pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Universal scaling in a trapped Fermi super-fluid in the BCS-unitarity
  crossover

Using numerical simulation based on a density-functional equation for a
trapped Fermi super-fluid valid along the BCS-unitarity crossover, we establish
robust scaling over many orders of magnitude in the observables of the system
as a function of fermion number. This scaling allows to predict the static
properties of the system, such as energy, chemical potential, etc., for a large
number of fermions, over the crossover, from the knowledge of those for a small
number ($\sim 4-10$) of fermions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the 18th International Laser
  Physics Workshop, Barcelona, Spain, July 13 - 17, 200
Nutritional stress enhances cell viability of odontoblast-like cells subjected to low level laser irradiation

In spite of knowing that cells under stress are biostimulated by low level laser (LLL) irradiation, the ideal condition of stress to different cell lines has not yet been established. Consequently, the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a defined parameter of LLL irradiation applied on stressed odontoblast-like pulp cells (MDPC-23). The cells were seeded (12500 cells/cm2) in wells of 24-well plates using complete culture medium (DMEM) and incubated for 24 hours. Then, the DMEM was replaced by a new medium with low concentrations (nutritional stress condition) of fetal bovine serum (FBS) giving rise to the following experimental groups: G1: 2% FBS; G2: 5% FBS; and G3: 10% FBS. The cells were irradiated three times with LLL in specific parameters (808±3 nm, 100 mW, 1.5 J/cm2) every 24 hours. No irradiation was carried out in groups G4 (2% FBS-Control), G5 (5% FBS-Control), and G6 (10% FBS-Control). For all groups, the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and morphology (SEM) was evaluated. The experimental groups showed enhanced cell metabolism and normal cell morphology regardless of FBS concentration. A slight increase in the cell metabolism was observed only in group G2. It was concluded that cell nutritional stress caused by reducing the concentration of FBS to 5% is the most suitable method to assess the biostimulation of LLL irradiated MDPC-23 cells.FAPESP (07/50646-3, 08/08424-6, and 08/54785-0)CNPq (476137/2006, 301029/2007-5
Turbulent superfluid as continuous vortex mixture

A statistical model is advanced for describing quantum turbulence in a
superfluid system with Bose-Einstein condensate. Such a turbulent superfluid
can be realized for trapped Bose atoms subject to either an alternating
trapping potential or to an alternating magnetic field modulating the atomic
scattering length by means of Feshbach resonance. The turbulent system is
represented as a continuous mixture of states each of which is characterized by
its own vorticity corresponding to a particular vortex.Comment: Latex file, 22 pages, one figur
Spatially-antisymmetric localization of matter wave in a bichromatic
  optical lattice

By direct numerical simulation of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii
equation using the split-step Fourier spectral method we study the
double-humped localization of a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in
a one-dimensional bichromatic quasi-periodic optical-lattice potential, as used
in a recent experiment on the localization of a BEC [Roati et al., Nature 453,
895 (2008)]. Such states are spatially antisymmetric and are excited modes of
Anderson localization. Where possible, we have compared the numerical results
with a variational analysis. We also demonstrate the stability of the localized
double-humped BEC states under small perturbation
Fluctuation indices for atomic systems with Bose-Einstein condensate

The notion of fluctuation indices, characterizing thermodynamic stability of
statistical systems, is advanced. These indices are especially useful for
investigating the stability of nonuniform and trapped atomic assemblies. The
fluctuation indices are calculated for several systems with Bose-Einstein
condensate. It is shown that: the ideal uniform Bose-condensed gas is
thermodynamically unstable; trapped ideal gases are stable for the confining
dimension larger than two; trapped gases, under the confining dimension two,
are weakly unstable; harmonically trapped gas is stable only for the spatial
dimension three; one-dimensional harmonically trapped gas is unstable;
two-dimensional gas in a harmonic trap represents a marginal case, being weakly
unstable; interacting nonuniform three-dimensional Bose-condensed gas is
stable. There are no thermodynamically anomalous particle fluctuations in
stable Bose-condensed systems.Comment: Latex file, 12 page
In vitro effect of low-level laser on odontoblast-like cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolism of odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells subjected to direct LLL irradiation. The cells were seeded (20,000 cells/well) in 24-well plates and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After this period, the culture medium (DMEM) was replaced by fresh DMEM supplemented with 2 or 5% (stress induction by nutritional deficit) or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were exposed to laser doses of 2, 4, 10, 15 and 25 J/cm2 from a near infrared InGaAsP diode laser prototype (LASERTable; 780±3 nm, 40 mW). One control group (sham irradiation) was established for each experimental condition (laser dose x FBS supplementation). Three and 72 hours after the last irradiation, cells were analyzed with respect to metabolism, morphology, total protein expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Higher metabolism and total protein expression were observed 72 hours after the last irradiation at the doses of 15 and 25 J/cm2 (Mann-Whitney; p < 0.05). Higher ALP activity was obtained with 5% FBS when the cells were irradiated with doses of 2 and 10 J/cm2. For the dose of 25 J/cm2, the highest ALP activity was observed with 10% FBS. It was concluded that the LLLT parameters used in this study stimulated the metabolic activity of the MDPC-23 cells, especially at the doses of 15 and 25 J/cm2.FAPESP (07/50646-3, 08/08424-6, 08/54785-0
Dynamical Universal Behavior in Quantum Chaotic Systems

We discover numerically that a moving wave packet in a quantum chaotic
billiard will always evolve into a quantum state, whose density probability
distribution is exponential. This exponential distribution is found to be
universal for quantum chaotic systems with rigorous proof. In contrast, for the
corresponding classical system, the distribution is Gaussian. We find that the
quantum exponential distribution can smoothly change to the classical Gaussian
distribution with coarse graining.Comment: 4 figure
Transition to quantum turbulence in a finite size superfluid

A novel concept of quantum turbulence in finite size superfluids, such as
trapped bosonic atoms, is discussed. We have used an atomic $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$
BEC to study the emergence of this phenomenon. In our experiment, the
transition to the quantum turbulent regime is characterized by a tangled vortex
lines formation, controlled by the amplitude and time duration of the
excitation produced by an external oscillating field. A simple model is
suggested to account for the experimental observations. The transition from the
non-turbulent to the turbulent regime is a rather gradual crossover. But it
takes place in a sharp enough way, allowing for the definition of an effective
critical line separating the regimes. Quantum turbulence emerging in a
finite-size superfluid may be a new idea helpful for revealing important
features associated to turbulence, a more general and broad phenomenon
Route to turbulence in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate

We have studied a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}Rb$ atoms under an
oscillatory excitation. For a fixed frequency of excitation, we have explored
how the values of amplitude and time of excitation must be combined in order to
produce quantum turbulence in the condensate. Depending on the combination of
these parameters different behaviors are observed in the sample. For the lowest
values of time and amplitude of excitation, we observe a bending of the main
axis of the cloud. Increasing the amplitude of excitation we observe an
increasing number of vortices. The vortex state can evolve into the turbulent
regime if the parameters of excitation are driven up to a certain set of
combinations. If the value of the parameters of these combinations is exceeded,
all vorticity disappears and the condensate enters into a different regime
which we have identified as the granular phase. Our results are summarized in a
diagram of amplitude versus time of excitation in which the different
structures can be identified. We also present numerical simulations of the
Gross-Pitaevskii equation which support our observations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Fractional photon-assisted tunneling of ultra-cold atoms in periodically shaken double-well lattices.

Fractional photon-assisted tunneling is investigated both numerically and analytically in a double-well lattice. While integer photon-assisted tunneling is a single-particle effect, fractional photon-assisted tunneling is an interaction-induced many-body effect. Double-well lattices with few particles in each double well are ideal to study this effect far from the mean-field effects. It is predicted that the 1/4-resonance is observable in such systems. Fractional photon-assisted tunneling provides a physically relevant model, for which N-th order time-dependent perturbation theory can be large although all previous orders are small. All predicted effects will be observable with an existing experimental setup [1]
Local delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor improves facial nerve regeneration after late repair.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Facial nerve regeneration is limited in some clinical situations: in long grafts, by aged patients, and when the delay between nerve lesion and repair is prolonged. This deficient regeneration is due to the limited number of regenerating nerve fibers, their immaturity and the unresponsiveness of Schwann cells after a long period of denervation. This study proposes to apply glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on facial nerve grafts via nerve guidance channels to improve the regeneration. METHODS: Two situations were evaluated: immediate and delayed grafts (repair 7 months after the lesion). Each group contained three subgroups: a) graft without channel, b) graft with a channel without neurotrophic factor; and c) graft with a GDNF-releasing channel. A functional analysis was performed with clinical observation of facial nerve function, and nerve conduction study at 6 weeks. Histological analysis was performed with the count of number of myelinated fibers within the graft, and distally to the graft. Central evaluation was assessed with Fluoro-Ruby retrograde labeling and Nissl staining. RESULTS: This study showed that GDNF allowed an increase in the number and the maturation of nerve fibers, as well as the number of retrogradely labeled neurons in delayed anastomoses. On the contrary, after immediate repair, the regenerated nerves in the presence of GDNF showed inferior results compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: GDNF is a potent neurotrophic factor to improve facial nerve regeneration in grafts performed several months after the nerve lesion. However, GDNF should not be used for immediate repair, as it possibly inhibits the nerve regeneration
The value of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging of primary extranodal head and neck lymphomas.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Using a retrospective approach, the aim of this study was to confirm the previously described value of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in patients with primary extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck region. Additionally, the clinical significance of the semiquantitative analysis of the standardized uptake value (SUV), its predictive role in the follow-up setting, and its value in detection of synchronous primaries were studied. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with a primary extranodal head and neck lymphoma (22 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, one Hodgkin's lymphoma, three malignant T-cell lymphomas) were included. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes according to the maximum standardized uptake values of the primary lesion (SUV(max)) and whether a positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed or not in the follow-up studies. The median SUV(max) was chosen as the cutoff value. The patients were then grouped as those with either low or high SUV(max), respective to the cutoff value. Event-free survival and cumulative survival were endpoints of interest. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (73%) were above the age of 60 years; the median age was 70 years (range, 28-87 years). Most primary sites were in the Waldeyer's ring (15 patients, 60%), whereas in four patients (27%) only the palatine tonsil was affected. The SUV(max) ranged from 5.8 to 33.9. In one patient, relevant fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake within the intestine revealed a cecal adenocarcinoma as a secondary primary. Twenty of the 25 clinically followed patients (80%) achieved complete remission after treatment. Patients with high SUV(max) showed favorable survival (log-rank test, P = .044). A tendency for longer survival within the group with follow-up PET/CT studies could be noted but with no significant statistical difference (P = .349). CONCLUSIONS: (18)F-FDG-PET/CT imaging is a potent primary staging tool. It also has application as an instrument for evaluation of follow-up and response to therapy in patients suffering from primary extranodal lymphoma and for detection of secondary malignancies. Furthermore, (18)F-FDG uptake by the primary lesion may be related to better survival
Infiltrating lymphocytes and human papillomavirus‐16–associated oropharyngeal cancer

Objectives/Hypothesis:  Human papillomavirus‐16 (HPV‐16)–associated carcinoma of the oropharynx has a favorable prognosis. Such patients have elevated CD8+ T‐lymphocyte levels that correlate with response to chemotherapy and survival. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subpopulations were assessed in pretreatment biopsies from a prospective patient cohort to determine if TIL subsets differed by HPV status, clinical factors, or patient outcome or correlated with peripheral blood T‐cell levels.    Study Design:  Retrospective immunological correlative study of patients entered in a prospective Phase 2 clinical trial.    Methods:  Measured were CD8, CD4, CD68, and Treg (FoxP3) lymphocytes by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray created from patients (n = 46) with advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Correlations with peripheral blood levels, HPV status, expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), clinical tumor, and patient characteristics and outcome were determined. Median follow‐up was 6.6 years.    Results:  HPV‐16–positive patients had improved survival ( P  = .016). Degree of T‐cell infiltration did not differ by HPV status but was significantly related to disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Even after adjusting for HPV status, we found that CD8, FoxP3, and total T cells were significantly associated with DSS ( P  = .0236,  P  = .0040, and  P  = .0197, respectively) and OS ( P  = .0137,  P  = .0158, and  P  = .0115, respectively). Less T‐cell infiltration ( P  = .0130) and CD4 cells in particular ( P  = .0792) were associated with higher EGFR expression.    Conclusions:  Improved outcomes are associated with increased TILs independent of HPV status and suggest the local immune response may be more related to factors such as tumor size, EGFR expression, or performance status than HPV status. Further study of larger numbers of patients and infiltrates combined with functional analysis of individual subsets may be necessary to detect significant differences in local immunity in HPV‐16–related cancers.Laryngoscope, 122:121–127, 201
Restoration of scarred vocal folds with stem cell implantation:  analyses in a xenograft model

Background: Tissue defects in the vocal fold (VF) caused by trauma, surgical procedures, post
radiotherapy often heal with scar formation. The scar tissue causes stiffness of the lamina propria
rendering disturbed viscoelastic properties to the VF. A scarred VF causes severe voice problems.
Treatment is difficult and presently there is no treatment that heals VF scars.



Objectives: The aims of this thesis were to evaluate if human stem cell transplantations have the
potential to heal scarred VFs, and if transplanted stem cells regenerate lost tissue in scarred VFs.



Study Design: Experimental xenograft model.



Methods: The VFs of New Zealand rabbits were scarred by a 1.5–2 mm resection. Human embryonic
(hESCs) or mesenchymal (hMSCs) stem cells were thereafter transplanted into the VFs. Analyses for
grade of scaring, lamina propria (Lp) thickness, relative content of collagen type I, elastic and dynamic
viscoelasticity (G', η'), fluorescence in situ hybridisation for detection of human cells, Verhoeff
staining for detection of elastin, alcian blue staining for detection of hyaluronic acid, RT-PCR speciesspecific
analysis for collagen type I, and for Nanog expression of pluripotency were performed.



Results: Both transplanted hESCs (G’)(η') and hMSCs (G’) significantly improved the viscoelastic
properties of the VFs, analyzed at one month. HMSCs also significantly reduced collagen type I
content. At three months hMSC treatment significantly reduced both (G’) (η') and showed no
significant differences to normal VFs. Also collagen type I content and Lp thickness were significantly
reduced and were not significantly higher than in normal VFs. A clinic like setting was studied, where
VFs were resected and left to spontaneously heal for 9 weeks. The established scar was thereafter
excised, hMSCs transplanted in the wound, and the VFs were analyzed after another ten weeks. The
hMSC transplanted VFs showed no significant difference in η', nor in G', nor in Lp-thickness
compared to normal VFs, and all three parameters were significantly reduced compared with untreated
scarred VFs.



The transplanted hESCs showed after one month, by differentiation, regeneration of epithelium,
muscle, cartilage and gland tissue in contact with corresponding rabbit native tissue. HMSCs did not
differentiate or regenerate tissue. Pluripotent hESCs were shown to survive one month, and hMSCs
survived four but not ten weeks in the rabbit VFs. The transplanted VFs showed no malignancy or
teratoma formation.



The immunosuppressant Tacrolimus used to reduce the host versus graft reaction suppressed the antiscaring
effect of the transplanted hMSCs.



Conclusion: Both human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to improve
healing and to restore the rheological properties of scarred VFs. Human embryonic stem cells
transplanted into scarred rabbit vocal folds differentiate and regenerate human tissue compatible with
the surrounding native tissue
rhBMP‐2 has adverse effects on human oral carcinoma cell lines in vivo

Objectives/Hypothesis:  To establish the relevance of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCCA) cell lines and determine if there is a biologic impact of stimulating this pathway with recombinant human (rh) BMP‐2.    Study Design:  In vitro laboratory investigations and in vivo analysis using an orthotopic animal model for oral cancer.    Methods:  Gene expression profiles for BMP‐2 and components of the BMP‐signaling pathway were determined using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. In vivo effects were evaluated using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and studying histopathologic changes in established tumor xenografts with or without rhBMP‐2 pretreatment. A phosphokinase array was used to detect levels of activation in signaling kinases.    Results:  The BMP‐2 gene was expressed in 90% of the 30 OSCCA cell lines tested. Gene expression of all components of the BMP‐signaling pathway was highly conserved. Tumor xenografts established with rhBMP‐2–treated cells showed more rapid local growth that resulted in worse animal survival as compared to the control group. These tumors had a more poorly differentiated morphology. Changes in protein kinases suggested interactions of BMP‐2 signaling with the Wnt‐β‐catenin, and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways.    Conclusions:  Human OSCCA cell lines frequently express BMP‐2 and all necessary components of the BMP‐signaling pathway. Exogenous treatment of human OSCCA cell lines with rhBMP‐2 prior to engraftment in an orthotopic animal model caused the subsequent tumors to be more locally aggressive with worse survival. Continued caution should be used for considering rhBMP‐2 for reconstruction of bone defects in oral cancer patients
Microvascular cricoid cartilage reconstruction with the thoracodorsal artery scapular tip autogenous transplant

Conservation laryngeal surgery has been limited by difficulties with partial resection of the cricoid. Numerous options have been suggested that include temporoparietal flaps, free cartilage grafts, radial forearm free tissue transfers, and tracheal autotransplantation with vascular carriers. The authors present a one‐stage procedure for the reconstruction of the cricoid cartilage based on the thoracodorsal artery scapular tip (Tdast) autogenous transplant that uses the curved tip of the scapula and does not create a secondary tracheal defect. Because the Tdast is a vascularized graft it may withstand radiation treatment
Implementation of ethics grand rounds in an otolaryngology department

Objectives/Hypothesis:  To create a case‐based curriculum designed to teach and discuss the tenets of clinical medical ethics within an otolaryngology department.    Study Design:  Survey‐based study in a single‐institution, academic otolaryngology department.    Methods:  Case‐based departmental ethics grand rounds were implemented on a quarterly basis within an academic department of otolaryngology. One‐hour sessions were designed to use challenging cases volunteered by clinicians within the department to create a forum for discussion and education about clinical medical ethics. A four‐question satisfaction survey was administered to participating clinicians to measure the impact of the program.    Results:  Five grand rounds were held over 16 months from 2009 to 2011, with four to six cases presented per session. Sessions were well attended and received, with broad coverage of topics and lively discussions. The mean survey score was 18 (median, 19; standard deviation, 2) out of a maximum possible score of 20. When asked if the sessions helped to advance their skills and comfort within the field of medical ethics, 100% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed. A total of 86% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the sessions would change how they practiced medicine in a way that would benefit their patients.    Conclusions:  It is feasible to successfully implement case‐based ethics grand rounds within an otolaryngology department. Participants demonstrated a gratifying level of approval, and a stated desire to implement the principles learned within their clinical practice
Hennebert's sign in superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome: A Video Case Report

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome has been called the great otologic mimicker because its presentation overlaps with otosclerosis, Meniere's disease, perilymphatic fistula, and patulous eustachian tube. A valuable examination finding that can help distinguish SSCD syndrome from other pathologic conditions is the presence of Hennebert's sign, in which pressure changes in the external auditory canal evoke stereotyped eye movements that align in the plane of the dehiscent semicircular canal. This video case report demonstrates Hennebert's sign associated with SSCD syndrome and discusses its pathophysiological basis