pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Quantum Entanglement and Order Parameter in a Paired Finite Fermi System

We study the pairing correlations in a finite Fermi system from quantum
entanglement point of view. We investigate the relation between the order
parameter, which has been introduced recently to describe both finite and
infinite superconductors, and the concurrence. For a proper definition of the
concurrence, we argue that a possible generalization of spin flip
transformation is time reversal operation. While for a system with indefinite
number of particles concurrence is a good measure of entanglement, for a finite
system it does not distinguish between normal and superconducting states. We
propose that the expectation value of the radial operator for the total
pseudospin can be used to identify entanglement of pairing.Comment: submitted to Solid State Communications (the Festschrift in the honor
  of Prof. Salim Ciraci's 60th birthday
The Consistency of Causal Quantum Geometrodynamics and Quantum Field
  Theory

We consider quantum geometrodynamics and parametrized quantum field theories
in the framework of the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation. In the first case, and
following the lines of our previous work [1], where a hamiltonian formalism for
the bohmian trajectories was constructed, we show the consistency of the theory
for any quantum potential, completing the scenarios for canonical quantum
cosmology presented there. In the latter case, we prove the consistency of
scalar field theory in Minkowski spacetime for any quantum potential, and we
show, using this alternative hamiltonian method, a concrete example where
Lorentz invariance of individual events is broken.Comment: Final version. See also http://www.cosmologia.cbpf.b
Charm-anticharm baryon production asymmetries in photon-nucleon
  interactions

We report measurements of the charm-anticharm production asymmetries for
$\Lambda_c^+$, $\Sigma_c^{++}$, $\Sigma_c^0$, $\Sigma_c^{++*}$,
$\Sigma_c^{0*}$, and $\Lambda_c^+(2625)$ baryons from the Fermilab
photoproduction experiment FOCUS (E831). These asymmetries are integrated over
the region where the spectrometer has good acceptance. In addition, we have
obtained results for the photoproduction asymmetries of the $\Lambda_c$ baryons
as functions of $p_L$, $p_T^2$, and $x_F$. The integrated asymmetry for
$\Lambda_c^+$ production, $(\sigma_{\Lambda_c^+} - \sigma_{\Lambda_c^-}) /
(\sigma_{\Lambda_c^+} + \sigma_{\Lambda_c^-})$, is $0.111 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.012$,
significantly different from zero. The asymmetries of the excited states are
consistent with the $\Lambda_c$ asymmetry.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 1 tabl
Boolean Witt vectors and an integral Edrei-Thoma theorem

A subtraction-free definition of the big Witt vector construction was
recently given by the first author. This allows one to define the big Witt
vectors of any semiring. Here we give an explicit combinatorial description of
the big Witt vectors of the Boolean semiring. We do the same for two variants
of the big Witt vector construction: the Schur Witt vectors and the $p$-typical
Witt vectors. We use this to give an explicit description of the Schur Witt
vectors of the natural numbers, which can be viewed as the classification of
totally positive power series with integral coefficients, first obtained by
Davydov. We also determine the cardinalities of some Witt vector algebras with
entries in various concrete arithmetic semirings.Comment: Final version. To appear in Selecta Mat
Study of double parton scattering using W + 2-jet events in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Double parton scattering is investigated in proton-proton collisions at
sqrt(s) = 7 TeV where the final state includes a W boson, which decays into a
muon and a neutrino, and two jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated
luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC.
Observables sensitive to double parton scattering are investigated after being
corrected for detector effects and selection efficiencies. The fraction of W +
2-jet events due to double parton scattering is measured to be 0.055 +/- 0.002
(stat.) +/- 0.014 (syst.). The effective cross section, sigma[eff],
characterizing the effective transverse area of hard partonic interactions in
collisions between protons is measured to be 20.7 +/- 0.8 (stat.) +/- 6.6
(syst.) mb.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Ionisation in atmospheres of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets VI:
  Properties of large-scale discharge events

Mineral clouds in substellar atmospheres play a special role as a catalyst
for a variety of charge processes. If clouds are charged, the surrounding
environment becomes electrically activated, and ensembles of charged grains are
electrically discharging (e.g. by lightning), which significantly infuences the
local chemistry creating conditions similar to those thought responsible for
life in early planetary atmospheres. We note that such lightning discharges
contribute also to the ionisation state of the atmosphere. We apply scaling
laws for electrical discharge processes from laboratory measurements and
numerical experiments to Drift-Phoenix model atmosphere results to model the
discharge's propagation downwards (as lightning) and upwards (as sprites)
through the atmospheric clouds. We evaluate the spatial extent and energetics
of lightning discharges. The atmospheric volume affected (e.g. by increase of
temperature or electron number) is larger in a brown dwarf atmosphere ($10^8
-~10^{10}$m$^3$) than in a giant gas planet's ($10^4 -~10^{6}$m$^3$). Our
results suggest that the total dissipated energy in one event is $<10^{12}$ J
for all models of initial solar metallicity. First attempts to show the
infuence of lightning on the local gas phase indicate an increase of small
carbohydrate molecules like CH and CH$_2$ at the expense of CO and CH$_4$. Dust
forming molecules are destroyed and the cloud particle properties are frozen-in
unless enough time is available for complete evaporation. We summarise
instruments potentially suitable to observe lightning on extrasolar objects
Gas reservoir of a hyper-luminous QSO at z=2.6

Understanding the relationship between the formation and evolution of
galaxies and their central super massive black holes (SMBH) is one of the main
topics in extragalactic astrophysics. Links and feedback may reciprocally
affect both black hole and galaxy growth. Observations of the CO line at
redshifts of 2-4 are crucial to investigate the gas mass, star formation
activity and accretion onto SMBHs, as well as the effect of AGN feedback.
Potential correlations between AGN and host galaxy properties can be
highlighted by observing extreme objects. Despite their luminosity,
hyper-luminous QSOs at z=2-4 are still little studied at mm wavelengths. We
targeted CO(3-2) in ULAS J1539+0557, an hyper-luminos QSO (Lbol> 10^48 erg/s)
at z=2.658, selected through its unusual red colors in the UKIDSS Large Area
Survey (ULAS). We find a molecular gas mass of 4.1+-0.8 10^10 Msun, and a gas
fraction of 0.4-0.1, depending mostly on the assumed source inclination. We
also find a robust lower limit to the star-formation rate (SFR=250-1600
Msun/yr) and star-formation efficiency (SFE=25-350 Lsun/(K km s-1 pc2) by
comparing the observed optical-near-infrared spectral energy distribution with
AGN and galaxy templates. The black hole gas consumption timescale,
M(H_2)/dM(accretion)/dt, is ~160 Myr, similar or higher than the gas
consumption timescale. The gas content and the star formation efficiency are
similar to those of other high-luminosity, highly obscured QSOs, and at the
lower end of the star-formation efficiency of unobscured QSOs, in line with
predictions from AGN-galaxy co-evolutionary scenarios. Further measurements of
the (sub)-mm continuum in this and similar sources are mandatory to obtain a
robust observational picture of the AGN evolutionary sequence.Comment: Submitted to A&
Rotation and magnetism of Kepler pulsating solar-like stars. Towards
  asteroseismically calibrated age-rotation relations

Kepler ultra-high precision photometry of long and continuous observations
provides a unique dataset in which surface rotation and variability can be
studied for thousands of stars. Because many of these old field stars also have
independently measured asteroseismic ages, measurements of rotation and
activity are particularly interesting in the context of age-rotation-activity
relations. In particular, age-rotation relations generally lack good
calibrators at old ages, a problem that this Kepler sample of old-field stars
is uniquely suited to address. We study the surface rotation and photometric
magnetic activity of a subset of 540 solar-like stars on the main- sequence and
the subgiant branch for which stellar pulsations have been measured. The
rotation period was determined by comparing the results from two different
analysis methods: i) the projection onto the frequency domain of the
time-period analysis, and ii) the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the light
curves. Reliable surface rotation rates were then extracted by comparing the
results from two different sets of calibrated data and from the two
complementary analyses. We report rotation periods for 310 out of 540 targets
(excluding known binaries and candidate planet-host stars); our measurements
span a range of 1 to 100 days. The photometric magnetic activity levels of
these stars were computed, and for 61.5% of the dwarfs, this level is similar
to the range, from minimum to maximum, of the solar magnetic activity. We
demonstrate that hot dwarfs, cool dwarfs, and subgiants have very different
rotation-age relationships, highlighting the importance of separating out
distinct populations when interpreting stellar rotation periods. Our sample of
cool dwarf stars with age and metallicity data of the highest quality is
consistent with gyrochronology relations reported in the literature.Comment: Accepted in A&A. 15 pages, 11 figure
Anomalous Higgs couplings in angular asymmetries of H --> Zl+l- and e+e-
  --> HZ

We study in detail the impact of anomalous Higgs couplings in angular
asymmetries of the crossing-symmetric processes H --> Zl+l- and e+e- --> HZ.
Beyond Standard Model physics is parametrized in terms of the
SU(3)xSU(2)_LxU(1)_Y dimension-six effective Lagrangian. In the light of
present bounds on d = 6 interactions we study how angular asymmetries can
reveal non-standard CP-even and CP-odd couplings. We provide approximate
expressions to all observables of interest making transparent their dominant
dependence on anomalous couplings. We show that some asymmetries may reveal BSM
effects that are hidden in other observables. In particular, CP-even and CP-odd
d = 6 HZgamma couplings as well as (to a lesser extent) HZll contact
interactions can generate asymmetries at the several percent level, while
having small or no effects on the di-lepton invariant mass spectrum of H -->
Zl+l-. Finally, the higher di-lepton invariant mass probed in e+e- --> HZ leads
to interesting differences in the asymmetries with respect to those of H -->
Zl+l- that may lead to complementary anomalous coupling searches at the LHC and
e+e- colliders.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures. Minor changes, one additional figure (Fig. 5),
  one reference added (Ref. [34]). Matches published versio
Domain walls of D=5 supergravity and fixpoints of N=1 Super Yang Mills

Employing the AdS/CFT correspondence, we give an explicit supergravity picture for the renormalization group flow of couplings 4-d super Yang Mills with four supercharges. The solution represents a domain wall of 5-d, N=2 supergravity, that interpolates between two (different) $AdS_5$ vacua and is obtained by gauging a U(1) subgroup of the SU(2) R-symmetry. On the supergravity side the domain wall couples only to scalar fields from vector mulitplets, but not to scalars from hyper multiplets. We discuss the c-theorem, the $\beta$-functions and consider two examples: one is the sugra solution related to $Z_k$ orbifolds (corresponding to N=2 SYM) and the other is an orientfold construction for an elliptically fibered CY with $F_1$ basis (corresponding to N=1 SYM)
Constructing Classical and Quantum Superconformal Algebras on the Boundary of $AdS_{3}$

Motivated by recent progress on the correspondence between string theory onanti-de Sitter space and conformal field theory, we address the question ofconstructing space-time N extended superconformal algebras on the boundary ofAdS_3. Based on a free field realization of an affine SL(2|N/2) currentsuperalgebra residing on the world sheet, we construct explicitly the Virasorogenerators and the N supercurrents. N is even. The resulting superconformalalgebra has an affine SL(N/2) \otimes U(1) current algebra as an internalsubalgebra. Though we do not complete the general superalgebra, we outline theunderlying construction and present supporting evidence for its validity.Particular attention is paid to its BRST invariance. In the classical limitwhere the free field realization may be substituted by a differential operatorrealization, we discuss further classes of generators needed in the closure ofthe algebra. We find sets of half-integer spin fields, and for N>4 theseinclude generators of negative weights. An interesting property of theconstruction is that for N>2 it treats the supercurrents in an asymmetric way.Thus, we are witnessing a new class of superconformal algebras not obtainableby conventional Hamiltonian reduction. The complete classical algebra isprovided in the case N=4 and is of a new and asymmetric form
Partial breaking N=4 to N=2: hypermultiplet as a Goldstone superfield

We describe the partial breaking of $N=1 D=10$ supersymmetry down to $(1,0)
d=6$ supersymmetry within the non-linear realization approach. The basic
Goldstone superfield associated with this breaking is shown to be the $(1,0)
d=6$ hypermultiplet superfield $q^{ia}$ subjected to a non-linear
generalization of the standard hypermultiplet superfield constraint. The
dynamical equations implied by this constraint are identified as the manifestly
worldvolume supersymmetric equations of the Type I super 5-brane in D=10. We
give arguments in favour of existence of an appropriate brane extension of
off-shell hypermultiplet actions in harmonic superspace. Some related problems,
in particular, the issue of utilizing other $(1,0) d=6$ supermultiplets as
Goldstone ones, are shortly discussed.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, Talk given by E. Ivanov at the XI Int. Conference
  "Problems of Quantum Field Theory" (July 13-17, Dubna, Russia) and 32nd Int.
  Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles (September 1-5,
  Buckow, Germany), some misprints removed, a reference added, ref. [25]
  correcte
Integral representations of one dimensional projections for multivariate
  stable densities

We consider the numerical evaluation of one dimensional projections of
general multivariate stable densities introduced by Abdul-Hamid and Nolan
(1998). In their approach higher order derivatives of one dimensional densities
are used, which seem to be cumbersome in practice. Furthermore there are some
difficulties for even dimensions. In order to overcome these difficulties we
obtain the explicit finite-interval integral representation of one dimensional
projections for all dimensions. For this purpose we utilize the imaginary part
of complex integration, whose real part corresponds to the derivative of the
one dimensional inversion formula. We also give summaries on relations between
various parameterizations of stable multivariate density and its one
dimensional projection
Characterization of plasma thiol redox potential in a common marmoset model of aging☆

Due to its short lifespan, ease of use and age-related pathologies that mirror those observed in humans, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is poised to become a standard nonhuman primate model of aging. Blood and extracellular fluid possess two major thiol-dependent redox nodes involving cysteine (Cys), cystine (CySS), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Alteration in these plasma redox nodes significantly affects cellular physiology, and oxidation of the plasma Cys/CySS redox potential (EhCySS) is associated with aging and disease risk in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related changes in plasma redox metabolites and corresponding redox potentials (Eh) to further validate the marmoset as a nonhuman primate model of aging. We measured plasma thiol redox states in marmosets and used existing human data with multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) to model the relationships between age and redox metabolites. A classification accuracy of 70.2% and an AUC of 0.703 were achieved using the MARS model built from the marmoset redox data to classify the human samples as young or old. These results show that common marmosets provide a useful model for thiol redox biology of aging
On a kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo model of neuronal network

We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions of a McKean-Vlasov
evolution PDE representing the macroscopic behaviour of interacting
Fitzhugh-Nagumo neurons. This equation is hypoelliptic, nonlocal and has
unbounded coefficients. We prove existence of a solution to the evolution
equation and non trivial stationary solutions. Moreover, we demonstrate
uniqueness of the stationary solution in the weakly nonlinear regime.
Eventually, using a semigroup factorisation method, we show exponential
nonlinear stability in the small connectivity regime
Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Theory in Presence of a Boundary in the
  Light-Like Direction

In this paper, we will analyze a three dimensional supersymmetric
Chern-Simons theory on a manifold with a boundary. The boundary we will
consider in this paper will be defined by $n\cdot x=0$, where $n$ is a
light-like vector. It will be demonstrated that this boundary is preserved
under the action of the $SIM(1)$ subgroup of the Lorentz group. Furthermore,
the presence of this boundary will break half of the supersymmetry of the
original theory. As the original Chern-Simons theory had $\mathcal{N} =1$
supersymmetry in absence of a boundary, it will only have $\mathcal{N}=1/2$
supersymmetry in presence of this boundary. We will also observe that the
Chern-Simons theory can be made gauge invariant by introducing new degrees of
freedom on the boundary. The gauge transformation of these new degrees of
freedom will exactly cancel the boundary term obtained from the gauge
transformation of the Chern-Simons theory.Comment: 24 pages, Accepted in Nucl. Phys.
$c$-function and central charge of the sine-Gordon model from the
  non-perturbative renormalization group flow

In this paper we study the $c$-function of the sine-Gordon model taking
explicitly into account the periodicity of the interaction potential. The
integration of the $c$-function along trajectories of the non-perturbative
renormalization group flow gives access to the central charges of the model in
the fixed points. The results at vanishing frequency $\beta^2$, where the
periodicity does not play a role, are retrieved and the independence on the
cutoff regulator for small frequencies is discussed. Our findings show that the
central charge obtained integrating the trajectories starting from the
repulsive low-frequencies fixed points ($\beta^2 <8\pi$) to the infrared limit
is in good quantitative agreement with the expected $\Delta c=1$ result. The
behavior of the $c$-function in the other parts of the flow diagram is also
discussed. Finally, we point out that also including higher harmonics in the
renormalization group treatment at the level of local potential approximation
is not sufficient to give reasonable results, even if the periodicity is taken
into account. Rather, incorporating the wave-function renormalization (i. e.
going beyond local potential approximation) is crucial to get sensible results
even when a single frequency is used.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, v1, to be published on Nucl. Phys.
Sensitivity of tropical deep convection in global models: effects of horizontal resolution, surface constraints, and 3D atmospheric nudging

We investigate the ability of global models to capture the spatial patterns of tropical deep convection. Their sensitivity is assessed through changing horizontal resolution, surface flux constraints, and constraining background atmospheric conditions. We assess two models at typical climate and weather forecast resolutions. Comparison with observations indicates that increasing resolution generally improves the pattern of tropical convection. When the models are constrained with realistic surface fluxes and atmospheric structure, the location of convection improves dramatically and is very similar irrespective of resolution and parameterizations used in the models
A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels

The hypotheses that beta diversity should increase with decreasing latitude and increase with spatial extent of a region have rarely been tested based on a comparative analysis of multiple datasets, and no such study has focused on stream insects. We first assessed how well variability in beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities is predicted by insect group, latitude, spatial extent, altitudinal range, and dataset properties across multiple drainage basins throughout the world. Second, we assessed the relative roles of environmental and spatial factors in driving variation in assemblage composition within each drainage basin. Our analyses were based on a dataset of 95 stream insect metacommunities from 31 drainage basins distributed around the world. We used dissimilarity-based indices to quantify beta diversity for each metacommunity and, subsequently, regressed beta diversity on insect group, latitude, spatial extent, altitudinal range, and dataset properties (e.g., number of sites and percentage of presences). Within each metacommunity, we used a combination of spatial eigenfunction analyses and partial redundancy analysis to partition variation in assemblage structure into environmental, shared, spatial, and unexplained fractions. We found that dataset properties were more important predictors of beta diversity than ecological and geographical factors across multiple drainage basins. In the within-basin analyses, environmental and spatial variables were generally poor predictors of variation in assemblage composition. Our results revealed deviation from general biodiversity patterns because beta diversity did not show the expected decreasing trend with latitude. Our results also call for reconsideration of just how predictable stream assemblages are along ecological gradients, with implications for environmental assessment and conservation decisions. Our findings may also be applicable to other dynamic systems where predictability is low