pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Rapid changes in Atlantic grey seal milk from birth to weaning – immune factors and indicators of metabolic strain

True seals have the shortest lactation periods of any group of placental mammal. Most are capital breeders that undergo short, intense lactations, during which they fast while transferring substantial proportions of their body reserves to their pups, which they then abruptly wean. Milk was collected from Atlantic grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) periodically from birth until near weaning. Milk protein profiles matured within 24 hours or less, indicating the most rapid transition from colostrum to mature phase lactation yet observed. There was an unexpected persistence of immunoglobulin G almost until weaning, potentially indicating prolonged trans-intestinal transfer of IgG. Among components of innate immune protection were found fucosyllactose and siallylactose that are thought to impede colonisation by pathogens and encourage an appropriate milk-digestive and protective gut microbiome. These oligosaccharides decreased from early lactation to almost undetectable levels by weaning. Taurine levels were initially high, then fell, possibly indicative of taurine dependency in seals, and progressive depletion of maternal reserves. Metabolites that signal changes in the mother’s metabolism of fats, such as nicotinamide and derivatives, rose from virtual absence, and acetylcarnitines fell. It is therefore possible that indicators of maternal metabolic strain exist that signal the imminence of weaning.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for top quark partners with charge 5/3 in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A search for the production of heavy partners of the top quark with charge 5/3 (X$_{5/3}$) decaying into a top quark and a W boson is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{−1}$, collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Final states with either a pair of same-sign leptons or a single lepton, along with jets, are considered. No significant excess is observed in the data above the expected standard model background contribution and an X$_{5/3}$ quark with right-handed (left-handed) couplings is excluded at 95 confidence level for masses below 1020 (990) GeV. These are the first limits based on a combination of the same-sign dilepton and the single-lepton final states, as well as the most stringent limits on the X$_{5/3}$ mass to date
Cross section measurement of t-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

The cross section for the production of single top quarks in the t channel is measured in proton–proton collisions at 13TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of $2.2fb^{−1}$. The event selection requires one muon and two jets where one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Several kinematic variables are then combined into a multivariate discriminator to distinguish signal from background events. A fit to the distribution of the discriminating variable yields a total cross section of $238±13(stat)±29(syst) pb$ and a ratio of top quark and top antiquark production of $R_{t-ch.}=1.81±0.18(stat)±0.15(syst)$. From the total cross section the absolute value of the CKM matrix element $V_{tb}$ is calculated to be $1.05±0.07(exp)±0.02(theo)$. All results are in agreement with the standard model predictions
Microbiota-related changes in bile acid and tryptophan metabolism are associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in a mouse model of autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions worldwide. There is growing awareness that ASD is highly comorbid with gastrointestinal distress and altered intestinal microbiome, and that host-microbiome interactions may contribute to the disease symptoms. However, the paucity of knowledge on gut-brain axis signaling in autism constitutes an obstacle to the development of precision microbiota-based therapeutics in ASD. To this end, we explored the interactions between intestinal microbiota, gut physiology and social behavior in a BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J mouse model of ASD. Here we show that a reduction in the relative abundance of very particular bacterial taxa in the BTBR gut – namely, bile-metabolizing Bifidobacterium and Blautia species, - is associated with deficient bile acid and tryptophan metabolism in the intestine, marked gastrointestinal dysfunction, as well as impaired social interactions in BTBR mice. Together these data support the concept of targeted manipulation of the gut microbiota for reversing gastrointestinal and behavioral symptomatology in ASD, and offer specific plausible targets in this endeavor
When cheaper is better : fee determination in the market for equity mutual funds

In this paper, we develop a model of the market for equity mutual funds that captures three key characteristics of this market. First, there is competition among funds. Second, fund managers’ ability is not observed by investors before making their investment decisions. Third, some investors do not make optimal use of all available information. The main results of the paper are that (1) price competition is compatible with positive mark-ups in equilibrium, and (2) worse-performing funds set fees that are greater or equal to those set by better-performing funds. These predictions are supported by available empirical evidence
Imaging the spinning gas and dust in the disc around the supergiant A[e] star HD 62623

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Context.  To progress in the understanding of evolution of massive stars one needs to constrain the mass-loss and determine the
phenomenon responsible for the ejection of matter an its reorganization in the circumstellar environment.  
Aims.  In order to test various mass-ejection processes, we probed the geometry and kinematics of the dust and gas surrounding the
A[e] supergiant HD 62623.  
Methods.  We used the combined high spectral and spatial resolution offered by the VLTI/AMBER instrument. Thanks to a new multiwavelength
optical/IR interferometry imaging technique, we reconstructed the first velocity-resolved images with a milliarcsecond
resolution in the infrared domain.  
Results.  We managed to disentangle the dust and gas emission in the HD 62623 circumstellar disc. We measured the dusty disc inner
inner rim, i.e. 6 mas, constrained the inclination angle and the position angle of the major-axis of the disc. We also measured the inner
gaseous disc extension (2 mas) and probed its velocity field thanks to AMBER high spectral resolution. We find that the expansion
velocity is negligible, and that Keplerian rotation is a favoured velocity field. Such a velocity field is unexpected if fast rotation of the
central star alone is the main mechanism of matter ejection.  
Conclusions.  As the star itself seems to rotate below its breakup-up velocity, rotation cannot explain the formation of the dense
equatorial disc. Moreover, as the expansion velocity is negligible, radiatively driven wind is also not a suitable explanation to explain
the disc formation. Consequently, the most probable hypothesis is that the accumulation of matter in the equatorial plane is due to the
presence of the spectroscopic low mass companionThe Programme National de Physique Stellaire (PNPS), the Institut National en
Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy
(MPIfR) are acknowledged for their financial and observing time support. This
research has made use of services from the Centre de Donn´ees de Strasbourg
(CDS), from the Jean-Marie Mariotti Centre (JMMC), and from the NASA
Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI) to prepare and interpret the observations
Effect of fibers and whole grain content on quality attributes

Incorporation of fiber in cereals may lead to quality issues, thus decreasing consumer acceptance. This is partially due to deterioration of the microstructure, one of the primary quality attributes of cereals. The objective of this study was to better understand the mechanisms by which dietary fibers affect the quality of cereal products during extrusioncooking. The study quantified the effect of amount and type of fiber and whole grain on (i) texture, (ii) structure, and (iii) rehydration properties of extruded cereals. New innovative methods were applied and combined with traditional techniques to characterize both the structure and the rehydration properties. Extruded cereals were produced using a starch-based recipe (whole and wheat flours) and two sources of fibers (oat bran concentrate and wheat bran). The oat and wheat bran levels used in this study were 0, 10, and 20%. The different mixtures were extruded in a pilot twinscrew extruder BC21 (Clextral) and then sugar coated after drying. Mechanical properties of extruded cereals were investigated by compression test. The cellular structure was observed by X-ray tomography. The quality of coating (thickness, homogeneity) was analyzed by optical coherence tomography. The rehydration properties of such cereals in milk were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and optical coherence tomography. This work revealed that structure assessment of extruded cereals may lead to a better understanding of the effect of fiber addition on texture and rehydration properties. The application of innovative methods, such as optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, was found to be useful to quantify the structural properties
Surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake, central Italy.

We present a 1:25,000 scale map of the coseismic surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia normal-faulting earthquake, central Italy. Detailed rupture mapping is based on almost 11,000 oblique photographs taken from helicopter flights, that has been verified and integrated with field data (>7000 measurements). Thanks to the common efforts of the Open EMERGEO Working Group (130 people, 25 research institutions and universities from Europe), we were able to document a complex surface faulting pattern with a dominant strike of N135°-160° (SW-dipping) and a subordinate strike of N320°-345° (NE-dipping) along about 28 km of the active Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove fault system. Geometric and kinematic characteristics of the rupture were observed and recorded along closely spaced, parallel or subparallel, overlapping or step-like synthetic and antithetic fault splays of the activated fault systems, comprising a total surface rupture length of approximately 46 km when all ruptures were considered
Igneous sills record far-field and near-field stress interactions during volcano construction: Isle of Mull, Scotland

Sill emplacement is typically associated with horizontally mechanically layered host rocks in a near-hydrostatic far-field stress state, where contrasting mechanical properties across the layers promote transitions from dykes, or inclined sheets, to sills. We used detailed field observations from the Loch Scridain Sill Complex (Isle of Mull, UK), and mechanical models to show that layering is not always the dominant control on sill emplacement. The studied sills have consistently shallow dips (1°–25°) and cut vertically bedded and foliated metamorphic basement rocks, and horizontally bedded cover sedimentary rocks and lavas. Horizontal and shallowly-dipping fractures in the host rock were intruded with vertical opening in all cases, whilst steeply-dipping discontinuities within the sequence (i.e. vertical fractures and foliation in the basement, and vertical polygonal joints in the lavas) were not intruded during sill emplacement. Mechanical models of slip tendency, dilation tendency, and fracture susceptibility for local and overall sill geometry data, support a radial horizontal compression during sill emplacement. Our models show that dykes and sills across Mull were emplaced during NW–SE horizontal shortening, related to a far-field tectonic stress state. The dykes generally accommodated phases of NE–SW horizontal tectonic extension, whereas the sills record the superposition of the far-field stress with a near-field stress state, imposed by emplacement of the Mull Central Volcano. We show that through detailed geometric characterisation coupled with mechanical modelling, sills may be used as an indication of fluctuations in the paleostress state.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Associations with intraocular pressure across Europe: The European Eye Epidemiology (E3) Consortium

Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, the second commonest cause of blindness globally. Understanding associations with IOP and variations in IOP between countries may teach us about mechanisms underlying glaucoma. We examined cross-sectional associations with IOP in 43,500 European adults from 12 cohort studies belonging to the European Eye Epidemiology (E3) consortium. Each study conducted multivariable linear regression with IOP as the outcome variable and results were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. The association of standardized study IOP with latitude was tested using meta-regression. Higher IOP was observed in men (0.18 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.06, 0.31; P = 0.004) and with higher body mass index (0.21 mmHg per 5 kg/m2; 95 % CI 0.14, 0.28; P < 0.001), shorter height (−0.17 mmHg per 10 cm; 95 % CI –0.25, −0.08; P < 0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (0.17 mmHg per 10 mmHg; 95 % CI 0.12, 0.22; P < 0.001) and more myopic refraction (0.06 mmHg per Dioptre; 95 % CI 0.03, 0.09; P < 0.001). An inverted U-shaped trend was observed between age and IOP, with IOP increasing up to the age of 60 and decreasing in participants older than 70 years. We found no significant association between standardized IOP and study location latitude (P = 0.76). Novel findings of our study include the association of lower IOP in taller people and an inverted-U shaped association of IOP with age. We found no evidence of significant variation in IOP across Europe. Despite the limited range of latitude amongst included studies, this finding is in favour of collaborative pooling of data from studies examining environmental and genetic determinants of IOP in Europeans
Basis invariant measure of CP-violation and renormalization.

©2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),originally published in Nuclear Physics B. Funded by SCOAP3.We analyze, in the context of a simple toy model, for which renormalization schemes the CP-properties of bare Lagrangian and its finite part coincide. We show that this is the case for the minimal subtraction and on-shell schemes. The CP-properties of the theory can then be characterized by CP-odd basis invariants expressed in terms of renormalized masses and couplings. For the minimal subtraction scheme we furthermore show that in CP-conserving theories the CP-odd basis invariants are zero at any scale but are not renormalization group invariant in CP-violating ones
"My lung disease won't go away, it's there to stay": profiles of adaptation to functional limitations in workers with asthma and COPD.

Contains fulltext :
                  81886.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)PURPOSE: Earlier research has shown that adaptation (i.e., the way in which employees cope with limitations resulting from their disease) is associated with sick leave. Our aim was to investigate signs of adequate or inadequate adaptation in employees with asthma and COPD. METHODS: A Q-methodological study was carried out among 34 workers with asthma or COPD. Results : Four adaptation profiles were distinguished: the eager, the adjusted, the cautious, and the worried workers. The adaptation profiles provide insight into the different ways in which workers with asthma and COPD cope with their illness at work. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation profiles serve as a starting point for the design of appropriate (occupational) care. The eager workers experience little difficulties at work; the cautious workers may need assistance in learning how to accept their disease; the worried workers need reassurance, and may need reactivation; the adjusted workers deserve extra attention, and, when necessary, advice on how to live with their asthma or COPD
A FIELD EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE FOR DATA RETRIEVAL

Although a large number of natural language database interfaces
have been developed, there have been few empirical studies of their
practical usefulness. This paper presents the design and results of a
field evaluation of a natural language system - NLS - used for data
retrieval .
A balanced, multifactorial design comparing NLS with a reference
retrieval language, SQL, is described. The data are analyzed on two
levels: work task (n=87) and query (n=1081). SQL performed better
than NLS on a variety of measures, but NLS required less effort to
use. Subjects performed much poorer than expected based on the
results of laboratory studies. This finding is attributed to the
complexity of the field setting and to optimism in grading laboratory
experiments.
The methodology developed for studying computer languages in real
work settings was successful in consistently measuring differences in
treatments over a variety of conditions.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
Brittle-ductile transition during diamond turning of single crystal silicon carbide

Single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is an ultra hard ceramic material which possesses extremely high hardness following diamond and CBN. In this experimental study, diamond turning of single crystal 6H-SiC was performed at a cutting speed of 1 m/sec on an ultra precision diamond turning machine (Moore Nanotech 350 UPL) to elucidate the microscopic origin of ductile-regime machining. Distilled water (pH value 7) was used as a preferred coolant during the course of machining in order to improve the tribological performance. A high magnification scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FIB- FEI Quanta 3D FEG) was used to examine the cutting tool. An optimum matrix of machining parameters was used to optimize the material removal rate and the machined surface roughness. A surface finish of Ra 9.2 nm, better than any previously reported value on SiC was obtained. Also, tremendously high cutting resistance was offered by SiC resulting in the observation of significant wear marks on the cutting tool just after 1 Km of cutting length. It was found out through a DXR Raman microscope that similar to other classical brittle materials (silicon and germanium etc.) an occurrence of brittle-ductile transition is responsible for the ductile-regime machining of 6H-SiC
Astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation.

We report that, in the rat hippocampus, learning leads to a significant increase in extracellular lactate levels that derive from glycogen, an energy reserve selectively localized in astrocytes. Astrocytic glycogen breakdown and lactate release are essential for long-term but not short-term memory formation, and for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength elicited in vivo. Disrupting the expression of the astrocytic lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) or MCT1 causes amnesia, which, like LTP impairment, is rescued by L-lactate but not equicaloric glucose. Disrupting the expression of the neuronal lactate transporter MCT2 also leads to amnesia that is unaffected by either L-lactate or glucose, suggesting that lactate import into neurons is necessary for long-term memory. Glycogenolysis and astrocytic lactate transporters are also critical for the induction of molecular changes required for memory formation, including the induction of phospho-CREB, Arc, and phospho-cofilin. We conclude that astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation
On Cuspidal Representations of General Linear Groups over Discrete
  Valuation Rings

We define a new notion of cuspidality for representations of $\GL_n$ over a
finite quotient $\Oh_k$ of the ring of integers $\Oh$ of a non-Archimedean
local field $F$ using geometric and infinitesimal induction functors, which
involve automorphism groups $G_\lambda$ of torsion $\Oh$\nobreakdash-modules.
When $n$ is a prime, we show that this notion of cuspidality is equivalent to
strong cuspidality, which arises in the construction of supercuspidal
representations of $\GL_n(F)$. We show that strongly cuspidal representations
share many features of cuspidal representations of finite general linear
groups. In the function field case, we show that the construction of the
representations of $\GL_n(\Oh_k)$ for $k\geq 2$ for all $n$ is equivalent to
the construction of the representations of all the groups $G_\lambda$. A
functional equation for zeta functions for representations of $\GL_n(\Oh_k)$ is
established for representations which are not contained in an infinitesimally
induced representation. All the cuspidal representations for $\GL_4(\Oh_2)$ are
constructed. Not all these representations are strongly cuspidal.Comment: 20 pages (revised
Chern-Simons pre-quantization over four-manifolds

We introduce a pre-symplectic structure on the space of connections in a
G-principal bundle over a four-manifold and a Hamiltonian action on it of the
group of gauge transformations that are trivial on the boundary. The moment map
is given by the square of curvature so that the 0-level set is the space of
flat connections. Thus the moduli space of flat connections is endowed with a
pre-symplectic structure. In case when the four-manifold is null-cobordant we
shall construct, on the moduli space of connections, as well as on that of flat
connections, a hermitian line bundle with connection whose curvature is given
by the pre-symplectic form. This is the Chern-Simons pre-quantum line bundle.
The group of gauge transformations on the boundary of the base manifold acts on
the moduli space of flat connections by an infinitesimally symplectic way. When
the base manifold is a 4-dimensional disc we show that this action is lifted to
the pre-quantum line bundle by its abelian extension. The geometric description
of the latter is related to the 4-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten model. The
previous version of this arxiv text had several incoincidence with the
published article in the Differential Geometry and its Applications vol.29, so
the author corrected them.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math/051026
Model-independent search for CP violation in D0 to K-K+pi-pi+ and D0 to pi-pi+pi+pi- decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0D0 and View the MathML sourceD¯0 decays to the final states K−K+π−π+K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π−π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−11.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π−π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity