pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting in the Standard Model and
  baryogenesis

On the basis of a previously proposed mechanism of neutrino-antineutrino mass
splitting in the Standard Model, which is Lorentz and $SU(2)\times U(1)$
invariant but non-local to evade $CPT$ theorem, we discuss the possible
implications of neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting on neutrino physics and
baryogenesis. It is shown that non-locality within a distance scale of the
Planck length, that may not be fatal to unitarity in generic effective theory,
can generate the neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting of the order of observed
neutrino mass differences, which is tested in oscillation experiments, and
non-negligible baryon asymmetry depending on the estimate of sphaleron
dynamics. The one-loop order induced electron-positron mass splitting in the
Standard Model is shown to be finite and estimated at $\sim 10^{-20}$ eV, well
below the experimental bound $< 10^{-2}$ eV. The induced $CPT$ violation in the
$K$-meson in the Standard Model is expected to be even smaller and well below
the experimental bound $|m_{K}-m_{\bar{K}}|<0.44\times 10^{-18}$ GeV.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figur
D-brane Standard Model

The minimal embedding of the Standard Model in type I string theory is
described. The SU(3) color and SU(2) weak interactions arise from two different
collections of branes. The correct prediction of the weak angle is obtained for
a string scale of 6-8 TeV. Two Higgs doublets are necessary and proton
stability is guaranteed. It predicts two massive vector bosons with masses at
the TeV scale, as well as a new superweak interaction.Comment: Presented at the Workshop On The Quantum Structure Of Spacetime And
  The Geometric Nature Of Fundamental Interactions, 4-10 Oct. 2000, Berli
The longitudinal asymmetry of the (e,e'p) missing momentum distribution as a signal of color transparency

We use multiple scattering theory to evaluate the Q^{2} dependence of the forward-backward asymmetry, A_{z}, of the missing momentum distribution in quasielstic A(e,e'p) scattering, which is expected to be affected by color transparency. The novel features of our analysis are a consistent treatment of the structure of the ejectile state formed after absorption of the virtual photon by the struck proton and a careful evaluation of the background asymmetry induced by the nonvanishing real part of the proton-nucleon scattering amplitude. We find that the absolute magnitude of A_{z} is dominated by this background at the Q^{2}'s attainable at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility. However, the Q^{2} dependence of the asymmetry is sensitive to the onset of color transparency, whose observation in high statistics experiments appears to be feasible, particularly using light targets such as ^{12}C or ^{16}O
Confining Strings with Topological Term

We consider several aspects of `confining strings', recently proposed to describe the confining phase of gauge field theories. We perform the exact duality transformation that leads to the confining string action and show that it reduces to the Polyakov action in the semiclassical approximation. In 4D we introduce a `$\theta$-term' and compute the low-energy effective action for the confining string in a derivative expansion. We find that the coefficient of the extrinsic curvature (stiffness) is negative, confirming previous proposals. In the absence of a $\theta$-term, the effective string action is only a cut-off theory for finite values of the coupling e, whereas for generic values of $\theta$, the action can be renormalized and to leading order we obtain the Nambu-Goto action plus a topological `spin' term that could stabilize the system
Spherically symmetric Yang-Mills solutions in a 5-dimensional (Anti-) de
  Sitter space-time

We consider an Einstein-Yang-Mills Lagrangian in a five dimensional
space-time including a cosmological constant. Assuming all fields to be
independent of the extra coordinate, a dimensional reduction leads to an
effective (3+1)-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs-dilaton model where the
cosmological constant induces a Liouville potential in the dilaton field. We
construct spherically symmetric solutions analytically in specific limits and
study the generic solutions for vanishing dilaton coupling numerically. We find
that in this latter case the solutions bifurcate with the branch of (Anti-) de
Sitter-Reissner-Nordstrom ((A)dSRN) solutions.Comment: 9 Latex pages, 3 PS-figure
Palatini Formulation of Modified Gravity with $\ln R$ Terms

Recently, corrections to the standard Einstein-Hilbert action are proposed to
explain the current cosmic acceleration in stead of introducing dark energy. We
discuss the Palatini formulation of the modified gravity with a $\ln R$ term
suggested by Nojiri and Odintsov. We show that in the Palatini formulation, the
$\ln R$ gravity can drive a current exponential accelerated expansion and it
reduces to the standard Friedmann evolution for high redshift region. We also
discuss the equivalent scalar-tensor formulation of the theory. We indicate
that the $\ln R$ gravity may still have a conflict with electron-electron
scattering experiment which stimulates us to pursue a more fundamental theory
which can give the $\ln R$ gravity as an effective theory. Finally, we discuss
a problem faced with the extension of the $\ln R$ gravity by adding $R^m$
terms.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections to match the published versio
Photometric catalog of nearby globular clusters, 1

We present the first part of the first large and homogeneous CCDcolor-magnitude diagram (CMD) data base, comprising 52 nearby Galactic globularclusters (GGC) imaged in the V and I bands using only two telescopes (one foreach hemisphere). The observed clusters represent 750f the known Galacticglobulars with (m-M)v<=16.15 mag, cover most of the globular clustermetallicity range (-2.2 <= [Fe/H] <= -0.4), and span Galactocentric distancesfrom ~1.2 to ~18.5 kpc. In this paper, the CMDs for the 39 GGCs observed in the southern hemisphereare presented. The remaining 13 northern hemisphere clusters of the catalog arepresented in a companion paper. For four clusters (NGC 4833, NGC 5986, NGC6543, and NGC 6638) we present for the first time a CMD from CCD data. Thetypical CMD spans from the 22nd V magnitude to the tip of the red giant branch.Based on a large number of standard stars, the absolute photometric calibrationis reliable to the ~0.02 mag level in both filters. This catalog, because of its homogeneity, is expected to represent a usefuldata base for the measurement of the main absolute and relative parameterscharacterizing the CMD of GGCs
Semi-classical spectral estimates for Schr\"odinger operators at a
  critical level. Case of a degenerate maximum of the potential

We study the semi-classical trace formula at a critical energy level for a
Schr\"odinger operator on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$. We assume here that the potential
has a totally degenerate critical point associated to a local maximum. The main
result, which establishes the contribution of the associated equilibrium in the
trace formula, is valid for all time in a compact subset of $\mathbb{R}$ and
includes the singularity in $t=0$. For these new contributions the asymptotic
expansion involves the logarithm of the parameter $h$. Depending on an explicit
arithmetic condition on the dimension and the order of the critical point, this
logarithmic contribution can appear in the leading term.Comment: 27 pages, perhaps to be revise
Motivation and value influences in the relative balance of goal-directed and habitual behaviours in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Our decisions are based on parallel and competing systems of goal-directed and habitual learning, systems which can be impaired in pathological behaviours. Here we focus on the influence of motivation and compare reward and loss outcomes in subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) on model-based goal-directed and model-free habitual behaviours using the two-step task. We further investigate the relationship with acquisition learning using a one-step probabilistic learning task. Forty-eight OCD subjects and 96 healthy volunteers were tested on a reward and 30 OCD subjects and 53 healthy volunteers on the loss version of the two-step task. Thirty-six OCD subjects and 72 healthy volunteers were also tested on a one-step reversal task. OCD subjects compared with healthy volunteers were less goal oriented (model-based) and more habitual (model-free) to reward outcomes with a shift towards greater model-based and lower habitual choices to loss outcomes. OCD subjects also had enhanced acquisition learning to loss outcomes on the one-step task, which correlated with goal-directed learning in the two-step task. OCD subjects had greater stay behaviours or perseveration in the one-step task irrespective of outcome. Compulsion severity was correlated with habitual learning in the reward condition. Obsession severity was correlated with greater switching after loss outcomes. In healthy volunteers, we further show that greater reward magnitudes are associated with a shift towards greater goal-directed learning further emphasizing the role of outcome salience. Our results highlight an important influence of motivation on learning processes in OCD and suggest that distinct clinical strategies based on valence may be warranted
Field-case simulation of CO2-plume migration using vertical-equilibrium models

When injected in deep saline aquifers, CO2 moves radially away from the injection well and progressively higher in the formation because of buoyancy forces. Analyzes have shown that after the injection period, CO2 will potentially migrate over several kilometers in the horizontal direction but only tens of meters in the vertical direction, limited by the aquifer caprock. Because of the large horizontal plume dimensions, three-dimensional numerical simulations of the plume migration over long periods of time are computationally intensive. Thus, to get results within a reasonable time frame, one is typically forced to use coarse meshes and long time steps which result in inaccurate results because of numerical errors in resolving the plume tip.

Given the large aspect ratio between the vertical and horizontal plume dimensions, it is reasonable to approximate the CO2 migration using vertically averaged models. Such models can, in many cases, be more accurate than coarse three-dimensional computations. In particular, models based on vertical equilibrium (VE) are attractive to simulate the long-term fate of CO2 sequestered into deep saline aquifers. The reduced spatial dimensionality resulting from the vertical integration ensures that the computational performance of VE models exceeds the performance of standard three-dimensional models. Thus, VE models are suitable to study the long-time and large-scale behavior of plumes in real large-scale CO2-injection projects. We investigate the use of VE models to simulate CO2 migration in a real large-scale field case based on data from the Sleipner site in the North Sea. We discuss the potential and limitations of VE models and show how VE models can be used to give reliable estimates of long-term CO2 migration. In particular, we focus on a VE formulation that incorporates the aquifer geometry and heterogeneity, and that considers the effects of hydrodynamic and residual trapping. We compare the results of VE simulations with standard reservoir simulation tools on test cases and discuss their advantages and limitations and show how, provided that certain conditions are met, they can be used to give reliable estimates of long-term CO2 migration
The Gaia-ESO Survey: The analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra of FGK-type stars

Context. The ongoing Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is using FLAMES at the VLT to obtain high-quality medium-resolution Giraffe spectra for about 105 stars and high-resolution UVES spectra for about 5000 stars. With UVES, the Survey has already observed 1447 FGK-type stars. Aims. These UVES spectra are analyzed in parallel by several state-of-the-art methodologies. Our aim is to present how these analyses were implemented, to discuss their results, and to describe how a final recommended parameter scale is defined. We also discuss the precision (method-to-method dispersion) and accuracy (biases with respect to the reference values) of the final parameters. These results are part of the Gaia-ESO second internal release and will be part of its first public release of advanced data products. Methods. The final parameter scale is tied to the scale defined by the Gaia benchmark stars, a set of stars with fundamental atmospheric parameters. In addition, a set of open and globular clusters is used to evaluate the physical soundness of the results. Each of the implemented methodologies is judged against the benchmark stars to define weights in three different regions of the parameter space. The final recommended results are the weighted medians of those from the individual methods. Results. The recommended results successfully reproduce the atmospheric parameters of the benchmark stars and the expected Teff-log  g relation of the calibrating clusters. Atmospheric parameters and abundances have been determined for 1301 FGK-type stars observed with UVES. The median of the method-to-method dispersion of the atmospheric parameters is 55 K for Teff, 0.13 dex for log  g and 0.07 dex for [Fe/H]. Systematic biases are estimated to be between 50−100 K for Teff, 0.10−0.25 dex for log  g and 0.05−0.10 dex for [Fe/H]. Abundances for 24 elements were derived: C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Mo, Ba, Nd, and Eu. The typical method-to-method dispersion of the abundances varies between 0.10 and 0.20 dex. Conclusions. The Gaia-ESO sample of high-resolution spectra of FGK-type stars will be among the largest of its kind analyzed in a homogeneous way. The extensive list of elemental abundances derived in these stars will enable significant advances in the areas of stellar evolution and Milky Way formation and evolution
Bootstrapping Topological Properties and Systemic Risk of Complex Networks Using the Fitness Model

In this paper we present a novel method to reconstruct global topological properties of a complex network starting from limited information. We assume to know for all the nodes a non-topological quantity that we interpret as fitness. In contrast, we assume to know the degree, i.e. the number of connections, only for a subset of the nodes in the network. We then use a fitness model, calibrated on the subset of nodes for which degrees are known, in order to generate ensembles of networks. Here, we focus on topological properties that are relevant for processes of contagion and distress propagation in networks, i.e. network density and k-core structure, an
Multivariate functional outlier detection

Functional data are occurring more and more often in practice, and various statistical techniques have been developed to analyze them. 
In this paper we consider multivariate functional data, where for each curve and each time point a p-dimensional vector of measurements is observed. For functional data the study of outlier detection has started only recently, and was mostly limited to univariate curves (p=1).
In this paper we set up a taxonomy of functional outliers,
and construct new numerical and graphical techniques for the 
detection of outliers in multivariate functional data, with 
univariate curves included as a special case.
Our tools include statistical depth functions and distance
measures derived from them. The methods we study are affine invariant in p-dimensional space, and do not assume elliptical or any other symmetry.status: publishe
Measurement of the branching ratio for β-delayed αdecay of 16N

We thank James de Boer and Karsten Riisager for helpful dis-cussion on the R-matrix analysis. OSK acknowledges support from the Villum Foundation. We also acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council under ERC starting grant LOBENA, No. 307447, the Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) under Programme 114 (TRIμP), the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme through IA-ENSAR (contract no. RII3-CT-2010-262010), FWO-Vlaanderen (Belgium), GOA/2010/010 (BOF KU Leuven) and the Interuniver-sity Attraction Poles Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BriX network P7/12).status: publishe
A first experimental limit on in-matter torsion from neutron spin rotation in liquid 4 He

We report the first experimental upper bound to our knowledge on possible in-matter torsion interactions of the neutron from a recent search for parity violation in neutron spin rotation in liquid 4 He. Our experiment constrains a coefficient ζ consisting of a linear combination of parameters involving the time components of the torsion fields <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msup></math> and <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msup></math> from the nucleons and electrons in helium which violates parity. We report an upper bound of <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mi>ζ</mi><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>5.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> GeV</mtext></math> at 68% confidence level and indicate other physical processes that could be analyzed to constrain in-matter torsion
Exploiting symmetries within constraint satisfaction search

Symmetry often appears in real-world constraint satisfaction problems, but strategies for exploiting it are only beginning to be developed. Here, a framework for exploiting symmetry within depth-first search is proposed, leading to two heuristics for variable selection and a domain pruning procedure. These strategies are then applied to two highly symmetric combinatorial problems, namely the Ramsey problem and the generation of balanced incomplete block designs. Experimental results show that these general-purpose strategies can compete with, and in some cases outperform, previous more ad hoc procedures.This work was supported by the project 'Computación mediante restricciones en robótica y gestión de recursos' (070-725).Peer Reviewe
Sphingolipids of the mycopathogen Sporothrix schenckii: identification of a glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide with novel core GlcNH(2)alpha 1 -> 2Ins motif

Acidic glycosphingolipid components were extracted from the yeast form of the dimorphic mycopathogen Sporothrix schenckii. Two minor and the major fraction from the yeast form (Ss-Y1, -Y2, and -Y6. respectively) have been isolated. By a combination of 1- and 2-D H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ss-Y6 was determined to be triglycosylinositol phosphorylceramide with a novel glycan structure, Man alpha1 --> 3Man alpha1 --> 6GlcNH(2)alpha1 --> 2Ins1-P-1Cer (where Ins = myo-inositol, P = phosphodiester), While the GlcNH(2)alpha1 --> 6Ins1-P-motif is found widely distributed in eukaryotic GPI anchors, the linkage GlcNH(2)alpha1 --> 2Insl-P- has not been previously observed in any glycolipid, Ss-Y1 and Ss-Y2 were both found to have the known glycan structure Man alpha1 --> 3Man alpha1 --> 2Ins1-P-1Cer, Together with the results of a prior study [Toledo et al, (2001) Biochem, Biophys. Res. Commun, 280, 19-24] which showed that the mycelium form expresses GIPCs with the structures Man alpha1 --> 6Ins1-P-1Cer and Man alpha1 --> 3Man alpha1 --> 6Ins1-P-1Cer, these results demonstrate that S, schenckii can synthesize glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides with at least three different core Linkages, (C) 2001 Federation of European Biochemical Societies, Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biochem, BR-04023900 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biochem, BR-04023900 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
The accumulation and trapping of grains at planet gaps : effects of grain growth and fragmentation

This research was partially supported by the Programme National de Physique Stellaire and the Programme National de Planétologie of CNRS/INSU, France, and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) of France through contract ANR-07-BLAN-0221. J.-F. Gonzalez's research was conducted within the Lyon Institute of Origins under grant ANR-10-LABX-66. G. Laibe is grateful for funding from the European Research Council for the FP7 ERC advanced grant project ECOGAL. C. Pinte acknowledges funding from the European Commission's FP7 (contract PERG06-GA-2009-256513) and ANR (contract ANR-2010-JCJC-0504-01).We model the dust evolution in protoplanetary disks with full 3D, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), two-phase (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations. The gas+dust dynamics, where aerodynamic drag leads to the vertical settling and radial migration of grains, is consistently treated. In a previous work, we characterized the spatial distribution of non-growing dust grains of different sizes in a disk containing a gap-opening planet and investigated the gap's detectability with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Here we take into account the effects of grain growth and fragmentation and study their impact on the distribution of solids in the disk. We show that rapid grain growth in the two accumulation zones around planet gaps is strongly affected by fragmentation. We discuss the consequences for ALMA observations.PostprintPeer reviewe
Inequalities in mental health and well-being in a time of austerity : baseline findings from the Stockton-on-Tees cohort study.

Since 2010, the UK has pursued a policy of austerity characterised by public spending cuts and welfare changes. There has been speculation – but little actual research – about the effects of this policy on health inequalities. This paper reports on a case study of local health inequalities in the local authority of Stockton-on-Tees in the North East of England, an area characterised by high spatial and socio-economic inequalities. The paper presents baseline findings from a prospective cohort study of inequalities in mental health and mental wellbeing between the most and least deprived areas of Stockton-on-Tees. This is the first quantitative study to explore local mental health inequalities during the current period of austerity and the first UK study to empirically examine the relative contributions of material, psychosocial and behavioural determinants in explaining the gap. Using a stratified random sampling technique, the data was analysed using multi-level models that explore the gap in mental health and wellbeing between people from the most and least deprived areas of the local authority, and the relative contributions of material, psychosocial and behavioural factors to this gap. The main findings indicate that there is a significant gap in mental health between the two areas, and that material and psychosocial factors appear to underpin this gap. The findings are discussed in relation to the context of the continuing programme of welfare changes and public spending cuts in the UK