pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Lifting the Gribov ambiguity in Yang–Mills theories

AbstractWe propose a new one-parameter family of Landau gauges for Yang–Mills theories which can be formulated by means of functional integral methods and are thus well suited for analytic calculations, but which are free of Gribov ambiguities and avoid the Neuberger zero problem of the standard Faddeev–Popov construction. The resulting gauge-fixed theory is perturbatively renormalizable in four dimensions and, for what concerns the calculation of ghost and gauge field correlators, it reduces to a massive extension of the Faddeev–Popov action. We study the renormalization group flow of this theory at one-loop and show that it has no Landau pole in the infrared for some – including physically relevant – range of values of the renormalized parameters
Moisture monitoring in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography

AbstractSystems and methods are described for monitoring temporal and spatial moisture content changes in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) imaging. The methodology is based upon development of a robust relationship between fill resistivity and moisture content and its use in the transformation of resistivity image differences in terms of relative moisture content changes. Moisture level and moisture content movement applications are exemplified using two case histories from the UK. The first is the BIONICS embankment, near Newcastle (NE England), which was constructed in 2005 using varying degrees of compaction of a medium plasticity sandy, silty clay derived from the Durham Till. The second is a Victorian embankment south of Nottingham (Central England), constructed in 1897 using end tipping of Late Triassic siltstone and mudstone taken from local cuttings. Climate change forecasts for the UK suggest that transportation earthworks will be subjected to more sustained, higher temperatures and increased intensity of rainfall. Within the context of preventative geotechnical asset maintenance, ERT imaging can provide a monitoring framework to manage moisture movement and identify failure trigger conditions within embankments, thus supporting on demand inspection scheduling and low cost early interventions
Vector meson mass corrections at O(a2) in PQChPT with Wilson and Ginsparg–Wilson quarks

AbstractWe derive the mixed as well as unmixed lattice heavy meson chiral Lagrangian up to order O(a2), with Wilson and Ginsparg–Wilson fermions. We consider two flavor partially quenched QCD and calculate vector meson mass corrections up to order O(a2), including the corrections associated with the violation of rotational O(4) symmetry down to the hypercubic group. Our calculations also include the one-loop, phenomenological contribution from the ρ→ππ decay channel. The final result is a chiral-continuum extrapolation formula with model dependent coefficients from which one can recover the physical ρ meson mass from the large amount of current lattice data. As a verification of our result, the chiral-continuum extrapolation formula is compared with that used in numerical simulations
Determinants of changes in sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time among 9 and 12year old children

AbstractThe current study aimed to identify the determinants of objectively measured changes in sedentary time and sedentary fragmentation from age 9- to age 12years. Data were collected as part of the Gateshead Millennium Birth Cohort study from September 2008 to August 2009 and from January 2012 to November 2012. Participants were 9.3 (±0.4) years at baseline (n=508) and 12.5 (±0.3) years at follow-up (n=427). Sedentary behaviour was measured using an ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer. Twenty potential determinants were measured, within a socio-ecological model, and tested for their association with changes in sedentary time and the extent to which sedentary behaviour is prolonged or interrupted (fragmentation index). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. Measurements taken during winter and a greater decrease in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) over time were associated with larger increases in sedentary time (seasonality β: −3.03; 95% CI: −4.52, −1.54; and change in MVPA β: −1.68; 95% CI: −1.94, −1.41). Attendance at sport clubs was associated with smaller increases in sedentary time (−1.99; −3.44, −0.54). Girls showed larger decreases in fragmentation index (−0.52; −1.01, −0.02). Interventions aimed at decreasing the decline in MVPA and increasing/maintaining sport club attendance may prevent the rise in sedentary time as children grow older. In addition, winter could be targeted to prevent an increase in sedentary time and reduction in sedentary fragmentation during this season
Beam dump experiment at future electron–positron colliders

AbstractWe propose a new beam dump experiment at future colliders with electron (e−) and positron (e+) beams, BDee, which will provide a new possibility to search for hidden particles, like hidden photon. If a particle detector is installed behind the beam dump, it can detect the signal of in-flight decay of the hidden particles produced by the scatterings of e± beams off materials for dumping. We show that, compared to past experiments, BDee (in particular BDee at e+e− linear collider) significantly enlarges the parameter region where the signal of the hidden particle can be discovered
D6-brane model building on Z2×Z6: MSSM-like and left–right symmetric models

AbstractWe perform a systematic search for globally defined MSSM-like and left–right symmetric models on D6-branes on the T6/(Z2×Z6×ΩR) orientifold with discrete torsion. Our search is exhaustive for models that are independent of the value of the one free complex structure modulus. Preliminary investigations suggest that there exists one prototype of visible sector for MSSM-like and another for left–right symmetric models with differences arising from various hidden sector completions to global models. For each prototype, we provide the full matter spectrum, as well as the Yukawa and other three-point couplings needed to render vector-like matter states massive. This provides us with tentative explanations for the mass hierarchies within the quark and lepton sectors. We also observe that the MSSM-like models correspond to explicit realisations of the supersymmetric DFSZ axion model, and that the left–right symmetric models allow for global completions with either completely decoupled hidden sectors or with some messenger states charged under both visible and hidden gauge groups
Born–Infeld axion–dilaton electrodynamics and electromagnetic confinement

AbstractA generalization of Born–Infeld non-linear vacuum electrodynamics involving axion and dilaton fields is constructed with couplings dictated by electromagnetic duality and SL(2,R) symmetries in the weak field limit. Besides the Newtonian gravitational constant the model contains a single fundamental coupling parameter b0. In the absence of axion and dilaton interactions it reduces in the limit b0↦∞ to Maxwellʼs linear vacuum theory while for finite b0 it reduces to the original Born–Infeld model. The spherically symmetric static sector of the theory is explored in a flat background spacetime in the Jordan frame where numerical evidence suggests the existence of axion–dilaton bound states possessing confined electric flux
Effects of rhythmic stimulus presentation on oscillatory brain activity: the physiology of cueing in Parkinson’s disease

AbstractThe basal ganglia play an important role in beat perception and patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are impaired in perception of beat-based rhythms. Rhythmic cues are nonetheless beneficial in gait rehabilitation, raising the question how rhythm improves movement in PD. We addressed this question with magnetoencephalography recordings during a choice response task with rhythmic and non-rhythmic modes of stimulus presentation. Analyses focused on (i) entrainment of slow oscillations, (ii) the depth of beta power modulation, and (iii) whether a gain in modulation depth of beta power, due to rhythmicity, is of predictive or reactive nature. The results show weaker phase synchronisation of slow oscillations and a relative shift from predictive to reactive movement-related beta suppression in PD. Nonetheless, rhythmic stimulus presentation increased beta modulation depth to the same extent in patients and controls. Critically, this gain selectively increased the predictive and not reactive movement-related beta power suppression. Operation of a predictive mechanism, induced by rhythmic stimulation, was corroborated by a sensory gating effect in the sensorimotor cortex. The predictive mode of cue utilisation points to facilitation of basal ganglia-premotor interactions, contrasting with the popular view that rhythmic stimulation confers a special advantage in PD, based on recruitment of alternative pathways
Chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors.

Microbe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) receptors in plants recognize MAMPs and activate basal defences; however a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms conferring immunity remains elusive. Pathogens suppress active defence in plants through the combined action of effector proteins. Here we show that the chloroplast is a key component of early immune responses. MAMP perception triggers the rapid, large-scale suppression of nuclear encoded chloroplast-targeted genes (NECGs). Virulent Pseudomonas syringae effectors reprogramme NECG expression in Arabidopsis, target the chloroplast and inhibit photosynthetic CO2 assimilation through disruption of photosystem II. This activity prevents a chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst. These physiological changes precede bacterial multiplication and coincide with pathogen-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. MAMP pretreatment protects chloroplasts from effector manipulation, whereas application of ABA or the inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, DCMU, abolishes the MAMP-induced chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst, and enhances growth of a P. syringae hrpA mutant that fails to secrete effectors
Search for direct top squark pair production in events with a Higgs or
  $Z$ boson, and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$
  collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for direct top squark pair production resulting in events with
either a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair with invariant mass
compatible with a $Z$ boson or a pair of jets compatible with a Standard Model
(SM) Higgs boson ($h$) is presented. Requirements on additional leptons, jets,
jets identified as originating from $b$-quarks, and missing transverse momentum
are imposed to target the other decay products of the top squark pair. The
analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV
collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015--2016, corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$. No excess is observed in the data with
respect to the SM predictions. The results are interpreted in two sets of
models. In the first set, direct production of pairs of lighter top squarks
($\tilde{t}_1$) with long decay chains involving $Z$ or Higgs bosons is
considered. The second set includes direct pair production of the heavier top
squark pairs ($\tilde{t}_2$) decaying via $\tilde{t}_2 \rightarrow Z
\tilde{t}_1 $ or $\tilde{t}_2 \rightarrow h \tilde{t}_1$. The results exclude
at 95\% confidence level $\tilde{t}_2$ and $\tilde{t}_1$ masses up to about 800
GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered
by previous LHC searches.Comment: 29 pages plus author list + cover pages (46 pages total), 7 figures,
  9 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2016-20
Joint feedback analysis modeling of nonesterified fatty acids in obese zucker rats and normal Sprague-Dawley rats after different routes of administration of nicotinic acid

Data were pooled from several studies on nicotinic acid (NiAc) intervention of fatty acid turnover in normal Sprague-Dawley and obese Zucker rats in order to perform a joint PKPD of data from more than 100 normal Sprague-Dawley and obese Zucker rats, exposed to several administration routes and rates. To describe the difference in pharmacodynamic parameters between obese and normal rats, we modified a previously published nonlinear mixed effects model describing tolerance and oscillatory rebound effects of NiAc on nonesterified fatty acids plasma concentrations. An important conclusion is that planning of experiments and dose scheduling cannot rely on pilot studies on normal animals alone. The obese rats have a less-pronounced concentration-response relationship and need higher doses to exhibit desired response. The relative level of fatty acid rebound after cessation of NiAc administration was also quantified in the two rat populations. Building joint normal-disease models with scaling parameter(s) to characterize the degree of disease can be a useful tool when designing informative experiments on diseased animals, particularly in the preclinical screen. Data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed effects modeling, for the optimization, we used an improved method for calculating the gradient than the usually adopted finite difference approximation
Measurement of total and differential W+W− production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings

Journal of High Energy Physics 2016.9 (2016): 029 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiera, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe production of W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to 20.3 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The W bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decays into electrons or muons and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. A total of 6636 WW candidate events are observed. Measurements are performed in fiducial regions closely approximating the detector acceptance. The integrated measurement is corrected for all acceptance effects and for the W branching fractions to leptons in order to obtain the total WW production cross section, which is found to be 71.1 ± 1.1(stat) +5.7 −5.0 (syst) ±1.4(lumi) pb. This agrees with the next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of 63.2 +1.6 −1.4 (scale)±1.2(PDF) pb. Fiducial differential cross sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the leading lepton is used to set limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplingsWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d’Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Région Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdo
Phenomenological MSSM interpretation of CMS searches in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV

Searches for new physics by the CMS collaboration are interpreted in the framework of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model (pMSSM). The data samples used in this study were collected at s=7 and 8 TeV and have integrated luminosities of 5.0 fb−1and 19.5 fb−1, respectively. A global Bayesian analysis is performed, incorporating results from a broad range of CMS supersymmetry searches, as well as constraints from other experiments. Because the pMSSM incorporates several well-motivated assumptions that reduce the 120 parameters of the MSSM to just 19 parameters defined at the electroweak scale, it is possible to assess the results of the study in a relatively straightforward way. Approximately half of the model points in a potentially accessible subspace of the pMSSM are excluded, including all pMSSM model points with a gluino mass below 500 GeV, as well as models with a squark mass less than 300 GeV. Models with chargino and neutralino masses below 200 GeV are disfavored, but no mass range of model points can be ruled out based on the analyses considered. The nonexcluded regions in the pMSSM parameter space are characterized in terms of physical processes and key observables, and implications for future searches are discussed.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Response of Sphagnum papillosum and Drosera rotundifolia to reduced and oxidised wet nitrogen deposition

We transplanted Sphagnum ‘turfs’ containing abundant Drosera rotundifolia into an existing nitrogen deposition experiment at Whim Moss near Edinburgh. These mesocosms received simulated N deposition as either NH 4 + or NO 3 - , to give total N deposition rates of approximately 8, 16 or 32, or 64 kg N ha-1 year-1. Simulated N deposition was added in a realistic way (i.e., with rainfall throughout the year). The δ15N of this added N was elevated relative to background N. We measured the tissue chemistry and δ15N of Sphagnum papillosum and D. rotundifolia over two years after transplant. Our aim was to determine uptake of the deposited N and the impact on S. papillosum tissue chemistry and D. rotundifolia tissue chemistry and ecology. We found clear, significant impacts of N deposition on S. papillosum, with increased capitula N content and reduced C:N ratio. Increased δ15N indicated uptake of deposited N. The response of D. rotundifolia was less clear with impacts only at the highest rate of N deposition. There was no evidence of differential uptake of reduced or oxidized wet N deposition by either S. papillosum or D. rotundifolia. Using the natural abundance stable isotope method we estimated the minimum contribution of prey N to the total N in D. rotundifolia to be 35%. The results suggest that differences in the uptake of reduced or oxidized wet N deposition might not be ecologically significant when wet N deposition is added realistically. They also support the suggestion that a model of N dynamics in Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems that includes the role of Sphagnum as a small-scale ecosystem engineer, is required to predict vascular plant responses to N deposition accurately.\u
Child health and the income gradient: evidence from Australia

The positive relationship between household income and child health is well documented in the child health literature but the precise mechanisms via which income generates better health and whether the income gradient is increasing in child age are not well understood. This paper presents new Australian evidence on the child health-income gradient. We use data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), which involved two waves of data collection for children born between March 2003 and February 2004 (B-Cohort: 0-3 years), and between March 1999 and February 2000 (K-Cohort: 4-7 years). This data set allows us to test the robustness of some of the findings of the influential studies of Case et al. (2002) and J.Currie and Stabile (2003), and a recent study by A.Currie et al. (2007). The richness of the LSAC data set also allows us to conduct further exploration of the determinants of child health. Our results reveal an increasing income gradient by child age using similar covariates to Case et al. (2002). However, the income gradient disappears if we include a rich set of controls. Our results indicate that parental health and, in particular, the mother's health plays a significant role, reducing the income coefficient to zero; suggesting an underlying mechanism that can explain the observed relationship between child health and family income. Overall, our results for Australian children are similar to those produced by Propper et al. (2007) on their British child cohort
Resilience, vulnerability and adaptive capacity of an inland rural town prone to flooding: a climate change adaptation case study of Charleville, Queensland, Australia

Australia is currently experiencing climate change effects in the form of higher temperatures and more frequent extreme events, such as floods. Floods are its costliest form of natural disaster accounting for losses estimated at over $300 million per annum. \ud
This article presents an historical case study of climate adaptation of an Australian town that is subject to frequent flooding.  Charleville is a small, inland rural town in Queensland situated on an extensive flood plain, with no significant elevated areas available for relocation.  The study aimed to gain an understanding of the vulnerability, resilience and adaptive capacity of this community by studying the 2008 flood event. Structured questionnaires were administered in personal interviews in February 2010 to householders and businesses affected by the 2008 flood, and to institutional personnel servicing the region (n=91).  Data were analysed using appropriate quantitative and qualitative techniques.  \ud
\ud
Charleville was found to be staunchly resilient, with high levels of organisation and cooperation, and well-developed and functioning social and institutional networks.  The community is committed to remaining in the town despite the prospect of continued future flooding. Its main vulnerabilities included low levels of insurance cover (32% residents, 43% businesses had cover) and limited monitoring data to warn of impending flooding.  \ud
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Detailed flood modelling and additional river height gauging stations are needed to enable more targeted evacuations. Further mitigation works (eg., investigate desilting Bradley’s Gully and carry out  an engineering assessment) and more affordable insurance products are needed.  Regular information on how residents can prepare for floods and the roles different organisations play are suggested. A key finding was that residents believe they have a personal responsibility for preparation and personal mitigation activities, and these activities contribute substantially to Charleville’s ability to respond to and cope with flood events.  More research into the psychological impacts of floods is recommended. Charleville is a valuable representation of climate change adaptation and how communities facing natural disasters should organise and operate. \u