pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A cross-national examination of motivation to volunteer: religious context, national value patterns, and nonprofit regimes

Although motivation to volunteer (MTV) is one of the most frequently researched topics in the field of volunteering research, few studies have compared and explained MTV cross-nationally. Using data from the 1990 World Values Surveys, this study examines if and how specific societal characteristics are asso-ciated with self-reported motivations to volunteer, focusing on national religious context, dominant value patterns, and institutional variations in terms of welfare state regimes and characteristics of the nonprofit sector. Across all countries stud-ied, people who volunteered expressed both altruistic and self-oriented motiva-tions, but we observed important cross-national variations in the emphasis put on both motivational dimensions. Besides the influence of individual-level character-istics, we found partial evidence for a contextual understanding of motivation to volunteer. With respect to religion, we expected a beneficial relationship with al-truistic motivations. While such a positive relationship was found at the individual level, the evidence for a religious national context was ambiguous: on the one hand, no relationship was found between extensive religious networks and support for altruistic motivations; on the other, strong religious beliefs among the general population were negatively associated with both altruistic and self-interested MTV. The prevalence of a post-material value pattern did not represent a threat to feelings of altruism, and produced mixed findings concerning self-interested MTV. Finally, welfare states with lower social spending, a large nonprofit sector with little revenue from government, and an active citizenry, in terms of a high rate of volunteering, stimulated the expression of altruistic motivations
The application of salutogenesis in everyday settings

In highly organised societies, understanding how organisations influence employees’ health, customers’ health and population health is crucial for health promotion. As the immediate influence on employee health is particularly strong, the chapter focuses on this aspect. Based on a review of ongoing changes of the economy, of organising work and of the roles of employees, we argue that agency for organisational health lies and needs to be strengthened within the organisation. Consequently, we define Organisational Health Development (OHD) as both the ongoing reproduction and the targeted improvement of health in organisations as social systems, based on the interaction (process dimensions) of individual and organisational capacities (structural dimensions).\ud
We review conceptual and empirical research of OHD as well as of health-oriented interventions in organisations that at least partly follow the salutogenic orientation. This review leads to an OHD model that shows how individual and organisational capacities co-produce both pathogenic and salutogenic processes in organisations, which taken together influence the sustainable performance of organisations. Such a framework allows to specify the general salutogenic model for the context of organisations. It serves as a joint group action theory for all stakeholders, generating a common language, compatible perspectives and mutual action to improve OHD. Additionally, it supports for well-structured, comparable intervention research on capacity building for OHD. The main challenge for the future will be to hold organisations accountable to be a healthy organisation—being low in producing pathogenic processes, but high in producing salutogenic processes for its members, customers and the larger environment
The meanings of salutogenesis

The term salutogenesis is associated with a variety of meanings that Aaron Antonovsky introduced in his 1979 book Health, Stress and Coping and expounded in many subsequent works. In its most thoroughly explicated meaning, salutogenesis refers to a model described in detail in Health, Stress and Coping, which posits that life experiences help shape one’s sense of coherence (a global orientation); life is understood as more or less comprehensible, meaningful and manageable. A strong sense of coherence helps one mobilise resources to cope with stressors and manage tension successfully. Through this mechanism, the sense of coherence helps determine one’s movement on the health Ease/Dis-ease continuum. In its most particular meaning, salutogenesis is almost equivalent to the sense of coherence. In its more general meaning, salutogenesis refers to a scholarly orientation focusing attention on the study of the origins of health, contra the origins of disease. Salutogenesis—model, sense of coherence and orientation—is in harmony with developments across the social sciences that seek better understanding of positive aspects of human experience. For instance, the key concepts of salutogenesis, of positive psychology and of positive organisational behaviour are consonant even if the terminologies are not uniform. It is therefore quite easy to label research and practice in these arenas as having a salutogenic orientation, and use the salutogenesis umbrella metaphor to embrace the cornucopia of scholarly ideas. Among these is the quite specific idea of the sense of coherence, and this meaning of salutogenesis is dominant, at least in the health promotion literature. This is so much so that some equate salutogenesis with the sense of coherence and refer to the sense of coherence as a model or theory (rather than as part of the salutogenic model). This book is about salutogenesis in all these meanings, which are briefly characterised in this chapter, to set the stage for the chapters that follow. We also briefly discuss salutogenesis in relation to other concepts within and beyond the health arena, with which salutogenesis has important kinship
The application of salutogenesis to work

Work is both detrimental and health promoting. Antonovsky accentuated the distinction between eliminating stressors and developing health-enhancing job characteristics. He elaborated on job characteristics that potentially relate to a sense of coherence, offering a dense description of a workplace where individuals experience meaningfulness, manageability, and comprehensibility. This chapter presents models, measures, and intervention approaches that relate to the double nature of work and to both its pathogenic and its salutogenic qualities. Hereby, the view of Antonovsky is enhanced, insofar that health-promoting, salutogenic job characteristics are not solely understood as buffering the pathogenic effects of stressors at work, but have a direct effect on positive health outcomes. Antonovsky’s original model is first specified and simplified for the context of work. Then, Antonovsky’s line of thinking is related to frameworks researching job resources and demands. After a review of the prevalence of salutogenic measures in worksite health promotion, the point of making salutogenesis more visible in work-related research and practice is elaborated upon. This is illustrated with a practical example of a survey-feedback process promoting salutogenic work. Finally, the implications and challenges for practice and future research on salutogenic work are discussed
The application of salutogenesis to organisations

In highly organised societies, understanding how organisations influence employees’ health, customers’ health and population health is crucial for health promotion. As the immediate influence on employee health is particularly strong, the chapter focuses on this aspect. Based on a review of ongoing changes of the economy, of organising work and of the roles of employees, we argue that agency for organisational health lies and needs to be strengthened within the organisation. Consequently, we define Organisational Health Development (OHD) as both the ongoing reproduction and the targeted improvement of health in organisations as social systems, based on the interaction (process dimensions) of individual and organisational capacities (structural dimensions).\ud
We review conceptual and empirical research of OHD as well as of health-oriented interventions in organisations that at least partly follow the salutogenic orientation. This review leads to an OHD model that shows how individual and organisational capacities co-produce both pathogenic and salutogenic processes in organisations, which taken together influence the sustainable performance of organisations. Such a framework allows to specify the general salutogenic model for the context of organisations. It serves as a joint group action theory for all stakeholders, generating a common language, compatible perspectives and mutual action to improve OHD. Additionally, it supports for well-structured, comparable intervention research on capacity building for OHD. The main challenge for the future will be to hold organisations accountable to be a healthy organisation—being low in producing pathogenic processes, but high in producing salutogenic processes for its members, customers and the larger environment
Mobile Augmented Reality: Applications and Spe-cific Technical Issues

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04702-7 Print ISBN: 978-3-319-04701-0 Online ISBN: 978-3-319-04702-7Although human's sedentary nature over time, his wish to travel the world remains as strong as ever. This paper discusses how imagery and Augmented Reality (AR) techniques can be of great help not only when discovering a new urban environment but also when observ-ing the evolution of the natural environment. The study is applied on Smartphone which is currently our most familiar device. Smart phone is utilized in our daily lives because it is low weight, ease of communications, and other valuable applications. In this chapter, we discuss technical issues of augmented reality especially with building recognition. Our building recog-nition method is based on an efficient hybrid approach, which combines the potentials of Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) features points and lines. Our method relies on Approxi-mate Nearest Neighbors Search approach (ANNS). Although ANNS approaches are high speed, they are less accurate than linear algorithms. To assure an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy, the proposed method performs a filtering step on the top of the ANNS. Finally, our method calls Hausdorff measure [15] with line models
Mobile Augmented Reality: Applications and Specific Technical Issues

Although man has become sedentary over time, his wish to travel the world remains as strong as ever. The aim of this paper is to show how techniques based on imagery and Augmented Reality (AR) can prove to be of great help when discovering a new urban environment and observing the evolution of the natural environment. The study’s support is naturally the Smartphone which in just a few years has become our most familiar device, which we take with us practically everywhere we go in our daily lives. In this chapter, we discuss technical issues of augmented reality. We deal especially with building recognition. Our building recognition method is based on an efficient hybrid approach, which combines the potentials of SURF features points and features lines. Our method relies on ANNS (Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search) approach, described by Muja et al. [11]. ANNS approaches are known for their speed but they are less accurate than linear algorithms. To assure an optimal trade-off between speed and accuracy, the proposed method performs a filtering step on the top of the Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search. At the last step, our method calls Hausdorff measure [15] with line models
An institution for Alloy and its translation to second-order logic

Publicado em "Integration of reusable systems". ISBN 978-3-319-04716-4Lightweight formal methods, of which Alloy is a prime example, combine the rigour of mathematics without compromising simplicity of use and suitable tool support. In some cases, however, the verification of safety or mission critical software entails the need for more sophisticated technologies, typically based on theorem provers. This explains a number of attempts to connect Alloy to specific theorem provers documented in the literature. This chapter, however, takes a different perspective: instead of focusing on one more combination of Alloy with still another prover, it lays out the foundations to fully integrate this system in the Hets platform which supports a huge network of logics, logic translators and provers. This makes possible for Alloy specifications to “borrow” the power of several, non dedicated proof systems. The chapter extends the authors’ previous work on this subject by developing in full detail the semantical foundations for this integration, including a formalisation of Alloy as an institution, and introducing a new, more general translation of the latter to second-order logic
Product Specification for Flexible Workflow Orchestrations in Service Oriented Holonic Manufacturing Systems

International audienceHolonic Manufacturing Systems are a response solution for the emer-gent need of flexible, reactive and productive manufacturing systems. This pa-per relies on PROSA, a classical holonic referencearchitecture, whichmakes use of a product specification, a process specification and a means to determine a resource's productionabilitiesand capacity, but does not define a specific me-thod for representing such.This paper proposes an approach to define a prod-uct's process specification model that integrates the principles and advantages of Service-oriented Architectures, Petri-Nets and Product Families. Then, are-definition of the basic holons is given to have a glimpse on a possible exploita-tion of this new approach, together with a short-term forecasting strategy, for the flexible orchestration of workflows. Finally, it is shown how the proposed-product's process specification model enhances the HMS's flexibility,reactivity and productivity giving rise to a Service-oriented HolonicManufacturing Sys-tem
Classic wisdom about ways to happiness: How does it apply today?

__Abstract__\ud
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Since we humans have some choice in how we live our lives, there has always been ideas about what constitutes a good life. Written reflections on that subject focus typically on moral issues, but there have always been ideas about what constitutes a satisfying life. Interest in this classic wisdom is increasing today, as part of the rising concern about happiness. This begs the question of what we can learn from this ancient wisdom. Does it hold universal truth? Or are these views specific for the historical conditions from which they emerged? In this paper I consider some classic beliefs about happiness and inspect how well these apply in contemporary society. The following five beliefs are considered: 1) Happiness is found in fame and power: follow the path of the warrior. 2) Happiness is found in wealth and involvement: follow the path of the merchant. 3) Happiness is found in intellectual development: follow the path of the philosopher. 4) Happiness is found in simplicity: follow the path of the peasant. 5) Happiness is not of this world: follow the path of the monk. Each of these ways to happiness will manifest in specific behaviors and attitudes and I inspected to what extent these go together with happiness today. To do this. I selected relevant research findings from the World Database of Happiness. The classic beliefs 1 and 2 seem to apply fairly well today, but 3 and 4 not. The advice to seek happiness in other-worldly detachment (5) may have been more sensible in the brutish conditions of feudal society, in which it emerged
Occupation times of exclusion processes

In this paper we consider exclusion processes $\{\eta_t: t\geq{0}\}$ evolving on the one-dimensional lattice $\mathbb{Z}$, under the diffusive time scale $tn^2$ and starting from the invariant state $\nu_\rho$ - the Bernoulli product measure of parameter $\rho\in{[0,1]}$. Our goal consists in establishing the scaling
limits of the additive functional $\Gamma_t:=\int_{0}^{tn^2} \eta_s(0)\, ds$ - {\em{ the occupation time of the origin}}. We present a method, recently introduced in \cite{G.J.}, from which a
{\em{local Boltzmann-Gibbs Principle}} can be derived for a general class of exclusion processes. In this case, this
principle says that $\Gamma_t$ is very well approximated to the additive functional of the density of particles. As a consequence, the scaling limits of $\Gamma_t$
follow from the scaling limits of the density of particles. As examples we present the mean-zero exclusion, the symmetric simple exclusion and
the weakly asymmetric simple exclusion. For the latter under a strong asymmetry regime, the limit of $\Gamma_t$ is given in terms of the solution of the KPZ equation.FC
A tour on Hermitian symmetric manifolds

Hermitian symmetric manifolds are Hermitian manifolds which are homogeneous
and such that every point has a symmetry preserving the Hermitian structure.
The aim of these notes is to present an introduction to this important class of
manifolds, trying to survey the several different perspectives from which
Hermitian symmetric manifolds can be studied.Comment: 56 pages, expanded version. Written for the Proceedings of the
  CIME-CIRM summer course "Combinatorial Algebraic Geometry". Comments are
  still welcome
Formal Architecture Specification for Time Analysis

WCET calculus is nowadays a must for safety critical systems. As a matter of fact, basic real-time properties rely on accurate timings. Although over the last years, substantial progress has been made in order to get a more precise WCET, we believe that the design of the underlying frameworks deserve more attention. In this paper, we are concerned mainly with two aspects which deal with the modularity of these frameworks. First, we enhance the existing language Sim-nML for describing processors at the instruction level in order to capture modern architecture aspects. Second, we propose a light DSL in order to describe, in a formal prose, architectural aspects related to both the structural aspects as well as to the behavioral aspects
A Modeling and Formal Approach for the Precise Specification of Security Patterns

Non-functional requirements such as Security and Dependability (S &D) become more important as well as more difficult to achieve. In fact, the integration of security features requires the availability of both application domain specific knowledge and security expertise at the same time. Hence, capturing and providing this expertise by the way of security patterns can support the integration of S&D features by design to foster reuse during the process of software system development.\ud
The solution envisaged here is based on combining metamodeling techniques and formal methods to represent security pattern at two levels of abstraction fostering reuse during the process of pattern development and during the process of pattern-based development. The contribution of this work is twofold: (1) An improvement of our previous pattern modeling language for representing security pattern in the form of a subsystem providing appropriate interfaces and targeting security properties, (2) Formal specification and validation of pattern properties, using the interactive Isabelle/HOL proof assistant. The resulting validation artifacts may mainly complete the definitions, and provide semantics for the interfaces and the properties in the context of S&D. As a result, validated patterns will be used as bricks to build applications through a Model-Driven engineering approach
Thermal Density Functional Theory in Context

This chapter introduces thermal density functional theory, starting from the
ground-state theory and assuming a background in quantum mechanics and
statistical mechanics. We review the foundations of density functional theory
(DFT) by illustrating some of its key reformulations. The basics of DFT for
thermal ensembles are explained in this context, as are tools useful for
analysis and development of approximations. We close by discussing some key
ideas relating thermal DFT and the ground state. This review emphasizes thermal
DFT's strengths as a consistent and general framework.Comment: Submitted to Spring Verlag as chapter in "Computational Challenges in
  Warm Dense Matter", F. Graziani et al. ed
Scalable Accurate Consolidation of Passively Measured Statistical Data

Passive probes continuously collect a significant amount of traffic vol- ume, and autonomously generate statistics on a large number of metrics. A common statistical output of passive probe is represented by probability mass functions (pmf). The need for consolidation of several pmfs arises in two contexts, namely: (i) whenever a central point collects and aggregates measurement of multiple disjoint vantage points, and (ii) whenever a local measurement processed at a single vantage point needs to be distributed over multiple cores of the same physical probe, in order to cope with growing link capacity. Taking an experimental approach, we study both cases assessing the impact of different consolidation strategies, obtaining general design and tuning guidelines
Covering Pairs in Directed Acyclic Graphs

The Minimum Path Cover problem on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is a
classical problem that provides a clear and simple mathematical formulation for
several applications in different areas and that has an efficient algorithmic
solution. In this paper, we study the computational complexity of two
constrained variants of Minimum Path Cover motivated by the recent introduction
of next-generation sequencing technologies in bioinformatics. The first problem
(MinPCRP), given a DAG and a set of pairs of vertices, asks for a minimum
cardinality set of paths "covering" all the vertices such that both vertices of
each pair belong to the same path. For this problem, we show that, while it is
NP-hard to compute if there exists a solution consisting of at most three
paths, it is possible to decide in polynomial time whether a solution
consisting of at most two paths exists. The second problem (MaxRPSP), given a
DAG and a set of pairs of vertices, asks for a path containing the maximum
number of the given pairs of vertices. We show its NP-hardness and also its
W[1]-hardness when parametrized by the number of covered pairs. On the positive
side, we give a fixed-parameter algorithm when the parameter is the maximum
overlapping degree, a natural parameter in the bioinformatics applications of
the problem
Weighted Automata and Logics for Infinite Nested Words

Nested words introduced by Alur and Madhusudan are used to capture structures
with both linear and hierarchical order, e.g. XML documents, without losing
valuable closure properties. Furthermore, Alur and Madhusudan introduced
automata and equivalent logics for both finite and infinite nested words, thus
extending B\"uchi's theorem to nested words. Recently, average and discounted
computations of weights in quantitative systems found much interest. Here, we
will introduce and investigate weighted automata models and weighted MSO logics
for infinite nested words. As weight structures we consider valuation monoids
which incorporate average and discounted computations of weights as well as the
classical semirings. We show that under suitable assumptions, two resp. three
fragments of our weighted logics can be transformed into each other. Moreover,
we show that the logic fragments have the same expressive power as weighted
nested word automata.Comment: LATA 2014, 12 page