pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Understanding Terrorist Organizations with a Dynamic Model

Terrorist organizations change over time because of processes such as
recruitment and training as well as counter-terrorism (CT) measures, but the
effects of these processes are typically studied qualitatively and in
separation from each other. Seeking a more quantitative and integrated
understanding, we constructed a simple dynamic model where equations describe
how these processes change an organization's membership. Analysis of the model
yields a number of intuitive as well as novel findings. Most importantly it
becomes possible to predict whether counter-terrorism measures would be
sufficient to defeat the organization. Furthermore, we can prove in general
that an organization would collapse if its strength and its pool of foot
soldiers decline simultaneously. In contrast, a simultaneous decline in its
strength and its pool of leaders is often insufficient and short-termed. These
results and other like them demonstrate the great potential of dynamic models
for informing terrorism scholarship and counter-terrorism policy making.Comment: To appear as Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science v2:
  vectorized 4 figures, fixed two typos, more detailed bibliograph
The Contribution of Technology-Based Heritage\ud
Interpretation to the Visitor Satisfaction in Museums

The tradition of heritage interpretation is moving away from purely conservational and\ud
educational goals to an entertainment- and experience-oriented interpretative provision. New\ud
technologies are gaining prominence in museums to enhance visitors’ mindfulness, subsequent\ud
learning outcomes and satisfaction. Extant research literature reflects technology-based heritage\ud
interpretation; however, such studies implement predetermined outputs which have never been\ud
tested by the demand side. This paper seeks to assess technology-mediated heritage\ud
interpretation, merging both theory from the museums management and customer satisfaction\ud
literatures, and applying Importance-Performance Analysis. Results reveal that new technology\ud
does not represent a substitute for other interpretative applications. Its appropriate use in those\ud
museums with a traditional interpretative layout enhances displays´ multisensory provision and\ud
visitors´ perceived interactivity. The use of technology is more appreciated in traditional\ud
museums than in those with live interpretation
Evaluation of the performance of different global satellite navigation systems (GNSS) for Australian GNSS users

Satellite navigation has been available in the aviation and maritime worlds since GPS system was built in the 1970's and users were able to navigate anywhere in the world with unheard-of accuracy of less than a hundred meters. Since then other systems have emerged and a new term, Global Navigation Satellite System was born to generalise the concept.

Now that there are four different GNSS systems in a stage of development that includes satellites in orbit, it is prudent to ask the question: which GNSS system best suits the Australian user? This project took the task of finding information about all four GNSS systems that would enable an evaluation of performance of each system.

The project devised an evaluation framework for ranking the benefits and a methodology of assessing identified indicators of such suitability against that framework. As a result, differences were found, impacts of those differences were assessed and results tabulated in a matrix of ranking.

With limited resources and scope, the results can be seen as discussion enhancing rather than authoritative points of view and others may have other ideas of where the emphasis should lie.

The project report nevertheless covers a wide range of topics that would be included in any assessment into the needs of an Australian user.
Central insulin resistance as a trigger for sporadic Alzheimer-like pathology: an experimental approach

A growing body of evidence implicates impairments in brain insulin signaling in early sporadic Alzheimer disease (sAD) pathology. However, the most widely accepted hypothesis for AD aetiology stipulates that pathological aggregations of the amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide are the cause of all forms of Alzheimer's disease. Streptozotocin-intracerebroventricularly (STZ-icv) treated rats are proposed as a probable experimental model of sAD. The current work reviews evidence obtained from this model indicating that central STZ administration induces brain pathology and behavioural alterations resembling those in sAD patients. Recently, alterations of the brain insulin system resembling those in sAD have been found in the STZ-icv rat model and are associated with tau protein hyperphosphorylation and Abeta-like aggregations in meningeal vessels. In line with these findings the hypothesis has been proposed that insulin resistance in the brain might be the primary event which precedes the Abeta pathology in sAD
Enhancing Cultural Tourism e-Services through Heritage Interpretation

Cultural heritage is a main contributor to tourism development. These two activities heavily\ud
rely on the communication process for attracting visitors and to provide them with a\ud
satisfactory experience, which can be enhanced through effective heritage interpretation. This\ud
paper argues that there are opportunities for the application of e-Services in the delivery of\ud
heritage interpretation through the Internet – optimising results for the fulfilment of both\ud
marketing and interpretation purposes. This paper investigates visitor satisfaction with\ud
museums and explores the use of e-Services for both cultural attraction operators and\ud
destination managers over a two-stages empricical research. On one side, this study identifies\ud
the contribution of heritage interpretation practices to the overall visitor satisfaction in\ud
museums. On the other side, it evaluates the current integration of e-Services in cultural\ud
attractions and destination websites. The results are integrated and developed into practical\ud
industry implications both for cultural attractions and destination website developmet
Management of spontaneous dissection of the cervical carotid artery

This manuscript reviews the management of patients with spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery (sICAD). Recommendations are not based on controlled-randomized trials, but on case-control and observational, hospital-based studies, and case reports. Vascular risk factors seem to be as prevalent in patients with sICAD as in age-matched, healthy volunteers. Stroke prevention includes the treatment of vascular risk factors and the administration of oral aspirin, which may be as effective as anticoagulation. The few available data indicate that most patients with sICAD causing severe stenosis or occlusion, or an aneurysm can be treated conservatively. Patients with sICAD were not excluded in the intravenous controlled-randomized thrombolysis trials with tissue plasminogen activator, but were excluded in the intraarterial controlled-randomized thrombolysis trials. Taking the few published case series and reports on thrombolysis in patients with sICAD into consideration, intravenous thrombolysis may be beneficial, whereas it remains unclear whether intraarterial thrombolysis is useful
Simulation experiments for similarity indexes between two hierarchical clusterings

Morlini and Zani (2012) have proposed a new dissimilarity indexfor comparing two hierarchical clusterings on the basis of thewhole dendrograms. They have presented and discussed its basicproperties and have shown that the index can be decomposed intocontributions pertaining to each stage of the hierarchies. Then,they have obtained a similarity index $S$ as the complement to oneof the suggested distance and have shown that its singlecomponents $S_k$ obtained at each stage $k$ of the hierarchies canbe related to the measure $B_k$ suggested by Fowlkes \& Mallows(1983) and to the Rand index $R_k$. In this paper, we reportresults of a series of simulation experiments aimed at comparingthe behavior of these new indexes with other well-establishedsimilarity measures, over different experimental conditions. Thefirst set of simulations is aimed at determining the behavior ofthe indexes when the clusterings being compared are unrelated. Thesecond set tries to investigate the robustness to different levelsof nois
The QGP phase in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

The dynamics of partons, hadrons and strings in relativistic nucleus-nucleus
collisions is analyzed within the novel Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD)
transport approach, which is based on a dynamical quasiparticle model for
partons (DQPM) matched to reproduce recent lattice-QCD results - including the
partonic equation of state - in thermodynamic equilibrium. The transition from
partonic to hadronic degrees of freedom is described by covariant transition
rates for the fusion of quark-antiquark pairs or three quarks (antiquarks),
respectively, obeying flavor current-conservation, color neutrality as well as
energy-momentum conservation. The PHSD approach is applied to nucleus-nucleus
collisions from low SIS to RHIC energies. The traces of partonic interactions
are found in particular in the elliptic flow of hadrons as well as in their
transverse mass spectra.Comment: To be published by Springer in Proceedings of the International
  Symposium on `Exciting Physics', Makutsi-Range, South Africa, 13-20 November,
  201
Structure and Cooling of Neutron and Hybrid Stars

The study of neutron stars is a topic of central interest in the
investigation of the properties of strongly compressed hadronic matter. Whereas
in heavy-ion collisions the fireball, created in the collision zone, contains
very hot matter, with varying density depending on the beam energy, neutron
stars largely sample the region of cold and dense matter with the exception of
the very short time period of the existence of the proto-neutron star.
Therefore, neutron star physics, in addition to its general importance in
astrophysics, is a crucial complement to heavy-ion physics in the study of
strongly interacting matter. In the following, model approaches will be
introduced to calculate properties of neutron stars that incorporate baryons
and quarks. These approaches are also able to describe the state of matter over
a wide range of temperatures and densities, which is essential if one wants to
connect and correlate star observables and results from heavy-ion collisions.
The effect of exotic particles and quark cores on neutron star properties will
be considered. In addition to the gross properties of the stars like their
masses and radii their expected inner composition is quite sensitive to the
models used. The effect of the composition can be studied through the analysis
of the cooling curve of the star. In addition, we consider the effect of
rotation, as in this case the particle composition of the star can be modified
quite drastically.Comment: Proceedings of the Exciting Physics Symposium, Makutsi, South Africa
  (2011
General U(N) gauge transformations in the realm of covariant Hamiltonian
  field theory

A consistent, local coordinate formulation of covariant Hamiltonian field
theory is presented. While the covariant canonical field equations are
equivalent to the Euler-Lagrange field equations, the covariant canonical
transformation theory offers more general means for defining mappings that
preserve the action functional - and hence the form of the field equations -
than the usual Lagrangian description. Similar to the well-known canonical
transformation theory of point dynamics, the canonical transformation rules for
fields are derived from generating functions. As an interesting example, we
work out the generating function of type F_2 of a general local U(N) gauge
transformation and thus derive the most general form of a Hamiltonian density
that is form-invariant under local U(N) gauge transformations.Comment: 36 pages, Symposium on Exciting Physics: Quarks and gluons/atomic
  nuclei/biological systems/networks, Makutsi Safari Farm, South Africa, 13-20
  November 2011; Exciting Interdisciplinary Physics, Walter Greiner, Ed., FIAS
  Interdisciplinary Science Series, Springer International Publishing
  Switzerland, 201
Interpreting and Executing Recipes with a Cooking Robot

The creation of a robot chef represents a grand challenge for the field of robotics. Cooking is one of the most important activities that takes place in the home, and a robotic chef capable of following arbitrary recipes would have many applications in both household and industrial environments. The kitchen environment is a semi-structured proving ground for algorithms in robotics. It provides many computational challenges, such as accurately perceiving ingredients in cluttered environments, manipulating objects, and engaging in complex activities such as mixing and chopping. Keywords:
Reward Function; Statistical Machine Translation; Human Partner; Motion Primitive; Primitive Actio
Building Large Scale Traversability Maps Using Vehicle Experience

Traversability maps are a global spatial representation of the relative difficulty in driving through a local region. These maps support simple optimisation of robot paths and have been very popular in path planning techniques. Despite\ud
the popularity of these maps, the methods for generating global traversability maps have been limited to using a-priori information. This paper explores the construction\ud
of large scale traversability maps for a vehicle performing a repeated activity in a bounded working environment, such as a repeated delivery task.We evaluate the use\ud
of vehicle power consumption, longitudinal slip, lateral slip and vehicle orientation to classify the traversability and incorporate this into a map generated from sparse\ud
information
Wallis on Indivisibles

International audienceThe present chapter is devoted, first, to discuss in detail the structure and results of Wallis's major and most influential mathematical work, the Arithmetica Infinitorum ([51]). Next we will revise Wallis's views on indivisibles as articulated in his answer to Hobbes's criticism in the early 1670s. Finally, we will turn to his discussion of the proper way to understand the angle of contingence in the first half of the 1680s. As we shall see, there are marked differences in the status that indivisibles seem to enjoy in Wallis's thought along his mathematical career. These differences correlate with the changing context of 17th-century mathematics from the 1650s through the 1680s, but also respond to the different uses Wallis gave to indivisibles in different kinds of texts—purely mathematical, openly polemical, or devoted to philosophical discussion of foundational matters
Newton on Indivisibles

International audienceThough Wallis's Arithmetica infinitorum was one of Newton's major sources of inspiration during the first years of his mathematical education, indivisibles were not a central feature of his mathematical production. To judge from his reading notes, he firstly studied Wallis's treatise at the beginning of 1664 ([13], I, 1, 3, § § 1-2, pp. 89-95), and came back to it one year later ([13], I, 1, 3, § 3, pp. 96-121). In the former occasion, he confined himself to the first part of the treatise, and possibly accompanied his reading with that of the De sectionibus conicis and the De angulo contactus, also contained in Wallis's Operum Mathematicarum Pars Altera ([16] and [17]). At the beginning, his attention was retained by some general remarks, but very often shifted to the elaboration of an original, algebraic version of the method of indivisibles, which he applied to get both a correct quadrature of the parabola and an incorrect quadrature of the hyperbola. In the latter occasion, he rather focused on Wallis's quadrature of the circle—which he deeply transformed ([15], pp. 152-181)—whiteout any particular attention to indivisibles. Only the notes relative to the former reading deserve to be considered here. Section 1 is devoted to them. Sections 2 and 3 document the important but often implicit role indivisibles and infinitesimals play in Newton's mathematics and his reluctance to accept them. The differences between indivisibles and infinitesimals, and their roles in Newton's mathematics are difficult to grasp because Newton himself equivocated about them. As we shall see in sections 2 and 3, he used both indivisibles and infinitesimals (but infinitesimals, particularly) abundantly, but starting in 1671, he explicitly ascribed to them a subordinated status vis-` a-vis fluxions and " evanescent " quantities and ratios. This did not prevent him from using in the Principia some principles and arguments closely remembering the method of indivisibles. The end of section 3 and section 4 focus on some examples of this use. The latter is, in particular, devoted the proof of two theorems (propositions LXXI and LXXIV of Book I), where this use is quite manifest
Scaling properties in the adsorption of ionic polymeric surfactants on
  generic nanoparticles of metallic oxides by mesoscopic simulation

We study the scaling of adsorption isotherms of polyacrylic dispersants on
generic surfaces of metallic oxides $XnOm$ as a function of the number of
monomeric units, using Electrostatic Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations.
The simulations show how the scaling properties in these systems emerge and how
the isotherms rescale to a universal curve, reproducing reported experimental
results. The critical exponent for these systems is also obtained, in perfect
agreement with the scaling theory of deGennes. Some important applications are
mentioned.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
EL-Labelings and Canonical Spanning Trees for Subword Complexes

International audienceWe describe edge labelings of the increasing flip graph of a subword complex on a finite Coxeter group, and study applications thereof. On the one hand, we show that they provide canonical spanning trees of the facet-ridge graph of the subword complex, describe inductively these trees, and present their close relations to greedy facets. Searching these trees yields an efficient algorithm to generate all facets of the subword complex, which extends the greedy flip algorithm for pointed pseudotriangulations. On the other hand, when the increasing flip graph is a Hasse diagram, we show that the edge labeling is indeed an EL-labeling and derive further combinatorial properties of paths in the increasing flip graph. These results apply in particular to Cambrian lattices, in which case a similar EL-labeling was recently studied by M. Kallipoliti and H. Mühle
Non-holomorphic deformations of special geometry and their applications

The aim of these lecture notes is to give a pedagogical introduction to the
subject of non-holomorphic deformations of special geometry. This subject was
first introduced in the context of N=2 BPS black holes, but has a wider range
of applicability.
  A theorem is presented according to which an arbitrary point-particle
Lagrangian can be formulated in terms of a complex function F, whose features
are analogous to those of the holomorphic function of special geometry. A
crucial role is played by a symplectic vector that represents a
complexification of the canonical variables, i.e. the coordinates and canonical
momenta. We illustrate the characteristic features of the theorem in the
context of field theory models with duality invariances.
  The function F may depend on a number of external parameters that are not
subject to duality transformations. We introduce duality covariant complex
variables whose transformation rules under duality are independent of these
parameters. We express the real Hesse potential of N=2 supergravity in terms of
the new variables and expand it in powers of the external parameters. Then we
relate this expansion to the one encountered in topological string theory.
  These lecture notes include exercises which are meant as a guidance to the
reader.Comment: 50 page
Non-extremal black holes from the generalised r-map

We review the timelike dimensional reduction of a class of five-dimensional
theories that generalises 5D, N = 2 supergravity coupled to vector multiplets.
As an application we construct instanton solutions to the four-dimensional
Euclidean theory, and investigate the criteria for solutions to lift to static
non-extremal black holes in five dimensions.
  We focus specifically on two classes of models: STU-like models, and models
with a block diagonal target space metric. For STU-like models the second order
equations of motion of the four-dimensional theory can be solved explicitly,
and we obtain the general solution. For block diagonal models we find a
restricted class of solutions, where the number of independent scalar fields
depends on the number of blocks. When lifting these solutions to five
dimensions we show, by explicit calculation, that one obtains static
non-extremal black holes with scalar fields that take finite values on the
horizon only if the number of integration constants reduces by exactly half.Comment: 22 pages. Based on talk by OV at "Black Objects in Supergravity
  School" (BOSS2011), INFN, Frascati, Italy, 9-13 May, 201
Black hole microstate geometries from string amplitudes

In this talk we review recent calculations of the asymptotic supergravity
fields sourced by bound states of D1 and D5-branes carrying travelling waves.
We compute disk one-point functions for the massless closed string fields. At
large distances from the branes, the effective open string coupling is small,
even in the regime of parameters where the classical D1-D5-P black hole may be
considered. The fields sourced by the branes differ from the black hole
solution by various multipole moments, and have led to the construction of a
new 1/8-BPS ansatz in type IIB supergravity.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of the Black
  Objects in Supergravity School, Frascati, 201
Estimating and quantifying uncertainties on level sets using the Vorob'ev expectation and deviation with Gaussian process models

International audienceSeveral methods based on Kriging have been recently proposed for calculating a probability of failure involving costly-to-evaluate functions. A closely related problem is to estimate the set of inputs leading to a response exceeding a given threshold. Now, estimating such level set - and not solely its volume - and quantifying uncertainties on it are not straightforward. Here we use notions from random set theory to obtain an estimate of the level set, together with a quantification of estimation uncertainty. We give explicit formulae in the Gaussian process set-up, and provide a consistency result. We then illustrate how space-filling versus adaptive design strategies may sequentially reduce level set estimation uncertainty
Extended optimality criteria for optimum design in nonlinear regression

International audienceAmong the major difficulties that one may encounter when estimating parameters in a nonlinear regression model are the non-uniqueness of the estimator, its instability with respect to small perturbations of the observations and the presence of local optimizers of the estimation criterion. We show that these estimability issues can be taken into account at the design stage, through the definition of suitable design criteria. Extensions of E, c and G-optimality criteria will be considered, which, when evaluated at a given $\theta_0$ (local optimal design), account for the behavior of the model response $\eta(\theta)$) for $\theta$ far from $\theta_0$. In particular, they ensure some protection against close-to-overlapping situations where $\|\eta(\theta)-\eta(\theta_0)\|$ is small for some $\theta$ far from $\theta_0$. These extended criteria are concave, their directional derivative can be computed and necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality (Equivalence Theorems) can be formulated. They are not differentiable, but a relaxation based on maximum-entropy regularization is proposed to obtain concave and differentiable alternatives. When the design space is finite and the set of admissible $\theta$ is discretized, their optimization forms a linear programming problem