pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Some topological problems on the configuration spaces of Artin and
  Coxeter groups

In the first part we review some topological and algebraic aspects in the
theory of Artin and Coxeter groups, both in the finite and infinite case (but
still, finitely generated). In the following parts, among other things, we
compute the Schwartz genus of the covering associated to the orbit space for
all affine Artin groups. We also give a partial computation of the cohomology
of the braid group with non-abelian coefficients coming from geometric
representations. We introduce an interesting class of "sheaves over posets",
which we call "weighted sheaves over posets", and use them for explicit
computations.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.2392. Proceedings of
  Configuration spaces: geometry, combinatorics and topology, CRM E.De Giorgi,
  2010, Edizioni della Scuola Normale Superior
Upregulation of erythropoietin and its receptor expression in the rat carotid body during chronic and intermittent hypoxia

Proceeding of the XVIIth ISAC Meeting (International Society for Arterial Chemoreception Meeting), School of Medicine of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain, July 1–5, 2008The carotid body (CB) plays important roles in cardiorespiratory changes in intermittent hypoxia (IH). Erythropoietin (EPO), a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 target gene, is present in the chemoreceptive type-I cells in the CB but its expression and role in IH resembling sleep apnoeic conditions are not known. We hypothesized that IH upregulates the expression of EPO and its receptor (EPOr) in the rat CB. The CB expressions of EPO and EPOr were examined in rats breathing 10% O 2 (in isobaric chamber for CH, 24 hour/day) or in IH (cyclic between air and 5% O 2 per minute, 8 hour/day) for 3-28 days. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the EPO and EPOr proteins were localized in CB glomic clusters. The proportional amount of cells with positive staining of EPO immunoreactivities was significantly increased in both IH and CH groups when compared with the normoxic control. The EPO expression was more markedly increased in the CH than that of the IH groups throughout the time course, reaching a peak level at day 14. The positive EPOr immunostaining was increased significantly in the 3-day CH group. By day 14, the EPOr expression elevated considerably at peak levels in both IH and CH rats, whereas the elevation was greater in the CH rats. These results suggest an upregulation of EPO and its receptor expression in the rat CB under IH and CH conditions, presumably mediated by the activation of HIF-1 pathway. The increased EPO binding to its receptor might play a role in the enhancement of CB excitability during the early pathogenesis in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.postprin
DPPX modifies TEA sensitivity of the Kv4 channels in rabbit carotid body chemoreceptor cells

El pdf del trabajo es la versión post-print.Chemoreceptor cells from rabbit carotid body (CB) exhibit transient outward currents reversibly inhibited by low P(o2). Molecular and functional dissection of the components of these outward currents indicates that at least two different channels (Kv4.3 and Kv3.4) contribute to this current. Furthermore, several lines of evidence support the conclusion that Kv4 channel subfamily members (either Kv4.3 alone or Kv4.3/Kv4.1 heteromultimers) are the oxygen sensitive K channels (K(o2)) in rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells. However, the pharmacological characterization of these currents shows that they are almost completely blocked by high external TEA concentrations, while Kv4 channels have been shown to be TEA-insensitive. We hypothesized that the expression of regulatory subunits in chemoreceptor cells could modify TEA sensitivity of Kv4 channels. Here, we explore the presence and functional contribution of DPPX to K(o2) currents in rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells by using DPPX functional knockdown with siRNA. Our data suggest that DPPX proteins are integral components of K(o2) currents, and that their association with Kv4 subunits modulate the pharmacological profile of the heteromultimers.This work was supported by Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants R006/009 (Red Heracles) and PI041044 (JRLL), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia grant BFU2004-05551 (MTPG) and Junta de Castilla y León grant VA011C05.Peer Reviewe
Phenomenology of the Heavy Flavored spin 3/2 Baryons in Light Cone QCD

Motivated by the results of the recent experimental discoveries for charm and
bottom baryons, the masses and magnetic moments of the heavy baryons with
$J^P=3/2^+$ containing a single heavy quark are studied within light cone QCD
sum rules method. Our results on the masses of heavy baryons are in good
agreement with predictions of other approaches, as well as with the existing
experimental data.Comment: 12 Pages, 18 Figures and 3 Tables. Based on: arXiv:0807.3481v2
  [hep-ph](Nucl.Phys.B808:137-154,2009). To be Published in the Proceeding of
  the International Conference on New Trends in High Energy Physics, 27 Sept.-4
  Oct. 2008, Yalta, Crimea, Ukrain
Carbon Exchange Among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems

Tropical rivers provide about 60% of the global transport of organic and inorganic carbon from continents to the coastal zone. These inputs combine with organic material from productive mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs to make tropical coastal ecosystems important components in the global carbon cycle. Carbon exchange has been measured over multiple spatial scales, ranging from the transport and fate of terrestrial organic matter to the coastal zone, export of organic matter to the open ocean, exchange of leaf litter between mangroves and adjacent seagrass beds, to movement of carbon (at a scale of meters) between adjacent saltmarsh and mangrove habitats. Carbon is exchanged directly as particulate or dissolved material, or through migration of animals or through a series of predator-prey interactions known as trophic relay. This chapter first examines riverine carbon inputs to the tropical coastal zone, and how this material is processed in estuaries. The mechanisms and extent of carbon exchange among tropical coastal ecosystems are then discussed, showing their importance in ecosystem carbon budgets, and the implications for faunal and microbial communities.Full Tex
Overview of Aspergillus allergens

Fungi in general and, Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) in particular, are able to produce complex patterns of IgE-binding molecules. Robotics-based high throughput screening of A. fumigatus cDNA libraries displayed on phage surfaces revealed at last 81 different sequences encoding structures potentially able to bind to serum IgE of sensitised individuals suffering from A. fumigatus-related complications. Although not all of these allergens have been characterised in detail, A. fumigatus still represents the best investigated allergenic source. A total of 23 A. fumigatus allergens are recorded by the official allergen list of the International Union of Immunological Societies (http://www.allergen.org) and this is by far the longest allergen list reported for a single allergenic source. The IgE-binding molecules include species-specific as well as phylogenetically highly conserved cross-reactive structures and such with unknown function. A subset of cDNAs have been used to produce and characterise the corresponding recombinant allergens which have proven to be useful diagnostic reagents allowing specific detection of A. fumigatus sensitisation and differential diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Structures highly conserved through different species like manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, P2 acidic ribosomal protein, cyclophilins and thioredoxins induce, beyond sensitisation, IgE antibodies able to cross-react with the corresponding homologous self-antigens. The frequently observed cross-reactivity is traceable back to shared discontinuous B-cell epitopes as shown by detailed analyses of the crystal structures
Phenomenology, Imagination and Interdisciplinary Research

The concept of imagination is notoriously ambiguous. Thus one must be cautious not to use ‘imagination’ as a placeholder for diverse phenomena and processes that perhaps have not much more in common than that they are difficult to assign to some other, better defined domain, such as perception, conceptual thought, or artistic production. However, this challenge also comes with great opportunities: the fecundity and openness of ‘imagination’ appeal to researchers from different disciplines with different approaches and questions, and it draws together fields of enquiry that are initially considered far apart. Hence, arguably, the field of imagination is particularly poised for interdisciplinary enquiry. In the section on Imagination in Interdisciplinary Research, I will talk about some of the issues that have already entered that field of interdisciplinary inquiry.status: publishe
The Ethics of Synthetic Biology: Outlining the Agenda

The projects and aims of synthetic biology raise various ethical questions, challenging some of our basic moral concepts. This chapter addresses these issues in three steps. First, we present an overview of different types of ethical issues related to synthetic biology by assigning them to three main categories: method-related, application-related, and distribution-related issues. The first category concerns the procedure and aims of synthetic biology, the second deals with certain planned applications of synthetic biology and the third with questions of distribution and access to procedures and products of this technology. Next, we address a statement often raised in the discussion about ethics of synthetic biology, namely that the ethical issues of synthetic biology have been discussed in previous debates and therefore do not need to be addressed again. We argue that past debates do not render the discussion of ethical issues superfluous because synthetic biology sets these issues in a new context and because the discussion of such issues fulfills in itself an important function, namely by stimulating thought about our relationship to technology and nature. Furthermore, given that synthetic biology’s aims go beyond those of previous technologies, we suggest that it does in fact raise novel ethical issues. Finally, we present opinions of European synthetic biologists on ethical issues in their field. At such an early stage of technological development, synthetic biologists play an important role in the assessment of their discipline, and are best placed to estimate the scientific potential of the field. In an attempt to capture the intuitions of the European synthetic biology community, we have carried out interviews, the results of which we briefly summarize in this last section. By presenting an overview of the various ethical issues and their actual and perceived importance, this chapter aims at providing a first outline for the agenda for an ethics of synthetic biology
A Novel Structural Assessment Technique to Prevent Damaged FRP-Wrapped Concrete Bridge Piers from Collapse

Repairing deteriorated concrete bridge piers using externally wrapped fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been proven as an effective approach. This technique has also been applied to low-rise building structures. Failures in FRP-wrapped concrete structures may occur by flexural failures of critical sections or by debonding of FRP plate from the concrete substrate. Debonding in the FRP/adhesive/concrete interface region may cause a significant decrease in member capacity leading to a premature failure of the system. In this chapter, a novel structural assessment technique aiming at inspecting the near-surface FRP debonding and concrete cracking of damaged FRP-wrapped concrete bridge piers to prevent the structures from collapse is presented. In the first part of this chapter, failure mechanisms of FRP-wrapped concrete systems are briefly discussed. The second part of this chapter introduces a novel structural assessment technique in which far-field airborne radar is applied. In this development, emphasis is placed on inspection of debonding in glass FRP (GFRP)-wrapped concrete cylinders, while the technique is also applicable to beams and slabs with bonded GFRP composites. Physical radar measurements on laboratory specimens with structural damages were conducted and used for validating the technique. Processed experimental measurements have shown promising results for the future application of the technique. Finally, research findings and issues are summarized.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant CMS-0324607)Lincoln Laborator
Sperm-dependent parthenogenesis and hybridogenesis in teleost fishes.

In so-called unisexual teleost fishes, a broad spectrum of evolutionaty stages with varying amounts of sexual elements has evolved. These range from pure sperm-dependent parthenogenesis (gynogenesis) without or with different amounts of paternal leakage to hybridogenesis with hemiclonal diploid gametogenesis or genome elimination folowed by meiosis (meiotic hybridogenesis). All of these phenomena are hybrid origin.
Many of these fish form complexes which involve the coexistence of one or more sexually reproducing species with derived all-female forms that have various ploidy levels and reproductive modes, including gynogenesis, (meiotic) hybridogenesis nnd sexual reproduction. In teleosts, parthenogenetic reproduction is strictly dependent on sperm to initate embryonic development. As opposed to true parthenogenesis, sperm-dependent parthenogenetic teleost lineages must primarily coexist with their "sperm donor", usually males from a parental sexual lineage or from a related sexual species. In some systems, gynogens were able to escape from their initial sperm donors ("host switch") and therefore, to enlarge their ranges and ecological niches. Sperm donors normally do not contribue genetically to the next generation. However, paternal leakage is observed in many systems contributing differing amounts of genetic material (from microchromosomes to entire chromosome sets) allowing interaction between genomes of different origin. Hybridogenesis is similar to gynogenesis in depending upon coexisence with sexual species but incorporates recombined genetic material by true fertilizazion. While hybridogens usually form clonal gametes, some triploids are capable of genome elimination followed by a normal diploid meiosis. Sperm-dependent parthenogenesis and hybridogenesis combine disadvantages and advantages from both sexuality and asexuality. Here, we give an overview of sperm-dependent breeding complexes in fishes, discuss the evolutionary consequences of paternal leakage, and speculate about the evolutionary significance of intergenomic (re)combination
Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic PDEs: from classification results to the properties of solutions

We begin with presentation of classification results in the theory of Hamiltonian PDEs with one spatial dimension depending on a small parameter. Special attention is paid to the deformation theory of integrable hierarchies, including an important subclass of the so-called integrable hierarchies of the topological type associated with semisimple Frobenius manifolds. Many well known equations of mathematical physics, such as KdV, NLS, Toda, Boussinesq etc., belong to this subclass, but there are many new integrable PDEs, some of them being of interest for applications. Connections with the theory of Gromov-Witten invariants and random matrices are outlined. We then address the problem of comparative study of singularities of solutions to the systems of first order quasilinear PDEs and their Hamiltonian perturbations containing higher derivatives. We formulate Universality Conjectures describing different types of critical behavior of perturbed solutions near the point of gradient catastrophe of the unperturbed one
Role of multiple subband renormalization in the electronic transport of
  correlated oxide superlattices

Metallic behavior of band-insulator/ Mott-insulator interfaces was observed
in artificial perovskite superlattices such as in nanoscale SrTiO3/LaTiO3
multilayers. Applying a semiclassical perspective to the parallel electronic
transport we identify two major ingredients relevant for such systems: i) the
quantum confinement of the conduction electrons (superlattice modulation) leads
to a complex, quasi-two dimensional subband structure with both hole- and
electron-like Fermi surfaces. ii) strong electron-electron interaction requires
a substantial renormalization of the quasi-particle dispersion. We characterize
this renormalization by two sets of parameters, namely, the quasi-particle
weight and the induced particle-hole asymmetry of each partially filled
subband. In our study, the quasi-particle dispersion is calculated
self-consistently as function of microscopic parameters using the slave-boson
mean-field approximation introduced by Kotliar and Ruckenstein. We discuss the
consequences of strong local correlations on the normal-state free-carrier
response in the optical conductivity and on the thermoelectric effects.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
Orbital fluctuations in the $R$VO$_3$ perovskites

The properties of Mott insulators with orbital degrees of freedom are
described by spin-orbital superexchange models, which provide a theoretical
framework for understanding their magnetic and optical properties. We introduce
such a model derived for $(xy)^1(yz/zx)^1$ configuration of V$^{3+}$ ions in
the $R$VO$_3$ perovskites, $R$=Lu,Yb,$\cdots$,La, and demonstrate that
$\{yz,zx\}$ orbital fluctuations along the $c$ axis are responsible for the
huge magnetic and optical anisotropies observed in the almost perfectly cubic
compound LaVO$_3$. We argue that the GdFeO$_3$ distortion and the large
difference in entropy of $C$-AF and $G$-AF phases is responsible for the second
magnetic transition observed at $T_{N2}$ in YVO$_3$. Next we address the
variation of orbital and magnetic transition temperature, $T_{\rm OO}$ and
$T_{N1}$, in the $R$VO$_3$ perovskites, after extending the spin-orbital model
by the crystal-field and the orbital interactions which arise from the
GdFeO$_3$ and Jahn-Teller distortions of the VO$_6$ octahedra. We further find
that the orthorhombic distortion which increases from LaVO$_3$ to LuVO$_3$
plays a crucial role by controlling the orbital fluctuations, and via the
modified orbital correlations influences the onset of both magnetic and orbital
order.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figure
Thermoelectrics Near the Mott Localization-Delocalization Transition

We give an overview on current status of the theoretical research on
Thermoelectricity for correlated materials. We derive the theoretical formulas
which become exact at low and high temperature and discuss the intermediate
temperature results. In particular, we show that within Dynamical Mean Field
Theory the low temperature sign of the thermopower is not necessary the same as
in LDA, and that significant non-universality is expected due to strong
correlations.Comment: appeared in "Properties and Applications of Thermoelectric
  Materials", Edited by V. Zlatic and A.C. Hewson, Springe
Amylinergic control of ingestive behavior

Amylin controls nutrient fluxes by reducing food intake, slowing gastric emptying and reducing postprandial glucagon secretion via a direct effect on the area postrema (AP). In the AP, amylin seems to modulate the anorectic signal elicited by cholecystokinin (CCK). Amylin’s excitatory action on AP neurons and its anorectic effect may depend on diet composition because rats fed protein as exclusive energy source showed a blunted response to amylin. In addition to a role in satiation (“episodic signal”), recent studies suggest that amylin may also play a role as an adiposity (“tonic”) signal. Similar to leptin or insulin, an elevated brain level of amylin resulted in lower body weight gain than in controls. This may also in part be due to an increase in energy expenditure. Overall, amylin may be an interesting target as a body weight lowering drug. Recent studies provided evidence that amylin, especially when combined with insulin, leptin or PYY has long-term effects on food intake and body weight in humans
Gene-based marker systems in plants: High throughput approaches for marker discovery and genotyping

Development and application of molecular markers derived from genes, commonly called genic markers or sometimes functional markers, is gaining momentum in plant genetics and breeding. Availability of large amount of sequence data coming from genome/transcriptome sequencing projects as well as advent of next generation sequencing technologies together with advances in bioinformatics tools, marker discovery is becoming cheaper and faster. The availability of inexpensive high-density SNP-genotyping arrays is encouraging the plant genetics and breeding community to undertake genome-wide marker genotyping for a variety of applications. For instance, high-throughput and low cost genotyping assays for gene-based markers offers the possibility to accelerate the trait mapping based on high-density linkage mapping as well as genome-scanning based association mapping approaches in addition to facilitate physical mapping, comparative mapping, phylogenetic studies and understanding genome organization in crop plant species. Marker discovery, genotyping and molecular breeding practices would be routine in near future for crop improvement in many crop species. Advances in the area of marker discovery and genotyping using highly parallel genomics assays and also a few applications have been discussed in this chapte
High-Accuracy Comparison between the Post-Newtonian and Self-Force
  Dynamics of Black-Hole Binaries

The relativistic motion of a compact binary system moving in circular orbit
is investigated using the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation and the
perturbative self-force (SF) formalism. A particular gauge-invariant observable
quantity is computed as a function of the binary's orbital frequency. The
conservative effect induced by the gravitational SF is obtained numerically
with high precision, and compared to the PN prediction developed to high order.
The PN calculation involves the computation of the 3PN regularized metric at
the location of the particle. Its divergent self-field is regularized by means
of dimensional regularization. The poles proportional to 1/(d-3) which occur
within dimensional regularization at the 3PN order disappear from the final
gauge-invariant result. The leading 4PN and next-to-leading 5PN conservative
logarithmic contributions originating from gravitational-wave tails are also
obtained. Making use of these exact PN results, some previously unknown PN
coefficients are measured up to the very high 7PN order by fitting to the
numerical self-force data. Using just the 2PN and new logarithmic terms, the
value of the 3PN coefficient is also confirmed numerically with very high
precision. The consistency of this cross-cultural comparison provides a crucial
test of the very different regularization methods used in both SF and PN
formalisms, and illustrates the complementarity of these approximation schemes
when modelling compact binary systems.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the book "Mass and Motion in
  General Relativity", proceedings of the C.N.R.S. School in Orleans, France,
  eds. L. Blanchet, A. Spallicci and B. F. Whitin
Motion in Quantum Gravity

We tackle the question of motion in Quantum Gravity: what does motion mean at
the Planck scale? Although we are still far from a complete answer we consider
here a toy model in which the problem can be formulated and resolved precisely.
The setting of the toy model is three dimensional Euclidean gravity. Before
studying the model in detail, we argue that Loop Quantum Gravity may provide a
very useful approach when discussing the question of motion in Quantum Gravity.Comment: 30 pages, to appear in the book "Mass and Motion in General
  Relativity", proceedings of the C.N.R.S. School in Orleans, France, eds. L.
  Blanchet, A. Spallicci and B. Whitin