pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Iron, copper, and manganese complexes with in vitro superoxide dismutase and/or catalase activities that keep Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells alive under severe oxidative stress

AbstractDue to their aerobic lifestyle, eukaryotic organisms have evolved different strategies to overcome oxidative stress. The recruitment of some specific metalloenzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalases (CATs) is of great importance for eliminating harmful reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion). Using the ligand HPClNOL {1-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-chloropropan-2-ol}, we have synthesized three coordination compounds containing iron(III), copper(II), and manganese(II) ions, which are also present in the active site of the above-noted metalloenzymes. These compounds were evaluated as SOD and CAT mimetics. The manganese and iron compounds showed both SOD and CAT activities, while copper showed only SOD activity. The copper and manganese in vitro SOD activities are very similar (IC50~0.4μmol dm–3) and about 70-fold higher than those of iron. The manganese compound showed CAT activity higher than that of the iron species. Analyzing their capacity to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against oxidative stress (H2O2 and the O2•– radical), we observed that all compounds act as antioxidants, increasing the resistance of yeast cells mainly due to a reduction of lipid oxidation. Especially for the iron compound, the data indicate complete protection when wild-type cells were exposed to H2O2 or O2•– species. Interestingly, these compounds also compensate for both superoxide dismutase and catalase deficiencies; their antioxidant activity is metal ion dependent, in the order iron(III)>copper(II)>manganese(II). The protection mechanism employed by the complexes proved to be independent of the activation of transcription factors (such as Yap1, Hsf1, Msn2/Msn4) and protein synthesis. There is no direct relation between the in vitro and the in vivo antioxidant activities
Galaxy clustering, CMB and supernova data constraints on ϕCDM model with massive neutrinos

AbstractWe investigate a scalar field dark energy model (i.e., ϕCDM model) with massive neutrinos, where the scalar field possesses an inverse power-law potential, i.e., V(ϕ)∝ϕ−α (α>0). We find that the sum of neutrino masses Σmν has significant impacts on the CMB temperature power spectrum and on the matter power spectrum. In addition, the parameter α also has slight impacts on the spectra. A joint sample, including CMB data from Planck 2013 and WMAP9, galaxy clustering data from WiggleZ and BOSS DR11, and JLA compilation of Type Ia supernova observations, is adopted to confine the parameters. Within the context of the ϕCDM model under consideration, the joint sample determines the cosmological parameters to high precision: the angular size of the sound horizon at recombination, the Thomson scattering optical depth due to reionization, the physical densities of baryons and cold dark matter, and the scalar spectral index are estimated to be θ⁎=(1.0415−0.0011+0.0012)×10−2, τ=0.0914−0.0242+0.0266, Ωbh2=0.0222±0.0005, Ωch2=0.1177±0.0036, and ns=0.9644−0.0119+0.0118, respectively, at 95% confidence level (CL). It turns out that α<4.995 at 95% CL for the ϕCDM model. And yet, the ΛCDM scenario corresponding to α=0 is not ruled out at 95% CL. Moreover, we get Σmν<0.262 eV at 95% CL for the ϕCDM model, while the corresponding one for the ΛCDM model is Σmν<0.293 eV. The allowed scale of Σmν in the ϕCDM model is a bit smaller than that in the ΛCDM model. It is consistent with the qualitative analysis, which reveals that the increases of α and Σmν both can result in the suppression of the matter power spectrum. As a consequence, when α is larger, in order to avoid suppressing the matter power spectrum too much, the value of Σmν should be smaller
Dopamine Controls Neurogenesis in the Adult Salamander Midbrain in Homeostasis and during Regeneration of Dopamine Neurons

SummaryAppropriate termination of regenerative processes is critical for producing the correct number of cells in tissues. Here we provide evidence for an end-product inhibition of dopamine neuron regeneration that is mediated by dopamine. Ablation of midbrain dopamine neurons leads to complete regeneration in salamanders. Regeneration involves extensive neurogenesis and requires activation of quiescent ependymoglia cells, which express dopamine receptors. Pharmacological compensation for dopamine loss by L-dopa inhibits ependymoglia proliferation and regeneration in a dopamine receptor-signaling-dependent manner, specifically after ablation of dopamine neurons. Systemic administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol alone causes ependymoglia proliferation and the appearance of excessive number of neurons. Our data show that stem cell quiescence is under dopamine control and provide a model for termination once normal homeostasis is restored. The findings establish a role for dopamine in the reversible suppression of neurogenesis in the midbrain and have implications for regenerative strategies in Parkinson's disease
Search for a new bottomonium state decaying to ϒ(1S)π+π− in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractThe results of a search for the bottomonium counterpart, denoted as Xb, of the exotic charmonium state X(3872) is presented. The analysis is based on a sample of pp collisions at s=8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb−1. The search looks for the exclusive decay channel Xb→ϒ(1S)π+π− followed by ϒ(1S)→μ+μ−. No evidence for an Xb signal is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the inclusive production cross sections times the branching fractions to ϒ(1S)π+π− of the Xb and the ϒ(2S). The upper limits on the ratio are in the range 0.9–5.4% for Xb masses between 10 and 11 GeV. These are the first upper limits on the production of a possible Xb at a hadron collider
Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractThe centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density measured with ALICE in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV over a broad pseudorapidity range is presented. This Letter extends the previous results reported by ALICE to more peripheral collisions. No strong change of the overall shape of charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions with centrality is observed, and when normalised to the number of participating nucleons in the collisions, the evolution over pseudorapidity with centrality is likewise small. The broad pseudorapidity range (−3.5<η<5) allows precise estimates of the total number of produced charged particles which we find to range from 162±22(syst.) to 17170±770(syst.) in 80–90% and 0–5% central collisions, respectively. The total charged-particle multiplicity is seen to approximately scale with the number of participating nucleons in the collision. This suggests that hard contributions to the charged-particle multiplicity are limited. The results are compared to models which describe dNch/dη at mid-rapidity in the most central Pb–Pb collisions and it is found that these models do not capture all features of the distributions
The effects of verbal information and approach-avoidance training on children's fear-related responses

AbstractBackground and objectivesThis study examined the effects of verbal information and approach-avoidance training on fear-related cognitive and behavioural responses about novel animals.MethodsOne hundred and sixty children (7–11 years) were randomly allocated to receive: a) positive verbal information about one novel animal and threat information about a second novel animal (verbal information condition); b) approach-avoidance training in which they repeatedly pushed away (avoid) or pulled closer (approach) pictures of the animals (approach-avoidance training), c) a combined condition in which verbal information was given prior to approach-avoidance training (verbal information + approach-avoidance training) and d) a combined condition in which approach-avoidance training was given prior to verbal information (approach-avoidance training + verbal information).ResultsThreat and positive information significantly increased and decreased fear beliefs and avoidance behaviour respectively. Approach-avoidance training was successful in training the desired behavioural responses but had limited effects on fear-related responses. Verbal information and both combined conditions resulted in significantly larger effects than approach-avoidance training. We found no evidence for an additive effect of these pathways.LimitationsThis study used a non-clinical sample and focused on novel animals rather than animals about which children already had experience or established fears. The study also compared positive information/approach with threat information/avoid training, limiting specific conclusions regarding the independent effects of these conditions.ConclusionsThe present study finds little evidence in support of a possible causal role for behavioural response training in the aetiology of childhood fear. However, the provision of verbal information appears to be an important pathway involved in the aetiology of childhood fear
Quantitative simulation of a magneto-optical trap operating near the
  photon recoil limit

We present a quantitative model for magneto-optical traps operating on narrow
transitions, where the transition linewidth and the recoil shift are
comparable. We combine a quantum treatment of the light scattering process with
a Monte-Carlo simulation of the atomic motion. By comparing our model to an
experiment operating on the $5\rm{s}^2~^1\rm{S}_0 \rightarrow
5\rm{s}5\rm{p}~^3\rm{P}_1$ transition in strontium, we show that it
quantitatively reproduces the cloud size, position, temperature and dynamics
over a wide range of operating conditions, without any adjustable parameters.
We also present an extension of the model that quantitatively reproduces the
transfer of atoms into a far off-resonance dipole trap (FORT), highlighting its
use as a tool for optimising complex cold atom experiments
Decomposing transverse momentum balance contributions for quenched jets in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV

Interactions between jets and the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions are studied via the angular distributions of summed charged-particle transverse momenta (pT) with respect to both the leading and subleading jet axes in high-pT dijet events. The contributions of charged particles in different momentum ranges to the overall event pT balance are decomposed into short-range jet peaks and a long-range azimuthal asymmetry in charged-particle pT. The results for PbPb collisions are compared to those in pp collisions using data collected in 2011 and 2013, at collision energy sNN−−−−√=2.76 TeV with integrated luminosities of 166 μb−1 and 5.3 pb−1, respectively, by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Measurements are presented as functions of PbPb collision centrality, charged-particle pT, relative azimuth, and radial distance from the jet axis for balanced and unbalanced dijets
Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV was studied for 2 &lt; p(T) &lt; 16 GeV/c with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed at forward (p-going direction) and backward (Pb-going direction) rapidity, in the ranges of rapidity in the centre-of-mass system (cms) 2.03 &lt; y(cms) &lt; 3.53 and -4.46 &lt; y(cms) &lt; -2.96, respectively. The production cross sections and nuclear modification factors are presented as a function of transverse momentum (P-T). At forward rapidity, the nuclear modification factor is compatible with unity while at backward rapidity, in the interval 2.5 &lt; p(T) &lt; 3.5 GeV/c, it is above unity by more than 2 sigma. The ratio of the forward -to -backward production cross sections is also measured in the overlapping interval 2.96 &lt; |y(cms)| &lt; 3.53 and is smaller than unity by 3.7 sigma in 2.5 &lt; p(T) &lt; 3.5 GeV/c. The data are described by model calculations including cold nuclear matter effects. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V
Studies of azimuthal dihadron correlations in ultra-central PbPb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

Azimuthal dihadron correlations of charged particles have been measured in PbPb collisions at √s NN = 2.76TeV by the CMS collaboration, using data from the 2011 LHC heavy-ion run. The data set incluDes a sample of ultra-central (0-0.2% centrality) PbPb events collected using a trigger based on total transverse energy in the hadron forward calorimeters and the total multiplicity of pixel clusters in the silicon pixel tracker. A total of about 1.8 million ultra-central events were recorDed, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 120 μb-1. The observed correlations in ultra-central PbPb events are expected to be particularly sensitive to initial-state fluctuations. The single-particle anisotropy Fourier harmonics, from v2 to v6, are extracted as a function of particle transverse momentum. At higher transverse momentum, the v2 harmonic becomes significantly smaller than the higher-orDer vn (n ≥ 3). The pT-averaged v2 and v3 are found to be equal within 2%, while higher-orDer vn Decrease as n increases. The breakdown of factorization of dihadron correlations into single-particle azimuthal anisotropies is observed. This effect is found to be most prominent in the ultra-central PbPb collisions, where the initial-state fluctuations play a dominant role. A comparison of the factorization data to hydrodynamic predictions with event-by-event fluctuating initial conditions is also presented.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Searches for supersymmetry using the MT2 variable in hadronic events produced in pp collisions at 8 TeV

Searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) are performed using a sample of hadronic events produced in 8 TeV pp collisions at the CERN LHC. The searches are based on the MT2 variable, which is a measure of the transverse momentum imbalance in an event. The data were collected with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1. Two related searches are performed. The first is an inclusive search based on signal regions defined by the value of the MT2 variable, the hadronic energy in the event, the jet multiplicity, and the number of jets identified as originating from bottom quarks. The second is a search for a mass peak corresponding to a Higgs boson decaying to a bottom quark-antiquark pair, where the Higgs boson is produced as a decay product of a SUSY particle. For both searches, the principal backgrounds are evaluated with data control samples. No significant excess over the expected number of background events is observed, and exclusion limits on various SUSY models are derived.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Round table: nucleon tomography. What can we do better today than Rutherford 100 years ago?

A survey is presented on the current status of 3D nucleon tomography. Several research frontiers are addressed that dominate modern physics from theory to current and future experiments. We have now a much more detailed spatial image of the nucleon thanks to various theoretical concepts and methods to describe its charge distribution and spin decomposition which are highlighted here. The progress of lattice computations of these quantities is reported and the prospects of what we can come to expect in the near future are discussed. Multi-dimensional maps of the nucleon's partonic structure appear now within reach of forthcoming experiments
The potentials of student initiated netspeak in a middle primary science-inspired mutliliteracies project

There is no denying that the information technology revolution of the late twentieth century has arrived. Whilst not equitably accessible for many, others hold high expectations for the contributions online activity will make to student learning outcomes. Concurrently, and not necessarily consequentially, the number of science and technology secondary school and university graduates throughout the world has declined substantially, as has their motivation and engagement with school science (OECD, 2006). The aim of this research paper is to explore one aspect of online activity, that of forum-based netspeak (Crystal, 2006), in relation to the possibilities and challenges it provides for forms of scientific learning. This paper reports findings from a study investigating student initiated netspeak in a science inspired multiliteracies (New London Group, 2000) project in one middle primary (aged 7-10 years) multi-age Australian classroom. Drawing on the theoretical description of the Five phases of enquiry proposed by Bybee (1997), an analytic framework is proffered that allows identification of student engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration and evaluation of scientific enquiry. The findings provide insight into online forums for advancing learning in and motivation for science in the middle primary years
Address terms in turn beginnings: Managing disalignment and disaffiliation in telephone counselling

This paper examines use of address terms by counsellors on a telephone counselling service for children and young people. Drawing on conversation analytic findings and methods, we show how personal names are used in the management of structural and interpersonal aspects of counselling interaction. Focusing on address terms in turn-beginnings - where a name is used as, or as part of, a preface - the analysis shows that address terms are used in turns that are not fitted with prior talk in terms of either the activity or affective stance of the client. We discuss two environments in which this practice is observed: in beginning turns that initiate a new action sequence, and in turns that challenge the client’s position. Our focus is on the use of client names in the context of producing disaligning or disaffiliative actions. In disaligned actions, counsellors produced sequentially disjunctive turns that regularly involved a return to a counselling agenda. In disaffiliative actions counsellors presented a stance that did not fit with the affective stance of the client in the prior turn, for instance, in disagreeing with or complimenting the client. \ud
The paper discusses how such turns invoke a counselling agenda and how name use is used in the management of rapport and trust in counselling interaction
Key factors for the development of a culturally appropriate interactive multimedia informative program for aboriginal health workers

This research aims to create and evaluate a model for a culturally appropriate, interactive, multimedia and informative health program for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health workers that aims to improve the capacity to independently control their learning within an attractive learning environment. The research also aims to provide recommendations for policy development and further research. This study involved four phases: program needs assessment, identification of the key factors that should be considered in developing the CD-ROM, model development, and formative evaluation for the model. A general needs assessment as a first step in program development highlighted the presence of continuing education gaps and indicated the need for a new means to deliver a sustainable, efficient and culturally acceptable program. This article explores the second objective in this study, which is the identification of the key factors considered for developing the program. The identification began with a systematic review of the literature which served as background information, followed by qualitative semistructured interviews with diverse key stakeholders to explore their expectations and recommendations. The findings indicated that the most important key factors could be categorised under four main categories: cultural factors, information technology availability and literacy, learning aspects, and interactive multimedia factors. Cultural factors included cultural inclusivity, oral cultural, pre-existing knowledge, and Aboriginal preferred learning styles. Information technology factors concerned technology availability and literacy. Learning aspects highlighted the impact of the learning theory in model design. Interactive multimedia development factors explored included the requirements for the process, fitting and design of the program. Recommendations for program design were also provided.
Bin Packing Problem with uncertainty on item availability: an application to Capacity Planning in Logistics

Most modern companies are part of international economic networks, where goods are produced under different strategies, then transported over long distances and stored for variable periods of time at different locations along the considered network. These activities are often performed by first consolidating goods in appropriate bins, which are then stored at warehouses and shipped using multiple vehicles through various transportation modes. Companies thus face the problem of planning for sufficient capacity, e.g., negotiating it with third party logistic firms (3PLs) that specify both the capacity to be used and the logistical services to be performed. Given the time lag that usually exists between the capacity-planning decisions and the operational decisions that define how the planned capacity is used, the common assumption that all information concerning the parameters of the model is known is unlikely to be observed. We therefore propose a new stochastic problem, named the Variable Cost and Size Bin Packing Problem with Stochastic Items. The problem considers a company making a tactical capacity plan by choosing a set of appropriate bins, which are defined according to their specific volume and fixed cost. Bins included in the capacity plan are chosen in advance without the exact knowledge of what items will be available for the dispatching. When, during the operational phase, the planned capacity is not sufficient, extra capacity must be purchased. An extensive experimental plan is used to analyze the impact that diversity in instance structure has on the capacity planning and the effect of considering different levels of variability and correlation of the stochastic parameters related to items
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities

The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s Law in the growth of cities, using data for all the twentieth century of the complete distribution of cities (without any size restrictions) in three countries: the US, Spain and Italy. On considering the distribution of cities, we find a tendency to divergence. However, this fact does not impede, whether from an empirical or a theoretical point of view, that city size distribution can be adequately approximated with a lognormal distribution. Also, the conclusions which can be obtained as to fulfilment or not of Gibrat’s Law depend, first, on the sample size and, second, on the size of the cities being considered (large or small), which means that the results of any study which does not use all the distribution will be relative.