pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Lathe Check Characteristics of Fast Growing Sengon Veneers and Their Effect on LVL Glue-Bond and Bending Strength

Fast growing sengon (Paraserianthes moluccana) is largely rotary-cut to produce veneer
 for core plywood production. In order to provide better information on veneer production
 and utilization, in this study the effects of wood juvenility and veneer thickness on lathe
 checks of rotary-cut sengon veneers were evaluated. Before veneer manufacturing, sengon logs were boiled at 50 oC and 75 oC for 4 and 8 hours respectively. The boiled logs were peeled to produce veneer of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm in thickness. Lathe checks of veneers were measured on the loosed side at every 5 mm veneer length under an optical video microscope and their frequency, depth, and length were characterized. Twenty sampling points of 5 mm veneer length were prepared from each segmented ring of 1 cm width from pith to bark. Isocyanate resin adhesive were used to produce laminated veneer lumber (LVL) of 20 mm thick, which consisted of 24-ply of 1 mm veneer thick, 14-ply of 1.5 mm veneer thick, and 11-ply of 2 mm veneer thick, for glue bond and bending strength test. Results showed that wood juvenility and veneer thickness determined the frequency, depth and length of lathe checks for the sengon rotary-cut veneers. In general, the frequency of lathe checks of the veneer increases with increasing veneer thickness, and also increases from pith to bark. Boiling of logs before rotary-cutting could decreases the frequency of lathe check of the veneer. The results indicated that boiling of logs at 50 oC for 8 h and at 75 oC at least 4 h before peeling the logs could minimize the frequency of lathe check in manufacturing rotary cut veneer thickness of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm from juvenile wood of fast growing sengon. The frequency of lathe check affect significantly the glue bond and bending strength, in which the glue bond, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) decrease as the frequency of lathe checks increases.The authors thank the Directorate for Research and Community Service of the Ministry of National Education for the Republic of Indonesia for the research gran
Cable length optimization for trawl fuel consumption reduction

A numerical method for optimization of the cable lengths in trawls with respect to the ratio between the estimated trawl drag and the predicted catch efficiency is developed and applied. The trawl cables of interest are warps, bridles, headline and footrope. The optimization algorithm applies an ordered sequential process changing one cable length at the time. It is assumed in the predictions that the catch efficiency of the trawl is proportional with the trawl mouth area. In a case study optimizing a bottom trawl used on a research vessel by applying the new method it is predicted that it would be possible to reduce the ratio between trawl drag and catch efficiency by up to 46% by optimizing the cable lengths. Thus this would enable a considerable reduction in fuel consumption to catch a specific amount of fish. Moreover, we predict an increase in the value of the trawl mouth area leading to better catching efficiency without increase in otter door drag.The authors would like to thank the European Fisheries Fund and the French Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries for funding this ﬁeld of research
Characterisation of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes; application as a redox mediator for biosensors

Abstract  The polymer redox mediator, poly(neutral red) (PNR), has been synthesised and characterised electrochemically to investigate the best electropolymerisation and mediation conditions for application in enzyme biosensors and to clarify the mechanism of action. Neutral red was electropolymerised by potential cycling on carbon film electrode substrates by allowing the monomer to be oxidised during the full 20 cycles of polymerisation or reducing the positive limit of the potential window after the first 2 cycles to impede monomer oxidation with a view to obtaining longer polymer chains and a lesser degree of branching. Comparison was made with glassy carbon substrates. The PNR films on carbon film electrodes were characterised using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as in glucose biosensors prepared with PNR. Glucose oxidase enzyme was immobilised by encapsulation in silica sol-gel and compared with that obtained by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The biosensors were evaluated by chronoamperometry in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline solution, pH 7.0, and showed evidence of electron transfer between the enzyme cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide and PNR dissolved in the enzyme layer competing with PNR-mediated electrochemical degradation of H2O2 formed during the enzymatic process.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0281-
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Studies on Phase Heterogeneity in Lipid Bilayer Membranes

There is a growing interest in functional membrane heterogeneity on the mesoscopic (several tens to hundreds of molecular dimensions) scale. However, the physical-chemical basis for this sort of heterogeneity in membranes is not entirely clear. Unambiguous methods to demonstrate that the cell plasma membrane and other cellular membranes are in fact heterogeneous on the mesoscopic level are also not generally available. Fluorescence techniques do, however, provide excellent tools for this purpose. In particular, the emerging techniques of scanning near-field optical microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy hold a great deal of promise for the near-future. All these methods require the use of fluorescent probes (lipids and/or proteins) and a clear definition of how these probes partition between domains of coexisting membrane phases. The development of the concept of membrane heterogeneity over the years since the first proposal of the “fluid mosaic” model is reviewed briefly. The use of lipid-binding proteins in experimental protocols for the labeling of membranes with fluorescent lipid amphiphiles as monomers in aqueous solutions at concentrations well above their critical aggregation concentrations is discussed. The methods of fluorescence spectroscopy available to the cell biologist for determining probe partition coefficients for partitioning between coexisting membrane phases are reviewed in some detail, as is the relevant theoretical and experimental work reported in the literature.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101396670576
Proving the Principle: Taking Geodesic Dynamics too Seriously in Einstein's Theory

In this paper I critically review the long history of attempts to formulate and derive the geodesic principle, which claims that massive bodies follow geodesic paths in general relativity theory. I argue that if the principle is (canonically) interpreted as a dynamical law of motion describing the actual evolution of gravitating bodies as endorsed by Einstein, then it is impossible to apply the law to massive bodies in a way that is coherent with his own field equations. Rejecting this canonical interpretation, I propose an alternative interpretation of the geodesic principle as a type of universality thesis analogous to the universality behavior exhibited in thermal systems during phase transitions
The analytic nodal diffusion solver ANDES in multigroups for 3D rectangular geometry: Development and performance analysis

In this work we address the development and implementation of the analytic coarse-mesh finite-difference (ACMFD) method in a nodal neutron diffusion solver called ANDES. The first version of the solver is implemented in any number of neutron energy groups, and in 3D Cartesian geometries; thus it mainly addresses PWR and BWR core simulations. The details about the generalization to multigroups and 3D, as well as the implementation of the method are given. The transverse integration procedure is the scheme chosen to extend the ACMFD formulation to multidimensional problems. The role of the transverse leakage treatment in the accuracy of the nodal solutions is analyzed in detail: the involved assumptions, the limitations of the method in terms of nodal width, the alternative approaches to implement the transverse leakage terms in nodal methods – implicit or explicit _, and the error assessment due to transverse integration. A new approach for solving the control rod ‘‘cusping” problem, based on the direct application of the ACMFD method, is also developed and implemented in ANDES. The solver architecture turns ANDES into an user-friendly, modular and easily linkable tool, as required to be integrated into common software platforms for multi-scale and multi-physics simulations. ANDES can be used either as a stand-alone nodal code or as a solver to accelerate the convergence of whole core pin-by-pin code systems. The verification and performance of the solver are demonstrated using both proof-of-principle test cases and well-referenced international benchmarks
Fabrication and stress relief modelling of GaN based MEMS test structures grown by MBE on Si(111)

The fabrication of III-N MEMS test structures, such as cantilevers, beams and stress-pointers, and the modelling of their deformation due to residual stress relief, is presented. GaN and AlGaN/GaN structures were fabricated, either with one end and both ends clamped to the Si substrate (asymmetrical and symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions, respectively). The residual stress in the III-N layer was measured by photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction, and the stress relief induced deformation was analysed by a finite element method model. The deformations of the MEMS structures were used to calculate both the residual strains and the Young’s modulus of the material. One-end-clamped structures suffer from large deformations due to the uneven stress relaxation. During micromachining, the relaxation induces large upward buckling, as measured for fabricated devices and fitted by the FEM model. Two-end-clamped structures were also studied using different topologies and under-etching lengths of the clamped region. It is concluded that the deformation of such structures may be reduced with symmetrical mechanical boundary conditions and a small under-etched clamping region compared to the device dimensions
Modelling seed germination in forest tree species through survival analysis. The Pinus pinea L. case study

The direct application of existing models for seed germination may often be inadequate in the context of ecology and forestry germination experiments. This is because basic model assumptions are violated and variables available to forest managers are rarely used. In this paper, we present a method which addresses the aforementioned shortcomings. The approach is illustrated through a case study of Pinus pinea L. Our findings will also shed light on the role of germination in the general failure of natural regeneration in managed forests of this species. The presented technique consists of a mixed regression model based on survival analysis. Climate and stand covariates were tested. Data for fitting the model were gathered from a 5-year germination experiment in a mature, managed P. pinea stand in the Northern Plateau of Spain in which two different stand densities can be found. The model predictions proved to be unbiased and highly accurate when compared with the training data. Germination in P. pinea was controlled through thermal variables at stand level. At microsite level, low densities negatively affected the probability of germination. A time-lag in the response was also detected. Overall, the proposed technique provides a reliable alternative to germination modelling in ecology/forestry studies by using accessible/ suitable variables. The P. pinea case study highlights the importance of producing unbiased predictions. In this species, the occurrence and timing of germination suggest a very different regeneration strategy from that understood by forest managers until now, which may explain the high failure rate of natural regeneration in managed stands. In addition, these findings provide valuable information for the management of P. pinea under climate-change conditions
Neutronic analysis of the bi-spectral moderator such as that proposed for ESS

This paper reports on design studies concerning a moderator concept which aims to maximize the time averaged flux. The idea is to provide neutron spectra showing two clear maxima, with peaks at View the MathML source and View the MathML source arising from leakage from both cryogenic and thermal moderators. Such a concept known as a bi-spectral moderator (Mezei, 2006 [1]) while proven on a reactor source has only been examined for the ESS 2003 proposal. Filges et al. (2003 [2]), which featured a different design than the current ESS. This paper thus reports on a baseline design for such a moderator concept and shows that it can provide substantial gains in count rates for those applications not requiring high resolution in time-of-flight
A cost-effective methodology applied to videoconference services over hybrid clouds

This paper tackles the optimization of applications in multi-provider hybrid cloud scenarios from an economic point of view. In these scenarios the great majority of solutions offer the automatic allocation of resources on different cloud providers based on their current prices. However our approach is intended to introduce a novel solution by making maximum use of divide and rule. This paper describes a methodology to create cost aware cloud applications that can be broken down into the three most important components in cloud infrastructures: computation, network and storage. A real videoconference system has been modified in order to evaluate this idea with both theoretical and empirical experiments. This system has become a widely used tool in several national and European projects for e-learning and collaboration purposes
Detecting false testimonies in reputation systems using self-organizing maps

It has been demonstrated that rating trust and reputation of individual nodes is an effective approach in distributed environments in order to improve security, support decision-making and promote node collaboration. Nevertheless, these systems are vulnerable to deliberate false or unfair testimonies. In one scenario, the attackers collude to give negative feedback on the victim in order to lower or destroy its reputation. This attack is known as bad mouthing attack. In another scenario, a number of entities agree to give positive feedback on an entity (often with adversarial intentions). This attack is known as ballot stuffing. Both attack types can significantly deteriorate the performances of the network. The existing solutions for coping with these attacks are mainly concentrated on prevention techniques. In this work, we propose a solution that detects and isolates the abovementioned attackers, impeding them in this way to further spread their malicious activity. The approach is based on detecting outliers using clustering, in this case self-organizing maps. An important advantage of this approach is that we have no restrictions on training data, and thus there is no need for any data pre-processing. Testing results demonstrate the capability of the approach in detecting both bad mouthing and ballot stuffing attack in various scenarios
Stem CO2 efflux and its contribution to ecosystem CO2 efflux decrease with drought in a Mediterranean forest stand

tThe rate of metabolic processes demanding energy in tree stems changes in relation with prevailing cli-matic conditions. Tree water availability can affect stem respiration through impacts on growth, phloemtransport or maintenance of diverse cellular processes, but little is known on this topic. Here we moni-tored seasonal changes in stem CO2efflux (Fs), radial growth, sap flow and non-structural carbohydrates intrees of Quercus ilex in a Mediterranean forest stand subjected since 2003 to either partial (33%) through-fall exclusion (E) or unchanged throughfall (C). Fsincreased exponentially during the day by an effectof temperature, although sap flow attenuated the increase in Fsduring the day time. Over the year, Fsalso increased exponentially with increasing temperatures, but Fscomputed at a standard temperatureof 15?C (F15s) varied by almost 4-fold among dates. F15swas the highest after periods of stem growth anddecreased as tree water availability decreased, similarly in C and E treatments. The decline in F15swas notlinked to a depletion of soluble sugars, which increased when water stress was higher. The proportionof ecosystem respiration attributed to the stems was highest following stem growth (23.3%) and lowestduring the peak of drought (6.5%). High within-year variability in F15smakes unadvisable to pool annualdata of Fsvs. temperature to model Fsat short time scales (hours to months) in Mediterranean-type for-est ecosystems. We demonstrate that water availability is an important factor governing stem CO2effluxand suggest that trees in Mediterranean environments acclimate to seasonal drought by reducing stemrespiration. Stem respiratory rates do not seem to change after a long-term increase in drought intensity,however
On the stability limits of long nonaxisymmetric cylindrical liquid bridges

There is a self-similar solution for the stability limits of long, almost cylindrical liquid bridges between equal disks subjected to both axial and lateral accelerations. The stability limits depend on only two variables; the so-called reduced axial, and lateral Bond numbers. A novel experimental setup that involved rotating a horizontal cylindrical liquid bridge about a vertical axis of rotation was designed to test the stability limits predicted by the self-similar solution. Analytical predictions compared well with both numerical and experimental results
Multi-robot data mapping simulation by using microsoft robotics developer studio

This document summarizes the goals achieved in the development of a data mapping appli- cation, for a multi-robot system, implemented as a service with the guidelines found in the Service Oriented Computing paradigm (SOC). The obtained service generates both local and global maps in the reconstruction of a virtual scenario: the local maps represent the sur- rounding area around each one of the mobile robots, and the global one the totality of the scenario where the robots move. The information of the global map is continuously updated by merging the data coming from the local maps by using a novel approach: each one of the maps manages a confidence level value that defines which of the data coming from the maps is worthy of being updated into the global one. This technique is not present in related work. The Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio framework was chosen for its implementation because of the advantages that this tool offers in the management of concurrent and distrib- uted processes, typically found in both a robotics platform and in a multi-robot system
Paclitaxel and baccatin III production induced by methyl jasmonate in free and immobilized cells of Taxus baccata

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)The effects of 100 and 200 µM methyl jasmonate (MJA) on cell proliferation and paclitaxel and baccatin III production were investigated in free and alginate immobilized cells of Taxus baccata growing in a selected product formation culture medium. The greatest accumulation of paclitaxel (13.20 mg dm−3) and baccatin III (4.62 mg dm−3) occurred when 100 µM MJA was added to the culture medium of cells entrapped using a 1.5 and 2.5 % alginate solution. The effects of different treatments on the viability of cultured cells and their capacity to excrete both taxanes into the surrounding medium were considered.
Generation and structural characterization of aluminum cyanoacetylide

Producción CientíficaCombined spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations bring to light a first investigation of a metallic cyanoacetylide, AlC3N, using laser ablation molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. This molecule was synthesized in a supersonic expansion by the reaction of aluminum vapour with C3N, produced from solid aluminum rods and BrCCCN in a newly constructed ablation-heating nozzle device. A set of accurate rotational and 27Al and 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants have been determined from the analysis of the rotational spectrum and compared with those predicted in a high-level ab initio study, conducting to the assignment of the observed species to linear AlCCCN. We have searched for this species towards the carbon-rich evolved star IRC + 10216 but only an upper limit to its abundance has been obtained.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Targeted fluoro positioning for the discovery of a potent and highly selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor

The incorporation of fluorine atoms into functional molecules is of wide interest in synthetic organic chemistry as well as cognate disciplines. In particular, in medicinal chemistry, there is a strong desire to positively influence the physicochemical molecular properties of drug compounds by introducing fluorine into biologically active molecules. Here, we present targeted fluoro positioning as the key design principle of converting a weak matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13 ) inhibitor into a very potent (IC50 = 6nM) and highly selective (selectivity factors of > 1000 over MMP-1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14) inhibitor with excellent plasma and microsomal stability, and no binding to the hERG channel (hERG: human ether-a-go-go related gene)
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles by thermophilic filamentous fungi

Alternative methods, including green synthetic approaches for the preparation of various types of nanoparticles are important to maintain sustainable development. Extracellular or intracellular extracts of fungi are perfect candidates for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles due to the scalability and cost efficiency of fungal growth even on industrial scale. There are several methods and techniques that use fungi-originated fractions for synthesis of gold nanoparticles. However, there is less knowledge about the drawbacks and limitations of these techniques. Additionally, identification of components that play key roles in the synthesis is challenging. Here we show and compare the results of three different approaches for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using either the extracellular fraction, the autolysate of the fungi or the intracellular fraction of 29 thermophilic fungi. We observed the formation of nanoparticles with different sizes (ranging between 6 nm and 40 nm) and size distributions (with standard deviations ranging between 30% and 70%) depending on the fungi strain and experimental conditions. We found by using ultracentrifugal filtration technique that the size of reducing agents is less than 3 kDa and the size of molecules that can efficiently stabilize nanoparticles is greater than 3 kDa