pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Droplet-assisted laser micromachining of hard ceramics

Open Access funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council\ud
Under a Creative Commons license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/  by/4.0/Hard ceramic materials like tungsten carbide (WC) are extensively used in high value manufacturing, and micromachining of these materials with sufficient quality is essential to exploit its full potential. A new micro-machining technique called droplet assisted laser micromachining (DALM) was proposed and demonstrated as an alternative to the existing nanosecond (ns) dry pulse laser ablation (PLA). DALM involves injecting liquid micro-droplets at specific frequency during the nanosecond laser micromachining to create impulse shock pressure inside the laser irradiation zone. The impulse shock pressure is generated due to the explosive vaporisation of the droplet, during its interaction with high temperature laser irradiation zone. In this paper, the DALM uses a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser to machine tungsten carbide substrate. The results suggest that the impulse shock pressure generated during the DALM process can transform the melt ejection mechanism of the ns laser micromachining process. The change in ejection mechanism results in a 75% increase in material removal rate and 71% reduction in the spatter redeposited compared to conventional dry ns laser micromachining
Students’ views of oral performance assessment in mathematics: straddling the ‘assessment of’ and ‘assessment for’ learning divide

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education on 22nd Sept 2014, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2014.961124This paper explores the views of a group of students who took an oral performance assessment in a first year mathematics module. Such assessments are unusual for most subjects in the UK, but particularly within the generally homogenous assessment diet of undergraduate mathematics. The evidence presented here resonates with some, but not all, of the existing literature on oral assessment and suggests that, despite concerns about anxiety and fairness, students see oral assessments as encouraging a focus on understanding, being relatively authentic and reactive to their needs. We argue that, suitably implemented, oral assessment may be a viable assessment method for straddling the ‘assessment for’ and ‘assessment of’ learning divide in higher education
Disk Dispersal: Theoretical Understanding and Observational Constraints

Protoplanetary disks dissipate rapidly after the central star forms, on
time-scales comparable to those inferred for planet formation. In order to
allow the formation of planets, disks must survive the dispersive effects of UV
and X-ray photoevaporation for at least a few Myr. Viscous accretion depletes
significant amounts of the mass in gas and solids, while photoevaporative flows
driven by internal and external irradiation remove most of the gas. A
reasonably large fraction of the mass in solids and some gas get incorporated
into planets. Here, we review our current understanding of disk evolution and
dispersal, and discuss how these might affect planet formation. We also discuss
existing observational constraints on dispersal mechanisms and future
directions.Comment: Chapter in International Space Science Institute (ISSI) Book on "The
  Disk in Relation to the Formation of Planets and their Proto-atmospheres", to
  be published in Space Science Reviews by Springe
Jet shapes in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at ALICE

The aim of this work is to explore possible medium modifications to the
substructure of inclusive charged jets in Pb-Pb relative to proton-proton
collisions by measuring a set of jet shapes. The set of shapes includes the
radial moment, $g$, and the momentum dispersion $p_{\mathrm{T}}$D. They provide
complementary information on the fragmentation and can help to discriminate
between two different scenarios: intra-jet broadening or collimation as a
result of jet quenching. \noindent The shapes are measured in Pb--Pb collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with a constituent cutoff of 0.15 GeV/c and jet
resolution $R=$ 0.2. New techniques for background subtraction are applied and
a two-dimensional unfolding is performed to correct the shapes to particle
level. The corrected jet shapes for jet $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ $40\le
p_{\mathrm{T,jet}} \le 60$ GeV/c are presented and discussed. The observed jet
shape modifications suggest that the in-medium fragmentation is harder and more
collimated than vacuum fragmentation as obtained by a PYTHIA calculation. The
PYTHIA calculation is validated with proton-proton data at 7 TeV.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of Quark Matter
  2015, KOBE, Japa
Controlling congestion on complex networks: fairness, efficiency and
  network structure

We consider two elementary (max-flow and uniform-flow) and two realistic
(max-min fairness and proportional fairness) congestion control schemes, and
analyse how the algorithms and network structure affect throughput, the
fairness of flow allocation, and the location of bottleneck edges. The more
realistic proportional fairness and max-min fairness algorithms have similar
throughput, but path flow allocations are more unequal in scale-free than in
random regular networks. Scale-free networks have lower throughput than their
random regular counterparts in the uniform-flow algorithm, which is favoured in
the complex networks literature. We show, however, that this relation is
reversed on all other congestion control algorithms for a region of the
parameter space given by the degree exponent $\gamma$ and average degree ${k}$.
Moreover, the uniform-flow algorithm severely underestimates the network
throughput of congested networks, and a rich phenomenology of path flow
allocations is only present in the more realistic $\alpha$-fair family of
algorithms. Finally, we show that the number of paths passing through an edge
characterises the location of a wide range of bottleneck edges in these
algorithms. Such identification of bottlenecks could provide a bridge between
the two fields of complex networks and congestion control.Comment: publishe
Circuit design for multi-body interactions in superconducting quantum
  annealing system with applications to a scalable architecture

Quantum annealing provides a way of solving optimization problems by encoding
them as Ising spin models which are implemented using physical qubits. The
solution of the optimization problem then corresponds to the ground state of
the system. Quantum tunnelling is harnessed to enable the system to move to the
ground state in a potentially highly non-convex energy landscape. A major
difficulty in encoding optimization problems in physical quantum annealing
devices is the fact that many real world optimization problems require
interactions of higher connectivity as well as multi-body terms beyond the
limitations of the physical hardware. In this work we address the question of
how to implement multi-body interactions using hardware which natively only
provides two-body interactions. The main result is an efficient circuit design
of such multi-body terms using superconducting flux qubits in which effective
N-body interactions are implemented using N ancilla qubits and only two
inductive couplers. It is then shown how this circuit can be used as the unit
cell of a scalable architecture by applying it to a recently proposed embedding
technique for constructing an architecture of logical qubits with arbitrary
connectivity using physical qubits which have nearest-neighbor four-body
interactions. It is further shown that this design is robust to non-linear
effects in the coupling loops as well as mismatches in some of the circuit
parameters.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures (including appendices), major rewrite in version
  2 with discussion of 3 qubit coupler added, two appendices added with much
  more explanation, citations also added discussion of fabrication, robustness
  and realistic designs added in v3, references added after publication in v4,
  minor typo correction to Eq. 6 in v
Overview of 15-year severe combined immunodeficiency in the Netherlands: towards newborn blood spot screening.

Contains fulltext :
                  156888.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) is a fatal primary immunodeficiency usually presenting in the first months of life with (opportunistic) infections, diarrhea, and failure to thrive. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy (GT) are curative treatment options. The objective of the study was to assess the morbidity, mortality, and diagnostic and therapeutic delay in children with SCID in the Netherlands in the last 15 years. These data may help to judge whether SCID should be considered to be included in our national neonatal screening program. In the period 1998-2013, 43 SCID patients were diagnosed in the Netherlands, 11 of whom were atypical SCID (presentation beyond the first year). The median interval between the first symptom and diagnosis was 2 months (range 0-1173 months). The total mortality was 42 %. In total, 32 patients were treated with HSCT of whom 8 were deceased. Nine patients died due to severe infectious complications before curative treatment could be initiated. CONCLUSION: Because of a high mortality of patients with SCID before HSCT could be initiated, only a national newborn screening program and pre-emptive HSCT or GT will be able to improve survival of these patients. "WHAT IS KNOWN": * SCID is a fatal disease if a curative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cannot be performed in time. * Newborn screening for SCID enables early diagnosis in the asymptomatic phase. "WHAT IS NEW": * Nine out of 43 SCID patients in the Netherlands died due to severe infectious complications before curative treatment could be initiated. * Only newborn screening and pre-emptive curative therapy will improve survival of children with SCID in the Netherlands.1 september 201
Probing quantum and classical turbulence analogy in von Kármán liquid helium, nitrogen, and water experiments

5 pages, 5 figuresInternational audienceWe report measurements of the dissipation in the Superfluid Helium high REynold number von Karman flow (SHREK) experiment for different forcing conditions, through a regime of global hysteretic bifurcation. Our macroscopical measurements indicate no noticeable difference between the classical fluid and the superfluid regimes, thereby providing evidence of the same dissipative anomaly and response to asymmetry in fluid and superfluid regime. %In the latter case, A detailed study of the variations of the hysteretic cycle with Reynolds number supports the idea that (i) the stability of the bifurcated states of classical turbulence in this closed flow is partly governed by the dissipative scales and (ii) the normal and the superfluid component at these temperatures (1.6K) are locked down to the dissipative length scale
Local symmetry dynamics in one-dimensional aperiodic
lattices: a numerical study

A unifying description of lattice potentials generated by aperiodic one-dimensional sequences is proposed in terms of their local reflection or parity symmetry properties. We demonstrate that the ranges and axes of local reflection symmetry possess characteristic distributional and dynamical properties which can be determined for every aperiodic binary lattice. A striking aspect of such a property is given by the return maps of sequential spacings of local symmetry axes, which typically traverse few-point symmetry orbits. This local symmetry dynamics allows for a classification of inherently different aperiodic lattices according to fundamental symmetry principles. Illustrating the local symmetry distributional and dynamical properties for several representative binary lattices, we further show that the renormalized axis spacing sequences follow precisely the particular type of underlying aperiodic order. Our analysis thus reveals that the long-range order of aperiodic lattices is characterized in a compellingly simple way by its local symmetry dynamics
Management of the risk of backorders in a MTO-ATO /MTS context under imperfect requirements

International audienceProduction systems are often classified according to the way production is released, e.g. make-to-stock (MTS), make-to-order (MTO), assembly-to-order (ATO) or engineer-to-order (ETO). The choice of a type of production depends on the decoupling point between customer and supplier. In some supply chains, like in the aeronautical sector, a customer may work according to a MTO process (since his product is highly specific) while his supplier works with a MTS process (since he delivers variants of standards components). This situation sets specific problems that are seldom considered in the literature, especially when collaboration between actors is required for an efficient management of the supply chain, which is the case when uncertainties are present. In this paper, we propose a method based on fuzzy modelling allowing a customer to choose a plan taking into account the uncertainty on his requirements when he works in MTO-ATO while his supplier is in MTS
Stable chromium isotopic composition of meteorites and metal-silicate experiments: Implications for fractionation during core formation

We present new mass independent and mass dependent Cr isotope compositions for meteorites measured by double spike thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. Small differences in both mass independent 53Cr and 54Cr relative to the Bulk Silicate Earth are reported and are very similar to previously published values. Carbonaceous chondrites are characterised by an excess in 54Cr compared to ordinary and enstatite chondrites which make mass independent Cr isotopes a useful tool for distinguishing between meteoritic groups. Mass dependent stable Cr isotope compositions for the same samples are also reported. Carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites are identical within uncertainty with average δ53Crδ53Cr values of −0.118±0.040‰−0.118±0.040‰ and −0.143±0.074‰−0.143±0.074‰ respectively. The heaviest isotope compositions are recorded by an enstatite chondrite and a CO carbonaceous chondrite, both of which have relatively reduced chemical compositions implying some stable Cr isotope fractionation related to redox processes in the circumstellar disk. The average δ53Crδ53Cr values for chondrites are within error of the estimate for the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) also determined by double spiking. The lack of isotopic difference between chondritic material and the BSE provides evidence that Cr isotopes were not fractionated during core formation on Earth. A series of high-pressure experiments was also carried out to investigate stable Cr isotope fractionation between metal and silicate and no demonstrable fractionation was observed, consistent with our meteorites data. Mass dependent Cr isotope data for achondrites suggest that Cr isotopes are fractionated during magmatic differentiation and therefore further work is required to constrain the Cr isotopic compositions of the mantles of Vesta and Mars.\ud
Spectral optimization for the Stekloff--Laplacian: the stability issue

International audienceWe consider the problem of maximizing the first non trivial Stekloff eigenvalue of the Laplacian, among sets with given measure. We prove that the Brock--Weinstock inequality, asserting that optimal shapes for this spectral optimization problem are balls, can be improved by means of a (sharp) quantitative stability estimate. This result is based on the analysis of a certain class of weighted isoperimetric inequalities already proved in Betta et al. (J. of Inequal. \& Appl. 4: 215--240, 1999): we provide some new (sharp) quantitative versions of these, achieved by means of a suitable calibration technique
Static correlation functions and domain walls in glass-forming liquids: The case of a sandwich geometry

The problem of measuring nontrivial static correlations in deeply supercooled liquids made recently some progress thanks to the introduction of amorphous boundary conditions, in which a set of free particles is subject to the effect of a different set of particles frozen into their (low temperature) equilibrium positions. In this way, one can study the crossover from nonergodic to ergodic phase, as the size of the free region grows and the effect of the confinement fades. Such crossover defines the so-called point-to-set correlation length, which has been measured in a spherical geometry, or cavity. Here, we make further progress in the study of correlations under amorphous boundary conditions by analyzing the equilibrium properties of a glass-forming liquid, confined in a planar (“sandwich”) geometry. The mobile particles are subject to amorphous boundary conditions with the particles in the surrounding walls frozen into their low temperature equilibrium configurations. Compared to the cavity, the sandwich geometry has three main advantages: (i) the width of the sandwich is decoupled from its longitudinal size, making the thermodynamic limit possible; (ii) for very large width, the behaviour off a single wall can be studied; (iii) we can use “anti-parallel” boundary conditions to force a domain wall and measure its excess energy. Our results confirm that amorphous boundary conditions are indeed a very useful new tool in the study of static properties of glass-forming liquids, but also raise some warning about the fact that not all correlation functions that can be calculated in this framework give the same qualitative results.Fil: Gradenigo, Giacomo. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitaria Roma la Sapienza; Italia. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Istituto Sistemi Complessi; ItaliaFil: Trozzo, Roberto. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitaria Roma la Sapienza; ItaliaFil: Cavagna, Andrea. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Istituto Sistemi Complessi; Italia. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitaria Roma la Sapienza; ItaliaFil: Grigera, Tomas Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitaria Roma la Sapienza; ItaliaFil: Verrocchio, Paolo. Università di Trento. Dipartimento di Fisica; Italia. Instituto de Investigaciones Universitaria Roma la Sapienza; Italia. Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos; Españ
Accelerating the cosmic microwave background map-making procedure through preconditioning

International audienceEstimation of the sky signal from sequences of time ordered data is one of the key steps in cosmic microwave background (CMB) data analysis, commonly referred to as the map-making problem. Some of the most popular and general methods proposed for this problem involve solving generalised least-squares (GLS) equations with non-diagonal noise weights given by a block-diagonal matrix with Toeplitz blocks. In this work, we study new map-making solvers potentially suitable for applications to the largest anticipated data sets. They are based on iterative conjugate gradient (CG) approaches enhanced with novel, parallel, two-level preconditioners. We apply the proposed solvers to examples of simulated non-polarised and polarised CMB observations and a set of idealised scanning strategies with sky coverage ranging from a nearly full sky down to small sky patches. We discuss their implementation for massively parallel computational platforms and their performance for a broad range of parameters that characterise the simulated data sets in detail. We find that our best new solver can outperform carefully optimised standard solvers used today by a factor of as much as five in terms of the convergence rate and a factor of up to four in terms of the time to solution, without significantly increasing the memory consumption and the volume of inter-processor communication. The performance of the new algorithms is also found to be more stable and robust and less dependent on specific characteristics of the analysed data set. We therefore conclude that the proposed approaches are well suited to address successfully challenges posed by new and forthcoming CMB data sets
Defying jet-gas alignment in two radio galaxies at z ~ 2   with extended light profiles: Similarities to brightest  cluster galaxies

International audienceWe report the detection of extended warm ionized gas in two powerful high-redshift radio galaxies, NVSS J210626-314003 at z = 2.10 and TXS 2353-003 at z = 1.49, that does not appear to be associated with the radio jets. This is contrary to what would be expected from the alignment effect, a characteristic feature of distant, powerful radio galaxies at z ≥ 0.6. The gas also has smaller velocity gradients and line widths than most other high-z radio galaxies with similar data. Both galaxies are part of a systematic study of 50 high-redshift radio galaxies with SINFONI, and are the only two that are characterized by the presence of high surface-brightness gas not associated with the jet axis and by the absence of such gas aligned with the jet. Both galaxies are spatially resolved with ISAAC broadband imaging covering the rest-frame R band, and have extended wings that cannot be attributed to line contamination. We argue that the gas and stellar properties of these galaxies are more akin to gas-rich brightest cluster galaxies in cool-core clusters than the general population of high-redshift radio galaxies at z ≳ 2. In support of this interpretation, one of our sources, TXS 2353-003, for which we have Hα narrowband imaging, is associated with an overdensity of candidate Hα emitters by a factor of ~8 relative to the field at z = 1.5. We discuss possible scenarios of the evolutionary state of these galaxies and the nature of their emission line gas within the context of cyclical AGN feedback
p53 polymorphism influences response in cancer chemotheraphy via modulation of p73-dependent apoptosis

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Intact p73 function is shown to be an important determinant of cellular sensitivity to anticancer agents. Inhibition of p73 function by dominant-negative proteins or by mutant p53 abrogates apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by these agents. A polymorphism encoding either arginine (72R) or proline (72P) at codon 72 of p53 influences inhibition of p73 by a range of p53 mutants identified in squamous cancers. Clinical response following cisplatin-based chemo-radiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer is influenced by this polymorphism, cancers expressing 72R mutants having lower response rates than those expressing 72P mutants. Polymorphism in p53 may influence individual responsiveness to cancer therapy