pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Novel T -Violation observable open to any pair of decay channels at meson factories

Quantum entanglement between the two neutral mesons produced in meson factories has allowed the first indisputable direct observation of Time Reversal Violation in the time evolution of the neutral meson between the two decays. The exceptional meson transitions are directly connected to semileptonic and CP eigenstate decay channels. The possibility of extending the observable asymmetries to more decay channels confronts the problem of the “orthogonality condition”, which can be stated with this tongue-twister: Given a decay channel f , which is the decay channel <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math> such that the meson state not decaying to <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math> is orthogonal to the meson state not decaying to f ? In this Letter we propose an alternative T -Violation asymmetry at meson factories which allows its opening to any pair of decay channels. Instead of searching which is the pair of decay channels associated to the T -reverse meson transition, we build an asymmetry which tags the initial states of both the Reference and the T -reverse meson transitions. This observable filters the appropriate final states by means of two measurable survival probabilities. We discuss the methodology to be followed in the analysis of the new observable and the results expected in specific examples
F-theory vacua with Z3 gauge symmetry

Discrete gauge groups naturally arise in F-theory compactifications on genus-one fibered Calabi–Yau manifolds. Such geometries appear in families that are parameterized by the Tate–Shafarevich group of the genus-one fibration. While the F-theory compactification on any element of this family gives rise to the same physics, the corresponding M-theory compactifications on these geometries differ and are obtained by a fluxed circle reduction of the former. In this note, we focus on an element of order three in the Tate–Shafarevich group of the general cubic. We discuss how the different M-theory vacua and the associated discrete gauge groups can be obtained by Higgsing of a pair of five-dimensional U(1) symmetries. The Higgs fields arise from vanishing cycles in I2 -fibers that appear at certain codimension two loci in the base. We explicitly identify all three curves that give rise to the corresponding Higgs fields. In this analysis the investigation of different resolved phases of the underlying geometry plays a crucial rôle
Search for physics beyond the standard model using multilepton signatures in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

23 páginas, 5 figuras, 1 tabla.-- Open access: \ud
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\ud
License 3.0.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons and any number\ud
of jets is presented. The data sample corresponds to 35 pb−1 of integrated luminosity in pp collisions\ud
at √s = 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. A number of exclusive multileptonic\ud
channels are investigated and standard model backgrounds are suppressed by requiring sufficient missing\ud
transverse energy, invariant mass inconsistent with that of the Z boson, or high jet activity. Control\ud
samples in data are used to ascertain the robustness of background evaluation techniques and to\ud
minimise the reliance on simulation. The observations are consistent with background expectations.\ud
These results constrain previously unexplored regions of supersymmetric parameter space.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria);\ud
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP\ud
(Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China);\ud
COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy\ud
of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and\ud
HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and\ud
HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE\ud
and DST(India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and\ud
WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and\ud
UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR\ud
(Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine,\ud
Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and\ud
CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei);\ud
TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF\ud
(USA).\ud
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme\ud
and the European Research Council (European Union);\ud
the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander\ud
von Humboldt Foundation; the Associazione per lo Sviluppo\ud
Scientifico e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy); the Belgian Federal\ud
Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la\ud
Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium);\ud
and the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie\ud
(IWT-Belgium).Peer reviewe
Preliminary slip rate estimates for the Düzce segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone from offset geomorphic markers

New estimates on the Quaternary slip rate of the active transform margin of North Anatolia are provided. We investigated the area struck by a Mw 7.1 earthquake on the 12th of November 1999 that ruptured the Düzce Fault segment of the North Anatolian Fault. In order to analyze the spectacular tectonically driven cumulative landforms and the drainage pattern settings, we carried out a 1:25,000-scale geological and geomorphological mapping along the fault trace. We reconstruct and describe, as offset
geomorphic markers, right-hand stream deflections and fluvial terraces inset into alluvial fan deposits. Radiocarbon dating indicates that ∼100 m stream deflections were built up by the last ∼7000 yrs of fault activity. Conversely, two documented and correlated Late Pleistocene fluvial terraces are horizontally offset by ∼300 and ∼900 m, respectively. These were dated by means of
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) to ∼21 ka BP and 60 ka BP. Assuming a constant rate of deformation for the Düzce Fault, ages and related offsets translate to consistent slip rates that yield an average slip rate of 15.0±3.2 mm/yr for the last 60 ka. Thus, the Düzce Fault importantly contributes to the North Anatolian margin deformation, suggesting a present-day partitioning of
displacement rates with the Mudurnu Fault to the south and confirming its important role in the seismic hazard of the area
Towards improving OSS products selection: matching selectors and OSS communities perspectives

Adopting OSS products is becoming an economical and strategic need for today organizations. A fundamental part of successful adoption is the informed selection of OSS products that best fit the organization needs. One of the main current problems hampering OSS selection is the vast amount of unstructured, incomplete, evolvable and widespread information about OSS products that highly increases the risks of taking a wrong decision as well as the likelihood to deter the use of an OSS product. In this paper, based on marketing research principles, we aim to inform and\ud
provide evidence to OSS communities that help them to envisage improvements on their information rendering strategies to satisfy industrial OSS selectors’ needs. Our results are from the matching between the informational needs of 23 OSS selectors from\ud
diverse software-intensive organizations, and the in-depth study of 9 OSS communities of different sizes and domains. The results evidenced specific areas of improvement. It is a first step to raise the awareness of OSS\ud
communities and researchers on areas that are required to improve the industrial OSS selection practice.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft
Set-membership parity space hybrid system diagnosis

In this paper, diagnosis for hybrid systems using a parity space approach that considers model uncertainty is proposed. The\ud
hybrid diagnoser is composed of modules which carry out the mode recognition and diagnosis tasks interacting each other, since the diagnosis module adapts accordingly to the current hybrid system mode. Moreover, the methodology takes into account the unknown but bounded uncertainty in parameters and additive errors (including noise and discretisation errors) using a passive robust strategy based on the set-membership approach. An adaptive threshold that bounds the effect of model uncertainty in residuals is generated for residual evaluation using zonotopes, and the parity space approach is used to design a set of residuals for each mode. The proposed fault diagnosis approach for hybrid systems is illustrated on a piece of the Barcelona sewer network.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Individual differences in children’s private speech : the role of imaginary companions.

Relations between children’s imaginary companion status and their engagement in private speech during free play were investigated in a socially diverse sample of 5-year-olds (N = 148). Controlling for socioeconomic status, receptive verbal ability, total number of utterances, and duration of observation, there was a main effect of imaginary companion status on type of private speech. Children who had imaginary companions were more likely to engage in covert private speech compared with their peers who did not have imaginary companions. These results suggest that the private speech of children with imaginary companions is more internalized than that of their peers who do not have imaginary companions and that social engagement with imaginary beings may fulfill a similar role to social engagement with real-life partners in the developmental progression of private speech
Wood formation in trees is increased by manipulating PXY-regulated cell division.

The woody tissue of trees is composed of xylem cells that arise from divisions of stem cells within the cambial meristem. The rate of xylem cell formation is dependent upon the rate of cell division within the cambium and is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors [1 and 2]. In the annual plant Arabidopsis, signaling between a peptide ligand CLE41 and a receptor kinase PXY controls cambial cell divisions [ 3, 4 and 5]; however, the pathway regulating secondary growth in trees has not been identified. Here, we show that an aspen receptor kinase PttPXY and its peptide ligand PttCLE41 are functional orthologs and act to control a multifunctional pathway that regulates both the rate of cambial cell division and woody tissue organization. Ectopic overexpression of PttPXY and PttCLE41 genes in hybrid aspen resulted in vascular tissue abnormalities and poor plant growth. In contrast, precise tissue-specific overexpression generated trees that exhibited a 2-fold increase in the rate of wood formation, were taller, and possessed larger leaves compared to the controls. Our results demonstrate that the PXY-CLE pathway has evolved to regulate secondary growth and manipulating this pathway can result in dramatically increased tree growth and productivity
Vortex hair on AdS black holes.

We analyse vortex hair for charged rotating asymptotically AdS black holes in the abelian Higgs model. We give analytical and numerical arguments to show how the vortex interacts with the horizon of the black hole, and how the solution extends to the boundary. The solution is very close to the corresponding asymptotically flat vortex, once one transforms to a frame that is non-rotating at the boundary. We show that there is a Meissner effect for extremal black holes, with the vortex flux being expelled from sufficiently small black holes. The phase transition is shown to be first order in the presence of rotation, but second order without rotation. We comment on applications to holography
Proton transfer reactions of N-aryl triazolium salts : unusual ortho-substituent effects.

Previous studies of the C(3)-hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions of the triazolium ion conjugate acids of triazolyl N-heterocyclic carbenes revealed a change of mechanism under acidic conditions with N1-protonation to a dicationic salt. Interestingly, the data suggested an increase in pKaN1 in the presence of a N-pentafluorophenyl substituent relative to other N-aryl substituents with hydrogens or methyl substituents rather than fluorines at the ortho-positions. To probe the presence of an apparent donor effect of a N-pentafluorophenyl substituent, which differs from the more common electron withdrawing effect of this group, we have studied the analogous deuterium exchange reactions of four triazolium salts with heteroatoms or heteroatom substituents in the 2-position and/or 6-position of the N-aryl ring. These include triazolium salts with N-2,4,6-tribromophenyl 11, N-2,6-dichlorophenyl 12, N-2-pyridyl 13 and N-2-pyrimidinyl 14 substituents. The log kex – pD profiles for 11, 12 and 14 were found to show similar trends at lower pDs as for the previously studied N-pentafluorophenyl triazolium salt, hence supporting the presence an apparent donor effect on pKaN1. Surprisingly, the log kex – pD profile for N-pyridyl salt 13 uniquely showed acid catalysis at lower pDs. We propose herein that this data is best explained by invoking an intramolecular general base role for the N-(2-pyridyl) substituent in conjunction with N1-protonation on the triazolium ring. Finally, the second order rate constants for deuteroxide ion catalysed C(3)-H/D exchange (kDO, M−1 s−1), which could be obtained from data at pDs >1.5, were used to provide estimates of C(3)-carbon acid pKaC3 values for the four triazolium salts 11, 12, 13, 14
The paradox between low shock-stage and evidence for compaction in CM carbonaceous chondrites explained by multiple low-intensity impacts.

Petrographic analysis of eight CM carbonaceous chondrites (EET 96029, LAP 031166, LON 94101, MET 01072, Murchison, Murray, SCO 06043, QUE 93005) by electron imaging and diffraction, and X-ray computed tomography, reveals that six of them have a petrofabric defined by shock flattened chondrules. With the exception of Murchison, those CMs that have a strong petrofabric also contain open or mineralized fractures, indicating that tensional stresses accompanying the impacts were sufficient to locally exceed the yield strength of the meteorite matrix. The CMs studied span a wide range of petrologic subtypes, and in common with Rubin (2012) we find that the strength of their petrofabrics increases with their degree of aqueous alteration. This correspondence suggests that impacts were responsible for enhancing alteration, probably because the fracture networks they formed tapped fluid reservoirs elsewhere in the parent body. Two meteorites that do not fit this pattern are MET 01072 and Murchison; both have a strong petrofabric but are relatively unaltered. In the case of MET 01072, impact deformation is likely to have postdated parent body aqueous activity. The same may also be true for Murchison, but as this meteorite also lacks fractures and veins, its chondrules were most likely flattened by multiple low intensity impacts. Multiphase deformation of Murchison is also revealed by the microstructures of calcite grains, and chondrule-defined petrofabrics as revealed by X-ray computed tomography. The contradiction between the commonplace evidence for impact-deformation of CMs and their low shock stages (most belong to S1) can be explained by most if not all having been exposed to multiple low intensity (i.e., <5 GPa) shock events. Aqueous alteration was enhanced by those impacts that were of sufficient intensity to open high permeability fracture networks that could connect to fluid reservoirs
Rethinking healthcare building design quality: an evidence-based strategy

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Taylor and Francis under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Healthcare buildings play a significant role in delivering healthcare services and outcomes (e.g. quality, suitability, cleanliness, patient experience, value for money and risk mitigation). However, the current diffusion of responsibilities in England between central government and healthcare trusts has created gaps and weaknesses in the evidence base, knowledge, skills and tools for creating and assessing healthcare building design quality. How can a national healthcare building design quality improvement strategy be created? This question is explored in relation to policy, strategy and organizational issues. Four evaluation studies and four action research studies indicate the complexity and responsibilities in defining a design quality improvement strategy. It is found that the interdisciplinary development of national standards and tools requires centralized investment to facilitate nationwide learning and improvements in evidence and outcomes. In addition, the inevitable health policy changes made by successive governments require a sustainable and strategic response. The creation and maintenance of capacity and capabilities will require a dedicated team of professionals and a wide interdisciplinary network of long-term contributors who are motivated by a long-term desire to improve healthcare building design quality
Intermolecular interactions and energetics in the crystalline π-π stacks and associated model dimer systems of asymmetric halogenated diketopyrrolopyrroles

Four novel structurally analogous asymmetric, halogenated N-benzyl substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPP) have been synthesized, and their crystal structures obtained. All four crystal structures exhibit π–π stacks with very small displacements along their short molecular axes, which based upon our previous studies involving symmetrical DPPs is a characteristic of N-benzyl substitution. Intermolecular interaction energies were computed for extracted crystal π–π dimer pairs by means of M06-2X density functional at the 6-311G(d) level to investigate the most energetically favored position of the halogen atoms in FBDPP and ClBDPP structures. In addition, effective stabilization energies arising from both benzyl and halogen substitution in these derivatives and in BrBDPP and IBDPP π–π dimer pairs were determined in order to probe the impact of these groups on the resulting dimer stability. Effects of the intermonomer displacements along the long molecular axis, which have been shown by us previously to significantly influence wavefunction overlap and effective electronic coupling, were investigated in detail using aligned and anti-aligned model systems of ClDPP and BrDPP. The predictions of these model systems are remarkably consistent with the observed displacements in their crystal derived π–π dimer pair equivalents, offering insight into the effective role of intermolecular contacts in crystal structures involving this molecular motif, particularly with a view toward crystal engineering in these systems. As a result, we believe that this study should be of significant interest to the growing DPP based materials community and in general to those investigating the detailed manner by which substituents can be employed in the supramolecular design of crystalline molecular architectures
Search for anomalous single top quark production in association with a
  photon in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The result of a search for flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) through
single top quark production in association with a photon is presented. The
study is based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV
using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 19.8 inverse femtobarns. The search for t gamma events
where t to Wb and W to mu nu is conducted in final states with a muon, a
photon, at least one hadronic jet with at most one being consistent with
originating from a bottom quark, and missing transverse momentum. No evidence
of single top quark production in association with a photon through a FCNC is
observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the tu gamma and
tc gamma anomalous couplings and translated into upper limits on the branching
fraction of the FCNC top quark decays: B(t to u gamma) < 1.3E-4 and B(t to c
gamma) < 1.7E-3. Upper limits are also set on the cross section of associated t
gamma production in a restricted phase-space region. These are the most
stringent limits currently available.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. All
  figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-14-003/index.htm
Could the width of the diphoton anomaly signal a three-body decay ?

The recently observed diphoton anomaly at the LHC appears to suggest the
presence of a rather broad resonance. In this note, it is pointed out that this
does not hold if the two photons are produced along with an extra state.
Specifically, the diphoton invariant mass arising from various $A \to
B\gamma\gamma$ processes, with $A,B$ being scalars, fermions, or vectors,
though peaked at a rather large value, would naturally be broad and could fit
rather well the observed deviations. This interpretation has a number of
advantages over the two-photon resonance hypothesis, for example with respect
to the compatibility with the 8 TeV diphoton, dilepton or dijet searches, and
opens many new routes for New Physics model construction.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures; v2: Extended version, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Hypervulnerability to Sound Exposure through Impaired Adaptive Proliferation of Peroxisomes.

A deficiency in pejvakin, a protein of unknown function, causes a strikingly heterogeneous form of human deafness. Pejvakin-deficient (Pjvk(-/-)) mice also exhibit variable auditory phenotypes. Correlation between their hearing thresholds and the number of pups per cage suggest a possible harmful effect of pup vocalizations. Direct sound or electrical stimulation show that the cochlear  sensory hair cells and auditory pathway neurons of Pjvk(-/-) mice and patients are exceptionally vulnerable to sound. Subcellular analysis revealed that pejvakin is associated with peroxisomes and required for their oxidative-stress-induced proliferation. Pjvk(-/-) cochleas display features of marked oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses, and peroxisomes in Pjvk(-/-) hair cells show structural abnormalities after the onset of hearing. Noise exposure rapidly upregulates Pjvk cochlear transcription in wild-type mice  and triggers peroxisome proliferation in hair cells and primary auditory neurons. Our results reveal that the antioxidant activity of peroxisomes protects the auditory system against noise-induced damage