pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical stack filtering : a bitplane-based algorithm for massively parallel processors

With the development of novel parallel architectures for image processing, the implementation 
of well-known image operators needs to be reformulated to take advantage of the so-called 
massive parallelism. In this work, we propose a general algorithm that implements a large 
class of nonlinear filters, called stack filters, with a 2D-array processor. The proposed method consists of decomposing an image into bitplanes with the bitwise decomposition, and then process every bitplane hierarchically. The filtered image is reconstructed by simply stacking the filtered bitplanes according to their order of significance. Owing to its hierarchical structure, our algorithm allows us to trade-off between image quality and processing time, and to significantly reduce the computation time of low-entropy images. Also, experimental tests show that the processing time of our method is substantially lower than that of classical methods when using large structuring elements. All these features are of interest to a variety of real-time applications based on morphological operations such as video segmentation and video enhancement
Measurements of properties of the Higgs boson decaying into the
  four-lepton final state in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

Properties of the Higgs boson are measured in the H to ZZ to 4l (l= e, mu)
decay channel. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV,
collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 35.9 inverse femtobarns is used. The signal strength modifier mu,
defined as the ratio of the observed Higgs boson rate in the H to ZZ to 4l
decay channel to the standard model expectation, is measured to be mu = 1.05
+0.19/-0.17 at m[H ]= 125.09 GeV, the combined ATLAS and CMS measurement of the
Higgs boson mass. The signal strength modifiers for the individual Higgs boson
production modes are also measured. The cross section in the fiducial phase
space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology is
measured to be 2.92 +0.48/-0.44 (stat) +0.28/-0.24 (syst) fb, which is
compatible with the standard model prediction of 2.76 +/- 0.14 fb. Differential
cross sections are reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the
Higgs boson, the number of associated jets, and the transverse momentum of the
leading associated jet. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be m[H] = 125.26
+/- 0.21 GeV and the width is constrained using on-shell production to be
Gamma[H] < 1.10 GeV, at 95% confidence level.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-16-041
  (CMS Public Pages
Fission Fragment Angular Distribution measurements of 235U and 238U at CERN n-TOF facility

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. EJP Web of Conferences 111, 10002 (2016). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201611110002. ?? 2016 The Authors. Published by EDP Sciences.Neutron-induced fission cross sections of 238U and 235U are used as standards in the fast neutron region up to 200 MeV. A high accuracy of the standards is relevant to experimentally determine other neutron reaction cross sections. Therefore, the detection effciency should be corrected by using the angular distribution of the fission fragments (FFAD), which are barely known above 20 MeV. In addition, the angular distribution of the fragments produced in the fission of highly excited and deformed nuclei is an important observable to investigate the nuclear fission process. In order to measure the FFAD of neutron-induced reactions, a fission detection setup based on parallel-plate avalanche counters (PPACs) has been developed and successfully used at the CERN-n-TOF facility. In this work, we present the preliminary results on the analysis of new 235U(n,f) and 238U(n,f) data in the extended energy range up to 200 MeV compared to the existing experimental data
Statistical interpretation of the spatial distribution of current 130
  GeV gamma-ray line signal within the dark matter annihilation scenario

Recently, several groups identified a tentative $\gamma$-ray line signal with
energy $\sim 130$ GeV in the central Galaxy from the Fermi-LAT data. %The
morphology study shows that the signal is consistent with dark matter
%annihilation, but with an offset $\sim 220$ pc ($1.5^{\circ}$) of the %center
from the Galactic center Sgr A$^{\star}$, Such a $\gamma-$ray line can be
interpreted as the signal of dark matter annihilation. However, the offset
$\sim 220$ pc ($1.5^{\circ}$) of the center of the most prominent signal region
from the Galactic center Sgr A$^{\star}$ has been thought to challenge the dark
matter annihilation interpretation. Considering the fact that such a 130 GeV
$\gamma$-ray line signal consists of only $\sim14$ photons, we suggest that the
"imperfect" consistency of these photons with the expected dark matter
distribution is due to the limited statistics. The offset will be smaller as
more signal photons have been collected in the near future. Our Monte Carlo
simulation supports the above speculation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Lett. B in pres
Staphylococcal serine protease-like proteins are pacemakers of allergic airway reactions to Staphylococcus aureus

Background: A substantial subgroup of asthmatic patients have "nonallergic'' or idiopathic asthma, which often takes a severe course and is difficult to treat. The cause might be allergic reactions to the gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, a frequent colonizer of the upper airways. However, the driving allergens of S aureus have remained elusive. 
Objective: We sought to search for potentially allergenic S aureus proteins and characterize the immune response directed against them. 
Methods: S aureus extracellular proteins targeted by human serum IgG4 were identified by means of immunoblotting to screen for potential bacterial allergens. Candidate antigens were expressed as recombinant proteins and used to analyze the established cellular and humoral immune responses in healthy adults and asthmatic patients. The ability to induce a type 2 immune response in vivo was tested in a mouse asthma model. 
Results: We identified staphylococcal serine protease-like proteins (Spls) as dominant IgG4-binding S aureus proteins. SplA through SplF are extracellular proteases of unknown function expressed by S aureus in vivo. Spls elicited IgE antibody responses in most asthmatic patients. In healthy S aureus carriers and noncarriers, peripheral blood T cells elaborated TH2 cytokines after stimulation with Spls, as is typical for allergens. In contrast, TH1/TH17 cytokines, which dominated the response to S aureusahemolysin, were of low concentration or absent. In mice inhalation of SplD without adjuvant induced lung inflammation characterized by TH2 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration. 
Conclusion: We identify Spls as triggering allergens released by S aureus, opening prospects for diagnosis and causal therapy of asthma
Measurement of the Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV

The Drell-Yan differential cross section is measured in pp collisions at √ s = 7TeV, from a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1. The cross section measurement, normalized to the measured cross section in the Z region, is reported for both the dimuon and dielectron channels in the dilepton invariant mass range 15{600 GeV. The normalized cross section values are quoted both in the full phase space and within the detector acceptance. The effect of final state radiation is also identified. The results are found to agree with theoretical predictions. Copyright CERN.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Measurements of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) differential cross sections in pp collisions at s=7TeV

Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum pT are presented for the production of ϒ(nS) (n = 1, 2, 3) states decaying into a pair of muons. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9fb-1 in pp collisions at s=7TeV were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis selects events with dimuon rapidity |y|<1.2 and dimuon transverse momentum in the range 10<pT<100GeV. The measurements show a transition from an exponential to a power-law behavior at pT≈20GeV for the three ϒ states. Above that transition, the ϒ(3S) spectrum is significantly harder than that of the ϒ(1S). The ratios of the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) differential cross sections to the ϒ(1S) cross section show a rise as pT increases at low pT, then become flatter at higher pT.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Look before you leap : a confidence-based method for selecting species criticality while avoiding negative populations in τ-leaping

The stochastic simulation algorithm was introduced by Gillespie and in a different form by Kurtz. There have been many attempts at accelerating the algorithm without deviating from the behavior of the simulated system. The crux of the explicit τ-leaping procedure is the use of Poisson random variables to approximate the number of occurrences of each type of reaction event during a carefully selected time period, τ. This method is acceptable providing the leap condition, that no propensity function changes “significantly” during any time-step, is met. Using this method there is a possibility that species numbers can, artificially, become negative. Several recent papers have demonstrated methods that avoid this situation. One such method classifies, as critical, those reactions in danger of sending species populations negative. At most, one of these critical reactions is allowed to occur in the next time-step. We argue that the criticality of a reactant species and its dependent reaction channels should be related to the probability of the species number becoming negative. This way only reactions that, if fired, produce a high probability of driving a reactant population negative are labeled critical. The number of firings of more reaction channels can be approximated using Poisson random variables thus speeding up the simulation while maintaining the accuracy. In implementing this revised method of criticality selection we make use of the probability distribution from which the random variable describing the change in species number is drawn. We give several numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of our new method
Child health and the income gradient in Australia: the role of chronic conditions

In this paper we utilise data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian (LSAC) to examine the question of how the income-child health gradient, which has attracted much attention from the researchers in recent years, may be explained. Our results show that a previous health shock,\ud
as measured by chronic conditions, increases the probability of a child being reported as being in poor health in current period. We find that income has a protective effect on child health, but our interaction term of family income and the lagged health shock is not statistically signicant.\ud
Therefore, our results do not provide any evidence that low-SES households are less able to manage a health shock than the high-SES household. Interestingly, we also do not find any convincing evidence that low-SES Australian children are subject to more health shocks. We speculate that the extensive and universal public healthcare system in Australia may offset some of the important health-related disadvantages that are associated with low incomes in other countries
The BASES expert statement on the use of music in exercise

Music use by exercisers and athletes has become commonplace but selection of music is often intuitive rather than scientific. For this reason, sport and exercise scientists have considered the role of evidence-based music prescription for physical activity. In this expert statement we will outline the current status of music research, summarise research themes and findings, and conclude with recommendations for practitioners and researchers. As the title of the statement suggests, the evidence presented refers primarily to exercise participants rather than elite athletes
Evaporation and sapflow dynamics during sprinkler irrigation of cotton

Quantifying the various components of evapotranspiration during sprinkler irrigation is not only challenging but also difficult to measure and validate using traditional methods. In this paper, measurements of the varying rates of ET using precision energy budget/eddy covariance measurements and sapflow in cotton before, during and after sprinkler irrigation are reported. The trials were carried out at a small scale using small impact type sprinkler irrigation system. Nondimensionalisation of the measured ET and sapflow rates with respect to atmospheric evaporative demand permitted superposition and averaging of multiple time series of data for each of the three phases of irrigation. 

Significantly higher values of evaporation and reduced values of sapflow were measured during sprinkler irrigation of the cotton crop. The reason for the higher rate of evaporation during irrigation was identified as the evaporation of intercepted water on the canopy, which varied with crop canopy development, and possibly some droplet evaporation during flight. A decreasing rate of evaporation following irrigation represented drying of the residual intercepted water remaining on the canopy after irrigation. Sapflow measurements showed a considerable reduction in transpiration during irrigation and indicated that canopy evaporation is the dominant component of total evapotranspiration during sprinkler irrigation.
The evolutionary dynamics of tolerance

This paper incorporates the phenomenon of tolerance, as the ability to
accept diversity, into an economic analysis showing how different
aptitudes to trust and cooperation can affect economic outcomes. In
the economic system we propose, tolerance is associated with the
different weight that agents attribute to their own nature and to the
institutional parameters in their utility function. We thus construct
a model of overlapping generations, showing that the incentives that
influence descendants’ predisposition to tolerance depend on both
institutional factors, where behaviour is imposed by rules, and on
social (or cultural) factors, found in popular customs and established
traditions. Our study highlights the absolute impossibility of
affirming tolerance through formal rules. In fact, intolerance is a
persistent attitude and its control is only possible through constant
and continuous interventions on the educational processes of new
generations (intolerance trap).
Carbon nanotubes in TiO(2) nanofiber photoelectrodes for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Published online: January 20, 20171D semiconducting oxides are unique structures that have been widely used for photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their capability to provide a direct pathway for charge transport. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have played multifunctional roles in a range of PV cells because of their fascinating properties. Herein, the influence of CNTs on the PV performance of 1D titanium dioxide nanofiber (TiO2 NF) photoelectrode perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is systematically explored. Among the different types of CNTs, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) incorporated in the TiO2 NF photoelectrode PSCs show a significant enhancement (≈40%) in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to control cells. SWCNTs incorporated in TiO2 NFs provide a fast electron transfer within the photoelectrode, resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current (J sc) value. On the basis of our theoretical calculations, the improved open-circuit voltage (V oc) of the cells can be attributed to a shift in energy level of the photoelectrodes after the introduction of SWCNTs. Furthermore, it is found that the incorporation of SWCNTs into TiO2 NFs reduces the hysteresis effect and improves the stability of the PSC devices. In this study, the best performing PSC device constructed with SWCNT structures achieves a PCE of 14.03%.Munkhbayar Batmunkh, Thomas J. Macdonald, Cameron J. Shearer, Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene, Yun Wang, Mark J. Biggs, Ivan P. Parkin, Thomas Nann, and Joseph G. Shapte
PMO as a Key Ingredient of Public Sector Projects' Success - Position Paper

The requirements of public administration institutions are increasing and projects becoming progressively challenging. Managing a project is a complex activity, in particular when it involves many people working over long periods of time and many different stakeholders. This increasing complexity requires management practices and tools that assure an efficient use of resources. In this context, a Project Management Office (PMO) can be of great value. In this position paper we discuss several scenarios for PMO implementation in the public administration sector, as a promoter of project success and a key ingredient for a better resources usage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Threshold resummation at N3LL accuracy and soft-virtual cross sections at N3LO

We consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of colorless high-mass systems in hadron collisions. We show that the recent computation of the soft-virtual corrections to Higgs boson production at N3LO together with the universality structure of soft-gluon emission can be exploited to extract the general expression of the hard-virtual coefficient that contributes to threshold resummation at N3LL accuracy. The hard-virtual coefficient is directly related to the process-dependent virtual amplitude through a universal (process-independent) factorization formula that we explicitly evaluate up to three-loop order. As an application, we present the explicit expression of the soft-virtual N3LO corrections for the production of an arbitrary colorless system. In the case of the Drell–Yan process, we confirm the recent result of Ref. [2]Fil: Catani, Stefano. Universita Degli Studi Di Firenze; ItaliaFil: Cieri, Leandro Javier. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitarias Roma la Sapienza; Italia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: de Florian, Daniel Enrique. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferrera, Giancarlo. Universita Degli Studi Di Milano; ItaliaFil: Grazzini, Massimiliano. Universitat Zurich; Suiz
Developing Cognitive Task Analysis and the importance of Socio-cognitive competence/insight for Professional Practice

Accelerating the cognitive expertise of professionals is a critical challenge for many organizations. This paper reports a collaborative, longitudinal, academic practitioner project which aimed to elicit, document and accelerate the cognitive expertise of engineering professionals working with the manufacture and management of petroleum additives. 25 engineering experts were trained by three academic psychologists to use applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) interview techniques in order to document the cognition of their expert peers. Results had high face validity for practitioners who elicited hot/sensory based cognition, a number of perceptual skills and mental models, highlighting undocumented context specific expertise. We conclude from a peer review of findings, combined with experienced CTA analysts that ACTA techniques can be advanced in context by the explicit recognition and development of socio-cognitive competence /insight
Numerical Study On Heat Transfer Enhancement And Fluid Flow for Low Concentration of Al2O3 Water - Ethylene Glycol Mixture Nanofluid in A Single PEMFC Cooling Plate

Numerical analysis on thermal enhancement for a single Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cooling\ud
plate is presented in this paper. In this study, low concentration of Al2O3 in Water - Ethylene Glycol mixtures was used as coolant in 220mm x 300mm cooling plate with 22 parallel mini channels of 1 x 5 x 100mm. This cooling\ud
plate mimiced conventional PEMFC cooling plate as it was made of carbon graphite. Large header was added to have\ud
an even velocity distribution across all Re number studied. The cooling plate was subjected to a constant heat flux of\ud
100W that represented the artificial heat load of a single cell. Al2O3 nano particle volume % concentration of 0.1 and\ud
0.5 vol was dispersed in 50:50 (water: Ethylene Glycol) mixtures. The effect of different flow rates to heat transfer enhancement and fluid flow in Re range of 30 to 150 were observed. The result showed that thermal performance has improved by 7.3 and 4.6% for 0.5 and 0.1 vol % Al2O3 consecutively in 50:50 (water:EG) as compared to base fluid of 50:50 (water:EG). It is shown that the higher vol % concentration of Al2O3 the better the heat transfer enhancement but at the expense of higher pumping power required as much as 0.04W due to increase in pressure\ud
drop
Induction of antioxidative Nrf2 gene transcription by coffee in humans : depending on genotype?

The Nrf2/ARE pathway is a major cellular defense mechanism that prevents damage by reactive oxygen species through induction of antioxidative phase II enzymes. However, the activity of the Nrf2/ARE system is not uniform with variability in response presumed to be dependent on the Nrf2 genotype. We recently completed a pilot human coffee intervention trial with healthy humans, where large interindividual differences in the antioxidative response to the study coffee were examined. Here, we address the question whether differences in the modulation of Nrf2 gene transcription, assessed as an induction of Nrf2 gene transcription by Q-PCR, might be correlated with specific Nrf2 genotypes. To date, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the Nrf2 (NFE2L2) gene. Two of these, the -617C/A and -651G/A SNPs are located within the promoter region and have previously been reported to influence the activity of the Nrf2/ARE pathway by reducing Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Sequencing of the critical Nrf2 gene promoter region not only confirmed the existence of these SNPs within the participants of the trial at the expected frequency (33% carrying the -617C/A, 17% the -651G/A and 56% the -653A/G SNP) but also indicated reduced Nrf2 gene transcription associated with a normal diet if the SNPs at position -617, -651 or -653 were present. Of note, the data also indicated the study coffee increased Nrf2 gene transcription even in SNP carriers. This further highlights the relevance of genotype-dependent induction of Nrf2 gene transcription that appears to be largely influenced by dietary factors