pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Properties of nuclear matter from macroscopic–microscopic mass formulas

AbstractBased on the standard Skyrme energy density functionals together with the extended Thomas–Fermi approach, the properties of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter represented in two macroscopic–microscopic mass formulas: Lublin–Strasbourg nuclear drop energy (LSD) formula and Weizsäcker–Skyrme (WS*) formula, are extracted through matching the energy per particle of finite nuclei. For LSD and WS*, the obtained incompressibility coefficients of symmetric nuclear matter are K∞=230±11 MeV and 235±11 MeV, respectively. The slope parameter of symmetry energy at saturation density is L=41.6±7.6 MeV for LSD and 51.5±9.6 MeV for WS*, respectively, which is compatible with the liquid-drop analysis of Lattimer and Lim [4]. The density dependence of the mean-field isoscalar and isovector effective mass, and the neutron–proton effective masses splitting for neutron matter are simultaneously investigated. The results are generally consistent with those from the Skyrme Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov calculations and nucleon optical potentials, and the standard deviations are large and increase rapidly with density. A better constraint for the effective mass is helpful to reduce uncertainties of the depth of the mean-field potential
7-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based derivatives for kinase inhibition: Co-crystallisation studies with Aurora-A reveal distinct differences in the orientation of the pyrazole N1-substituent

AbstractIntroduction of a 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl moiety at C7 of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold provided 7a which inhibited a range of kinases including Aurora-A. Modification of the benzyl group in 7a, and subsequent co-crystallisation of the resulting analogues with Aurora-A indicated distinct differences in binding mode dependent upon the pyrazole N-substituent. Compounds 7a and 14d interact with the P-loop whereas 14a and 14b engage with Thr217 in the post-hinge region. These crystallographic insights provide options for the design of compounds interacting with the DFG motif or with Thr217
T-duality, quotients and generalized Kähler geometry

AbstractWe reopen the discussion of gauging two-dimensional off-shell (2,2) supersymmetric sigma models written in terms of semichiral superfields. The gauging is now done by coupling the semichiral superfields to the new (2,2) semichiral vector multiplet. We show that the two moment maps together with a third function form the complete set of three Killing potentials which are associated with this gauging. These Killing potentials lead to generalized moment maps. Next we construct the T-duality map, while keeping (2,2) supersymmetry manifest. In the T-dual description, a pair of left and right semichiral superfields is replaced by a pair of chiral and twisted chiral multiplets. We end with a discussion on quotient construction
Neutrino masses and mixings: Status of known and unknown 3ν parameters

AbstractWithin the standard 3ν mass–mixing framework, we present an up-to-date global analysis of neutrino oscillation data (as of January 2016), including the latest available results from experiments with atmospheric neutrinos (Super-Kamiokande and IceCube DeepCore), at accelerators (first T2K ν‾ and NOνA ν runs in both appearance and disappearance modes), and at short-baseline reactors (Daya Bay and RENO far/near spectral ratios), as well as a reanalysis of older KamLAND data in the light of the “bump” feature recently observed in reactor spectra. We discuss improved constraints on the five known oscillation parameters (δm2, |Δm2|, sin2⁡θ12, sin2⁡θ13, sin2⁡θ23), and the status of the three remaining unknown parameters: the mass hierarchy [sign(±Δm2)], the θ23 octant [sign(sin2⁡θ23−1/2)], and the possible CP-violating phase δ. With respect to previous global fits, we find that the reanalysis of KamLAND data induces a slight decrease of both δm2 and sin2⁡θ12, while the latest accelerator and atmospheric data induce a slight increase of |Δm2|. Concerning the unknown parameters, we confirm the previous intriguing preference for negative values of sin⁡δ (with best-fit values around sin⁡δ≃−0.9), but we find no statistically significant indication about the θ23 octant or the mass hierarchy (normal or inverted). Assuming an alternative (so-called LEM) analysis of NOνA data, some δ ranges can be excluded at >3σ, and the normal mass hierarchy appears to be slightly favored at ∼90% C.L. We also describe in detail the covariances of selected pairs of oscillation parameters. Finally, we briefly discuss the implications of the above results on the three non-oscillation observables sensitive to the (unknown) absolute ν mass scale: the sum of ν masses Σ (in cosmology), the effective νe mass mβ (in beta decay), and the effective Majorana mass mββ (in neutrinoless double beta decay)
An index theorem for Wiener–Hopf operators

AbstractWe study the multivariate generalisation of the classical Wiener–Hopf algebra, which is the C∗-algebra generated by the Wiener–Hopf operators, given by convolutions restricted to convex cones. By the work of Muhly and Renault, this C∗-algebra is known to be isomorphic to the reduced C∗-algebra of a certain restricted action groupoid. It admits a composition series, and therefore, a ‘symbol’ calculus. Using groupoid methods, we obtain, in the framework of Kasparov's bivariant KK-theory, a topological expression of the index maps associated to these symbol maps in terms of geometric-topological data of the underlying convex cone. This generalises an index theorem by Upmeier concerning Wiener–Hopf operators on symmetric cones. Our result covers a wide class of cones containing polyhedral and homogeneous cones
N=(1,1) super-Yang–Mills on a (2+1)-dimensional transverse lattice with one exact supersymmetry

AbstractWe present a formulation of N=(1,1), super-Yang–Mills theory in 2+1 dimensions using a transverse lattice methods that exactly preserves one supersymmetry. First, using a Lagrangian approach we obtain a standard transverse lattice formulation of the Hamiltonian. We then show that the Hamiltonian also can be written discretely as the square of a supercharge and that this produces a different result. Problems associated with the discrete realization of the full supercharge algebra are discussed. Numerically we solve for the bound states of the theory in the large Nc approximation and we find good convergence. We show that the massive fermion and boson bound states are all exactly degenerate and that the number of fermion and boson massless bound states are closely related. Also we find that this theory admits winding states in the transverse direction and that their masses vary inversely with the winding number
Universal Gestational Age Effects on Cognitive and Basic Mathematic Processing: 2 Cohorts in 2 Countries

ObjectiveTo determine whether general cognitive ability, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment are universally affected by gestation at birth, as well as whether mathematic attainment is more strongly associated with cohort-specific factors such as schooling than basic cognitive and mathematical abilities.Study designThe Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS, 1289 children, 27-41 weeks gestational age [GA]) was used to estimate effects of GA on IQ, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment. These estimations were used to predict IQ, mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment in the EPICure Study (171 children <26 weeks GA).ResultsFor children born <34 weeks GA, each lower week decreased IQ and mathematic attainment scores by 2.34 (95% CI: −2.99, −1.70) and 2.76 (95% CI: −3.40, −2.11) points, respectively. There were no differences among children born 34-41 weeks GA. Similarly, for children born <36 weeks GA, mathematic processing scores decreased by 1.77 (95% CI: −2.20, −1.34) points with each lower GA week. The prediction function generated using BLS data accurately predicted the effect of GA on IQ and mathematic processing among EPICure children. However, these children had better attainment than predicted by BLS.ConclusionsPrematurity has adverse effects on basic mathematic processing following birth at all gestations <36 weeks and on IQ and mathematic attainment <34 weeks GA. The ability to predict IQ and mathematic processing scores from one cohort to another among children cared for in different eras and countries suggests that universal neurodevelopmental factors may explain the effects of gestation at birth. In contrast, mathematic attainment may be improved by schooling
Synthesis and crystal structure of 2-{5-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)benzyl]-4-p-tolyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio}acetate

AbstractThe compound 2-{5-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)benzyl]-4-p-tolyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio}acetate has been prepared and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra. The crystal and molecular structure were further confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure has been found to be stabilized by intermolecular C–H···O interaction generating bifurcated hydrogen bonds whereas the C–H···N interactions generate chain of molecules. The intramolecular N–H···N hydrogen bond forms a ring with S(7) graph-set motif
Affleck–Dine leptogenesis via right-handed sneutrino fields in a supersymmetric hybrid inflation model

AbstractThe onset of inflation in hybrid models require fine tuning in the initial conditions. The inflaton field should have an initial value close to the Planck scale MP, whereas the auxiliary “orthogonal” field must be close to zero with an extreme accuracy. This problem can be alleviated if the orthogonal field decays fast into some states not coupled to the inflaton. Natural candidates for such states can be the right-handed neutrinos. We show that a non-trivial evolution of the classic sneutrino fields after inflation offers an interesting mechanism for generating a correct amount of lepton asymmetry, which being reprocessed by sphalerons can explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Our scenario implies interesting bounds for the neutrino masses in the context of seesaw mechanism
Study Majorana neutrino contribution to B-meson semi-leptonic rare decays

AbstractB-meson semi-leptonic rare decays are sensitive to new physics beyond standard model. We study the B−→π−μ+μ− process and investigate the Majorana neutrino contribution besides the standard model contribution to its decay width. The standard model predictions are estimated with Heavy Quark Symmetry and Lattice QCD, perturbative QCD and QCD Light Cone Sum Rule. The constraints on the Majorana neutrino mass and mixing parameter are obtained from this decay channel with the latest LHCb data. Utilizing the best fits for the parameters, we study the lepton number violating decay B−→π+μ−μ−, and find its branching ratio is roughly consistent with the LHCb data reported recently
Nature of the deconfining phase transition in the (2+1)-dimensional SU(N) Georgi–Glashow model

AbstractThe nature of the deconfining phase transition in the (2+1)-dimensional SU(N) Georgi–Glashow model is investigated. Within the dimensional-reduction hypothesis, the properties of the transition are described by a two-dimensional vectorial Coulomb gas models of electric and magnetic charges. The resulting critical properties are governed by a generalized SU(N) sine-Gordon model with self-dual symmetry. We show that this model displays a massless flow to an infrared fixed point which corresponds to the ZN parafermions conformal field theory. This result, in turn, supports the conjecture of Kogan, Tekin, and Kovner that the deconfining transition in the (2+1)-dimensional SU(N) Georgi–Glashow model belongs to the ZN universality class
Gelfand–Tsetlin polytopes and Feigin–Fourier–Littelmann–Vinberg polytopes as marked poset polytopes

AbstractStanley (1986) showed how a finite partially ordered set gives rise to two polytopes, called the order polytope and chain polytope, which have the same Ehrhart polynomial despite being quite different combinatorially. We generalize his result to a wider family of polytopes constructed from a poset P with integers assigned to some of its elements.Through this construction, we explain combinatorially the relationship between the Gelfand–Tsetlin polytopes (1950) and the Feigin–Fourier–Littelmann–Vinberg polytopes (2010, 2005), which arise in the representation theory of the special linear Lie algebra. We then use the generalized Gelfand–Tsetlin polytopes of Berenstein and Zelevinsky (1989) to propose conjectural analogues of the Feigin–Fourier–Littelmann–Vinberg polytopes corresponding to the symplectic and odd orthogonal Lie algebras
Supercritical entanglement in local systems: Counterexample to the area law for quantum matter

Quantum entanglement is the most surprising feature of quantum mechanics. Entanglement is simultaneously responsible for the difficulty of simulating quantum matter on a classical computer and the exponential speedups afforded by quantum computers. Ground states of quantum many-body systems typically satisfy an “area law”: The amount of entanglement between a subsystem and the rest of the system is proportional to the area of the boundary. A system that obeys an area law has less entanglement and can be simulated more efficiently than a generic quantum state whose entanglement could be proportional to the total system’s size. Moreover, an area law provides useful information about the low-energy physics of the system. It is widely believed that for physically reasonable quantum systems, the area law cannot be violated by more than a logarithmic factor in the system’s size. We introduce a class of exactly solvable one-dimensional physical models which we can prove have exponentially more entanglement than suggested by the area law, and violate the area law by a square-root factor. This work suggests that simple quantum matter is richer and can provide much more quantum resources (i.e., entanglement) than expected. In addition to using recent advances in quantum information and condensed matter theory, we have drawn upon various branches of mathematics such as combinatorics of random walks, Brownian excursions, and fractional matching theory. We hope that the techniques developed herein may be useful for other problems in physics as well.United States. Army Research Office (W911NF-12-1-0486)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CCF-121-8176)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CCF0-939370
Sparse reduced-order modeling : Sensor-based dynamics to full-state
  estimation

We propose a general dynamic reduced-order modeling framework for typical
experimental data: time-resolved sensor data and optional non-time-resolved PIV
snapshots. This framework contains four steps. First, the sensor signals are
lifted to a dynamic feature space. Second, we identify a sparse
human-interpretable nonlinear dynamical system for the feature state based on
the sparse identification of nonlinear dynamics (SINDy). Third, if PIV
snapshots are available, a local linear mapping from the feature state to
velocity fields is shown to be orders of magnitudes more accurate than optimal
modal expansions of the same order. Fourth, a generalized feature-based modal
decomposition identifies coherent structures that are most dynamically
correlated with the linear and nonlinear interaction terms in the sparse model,
adding interpretability. Steps 1 and 2 define a black-box model. Optional steps
3 and 4 lift the black-box dynamics to a 'gray-box' model of the coherent
structures, if non-time-resolved full-state data is available. This gray-box
modeling strategy is successfully applied to the transient and post-transient
laminar cylinder wake, and compares favorably with a POD model. We foresee
numerous applications of this highly flexible modeling strategy, including
estimation, prediction and control. Moreover, the feature space may be based on
intrinsic coordinates, which are unaffected by a key challenge of modal
expansion: the slow change of low-dimensional coherent structures with changing
geometry and varying parameters
Giant Molecular Clouds in the Early-type Galaxy NGC 4526

D. Utomo, et al., ???Giant Molecular Clouds in the Early-Type Galaxy NGC 4526???, The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 803(1), April 2015. ?? 2015. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.We present a high spatial resolution (???20 pc) of 12CO(2 ???1) observations of the lenticular galaxy NGC 4526. We identify 103 resolved giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and measure their properties: size R, velocity dispersion ??v, and luminosity L. This is the first GMC catalog of an early-type galaxy. We find that the GMC population in NGC 4526 is gravitationally bound, with a virial parameter ?? ??? 1. The mass distribution, dN/dM ??? M???2.39 ?? 0.03, is steeper than that for GMCs in the inner Milky Way, but comparable to that found in some late-type galaxies. We find no size???line width correlation for the NGC 4526 clouds, in contradiction to the expectation from Larson???s relation. In general, the GMCs in NGC 4526 are more luminous, denser, and have a higher velocity dispersion than equal-size GMCs in the Milky Way and other galaxies in the Local Group. These may be due to higher interstellar radiation field than in the Milky Way disk and weaker external pressure than in the Galactic center. In addition, a kinematic measurement of cloud rotation shows that the rotation is driven by the galactic shear. For the vast majority of the clouds, the rotational energy is less than the turbulent and gravitational energy, while the four innermost clouds are unbound and will likely be torn apart by the strong shear at the galactic center. We combine our data with the archival data of other galaxies to show that the surface density ?? of GMCs is not approximately constant, as previously believed, but varies by ???3 orders of magnitude. We also show that the size and velocity dispersion of the GMC population across galaxies are related to the surface density, as expected from the gravitational and pressure equilibrium, i.e., ??v R???1/2 ??? ??1/2
A unitarity compatible approach to one-loop amplitudes with massive fermions.

We explain how one-loop amplitudes with massive fermions can be computed using only on-shell information. We first use the spinor-helicity formalism in six dimensions to perform generalised unitarity cuts in d dimensions. We then show that divergent wave-function cuts can be avoided, and the remaining ambiguities in the renormalised amplitudes can be fixed, by matching to universal infrared poles in 4 − 2ϵ dimensions and ultraviolet poles in 6 − 2ϵ dimensions. In the latter case we construct an effective Lagrangian in six dimensions and reduce the additional constraint to an on-shell tree-level computation
Planck 2015 results: XV. Gravitational lensing

We present the most significant measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential to date (at a level of 40σ), using temperature and polarization data from the Planck 2015 full-mission release. Using a polarization-only estimator, we detect lensing at a significance of 5σ. We cross-check the accuracy of our measurement using the wide frequency coverage and complementarity of the temperature and polarization measurements. Public products based on this measurement include an estimate of the lensing potential over approximately 70% of the sky, an estimate of the lensing potential power spectrum in bandpowers for the multipole range 40 ≤ L ≤ 400, and an associated likelihood for cosmological parameter constraints. We find good agreement between our measurement of the lensing potential power spectrum and that found in the ΛCDM model that best fits the Planck temperature and polarization power spectra. Using the lensing likelihood alone we obtain a percent-level measurement of the parameter combination σ8Ω0.25m = 0.591 ± 0.021. We combine our determination of the lensing potential with the E-mode polarization, also measured by Planck, to generate an estimate of the lensing B-mode. We show that this lensing B-mode estimate is correlated with the B-modes observed directly by Planck at the expected level and with a statistical significance of 10σ, confirming Planck's sensitivity to this known sky signal. We also correlate our lensing potential estimate with the large-scale temperature anisotropies, detecting a cross-correlation at the 3σ level, as expected because of dark energy in the concordance ΛCDM model
Search for a Higgs boson in the mass range from 145 to 1000 GeV decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons

A search for a heavy Higgs boson in the H → WW and H → ZZ decay channels is reported. The search is based upon proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 fb−1 at √ s = 7 TeV and up to 19.7fb−1 at √ s = 8 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Several final states of the H → WW and H → ZZ decays are analyzed. The combined upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the product of the cross section and branching fraction exclude a Higgs boson with standard model-like couplings and decays in the range 145 < mH < 1000 GeV. We also interpret the results in the context of an electroweak singlet extension of the standard model.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Sense of community in science fiction fandom, Part 1 : understanding sense of community in an international community of interest

Within the discipline of community psychology there is debate as to the dimensions underlying the construct psychological sense of community (PSOC). One of the few theoretical discussions is that of McMillan and Chavis (1986), who hypothesized four dimensions: Belonging; Fulfillment of Needs; Influence; and Shared Connections. Discussion has also emerged in the literature regarding the role of identification within PSOC. It has been suggested that differences in PSOC may be understood in terms of the degree to which members identify with their community (Fisher & Sonn, 1999). However, few studies have explored the place of identification in PSOC. In addition, while PSOC has been applied to both communities of interest and geographical communities, little research has looked in depth at PSOC within communities of interest. The current study therefore explored PSOC in science fiction fandom, a community of interest with membership from all over the world, by means of a questionnaire distributed at an international science fiction convention (N = 359). In an endeavor to clarify the underlying dimensions of PSOC, the questionnaire included several measures of PSOC, and measures of identification with the community. Results showed that science fiction fandom reported high levels of PSOC. Support emerged for McMillan and Chavis' (1986) four dimensions of PSOC, with the addition of a fifth dimension, that of Conscious Identification. These results, and implications for PSOC research, are discussed