pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Medical student and junior doctors' tolerance of ambiguity: development of a new scale

PublishedJournal Article“The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9510-z”.The practice of medicine involves inherent ambiguity, arising from limitations of knowledge, diagnostic problems, complexities of treatment and outcome and unpredictability of patient response. Research into doctors' tolerance of ambiguity is hampered by poor conceptual clarity and inadequate measurement scales. We aimed to create and pilot a measurement scale for tolerance of ambiguity in medical students and junior doctors that addresses the limitations of existing scales. After defining tolerance of ambiguity, scale items were generated by literature review and expert consultation. Feedback on the draft scale was sought and incorporated. 411 medical students and 75 foundation doctors in Exeter, UK were asked to complete the scale. Psychometric analysis enabled further scale refinement and comparison of scale scores across subgroups. The pilot study achieved a 64% response rate. The final 29 item version of the Tolerance of Ambiguity in Medical Students and Doctors (TAMSAD) scale had good internal reliability (Cronbach's α 0.80). Tolerance of ambiguity was higher in foundation year 2 doctors than first, third and fourth year medical students (-5.23, P = 0.012; -5.98, P = 0.013; -4.62, P = 0.035, for each year group respectively). The TAMSAD scale offers a valid and reliable alternative to existing scales. Further work is required in different settings and in longitudinal studies but this study offers intriguing provisional insights
Dinoprostone priming of the cervix prior to termination of midgestation pregnancy with sulprostone

Objective: To determine if cervical ripening with the prostaglandin E2 analogue dinoprostone effectively shortens the induction-to-delivery interval in midpregnancy terminations with sulprostone. Study design: We retrospectively studied 100 women admitted for pregnancy termination at midgestation because of fetal anomalies between September 1989 and January 1993. Three regimens were used: 27 women received intramuscular sulprostone only, 29 women received intravenous sulprostone only, and 44 women received intravenous sulprostone after cervical priming with dinoprostone. Wilcoxon's rank sum test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Dinoprostone priming did not significantly reduce the induction-to-delivery interval in either parous or nulliparous women. However, when divided into first and subsequent pregnancies, we found that primigravidae, but not multigravidae, had an induction-to-delivery interval that was significantly shorter by approximately 10.5 h when pretreated with dinoprostone. Conclusion: Dinoprostone priming of the cervix prior to termination of midgestation pregnancy with sulprostone (Nalador) effectively shortens the induction-to-delivery interval in women in their first pregnancy
Combined Measurement and QCD Analysis of the Inclusive ep Scattering Cross Sections at HERA

A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised ep scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q^2, and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions HERAPDF1.0 with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result.A combination is presented of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations in neutral and charged current unpolarised ep scattering at HERA during the period 1994-2000. The data span six orders of magnitude in negative four-momentum-transfer squared, Q^2, and in Bjorken x. The combination method used takes the correlations of systematic uncertainties into account, resulting in an improved accuracy. The combined data are the sole input in a NLO QCD analysis which determines a new set of parton distributions HERAPDF1.0 with small experimental uncertainties. This set includes an estimate of the model and parametrisation uncertainties of the fit result
Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 mu b(-1), ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter system over the pseudorapidity interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT <210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," R-CP. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. R-CP varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC
Search for low-scale gravity signatures in multi-jet final states with the ATLAS detector at root s = 8 TeV

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)A search for evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model in final states with multiple high-transverse-momentum jets is performed using 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at (Formula presented.) = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No significant excess of events beyond Standard Model expectations is observed, and upper limits on the visible cross sections for non-Standard Model production of multi-jet final states are set. A wide variety of models for black hole and string ball production and decay are considered, and the upper limit on the cross section times acceptance is as low as 0.16 fb at the 95% confidence level. For these models, excluded regions are also given as function of the main model parameters
Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer's Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Article Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer's Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells

International audiencePeyer's patches (PPs) are primary inductive sites of mucosal immunity. Defining PP mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) is thus crucial to understand the initiation of mucosal immune response. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, distribution, ontogeny, lifespan, function, and transcriptional profile of PP MPS. We show that monocytes give rise to macrophages and to lysozyme-expressing dendritic cells (LysoDCs), which are both involved in particulate antigen uptake, display strong innate antiviral and antibacterial gene signatures, and, upon TLR7 stimulation, secrete IL-6 and TNF, but neither IL-10 nor IFN gamma. However, unlike macrophages, LysoDCs display a rapid renewal rate, strongly express genes of the MHCII presentation pathway, and prime naive helper T cells for IFNg production. Our results show that monocytes differentiate locally into LysoDCs and macrophages, which display distinct features from their adjacent villus counterparts
Sparse component separation for accurate CMB map estimation

The Cosmological Microwave Background (CMB) is of premier importance for the
cosmologists to study the birth of our universe. Unfortunately, most CMB
experiments such as COBE, WMAP or Planck do not provide a direct measure of the
cosmological signal; CMB is mixed up with galactic foregrounds and point
sources. For the sake of scientific exploitation, measuring the CMB requires
extracting several different astrophysical components (CMB, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich
clusters, galactic dust) form multi-wavelength observations. Mathematically
speaking, the problem of disentangling the CMB map from the galactic
foregrounds amounts to a component or source separation problem. In the field
of CMB studies, a very large range of source separation methods have been
applied which all differ from each other in the way they model the data and the
criteria they rely on to separate components. Two main difficulties are i) the
instrument's beam varies across frequencies and ii) the emission laws of most
astrophysical components vary across pixels. This paper aims at introducing a
very accurate modeling of CMB data, based on sparsity, accounting for beams
variability across frequencies as well as spatial variations of the components'
spectral characteristics. Based on this new sparse modeling of the data, a
sparsity-based component separation method coined Local-Generalized
Morphological Component Analysis (L-GMCA) is described. Extensive numerical
experiments have been carried out with simulated Planck data. These experiments
show the high efficiency of the proposed component separation methods to
estimate a clean CMB map with a very low foreground contamination, which makes
L-GMCA of prime interest for CMB studies.Comment: submitted to A&
A Review of Energy Storage Technologies for Marine Current Energy Systems

International audienceIncreasing concerns about the depletion of fossil resources and the issue of environment lead to a global need for producing more clean energy from renewable sources. Ocean is appreciated as a vast source of renewable energies. Considering marine renewable energies, it can be noticed that significant electrical power can be extracted from marine tidal currents. However, the power harnessed from marine tidal currents is highly fluctuant due to the swell effect and the periodicity of the tidal phenomenon. To improve the power quality and make the marine generation system more reliable, energy storage systems can play a crucial role. In this paper, an overview and the state of art of energy storage technologies are presented. Characteristics of various energy storage technologies are analyzed and compared for this particular application. The comparison shows that high-energy batteries like sodium-sulphur battery and flow battery are favorable for smoothing the long-period power fluctuation due to the tide phenomenon while supercapacitor and flywheel are more suitable for eliminating short-period power disturbances due to swell or turbulence phenomena. This means that hybrid storage technologies are needed for achieving optimal results in tidal marine current energy applications
A proposal for 'Correction Values' for Winter Outdoor Design Temperatures

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This study aims to find a correlation between winter outdoor design temperature (WDT) and mass of the building envelope. The daily variations of the inside surface temperatures and heal fluxes of the walls under various climatic conditions and different wall constructions have been calculated by a computer program based on the response factor technique, which uses variable outside air temperature and solar radiation and constant inside air temperature values as input climatic data. The analysis of the relation between mass of the walls and inside surface heat fluxes resulted with the correction values for winter design temperature (WDTCV) depending on the mass of the wall and on the direction of facades for different climatic zones
Memory-resilient gain-scheduled state-feedback control of uncertain LTI/LPV systems with time-varying delays

International audienceThe stabilization of uncertain LTI/LPV time-delay systems with time-varying delays by state-feedback controllers is addressed. Compared to other works in the literature, the proposed approach allows for the synthesis of resilient controllers with respect to uncertainties on the implemented delay. It is emphasized that such controllers unify memoryless and exact-memory controllers usually considered in the literature. The solutions to the stability and stabilization problems are expressed in terms of LMIs which allow us to check the stability of the closed-loop system for a given bound on the knowledge error and even optimize the uncertainty radius under some performance constraints; in this paper, theH1 performance measure is considered. The interest of the approach is finally illustrated through several examples
Study of double parton scattering using W + 2-jet events in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Double parton scattering is investigated in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 7 TeV where the final state includes a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, and two jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Observables sensitive to double parton scattering are investigated after being corrected for detector effects and selection efficiencies. The fraction of W + 2-jet events due to double parton scattering is measured to be 0.055 ± 0.002 (stat.) ± 0.014 (syst.). The effective cross section, σ eff, characterizing the effective transverse area of hard partonic interactions in collisions between protons is measured to be 20.7 ± 0.8(stat.) ± 6.6(syst.)mb
African-European contacts in the Kongo Kingdom (sixteenth-eighteenth centuries): new archaeological insights from Ngongo Mbata (Lower Congo, DRC)

Ngongo Mbata, the main and most affluent center of the Kongo kingdom’s Mbata province in the 17th century, is well known from the historical sources, but virtually unexplored in archaeological publications. Ngongo Mbata is unique in that it hosted a monumental stone building about which the historical record remains silent. This makes it particularly challenging from the point of view of historical archaeology. In this paper historical data, unpublished excavation results from the 1930s and our own fieldwork undertaken in 2012-2013 are brought together, to tell a new story of early African-European contacts in the interior of West Central Africa
NGC 4370 : a case study for testing our ability to infer dust distribution and mass in nearby galaxies

Context. A segment of the early-type galaxy population hosts a prominent dust lane, often decoupled from its stellar body. Methods of quantifying the dust content of these systems based on optical imaging data usually yield dust masses that are an order of magnitude lower than dust masses derived from the observed far-IR (FIR) emission. The discrepancy is often explained by invoking a diffuse dust component that is hard to trace in the UV or optical. 
Aims. High-quality optical data from the Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey (NGVS) and FIR/sub-mm observations from the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey (HeViCS) allow us to revisit previous methods of determining the dust content in galaxies and explore new ones. NGC 4370 is an edge-on, early-type galaxy with a conspicuous dust lane and regular morphology, making it suitable for several (semi-) analytical modelling techniques. We aim to derive the dust mass from both optical and FIR data and to investigate the need to invoke a putative diffuse dust component. 
Methods. We used different methods to determine the total dust mass in the dust lane. We used our exquisite optical data to create colour and attenuation maps, which are converted to approximate dust mass maps based on simple dust geometries. Dust masses were also derived from SED fits to FIR to sub-mm observations. Finally, inverse radiative transfer fitting was performed to investigate more complex dust geometries, such as an exponential dust disc and a dust ring and to treat the dust-starlight interaction in a self-consistent way. 
Results. We find that the empirical methods applied to the optical data yield lower limits of 3.4 x 10(5) M-circle dot, an order of magnitude below the total dust masses derived from SED fitting. In contrast, radiative transfer models yield dust masses that are slightly lower, but fully consistent with the FIR-derived mass. We find that the effect of a nuclear stellar disc on the derivation of the total dust mass is minor. 
Conclusions. Dust is more likely to be distributed in a ring around the centre of NGC 4370 as opposed to an exponential disc or a simple foreground screen. Moreover, by using inverse radiative transfer fitting, we are able to constrain most of the parameters that describe these geometries. The resulting dust masses are high enough to account for the dust observed at FIR/sub-mm wavelengths, so that no diffuse dust component needs to be invoked. We furthermore caution against interpreting dust masses and optical depths based on optical data alone, when using overly simplistic star-dust geometries and the neglect of scattering effects
The prospects of measuring the angular power spectrum of the diffuse
  Galactic synchrotron emission with SKA1 Low

The diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission (DGSE) is the most important
diffuse foreground component for future cosmological 21-cm observations. The
DGSE is also an important probe of the cosmic ray electron and magnetic field
distributions in the turbulent interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy. In this
paper we briefly review the Tapered Gridded Estimator (TGE) which can be used
to quantify the angular power spectrum of the sky signal directly from the
visibilities measured in radio-interferometric observations. The salient
features of the TGE are (1.) it deals with the gridded data which makes it
computationally very fast (2.) it avoids a positive noise bias which normally
arises from the system noise inherent to the visibility data, and (3.) it
allows us to taper the sky response and thereby suppresses the contribution
from unsubtracted point sources in the outer parts and the sidelobes of the
antenna beam pattern. We also summarize earlier work where the TGE was used to
measure the C_l of the DGSE using 150 MHz GMRT data. Earlier measurements of
the angular power spectrum are restricted to smaller angular multipole l ~ 10^3
for the DGSE, the signal at the larger l values is dominated by the residual
point sources after source subtraction. The higher sensitivity of the upcoming
SKA1 Low will allow the point sources to be subtracted to a fainter level than
possible with existing telescopes. We predict that it will be possible to
measure the angular power spectrum of the DGSE to larger values of l with SKA1
Low. Our results show that it should be possible to achieve l_{max} ~ 10^4 and
~ 10^5 with 2 minutes and 10 hours of observations respectively.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; Accepted for publication in Journal of
  Astrophysics and Astronomy (JOAA) special issue on "Science with the SKA: an
  Indian perspective
Measurements of $\psi(2S)$ and $X(3872) \to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ production
  in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Differential cross sections are presented for the prompt and non-prompt
production of the hidden-charm states $X(3872)$ and $\psi(2S)$, in the decay
mode $J/\psi \pi^+\pi^-$, measured using 11.4 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The ratio of
cross-sections $X(3872)/\psi(2S)$ is also given, separately for prompt and
non-prompt components, as well as the non-prompt fractions of $X(3872)$ and
$\psi(2S)$. Assuming independent single effective lifetimes for non-prompt
$X(3872)$ and $\psi(2S)$ production gives $R_B = \frac{\mathcal{B}(B
\rightarrow X(3872)\textrm{ + any}) \mathcal{B}(X(3872 \rightarrow
J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-)}{\mathcal{B}(B \rightarrow \psi(2S)\textrm{ + any})
\mathcal{B}(\psi(2S) \rightarrow J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-)} = (3.95 \pm 0.32
\mathrm{(stat)} \pm 0.08\mathrm{(sys)}) \times 10^{-2}$, while separating
short- and long-lived contributions, assuming that the short-lived component is
due to $B_c$ decays, gives $R_B = (3.57 \pm 0.33\mathrm{(stat)} \pm
0.11\mathrm{(sys)}) \times 10^{-2}$, with the fraction of non-prompt $X(3872)$
produced via $B_c$ decays for $p_\mathrm{T}(X(3872)) > 10$ GeV being $(25 \pm
13\mathrm{(stat)} \pm 2\mathrm{(sys)} \pm 5\mathrm{(spin)})\%$. The
distributions of the dipion invariant mass in the $X(3872)$ and $\psi(2S)$
decays are also measured and compared to theoretical predictions.Comment: 42 pages in total, author list starting page 26, 10 figures, 8
  tables. Submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/BPHY-2015-03
Reopening the Higgs portal for Singlet Scalar Dark Matter

A real singlet scalar, connected to the Standard Model sector through a
portal with the Higgs boson, is one of the simplest and most popular models for
dark matter (DM). However, the experimental advances in direct and indirect DM
searches, together with the latest results from the LHC, have ruled out vast
areas of the parameter space of this scenario, and are expected to probe it
completely within the next years, ruling it out if no signal is found.
Motivated by the simplicity of this model, in this article we address a
minimal, renormalizable extension that could evade detection, consisting of the
addition of an extra real singlet scalar field in the dark sector. We analyze
the physical constraints on the model and show that the new annihilation and/or
coannihilation channels involving the extra singlet allow to reproduce the
correct DM relic abundance while avoiding the bounds from direct and indirect
searches for any DM mass above 50 GeV. We also show that, in some interesting
regions of the parameter space, the extra particle can be integrated-out,
leaving a "clever" effective theory (just involving the DM particle and the
Higgs), that essentially reproduces the results.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures. Minor changes and references adde
Search for the b¯b decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson in associated (W/Z)H production with the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.1 (2015): 069 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el nombre del que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere y los autores que firman como pertenecientes a la UAMA search for the b¯b decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed with the ATLAS experiment using the full dataset recorded at the LHC in Run 1. The integrated luminosities used are 4.7 and 20.3 fb−1 from pp collisions at √ s = 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The processes considered are associated (W/Z)H production, where W → eν/µν, Z → ee/µµ and Z → νν. The observed (expected) deviation from the backgroundonly hypothesis corresponds to a significance of 1.4 (2.6) standard deviations and the ratio of the measured signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be µ = 0.52 ± 0.32 (stat.) ± 0.24 (syst.) for a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The analysis procedure is validated by a measurement of the yield of (W/Z)Z production with Z → b¯b in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, from which the ratio of the observed signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be 0.74 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.14 (syst.