pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A chemical solver to compute molecule and grain abundances and non-ideal
  MHD resistivities in prestellar core collapse calculations

We develop a detailed chemical network relevant to the conditions
characteristic of prestellar core collapse. We solve the system of
time-dependent differential equations to calculate the equilibrium abundances
of molecules and dust grains, with a size distribution given by size-bins for
these latter. These abundances are used to compute the different non-ideal
magneto-hydrodynamics resistivities (ambipolar, Ohmic and Hall), needed to
carry out simulations of protostellar collapse. For the first time in this
context, we take into account the evaporation of the grains, the thermal
ionisation of Potassium, Sodium and Hydrogen at high temperature, and the
thermionic emission of grains in the chemical network, and we explore the
impact of various cosmic ray ionisation rates. All these processes
significantly affect the non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics resistivities, which
will modify the dynamics of the collapse. Ambipolar diffusion and Hall effect
dominate at low densities, up to n_H = 10^12 cm^-3, after which Ohmic diffusion
takes over. We find that the time-scale needed to reach chemical equilibrium is
always shorter than the typical dynamical (free fall) one. This allows us to
build a large, multi-dimensional multi-species equilibrium abundance table over
a large temperature, density and ionisation rate ranges. This table, which we
make accessible to the community, is used during first and second prestellar
core collapse calculations to compute the non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics
resistivities, yielding a consistent dynamical-chemical description of this
process.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 14 pages, 26 figure
Measurement of the pp to ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in four- lepton final states at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement of inclusive ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV are presented. A data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 inverse femtobarns was collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes ZZ to lll'l', where l = e, mu and l' = e, mu, tau. The measured total cross section, sigma(pp to ZZ) = 7.7 +/- 0.5 (stat.) +0.5-0.4 (syst.) +/- 0.4 (theo.) +/- 0.2 (lum.) pb for both Z bosons produced in the mass range 60 &lt; m[Z] &lt; 120 GeV, is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are measured and well described by the theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ gamma &lt; 0.004, -0.005 &lt; f[4, gamma] &lt; 0.005, and -0.005 &lt; f[5, gamma] &lt; 0.005
Two proofs of the Bermond-Thomassen conjecture for tournaments with bounded minimum in-degree

International audienceThe Bermond-Thomassen conjecture states that, for any positive integer r, a digraph of minimum out-degree at least 2r − 1 contains at least r vertex-disjoint directed cycles. Thomassen proved that it is true when r = 2, and very recently the conjecture was proved for the case where r = 3. It is still open for larger values of r, even when restricted to (regular) tournaments. In this paper, we present two proofs of this conjecture for tournaments with minimum in-degree at least 2r − 1. In particular, this shows that the conjecture is true for almost regular tournament. In the ﬁrst proof, we prove auxiliary results about union of sets contained in other union of sets, that might be of independent interest. The second one uses a more graph-theoretical approach, by studying the properties of a maximum set of vertex-disjoint directed triangles
The capsids of HIV-1 and HIV-2 determine immune detection of the viral cDNA by the innate sensor cGAS in dendritic cells.

International audienceHIV-2 is less pathogenic for humans than HIV-1 and might provide partial cross-protection from HIV-1-induced pathology. Although both viruses replicate in the T cells of infected patients, only HIV-2 replicates efficiently in dendritic cells (DCs) and activates innate immune pathways. How HIV is sensed in DC is unknown. Capsid-mutated HIV-2 revealed that sensing by the host requires viral cDNA synthesis, but not nuclear entry or genome integration. The HIV-1 capsid prevented viral cDNA sensing up to integration, allowing the virus to escape innate recognition. In contrast, DCs sensed capsid-mutated HIV-1 and enhanced stimulation of T cells in the absence of productive infection. Finally, we found that DC sensing of HIV-1 and HIV-2 required the DNA sensor cGAS. Thus, the HIV capsid is a determinant of innate sensing of the viral cDNA by cGAS in dendritic cells. This pathway might potentially be harnessed to develop effective vaccines against HIV-1
Semiclassical tunnelling of wavepackets with real trajectories

International audienceSemiclassical approximations for tunnelling processes usually involve complex trajectories or complex times. In this paper, we use a previously derived approximation involving only real trajectories propagating in real time to describe the scattering of a Gaussian wavepacket by a ﬁnite square potential barrier. We show that the approximation describes both tunnelling and interferences very accurately in the limit of small Planck's constant. We use these results to estimate the tunnelling time of the wavepacket and ﬁnd that, for high energies, the barrier slows down the wavepacket but that it speeds it up at energies comparable to the barrier height
Forced generation of simple and double emulsions in all-aqueous system

International audienceWe report an easy-to-implement method that allows the direct generation of water-in-water (w/w) single emulsions. The method relies on direct perturbation of the pressure that drives the flow of the dispersed phase of the emulsions. The resultant inner jet is induced to break up into droplets due to the growth of the perturbation through Rayleigh-Plateau instability [L. Rayleigh, Proc. R. Soc. London 29, 71-97 (1879)]; this leads to the formation of monodisperse droplets. By implementing this method on a modiﬁed microfluidic device, we directly generate water-in-water-in-water (w/w/w) double emulsions with good control over the size and the number of encapsulated droplets. Our approach suggests a new route to apply droplet-based microfluidics to completely water-based systems
BDNF in the Dentate Gyrus Is Required for Consolidation of ‘‘Pattern-Separated’’ Memories

Successful memory involves not only remembering information over time, but also keeping memories distinct and less confusable. The computational process for making representations for similar input patterns more distinct from each other has been referred to as ‘‘pattern separation.’’ In this work, we developed a set of behavioral conditions that allowed us to manipulate the load for pattern separation at different stages of memory. Thus, we provide experimental evidence that a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent pattern separation process occurs during the encoding/storage/ consolidation, but not the retrieval stage of memory processing. We also found that a spontaneous increase in BDNF in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is associated with exposure to landmarks delineating similar, but not dissimilar, spatial locations, suggesting that BDNF is expressed on an ‘‘as-needed’’ basis for pattern separation.Fil: Bekinschtein, Pedro Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias; Argentina; University of Cambridge; Inglaterra; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina;Fil: Kent, Brianne A.. University of Cambridge; Inglaterra;Fil: Oomen, Charlotte. University of Cambridge; Inglaterra;Fil: Clemenson, Gregory D.. Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Estados Unidos de América;Fil: Gage, Fred H.. Salk Institute for Biological Studies; Estados Unidos de América;Fil: Saksida, Lisa M.. University of Cambridge; Inglaterra;Fil: Bussey, Timothy J.. University of Cambridge; Inglaterra
An X-ray characterization of the central region of the supernova remnant G332.5-5.6

Aims. We present an X-ray analysis of the central region of supernova remnant (SNR) G332.5−5.6 through an exhaustive analysis of XMM-Netwon observations with complementary infrared observations. We characterize and discuss the origin of the observed X-ray morphology, which presents a peculiar plane edge over the west side of the central region.
Methods. The morphology and spectral properties of the X-ray SNR were studied using a single full frame XMM-Newton observation in the 0.3 to 10.0 keV energy band. Archival infrared WISE observations at 8, 12 and 24 μm were also used to investigate the properties of the source and its surroundings at different wavelengths.
Results. The results show that the extended X-ray emission is predominantly soft (0.3−1.2 keV) and peaks around 0.5 keV, which shows that it is an extremely soft SNR. X-ray emission correlates very well with central regions of bright radio emission. On the west side the radio/X-ray emission displays a plane-like feature with a terminal wall where strong infrared emission is detected. Our spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis confirms that the emission is dominated by weak atomic emission lines of N, O, Ne, and Fe, all of them undetected in previous X-ray studies. These characteristics suggest that the X-ray emission is originated in an optically thin thermal plasma, whose radiation is well fitted by a non-equilibrium ionization collisional plasma (VNEI) X-ray emission model. Our study favors a scenario where G332.5-5.6 is expanding in a medium with an abrupt density change (the wall), likely a dense infrared emitting region of dust on the western side of the source.Fil: Suárez, Alejandra Etelvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Combi, Jorge Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Albacete Colombo, Juan Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro. Sede Andina. Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Naturales y de Ingenieria; ArgentinaFil: Paron, Sergio Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio(i); ArgentinaFil: García, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Miceli, Marco. INAF Observatorio Astronómico di Palermo; Itali
CO excitation of normal star-forming galaxies out to z = 1.5 as regulated by the properties of their interstellar medium

International audienceWe investigate the CO excitation of normal (near-IR selected BzK) star-forming (SF) disk galaxies at z = 1.5 using IRAM Plateau de Bure observations of the CO[2–1], CO[3–2], and CO[5–4] transitions for four galaxies, including VLA observations of CO[1–0] for three of them, with the aim of constraining the average state of H2 gas. By exploiting previous knowledge of the velocity range, spatial extent, and size of the CO emission, we measure reliable line fluxes with a signal-to-noise ratio >4–7 for individual transitions. While the average CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) has a subthermal excitation similar to the Milky Way (MW) up to CO[3–2], we show that the average CO[5–4] emission is four times stronger than assuming MW excitation. This demonstrates that there is an additional component of more excited, denser, and possibly warmer molecular gas. The ratio of CO[5–4] to lower-J CO emission is lower than in local (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and high-redshift starbursting submillimeter galaxies, however, and appears to be closely correlated with the average intensity of the radiation field ⟨ U ⟩ and with the star formation surface density, but not with the star formation efficiency. The luminosity of the CO[5–4] transition is found to be linearly correlated with the bolometric infrared luminosity over four orders of magnitudes. For this transition, z = 1.5 BzK galaxies follow the same linear trend as local spirals and (U)LIRGs and high-redshift star-bursting submillimeter galaxies. The CO[5–4] luminosity is thus empirically related to the dense gas and might be a more convenient way to probe it than standard high-density tracers that are much fainter than CO. We see excitation variations among our sample galaxies that can be linked to their evolutionary state and clumpiness in optical rest-frame images. In one galaxy we see spatially resolved excitation variations, where the more highly excited part of the galaxy corresponds to the location of massive SF clumps. This provides support to models that suggest that giant clumps are the main source of the high-excitation CO emission in high-redshift disk-like galaxies
Galactic cosmic rays measured by UVS on Voyager 1 and the end of the modulation. Is the upwind heliopause a collapsed charge-exchange layer?

International audienceThe detectors of the Ultraviolet Spectrographs (UVS) on Voyager 1/2 are recording a background intensity that was earlier assigned mainly to disintegrations in the radio-isotope thermoelectric generator and systematically subtracted from the signal to infer photon counting. Here, we show that it arises instead from galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). We show the GCR flux measured by UVS on Voyager 1 from 1992 to August 2013, and by comparing to data from the GCR dedicated detectors, we estimate the energy range responsible for this UVS signal, which is around 300 MeV, and the response of UVS to the GCR anisotropy. After the abrupt jumps of May and August 2012, the count rate has been only slightly fluctuating around a constant value. However, comparing it to the data from the Low Energy Charge Particle Experiment (LECP) and the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS) shows that those small variations are only responses to a varying anisotropy and not to a flux change. Taking advantage of the similarity in energy range to one of the products of the CRS instrument suite, we use the ratio between the two independent signals as a proxy for the temporal evolution of the GCR spectral slope around the 300 MeV range. We show that this slope remained unchanged since August 2012 and find strong evidence that it will no longer vary, implying the end of the heliospheric modulation at those energies, and that Voyager 1 at this date is near or past the heliopause. The origin of this unexpectedly narrow and stagnating inner heliosheath is still unclear, and we discuss the potential effects of low solar wind speed episodes and subsequent self-amplified charge-exchange with interstellar neutrals, as a source of deceleration and collapse. We suggest that the quasi-static region encountered by Voyager 1 may be related to such effects, triggered by the strong solar-maximum variability. This did not happen for Voyager 2 due to its trajectory at an angle further from the heliosphere axis and a later termination shock crossing. The existence on the upwind side of a mixing layer formed by charge transfer instead of a pure plasma contact discontinuity could explain various Voyager 1 observations
Banks' Procyclical Behavior: Does Provisioning Matter?

International audienceA panel of 186 European banks is used for the period 1992-2004 to determine if banking behaviors, induced by the capital adequacy constraint and the provisioning system, amplify credit fluctuations. Our nding is consistent with the bank capital channel hypothesis, which means that poorly capitalized banks constrained to expand credit. We also find that loan loss provisions (LLP) made in order to cover identified credit losses (non discretionary LLP) amplify credit fluctuations. Indeed, non discretionary LLP evolve cyclically. This leads to misevaluation of expected credit risk which affect banks'incentives grant new loans since lending costs are misstated. By contrast, LLP used for management objectives discretionary LLP) do not affect credit fluctuations. The findings of our research are consistent with the call for the implementation of a dynamic provisioning system in Europe
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons decaying to two bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton–proton collisions at View the MathML sources=8 TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons that in turn each decays into a bottom quark–antiquark pair is performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 fb−1. No evidence for a signal is observed. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section for such a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV, and a Kaluza–Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level
The effect of different defects and hydrogels for nucleus replacements on the biomechanical response of the intervertebral disc

Publicado em "Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine", vol. 7, supp. 1 (2013)Hydrogels offer unique opportunities for regenerative strategies of the
intervertebral disc. A nucleotomy necessary for the implantation of hydrogels,
however, disrupts the annulus integrity and destroys natural
interfaces in the disc. To clarify whether hydrogels can restore the
mechanical competence of the disc an experimental testwas used. Intradiscal
pressure(IDP) in an ovine disc was measured in vivo for 24 h and
adapted to an axial compressive test consisting of three cycles 15-min
diurnal and 30-min night load. To study the fluid mechanics, 30 motion
segments in different defect conditions were used: (i) INTACT; (ii) DEFANN:
isolated annulus defect; (iii) DEF-NUC: re-implanted nucleus; (iv)
DDAHA and (v) iGG-MA: two hydrogels. DEF-ANN showed no significant
difference in disc height loss or IDP compared to INTACT, while
DEF-NUC reduced the IDP by ~30%(p = 0.03) and tended to increase
the height loss(p = 0.2). Both DDAHA and iGG-MA better reflected the
height loss of INTACT, but caused an even stronger loss in IDP than
DEF-NUC(~34%). Neither the hydrogels nor the re-implanted nucleus,
assumed to be the ideal implant, could restore the mechanical functionality
of the disc. Hydrogels designed to mimic the mechanical behavior
of the native nucleus may fail in restoring IDP due to the destruction of
natural interfaces and an inappropriate annulus closure. To regain a biomechanical
equivalent of the natural nucleus, more attention needs to
be paid to the anchoring of the substitute inside the disc
Search for heavy bottom-like quarks in 4.9 fb-1 of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.5 (2012): 123 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMResults are presented from a search for heavy bottom-like quarks, pair-produced in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV, undertaken with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The b′ quarks are assumed to decay exclusively to tW. The b′b̄′ → tW-t̄W+ process can be identified by its distinctive signatures of three leptons or two leptons of same charge, and at least one b-quark jet. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb-1, observed events are compared to the standard model background predictions, and the existence of b′ quarks having masses below 611 GeV/c2 is excluded at 95% confidence leve
Understanding COPD: a vision on phenotypes, comorbidities and treatment approach.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) phenotypes have become increasingly recognized as important for grouping patients with similar presentation and/or behavior, within the heterogeneity of the disease. The primary aim of identifying phenotypes is to provide patients with the best health care possible, tailoring the therapeutic approach to each patient. However, the identification of specific phenotypes has been hindered by several factors such as which specific attributes are relevant, which discriminant features should be used for assigning patients to specific phenotypes, and how relevant are they to the therapeutic approach, prognostic and clinical outcome. Moreover, the definition of phenotype is still not consensual. Comorbidities, risk factors, modifiable risk factors and disease severity, although not phenotypes, have impact across all COPD phenotypes. Although there are some identified phenotypes that are fairly consensual, many others have been proposed, but currently lack validation. The on-going debate about which instruments and tests should be used in the identification and definition of phenotypes has contributed to this uncertainty. In this paper, the authors review present knowledge regarding COPD phenotyping, discuss the role of phenotypes and comorbidities on the severity of COPD, propose new phenotypes and suggest a phenotype-based pharmacological therapeutic approach. The authors conclude that a patient-tailored treatment approach, which takes into account each patient's specific attributes and specificities, should be pursued
CP violation and limits on New Physics including recent B-s measurements

We analyse present constraints on the SM parameter space and derive, in a model independent way, various bounds on New Physics contributions to B-d(0)-(B) over bar (0)(d) and B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) mixings. Our analyses include information on a large set of asymmetries, leading to the measurement of the CKM phases gamma and (beta) over bar, as well as recent data from D0 and CDF related to the B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) system such as the measurement of Delta MBs, A and Delta Gamma(CP)(S). We examine in detail several observables such as the asymmetries A(sl)(d), A, the width differences Delta Gamma(d) and Delta Gamma(CP)(S) and discuss the role they play in establishing the limits on New Physics. The present data clearly favour the SM, with the New Physics favoured region placed around the SM solution. A New Physics solution significantly different from the SM is still allowed, albeit quite disfavoured (2.6% probability). We analyse the presently available indirect knowledge on the phase (chi) over bar entering in B-s(0)-B-s(0) mixing and study the impact of a future measurement of (chi) over bar to be achieved at LHC, through the measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in B-s -> J/Psi theta decays