pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in Sub-Saharan Africa

Driven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in house- hold decision making, labor and caregiving, and social norms dictating the status of women. Focus group discussions were conducted with community members, and in depth qualitative interviews with key- informants and stakeholders, in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, and South Africa between April 2012 and October 2013. Findings highlight that socially constructed gender roles, which define mothers as care- givers and fathers as wage earners, and which limit women's agency regarding childcare decisions, among other things, create considerable gaps when it comes to meeting child nutrition, education, and health care needs following a maternal death. Additionally, our findings show that maternal deaths have differential effects on boy and girl children, and exacerbate specific risks for girl children, including early marriage, early pregnancy, and school drop-out. To combat both MM, and to mitigate impacts on children, investment in health services interventions should be complemented by broader interventions regarding social protection, as well as aimed at shifting social norms and opportunity structures regarding gendered divisions of labor and power at household, community, and society levels.Web of Scienc
Relating quarks and leptons with the T-7 flavour group

In this letter we present a model for quarks and leptons based on T-7 as flavour symmetry, predicting a canonical mass relation between charged leptons and down-type quarks proposed earlier. Neutrino masses are generated through a Type-I seesaw mechanism, with predicted correlations between the atmospheric mixing angle and neutrino masses. Compatibility with oscillation results leads to lower bounds for the lightest neutrino mass as well as for the neutrinoless double beta decay rates, even for normal neutrino mass hierarchy
Measurement of the inclusive cross-sections of single top-quark and
  top-antiquark $t$-channel production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13
  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the $t$-channel single-top-quark and single-top-antiquark
production cross-sections in the lepton+je ts channel is presented, using 3.2
fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13
TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015. Events are selected
by requiring one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse
momentum, and two jets with high transverse momentum, exactly one of which is
required to be $b$-tagged. Using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the
discriminant distribution of a neural network, the cross-sections are
determined to be $\sigma(tq) = 156 \pm 5 \, (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 27 \,
(\mathrm{syst.}) \pm 3\,(\mathrm{lumi.})$ pb for single top-quark production
and $\sigma(\bar{t}q) = 91 \pm 4 \, (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 18 \, (\mathrm{syst.})
\pm 2\,(\mathrm{lumi.})$ pb for single top-antiquark production, assuming a
top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV. The cross-section ratio is measured to be $R_t =
\sigma(tq)/\sigma(\bar{t}q) = 1.72 \pm 0.09 \, (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm 0.18 \,
(\mathrm{syst.})$.Comment: 24 pages plus author list + cover pages (43 pages total), 6 figures,
  5 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-1
The Gribov problem in presence of background field for $SU(2)$
  Yang-Mills theory

The Gribov problem in the presence of a background field is analyzed: in
particular, we study the Gribov copies equation in the Landau-De Witt gauge as
well as the semi-classical Gribov gap equation. As background field, we choose
the simplest non-trivial one which corresponds to a constant gauge potential
with non-vanishing component along the Euclidean time direction. This kind of
constant non-Abelian background fields is very relevant in relation with (the
computation of) the Polyakov loop but it also appears when one considers the
non-Abelian Schwinger effect. We show that the Gribov copies equation is
affected directly by the presence of the background field, constructing an
explicit example. The analysis of the Gribov gap equation shows that the larger
the background field, the smaller the Gribov mass parameter. These results
strongly suggest that the relevance of the Gribov copies (from the path
integral point of view) decreases as the size of the background field
increases.Comment: 14 pages; 2 figures. In the new version a small but non-zero
  temperature has been included. Typo corrected. The numerical results
  basically unchange
Gene length as a regulator for ribosome recruitment and protein
  synthesis: theoretical insights

Protein synthesis rates are determined, at the translational level, by
properties of the transcript's sequence. The efficiency of an mRNA can be tuned
by varying the ribosome binding sites controlling the recruitment of the
ribosomes, or the codon usage establishing the speed of protein elongation. In
this work we propose transcript length as a further key determinant of
translation efficiency. Based on a physical model that considers the kinetics
of ribosomes advancing on the mRNA and diffusing in its surrounding, as well as
mRNA circularisation and ribosome drop-off, we explain how the transcript
length may play a central role in establishing ribosome recruitment and the
overall translation rate of an mRNA. According to our results, the proximity of
the 3' end to the ribosomal recruitment site of the mRNA could induce a
feedback in the translation process that would favour the recycling of
ribosomes. We also demonstrate how this process may be involved in shaping the
experimental ribosome density-gene length dependence. Finally, we argue that
cells could exploit this mechanism to adjust and balance the usage of its
ribosomal resources
Feature- versus rule-based generalization in rats, pigeons and humans.

Humans can spontaneously create rules that allow them to efficiently generalize what they have learned to novel situations. An enduring question is whether rule-based generalization is uniquely human or whether other animals can also abstract rules and apply them to novel situations. In recent years, there have been a number of high-profile claims that animals such as rats can learn rules. Most of those claims are quite weak because it is possible to demonstrate that simple associative systems (which do not learn rules) can account for the behavior in those tasks. Using a procedure that allows us to clearly distinguish feature-based from rule-based generalization (the Shanks-Darby procedure), we demonstrate that adult humans show rule-based generalization in this task, while generalization in rats and pigeons was based on featural overlap between stimuli. In brief, when learning that a stimulus made of two components ("AB") predicts a different outcome than its elements ("A" and "B"), people spontaneously abstract an opposites rule and apply it to new stimuli (e.g., knowing that "C" and "D" predict one outcome, they will predict that "CD" predicts the opposite outcome). Rats and pigeons show the reverse behavior-they generalize what they have learned, but on the basis of similarity (e.g., "CD" is similar to "C" and "D", so the same outcome is predicted for the compound stimulus as for the components). Genuinely rule-based behavior is observed in humans, but not in rats and pigeons, in the current procedure
Recommendation-based conceptual modelling and ontology evolution framework (CMOE plus)

Within an enterprise, various stakeholders create different conceptual models, such as process, data, and requirements models. These models are fundamentally based on similar underlying enterprise (domain) concepts, but they differ in focus, use different modelling languages, take different viewpoints, utilize different terminology, and are used to develop different enterprise artefacts; as such, they typically lack consistency and interoperability. This issue can be solved by enterprise-specific ontologies, which serve as a reference during the conceptual model creation. Using such a shared semantic repository makes conceptual models interoperable and facilitates model integration. The challenge to accomplish this is twofold: on the one hand, an up-to-date enterprise-specific ontology needs to be created and maintained, and on the other hand, different modellers also need to be supported in their use of the enterprise-specific ontology. In this article, we propose to tackle these challenges by means of a recommendation-based conceptual modelling and an ontology evolution framework, and we focus in particular on ontology-based modelling support. To this end, we present our framework for Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) as a conceptual modelling language, and focus on how modellers can be assisted during the modelling process and how this impacts the semantic quality of the resulting models. Subsequently, we present a first, large-scale explorative experiment involving 140 business students to evaluate the BPMN instantiation of our framework. The experiments show promising results with regard to incurred overhead, intention of use and model interoperability
Linear chaos for the Quick-Thinking-Driver model

In recent years, the topic of car-following has experimented an increased importance in traffic engineering and safety research. This has become a very interesting topic because of the development of driverless cars (Google driverless cars, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_driverless_car). Driving models which describe the interaction between adjacent vehicles in the same lane have a big interest in simulation modeling, such as the Quick-Thinking-Driver model. A non-linear version of it can be given using the logistic map, and then chaos appears. We show that an infinite-dimensional version of the linear model presents a chaotic behaviour using the same approach as for studying chaos of death models of cell growth.The authors were supported by a grant from the FPU program of MEC and MEC Project MTM2013-47093-P
The effect of dynamic loading on the shear strength of pyroclastic Ash Deposits and implications for landslide hazard: The case of Pudahuel Ignimbrite, Chile

The co-seismic and post-seismic behaviour of pyroclastic ash deposits and its influence on slope stability remains as a challenging subject in engineering geology. Case studies in volcanic areas of the world suggest that soil structural changes caused by seismic shaking results in landslide activity. It is critical to constrain how this kind of soil behaves during coseismic ground shaking, as well as the effects of dynamic loading on shear strength parameters after shaking. Direct shear tests carried out on cineritic volcanic materials from the Pudahuel Ignimbrite formation in central Chile show a direct effect of cyclic loading on the shear strength and in a minor extent on the rheology. A high apparent cohesion found in monotonic shear tests, likely attributed to suction and cementation, is destroyed by dynamic loading. At the same time, the internal friction angle rises. This defines a differential post-dynamic behaviour depending on normal effective stress conditions, which favour the occurrence of shallow landslides. These results show how the use of shear strength parameters obtained from standard monotonic direct shear tests may produce misleading results when analysing seismic slope stability in this type of soils
Successful transfer to sulfonylureas in KCNJ11 neonatal diabetes is determined by the mutation and duration of diabetes

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The finding that patients with diabetes due to potassium channel mutations can transfer from insulin to sulfonylureas has revolutionised the management of patients with permanent neonatal diabetes. The extent to which the in vitro characteristics of the mutation can predict a successful transfer is not known. Our aim was to identify factors associated with successful transfer from insulin to sulfonylureas in patients with permanent neonatal diabetes due to mutations in KCNJ11 (which encodes the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.2). METHODS: We retrospectively analysed clinical data on 127 patients with neonatal diabetes due to KCNJ11 mutations who attempted to transfer to sulfonylureas. We considered transfer successful when patients completely discontinued insulin whilst on sulfonylureas. All unsuccessful transfers received ≥0.8 mg kg(-1) day(-1) glibenclamide (or the equivalent) for >4 weeks. The in vitro response of mutant Kir6.2/SUR1 channels to tolbutamide was assessed in Xenopus oocytes. For some specific mutations, not all individuals carrying the mutation were able to transfer successfully; we therefore investigated which clinical features could predict a successful transfer. RESULTS: In all, 112 out of 127 (88%) patients successfully transferred to sulfonylureas from insulin with an improvement in HbA1c from 8.2% (66 mmol/mol) on insulin, to 5.9% (41 mmol/mol) on sulphonylureas (p = 0.001). The in vitro response of the mutation to tolbutamide determined the likelihood of transfer: the extent of tolbutamide block was <63% for the p.C166Y, p.I296L, p.L164P or p.T293N mutations, and no patients with these mutations successfully transferred. However, most individuals with mutations for which tolbutamide block was >73% did transfer successfully. The few patients with these mutations who could not transfer had a longer duration of diabetes than those who transferred successfully (18.2 vs 3.4 years, p = 0.032). There was no difference in pre-transfer HbA1c (p = 0.87), weight-for-age z scores (SD score; p = 0.12) or sex (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Transfer from insulin is successful for most KCNJ11 patients and is best predicted by the in vitro response of the specific mutation and the duration of diabetes. Knowledge of the specific mutation and of diabetes duration can help predict whether successful transfer to sulfonylureas is likely. This result supports the early genetic testing and early treatment of patients with neonatal diabetes aged under 6 months.This research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Clinical Research Facility, the Wellcome Trust and the European Research Council. FMA is a European Research Council Advanced Investigator and holds a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. SE is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator. ATH is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator and a NIHR Senior Investigator
Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow in Absolute Terms Using (82)Rb PET Imaging: The RUBY-10 Study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) estimates from rubidium-82 positron emission tomography ((82)Rb PET) data using 10 software packages (SPs) based on 8 tracer kinetic models.
BACKGROUND: It is unknown how MBF and MFR values from existing SPs agree for (82)Rb PET.
METHODS: Rest and stress (82)Rb PET scans of 48 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease were analyzed in 10 centers. Each center used 1 of 10 SPs to analyze global and regional MBF using the different kinetic models implemented. Values were considered to agree if they simultaneously had an intraclass correlation coefficient &gt;0.75 and a difference &lt;20% of the median across all programs.
RESULTS: The most common model evaluated was the Ottawa Heart Institute 1-tissue compartment model (OHI-1-TCM). MBF values from 7 of 8 SPs implementing this model agreed best. Values from 2 other models (alternative 1-TCM and Axially distributed) also agreed well, with occasional differences. The MBF results from other models (e.g., 2-TCM and retention) were less in agreement with values from OHI-1-TCM.
CONCLUSIONS: SPs using the most common kinetic model-OHI-1-TCM-provided consistent results in measuring global and regional MBF values, suggesting that they may be used interchangeably to process data acquired with a common imaging protocol
Identification of high transverse momentum top quarks in pp collisions at root s= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Published: June 16, 2016This paper presents studies of the performance of several jet-substructure techniques, which are used to identify hadronically decaying top quarks with high transverse momentum contained in large-radius jets. The efficiency of identifying top quarks is measured using a sample of top-quark pairs and the rate of wrongly identifying jets from other quarks or gluons as top quarks is measured using multijet events collected with the ATLAS experiment in 20.3 fb−1 of 8TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Predictions from Monte Carlo simulations are found to provide an accurate description of the performance. The techniques are compared in terms of signal efficiency and background rejection using simulations, covering a larger range in jet transverse momenta than accessible in the dataset. Additionally, a novel technique is developed that is optimized to reconstruct top quarks in events with many jets.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M. J. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
A search for tt ¯ resonances using lepton-plus-jets events in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for new particles that decay into top quark pairs is reported. The search is performed with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8  TeV. The lepton-plus-jets final state is used, where the top pair decays to W + bW − b ¯ , with one W  boson decaying leptonically and the other hadronically. The invariant mass spectrum of top quark pairs is examined for local excesses or deficits that are inconsistent with the Standard Model predictions. No evidence for a top quark pair resonance is found, and 95% confidence-level limits on the production rate are determined for massive states in benchmark models. The upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio of a narrow Z ′ boson decaying to top pairs range from 4.2 pb to 0.03 pb for resonance masses from 0.4 TeV to 3.0 TeV. A narrow leptophobic topcolour Z ′ boson with mass below 1.8 TeV is excluded. Upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching ratio for a broad colour-octet resonance with Γ/m=  15% decaying to tt ¯ . These range from 2.5 pb to 0.03 pb for masses from 0.4 TeV to 3.0 TeV. A Kaluza-Klein excitation of the gluon in a Randall-Sundrum model is excluded for masses below 2.2 TeV
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons decaying to two bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons that in turn each decays into a bottom quark-antiquark pair is performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 fb-1. No evidence for a signal is observed. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section for such a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV, and a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence levelWe acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la
Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWTBelgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research,
India; the HOMING PLUS program of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fun
The edge of the young Galactic disk

In this work, we report and discuss the detection of two distant diffuse stellar groups in the third Galactic quadrant. They are composed of young stars, with spectral types ranging from late O to late B, and lie at galactocentric distances between 15 and 20 kpc. These groups are located in the area of two cataloged open clusters (VdB-Hagen 04 and Ruprecht 30), projected toward the Vela-Puppis constellations, and within the core of the Canis Major overdensity. Their reddening and distances have been estimated by analyzing their color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, derived from deep UBV photometry. The existence of young star aggregates at such extreme distances from the Galactic center challenges the commonly accepted scenario in which the Galactic disk has a sharp cutoff at about 14 kpc from the Galactic center and indicates that it extends to much greater distances (as also supported by the recent detection of CO molecular complexes well beyond this distance). While the groups we find in the area of Ruprecht 30 are compatible with the Orion and Norma-Cygnus spiral arms, respectively, the distant group we identify in the region of VdB-Hagen 04 lies in the external regions of the Norma-Cygnus arm, at a galactocentric distance (~20 kpc) where no young stars have been detected so far in the optical.Fil: Carraro, Giovanni. European Southern Observatory; ChileFil: Vazquez, Ruben Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Costa, Edgardo. Universidad de Chile. Departamento de astronomía; ChileFil: Perren, Gabriel Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Rosario. Instituto de Física de Rosario (i); ArgentinaFil: Moitinho, André. Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Ciéncias; Portuga