pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic symmetries of gravity and soft theorems for massive particles

The existing equivalence between (generalized) BMS Ward identities with
leading and subleading soft graviton theorems is extended to the case where the
scattering particles are massive scalars. By extending the action of
generalized BMS group off null infinity at late times, we show that there is a
natural action of such group not only on the radiative data at null infinity
but also on the scattering data of the massive scalar field. This leads to a
formulation of Ward identities associated to the generalized BMS group when the
scattering states are massive scalars or massless gravitons and we show that
these Ward identities are equivalent to the leading and subleading soft
graviton theorems.Comment: 30 page
Quantum information erasure inside black holes

An effective field theory for infalling observers in the vicinity of a
quasi-static black hole is given in terms of a freely falling lattice
discretization. The lattice model successfully reproduces the thermal spectrum
of outgoing Hawking radiation, as was shown by Corley and Jacobson, but can
also be used to model observations made by a typical low-energy observer who
enters the black hole in free fall at a prescribed time. The explicit short
distance cutoff ensures that, from the viewpoint of the infalling observer, any
quantum information that entered the black hole more than a scrambling time
earlier has been erased by the black hole singularity. This property, combined
with the requirement that outside observers need at least of order the
scrambling time to extract quantum information from the black hole, ensures
that a typical infalling observer does not encounter drama upon crossing the
black hole horizon in a theory where black hole information is preserved for
asymptotic observers.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, some minor correction
Hilbert space structure in quantum gravity: an algebraic perspective

If quantum gravity respects the principles of quantum mechanics, suitably
generalized, it may be that a more viable approach to the theory is through
identifying the relevant quantum structures rather than by quantizing classical
spacetime. This viewpoint is supported by difficulties of such quantization,
and by the apparent lack of a fundamental role for locality. In finite or
discrete quantum systems, important structure is provided by tensor
factorizations of the Hilbert space. However, even in local quantum field
theory properties of the generic type III von Neumann algebras and of long
range gauge fields indicate that factorization of the Hilbert space is
problematic. Instead it is better to focus on the structure of the algebra of
observables, and in particular on its subalgebras corresponding to regions.
This paper suggests that study of analogous algebraic structure in gravity
gives an important perspective on the nature of the quantum theory. Significant
departures from the subalgebra structure of local quantum field theory are
found, working in the correspondence limit of long-distances/low-energies.
Particularly, there are obstacles to identifying commuting algebras of
localized operators. In addition to suggesting important properties of the
algebraic structure, this and related observations pose challenges to proposals
of a fundamental role for entanglement.Comment: 24 pages, harvmac. v2: added ref
Generalized Gravitational Entropy from Total Derivative Action

We investigate the generalized gravitational entropy from total derivative
terms in the gravitational action. Following the method of Lewkowycz and
Maldacena, we find that the generalized gravitational entropy from total
derivatives vanishes. We compare our results with the work of Astaneh,
Patrushev, and Solodukhin. We find that if total derivatives produced nonzero
entropy, the holographic and the field-theoretic universal terms of
entanglement entropy would not match. Furthermore, the second law of
thermodynamics could be violated if the entropy of total derivatives did not
vanish.Comment: 24 pages; v2: added references, Sec. 5.2 for corner entanglement, a
  toy model in Sec. 5.3, and minor corrections; v3: added one reference,
  published versio
Quarkonium at finite temperature: Towards realistic phenomenology from
  first principles

We present the finite temperature spectra of both bottomonium and charmonium,
obtained from a consistent lattice QCD based potential picture. Starting point
is the complex in-medium potential extracted on full QCD lattices with
dynamical u,d and s quarks, generated by the HotQCD collaboration. Using the
generalized Gauss law approach, vetted in a previous study on quenched QCD, we
fit ${\rm Re}[V]$ with a single temperature dependent parameter $m_D$, the
Debye screening mass, and confirm the up to now tentative values of ${\rm
Im}[V]$. The obtained analytic expression for the complex potential allows us
to compute quarkonium spectral functions by solving an appropriate
Schr\"odinger equation. These spectra exhibit thermal widths, which are free
from the resolution artifacts that plague direct reconstructions from Euclidean
correlators using Bayesian methods. In the present adiabatic setting, we find
clear evidence for sequential melting and derive melting temperatures for the
different bound states. Quarkonium is gradually weakened by both screening
(${\rm Re}[V]$) and scattering (${\rm Im}[V]$) effects that in combination lead
to a shift of their in-medium spectral features to smaller frequencies,
contrary to the mass gain of elementary particles at finite temperature.Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures (added figures and supplementary discussion,
  submitted to JHEP
Infrared divergences and harmonic anomalies in the two-loop superstring
  effective action

We analyze the pertubative contributions to the $D^4 R^4$ and $D^6 R^4$
couplings in the low-energy effective action of type II string theory
compactified on a torus $T^d$, with particular emphasis on two-loop
corrections. In general, it is necessary to introduce an infrared cut-off
$\Lambda$ to separate local interactions from non-local effects due to the
exchange of massless states. We identify the degenerations of the genus-two
Riemann surface which are responsible for power-like dependence on $\Lambda$,
and give an explicit prescription for extracting the $\Lambda$-independent
effective couplings. These renormalized couplings are then shown to be
eigenmodes of the Laplace operator with respect to the torus moduli, up to
computable anomalous source terms arising in the presence of logarithmic
divergences, in precise agreement with predictions from U-duality. Our results
for the two-loop $D^6 R^4$ contribution also probe essential properties of the
Kawazumi-Zhang invariantComment: 23 page
The Yang-Mills gradient flow and SU(3) gauge theory with 12 massless
  fundamental fermions in a colour-twisted box

We perform the step-scaling investigation of the running coupling constant,
using the gradient-flow scheme, in SU(3) gauge theory with twelve massless
fermions in the fundamental representation. The Wilson plaquette gauge action
and massless unimproved staggered fermions are used in the simulations. Our
lattice data are prepared at high accuracy, such that the statistical error for
the renormalised coupling, g_GF, is at the subpercentage level. To investigate
the reliability of the continuum extrapolation, we employ two different lattice
discretisations to obtain g_GF. For our simulation setting, the corresponding
gauge-field averaging radius in the gradient flow has to be almost half of the
lattice size, in order to have this extrapolation under control. We can
determine the renormalisation group evolution of the coupling up to g^2_GF ~ 6,
before the onset of the bulk phase structure. In this infrared regime, the
running of the coupling is significantly slower than the two-loop perturbative
prediction, although we cannot draw definite conclusion regarding possible
infrared conformality of this theory. Furthermore, we comment on the issue
regarding the continuum extrapolation near an infrared fixed point. In addition
to adopting the fit ansatz a'la Symanzik for performing this task, we discuss a
possible alternative procedure inspired by properties derived from low-energy
scale invariance at strong coupling. Based on this procedure, we propose a
finite-size scaling method for the renormalised coupling as a means to search
for infrared fixed point. Using this method, it can be shown that the behaviour
of the theory around g^2_GF ~ 6 is still not governed by possible infrared
conformality.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures; Published version; Appendix A added for
  tabulating data; One reference included; Typos correcte
T-Duality of Green-Schwarz Superstrings on AdS(d) x S(d) x M(10-2d)

We verify the self-duality of Green-Schwarz supercoset sigma models on AdS$_d
\times S^d $ backgrounds (d=2,3,5) under combined bosonic and fermionic
T-dualities without gauge fixing kappa symmetry. We also prove this property
for superstrings on AdS$_d \times S^d \times S^d$ (d=2,3) described by
supercoset sigma models with the isometries governed by the exceptional Lie
supergroups $D(2,1;\alpha)$ (d=2) and $D(2,1;\alpha)\times D(2,1;\alpha)$
(d=3), which requires an additional T-dualisation along one of the spheres.
Then, by taking into account the contribution of non-supercoset fermionic modes
(up to the second order), we provide evidence for the T-self-duality of the
complete type IIA and IIB Green-Schwarz superstring theory on AdS$_d\times S^d
\times T^{10-2d}$ (d=2,3) backgrounds with Ramond-Ramond fluxes. Finally,
applying the Buscher-like rules to T-dualising supergravity fields, we prove
the T-self-duality of the whole class of the AdS$_d\times S^d \times M^{10-2d}$
superbackgrounds with Ramond-Ramond fluxes in the context of supergravity.Comment: v2: 57 pages, 1 figure, typos fixed and clarifications added, version
  to appear in JHE
BRST Analysis of the Supersymmetric Higher Spin Field Models

We develop the BRST approach for all massless integer and half-integer higher
spins in 4D Minkowski space, using the two component spinor nota- tion and
develop the Lagrangian formulation for supersymmetric higher spin models. It is
shown that the problem of second class constraints disappears and the BRST
procedure becomes much more simple than in tensorial nota- tion. Furthermore,
we demonstrate that the BRST procedure automatically provides extra auxiliary
components that belong in the set of supersymmetry auxiliary components.
Finally, we demonstrate how supersymmetry transfo- rmations are realized in
such an approach. As a result, we conclude that the BRST approach to higher
spin supersymmetric theories allows to derive both the Lagrangian and the
supersymmetry transformations. Although most part of the work is devoted to
massless component supersymmetric models, we also discuss generalization for
massive component supersymmetric models and for superfield models
Weak Gravity Strongly Constrains Large-Field Axion Inflation

Models of large-field inflation based on axion-like fields with shift
symmetries can be simple and natural, and make a promising prediction of
detectable primordial gravitational waves. The Weak Gravity Conjecture is known
to constrain the simplest case in which a single compact axion descends from a
gauge field in an extra dimension. We argue that the Weak Gravity Conjecture
also constrains a variety of theories of multiple compact axions including
N-flation and some alignment models. We show that other alignment models entail
surprising consequences for how the mass spectrum of the theory varies across
the axion moduli space, and hence can be excluded if further conjectures hold.
In every case that we consider, plausible assumptions lead to field ranges that
cannot be parametrically larger than the Planck scale. Our results are strongly
suggestive of a general inconsistency in models of large-field inflation based
on compact axions, and possibly of a more general principle forbidding
super-Planckian field ranges.Comment: v2: 40 pages, 3 figures. Appendix added, references added, details
  modified in light of subsequent work on KK photon
One loop partition function in AdS_3/CFT_2

The 1-loop partition function of the handle-body solutions in the AdS$_3$
gravity have been derived some years ago using the heat-kernel and the method
of images. In the semiclassical limit, such partition function should
correspond to the order $O (c^0)$ part in the partition function of dual
conformal field theory on the boundary Riemann surface. The higher genus
partition function could be computed by the multi-point functions in the
Riemann sphere via sewing prescription. In the large central charge limit, to
the leading order of $c$, the multi-point function is further simplified to be
a summation over the product of two-point functions, which may form links. Each
link is in one-to-one correspondence with the conjugacy class of the Schottky
group of the Riemann surface. Moreover, the value of a link is determined by
the eigenvalue of the element in the conjugate class. This allows us to
reproduce exactly the gravitational 1-loop partition function. The proof can be
generalized to the higher spin gravity and its dual CFT.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures; typos corrected, more clarifications, references
  and acknowledgements adde
2d Partition Function in Omega-background and Vortex/Instanton
  Correspondence

We derive the exact vortex partition function in 2d $\mathcal{N}$ = (2,2)
gauge theory on the Omega-background, applying the localization scheme in the
Higgs phase. We show that the partition function at a finite Omega-deformation
parameter $\epsilon$ satisfies a system of differential equations, which can be
interpreted as a quantized version of the twisted F-term equations
characterizing the SUSY vacua. Using the differential equations derived in this
paper, we show the correspondence between the partition function of the
two-dimensional vortex string worldsheet theory and the Nekrasov partition
function at the root of Higgs branch of the four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}$ = 2
theory with two Omega-deformation parameters $(\epsilon_1,\epsilon_2)$.Comment: 1+45 pages, 7 figures; typos corrected, references adde
AdS4 black holes from M-theory

We consider the BPS conditions of eleven dimensional supergravity, restricted
to an appropriate ansatz for black holes in four non-compact directions.
Assuming the internal directions to be described by a circle fibration over a
K\"ahler manifold and considering the case where the complex structure moduli
are frozen, we recast the resulting flow equations in terms of polyforms on
this manifold. The result is a set of equations that are in direct
correspondence with those of gauged supergravity models in four dimensions
consistent with our simplifying assumptions. In view of this correspondence
even for internal manifolds that do not correspond to known consistent
truncations, we comment on the possibility of obtaining gauged supergravities
from reductions on K\"ahler manifolds.Comment: 32 pages, v2: references addes, typos correcte
Conformal anomalies of CFT's with boundaries

The trace anomaly of conformal field theories in four dimensions is
characterized by '$a$' and '$c$'-functions. The scaling properties of the
effective action of a CFT in the presence of boundaries is shown to be
determined by $a$, $c$ and two new functions (charges) related to boundary
effects. The boundary charges are computed for different theories and different
boundary conditions. One of the boundary charges depends on the bulk $c$
charge.Comment: 9 pages, no figures, misprints in Table 1 and typos corrected, new
  references added, a possible relation between boundary and bulk charges is
  pointed ou
Fusion of conformal interfaces and bulk induced boundary RG flows

We consider the basic radius changing conformal interface for a free compact
boson. After investigating different theoretical aspects of this object we
focus on the fusion of this interface with conformal boundary conditions. At
fractions of the self-dual radius there exist exceptional D-branes. It was
argued in [1] that changing the radius in the bulk induces a boundary RG flow.
Following [2] we conjecture that fusing the basic radius changing interface
(that changes the radius from a fraction of the self-dual radius) with the
exceptional boundary conditions gives the boundary condition which is the end
point of the RG flow considered in [1]. By studying the fusion singularities we
recover RG logarithms and see, in particular instances, how they get resummed
into power singularities. We discuss what quantities need to be calculated to
gain full non-perturbative control over the fusion.Comment: 31 page, 3 figure
One-loop stabilization of the fuzzy four-sphere via softly broken SUSY

We describe a stabilization mechanism for fuzzy $S^4_N$ in the Euclidean IIB
matrix model due to vacuum energy in the presence of a positive mass term. The
one-loop effective potential for the radius contains an attractive contribution
attributed to supergravity, while the mass term induces a repulsive
contribution for small radius due to SUSY breaking. This leads to a
stabilization of the radius. The mechanism should be pertinent to recent
results on the genesis of 3+1-dimensional space-time in the Minkowskian IIB
model.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. V2: typos fixed, improved discussion, published
  version. V3,V4: reference adde
Holographic thermalization in a top-down confining model

It is interesting to ask how a confinement scale affects the thermalization
of strongly coupled gauge theories with gravity duals. We study this question
for the AdS soliton model, which underlies top-down holographic models for
Yang-Mills theory and QCD. Injecting energy via a homogeneous massless scalar
source that is briefly turned on, our fully backreacted numerical analysis
finds two regimes. Either a black brane forms, possibly after one or more
bounces, after which the pressure components relax according to the lowest
quasinormal mode. Or the scalar shell keeps scattering, in which case the
pressure components oscillate and undergo modulation on time scales independent
of the (small) shell amplitude. We show analytically that the scattering shell
cannot relax to a homogeneous equilibrium state, and explain the modulation as
due to a near-resonance between a normal mode frequency of the metric and the
frequency with which the scalar shell oscillates.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures; v2: Figure and further discussion added in
  Section
The effective action of warped M-theory reductions with
  higher-derivative terms - Part II

We study the three-dimensional effective action obtained by reducing
eleven-dimensional supergravity with higher-derivative terms on a background
solution including a warp-factor, an eight-dimensional compact manifold, and
fluxes. The dynamical fields are K\"ahler deformations and vectors from the
M-theory three-form. We show that the potential is only induced by fluxes and
the naive contributions obtained from higher-curvature terms on a Calabi-Yau
background vanish once the back-reaction to the full solution is taken into
account. For the resulting three-dimensional action we analyse the K\"ahler
potential and complex coordinates and show compatibility with N=2
supersymmetry. We argue that the higher-order result is also compatible with a
no-scale condition. We find that the complex coordinates should be formulated
as divisor integrals for which a non-trivial interplay between the warp-factor
terms and the higher-curvature terms allow a derivation of the moduli space
metric. This leads us to discuss higher-derivative corrections to the M5-brane
action.Comment: 26 page
Construction and Deconstruction of Single Instanton Hilbert Series

Many methods exist for the construction of the Hilbert series describing the
moduli spaces of instantons. We explore some of the underlying group theoretic
relationships between these various constructions, including those based on the
Coulomb branches and Higgs branches of SUSY quiver gauge theories, as well as
those based on generating functions derivable from the Weyl Character Formula.
We show how the character description of the reduced single instanton moduli
space of any Classical or Exceptional group can be deconstructed faithfully in
terms of characters or modified Hall-Littlewood polynomials of its regular
semi-simple subgroups. We derive and utilise Highest Weight Generating
functions, both for the characters of Classical or Exceptional groups and for
the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of unitary groups. We illustrate how the root
space data encoded in extended Dynkin diagrams corresponds to relationships
between the Coulomb branches of quiver gauge theories for instanton moduli
spaces and those for T(SU(N)) moduli spaces.Comment: 97 pages, 12 figure
Minkowski 3-forms, Flux String Vacua, Axion Stability and Naturalness

We discuss the role of Minkowski 3-forms in flux string vacua. In these vacua
all internal closed string fluxes are in one to one correspondence with
quantized Minkowski 4-forms. By performing a dimensional reduction of the
$D=10$ Type II supergravity actions we find that the 4-forms act as auxiliary
fields of the Kahler and complex structure moduli in the effective action. We
show that all the RR and NS axion dependence of the flux scalar potential
appears through the said 4-forms. Gauge invariance of these forms then severely
restricts the structure of the axion scalar potentials. Combined with duality
symmetries it suggests that all perturbative corrections to the leading axion
scalar potential $V_0$ should appear as an expansion in powers of $V_0$ itself.
These facts could have an important effect e.g. on the inflaton models based on
F-term axion monodromy. We also suggest that the involved multi-branched
structure of string vacua provides for a new way to maintain interacting scalar
masses stable against perturbative corrections.Comment: 39 pages. Typos corrected and added reference
The Coannihilation Codex

We present a general classification of simplified models that lead to dark
matter (DM) coannihilation processes of the form DM + X $\rightarrow$ SM$_1$ +
SM$_2$, where X is a coannihilation partner for the DM particle and SM$_1$,
SM$_2$ are Standard Model fields. Our classification also encompasses regular
DM pair annihilation scenarios if DM and X are identical. Each coannhilation
scenario motivates the introduction of a mediating particle M that can either
belong to the Standard Model or be a new field, whereby the resulting
interactions between the dark sector and the Standard Model are realized as
tree-level and dimension-four couplings. We construct a basis of coannihilation
models, classified by the $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ quantum numbers
of DM, X and M. Our main assumptions are that dark matter is an electrically
neutral color singlet and that all new particles are either scalars, Dirac or
Majorana fermions, or vectors. We illustrate how new scenarios arising from
electroweak symmetry breaking effects can be connected to our electroweak
symmetric simplified models. We offer a comprehensive discussion of the
phenomenological features of our models, encompassing the physics of thermal
freeze-out, direct and indirect detection constraints, and in particular
searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Many novel signatures that are not
covered in current LHC searches are emphasized, and new and improved LHC
analyses tackling these signatures are proposed. We discuss how the
coannihilation simplified models can be used to connect results from all
classes of experiments in a straightforward and transparent way. This point is
illustrated with a detailed discussion of the phenomenology of a particular
simplified model featuring leptoquark-mediated dark matter coannihilation.Comment: 91 pages, 27 figures, 15 tables; v2, references added, matches
  published versio