pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced forward transfer of liquids: Study of the droplet ejection process

Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) is a laser direct-write technique that offers the possibility of printing patterns with a high spatial resolution from a wide range of materials in a solid or liquid state, such as conductors, dielectrics, and biomolecules in solution. This versatility has made LIFT a very promising alternative to lithography-based processes for the rapid prototyping of biomolecule microarrays. Here, we study the transfer process through the LIFT of droplets of a solution suitable for microarray preparation. The laser pulse energy and beam size were systematically varied, and the effect on the transferred droplets was evaluated. Controlled transfers in which the deposited droplets displayed optimal features could be obtained by varying these parameters. In addition, the transferred droplet volume displayed a linear dependence on the laser pulse energy. This dependence allowed determining a threshold energy density value, independent of the laser focusing conditions, which acted as necessary conditions for the transfer to occur. The corresponding sufficient condition was given by a different total energy threshold for each laser beam dimension. The threshold energy density was found to be the dimensional parameter that determined the amount of the transferred liquid per laser pulse, and there was no substantial loss of material due to liquid vaporization during the transfer
pySecDec : a toolbox for the numerical evaluation of multi-scale integrals.

We present pySecDec, a new version of the program SecDec, which performs the factorization of dimensionally regulated poles in parametric integrals, and the subsequent numerical evaluation of the finite coefficients. The algebraic part of the program is now written in the form of python modules, which allow a very flexible usage. The optimization of the C++ code, generated using FORM, is improved, leading to a faster numerical convergence. The new version also creates a library of the integrand functions, such that it can be linked to user-specific codes for the evaluation of matrix elements in a way similar to analytic integral libraries
Optical spectroscopy of the candidate luminous white dwarf in the young Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 1818

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.03123.xAn optical spectrum of the Elson et al. (1998) candidate luminous white dwarf in the young LMC cluster NGC1818 shows conclusively that it is not a degenerate star. A model atmosphere fit gives Teff 31,500K and log g 4.4, typical of a garden-variety main sequence B star. However, if it is a true LMC member then the star is underluminous by almost three magnitudes. Its position in the cluster colour-magnitude diagram also rules out the possibility that this is an ordinary B star. The luminosity is, however, consistent with a ~0.5M??? post-AGB or post-EHB object, although if it has evolved via single star evolution from a high mass (7.6???9.0M???) progenitor then we might expect it to have a much higher mass, ~0.9M???. Alternatively, it has evolved in a close binary. In this case the object offers no implications for the maximum mass for white dwarf progenitors, or the initial-final mass relation. Finally, we suggest that it could in fact be an evolved member of the LMC disk, and merely projected by chance onto NGC1818. Spectroscopically, though, we cannot distinguish between these evolutionary states without higher resolution (echelle) data
Binaries discovered by the SPY project IV. Five single-lined DA double white dwarfs

Original article can be found at: http://www.aanda.org/--Copyright The European Southern Observatory (ESO) DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20053174We present results from our ongoing follow-up observations of double white dwarf binaries detected in the ESO SN Ia Progenitor SurveY (SPY). We discuss our observing strategy and data analysis and present the orbital solutions of five close double white dwarf binaries: HE0320???1917, HE1511???0448, WD0326???273, WD1013???010 and WD1210+140. Their periods range from 0.44 to 3.22 days. In none of these systems we find any spectral lines originating from the companion. This rules out main sequence companions and indicates that the companion white dwarfs are significantly older and cooler than the bright component. Infrared photometry suggests the presence of a cool, helium-rich white dwarf companion in the binary WD0326???273. We briefly discuss the consequences of our findings for our understanding of the formation and evolution of double white dwarfs
The Transit Light-curve Project. Xiv. Confirmation of Anomalous Radii for the Exoplanets TrES-4b, HAT-P-3b, and WASP-12b

We present transit photometry of three exoplanets, TrES-4b, HAT-P-3b, and WASP-12b, allowing for refined estimates of the systems' parameters. TrES-4b and WASP-12b were confirmed to be "bloated" planets, with radii of 1.706 ± 0.056R [subscript Jup] and 1.736 ± 0.092R [subscript Jup] , respectively. These planets are too large to be explained with standard models of gas giant planets. In contrast, HAT-P-3b has a radius of 0.827 ± 0.055R [subscript Jup], smaller than a pure hydrogen-helium planet and indicative of a highly metal-enriched composition. Analyses of the transit timings revealed no significant departures from strict periodicity. For TrES-4, our relatively recent observations allow for improvement in the orbital ephemerides, which is useful for planning future observations.Author manuscript: 31 Mar 2011United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Origins Program (Award NNX09AB33G
The Variscan gabbros from the Spanish Central System: A case for crustal recycling in\ud
the sub-continental lithospheric mantle?

The gabbroic intrusions that crop out along the Spanish Central System (SCS) are geochemically\ud
heterogeneous, including primitive and evolved rocks. Differentiation is mainly related to fractionation of\ud
Cr-spinel and olivine, but mixing with coeval granitic magmas or crustal assimilation may have also played a\ud
role in the evolution of the most differentiated rocks. The most primitive uncontaminated gabbros show arclike\ud
trace element chondrite and primitive-mantle normalised patterns, characterised by large ion lithophile\ud
elements (LILE)-light rare earth elements (LREE) enrichment, Sr and Pb positive and Nb–Ta–Ti negative\ud
anomalies. However, paleogeographic constraints suggest that the SCS was located far from subduction\ud
zones, so these geochemical signatures could be better explained by a recycling of continental crustal\ud
components within the mantle. The most primitive SCS gabbros expand the Sr–Nd isotopic compositional\ud
range of the Variscan basic magmatism in the Central Iberian Zone to more depleted values. This reflects a\ud
heterogeneous sub-continental lithospheric mantle under central Spain ranging from a depleted mantle\ud
(εNd=+3.1, 87Sr/86Sr=0.704) towards an isotopically enriched component (εNd=−1.6, 87Sr/\ud
86Sr=0.706). Geochemical modelling suggests that mantle enrichment could be explained by minor lower\ud
crustal metapelitic granulite contamination (~2%). Additionally, the Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic ratios of the most\ud
primitive gabbros match the composition of the European subcontinental lithospheric mantle recorded in\ud
ultramafic xenoliths from western and central Europe
Infinitely many shape invariant potentials and cubic identities of the
  Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials

We provide analytic proofs for the shape invariance of the recently
discovered (Odake and Sasaki, Phys. Lett. B679 (2009) 414-417) two families of
infinitely many exactly solvable one-dimensional quantum mechanical potentials.
These potentials are obtained by deforming the well-known radial oscillator
potential or the Darboux-P\"oschl-Teller potential by a degree \ell
(\ell=1,2,...) eigenpolynomial. The shape invariance conditions are attributed
to new polynomial identities of degree 3\ell involving cubic products of the
Laguerre or Jacobi polynomials. These identities are proved elementarily by
combining simple identities.Comment: 13 page
Optimal Partitions in Additively Separable Hedonic Games

We conduct a computational analysis of fair and optimal partitions in
additively separable hedonic games. We show that, for strict preferences, a
Pareto optimal partition can be found in polynomial time while verifying
whether a given partition is Pareto optimal is coNP-complete, even when
preferences are symmetric and strict. Moreover, computing a partition with
maximum egalitarian or utilitarian social welfare or one which is both Pareto
optimal and individually rational is NP-hard. We also prove that checking
whether there exists a partition which is both Pareto optimal and envy-free is
$\Sigma_{2}^{p}$-complete. Even though an envy-free partition and a Nash stable
partition are both guaranteed to exist for symmetric preferences, checking
whether there exists a partition which is both envy-free and Nash stable is
NP-complete.Comment: 11 pages; A preliminary version of this work was invited for
  presentation in the session `Cooperative Games and Combinatorial
  Optimization' at the 24th European Conference on Operational Research (EURO
  2010) in Lisbo
Insights Into the High-Energy Gamma-ray Emission of Markarian 501 from
  Extensive Multifrequency Observations in the Fermi Era

We report on the gamma-ray activity of the blazar Mrk 501 during the first
480 days of Fermi operation. We find that the average LAT gamma-ray spectrum of
Mrk 501 can be well described by a single power-law function with a photon
index of 1.78 +/- 0.03. While we observe relatively mild flux variations with
the Fermi-LAT (within less than a factor of 2), we detect remarkable spectral
variability where the hardest observed spectral index within the LAT energy
range is 1.52 +/- 0.14, and the softest one is 2.51 +/- 0.20. These unexpected
spectral changes do not correlate with the measured flux variations above
0.3GeV. In this paper, we also present the first results from the
4.5-month-long multifrequency campaign (2009 March 15 - August 1) on Mrk 501,
which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC and VERITAS, the F-GAMMA,
GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent
temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign. The
average spectral energy distribution of Mrk 501 is well described by the
standard one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. In the framework of this
model, we find that the dominant emission region is characterized by a size <~
0.1 pc (comparable within a factor of few to the size of the partially-resolved
VLBA core at 15-43 GHz), and that the total jet power (~10^{44} erg s^{-1})
constitutes only a small fraction (~10^{-3}) of the Eddington luminosity. The
energy distribution of the freshly-accelerated radiating electrons required to
fit the time-averaged data has a broken power-law form in the energy range
0.3GeV-10TeV, with spectral indices 2.2 and 2.7 below and above the break
energy of 20GeV. We argue that such a form is consistent with a scenario in
which the bulk of the energy dissipation within the dominant emission zone of
Mrk 501 is due to relativistic, proton-mediated shocks.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 68 pages, 12 figures and 2 tables.
  Corresponding authors: David Paneque (dpaneque@slac.stanford.edu) and Lukasz
  Stawarz (stawarz@astro.isas.jaxa.jp
`First Light' in the Universe; What Ended the "Dark Age"?

The universe would have been completely dark between the epoch of
recombination and the development of the first non-linear structure. But at
redshifts beyond 5 -- perhaps even beyond 20 -- stars formed within
`subgalaxies' and created the first heavy elements; these same systems
(together perhaps with `miniquasars') generated the UV radiation that ionized
the IGM, and maybe also the first significant magnetic fields. Although we can
already probe back to $z \simeq 5$, these very first objects may be so faint
that their detection must await next-generation optical and infrared
telescopes. Observations in other wavebands may offer indirect clues to when
reionization occurred. Despite the rapid improvements in numerical simulations,
the processes of star formation and feedback are likely to remain a challenge
for the next decade.Comment: For ``Physics Reports'' special issue in memory of D.N. Schram
Inclusive pi0 and K0s Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP

The reactions ee->ee+pi0+X and ee->ee+K0s+X are studied using data collected
at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV.
Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the
particle transverse momentum pt and the pseudo-rapidity. For pt < 1.5 GeV, the
pi0 and K0s differential cross sections are described by an exponential,
typical of soft hadronic processes. For pt > 1.5 GeV, the cross sections show
the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data
are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations
Analysis of the pion-kaon sigma-term and related topics

We calculate the one-loop contributions to the difference \Delta_{\pi K}
between the isoscalar on-shell pion-kaon scattering amplitude at the
Cheng-Dashen point and the scalar form factor \Gamma_K (2M_\pi^2) in the
framework of three flavor chiral perturbation theory. These corrections turn
out to be small. This is further sharpened by treating the kaons as heavy
fields (two flavor chiral perturbation theory). We also analyze the two-loop
corrections to the kaon scalar form factor based on a dispersive technique. We
find that these corrections are smaller than in the comparable case of the
scalar form factor of the pion. This is related to the weaker final state
interactions in the pion-kaon channel.Comment: 25 pp, 3 fig
Enhancement of "CP-odd" Higgs Boson Production in the Minimal
  Supersymmetric Standard Model with Explicit CP Violation

We calculate the production cross section of the ``CP-odd'' Higgs boson via
gluon fusion in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with explicit CP
violation in the stop sector. We show that there is a parameter region in which
the cross section is enhanced by a factor of about 1000, as compared to the
case without CP violation in the stop sector. In the parameter region where the
``CP-odd'' Higgs boson can decay into a stop pair, the stop pair events will be
the important signature of the enhanced ``CP-odd'' Higgs boson. In the case
where the ``CP-odd'' Higgs boson cannot decay into any superparticles, the
gamma gamma and tau tau decay channels could become important for discovering
the ``CP-odd'' Higgs boson. We also discuss the constraints from electric
dipole moments of electron, neutron and mercury on the viable parameter space
mentioned above.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA). VI. The
  distribution and properties of molecular cloud associations in M31

In this paper we present a catalogue of Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) in the
Andromeda (M31) galaxy extracted from the Hershel Exploitation of Local Galaxy
Andromeda (HELGA) dataset. GMCs are identified from the Herschel maps using a
hierarchical source extraction algorithm. We present the results of this new
catalogue and characterise the spatial distribution and spectral energy
properties of its clouds based on the radial dust/gas properties found by Smith
et al (2012). 236 GMCs in the mass range 10^4-10^7 M_sol are identified, their
cumulative mass distribution is found to be proportional to M^-1.45 in
agreement with earlier studies. The GMCs appear to follow the same cloud mass
to L_CO correlation observed in the Milky Way. However, comparison between this
catalogue and interferometry studies also shows that the GMCs are substructured
below the Herschel resolution limit suggesting that we are observing
associations of GMCs. Following Gordon et al. (2006), we study the spatial
structure of M31 by splitting the observed structure into a set of spiral arms
and offset rings. We fit radii of 10.5 and 15.5 kpc to the two most prominent
rings. We then fit a logarithmic spiral with a pitch angle of 8.9 deg to the
GMCs not associated with either ring. Lastly, we comment upon the effects of
deprojection on our results and investigate the effect different models for
M31's inclination will have upon the projection of an unperturbed spiral arm
system.Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 21 figures; rev v2 to correct cross-references
  (resub: update to series numbering
Rapidity and momentum transfer distributions of coherent $J/\psi$
  photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPb collisions at the LHC

Based on accurate calculations of the flux of equivalent photons of the
proton and heavy nuclei and the pQCD framework for the gluon distribution in
the proton and nuclei, we analyze the rapidity and momentum transfer
distributions of coherent $J/\psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral proton-Pb
collisions at the LHC. We demonstrate that unlike the case of proton-proton
UPCs marred by certain theoretical uncertainties and experimental limitations,
after a cut excluding the region of small momentum transfers, ultraperipheral
proton-Pb collisions offer a clean way to study the gluon distribution in the
proton down to $x \approx 10^{-5}$. Our analysis of the momentum transfer
distributions shows that an interplay of $J/\psi$ production by low-energy
photons on the nucleus and by high-energy photons on the proton in proton-Pb
UPCs can result in some excess of events at small $p_t$ in a definite region of
the rapidity y.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures. The final published versio
Dalitz-plot dependence of CP asymmetry in B+- --> K+- K+ K- decays

A large CP asymmetry predicted recently in the framework of the QCD
factorization model for the B+- --> K+- K+ K- decays in the range of the K+ K-
invariant masses above the phi(1020) resonance has been confirmed by the LHCb
Collaboration. We discuss the emergence and size of this asymmetry in an
extended model involving S- and P-waves together with the contribution from the
D-wave f2(1270) resonance and compare our model with the experimental data of
the LHCb and BABAR Collaborations.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Higher Spin Currents in Wolf Space: Part I

For the N=4 superconformal coset theory described by SU(N+2)/SU(N) (that
contains a Wolf space) with N=3, the N=2 WZW affine current algebra with
constraints is obtained. The 16 generators of the large N=4 linear
superconformal algebra are described by those WZW affine currents explicitly.
By factoring out four spin-1/2 currents and the spin-1 current from these 16
generators, the remaining 11 generators (spin-2 current, four spin-3/2
currents, and six spin-1 currents) corresponding to the large N=4 nonlinear
superconformal algebra are obtained.
  Based on the recent work by Gaberdiel and Gopakumar on the large N=4
holography, the extra 16 currents, with spin contents (1, 3/2, 3/2, 2), (3/2,
2, 2, 5/2), (3/2, 2, 2, 5/2), and (2, 5/2, 5/2, 3) described in terms of N=2
multiplets, are obtained and realized by the WZW affine currents. As a first
step towards N=4 W algebra (which is NOT known so far), the operator product
expansions (OPEs) between the above 11 currents and these extra 16 higher spin
currents are found explicitly. It turns out that the composite fields with
definite U(1) charges, made of above (11+16) currents (which commute with the
Wolf space subgroup SU(N=3) x SU(2) x U(1) currents), occur in the right hand
sides of these OPEs.Comment: 143 pages; Simplified the OPEs using compact notations, manifest
  SU(2) x SU(2) representations are given and to appear in JHE
First spectroscopic observations of the sub-stellar companion of the
  young debris disk star PZ Telescopii

In 2010 a sub-stellar companion to the solar analog pre-main sequence star PZ
Tel and member of the about 12 Myr old Beta Pic moving group was found by
high-contrast direct imaging independently by two teams. In order to determine
the basic parameters of this companion more precisely and independent of
evolutionary models, hence age independent, we obtained follow-up spectroscopic
observations of primary and companion. We use the Spectrograph for INtegral
Field Observations in the Near Infrared (SINFONI) at the Very Large Telescope
Unit 4/YEPUN of ESO's Paranal Observatory in H+K band and process the data
using the spectral deconvolution technique. The resulting spectrum of the
companion is then compared to a grid of Drift-Phoenix synthetic model spectra,
a combination of a general-purpose model atmosphere code with a
non-equilibrium, stationary cloud and dust model, using a chi^2 minimization
analysis. We find a best fitting spectral type of G6.5 for PZ Tel A. The
extracted spectrum of the sub-stellar companion, at a spatial position
compatible with earlier orbit estimates, yields a temperature Teff= 2500
+138-115 K, a visual extinction A_V= 0.53 +0.84-0.53 mag, a surface gravity of
log g= 3.50 +0.51-0.30 dex, and a metallicity at the edge of the grid of [M/H]=
0.30 -0.30 dex. We derive a luminosity of log(Lbol/Lsun)= -2.66 +0.06-0.08, a
radius of R= 2.42 +0.28-0.34 R_Jup and a mass of M= 7.5 +16.9-4.3 M_Jup for the
PZ Tel companion, being consistent with most earlier estimates using photometry
alone. Combining our results with evolutionary models, we find a best fitting
mass of about 21 Jupiter masses at an age corresponding to the recently
determined lithium depletion age of 7 +4-2 Myr. Hence, the PZ Tel companion is
most likely a wide brown dwarf companion in the 12 +8-4 Myr old Beta Pic moving
group.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Effective Theories and Measurements at Colliders

If the LHC run 2 will not provide conclusive hints for new resonant Physics
beyond the Standard Model, dedicated and consistent search strategies at high
momentum transfers will become the focus of searches for anticipated deviations
from the Standard Model expectation. We discuss the phenomenological importance
of QCD and electroweak corrections in bounding higher dimensional operators
when analysing energy-dependent differential distributions. In particular, we
study the impact of RGE-induced operator running and mixing effects on
measurements performed in the context of an Effective Field Theory extension of
the SM. Furthermore we outline a general analysis strategy which allows a
RGE-improved formulation of constraints free of theoretical shortcomings that
can arise when differential distributions start to probe the new interaction
scale. We compare the numerical importance of such a programme against the
standard analysis approach which is widely pursued at present.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, references added, typos correcte
The low lying scalar resonances in the $D^0$ decays into $K^0_s$ and
  $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$, $a_0(980)$

The $D^0$ decay into $K^0_s$ and a scalar resonance, $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$,
$a_0(980)$, is studied obtaining the scalar resonances from final state
interaction of a pair of mesons produced in a first step in the $D^0$ decay
into $K^0_s$ and the pair of pseudoscalar mesons. This weak decay is very
appropriate for this kind of study because it allows to produce the three
resonances in the same decay in a process that is Cabibbo allowed, hence the
rates obtained are large compared to those of $\bar{B}^0$ decays into $J/\psi$
and a scalar meson that have at least one Cabibbo suppressed vertex. Concretely
the $a_0(980)$ production is Cabibbo allowed here, while it cannot be seen in
the $\bar{B}^0_s$ decay into $J/\psi a_0(980)$ and is doubly Cabibbo suppressed
in the $\bar{B}^0$ decay into $J/\psi a_0(980)$ and has not been identified
there. The fact that the three resonances can be seen in the same reaction,
because there is no isospin conservation in the weak decays, offers a unique
opportunity to test the ideas of the chiral unitary approach where these
resonances are produced from the interaction of pairs of pseudoscalar mesons.Comment: More considerations are include