pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Towards mitigation of greenhouse gases by small changes in farming practices: understanding local barriers in Spain.

Small changes in agricultural practices have a large potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the implementation of such practices at the local level is often limited by a range of barriers. Understanding the barriers is essential for defining effective measures, the actual mitigation potential of the measures, and the policy needs to ensure implementation. Here we evaluate behavioural, cultural, and policy barriers for implementation of mitigation practices at the local level that imply small changes to farmers. The choice of potential mitigation practices relevant to the case study is based on a literature review of previous empirical studies. Two methods that include the stakeholders? involvement (experts and farmers) are undertaken for the prioritization of these potential practices: (a) Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) of the choices of an expert panel and (b) Analysis of barriers to implementation based on a survey of farmers. The MCA considers two future climate scenarios ? current climate and a drier and warmer climate scenario. Results suggest that all potential selected practices are suitable for mitigation considering multiple criteria in both scenarios. Nevertheless, if all the barriers for implementation had the same influence, the preferred mitigation practices in the case study would be changes in fertilization management and use of cover crops. The identification of barriers for the implementation of the practices is based on the econometric analysis of surveys given to farmers. Results show that farmers? environmental concerns, financial incentives and access to technical advice are the main factors that define their barriers to implementation. These results may contribute to develop effective mitigation policy to be included in the 2020 review of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy
NLO+NLL limits on W′ and Z′ gauge boson masses in general extensions of the Standard Model

QCD resummation predictions for the production of charged ( W ′ ) and neutral ( Z ′ ) heavy gauge bosons decaying leptonically are presented. The results of our resummation code at next-to-leading order and next-to-leading logarithmic (NLO+NLL) accuracy are compared to Monte Carlo predictions obtained with PYTHIA at leading order (LO) supplemented with parton showers (PS) and FEWZ at NLO and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) for the p T -differential and total cross sections in the Sequential Standard Model (SSM) and general SU(2)×SU(2)×U(1) models. The LO+PS Monte Carlo and NNLO fixed-order predictions are shown to agree approximately with those at NLO+NLL at small and intermediate p T , respectively, and the importance of resummation for total cross sections is shown to increase with the gauge boson mass. The theoretical uncertainties are estimated by variations of the renormalisation/factorisation scales and of the parton densities, the former being significantly reduced by the resummation procedure. New limits at NLO+NLL on W ′ and Z ′ boson masses are obtained by reinterpreting the latest ATLAS and CMS results in general extensions of the Standard Model
J -kink domain walls and the DBI action

We study J -kink domain walls in D = 4 massive ℂ P 1 sigma model. The domain walls are not static but stationary, since they rotate in an internal S 1 space with a frequency ω and a momentum k along the domain wall. They are characterized by a conserved current J μ = ( Q , J ), and are classified into magnetic ( J 2 < 0), null ( J 2 = 0), and electric ( J 2 > 0) types. Under a natural assumption that a low energy effective action of the domain wall is dual to the D = 4 DBI action for a membrane, we are lead to a coincidence between the J -kink domain wall and the membrane with constant magnetic field B and electric field E . We also find that ( Q , J , ω, k ) is dual to ( B , E , H , D ) with H and D being a magnetizing field and a displacement field, respectively
On discrete symmetries and torsion homology in F-theory

We study the relation between discrete gauge symmetries in F-theory compactifications and torsion homology on the associated Calabi-Yau manifold. Focusing on the simplest example of a ℤ 2 $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_2 $$ symmetry, we show that there are two physically distinct ways that such a discrete gauge symmetry can arise. First, compactifications of M-Theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds which support a genus-one fibration with a bi-section are known to be dual to six-dimensional F-theory vacua with a ℤ 2 $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_2 $$ gauge symmetry. We show that the resulting five-dimensional theories do not have a ℤ 2 $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_2 $$ symmetry but that the latter emerges only in the F-theory decompactification limit. Accordingly the genus-one fibred Calabi-Yau manifolds do not exhibit torsion in homology. Associated to the bi-section fibration is a Jacobian fibration which does support a section. Compactifying on these related but distinct varieties does lead to a ℤ 2 $$ {\mathbb{Z}}_2 $$ symmetry in five dimensions and, accordingly, we find explicitly an associated torsion cycle. We identify the expected particle and membrane system of the discrete symmetry in terms of wrapped M2 and M5 branes and present a field-theory description of the physics for both cases in terms of circle reductions of six-dimensional theories. Our results and methods generalise straightforwardly to larger discrete symmetries and to four-dimensional compactifications
On the gluonic operator effective potential in holographic Yang-Mills theory

The holographic formalism is applied to the calculation of the effective potential for the scalar glueball operator. Three different versions of this operator are defined, and for each we compute the associated effective potential and discuss its properties and scheme ambiguities. For one of them, the trace of the stress tensor, the potential is fixed by scale covariance and the conformal anomaly. Contact is made to earlier attempts to guess this effective potential from the conformal anomaly. We apply our results to the Improved Holographic QCD model calculating the glueball condensate
Choosing a variable ordering for truth-table invariant cylindrical algebraic decomposition by incremental triangular decomposition

Cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) is a key tool for solving problems in real algebraic geometry and beyond. In recent years a new approach has been developed, where regular chains technology is used to first build a decomposition in complex space. We consider the latest variant of this which builds the complex decomposition incrementally by polynomial and produces CADs on whose cells a sequence of formulae are truth-invariant. Like all CAD algorithms the user must provide a variable ordering which can have a profound impact on the tractability of a problem. We evaluate existing heuristics to help with the choice for this algorithm, suggest improvements and then derive a new heuristic more closely aligned with the mechanics of the new algorithm
Breakdown parameter for kinetic modeling of multiscale gas flows

Multiscale methods built purely on the kinetic theory of gases provide information about the molecular velocity distribution function. It is therefore both important and feasible to establish new breakdown parameters for assessing the appropriateness of a fluid description at the continuum level by utilizing kinetic information rather than macroscopic flow quantities alone. We propose a new kinetic criterion to indirectly assess the errors introduced by a continuum-level description of the gas flow. The analysis, which includes numerical demonstrations, focuses on the validity of the Navier-Stokes-Fourier equations and corresponding kinetic models and reveals that the new criterion can consistently indicate the validity of continuum-level modeling in both low-speed and high-speed flows at different Knudsen numbers
Vulnerabilities - Bibliometric analysis and literature review of evolving concepts

In this work we analyse the evolution of the vulnerability concept in the research streams of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). We combine a traditional literature review with data mining procedures applied to bibliographic databases to reconstruct the history of the concept within various research topics, showing its evolution and convergences over time. To do that, we integrate different methods combining machine learning algorithms with network and cluster analyses to examine a set of 3757 articles, analysing their distinctive features and similarities on the basis of their contents as well as co-authorships. Bibliometric analyses enable the identification of different communities of articles, pinpointing key papers and authors, while literature review makes it possible to assess the concept of vulnerability evolved within and beyond research communities and scientific networks. Moreover, this work examines the role played by documents published by UN institutions (UNDRO, UNISDR, IPCC) in contributing to the evolution of vulnerability and related concepts. Results show that signs of convergence are evident between the two research streams, and that the IPCC reports have played a major role in proposing solutions for unifying definitions of vulnerability. We observe that the phases of preparation of the IPCC reports are very rich in methodological and terminological developments, while after publication, the literature shows evident signs of propagation of the proposed concepts. The DRR research stream developed before the research stream on CCA, but the latter flourished rapidly and became much larger in terms of number of publications. Nevertheless, in terms of contents, adaptation studies and the IPCC have shown increasing adoption of the concepts developed within the disaster research stream, in particular with regard to the interpretation of vulnerability as one of the dimensions of risk
Identification of photon-tagged jets in the ALICE experiment

NIM A: accepted manuscriptThe ALICE experiment at LHC will detect and identify prompt photons and light neutral-mesons with the PHOS detector and the additional EMCal electromagnetic calorimeter. Charged particles will be detected and identified by the central tracking system. In this article, the possibility of studying the interaction of jets with the nuclear medium, using prompt photons as a tool to tag jets, is investigated by simulations. New methods to identify prompt photon-jet events and to distinguish them from the jet-jet background are presented
The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale structures wild bee assemblages in a densely populated region

International audienceGiven the predicted expansion of cities throughout the world, understanding the effect of urbanization on bee fauna is a major issue for the conservation of bees. The aim of this study was to understand how urbanization affects wild bee assemblages along a gradient of impervious surfaces and to determine the influence of landscape composition and floral resource availability on these assemblages. We chose 12 sites with a proportion of impervious surfaces (soil covered by parking, roads, and buildings) ranging from 0.06% to 64.31% within a 500 m radius. We collected using pan trapping and estimated the landscape composition of the sites within a 500 m radius and the species richness of plant assemblages within a 200 m radius. We collected 1104 bees from 74 species. The proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale had a negative effect on wild bee abundance and species richness, whereas local flower composition had no effect. Ground-nesting bees were particularly sensitive to the urbanization gradient. This study provides new evidences of the impact of urbanization on bee assemblages and the proportion of impervious surfaces at the landscape scale emerged as a key factor that drives those assemblages
Long-term persistence of the spatial organization of temperature fluctuation lifetime in turbulent air avalanches

International audienceIt has been recently proposed that some natural phenomena, such as sunspot occurrence, can be represented by a modulated Markov jitter, which is a high-frequency Markov signal multiplied by a long-term component. The two parameters of this model can be estimated using a nonlinear method based on absolute derivatives. This analysis is applied here to a different physical system: the temperature time series measured during air avalanches in the vertical access pit of an underground quarry. The thermal fluctuations associated with these turbulent flows, driven by the external temperature forcing, actually appear as another practical realization of a modulated Markov jitter. One parameter of the model provides the lifetime of the temperature fluctuations, which can be estimated as a function of time and position. The obtained lifetime is of the order of 10 to 25 min, and is remarkably constant in time for each sensor, independently of the amplitude of the forcing. Furthermore, a significant and persistent spatial structure is observed, revealing a long-term intrinsic organization of the turbulent air flows in the pit. Such a stable spatial organization may reflect a general feature of turbulent phenomena
Interleukin-18 produced by bone marrow- derived stromal cells supports T-cell acute leukaemia progression

International audienceDevelopment of novel therapies is critical for T-cell acute leukae-mia (T-ALL). Here, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the MAPK/MEK/ERK pathway on T-ALL cell growth. Unexpectedly, MEK inhibitors (MEKi) enhanced growth of 70% of human T-ALL cell samples cultured on stromal cells independently of NOTCH activa-tion and maintained their ability to propagate in vivo. Similar results were obtained when T-ALL cells were cultured with ERK1/ 2-knockdown stromal cells or with conditioned medium from MEKi-treated stromal cells. Microarray analysis identified interleu-kin 18 (IL-18) as transcriptionally up-regulated in MEKi-treated MS5 cells. Recombinant IL-18 promoted T-ALL growth in vitro, whereas the loss of function of IL-18 receptor in T-ALL blast cells decreased blast proliferation in vitro and in NSG mice. The NFKB pathway that is downstream to IL-18R was activated by IL-18 in blast cells. IL-18 circulating levels were increased in T-ALL-xeno-grafted mice and also in T-ALL patients in comparison with controls. This study uncovers a novel role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 and outlines the microenvironment involvement in human T-ALL development
Automata for arithmetic Meyer sets

International audienceThe set ℤ<sub>β</sub> of β-integers is a Meyer set when β is a Pisot number, and thus there exists a ﬁnite set F such that ℤ<sub>β</sub>-ℤ<sub>β</sub>⊂ℤ<sub>β</sub>+F. We give ﬁnite automata describing the expansions of the elements of ℤ<sub>β</sub> and of ℤ<sub>β</sub>-ℤ<sub>β</sub>. We present a construction of such a ﬁnite set F, and a method to minimize the size of F. We obtain in this way a ﬁnite transducer that performs the decomposition of the elements of ℤ<sub>β</sub>-ℤ<sub>β</sub> as a sum belonging to ℤ<sub>β</sub>+F
Practical Bloom filter based epidemic forwarding and congestion control in DTNs: A comparative analysis

International audienceEpidemic forwarding has been proposed as a forwarding technique to achieve opportunistic communication in delay tolerant networks (DTNs). Even if this technique is well known and widely referred, one has to address several practical problems before using it. Unfortunately, while the literature on DTNs is full of new techniques, very little has been done in comparing them. In particular, while Bloom filters have been proposed to exchange information about the buffer content prior to sending information in order to avoid redundant retransmissions, up to our knowledge no real evaluation has been provided to study the tradeoffs that exist for using Bloom filters in practice. A second practical issue in DTNs is buffer management (resulting from finite buffers) and congestion control (resulting from greedy sources). This has also been the topic of several papers that had already uncovered the difficulty to acquire accurate information mandatory to regulate the data transmission rates and buffer space. In this paper, we fill this gap. We have been implementing a simulation of different proposed congestion control schemes for epidemic forwarding in ns-3 environment. We use this simulation to compare different proposed schemes and to uncover issues that remain in each one of them. Based on this analysis, we proposed some strategies for Bloom filter management based on windowing and describe implementation tradeoffs. Afterwards, we propose a back-pressure rate control as a well as an aging based buffer managing solution to deal with congestion control. By simulating our proposed mechanisms in ns-3 both with random-waypoint mobility and realistic mobility traces coming from San-Francisco taxicabs, we show that the proposed mechanisms alleviate the challenges of using epidemic forwarding in DTN
Applying relational algebra and RelView to measures in a social network

International audienceWe present an application of relation algebra to measure agents' 'strength' in a social network with influence between agents. In particular, we deal with power, success, and influence of an agent as measured by the generalized Hoede-Bakker index and its modifications, and by the influence indices. We also apply relation algebra to determine followers of a coalition and the kernel of an influence function. This leads to specifications, which can be executed with the help of the BDD-based tool RelView after a simple translation into the tool's programming language. As an example we consider the present Dutch parliament
Improved age control on early Homo fossils from the upper Burgi Member at Koobi Fora, Kenya

International audienceTo address questions regarding the evolutionary origin, radiation and dispersal of the genus Homo, it is crucial to be able to place the occurrence of hominin fossils in a high-resolution chronological framework. The period around 2 Ma (millions of years ago) in eastern Africa is of particular interest as it is at this time that a more substantial fossil record of the genus Homo is first found. Here we combine magnetostratigraphy and strontium (Sr) isotope stratigraphy to improve age control on hominin-bearing upper Burgi (UBU) deposits in Areas 105 and 131 on the Karari Ridge in the eastern Turkana Basin (Kenya). We identify the base of the Olduvai subchron (bC2n) plus a short isolated interval of consistently normal polarity that we interpret to be the Pre-Olduvai event. Combined with precession-forced (∼20 kyr [thousands of years]) wet-dry climate cycles resolved by Sr isotope ratios, the magnetostratigraphic data allow us to construct an age model for the UBU deposits. We provide detailed age constraints for 15 hominin fossils from Area 131, showing that key specimens such as cranium KNM-ER 1470, partial face KNM-ER 62000 and mandibles KNM-ER 1482, KNM-ER 1801, and KNM-ER 1802 can be constrained between 1.945 ± 0.004 and 2.058 ± 0.034 Ma, and thus older than previously estimated. The new ages are consistent with a temporal overlap of two species of early Homo that can be distinguished by their facial morphology. Further, our results show that in this time interval, hominins occurred throughout the wet-dry climate cycles, supporting the hypothesis that the lacustrine Turkana Basin was a refugium during regionally dry periods. By establishing the observed first appearance datum of a marine-derived stingray in UBU deposits at 2.058 ± 0.034 Ma, we show that at this time the Turkana Basin was hydrographically connected to the Indian Ocean, facilitating dispersal of fauna between these areas. From a biogeographical perspective, we propose that the Indian Ocean coastal strip should be considered as a possible source area for one or more of the multiple Homo species in the Turkana Basin from over 2 Ma onwards
Hot Spots in an Athermal System

International audienceWe study experimentally the dynamical heterogeneities occurring at slow shear, in a model amorphous glassy material, i.e., a 3D granular packing. The deformation field is resolved spatially by using a diffusive wave spectroscopy technique. The heterogeneities show up as localized regions of strong deformations spanning a mesoscopic size of about 10 grains and called the "hot spots." The spatial clustering of hot spots is linked to the subsequent emergence of shear bands. Quantitatively, their appearance is associated with the macroscopic plastic deformation, and their rate of occurrence gives a physical meaning to the concept of "fluidity," recently used to describe the local and nonlocal rheology of soft glassy materials
Solving dynamic contact problems with local refinement in space and time

International audienceFrictional dynamic contact problems with complex geometries are a challenging task from the compu tational as well as from the analytical point of view since they generally involve space and time multi scale aspects. To be able to reduce the complexity of this kind of contact problem, we employ a non conforming domain decomposition method in space, consisting of a coarse global mesh not resolving the local struc ture and an overlapping fine patch for the contact computation. This leads to several benefits: First, we resolve the details of the surface only where it is needed, i.e., in the vicinity of the actual contact zone. Second, the subproblems can be discretized independently of each other which enables us to choose a much finer time scale on the contact zone than on the coarse domain. Here, we propose a set of interface conditions that yield optimal a priori error estimates on the fine meshed subdomain without any artificial dissipation. Further, we develop an efficient iterative solution scheme for the coupled problem that is robust with respect to jumps in the material parameters. Several complex numerical examples illustrate the performance of the new scheme
TiPEX: A Tool Chain for Timed Property Enforcement During eXecution

International audienceThe TiPEX tool implements the enforcement monitoring algorithms for timed properties proposed in [1]. Enforcement monitors are generated from timed automata specifying timed properties. Such monitors correct input sequences by adding extra delays between events. Moreover, TiPEX also provides modules to generate timed automata from patterns, compose them, and check the class of properties they belong to in order to optimize the monitors. This paper also presents the performance evaluation of TiPEX within some experimental setup
Boron-doped superlattices and Bragg mirrors in diamond

International audienceA periodic modulation of the boron doping level of single crystal diamond multilayers over more than three orders of magnitude during epitaxial growth by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is shown to yield Bragg mirrors in the visible. The thicknesses and doping level of the individual layers were controlled by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, enabling to tune the reflec-tance peak to the wavelength range of diamond color centers, such as NV 0 or NV À . The crystalline quality, periodicity, and sharpness of the doping transitions in these doping superlattices over tens of periods were confirmed by high resolution X-ray diffraction
Modeling concept drift: A probabilistic graphical model based approach

An often used approach for detecting and adapting to concept
drift when doing classification is to treat the data as i.i.d. and use
changes in classification accuracy as an indication of concept drift. In this
paper, we take a different perspective and propose a framework, based
on probabilistic graphical models, that explicitly represents concept drift
using latent variables. To ensure efficient inference and learning, we resort
to a variational Bayes inference scheme. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate
and analyze the proposed framework using synthetic data sets as
well as a real financial data set from a Spanish bank.© Springer. This is the authors’ accepted and refereed manuscript to the article