pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Circadian clock-coordinated 12 Hr period rhythmic activation of the IRE1alpha pathway controls lipid metabolism in mouse liver.

The mammalian circadian clock plays a fundamental role in the liver by regulating fatty acid, glucose, and xenobiotic metabolism. Impairment of this rhythm has been shown to lead to diverse pathologies, including metabolic syndrome. Currently, it is supposed that the circadian clock regulates metabolism mostly by regulating expression of liver enzymes at the transcriptional level. Here, we show that the circadian clock also controls hepatic metabolism by synchronizing a secondary 12 hr period rhythm characterized by rhythmic activation of the IRE1alpha pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of circadian clock perturbs this secondary clock and provokes deregulation of endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzymes. This leads to impaired lipid metabolism, resulting in aberrant activation of the sterol-regulated SREBP transcription factors. The resulting aberrant circadian lipid metabolism in mice devoid of the circadian clock could be involved in the appearance of the associated metabolic syndrome
Genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: Importance in the control of blood pressure and hypertension.

In this review, we discuss genetic evidence supporting Guyton's hypothesis stating that blood pressure control is critically depending on fluid handling by the kidney. The review is focused on the genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport in the distal nephron and the collecting duct that are the most important sites for the control of sodium and potassium balance by aldosterone and angiotensin II. Thanks to the study of Mendelian forms of hypertension and their corresponding transgenic mouse models, three main classes of diuretic receptors (furosemide, thiazide, amiloride) and the main components of the aldosterone- and angiotensin-dependent signaling pathways were molecularly identified over the past 20years. This will allow to design rational strategies for the treatment of hypertension and for the development of the next generation of diuretics
On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M 33

Context. Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are a class of highly unstable stars that have been proposed to play a critical role in massive stellar evolution as well as being the progenitors of some of the most luminous supernovae known. However the physical processes underlying their characteristic instabilities are currently unknown. Aims. In order to provide observational constraints on this behaviour we have initiated a pilot study of the population of (candidate) LBVs in the Local Group galaxy M 33. Methods. To accomplish this we have obtained new spectra of 18 examples within M 33. These provide a baseline of ≥ 4 yr with respect to previous observations, which is well suited to identifying LBV outbursts. We also employed existing multi-epoch optical and mid-IR surveys of M 33 to further constrain the variability of the sample and search for the presence of dusty ejecta. Results. Combining the datasets reveals that spectroscopic and photometric variability appears common, although in the majority of cases further observations will be needed to distinguish between an origin for this behavour in short lived stochastic wind structure and low level photospheric pulsations or coherent long term LBV excursions. Of the known LBVs we report a hitherto unidentified excursion of M 33 Var C between 2001-5, while the transition of the WNLh star B517 to a cooler B supergiant phase between 1993−2010 implies an LBV classification. Proof-of-concept quantitative model atmosphere analysis is provided for Romano’s star; the resultant stellar parameters being consistent with the finding that the LBV excursions of this star are accompanied by changes in bolometric luminosity. The combination of temperature and luminosity of two stars, the BHG [HS80] 110A and the cool hypergiant B324, appear to be in violation of the empirical Humphreys-Davidson limit. Mid-IR observations demonstrate that a number of candidates appear associated with hot circumstellar dust, although no objects as extreme as η Car are identified. The combined dataset suggests that the criteria employed to identify candidate LBVs results in a heterogeneous sample, also containing stars demonstrating the B[e] phenomenon. Of these, a subset of optically faint, low luminosity stars associated with hot dust are of particular interest since they appear similar to the likely progenitor of SN 2008S and the 2008 NGC 300 transient (albeit suffering less intrinsic extinction). Conclusions. The results of such a multiwavelength observational approach, employing multiplexing spectrographs and supplemented with quantitative model atmosphere analysis, appears to show considerable promise in both identifying and characterising the physical properties of LBVs as well as other short lived phases of massive stellar evolution.This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grants AYA2008-06166-C03-02/03, AYA2010-21697-C05-01/05 and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 project CSD2006-70 and the project of the Gobierno de Canrias PID2010119
The thermal width of heavy quarkonia moving in quark gluon plasma

The velocity dependence of the thermal width of heavy quarkonia traveling
with respect to the quark gluon plasma is calculated up to the NLO in
perturbative QCD. At the LO, the width decreases with increasing speed, whereas
at the NLO it increases with a magnitude approximately proportional to the
expectation value of the relative velocity between the quarkonium and a parton
in thermal equilibrium. Such an asymptotic behavior is due to the NLO
dissociation cross section converging to a nonvanishing value in the high
energy limit.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, references addes. version to be published in
  Phys. Lett.
Pandora's Box : photovoltaic energy and economic crisis in Greece.

The Greek photovoltaic program was launched in 2006 and rebranded in 2011 as\ud
a way to repay debt and decrease national deficit. The scheme promotes new\ud
livelihood opportunities on all levels, from micro-scale home installations to\ud
macro-scale solar parks producing energy for international export. Offering\ud
potential economic stability to a nation at the fore of global neoliberal crisis, solar\ud
energy also presents an alternative to petroleum and lignite that currently dominate\ud
the energy sector. However, there are many hesitations and conflicting rhetorics\ud
surrounding the photovoltaic drive. Its success or failure as a sustainable economic\ud
pathway lies as much in understanding local nuances of social relations and\ud
historical consciousness as in governmental policy. This paper presents the findings\ud
from preliminary research that aims to “scale” all levels of the Greek photovoltaic\ud
experience and raises questions of energy policy, neoliberal rationale, and\ud
the relationship between local and global socioeconomic systems. It considers the\ud
everyday cultural complexities of implementing energy policy and assesses the\ud
contribution of an ethnographic approach to interdisciplinary energy research
Illicit and pharmaceutical drug consumption estimated via wastewater analysis. Part B: Placing back-calculations in a formal statistical framework:Placing back-calculations in a formal statistical framework

Concentrations of metabolites of illicit drugs in sewage water can be measured with great accuracy and precision, thanks to the development of sensitive and robust analytical methods. Based on assumptions about factors including the excretion profile of the parent drug, routes of administration and the number of individuals using the wastewater system, the level of consumption of a drug can be estimated from such measured concentrations. When presenting results from these ‘back-calculations’, the multiple sources of uncertainty are often discussed, but are not usually explicitly taken into account in the estimation process. In this paper we demonstrate how these calculations can be placed in a more formal statistical framework by assuming a distribution for each parameter involved, based on a review of the evidence underpinning it. Using a Monte Carlo simulations approach, it is then straightforward to propagate uncertainty in each parameter through the back-calculations, producing a distribution for instead of a single estimate of daily or average consumption. This can be summarised for example by a median and credible interval. To demonstrate this approach, we estimate cocaine consumption in a large urban UK population, using measured concentrations of two of its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and norbenzoylecgonine. We also demonstrate a more sophisticated analysis, implemented within a Bayesian statistical framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Our model allows the two metabolites to simultaneously inform estimates of daily cocaine consumption and explicitly allows for variability between days. After accounting for this variability, the resulting credible interval for average daily consumption is appropriately wider, representing additional uncertainty. We discuss possibilities for extensions to the model, and whether analysis of wastewater samples has potential to contribute to a prevalence model for illicit drug use
Random versus holographic fluctuations of the background metric. I.
  (Cosmological) running of space-time dimension

A profound quantum-gravitational effect of space-time dimension running with
respect to the size of space-time region has been discovered a few years ago
through the numerical simulations of lattice quantum gravity in the framework
of causal dynamical triangulation [hep-th/0505113] as well as in
renormalization group approach to quantum gravity [hep-th/0508202].
Unfortunately, along these approaches the interpretation and the physical
meaning of the effective change of dimension at shorter scales is not clear.
The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we find that box-counting dimension in
face of finite resolution of space-time (generally implied by quantum gravity)
shows a simple way how both the qualitative and the quantitative features of
this effect can be understood. Second, considering two most interesting cases
of random and holographic fluctuations of the background space, we find that it
is random fluctuations that gives running dimension resulting in modification
of Newton's inverse square law in a perfect agreement with the modification
coming from one-loop gravitational radiative corrections.Comment: 6 pages, Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in exclusive electroproduction of pi+
  mesons on transversely polarized protons

Exclusive electroproduction of pi+ mesons was studied by scattering 27.6 GeV
positrons or electrons off a transversely polarized hydrogen target. The
single-spin azimuthal asymmetry with respect to target polarization was
measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable t, the Bjorken scaling
variable x_B, and the virtuality Q^2 of the exchanged photon. The extracted
Fourier components of the asymmetry were found to be consistent with zero,
except one that was found to be large and that involves interference of
contributions from longitudinal and transverse virtual photons.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
The indeterminate moment problem for the $q$-Meixner polynomials

For a class of orthogonal polynomials related to the $q$-Meixner polynomials
corresponding to an indeterminate moment problem we give a one-parameter family
of orthogonality measures. For these measures we complement the orthogonal
polynomials to an orthogonal basis for the corresponding weighted $L^2$-space
explicitly. The result is proved in two ways; by a spectral decomposition of a
suitable operator and by direct series manipulation. We discuss extensions to
explicit non-positive measures and the relation to other indeterminate moment
problems for the continuous $q^{-1}$-Hahn and $q$-Laguerre polynomials.Comment: 26 page
An upper limit to the dry merger rate at <z> ~ 0.55

We measure the fraction of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) in dynamically close
pairs (with projected separation less than 20 $h^{-1}$ kpc and velocity
difference less than 500 km s$^{-1}$) to estimate the dry merger rate for
galaxies with $-23 < M(r)_{k+e,z=0.2} +5 \log h < -21.5$ and $0.45 < z < 0.65$
in the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) redshift survey. For galaxies with a
luminosity ratio of $1:4$ or greater we determine a $5\sigma$ upper limit to
the merger fraction of 1.0% and a merger rate of $< 0.8 \times 10^{-5}$
Mpc$^{-3}$ Gyr$^{-1}$ (assuming that all pairs merge on the shortest possible
timescale set by dynamical friction). This is significantly smaller than
predicted by theoretical models and suggests that major dry mergers do not
contribute to the formation of the red sequence at $z < 0.7$.Comment: 8 pages emulateapj style, 3 figures, accepted by AJ (March 2010
Microlensing as a probe of the Galactic structure; 20 years of
  microlensing optical depth studies

Microlensing is now a very popular observational astronomical technique. The
investigations accessible through this effect range from the dark matter
problem to the search for extra-solar planets. In this review, the techniques
to search for microlensing effects and to determine optical depths through the
monitoring of large samples of stars will be described. The consequences of the
published results on the knowledge of the Milky-Way structure and its dark
matter component will be discussed. The difficulties and limitations of the
ongoing programs and the perspectives of the microlensing optical depth
technique as a probe of the Galaxy structure will also be detailed.Comment: Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitation.
  General Relativity and Gravitation in press (2010) 0
On Modeling the Response of Synovial Fluid: Unsteady Flow of a
  Shear-Thinning, Chemically-Reacting Fluid Mixture

We study the flow of a shear-thinning, chemically-reacting fluid that could
be used to model the flow of the synovial fluid. The actual geometry where the
flow of the synovial fluid takes place is very complicated, and therefore the
governing equations are not amenable to simple mathematical analysis. In order
to understand the response of the model, we choose to study the flow in a
simple geometry. While the flow domain is not a geometry relevant to the flow
of the synovial fluid in the human body it yet provides a flow which can be
used to assess the efficacy of different models that have been proposed to
describe synovial fluids. We study the flow in the annular region between two
cylinders, one of which is undergoing unsteady oscillations about their common
axis, in order to understand the quintessential behavioral characteristics of
the synovial fluid. We use the three models suggested by Hron et al. [ J. Hron,
J. M\'{a}lek, P. Pust\v{e}jovsk\'{a}, K. R. Rajagopal, On concentration
dependent shear-thinning behavior in modeling of synovial fluid flow, Adv. in
Tribol. (In Press).] to study the problem, by appealing to a semi-inverse
method. The assumed structure for the velocity field automatically satisfies
the constraint of incompressibility, and the balance of linear momentum is
solved together with a convection-diffusion equation. The results are compared
to those associated with the Newtonian model. We also study the case in which
an external pressure gradient is applied along the axis of the cylindrical
annulus.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, accepted in Computers & Applications with
  Mathematic
Cosmic Phase Transitions

The sequence of phase transitions during the hot history of the universe is
followed within a phenomenological framework. Particular emphasis is put on the
QCD confinement transition, which is at reach under earth laboratory
conditions. A tepid inflationary scenario on the GUT scale with bubble grow at
moderate supercooling is discussed.Comment: 33 pages, invited talk at the spring meeting March 20 - 24, 2000 of
  the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, revised version: added references
  and corrected typo
The moment sum rule and its consequences for ferromagnetism in the
  Hubbard model

The sum rule for the moments of the spectral density is discussed for the
single-band Hubbard model. It is shown that respecting the sum rule up to the
order m=3 is conceptually important for a qualitatively correct description of
the quasi-particle band structure in the strong-correlation regime. Different
analytical approximations for the self-energy are analyzed with respect to
their compatibility with the moment sum rule. To estimate the practical
usefulness of the sum rule, correlation functions and dynamical quantities are
determined. The results obtained within the various approximation schemes of
different complexity are compared with each other and also with essentially
exact results available for infinite-dimensional lattices. It turns out that
the m=3 moment is rather unimportant for the paramagnetic phase on the
hyper-cubic lattice. Contrary, it decisively influences the magnetic phase
boundary as well as the critical temperature for the ferromagnetic phase on an
fcc-type lattice.Comment: LaTeX, 22 pages, 9 eps figures included, to be published in phys.
  stat. sol. (b
Single- and Multi-Photon Events with Missing Energy in e+e- Collisions
  at LEP

Single- and multi-photon events with missing energy are selected in 619/pb of
data collected by the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies between
189GeV and 209GeV. The cross sections of the process e^+e^- -> nu nu gamma
(gamma) are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, and
the number of light neutrino species is determined, including lower energy
data, to be N_nu = 2.98 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.04. Selection results are also given in
the form of tables which can be used to test future models involving single-
and multi-photon signatures at LEP. These final states are also predicted by
models with large extra dimensions and by several supersymmetric models. No
evidence for such models is found. Among others, lower limits between 1.5TeV
and 0.65TeV are set, at 95% confidence level, on the new scale of gravity for
the number of extra dimensions between 2 and 6
A note on the RG flow in (N=1, D=4) Supergravity and applications to Z_3
  orbifold/orientifold compactification

We apply the standard approach of RG flow for the gauge couplings in N=1 D=4
Supergravity to show how to match its results with the heterotic $Z_3$ orbifold
and Type IIB ${Z_3}$ orientifold-based models. Using only supergravity, anomaly
cancellation and the requirement of unification we determine the part of the
K\"ahler potential of the model invariant under the symmetries of the model.
For heterotic orbifolds/type IIB orientifolds, this shows that the lowest order
K\"ahler term of the dilaton has the structure $-\ln(S+{\bar S})$ in agreement
with string calculations. The structure of the holomorphic coupling is also
found from arguments of unification and anomaly cancellation under the
conjectured $SL(2,Z)_{T_i}$ symmetries of the models. A consequence of the
latter is that in the case of the $Z_3$ orientifold the holomorphic coupling
necessarily contains a part with coefficient proportional to the one loop beta
function, in agreement with string calculations which do not however assume
this symmetry. This gives circumstantial evidence for the existence of this
symmetry at string level in $Z_3$ orientifold. Finally, we comment on the
values of the unification scale and examine the possibility of mirage
unification in which the effective unification scale may be situated far above
the string scale.Comment: 17 pages, LaTe
The VVA correlator at three loops in perturbative QCD

It is known that the correlator of one axial and two vector currents, that
receives leading contributions through one-loop fermion triangle diagrams, is
not modified by QCD radiative corrections at two loops. It was suggested that
this non-renormalization of the VVA correlator persists in higher orders in
perturbative QCD as well. To check this assertion, we compute the three-loop
QCD corrections to the VAA-correlator u sing the technique of asymptotic
expansions. We find that these corrections do not vanish and that they are
proportional to the QCD beta-function.Comment: 10 page
B-physics from Nf=2 tmQCD: the Standard Model and beyond

We present a lattice QCD computation of the b-quark mass, the B and B_s decay
constants, the B-mixing bag parameters for the full four-fermion operator basis
as well as determinations for \xi and f_{Bq}\sqrt{B_i^{(q)}} extrapolated to
the continuum limit and to the physical pion mass. We used N_f = 2 twisted mass
Wilson fermions at four values of the lattice spacing with pion masses ranging
from 280 to 500 MeV. Extrapolation in the heavy quark mass from the charm to
the bottom quark region has been carried out on ratios of physical quantities
computed at nearby quark masses, exploiting the fact that they have an exactly
known infinite mass limit. Our results are m_b(m_b,
\overline{\rm{MS}})=4.29(12) GeV, f_{Bs}=228(8) MeV, f_{B}=189(8) MeV and
f_{Bs}/f_B=1.206(24). Moreover with our results for the bag-parameters we find
\xi=1.225(31), B_1^{(s)}/B_1^{(d)}=1.01(2), f_{Bd}\sqrt{\hat{B}_{1}^{(d)}} =
216(10) MeV and f_{Bs}\sqrt{\hat{B}_{1}^{(s)}} = 262(10) MeV. We also computed
the bag parameters for the complete basis of the four-fermion operators which
are required in beyond the SM theories. By using these results for the bag
parameters we are able to provide a refined Unitarity Triangle analysis in the
presence of New Physics, improving the bounds coming from B_{(s)}-\bar B_{(s)}
mixing.Comment: version accepted for publication in JHEP, extended discussion on
  error budget, lattice results unchanged, updated upper bound for C1 in Tables
  5 and 6, references added; 55 pages, 25 figures, 14 table
Screening magnetic fields by a superconducting disk: a simple model

We introduce a simple approach to evaluate the magnetic field distribution
around superconducting samples, based on the London equations; the elementary
variable is the vector potential. This procedure has no adjustable parameters,
only the sample geometry and the London length, $\lambda$, determine the
solution. The calculated field reproduces quantitatively the measured induction
field above MgB$_2$ disks of different diameters, at 20K and for applied fields
lower than 0.4T. The model can be applied if the flux line penetration inside
the sample can be neglected when calculating the induction field distribution
outside the superconductor. Finally we show on a cup-shape geometry how one can
design a magnetic shield satisfying a specific constraint