pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Modeling the consequences of regional heterogeneity in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake on transmission in Switzerland

Background
Completed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination by age 16 years among women in Switzerland ranges from 17 to 75% across 26 cantons. The consequences of regional heterogeneity in vaccination coverage on transmission and prevalence of HPV-16 are unclear.

Methods
We developed a deterministic, population-based model that describes HPV-16 transmission among young adults within and between the 26 cantons of Switzerland. We parameterized the model using sexual behavior data from Switzerland and data from the Swiss National Vaccination Coverage Survey. First, we investigated the general consequences of heterogeneity in vaccination uptake between two sub-populations. We then compared the predicted prevalence of HPV-16 resulting from heterogeneous HPV vaccination uptake in all of Switzerland with homogeneous vaccination at an uptake that is identical to the national average (52%).

Results
In our baseline scenario, HPV-16 prevalence in women is 3.34% when vaccination is introduced and begins to diverge across cantons, ranging from 0.19 to 1.20% after 15 years of vaccination. After the same time period, overall prevalence of HPV-16 in Switzerland is only marginally higher (0.63%) with heterogeneous vaccination uptake than with homogeneous uptake (0.59%). Assuming inter-cantonal sexual mixing, cantons with low vaccination uptake benefit from a reduction in prevalence at the expense of cantons with high vaccination uptake.

Conclusions
Regional variations in uptake diminish the overall effect of vaccination on HPV-16 prevalence in Switzerland, but the effect size is small. Cantonal efforts towards HPV-prevalence reduction by increasing vaccination uptake are impaired by cantons with low vaccination uptake. Although the expected impact on national prevalence would be relatively small, harmonization of cantonal vaccination programs would reduce inter-cantonal differences in HPV-16 prevalence
Developing Grey-Box Dynamic Process Models

Producción CientíficaThis paper presents a methodology for developing grey models of process systems, that is, models that, being based on fundamental principles and laws of nature, combine them with sub-models obtained from experimental data. The method follows two steps: the first one takes advantage of what is known, while the second uses the data and mixed-integer optimization algorithms to identify the structure and parameters of the remaining parts of the model. The method is illustrated in a challenging biotechnological process: the Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) fermentation process.MINECO/FEDER Grant DPI2015-70975 (INOPTCON)EU H2020-SPIRE Grant Agreement nº 723575 (CoPro)6 p
Refined Nomic Truth Approximation by Revising Models and Postulates

Assuming that the target of theory oriented empirical science in general and of nomic truth approximation in particular is to characterize the boundary or demarcation between nomic possibilities and nomic impossibilities, I have presented, in my article entitled “Models, postulates, and generalized nomic truth approximation” (Kuipers, 2016), the ‘basic’ version of generalized nomic truth approximation, starting from ‘two-sided’ theories. Its main claim is that nomic truth approximation can perfectly be achieved by combining two prima facie opposing views on theories: (1) the traditional (Popperian) view: theories are (models of) postulates that exclude certain possibilities from being realizable, enabling explanation and prediction and (2) the model view: theories are sets of models that claim to (approximately) represent certain realizable possibilities. Nomic truth approximation, i.e. increasing truth-content and decreasing falsity-content, becomes in this way revising theories by revising their models and/or their postulates in the face of increasing evidence. \ud
The basic version of generalized nomic truth approximation is in many respects as simple as possible. Among other things, it does not take into account that one conceptual possibility may be more similar (or closer) to another than a third one (is to that other). However, for example, one theory may include a possibility that is more similar to a wrongly not included possibility than another theory can offer. Similarly, for wrongly not excluded possibilities. In this article it will be shown that such ‘refined’ considerations can be taken into account by adapted clauses based on a ternary similarity relation between possibilities (structures). This allows again abductive conclusions about refined truth approximation if a theory is persistently more successful in the refined sense than another.\ud
It will also be indicated and illustrated that this refined approach enables a specification to the effect that refined truth approximation can be obtained by the method of idealization and subsequent concretization. Finally, the basic and the refined approach will be evaluated with regard to some general principles and objections that have been discussed in the literature
Potential of utilizing asphalt dust waste as filler material in the production of sustainable Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)

Waste materials from many industries are widely used in the production of sustainable green concrete. Utilizing
asphalt dust waste (ADW) as a filler material in the development of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is one of the alternative
solutions for reducing environmental waste. SCC is an innovative concrete that does not require vibration for placing and
compaction. However, there is limited information on the effects of utilizing ADW in the development of SCC. Therefore,
this research study examines the effects of various w/b ratios (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and differing amounts of ADW (0% to
50%) on the rheological properties of fresh state concrete. The compressive strength of the SCC was tested only for 7 and
28 days as preliminary studies. The results revealed that mixtures MD730, MD740 and MD750 showed satisfactory results
for the slump flow, J-Ring, L-Box and V-Funnel test during the fresh state. The compressive strength values obtained after
28 days for MD730, MD740 and MD750 were 35.1 MPa, 36.8 MPa and 29.4 MPa respectively. In conclusion, the distribution
of materials in mixtures has significant effect in achieving rheological properties and compressive strength of SCC
Towards the development of a novel experimental shoulder simulator with rotating scapula and individually controlled muscle forces simulating the rotator cuff

erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (www.nationallizenzen.ch)
Corresponding author (ZHAW affiliated): Daniel BaumgartnerA preclinical analysis of novel implants used in shoulder surgery requires biomechanical testing conditions close to physiology. Existing shoulder experiments may only partially apply multiple cycles to simulate postoperative, repetitive loading tasks. The aim of the present study was therefore the development of an experimental shoulder simulator with rotating scapula able to perform multiple humeral movement cycles by simulating individual muscles attached to the rotator cuff. A free-hanging, metallic humerus pivoted in a polyethylene glenoid is activated by tension forces of linear electroactuators to simulate muscles of the deltoideus (DELT), supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus/teres minor and subscapularis. The abductors DELT and SSP apply forces with a ratio of 3:1 up to an abduction angle of 85°. The rotating scapular part driven by a rotative electro actuator provides one-third to the overall arm abduction. Resulting joint forces and moments are measured by a 6-axis load cell. A linear increase in the DELT and SSP motors is shown up to a maximum of 150 and 50 N for the DELT and SSP, respectively. The force vector in the glenoid resulted in 253 N at the maximum abduction. The present investigation shows the contribution of individual muscle forces attached to the moving humerus to perform active abduction in order to reproducibly test shoulder implants
On soil-structure interaction in large non-slender partially buried structures

This paper addresses the seismic analysis of a deeply embedded non-slender structure hosting the pumping unit of a reservoir. The dynamic response in this type of problems is usually studied under the assumption of a perfectly rigid structure using a sub-structuring procedure (three-step solution) proposed specifically for this hypothesis. Such an approach enables a relatively simple assessment of the importance of some key factors influencing the structural response. In this work, the problem is also solved in a single step using a direct approach in which the structure and surrounding soil are modelled as a coupled system with its actual geometry and flexibility. Results indicate that, quite surprisingly, there are significant differences among prediction using both methods. Furthermore, neglecting the flexibility of the structure leads to a significant underestimation of the spectral accelerations at certain points of the structure
Structural analysis of dextran-based hydrogels obtained chemoenzymatically

This work reports the results of structural analysis in novel dextran-acrylate (dexT70-VA) hydrogels generated chemoenzymatically. Porous structure as well as hydrogel surface and interior morphologies were evaluated by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nitrogen adsorption (NA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, as a function of the degree of substitution (DS), and initial water content used in the preparation of the hydrogel. MIP analysis showed that the overall networks were clearly macroporous with pore sizes ranging from 0.065 to 10 mum. As expected, the average pore size decreased as DS increased and as initial water content decreased. Moreover, the porosity values ranged from 75 up 90%, which shows that these hydrogels present an interconnected pore structure. Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the specific surface area of dexT70-VA hydrogels increased either by increasing the DS or by decreasing the initial water content of the hydrogel. SEM results revealed that the surface of hydrogels with lower DS presented either a porous structure or a polymeric ldquoskinrdquo covering the pores, whereas hydrogels with higher DS were totally porous. Furthermore, the interior morphology varied according to the DS and the initial water content of the hydrogels. Finally, the average pore size was also determined from the swelling of hydrogel using a theoretical model developed by Flory-Rehner. The comparison of the SEM and MIP results with the ones obtained by the equilibrium swelling theory of Flory-Rehner shows that this approach highly underestimates the average pore size. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.3039
Møller-Plesset perturbation energies and distances for HeC20extrapolated to the complete basis set limit

The potential energy surface for the C20-He interaction is extrapolated for three representative cuts to the complete basis set limit using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation calculations with correlation consistent basis sets up to the doubly augmented variety. The results both with and without counterpoise correction show consistency with each other, supporting that extrapolation without such a correction provides a reliable scheme to elude the basis-set-superposition error. Converged attributes are obtained for the C20- He interaction, which are used to predict the fullerene dimer ones. Time requirements show that the method can be drastically more economical than the counterpoise procedure and even competitive with Kohn-Sham density functional theory for the title system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.2106
A Complementarity-based Partitioning and Disjunctive Cut Algorithm for Mathematical Programming Problems with Equilibrium Constraints

Abstract  In this paper a branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed for finding a global minimum to a Mathematical Programming Problem with Complementarity (or Equilibrium) Constraints (MPECs), which incorporates disjunctive cuts for computing lower bounds and employs a Complementarity Active-Set Algorithm for computing upper bounds. Computational results for solving MPECs associated with Bilivel Problems, NP-hard Linear Complementarity Problems, and Hinge Fitting Problems are presented to highlight the efficacy of the procedure in determining a global minimum for different classes of MPECs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-006-9001-
Gravitational Effects on the Neutrino Oscillation

The propagation of neutrinos in a gravitational field is studied. A method of calculating a covariant quantum-mechanical phase in a curved space-time is presented. The result is used to calculate gravitational effects on the neutrino oscillation in the presence of a gravitational field. We restrict our discussion to the case of the Schwartzschild metric. Specifically, the cases of the radial propagation and the non-radial propagation are considered. A possible application to gravitational lensing of neutrinos is also suggested
University research scientists as knowledge workers: \ud
contract status and employment opportunities

University research scientists epitomise knowledge workers who are positioned to avail of the employment conditions associated with ‘boundaryless careers’. Yet while employment flexibility has been hailed as a positive feature of knowledge work, relatively little is known about the forms such flexibility may take or its impact. This article considers the factors shaping the employment conditions of 40 research scientists working in five university research centres in Ireland. The findings suggest that, for knowledge workers such as research scientists, contract employment can deny\ud
them access to many of the employment conditions and opportunities that govern their long-term success as researchers
Mutations in the gene encoding IFT dynein complex component WDR34 cause jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy

Bidirectional (anterograde and retrograde) motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT) governs cargo transport and delivery processes that are essential for primary cilia growth and maintenance and for hedgehog signaling functions. The IFT dynein-2 motor complex that regulates ciliary retrograde protein transport contains a heavy chain dynein ATPase/motor subunit, DYNC2H1, along with other less well functionally defined subunits. Deficiency of IFT proteins, including DYNC2H1, underlies a spectrum of skeletal ciliopathies. Here, by using exome sequencing and a targeted next-generation sequencing panel, we identified a total of 11 mutations in WDR34 in 9 families with the clinical diagnosis of Jeune syndrome (asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy). WDR34 encodes a WD40 repeat-containing protein orthologous to Chlamydomonas FAP133, a dynein intermediate chain associated with the retrograde intraflagellar transport motor. Three-dimensional protein modeling suggests that the identified mutations all affect residues critical for WDR34 protein-protein interactions. We find that WDR34 concentrates around the centrioles and basal bodies in mammalian cells, also showing axonemal staining. WDR34 coimmunoprecipitates with the dynein-1 light chain DYNLL1 in vitro, and mining of proteomics data suggests that WDR34 could represent a previously unrecognized link between the cytoplasmic dynein-1 and IFT dynein-2 motors. Together, these data show that WDR34 is critical for ciliary functions essential to normal development and survival, most probably as a previously unrecognized component of the mammalian dynein-IFT machinery
Explanation of the ATLAS Z-peaked excess in the NMSSM

Recently the ATLAS collaboration reported a 3σ excess in the leptonic- Z + jets + E T miss channel. This may be interpreted in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) by gluino pair production with the decay chain g ˜ → q q ¯ χ ˜ 2 0 → q q ¯ Z χ ˜ 1 0 $$ \tilde{g}\to q\overline{q}{\tilde{\chi}}_2^0\to q\overline{q}Z{\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 $$ , where χ ˜ 1 0 $$ {\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 $$ and χ ˜ 2 0 $$ {\tilde{\chi}}_2^0 $$ denote the lightest and the next-to-lightest neutralinos with singlino and bino as their dominant components respectively. After exploring the relevant parameter space of the NMSSM by considering the constraints from the ATLAS searches for jets + E T miss signals, we conclude that the NMSSM is able to explain the excess at 1 σ level with the number of the signal events reaching its measured central value in optimal cases, and the best explanation comes from a compressed spectrum such as m g ˜ ≃ 650 $$ {m}_{\tilde{g}}\simeq 650 $$ GeV, m χ ˜ 2 0 ≃ 565 $$ {m}_{{\tilde{\chi}}_2^0}\simeq 565 $$ and m χ ˜ 1 0 ≃ 465 $$ {m}_{{\tilde{\chi}}_1^0}\simeq 465 $$ GeV. We also check the consistency of the ATLAS results with the null result of the CMS on- Z search. We find that under the CMS limits at 95% C.L., the event number of the ATLAS on- Z signal can still reach 11 in our scenario, which is about 1 . 2 σ away from the measured central value
Acid catalyzed alkylation of phenols with cyclohexene: Comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, influence of cyclohexyl phenyl ether equilibrium and of the substituent on reaction rate and selectivity

The reactivity of several phenols towards liquid phase alkylation with cyclohexene in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous acid catalyst at 358 K is studied. The comparison
between Amberlyst 15 and CH3SO3H, as examples of heterogeneous and homogeneous systems, shows
a higher activity of the former with different behavior of selectivity between the two systems, anyway,
in both systems O-alkylation and ring alkylations occur. A remarkable difference in the selectivity of
the ring alkylation between heterogeneous and homogeneous systems is observed: Amberlyst 15 shows a constant ortho/para ratio close to 2, while in the presence of CH3SO3H ortho/para is variable from 3 to 5, suggesting an involvement of the cyclohexyl phenyl ether rearrangement. This is proved
also by a direct relationship between the ortho/para ratio and the concentration of the cyclohexyl phenyl ether when CH3SO3H is used as a catalyst. The formation of cyclohexyl aril ethers is reversible; on the contrary, ring alkylation appears irreversible. The reactivity of the dimethylphenols shows a
strong influence of the steric hindrance of the substituent on the electrophilic attack of the cyclohexyl cation, which is poorly influenced by the inductive effect of the methyl group
The inaccuracy of national character stereotypes

Consensual stereotypes of some groups are relatively accurate, whereas others are not. Previous work suggesting that national character stereotypes are inaccurate has been criticized on several grounds. In this article we (a) provide arguments for the validity of assessed national mean trait levels as criteria for evaluating stereotype accuracy and (b) report new data on national character in 26 cultures from descriptions (N = 3323) of the typical male or female adolescent, adult, or old person in each. The average ratings were internally consistent and converged with independent stereotypes of the typical culture member, but were weakly related to objective assessments of personality. We argue that this conclusion is consistent with the broader literature on the inaccuracy of national character stereotypes
The psychiatrization of the opponent in polemical context

International audienceA variant of the ad hominem argument amounts to challenging the opponent’s mental health. Semi-technical designations borrowed from psychiatric paradigms (such as autistic, paranoiac, hysterical) are thus appealed to in order to qualify the opponent. Based on three examples from polemical discussions on political issues, we investigate what kind of behaviour triggers such accusations, how they are justified, and how they are handled by the speaker to whom they are addressed.Etude de l'utilisation de mots issus du vocabulaire de la psychiatrie ("parano", "hystérique", "autiste") dans le discours politique à des fins de discréditation de l'adversaire
An extension of Davis and Lo's contagion model

International audienceThe present paper provides a multi-period contagion model in the credit risk field. Our model is an extension of Davis and Lo's infectious default model. We consider an economy of n firms which may default directly or may be infected by other defaulting firms (a domino effect being also possible). The spontaneous default without external influence and the infections are described by not necessarily independent Bernoulli-type random variables. Moreover, several contaminations could be required to infect another firm. In this paper we compute the probability distribution function of the total number of defaults in a dependency context. We also give a simple recursive algorithm to compute this distribution in an exchangeability context. Numerical applications illustrate the impact of exchangeability among direct defaults and among contaminations, on different indicators calculated from the law of the total number of defaults. We then examine the calibration of the model on iTraxx data before and during the crisis. The dynamic feature together with the contagion effect seem to have a significant impact on the model performance, especially during the recent distressed period
Component-based Verification using Incremental design and Invariants

International audienceWe propose invariant-based techniques for the efficient verification of safety and deadlock-freedom properties of component-based systems. Components and their interactions are described in the BIP language. Global invariants of composite components are obtained by combining local invariants of their constituent components with interaction invariants that take interactions into account.We study new techniques for computing interaction invariants. Some of these techniques are incremental, i.e., interaction invariants of a composite hierarchically structured component are computed by reusing invariants of its constituents. We formalize incremental construction of components in the BIP language as the process of building progressively complex components by adding interactions (synchronization constraints) to atomic components. We provide sufficient conditions ensuring preservation of invariants when new interactions are added. When these conditions are not satisfied, we propose methods for generating new invariants in an incremental manner by reusing existing invariants from the constituents in the incremental construction. The reuse of existing invariants reduces considerably the overall verification effort.The techniques have been implemented in the D-Finder toolset. Among the experiments conducted, we have been capable of verifying safety properties and deadlock-freedom of sub-systems of the functional level of the DALA autonomous robot. This work goes far beyond the capacity of existing monolithic verification tools