pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Contrasting records of sea-level change in the eastern and western North Atlantic during the last 300 years

AbstractWe present a new 300-year sea-level reconstruction from a salt marsh on the Isle of Wight (central English Channel, UK) that we compare to other salt-marsh and long tide-gauge records to examine spatial and temporal variability in sea-level change in the North Atlantic. Our new reconstruction identifies an overall rise in relative sea level (RSL) of c. 0.30 m since the start of the eighteenth century at a rate of 0.9±0.3 mmyr−1. Error-in-variables changepoint analysis indicates that there is no statistically significant deviation from a constant rate within the dataset. The reconstruction is broadly comparable to other tide-gauge and salt-marsh records from the European Atlantic, demonstrating coherence in sea level in this region over the last 150–300 years. In contrast, we identify significant differences in the rate and timing of RSL with records from the east coast of North America. The absence of a strong late 19th/early 20th century RSL acceleration contrasts with that recorded in salt marsh sediments along the eastern USA coastline, in particular in a well-dated and precise sea-level reconstruction from North Carolina. This suggests that this part of the North Carolina sea level record represents a regionally specific sea level acceleration. This is significant because the North Carolina record has been used as if it were globally representative within semi-empirical parameterisations of past and future sea-level change. We conclude that regional-scale differences of sea-level change highlight the value of using several, regionally representative RSL records when calibrating and testing semi-empirical models of sea level against palaeo-records. This is because by using records that potentially over-estimate sea-level rise in the past such models risk over-estimating sea-level rise in the future
Central invariants and Frobenius–Schur indicators for semisimple quasi-Hopf algebras

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain a canonical central element νH for each semi-simple quasi-Hopf algebra H over any field k and prove that νH is invariant under gauge transformations. We show that if k is algebraically closed of characteristic zero then for any irreducible representation of H which affords the character χ,χ(νH) takes only the values 0, 1 or −1, moreover if H is a Hopf algebra or a twisted quantum double of a finite group then χ(νH) is the corresponding Frobenius–Schur indicator. We also prove an analog of a theorem of Larson–Radford for split semi-simple quasi-Hopf algebras over any field k. Using this result, we establish the relationship between the antipode S, the values of χ(νH), and certain associated bilinear forms when the underlying field k is algebraically closed of characteristic zero
Intergenerational relations and the power of the cell phone: Perspectives on young people’s phone usage in sub-Saharan Africa

AbstractCell phones present new forms of sociality and new possibilities of encounter for young people across the globe. Nowhere is this more evident than in sub-Saharan Africa where the scale of usage, even among the very poor, is remarkable. In this paper we reflect on the inter-generational encounters which are embedded in young people’s cell phone interactions, and consider the wider societal implications, not least the potential for associated shifts in the generational balance of power. An intriguing feature of this changing generational nexus is that while many young people’s phone-based interactions, from their mid-teens onwards, are shifting away from the older generation towards friendship networks in their own age cohort, at the same time they are repositioning themselves – or becoming repositioned – as family information hubs, as a consequence of their phone expertise. The paper draws on mixed-methods research with young people aged c. 9–25years and in-depth interviews with older age-groups in 24 sites (ranging from high density poor urban to remote rural) across Ghana, Malawi and South Africa
Fluorine Directed Two-Dimensional Cruciform ??????? Stacking in Diketopyrrolopyrroles

This is the Accepted Manuscript Version of the following article: Jesus Calvo-Castro,??Graeme Morris,??Alan R. Kennedy, and??Callum J. McHugh, ???Fluorine Directed Two-Dimensional Cruciform ??????? Stacking in Diketopyrrolopyrroles???, Crystal Growth and Design, Vol. 16 (9): 5385???5393, July 2016. Copyright ?? 2016 American Chemical Society.Enhanced bulk dimensionality in organic materials employed in optoelectronic devices is desirable and can overcome fabrication issues related to structural defects and grain boundaries. Herein, we report a novel fluorinated diketopyrrolopyrrole single crystal structure, which displays a unique, mutually orthogonal, 2-dimensional cruciform ??????? stacking arrangement. The crystal structure is characterized by an unusually large number of nearest neighbor dimer pairs which contribute to a greater thermal integrity than structurally analogous equivalents. Binding energies and charge transfer integrals were computed for all of the crystal extracted dimer pairs by means of the M06-2X density functional at the 6- 311G(d) level. Although weak, a number of intermolecular interactions involving organic fluorine (C???F---H, ??F---??, and C???F---??F) were identified to influence the supramolecular assembly of these dimer pairs. Charge transfer integrals for the two ??????? stacking crystal dimers were determined using the energy splitting in dimer method. Ambipolar charge transport favoring electron transfer approaching that of rubrene is predicted in both of these ??????? stacks, with a greater magnitude of coupling observed from those dimers perpetuating along the crystallographic a-axis. Charge transport behavior in the single crystal is greatly influenced by selective fluorination of the N-benzyl substituents and is consistent with the crystal extracted ??????? stacking dimer geometries and their overall influence on wave function overlap. The reported structure is an interesting electron transport material that could be exploited, particularly in thin film based optoelectronic devices, where high bulk dimensionality is required
Hair analysis for the detection of drug use ??? is there potential for evasion?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Marrinan S, Roman-Urrestarazu A, Naughton D, et al. 'Hair analysis for the detection of drug use???is there potential for evasion?', Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp., 2017;e2587, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2587. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Copyright ?? 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND: Hair analysis for illicit substances is widely used to detect chronic drug consumption or abstention from drugs. Testees are increasingly seeking ways to avoid detection by using a variety of untested adulterant products (e.g., shampoos, cleansers) widely sold online. This study aims to investigate adulteration of hair samples and to assess effectiveness of such methods. METHODS: The literature on hair test evasion was searched for on PubMed or MEDLINE, Psycinfo, and Google Scholar. Given the sparse nature of peer-reviewed data on this subject, results were integrated with a qualitative assessment of online sources, including user-orientated information or commercial websites, drug fora and "chat rooms". Over four million web sources were identified in a Google search by using "beat hair drug test" and the first 86 were monitored on regular basis and considered for further analysis. RESULTS: Attempts to influence hair test results are widespread. Various "shampoos," and "cleansers" among other products, were found for sale, which claim to remove analytes. Often advertised with aggressive marketing strategies, which include discounts, testimonials, and unsupported claims of efficacy. However, these products may pose serious health hazards and are also potentially toxic. In addition, many anecdotal reports suggest that Novel Psychoactive Substances are also consumed as an evasion technique, as these are not easily detectable via standard drug test. Recent changes on Novel Psychoactive Substances legislations such as New Psychoactive Bill in the UK might further challenge the testing process. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed by way of chemical analysis and trial of the adulterant products sold online and their effects as well as the development of more sophisticated hair testing techniques
Holographic DC conductivity and Onsager relations.

Within holography the DC conductivity can be obtained by solving a system of Stokes equations for an auxiliary fluid living on the black hole horizon. We show that these equations can be derived from a novel variational principle involving a functional that depends on the fluid variables of interest as well as the time reversed quantities. This leads to simple derivation of the Onsager relations for the conductivity. We also obtain the relevant Stokes equations for bulk theories of gravity in four dimensions including a ϑF ∧ F term in the Lagrangian, where ϑ is a function of dynamical scalar fields. We discuss various realisations of the anomalous Hall conductivity that this term induces and also solve the Stokes equations for holographic lattices which break translations in one spatial dimension
Search for a Higgs boson decaying into γ*γ→ℓℓγ with low dilepton mass in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search is described for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons, one of which has an internal conversion to a muon or an electron pair (ℓℓγ). The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. The events selected have an opposite-sign muon or electron pair and a high transverse momentum photon. No excess above background has been found in the three-body invariant mass range 120<mℓℓγ<150 GeV, and limits have been derived for the Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction for the decay H→γ*γ→ℓℓγ, where the dilepton invariant mass is less than 20 GeV. For a Higgs boson with mH=125 GeV, a 95% confidence level (CL) exclusion observed (expected) limit is 6.7 (5.9-1.8 +2.8) times the standard model prediction. Additionally, an upper limit at 95% CL on the branching fraction of H→(J/ψ)γ for the 125 GeV Higgs boson is set at 1.5×10-3.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
S-allylmercaptocysteine reduces carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic oxidative stress and necroinflammation via nuclear factor kappa B-dependent pathways in mice.

Purpose\ud
\ud
To study the protective effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAMC on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity in the mouse model.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (50 μl/kg; single dose) to induce acute hepatotoxicity with or without a 2-h pre-treatment of SAMC intraperitoneal injection (200 mg/kg; single dose). After 8 h, the blood serum and liver samples of mice were collected and subjected to measurements of histological and molecular parameters of hepatotoxicity.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
\ud
SAMC reduced CCl4-triggered cellular necrosis and inflammation in the liver under histological analysis. Since co-treatment of SAMC and CCl4 enhanced the expressions of antioxidant enzymes, reduced the nitric oxide (NO)-dependent oxidative stress, and inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4. SAMC played an essential antioxidative role during CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Administration of SAMC also ameliorated hepatic inflammation induced by CCl4 via inhibiting the activity of NF-κB subunits p50 and p65, thus reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediators, and chemokines, as well as promoting pro-regenerative factors at both transcriptional and translational levels.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
\ud
Our results indicate that SAMC mitigates cellular damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity mouse model through regulation of NF-κB. Garlic or garlic derivatives may therefore be a potential food supplement in the prevention of liver damage
The Effects of Detailing on Prescribing Decisions under Two-Sided Learning

A fundamental question in pharmaceutical marketing management is: How does the effectiveness of detailing change when additional information on drugs is revealed via patients' experiences during the product lifecycle? To address this question, we develop a model of detailing and prescribing decisions which incorporates uncertainty about the quality of drugs. Our model assumes that not only physicians/patients, but also drug manufacturers are uncertain about the qualities of drugs, and a representative opinion leader is responsible for updating the prior belief about these qualities. Physicians are heterogeneous in their information sets, and drug manufacturers use detailing as a means to increase/maintain the measure of well-informed physicians. We explicitly model physicians' forgetting by allowing the measure of well-informed physicians to depreciate over time. We estimate our model using product level data of ACE-inhibitor with diuretic in Canada. Our estimation approach allows us to control for the potential endogeneity of detailing. The results show that our model is able to fit the diffusion pattern
very well, the effectiveness of detailing depends on the current information set and the measure of well-informed physicians, and the role of detailing-in-utility is minimal. Using our parameter estimates, we examine how a public awareness campaign, which encourages physicians/patients to report their drug experiences, would affect managerial incentives to detail.
Azole sensitivity in Leptosphaeria pathogens of oilseed rape: the role of lanosterol 14??-demethylase

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Te images or other third party material in this article are included in the article???s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article???s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ?? The Author(s) 2017Lanosterol 14-?? demethy??? ???lase is a key enzyme intermediating the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi, and the target of azole fungicides. Studies have suggested that Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, the causal agents of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape, differ in their sensitivity to some azoles, which could be driving pathogen frequency change in crops. Here we used CYP51 protein modelling and heterologous expression to determine whether there are interspecific differences at the target-site level. Moreover, we provide an example of intrinsic sensitivity differences exhibited by both Leptosphaeria spp. in vitro and in planta. Comparison of homologous protein models identified highly conserved residues, particularly at the azole binding site, and heterologous expression of LmCYP51B and LbCYP51B, with fungicide sensitivity testing of the transformants, suggests that both proteins are similarly sensitive to azole fungicides flusilazole, prothioconazole-desthio and tebuconazole. Fungicide sensitivity testing on isolates shows that they sometimes have a minor difference in sensitivity in vitro and in planta. These results suggest that azole fungicides remain a useful component of integrated phoma stem canker control in the UK due to their effectiveness on both Leptosphaeria spp. Other factors, such as varietal resistance or climate, may be driving observed frequency changes between species
Prodigal Sons: Dual Abrahamic Categorization Mediates the Detrimental Effects of Religious Fundamentalism on Christian–Muslim Relations

Religious fundamentalism is associated with Christian–Islamic conflicts globally, but the psychological\ud
reasons remain unexplored. Here, we show that fundamentalism is detrimental to\ud
interreligious relations because it makes Christians and Muslims alike reject common theological\ud
grounds and Abrahamic origins. Specifically, Study 1 demonstrated that such dual Abrahamic\ud
categories mediated the negative effects of fundamentalism on real monetary donations to outgroup\ud
children desperately in need (i.e., Save the Children Syria) among Christians but not Atheists. Of\ud
importance, this was the case only to the degree that Syrian children were perceived as Muslims and,\ud
hence, as part of an Abrahamic outgroup. Using a double-randomized experimental design, Study\ud
2 demonstrated the causal effects of religious fundamentalism on Abrahamic categorization and\ud
of Abrahamic categorization on mutual resource distribution bias among Muslims and Christians.\ud
Together, these studies suggest that religious fundamentalism fuels interreligious conflicts because\ud
it crucially impacts basic categorization processes, with subsequent negative effects on intergroup\ud
relations
Binarized octree generation for Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement
  around immersed geometries

We revisit the generation of balanced octrees for adaptive mesh refinement
(AMR) of Cartesian domains with immersed complex geometries. In a recent short
note [Hasbestan and Senocak, J. Comput. Phys. vol. 351:473-477 (2017)], we
showed that the data-locality of the Z-order curve in hashed linear octree
generation methods may not be perfect because of potential collisions in the
hash table. Building on that observation, we propose a binarized octree
generation method that complies with the Z-order curve exactly. Similar to a
hashed linear octree generation method, we use Morton encoding to index the
nodes of an octree, but use a red-black tree in place of the hash table.
Red-black tree is a special kind of a binary tree, which we use for insertion
and deletion of elements during mesh adaptation. By strictly working with the
bitwise representation of the octree, we remove computer hardware limitations
on the depth of adaptation on a single processor. Additionally, we introduce a
geometry encoding technique for rapidly tagging the solid geometry for
refinement. Our results for several geometries with different levels of
adaptations show that the binarized octree generation outperforms the linear
octree generation in terms of runtime performance at the expense of only a
slight increase in memory usage. We provide the current AMR capability as
open-source software.Comment: submitted to Journal of Computational Physic
Antecedents and consequences of career decisional states in adolescence

This longitudinal study tested students in Grade 8 and again in Grade 10 on career (maturity, barriers, indecision, decision-making and self-efficacy), well-being (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and coping), and social (school achievement, paid work experience) variables. Students were allocated to decided or undecided conditions at T1, T2 and across T1-T2, based on self-reported global decidedness ratings. As predicted, the undecided students had poorer career, well-being, and social outcomes than the decided students at T1 and T2. The undecided group was also less likely to report having paid work experience at T1, and to be overrepresented by females at T2. Students who were undecided at T1 and T2 (i.e., continuously undecided) fared poorer than students who were decided at T1 and T2 (continuously decided) and students who changed decision status from T1 to T2 (i.e., developmentally undecided). Females were more likely to be continuously undecided, although continuously undecided males were more complacent and more likely to use maladaptive strategies than females. Implications of being temperamentally versus developmentally undecided are discussed.Griffith Health, School of Applied PsychologyFull Tex
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Measuring non-linear galaxy bias at z ~ 0.8

Aims. We use the first release of the VImos Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey of galaxies (VIPERS) of ∼50 000 objects to measure the biasing relation between galaxies and mass in the redshift range z = [0.5,1.1]. Methods. We estimate the 1-point distribution function [PDF] of VIPERS galaxies from counts in cells and, assuming a model for the mass PDF, we infer their mean bias relation. The reconstruction of the bias relation is performed through a novel method that accounts for Poisson noise, redshift distortions, inhomogeneous sky coverage. and other selection effects. With this procedure we constrain galaxy bias and its deviations from linearity down to scales as small as 4 h-1 Mpc and out to z = 1.1. Results. We detect small (up to 2%) but statistically significant (up to 3σ) deviations from linear bias. The mean biasing function is close to linear in regions above the mean density. The mean slope of the biasing relation is a proxy to the linear bias parameter. This slope increases with luminosity, which is in agreement with results of previous analyses. We detect a strong bias evolution only for z> 0.9, which is in agreement with some, but not all, previous studies. We also detect a significant increase of the bias with the scale, from 4 to 8 h-1 Mpc, now seen for the first time out to z = 1. The amplitude of non-linearity depends on redshift, luminosity, and scale, but no clear trend is detected. Owing to the large cosmic volume probed by VIPERS, we find that the mismatch between the previous estimates of bias at z ∼ 1 from zCOSMOS and VVDS-Deep galaxy samples is fully accounted for by cosmic variance. Conclusions. The results of our work confirm the importance of going beyond the over-simplistic linear bias hypothesis showing that non-linearities can be accurately measured through the applications of the appropriate statistical tools to existing datasets like VIPERS. © ESO, 2016
Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into a b quark and a W boson in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is presented for a heavy vector-like quark, decaying into a b quark and a W boson, which is produced singly in association with a light flavor quark and a b quark. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected at the LHC in 2015. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The search is carried out using events containing one electron or muon, at least one b-tagged jet with large transverse momentum, at least one jet in the forward region of the detector, and missing transverse momentum. No excess over the standard model prediction is observed. Upper limits are placed on the production cross section of heavy exotic quarks: a T quark with a charge of 2/3, and a Y quark with a charge of -4/3. For Y quarks with coupling of 0.5 and B(Y to bW) = 100%, the observed (expected) lower mass limits are 1.40 (1.0) TeV. This is the most stringent limit to date on the single production of the Y vector-like quark