pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Rate of escape and central limit theorem for the supercritical Lamperti problem

The study of discrete-time stochastic processes on the half-line with mean drift at x given by μ1(x)→0 as x→∞ is known as Lamperti's problem. We give sharp almost-sure bounds for processes of this type in the case where μ1(x) is of order x−β for some β(0,1). The bounds are of order t1/(1+β), so the process is super-diffusive but sub-ballistic (has zero speed). We make minimal assumptions on the moments of the increments of the process (finiteness of (2+2β+ε)-moments for our main results, so fourth moments certainly suffice) and do not assume that the process is time-homogeneous or Markovian. In the case where xβμ1(x) has a finite positive limit, our results imply a strong law of large numbers, which strengthens and generalizes earlier results of Lamperti and Voit. We prove an accompanying central limit theorem, which appears to be new even in the case of a nearest-neighbour random walk, although our result is considerably more general. This answers a question of Lamperti. We also prove transience of the process under weaker conditions than those that we have previously seen in the literature. Most of our results also cover the case where β=0. We illustrate our results with applications to birth-and-death chains and to multi-dimensional non-homogeneous random walks
Study of Z boson production in pPb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

The production of Z bosons in pPb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV is studied by the CMS experiment via the electron and muon decay channels. The inclusive cross section is compared to pp collision predictions, and found to scale with the number of elementary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The differential cross sections as a function of the Z boson rapidity and transverse momentum are measured. Though they are found to be consistent within uncertainty with theoretical predictions both with and without nuclear effects, the forward-backward asymmetry suggests the presence of nuclear effects at large rapidities. These results provide new data for constraining nuclear parton distribution functions.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in
  association with a $Z$ boson in proton--proton collisions at 13 TeV with the
  ATLAS detector

The production of a top quark in association with a $Z$ boson is
investigated. The proton--proton collision data collected by the ATLAS
experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}
= 13 \mathrm{TeV}$ are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $36.1
\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. Events containing three identified leptons (electrons and/or
muons) and two jets, one of which is identified as a $b$-quark jet are
selected. The major backgrounds are diboson, $t\bar{t}$ and $Z\mathrm{+jets}$
production. A neural network is used to improve the background rejection and
extract the signal. The resulting significance is $4.2\sigma$ in the data and
the expected significance is $5.4\sigma$. The measured cross-section for $tZq$
production is $600 \pm 170 \mathrm{(stat.)} \pm 140 \mathrm{(syst.)}
\mathrm{fb}$.Comment: 35 pages in total, author list starting page 19, 4 figures, 4 tables,
  submitted to Phys. Lett. B., All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2016-14
Geometrically designed, variable knot regression splines: variation diminish optimality of knots

A new method for Computer Aided Geometric Design of variable knot regression splines, named GeDS, has recently been introduced by Kaishev et al. (2006). The method utilizes the close geometric relationship between a spline regression function and its control polygon, with vertices whose y-coordinates are the regression coefficients and whose x-coordinates are certain averages of the knots, known as the Greville sites. The method involves two stages, A and B. In stage A, a linear LS spline fit to the data is constructed, and viewed as the initial position of the control polygon of a higher order (n > 2) smooth spline curve. In stage B, the optimal set of knots of this higher order spline curve is found, so that its control polygon is as close to the initial polygon of stage A as possible, and finally the LS estimates of the regression coefficients of this curve are found. In Kaishev et al. (2006) the implementation of stage A has been thoroughly addressed and the pointwise asymptotic properties of the GeD spline estimator have been explored and used to construct asymptotic confidence intervals.\ud
\ud
In this paper, the focus of the attention is at giving further insight into the optimality properties of the knots of the higher order spline curve, obtained in stage B so that it is nearly a variation diminishing (shape preserving) spline approximation to the linear fit of stage A. Error bounds for this approximation are derived. Extensive numerical examples are provided, illustrating the performance of GeDS and the quality of the resulting LS spline fits. The GeDS estimator is compared with other existing variable knot spline methods and smoothing techniques and is shown to perform very well, producing nearly optimal spline regression models. It is fast and numerically efficient, since no deterministic or stochastic knot insertion/deletion and relocation search strategies are involved
A Simple Accounting Framework for the Effect of Resource Misallocation on Aggregate Productivity

This paper develops a simple accounting framework that measures the effect of resource misallocation on aggregate productivity. This framework is based on a multi-sector general equilibrium model with sector-specific frictions in the form of taxes on sectoral factor inputs. Our framework
is flexible for the assumption on preferences or aggregate production functions. Moreover, this framework is consistent with that commonly used in productivity analysis. I apply this framework to measure the extent to which resource misallocation explains the difference in aggregate productivity across developed countries. I find that resource misallocation explains, on average, 17% of the difference in the measured aggregate productivity among developed countries. I also provide the methods to decompose the causes of the misallocation effect.
On the Link Between Fiscal Decentralization and Public Debt in OECD Countries

Excessive borrowing by subnational governments is considered to be one of the perils of fiscal decentralization. On the other hand, fiscal decentralization might ensure the scal stability of the public sector by constraining Leviathan governments. Since the impact of decentralized government on fiscal outcomes is therefore ambiguous from a theoretical perspective, we explore this question empirically with a panel of 17 OECD countries over the 1975-2001 period. Our findings suggest that expenditure decentralization signicantly reduces public indebtedness, whereas tax decentralization and vertical fiscal imbalances are insignicant.
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities

The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s law on the growth of cities, using data on the complete distribution of cities (without size restrictions) from three countries (the US, Spain and Italy) for the entire twentieth century. In order to achieve this, different techniques are used. First, panel data unit root tests tend to confirm the validity of Gibrat’s law in the upper-tail distribution. Second, when the entire distribution is considered using nonparametric methods, it is found that Gibrat’s law does not hold exactly in the long-term (in general, size affects the variance of the growth process but not its mean). Moreover, the lognormal distribution works well as a description of city size distributions across the whole century when no truncation point is considered.
Search for supersymmetry in events with at least three electrons or
  muons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at
  $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV

A search for new physics is carried out in events with at least three
electrons or muons in any combination, jets, and missing transverse momentum.
Results are based on the sample of proton-proton collision data produced by the
LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and collected by the CMS experiment in
2016. The data sample analyzed corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9
fb$^{-1}$. Events are classified according to the number of b jets, missing
transverse momentum, hadronic transverse momentum, and the invariant mass of
same-flavor dilepton pairs with opposite charge. No significant excess above
the expected standard model background is observed. Exclusion limits at 95%
confidence level are computed for four different supersymmetric simplified
models with pair production of gluinos or third-generation squarks. In the
model with gluino pair production, with subsequent decays into a top
quark-antiquark pair and a neutralino, gluinos with masses smaller than 1610
GeV are excluded for a massless lightest supersymmetric particle. In the case
of bottom squark pair production, the bottom squark masses are excluded up to
840 GeV for charginos lighter than 200 GeV. For a simplified model of heavy top
squark pair production, the $\mathrm{\widetilde{\text{t}}_2}$ mass is excluded
up to 720, 780, or 710 GeV for models with an exclusive
$\mathrm{\widetilde{\text{t}}_2}\rightarrow\mathrm{\widetilde{\text{t}}_1}\mathrm{H}$
decay, an exclusive
$\mathrm{\widetilde{\text{t}}_2}\rightarrow\mathrm{\widetilde{\text{t}}_1}\mathrm{Z}$
decay, or an equally probable mix of those two decays. In order to provide a
simplified version of the analysis for easier interpretation, a small set of
aggregate signal regions also has been defined, providing a compromise between
simplicity and analysis sensitivity.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary tables,
  can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-16-041/
  (CMS Public Pages
Stress concentrations around voids in three dimensions : The roots of failure

Funding This work forms part of a NERC New Investigator award for DH (NE/I001743/1), which is gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the reviewers, Elizabeth Ritz and Phillip Resor. Their reviews were very constructive, both helping to improve the manuscripts consistency and highlighting a number of errors in the initial submission. The authors would also like to thank Lydia Jagger's keen eye and patience, she helped greatly in removing a number of grammatical errors from the initial draft.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Search and foraging behaviors from movement data : a comparison of methods

his study was funded by NERC Standard Grant NE/H007466/1. AB is funded by the Irish Research Council (Project ID: GOIPG/2016/503). MJ is funded under Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI), The SFI Centre for Marine Renewable Energy Research (12/RC/2302), and EW is funded by the NERC (IRF NE/M017990/1).Search behavior is often used as a proxy for foraging effort within studies of animal movement, despite it being only one part of the foraging process, which also includes prey capture. While methods for validating prey capture exist, many studies rely solely on behavioral annotation of animal movement data to identify search and infer prey capture attempts. However, the degree to which search correlates with prey capture is largely untested. This study applied seven behavioral annotation methods to identify search behavior from GPS tracks of northern gannets (Morus bassanus), and compared outputs to the occurrence of dives recorded by simultaneously deployed time-depth recorders. We tested how behavioral annotation methods vary in their ability to identify search behavior leading to dive events. There was considerable variation in the number of dives occurring within search areas across methods. Hidden Markov models proved to be the most successful, with 81% of all dives occurring within areas identified as search. k-Means clustering and first passage time had the highest rates of dives occurring outside identified search behavior. First passage time and hidden Markov models had the lowest rates of false positives, identifying fewer search areas with no dives. All behavioral annotation methods had advantages and drawbacks in terms of the complexity of analysis and ability to reflect prey capture events while minimizing the number of false positives and false negatives. We used these results, with consideration of analytical difficulty, to provide advice on the most appropriate methods for use where prey capture behavior is not available. This study highlights a need to critically assess and carefully choose a behavioral annotation method suitable for the research question being addressed, or resulting species management frameworks established.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Revisiting leptogenesis in a SUSY SU(5)×T ' model of flavour

We investigate the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe within a SUSY SU(5)×T ' model of flavour, which gives rise to realistic masses and mixing patterns for quarks and leptons. The model employs the see-saw mechanism for generation of the light neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry is produced via leptogenesis. We perform detailed calculations of both the CP violating lepton asymmetries, originating from the decays of the heavy Majorana neutrinos operative in the see-saw mechanism, and of the efficiency factors which account for the lepton asymmetry wash-out processes in the Early Universe. The latter are calculated by solving numerically the system of Boltzmann equations describing the generation and the evolution of the lepton asymmetries. The baryon asymmetry in the model considered is proportional to the J CP factor, which determines the magnitude of CP violation effects in the oscillations of flavour neutrinos. The leptogenesis scale can be sufficiently low, allowing to avoid the potential gravitino problem. © 2012 Elsevier B.V
On Painlevé/gauge theory correspondence

We elucidate the relation between Painlev\'e equations and four-dimensional rank one N=2 theories by identifying the connection associated to Painlev\'e isomonodromic problems with the oper limit of the flat connection of the Hitchin system associated to gauge theories and by studying the corresponding renormalisation group flow. Based on this correspondence we provide long-distance expansions at various canonical rays for all Painlev\'e functions in terms of magnetic and dyonic Nekrasov partition functions for N=2 SQCD and Argyres-Douglas theories at self-dual Omega background ϵ1+ϵ2=0, or equivalently in terms of c=1 irregular conformal blocks
Exact Heisenberg operator solutions for multiparticle quantum mechanics

Exact Heisenberg operator solutions for independent “sinusoidal coordinates” as many as the degree of freedom are derived for typical exactly solvable multiparticle quantum mechanical systems, the Calogero systems [J. Math. Phys.12, 419 (1971)] based on any root system. These Heisenberg operator solutions also present the explicit forms of the annihilation-creation operators for various quanta in the interacting multiparticle systems. At the same time they can be interpreted as multivariable generalization of the three term recurrence relations for multivariable orthogonal polynomials constituting the eigenfunctions
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles with transverse momentum up to 100 GeV in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV

The Fourier coefficients v[2] and v[3] characterizing the anisotropy of the azimuthal distribution of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV are measured with data collected by the CMS experiment. The measurements cover a broad transverse momentum range, 1 &lt; pT &lt; 100 GeV. The analysis focuses on pT &gt; 10 GeV range, where anisotropic azimuthal distributions should reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. Results are presented in several bins of PbPb collision centrality, spanning the 60% most central events. The v[2] coefficient is measured with the scalar product and the multiparticle cumulant methods, which have different sensitivities to the initial-state fluctuations. The values of both methods remain positive up to pT of about 60-80 GeV, in all examined centrality classes. The v[3] coefficient, only measured with the scalar product method, tends to zero for pT greater than or equal to 20 GeV. Comparisons between theoretical calculations and data provide new constraints on the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in heavy ion collisions and highlight the importance of the initial-state fluctuations
Cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons by CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3

Differential, integral, and momentum transfer cross sections have been determined for the elastic scattering of electrons from the molecules CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3.With the help of a crossed electron beam–molecular beam apparatus using the relative flow technique, the ratios of the elastic differential cross sections (DCSs) of CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3 to those of He were measured in the energy region from 1.5 to 100 eV and at scattering angles in the range 15° to 130°. From those ratios, the absolute DCSs were determined by utilizing the known DCS of He. For CF3Cl and CF2Cl2, at the common energies of measurement, we find generally good agreement with the results from the independent experiments of Mann and Linder [J. Phys. B 25, 1621 (1992)10.1088/0953-4075/25/7/030; Mann and Linder J. Phys. B 25, 1633 (1992)10.1088/0953-4075/25/7/031]. In addition, as a result of progressively substituting a Cl-atom, undulations in the angular distributions have been found to vary in a largely systematic manner in going from CF4 to CF3Cl to CF2Cl2 to CFCl3 and to CCl4. These observed features suggest that the elastic scattering process is, in an independently additive manner, dominated by the atomic-Cl atoms of the molecules. The present independent atom method calculation typically supports the experimental evidence, within the screened additivity rule formulation, for each species and for energies greater than about 10–20 eV. Integral elastic and momentum transfer cross sections were also derived from the measured DCSs, and are compared to the other available theoretical and experimental results. The elastic integral cross sections are also evaluated as a part of their contribution to the total cross section
NLO QCD+EW predictions for 2$\ell$2v diboson signatures at the LHC

We present next-to-leading order (NLO) calculations including QCD and electroweak (EW) corrections for 2$\ell$2ν diboson signatures with two opposite-charge leptons and two neutrinos. Specifically, we study the processes $pp \to e^+\mu^-\nu_e\overline{\nu}_{\mu}$ and $pp \to e^+e^-\nu\overline{\nu}$, including all relevant off-shell diboson channels, $W^+W^-, ZZ, \gamma Z$, as well as non-resonant contributions. Photon-induced processes are computed at NLO EW, and we discuss subtle differences related to the definition and the renormalisation of the coupling α for processes with initial- and final-state photons. All calculations are performed within the automated Munich/Sherpa+OpenLoops frameworks, and we provide numerical predictions for the LHC at 13 TeV. The behaviour of the corrections is investigated with emphasis on the high-energy regime, where NLO EW effects can amount to tens of percent due to large Sudakov logarithms. The interplay between $W$ $W $and $ZZ$ contributions to the same-flavour channel, $pp \to e^+e^-\nu\overline{\nu}$, is discussed in detail, and a quantitative analysis of photon-induced contributions is presented. Finally, we consider approximations that account for all sources of large logarithms, at high and low energy, by combining virtual EW corrections with a YFS soft-photon resummation or a QED parton shower
Defects and Quantum Seiberg-Witten Geometry

We study the Nekrasov partition function of the five dimensional U(N) gauge theory with maximal supersymmetry on R^4 x S^1 in the presence of codimension two defects. The codimension two defects can be described either as monodromy defects, or by coupling to a certain class of three dimensional quiver gauge theories on R^2 x S^1. We explain how these computations are connected with both classical and quantum integrable systems. We check, as an expansion in the instanton number, that the aforementioned partition functions are eigenfunctions of an elliptic integrable many-body system, which quantizes the Seiberg-Witten geometry of the five-dimensional gauge theory.We study the Nekrasov partition function of the five dimensional U(N) gauge theory with maximal supersymmetry on R^4 x S^1 in the presence of codimension two defects. The codimension two defects can be described either as monodromy defects, or by coupling to a certain class of three dimensional quiver gauge theories on R^2 x S^1. We explain how these computations are connected with both classical and quantum integrable systems. We check, as an expansion in the instanton number, that the aforementioned partition functions are eigenfunctions of an elliptic integrable many-body system, which quantizes the Seiberg-Witten geometry of the five-dimensional gauge theory.13
Developing a thermal confort index for vegetated open space in cities of arid zones

The degree of thermal comfort that people experience in open spaces is one of the determinants for use, especially in areas with extreme climates. It has a wide range of indices in the international literature. However, the study of five indices (THI, PE, TS, PMV and COMFA) regarding subjective responses presented low percentages of predictive successes in the city of study, characterized by an arid climate and intense urban vegetation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a new thermal comfort index to predict more accurately the thermal sensation of the local residents. For this, there were campaigns monitoring of microclimatic parameters and field surveys about the real sensation of the people on a pedestrian street of Mendoza Metropolitan Area (MMA) in both winter and summer. The proposed new model is established through the correlation of environmental variables and individual subjective responses. The multivariate correlation is performed by linear regression. The theory of Akaike´s information is used as criterion to model selection. The new model IZA is a lineal relation of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation, generally all available weather variables. We found a high correlation between subjective responses and the new model. Besides the Pearson coefficient which gives the new index is higher than other traditional indices evaluated. The percentage of success of the new index exceeds 85%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. In conclusion, the use of IZA as a predictor of thermal comfort will allow a fair assessment of the effect of design and composition of space on your comfort conditions, without the need to carry out thermal perception surveys. This will facilitate the evaluation and decision-making regarding the thermal rehabilitation of open spaces.Fil: Ruiz, María Angélica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Correa Cantaloube, Erica Norma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentin