pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the production of a W boson in association with a charm quark in pp collisions at s√= 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a W boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 4.6 fb^-1 of pp collision data at sqrt(s)=7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In events in which a W boson decays to an electron or muon, the charm quark is tagged either by its semileptonic decay to a muon or by the presence of a charmed meson. The integrated and differential cross sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the W-boson decay are measured. Results are compared to the predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained from various parton distribution function parameterisations. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96 +0.26 -0.30 at Q^2=1.9 GeV^2, which supports the hypothesis of an SU(3)-symmetric composition of the light-quark sea. Additionally, the cross-section ratio sigma(W^+ + bar{c})/sigma(W^- + c) is compared to the predictions obtained using parton distribution function parameterisations with different assumptions about the s-bar{s} quark asymmetry.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3- CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZ. S, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier- 1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier- 2 facilities worldwide
A decade of SN 1993J : discovery of radio wavelength effects in the expansion rate

We studied the growth of the shell-like radio structure of supernova SN 1993J in M 81 from September 1993 to October 2003 with very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at the wavelengths of 3.6, 6, and 18 cm. We developed a method to accurately determine the outer radius (R) of any circularly symmetric compact radio structure such as SN 1993J. The source structure of SN 1993J remains circularly symmetric (with deviations from circularity under 2%) over almost 4000 days. We characterize the decelerated expansion of SN 1993J until approximately day 1500 after explosion with an expansion parameter m = 0.845 ± 0.005 (R ∝ tm). However, from that day onwards the expansion differs when observed at 6 and 18 cm. Indeed, at 18 cm, the expansion can be well characterized by the same m as before day 1500, while at 6 cm the expansion appears more decelerated, and is characterized by another expansion parameter, m6 = 0.788 ± 0.015. Therefore, since about day 1500 onwards, the radio source size has been progressively smaller at 6 cm than at 18 cm. These findings differ significantly from those of other authors in the details of the expansion. In our interpretation, the supernova expands with a single expansion parameter, m = 0.845 ± 0.005, and the 6 cm results beyond day 1500 are caused by physical effects, perhaps also coupled to instrumental limitations. Two physical effects may be involved: (a) a changing opacity of the ejecta to the 6 cm radiation; and (b) a radial decrease of the magnetic field in the emitting region.\ud
We also found that at 6 cm about 80% of the radio emission from the backside of the shell behind the ejecta is absorbed (our average estimate, since we cannot determine any possible evolution of the opacity), and the width of the radio shell is (31 ± 2)% of the outer radius. The shell width at 18 cm depends on the degree of assumed absorption. For 80% absorption, the width is (33.5 ± 1.7)%, and for 100% absorption, it is (37.8 ± 1.3)%.\ud
A comparison of our VLBI results with optical spectral line velocities shows that the deceleration is more pronounced in the radio than in the optical. This difference might be due to a progressive penetration of ejecta instabilities into the shocked circumstellar medium, as also suggested by other authors.marcaide@uv.es; i.marti-vidal@uv.es; eros@uv.es; guirado@uv.es
Evidence for the flavor singlet axial anomaly related effects in phi meson electromagnetic production at large momentum transfers

The gluonic contributions to the conventional PCAC formulas due to flavor singlet axial anomaly have been instrumental in explaining the mass of the η′ and providing a plausible explanation for solving the spin crisis. We show that they also play an important role in the description of photo- and electroproduction of vector mesons at low energy and high momentum transfers. We calculate the contributions of this type to ϕ meson electromagnetic production in a model, which contains also a soft pomeron, and find agreement with recent CLAS data
Characterization of a caldesmon fragment that competes with myosin-ATP binding to actin.

The protein caldesmon inhibits actin-activated ATP hydrolysis of myosin and inhibits the binding of myosin*ATP to actin. Afragment isolated from a chymotryptic digest of caldesmon contains features of the intact molecule that make it useful as a selective inhibitor of the binding of myosin ATP complexes to actin without having the complexity of binding to myosin. The COOH-terminal 20 kDa region of caldesmon binds to actin with one-sixth the affinity of caldesmon with a stoichiometry of binding of one fragment per two actin monomers. This contrasts with the 1:6-9 stoichiometry of intact caldesmon. The binding of the 20 kDa fragments to actin is totally reversed by Ca2+-calmodulin and, like intact caldesmon, the 20 kDa fragments are competitive with the binding of myosin subfragments to actin. This competition with myosin binding is largely responsible for the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, although both the fragments and intact caldesmon also reverse the potentiation of ATPase activity caused by tropomyosin. These polypeptides are useful both in defining the function of caldesmon and in studying the role of weakly bound cross-bridges in muscle. Originally published Biophysical Journal, Vol. 65, No. 2, Aug 199
Horizon scanning the European bio-based economy: a novel approach to identification of barriers and key policy interventions from stakeholders in multiple sectors and regions.

There is international recognition that developing a climate-smart bioeconomy is essential to the continuation of economic development, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation to climatic change; Bio-based products have an important role in making this transition happen. Supporting policy interventions have been put forward at European and national levels to support innovation and development of bio-based products and services. This study asks whether suggested policy interventions reflect the needs of stakeholders and examines how these needs vary between European regions. This consultation was performed through an online survey of 447 experts actively involved in bio-based research, industry, and governance across Europe. The majority of responses received were from stakeholders in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK which are examined in greater depth. Climate change was clearly an important driver for bio-based innovation as 86% of the respondents considered climate change to be a significant threat. There were clear differences between regions but also areas of consensus between stakeholders across the European regions surveyed. In particular there was consensus regarding the need for improved access to financial support and the need to ensure continuity of policy. The need to build investor confidence through demonstration of bio-based technologies, the provision of greater clarity regarding best conversion routes for specific feedstocks, and the need to promote a culture of industrial symbiosis were also regarded as important interventions. ? 2016 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Energy justice : a conceptual review

The authors would like to thank the ESRC, EPSRC and Carnegie for funding our work in this area, which has allowed us to conceptually reflect individually and collectively on the notion of energy justice.Energy justice has emerged as a new crosscutting social science research agenda which seeks to apply justice principles to energy policy, energy production and systems, energy consumption, energy activism, energy security and climate change. A conceptual review is now required for the consolidation and logical extension of this field. Within this exploration, we give an account of its core tenets: distributional, recognition and procedural. Later we promote the application of this three-pronged approach across the energy system, within the global context of energy production and consumption. Thus, we offer both a conceptual review and a research agenda. Throughout, we explore the key dimensions of this new agenda – its evaluative and normative reach – demonstrating that energy justice offers, firstly, an opportunity to explore where injustices occur, developing new processes of avoidance and remediation and recognizing new sections of society. Secondly, we illustrate that energy justice provides a new stimulating framework for bridging existing and future research on energy production and consumption when whole energy systems approaches are integrated into research designs. In conclusion, we suggest three areas for future research: investigating the non-activist origins of energy justice, engaging with economics, and uniting systems of production and consumption.PostprintPeer reviewe
The Efficacy of High Performance Work Practices in The Middle East

Although there is developing evidence on the effectiveness of global HRM best
practices in emerging and developing economies, little is known about the efficacy of
those practices in the Middle East. This study examines the impact of high performance
work practices (HPWP) on both employee and organisational outcomes in Algerian
firms. The results of a firm-level survey show that while HPWP are positively
associated with employee work attitudes and motivations, this effect is not converted
into organisational-level outcomes. The results are discussed and implications for
future research are offered
Role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of prostate cancer.

UNLABELLED: Most prostate cancers (PC) are currently found on the basis of an elevated PSA, although this biomarker has only moderate accuracy. Histological confirmation is traditionally obtained by random transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy, but this approach may underestimate PC. It is generally accepted that a clinically significant PC requires treatment, but in case of an non-significant PC, deferment of treatment and inclusion in an active surveillance program is a valid option. The implementation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) into a screening program may reduce the risk of overdetection of non-significant PC and improve the early detection of clinically significant PC. A mpMRI consists of T2-weighted images supplemented with diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced imaging, and/or magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and is preferably performed and reported according to the uniform quality standards of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS). International guidelines currently recommend mpMRI in patients with persistently rising PSA and previous negative biopsies, but mpMRI may also be used before first biopsy to improve the biopsy yield by targeting suspicious lesions or to assist in the selection of low-risk patients in whom consideration could be given for surveillance.
TEACHING POINTS: ? MpMRI may be used to detect or exclude significant prostate cancer. ? MpMRI can guide targeted rebiopsy in patients with previous negative biopsies. ? In patients with negative mpMRI consideration could be given for surveillance. ? MpMRI may add valuable information for the optimal treatment selection
Dual and Opposite Effects of hRAD51 Chemical Modulation on HIV-1 Integration.

The cellular DNA repair hRAD51 protein has been shown to restrict HIV-1 integration both in vitro and in vivo. To investigate its regulatory functions, we performed a pharmacological analysis of the retroviral integration modulation by hRAD51. We found that, in vitro, chemical activation of hRAD51 stimulates its integration inhibitory properties, whereas inhibition of hRAD51 decreases the integration restriction, indicating that the modulation of HIV-1 integration depends on the hRAD51 recombinase activity. Cellular analyses demonstrated that cells exhibiting high hRAD51 levels prior to de novo infection are more resistant to integration. On the other hand, when hRAD51 was activated during integration, cells were more permissive. Altogether, these data establish the functional link between hRAD51 activity and HIV-1 integration. Our results highlight the multiple and opposite effects of the recombinase during integration and provide new insights into the cellular regulation of HIV-1 replication
Impact of Processing Conditions on Inter-tablet Coating Thickness Variations Measured by Terahertz In-Line Sensing

A novel in-line technique utilising pulsed terahertz radiation for direct measurement of the film coating thickness of individual tablets during the coating process was previously developed and demonstrated on a production scale coater. Here we use this technique to monitor the evolution of tablet film coating thickness and its inter-tablet variability during the coating process under a number of different process conditions that have been purposefully induced in the production scale coating process. The changes that were introduced to the coating process include removing the baffles from the coater, adding uncoated tablets to the running process, halting the drum, blockage of spray guns and changes to the spray rate. The terahertz sensor was able to pick up the resulting changes in average coating thickness in the coating drum and we report the impact of these process changes on the resulting coating quality.This work was conducted with financial support from the UK Technology Strategy Board (AB293H). H.L. And J.A.Z. would like to acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/L019922/1) and the Newton Trust Cambridge for research funding. J.A.Z. would like to thank Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge for a research fellowship. The authors acknowledge Colorcon Ltd. and Meggle AG for providing the excipients used in this study, Provel Ltd. (Bolton, UK) for the kind loan of the mixing equipment to disperse the coating polymer and Staffan Folestad (AstraZeneca) for useful discussions. Additional data related to this publication is available as a supplementary data to this publication as well as at the University of Cambridge data repository (https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2450
THE INCIDENCE OF LOW-METALLICITY LYMAN-LIMIT SYSTEMS AT z ~ 3.5: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COLD-FLOW HYPOTHESIS OF BARYONIC ACCRETION

Cold accretion is a primary growth mechanism of simulated galaxies, yet observational evidence of "cold flows" at redshifts where they should be most efficient (z = 2–4) is scarce. In simulations, cold streams manifest as Lyman-limit absorption systems (LLSs) with low heavy-element abundances similar to those of the diffuse intergalactic medium (IGM). Here we report on an abundance survey of 17 H i-selected LLSs at z = 3.2–4.4 which exhibits no metal absorption in Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectra. Using medium-resolution spectra obtained at Magellan, we derive ionization-corrected metallicities (or limits) with a Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling that accounts for the large uncertainty in N[subscript H i] measurements typical of LLSs. The metal-poor LLS sample overlaps with the IGM in metallicity and can be described by a model where 71[+13 over -11]% are drawn from the IGM chemical abundance distribution. These represent roughly half of all LLSs at these redshifts, suggesting that 28%–40% of the general LLS population at z ~ 3.7 could trace accreting gas. An ancillary sample of ten LLSs without any a priori metal-line selection is fit by a model having 48[+14 over -12]% of metallicities drawn from the IGM. We compare these results with regions of a moving-mesh simulation. The observed and simulated LLS metallicity distributions are in good agreement, after accounting for known uncertainties in both, with the fraction of simulated baryons in IGM-metallicity LLSs within a factor of two of the observed value. A statistically significant fraction of all LLSs have low metallicity and therefore represent candidates for accreting gas; large-volume simulations can establish what fraction of these candidates actually lie near galaxies and the observational prospects for detecting the presumed hosts in emission
NLO QCD+EW predictions for V + jets including off-shell vector-boson decays and multijet merging

We present next-to-leading order (NLO) predictions including QCD and electroweak (EW) corrections for the production and decay of off-shell electroweak vector bosons in association with up to two jets at the 13 TeV LHC. All possible dilepton final states with zero, one or two charged leptons that can arise from off-shell W and Z bosons or photons are considered. All predictions are obtained using the automated implementation of NLO QCD+EW corrections in the OpenLoops matrix-element generator combined with the Munich and Sherpa Monte Carlo frameworks. Electroweak corrections play an especially important role in the context of BSM searches, due to the presence of large EW Sudakov logarithms at the TeV scale. In this kinematic regime, important observables such as the jet transverse momentum or the total transverse energy are strongly sensitive to multijet emissions. As a result, fixed-order NLO QCD+EW predictions are plagued by huge QCD corrections and poor theoretical precision. To remedy this problem we present an approximate method that allows for a simple and reliable implementation of NLO EW corrections in the MePs@Nlo multijet merging framework. Using this general approach we present an inclusive simulation of vector-boson production in association with jets that guarantees NLO QCD+EW accuracy in all phase-space regions involving up to two resolved jets
Associated production of a top pair and a Higgs boson beyond NLO

We consider soft gluon emission corrections to the production of a top-antitop pair in association with a Higgs boson at hadron colliders. In particular, we present a soft-gluon resummation formula for this production process and gather all elements needed to evaluate it at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order. We employ these results to obtain approximate next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) formulas, and implement them in a bespoke parton-level Monte Carlo program which can be used to calculate the total cross section along with arbitrary differential distributions. We use this tool to study the phenomenological impact of the approximate NNLO corrections, finding that they increase the total cross section and the differential distributions which we evaluated in this work
Refined 3d-3d Correspondence

We explore aspects of the correspondence between Seifert 3-manifolds and 3d
$\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric theories with a distinguished abelian flavour
symmetry. We give a prescription for computing the squashed three-sphere
partition functions of such 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories constructed from
boundary conditions and interfaces in a 4d $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ theory, mirroring
the construction of Seifert manifold invariants via Dehn surgery. This is
extended to include links in the Seifert manifold by the insertion of
supersymmetric Wilson-'t Hooft loops in the 4d $\mathcal{N}=2^*$ theory. In the
presence of a mass parameter for the distinguished flavour symmetry, we recover
aspects of refined Chern-Simons theory with complex gauge group, and in
particular construct an analytic continuation of the $S$-matrix of refined
Chern-Simons theory.Comment: 51+12 pages, 21 figures; v2: typos corrected, references adde
Cyclic nanoindentation and nano-impact fatigue mechanisms of functionally graded TiN/TiNi film.

The mechanisms of nanoscale fatigue of functionally graded TiN/TiNi films have been studied using multiple-loading cycle nanoindentation and nano-impact tests. The functionally graded films were sputter-deposited onto silicon substrates, in which the TiNi film provides pseudo-elasticity and shape memory behavior, while a top TiN surface layer provides tribological and anti-corrosion properties. Nanomechanical tests were performed to investigate the localised film performance and failure modes of the functionally graded film using both Berkovich and conical indenters with loads between 100 uN and 500 mN. The loading history was critical to define film failure modes (i.e. backward depth deviation) and the pseudo-elastic/shape memory effect of the functionally graded layer. The results were sensitive to the applied load, loading mode (e.g. semi-static, dynamic) and probe geometry. Based on indentation force-depth profiles, depth-time data and post-test surface observations of films, it was concluded that the shape of the indenter is critical to induce localised indentation stress and film failure, and generation of pseudo-elasticity at a lower load range. Finite element simulation of the elastic loading process indicated that the location of subsurface maximum stress near the interface influences the backward depth deviation type of film failure.UoA and CAPEX funding from Northumbria
University at Newcastle upon Tyne ;  Royal Academy of Engineering-Research Exchange with China and India