pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Citizen science provides a reliable and scalable tool to track disease-carrying mosquitoes

Este artículo contiene 13 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas.Recent outbreaks of Zika, chikungunya and dengue highlight the importance of better\ud
understanding the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across multiple spatio-temporal\ud
scales. Traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries and cost\ud
constraints. Here we show how a scalable citizen science system can solve this problem by\ud
combining citizen scientists’ observations with expert validation and correcting for\ud
sampling effort. Our system provides accurate early warning information about the Asian\ud
tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) invasion in Spain, well beyond that available from traditional\ud
methods, and vital for public health services. It also provides estimates of tiger mosquito\ud
risk comparable to those from traditional methods but more directly related to the\ud
human–mosquito encounters that are relevant for epidemiological modelling and scalable\ud
enough to cover the entire country. These results illustrate how powerful public participation\ud
in science can be and suggest citizen science is positioned to revolutionize mosquito-borne\ud
disease surveillance worldwide.A. Torrell (Departament de Territori i\ud
Sostenibilitat, Generalitat de Catalunya) and the support of the Spanish Ministry of\ud
Public Health, CCAES (Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias)\ud
and the Health Department of the Generalitat de Catalunya. J.R.B.P. is funded by the\ud
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie\ud
Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 657956. The research leading to these results has\ud
received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness\ud
(MINECO, Plan Estatal I+D+I CGL2013-43139-R) and ‘la Caixa’ Banking Foundation.\ud
Mosquito Alert is currently promoted by ‘la Caixa’ Banking Foundation. Other\ud
contributors during 2014-15 are the Fundación Española de Ciencia y Tecnología\ud
(FCT-13-7019), the program RecerCaixa-2013, and the company Lokimica S.A.Peer reviewe
Damage analysis of pseudo-ductile thin-ply UD hybrid composites - a new analytical method

A new simple analytical approach for predicting all possible damage modes of Uni-Directional (UD) hybrid composites and their stress-strain response in tensile loading is proposed. To do so, the required stress level for the damage modes (fragmentation, delamination and final failure) are assessed separately. The damage process of the UD hybrid can then be predicted based on the order of the required stress for each damage mode. Using the developed analytical method, a new series of standard-thickness glass/thin-ply carbon hybrid composites was tested and a very good pseudo-ductile tensile response with 1.0% pseudo-ductile strain and no load drop until final failure was achieved. The yield stress value for the best tested layup was more than 1130 MPa. The proposed analytical method is simple, very fast to run and it gives accurate results that can be used for designing thin-ply UD hybrid laminates with the desired tensile response and for conducting further parametric studies
The skin awareness study: promoting thorough skin self-examination for skin cancer among men 50 years or older

Background  Incidence and mortality from skin cancers including melanoma are highest among men 50 years or older. Thorough skin self-examination may be beneficial to improve skin cancer outcomes.    Objectives  To develop and conduct a randomized-controlled trial of a video-based intervention to improve skin self-examination behavior among men 50 years or older.    Methods  Pilot work ascertained appropriate targeting of the 12-minute intervention video towards men 50 years or older. Overall, 968 men were recruited and 929 completed baseline telephone assessment. Baseline analysis assessed randomization balance and demographic, skin cancer risk and attitudinal factors associated with conducting a whole-body skin self-examination or receiving a whole-body clinical skin examination by a doctor during the past 12 months.    Results  Randomization resulted in well-balanced intervention and control groups. Overall 13% of men reported conducting a thorough skin self-examination using a mirror or the help of another person to check difficult to see areas, while 39% reported having received a whole-body skin examination by a doctor within the past 12 months. Confidence in finding time for and receiving advice or instructions by a doctor to perform a skin self-examination were among the factors associated with thorough skin self-examination at baseline.    Conclusions  Men 50 years or older can successfully be recruited to a video-based intervention trial with the aim to reduce their burden through skin cancer. Randomization by computer generated randomization list resulted in good balance between control and intervention group and baseline analysis determined factors associated with skin cancer early detection behavior.Full Tex
Predicting mothers’ decisions to introduce complementary feeding at 6 months. An investigation using an extended theory of planned behaviour

In Australia and other developed countries there is poor adherence to guidelines recommending the introduction of complementary feeding to infants at 6 months of age.  We aimed to investigate, via adopting a theory of planned behaviour framework and incorporating additional normative and demographic influences, mothers' complementary feeding intentions and behaviour. Participants were 375 primiparas who completed an initial questionnaire (infant age 13᳷eeks) that assessed the theory of planned behaviour constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control, as well as group norm and additional maternal and infant variables of mothers' age, education level, weight status perception, current maternal feeding practices, and infant birth weight. Approximately, 3 months after completion of the main questionnaire, mothers completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed the age in months at which the infant was first introduced to solids. The theory of planned behaviour variables of attitude and subjective norm, along with group norm, predicted intentions, with intention, mothers' age (older more likely), and weight status perception (overweight less likely) predicting behaviour. Overall, the results highlight the importance of attitudes, normative influences, and individual characteristics in complementary feeding decision-making which should be considered when designing interventions aimed at improving adherence to current maternal feeding guidelines.Full Tex
High speed laser surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V

Titanium and its alloys have been commonly used for biomedical implant applications for many years; however, associated high coefficient of friction, wear characteristics and low hardness have limited their long term performance. This article investigates the effects of the high speed laser surface modification of Ti6A1-4V on the microstructure, surface roughness, meltpool depth, phase transformation, residual strain, microhardness, and chemical composition. Laser treatment was carried out using a 1.5 kW CO2 laser in an argon gas environment. Irradiance and residence time were varied between 15.7 to 26.7 kW/mm2 and 1.08 to 2.16 ms respectively. Laser treatment resulted in a 20 to 50 pm thick surface modified layer without cracks. An increase in residence time and irradiance resulted in higher depth of processing. Surface roughness was found to decrease with increase in both irradiance and residence time. Metallography showed that a martensite structure formed on the laser treated region producing acicular a-Ti nested within the aged p matrix. The laser treatment reduced volume percentage of p-Ti as compared to the non-treated surface. Lattice stains in the range of 0.81% to 0.91% were observed after laser surface modification. A significant increase in micro-hardness was recorded for all laser treated samples. Microhardness increased up to 760 HV0.05 which represented a 67% increase compared to the bulk material. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that laser surface modification produced a more homogenous chemical composition of the alloying elements compared to the untreated bulk metal
Early clinical outcomes of a novel rheolytic directional thrombectomy technique for patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis

BACKGROUND  Rheolytic thrombectomy (RT) for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with first-generation techniques is often incomplete and adjunctive conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is required in more than half of patients to achieve venous patency.  PATIENTS AND METHODS  From the prospective Bern Venous Stent Registry, we investigated rates of primary treatment success, primary patency, and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) from 40 consecutive patients (mean age 51 ± 19 years, 45 % women) with acute iliofemoral DVT, treated with a novel directional RT technology and stent placement. Overall, 24 patients were treated for native-vessel iliofemoral DVT (11 with single-session RT, 13 with bail-out RT after failed CDT) and 16 for iliofemoral stent thrombosis. Pulse-spray thrombolysis (r-tPA 10 mg) was performed in 29 (73 %) patients. The mean follow-up duration was 193 ± 132 days (minimum 90 days).  RESULTS  Overall, primary treatment success of RT was 95 %; only two patients required adjunctive CDT to restore patency. In 24 patients with native-vessel DVT, six-month primary patency was 92 % (95 %CI 75-99 %), and 23 patients (96 %) were free from the PTS according to the Villalta score. In 16 patients with stent thrombosis, six-month primary patency was 63 % (95 %CI 35-85 %) and 50 % were free from PTS. Except for transient macroscopic haemoglobinuria in all patients, no other side effects were recorded.  CONCLUSIONS  In patients with iliofemoral DVT of native or stented vessels, RT followed by stent placement appears to be effective and safe. The novel technique enables single-session DVT treatment in the majority of patients without the need for prolonged CDT
Atypical excitation-inhibition balance in autism captured by the gamma response to contextual modulation

Contains fulltext :
                  115374.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Atypical visual perception in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is hypothesized to stem from an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. We used neuronal oscillations in the gamma frequency range (30–90 Hz), which emerge from a balanced interaction of excitation and inhibition in the brain, to assess contextual modulation processes in early visual perception. Electroencephalography was recorded in 12 high-functioning adults with ASD and 12 age- and IQ-matched control participants. Oscillations in the gamma frequency range were analyzed in response to stimuli consisting of small line-like elements. Orientation-specific contextual modulation was manipulated by parametrically increasing the amount of homogeneously oriented elements in the stimuli. The stimuli elicited a strong steady-state gamma response around the refresh-rate of 60 Hz, which was larger for controls than for participants with ASD. The amount of orientation homogeneity (contextual modulation) influenced the gamma response in control subjects, while for subjects with ASD this was not the case. The atypical steady-state gamma response to contextual modulation in subjects with ASD may capture the link between an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal processing and atypical visual processing in ASD.23 september 201
Ab-initio calculation of the effect of stress on the chemical activity
  of graphene

Graphene layers are stable, hard, and relatively inert. We study how tensile
stress affects $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds and the resulting change in the
chemical activity. Stress affects more strongly $\pi$ bonds that can become
chemically active and bind to adsorbed species more strongly. Upon stretch,
single C bonds are activated in a geometry mixing $120^{o}$ and $90^{o}$; an
intermediate state between $sp^{2}$ and $sp^{3}$ bonding. We use ab-initio
density functional theory to study the adsorption of hydrogen on large clusters
and 2D periodic models for graphene. The influence of the exchange-correlation
functional on the adsorption energy is discussed
Remarkable suppression of the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ contribution
  error into muon $g-2$

We use the unitary and analytic model of the pion electromagnetic form factor
in order to evaluate in the lowest order the $e^{+}e^{-}\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$
contribution into the muon magnetic anomaly. We demonstrate, that this
technique enables us to reduce the uncertainty of the theoretical prediction
importantly in comparison to usual approaches, where the measured data are
integrated directly.Comment: 5 Latex pages,1 figure. Talk at the HSQCD 2009 Int. Conference,
  Tatranska Strba, 29.8.3.9.2009, Slovak Republi
R^4 counterterm and E7(7) symmetry in maximal supergravity

The coefficient of a potential R^4 counterterm in N=8 supergravity has been
shown previously to vanish in an explicit three-loop calculation. The R^4 term
respects N=8 supersymmetry; hence this result poses the question of whether
another symmetry could be responsible for the cancellation of the three-loop
divergence. In this article we investigate possible restrictions from the coset
symmetry E7(7)/SU(8), exploring the limits as a single scalar becomes soft, as
well as a double-soft scalar limit relation derived recently by Arkani-Hamed et
al. We implement these relations for the matrix elements of the R^4 term that
occurs in the low-energy expansion of closed-string tree-level amplitudes. We
find that the matrix elements of R^4 that we investigated all obey the
double-soft scalar limit relation, including certain
non-maximally-helicity-violating six-point amplitudes. However, the single-soft
limit does not vanish for this latter set of amplitudes, which suggests that
the E7(7) symmetry is broken by the R^4 term.Comment: 33 pages, typos corrected, published versio
Geodesic Flows and Neumann Systems on Stiefel Varieties. Geometry and
  Integrability

We study integrable geodesic flows on Stiefel varieties
$V_{n,r}=SO(n)/SO(n-r)$ given by the Euclidean, normal (standard),
Manakov-type, and Einstein metrics. We also consider natural generalizations of
the Neumann systems on $V_{n,r}$ with the above metrics and proves their
integrability in the non-commutative sense by presenting compatible Poisson
brackets on $(T^*V_{n,r})/SO(r)$. Various reductions of the latter systems are
described, in particular, the generalized Neumann system on an oriented
Grassmannian $G_{n,r}$ and on a sphere $S^{n-1}$ in presence of Yang-Mills
fields or a magnetic monopole field.
  Apart from the known Lax pair for generalized Neumann systems, an alternative
(dual) Lax pair is presented, which enables one to formulate a generalization
of the Chasles theorem relating the trajectories of the systems and common
linear spaces tangent to confocal quadrics. Additionally, several extensions
are considered: the generalized Neumann system on the complex Stiefel variety
$W_{n,r}=U(n)/U(n-r)$, the matrix analogs of the double and coupled Neumann
systems.Comment: 39 pages, to appear in Mathematische Zeitschrif
Evidence for a discrete source contribution to low-energy continuum
  Galactic gamma-rays

Models for the diffuse Galactic continuum emission and synchrotron radiation
show that it is difficult to reproduce observations of both of these from the
same population of cosmic-ray electrons. This indicates that an important
contributor to the emission below 10 MeV could be an unresolved point-source
population. We suggest that these could be Crab-like sources in the inner
Galaxy. Alternatively a sharp upturn in the electron spectrum below 200 MeV is
required.Comment: 5 pages, 9 ps-figures; to appear in Proc. 5th Compton Symp.
  (Portsmouth, NH, Sep. 1999), AIP, in press. More details can be found at
  http://www.gamma.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~aws/aws.htm
Dual conformal symmetry on the light-cone

We study the properties of conformal operators in the SL(2) sector of planar
N=4 SYM and its supersymmetric SL(2|2) extension. The correlation functions of
these operators and their form factors with respect to asymptotic on-shell
states are determined in the appropriate limit by two different polynomials
which can be identified as eigenstates of the dilatation operator in the
coordinate and momentum representations, respectively. We argue that, in virtue
of integrability of the dilatation operator, the two polynomials satisfy a
duality relation -- they are proportional to each other upon an appropriate
identification of momenta and coordinates. Combined with the conventional N=4
superconformal symmetry, this leads to the dual superconformal symmetry of the
dilatation operator. We demonstrate that this symmetry is powerful enough to
fix the eigenspectrum of the dilatation operator to the lowest order in the
coupling. We use the relation between the one-loop dilatation operator and
Heisenberg spin chain to show that, to lowest order in the coupling, the dual
symmetry is generated by the Baxter Q-operator in the limit of large spectral
parameter.Comment: 27 page
Modeling Light Curves for Improved Classification

Many synoptic surveys are observing large parts of the sky multiple times.
The resulting lightcurves provide a wonderful window to the dynamic nature of
the universe. However, there are many significant challenges in analyzing these
light curves. These include heterogeneity of the data, irregularly sampled
data, missing data, censored data, known but variable measurement errors, and
most importantly, the need to classify in astronomical objects in real time
using these imperfect light curves. We describe a modeling-based approach using
Gaussian process regression for generating critical measures representing
features for the classification of such lightcurves. We demonstrate that our
approach performs better by comparing it with past methods. Finally, we provide
future directions for use in sky-surveys that are getting even bigger by the
day.Comment: 16 pages, 4 Figure
Comparison of optimal performance at 300 keV of three direct electron
  detectors for use in low dose electron microscopy

Low dose electron imaging applications such as electron cyro-microscopy are
now benefitting from the improved performance and flexibility of recently
introduced electron imaging detectors in which electrons are directly incident
on backthinned CMOS sensors. There are currently three commercially available
detectors of this type: the Direct Electron DE 20, the FEI Falcon II and the
Gatan K2 Summit. These have different characteristics and so it is important to
compare their imaging properties carefully with a view to optimising how each
is used. Results at 300 keV for both the modulation transfer function (MTF) and
detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are presented. Of these, the DQE is the most
important in the study of radiation sensitive samples where detector
performance is crucial. We find that all three detectors have a better DQE than
film. The K2 Summit has the best DQE at low spatial frequencies but with
increasing spatial frequency its DQE falls below that of the Falcon II.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Typed Hilbert Epsilon Operators and the Semantics of Determiner Phrases
  (Invited Lecture)

The semantics of determiner phrases, be they definite de- scriptions,
indefinite descriptions or quantified noun phrases, is often as- sumed to be a
fully solved question: common nouns are properties, and determiners are
generalised quantifiers that apply to two predicates: the property
corresponding to the common noun and the one corresponding to the verb phrase.
We first present a criticism of this standard view. Firstly, the semantics of
determiners does not follow the syntactical structure of the sentence. Secondly
the standard interpretation of the indefinite article cannot ac- count for
nominal sentences. Thirdly, the standard view misses the linguis- tic asymmetry
between the two properties of a generalised quantifier. In the sequel, we
propose a treatment of determiners and quantifiers as Hilbert terms in a richly
typed system that we initially developed for lexical semantics, using a many
sorted logic for semantical representations. We present this semantical
framework called the Montagovian generative lexicon and show how these terms
better match the syntactical structure and avoid the aforementioned problems of
the standard approach. Hilbert terms rather differ from choice functions in
that there is one polymorphic operator and not one operator per formula. They
also open an intriguing connection between the logic for meaning assembly, the
typed lambda calculus handling compositionality and the many-sorted logic for
semantical representations. Furthermore epsilon terms naturally introduce
type-judgements and confirm the claim that type judgment are a form of
presupposition
From Starburst to Quiescence: Testing AGN feedback in Rapidly Quenching
  Post-Starburst Galaxies

Post-starbursts are galaxies in transition from the blue cloud to the red
sequence. Although they are rare today, integrated over time they may be an
important pathway to the red sequence. This work uses SDSS, GALEX, and WISE
observations to identify the evolutionary sequence from starbursts to fully
quenched post-starbursts in the narrow mass range $\log M(M_\odot) =
10.3-10.7$, and identifies "transiting" post-starbursts which are intermediate
between these two populations. In this mass range, $\sim 0.3\%$ of galaxies are
starbursts, $\sim 0.1\%$ are quenched post-starbursts, and $\sim 0.5\%$ are the
transiting types in between. The transiting post-starbursts have stellar
properties that are predicted for fast-quenching starbursts and morphological
characteristics that are already typical of early-type galaxies. The AGN
fraction, as estimated from optical line ratios, of these post-starbursts is
about 3 times higher ($\gtrsim 36 \pm 8 \%$) than that of normal star-forming
galaxies of the same mass, but there is a significant delay between the
starburst phase and the peak of nuclear optical AGN activity (median age
difference of $\gtrsim 200 \pm 100$ Myr), in agreement with previous studies.
The time delay is inferred by comparing the broad-band near NUV-to-optical
photometry with stellar population synthesis models. We also find that
starbursts and post-starbursts are significantly more dust-obscured than normal
star-forming galaxies in the same mass range. About $20\%$ of the starbursts
and $15\%$ of the transiting post-starbursts can be classified as the
"Dust-Obscured Galaxies" (DOGs), while only $0.8\%$ of normal galaxies are
DOGs.The time delay between the starburst phase and AGN activity suggests that
AGN do not play a primary role in the original quenching of starbursts but may
be responsible for quenching later low-level star formation during the
post-starburst phase.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figures,accepted to Ap