pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Real-time quantitative analysis of volatile products generated during solid-state polypropylene thermal oxidation

Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during PP thermal oxidation under three
oxygen partial pressures (0%, 21% and 100% of atmospheric pressure) at 140  C was performed by proton transfer reaction coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Six main VOCs were identified: acetone, acetic acid, 2,4-
pentanedione, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and methyl acrolein. Their formation was
shown to obey two main reaction pathways, both involving methyne units as driving
oxidation sites: (i) the widely accepted chain scission mechanism of tertiary alkoxy radicals, which generates primary radicals undergoing secondary reactions leading to the oxidation of methylene units; (ii) the chain scission mechanism occurring on tertiary alkyl radical, which is proposed here as a realistic path leading to methyl acrolein. The relative proportions of the six main VOCs depend on the oxygen partial pressure, which mostly impacts the oxidation of methylene units rather than the competition between the two previous paths
A web spatial decision support system for vehicle routing using Google Maps

This article presents a user-friendly web-based Spatial Decision Support System (wSDSS) aimed at
generating optimized vehicle routes for multiple vehicle routing problems that involve serving the
demand located along arcs of a transportation network. The wSDSS incorporates Google Maps™
(cartography and network data), a database, a heuristic and an ant-colony meta-heuristic developed by
the authors to generate routes and detailed individual vehicle route maps. It accommodates realistic
system specifics, such as vehicle capacity and shift time constraints, as well as network constraints
such as one-way streets and prohibited turns. The wSDSS can be used for “what-if” analysis related to
possible changes to input parameters such as vehicle capacity, maximum driving shift time, seasonal
variations of demand, network modifications, imposed arc orientations, etc. Since just a web browser
is needed, it can be easily adapted to be widely used in many real-world situations. The system was
tested for urban trash collection in Coimbra, Portugal
One dimensional exciton luminescence induced by extended defects in nonpolar (Al,Ga)N/GaN quantum wells

In this study, we present the optical properties of nonpolar GaN/(Al,Ga)N single quantum wells (QWs) grown on either a- or m-plane GaN templates for Al contents set below 15%. In order to reduce the density of extended defects, the templates have been processed using the epitaxial lateral overgrowth technique. As expected for polarization-free heterostructures, the larger the QW width for a given Al content, the narrower the QW emission line. In structures with an Al content set to 5 or 10%, we also observe emission from excitons bound to the intersection of I1-type basal plane stacking faults (BSFs) with the QW. Similarly to what is seen in bulk material, the temperature dependence of BSF-bound QW exciton luminescence reveals intra-BSF localization. A qualitative model evidences the large spatial extension of the wavefunction of these BSF-bound QW excitons, making them extremely sensitive to potential fluctuations located in and away from BSF. Finally, polarization-dependent measurements show a strong emission anisotropy for BSF-bound QW excitons, which is related to their one-dimensional character and that confirms that the intersection between a BSF and a GaN/(Al,Ga)N QW can be described as a quantum wire
Survivability analysis of tape-tether against two concurring impacts with debris

It has recently been shown that a thin-tape tether, as opposite to a round one, has a high probability of survival to single impacts by space debris, under a broad range of de-orbit operation conditions. The purpose of the present work is to extend that analysis to survival to multiple impacts by smaller, but more abundant, debris. The method used here consist, essentially, in separating the particles into “large” and “small” ones. The large ones are so rare that the probability of them concurring on the same spot can be neglected. The small ones are a sort of background, and it is shown that the probability of them impinging close enough to a large particle crater to cause malfunction of the tape is negligible. A particular mission is considered, de-orbiting a 3000 kg spacecraft from 800 km altitude at 90°90° inclination by means of an aluminium tape of dimensions 10,000 m × 0.06 m × (5 × 10−5) m. It is shown that the probability that this mission survives to multiple impacts is at least 0.978. The application of this method to missions of different parameters is also discus
Physiological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN)

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but systemic effects on fish and possible metabolic costs have not yet been investigated. In order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carpwas conducted. The fish were fed ZEN-contaminated diets at three concentrations (low: 332 μg kg−1, medium: 621 μg kg−1, and high: 797 μg kg−1 final feed, respectively) for four weeks. Possible reversible effects of ZEN were evaluated by feeding an additional group with the mycotoxin for four weeks period and the  uncontaminated diet for further two weeks. After that possible ZEN effects on enzyme activities in kidney, spleen, liver and muscle tissue were investigated to get an organism-wide aspect of ZEN effects.Most organs appeared to (over)compensate ZEN effects during the exposure to this mycotoxin,which causedmetabolic costs. Oxygen consumption increased in fish treated with the two higher ZEN concentrations via the diet. The differences between the treatments persisted also after the recovery phase of two weeks. Thus, the present study provided evidence of effects of ZEN on carbohydrate metabolism, lipid peroxidation in organs and metabolic oxygen demand. This is the first evidence for increased metabolic costs in a fish species due to exposure to the mycotoxin ZEN
A cardinal dissensus measure based on the Mahalanobis distance

Producción CientíficaIn this paper we address the problem of measuring the degree of consensus/dissensus in a context where experts or agents express their opinions on alternatives or issues by means of cardinal evaluations. To this end we propose a new class of distance-based consensus model, the family of the Mahalanobis dissensus measures for profiles of cardinal values. We set forth some meaningful properties of the Mahalanobis dissensus measures. Finally, an application over a real empirical example is presented and discussed.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad  (Project CGL2008-06003-C03-03/CLI)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO2012-32178)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO2012-31933
Origin of the hydrogen involved in iron corrosion under irradiation

ACE, Submitted to Surface and Coating TechnologyInternational audienceIn the perspective of long term geological storage, high level nuclear wastes will be overpacked in low carbon steel containers. In that context, we have studied the influence of oxygen dissolved in water on iron corrosion. Therefore, leaching experiments were performed in desaerated D$_2$O and in aerated H$_2$O and a kinetic study of iron corrosion under proton irradiation was lead in aqueous media with two different dissolved oxygen concentrations. The leaching experiments underline the major role of dissolved oxygen in oxydoreduction reactions which take place as far as iron is in contact with water. But the kinetic study of iron corrosion under irradiation put in evidence the balance between the oxydoreduction reactions and the corrosion rate induced by radicals species generated by water radiolysis. In addition, to check if, in the atomic % concentration range, hydrogen diffuse from the air/Fe interface through the foil an irradiation experiment was performed in argon. It proved that no hydrogen permeation occurs at a concentration level of the atomic percent
Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for suicidal behavior: A systematic review of associations at the individual and at the population level

-To provide an updated review of the magnitude of the relationship between alcohol use and suicidal behaviour at the individual and the population level. 
Systematic literature searches retrieved 14 reviews of individual level studies and 16 primary population level studies. Results: Alcohol abuse and alcohol intoxication are often present in suicidal behaviour; risk of suicide is elevated in alcohol abusers and increasing population drinking tends to be associated with increase in suicide rates. Estimated magnitude of the relationship differs for men and women and it varies at the population level across cultures with different drinking pattern. These variations probably reflect gender differences and cultural variation in drinking behaviour generally. 
Empirical evidence for a causal relationship is still urgently needed
Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Abstract: Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7,500–3,500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up
The proteomic profile of a mouse model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) develops as a complication of retinal detachment surgery and represents a devastating condition leading to serious vision loss. A good animal model that permits extensive functional studies and drug testing is crucial in finding better therapeutic modalities for PVR. A previously established mouse model, using dispase injection, was analyzed from the proteomic point of view, examining global protein profile changes by 2D electrophoresis, image analysis and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry-based protein identification. The easy applicability of the mouse model was used to study the role of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in PVR formation by proteomic examination of dispase-induced TG2 knockout vitreous samples. Our data demonstrate that, despite the altered appearance of crystallin proteins, the lack of TG2 did not prevent the development of PVR
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates the transcription of nuclear factor kappa B and induces the expression of nitric oxide synthase in a skin dendritic cell line

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by skin dendritic cells and keratinocytes plays an important role in skin physiology, growth and remodelling. Nitric oxide is also involved in skin inflammatory processes and in modulating antigen presentation (either enhancing or suppressing it). In this study, we found that GM-CSF stimulates the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a fetal-skin-derived dendritic cell line (FSDC) and, consequently, increases the nitrite production from 11.9 ± 3.2 03BCmol/L (basal level) to 26.9 ± 4.2 03BCmol/L. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibits nitrite production, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 19.3 03BCmol/L and the iNOS protein expression in FSDC. In addition, western blot assays revealed that exposure of FSDC to GM-CSF induces the phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-03BAB (IkB), with subsequent translocation of the p50, p52 and RelB subunits of the transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-03BAB) from the cytosol to the nucleus. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that FSDC exposure to GM-CSF activates the transcription factor NF-03BAB. Together, these results show that GM-CSF induces iNOS expression in skin dendritic cells by a mechanism involving activation of the NF-03BAB pathway.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1711.2001.01041.
Flexible Multibody Systems Models Using Composite Materials Components

The use of a multibody methodology to describe the large motion of complex systems that experience structural deformations enables to represent the complete system motion, the relative kinematics between the components involved, the deformation of the structural members and the inertia coupling between the large rigid body motion and the system elastodynamics. In this work, the flexible multibody dynamics formulations of complex models are extended to include elastic components made of composite materials, which may be laminated and anisotropic. The deformation of any structural member must be elastic and linear, when described in a coordinate frame fixed to one or more material points of its domain, regardless of the complexity of its geometry. To achieve the proposed flexible multibody formulation, a finite element model for each flexible body is used. For the beam composite material elements, the sections properties are found using an asymptotic procedure that involves a two-dimensional finite element analysis of their cross-section. The equations of motion of the flexible multibody system are solved using an augmented Lagrangian formulation and the accelerations and velocities are integrated in time using a multi-step multi-order integration algorithm based on the Gear method.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-004-0911-
A globally convergent primal-dual interior-point filter method for nonlinear programming

In this paper, the filter technique of Fletcher and Leyffer (1997) is used to globalize the primal-dual interior-point algorithm for nonlinear programming, avoiding the use of merit functions and the updating of penalty parameters. The new algorithm decomposes the primal-dual step obtained from the perturbed first-order necessary conditions into a normal and a tangential step, whose sizes are controlled by a trust-region type parameter. Each entry in the filter is a pair of coordinates: one resulting from feasibility and centrality, and associated with the normal step; the other resulting from optimality (complementarity and duality), and related with the tangential step. Global convergence to first-order critical points is proved for the new primal-dual interior-point filter algorithm.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-003-0477-
Population structure, dynamics and production of Hydrobia ulvae (Pennant) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) along an eutrophication gradient in the Mondego estuary (Portugal)

Eutrophication in the Mondego estuary gave rise to qualitative changes in the benthic community, involving the replacement of
eelgrass, Zostera noltii, by green algae such as Enteromorpha spp. and Ulva sp. It seems reasonable to assume that, through time, such changes
may determine a selected new trophic structure. Hydrobia ulvae, a dominant species in terms of abundance and biomass, was studied with regard
to life history, population dynamics and productivity in relation to changing environmental conditions along the eutrophication gradient. The
purpose was to examine to what extent this species may adapt to the new emergent conditions. During the study period, H. ulvae population
exhibited both temporal and spatial density variations. The settlement pattern did not change along the eutrophication gradient, and took place
in March, June, July and September. However, the population was denser in the less eutrophied areas, corresponding to Z. noltii meadows, when
compared to the eutrophied ones, where Enteromorpha spp. blooms are usually observed. Growth was continuous through life but growth rates
were higher during spring, decreased from early summer to mid fall and practically ceased during winter, and then gradually increased again
up to spring. Life span was estimated as 21 ± 3 months. Growth productivity (P) was estimated as 93.7 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the Z. noltii
meadows, 15.2 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the eutrophied area, and 30.3 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the strongly eutrophied area. Elimination
productivity (E) was estimated as 30.0 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the Z. noltii meadows, 51.8 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the eutrophied area, and
97.5 g AFDW⋅m–2⋅year–1 in the strongly eutrophied area. The average annual biomass (B) (standing stock) of the population was estimated as
                                                                                         √
70.2 g AFDW⋅m–2 in the Z. noltii meadows, 5.5 g AFDW⋅m–2 in the eutrophied area, and 7.4 g AFDW⋅m–2 in the strongly eutrophied area.
   √         √
P/B and E/B ratios were estimated as 1.3 and 4.8 in the Z. noltii meadows, 2.8 and 9.5 in the eutrophied area, and 4.5 and 13.2 in the strongly
                                                                                                                               √        √
eutrophied area, respectively. As a pattern, the standing stock decreased as a function of increasing eutrophication, while P/B and E/B ratios
increased following the same gradient. There is evidence that H. ulvae population structure and annual production are seriously affected by
eutrophication, namely by macroalgal bloom dynamics. Moreover, results suggest that H. ulvae might be suffering a change in its adaptive
strategy along the eutrophication gradient, becoming closer to a typical ‘r’ strategist in the strongly eutrophied areashttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00137-
Computations in Large N Matrix Mechanics

The algebraic formulation of Large N matrix mechanics recently developed by
Halpern and Schwartz leads to a practical method of numerical computation for
both action and Hamiltonian problems. The new technique posits a boundary
condition on the planar connected parts X_w, namely that they should decrease
rapidly with increasing order. This leads to algebraic/variational schemes of
computation which show remarkably rapid convergence in numerical tests on some
many- matrix models. The method allows the calculation of all moments of the
ground state, in a sequence of approximations, and excited states can be
determined as well. There are two unexpected findings: a large d expansion and
a new selection rule for certain types of interaction.Comment: 27 page
Cluster size distribution of cancer cells in blood using stopped-flow centrifugation along scale-matched gaps of a radially inclined rail

There is increasing evidence that, in addition to their presence, the propensity of circulating tumour cells to form multi-cellular clusters bears significant information about both cellular resistance to chemotherapy and overall prognosis. We present a novel two-stage, stopped-flow, continuous centrifugal sedimentation strategy to measure the size distributions of events (defined here as cells or clusters thereof) in a blood sample. After off-chip removal of red blood cells, healthy white blood cells are sequestered by negative-immunocapture. The purified events are then resolved along a radially inclined rail featuring a series of gaps with increasing width, each connected to a designated outer collection bin. The isolation of candidate events independent of target-specific epitopes is successfully demonstrated for HL60 (EpCAM positive) and sk-mel28 (EpCAM negative) cells using identical protocols and reagents. The propensity to form clusters was quantified for a number of cell lines, showing a negligible, moderate or elevated tendency towards cluster formation. We show that the occupancy distribution of the collection bins closely correlates with the range of cluster sizes intrinsic to the specific cell line
Geometry of 6D RG flows

We study renormalization group flows between six-dimensional superconformal field theories (SCFTs) using their geometric realizations as singular limits of F-theory compactified on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds. There are two general types of flows: one corresponds to giving expectation values to scalars in the tensor multiplets (tensor branch flow) realized as resolving the base of the geometry. The other corresponds to giving expectation values to hypermultiplets (Higgs branch flow) realized as complex structure deformations of the geometry. To corroborate this physical picture we calculate the change in the anomaly polynomial for these theories, finding strong evidence for a flow from a UV fixed point to an IR fixed point. Moreover, we find evidence against non-trivial dualities for 6D SCFTs. In addition we find non-trivial RG flows for theories realizing small E 8 instantons on ALE spaces
Fluctuating hydrodynamic modelling of fluids at the nanoscale

A good representation of mesoscopic fluids is required to combine with molecular simulations at larger length and time scales (De Fabritiis {\it et. al}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134501 (2006)). However, accurate computational models of the hydrodynamics of nanoscale molecular assemblies are lacking, at least in part because of the stochastic character of the underlying fluctuating hydrodynamic equations. Here we derive a finite volume discretization of the compressible isothermal fluctuating hydrodynamic equations over a regular grid in the Eulerian reference system. We apply it to fluids such as argon at arbitrary densities and water under ambient conditions. To that end, molecular dynamics simulations are used to derive the required fluid properties. The equilibrium state of the model is shown to be thermodynamically consistent and correctly reproduces linear hydrodynamics including relaxation of sound and shear modes. We also consider non-equilibrium states involving diffusion and convection in cavities with no-slip boundary conditions
Astrophysical roles for giant resonances in exotic nuclei

PTHAn overview of the role of giant resonances in three different astrophysical schemes is given. These studies are possible thanks to the recent advent of microscopic QRPA models based on a single energy functional including pairing effects. First the existence of collective modes in the inner crust of neutron stars is discussed. Second, the dipole strength being a major component of the nuclear statistical (de-)excitation mechanism, it is crucial to predict the E1 strength on several hundreds of neutron-rich nuclei involved in the r-process, which can occur from a decompression of the neutron star crust. Finally a description for the propagation of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), from an extra-Galactic source towards the Earth, is necessary in order to solve the mystery of their composition. UHECR may be composed of protons and nuclei lighter than Iron