pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The difference in angular distributions between top quarks and antiquarks, commonly referred to as the charge asymmetry, is measured in pp collisions at the LHC with the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.09 fb[superscript −1] at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. Top-quark pairs are selected in the final state with an electron or muon and four or more jets. At least one jet is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The charge asymmetry is measured in two variables, one based on the pseudorapidities (η) of the top quarks and the other on their rapidities (y). The results A[η over C] = −0.017 ± 0.032 (stat.)[+0.025 over −0.036] (syst.) and A[y over C] = −0.013 ± 0.028 (stat.)[+0.029 over −0.031] (syst.) are consistent within uncertainties with the standard-model predictions.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Functional Properties of Dendritic Gap Junctions in Cerebellar Golgi Cells.

The strength and variability of electrical synaptic connections between GABAergic interneurons are key determinants of spike synchrony within neuronal networks. However, little is known about how electrical coupling strength is determined due to the inaccessibility of gap junctions on the dendritic tree. We investigated the properties of gap junctions in cerebellar interneurons by combining paired somato-somatic and somato-dendritic recordings, anatomical reconstructions, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and modeling. By fitting detailed compartmental models of Golgi cells to their somato-dendritic voltage responses,  we determined their passive electrical properties and the mean gap junction conductance (0.9 nS). Connexin36 immunofluorescence and freeze-fracture replica immunogold labeling revealed a large variability in gap junction size and that only 18% of the 340 channels are open in each plaque. Our results establish that  the number of gap junctions per connection is the main determinant of both the strength and variability in electrical coupling between Golgi cells
The presence of a high-Km hexokinase activity in dog, but not in boar, sperm.

The presence of a high-Km hexokinase activity was tested in both dog and boar spermatozoa. Hexokinase kinetics from dog extracts showed the presence of a specific activity (dog-sperm glucokinase-like protein, DSGLP), in the range of glucose concentrations of 4–10 mM, whereas boar sperm did not show any DSGLP activity. Furthermore, dog-sperm cells, but not those of boar, showed the presence of a protein which specifically reacted against a rat-liver anti-glucokinase antibody. This protein also had a molecular weight equal to that observed in rat-liver extracts, suggesting a close similarity between both the proteins. This glucokinase-like protein was distributed in the peri- and post-acrosomal zones of the head, and the midpiece and principal piece of tail of dog spermatozoa. These results indicate that dog spermatozoa have functional high-Km hexokinase activity, which could contribute to a very fine regulation of their hexose metabolism. This strict regulation could ultimately be very important in optimizing dog-sperm function along its life-time
Search for contact interactions in dilepton events from pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a search for contact interactions in the dielectron and dimuon channels using data from proton-proton collisions produced by the LHC at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The data sample, collected in 2011, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.08 and 1.21 fb^-1 in the e+ e- and mu+ mu- channels, respectively. No significant deviations from the standard model are observed. Using a Bayesian approach with a prior flat in 1/Lambda^2, the following 95% CL lower limits are placed on the energy scale of llqq contact interactions: Lambda^- > 10.1 TeV (Lambda^+ > 9.4 TeV) in the electron channel and Lambda^- > 8.0 TeV (Lambda^+ > 7.0 TeV) in the muon channel for constructive (destructive) interference in the left-left isoscalar contact interaction model. Limits are also provided for a prior flat in 1/Lambda^4
T2-relaxometry predicts outcome of DBS in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION\ud
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) nowadays is a well-established treatment of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a common target for DBS, because motor improvements have been shown to be superior to best medical therapy, if DBS electrodes have been appropriately positioned. DBS target identification can be assisted by MRI beyond structural imaging by spatially resolved measurement of T2-relaxation times (T2r).\ud
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AIM\ud
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We pose the question, whether T2r of the STN is linked to the severity of the disease and whether outcome of DBS may be correlated to an asymmetric manifestation of the disease. Further, we investigated if abnormal T2r in the STN may be predictive for outcome of DBS.\ud
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METHODS\ud
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Twelve patients underwent preoperative MR imaging including a multi echo relaxometry sequence (3 Tesla, Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) ahead of DBS. T2r were determined for STN, substantia nigra (SN), red nucleus (RN) and centrum semiovale (CSO). Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores were tested before and after DBS. Patients' T2r and deduced values representing left-right asymmetry of measurements were correlated with UPDRS scores and measures for outcome of DBS. Furthermore, patients' T2r were compared with T2r measurements in 12 healthy controls (HC).\ud
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RESULTS\ud
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Patients' T2r for SN (mean 45.4 ms ± 4.4 ms) and STN (mean 56.4 ms ± 3.8 ms) were significantly shorter than T2r in HCs for SN (mean 60.7 ± 4.6) and STN (mean 66.1 ms ± 4.0 ms). While no mean T2r asymmetry was found in the SN, patients' mean T2r for STN showed a weakened left-right correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.19 versus 0.72 in HC) indicating asymmetric degeneration. T2r asymmetry was not linked to the more severely affected hemisphere. The respective lower T2r within the left or right target region was significantly correlated to the outcome in terms of UPDRS III improvement in "off" state (Pearson correlation 0.82 corresponding to p ≪ 0.01). Patients with T2r of STN lower than 50 ms showed no response to DBS in the UPDRS. The maximum T2r for SN correlated to the improvement between UPDRS "off" minus and "on" (Dopamine response) but failed to predict DBS outcome.\ud
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CONCLUSIONS\ud
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The lower boundaries of T2r in the STN predict motor outcome in DBS. T2r asymmetry in the STN is not associated with increased clinical symptoms, but with response to therapy. Thus, patients with very low T2r may be inappropriate candidates for DBS
Trading new neurons for status : adult hippocampal neurogenesis in eusocial Damaraland mole-rats

Diversity in social structures, from solitary to
eusocial, is a prominent feature of subterranean African
mole-rat species. Damaraland mole-rats are eusocial, they
live in colonies that are characterized by a reproductive division
of labor and a subdivision into castes based on physiology
and behavior. Damaraland mole-rats are exceptionally
long lived and reproductive animals show delayed aging
compared to non-reproductive animals. In the present
study, we described the hippocampal architecture and the
rate of hippocampal neurogenesis of wild-derived, adult
Damaraland mole-rats in relation to sex, relative age and
social status or caste. Overall, Damaraland mole-rats were
found to have a small hippocampus and low rates of neurogenesis.
We found no correlation between neurogenesis
and sex or relative age. Social status or caste was the most
prominent modulator of neurogenesis. An inverse relationship
between neurogenesis and social status was apparent,
with queens displaying the lowest neurogenesis while the
worker mole-rats had the most. As there is no natural progression
from one caste to another, social status within a
colony was relatively stable and is reflected in the level of
neurogenesis. Our results correspond to those found in
the naked mole-rat, and may reflect an evolutionary and
environmentally conserved trait within social mole-rat species.Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), number 31003A_141244/1. Research Career Award (RCA), number 91456 Research Development Programme grant from the University of Pretoria.http://www.journals.elsevier.com/neuroscience/2017-06-30hb2016Zoology and Entomolog
Probability boxes on totally preordered spaces for multivariate modelling

AbstractA pair of lower and upper cumulative distribution functions, also called probability box or p-box, is among the most popular models used in imprecise probability theory. They arise naturally in expert elicitation, for instance in cases where bounds are specified on the quantiles of a random variable, or when quantiles are specified only at a finite number of points. Many practical and formal results concerning p-boxes already exist in the literature. In this paper, we provide new efficient tools to construct multivariate p-boxes and develop algorithms to draw inferences from them. For this purpose, we formalise and extend the theory of p-boxes using Walley’s behavioural theory of imprecise probabilities, and heavily rely on its notion of natural extension and existing results about independence modeling. In particular, we allow p-boxes to be defined on arbitrary totally preordered spaces, hence thereby also admitting multivariate p-boxes via probability bounds over any collection of nested sets. We focus on the cases of independence (using the factorization property), and of unknown dependence (using the Fréchet bounds), and we show that our approach extends the probabilistic arithmetic of Williamson and Downs. Two design problems—a damped oscillator, and a river dike—demonstrate the practical feasibility of our results
Cretaceous mantle exhumation in the central Pyrenees: New constraints from the peridotites in eastern Ariège (North Pyrenean zone, France)

AbstractWe provide new constraints on the modes of mantle exhumation and denudation in the pre-orogenic Pyrenees by investigating the poorly known peridotites located east of the Lherz body, in eastern Ariège (Vicdessos, Urs, Bestiac, Caussou and Prades main peridotitic bodies). We show that: (1) numerous peridotite bodies, not described so far, are constituted by decametric to sub-metric outcrops scattered between and around the main outcrops identified by Monchoux (1970); (2) most of the peridotites form blocks and lenses of various sizes, from millimetric monocrystalline grains to hectometric olistoliths, embedded in debris flows involving mainly Mesozoic metasediments; these peridotites can therefore be linked to the S-type peridotites of Lagabrielle et al. (2010), and share similarities with the peridotites of Lherz region (Clerc et al., 2012). All originated from tectono-sedimentary processes associated with mantle exhumation in relation with extreme thinning and breakoff of the continental basement; (3) the various petrographic characters of these peridotites and their heterogeneity in serpentinisation degree imply a peculiar mode of exhumation, which merges mantle fragments inherited from different structural levels; (4) the lack of tectonic structures such as faults and shear planes associated with the ultramafic-rich breccia formation and the presence of neoformation of metamorphic minerals within the matrix preclude their origin as cataclasites related to the Latest Cretaceous and Tertiary Pyrenean contractional deformation. The peridotites of eastern Ariège are indisputable witnesses of the presence of an inverted hyper-extended Cretaceous passive margin forming the current North Pyrenean zone. The geometry of the extensional system was complex and probably associated with strike-slip faults and transcurrent motion
Modeling and Analysis of Wireless “Charge While Driving” Operations for Fully Electric Vehicles

AbstractThis study presents a method for analysing the traffic and electric performance of wireless Charge While Driving (CWD) systems for two types of electric vehicle: a light-van for freight distribution and a city car. After performing a preliminary design of the CWD system, a simplified traffic simulation, including an energy assessment for vehicles, is presented to test the design settings, such as the travelling speed on CWD and the percentage of equipped lanes.The speed range explored refers to quite low values because the design layout of the EVSE should be a compromise between the need to minimize the installation and maintenance costs and users’ acceptance of the time required to obtain a proper recharge.The choice of the traffic modelling approach derives from the specific requirements of the CWD system defined in the eCo-FEV project, which may be assumed as having been installed along a low speed lane of a motorway. The simplified traffic model simulates the vehicles time series along the road, introducing their energy needs as an influencing factor of drivers’ behaviour. The simulated scenarios involve electric light-vans travelling along a 5-km highway that have the opportunity to charge in motion if their State of Charge (SOC) is under an established threshold
Groups and Lie algebras corresponding to the Yang–Baxter equations

AbstractFor a positive integer n we introduce quadratic Lie algebras trn, qtrn and finitely discrete groups Trn, QTrn naturally associated with the classical and quantum Yang–Baxter equation, respectively.We prove that the universal enveloping algebras of the Lie algebras trn, qtrn are Koszul, and compute their Hilbert series. We also compute the cohomology rings for these Lie algebras (which by Koszulity are the quadratic duals of the enveloping algebras). Finally, we construct a basis of U(trn).We construct cell complexes which are classifying spaces of the groups Trn and QTrn, and show that the boundary maps in them are zero, which allows us to compute the integral cohomology of these groups.We show that the Lie algebras trn, qtrn map onto the associated graded algebras of the Malcev Lie algebras of the groups Trn, QTrn, respectively. In the case of Trn, we use quantization theory of Lie bialgebras to show that this map is actually an isomorphism. At the same time, we show that the groups Trn and QTrn are not formal for n⩾4
Absence of hepatitis delta infection in a large rural HIV cohort in Tanzania

SummaryObjectivesThe epidemiological and clinical determinants of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa are ill-defined. The prevalence of HDV infection was determined in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected individuals in rural Tanzania.MethodsAll HBV-infected adults under active follow-up in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies. For positive samples, a second serological test and nucleic acid amplification were performed. Demographic and clinical characteristics at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared between anti-HDV-negative and -positive patients.ResultsAmong 222 HIV/HBV co-infected patients on ART, 219 (98.6%) had a stored serum sample available and were included in the study. Median age was 37 years, 55% were female, 46% had World Health Organization stage III/IV HIV disease, and the median CD4 count was 179 cells/μl. The prevalence of anti-HDV positivity was 5.0% (95% confidence interval 2.8–8.9%). There was no significant predictor of anti-HDV positivity. HDV could not be amplified in any of the anti-HDV-positive patients and the second serological test was negative in all of them.ConclusionsNo confirmed case of HDV infection was found among over 200 HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Tanzania. As false-positive serology results are common, screening results should be confirmed with a second test
SU(2)X vector DM and Galactic Center gamma-ray excess

AbstractAn unbroken Z3 symmetry remains when a local SU(2)X symmetry is broken spontaneously by a quadruplet. The gauge boson χμ(χ¯μ) carries the dark charge and is the candidate of dark matter (DM). Due to the mixture of the scalar boson ϕr of the quadruplet and the standard model (SM) Higgs boson, the DM can annihilate into SM particles through the Higgs portal. To investigate the implications of the vector DM in the model, we study the relic density of DM, the direct detection of the DM-nucleon scattering and the excess of the gamma-ray spectrum from the Galactic Center, which is supported by the data from the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. We find that with the DM mass of around 70 GeV in our model, the data for the excess of the gamma-ray could be fitted well
Dynamic Transmission of Protein Allostery without Structural Change: Spatial Pathways or Global Modes?

AbstractWe examine the contrast between mechanisms for allosteric signaling that involve structural change, and those that do not, from the perspective of allosteric pathways. In particular we treat in detail the case of fluctuation-allostery by which amplitude modulation of the thermal fluctuations of the elastic normal modes conveys the allosteric signal, and address the question of what an allosteric pathway means in this case. We find that a perturbation theory of thermal elastic solids and nonperturbative approach (by super-coarse-graining elasticity into internal bending modes) have opposite signatures in their structure of correlated pathways. We illustrate the effect from analysis of previous results from GlxR of Corynebacterium glutamicum, an example of the CRP/FNR transcription family of allosteric homodimers. We find that the visibility of both correlated pathways and disconnected sites of correlated motion in this protein suggests that mechanisms of local elastic stretch and bend are recruited for the purpose of creating and controlling allosteric cooperativity
Bacillus licheniformis Anti-TRAP can assemble into two types of dodecameric particles with the same symmetry but inverted orientation of trimers

AbstractAnti-TRAP (AT) protein regulates expression of tryptophan biosynthetic genes by binding to the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) and preventing its interaction with RNA. Bacillus subtilis AT forms trimers that can either interact with TRAP or can further assemble into dodecameric particles. To determine which oligomeric forms are preserved in AT proteins of other Bacilli we studied Bacillus licheniformis AT which shares 66% sequence identity with the B. subtilis protein. We show that in solution B. licheniformis AT forms stable trimers. In crystals, depending on pH, such trimers assemble into two different types of dodecameric particles, both having 23 point group symmetry. The dodecamer formed at pH 6.0 has the same conformation as previously observed for B. subtilis AT. This dodecamer contains a large internal chamber with the volume of ∼700Å3, which is lined by the side chains of twelve valine residues. The presence of the hydrophobic chamber hints at the possibility that the dodecamer formation could be induced by binding of a ligand. Interestingly, in the dodecamer formed at pH 8.0 all trimers are turned inside out relatively to the form observed at pH 6.0
Minimal R+R2 supergravity models of inflation coupled to matter

AbstractThe supersymmetric extension of “Starobinsky” R+αR2 models of inflation is particularly simple in the “new minimal” formalism of supergravity, where the inflaton has no scalar superpartners. This paper is devoted to matter couplings in such supergravity models. We show how in the new minimal formalism matter coupling presents certain features absent in other formalisms. In particular, for the large class of matter couplings considered in this paper, matter must possess an R-symmetry, which is gauged by the vector field which becomes dynamical in the “new minimal” completion of the R+αR2 theory. Thus, in the dual formulation of the theory, where the gauge vector is part of a massive vector multiplet, the inflaton is the superpartner of the massive vector of a nonlinearly realized R-symmetry. The F-term potential of this theory is of no-scale type, while the inflaton potential is given by the D-term of the gauged R-symmetry. The absolute minimum of the potential is always exactly supersymmetric, so in this class of models if realistic vacua exist, they must be always metastable. We also briefly comment on possible generalizations of the examples discussed here and we exhibit some features of higher-curvature supergravity coupled to matter in the “old minimal” formalism
Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics in Tanzanian Children with Sickle Cell Disease

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is a common inherited hemoglobinopathy. Adults with SCD manifest both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, though the age of onset of dysfunction has not been defined. Left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics have not been studied in children with SCD. The aim of this study was to investigate whether cardiac rotational mechanics differed between children with SCD and age-matched controls.MethodsBasal and apical LV short-axis images were acquired prospectively in 213 patients with SCD (mean age, 14.1 ± 2.6 years) and 49 controls (mean age, 13.3 ± 2.8 years) from the Muhimbili Sickle Cohort in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The magnitude of basal and apical rotation, net twist angle, torsion, and untwist rate were obtained by two-dimensional speckle-tracking. The timing of events was normalized to aortic valve closure.ResultsMean basal rotation was significantly lower in patients with SCD compared with controls (P = .012), although no difference was observed in apical rotation (P = .37). No statistically significant differences in torsion or net twist angle were detected. Rotation rate at the apex (P = .001) and base (P = .0004) were significantly slower in subjects with SCD compared with controls. Mean peak untwisting rate was also significantly slower in patients with SCD (P = .006). No associations were found between hemoglobin concentration and apical rotation, basal rotation, net twist, and torsion.ConclusionThis study demonstrates alterations in LV rotational mechanics in children with SCD, including lower basal rotation, peak differential twist, and untwist rate. These abnormalities denote subclinical changes in LV systolic and diastolic performance in children with SCD. Future work may reveal an association between rotational metrics and long-term patient outcomes
Nuclear transparencies in relativistic A(e,e′p) models

AbstractRelativistic and unfactorized calculations for the nuclear transparency extracted from exclusive A(e,e′p) reactions for 0.3⩽Q2⩽10 (GeV/c)2 are presented for the target nuclei C, Si, Fe and Pb. For Q2⩾0.6 (GeV/c)2, the transparency results are computed within the framework of the recently developed relativistic multiple-scattering Glauber approximation (RMSGA). The target-mass and Q2 dependence of the RMSGA predictions are compared with relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation (RDWIA) calculations. Despite the very different model assumptions underlying the treatment of the final-state interactions in the RMSGA and RDWIA frameworks, they predict comparable nuclear transparencies for kinematic regimes where both models are applicable
N⁎ decays to Nω from new data on γp→ωp

AbstractData on the reaction γp→ωp with ω→π0γ, taken with unpolarized or polarized beams in combination with an unpolarized or polarized proton-target, were analyzed within the Bonn–Gatchina (BnGa) partial wave analysis. Differential cross sections, several spin density matrix elements, the beam asymmetry Σ, the normalized helicity difference E, and the correlation G between linear photon and longitudinal target polarization were included in a large data base on pion and photo-induced reactions. The data on ω photoproduction are used to determine twelve N⁎→Nω branching ratios; most of these are determined for the first time