pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
N=1 Dualities of SO and USp Gauge Theories and T-Duality of String Theory

Extending recent work on SU gauge theory, we engineer local string models for N=1 four-dimensional SO and USp gauge theories coupled to matter in the fundamental. The local models are type IIB orientifolds with D7 branes on a curved orientifold 7-plane, and matter realized by adding D3 branes on the orientifold plane. The Higgs branches of the SO and USp theories can be matched with the moduli spaces of SO and USp instantons on the compact four-dimensional part of the D7 branes worldvolume. The R-charge of the gauge theories is identified with a U(1) symmetry on the worldvolume of an Euclidean D3 brane instanton. We argue that the quantum field theory dualities of these gauge theories arise from T-dualities of type IIB strings exchanging D7 and D3 charges. A crucial role is played by the induced D3 charge of D7 branes and an orientifold 7-plane, both partially compactified on a $Z_2$ orbifold of K3
When work keeps us apart: a thematic analysis of the experience of business travellers

Whilst business travel is deemed important for organizational success and economic outcomes, little is known about the actual process of business travelling from the perspective of individuals who undertake such travel on a regular basis. Thus the current qualitative study examined how business travellers (three women and eight men) attempt to find a balance between work and family, by focusing on how time together and time apart are experienced. The results can be interpreted and framed within work/family border theory in that business travellers’ borders are less defined and less permeable, thus requiring them to border-cross more frequently. This necessitates a process of negotiation with key border-keepers (their spouse/partner). Business travellers also undertake compensatory behaviours to make up for their time away from family. In order to find a work/family balance they go through a process of adapting, negotiating and tailoring their lives around their work commitments to alleviate work-life conflict
Estimation of the electron beam-induced specimen heating and the emitted X-rays spatial resolution by Kossel microdiffraction in a scanning electron microscope

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304399112000307A Kossel microdiffraction experimental setup has been developed inside a Scanning Electron Micro-scope for crystallographic orientation, strain and stress determination at a micrometer scale. This paper reports an estimation of copper and germanium specimens heating due to the electron beam bombardment. The temperature rise is calculated from precise lattice parameters measurement considering different currents induced in the specimens. The spatial resolution of the technique is then deduced
Cold Baryogenesis from first principles in the two-Higgs doublet model with fermions

We present a first-principles numerical computation of the baryon asymmetry in electroweak-scale baryogenesis. For the scenario of Cold Baryogenesis, we consider a one fermion-family reduced CP-violating two Higgs-doublet model, including a classical SU(2)-gauge/two-Higgs sector coupled to one quantum left-handed fermion doublet and two right-handed singlets. Separately, the C(CP) breaking of the two-Higgs potential and the C and P breaking of the gauge-fermion interactions do not provide a baryon asymmetry. Only when combined does baryogenesis occur. Through large-scale computer simulations, we compute the asymmetry for one particularly favourable scalar potential. The numerical signal is at the boundary of what is numerically discernible with the available computer resources, but we tentatively find an asymmetry of | η | ≤ 3.5 × 10 −7
Dipolar dark matter in light of the 3.5 keV x-ray line, neutrino mass, and LUX data

A simple extension of the standard model (SM) providing transient magnetic moments to right-handed neutrinos is presented. In this model, the decay of the next-to-lightest right-handed heavy neutrino to the lightest one and a photon (N2→N1+γ) can explain the ∼3.5  keV x-ray line signal observed by the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. Beside the SM particles and heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos, the model contains a singly charged scalar (H±) and an extra Higgs doublet (Σ). Within this minimal set of extra fields the sub-eV masses of left-handed neutrinos are also explained. Moreover, we show that the spin-independent dark matter–nucleon cross section is compatible with the latest LUX data
Temporal trends in bulk milk antibodies to Salmonella, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in Irish dairy herds

peer-reviewedBulk milk samples were collected from 309 Irish dairy herds at four time points during 2009 and tested for antibodies to Salmonella spp., N. caninum, and L. hardjo, three abortifacient agents in Irish dairy herds. Of the 312 study herds, 49% vaccinated against Salmonella and 76% vaccinated against L. hardjo. In unvaccinated herds, the overall prevalence of antibody positive herds was 49% for Salmonella, 19% for N. caninum and 86% for L. hardjo. There was no association between both testing positive for and incidence of Salmonella or L. hardjo on sample date and calving season. A significant association was found between sample date and both testing positive for [p = <0.0001 OR = 2.41 (95% CI 1.54–3.80)] and incidence [p = 0.001 OR = 3.10 (95% CI 1.72–5.57)] of N. caninum. No association with region of Ireland was found for either testing positive for or incidence of N. caninum, or L. hardjo. There was however a tendency towards a higher incidence of Salmonella in regions of Ireland with higher cattle densities
Mold allergen sensitization in adult asthma according to integrin β3 polymorphisms and Toll-like receptor 2/+596 genotype.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Integrin β3 (ITGB3) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are candidate genes for asthma and sensitization to mold allergens. Integrin β3 forms a complex with TLR2, and this biological interaction is required for the response of monocytes to TLR2 agonists such as fungal glucan. OBJECTIVE: To study whether genetic interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding the TLR2-ITGB3 complex enhances susceptibility to mold sensitization. METHODS: Association analysis was conducted in 1243 adults (524 with asthma) who participated in the follow-up of the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma. Allergic sensitization to mold allergens was determined by skin prick testing. Association of mold sensitization with 14 ITGB3 SNPs was tested under an additive genetic model. Interaction between ITGB3 SNPs and TLR2/+596, which was previously shown to be associated with asthma, was studied. RESULTS: A positive skin prick test to mold was found in 115 subjects with asthma (22.0%) and in 61 subjects without asthma (8.5%). The ITGB3 rs2056131 A allele was associated with mold sensitization in subjects with asthma with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.60 (0.43-0.83; P = .001). Ten other ITGB3 SNPs were significantly associated with mold sensitization in TLR2/+596TT subjects with asthma (P = .03-.002), whereas much weaker associations were found in carriers of the TLR2/+596 C allele (P = .60-.04). Interaction between TLR2/+596 and these ITGB3 SNPs was statistically significant (P interaction = .05-.001). CONCLUSION: TLR2/+596 genotype may influence the association between ITGB3 SNPs and mold sensitization in adults with asthma
A high-resolution stable isotopic record from the Junggar Basin (NW China): Implications for the paleotopographic evolution of the Tianshan Mountains

International audienceThis study presents high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotopic records of paleosol carbonates from fluvial sediments and lacustrine carbonates, sampled from the Jingou He and Kuitun He stratigraphic sections, located in the northern Tianshan piedmont. These sections expose remarkable outcrops of Junggar foreland basin sediments that have been previously dated by high-resolution magnetostratigraphy to between ∼23.6 and ∼1 Ma, and ∼10.5 and ∼3.1 Ma. A total of 216 samples of fluvio-lacustrine sediments were collected from which isotopic analyses yield δ18O (SMOW) values that range from 13.7‰ to 29.9‰ in the Jingou He section, and 16.3‰ to 21.0‰ in the Kuitun He section. δ13C (PDB) values range from −12.9‰ to 3.0‰ in the Jingou He section and from −7.8‰ to −4.0% in the Kuitun He section. δ18O values decrease between ∼25 and 23 Ma, and then remain relatively steady, with the exception of one period that contains samples with higher oxygen isotope values at ∼16 Ma. During the periods when there are samples that overlap in time from the Kuitun He and Jingou He sections, we observe a difference of ∼1.7% between values from the two locales. The δ13C values also decrease between ∼25 and 23 Ma, and then remain relatively steady until ∼10 Ma with, again, one short period of higher values at ∼16 Ma. Then, between ∼10 and 3.1 Ma, carbon isotope values progressively increase. We interpret that δ18O and δ13C isotopic values during lacustrine periods (∼25-23 Ma and ∼16 Ma) as largely controlled by evaporation and opening/closing of the lake to external inputs. We interpret the δ18O values of paleosol carbonate in the Junggar Basin to be influenced by the hypsometry of the high Tianshan range while the δ13C values may record the uplift history of the depositional area in the foreland basin itself as well as the isotopic composition of plants. Consequently, we conclude that the Jingou He and Kuitun He drainage basins in the Central Tianshan have remained at relatively unchanged elevations for the past ∼20 Ma. We also suggest that the elevation of the southern part of the foreland basin increased between ∼10 and ∼3.1 Ma, probably as a result of tectonic deformation in the piedmont and sedimentary filling of the sedimentary basin. The carbon isotope record remains relatively stable through time, and isotopic values suggest that there was little or no expansion of C4 plants in this region in the late Miocene
Importance of Phase Changes in Titan's Lower Atmosphere. Tools for the Study of Nucleation

39 pagesThe uncertainty about possible supersaturation of methane, condensation of volatile species and the existence of clouds in Titan's lower atmosphere affects our understanding of photochemistry, the nature of the surface and the atmospheric thermal structure. Indeed, photochemistry depends on the depth of penetration of energetic photons, affected by methane abundance. Radar and infrared observations of bright surface regions have been explained by rain washing of highlands. As for the thermal profile, it is sensitive to CH4-N2 gas opacity, cloud opacity and could be influenced by latent heat exchange. A rudimentary model with no methane supersaturation and gas transport by eddy diffusion indicates a methane latent heat release of 0.2 W m-2 between 20 and 30 km altitude for a surface mole fraction of 4.4 % and an eddy diffusion coefficient of 0.2 m2 s-1. Description of nucleation seems to be one of the first improvements which should be included in a model of phase changes. The suspicion of difficult methane nucleation comes from analysis of Voyager IRIS spectra. Moreover, species are expected to condense to the solid phase, which excludes very efficient nucleation and condensation processes associated with the presence of a liquid phase, such as deliquescence. The classical theory of heterogeneous nucleation, despite its deficiencies, is employed in atmospheric models, owing to its general nature and relative simplicity. Yet, it requires physical quantities for which experimental values do not exist. We show how surface free enthalpies of solids and contact angles may be linked to other material properties which are within reach of laboratory experiments, mainly ultraviolet absorption spectra of solid phases. We find that a value of 10^{-9} s-1 - 10^{-7} s-1 for the 'critical nucleation rate' (per nucleus) is adapted to the case of Titan, though we question the ability of the critical rate concept to make predictions for the condensation altitudes. A possible consequence of difficult methane nucleation is periodic evolution of the lower atmosphere, on a time scale of the order of 10^2 years
Structure and evolution of the Demerara Plateau, offshore French Guiana : rifting, tectonic inversion and post-rift tilting at transform-divergent margins intersection

International audienceWe present the structure and evolution of the eastern part of the Demerara plateau, offshore French Guiana, from the analysis of geophysical data collected during GUYAPLAC cruise. This area is located at the intersection of a transform segment and a divergent segment of a continental margin related to the Early Cretaceous opening of the Equatorial Atlantic. The main structures are NNE-SSW to NNW-SSE trending normal faults on the eastern edge of the plateau, and WNW-ESE to NW-SE trending acoustic basement ridges on its northern edge. When replaced in their Albian position, these structures appear to be parallel to the coeval oceanic accretion axis and transform faults, respectively. The most striking structures are related to a post-rift but syn-transform tectonic inversion, producing E-W to WNW-ESE trending folds, sealed by a regional unconformity. This shortening can not be related to ridge push, but is probably related to a plate kinematic change 105 My ago, that modified the deformation in the vicinity of the transform fault. Late post-rift evolution also includes a significant Tertiary oceanward tilt of the edge of the Demerara plateau. The driving mechanism of this late tilt is unclear, but may be related to a lithospheric flexure resulting from the loading of the abyssal plain by the Orinoco and Amazon deep-sea fans
Gas emissions due to magma-sediment interactions during flood magmatism at the Siberian Traps: gas dispersion and environmental consequences.

International audienceWe estimate the fluxes of extremely reduced gas emissions produced during the emplacement of the Siberian Traps large igneous province, due to magma intrusion in the coaliferous sediments of the Tunguska Basin. Using the results of a companion paper (Iacono-Marziano et al. submitted to EPSL), and a recent work about low temperature interaction between magma and organic matter (Svensen et al., 2009), we calculate CO-CH4-dominated gas emission rates of 7×1015-2×1016 g/yr for a single magmatic/volcanic event. These fluxes are 7 to 20 times higher than those calculated for purely magmatic gas emissions, in the absence of interaction with organic matter-rich sediments. We investigate, by means of atmospheric modelling employing present geography of Siberia, the short and mid term dispersion of these gas emissions into the atmosphere. The lateral propagation of CO and CH4 leads to an important perturbation of the atmosphere chemistry, consisting in a strong reduction of the radical OH concentration. As a consequence, both CO and CH4 lifetimes in the lower atmosphere are enhanced by a factor of at least 3, at the continental scale, as a consequence of 30 days of magmatic activity. The short-term effect of the injection of carbon monoxide and methane into the atmosphere is therefore to increase the residence times of these two species and, in turn, their capacity of geographic expansion. The estimated CO and CH4 volume mixing ratios (i.e. the number of molecules of CO or CH4 per cm3, divided by the total number of molecules per cm3) in the low atmosphere are 2-5 ppmv at the continental scale and locally higher than 50 ppmv. The dimension of the area affected by these high volume mixing ratios decreases in the presence of a lava flow accompanying magma intrusion at depth. Complementary calculations for a 10-year duration of the magmatic activity suggest (i) an increase in the mean CH4 volume mixing ratio of the whole atmosphere up to values 3 to 15 times higher than the current one, and (ii) recovery times of 100 years to bring back the atmospheric volume mixing ratio of CH4 to the pre-magmatic value. Thermogenic methane emissions from the Siberian Traps has already been proposed to crucially contribute to end Permian-Early Triassic global warming and to the negative carbon isotopic shift observed globally in both marine and terrestrial sediments. Our results corroborate these hypotheses and suggest that concurrent high temperature CO emissions also played a key role by contributing to increase (i) the radiative forcing of methane and therefore in its global warming potential, and (ii) the input of isotopically light carbon into the atmosphere that generated the isotopic excursion. We also speculate a poisoning effect of high carbon monoxide concentrations on end-Permian fauna, at a local scale
Design challenges of EO polymer based leaky waveguide deflector for 40 Gs/s all-optical analog-to-digital converters

International audienceDesign challenges and performance optimization of an all-optical analog-to-digital converter (AOADC) is presented here. The paper addresses both microwave and optical design of a leaky waveguide optical deflector using electro-optic (E–O) polymer. The optical deflector converts magnitude variation of the applied RF voltage into variation of deflection angle out of a leaky waveguide optical beam using the linear E–O effect (Pockels effect) as part of the E–O polymer based optical waveguide. This variation of deflection angle as result of the applied RF signal is then quantized using optical windows followed by an array of high-speed photodetectors. We optimized the leakage coefficient of the leaky waveguide and its physical length to achieve the best trade-off between bandwidth and the deflected optical beam resolution, by improving the phase velocity matching between lightwave and microwave on one hand and using pre-emphasis technique to compensate for the RF signal attenuation on the other hand. In addition, for ease of access from both optical and RF perspective, a via-hole less broad bandwidth transition is designed between coplanar pads and coupled microstrip (CPW-CMS) driving electrodes. With the best reported E–O coefficient of 350 pm/V, the designed E–O deflector should allow an AOADC operating over 44 giga-samples-per-seconds with an estimated effective resolution of 6.5 bits on RF signals with Nyquist bandwidth of 22 GHz. The overall DC power consumption of all components used in this AOADC is of order of 4 W and is dominated by power consumption in the power amplifier to generate a 20 V RF voltage in 50 Ohm system. A higher sampling rate can be achieved at similar bits of resolution by interleaving a number of this elementary AOADC at the expense of a higher power consumption
Map-Based Transparent Persistence for Very Large Models

International audienceThe progressive industrial adoption of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is fostering the development of large tool ecosystems like the Eclipse Modeling project. These tools are built on top of a set of base technologies that have been primarily designed for small-scale scenarios, where models are manually developed. In particular, efficient runtime manipulation for large-scale models is an under-studied problem and this is hampering the application of MDE to several industrial scenarios.In this paper we introduce and evaluate a map-based persistence model for MDE tools. We use this model to build a transparent persistence layer for modeling tools, on top of a map-based database engine. The layer can be plugged into the Eclipse Modeling Framework, lowering execution times and memory consumption levels of other existing approaches. Empirical tests are performed based on a typical industrial scenario, model-driven reverse engineering, where very large software models originate from the analysis of massive code bases. The layer is freely distributed and can be immediately used for enhancing the scalability of any existing Eclipse Modeling tool
Electronic properties of E3 electron trap in n-type ZnO

International audienceDeep level transient spectroscopy measurements were per- formed on three non-intentionally doped n-type ZnO samples grown by different techniques in order to investigate the electronic properties of E3 electron trap. The ionization energy and the capture cross-section are found respectively at 0.275 eV from the conduction band and 2.3×10^−16 cm2 with no electric field dependence. This center is present irrespective of the synthesis method. In view of its physical properties and recent works published in the literature, its physical origin is discussed. Based mainly on its insensibility to the macroscopic electric field, the best candidates turn out to be dual defects with opposite charges on adjacent sites, like the dual vacancy VO -VZn
A bio-economic analysis of harvest control rules for the Northeast Arctic cod fishery

-Harvest control rules (HCRs) have been implemented for many fisheries worldwide. However, in most instances, those HCRs are not based on the explicit feedbacks between stock properties and economic considerations. This paper develops a bio-economic model that evaluates the HCR adopted in 2004 by the Joint Norwegian–Russian Fishery Commission to manage the world's largest cod stock, Northeast Arctic cod (NEA). The model considered here is biologically and economically detailed, and is the first to compare the performance of the stock's current HCR with that of alternative HCRs derived with optimality criteria. In particular, HCRs are optimized for economic objectives including fleet profits, economic welfare, and total yield and the emerging properties are analyzed. The performance of these optimal HCRs was compared with the currently used HCR. This paper show that the current HCR does in fact comes very close to maximizing profits. Furthermore, the results reveal that the HCR that maximizes profits is the most precautionary one among the considered HCRs. Finally, the HCR that maximizes yield leads to un-precautionary low levels of biomass. In these ways, the implementation of the HCR for NEA cod can be viewed as a success story that may provide valuable lessons for other fisheries
A detailed TEM and SEM study of Ni-base alloys oxide scales formed in primary conditions of pressurized water reactor

International audiencehe oxide film formed on nickel-based alloys in pressurized water reactors (PWR) primary coolant conditions (325 °C, aqueous media) is very thin, in the range of 1–100 nm thick, depending on the surface state and on the corrosion test duration. The nature and the structure of this scale have been investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). TEM observations revealed an oxide layer divided in two parts. The internal layer was mainly composed of a continuous spinel layer, identified as a mixed iron and nickel chromite (Ni(1−x)FexCr2O4). Moreover, nodules of Cr2O3, with a size about 5 nm, were present at the interface between this spinel and the alloy. No chromium depletion was observed in the alloy, at the alloy/oxide interface. The external layer is composed of large crystallites corresponding to a spinel structure rich in iron (Ni(1−z)Fe(2+z)O4) resulting from precipitation phenomena. SEM and TEM observations showed a link between the nucleation and/or the growth of crystallites of nickel ferrite and the crystallographic orientation of the substrate. A link between the presence of surface defects and the nucleation of the crystallites was also underlined by SEM observations. Partially hydrated nickel hydroxide, was also observed by TEM in the external scale. Based on these results, some considerations about the mechanism of formation of this oxide layer are discussed