pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Eating disorder examination questionnaire : factor structure for adolescent girls and boys\ud

Objective:\ud
To examine the factor structure of the EDE-Q among a sample of adolescents.\ud
\ud
Method:\ud
A community-based sample of 917 adolescents (522 girls and 395 boys) aged 14-18 years completed the EDE-Q version 6.0 as part of a larger study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two subsamples to enable separate analyses.\ud
\ud
Results:\ud
A confirmatory factor analysis on the original four factor model of the EDE-Q produced an inadmissible model with a poor fit. Exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring produced an alternative three factor model of the EDE-Q among adolescents. The Shape and Weight Concerns, Restriction and Preoccupation and Eating Concern subscales accounted for 65% of the total variance. Subscale and global scores were significantly higher for girls than for boys. A high proportion of both girls (53.6%) and boys (30.5%) reported participating in at least one key eating disordered behaviour during the previous 28 days.\ud
\ud
Discussion:\ud
The results of this study present three new subscales (Shape and Weight Concerns, Restriction and Preoccupation and Eating Concern) which are suggested for use in future research which uses the EDE-Q with community samples of adolescents
Persistent body image disturbance following recovery from eating disorders

Background: It has been previously found that individuals with an eating disorder experience the rubber hand illusion (RHI) significantly more strongly than healthy controls on both perceptual (proprioceptive drift) and subjective (self-report embodiment questionnaire) measures. Such heightened sensitivity to visual information about the body, and reduced somatosensory information processing about the body, indicate an increased malleability of the bodily self. The aim of the present study was to explore whether this is a state or persisting/trait phenomenon. Method: The RHI and self-report measures of eating disorder psychopathology (EDI-3 subscales of Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, Interoceptive Deficits, and Emotional Dysregulation; DASS-21; and the Self-Objectification Questionnaire) were administered to 78 individuals with an eating disorder, 28 individuals recovered from an eating disorder, and 61 healthy controls. Results: Proprioceptive drift in recovered individuals was intermediate between the acutely ill and HC groups.  Subjective report of the strength of the illusion in recovered individuals was similar to acutely ill individuals. Discussion: These results indicate that increased malleability of the bodily self persists following recovery and may be a trait phenomenon in people with eating disorders, such that those with a lifetime history of an eating disorder may have heightened sensitivity to visual information about the body and reduced somatosensory information processing of the body
Fostering self-endorsed motivation to change in patients with an eating disorder: the role of perceived autonomy support and psychological need satisfaction

Objective: Although several studies have established the beneficial effects of self-endorsed forms of motivation for lasting therapeutic change, the way patients with an eating disorder can be encouraged to volitionally pursue change has received less attention. On the basis of Self-Determination Theory, this longitudinal study addressed the role of an autonomy-supportive environment and psychological need satisfaction in fostering self-endorsed motivation for change and subsequent weight gain. 
Method: Female inpatients (n = 84) with mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa filled out questionnaires at the onset of, during, and at the end of treatment regarding their perceived autonomy support from parents, staff members, and fellow patients, their psychological need satisfaction, and their reasons for undertaking change. Furthermore, the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patients at the onset and end of treatment was assessed by the staff. Path analyses were used to investigate the relations between these constructs.
Results: At the start of treatment, perceived parental autonomy support related positively to self-endorsed motivation through psychological need satisfaction. Perceived staff and fellow patients autonomy support related to changes in self-endorsed motivation over the course of treatment through fostering change in psychological need satisfaction. Finally, relative increases in self-endorsed motivation related to relative increases in BMI throughout treatment in a subgroup of patients with anorexia nervosa. 
Discussion: These results point to the importance of an autonomy-supportive context for facilitating self-endorsed motivation
Secular trends in eating problems among norwegian adolescents from 1992 to 2010

Objective This study examines secular trends in eating problems among adolescents between 1992 and 2010. The study aims further to investigate whether such trends can be accounted for by secular changes in putative risk factors.
Method Three nationwide surveys of Norwegian senior high-school students were conducted in 1992, 2002, and 2010 (response rates 97.0, 91.0, and 83.2%). At each time point, approximately 3,000 adolescents participated. Eating problems were assessed by means of the Dieting and the Bulimia and Food Preoccupation subscales of the Eating Attitude Test-12. Moreover, a variety of potential risk factors that might account for time trends in such problems were measured.
Results Dieting scores increased almost linearly for both genders during the research period. No differences over time in Bulimia and Food Preoccupation scores were seen among boys, whereas these symptoms peaked in 2002 for girls with considerably lower levels in both 1992 and 2010. The increase in Dieting from 1992 to 2010 for both genders could be attributed in part to increasing body mass index levels and, to a lesser degree, to depressive symptoms among females. The girls' time trend in Bulimia and Food Preoccupation was to some extent related to changes in appearance satisfaction, alcohol intoxication, and global self-worth.
Discussion This study is one of few to statistically examine how secular trends in eating problems are related to changes in putative risk factors. The study does not however provide conclusive information on the causal direction between putative risk factors and eating problems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:448–457)
This is the peer reviewed version of the article, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22271. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
“I'm concerned – What do I do?” recognition and management of disordered eating in fitness center settings

I Brage finner du siste tekst-versjon av artikkelen, og den kan inneholde ubetydelige forskjeller fra forlagets pdf-versjon. Forlagets pdf-versjon finner du på www.wiley.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22297 / In Brage you'll find the final text version of the article, and it may contain insignificant differences from the journal's pdf version. The original publication is available at www.wiley.com: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22297Objective: 
To examine group fitness instructors' knowledge and attitudes toward identification and management of disordered eating (DE).

Method: 
Group fitness instructors representing the three largest fitness center companies in Norway (n = 837, response rate: 57%) completed a questionnaire through Questback (www.questback.com). The questionnaire contained items regarding gender, age, educational background, exercise behavior, and knowledge of recognition and response to DE.

Results: 
Eighty-nine percent of the respondents reported knowledge about symptoms of DE, 29% was classified with adequate DE knowledge skills. Forty-nine percent of the instructors reported current concern about DE among one or more members, 47% reported knowledge about how to recognize and respond to DE, and 37% reported knowledge about their fitness center's guidelines for approaching DE concerns. The level of formal education in sports and exercise, and a history of self-reported eating disorder, but not fitness instructor experience, were explanatory factors for knowledge about DE symptoms. Both exercise specific educational level and instructor experience were explanatory variables for knowledge about recognition of and response to DE concerns.

Discussion: 
Implications of the findings include a need for increased confidence among group fitness instructors regarding how to approach DE concerns, increased awareness of excessive/compulsive exercise as a symptom of DE, and enhanced dissemination of existing guidelines for managing DE concerns among members and/or staff.Seksjon for idretssmedisinske fag / Department of Sports Medicin
DSM-5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wade, T. D. and O'Shea, A. (2015), DSM-5 unspecified feeding and eating disorders in adolescents: What do they look like and are they clinically significant?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48: 367–374. , which has been published in final form at DOI:10.1002/eat.22303. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.  This item is under embargo for a period of 12 months from the date of publication, in accordance with the publisher's policy.Objective: The recent DSM-5 categorization of eating disorders introduces a new category of eating disorders, Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorders (UFED), where symptoms do not meet criteria for any other diagnostic category, but cause clinically significant distress or impairment. The aim of the current study was to explore what disorders in UFED might look like in an adolescent population. \ud
Method: We examined a large cohort of adolescent female twins (N=699) who were assessed on three occasions and who did not meet a DSM-5 eating disorder diagnosis but who reported threshold levels of either fasting and/or driven exercise (N=33; 4.7%). This group of girls was compared to girls who reported no eating disorder over the three waves, and girls who met a diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN.  \ud
Results: The UFED group was characterized as being in the overweight range while striving to lose weight, and placing a high degree of importance on weight and shape in their self-evaluation.  This group was indistinguishable from the two eating disorder groups on measures of global eating disorder severity, and demonstrated significantly elevated impairment and distress compared to the no eating disorder group commensurate with the eating disorder groups.  \ud
Discussion: Further research of this group is necessary to ensure that these individuals are not overlooked, and that treatment options are appropriate and available. \ud
Key words: DSM-5, impairment, adolescents, UFE
A bidirectional examination of expressed emotion among families of adolescents with bulimia nervosa

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper was to examine expressed emotion (EE) measured from adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) toward their parents, in addition to measuring EE from parents toward patients.MethodFifty‐four adolescents and their parents who were receiving treatment for BN participated in a videotaped family interview, from which ratings of EE were made.ResultsParent and patient scores were highly correlated. Four family profiles were created (Low Patient EE/Low Parent EE; High Patient EE/High Parent EE; Low Patient EE/High Parent EE; High Patient EE/Low Parent EE) to determine whether the match between parent and patient EE was related to treatment outcome. The Low Patient EE/Low Parent EE group demonstrated the greatest reduction in purging from baseline to end‐of‐treatment; the High Patient EE/Low Parent EE group showed the smallest reduction in purging.DiscussionEE has historically been rated from relatives toward patients, but patients' own EE may also be related to treatment outcome. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:249–252
How do parents of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa interact with their child at mealtimes? A study of parental strategies used in the family meal session of family-based treatment

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: WHITE, H.J. ... et al, 2015. How do parents of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa interact with their child at mealtimes? A study of parental strategies used in the family meal session of family-based treatment. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48 (1), pp. 72-80, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22328  This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Objective: To examine the range and frequency of parental mealtime strategies used during the family meal session of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa, and to explore the relationships between parental mealtime strategies, mealtime emotional tone and parental 'success' at encouraging adolescent food consumption. Method: Participants were 21 families with a child aged between 12 and 18 years receiving FBT for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Video recordings of the family meal session (FBT session two) were coded using the Family Mealtime Coding System adapted in this study for use with adolescents (FMCS-A) to identify frequency of parental strategies, emotional tone of the meal (measured by adolescent positive and negative vocalisations) and frequency of prompted mouthfuls consumed by the adolescent (measured by the number of mouthfuls consumed by the adolescent immediately following parental interactions). Results: A range of parental mealtime strategies were in use. Those used repeatedly included direct eating prompts, non-direct eating prompts, physical prompts, and providing information or food-related choices. Several parental mealtime strategies (direct and non-direct eating prompts) were found to be consistently associated with the tone of adolescents' vocalisations and the number of mouthfuls consumed in response to a parental prompt. Discussion: Despite associations with negativity from the adolescent, the use of food-related prompts (both verbal and physical) seems to be associated with increased eating. This indicates the potentially important role of parental control of eating. Following replication, these findings might provide a focus for therapists when supporting and coaching parents during the family meal session. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Parental strategies used in the family meal session of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa: Links with treatment outcomes

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: WHITE, H.J. ...et al., 2017. Parental strategies used in the family meal session of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa: Links with treatment outcomes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50 (4), pp. 433–436, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.22647. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Objective: Examine relationships between parental mealtime strategies used in the family meal session of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) and adolescent outcomes at EOT (session 20).\ud
Method: Eighteen families with an adolescent receiving FBT-AN participated. Parental strategies during videoed family meals were assessed using a family mealtime coding system. Change scores were calculated for both adolescent %EBW and EDE scores.\ud
Results: Increased use of parental direct and non-direct eating prompts during the family meal was associated with greater adolescent weight gain at EOT. Use of parental mealtime strategies was not associated with any significant change in adolescent eating psychopathology at EOT.\ud
Discussion: Parental verbal eating prompts during the family meal may be effective in promoting short-term weight gain. During the family meal session, parents should be encouraged to maintain a direct focus on their adolescent child’s eating behaviour which may assist their child with food consumption and potential weight gain. Further research examining food-based interactions among parents and their adolescent child with AN is needed
Hypothalamic CRF1 receptor mechanisms are not sufficient to account for binge‐like palatable food consumption in female rats

OBJECTIVE:\ud
The present study evaluated the effect of systemic injection of the CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919, the corticosterone synthesis inhibitor metyrapone and central amygdala (CeA) injections of the nonselective CRF antagonist D-Phe-CRF(12-41) in rats in which binge eating was evoked by stress and cycles of food restriction.\ud
METHOD:\ud
Female rats were subjected or not to repeated cycles of regular chow food restriction/ad libitum feeding during which they were also given limited access (2 h) to palatable food. On the test day, rats were either exposed or not to the sight of the palatable food for 15 min without allowing access, before assessing food consumption.\ud
RESULTS:\ud
Systemic injections of R121919, but not of the metyrapone, blocked binge-like eating behavior. Restricted and stressed rats showed up-regulation of crh1 receptor mRNA signal in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and CeA but not in basolateral amygdala (BLA) or in the paraventricular nucleus. Injection D-Phe-CRF(12-41) in CeA but not in the BLA-blocked binge-like eating behavior.\ud
DISCUSSION:\ud
These findings demonstrate that extra-hypothalamic CRF1 receptors, rather than those involved in endocrine functions, are involved in binge eating and the crucial role of CRF receptors in CeA. CRF1 receptor antagonism may represent a novel pharmacological treatment for binge-related eating disorders
Integrating species distribution models (SDMs) and phylogeography for two species of Alpine Primula.

The major intention of the present study was to investigate whether an approach combining the use of niche-based palaeodistribution modeling and phylo-geography would support or modify hypotheses about the Quaternary distributional history derived from phylogeographic methods alone. Our study system comprised two closely related species of Alpine Primula. We used species distribution models based on the extant distribution of the species and last glacial maximum (LGM) climate models to predict the distribution of the two species during the LGM. Phylogeographic data were generated using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In Primula hirsuta, models of past distribution and phylogeographic data are partly congruent and support the hypothesis of widespread nunatak survival in the Central Alps. Species distribution models (SDMs) allowed us to differentiate between alpine regions that harbor potential nunatak areas and regions that have been colonized from other areas. SDMs revealed that diversity is a good indicator for nunataks, while rarity is a good indicator for peripheral relict populations that were not source for the recolonization of the inner Alps. In P. daonensis, palaeo-distribution models and phylogeographic data are incongruent. Besides the uncertainty inherent to this type of modeling approach (e.g., relatively coarse 1-km grain size), disagreement of models and data may partly be caused by shifts of ecological niche in both species. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that the combination of palaeo-distribution modeling with phylogeographical approaches provides a more differentiated picture of the distributional history of species and partly supports (P. hirsuta) and partly modifies (P. daonensis and P. hirsuta) hypotheses of Quaternary distributional history. Some of the refugial area indicated by palaeodistribution models could not have been identified with phylogeographic data
Genetic diversity of a successful colonizer: isolated populations of Metrioptera roeselii regain variation at an unusually rapid rate

Newly founded isolated populations need to overcome detrimental effects of low genetic diversity. The establishment success of a population may therefore depend on various mechanisms such as assortative mating, purging of deleterious alleles, creation of new mutations and/or repeated inflow of new genotypes to reduce the effects of inbreeding and further loss of genetic variation. We compared the level of genetic variation in introduced populations of an insect species (Metrioptera roeselii) far beyond its natural distribution with levels found in their respective founder populations and coupled the data with timing since establishment. This allowed us to analyze if the introduced populations showed signs of temporal changes in genetic variation and have made it possible to evaluate underlying mechanisms. For this, we used neutral genetic markers, seven microsatellite loci and a 676-bp-long sequence of the mtDNA COI gene. All tested indices (allelic richness, unbiased expected heterozygosity, effective size, haplotype diversity, and nucleotide diversity) except inbreeding coefficient had significantly higher values in populations within the founding populations inside the continuous area of the species distribution compared with the introduced populations. A logarithmic model showed a significant correlation of both allelic richness and unbiased expected heterozygosity with age of the isolated populations. Considering the species' inferred colonization history and likely introduction pathways, we suggest that multiple introductions are the main mechanism behind the temporal pattern observed. However, we argue that influences of assortative mating, directional selection, and effects of an exceptional high intrapopulation mutation rate may have impacts. The ability to regain genetic diversity at this level may be one of the main reasons why M.roeselii successfully continue to colonize northern Europe
Increased genetic divergence between two closely related fir species in areas of range overlap

This research was supported by National Key Project for Basic Research (2014CB954100) and a Royal Society-NSF China International Joint Project award 2010/R4 to R. J. A. and J. Q. L.Because of introgressive hybridization, closely related species can be more similar to each other in areas of range overlap (parapatry or sympatry) than in areas where they are geographically isolated from each other (allopatry). Here, we report the reverse situation based on nuclear genetic divergence between two fir species, Abies chensiensis and Abies fargesii, in China, at sites where they are parapatric relative to where they are allopatric. We examined genetic divergence across 126 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in a set of 172 individuals sampled from both allopatric and parapatric populations of the two species. Our analyses demonstrated that AFLP divergence was much greater between the species when comparisons were made between parapatric populations than between allopatric populations. We suggest that selection in parapatry may have largely contributed to this increased divergencePublisher PDFPeer reviewe