pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for anomalous Wtb couplings and flavour-changing neutral currents
  in t-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and
  8 TeV

Single top quark events produced in the t channel are used to set limits on
anomalous Wtb couplings and to search for top quark flavour-changing neutral
current (FCNC) interactions. The data taken with the CMS detector at the LHC in
proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV correspond to integrated
luminosities of 5.0 and 19.7 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The analysis is
performed using events with one muon and two or three jets. A Bayesian neural
network technique is used to discriminate between the signal and backgrounds,
which are observed to be consistent with the standard model prediction. The 95%
confidence level (CL) exclusion limits on anomalous right-handed vector, and
left- and right-handed tensor Wtb couplings are measured to be |f[V]^R| < 0.16,
|f[T]^L| < 0.057, and -0.049 < f[T]^R < 0.048, respectively. For the FCNC
couplings kappa[tug] and kappa[tcg], the 95% CL upper limits on coupling
strengths are |kappa[tug]|/Lambda < 4.1E-3 TeV-1 and |kappa[tcg]|/Lambda <
1.8E-2 TeV-1, where Lambda is the scale for new physics, and correspond to
upper limits on the branching fractions of 2.0E-5 and 4.1E-4 for the decays t
to ug and t to cg, respectively.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-14-007/index.htm
Precision neutrino experiments vs the Littlest Seesaw

We study to what extent upcoming precision neutrino oscillation experiments
will be able to exclude one of the most predictive models of neutrino mass and
mixing: the Littlest Seesaw. We show that this model provides a good fit to
current data, predicting eight observables from two input parameters, and
provide new assessments of its predictions and their correlations. We then
assess the ability to exclude this model using simulations of upcoming neutrino
oscillation experiments including the medium-distance reactor experiments JUNO
and RENO-50 and the long-baseline accelerator experiments DUNE and T2HK. We
find that an accurate determination of the currently least well measured
parameters, namely the atmospheric and solar angles and the CP phase $\delta$,
provide crucial independent tests of the model. For $\theta_{13}$ and the two
mass-squared differences, however, the model's exclusion requires a combination
of measurements coming from a varied experimental programme. Our results show
that the synergy and complementarity of future experiments will play a vital
role in efficiently discriminating between predictive models of neutrino
flavour, and hence, towards advancing our understanding of neutrino
oscillations in the context of the flavour puzzle of the Standard Model.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figure
Simplified models of dark matter with a long-lived co-annihilation
  partner

We introduce a new set of simplified models to address the effects of 3-point
interactions between the dark matter particle, its dark co-annihilation
partner, and the Standard Model degree of freedom, which we take to be the tau
lepton. The contributions from dark matter co-annihilation channels are highly
relevant for a determination of the correct relic abundance. We investigate
these effects as well as the discovery potential for dark matter
co-annihilation partners at the LHC. A small mass splitting between the dark
matter and its partner is preferred by the co-annihilation mechanism and
suggests that the co-annihilation partners may be long-lived (stable or
meta-stable) at collider scales. It is argued that such long-lived electrically
charged particles can be looked for at the LHC in searches of anomalous charged
tracks. This approach and the underlying models provide an
alternative/complementarity to the mono-jet and multi-jet based dark matter
searches widely used in the context of simplified models with the s-channel
mediators. We consider four types of simplified models with different particle
spins and coupling structures. Some of these models are manifestly gauge
invariant and renormalizable, others would ultimately require a UV completion.
These can be realised in terms of supersymmetric models in the neutralino-stau
co-annihilation regime, as well as models with extra dimensions or composite
models.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, v2: References added, v3: Extended limits to
  longer lifetimes. Added appendix. Matches published version in JHE
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world

NERC NE/HO16996/1 Ocean acidification impacts on sea-surface biogeocehmistry and climateSeaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweed
Fatty acid uptake and lipid storage induced by HIF-1α contribute to cell growth and survival after hypoxia-reoxygenation.

An in vivo model of antiangiogenic therapy allowed us to identify genes upregulated by bevacizumab treatment, including Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) and FABP7, both of which are involved in fatty acid uptake. In vitro, both were induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. There was a significant lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hypoxia that was time and O2 concentration dependent. Knockdown of endogenous expression of FABP3, FABP7, or Adipophilin (an essential LD structural component) significantly impaired LD formation under hypoxia. We showed that LD accumulation is due to FABP3/7-dependent fatty acid uptake while de novo fatty acid synthesis is repressed in hypoxia. We also showed that ATP production occurs via β-oxidation or glycogen degradation in a cell-type-dependent manner in hypoxia-reoxygenation. Finally, inhibition of lipid storage reduced protection against reactive oxygen species toxicity, decreased the survival of cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro, and strongly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo
Particulate matter produced during commercial sugarcane harvesting and processing : a respiratory health hazard?

Emissions from sugarcane burning are known to impact on the respiratory health of sugar estate workers and local populations. Despite this, there have been few studies on occupational and ambient exposures and risks from airborne particulate matter (PM) associated with field burning and ash re-suspension. From workplace monitoring on sugarcane estates in two different South American countries in 2010 and 2011, median concentrations of airborne PM10 (particulate matter nominally <10 μm in diameter) were found to be statistically much higher during pre-harvest sugarcane burning (1807 μg m−3) than during either sugarcane cutting after burning (∼123 μg m−3) or in the sugarcane processing factory (∼175 μg m−3). Median PM10 measurements in ambient scenarios, for example in the sugarcane fields before the burning or during 24 h measurements in neighboring villages (bordering the sugarcane plantation), were much lower, between 18 and 37 μg m−3. From the analysis of size-selective samples of airborne PM10, collected during sugarcane field burning, cutting and ambient periods, almost all (∼96 wt %) fell within the ‘respirable’ fraction (<4 μm aerodynamic diameter), with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1.1 μm. Residual ash from field and bagasse burning, characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with X-ray elemental analysis, was found to contain carbonaceous and silicate-dominated particles in the PM0.5 and PM0.5-2.5 size ranges and fibres from <10 to over 50 μm in length. Only a small proportion of the field burning ash (average 0.6 vol %) and bagasse ash (average 1.3 vol %) was in the respirable fraction. However, from grinding experiments, which simulate disaggregation as a result of disturbance during harvest or bagasse ash removal, the ash was fragile and easily broken down into thoracic particulate (<10 μm aerodynamic diameter) and, in some instances, created respirable-sized PM. From exposure calculations, the 8 h time weighted average (TWA) concentrations of PM10, during the different measurement scenarios, were found to be below occupational exposure limits (OELs; 5000 μg m−3 for respirable PM). Ambient PM10 exposure of residents surrounding the sugarcane plantations was found to be below the WHO air quality guideline (50 μg m−3 as a 24 h mean). The relative risk calculated for ‘all cause’ mortality from exposure of nearby residents to PM10 generated by sugarcane burning was found to be 3%. The concentrations of PM10 produced during the processing of sugarcane were high (up to 21.5 mg m−3), which is concerning given that re-suspended particles of ash in the fields and processing plant have been previously shown to contain potentially toxic cristobalite. PM produced during sugarcane burning, and during extended periods of local exposure to the smoke and re-suspended ash, therefore, should be considered as both a potential acute and chronic respiratory health hazard. This issue will become increasingly important with the forecasted rise in sugarcane production for biofuels
Origin and insertion of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a systematic review of anatomy.

PURPOSE: The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the major medial soft-tissue stabiliser of the patella, originating from the medial femoral condyle and inserting onto the medial patella. The exact position reported in the literature varies. Understanding the true anatomical origin and insertion of the MPFL is critical to successful reconstruction. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine these locations. METHODS: A systematic search of published (AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library) and unpublished literature databases was conducted from their inception to the 3 February 2016. All papers investigating the anatomy of the MPFL were eligible. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified CASP tool. A narrative analysis approach was adopted to synthesise the findings. RESULTS: After screening and review of 2045 papers, a total of 67 studies investigating the relevant anatomy were included. From this, the origin appears to be from an area rather than (as previously reported) a single point on the medial femoral condyle. The weighted average length was 56 mm with an 'hourglass' shape, fanning out at both ligament ends. CONCLUSION: The MPFL is an hourglass-shaped structure running from a triangular space between the adductor tubercle, medial femoral epicondyle and gastrocnemius tubercle and inserts onto the superomedial aspect of the patella. Awareness of anatomy is critical for assessment, anatomical repair and successful surgical patellar stabilisation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Systematic review of anatomical dissections and imaging studies, Level IV
Geomorphic and shallow-acoustic investigation of an Antarctic Peninsula fjord system using high-resolution ROV and shipboard geophysical observations : ice dynamics and behaviour since the Last Glacial Maximum.

Detailed bathymetric and sub-bottom acoustic observations in Bourgeois Fjord (Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula) provide evidence on sedimentary processes and glacier dynamics during the last glacial cycle. Submarine landforms observed in the 50 km-long fjord, from the margins of modern tidewater glaciers to the now ice-distal Marguerite Bay, are described and interpreted. The landforms are grouped into four morpho-sedimentary systems: (i) glacial advance and full-glacial; (ii) subglacial and ice-marginal meltwater; (iii) glacial retreat and neoglaciation; and (iv) Holocene mass-wasting. These morpho-sedimentary systems have been integrated with morphological studies of the Marguerite Bay continental shelf and analysed in terms of the specific sedimentary processes and/or stages of the glacial cycle. They demonstrate the action of an ice-sheet outlet glacier that produced drumlins and crag-and-tail features in the main and outer fjord. Meltwater processes eroded bedrock channels and ponds infilled by fine-grained sediments. Following the last deglaciation of the fjord at about 9000 yr BP, subsequent Holocene neoglacial activity involved minor readvances of a tidewater glacier terminus in Blind Bay. Recent stillstands and/or minor readvances are inferred from the presence of a major transverse moraine that indicates grounded ice stabilization, probably during the Little Ice Age, and a series of smaller landforms that reveal intermittent minor readvances. Mass-wasting processes also affected the walls of the fjord and produced scars and fan-shaped deposits during the Holocene. Glacier-terminus changes during the last six decades, derived from satellite images and aerial photographs, reveal variable behaviour of adjacent tidewater glaciers. The smaller glaciers show the most marked recent retreat, influenced by regional physiography and catchment-area size
Predicting hospital stay, mortality, and readmission in people admitted for hypoglycaemia

The online version of this article\ud
(doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4235-1) contains peer-reviewed but unedited\ud
supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.Aims/hypothesis\ud
\ud
Hospital admissions for hypoglycaemia represent a significant burden on individuals with diabetes and have a substantial economic impact on healthcare systems. To date, no prognostic models have been developed to predict outcomes following admission for hypoglycaemia. We aimed to develop and validate prediction models to estimate risk of inpatient death, 24 h discharge and one month readmission in people admitted to hospital for hypoglycaemia.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
We used the Hospital Episode Statistics database, which includes data on all hospital admission to National Health Service hospital trusts in England, to extract admissions for hypoglycaemia between 2010 and 2014. We developed, internally and temporally validated, and compared two prognostic risk models for each outcome. The first model included age, sex, ethnicity, region, social deprivation and Charlson score (‘base’ model). In the second model, we added to the ‘base’ model the 20 most common medical conditions and applied a stepwise backward selection of variables (‘disease’ model). We used C-index and calibration plots to assess model performance and developed a calculator to estimate probabilities of outcomes according to individual characteristics.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
\ud
In derivation samples, 296 out of 11,136 admissions resulted in inpatient death, 1789/33,825 in one month readmission and 8396/33,803 in 24 h discharge. Corresponding values for validation samples were: 296/10,976, 1207/22,112 and 5363/22,107. The two models had similar discrimination. In derivation samples, C-indices for the base and disease models, respectively, were: 0.77 (95% CI 0.75, 0.80) and 0.78 (0.75, 0.80) for death, 0.57 (0.56, 0.59) and 0.57 (0.56, 0.58) for one month readmission, and 0.68 (0.67, 0.69) and 0.69 (0.68, 0.69) for 24 h discharge. Corresponding values in validation samples were: 0.74 (0.71, 0.76) and 0.74 (0.72, 0.77), 0.55 (0.54, 0.57) and 0.55 (0.53, 0.56), and 0.66 (0.65, 0.67) and 0.67 (0.66, 0.68). In both derivation and validation samples, calibration plots showed good agreement for the three outcomes. We developed a calculator of probabilities for inpatient death and 24 h discharge given the low performance of one month readmission models.\ud
\ud
Conclusions/interpretation\ud
\ud
This simple and pragmatic tool to predict in-hospital death and 24 h discharge has the potential to reduce mortality and improve discharge in people admitted for hypoglycaemia.FZ is a Clinical Research Fellow funded with an unrestricted\ud
educational grant from Sanofi-Aventis to the University of\ud
LeicesterPeer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Adaptive estimation of mean and volatility functions in (auto-)regressive models

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of nonparametric estimation of the mean and variance functions b and σ2 in a model: Xi+1=b(Xi)+σ(Xi)εi+1. For this purpose, we consider a collection of finite dimensional linear spaces. We estimate b using a mean squares estimator built on a data driven selected linear space among the collection. Then an analogous procedure estimates σ2, using a possibly different collection of models. Both data driven choices are performed via the minimization of penalized mean squares contrasts. The penalty functions are random in order not to depend on unknown variance-type quantities. In all cases, we state nonasymptotic risk bounds in L2 empirical norm for our estimators and we show that they are both adaptive in the minimax sense over a large class of Besov balls. Lastly, we give the results of intensive simulation experiments which show the good performances of our estimator
Maturation of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells from Myofibroblastic Precursors Is Critical for Antiviral Immunity

SummaryThe stromal scaffold of the lymph node (LN) paracortex is built by fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). Conditional ablation of lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) expression in LN FRCs and their mesenchymal progenitors in developing LNs revealed that LTβR-signaling in these cells was not essential for the formation of LNs. Although T cell zone reticular cells had lost podoplanin expression, they still formed a functional conduit system and showed enhanced expression of myofibroblastic markers. However, essential immune functions of FRCs, including homeostatic chemokine and interleukin-7 expression, were impaired. These changes in T cell zone reticular cell function were associated with increased susceptibility to viral infection. Thus, myofibroblasic FRC precursors are able to generate the basic T cell zone infrastructure, whereas LTβR-dependent maturation of FRCs guarantees full immunocompetence and hence optimal LN function during infection
Carbon nanotubes in TiO 2 nanofiber photoelectrodes for high-performance perovskite solar cells

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.1D semiconducting oxides are unique structures that have been widely used for photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their capability to provide a direct pathway for charge transport. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have played multifunctional roles in a range of PV cells because of their fascinating properties. Herein, the influence of CNTs on the PV performance of 1D titanium dioxide nanofiber (TiO2 NF) photoelectrode perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is systematically explored. Among the different types of CNTs, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) incorporated in the TiO2 NF photoelectrode PSCs show a significant enhancement (≈40%) in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to control cells. SWCNTs incorporated in TiO2 NFs provide a fast electron transfer within the photoelectrode, resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current (J sc) value. On the basis of our theoretical calculations, the improved open-circuit voltage (V oc) of the cells can be attributed to a shift in energy level of the photoelectrodes after the introduction of SWCNTs. Furthermore, it is found that the incorporation of SWCNTs into TiO2 NFs reduces the hysteresis effect and improves the stability of the PSC devices. In this study, the best performing PSC device constructed with SWCNT structures achieves a PCE of 14.03%
Climate social science—Any future for ‘blue sky research’ in management studies?

SummaryThe environmental humanities call for post-disciplinary approaches to meet the vexing problem of climate change. However, scholars have not scrutinised how management and organisation studies (MOS) could contribute to such an endeavour. This research note explores common surfaces of contact between the natural and social sciences, with the goal of unravelling the legitimate positions to speak from about climate change. The findings suggest that scholars in MOS are exposed to ecological reasoning, which undergirds underdog heroism, disciplinary confusion and a debasement of political subjectivity. As a counter strategy, I suggest that we affirm a ‘blue-sky research’ approach that would support alternative research paths and a more traditional will to know—to advance ‘climate social science’
An additional study of multi-muon events produced in pp¯ collisions at s=1.96 TeV

AbstractWe present one additional study of multi-muon events produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider and recorded by the CDF II detector. We use a data set acquired with a dedicated dimuon trigger and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.9 fb−1. We investigate the distribution of the azimuthal angle between the two trigger muons in events containing at least four additional muon candidates to test the compatibility of these events with originating from known QCD processes. We find that this distribution is markedly different from what is expected from such QCD processes and this observation strongly disfavors the possibility that multi-muon events result from an underestimate of the rate of misidentified muons in ordinary QCD events
Measurement of the D∗± meson production cross section and F2cc¯ at high Q2 in ep scattering at HERA

AbstractThe inclusive production of D∗±(2010) mesons in deep-inelastic e±p scattering is measured in the kinematic region of photon virtuality 100<Q2<1000 GeV2 and inelasticity 0.02<y<0.7. Single and double differential cross sections for inclusive D∗ meson production are measured in the visible range defined by |η(D∗)|<1.5 and pT(D∗)>1.5 GeV. The data were collected by the H1 experiment during the period from 2004 to 2007 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 351 pb−1. The charm contribution, F2cc¯, to the proton structure function F2 is determined. The measurements are compared with QCD predictions
Direct CP-violation in untagged B-meson decays

AbstractDirect CP-violation can exist in untagged, neutral B-meson decays to certain self-conjugate, hadronic final states. It can occur if the resonances which appear therein permit the identification of distinct, CP-conjugate states—in analogy to stereochemistry, we term such states “CP-enantiomers”. These states permit the construction of a CP-odd amplitude combination in the untagged decay rate, which is non-zero if direct CP-violation is present. The decay B→π+π−π0, containing the distinct CP-conjugate states ρ+π− and ρ−π+, provides one such example of a CP-enantiomeric pair. We illustrate the possibilities in various multi-particle final states