pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An interactive 3D medical visualization system based on a light field display

We present a prototype medical data visualization system exploiting a light field display and custom direct volume rendering techniques to enhance understanding of massive volumetric data, such as CT, MRI, and PET scans. The system can be integrated with standard medical image archives and extends the capabilities of current radiology workstations by supporting real-time rendering of volumes of potentially unlimited size on light field displays generating dynamic observer-independent light fields. The system allows multiple untracked naked-eye users in a sufficiently large interaction area to coherently perceive rendered volumes as real objects, with stereo and motion parallax cues. In this way, an effective collaborative analysis of volumetric data can be achieved. Evaluation tests demonstrate the usefulness of the generated depth cues and the improved performance in understanding complex spatial structures with respect to standard techniques.883-893Pubblicat
Inverse cascade and symmetry breaking in rapidly rotating Boussinesq convection

International audienceIn this paper we present numerical simulations of rapidly-rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection in the Boussi-nesq approximation with stress-free boundary conditions. At moderately low Rossby number and large Rayleigh number, we show that a large-scale depth-invariant flow is formed, reminiscent of the condensate state observed in two-dimensional flows. We show that the large-scale circulation shares many similarities with the so-called vortex, or slow-mode, of forced rotating turbulence. Our investigations show that at a fixed rotation rate the large-scale vortex is only observed for a finite range of Rayleigh numbers, as the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the flow disappears at very high Rayleigh numbers. We observe slow vortex merging events and find a non-local inverse cascade of energy in addition to the regular direct cascade associated with fast small-scale turbulent motions. Finally, we show that cyclonic structures are dominant in the small-scale turbulent flow and this symmetry breaking persists in the large-scale vortex motion
Nonlinear disturbance evolution in a boundary layer along an elastic plate and induced radiated sound

The interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill’s equation in terms of a Green’s function in the wavenumber-frequency space.Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumptionsInternational audienceThe interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill’s equation in terms of a Green’s function in the wavenumber-frequency space.Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumption
Plasma ceramide, a real-time predictive marker of pulmonary and hepatic metastases response to stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with irinotecan.

International audienceEarly biomarkers of tumour response are needed to discriminate between responders and non-responders to radiotherapy. We evaluated the ability of ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, to predict tumour sensitivity in patients treated by hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with irinotecan chemotherapy. Plasma levels of total ceramide and of its subspecies were measured before and during treatment in 35 patients with liver and lung oligometastases of colorectal cancer included in a phase II trial. Cer levels were quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS and compared to tumour volume response evaluated one year later by CT-scan. Pretreatment plasma ceramide levels were not indicative of tumour response. Nevertheless, the levels of total ceramide and of its 4 main subspecies were significantly higher at days 3 and 10 of treatment in objective responders than in non-responders. According to Kaplan-Meier curves, almost complete tumour control was achieved at 1year in patients with increased total ceramide levels whereas 50% of patients with decreased levels experienced an increase in tumour volume. Total plasma ceramide is a promising biomarker of tumour response to SBRT combined with irinotecan that should enable to segregate patients with high risk of tumour escape
Gauge-invariance and asymptotic behavior for the Ginzburg-Landau equations of superconductivity

In this paper we study the gauge invariance of the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equations through the introduction of a model which uses observable variables. We observe that the various choices of gauge lead to a different representation of such variables and therefore to a different deﬁnition of the weak solution of the problem. With a suitable decomposition of the unknown ﬁelds, related to the choice of London gauge, we examine the Ginzburg–Landau equations and deduce some energy estimates which prove the existence of a maximal attractor for the system
Occupation time of exclusion processes with conductances

Em publicação em "Journal of statistical physics". ISSN 0022-4715.We obtain the fluctuations for the occupation time of one-dimensional symmetric exclusion processes with speed change, where the transition rates ({\em conductances}) are driven by a general function $W$. The approach does not require sharp bounds on the spectral gap of the system nor the jump rates to be bounded from above or below.  We present some examples and for one of them, we observe that the fluctuations of the current are trivial, but the fluctuations of the occupation time are given by a fractional Brownian Motion. This shows that, in general, the fluctuations of the current and of the occupation time are not of same order.CNPqFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)CAPE
Quantitative risk assessment for formalin treatment in fish preservation : food safety concern in local market in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, fishes are adulterated by hazardous chemicals at different steps from farm to consumers. Formalin (FA) is reported to be frequently added as preservative either by dipping or spraying to the fresh fishes by the fish traders while transporting to domestic marketing chain to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life. Thus, the objective of the present study was toconduct quantitative risk assessment (QRA) for formalin treated fish in Bangladesh. The probabilistic QRA of formalin treated fish was performed based on available secondary data. Availabledata on concentration of formalin in fish, daily fish consumption by the consumer and their body weight were used to estimate the risk of residual formalin to the consumers. Based on the data, three different scenarios (average consumption, two and four times of average consumption considered as scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were used for exposure analysis using @Risk program version 6.0.FA concentration in consumedfresh and cooked (boiling) fish was 5.34x10(-02) and 2.340x10(-02) (mg/kg bw/day), respectively and national average fish consumption was 200 g/day. QRA reveals that FA intake under scenario1 and 2 was lower than acceptable daily intake (ADI 0.2 mg/kg bw/day set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency) thus lower risk observed for both fresh and cooked fish. However, scenario 3 revealed that 0.01 % population was at risk (FA intake 0.21 mg/kg bw/day higher than ADI) upon the fresh fish consumption, where cooked fish (FA 9.38x10(-02) mg/kg bw/day) consumer remains safe at the same scenario. The result confirmed that cooking has significant effect to reduction of formalin. Therefore, probabilistic quantitative risk assessment of formalin treated fish could provide important risk information to the risk manager (government), whether the population is at risk or not? The result could be applied to establish effective risk management strategy in Bangladesh
Forward-central two-particle correlations in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 <|η| <4.0) and associated particles in the central range(|η| <1.0) are measured with the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02TeV. The trigger particles are reconstructed using the muon spectrometer, and the associated particles by the central barrel tracking detectors. In high-multiplicity events, the double-ridge structure, previously discovered in two-particle angular correlations at midrapidity, is found to persist to the pseudorapidity ranges studied in this Letter. The second-order Fourier coefficients for muons in high-multiplicity events are extracted after jet-like correlations from low-multiplicity events have been subtracted. The coefficients are found to have a similar transverse momentum(pT) dependence in p-going (p–Pb) and Pb-going (Pb–p) configurations, with the Pb-going coefficients larger by about 16 ±6%, rather independent of pTwithin the uncertainties of the measurement. The data are compared with calculations using the AMPT model, which predicts a different pTand ηdependence than observed in the data. The results are sensitive to the parent particle v2and composition of reconstructed muon tracks, where the contribution from heavy flavour decays is expected to dominate at pT>2GeV/c
QCD phase transition at real chemical potential with canonical approach

We study the finite density phase transition in the lattice QCD at real chemical potential. We adopt a canonical approach and the canonical partition function is constructed for N f = 2 QCD. After derivation of the canonical partition function we calculate observables like the pressure, the quark number density, its second cumulant and the chiral condensate as a function of the real chemical potential. We covered a wide range of temperature region starting from the confining low to the deconfining high temperature; 0.65T c ≤ T ≤ 3.62T c . We observe a possible signal of the deconfinement and the chiral restoration phase transition at real chemical potential below T c starting from the confining phase. We give also the convergence range of the fugacity expansion
Studies on caspase signaling in microglia

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the roles of caspase-8 and caspase-3 in microglia and
in brain disorders, beyond their function in apoptosis.



Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system and act as the first line of
defense against invading pathogens and other types of brain insults. They are important for
normal brain homeostasis and can get rapidly activated upon infection or damage in the brain.
However, dysregulated and overactivated microglia have also been reported to cause
neurotoxicity and can further contribute to the damage in neurodegenerative diseases.



Caspases are a family of proteases that are important for signaling pathways controlling cell
death, inflammation, proliferation and differentiation. Caspase-8 and -3 are well known for
their functions in apoptosis, but can also be involved in other processes. We have earlier
shown that upon pro-inflammatory stimuli, microglia activate caspase-8 and -3/7 which
regulate their activation through a PKCδ-dependent pathway, without triggering of cell death.



In the first paper we investigate why caspase-3 under some circumstances kills the cells, but
under others, like activation of microglia, does not. We show that upon pro-inflammatory
stimuli of microglia, cIAP2 regulates the processing of caspase-3 so that it remains in the
cytoplasm. Under cell death conditions caspase-3 can be fully processed and thereby enter the
nucleus and exert its apoptotic functions.



In order to provide genetic evidence of caspase control of microglia activation, we have
created a model in which caspase-8 is conditionally knocked out in microglia. The CASP8
knock-out mice showed a reduction in pro-inflammatory activated microglia, which were
associated with reduced neurotoxicity in a mouse model of Parkinson´s disease. We are also
presenting data on the temporal and spatial activation of caspase-8 and -3 in microglia cells in
human subjects who suffered a stroke. In the last paper we screened for genes involved in the
metabolism of amyloid precursor protein in patients with late-onset Alzheimer´s disease.
Significant association was found for rare variants of CASP8 and late-onset of the disease.
For two of the variants we performed functional studies, which indicated an altered caspase-8
protein expression and reduced enzymatic activity.



In summary, we have provided genetic evidence for caspase regulation of microglia proinflammatory activation and described a mechanism for how caspases prevent killing of cells
during activation. We also describe the expression pattern of caspases in microglia cells after
stroke, and provide evidence of rare mutations in caspase-8 associated with late-onset
Alzheimer´s disease
Indirect controllability of some linear parabolic systems of m equations
  with m-1 controls involving coupling terms of zero or first order

This paper is devoted to the study of the null and approximate
controllability for some classes of linear coupled parabolic systems with less
controls than equations. More precisely, for a given bounded domain in R^N, we
consider a system of m linear parabolic equations (m > 2) with coupling terms
of first and zero order, and m-1 controls localized in some arbitrary nonempty
open subset. In the case of constant coupling coefficients, we provide a
necessary and sufficient condition to obtain the null or approximate
controllability in arbitrary small time. In the case m = 2 and N = 1, we also
give a generic sufficient condition to obtain the null or approximate
controllability in arbitrary small time for general coefficients depending on
the space and times variables, provided that the supports of the coupling terms
intersect the control domain. The results are obtained thanks to the fictitious
control method together with an algebraic method and some appropriate Carleman
estimates
The value of psychological flexibility: Examining psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for burnout

Little is known of the mechanisms by which interventions for burnout work. Employees of a UK government department were randomly assigned to either a worksite group-based CBT intervention called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; n=43), which aimed to increase participants' psychological flexibility, or a waiting list control group (n=57). The ACT group received three half-day sessions of training spread over two and a half months. Data were collected at baseline (T1), at the beginning of the second (T2) and third (T3) workshops, and at six months' follow up (T4). Consistent with ACT theory, analyses revealed that, in comparison to the control group, a significant increase in psychological flexibility from T2 to T3 in the ACT group mediated the subsequent T2 to T4 decrease in emotional exhaustion in that group. Consistent with a theory of emotional burnout development, this significant decrease in emotional exhaustion from T2 to T4 in the ACT group appeared to prevent the significant T3 to T4 increase in depersonalization seen in the control group. Strain also decreased from T2 to T3 in the ACT group only, but no mediator of that improvement was identified. Implications for theory and practice in the fields of ACT and emotional burnout are discussed
The Aarhus statement: improving design and reporting of studies on early cancer diagnosis.

PublishedConsensus Development ConferenceGuidelineJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tEarly diagnosis is a key factor in improving the outcomes of cancer patients. A greater understanding of the pre-diagnostic patient pathways is vital yet, at present, research in this field lacks consistent definitions and methods. As a consequence much early diagnosis research is difficult to interpret. A consensus group was formed with the aim of producing guidance and a checklist for early cancer-diagnosis researchers. A consensus conference approach combined with nominal group techniques was used. The work was supported by a systematic review of early diagnosis literature, focussing on existing instruments used to measure time points and intervals in early cancer-diagnosis research. A series of recommendations for definitions and methodological approaches is presented. This is complemented by a checklist that early diagnosis researchers can use when designing and conducting studies in this field. The Aarhus checklist is a resource for early cancer-diagnosis research that should promote greater precision and transparency in both definitions and methods. Further work will examine whether the checklist can be readily adopted by researchers, and feedback on the guidance will be used in future updates.This work was funded by the Cancer Research UK and the Department of Health in England through its National Awareness and Early Diagnosis Initiative. We would like to thank the international expert reference group for their guidance and feedback
Gravitational torques imply molecular gas inflow towards the nucleus of M 51

PublishedJournal Article© 2016 ESO.The transport of gas towards the centre of galaxies is critical for black hole feeding and, indirectly, it can control active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. We have quantified the molecular gas inflow in the central R< 1 kpc of M 51 to be 1 M⊙/yr, using a new gravitational torque map and the molecular gas traced by the Plateau de Bure Interferometer Arcsecond Whirlpool Survey (PAWS). The nuclear stellar bar is responsible for this gas inflow. We also used torque profiles to estimate the location of dynamical resonances, and the results suggest a corotation for the bar CRbar ∼ 20″, and a corotation for the spiral CRsp ∼ 100″. We demonstrate how important it is to correct 3.6 μm images for dust emission when gravitational torques are to be computed, and we examine further sources of uncertainty. Our observational measurement of gas inflow can be compared with nuclear molecular outflow rates and provide useful constraints for numerical simulations.The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for a helpful report, as well as Daniela Calzetti, Nick Z. Scoville and Mari Polletta for making the HST/F190N mosaic available to us. We also appreciate valuable comments from Françoise Combes and Sebastian Haan. We acknowledge financial support to the DAGAL network from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007- 2013/ under REA grant agreement number PITN-GA-2011-289313. M.Q. acknowledges the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD). S.G.B. thanks support from Spanish grant AYA2012-32295. J.P. acknowledges support from the CNRS programme “Physique et Chimie du Milieu Interstellaire” (PCMI). M.Q., S.E.M., D.C. and A.H. acknowledge funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via grants SCHI 536/7-2,SCHI 536/5-1, and SCHI 536/7-1 as part of the priority program SPP 1573 “ISM-SPP: Physics of the Interstellar Medium”
Mesh, graft, or standard repair for women having primary transvaginal anterior or posterior compartment prolapse surgery : two parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled trials (PROSPECT)

Acknowledgments The project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 07/60/18). The Health Services Research Unit and the Health Economics Research Unit are funded by the Chief Scientist Oﬃce of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. The authors wish to thank the women who participated in the PROSPECT study. We also thank Margaret MacNeil for her secretarial support and data management; Dawn McRae and Lynda Constable for their trial management support; the programming team in CHaRT, led by Gladys McPherson; members of the Project Management Group for their ongoing advice and support of the study; and the staﬀ at the recruitment sites who facilitated the recruitment, treatment and follow-up of study participants. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reﬂect those of the UK Health Technology Assessment Programme, the National Institute of Health Research, the National Health Service, or the Department of Health.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Prospective motion correction of 3D echo-planar imaging data for functional MRI using optical tracking.

We evaluated the performance of an optical camera based prospective motion correction (PMC) system in improving the quality of 3D echo-planar imaging functional MRI data. An optical camera and external marker were used to dynamically track the head movement of subjects during fMRI scanning. PMC was performed by using the motion information to dynamically update the sequence's RF excitation and gradient waveforms such that the field-of-view was realigned to match the subject's head movement. Task-free fMRI experiments on five healthy volunteers followed a 2×2×3 factorial design with the following factors: PMC on or off; 3.0mm or 1.5mm isotropic resolution; and no, slow, or fast head movements. Visual and motor fMRI experiments were additionally performed on one of the volunteers at 1.5mm resolution comparing PMC on vs PMC off for no and slow head movements. Metrics were developed to quantify the amount of motion as it occurred relative to k-space data acquisition. The motion quantification metric collapsed the very rich camera tracking data into one scalar value for each image volume that was strongly predictive of motion-induced artifacts. The PMC system did not introduce extraneous artifacts for the no motion conditions and improved the time series temporal signal-to-noise by 30% to 40% for all combinations of low/high resolution and slow/fast head movement relative to the standard acquisition with no prospective correction. The numbers of activated voxels (p&lt;0.001, uncorrected) in both task-based experiments were comparable for the no motion cases and increased by 78% and 330%, respectively, for PMC on versus PMC off in the slow motion cases. The PMC system is a robust solution to decrease the motion sensitivity of multi-shot 3D EPI sequences and thereby overcome one of the main roadblocks to their widespread use in fMRI studies