pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A CFH12k lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters II : weak lensing analysis and global correlations.

Aims:\ud
We present a wide-field multi-color survey of a homogeneous sample of eleven clusters of galaxies for which we measure total masses and mass distributions from weak lensing. This sample, spanning a small range in both X-ray luminosity and redshift, is ideally suited to determining the normalisation of scaling relations between X-ray properties of clusters and their masses (the M-TX and the M-LX relations) and also estimating the scatter in these relations at a fixed luminosity. \ud
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Methods: \ud
The eleven clusters in our sample are all X-ray luminous and span a narrow redshift range at z = 0.21 ± 0.04. The weak lensing analysis of the sample is based on ground-based wide-field imaging obtained with the CFH12k camera on CFHT. We use the methodology developed and applied previously on the massive cluster Abell 1689. A Bayesian method, implemented in the Im2shape software, is used to fit the shape parameters of the faint background galaxies and to correct for PSF smearing. A multi-color selection of the background galaxies is applied to retrieve the weak lensing signal, resulting in a background density of sources of ~10 galaxies per square arc minute. With the present data, shear profiles are measured in all clusters out to at least 2 Mpc (more than 15´ from the center) with high confidence. The radial shear profiles are fitted with different parametric mass profiles and the virial mass M200 is estimated for each cluster and then compared to other physical properties. \ud
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Results: \ud
Scaling relations between mass and optical luminosity indicate an increase of the M/L ratio with luminosity (M/L ∝ L0.8) and a LX-M200 relation scaling as LX ∝ M2000.83 ± 0.11 while the normalization of the M200 ∝ TX3/2 relation is close to the one expected from hydrodynamical simulations of cluster formation as well as previous X-ray analyses. We suggest that the dispersion in the M200-TX and M200-LX relations reflects the different merging and dynamical histories for clusters of similar X-ray luminosities and intrinsic variations in their measured masses. Improved statistics of clusters over a wider mass range are required for a better control of the intrinsic scatter in scaling relations
Regional specificity of MRI contrast parameter changes in normal ageing revealed by voxel-based quantification (VBQ).

Normal ageing is associated with characteristic changes in brain microstructure. Although in vivo neuroimaging captures spatial and temporal patterns of age-related changes of anatomy at the macroscopic scale, our knowledge of the underlying (patho)physiological processes at cellular and molecular levels is still limited. The aim of this study is to explore brain tissue properties in normal ageing using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alongside conventional morphological assessment. Using a whole-brain approach in a cohort of 26 adults, aged 18-85years, we performed voxel-based morphometric (VBM) analysis and voxel-based quantification (VBQ) of diffusion tensor, magnetization transfer (MT), R1, and R2* relaxation parameters. We found age-related reductions in cortical and subcortical grey matter volume paralleled by changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), MT and R2*. The latter were regionally specific depending on their differential sensitivity to microscopic tissue properties. VBQ of white matter revealed distinct anatomical patterns of age-related change in microstructure. Widespread and profound reduction in MT contrasted with local FA decreases paralleled by MD increases. R1 reductions and R2* increases were observed to a smaller extent in overlapping occipito-parietal white matter regions. We interpret our findings, based on current biophysical models, as a fingerprint of age-dependent brain atrophy and underlying microstructural changes in myelin, iron deposits and water. The VBQ approach we present allows for systematic unbiased exploration of the interaction between imaging parameters and extends current methods for detection of neurodegenerative processes in the brain. The demonstrated parameter-specific distribution patterns offer insights into age-related brain structure changes in vivo and provide essential baseline data for studying disease against a background of healthy ageing
Soft computing for crisis management and political decision making: the use of genetically evolved fuzzy cognitive maps

This paper examines the use of fuzzy cognitive
maps (FCMs) as a technique for modeling political and
strategic issues situations and supporting the decisionmaking process in view of an imminent crisis. Its object domain is soft computing using as its basic elements
different methods from the areas of fuzzy logic, cognitive
maps, neural networks and genetic algorithms. FCMs,
more specifically, use notions borrowed from artificial
intelligence and combine characteristics of both fuzzy
logic and neural networks, in the form of dynamic
models that describe a given political setting. The present
work proposes the use of the genetically evolved
certainty neuron fuzzy cognitive map (GECNFCM) as
an extension of certainty neuron fuzzy cognitive maps
(CNFCMs) aiming at overcoming the main weaknesses
of the latter, namely the recalculation of the weights
corresponding to each concept every time a new strategy
is adopted. This novel technique combines CNFCMs
with genetic algorithms (GAs), the advantage of which
lies with their ability to offer the optimal solution
without a problem-solving strategy, once the requirements
are defined. Using a multiple scenario analysis we
demonstrate the value of such a hybrid technique in the
context of a model that reflects the political and strategic
complexity of the Cyprus issue, as well as the uncertainties
involved in it. The issue has been treated on a
purely technical level, with distances carefully kept
concerning all sides involved in it.
p21 both attenuates and drives senescence and aging in BubR1 progeroid mice.

Contains fulltext :
                  118007.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BubR1 insufficiency occurs with natural aging and induces progeroid phenotypes in both mice and children with mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome. In response to BubR1 insufficiency, skeletal muscle, fat, and lens tissue engage p19(Arf) to attenuate senescence and age-related deterioration. Here, we address how p19(Arf) exerts this caretaker role using BubR1 progeroid mice lacking p53 or its transcriptional target p21. We show that p53 delays functional decline of skeletal muscle and fat in a p21-dependent fashion by inhibiting p16(Ink4a)-mediated senescence of progenitor cells. Strikingly, p53 also attenuates the formation of cataractous lenses, but here its antiaging effect is p21 independent, as we found p21 to promote senescence of lens epithelial cells and cataract formation. Together, these results demonstrate that p53 counteracts tissue destruction in response to BubR1 insufficiency through diverse mechanisms and uncover a causal link between senescence of the progenitor cell compartment and age-related dysfunction
Technological progress and economic growth: evidence from Poland

In this paper the results of testing the causal interdependence between technological progress and GDP in Poland are presented. The results obtained for quarterly data from the period Q1 2000 – Q4 2009 indicate causality running from technological progress to GDP in Poland. In addition, causality from number of patents to employment and from employment to R&D outlays is found, which indicates causality from patents to R&D expenditure. The robustness of these results is also approved.
The empirical findings of this paper imply some policy recommendations. Polish government and private firms should definitely increase investment in developing new technologies.
Predictive regularity representations in deviance detection and auditory stream segregation: from conceptual to computational models

Predictive accounts of perception have received increasing attention in the past twenty years. Detecting violations of auditory regularities, as reflected by the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) auditory event-related potential, is amongst the phenomena seamlessly fitting this approach. Largely based on the MMN literature, we propose a psychological conceptual framework called the Auditory Event Representation System (AERS), which is based on the assumption that auditory regularity violation detection and the formation of auditory perceptual objects are based on the same predictive regularity representations. Based on this notion, a computational model of auditory stream segregation, called CHAINS, has been developed. In CHAINS, the auditory sensory event representation of each incoming sound is considered for being the continuation of likely combinations of the preceding sounds in the sequence, thus providing alternative interpretations of the auditory input. Detecting repeating patterns allows predicting upcoming sound events, thus providing a test and potential support for the corresponding interpretation. Alternative interpretations continuously compete for perceptual dominance. In this paper, we briefly describe AERS and deduce some general constraints from this conceptual model. We then go on to illustrate how these constraints are computationally specified in CHAINS
Cohen-Macaulayness and computation of Newton graded toric rings

Let $H$ be a positive semigroup in $\mathbb{Z}^d$ generated by $A$, and let
$K[H]$ be the associated semigroup ring over a field $K$. We investigate
heredity of the Cohen-Macaulay property from $K[H]$ to both its $A$-Newton
graded ring and to its face rings. We show by example that neither one inherits
in general the Cohen-Macaulay property. On the positive side we show that for
every $H$ there exist generating sets $A$ for which the Newton graduation
preserves Cohen-Macaulayness. This gives an elementary proof for an important
vanishing result on $A$-hypergeometric Euler-Koszul homology. As a tool for our
investigations we develop an algorithm to compute algorithmically the Newton
filtration on a toric ring.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Modification of jet shapes in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV

The first measurement of jet shapes, defined as the fractional transverse momentum radial distribution, for inclusive jets produced in heavy-ion collisions is presented. Data samples of PbPb and pp collisions, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 150 inverse microbarns and 5.3 inverse picobarns respectively, were collected at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with a distance parameter R = 0.3, and the jet shapes are measured for charged particles with transverse momentum pt > 1 GeV. The jet shapes measured in PbPb collisions in different collision centralities are compared to reference distributions based on the pp data. A centrality-dependent modification of the jet shapes is observed in the more central PbPb collisions, indicating a redistribution of the energy inside the jet cone. This measurement provides information about the parton shower mechanism in the hot and dense medium produced in heavy-ion collisions
On the Low-lying zeros of Hasse-Weil L-functions for Elliptic Curves

In this paper, we obtain an unconditional density theorem concerning the
low-lying zeros of Hasse-Weil L-functions for a family of elliptic curves. From
this together with the Riemann hypothesis for these L-functions, we infer the
majorant of 27/14 (which is strictly less than 2) for the average rank of the
elliptic curves in the family under consideration. This upper bound for the
average rank enables us to deduce that, under the same assumption, a positive
proportion of elliptic curves have algebraic ranks equaling their analytic
ranks and finite Tate-Shafarevic group. Statements of this flavor were known
previously under the additional assumptions of GRH for Dirichlet L-functions
and symmetric square L-functions which are removed in the present paper.Comment: 23 pages. The majorant of the average analytic rank of all elliptic
  curves have been improved to 27/14 instead of the 241/122 in the previous
  version of the paper. To appear in Adv. Mat
Social capital and learning advantages : a problem of absorptive capacity.

Theoretically, social capital allows entrepreneurial firms to capitalize on learning advantages of newness and gain access to knowledge as the foundation for improved performance. But this understates its complexity. We consider whether learning through social capital relationships has a direct effect on performance and whether absorptive capacity mediates and moderates this relationship. We find that network-based learning has no direct relationship with performance, but this is mediated in each instance by absorptive capacity and is moderated twice. Our findings challenge the learning advantages of newness thesis and reveal how absorptive capacity can enable business performance from a firm's network relationships
The two faces of age identity

As people grow older they develop a sense of a dual age identity, referring to their age group and generation (Weiss & Lang, 2009). Two studies (N₁ = 37, 60–85 years and N₂ = 104, 65–88 years of age) compared and contrasted older adults’ cognitive representations of two types of age cohort groups (age group vs. generation). Analyses reveal that age-group identity was more frequently associated with loss and decline, whereas generation identity was more frequently associated with positive characteristics and increased levels of agency. Findings also show that generation identity may—especially in later adulthood—serve as a means to compensate for loss. The self-protective function of the dual age identity and the dynamic and flexible nature of identification are further discussed
Constraints on the multi-TeV particle population in the Coma Galaxy
  Cluster with H.E.S.S. observations

The H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) telescopes observed Coma for
~8hr in a search for gamma-ray emission at energies >1TeV. The large 3.5deg
FWHM field of view of H.E.S.S. is ideal for viewing a range of targets at
various sizes including the Coma cluster core, the radio-relic (1253+275) and
merger/infall (NGC 4839) regions to the southwest, and features greater than
deg away. No evidence for point-like nor extended TeV gamma-ray emission was
found and upper limits to the TeV flux F(E) for E>1, >5, and >10TeV were set
for the Coma core and other regions. Converting these limits to an energy flux
E^2F(E) the lowest or most constraining is the E>5TeV upper limit for the Coma
core (0.2deg radius) at ~8Crab flux units or ~10^{-13}ph cm^{-2} s^{-1}. The
upper limits for the Coma core were compared with a prediction for the
gamma-ray emission from proton--proton interactions, the level of which
ultimately scales with the mass of the Coma cluster. A direct constraint using
our most stringent limit for E>5 TeV, on the total energy content in
non-thermal protons with injection energy spectrum proportional to E^{-2.1} and
spatial distribution following the thermal gas in the cluster, is found to be
~0.2 times the thermal energy, or ~10^{62}erg. The E>5 TeV gamma-ray threshold
in this case corresponds to cosmic-ray proton energies >50TeV. Our upper limits
rule out the most optimistic theoretical models for gamma ray emission from
clusters and complement radio observations which constrain the cosmic ray
content in clusters at significantly lower proton energies, subject to
assumptions on the magnetic field strength.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Exclusive processes in electron - ion collisions

The exclusive processes in electron-ion ($eA$) interactions are an important
tool to investigate the QCD dynamics at high energies as they are in general
driven by the gluon content of the target, which is strongly subject to parton
saturation effects. In this paper we compute the cross sections for the
exclusive vector meson production as well as the deeply virtual Compton
scattering (DVCS) relying on the color dipole approach and considering the
numerical solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation including running
coupling corrections (rcBK). The production cross sections obtained with the
rcBK solution and bCGC parametrization are very similar, the former being
slightly larger.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Subleading corrections to the V_ub determination from exclusive B decays

It has been proposed to determine the CKM matrix element |V_ub| in a
model-independent way from a combination of rare and semileptonic B and D
decays near the zero recoil point. An essential ingredient in such a
determination is a heavy quark symmetry relation connecting the form-factors
appearing in B -> K* e+e- to semileptonic form factors relevant for B -> rho
e\nu. We estimate the leading corrections to this symmetry relation, of order
\alpha_s(m_b) and \Lambda/m_b, pointing out that they can be as large as 20%,
depending on the value of the matrix element of a dimension-4 operator.
Dimensional analysis estimates of this matrix element give a corresponding
uncertainty in |V_ub| of the order of a few percent.Comment: 8 page
N=1 Supersymmetric Non-Abelian Compensator Mechanism for Extra Vector
  Multiplet

We present a variant formulation of N=1 supersymmetric compensator mechanism
for an arbitrary non-Abelian group in four dimensions. This formulation
resembles our previous variant supersymmetric compensator mechanism in 4D. Our
field content consists of the three multiplets: (i) A Non-Abelian Yang-Mills
multiplet (A_\mu^I, \lambda^I, C_{\mu\nu\rho}^I), (ii) a tensor multiplet
(B_{\mu\nu}^I, \chi^I, \varphi^I) and an extra vector multiplet (K_\mu^I,
\rho^I, C_{\mu\nu\rho}^I) with the index I for the adjoint representation of a
non-Abelian gauge group. The C_{\mu\nu\rho}^I is originally an auxiliary field
dual to the conventional auxiliary field D^I for the extra vector multiplet.
The vector K_\mu^I and the tensor C_{\mu\nu\rho}^I get massive, after absorbing
respectively the scalar \varphi^I and the tensor B_{\mu\nu}^I. The superpartner
fermion \rho^I acquires a Dirac mass shared with \chi^I. We fix all non-trivial
cubic interactions in the total lagrangian, all quadratic terms in
supersymmetry transformations, and all quadratic interactions in field
equations. The action invariance and the super-covariance of all field
equations are confirmed up to the corresponding orders.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Superfield theories on $S^3$ and their localization

We consider the superfield formulation of supersymmetric gauge and matter
field theories on a three-dimensional sphere with rigid ${\cal N}=2$
supersymmetry, as well as with ${\cal N}> 2$. The construction is based on a
supercoset $SU(2|1)/U(1)$ containing $S^3$ as the bosonic subspace. We derive
an explicit form of $SU(2|1)/U(1)$ supervielbein and covariant derivatives, and
use them to construct classical superfield actions for gauge and matter
supermultiplets in this superbackground. We then apply superfield methods for
computing one-loop partition functions of these theories and demonstrate how
the localization technique works directly in the superspace.Comment: 1+64 pages; v2: Section 4.2 and a reference are adde
Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for top-quark pair production with
  up to two jets merged with a parton shower

We present differential cross sections for the production of top-quark pairs
in conjunction with up to two jets, computed at next-to leading order in
perturbative QCD and consistently merged with a parton shower in the
Sherpa+OpenLoops framework. Top quark decays including spin correlation effects
are taken into account at leading order accuracy. The calculation yields a
unified description of top-pair plus multi-jet production, and detailed results
are presented for various key observables at the Large Hadron Collider. A large
improvement with respect to the multi-jet merging approach at leading order is
found for the total transverse energy spectrum, which plays a prominent role in
searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 6 pages, 1 table, 3 figures. Comments on merging scale choice added.
  Distributions in the kT jet resolution variables added. Decomposition into
  individual jet multiplicities added. Comments on the uncertainty associated
  with the 3rd jet emission added. Reduced statistical uncertainties. Accepted
  for publication in Phys. Lett.
Motion of the Plasma Critical Layer During Relativistic-electron Laser
  Interaction with Immobile and Comoving Ion Plasma for Ion Acceleration

We analyze the motion of the plasma critical layer by two different processes
in the relativistic-electron laser-plasma interaction regime ($a_0>1$). The
differences are highlighted when the critical layer ions are stationary in
contrast to when they move with it. Controlling the speed of the plasma
critical layer in this regime is essential for creating low-$\beta$ traveling
acceleration structures of sufficient laser-excited potential for laser ion
accelerators (LIA). In Relativistically Induced Transparency Acceleration
(RITA) scheme the heavy plasma-ions are fixed and only trace-density light-ions
are accelerated. The relativistic critical layer and the acceleration structure
move longitudinally forward by laser inducing transparency through apparent
relativistic increase in electron mass. In the Radiation Pressure Acceleration
(RPA) scheme the whole plasma is longitudinally pushed forward under the action
of the laser radiation pressure, possible only when plasma ions co-propagate
with the laser front. In RPA the acceleration structure velocity critically
depends upon plasma-ion mass in addition to the laser intensity and plasma
density. In RITA, mass of the heavy immobile plasma-ions does not affect the
speed of the critical layer. Inertia of the bared immobile ions in RITA excites
the charge separation potential whereas RPA is not possible when ions are
stationary.Comment: Invited paper (submitted), Division of Plasma Physics, American
  Physical Society, Nov 2013, Denver, C
Natural Inflation with Natural Trans-Planckian Axion Decay Constant from
  Anomalous $U(1)_X$

We propose a natural inflation model driven by an imaginary or axionic
component of a K\"ahler modulus in string-inspired supergravity. The shift
symmetry of the axion is gauged under an anomalous $U(1)_X$ symmetry, which
leads to a modulus-dependent Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term. The matter fields are
stabilized by F-terms, and the real component of the modulus is stabilized by
the $U(1)_X$ D-term, while its axion remains light. Therefore, the masses of
real and imaginary components of the modulus are separated at different scales.
The scalar potential for natural inflation is realized by the superpotential
from the non-perturbative effects. The trans-Planckian axion decay constant,
which is needed to fit with BICEP2 observations, can be obtained naturally in
this model.Comment: 14 pages, no figure, references added, version published in JHE