pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An isotopic investigation into the origins and husbandry of Mid-Late Bronze Age cattle from Grimes Graves, Norfolk

YesBioarchaeological evidence suggests that the site of Grimes Graves, Norfolk, characterised by the remains of several hundred Late Neolithic flint mineshafts, was a permanently settled community with a mixed farming economy during the Mid-Late Bronze Age (c. 1400 BC – c. 800 BC). The aim of this study was to investigate, through isotope ratio analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O), the origins and husbandry of Bronze Age cattle (Bos taurus) excavated from a mineshaft known as the “1972 shaft”. Strontium isotope ratios from the molar enamel of ten Grimes Graves cattle were compared with eight modern animals from the Chillingham Wild White cattle herd, Northumberland. The range of 87Sr/86Sr values for the modern cattle with known restricted mobility was low (0.00062) while the values for the Grimes Graves cattle varied much more widely (range = 0.00357) and suggest that at least five of the cattle were not born locally. Two of these animals were likely to have originated at a distance of ≥ 150 km. Intra-tooth δ13C profiles for eight of the Grimes Graves cattle show higher δ13C values compared to those of Early Bronze Age cattle from central England. Most of these profiles also display pronounced shifts in δ13C during the period of enamel formation. One possible interpretation is that the cattle were subject to dietary change resulting from movement between habitats with different vegetation δ13C values. More comparative data, both archaeological and modern, is required to validate this interpretation. The multi-isotope approach employed in this study suggests that certain cattle husbandry and/or landscape management practices may have been widely adopted throughout central Britain during the Mid-Late Bronze Age.AHRC Studentshi
A genomic exploration identifies mechanisms that may explain adverse cardiovascular effects of COX-2 inhibitors

Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are characterized by multiple molecular off-target effects and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, we systematically explored common variants of genes representing molecular targets of coxibs for association with CAD. Given a broad spectrum of pleiotropic effects of coxibs, our intention was to narrow potential mechanisms affecting CAD risk as we hypothesized that the affected genes may also display genomic signals of coronary disease risk. A Drug Gene Interaction Database search identified 47 gene products to be affected by coxibs. We traced association signals in 200-kb regions surrounding these genes in 84,813 CAD cases and 202,543 controls. Based on a threshold of 1 × 10-5 (Bonferroni correction for 3131 haplotype blocks), four gene loci yielded significant associations. The lead SNPs were rs7270354 (MMP9), rs4888383 (BCAR1), rs6905288 (VEGFA1), and rs556321 (CACNA1E). By additional genotyping, rs7270354 at MMP9 and rs4888383 at BCAR1 also reached the established GWAS threshold for genome-wide significance. The findings demonstrate overlap of genes affected by coxibs and those mediating CAD risk and points to further mechanisms, which are potentially responsible for coxib-associated CAD risk. The novel approach furthermore suggests that genetic studies may be useful to explore the clinical relevance of off-target drug effects
Carbon pricing in climate policy : seven reasons, complementary instruments, and political economy considerations

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Carbon pricing is a recurrent theme in debates on climate policy. Discarded at the 2009 COP in Copenhagen, it remained part of deliberations for a climate agreement in subsequent years. As there is still much misunderstanding about the many reasons to implement a global carbon price, ideological resistance against it prospers. Here, we present the main arguments for carbon pricing, to stimulate a fair and well‐informed discussion about it. These include considerations that have received little attention so far. We stress that a main reason to use carbon pricing is environmental effectiveness at a relatively low cost, which in turn contributes to enhance social and political acceptability of climate policy. This includes the property that corrected prices stimulate rapid environmental innovations. These arguments are underappreciated in the public debate, where pricing is frequently downplayed and the erroneous view that innovation policies are sufficient is widespread. Carbon pricing and technology policies are, though, largely complementary and thus are both needed for effective climate policy. We also comment on the complementarity of other instruments to carbon pricing. We further discuss distributional consequences of carbon pricing and present suggestions on how to address these. Other political economy issues that receive attention are lobbying, co‐benefits, international policy coordination, motivational crowding in/out, and long‐term commitment. The overview ends with reflections on implementing a global carbon price, whether through a carbon tax or emissions trading. The discussion goes beyond traditional arguments from environmental economics by including relevant insights from energy research and innovation studies as well
Towards saturation of the electron-capture delayed fission probability: the new isotopes ²⁴⁰Es and ²³⁶Bk

The new neutron-deficient nuclei ²⁴⁰Es and ²³⁶Bk were synthesised at the gas-filled recoil separator RITU. They were identified by their radioactive decay chains starting from ²⁴⁰Es produced in the fusion–evaporation reaction ²⁰⁹Bi(³⁴S,3n) ²⁴⁰Es. Half-lives of 6(2)s and 22ˍ₆⁺¹³s were obtained for ²⁴⁰Es and ²³⁶Bk, respectively. Two groups of α particles with energies Eα=8.19(3)MeV and 8.09(3)MeV were unambiguously assigned to ²⁴⁰Es. Electron-capture delayed fission branches with probabilities of 0.16(6) and 0.04(2) were measured for ²⁴⁰Es and ²³⁶Bk, respectively. These new data show a continuation of the exponential increase of ECDF probabilities in more neutron-deficient isotopes
HLA-DRB1 Amino Acid Positions 11/13, 71, and 74 Are Associated With Inflammation Level, Disease Activity, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Score in Patients With Inflammatory Polyarthritis

This is an open access article under the terms of the??Creative Commons Attribution??License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility HLA-DRB1 haplotypes based on amino acid positions 11/13, 71, and 74 predict radiographic damage. The mechanism of action is unknown, but it may be mediated by inflammation. We undertook this study to systematically investigate the effect of these amino acids on nonradiographic measures of disease activity/outcomes. METHODS: We tested the association of RA susceptibility HLA-DRB1 amino acids with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, the tender joint count (TJC), the swollen joint count (SJC), the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score in the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR) and Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Study (ERAS) cohorts. Longitudinal modeling of disease activity/outcomes was performed using generalized linear latent and mixed models. Mediation analysis was performed using directed acyclic graphs to investigate the paths from genetic factors to outcome. RESULTS: A total of 2,158 patients were available for analysis in the NOAR cohort. Valine at position 11 showed the strongest association with the CRP level (P???=???2.21 ?? 10-6 ), the SJC (P???=???7.51 ?? 10-6 ), and the DAS28 (P???=???0.002); it was marginally associated with the HAQ score (P???=???0.044) but not with the TJC. The same amino acid and haplotype risk hierarchy observed for susceptibility and radiographic severity was observed for the CRP level and nonradiographic measures of disease activity/outcome, apart from the TJC. The results were replicated in the ERAS cohort. The effect of valine at position 11 on the SJC was mainly mediated by anti-citrullinated protein antibody status, the effect of which was mainly mediated by inflammation; however, the effect of valine at position 11 was also independent of the CRP level (P???=???1.6 ?? 10-4 ). CONCLUSION: Genetic markers of RA susceptibility located within HLA-DRB1 determine the levels of clinical and systemic inflammation independently, and also determine all objective measures of disease activity and outcome
Third-order statistical linearization-based approach to derive equivalent linear properties of bilinear hysteretic systems for seismic response spectrum analysis

A novel statistical linearization based approach is proposed to derive effective linear properties (ELPs), namely damping ratio and natural frequency, for bilinear hysteretic SDOF systems subject to seismic excitation specified by an elastic response/design spectrum. First, an efficient numerical scheme is used to derive a power spectrum satisfying a certain statistical compatibility criterion with the given response spectrum. Next, the thus derived power spectrum is used in conjunction with a frequency domain higher-order statistical linearization formulation to replace the bilinear hysteretic system by a third order linear system by minimizing an appropriate error function in the least square sense. Then, this third order linear system is used to derive a second order linear oscillator possessing a set of ELPs by enforcing equality of certain response statistics of the two linear systems. The thus derived ELPs, are utilized to estimate the peak response of the considered nonlinear system in the context of linear response spectrum-based dynamic analysis. In this manner the need for numerical integration of the nonlinearequation of motion is circumvented. Numerical results pertaining to the European EC8 uniform hazard elastic response spectrum are presented to demonstrate the applicability and the usefulness of the proposed approach. These are further supported by Monte Carlo analyses involving an ensemble of 250 non-stationary artificial EC8 spectrum compatible accelerograms. It is believed that the proposed approach can be an effective tool in the preliminary aseismic design stages of yielding structures following either a force-based or a displacement-based methodology
GRB 050410 and GRB 050412: are they really dark GRBs?

We present a detailed analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission of GRB
050410 and GRB 050412 detected by Swift for which no optical counterpart was
observed. The 15-150 keV energy distribution of the GRB 050410 prompt emission
shows a peak energy at 53 keV. The XRT light curve of this GRB decays as a
power law with a slope of alpha=1.06+/-0.04. The spectrum is well reproduced by
an absorbed power law with a spectral index Gamma_x=2.4+/-0.4 and a low energy
absorption N_H=4(+3;-2)x10^21 cm^(-2) which is higher than the Galactic value.
The 15-150 keV prompt emission in GRB 050412 is modelled with a hard
(Gamma=0.7+/-0.2) power law. The XRT light curve follows a broken power law
with the first slope alpha_1=0.7+/-0.4, the break time T_break=254(-41;+79) s
and the second slope alpha_2=2.8(-0.8;+0.5). The spectrum is fitted by a power
law with spectral index Gamma_x=1.3+/-0.2 which is absorbed at low energies by
the Galactic column. The GRB 050410 afterglow reveals the expected
characteristics of the third component of the canonical Swift light curve.
Conversely, a complex phenomenology was detected in the GRB 050412 because of
the presence of the very early break. The light curve in this case can be
interpreted as being the last peak of the prompt emission. The two bursts
present tight upper limits for the optical emission, however, neither of them
can be clearly classified as dark. For GRB 050410, the suppression of the
optical afterglow could be attributed to a low density interstellar medium
surrounding the burst. For GRB 050412, the evaluation of the darkness is more
difficult due to the ambiguity in the extrapolation of the X-ray afterglow
light curve.Comment: 6 figures, 9 pages, accepted for publication in A&
Infrared structure at NNLO using antenna subtraction

We consider the infrared structure of hadron-hadron collisions at next-to-next-to leading order using the antenna subtraction method. The general form of the subtraction terms is presented for double real, real-virtual and double virtual contributions. At NLO and NNLO it is shown that the virtual and double virtual subtraction terms can be written in terms of integrated dipoles, formed by systematically combining the mass factorisation contributions and integrated antenna functions. The integrated dipoles describing ℓ unresolved partons, denoted J_2^{{( ell )}} , are related to Catani's IR singularity operators, I_{ij}^{{( ell )}}( in ) . It is shown that the IR pole structure of the virtual and double virtual contributions can be written as a sum over integrated dipoles within the antenna subtraction formalism and the master expressions analogous to Catani's one- and two-loop factorisation formulae are derived. To demonstrate the techniques described in this paper, we apply antenna subtraction to the production of two gluon jets via quark-antiquark scattering at NLO and NNLO. Double real, real-virtual and double virtual subtraction terms are explicitly derived for the leading colour NNLO contribution
Inclusive search for a vector-like T quark with charge 2/3 in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is performed for a massive new vector-like quark T, with charge 2/3, that is pair produced together with its antiparticle in proton-proton collisions. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. The T quark is assumed to decay into three different final states, bW, tZ, and tH. The search is carried out using events with at least one isolated lepton. No deviations from standard model expectations are observed, and lower limits are set on the T quark mass at 95% confidence level. The lower limit lies between 687 and 782 GeV for all possible values of the branching fractions into the three different final states assuming strong production. These limits are the most stringent constraints to date on the existence of such a quark
Kin discrimination allows plants to modify investment towards pollinator attraction

Pollinators tend to be preferentially attracted to large floral displays that may comprise more\ud
than one plant in a patch. Attracting pollinators thus not only benefits individuals investing in\ud
advertising, but also other plants in a patch through a ‘magnet’ effect. Accordingly, there\ud
could be an indirect fitness advantage to greater investment in costly floral displays by plants\ud
in kin-structured groups than when in groups of unrelated individuals. Here, we seek evidence\ud
for this strategy by manipulating relatedness in groups of the plant Moricandia moricandioides,\ud
an insect-pollinated herb that typically grows in patches. As predicted, individuals growing\ud
with kin, particularly at high density, produced larger floral displays than those growing with\ud
non-kin. Investment in attracting pollinators was thus moulded by the presence and relatedness\ud
of neighbours, exemplifying the importance of kin recognition in the evolution of plant\ud
reproductive strategies.This work was part of a project that has received funding from the\ud
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie\ud
Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 655653 and from Fundación BBVA (PR17-\ud
ECO-0021) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CGL2017-\ud
86626-C2-1-P).Peer reviewe
Multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type: Gauss-Borel factorization
  and the multi-component 2D Toda hierarchy

Multiple orthogonality is considered in the realm of a Gauss--Borel
factorization problem for a semi-infinite moment matrix. Perfect combinations
of weights and a finite Borel measure are constructed in terms of M-Nikishin
systems. These perfect combinations ensure that the problem of mixed multiple
orthogonality has a unique solution, that can be obtained from the solution of
a Gauss--Borel factorization problem for a semi-infinite matrix, which plays
the role of a moment matrix. This leads to sequences of multiple orthogonal
polynomials, their duals and second kind functions. It also gives the
corresponding linear forms that are bi-orthogonal to the dual linear forms.
Expressions for these objects in terms of determinants from the moment matrix
are given, recursion relations are found, which imply a multi-diagonal Jacobi
type matrix with snake shape, and results like the ABC theorem or the
Christoffel--Darboux formula are re-derived in this context (using the
factorization problem and the generalized Hankel symmetry of the moment
matrix). The connection between this description of multiple orthogonality and
the multi-component 2D Toda hierarchy, which can be also understood and studied
through a Gauss--Borel factorization problem, is discussed. Deformations of the
weights, natural for M-Nikishin systems, are considered and the correspondence
with solutions to the integrable hierarchy, represented as a collection of Lax
equations, is explored. Corresponding Lax and Zakharov--Shabat matrices as well
as wave functions and their adjoints are determined. The construction of
discrete flows is discussed in terms of Miwa transformations which involve
Darboux transformations for the multiple orthogonality conditions. The bilinear
equations are derived and the $\tau$-function representation of the multiple
orthogonality is given.Comment: 53 pages. In this version minor revisions regarding the
  Christoffel-Darboux operators are performe
Stable partitions in additively separable hedonic games

An important aspect in systems of multiple autonomous agents is the
exploitation of synergies via coalition formation. In this paper, we solve
various open problems concerning the computational complexity of stable
partitions in additively separable hedonic games. First, we propose a
polynomial-time algorithm to compute a contractually individually stable
partition. This contrasts with previous results such as the NP-hardness of
computing individually stable or Nash stable partitions. Secondly, we prove
that checking whether the core or the strict core exists is NP-hard in the
strong sense even if the preferences of the players are symmetric. Finally, it
is shown that verifying whether a partition consisting of the grand coalition
is contractually strict core stable or Pareto optimal is coNP-complete.Comment: 13 pages, 5 Figure
Gelfand-Tsetlin polytopes and Feigin-Fourier-Littelmann polytopes as
  marked poset polytopes

Stanley (1986) showed how a finite partially ordered set gives rise to two
polytopes, called the order polytope and chain polytope, which have the same
Ehrhart polynomial despite being quite different combinatorially. We generalize
his result to a wider family of polytopes constructed from a poset P with
integers assigned to some of its elements.
  Through this construction, we explain combinatorially the relationship
between the Gelfand-Tsetlin polytopes (1950) and the Feigin-Fourier-Littelmann
polytopes (2010), which arise in the representation theory of the special
linear Lie algebra. We then use the generalized Gelfand-Tsetlin polytopes of
Berenstein and Zelevinsky (1989) to propose conjectural analogues of the
Feigin-Fourier-Littelmann polytopes corresponding to the symplectic and odd
orthogonal Lie algebras.Comment: 12 page
Estimating the synaptic current in a multi-conductance AMPA receptor
  model

A pre-synaptic neuron releases diffusing neurotransmitters such as glutamate
that activate post-synaptic receptors. The amplitude of the post-synaptic
current, mostly mediated by glutamatergic (AMPARs) receptors, is a fundamental
signal that may generate an action potential. However, although various
simulation results \cite{kullman,Barbour,Raghavachari} have addressed how
synapses control the post-synaptic current, it is still unclear how this
current depends analytically on factors such as the synaptic cleft geometry,
the distribution, the number and the multi-conductance state of receptors, the
geometry of post-synaptic density (PSD) and the neurotransmitter release
location. To estimate the synaptic current maximal amplitude, we present a
semi-analytical model of glutamate diffusing in the synaptic cleft. We modeled
receptors as multi-conductance channels and we find that PSD morphological
changes can significantly modulate the synaptic current, which is maximally
reliable (the coefficient of variation is minimal) for an optimal size of the
PSD, that depends on the vesicular release active zone. The existence of an
optimal PSD size is related to nonlinear phenomena such as the multi-binding
cooperativity of the neurotransmitter to the receptors. We conclude that
changes in the PSD geometry can sustain a form of synaptic plasticity,
independent of a change in the number of receptors
Criterion of unitary similarity for upper triangular matrices in general
  position

Each square complex matrix is unitarily similar to an upper triangular matrix
with diagonal entries in any prescribed order. Let A and B be upper triangular
n-by-n matrices that (i) are not similar to direct sums of matrices of smaller
sizes, or (ii) are in general position and have the same main diagonal. We
prove that A and B are unitarily similar if and only if ||h(A_k)||=||h(B_k)||
for all complex polynomials h(x) and k=1, 2, . . , n, where A_k and B_k are the
principal k-by-k submatrices of A and B, and ||M|| is the Frobenius norm of M.Comment: 16 page
Re-acceleration of Nonthermal Particles at Weak Cosmological Shock Waves

We examine diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of the pre-exisiting as well as
freshly injected populations of nonthermal, cosmic-ray (CR) particles at weak
cosmological shocks. Assuming simple models for thermal leakage injection and
Alfv\'enic drift, we derive analytic, time-dependent solutions for the two
populations of CRs accelerated in the test-particle regime. We then compare
them with the results from kinetic DSA simulations for shock waves that are
expected to form in intracluster media and cluster outskirts in the course of
large-scale structure formation. We show that the test-particle solutions
provide a good approximation for the pressure and spectrum of CRs accelerated
at these weak shocks. Since the injection is extremely inefficient at weak
shocks, the pre-existing CR population dominates over the injected population.
If the pressure due to pre-existing CR protons is about 5 % of the gas thermal
pressure in the upstream flow, the downstream CR pressure can absorb typically
a few to 10 % of the shock ram pressure at shocks with the Mach number $M \la
3$. Yet, the re-acceleration of CR electrons can result in a substantial
synchrotron emission behind the shock. The enhancement in synchrotron radiation
across the shock is estimated to be about a few to several for $M \sim 1.5$ and
$10^2-10^3$ for $M \sim 3$, depending on the detail model parameters. The
implication of our findings for observed bright radio relics is discussed.Comment: Submitted to ApJ. Pdf with full resolution figures can be downloaded
  from http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/ryu/kr.pd