pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Mapping cortical anatomy in preschool aged children with autism using surface-based morphometry

AbstractThe challenges of gathering in-vivo measures of brain anatomy from young children have limited the number of independent studies examining neuroanatomical differences between children with autism and typically developing controls (TDCs) during early life, and almost all studies in this critical developmental window focus on global or lobar measures of brain volume. Using a novel cohort of young males with Autistic Disorder and TDCs aged 2 to 5years, we (i) tested for group differences in traditional measures of global anatomy (total brain, total white, total gray and total cortical volume), and (ii) employed surface-based methods for cortical morphometry to directly measure the two biologically distinct sub-components of cortical volume (CV) at high spatial resolution—cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). While measures of global brain anatomy did not show statistically significant group differences, children with autism showed focal, and CT-specific anatomical disruptions compared to TDCs, consisting of relative cortical thickening in regions with central roles in behavioral regulation, and the processing of language, biological movement and social information. Our findings demonstrate the focal nature of brain involvement in early autism, and provide more spatially and morphometrically specific anatomical phenotypes for subsequent translational study
Set multi-covering via inclusion–exclusion

AbstractSet multi-covering is a generalization of the set covering problem where each element may need to be covered more than once and thus some subset in the given family of subsets may be picked several times for minimizing the number of sets to satisfy the coverage requirement. In this paper, we propose a family of exact algorithms for the set multi-covering problem based on the inclusion–exclusion principle. The presented ESMC (Exact Set Multi-Covering) algorithm takes O∗((2t)n) time and O∗((t+1)n) space where t is the maximum value in the coverage requirement set (The O∗(f(n)) notation omits a polylog(f(n)) factor). We also propose the other three exact algorithms through different tradeoffs of the time and space complexities. To the best of our knowledge, this present paper is the first one to give exact algorithms for the set multi-covering problem with nontrivial time and space complexities. This paper can also be regarded as a generalization of the exact algorithm for the set covering problem given in [A. Björklund, T. Husfeldt, M. Koivisto, Set partitioning via inclusion–exclusion, SIAM Journal on Computing, in: FOCS 2006 (in press, special issue)]
Elimination and nonlinear equations of Rees algebras

AbstractA new approach is established to computing the image of a rational map, whereby the use of approximation complexes is complemented with a detailed analysis of the torsion of the symmetric algebra in certain degrees. In the case the map is everywhere defined this analysis provides free resolutions of graded parts of the Rees algebra of the base ideal in degrees where it does not coincide with the corresponding symmetric algebra. A surprising fact is that the torsion in those degrees only contributes to the first free module in the resolution of the symmetric algebra modulo torsion. An additional point is that this contribution – which of course corresponds to nonlinear equations of the Rees algebra – can be described in these degrees in terms of non-Koszul syzygies via certain upgrading maps in the vein of the ones introduced earlier by J. Herzog, the third named author and W. Vasconcelos. As a measure of the reach of this torsion analysis we could say that, in the case of a general everywhere defined map, half of the degrees where the torsion does not vanish are understood
Charge symmetry breaking in Λ hypernuclei revisited

AbstractThe large charge symmetry breaking (CSB) implied by the Λ binding energy difference ΔBΛ4(0g.s.+)≡BΛ(HeΛ4)−BΛ(HΛ4)=0.35±0.06 MeV of the A=4 mirror hypernuclei ground states, determined from emulsion studies, has defied theoretical attempts to reproduce it in terms of CSB in hyperon masses and in hyperon–nucleon interactions, including one pion exchange arising from Λ–Σ0 mixing. Using a schematic strong-interaction ΛN↔ΣN coupling model developed by Akaishi and collaborators for s-shell Λ hypernuclei, we revisit the evaluation of CSB in the A=4 Λ hypernuclei and extend it to p-shell mirror Λ hypernuclei. The model yields values of ΔBΛ4(0g.s.+)∼0.25 MeV. Smaller size and mostly negative p-shell binding energy differences are calculated for the A=7–10 mirror hypernuclei, in rough agreement with the few available data. CSB is found to reduce by almost 30 keV the 110 keV BΛ10 g.s. doublet splitting anticipated from the hyperon–nucleon strong-interaction spin dependence, thereby explaining the persistent experimental failure to observe the 2exc−→1g.s.− γ-ray transition
Search for top-squark pairs decaying into Higgs or Z bosons in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA search for supersymmetry through the direct pair production of top squarks, with Higgs (H) or Z bosons in the decay chain, is performed using a data sample of proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1. The search is performed using a selection of events containing leptons and bottom-quark jets. No evidence for a significant excess of events over the standard model background prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair production of a heavier top-squark mass eigenstate t˜2 decaying to a lighter top-squark mass eigenstate t˜1 via either t˜2→Ht˜1 or t˜2→Zt˜1, followed in both cases by t˜1→tχ˜10, where χ˜10 is an undetected, stable, lightest supersymmetric particle. The interpretation is performed in the region where the mass difference between the t˜1 and χ˜10 states is approximately equal to the top-quark mass (mt˜1−mχ˜10≃mt), which is not probed by searches for direct t˜1 squark pair production. The analysis excludes top squarks with masses mt˜2<575 GeV and mt˜1<400 GeV at a 95% confidence level
Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

AbstractThe average transverse momentum 〈pT〉 versus the charged-particle multiplicity Nch was measured in p–Pb collisions at a collision energy per nucleon–nucleon pair sNN=5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at collision energies of s=0.9,2.76, and 7 TeV in the kinematic range 0.15<pT<10.0 GeV/c and |η|<0.3 with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. These data are compared to results in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV at similar charged-particle multiplicities. In pp and p–Pb collisions, a strong increase of 〈pT〉 with Nch is observed, which is much stronger than that measured in Pb–Pb collisions. For pp collisions, this could be attributed, within a model of hadronizing strings, to multiple-parton interactions and to a final-state color reconnection mechanism. The data in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions cannot be described by an incoherent superposition of nucleon–nucleon collisions and pose a challenge to most of the event generators
Complementary characterization data in support of uniaxially aligned electrospun nanocomposites based on a model PVOH-epoxy system

AbstractThis paper presents complementary data corresponding to characterization tests done for our research article entitled “Uniaxially aligned electrospun fibers for advanced nanocomposites based on a model PVOH-epoxy system” (Karimi et al., 2016) [1]. Poly(vinyl alcohol) and epoxy resin were selected as a model system and the effect of electrospun fiber loading on polymer properties was examined in conjunction with two manufacturing methods. A novel electrospinning technology for production of uniaxially aligned nanofiber arrays was used. A conventional wet lay-up fabrication method is compared against a novel, hybrid electrospinning–electrospraying approach. The structure and thermomechanical properties of resulting composite materials were examined using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile testing. For discussion of obtained results please refer to the research paper (Karimi et al., 2016) [1]
The Classic: Registry of Bone Sarcoma: Part I.—Twenty-Five Criteria for Establishing the Diagnosis of Osteogenic Sarcoma. Part II.—Thirteen Registered Cases of “Five Year Cures” Analyzed According to These Criteria

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by Ernest Amory Codman, Registry of Bone Sarcoma: Part I.—Twenty-Five Criteria for Establishing the Diagnosis of Osteogenic Sarcoma. Part II.—Thirteen Registered Cases of “Five Year Cures” Analyzed According to These Criteria. An accompanying biographical sketch of Ernest Amory Codman, MD, and The Classic: The Registry of Bone Sarcomas as an Example of the End-Result Idea in Hospital Organization are available at DOIs 10.1007/s11999-009-1047-8 and 10.1007/s11999-009-1048-7, respectively. The Classic Article is ©1926 by the Journal of the American College of Surgeons and is reprinted with permission from Codman EA. Registry of bone sarcoma; part I, twenty-five criteria for establishing diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma; part II, 13 registered cases of 5 year cures analyzed according to these criteria. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1926;42:381–393
Measurement of $B^0$, $B^0_s$, $B^+$ and $\Lambda^0_b$ production
  asymmetries in 7 and 8 TeV proton-proton collisions

The $B^0$, $B^0_s$, $B^+$ and $\Lambda^0_b$ hadron production asymmetries are
measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0
fb$^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at
centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measurements are performed as a
function of transverse momentum and rapidity of the $b$ hadrons within the LHCb
detector acceptance. The overall production asymmetries, integrated over
transverse momentum and rapidity, are also determined.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-062.htm
The abundance of ultra-diffuse galaxies from groups to clusters: UDGs
  are relatively more common in more massive haloes

In recent years, multiple studies have reported substantial populations of
large, low-surface-brightness galaxies in local galaxy clusters. Various
theories that aim to explain the presence of such ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs)
have since been proposed. A key question that will help to differentiate
between models is whether UDGs have counterparts in lower-mass host haloes, and
what their abundance as a function of halo mass is. In this study we extend our
previous study of UDGs in galaxy clusters to galaxy groups. We measure the
abundance of UDGs in 325 spectroscopically-selected groups from the Galaxy And
Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We make use of the overlapping imaging from the
ESO Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), from which we can identify galaxies with mean
surface brightnesses within their effective radii down to ~25.5 mag
arcsec$^{-2}$ in the r-band. We are able to measure a significant overdensity
of UDGs (with sizes r_eff > 1.5 kpc) in galaxy groups down to M200=10^12 Msun,
a regime where approximately only 1 in 10 groups contains a UDG that we can
detect. We combine measurements of the abundance of UDGs in haloes that cover
three orders of magnitude in halo mass, finding that their numbers scale quite
steeply with halo mass; N_UDG (R<R200) $\propto$ M200^(1.11+/-0.07). To better
interpret this, we also measure the mass-richness relation for brighter
galaxies down to $M^*_r$+2.5 in the same GAMA groups, and find a much shallower
relation of N_Bright (R<R200) $\propto$ M200^(0.78+/-0.05). This shows that
UDGs are relatively more abundant, compared to bright galaxies, in massive
clusters than in groups. We discuss implications, but whether this difference
is related to a higher destruction rate of UDGs in groups, or whether massive
haloes have a positive effect on their formation, is not yet clear.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures (including appendices). Accepted for publication
  in A&A after minor revisio
Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior : a social interaction based model of exposure

Recent advances in transportation geography demonstrate the ability to compute a metropolitan scale metric of social interaction opportunities based on the time-geographic concept of joint accessibility. The method we put forward in this article decomposes the social interaction potential (SIP) metric into interactions within and between social groups, such as people of different race, income level, and occupation. This provides a novel metric of exposure, one of the fundamental spatial dimensions of segregation. In particular, the SIP metric is disaggregated into measures of inter-group and intra-group exposure. While activity spaces have been used to measure exposure in the geographic literature, these approaches do not adequately represent the dynamic nature of the target populations. We make the next step by representing both the source and target population groups by space-time prisms, thus more accurately representing spatial and temporal dynamics and constraints. Additionally, decomposition of the SIP metric means that each of the group-wise components of the SIP metric can be represented at zones of residence, workplace, and specific origin-destination pairs. Consequently, the spatial variation in segregation can be explored and hotspots of segregation and integration potential can be identified. The proposed approach is demonstrated for synthetic cities with different population distributions and daily commute flow characteristics, as well as for a case study of the Detroit-Warren-Livonia MSA
Assessing fracture risk in early stage breast cancer patients treated with aromatase-inhibitors: An enhanced screening approach incorporating trabecular bone score.

Aromatase-inhibitors (AIs) are commonly used for treatment of patients with hormone-receptor positive breast carcinoma, and are known to induce bone density loss and increase the risk of fractures. The current standard-of-care screening tool for fracture risk is bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) may be used in conjunction with BMD to identify additional osteopenic patients at risk of fracture who may benefit from a bone-modifying agent (BMA). The trabecular bone score (TBS), a novel method of measuring bone microarchitecture by DXA, has been shown to be an independent indicator of increased fracture risk. We report how the addition of TBS and FRAX®, respectively, to BMD contribute to identification of elevated fracture risk (EFR) in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with AIs.
100 patients with early stage hormone-positive breast cancer treated with AIs, no prior BMAs, and with serial DXAs were identified. BMD and TBS were measured from DXA images before and following initiation of AIs, and FRAX® scores were calculated from review of clinical records. EFR was defined as either: BMD ≤-2.5 or BMD between -2.5 and -1 plus either increased risk by FRAX® or degraded microstructure by TBS.
At baseline, BMD alone identified 4% of patients with EFR. The addition of FRAX® increased detection to 13%, whereas the combination of BMD, FRAX® and TBS identified 20% of patients with EFR. Following AIs, changes in TBS were independent of changes in BMD. On follow-up DXA, BMD alone detected an additional 1 patient at EFR (1%), whereas BMD+ FRAX® identified 3 additional patients (3%), and BMD+FRAX®+TBS identified 7 additional patients (7%).
The combination of FRAX®, TBS, and BMD maximized the identification of patients with EFR. TBS is a novel assessment that enhances the detection of patients who may benefit from BMAs
15q11.2 CNV affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesSeveral copy number variants have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and these variants have been shown to also influence cognitive abilities in carriers unaffected by psychiatric disorders. Previously, we associated the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion with specific learning disabilities and a larger corpus callosum. Here we investigate, in a much larger sample, the effect of the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion on cognitive, structural and functional correlates of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We report that the deletion confers greatest risk of the combined phenotype of dyslexia and dyscalculia. We also show that the deletion associates with a smaller left fusiform gyrus. Moreover, tailored functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments using phonological lexical decision and multiplication verification tasks demonstrate altered activation in the left fusiform and the left angular gyri in carriers. Thus, by using convergent evidence from neuropsychological testing, and structural and functional neuroimaging, we show that the 15q11.2(BP1-BP2) deletion affects cognitive, structural and functional correlates of both dyslexia and dyscalculia
Characterization of façade fenestration for energy studies within the "Eixample" urban tissue of Barcelona

This paper explores the possibility of characterising the degree of fenestration of a certain city by studying a limited building\ud
sample. For the case study of the Eixample district of Barcelona, window-to-wall ratio (WWR) guiding values are provided and\ud
the role of the date of construction and the façade orientation is assessed regarding the opening size. Results indicate that not only\ud
average WWR values but also dispersion indicators should be provided to adequately describe façade fenestration. The age of\ud
construction has found to be a helpful parameter to approximate representative WWR values of a tissue reducing the uncertaintyPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Search for a heavy gauge boson W' in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

A search for a heavy gauge boson W' has been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC in the decay channel with an electron and large transverse energy imbalance ETmiss, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1. No excess above standard model expectations is seen in the transverse mass distribution of the electron- ETmiss system. Assuming standard-model-like couplings and decay branching fractions, a W' boson with a mass less than 1.36 TeV/c2 is excluded at 95% confidence level. © 2011 CERN.CERN; The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in the lepton + jets channel in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search is presented for standard model (SM) production of four top quarks (Formula presented.) in pp collisions in the lepton + jets channel. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The expected cross section for SM (Formula presented.) production is (Formula presented.). A combination of kinematic reconstruction and multivariate techniques is used to distinguish between the small signal and large background. The data are consistent with expectations of the SM, and an upper limit of 32 fb is set at a 95% confidence level on the cross section for producing four top quarks in the SM, where a limit of 32 ± 17 fb is expected.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Identification and characterization of a dimerization domain in CED-6, an adapter protein involved in engulfment of apoptotic cells.

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is a key step in the completion of programmed cell death that occurs throughout life in multicellular organisms. The molecular events involved in clearance of apoptotic cells are just beginning to be elucidated. Recently, CED-6, an adapter protein involved in engulfment has been cloned in Caenorhabditis elegans and in humans. CED-6 is composed of a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and a proline-rich C-terminal domain with no apparent catalytic domain. Since PTB domains, originally identified in Shc, mediate intracellular signaling downstream of cell surface receptors, CED-6 has also been proposed to mediate intracellular signals leading to engulfment. In this report, we demonstrate that CED-6 dimerizes through a leucine zipper domain that is immediately adjacent to the PTB domain. Several lines of evidence based on co-immunoprecipitation studies, yeast two-hybrid assays, and gel filtration studies suggest that CED-6 exists as a dimer in vivo. Through mutational analyses, we show that the leucine zipper is necessary and sufficient for CED-6 dimerization and that this dimerization is conserved among C. elegans, rodent, and human CED-6 proteins. We propose that dimerization may have unique implications for ligand binding via CED-6 and its function during the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in the eνjj channel in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for pair-production of first generation scalar leptoquarks is performed in the final state containing an electron, a neutrino, and at least two jets using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions for standard model processes. Prior CMS results in the dielectron channel are combined with this electron+neutrino search. A 95% confidence level combined lower limit is set on the mass of a first generation scalar leptoquark at 340 GeV for beta=0.5, where beta is the branching fraction of the leptoquark to an electron and a quark. These results represent the most stringent direct limits to date for values of beta greater than 0.05
Circumventing the problem of the scale: discrete choice models with multiplicative error terms

We propose a multiplicative specification of a discrete choice model that renders choice probabilities independent of the scale of the utility. The scale can thus be random with unspecified distribution. The model mostly outperforms the classical additive formulation over a range of stated choice data sets. In some cases, the improvement in
likelihood is greater than that obtained from adding observed and unobserved heterogeneity to the additive specification. The multiplicative specification makes it unnecessary to capture scale heterogeneity and, consequently, yields a significant potential for reducing model complexity in the presence of heteroscedasticity. Thus the proposed multiplicative formulation should be a useful supplement to the techniques available for the analysis of discrete choices. There is however a cost to be paid in terms of increased analytical complexity relative to the additive formulations.