pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of rare earth doped silica sub-micrometric spheres as optically controlled temperature sensors

We report on the evaluation of rare earth (Er3þ, Eu3þ, and Tb3þ ions) SiO2 sub-micrometric
spheres as potential optically controllable temperature sensors. Details about fabrication, optical
manipulation and spectroscopic characterization of the sub-micrometric spheres are presented.
The fluorescence properties of the micros-spheres in the biological range (25–60 C) have been
systematically investigated. From this systematic study, the thermal resolution potentially
achieved in each case has been determined and compared to previous works
Oxidative addition of organic halides on palladium(0) complexes stabilized by dimethylfumarate and quinoline-based N–P or N–S spectator ligands

We have studied the oxidative addition of some organic halides on palladium(0) dimethylfumarate\ud
complexes bearing heteroditopic (N–P or N–S) quinoline-based spectator ligands from the experimental\ud
and theoretical point of view. We have measured the half-life of some oxidative addition reactions carried\ud
out in two different solvents (CD2Cl2 and CD3CN). The reactions were studied under mild conditions by\ud
NMR and the reactivities of different oxidants towards the complexes under study were compared.\ud
The rates of reaction were influenced by the nature of the spectator ligands and the solvent. The\ud
thioquinoline derivatives display a higher reactivity than that of the phosphoquinoline complexes and\ud
in general the reaction rates are higher in CD3CN than in CD2Cl2, although such a behavior is not always\ud
observed. We propose a plausible mechanism for the oxidative reaction in different solvents based on the\ud
experimental results and an adequate computational approach. Finally, the solid state structures of two\ud
reaction products were resolved and reported
Mupirocin/chlorexidine to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: post hoc analysis of a placebo-controlled, randomized trial using mupirocin/chlorhexidine and polymyxin/tobramycin for the prevention of acquired infections in intubated patients.

International audiencePURPOSE: The reduction in acquired infections (AI) due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the mupirocin/chlorhexidine (M/C) decontamination regimen has not been well studied in intubated patients. We performed post hoc analysis of a prior trial to assess the impact of M/C on MRSA AI and colonization. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study with the primary aim to reduce all-cause AI. The two regimens used [topical polymyxin and tobramycin (P/T), nasal mupirocin with chlorhexidine body wash (M/C), or corresponding placebos for each regimen] were administered according to a 2 × 2 factorial design. Participants were intubated patients in the intensive care units of three French university hospitals. The patients enrolled in the study (n = 515) received either active P/T (n = 130), active M/C (n = 130), both active regimens (n = 129), or placebos only (n = 126) for the period of intubation and an additional 24 h. The incidence and incidence rates (per 1,000 study days) of MRSA AI were assessed. Due to the absence of a statistically significant interaction between the two regimens, analysis was performed at the margins by comparing all patient receiving M/C (n = 259) to all patients not receiving M/C (n = 256), and all patients receiving P/T (n = 259) to all patients not receiving P/T (n = 256). RESULTS: Incidence [odds ratio (OR) 0.39, 95 % confidence interval (CI) (0.16-0.96), P = 0.04] and incidence rates [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.41, 95 % CI 0.17-0.97, P = 0.05] of MRSA AI were significantly lower with the use of M/C. We also observed an increase in the incidence (OR 2.50, 95 % CI 1.01-6.15, P = 0.05) and the incidence rate (IRR 2.90, 95 % CI 1.20-8.03, P = 0.03) of MRSA AI with the use of P/T. CONCLUSION: Among our study cohort of intubated patients, the use of M/C significantly reduced MRSA AI
Nuclear magnetic relaxation Of ^133Cs of distorted triangular antiferromagnet Cs_2CuBr_4

A quasi-two dimensional antiferromagnet Cs2CuBr4 is characterized as a frustrated spin system on a distorted triangular lattice. 133Cs-NMR experiments on Cs2CuBr4 have been performed in the range of the magnetic field applied along b-axis up to 15.9 T, which covers the field range for the 1/3 magnetization plateau. Field dependence of T1^−1 at 0.5 K shows a hysteresis around each end of the plateau, indicating a field induced first order phase transition. We also present NMR spectrum indicating hysteresis and two phase coexistence around the transition field
Identifying mixtures of mixtures using Bayesian estimation

The use of a finite mixture of normal distributions in model-based clustering allows to\ud
capture non-Gaussian data clusters. However, identifying the clusters from the normal components\ud
is challenging and in general either achieved by imposing constraints on the model or\ud
by using post-processing procedures.\ud
Within the Bayesian framework we propose a different approach based on sparse finite\ud
mixtures to achieve identifiability. We specify a hierarchical prior where the hyperparameters\ud
are carefully selected such that they are reflective of the cluster structure aimed at. In addition,\ud
this prior allows to estimate the model using standard MCMC sampling methods. In combination\ud
with a post-processing approach which resolves the label switching issue and results in\ud
an identified model, our approach allows to simultaneously (1) determine the number of clusters,\ud
(2) flexibly approximate the cluster distributions in a semi-parametric way using finite\ud
mixtures of normals and (3) identify cluster-specific parameters and classify observations. The\ud
proposed approach is illustrated in two simulation studies and on benchmark data sets
Roof region dependent wind potential assessment with different RANS turbulence models.

The analysis of the wind flow around buildings has a great interest from the point of view of the wind energy assessment, pollutant dispersion control, natural ventilation and pedestrians wind comfort and safety. Since LES turbulence models are computationally time consuming when applied to real geometries, RANS models are still widely used. However, RANS models are very sensitive to the chosen turbulence parametrisation and the results can vary according to the application. In this investigation, the simulation of the wind flow around an isolated building is performed using various types of RANS turbulence models in the open source code OpenFOAM, and the results are compared with benchmark experimental data. In order to confirm the numerical accuracy of the simulations, a grid dependency analysis is performed and the convergence index and rate are calculated. Hit rates are calculated for all the cases and the models that successfully pass a validation criterion are analysed at different regions of the building roof, and the most accurate RANS models for the modelling of the flow at each region are identified. The characteristics of the wind flow at each region are also analysed from the point of view of the wind energy generation, and the most adequate wind turbine model for the wind energy exploitation at each region of the building roof is chosen
Mutations Affecting the SAND Domain of DEAF1 Cause Intellectual Disability with Severe Speech Impairment and Behavioral Problems

Recently, we identified in two individuals with intellectual disability (ID) different de novo mutations in DEAF1, which encodes a transcription factor with an important role in embryonic development. To ascertain whether these mutations in DEAF1 are causative for the ID phenotype, we performed targeted resequencing of DEAF1 in an additional cohort of over 2,300 individuals with unexplained ID and identified two additional individuals with de novo mutations in this gene. All four individuals had severe ID with severely affected speech development, and three showed severe behavioral problems. DEAF1 is highly expressed in the CNS, especially during early embryonic development. All four mutations were missense mutations affecting the SAND domain of DEAF1. Altered DEAF1 harboring any of the four amino acid changes showed impaired transcriptional regulation of the DEAF1 promoter. Moreover, behavioral studies in mice with a conditional knockout of Deaf1 in the brain showed memory deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior. Our results demonstrate that mutations in DEAF1 cause ID and behavioral problems, most likely as a result of impaired transcriptional regulation by DEAF1
Highly conductive Sb-doped layers in strained Si

The ability to create stable, highly conductive ultrashallow doped regions is a key requirement for future silicon-based devices. It is shown that biaxial tensile strain reduces the sheet resistance of highly doped n-type layers created by Sb or As implantation. The improvement is stronger with Sb, leading to a reversal in the relative doping efficiency of these n-type impurities. For Sb, the primary effect is a strong enhancement of activation as a function of tensile strain. At low processing temperatures, 0.7% strain more than doubles Sb activation, while enabling the formation of stable, ~10-nm-deep junctions. This makes Sb an interesting alternative to As for ultrashallow junctions in strain-engineered complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device
Effect of the growth temperature and the AlN mole fraction on In incorporation and properties of quaternary III-nitride layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Indium incorporation into wurtzite (0001)-oriented InxAlyGa1−x−yN layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy was studied as a function of the growth temperature (565–635 °C) and the AlN mole fraction (0.01<y<0.27). The layer stoichiometry was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). RBS shows that indium incorporation decreased continuously with increasing growth temperature due to thermally enhanced dissociation of In–N bonds and for increasing AlN mole fractions. High resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements did not show evidence of phase separation. The mosaicity of the quaternary layers was found to be mainly determined by the growth temperature and independent on alloy composition within the range studied. However, depending on the AlN mole fraction, nanometer-sized composition fluctuations were detected by TEM. Photoluminescence spectra showed a single broad emission at room temperature, with energy and bandwidth S- and W-shaped temperature dependences typical of exciton localization by alloy inhomogeneities. Cathodoluminescence measurements demonstrated that the alloy inhomogeneities, responsible of exciton localization, occur on a lateral length scale below 150 nm, which is corroborated by TE
Service-oriented architecture of adaptive, intelligent data acquisition and processing systems for long-pulse fusion experiments

The data acquisition systems used in long-pulse fusion experiments need to implement data reduction and pattern recognition algorithms in real time. In order to accomplish these operations, it is essential to employ software tools that allow for hot swap capabilities throughout the temporal evolution of the experiments. This is very important because processing needs are not equal during different phases of the experiment. The intelligent test and measurement system (ITMS) developed by UPM and CIEMAT is an example of a technology for implementing scalable data acquisition and processing systems based on PXI and CompactPCI hardware. In the ITMS platform, a set of software tools allows the user to define the processing algorithms associated with the different experimental phases using state machines driven by software events. These state machines are specified using the State Chart XML (SCXML) language. The software tools are developed using JAVA, JINI, an SCXML engine and several LabVIEW applications. Within this schema, it is possible to execute data acquisition and processing applications in an adaptive way. The power of SCXML semantics and the ability to work with XML user-defined data types allow for very easy programming of the ITMS platform. With this approach, the ITMS platform is a suitable solution for implementing scalable data acquisition and processing systems based on a service-oriented model with the ability to easily implement remote participation applications
A Satisfaction-based Model for Affect Recognition from Conversational Features in Spoken Dialog Systems

Detecting user affect automatically during real-time conversation is the main challenge towards our greater aim of infusing social intelligence into a natural-language mixed-initiative High-Fidelity (Hi-Fi) audio control spoken dialog agent. In recent years, studies on affect detection from voice have moved on to using realistic, non-acted data, which is subtler. However, it is more challenging to perceive subtler emotions and this is demonstrated in tasks such as labelling and machine prediction. This paper attempts to address part of this challenge by considering the role of user satisfaction ratings and also conversational/dialog features in discriminating contentment and frustration, two types of emotions that are known to be prevalent within spoken human-computer interaction. However, given the laboratory constraints, users might be positively biased when rating the system, indirectly making the reliability of the satisfaction data questionable. Machine learning experiments were conducted on two datasets, users and annotators, which were then compared in order to assess the reliability of these datasets. Our results indicated that standard classifiers were significantly more successful in discriminating the abovementioned emotions and their intensities (reflected by user satisfaction ratings) from annotator data than from user data. These results corroborated that: first, satisfaction data could be used directly as an alternative target variable to model affect, and that they could be predicted exclusively by dialog features. Second, these were only true when trying to predict the abovementioned emotions using annotator?s data, suggesting that user bias does exist in a laboratory-led evaluation
Some Parallels Between Currency and Banking Crises: A Comment

Comment: What Nancy Marion does in this paper is to present a cohesive survey of three strands of literature: the theoretical literature on currency crises, banking crises, and the more recent papers that have attempted to link the two. It is the "twin crisis" literature, which focuses on banking crises in open economy models, that the paper devotes the most attention to. Like the literature on currency crises, very different interpretations of the causes of the twin crises have been offered and this paper lays out some of the key differences between first generation models, which stress the role of economic fundamentals, and second generation models, which highlight the role of self-fulfilling crises and multiplicity of equilibria.
Heterogeneity within Communities: A Stochastic Model with Tenure Choice

Standard explanations for the income heterogeneity within neighborhoods rely on differences of preferences across households and heterogeneity of the housing stock. We propose an alternative and complementary explanation. We construct a stochastic equilibrium sorting model where (1) income is the sole dimension of household heterogeneity, (2) households form state-contingent housing location plans that may involve moves over their lifetimes, (3) households choose whether to own or rent depending on the housing expenditure risk associated with each tenure mode, and (4) there is a probability that newcomer households move in and compete for homes with native households. Income mixing within neighborhood arises for two reasons. First, allowing natives to form state-contingent housing location plans breaks the indivisibility of housing consumption implicit in the literature where households choose their location once and for all. Second, natives can insure themselves against rent fluctuations by buying their home prior to the realization of the population shock; newcomers cannot. As a result, poorer natives stay in the more desirable communities and only richer newcomers move in these communities. Evidence from U.S. metropolitan areas supports the effects predicted by the model.
Expressive prosody in children with autism spectrum conditions

The expressive prosodic abilities of two groups of school-age children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC), Asperger's syndrome (AS) and high-functioning autism (HFA), were compared with those of typically-developing controls. The HFA group showed impairment relative to age-matched controls on all the prosody tasks assessed (affect, sentence-type, contrastive stress, phrasing and imitation) while the AS showed impairment only on phrasing and imitation. Compared with lexically-matched controls, impairment on several tasks (affect, contrastive stress and imitation) was found in the HFA group but little in the AS group (phrasing and imitation). Comparisons between the ASC groups showed significant differences on prosody skills. Impairment in prosodic skills may therefore be a reliable indicator of autism spectrum subgroups, at least as far as communicative functioning is concerned. There were also significant differences between ASC groups and lexically-matched typically-developing children on expressive language skills, but the incomplete correlation of the prosody results with scores on language tasks suggests that the prosodic differences between the two groups may not all be attributable to the level of language skills. Suggested further research is to investigate the relationship of prosody and language skills in this population more closely, and to develop a prosody test as part of the diagnostic criteria of ASC
Driftless gas proportional scintillation counter pulse analysis using digital processing techniques

A driftless gas proportional scintillation counter (GPSC) of simple design, using digital pulse-signature analysis, is described. The digital pulse acquisition and processing techniques are shown to be a simple and effective method to determine pulse time duration and to perform pulse amplitude correction in driftless GPSCs. This technique allows the application of driftless GPSCs to x-ray spectrometry up to 60 keV. Although the pulse throughput achieved by the digital pulse-height analyser in this application is limited to about 2 kHz, total interaction rates above 20 kHz can be tolerated by the detector without significant degradation of the pulse-height distributions obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.50
An interactive method for multiple objective linear fractional programming problems

Multiple objective linear fractional programming (MOLFP) is an important field of research. Using some branch and bound techniques, we have developed a new interactive method for MOLFP that drastically reduces the computational effort needed, while providing guidance for the decision maker in the choice of his/her preferred solutions. The basic idea of the computation phase of the algorithm is to optimize one of the fractional objective functions while constraining the others. Several linear programming problems, organized in a tree structure, are generated as the search evolves. The whole idea is simple and it results in a fast and very intuitive approach to exploring the non-dominated set of solutions in MOLFP, and eventually to finding the preferred solution.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00291-004-0191-
Cdk5: Multitasking between physiological and pathological conditions

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a peculiar proline-directed serine/threonine kinase. Unlike the other members of the Cdk family, Cdk5 is not directly involved in cell cycle regulation, being normally associated with neuronal processes such as migration, cortical layering and synaptic plasticity. This kinase is present mainly in post-mitotic neurons and its activity is tightly regulated by the interaction with the specific activators, p35 and p39.

Despite its pivotal role in CNS development, Cdk5 dysregulation has been implicated in different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and, most recently, prion-related encephalopathies (PRE). In these neurodegenerative conditions, Cdk5 overactivation and relocalization occurs upon association with p25, a truncated form of the normal activator p35. This activator switching will cause a shift in the phosphorylative pattern of Cdk5, with an alteration both in targets and activity, ultimately leading to neuronal demise.

In AD and PRE, two disorders that share clinical and neuropathological features, Cdk5 dysregulation is a linking event between the major neuropathological markers: amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic and neuronal loss. Moreover, this kinase was shown to be involved in abortive cell cycle re-entry, a feature recently proposed as a possible step in the neuronal apoptosis mechanism of several neurological diseases.

This review focuses on the role of Cdk5 in neurons, namely in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, synaptic function and cell survival, both in physiological and in pathological conditions, highlighting the relevance of Cdk5 in the main mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other brain pathologies
Iron biogeochemistry in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world’s ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (<0.1 nM) in summer 2010, with significant perturbations during spring 2010 in the Iceland Basin as a result of an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (up to 2.5 nM DFe near Iceland) with biogeochemical consequences. Deep water concentrations in the vicinity of the Reykjanes Ridge system were influenced by pronounced sediment resuspension, with indications for additional inputs by hydrothermal vents, with subsequent lateral transport of Fe and manganese plumes of up to 250–300 km. Particulate Fe formed the dominant pool, as evidenced by 4–17 fold higher total dissolvable Fe compared with DFe concentrations, and a dynamic exchange between the fractions appeared to buffer deep water DFe. Here we show that Fe supply associated with deep winter mixing (up to 103 nmol m−2 d−1) was at least ca. 4–10 times higher than atmospheric deposition, diffusive fluxes at the base of the summer mixed layer, and horizontal surface ocean fluxes