pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Non-incremental transient solution of the Rayleigh–Bénard convection model by using the PGD

This paper focuses on the non-incremental solution of transient coupled non-linear models, in particular the one related to the Rayleigh–Bénard flow problem that models natural thermal convection. For this purpose we are applying the so-called Proper Generalized Decomposition that proceeds by performing space-time separated representations of the different unknown fields involved by the flow model. This non-incremental solution strategy allows significant computational time savings and opens new perspectives for introducing some flow and/or fluid parameters as extra-coordinates
Measuring K 0 S K ± interactions using Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2 . 76 TeV

We present the first ever measurements of femtoscopic correlations between the Kos and K± particles. The analysis was performed on the data from Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV measured by the ALICE experiment. The observed femtoscopic correlations are consistent with final-state interactions proceeding via the a0(980) resonance. The extracted kaon source radius and correlation strength parameters for K os K- are found to be equal within the experimental uncertainties to those for K os K+ . Comparing the results of the present study with those from published identical-kaon femtoscopic studies by ALICE, mass and coupling parameters for the ao resonance  are tested. Our results are also compatible with the interpretation of the ao having a tetraquark structure instead of that of a diquark
Quantifying uncertainty in acoustic measurements of tidal flows using a 'Virtual' Doppler Current Profiler

Accurate characterisation of flows at tidal sites can enable the developers of tidal stream energy projects to design and model the loads on, and the performance of, tidal energy converters. Acoustic Doppler technology is versatile in the measurement of sea conditions; however, this technology can be limited in its effectiveness at measuring the small-scale kinematic fluctuations caused by waves and turbulence. A Virtual Doppler Current Profiler (VDCP) is used to sample a simulated tidal flow to understand the limitations of this type of measurement instrument whilst recording the small timescale kinematics of waves and turbulence in tidal currents. Results demonstrate the phase dependency of velocity measurements averaged between two acoustic beams and provide a theoretical error for wave and turbulence characteristics sampled under a range of conditions. Spectral moments of the subsurface longitudinal wave orbital velocities recorded by the VDCP can be between 0.1 and 9 times those measured at a point for certain turbulent current conditions, turbulence intensity measurements may vary between 0.2 and 1.5 times the inputted value in low wave conditions and turbulence length scale calculation can also vary hugely dependent on both current and wave conditions. The continuation of this work will enable effective comparison of a linear model for tidal flow kinematics against field measurements from UK tidal site data, and subsequently validate numerical models for the testing of tidal turbines
Revisiting the non-resonant Higgs pair production at the HL-LHC

We study the prospects of observing the non-resonant di-Higgs pair production
in the Standard Model (SM) at the high luminosity run of the 14 TeV LHC
(HL-LHC), upon combining multiple final states chosen on the basis of their
yield and cleanliness. In particular, we consider the $b\bar{b}\gamma \gamma,
b\bar{b} \tau^+ \tau^-, b\bar{b} WW^*, WW^*\gamma \gamma$ and $4W$ channels
mostly focusing on final states with photons and/or leptons and study 11 final
states. We employ multivariate analyses to optimise the discrimination between
signal and backgrounds and find it performing better than simple cut-based
analyses. The various differential distributions for the Higgs pair production
have non-trivial dependencies on the Higgs self-coupling ($\lambda_{hhh}$). We
thus explore the implications of varying $\lambda_{hhh}$ for the most sensitive
search channel for the double Higgs production, \textit{viz.},
$b\bar{b}\gamma\gamma$. The number of signal events originating from SM
di-Higgs production in each final state is small and for this reason
measurement of differential distributions may not be possible. Furthermore, we
consider various physics beyond the standard model scenarios to quantify the
effects of contamination while trying to measure the SM di-Higgs signals in
detail. In particular, we study generic resonant heavy Higgs decays to a pair
of SM-like Higgs bosons or to a pair of top quarks, heavy pseudoscalar decaying
to an SM-like Higgs and a $Z$-boson, charged Higgs production in association
with a top and a bottom quark and also various well-motivated supersymmetric
channels. We set limits on the cross-sections for the aforementioned new
physics scenarios, above which these can be seen as excesses over the SM
background and affect the measurement of Higgs quartic coupling. We also
discuss the correlations among various channels which can be useful to identify
the new physics model.Comment: Version 2; 70 pages, 17 figures and 26 tables; version accepted for
  publication in JHE
Microbiota-related Changes in Bile Acid & Tryptophan Metabolism are Associated with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Autism

peer-reviewedAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions worldwide. There is growing awareness that ASD is highly comorbid with gastrointestinal distress and altered intestinal microbiome, and that host-microbiome interactions may contribute to the disease symptoms. However, the paucity of knowledge on gut-brain axis signaling in autism constitutes an obstacle to the development of precision microbiota-based therapeutics in ASD. To this end, we explored the interactions between intestinal microbiota, gut physiology and social behavior in a BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of ASD. Here we show that a reduction in the relative abundance of very particular bacterial taxa in the BTBR gut – namely, bile-metabolizing Bifidobacterium and Blautia species, - is associated with deficient bile acid and tryptophan metabolism in the intestine, marked gastrointestinal dysfunction, as well as impaired social interactions in BTBR mice. Together these data support the concept of targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota for reversing gastrointestinal and behavioral symptomatology in ASD, and offer specific plausible targets in this endeavor.The APC Microbiome Institute is a research institute funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) through the Irish Government's National Development Plan. J.F·C, T.G.D, C.S., S.A.J. and C.G.M.G. are supported by SFI (Grant Nos. SFI/12/RC/2273). S.A.J is also funded by SFI-EU 16/ERA-HDHL/3358. J.F·C, C.S. and T.G.D have research support from Mead Johnson, Cremo, 4D Pharma, Suntory Wellness, and Nutricia. J.F.C, C.S., T.G.D and G.C. have spoken at meetings sponsored by food and pharmaceutical companies
Measurement of the semileptonic tt-bar gamma production cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement of the cross section for top quark-antiquark (tt-bar) pairs produced in association with a photon in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV is presented. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The signal is defined as the production of a tt-bar pair in association with a photon having a transverse energy larger than 25 GeV and an absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 1.44. The measurement is performed in the fiducial phase space corresponding to the semileptonic decay chain of the tt-bar pair, and the cross section is measured relative to the inclusive tt-bar pair production cross section. The fiducial cross section for associated tt-bar pair and photon production is found to be 127 +/- 27 (stat + syst) fb per semileptonic final state. The measured value is in agreement with the theoretical prediction
Crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magmas of the Karoo LIP on the basis of Al-in-olivine thermometry

Calculating reliable temperatures of Mg-rich magmas is problematic because melt composition and KD(Fe–Mg)ol–liq, the key parameters of many traditional thermometers, are difficult to constrain precisely. The recently developed Al-in-olivine thermometer [Coogan, L.A., Saunders, A.D., Wilson, R.N., 2014. Aluminium-in-olivine thermometry of primitive basalts: Evidence of an anomalously hot mantle source for large igneous provinces. Chemical Geology 368, 1–10] circumvents these problems by relying on the temperature-dependent exchange of Al between olivine and spinel crystallising in equilibrium with each other. This thermometer is used to re-evaluate the crystallisation temperatures of most Mg-rich magma type identified from the Karoo large igneous province (LIP), known as the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite. Previous temperature estimates for the suite were based on olivine–melt equilibria and indicated anomalously high crystallisation temperatures in excess of 1600 °C. We also present crystallisation temperatures for another Antarctic Karoo magma type, Group 3 dykes from Ahlmannryggen, which are derived from a pyroxene-rich mantle source. Our high-precision analysis of Al in olivine–spinel pairs indicate crystallisation temperatures from 1391 ± 42 °C to 1481 ± 35 °C for the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite (Fo88–92) and from 1253 ± 64 °C to 1303 ± 40 °C for the Group 3 dykes (Fo79–82). Although the maximum temperature estimates for the former are over 100 °C lower than the previously presented estimates, they are still ~ 200 °C higher than those calculated for mid-ocean ridge basalts using the same method. Although exact mantle potential temperatures are difficult to estimate, the presented results support elevated sub-Gondwanan upper mantle temperatures (generated by a mantle plume or internal mantle heating) during the generation of the Karoo LIP
Observation of the decay $B_s^0 \to \eta_c^\phi$ and evidence for $B_s^0 \to \eta_c\pi^+\pi^-$

A study of $B_s^0 \to \eta_c\phi$ and $B^0_s \to \eta_c \pi^+\pi^-$ decays is performed using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{−1}$, collected with the LHCb detector in Run 1 of the LHC. The observation of the decay $B_s^0 \to \eta_c\phi$ is reported, where the $\eta_c$ meson is reconstructed in the $p\overline{p}, K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^-, \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K^+K^-K^+K^-$ decay modes and the $\phi(1020)$ in the $K^+K^-$ decay mode. The decay $B_s^0 \to J/\psi\phi$ is used as a normalisation channel. Evidence is also reported for the decay $B_s^0 \to \eta_c\pi^+\pi^-$, where the $\eta_c$ meson is reconstructed in the $p\overline{p}$ decay mode, using the decay $B_s^0 \to J/\psi\pi^+\pi^-$ as a normalisation channel. The measured branching fractions are\ud
$\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \to \eta_c\phi) = (5.01 \pm 0.53 \pm 0.27 \pm 0.63) \times 10^{−4}$,\ud
$\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \to \eta_c\pi^+\pi^−) = (1.76 \pm 0.59 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.29) \times 10$^{−4}$,\ud
where in each case the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the external branching fractions
FeCoCp₃ molecular magnets as spin filters

Metallorganic molecules have been proposed as excellent spin filters in molecular spintronics because of the large spin polarization of their electronic structure. However, most of the studies involving spin transport have disregarded fundamental aspects such as the magnetic anisotropy of the molecule and the excitation of spin-flip processes during electron transport. Here, we study a molecule containing a Co and an Fe atom stacked between three cyclopentadienyl rings, which presents a large magnetic anisotropy and a S = 1. These figures are superior to other molecules with the same transition metal and improves the spin-filtering capacities of the molecule. Nonequilibrium Green's functions calculations based on density functional theory predict excellent spin-filtering properties both in tunnel and contact transport regimes. However, exciting the first magnetic state drastically reduces the current's spin polarization. Furthermore, a difference of temperature between electrodes leads to strong thermoelectric effects that also suppress spin polarization. Our study shows that in principle good molecular candidates for spintronics need to be confronted with inelastic and thermoelectric effects. (Graph Presented)
Hunkering down as disruption of community cohesion:

Contains fulltext :
                  121623.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)In this article Putnam’s claim, that persons in the US living in areas with high concentrations of ethnic minorities hunker down, is investigated in the Netherlands. Hunkering down is conceptualized and operationalized as: avoiding public spaces, refraining from social contacts and evaluating the neighbourhood unfavourably. Using multi-level modelling based on a representative sample of almost 60,000 persons, individual and contextual characteristics on three levels are linked to three
dimensions of (lack of) community cohesion. We found more significant effects of contextual characteristics at the level of neighbourhoods than at the level of municipalities. We found that the concentration of ethnic minorities in the neighbourhood contributes to the explanation of these three dimensions of community cohesion, however, these effects are relatively minor. Moreover, we found that indicators of economic poverty in the neighbourhood similarly determine these dimensions of hunkering down
Some discretizations of geometric evolution equations and the Ricci
  iteration on the space of Kahler metrics, I

In this article and in its sequel we propose the study of certain
discretizations of geometric evolution equations as an approach to the study of
the existence problem of some elliptic partial differential equations of a
geometric nature as well as a means to obtain interesting dynamics on certain
infinite-dimensional spaces. We illustrate the fruitfulness of this approach in
the context of the Ricci flow, as well as another flow, in Kahler geometry. We
introduce and study dynamical systems related to the Ricci operator on the
space of Kahler metrics that arise as discretizations of these flows. We pose
some problems regarding their dynamics. We point out a number of applications
to well-studied objects in Kahler and conformal geometry such as constant
scalar curvature metrics, Kahler-Ricci solitons, Nadel-type multiplier ideal
sheaves, balanced metrics, the Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality, energy
functionals and the geometry and structure of the space of Kahler metrics.
E.g., we obtain a new sharp inequality strengthening the classical
Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality on the two-sphere
Electron - nuclear recoil discrimination by pulse shape analysis

In the framework of the ``ULTIMA'' project, we use ultra cold superfluid 3He
bolometers for the direct detection of single particle events, aimed for a
future use as a dark matter detector. One parameter of the pulse shape observed
after such an event is the thermalization time constant. Until now it was
believed that this parameter only depends on geometrical factors and superfluid
3He properties, and that it is independent of the nature of the incident
particles. In this report we show new results which demonstrate that a
difference for muon- and neutron events, as well as events simulated by heater
pulses exist. The possibility to use this difference for event discrimination
in a future dark matter detector will be discussed.Comment: Proseedings of QFS 2007, Kazan, Russia; 8 pages, 4 figures. Submited
  to J. Low Temp. Phy
Spectral analysis of LMC X-2 with XMM/Newton: unveiling the emission
  process in the extragalactic Z-source

We present the results of the analysis of an archival observation of LMC X-2
performed with XMM/Newton. The spectra taken by high-precision instruments have
never been analyzed before. We find an X-ray position for the source that is
inconsistent with the one obtained by ROSAT, but in agreement with the Einstein
position and that of the optical counterpart. The correlated spectral and
timing behaviour of the source suggests that the source is probably in the
normal branch of its X-ray color-color diagram. The spectrum of the source can
be fitted with a blackbody with a temperature 1.5 keV plus a disk blackbody at
0.8 keV. Photoelectric absorption from neutral matter has an equivalent
hydrogen column of 4 x 10^{20} cm^{-2}. An emission line, which we identify as
the O VIII Lyman alpha line, is detected, while no feature due to iron is
detected in the spectrum. We argue that the emission of this source can be
straightforwardly interpreted as a sum of the emission from a boundary layer
between the NS and the disc and a blackbody component coming from the disc
itself. Other canonical models that are used to fit Z-sources do not give a
satisfactory fit to the data. The detection of the O VIII emission line (and
the lack of detection of lines in the iron region) can be due to the fact that
the source lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud.Comment: Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysic
The nonrelativistic limit of central-extended Poincaré group and some consequences for quantum actualization

The nonrelativistic limit of the centrally extended Poincaré group is considered and their consequences in the modal Hamiltonian interpretation of quantum mechanics are\ud
discussed [O. Lombardi and M. Castagnino, Stud. Hist. Philos. Mod. Phys 39, No.2, 380–443 (2008); J. Phys, Conf. Ser. 128, 012014 (2008)]. Through the assumption that in quantum field theory the Casimir operators of the Poincar´e group actualize, the nonrelativistic limit of the latter group yields to the actualization of the Casimir operators of the Galilei group, which is in agreement with the actualization rule of previous versions of modal Hamiltonian interpretatio
The Behavioural Semantics of Event-B Re finement

Event-B provides a flexible framework for stepwise system development via re finement. The framework supports steps for (a) re fining events (one-by-one), (b) splitting events (one-by-many), and (c) introducing new events. In each of the steps events can be indicated as convergent (to be made internal) or anticipated (treatment deferred to a later refi nement step). All such steps are accompanied with precise proof obligations. However, no behavioural semantics has been provided to validate the proof obligations, and no formal justifi cation has previously been given for the application of these rules in a re finement chain. Behavioural semantics expresses a clear relationship between the first and last machines in a re finement chain. The framework we present provides a coherent justi fication for Abrial's approach to re finement in Event-B, and its generalisation to interface extension: adding events to the interface. In this paper, we give a behavioural semantics for Event-B refi nement, with a treatment for the first time of splitting events and of anticipated events, adding to the well-understood treatment of convergent events. To this end, we de fine a CSP semantics for Event-B and show how the di fferent forms of Event-B refi nement can be captured as CSP re finement. It turns out that the appropriate CSP refi nement relationship is influenced by the particular Event-B development strategy taken. We present two such strategies, one allowing, the other disallowing interface extensions
Interacting HDE and NADE in Brans-Dicke Chameleon Cosmology

Motivated by the recent work of one of us [1], we generalize this work to the
case where the pressureless dark matter and the holographic dark energy do not
conserve separately but interact with each other. We investigate the
cosmological applications of interacting holographic dark energy in Brans-Dicke
theory with chameleon scalar field which is non-minimally coupled to the matter
field. We find out that in this model the phantom crossing can be constructed
if the model parameters are chosen suitably. We also perform the study for the
new agegraphic dark energy model and calculate some relevant cosmological
parameters and their evolution.Comment: 13 pages, version accepted at Phys. Lett.
First Measurement of the Cross Section for Top-Quark Pair Production in
  Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

The first measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in
pp collisions at the LHC at center-of-mass energy sqrt(s)= 7 TeV has been
performed using 3.1 {\pm} 0.3 inverse pb of data recorded by the CMS detector.
This result utilizes the final state with two isolated, highly energetic
charged leptons, large missing transverse energy, and two or more jets.
Backgrounds from Drell-Yan and non-W/Z boson production are estimated from
data. Eleven events are observed in the data with 2.1 {\pm} 1.0 events expected
from background. The measured cross section is 194 {\pm} 72 (stat.) {\pm} 24
(syst.) {\pm} 21 (lumi.) pb, consistent with next-to-leading order predictions
On the connection between probability boxes and possibility measures

We explore the relationship between possibility measures (supremum preserving
normed measures) and p-boxes (pairs of cumulative distribution functions) on
totally preordered spaces, extending earlier work in this direction by De
Cooman and Aeyels, among others. We start by demonstrating that only those
p-boxes who have 0-1-valued lower or upper cumulative distribution function can
be possibility measures, and we derive expressions for their natural extension
in this case. Next, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a
p-box to be a possibility measure. Finally, we show that almost every
possibility measure can be modelled by a p-box. Whence, any techniques for
p-boxes can be readily applied to possibility measures. We demonstrate this by
deriving joint possibility measures from marginals, under varying assumptions
of independence, using a technique known for p-boxes. Doing so, we arrive at a
new rule of combination for possibility measures, for the independent case.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure
Mass function of dark matter halos

We combine data from a number of N-body simulations to predict the abundance
of dark halos in Cold Dark Matter universes over more than 4 orders of
magnitude in mass. A comparison of different simulations suggests that the
dominant uncertainty in our results is systematic and is smaller than 10--30%
at all masses, depending on the halo definition used. In particular, our
``Hubble Volume'' simulations of \tcdm and \lcdm cosmologies allow the
abundance of massive clusters to be predicted with uncertainties well below
those expected in all currently planned observational surveys. We show that for
a range of CDM cosmologies and for a suitable halo definition, the simulated
mass function is almost independent of epoch, of cosmological parameters, and
of initial power spectrum when expressed in appropriate variables. This
universality is of exactly the kind predicted by the familiar Press-Schechter
model, although this model predicts a mass function shape which differs from
our numerical results, overestimating the abundance of ``typical'' halos and
underestimating that of massive systems.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, Minor changes. Accepted for publication in
  MNRA