and 0% for vegetables. Multivariate analysis showed no consistent association between the child or their parent's socio-demographic characteristics and adherence to SSN guidelines. Girls had a higher likelihood of adhering with fruit and meat guidelines: multivariate adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.98 (1.10-3.56) and 1.80 (1.08-2.99), respectively. Children aged 10 to 12 had a lower likelihood of adhering with cereals and potatoes 0.48 (0.29-0.78), and a higher likelihood of adhering with the guideline for eggs 1.78 (1.00-3.15).
CONCLUSION: Dietary intake of Ticinese children shows poor adherence with SSN guidelines. Given the lack of specific socio-demographic factors associated with adherence, population-wide interventions to improve dietary intake are necessary
The chicken B-cell line DT40 proteome, beadome and interactomes.

In developing a new quantitative AP-MS method for exploring interactomes in the chicken B-cell line DT40, we also surveyed the most abundant proteins in this organism and explored the likely contaminants that bind to a variety of affinity resins that would later be confirmed quantitatively. We present the ‘Top 150 abundant DT40 proteins list’, the DT40 beadomes as well as protein interaction lists for the Phosphatidyl inositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase 2β and Fanconi anaemia protein complexes.We thanks Prof. R. Irvine for providing the JPR3 cell line, to Dr. E. Rajendra for providing the FANCC cell line, FANC antibodies and helpful discussions, to Dr. M. Deery and J. Howard for assistance with MS. This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) Grant BB/H024085/1.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2014.12.00
The kinematic signature of the Galactic warp in Gaia DR1 - I. The
  Hipparcos subsample

The mechanism responsible for the warp of our Galaxy, as well as its
dynamical nature, continues to remain unknown. With the advent of high
precision astrometry, new horizons have been opened for detecting the
kinematics associated with the warp and constraining possible warp formation
scenarios for the Milky Way. The aim of this contribution is to establish
whether the first Gaia data release (DR1) shows significant evidence of the
kinematic signature expected from a long-lived Galactic warp in the kinematics
of distant OB stars. As the first paper in a series, we present our approach
for analyzing the proper motions and apply it to the sub-sample of Hipparcos
stars. We select a sample of 989 distant spectroscopically-identified OB stars
from the New Reduction of Hipparcos, of which 758 are also in Gaia DR1,
covering distances from 0.5 to 3 kpc from the Sun. We develop a model of the
spatial distribution and kinematics of the OB stars from which we produce the
probability distribution functions of the proper motions, with and without the
systematic motions expected from a long-lived warp. A likelihood analysis is
used to compare the expectations of the models with the observed proper motions
from both Hipparcos and Gaia DR1. We find that the proper motions of the nearby
OB stars are consistent with the signature of a warp, while those of the more
distant stars (parallax<1 mas) are not. The kinematics of our sample of young
OB stars suggests that systematic vertical motions in the disk cannot be
explained by a simple model of a stable long-lived warp. The Galactic warp may
either be a transient feature, or additional phenomena are acting on the
gaseous component of the Milky Way, causing systematic vertical motions that
are masking the expected warp signal. A larger and deeper sample of stars with
Gaia astrometry will be needed to constrain the dynamical nature of the
Galactic warp.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic
Geometrically Designed, Variable Knot Regression Splines: Asymptotics and Inference

A  new  method  for  Computer  Aided  Geometric  Design  of  least  squares  (LS)  splines  with  variable  knots, named  GeDS,  is  presented.  It  is  based  on  the  property that  the  spline  regression  function,  viewed  as  a parametric curve, has a control polygon and, due to the shape preserving and convex hull properties, closely follows  the  shape  of  this  control  polygon.  The  latter  has vertices,  whose  x-coordinates  are  certain  knot averages, known as the Greville sites and whose y-coordinates are the regression coefficients. Thus, manipulation of the position of  the control polygon and hence of the spline curve may be interpreted as estimation of its knots and coefficients. These geometric ideas are implemented in the two stages of the GeDS estimation method. In stage A, a linear LS spline fit to the data is constructed, and viewed as the initial position of the control polygon of a higher order (n>2) smooth spline curve. In stage B, the optimal set of knots of this higher order spline curve is found, so that its control polygon is as close to the initial polygon of stage A as possible  and finally,  the  LS  estimates  of  the  regression  coefficients  of  this  curve  are  found.  To  implement stage  A,  an  automatic adaptive  knot  location  scheme for  generating  linear  spline  fits  is  developed.  At  each step of stage A, a knot is placed where a certain bias dominated measure is maximal. This stage is equipped with  a novel  stopping  rule  which  serves  as  a  model selector.  The  optimal  knots  defined  in  stage  B  ensure that the higher order spline curve is nearly a variation diminishing (i.e., shape preserving) spline approximation to the linear fit of stage A. Error bounds for this approximation are derived in Kaishev et al. (2006). The GeDS  method  produces  simultaneously  linear,  quadratic,  cubic  (and  possibly  higher  order)  spline  fits  with one and the same number of B-spline regression functions.  Large  sample  properties  of  the  GeDS  estimator  are  also  explored,  and  asymptotic normality  is  established. Asymptotic conditions on the rate of growth of the knots with the increase of the sample size, which ensure that the bias is of negligible magnitude compared to the variance of the GeD estimator, are given. Based on these  results,  pointwise  asymptotic  confidence  intervals  with  GeDS  are  also  constructed  and  shown  to converge to the nominal coverage probability level for a reasonable number of knots and sample sizes
Bio-inspired coating strategies for the immobilization of polymyxins to generate contact-killing surfaces

Microbial colonization of indwelling devices remains a major concern in modern healthcare. Developing approaches to prevent biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) is, therefore, in great demand. This study aimed to immobilize two antimicrobial peptides (polymyxins B and E) onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using two polydopamine (pDA)-based approaches: the conventional two-step method involving the deposition of a pDA layer to which biomolecules are immobilized, and a one-step method where peptides are dissolved together with dopamine before its polymerization. Surface characterization confirms the immobilization of polymyxins onto PDMS at a non-toxic concentration. Immobilization of polymyxins using a one-step pDA-based approach is able to prevent Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion and kill a significant fraction of the adherent ones. Living cells adhered to these modified surfaces exhibit the same susceptibility pattern as cells adhered to unmodified surfaces, highlighting no resistance development. Results suggest that polymyxins immobilization holds a great potential as an additional antimicrobial functionality in the design of biomaterials.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese
Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit. This study was also
supported by FCT and the European Community fund FEDER,
through Program COMPETE, under the scope of the Projects
“PTDC/SAU-SAP/113196/2009 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-016012),”
“RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462),”
and “BioHealth—Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches
to improve health quality,” Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027,
co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte
(ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. The authors also acknowledge
FCT for the PhD Grant of Diana Alves (SFRH/BD/78063/2011)
“Lift Up a Living Nation”: Community and Nation, Socialism and Religion in The English Hymnal, 1906

The lead editors of The English Hymnal (1906), Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams, found Victorian hymnody in need of serious revision, and not just aesthetically. This musical book was intended as an expression of the editors' Christian socialist politics involving in the participation of the congregation. This article examines how they achieved this by the encouragement of active citizenship through communal music-making, using folksong tunes alongside texts which affirmed community. This article argues that the editors wedded religion and high-quality music with a focus on citizenship drawn from British Idealism; using a cultural movement to seek social change.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Evolutionary and paleobiological implications of Coleoptera (Insecta) from Tethyan-influenced Cretaceous ambers

AbstractThe intense study of coleopteran inclusions from Spanish (Albian in age) and French (Albian–Santonian in age) Cretaceous ambers, both of Laurasian origin, has revealed that the majority of samples belong to the Polyphaga suborder and, in contrast to the case of the compression fossils, only one family of Archostemata, one of Adephaga, and no Myxophaga suborders are represented. A total of 30 families from Spain and 16 families from France have been identified (with almost twice bioinclusions identified in Spain than in France); 13 of these families have their most ancient representatives within these ambers. A similar study had previously only been performed on Lebanese ambers (Barremian in age and Gondwanan in origin), recording 36 coleopteran families. Few lists of taxa were available for Myanmar (Burmese) amber (early Cenomanian in age and Laurasian in origin). Coleopteran families found in Cretaceous ambers share with their modern relatives mainly saproxylic and detritivorous habits in the larval or adult stages, rather than wood-boring behavior. Fifteen of the coleopteran families occur in both the Lebanese and Spanish ambers; while only five are present in both Spanish and French. Considering the paleogeographic proximity and similarity of age of the Spanish and French ambers, the small number of taxa found in common at both areas is surprising. The ancient origin for the Lebanese and Spanish ambers, the paleogeography (including some barriers for terrestrial biota) and the local paleohabitats are factors that may explain the dissimilarity with the French specimens. Wildfires are believed to be a more likely cause of resin production during the Cretaceous than infestation by beetles. Current knowledge of the beetle species found in the Cretaceous ambers is introduced
Constraints on Lorentz violation from gravitational Čerenkov radiation

AbstractLimits on gravitational Čerenkov radiation by cosmic rays are obtained and used to constrain coefficients for Lorentz violation in the gravity sector associated with operators of even mass dimensions, including orientation-dependent effects. We use existing data from cosmic-ray telescopes to obtain conservative two-sided constraints on 80 distinct Lorentz-violating operators of dimensions four, six, and eight, along with conservative one-sided constraints on three others. Existing limits on the nine minimal operators at dimension four are improved by factors of up to a billion, while 74 of our explicit limits represent stringent first constraints on nonminimal operators. Prospects are discussed for future analyses incorporating effects of Lorentz violation in the matter sector, the role of gravitational Čerenkov radiation by high-energy photons, data from gravitational-wave observatories, the tired-light effect, and electromagnetic Čerenkov radiation by gravitons
Long-range SL(2) Baxter equation in N=4 super-Yang–Mills theory

AbstractRelying on a few lowest order perturbative calculations of anomalous dimensions of gauge invariant operators built from holomorphic scalar fields and an arbitrary number of covariant derivatives in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory, we propose an all-loop generalization of the Baxter equation which determines their spectrum. The equation does not take into account wrapping effects and is thus asymptotic in character. We develop an asymptotic expansion of the deformed Baxter equation for large values of the conformal spin and derive an integral equation for the cusp anomalous dimension