pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Communication with SIMP dark mesons via Z′-portal

AbstractWe consider a consistent extension of the SIMP models with dark mesons by including a dark U(1)D gauge symmetry. Dark matter density is determined by a thermal freeze-out of the 3→2 self-annihilation process, thanks to the Wess–Zumino–Witten term. In the presence of a gauge kinetic mixing between the dark photon and the SM hypercharge gauge boson, dark mesons can undergo a sufficient scattering off the Standard Model particles and keep in kinetic equilibrium until freeze-out in this SIMP scenario. Taking the SU(Nf)×SU(Nf)/SU(Nf) flavor symmetry under the SU(Nc) confining group, we show how much complementary the SIMP constraints on the parameters of the dark photon are for current experimental searches for dark photon
Mesh adaptation on the sphere using optimal transport and the numerical solution of a Monge–Ampère type equation

AbstractAn equation of Monge–Ampère type has, for the first time, been solved numerically on the surface of the sphere in order to generate optimally transported (OT) meshes, equidistributed with respect to a monitor function. Optimal transport generates meshes that keep the same connectivity as the original mesh, making them suitable for r-adaptive simulations, in which the equations of motion can be solved in a moving frame of reference in order to avoid mapping the solution between old and new meshes and to avoid load balancing problems on parallel computers.The semi-implicit solution of the Monge–Ampère type equation involves a new linearisation of the Hessian term, and exponential maps are used to map from old to new meshes on the sphere. The determinant of the Hessian is evaluated as the change in volume between old and new mesh cells, rather than using numerical approximations to the gradients.OT meshes are generated to compare with centroidal Voronoi tessellations on the sphere and are found to have advantages and disadvantages; OT equidistribution is more accurate, the number of iterations to convergence is independent of the mesh size, face skewness is reduced and the connectivity does not change. However anisotropy is higher and the OT meshes are non-orthogonal.It is shown that optimal transport on the sphere leads to meshes that do not tangle. However, tangling can be introduced by numerical errors in calculating the gradient of the mesh potential. Methods for alleviating this problem are explored.Finally, OT meshes are generated using observed precipitation as a monitor function, in order to demonstrate the potential power of the technique
APOBEC3B-Mediated Cytidine Deamination Is Required for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer

SummaryEstrogen receptor α (ERα) is the key transcriptional driver in a large proportion of breast cancers. We report that APOBEC3B (A3B) is required for regulation of gene expression by ER and acts by causing C-to-U deamination at ER binding regions. We show that these C-to-U changes lead to the generation of DNA strand breaks through activation of base excision repair (BER) and to repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways. We provide evidence that transient cytidine deamination by A3B aids chromatin modification and remodelling at the regulatory regions of ER target genes that promotes their expression. A3B expression is associated with poor patient survival in ER+ breast cancer, reinforcing the physiological significance of A3B for ER action
S-functions, spectral functions of hyperbolic geometry, and vertex operators with applications to structure for Weyl and orthogonal group invariants

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the quantum homological invariants (the Poincaré polynomials of the slN link homology). In the case when the dimensions of homologies of appropriate topological spaces are precisely known, the procedure of the calculation of the Kovanov–Rozansky type homology, based on the Euler–Poincaré formula can be appreciably simplified. We express the formal character of the irreducible tensor representation of the classical groups in terms of the symmetric and spectral functions of hyperbolic geometry. On the basis of Labastida–Mariño–Ooguri–Vafa conjecture, we derive a representation of the Chern–Simons partition function in the form of an infinite product in terms of the Ruelle spectral functions (the cases of a knot, unknot, and links have been considered). We also derive an infinite-product formula for the orthogonal Chern–Simons partition functions and analyze the singularities and the symmetry properties of the infinite-product structures
Angular momentum – area – proportionality of extremal charged black holes in odd dimensions

AbstractExtremal rotating cohomogeneity-1 black holes in Einstein–Maxwell theory feature two branches. On the branch emerging from the Myers–Perry solutions their angular momentum is proportional to their horizon area, while on the branch emerging from the Tangherlini solutions their angular momentum is proportional to their horizon angular momentum. The transition between these branches occurs at a critical value of the charge, which depends on the value of the angular momentum. However, when a dilaton is included, the angular momentum is always proportional to the horizon area
TAILS N-Terminomics and Proteomics Show Protein Degradation Dominates over Proteolytic Processing by Cathepsins in Pancreatic Tumors

SummaryDeregulated cathepsin proteolysis occurs across numerous cancers, but in vivo substrates mediating tumorigenesis remain ill-defined. Applying 8-plex iTRAQ terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), a systems-level N-terminome degradomics approach, we identified cathepsin B, H, L, S, and Z in vivo substrates and cleavage sites with the use of six different cathepsin knockout genotypes in the Rip1-Tag2 mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. Among 1,935 proteins and 1,114 N termini identified by TAILS, stable proteolytic products were identified in wild-type tumors compared with one or more different cathepsin knockouts (17%–44% of 139 cleavages). This suggests a lack of compensation at the substrate level by other cathepsins. The majority of neo-N termini (56%–83%) for all cathepsins was consistent with protein degradation. We validated substrates, including the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 associated with the Warburg effect, the ER chaperone GRP78, and the oncoprotein prothymosin-alpha. Thus, the identification of cathepsin substrates in tumorigenesis improves the understanding of cathepsin functions in normal physiology and cancer
Source analysis of short and long latency vestibular-evoked potentials (VsEPs) produced by left vs. right ear air-conducted 500 Hz tone pips

AbstractTodd et al. (2014) have recently demonstrated the presence of vestibular dependent changes both in the morphology and in the intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) when passing through the vestibular threshold as determined by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). In this paper we extend this work by comparing left vs. right ear stimulation and by conducting a source analysis of the resulting evoked potentials of short and long latency. Ten healthy, right-handed subjects were recruited and evoked potentials were recorded to both left- and right-ear sound stimulation, above and below vestibular threshold. Below VEMP threshold, typical AEPs were recorded, consisting of mid-latency (MLR) waves Na and Pa followed by long latency AEPs (LAEPs) N1 and P2. In the supra-threshold condition, the expected changes in morphology were observed, consisting of: (1) short-latency vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs) which have no auditory correlate, i.e. the ocular VEMP (OVEMP) and inion response related potentials; (2) a later deflection, labelled N42/P52, followed by the LAEPs N1 and P2. Statistical analysis of the vestibular dependent responses indicated a contralateral effect for inion related short-latency responses and a left-ear/right-hemisphere advantage for the long-latency responses. Source analysis indicated that the short-latency effects may be mediated by a contralateral projection to left cerebellum, while the long-latency effects were mediated by a contralateral projection to right cingulate cortex. In addition we found evidence of a possible vestibular contribution to the auditory T-complex in radial temporal lobe sources. These last results raise the possibility that acoustic activation of the otolith organs could potentially contribute to auditory processing
Modeling the Role of Mid-Wavelength Cones in Circadian Responses to Light

SummaryNonvisual responses to light, such as photic entrainment of the circadian clock, involve intrinsically light-sensitive melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells as well as rod and cone photoreceptors. However, previous studies have been unable to demonstrate a specific contribution of cones in the photic control of circadian responses to light. Using a mouse model that specifically lacks mid-wavelength (MW) cones we show that these photoreceptors play a significant role in light entrainment and in phase shifting of the circadian oscillator. The contribution of MW cones is mainly observed for light exposures of short duration and toward the longer wavelength region of the spectrum, consistent with the known properties of this opsin. Modeling the contributions of the various photoreceptors stresses the importance of considering the particular spectral, temporal, and irradiance response domains of the photopigments when assessing their role and contribution in circadian responses to light
Evidence of the Coulomb-force effects in the cross-sections of the deuteron–proton breakup at 130 MeV

AbstractHigh precision cross-section data of the deuteron–proton breakup reaction at 130 MeV deuteron energy are compared with the theoretical predictions obtained with a coupled-channel extension of the CD Bonn potential with virtual Δ-isobar excitation, without and with inclusion of the long-range Coulomb force. The Coulomb effect is studied on the basis of the cross-section data set, extended in this work to about 1500 data points by including breakup geometries characterized by small polar angles of the two protons. The experimental data clearly prefer predictions obtained with the Coulomb interaction included. The strongest effects are observed in regions in which the relative energy of the two protons is the smallest
Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at s=13 TeV

AbstractA search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at s=13 TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions
Biological clustering supports both “Dutch” and “British” hypotheses of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous diseases.ObjectiveWe sought to determine, in terms of their sputum cellular and mediator profiles, the extent to which they represent distinct or overlapping conditions supporting either the “British” or “Dutch” hypotheses of airway disease pathogenesis.MethodsWe compared the clinical and physiological characteristics and sputum mediators between 86 subjects with severe asthma and 75 with moderate-to-severe COPD. Biological subgroups were determined using factor and cluster analyses on 18 sputum cytokines. The subgroups were validated on independent severe asthma (n = 166) and COPD (n = 58) cohorts. Two techniques were used to assign the validation subjects to subgroups: linear discriminant analysis, or the best identified discriminator (single cytokine) in combination with subject disease status (asthma or COPD).ResultsDiscriminant analysis distinguished severe asthma from COPD completely using a combination of clinical and biological variables. Factor and cluster analyses of the sputum cytokine profiles revealed 3 biological clusters: cluster 1: asthma predominant, eosinophilic, high TH2 cytokines; cluster 2: asthma and COPD overlap, neutrophilic; cluster 3: COPD predominant, mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic. Validation subjects were classified into 3 subgroups using discriminant analysis, or disease status with a binary assessment of sputum IL-1β expression. Sputum cellular and cytokine profiles of the validation subgroups were similar to the subgroups from the test study.ConclusionsSputum cytokine profiling can determine distinct and overlapping groups of subjects with asthma and COPD, supporting both the British and Dutch hypotheses. These findings may contribute to improved patient classification to enable stratified medicine
Fusion of 40Ca + 96Zr revisited: Transfer couplings and hindrance far below the barrier

AbstractThe sub-barrier fusion excitation function of 40Ca + 96Zr has been measured down to cross sections ≃2.4 μb, i.e. two orders of magnitude smaller than obtained in a previous experiment, where the sub-barrier fusion of this system was found to be greatly enhanced with respect to 40Ca + 90Zr, and the need of coupling to transfer channels was suggested relying on coupled-channels calculations. The purpose of this work has been to investigate the behavior of 40Ca + 96Zr fusion far below the barrier, thereby disentangling the elusive interplay of effects due to inelastic couplings, transfer couplings and, possibly, the appearance of the fusion hindrance. The smooth trend of the excitation function has been found to continue, and the logarithmic slope increases very slowly. No indication of hindrance shows up, and a comparison with 48Ca + 96Zr is illuminating in this respect. A new CC analysis of the complete excitation function has been performed, including explicitly one- and two-nucleon Q>0 transfer channels. Such transfer couplings bring significant cross section enhancements, even at the level of a few μb. Locating the hindrance threshold, if any, in 40Ca + 96Zr would require challenging measurements of cross sections in the sub-μb range
Fluorescence ratiometric detection of ligand-induced receptor internalization using extracellular coiled-coil tag–probe labeling

AbstractWe report a new method for the detection of ligand-induced receptor internalization by fluorescence ratiometric imaging of pH in endosomes in combination with a recently developed posttranslational labeling system based on the formation of a heterodimeric coiled-coil structure. The N-terminus of the β2-adrenergic receptor expressed on the cell surface was doubly labeled with pH-sensitive fluorescein and pH-insensitive tetramethylrhodamine. A significant increase in the tetramethylrhodamine-to-fluorescein fluorescence intensity ratio was observed after incubation with agonists in a concentration-dependent manner. This simple and accurate method of detecting the agonistic activity of receptors will be useful for high-throughput screening of drug candidates
Association of Open-Angle Glaucoma Loci With Incident Glaucoma in the Blue Mountains Eye Study

PurposeTo determine if open-angle glaucoma (OAG)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with incident glaucoma and if such genetic information is useful in OAG risk prediction.DesignCase-control from within a population-based longitudinal study.Methodsstudy population: Individuals aged over 49 years of age living in the Blue Mountains region west of Sydney and enrolled in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. observation: Cases for this sub-study (n = 67) developed incident OAG between baseline and 10-year visits, in either eye, while controls (n = 1919) had no evidence for OAG at any visit. All participants had an ocular examination and DNA genotyped for reported OAG risk SNPs. main outcome measure: Incident OAG.ResultsTwo loci also known to be associated with cup-to-disc ratio as well as OAG (9p21 near CDKN2B-AS1 and SIX1/SIX6) were both significantly associated with incident OAG in the Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort (P = .006 and P = .004, respectively). The TMCO1 locus was nominally associated (P = .012), while the CAV1/CAV2 and 8q22 loci were not associated. Multivariate logistic regression and neural network analysis both indicated that the genetic risk factors contributed positively to the predictive models incorporating traditional risk factors.ConclusionsThis study shows that previously reported genetic variations related to OAG and cup-to-disc ratio are associated with the onset of OAG and thus may become useful in risk prediction algorithms designed to target early treatment to those most at risk of developing glaucoma
Technological Perspectives of Silicone Heat Transfer Fluids for Concentrated Solar Power

AbstractSilicone based heat transfer fluids exhibit interesting properties for the application in solar thermal power plants like high thermal stability, very low freezing points and high environmental acceptability. In this paper, a new silicone based HTF (HELISOL® from Wacker Chemie AG) is investigated experimentally and economically in comparison to the eutectic mixture of biphenyland diphenyl oxide which is currently the most important fluid for the heat transfer in solar thermal parabolic power plants. It was found that HELISOL®forms less low boiling and gaseous compounds at 425°C in comparison to currently applied HTFs at only 400°C. The techno-economic comparison shows that the LCOE can be reduced by 5% using the silicone fluid
Constraints on two-neutron separation energy in the Borromean 22C nucleus

AbstractThe recently extracted matter radius of carbon isotope 22C allows us to estimate the mean-square distance of a halo neutron with respect to the center-of-mass of this nucleus. By considering this information, we suggest an energy region for an experimental investigation of the unbound 21C virtual state. Our analysis, in a renormalized zero-ranged three-body model, also indicates that the two-neutron separation energy in 22C is expected to be found below ∼0.4 MeV, where the 22C is approximated by a Borromean configuration with a pointlike 20C and two s-wave halo neutrons. A virtual-state energy of 21C close to zero, would make the 22C, within Borromean nuclei configurations, the most promising candidate to present an excited bound Efimov state or a continuum three-body resonance
Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA search for long-lived particles is performed using a data sample of 4.7 fb−1 from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the estimated background and lower limits, at 95% confidence level, are set on the mass of the long-lived particles in different scenarios, based on their possible interactions in the inner detector, the calorimeters and the muon spectrometer. Long-lived staus in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models are excluded up to a mass of 300 GeV for tanβ=5–20. Directly produced long-lived sleptons are excluded up to a mass of 278 GeV. R-hadrons, composites of gluino (stop, sbottom) and light quarks, are excluded up to a mass of 985 GeV (683 GeV, 612 GeV) when using a generic interaction model. Additionally two sets of limits on R-hadrons are obtained that are less sensitive to the interaction model for R-hadrons. One set of limits is obtained using only the inner detector and calorimeter observables, and a second set of limits is obtained based on the inner detector alone
Production of the S01 diproton in the pp→ppπ0 reaction at 0.8 GeV

AbstractThe pp→ppπ0 differential cross section has been measured with the ANKE spectrometer at COSY–Jülich for pion cms angles between 0° and 15.4° at a proton beam energy of 0.8 GeV. The selection of diproton pairs with an excitation energy Epp<3 MeV ensures that the final pp system is dominantly in the spin-singlet S01 state. The kinematics are therefore very similar to those of pp→dπ+ but with different spin and isospin transitions. The cross sections are over two orders of magnitude smaller than those of pp→dπ+ and show a forward dip that is even stronger than that seen at lower energies. The results should provide a crucial extra test of pion production models in nucleon–nucleon collisions
Bethe states of the XXZ spin-12 chain with arbitrary boundary fields

AbstractBased on the inhomogeneous T−Q relation constructed via the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz, the Bethe-type eigenstates of the XXZ spin-12 chain with arbitrary boundary fields are constructed. It is found that by employing two sets of gauge transformations, proper generators and reference state for constructing Bethe vectors can be obtained respectively. Given an inhomogeneous T−Q relation for an eigenvalue, it is proven that the resulting Bethe state is an eigenstate of the transfer matrix, provided that the parameters of the generators satisfy the associated Bethe Ansatz equations
Microscopic Calibration and Validation of Car-Following Models – A Systematic Approach

AbstractCalibration and validation techniques are crucial in assessing the descriptive and predictive power of car-following models and their suitability for analyzing traffic flow. Using real and generated floating-car and trajectory data, we systematically investigate following aspects: Data requirements and preparation, conceptional approach including local maximum-likelihood and global LSE calibration with several objective functions, influence of the data sampling rate and measuring errors, the effect of data smoothing on the calibration result, and model performance in terms of fitting quality, robustness, parameter orthogonality, completeness and plausible parameter values
Hydrodynamics of the Polyakov line in SU(Nc) Yang–Mills

AbstractWe discuss a hydrodynamical description of the eigenvalues of the Polyakov line at large but finite Nc for Yang–Mills theory in even and odd space-time dimensions. The hydro-static solutions for the eigenvalue densities are shown to interpolate between a uniform distribution in the confined phase and a localized distribution in the de-confined phase. The resulting critical temperatures are in overall agreement with those measured on the lattice over a broad range of Nc, and are consistent with the string model results at Nc=∞. The stochastic relaxation of the eigenvalues of the Polyakov line out of equilibrium is captured by a hydrodynamical instanton. An estimate of the probability of formation of a Z(Nc) bubble using a piece-wise sound wave is suggested
Supporting older and younger adults’ memory for recent everyday events: a prospective sampling study using SenseCam

This study measured the effect of a wearable camera, SenseCam, on older and younger adults’ memories of recently experienced everyday events. Participants used SenseCam to prospectively sample events from a typical week, which they recalled two weeks later. Recall was cued by a self-generated title only (control condition), by the title and forward-order SenseCam images, or by the title and random-order SenseCam images. In the control condition, older and younger adults’ memories were comparably episodic, but older adults recalled more semantic details. Both forward- and random-order SenseCam images were associated with increased episodic and semantic recall in both groups, and there was a small but significant effect of temporal order favouring the forward-order condition. These findings suggest that SenseCam is effective in supporting retrieval of memory for recent events, and the results of the temporal order manipulation also shed light on the mechanism of SenseCam’s effect