pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The IntSat method for integer linear programming

Conflict-Driven Clause-Learning (CDCL) SAT solvers can automatically solve very large real-world problems. To go beyond, and in particular in order to solve and optimize problems involving linear arithmetic constraints, here we introduce IntSat, a generalization of CDCL to Integer Linear Programming (ILP). Our simple 1400-line C++ prototype IntSat implementation already shows some competitiveness with commercial solvers such as CPLEX or Gurobi. Here we describe this new IntSat ILP solving method, show how it can be implemented efficiently, and discuss a large list of possible enhancements and extensions.Postprint (author’s final draft
Improving GAC-4 for Table and MDD Constraints

International audienceWe introduce GAC-4R, MDD-4, and MDD-4R three new algorithms for maintaining arc consistency for table and MDD constraints. GAC-4R improves the well-known GAC-4 algorithm by managing the internal data structures in a different way. Instead of maintaining the internal data structures only by studying the consequences of deletions, we propose to reset the data structures by recomputing them from scratch whenever it saves time. This idea avoids the major drawback of the GAC-4 algorithm, i.e., its cost at a shallow search-tree depth. We also show that this idea can be exploited in MDD constraints. Experiments show that GAC-4R is competitive with the best arc-consistency algorithms for table constraints, and that MDD-4R clearly outperforms all classical algorithms for table or MDD constraints
Improvement of the Embarrassingly Parallel Search for Data Centers

International audienceWe propose an adaptation of the Embarrassingly Parallel Search (EPS) method for data centers. EPS is a simple but efficient method for parallel solving of CSPs. EPS decomposes the problem in many distinct subproblems which are then solved independently by workers. EPS performed well on multi-cores machines (40), but some issues arise when using more cores in a datacenter. Here, we identify the decomposition as the cause of the degradation and propose a parallel decomposition to address this issue. Thanks to it, EPS gives almost linear speedup and outperforms work stealing by orders of magnitude using the Gecode solver
Decomposing utility functions in Bounded Max-Sum for distributed constraint optimization

Bounded Max-Sum is a message-passing algorithm for solving distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOP) able to compute solutions with a guaranteed approximation ratio. In this paper we show that the introduction of an intermediate step that decomposes functions may significantly improve its accuracy. This is especially relevant in critical applications (e.g. automatic surveillance, disaster response scenarios) where the accuracy of solutions is of vital importance.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft
Continuous Casting Scheduling with Constraint Programming

Although the Steel Mill Slab problem (prob 38 of CSPLib) has already been studied by the CP community, this approach is unfor- tunately not used anymore by steel producers since last century. Contin- uous casting is preferred instead, allowing higher throughput and better steel quality. This paper presents a CP model related to scheduling of op- erations for steel making with continuous casting. Activities considered range from the extraction of iron in the furnace to its casting in con- tinuous casters. We describe the problem, detail a CP scheduling model that is finally used to solve real-life instances of some of the PSI Metals’ customers
Monotone Temporal Planning : tractability, extensions and applications (Extended abstract)

We describe a polynomially-solvable class of temporal planning problems. Polynomiality follows from two assumptions. Firstly, by supposing that each fluent (fact) can be established by at most one action, we can quickly determine which actions are necessary in any plan. Secondly, the monotonicity of fluents allows us to express planning as an instance of STP ≠  (Simple Temporal Problem with difference constraints). This class includes temporally-expressive problems requiring the concurrent execution of actions, with potential applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical and construction industries. Any (temporal) planning problem has a monotone relaxation, which can lead to the polynomial-time detection of its unsolvability in certain cases. Indeed our relaxation is orthogonal to the relaxation based on ignoring deletes used in classical planning since it preserves deletes and can also exploit temporal information
On the Indispensable Premises of the Indispensability Argument

International audienceWe identify four different minimal versions of the indispensability argument, falling under four difference varieties: an epistemic argument for semantic realism, an epistemic argument for platonism, and a non-epistemic version of both. We argue that most current formulations of the argument can be reconstructed by building upon the suggested minimal versions. Part of our discussion relies on a clarification of the notion of (in)dispensability as relational in character. We then present some substantive consequences of our inquiry for the philosophical significance of the indispensability argument, the most relevant of which being that both naturalism and confirmational holism can be dispensed with, contrary to what is held by many
A Framework for Semi-automatic Fiducial Localization in Volumetric Images

Fiducial localization in volumetric images is a common task\ud
performed by image-guided navigation and augmented reality systems.\ud
These systems often rely on fiducials for image-space to physical-space\ud
registration, or as easily identifiable structures for registration validation\ud
purposes. Automated methods for fiducial localization in volumetric im-\ud
ages are available. Unfortunately, these methods are not generalizable as\ud
they explicitly utilize strong a priori knowledge such as fiducial intensity\ud
values in CT, or known spatial configurations as part of the algorithm.\ud
Thus, manual localization has remained the most general approach, read-\ud
ily applicable across fiducial types and imaging modalities. The main\ud
drawbacks of manual localization are the variability and accuracy errors\ud
associated with visual localization. We describe a semi-automatic fiducial\ud
localization approach that combines the strengths of the human opera-\ud
tor and an underlying computational system. The operator identifies the\ud
rough location of the fiducial, and the computational system accurately\ud
localizes it via intensity based registration using the mutual information\ud
similarity measure. This approach is generic, implicitly accommodating\ud
for all fiducial types and imaging modalities. The framework was evalu-\ud
ated using five fiducial types and three imaging modalities. We obtained\ud
a maximal localization accuracy error of 0.35mm, with a maximal preci-\ud
sion variability of 0.5mm
Deriving a multi-subject functional-connectivity atlas to inform connectome estimation

MICCAI 2014 preprintInternational audienceThe estimation of functional connectivity structure from functional neuroimaging data is an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of various brain diseases and building relevant biomarkers. Yet, such inferences have to deal with the low signal-to-noise ratio and the paucity of the data. With at our disposal a steadily growing volume of publicly available neuroimaging data, it is however possible to improve the estimation procedures involved in connectome mapping. In this work, we propose a novel learning scheme for functional connectivity based on sparse Gaussian graphical models that aims at minimizing the bias induced by the regularization used in the estimation, by carefully separating the estimation of the model support from the coefficients. Moreover, our strategy makes it possible to include new data with a limited computational cost. We illustrate the physiological relevance of the learned prior, that can be identified as a functional connectivity atlas, based on an experiment on 46 subjects of the Human Connectome Dataset
BrainPrint: Identifying Subjects by Their Brain

Introducing BrainPrint, a compact and discriminative representation of anatomical structures in the brain. BrainPrint captures shape information of an ensemble of cortical and subcortical structures by solving the 2D and 3D Laplace-Beltrami operator on triangular (boundary) and tetrahedral (volumetric) meshes. We derive a robust classifier for this representation that identifies the subject in a new scan, based on a database of brain scans. In an example dataset containing over 3000 MRI scans, we show that BrainPrint captures unique information about the subject’s anatomy and permits to correctly classify a scan with an accuracy of over 99.8%. All processing steps for obtaining the compact representation are fully automated making this processing framework particularly attractive for handling large datasets.Alexander von Humboldt-StiftungAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (P41-RR014075)Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (P41-EB015896)National Alliance for Medical Image Computing (U.S.) (U54-EB005149)Neuroimaging Analysis Center (U.S.) (P41-EB015902
Gravitational Radiation from Compact Binary Pulsars

An outstanding question in modern Physics is whether general relativity (GR)
is a complete description of gravity among bodies at macroscopic scales.
Currently, the best experiments supporting this hypothesis are based on
high-precision timing of radio pulsars. This chapter reviews recent advances in
the field with a focus on compact binary millisecond pulsars with white-dwarf
(WD) companions. These systems - if modeled properly - provide an unparalleled
test ground for physically motivated alternatives to GR that deviate
significantly in the strong-field regime. Recent improvements in observational
techniques and advances in our understanding of WD interiors have enabled a
series of precise mass measurements in such systems. These masses, combined
with high-precision radio timing of the pulsars, result to stringent
constraints on the radiative properties of gravity, qualitatively very
different from what was available in the past.Comment: Short review chapter to appear in "Gravitational Wave Astrophysics"
  by Springer-Verlag, edited by Carlos F. Sopuerta; v3: a few major corrections
  and updated references. Comments are welcome
Pulsar timing arrays and the challenge of massive black hole binary
  astrophysics

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect gravitational waves (GWs)
at nHz frequencies. The expected dominant signal is given by the superposition
of all waves emitted by the cosmological population of supermassive black hole
(SMBH) binaries. Such superposition creates an incoherent stochastic
background, on top of which particularly bright or nearby sources might be
individually resolved. In this contribution I describe the properties of the
expected GW signal, highlighting its dependence on the overall binary
population, the relation between SMBHs and their hosts, and their coupling with
the stellar and gaseous environment. I describe the status of current PTA
efforts, and prospect of future detection and SMBH binary astrophysics.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the 2014 Sant
  Cugat Forum on Astrophysics. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, ed.
  C.Sopuerta (Berlin: Springer-Verlag
Quasinormal Modes Beyond Kerr

The quasinormal modes (QNMs) of a black hole spacetime are the free, decaying
oscillations of the spacetime, and are well understood in the case of Kerr
black holes. We discuss a method for computing the QNMs of spacetimes which are
slightly deformed from Kerr. We mention two example applications: the
parametric, turbulent instability of scalar fields on a background which
includes a gravitational QNM, and the shifts to the QNM frequencies of Kerr
when the black hole is weakly charged. This method may be of use in studies of
black holes which are deformed by external fields or are solutions to
alternative theories of gravity.Comment: Proceedings of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics (2014). Session
  on 'Gravitational Wave Astrophysics.' 7 page
The scientific potential of space-based gravitational wave detectors

The millihertz gravitational wave band can only be accessed with a
space-based interferometer, but it is one of the richest in potential sources.
Observations in this band have amazing scientific potential. The mergers
between massive black holes with mass in the range 10 thousand to 10 million
solar masses, which are expected to occur following the mergers of their host
galaxies, produce strong millihertz gravitational radiation. Observations of
these systems will trace the hierarchical assembly of structure in the Universe
in a mass range that is very difficult to probe electromagnetically. Stellar
mass compact objects falling into such black holes in the centres of galaxies
generate detectable gravitational radiation for several years prior to the
final plunge and merger with the central black hole. Measurements of these
systems offer an unprecedented opportunity to probe the predictions of general
relativity in the strong-field and dynamical regime. Millihertz gravitational
waves are also generated by millions of ultra-compact binaries in the Milky
Way, providing a new way to probe galactic stellar populations. ESA has
recognised this great scientific potential by selecting The Gravitational
Universe as its theme for the L3 large satellite mission, scheduled for launch
in ~2034. In this article we will review the likely sources for millihertz
gravitational wave detectors and describe the wide applications that
observations of these sources could have for astrophysics, cosmology and
fundamental physics.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, contribution to Gravitational Wave Astrophysics,
  the proceedings of the 2014 Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics; v2 includes one
  additional referenc
Connecting Numerical Relativity and Data Analysis of Gravitational Wave
  Detectors

Gravitational waves deliver information in exquisite detail about
astrophysical phenomena, among them the collision of two black holes, a system
completely invisible to the eyes of electromagnetic telescopes. Models that
predict gravitational wave signals from likely sources are crucial for the
success of this endeavor. Modeling binary black hole sources of gravitational
radiation requires solving the Eintein equations of General Relativity using
powerful computer hardware and sophisticated numerical algorithms. This
proceeding presents where we are in understanding ground-based gravitational
waves resulting from the merger of black holes and the implications of these
sources for the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy.Comment: Appeared in the Proceedings of 2014 Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics.
  Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, ed. C.Sopuerta (Berlin:
  Springer-Verlag
Memory Effect from Spinning Unbound Binaries

We present a recently developed prescription to obtain ready-to-use gravitational wave (GW) polarization states for spinning compact binaries on hyperbolic orbits. We include leading order spin-orbit interactions, invoking 1.5PN-accurate quasi-Keplerian parametrization for the radial part of the orbital dynamics. We also include radiation reaction effects on h + and h × during the interaction. In the GW signals from spinning binaries there is evidence of the memory effect in both polarizations, in contrast to the non-spinning case, where only the cross polarizations exhibits non-vanishing amplitudes at infinite time. We also compute 1PN-accurate GW polarization states for non-spinning compact binaries in unbound orbits in a fully parametric way, and compare them with existing waveforms
The Challenges in Gravitational Wave Astronomy for Space-Based Detectors

The Gravitational Wave (GW) universe contains a wealth of sources which, with
the proper treatment, will open up the universe as never before. By observing
massive black hole binaries to high redshifts, we should begin to explore the
formation process of seed black holes and track galactic evolution to the
present day. Observations of extreme mass ratio inspirals will allow us to
explore galactic centers in the local universe, as well as providing tests of
General Relativity and constraining the value of Hubble's constant. The
detection of compact binaries in our own galaxy may allow us to model stellar
evolution in the Milky Way. Finally, the detection of cosmic (super)strings and
a stochastic background would help us to constrain cosmological models.
However, all of this depends on our ability to not only resolve sources and
carry out parameter estimation, but also on our ability to define an optimal
data analysis strategy. In this presentation, I will examine the challenges
that lie ahead in GW astronomy for the ESA L3 Cosmic Vision mission, eLISA.Comment: 12 pages. Plenary presentation to appear in the Proceedings of the
  Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics, Sant Cugat, April 22-25, 201
Investigating Binary Black Hole Mergers with Principal Component
  Analysis

Despite recent progress in numerical simulations of the coalescence of binary
black hole systems, highly asymmetric spinning systems and the construction of
accurate physical templates remain challenging and computationally expensive.
We explore the feasibility of a prompt and robust test of whether the signals
exhibit evidence for generic features that can educate new simulations. We form
catalogs of numerical relativity waveforms with distinct physical effects and
compute the relative probability that a gravitational wave signal belongs to
each catalog. We introduce an algorithm designed to perform this task for
coalescence signals using principal component analysis of waveform catalogs and
Bayesian model selection and demonstrate its effectiveness.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of 3rd Session of the Sant Cugat
  Forum on Astrophysic
The Emission of Electromagnetic Radiation from Charges Accelerated by
  Gravitational Waves and its Astrophysical Implications

We provide calculations and theoretical arguments supporting the emission of
electromagnetic radiation from charged particles accelerated by gravitational
waves (GWs). These waves have significant indirect evidence to support their
existence, yet they interact weakly with ordinary matter. We show that the
induced oscillations of charged particles interacting with a GW, which lead to
the emission of electromagnetic radiation, will also result in wave
attenuation. These ideas are supported by a small body of literature, as well
as additional arguments for particle acceleration based on GW memory effects.
We derive order of magnitude power calculations for various initial charge
distributions accelerated by GWs. The resulting power emission is extremely
small for all but very strong GWs interacting with large quantities of charge.
If the results here are confirmed and supplemented, significant consequences
such as attenuation of early universe GWs could result. Additionally, this
effect could extend GW detection techniques into the electromagnetic regime.
These explorations are worthy of study to determine the presence of such
radiation, as it is extremely important to refine our theoretical framework in
an era of active GW astrophysics.Comment: Appears in Gravitational Wave Astrophysics, Editor C.F. Sopuerta,
  Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Volume 40. ISBN
  978-3-319-10487-4. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015, p.
  30
Enhancing gravitational wave astronomy with galaxy catalogues

Joint gravitational wave (GW) and electromagnetic (EM) observations, as a key
research direction in multi-messenger astronomy, will provide deep insight into
the astrophysics of a vast range of astronomical phenomena. Uncertainties in
the source sky location estimate from gravitational wave observations mean
follow-up observatories must scan large portions of the sky for a potential
companion signal. A general frame of joint GW-EM observations is presented by a
multi-messenger observational triangle. Using a Bayesian approach to
multi-messenger astronomy, we investigate the use of galaxy catalogue and host
galaxy information to reduce the sky region over which follow-up observatories
must scan, as well as study its use for improving the inclination angle
estimates for coalescing binary compact objects. We demonstrate our method
using a simulated neutron stars inspiral signal injected into simulated
Advanced detectors noise and estimate the injected signal sky location and
inclination angle using the Gravitational Wave Galaxy Catalogue. In this case
study, the top three candidates in rank have $72\%$, $15\%$ and $8\%$ posterior
probability of being the host galaxy, receptively. The standard deviation of
cosine inclination angle (0.001) of the neutron stars binary using
gravitational wave-galaxy information is much smaller than that (0.02) using
only gravitational wave posterior samples.Comment: Proceedings of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics. 2014 Session on
  'Gravitational Wave Astrophysics
Localizing gravitational wave sources with optical telescopes and
  combining electromagnetic and gravitational wave data

Neutron star binaries, which are among the most promising sources for the
direct detection of gravitational waves (GW) by ground based detectors, are
also potential electromagnetic (EM) emitters. Gravitational waves will provide
a new window to observe these events and hopefully give us glimpses of new
astrophysics. In this paper, we discuss how EM information of these events can
considerably improve GW parameter estimation both in terms of accuracy and
computational power requirement. And then in return how GW sky localization can
help EM astronomers in follow-up studies of sources which did not yield any
prompt emission. We discuss how both EM source information and GW source
localization can be used in a framework of multi-messenger astronomy. We
illustrate how the large error regions in GW sky localizations can be handled
in conducting optical astronomy in the advance detector era. We show some
preliminary results in the context of an array of optical telescopes called
BlackGEM, dedicated for optical follow-up of GW triggers, that is being
constructed in La Silla, Chile and is expected to operate concurrent to the
advanced GW detectors.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, Proceeding for Sant Cugat Forum for Astrophysic
Coincidence searches of gravitational waves and short gamma-ray bursts

Black-hole neutron-star coalescing binaries have been invoked as one of the
most suitable scenario to explain the emission of short gamma-ray bursts.
Indeed, if the black-hole which forms after the merger, is surrounded by a
massive disk, neutrino annihilation processes may produce high-energy and
collimated electromagnetic radiation. In this paper, we devise a new procedure,
to be used in the search for gravitational waves from black-hole-neutron-star
binaries, to assign a probability that a detected gravitational signal is
associated to the formation of an accreting disk, massive enough to power
gamma-ray bursts. This method is based on two recently proposed semi-analytic
fits, one reproducing the mass of the remnant disk surrounding the black hole
as a function of some binary parameters, the second relating the neutron star
compactness, with its tidal deformability. Our approach can be used in
low-latency data analysis to restrict the parameter space searching for
gravitational signals associated with short gamma-ray bursts, and to gain
information on the dynamics of the coalescing system and on the neutron star
equation of state.Comment: Proceedings of the Sant Cugat Forum on Astrophysics. 2014 Session on
  'Gravitational Wave Astrophysics