pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
When will Cyclogenesis Commence Given a Favorable Tropical Environment? To the 30th anniversary of the hypothesis on the turbulent vortex dynamo and dedicated to the memory of Soviet-Russian scientist, Professor Semen Samoilovich Moiseev

AbstractA numerical diagnosis of tropical cyclogenesis in a quiescent, rotating environment is presented to suggest an answer to the above question. Our research approach employs near-cloud-resolving numerical simulations to quantitatively analyze helical self-organization of moist-convective atmospheric turbulence. The simulations permit a diagnosis of cyclogenesis when the primary and secondary circulations in a forming hurricane vortex become linked by special convective coherent structures – Vortical Hot Towers (VHTs). The VHTs are argued to be intrinsic elements of the turbulent vortex dynamo in the tropical atmosphere of the Earth. It is discussed how the generated linkage makes the nascent vortex an integral helical system, supporting a positive feedback between the circulations. The feedback is sustained by only modest fluxes of latent heat from the underlying ocean, convective instability and vortical convection. The feedback indicates a release of potential energy that is converted into kinetic energy of developing large-scale helical vortex. Energy exchange between the primary and secondary circulation and their further mutual intensification is inferred from the numerical experiments
The matrix-valued Hp corona problem in the disk and polydisk

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the matrix-valued Hp corona problem in the disk and polydisk. The result for the disk is rather well-known, and is usually obtained from the classical Carleson Corona Theorem by linear algebra. Our proof provides a streamlined way of obtaining this result and allows one to get a better estimate on the norm of the solution. In particular, we were able to improve the estimate found in the recent work of Trent in [J. Funct. Anal. 189 (2002) 267–282]. Note that, the solution of the H∞ matrix corona problem in the disk can be easily obtained from the H2 corona problem either by factorization, or by the Commutant Lifting Theorem. The Hp corona problem in the polydisk was originally solved by Lin in [Bull. Sci. Math. 110(2) (1986) 69–84, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 341 (1994) 371–375]. The solution used Koszul complexes and was rather complicated because one had to consider higher order ∂¯-equations. Our proof is more transparent and it improves upon Lin's result in several ways. First, we deal with the more general matrix corona problem. Second, we were able to show that the norm of the solution is independent of the number of generators. Additionally, we illustrate that the norm of the solution of the H2 corona problem in the polydisk Dn grows at most proportionally to n. Our approach is based on one that was originated by Andersson in [Math. Z. 201 (1989) 121–130]. In the disk it essentially depends on Green's Theorem and duality to obtain the estimate. In the polydisk we use Riesz projections to reduce the problem to the disk case
Can the X(4350) narrow structure be a 1−+ exotic state?

AbstractUsing the QCD sum rules we test if the new narrow structure, the X(4350) recently observed by the Belle Collaboration, can be described as a JPC=1−+ exotic Ds∗Ds0∗ molecular state. We consider the contributions of condensates up to dimension eight, we work at leading order in αs and we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms. The mass obtained for such state is mDs∗Ds0∗=(5.05±0.19) GeV. We also consider a molecular 1−+, D∗D0∗ current and we obtain mD∗D0∗=(4.92±0.08) GeV. We conclude that it is not possible to describe the X(4350) structure as a 1−+ Ds∗Ds0∗ molecular state
Egalitarian despots: hierarchy steepness, reciprocity and the grooming-trade model in wild chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes

Biological market theory models the action of natural selection as a marketplace in which animals are viewed as traders with commodities to offer and exchange. Studies of female Old World monkeys have suggested that grooming might be employed as a commodity to be reciprocated or traded for alternative services, yet previous tests of this grooming-trade model in wild adult male chimpanzees have yielded mixed results. Here we provide the strongest test of the model to date for male chimpanzees: we use data drawn from two social groups (communities) of chimpanzees from different populations and give explicit consideration to variation in dominance hierarchy steepness, as such variation results in differing conditions for biological markets. First, analysis of data from published accounts of other chimpanzee communities, together with our own data, showed that hierarchy steepness varied considerably within and across communities and that the number of adult males in a community aged 20–30 years predicted hierarchy steepness. The two communities in which we tested predictions of the grooming-trade model lay at opposite extremes of this distribution. Second, in accord with the grooming-trade model, we found evidence that male chimpanzees trade grooming for agonistic support where hierarchies are steep (despotic) and consequent effective support is a rank-related commodity, but not where hierarchies are shallow (egalitarian). However, we also found that grooming was reciprocated regardless of hierarchy steepness. Our findings also hint at the possibility of agonistic competition, or at least exclusion, in relation to grooming opportunities compromising the free market envisioned by biological market theory. Our results build on previous findings across chimpanzee communities to emphasize the importance of reciprocal grooming exchanges among adult male chimpanzees, which can be understood in a biological markets framework if grooming by or with particular individuals is a valuable commodity
Survey of antibiotic use of individuals visiting public healthcare facilities in Indonesia

SummaryObjectivesTo estimate the antibiotic use of individuals visiting public healthcare facilities in Indonesia and to identify determinants of use against a background of high resistance rates.MethodsPatients on admission to hospital (group A), visiting a primary health center (group B), and healthy relatives (group C) were included in the study. A questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare-related items including health complaints and consumption of antibiotics was used. Logistic regression was performed to determine the co-variables of antibiotic use.ResultsOf 2996 individuals interviewed, 486 (16%) had taken an antibiotic. Compared to group C (7% consumption), groups B and A exhibited a three-fold and four-fold higher use of antibiotics, respectively. Respiratory (80%) and gastrointestinal (13%) symptoms were most frequent. Aminopenicillins and tetracyclines accounted for 80% of the prescribed antibiotics. Similar antibiotics were self-medicated (17% of users). Age less than 18 years and health insurance were independent determinants of antibiotic use. Urban provenance, being adult, male, and having no health insurance were independent determinants of self-medication.ConclusionsIn addition to health complaints, other factors determined antibiotic consumption. In view of the likely viral origin of respiratory complaints and the resistance of intestinal pathogens, most antibiotic use was probably unnecessary or ineffective. Future interventions should be directed towards healthcare providers
From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements

AbstractThe rare earth elements are unusual when defining giant-sized ore deposits, as resources are often quoted as total rare earth oxide, but the importance of a deposit may be related to the grade for individual, or a limited group of the elements. Taking the total REE resource, only one currently known deposit (Bayan Obo) would class as giant (>1.7 × 107 tonnes contained metal), but a range of others classify as large (>1.7 × 106 tonnes). With the exception of unclassified resource estimates from the Olympic Dam IOCG deposit, all of these deposits are related to alkaline igneous activity – either carbonatites or agpaitic nepheline syenites. The total resource in these deposits must relate to the scale of the primary igneous source, but the grade is a complex function of igneous source, magmatic crystallisation, hydrothermal modification and supergene enrichment during weathering. Isotopic data suggest that the sources conducive to the formation of large REE deposits are developed in subcontinental lithospheric mantle, enriched in trace elements either by plume activity, or by previous subduction. The reactivation of such enriched mantle domains in relatively restricted geographical areas may have played a role in the formation of some of the largest deposits (e.g. Bayan Obo). Hydrothermal activity involving fluids from magmatic to meteoric sources may result in the redistribution of the REE and increases in grade, depending on primary mineralogy and the availability of ligands. Weathering and supergene enrichment of carbonatite has played a role in the formation of the highest grade deposits at Mount Weld (Australia) and Tomtor (Russia). For the individual REE with the current highest economic value (Nd and the HREE), the boundaries for the large and giant size classes are two orders of magnitude lower, and deposits enriched in these metals (agpaitic systems, ion absorption deposits) may have significant economic impact in the near future
The tectonic geomorphology of bedrock scarps on active normal faults in the Italian Apennines mapped using combined ground penetrating radar and terrestrial laser scanning

AbstractUsing combined datasets from ground penetrating radar (GPR) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) we document the variety of tectono-geomorphic features that contribute to the morphology of bedrock scarps associated with active extensional faulting in central Italy. Measurement of faulted offsets across such scarps can provide important fault slip-rate data relevant to seismic hazard analysis if ages can be established for offset features. However, interpretation of these offsets is challenging when geomorphic processes as well as fault slip contribute to exhumation of the bedrock during scarp development. Through the integration of surface (TLS) and subsurface (GPR) datasets, we show that the surface expression of three bedrock scarps results from the interaction between footwall incision, hangingwall sedimentation, channel incision and landsliding as well as fault slip and fault linkage. We further illustrate how these processes can be differentiated to identify locations suitable for determining fault slip-rates. The identification of such features has important implications for our understanding of the relationship between bedrock faulting and geomorphic processes, in turn contributing to improved assessment of fault slip-rates in the central Apennines. The use of combined GPR and TLS datasets here has shown that the tectono-geomorphic features of the studied scarps vary greatly over short distances and we emphasise the need for detailed scarp analysis to elucidate the processes responsible for bedrock exhumation before estimating the rates of fault slip over the timescale of scarp formation
Characterization of two receptors for TRAIL
		1The accession numbers (BankIt) for the two TRAIL receptor cDNA sequences reported in this paper are 130586 (TRAIL-R2) and 130595 (TRAIL-R3).1

AbstractTwo receptors for TRAIL, designated TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R3, have been identified. Both are members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. TRAIL-R2 is structurally similar to the death-domain-containing receptor TRAIL-R1 (DR-4), and is capable of inducing apoptosis. In contrast, TRAIL-R3 does not promote cell death. TRAIL-R3 is highly glycosylated and is membrane bound via a putative phosphatidylinositol anchor. The extended structure of TRAIL-R3 is due to the presence of multiple threonine-, alanine-, proline- and glutamine-rich repeats (TAPE repeats). TRAIL-R2 shows a broad tissue distribution, whereas the expression of TRAIL-R3 is restricted to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and skeletal muscle. All three TRAIL receptors bind TRAIL with similar affinity, suggesting a complex regulation of TRAIL-mediated signals
Packing bipartite graphs with covers of complete bipartite graphs

AbstractFor a set S of graphs, a perfect S-packing (S-factor) of a graph G is a set of mutually vertex-disjoint subgraphs of G that each are isomorphic to a member of S and that together contain all vertices of G. If G allows a covering (locally bijective homomorphism) to a graph H, i.e., a vertex mapping  f:VG→VH satisfying the property that f(u)f(v) belongs to EH whenever the edge uv belongs to EG such that for every u∈VG the restriction of f to the neighborhood of u is bijective, then G is an H-cover. For some fixed H let S(H) consist of all connected H-covers. Let Kk,ℓ be the complete bipartite graph with partition classes of size k and ℓ, respectively. For all fixed k,ℓ≥1, we determine the computational complexity of the problem that tests whether a given bipartite graph has a perfect S(Kk,ℓ)-packing. Our technique is partially based on exploring a close relationship to pseudo-coverings. A pseudo-covering from a graph G to a graph H is a homomorphism from G to H that becomes a covering to H when restricted to a spanning subgraph of G. We settle the computational complexity of the problem that asks whether a graph allows a pseudo-covering to Kk,ℓ for all fixed k,ℓ≥1
Practical Application of Total Quality Management System to Education of International Students

AbstractThis paper deals with the acute question of education of international students. The main principles of the Total Quality Management System (TQM) were implemented in the planning and organization of educational and other processes which are important to education. The development of new forms and methods of educational activity, the establishment of new links between different issues, and understanding effective management of all processes are vital to achieving successful results. The elements of the TQM connected with the cycle “Plan-Do-Check-Action” (PDCA) define the policy of organization in the educational process for international students. Innovative services, techniques and forms of education, information technologies, and professional development improve the outcomes of teaching goals and the educational system as a whole
Clinical Ethical Dilemmas for Vascular Surgeons (The VASCUETHICS Study): Are Self-interest Attitudes Related to Professional Seniority?

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the association between professional seniority and self-interest (PSI) attitudes in the resolution of vascular ethical dilemmas (VED).Design. Cross-sectional.Subjects. Vascular surgeons (residents included) from the 28 vascular teaching departments of Spain.Measurements. Multidisciplinary team-designed questionnaire of 5 VED. Each VED had 3 different answers (attitudes): 2 favouring legitimate ethical attitudes (LEA) and 1 favouring PSI. The questionnaire was self-administered and all participants stated their degree of agreement with each answer on a continuous Likert scale. PSI was evaluated by: (1) adding the magnitudes of the 5 answers favouring PSI (absPSI); and (2) by comparing in each case the magnitude of the PSI answer with that of the 2 LEA (relPSI).Statistics. Linear regression adjusted by confounding factors.Results. Two hundred and fifty-three vascular surgeons from the 26 participating teaching vascular departments of public hospitals completed the questionnaire (87.5% surgeons/department). Surgeon characteristics were: (1) median age 37 years; (2) 187 (74%) male; (3) 59 (23%) brought up with a health professional relative; (4) 94 (38%) had additional private practice; (5) 133 (65%) professed religious beliefs; and (6) 1–10 years of experience in 116 (47%), 11–20 years in 58 (24%), 21–30 years in 57 (23%), and >30 years in 15 (6%). The multivariate analysis disclosed that for every 10-years rise in professional seniority there was a 3.2% increase in absPSI (p=0.007, adjusted by variables 3 and 4), and a 3.4% increase in relPSI (p=0.002, adjusted by variable 5).Conclusions. Professional seniority is associated with a slight increase in pro-PSI attitudes in cases of vascular ethical dilemma. Both vascular surgeons and health institutions should promote the reversal of this worrying tendency
The role of the background in the extraction of resonance contributions from meson–baryon scattering

AbstractThe separation of background and resonance contributions in pion–nucleon scattering is an often discussed issue. We investigate to what extent the background can be separated from the pole contribution. For illustration we use results from an analytic model for the meson–baryon interaction derived from meson exchange. We focus on the two distinct cases of an elastic and a highly inelastic resonance, namely the Δ(1232) and the Δ∗(1700). Our results are also relevant for studies of dynamically generated resonances and attempts to extract bare quantities from hadronic models to be compared to quark model results
Definition and Validation of “Favorable High-Risk Prostate Cancer”: Implications for Personalizing Treatment of Radiation-Managed Patients

PurposeTo define and validate a classification of favorable high-risk prostate cancer that could be used to personalize therapy, given that consensus guidelines recommend similar treatments for all radiation-managed patients with high-risk disease.Methods and MaterialsWe studied 3618 patients with cT1-T3aN0M0 high-risk or unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma treated with radiation at a single institution between 1997 and 2013. Favorable high-risk was defined as T1c disease with either Gleason 4 + 4 = 8 and prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/mL or Gleason 6 and prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL. Competing risks regression was used to determine differences in the risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) after controlling for baseline factors and treatment. Our results were validated in a cohort of 13,275 patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database.ResultsPatients with favorable high-risk disease had significantly better PCSM than other men with high-risk disease (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.996, P=.049) and similar PCSM as men with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (AHR 1.17, 95% CI 0.50-2.75, P=.710). We observed very similar results within the SEER-Medicare cohort (favorable high-risk vs other high-risk: AHR 0.21, 95% CI 0.11-0.41, P<.001; favorable high-risk vs unfavorable intermediate-risk: AHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.33-1.36, P=.268).ConclusionsPatients with favorable high-risk prostate cancer have significantly better PCSM than other patients with high-risk disease and similar PCSM as those with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease, who are typically treated with shorter-course androgen deprivation therapy. This new classification system may allow for personalization of treatment within high-risk disease, such as consideration of shorter-course androgen deprivation therapy for favorable high-risk disease
Cryptic Quantitative Evolution of the Vulva Intercellular Signaling Network in Caenorhabditis

SummaryBackgroundThe Caenorhabditis vulva is formed from a row of Pn.p precursor cells, which adopt a spatial cell-fate pattern—3°3°2°1°2°3°—centered on the gonadal anchor cell. This pattern is robustly specified by an intercellular signaling network including EGF/Ras induction from the anchor cell and Delta/Notch signaling between the precursor cells. It is unknown how the roles and quantitative contributions of these signaling pathways have evolved in closely related Caenorhabditis species.ResultsCryptic evolution in the network is uncovered by quantification of cell-fate-pattern frequencies obtained after displacement of the system out of its normal range, either by anchor-cell ablations or through LIN-3/EGF overexpression. Silent evolution in the Caenorhabditis genus covers a large neutral space of cell-fate patterns. Direct induction of the 1° fate as in C. elegans appeared within the genus. C. briggsae displays a graded induction of 1° and 2° fates, with 1° fate induction requiring a longer time than in C. elegans, and a reduced lateral inhibition of adjacent 1° fates. C. remanei displays a strong lateral induction of 2° fates relative to vulval-fate activation in the central cell. This evolution in cell-fate pattern space can be experimentally reconstituted by mild variations of Ras, Wnt, and Notch pathway activities in C. elegans and C. briggsae.ConclusionsQuantitative evolution in the roles of graded induction by LIN-3/EGF and Notch signaling is demonstrated for the Caenorhabditis vulva signaling network. This evolutionary system biology approach provides a quantitative view of the variational properties of this biological system
Differential Prefrontal White Matter Development in Chimpanzees and Humans

SummaryA comparison of developmental patterns of white matter (WM) within the prefrontal region between humans and nonhuman primates is key to understanding human brain evolution. WM mediates complex cognitive processes and has reciprocal connections with posterior processing regions [1, 2]. Although the developmental pattern of prefrontal WM in macaques differs markedly from that in humans [3], this has not been explored in our closest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee. The present longitudinal study of magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated that the prefrontal WM volume in chimpanzees was immature and had not reached the adult value during prepuberty, as observed in humans but not in macaques. However, the rate of prefrontal WM volume increase during infancy was slower in chimpanzees than in humans. These results suggest that a less mature and more protracted elaboration of neuronal connections in the prefrontal portion of the developing brain existed in the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans, and that this served to enhance the impact of postnatal experiences on neuronal connectivity. Furthermore, the rapid development of the human prefrontal WM during infancy may help the development of complex social interactions, as well as the acquisition of experience-dependent knowledge and skills to shape neuronal connectivity
Measurement of the Zγ→νν‾γ production cross section in pp collisions at s=8 TeV and limits on anomalous ZZγ and Zγγ trilinear gauge boson couplings

AbstractAn inclusive measurement of the Zγ→νν‾γ production cross section in pp collisions at s=8TeV is presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. This measurement is based on the observation of events with large missing energy and with a single photon with transverse momentum above 145GeV and absolute pseudorapidity in the range |η|<1.44. The measured Zγ→νν‾γ production cross section, 52.7±2.1 (stat)±6.4 (syst)±1.4 (lumi) fb, agrees well with the standard model prediction of 50.0−2.2+2.4 fb. A study of the photon transverse momentum spectrum yields the most stringent limits to date on the anomalous ZZγ and Zγγ trilinear gauge boson couplings