pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Analyzing networks in industrial ecology - a review of Social-Material Network Analyses

This review concerns the methodological challenges that industrial ecology faces in integrating natural and social sciences. Network analysis can be seen as the most promising method to mediate between industrial ecology's overall systems approach and the complex structures found in society. It is a well established method across scientific disciplines, including the social sciences. It has been successfully applied in industrial ecology, in which localized phenomena of industrial symbiosis have been a key focus, and where metrics from both the social and natural sciences are used to understand socio-metabolic structures. In this paper we classify such studies as Social-Material Network Analyses and we discuss the body of work, drawing on network analyses from various disciplines. A challenge is the hierarchical nature of industrial networks and how it can be addressed socially. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of metric-driven network analysis and offer a review of methodological options for Social-Material Network Analyses. © 2014 The Authors
The rate of hypo-osmotic challenge influences regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and mechanical properties of articular chondrocytes.

OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a gradual reduction in the interstitial osmotic pressure within articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of sudden and gradual hypo-osmotic challenge on chondrocyte morphology and biomechanics. METHODS: Bovine articular chondrocytes were exposed to a reduction in extracellular osmolality from 327 to 153 mOsmol/kg applied either suddenly (<5 s) or gradually (over 180 min). Temporal changes in cell diameter and the existence of regulatory volume decrease (RVD) were quantified along with changes in cortical actin and chromatin condensation. The cellular viscoelastic mechanical properties were determined by micropipette aspiration. RESULTS: In response to a sudden hypo-osmotic stress, 66% of chondrocytes exhibited an increase in diameter followed by RVD, whilst 25% showed no RVD. By contrast, cells exposed to gradual hypo-osmotic stress exhibited reduced cell swelling without subsequent RVD. There was an increase in the equilibrium modulus for cells exposed to sudden hypo-osmotic stress. However, gradual hypo-osmotic challenge had no effect on cell mechanical properties. This cell stiffening response to sudden hypo-osmotic challenge was abolished when actin organization was disrupted with cytochalasin D or RVD inhibited with REV5901. Both sudden and gradual hypo-osmotic challenge reduced cortical F-actin distribution and caused chromatin decondensation. CONCLUSIONS: Sudden hypo-osmotic challenge increases chondrocyte mechanics by activation of RVD and interaction with the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, the rate of hypo-osmotic challenge is shown to have a profound effect on chondrocyte morphology and biomechanics. This important phenomenon needs to be considered when studying the response of chondrocytes to pathological hypo-osmotic stress
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detector

Â© 2015.A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup>. Decays of CP-even h bosons to Ï\u84Ï\u84 or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as hâ\u86\u92bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for Ï\u83(ggâ\u86\u92A)Ã\u97BR(Aâ\u86\u92Zh)Ã\u97BR(hâ\u86\u92ff-) are 0.098-0.013 pb for f=Ï\u84 and 0.57-0.014 pb for f=b in a range of m<inf>A</inf>=220-1000GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models
Seven essays on policies and international cooperation to abate emissions of greenhouse gases

The thesis consists of seven essays dealing with policies to mitigate climate change. The first three essays analyze aspects of international cooperation to abate emissions. More specifically, the first essay studies the design of a compliance mechanism when there is an international agreement on emission cuts. The next two essays analyze the effects of an
international agreement with emissions trading, assuming that the national emission quotas are not results of an efficient international bargaining process, but instead are determined individually by national governments. The last four essays study how management of forests and use of wood-based bioenergy influence the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere, and how forest management should be adjusted when accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere is considered to be socially damaging. The thesis applies different methods. While the first three essays on international climate cooperation apply microeconomic theory and game theory, the last four essays on forest management combine basic microeconomic theory with life-cycle assessments, building on biological knowledge on the dynamics of forests and the interaction of the carbon stocks
Relative Optical Navigation for a Lunar Lander Mission

This work explores the problem of providing relative velocity navigation for an autonomous precision landing approach on the moon without the use of telemetry or known points of support. An error-state Unscented Kalman Filter for the fusion of inertial and optical imaging sensors is presented. These sensors include a star tracker, a monocular surface camera and a laser altimeter. The filter estimates position, velocity and attitude, which, together with an initial position based on crater matching, allows for trajectory following to the surface. A main difficulty is the scale ambiguity in optical flow. The laser altimeter has been included to resolve this ambiguity and allow for velocity and altitude estimation. The scenario of a lunar landing from parking orbit was chosen to test and verify the developed navigation method in simulation using a high resolution surface model of the moon
Measurement of isolated-photon pair production in pp collisions at sqrts=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the production cross section of events with two isolated photons in the final state, in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV. The full data set collected in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1), is used. The amount of background, from hadronic jets and isolated electrons, is estimated with data-driven techniques and subtracted. The total cross section, for two isolated photons with transverse energies above 25 GeV and 22 GeV respectively, in the acceptance of the electromagnetic calorimeter (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.37 and 1.52 < vertical bar eta vertical bar 2.37) and with an angular separation Delta R > 0.4, is 44.0(-4.2)(+3.2) pb. The differential cross sections as a function of the di-photon invariant mass, transverse momentum, azimuthal separation, and cosine of the polar angle of the largest transverse energy photon in the Collins-Soper di-photon rest frame are also measured. The results are compared to the prediction of leading-order parton-shower and next-to-leading-order and next-to-next-to-leading-order parton-level generators
Magic gamma-ray telescope observation of the perseus cluster of galaxies: Implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC 1275

The Perseus galaxy cluster was observed by the MAGIC Cherenkov telescope for a total effective time of 24.4 hours during November and December 2008. The resulting upper limits on the γ-ray emission above 100 GeV are in the range of 4.6 to 7.5 × 10−12 cm−2 s−1 for spectral indices from −1.5 to −2.5 ; thereby constraining the emission produced by cosmic rays, dark matter annihilations and the central radio galaxy NGC 1275. Results are compatible with cosmological cluster simulations for the cosmic ray induced γ-ray emission, constraining the average cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure to &lt; 4% for the cluster core region (&lt; 8% for the entire cluster). Using simplified assumptions adopted in earlier work (a power-law spectrum with an index of −2.1, constant cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure for the peripheral cluster regions while accounting for the adiabatic contraction during the cooling flow formation), we would limit the ratio of cosmic ray-to-thermal energy to ECR /Eth &lt; 3%. Improving the sensitivity of this observation by a factor of about seven will enable us to scrutinize the hadronic model for the Perseus radio mini halo: a non-detection of γ-ray emission at this level implies cosmic rays fluxes that are too small to produce enough electrons through hadronic interactions with the ambient gas protons to explain the observed synchrotron emission. The upper limit also translates into a level of γ-ray emission from possible annihilations of the cluster dark matter (the dominant mass component) that is consistent with boost factors of ∼ 104 for the typically expected dark matter annihilation induced emission. Finally, the upper limits obtained for the γ-ray emission of the central radio galaxy NGC 1275 are consistent with the recent detection by the Fermi-LAT satellite. Due to the extremely large Doppler factors required for the jet, a one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model is implausible in this case. We reproduce the observed spectral energy density by using the structured jet (spine-layer) model which has previously been adopted to explain the high-energy emission of radio galaxies
Magnetic phase diagram of the semi-Heusler alloys from first principles

The magnetic phase diagram of the Mn-based semi-Heusler alloys is determined at T=0 using first-principles calculations in conjunction with the frozen-magnon approximation. The authors show that the magnetism in these systems strongly depends on the number of conduction electrons, their spin polarization, and the position of the unoccupied Mn 3d states with respect to Fermi energy. Various magnetic phases are obtained depending on these characteristics. The conditions leading to diverse magnetic behavior are identified. The obtained results are in very good agreement with the available experimental data. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics
Modelling the Cold Formability of Dualphase Steels on Different Length Scales

Modern multiphase steels contain constituents of distinctive mechanical properties, so that they develop strong gradients in the local strain distribution during forming operations and this strongly promotes the microstructural damage evolution. Consequently, the material’ resistance against ductile crack initiation sets the limits of cold formability and these can even be reached without any macroscopic necking phenomena. The modified Bai Wierzbicki (MBW) model has been proven the capability of providing an impressive accuracy of simulation results when applied to stretch forming tests as it describes ductile crack initiation and propagation. The consideration of the third invariant of the stress deviator on plasticity and ductile failure is a key factor for the model’ high accuracy, but due to its phenomenological character its applicability for materials design is currently not given. Furthermore, the quantity of material parameters is so high that an industrial application of this model cannot be expected. Therefore the paper presents an alternative approach for parameter calibration relying on virtual experiments on representative volume elements, where the plastic strain localization theory is applied without any other damage model
S-duality improved perturbation theory in compactified type I/heterotic string theory

We study the mass of the stable non-BPS state in type I/heterotic string theory compactified on a circle with the help of the interpolation formula between weak and strong coupling results. Comparison between the results at different orders indicate that this procedure can determine the mass of the particle to within 10% accuracy over the entire two dimensional moduli space parametrized by the string coupling and the radius of compactification. This allows us to estimate the region of the stability of the particle in this two dimensional moduli space. Outside this region the particle is unstable against decay into three BPS states carrying the same total charge as the original state. We discuss generalization of this analysis to compactification on higher dimensional tori
Initial state radiation effects in inclusive J / ψ production at B factories

Based on Monte Carlo techniques, we analyze the initial state radiation (ISR) effects in prompt J / ψ inclusive production at B factories. ISR enhances cross section σ ( e − e + → J / ψ + gg + X ) by about 15-25 %, which is almost the same size as the QCD and relativistic correction. Moreover, ISR slightly changes $ \sigma \left( {{e^{-}}{e^{+}}\to {J \left/ {\psi } \right.}+c\overline{c}+X} \right) $ . The J / ψ momentum spectrum in e − e + → J / ψ + gg + X and in $ {e^{-}}{e^{+}}\to {J \left/ {\psi } \right.}+c\overline{c}+X $ is softer after the photon showering from the initial e ± beam radiation. After combining the QCD, relativistic, and ISR corrections, a more precise theoretical result is obtained. The new result provides a more stringent constraint of the color-octet contribution to $ \sigma \left( {{e^{-}}{e^{+}}\to {J \left/ {\psi } \right.}+{X_{{\mathrm{non}-\mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}}}}}} \right) $
Localization in supergravity and quantum AdS 4 / CFT 3 holography

We compute the quantum gravity partition function of M-theory on AdS 4 × X 7 by using localization techniques in four-dimensional gauged supergravity obtained by a consistent truncation on the Sasaki-Einstein manifold X 7 . The supergravity path integral reduces to a finite dimensional integral over two collective coordinates that parametrize the localizing instanton solutions. The renormalized action of the off-shell instanton solutions depends linearly and holomorphically on the “square root” prepotential evaluated at the center of AdS 4 . The partition function resembles the Laplace transform of the wave function of a topological string and with an assumption about the measure for the localization integral yields an Airy function in precise agreement with the computation from the boundary ABJM theory on a 3-sphere. Our bulk quantum gravity computation is nonperturbatively exact in four-dimensional Planck length but ignores corrections due to brane-instantons
ν ΛMDM: A model for sterile neutrino and dark matter reconciles cosmological and neutrino oscillation data after BICEP2

We propose an ultraviolet complete theory for cold dark matter (CDM) and sterile neutrinos that can accommodate both cosmological data and neutrino oscillation experiments within 1 σ level. We assume a new U(1)X dark gauge symmetry which is broken at ∼O(MeV) scale resulting light dark photon. Such a light mediator for DM's self-scattering and scattering-off sterile neutrinos can resolve three controversies for cold DM on small cosmological scales: cusp vs. core , too-big-to-fail and missing satellites . We can also accommodate ∼O(1) eV scale sterile neutrinos as the hot dark matter (HDM) and can fit some neutrino anomalies from neutrino oscillation experiments within 1 σ . Finally, the right amount of HDM can make a sizable contribution to dark radiation, and also helps to reconcile the tension between the data on the tensor-to-scalar ratio reported by Planck and BICEP2 Collaborations
Search for high mass resonances decaying into τ -lepton pairs in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

29 páginas, 2 figuras, 5 tablas.-- This article is published Open Access at sciencedirect.com. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.-- et al.A search for high-mass resonances decaying into tau-lepton pairs is performed using a data sample of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The number of observed events is in agreement with the standard model prediction. An upper limit on the product of the resonance cross section and branching fraction into tau-lepton pairs is calculated as a function of the resonance mass. Using the sequential standard model resonance Z ′ SSM   and the superstring-inspired E 6   model with resonance Z ′ ψ   as benchmarks, resonances with standard model couplings with masses below 1.4 and 1.1 TeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level.European Commission; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria); Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (Belgium); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Colciencias (Colombia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Deutschland); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; General Secretariat of Research and Technology (Greece); National Office for Research and Technology (Hungary); Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (Iran); Science Foundation Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italia); National Research Foundation of Korea; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México); Secretaría de Educación Pública (México); Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España); Swiss National Science Foundation; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK); Department of Energy (US); National Science Foundation (US)Peer reviewe
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). Each leptoquark is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b-quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Thirdgeneration leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 534 GeV.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2013)033</p
The effect of nurses' preparedness and nurse practitioner status on triage call management in primary care: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the ESTEEM Trial

Background: Nurse-led telephone triage is increasingly used to manage demand for GP consultations in UK general practice. Previous studies are equivocal about the relationship between clinical experience and the call outcomes of nurse triage. Most research is limited to investigating nurse telephone triage in out-of-hours settings. Objective: To investigate whether the professional characteristics of primary care nurses undertaking computer decision supported software telephone triage are related to call disposition. Design: Questionnaire survey of nurses delivering the nurse intervention arm of the ESTEEM trial, to capture role type (practice nurse or nurse practitioner), prescriber status, number of years’ nursing experience, graduate status, previous experience of triage, and perceived preparedness for triage. Our main outcome was the proportion of triaged patients recommended for follow-up within the practice (call disposition), including all contact types (face-to-face, telephone or home visit), by a GP or nurse. Settings: : 15 General Practices and 7012 patients receiving the nurse triage intervention in four regions of the U.K. Participants: : 45 Nurse Practitioners (NPs) and Practice Nurse (PNs) trained in the use of CDSS. Methods: We investigated the associations between nursing characteristics and triage call disposition for patient ‘same-day’ appointment requests in general practice using multivariable logistic regression modelling. Results: Valid responses from 35 nurses (78%) from 14 practices: 31/35 (89%) had ≥10 years’ experience with 24/35 (69%) having ≥20 years. Most patient contacts (3842/4605; 86%) were recommended for follow-up within the practice. Nurse practitioners were less likely to recommend patients for follow-up odds ratio (OR) 0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07; 0.49 than practice nurses. Nurses who reported that their previous experience had prepared them less well for triage were more likely to recommend patients for follow-up (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.18; 5.55). Conclusion: Nurse characteristics were associated with disposition of triage calls to within practice follow-up. Nurse practitioners or those who reported feeling ‘more prepared’ for the role were more likely to manage the call definitively. Practices considering nurse triage should ensure that nurses transitioning into new roles feel adequately prepared. While standardised training is necessary, it may not be sufficient to ensure successful implementation
Glomerular hyperfiltration - a new marker of metabolic risk

Chronic kidney disease coexists with metabolic syndrome and this relationship may be apparent prior to overt manifestations of cardiovascular disease. \ud
To investigate early stages of the natural history of associations between renal function and metabolic syndrome, we phenotyped 1572 young (mean age - 18.4 yrs.), apparently healthy men for metabolic risk factors and estimated their creatinine clearance based on the Cockcroft-Gault equation. \ud
High metabolic risk (clustering of at least three metabolic risk factors) was revealed in 8.7% (137) of the subjects and was associated with a 6.9-fold increase in the odds of glomerular hyperfiltration (95% CI: 3.9-11.5) when compared to reference (from none to two metabolic risk factors). Overweight, elevated blood pressure and low HDL-cholesterol increased the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of glomerular hyperfiltration to 6.6 (95% CI: 3.8-11.6), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.0-3.0) and 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5-4.3), respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures clustered together with leptin in the factor analysis and this blood pressure-adiposity component correlated with estimated creatinine clearance (r=0.329, p<0.0001) and explained on its own 10.2% of the variance in the estimated renal function.\ud
Our data reveal the silent epidemics of metabolic risk among young, apparently healthy men. Furthermore, the results indicate that high metabolic risk is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration prior to overt manifestations of cardiovascular disease