pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An instruction-based analysis of over

International audienceMany studies in cognitive linguistics have analysed the semantics of over, notably the semantics associated with over as a preposition. Most of them generally conclude that over is polysemic and this polysemy is to be described thanks to a semantic radial network, showing the relationships between the different meanings of the word. What we would like to suggest on the contrary is that the meanings of over are highly dependent on the utterance context in which its occurrences are embedded, and consequently that the meaning of over itself is under-specified, rather than polysemic. Moreover, to provide a more accurate account of the apparent wide range of meanings of over in context, we ought to take into account the other uses of this unit: as an adverb and particle, and not only as a preposition. In this paper, we provide a corpus-based description of over which leads us to propose a monosemic definition
The nature of the syllabic neighbourhood effect in French

International audienceWe investigated whether and how sublexical units such as phonological syllables mediate access to the lexicon in French visual word recognition. To do so, two lexical decision task (LDT) experiments examined the nature of the syllabic neighbourhood effect. In Experiments 1a and b, the number of higher frequency syllabic neighbours was manipulated while controlling for the first bigram. The results failed to show a pure syllabic neighbourhood effect. In Experiments 2a and b, syllabic neighbourhood and bigram frequency were factorially manipulated. The interaction showed that the syllabic neighbourhood effect was inhibitory when bigram frequency was high, whereas it was facilitatory when bigram frequency was low. Similar patterns of results were found in both the yes/no (Experiments 1a and 2a) and go/no-go LDTs (Experiments 1b and 2b), so varying task requirements of the lexical decision did not influence the effect. These findings are discussed in the context of parallel distributed processing and interactive-activation models, and suggest that orthographic redundancy properties contribute to the influence of phonological syllable
A scientific methodology for researching CALL interaction data: Multimodal LEarning and TEaching Corpora

International audienceThis chapter gives an overview of one possible staged methodology for structuring LCI data by presenting a new scientific object, LEarning and TEaching Corpora (LETEC). Firstly, the chapter clarifies the notion of corpora, used in so many different ways in language studies, and underlines how corpora differ from raw language data. Secondly, using examples taken from actual online learning situations, the chapter illustrates the methodology that is used to collect, transform and organize data from online learning situations in order to make them sharable through open-access repositories. The ethics and rights for releasing a corpus as OpenData are discussed. Thirdly, the authors suggest how the transcription of interactions may become more systematic, and what benefits may be expected from analysis tools, before opening the CALL research perspective applied to LCI towards its applications to teacher-training in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), and the common interests the CALL field shares with researchers in the field of Corpus Linguistics working on CMC
(Nearly-)tight bounds on the contiguity and linearity of cographs

International audienceIn this paper we show that the contiguity and linearity of cographs on n vertices are both O(n). Moreover, we show that this bound is tight for contiguity as there exists a family of cographs on n vertices whose contiguity is Ω(log n). We also provide an Ω(log n / log log n) lower bound on the maximum linearity of cographs on n vertices. As a by-product of our proofs, we obtain a min-max theorem, which is worth of interest in itself, stating equality between the rank of a tree and the minimum height of one of its path partitions
New adaptive strategies for nonparametric estimation in linear mixed models

International audienceThis paper surveys new estimators of the density of a random effect in linear mixed-effects models. Data are contaminated by random noise, and we do not observe directly the random effect of interest. The density of the noise is suposed to be known, without assumption on its regularity. However it can also be estimated. We first propose an adaptive nonparametric deconvolution estimation based on a selection method set up in Goldenshluger and Lepski (2011). Then we propose an estimator based on a simpler model selection deviced by contrast penalization. For both of them, non-asymptotic L2-risk bounds are established implying estimation rates, much better than the expected deconvolution ones. Finally the two data-driven strategies are evaluated on simulations and compared with previous proposals
A new method for interpolating in a convex subset of a Hilbert space

International audienceIn this paper, interpolating curve or surface with linear inequality constraints is considered as a general convex optimization problem in a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space. We propose a new approximation method based on a discretized optimization problem in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space under the same set of constraints. We prove that the approximate solution converges uniformly to the optimal constrained interpolating function. An algorithm is derived and numerical examples with boundedness and mono-tonicity constraints in one and two dimensions are given
Identification of the hygrothermal properties of a building envelope material by the Covariance Matrix Adaptation evolution strategy

International audienceThis paper proposes the application of the Covariance Matrix Adaptation (CMA) evolution strategy for the identification of building envelope materials hygrothermal properties. All material properties are estimated on the basis of local temperature and relative humidity measurements, by solving the inverse heat and moisture transfer problem. The applicability of the identification procedure is demonstrated in two stages: first, a numerical benchmark is developed and used as to show the potential identification accuracy, justify the choice for a Tikhonov reg-ularisation term in the fitness evaluation, and propose a method for its appropriate tuning. Then, the procedure is applied on the basis of experimental measurements from an instrumented test cell, and compared to the experimental characterisation of the observed material. Results show that an accurate estimation of all hygrothermal properties of a building material is feasible, if the objective function of the inverse problem is carefully defined
Orientation-dependent work function of in situ annealed strontium titanate

International audienceWe have used energy-filtered x-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (XPEEM) and synchrotron radiation to measure the grain orientation dependence of the work function of a sintered niobium-doped strontium titanate ceramic. A significant spread in work function values is found. Grain orientation and surface reducing/oxidizing conditions are the main factors in determining the work function. Energy-filtered XPEEM looks ideally suited for analysis of other technologically interesting polycrystalline samples
Expression, localization and functions in acrosome reaction and sperm motility of Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 channels in sperm cells: an evaluation from Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 deficient mice.
 : 
Cav3.1/3.2 channel functions in sperm physiology

International audienceIn spermatozoa, voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) have been involved in different cellular functions like acrosome reaction (AR) and sperm motility. Multiple types of VDCC are present and their relative contribution is still a matter of debate. Based mostly on pharmacological studies, low-voltage-activated calcium channels (LVA-CC), responsible of the inward current in spermatocytes, were described as essential for AR in sperm. The development of Ca(V)3.1 or Ca(V)3.2 null mice provided the opportunity to evaluate the involvement of such LVA-CC in AR and sperm motility, independently of pharmacological tools. The inward current was fully abolished in spermatogenic cells from Ca(V)3.2 deficient mice. This current is thus only due to Ca(V)3.2 channels. We showed that Ca(V)3.2 channels were maintained in sperm by Western-blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. Calcium imaging experiments revealed that calcium influx in response to KCl was reduced in Ca(V)3.2 null sperm in comparison to control cells, demonstrating that Ca(V)3.2 channels were functional. On the other hand, no difference was noticed in calcium signaling induced by zona pellucida. Moreover, neither biochemical nor functional experiments, suggested the presence of Ca(V)3.1 channels in sperm. Despite the Ca(V)3.2 channels contribution in KCl-induced calcium influx, the reproduction parameters remained intact in Ca(V)3.2 deficient mice. These data demonstrate that in sperm, besides Ca(V)3.2 channels, other types of VDCC are activated during the voltage-dependent calcium influx of AR, these channels likely belonging to high-voltage activated Ca(2+) channels family. The conclusion is that voltage-dependent calcium influx during AR is due to the opening of redundant families of calcium channels
Measurement of residual nucleus cross sections and recoil energies in p + Fe collisions at 300, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 MeV

PACSInternational audienceThe production of residual nuclei in p + Fe collisions has been measured at GSI on the FRS facility by means of the reverse kinematic techniques at 300, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 MeV/A. The cross-sections larger than 0.01 mb of all isotopes with Z larger than 8 have been obtained. Velocity distributions were also measured. Comparisons to models describing spallation reactions and some empirical formulae often used in astrophysics are presented. These data are directly used to calculate impurety production and DPAs in a thin window as foreseen in spallation sources or accelerator-driven system
A seismologically consistent compositional model of Earth's core

International audienceEarth's core is less dense than iron, and therefore it must contain " light elements, " such as S, Si, O, or C. We use ab initio molecular dynamics to calculate the density and bulk sound velocity in liquid metal alloys at the pressure and temperature conditions of Earth's outer core. We compare the velocity and density for any composition in the (Fe–Ni, C, O, Si, S) system to radial seismological models and find a range of compositional models that fit the seismo-logical data. We find no oxygen-free composition that fits the seismological data, and therefore our results indicate that oxygen is always required in the outer core. An oxygen-rich core is a strong indication of high-pressure and high-temperature conditions of core differentiation in a deep magma ocean with an FeO concentration (oxygen fugacity) higher than that of the present-day mantle. mineral physics | first principles | geophysic
Cross-section electrical resistance tomography of La Soufriere of Guadeloupe lava dome

International audienceThe electrical resistivity distribution at the base of La Soufri`ere of Guadeloupe lava dome isreconstructed by using transmission electrical resistivity data obtained by injecting an electricalcurrent between two electrodes located on opposite sides of the volcano. Several pairsof injection electrodes are used in order to constitute a data set spanning the whole range ofazimuths, and the electrical potential is measured along a cable covering an angular sector of≈120◦ along the basis of the dome. The data are inverted to performa slice electrical resistivitytomography (SERT) with specific functions implemented in the EIDORS open source packagededicated to electrical impedance tomography applied to medicine and geophysics. The resultingimage shows the presence of highly conductive regions separated by resistive ridges. Theconductive regions correspond to unconsolidated material saturated by hydrothermal fluids.Two of them are associated with partial flank collapses and may represent large reservoirsthat could have played an important role during past eruptive events. The resistive ridges mayrepresent massive andesite and are expected to constitute hydraulic barriers
Role of continental recycling in intraseasonal variations of continental moisture as deduced from model simulations and water vapor isotopic measurements

International audienceClimate models suggest an important role for land-atmosphere feedbacks on climate, but exhibit a large dispersion in the simulation of this role. We focus here on the role of continental recycling in the intraseasonal variability of continental moisture, and we explore the possibility of using water isotopic measurements to observationally constrain this role. Based on water tagging, we design a diagnostic, named D1, to estimate the role of continental recycling on the intraseasonal variability of continental moisture simulated by the general circulation model LMDZ. In coastal regions, the intraseasonal variability of continental moisture is mainly driven by the variability in oceanic moisture convergence. More inland, the role of continental recycling becomes important. The simulation of this role is sensitive to model parameters modulating evapotranspiration. Then we show that dD in the low-level water vapor is a good tracer for continental recycling, due to the enriched signature of transpiration. Over tropical land regions, the intraseasonal relationship between dD and precipitable water, named D1-iso, is a good observational proxy for D1. We test the possibility of using D1-iso for model evaluation using two satellite data sets: GOSAT and TES. LMDZ captures well the spatial patterns of D1-iso, but underestimates its values. However, a more accurate description of how atmospheric processes affect the isotopic composition of water vapor is necessary before concluding with certitude that LMDZ underestimates the role of continental recycling. © 2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved
Synthesis of powellite-rich glasses for high level waste immobilization

International audienceIncreasing amounts of MoO3 were added to SiO2-B2O3-Na2O-CaO-Al2O3 glasses in order to trap molybdenum as powellite (nominally CaMoO4). Different heat treatments were performed to study their influences on powellite crystallization by X-ray diffraction and EPR. The glass compositions studied in this work lead to glass-ceramics rich in CaMoO4, up to [MoO3] = 5 mol% no poorly durable Na2MoO4 phase was identified by XRD. Trivalent actinides surrogates (Gd3+) were observed to incorporate into CaMoO4 crystals
Computation of energy release rate using material differentiation of elastic BIE for 3-D elastic fracture

This paper deals with a novel approach, based on material differentiation of elastic BIE formulations, for the numerical computation of the energy release rate G along a crack front in 3-D elastic fracture problems. It is based upon the definition of G in terms of the material derivative of the potential energy at equilibrium W with respect to all possible regular virtual crack extensions. W can be formulated in terms of surface integrals; this fact in turn allows for a boundary-only formulation of its material derivative with respect to virtual crack extensions. The necessary step of computing the shape sensitivities of the boundary elastic variables is done by means of a derivative BIE. The latter results from a material differentiation of the primary elastic BIE, which is performed on a regularized (weakly singular) displacement BIE so that the process is mathematically sound. The unknowns of both primary and derivative BIEs are governed by the same integral operator, with obvious computational advantages. The present approach thus does not resort to any finite-difference evaluation of derivatives with respect to crack front perturbations. The implementation of the present method, including the key technical step of constructing appropriate vector interpolation functions for the transformation velocity associated with a virtual crack extension, is discussed. Finally, in order to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach, numerical results are presented for two mode I examples where reference results are available for comparison: the round bar with a circular internal crack and the semielliptical surface crack, in both cases under uniform tension
Climate change effects on agriculture: Economic responses to biophysical shocks

Agricultural production is sensitive to weather and thus directly affected by climate change. Plausible estimates of these climate change impacts require combined use of climate, crop, and economic models. Results from previous studies vary substantially due to differences in models, scenarios, and data. This paper is part of a collective effort to systematically integrate these three types of models. We focus on the economic component of the assessment, investigating how nine global economic models of agriculture represent endogenous responses to seven standardized climate change scenarios produced by two climate and five crop models. These responses include adjustments in yields, area, consumption, and international trade. We apply biophysical shocks derived from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's representative concentration pathway with end-of-century radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m2. The mean biophysical yield effect with no incremental CO2 fertilization is a 17% reduction globally by 2050 relative to a scenario with unchanging climate. Endogenous economic responses reduce yield loss to 11%, increase area of major crops by 11%, and reduce consumption by 3%. Agricultural production, cropland area, trade, and prices show the greatest degree of variability in response to climate change, and consumption the lowest. The sources of these differences include model structure and specification; in particular, model assumptions about ease of land use conversion, intensification, and trade. This study identifies where models disagree on the relative responses to climate shocks and highlights research activities needed to improve the representation of agricultural adaptation responses to climate change
Finite volume schemes for the p-laplacian on cartesian meshes

This paper is concerned with the finite volume approximation of the p-laplacian equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on rectangular meshes. A reconstruction of the norm of the gradient on the mesh's interfaces is needed in order to discretize the p-laplacian operator. We give a detailed description of the possible nine points schemes ensuring that the solution of the resulting finite dimensional nonlinear system exists and is unique. These schemes, called admissible, are locally conservative and in addition derive from the minimization of a strictly convexe and coercive discrete functional. The convergence rate is analyzed when the solution lies in $W^{2,p}$. Numerical results are given in order to compare different admissible and non-admissible schemes
Associated Higgs-W-Boson Production at Hadron Colliders: A Fully Exclusive QCD Calculation at NNLO

We consider QCD radiative corrections to standard model Higgs-boson production in association with a W boson in hadron collisions. We present a fully exclusive calculation up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD perturbation theory. To perform this NNLO computation, we use a recently proposed version of the subtraction formalism. Our calculation includes finite-width effects, the leptonic decay of the W boson with its spin correlations, and the decay of the Higgs boson into a bb̄ pair. We present selected numerical results at the Tevatron and the LHC
EXISTENCE OF OPTIMUM SPACE BETWEEN ELECTRODES ON HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY WATER ELECTROLYSIS

The effect of bubbles between electrodes on efficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis was experimentally investigated. The water electrolysis of 10wt% potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous solution was conducted under atmospheric pressure using Ni-Cr-Fe alloy as electrodes. In order to examine void fraction between electrodes, the following parameters were controlled: current density, with or without separator, system temperature, space, height, inclination angle and surface wettability of electrodes. The efficiency of water electrolysis was qualitatively evaluated by the voltage drop value at a certain current density. The experimental results showed that increase of void fraction between electrodes by decreasing the electrode space brought about decrease of the electrolysis efficiency; i.e. there is an optimum condition of water electrolysis at a certain current density. In addition, a physical model of void fraction between electrodes was presented, which was found to represent a part of the qualitative tendency of experimental results
Two pion mediated scalar isoscalar NN interaction in the nuclear medium

We study the modification of the nucleon-nucleon interaction in a nuclear medium in the scalar isoscalar channel, mediated by the exchange of two correlated (sigma channel) or uncorrelated pions. For this purpose we use a standard approach for the renormalization of pions in nuclei. The corrections obtained for the NN interaction in the medium in this channel are of the order of 20% of the free one in average, and the consideration of short-range correlations plays an important role in providing these moderate changes. Yet, the corrections are sizable enough to suggest further studies of the stability and properties of nuclear matter
Cell Death in Immune Thrombocytopenia: Novel Insights and Perspectives

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex disease. The pathogenic and clinical heterogeneity of ITP is reflected by reports on variability in patient history and treatment response, in concert with recent evidence from mechanistic studies. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are thought to play a peculiar role in the megakaryocyte lineage in terms of hemostasis and the generation and function of megakaryocytes and platelets; unbalanced genetic or environmental disturbances of these tightly regulated pathways may cause thrombocytopenia. Dysregulated PCD has also been linked to peripheral platelet destruction, intramedullary apoptosis, and inefficient thrombopoiesis in ITP. In this article, we discuss novel and controversial findings on the role of PCD in the megakaryocyte lineage and their potential implications in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ITP
Ecosystem service delivery in Karst landscapes: anthropogenic perturbation and recovery

Covering extensive parts of China, Karst landscapes are exceptional because rapid and intensive land use change has caused severe ecosystem degradation within only the last 50 years. The twentieth century intensification in food production through agriculture has led to a rapid deterioration of soil quality, evidenced in reduced crop production and rapid loss of soil. In many areas, a tipping point appears to have been passed as basement rock is exposed and ‘rocky desertification’ dominates. Through the establishment of the “Soil processes and ecological services in the karst critical zone of SW China” (SPECTRA) Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) we will endevaour to understand the fundmental processes involved in soil production and erosion, and investigate the integrated geophysical-geochemical-ecological responses of the CZ to perturbations. The CZ spans a gradient from undisturbed natural vegetation through human perturbed landscapes. We seek to understand the importance of heterogeneity in surface and below-ground morphology and flow pathways in determining the spatial distribution of key stocks (soil, C, vegetation, etc.) and their control on ecosystem service delivery. We will assess the extent to which the highly heterogeneous critical zone resources can be restored to enable sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. This paper presents the CZO design and initial assessment of soil and soil organic carbon stocks and evidence for their stability based on caesium-137 (137Cs) data