pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The in vitro respiratory toxicity of cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash

Ash from dome-forming volcanoes poses a unique hazard to millions of people worldwide due to an abundance of respirable cristobalite, a crystalline silica polymorph. Crystalline silica is an established respiratory hazard in other mixed dusts, but its toxicity strongly depends on sample provenance. Previous studies suggest that cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash is not as bio-reactive as may be expected for a dust containing crystalline silica. We systematically address the hazard posed by volcanic cristobalite by analysing a range of dome-related ash samples, and interpret the crystalline silica hazard according to the mineralogical nature of volcanic cristobalite. Samples are sourced from five well-characterized dome-forming volcanoes that span a range of magmatic compositions, specifically selecting samples rich in cristobalite (up to 16 wt%). Isolated respirable fractions are used to investigate the in vitro response of THP-1 macrophages and A549 type II epithelial cells in cytotoxicity, cellular stress, and pro-inflammatory assays associated with crystalline silica toxicity. Dome-related ash is minimally reactive in vitro for a range of source compositions and cristobalite contents. Cristobalite-based toxicity is not evident in the assays employed, supporting the notion that crystalline silica provenance influences reactivity. Macrophages experienced minimal ash-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular reduction of glutathione; however, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were sample-dependent. Lung epithelial cells experienced moderate apoptosis, sample-dependent reduction of glutathione, and minimal cytokine production. We suggest that protracted interaction between particles and epithelial cells may never arise due to effective clearance by macrophages. However, volcanic ash has the propensity to incite a low, but significant, and sample-dependent response; the effect of this response in vivo is unknown and prolonged exposure may yet pose a hazard.DED thanks the Christopher Moyes Memorial Foundation for research support and acknowledges the AXA Research Fund Grant “Risk from volcanic ash in the Earth system” and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant no. 247076 (EVOKES) for support during manuscript preparation. CJH acknowledges a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Postdoctoral Research Fellowship (Grant no. NE/C518081/2). Open Access funded by Natural Environment Research CouncilPeer-reviewedPublisher Versio
SCOTROC 2A: Carboplatin followed by docetaxel or docetaxel-gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer

The feasibility of sequential carboplatin followed by docetaxel-based therapy for untreated ovarian cancer was determined. Patients received four q3w cycles of carboplatin AUC 7, then four q3w cycles of either docetaxel 100 mg m−2 (day 1) (arm A); docetaxel 75 mg m−2 (day 8) and gemcitabine 1250 mg m−2 (days 1,8) (arm B) or docetaxel 25 mg m−2 and gemcitabine 800 mg m−2 (both given weekly (days 1,8,15)) (arm C). A total of 44 patients were randomised to each treatment arm. None of the arms demonstrated an eight cycle completion rate (70.5/72.7/45.5% in arms A/B/C, respectively), which was statistically greater than 60% (P=0.102, P=0.056, P=0.982) which was our formal feasibility criteria, although only the completion rate in arm C was clearly worse than this level. The overall response rate (ORR) after carboplatin was 65.7% in 70 evaluable patients. In evaluable patients, ORRs after docetaxel-based cycles were: arm A 84.0% (21 out of 25); arm B 77.3% (17 out of 22); arm C 69.6% (16 out of 23). At follow-up (median 30 months), median progression-free survival times were: arm A 15.5 months (95% CI: 10.5–20.6); arm B 18.1 months (95% CI: 15.9–20.3); arm C, 13.7 months (95% CI: 12.8–14.6). Neutropenia was the predominant grade 3–4 haematological toxicity: 77.8/85.7/54.4% in arms A/B/C, respectively. Dyspnoea was markedly increased in both gemcitabine-containing arms (P=0.001) but was worse in arm C. Although just failing to rule out eight cycle completion rates less than 60%, within the statistical limitations of these small cohorts, the overall results for arms A and B are encouraging. Larger phase III studies are required to test these combinations.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Locally constrained homomorphisms on graphs of bounded treewidth and bounded degree.

A homomorphism from a graph G to a graph H is locally bijective, surjective, or injective if its restriction to the neighborhood of every vertex of G is bijective, surjective, or injective, respectively. We prove that the problems of testing whether a given graph G allows a homomorphism to a given graph H that is locally bijective, surjective, or injective, respectively, are NP-complete, even when G has pathwidth at most 5, 4, or 2, respectively, or when both G and H have maximum degree 3. We complement these hardness results by showing that the three problems are polynomial-time solvable if G has bounded treewidth and in addition G or H has bounded maximum degree
Smart grid-aware scheduling in data centres.

In several countries the expansion and establishment of renewable energies result in widely scattered and often weather-dependent energy production, decoupled from energy demand. Large, fossil-fuelled power plants are gradually replaced by many small power stations that transform wind, solar and water power into electrical power. This leads to changes in the historically evolved power grid that favours top-down energy distribution from a backbone of large power plants to widespread consumers. Now, with the increase of energy production in lower layers of the grid, there is also a bottom-up flow of the grid infrastructure compromising its stability. In order to locally adapt the energy demand to the production, some countries have started to establish Smart Grids to incentivise customers to consume energy when it is generated.\ud
\ud
This paper investigates how data centres can benefit from variable energy prices in Smart Grids. In view of their low average utilisation, data centre providers can schedule the workload dependent on the energy price. We consider a scenario for a data centre in Paderborn, Germany, hosting a large share of interruptible and migratable computing jobs. We suggest and compare two scheduling strategies for minimising energy costs. The first one merely uses current values from the Smart Meter to place the jobs, while the other one also estimates the future energy price in the grid based on weather forecasts. In spite of the complexity of the prediction problem and the inaccuracy of the weather data, both strategies perform well and have a strong positive effect on the utilisation of renewable energy and on the reduction of energy costs.\ud
\ud
This work improves and extends the paper of the same title published on the SustainIT conference [M. Mäsker, L. Nagel, A. Brinkmann, F. Lotfifar, M. Johnson, Smart gridaware scheduling in data centres, in: 2015 Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability, SustainIT 2015, Madrid, Spain, April 14-15, 2015, IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–9. doi:10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101362. URL http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SustainIT.2015.7101362 ]. While that paper puts more emphasis on the utilisation of green energy, the new algorithms find a better balance between energy costs and turnaround time. We slightly alter the scenario using a more realistic multi-queue batch system and improve the scheduling algorithms which can be tuned to prioritise turnaround time or green energy utilisation
The identification of hydrological indices for the characterization of macroinvertebrate community response to flow regime variability

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in  Hydrological Sciences Journal on 17/04/2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/02626667.2013.825722The importance of flow regime variability for maintaining ecological functioning and integrity of river ecosystems has been firmly established in both natural and anthropogenically modified systems. River flow regimes across lowland catchments in eastern England are examined using 47 variables, including those derived using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software. A principal component analysis method was used to identify redundant hydrological variables and those that best characterized the hydrological series (1986–2005). A small number of variables (<6) characterized up to 95% of the statistical variability in the flow series. The hydrological processes and conditions that the variables represent were found to be significant in structuring the in-stream macroinvertebrate community Lotic-invertebrate Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE) scores at both the family and species levels. However, hydrological variables only account for a relatively small proportion of the total ecological variability (typically <10%). The research indicates that a range of other factors, including channel morphology and anthropogenic modification of in-stream habitats, structure riverine macroinvertebrate communities in addition to hydrology. These factors need to be considered in future environmental flow studies to enable the characterization of baseline/reference conditions for management and restoration purposes
Analytical study of Yang-Mills theory in the infrared from first
  principles

Pure Yang-Mills SU(N) theory is studied in the Landau gauge and four
dimensional space. While leaving the original Lagrangian unmodified, a double
perturbative expansion is devised, based on a massive free-particle propagator.
In dimensional regularization, all diverging mass terms cancel exactly in the
double expansion, without the need to include mass counterterms that would
spoil the symmetry of the Lagrangian. No free parameters are included that were
not in the original theory, yielding a fully analytical approach from first
principles. The expansion is safe in the infrared and is equivalent to the
standard perturbation theory in the UV. At one-loop, explicit analytical
expressions are given for the propagators and the running coupling and are
found in excellent agreement with the data of lattice simulations. A universal
scaling property is predicted for the inverse propagators and shown to be
satisfied by the lattice data. Higher loops are found to be negligible in the
infrared below 300 MeV where the coupling becomes small and the one-loop
approximation is under full control.Comment: Part of the content was anticipated in arXiv:1509.05891. In the new
  version an error is corrected in Eqs.(32), (39), (58) and (A1
On the ground states and dynamics of space fractional nonlinear
  Schr\"{o}dinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equations with rotation term and nonlocal
  nonlinear interactions

In this paper, we propose some efficient and robust numerical methods to
compute the ground states and dynamics of Fractional Schr\"{o}dinger Equation
(FSE) with a rotation term and nonlocal nonlinear interactions. In particular,
a newly developed Gaussian-sum (GauSum) solver is used for the nonlocal
interaction evaluation \cite{EMZ2015}. To compute the ground states, we
integrate the preconditioned Krylov subspace pseudo-spectral method \cite{AD1}
and the GauSum solver. For the dynamics simulation, using the rotating
Lagrangian coordinates transform \cite{BMTZ2013}, we first reformulate the FSE
into a new equation without rotation. Then, a time-splitting pseudo-spectral
scheme incorporated with the GauSum solver is proposed to simulate the new FSE
Angular analysis of the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay
  using $3\,\mbox{fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity

An angular analysis of the $B^{0}\rightarrow K^{*0}(\rightarrow
K^{+}\pi^{-})\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decay is presented. The dataset corresponds to an
integrated luminosity of $3.0\,{\mbox{fb}^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collision data
collected at the LHCb experiment. The complete angular information from the
decay is used to determine $C\!P$-averaged observables and $C\!P$ asymmetries,
taking account of possible contamination from decays with the $K^{+}\pi^{-}$
system in an S-wave configuration. The angular observables and their
correlations are reported in bins of $q^2$, the invariant mass squared of the
dimuon system. The observables are determined both from an unbinned maximum
likelihood fit and by using the principal moments of the angular distribution.
In addition, by fitting for $q^2$-dependent decay amplitudes in the region
$1.1<q^{2}<6.0\mathrm{\,Ge\kern -0.1em V}^{2}/c^{4}$, the zero-crossing points
of several angular observables are computed. A global fit is performed to the
complete set of $C\!P$-averaged observables obtained from the maximum
likelihood fit. This fit indicates differences with predictions based on the
Standard Model at the level of 3.4 standard deviations. These differences could
be explained by contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model, or by an
unexpectedly large hadronic effect that is not accounted for in the Standard
Model predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-051.htm
Data on the abundance of the banana weevil #Cosmopolites sordidus# and of the earwig #Euborellia caraibea# in bare oil and cover crop plots

The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Cover cropping reduces the abundance of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus but does not reduce its damage to the banana plants” (Carval et al., in press) [1]. This article describes how the abundance of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, and the abundance of the earwig Euborellia caraibea were affected by the addition of a cover crop. The field data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes. (Résumé d'auteur
Use of High-Sensitivity Troponin T to Identify Patients With Acute Heart Failure at Lower Risk for Adverse Outcomes

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine if a baseline high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) value ≤99th percentile upper reference limit (0.014 μg/l [“low hsTnT”]) identifies patients at low risk for adverse outcomes.

Background

Approximately 85% of patients who present to emergency departments with acute heart failure are admitted. Identification of patients at low risk might decrease unnecessary admissions.

Methods

A post-hoc analysis was conducted from the RELAX-AHF (Serelaxin, Recombinant Human Relaxin-2, for Treatment of Acute Heart Failure) trial, which randomized patients within 16 h of presentation who had systolic blood pressure >125 mm Hg, mild to moderate renal impairment, and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide ≥1,600 ng/l to serelaxin versus placebo. Linear regression models for continuous endpoints and Cox models for time-to-event endpoints were used.

Results

Of the 1,076 patients with available baseline hsTnT values, 107 (9.9%) had low hsTnT. No cardiovascular (CV) deaths through day 180 were observed in the low-hsTnT group compared with 79 CV deaths (7.3%) in patients with higher hsTnT. By univariate analyses, low hsTnT was associated with lower risk for all 5 primary outcomes: 1) days alive and out of the hospital by day 60; 2) CV death or rehospitalization for heart failure or renal failure by day 60; 3) length of stay; 4) worsening heart failure through day 5; and 5) CV death through day 180. After multivariate adjustment, only 180-day CV mortality remained significant (hazard ratio: 0.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.0 to 0.736; p = 0.0234; C-index = 0.838 [95% confidence interval: 0.798 to 0.878]).

Conclusions

No CV deaths through day 180 were observed in patients with hsTnT levels ≤0.014 μg/l despite high N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels. Low baseline hsTnT may identify patients with acute heart failure at very low risk for CV mortality
Crustal structure below Popocatépetl Volcano (Mexico) from analysis of Rayleigh waves

International audienceAn array of ten broadband stations was installed on the Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico) for five months between October 2002 and February 2003. 26 regional and teleseismic earthquakes were selected and filtered in the frequency time domain to extract the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave. The average dispersion curve was obtained in two steps. Firstly, phase velocities were measured in the period range [2-50] s from the phase difference between pairs of stations, using Wiener filtering. Secondly, the average dispersion curve was calculated by combining observations from all events in order to reduce diffraction effects. The inversion of the mean phase velocity yielded a crustal model for the volcano which is consistent with previous models of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. The overall crustal structure beneath Popocatépetl is therefore not different from the surrounding area, and the velocities in the lower crust are confirmed to be relatively low. Lateral variations of the structure were also investigated by dividing the network into four parts and by applying the same procedure to each sub-array. No well-defined anomalies appeared for the two sub-arrays for which it was possible to measure a dispersion curve. However, dispersion curves associated with individual events reveal important diffraction for 6 s to 12 s periods which could correspond to strong lateral variations at 5 to 10 km depth
Biology of the immunomodulatory molecule HLA-G in human liver diseases.

International audienceThe non-classical human leukocyte antigen-G, HLA-G, plays an important role in inducing tolerance, through its immunosuppressive effects on all types of immune cells. Immune tolerance is a key issue in the liver, both in liver homeostasis and in the response to liver injury or cancer. It would therefore appear likely that HLA-G plays an important role in liver diseases. Indeed, this molecule was recently shown to be produced by mast cells in the livers of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Furthermore, the number of HLA-G-positive mast cells was significantly associated with fibrosis progression. The generation of immune tolerance is a role common to both HLA-G, as a molecule, and the liver, as an organ. This review provides a summary of the evidence implicating HLA-G in liver diseases. In the normal liver, HLA-G transcripts can be detected, but there is no HLA-G protein. However, HLA-G protein is detectable in the liver tissues and/or plasma of patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis B or C, or visceral leishmaniasis and in liver transplant recipients. The cells responsible for producing HLA-G differ between diseases. HLA-G expression is probably induced by microenvironmental factors, such as cytokines. The expression of HLA-G receptors, such as ILT2, ILT4, and KIRD2L4, on liver cells has yet to be investigated, but these receptors have been detected on all types of immune cells, and such cells are present in liver. The tolerogenic properties of HLA-G explain its deleterious effects in cancers and its beneficial effects in transplantation. Given the key role of HLA-G in immune tolerance, new therapeutic agents targeting HLA-G could be tested for the treatment of these diseases in the future
Collective Action for Effective Environmental Management and Social Learning in Wales

Increasingly it is recognised that land management at a landscape‐scale can deliver greater public\ud
good benefits than at the individual farm scale. Collective agri‐environment schemes are one mechanism for\ud
achieving this land management, but such schemes are in the early stages of development in the UK and\ud
uncertainty exists as to their appropriate design and delivery. This paper is based on two research projects\ud
undertaken in Wales to identify key factors that might lead to successful agri‐environmental co‐operation. The\ud
research involved in‐depth analysis of three existing farmer co‐operatives in Wales, including face to face\ud
interviews and participatory workshops. Using the theory of collective action as an analytical framework, the\ud
paper identifies key factors that could be used to encourage and enhance the success of co‐operative groups in\ud
delivering landscape‐scale schemes. Of importance were: locally adaptable engagement strategies; working\ud
with group members previously known to each other; institutional arrangements that limited group size and\ud
which allowed groups to develop their own solutions and implementation rules; and external support offering\ud
the services of a local facilitator and funding for both planning and management stages. A clear finding from\ud
the research was the extent to which both business and social confidence can grow within such groups which\ud
opens up further development opportunities. Improving the farming community’s capacity to co‐operate will\ud
have far‐reaching benefits for all public good provision and diversification activities
Parameters of Heavy Quark Effective Theory from Nf=2 lattice QCD

We report on a non-perturbative determination of the parameters of the
lattice Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET) Lagrangian and of the time
component of the heavy-light axial-vector current with Nf=2 flavors of massless
dynamical quarks. The effective theory is considered at the 1/mh order, and the
heavy mass mh covers a range from slightly above the charm to beyond the beauty
region. These HQET parameters are needed to compute, for example, the b-quark
mass, the heavy-light spectrum and decay constants in the static approximation
and to order 1/mh in HQET. The determination of the parameters is done
non-perturbatively. The computation reported in this paper uses the plaquette
gauge action and two different static actions for the heavy quark described by
HQET. For the light-quark action we choose non-perturbatively O(a)-improved
Wilson fermions.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 4 table