pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Ordinal proximity measures in the context of unbalanced qualitativescales and some applications to consensus and clustering

Producción CientíficaIn this paper, we introduce ordinal proximity measures in the setting of unbalanced qualitative scales by comparing the proximities between linguistic terms without numbers, in a purely ordinal approach. With this new tool, we propose how to measure the consensus in a set of agents when they assess a set of alternatives through an unbalanced qualitative scale. We also introduce an agglomerative hierarchical clustering procedure based on these consensus measures.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (ECO2012-32178)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA066U13
Tourist destination marketing: From sustainability myopia to memorable experiences

This study explores the way in which consumers interpret and process the marketing and communication of sustainable forms of tourism in destinations, in order to inform policy makers about the appropriateness of different types of sustainability messages. Through a thematic analysis of focus group data, we explore the ways in which consumers engage with, and respond to, explicit discourses of sustainability in marketing a tourist destination. We find that overt discourses of sustainability are often rejected by consumers, thus suggesting that messages concerned with sustainability should place greater priority upon consumer experience and opportunities afforded by the purchase and consumption of the travel experience (that happens to be sustainable) they can expect at their chosen destination. As such, commitments to sustainability manifest within organisational philosophy and practice should not drive the principle, overt discourse communicated to consumers. Rather, as embedded within product and practice, such messages would have greater power and effect if they occupied a more subliminal position in destination marketing materials
Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of13; (1 x2013; x)[Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3]x2013;x[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3],13; 0 xA3; x xA3; 1

The dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric13; properties of ceramic materials of compositions13; (1 x2013; x)[Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3]x2013;x[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3],13; x = (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) were studied. The above13; compositions were prepared by mixing the individual13; Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3 (PLZT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)13; O3 (PMN) powders in order to design materials with13; different combination of piezo and dielectric properties.13; The powders were calcined at 850 C for 4 h. The presence13; of various phases in the calcined powders was13; characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique.13; The compacts were prepared by uniaxial pressing and13; were sintered at 1250 C for 2 h. The sintered compacts13; were electroded, poled at 2 kV/mm dc voltage and their13; dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties13; were measured. In general, it was observed that the13; dielectric constant, loss factor and the slimness of the13; ferroelectric curves increase with the PMN content13; while the remnant polarization, saturation polarization,13; and the coercive fields were decreased. It is now possible13; to design materials with a wide combination of d33, K,13; and loss factor by varying PLZT and PMN ratio
Anatomy of a glacial meltwater discharge event in an Antarctic Cove

Glacial meltwater discharge from Antarctica is a key influence on the marine environment, impacting ocean circulation, sea level and productivity of the pelagic and benthic ecosystems. The responses elicited depend strongly on the characteristics of the meltwater releases, including timing, spatial structure and geochemical composition. Here we use isotopic tracers to reveal the time-varying pattern of meltwater during a discharge event from the Fourcade Glacier into Potter Cove, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The discharge is strongly dependent on local air temperature, and accumulates into an extremely thin, buoyant layer at the surface. This layer showed evidence of elevated turbidity, and responded rapidly to changes in atmospherically driven circulation to generate a strongly pulsed outflow from the cove to the broader ocean. These characteristics contrast with those further south along the Peninsula, where strong glacial frontal ablation is driven oceanographically by intrusions of warm deep waters from offshore. The Fourcade Glacier switched very recently to being land-terminating; if retreat rates elsewhere along the Peninsula remain high and glacier termini progress strongly landward, the structure and impact of the freshwater discharges are likely to increasingly resemble the patterns elucidated here
Mapping interactions between the sustainable development goals: lessons learned and ways forward

Pursuing integrated research and decision-making to advance action on the sustainable development goals (SDGs) fundamentally depends on understanding interactions between the SDGs, both negative ones (“trade-offs”) and positive ones (“co-benefits”). This quest, triggered by the 2030 Agenda, has however pointed to a gap in current research and policy analysis regarding how to think systematically about interactions across the SDGs. This paper synthesizes experiences and insights from the application of a new conceptual framework for mapping and assessing SDG interactions using a defined typology and characterization approach. Drawing on results from a major international research study applied to the SDGs on health, energy and the ocean, it analyses how interactions depend on key factors such as geographical context, resource endowments, time horizon and governance. The paper discusses the future potential, barriers and opportunities for applying the approach in scientific research, in policy making and in bridging the two through a global SDG Interactions Knowledge Platform as a key mechanism for assembling, systematizing and aggregating knowledge on interactions
Airflow patterns through a sliding door during opening and foot traffic in operating rooms

Producción CientíficaIt is common practice for operating rooms (OR) to have more pressure than the adjacent enclosures. This is to prevent the entry of potentially contaminated air and the consequent risk of wound infection. However, when the OR door is opened the pressure difference between the two areas disappears and can cause containment failures. If a person enters or leaves the OR during door operation, additional perturbations are also generated in the airflow pattern in the doorway. In this paper, instantaneous airflows are measured during the passage of a person through a sliding door in a real OR with the HVAC system working under operating conditions. An ultrasonic anemometer that measures the magnitude and direction of the instantaneous air velocity in the doorway is used. Results show that, even though the OR has a sliding door and an initial overpressure of 20 Pa, together with what is, a priori, a good HVAC system control strategy, a small volume of air enters the OR during a cycle of door opening and closing even without the passage of a person. Furthermore, if a person walks through the door the volume of air entering the OR is higher, especially if the person enters the OR. © 2016 Elsevier LtdMinistry of Economy and Competiveness  project DPI2014-55357-C2-1-R  cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
Comparative assessment of global irradiation from a satellite estimate model (CM SAF) and on-ground measurements (SIAR): a Spanish case study

An analysis and comparison of daily and yearly solar irradiation from the satellite CM SAF\ud
database and a set of 301 stations from the Spanish SIAR network is performed using data of\ud
2010 and 2011. This analysis is completed with the comparison of the estimations of effective\ud
irradiation incident on three different tilted planes (fixed, two axis tracking, north-south hori-\ud
zontal axis) using irradiation from these two data sources. Finally, a new map of yearly values\ud
of irradiation both on the horizontal plane and on inclined planes is produced mixing both\ud
sources with geostatistical techniques (kriging with external drift, KED)\ud
The Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) between CM SAF and SIAR is approximately 4% for\ud
the irradiation on the horizontal plane and is comprised between 5% and 6% for the irradiation\ud
incident on the inclined planes. The MAD between KED and SIAR, and KED and CM SAF is\ud
approximately 3% for the irradiation on the horizontal plane and is comprised between 3% and\ud
4% for the irradiation incident on the inclined planes.\ud
The methods have been implemented using free software, available as supplementary ma-\ud
terial, and the data sources are freely available without restrictions
Amorphous zinc borate as a simple standard for baseline correction in Raman spectra

In this paper, our research group proposes a simple solution to a usual problem that appears in the Raman analysis of some substances, which is the presence of weak Raman signals, probably in combination with a high‐intensity luminescence background, affected by the presence of distortions in the baseline. Under this condition, the spectroscopist has to face spectra hard to edit and correct and thus hard to study. There are already some standard solutions that allow the correction of spectra from relative intensity to absolute intensity that also solves this problem and also allow quantitative analyses. But these solutions imply expensive standards or devices that could not be a worthy option when not working in absolute intensity or the Raman analyses stay at qualitative level and a quantitative study is not needed. The alternative Do It Yourself solution proposed in this paper is based on the use of amorphous zinc borate, an easy‐to‐find substance, which after a simple processing allows us to correct the baseline of Raman spectra qualitatively, offering a useful and economic reference when an absolute intensity correction is not needed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure, some spectra were corrected using amorphous zinc borate and then compared the signal‐to‐noise ratio of some Raman signals before and after this correction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.MINECO ESP2014-56138-C3-1-
Chemical polymorphism of the essential oils from populations of Thymus caespititius grown on the islands Pico, Faial and Graciosa (Azores)

The compositions of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of 11 populations of Thymus caespititius collected during the flowering phase on Pico, Faial and Graciosa (Azores) were studied by GC and GC-MS. The monoterpene fraction was dominant in all the oils analysed (55-90%) and consisted mainly of oxygen-containing compounds (44-79%). Sesquiterpenes represented an important fraction of the oils from the populations grown on Graciosa (13-28%). In contrast, this fraction was rather small in the oils from the populations grown on Pico and Faial (6-11%). Despite this, oxygen-containing compounds (4-18%) were always dominant. Cluster analysis of all identified oil components grouped the oils into three main clusters that corresponded with their main components. The oils from the 11 populations studied showed a clear chemical polymorphism that, in some cases, was more evident among populations growing on the same island than among those from different islands. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.70
A comparative study of Monte Carlo-coupled depletion codes applied to a Sodium Fast Reactor design loaded with minor actinides

inor actinides (MAs) transmutation is a main design objective of advanced nuclear systems such as generation IV Sodium Fast Reactors (SFRs). In advanced fuel cycles, MA contents in final high level waste packages are main contributors to short term heat production as well as to long-term radiotoxicity. Therefore, MA transmutation would have an impact on repository designs and would reduce the environment burden of nuclear energy. In order to predict such consequences Monte Carlo (MC) transport codes are used in reactor design tasks and they are important complements and references for routinely used deterministic computational tools. In this paper two promising Monte Carlo transport-coupled depletion codes, EVOLCODE and SERPENT, are used to examine the impact of MA burning strategies in a SFR core, 3600 MWth. The core concept proposal for MA loading in two configurations is the result of an optimization effort upon a preliminary reference design to reduce the reactivity insertion as a consequence of sodium voiding, one of the main concerns of this technology. The objective of this paper is double. Firstly, efficiencies of the two core configurations for MA transmutation are addressed and evaluated in terms of actinides mass changes and reactivity coefficients. Results are compared with those without MA loading. Secondly, a comparison of the two codes is provided. The discrepancies in the results are quantified and discussed
Fluctuation theorems for harmonic oscillators

We study experimentally the thermal fluctuations of energy input and
dissipation in a harmonic oscillator driven out of equilibrium, and search for
Fluctuation Relations. We study transient evolution from the equilibrium state,
together with non equilibrium steady states. Fluctuations Relations are
obtained experimentally for both the work and the heat, for the stationary and
transient evolutions. A Stationary State Fluctuation Theorem is verified for
the two time prescriptions of the torque. But a Transient Fluctuation Theorem
is satisfied for the work given to the system but not for the heat dissipated
by the system in the case of linear forcing. Experimental observations on the
statistical and dynamical properties of the fluctuation of the angle, we derive
analytical expressions for the probability density function of the work and the
heat. We obtain for the first time an analytic expression of the probability
density function of the heat. Agreement between experiments and our modeling is
excellent
Entanglement Entropy for Probe Branes

We give a prescription for calculating the entanglement entropy in
holographic probe brane systems by systematically taking the leading order
backreaction of the probe brane into account. We find a simple compact double
integral formula, which is insensitive to many details of the backreaction,
most notably the internal space or the non-metric fields sourced by the probe.
We validate our method by comparing to exact results in solvable toy models. We
also determine the entanglement entropies for a sphere and a strip in the
top-down D3/D7 and D3/D5 system. For the sphere the entanglement entropy has
also been obtained by other methods and we find perfect agreement.Comment: 31 page
Generation of two-color polarization-entangled optical beams with a
  self-phase-locked two-crystal Optical Parametric Oscillator

A new device to generate polarization-entangled light in the continuous
variable regime is introduced. It consists of an Optical Parametric Oscillator
with two type-II phase-matched non-linear crystals orthogonally oriented,
associated with birefringent elements for adjustable linear coupling. We give
in this paper a theoretical study of its classical and quantum properties. It
is shown that two optical beams with adjustable frequencies and well-defined
polarization can be emitted. The Stokes parameters of the two beams are
entangled. The principal advantage of this setup is the possibility to directly
generate polarization entangled light without the need of mixing four modes on
beam splitters as required in current experimental setups. This device opens
new directions for the study of light-matter interfaces and generation of
multimode non-classical light and higher dimensional phase space
Detecting Broken PT-Symmetry

A fundamental problem in the theory of PT-invariant quantum systems is to
determine whether a given system `respects' this symmetry or not. If not, the
system usually develops non-real eigenvalues. It is shown in this contribution
how to algorithmically detect the existence of complex eigenvalues for a given
PT-symmetric matrix. The procedure uses classical results from stability theory
which qualitatively locate the zeros of real polynomials in the complex plane.
The interest and value of the present approach lies in the fact that it avoids
diagonalization of the Hamiltonian at hand.Comment: 8 page
What lies at the heart of good undergraduate teaching? A case study in organic chemistry

This is a post-print of an article published by the Royal Society of Chemistry available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C1RP90042K.Teaching organic chemistry at the undergraduate level has long been regarded as challenging and students are often alienated by the mass of detail which seems to characterise the subject. In this paper we investigate the practice of an accomplished lecturer by trying to capture and portray his pedagogical content knowledge, PCK, in order to reveal his tacit knowledge as a resource for others. Data analysed from interviews and a set of five introductory lectures showed the framing of Big Ideas designed to underpin later work in the course. Five manifestations of his practice emerged strongly from the data analysis, namely Explanations, Representations, Interaction with Students, Curricular Saliency and Topic Specific Strategies. This realisation allowed us to make inferences about his underlying knowledge and beliefs regarding how the discipline should be taught. We found that the most important aspect of his practice was his recognition of the basic underlying concepts to be mastered before starting the main part of the course, and his strong beliefs related to the learning of the discipline. The extraction and portrayal of these practices are a valuable resource for novice lecturers
A domain decomposition matrix-free method for global linear stability

This work is dedicated to the presentation of a matrix-free method for global linear stability analysis in geometries composed of multi-connected rectangular subdomains.

An Arnoldi technique using snapshots in subdomains of the entire geometry combined with a multidomain linearized Direct Numerical Finite difference simulations based on an influence matrix for partitioning are adopted. The method is illustrated by three benchmark problems: the lid-driven cavity, the square cylinder and the open cavity flow.

The efficiency of the method to extract large-scale structures in a multidomain framework is emphasized. The possibility to use subset of the full domain to recover the perturbation associated with the entire flow field is also highlighted. Such a method appears thus a promising tool to deal with large computational domains and three-dimensionality within a parallel architecture
Surface roughness prediction in milling based on tool displacements

In this paper, an experimental device using non-contact displacement sensors for the investigation of milling tool behaviour is presented. It enables the recording of high frequency tool vibrations during milling operations. The aim of this study is related to the surface topography prediction using tool displacements and based on tool center point methodology. From the recorded signals and the machining parameters, the tool deformation is modeled. Then, from the calculated deflection, the surface topography
in 3D can be predicted. In recent studies, displacements in XY plane have been measured to predict the surface topography in flank milling. In this article, the angular deflection of the tool is also considered. This leads to the prediction of surfaces obtained in flank milling as well as in end milling operations. Validation tests were carried out: the predicted profiles were compared to the measured profile. The results show that the prediction corresponds well in shape and amplitude with the measurement
Ion Temperature Evolution in an Ultracold Neutral Plasma

We study the long-time evolution of the ion temperature in an expanding
ultracold neutral plasma using spatially resolved, laser-induced-fluorescence
spectroscopy. Adiabatic cooling reduces the ion temperature by an order of
magnitude during the plasma expansion, to temperatures as low as 0.2 K. Cooling
is limited by heat exchange between ions and the much hotter electrons. We also
present evidence for an additional heating mechanism and discuss possible
sources. Data are described by a model of the plasma evolution, including the
effects of ion-electron heat exchange. We show that for appropriate initial
conditions, the degree of Coulomb coupling of ions in the plasma increases
during expansion
Language, relationships and skills in mixed-nationality Active Learning classrooms

Based on a phenomenological exploration of Chinese students at a UK university business school, this article supports a growing body of research questioning the assumptions underpinning the putative Socratic/Confucian dichotomy of academic cultures. Beginning with a review of research literature on the experiences of Chinese students on Active Learning courses, the main part of the study is based on an analysis of qualitative interviews conducted in English and Mandarin. Findings suggest that, whilst Active Learning pedagogies are perceived as supporting their learning on these modules, for some students the ‘double-learning agenda’ entailed by these pedagogies can make their classrooms an uncomfortable space. The conclusion makes a strong case for reconceptualising the ‘language problems’ reported by many international students as ‘conversational problems’, and for recognising the nexus of language, relationships and meta-cognitive skills as legitimate areas for intervention by teachers in their role as facilitators of Active Learning
Comprehensive validation of published immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer-what has gone wrong? A blueprint for the way forward in biomarker studies

BACKGROUND\ud
\ud
Treatment planning of localised prostate cancer remains challenging. Besides conventional parameters, a wealth of prognostic biomarkers has been proposed so far. None of which, however, have successfully been implemented in a routine setting so far. The aim of our study was to systematically verify a set of published prognostic markers for prostate cancer.\ud
\ud
METHODS\ud
\ud
Following an in-depth PubMed search, 28 markers were selected that have been proposed as multivariate prognostic markers for primary prostate cancer. Their prognostic validity was examined in a radical prostatectomy cohort of 238 patients with a median follow-up of 60 months and biochemical progression as endpoint of the analysis. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using previously published cut-off values, but allowing for optimisation if necessary. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to determine the prognostic value of biomarkers included in this study.\ud
\ud
RESULTS\ud
\ud
Despite the application of various cut-offs in the analysis, only four (14%) markers were verified as independently prognostic (AKT1, stromal AR, EZH2, and PSMA) for PSA relapse following radical prostatectomy.\ud
\ud
CONCLUSIONS\ud
\ud
Apparently, many immunohistochemistry-based studies on prognostic markers seem to be over-optimistic. Codes of best practice, such as the REMARK guidelines, may facilitate the performance of conclusive and transparent future studies
Hybrid topological derivative and gradient-based methods for electrical impedance tomography

We present a technique to reconstruct the electromagnetic properties of a medium or a set of objects buried inside it from boundary measurements when applying electric currents through a set of electrodes. The electromagnetic parameters may be recovered by means of a gradient method without a priori information on the background. The shape, location and size of objects, when present, are determined by a topological derivative-based iterative procedure. The combination of both strategies allows improved reconstructions of the objects and their properties, assuming a known background