pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
RoboTAP - target priorities for robotic microlensing observations

Context. The ability to automatically select scientifically-important
transient events from an alert stream of many such events, and to conduct
follow-up observations in response, will become increasingly important in
astronomy. With wide-angle time domain surveys pushing to fainter limiting
magnitudes, the capability to follow-up on transient alerts far exceeds our
follow-up telescope resources, and effective target prioritization becomes
essential. The RoboNet-II microlensing program is a pathfinder project which
has developed an automated target selection process (RoboTAP) for gravitational
microlensing events which are observed in real-time using the Las Cumbres
Observatory telescope network. Aims. Follow-up telescopes typically have a much
smaller field-of-view compared to surveys, therefore the most promising
microlens- ing events must be automatically selected at any given time from an
annual sample exceeding 2000 events. The main challenge is to select between
events with a high planet detection sensitivity, aiming at the detection of
many planets and characterizing planetary anomalies. Methods. Our target
selection algorithm is a hybrid system based on estimates of the planet
detection zones around a microlens. It follows automatic anomaly alerts and
respects the expected survey coverage of specific events. Results. We introduce
the RoboTAP algorithm, whose purpose is to select and prioritize microlensing
events with high sensitivity to planetary companions. In this work, we
determine the planet sensitivity of the RoboNet follow-up program and provide a
working example of how a broker can be designed for a real-life transient
science program conducting follow-up observations in response to alerts,
exploring the issues that will confront similar programs being developed for
the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and other time domain surveys.Comment: 13 pages, 14 figure
Strychnine-8-Ammonio-2-naphthalenesulfonate-water (1/1/3.5): The First Structure of a Strychnine Compound with a Zwitterionic Species

The crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct hydrate of strychnine with 1,7-Cleve’s acid (8-amino-\ud
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid), namely strychnine-8-ammonio-2-naphthalenesulfonate-water\ud
(1/1/3.5) has been determined and provides a unique example of a neutral association\ud
involving strychnine and an achiral zwitterionic acid species, previously unobserved in the\ud
structures of either strychnine or brucine addition compounds. Crystals are orthorhombic,\ud
space group P212121, with Z=4 in a cell with dimensions a=10.4484(8), b=30.850(3),\ud
c=9.4998(11) A° . Hydrogen bonding involving all available proton-donor and acceptor\ud
sites on all species gives rise to a three-dimensional framework polymer structure. The\ud
crystallographic literature for strychnine and brucine and their compounds is also reviewed
Long-range and short-range dihadron angular correlations in central PbPb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

First measurements of dihadron correlations for charged particles are presented for central PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV over a broad range in relative pseudorapidity, Delta(eta), and the full range of relative azimuthal angle, Delta(phi). The data were collected with the CMS detector, at the LHC. A broadening of the away-side (Delta(phi) approximately pi) azimuthal correlation is observed at all Delta(eta), as compared to the measurements in pp collisions. Furthermore, long-range dihadron correlations in Delta(eta) are observed for particles with similar phi values. This phenomenon, also known as the "ridge", persists up to at least |Delta(eta)| = 4. For particles with transverse momenta (pt) of 2-4 GeV/c, the ridge is found to be most prominent when these particles are correlated with particles of pt = 2-6 GeV/c, and to be much reduced when paired with particles of pt = 10-12 GeV/c
Vegetation and climate changes around the Lama Lake, Taymyr Peninsula during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene reconstructed from pollen records

A continuous lacustrine sequence from the western part of Lama Lake (69°32'N, 90°12'E),completed by a peat sequence from the lake catchment provides the first detailed environmentalreconstruction for the Late Glacial and Holocene on the Taymyr Peninsula. Scarce steppe-likecommunities with Artemisia, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae dominated during the Late Glacial. Tundra-like communities with Betula nana, Dryas, and Salix grew on more mesic sites. There are distinctclimatic signals, which may be correlated with the Bølling and Allerød warmings and Middle andYounger Dryas coolings. The Late Glacial/Preboreal transition, at about 10,000 14C yr BP, wascharacterized by changes from predominantly open herb communities to shrub tundra ones. Larchforest might have been established as early as 9700-9600 14C yr BP, whilst shrub alder came tothe area ca 9500-9400 14C yr BP, and spruce did not reach area before ca 9200 14C yr BP. Spruce-larch forests with shrub alder and tree birch dominated the vegetation around the Lama Lake fromca 9000 14C yr BP. Dwarf birch communities were also broadly distributed. Role of spruce in theforest gradually decreased after 4500 14C yr BP. Vegetation cover in the Lama Lake area becamesimilar to modern larch-spruce forest ca 2500 14C yr BP. A pollen-based biome reconstructionsupports a quantitative interpretation of the pollen spectra. Climate reconstructions obtained withinformation-statistical and plan-functional-type methods show very similar trends in reconstructedJuly temperature since ca 12,300 14C yr BP, while precipitation anomalies are less coherent,especially during the Late Glacial-Holocene transition
Is Renewable Energy Consumption Effective to Promote Economic Growth in Pakistan: Evidence from Bounds Testing and Rolling Window Approach

The aim of present study is to re-investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth by incorporating capital and labor as potential determinants of production function in case of Pakistan. We have used the ARDL bounds testing and rolling window approach (RWA) for cointegration. The causality analysis is conducted by applying the VECM Granger causality and innovative accounting approaches. 

The results showed that all the variables are cointegrated for long run relationship. Renewable energy consumption, capital and labor boost economic growth. The causality analysis indicated bidirectional causality between economic growth, renewable energy consumption and capital over the period of 1972Q1-2011Q4. The study opens up new directions for policy makers to explore new sources of energy sustain economic growth.
Response of the Jovian thermosphere to a transient ‘pulse’ in solar wind pressure

The importance of the Jovian thermosphere with regard to magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling is often neglected in magnetospheric physics. We present the first study to investigate the response of the Jovian thermosphere to transient variations in solar wind dynamic pressure, using an azimuthally symmetric global circulation model coupled to a simple magnetosphere and fixed auroral conductivity model. In our simulations, the Jovian magnetosphere encounters a solar wind shock or rarefaction region and is subsequently compressed or expanded. We present the ensuing response of the coupling currents, thermospheric flows, heating and cooling terms, and the aurora to these transient events. Transient compressions cause the reversal, with respect to steady state, of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling currents and momentum transfer between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. They also cause at least a factor of two increase in the Joule heating rate. Ion drag significantly changes the kinetic energy of the thermospheric neutrals depending on whether the magnetosphere is compressed or expanded. Local temperature variations appear between View the MathML source for the compression scenario and View the MathML source for the expansion case. Extended regions of equatorward flow develop in the wake of compression events - we discuss the implications of this behaviour for global energy transport. Both compressions and expansions lead to a View the MathML source increase in the total power dissipated or deposited in the thermosphere. In terms of auroral processes, transient compressions increase main oval UV emission by a factor of ∼4.5 whilst transient expansions increase this main emission by a more modest 37%. Both types of transient event cause shifts in the position of the main oval, of up to 1° latitude
Reconstructing the invisible with matrix elements

We propose a fully flexible method to perform an hypothesis test between
signal and background based on the Matrix Element Method in the presence of
multiple invisible particles. The proposed method performs a mapping of the
measured final state onto its minimal hypersurface of degrees of freedom for a
given process and then maximises the matrix element on this hypersurface
separately for signal and background. To show how performant the method is in
separating signal from background, we apply it to the prominent partly
invisible decay of a Higgs boson into a muon-antimuon pair and two
muon-neutrinos via two W bosons.Comment: 4 page
First measurement of $\Xi_{\rm c}^0$ production in pp collisions at
  $\mathbf{\sqrt{s}}$ = 7 TeV

The production of the charm-strange baryon $\Xi_{\rm c}^0$ is measured for
the first time at the LHC via its semileptonic decay into e$^+\Xi^-\nu_{\rm e}$
in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with the ALICE detector. The transverse
momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) differential cross section multiplied by the branching
ratio is presented in the interval 1 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 8 GeV/$c$ at
mid-rapidity, $|y|$ $<$ 0.5. The transverse momentum dependence of the
$\Xi_{\rm c}^0$ baryon production relative to the D$^0$ meson production is
compared to predictions of event generators with various tunes of the
hadronisation mechanism, which are found to underestimate the measured
cross-section ratio.Comment: 22 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/412
Multiscale modeling of the elastic behavior of architectured and nanostructured Cu–Nb composite wires

Nanostructured and architectured copper niobium composite wires are excellent candidates for the generation of intense pulsed magnetic fields (> 90T) as they combine both high strength and high electrical conductivity. Multi-scaled Cu–Nb wires are fabricated by accumulative drawing and bundling (a severe plastic deformation technique), leading to a multiscale, architectured, and nanostructured microstructure exhibiting a strong fiber crystallographic texture and elongated grain shapes along the wire axis. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the effective elastic behavior of this composite material by three multi-scale models accounting for different microstructural contents: two mean-field models and a full-field finite element model. As the specimens exhibit many characteristic scales, several scale transition steps are carried out iteratively from the grain scale to the macro-scale. The general agreement among the model responses allows suggesting the best strategy to estimate the effective behavior of Cu–Nb wires and save computational time. The importance of crystallographical and morphological textures in various cases is discussed. Finally, the models are validated by available experimental data with a good agreement
What women want: exploring pregnant women's preferences for alternative models of maternity care

Depending on obstetric risk, maternity care may be provided in one of two locations at hospital level: a consultant-led unit (CLU) or a midwifery-led unit (MLU). Care in a MLU is sparsely provided in Ireland, comprising as few as two units out of a total 21 maternity units. Given its potential for greater efficiencies of care and cost-savings for the state, there has been an increased interest to expand MLUs in Ireland. Yet, very little is known about women’s preferences for midwifery-led care, and whether they would utilise this service when presented with the choice of delivering in a CLU or MLU. This study seeks to involve women in the future planning of maternity care by investigating their preferences for care and subsequent motivations when choosing place of birth. Qualitative research is undertaken to explore maternal preferences for these different models of care. Women only revealed a preference for the MLU when co-located with a CLU due to its close proximity to medical services. However, the results suggest women do not have a clear preference for either model of care, but rather a hybrid model of care which encompasses features of both consultant- and midwifery-led car
Measurement of the cross-section for electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at s=13TeV with the ATLAS detector

The cross-section for the production of two jets in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson (Zjj ) is measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The electroweak Zjj cross-section is extracted in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution relative to the dominant Drell–Yan Zjj process, which is constrained using a data-driven approach. The measured fiducial electroweak cross-section is σZjjEW=119 ±16 (stat.)±20 (syst.)±2 (lumi.)fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 250GeV, and 34.2 ±5.8 (stat.)±5.5 (syst.)±0.7 (lumi.)fb for dijet invariant mass greater than 1TeV. Standard Model predictions are in agreement with the measurements. The inclusive Zjj cross-section is also measured in six different fiducial regions with varying contributions from electroweak and Drell–Yan Zjj production
Molecular motion regulates the activity of the mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2

HtrA2 (high-temperature requirement 2) is a human mitochondrial protease that has a role in apoptosis and Parkinson's disease. The structure of HtrA2 with an intact catalytic triad was determined, revealing a conformational change in the active site loops, involving mainly the regulatory LD loop, which resulted in burial of the catalytic serine relative to the previously reported structure of the proteolytically inactive mutant. Mutations in the loops surrounding the active site that significantly restricted their mobility, reduced proteolytic activity both in vitro and in cells, suggesting that regulation of HtrA2 activity cannot be explained by a simple transition to an activated conformational state with enhanced active site accessibility. Manipulation of solvent viscosity highlighted an unusual bi-phasic behavior of the enzymatic activity, which together with MD calculations supports the importance of motion in the regulation of the activity of HtrA2. HtrA2 is an unusually thermostable enzyme (TM=97.3 °C), a trait often associated with structural rigidity, not dynamic motion. We suggest that this thermostability functions to provide a stable scaffold for the observed loop motions, allowing them a relatively free conformational search within a rather restricted volume.We would like to thank Professor Margarida Bastos and Dr. Frederico Silva for assistance with calorimetry, Professor Manuel J.B. Marques with refractometry, Professor Eduardo Marques and Dr. João Neves with viscosometry, Dr. Trent Balius with hierarchical clustering, Professor Brian K. Shoichet with interpreting protein stability measurements, Dr. Hélder Maiato, Dr. Cristina Ferrás, Dr. Emma Commas-Casellas and Luísa Ferreira for help with cell culture. Funding to Biomolecular Structure and Function lab was provided by the project Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000008 – Porto Neurosciences and Neurologic Disease Research Initiative at I3S, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). CM, MJR and PAF acknowledge the financial support from the European Union (FEDER funds POCI/01/0145/FEDER/007728) and National Funds (FCT/MEC, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Educação e Ciência) under the Partnership Agreement PT2020 UID/MULTI/04378/2013. C.M. is a recipient of a FCT PhD fellowship (SFRH/BD/84016/2012). M.M. thanks the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) for its support through the Ciência 2008 program.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Testing the steady state assumption for the Earth's surface denudation using Li isotopes in the Amazon basin.

In this contribution we test the steady-state assumption for the surface denudation in the rivers from the Amazon basin by calculating “predicted” sediment concentration for each river using the Li isotope composition of dissolved and solid river materials. This calculation relies on a good estimation of the Li isotope composition of the bedrock drained by each River. By using the mean Li isotope composition of the major rock types from the literature, in combination with suspended sediment depth-profile and Nd isotope composition, it is possible to obtain an accurate estimation of the Li isotope composition of the bedrock. Calculated “Predicted” sediment concentration by the steady-state model agree well within a factor of two with the suspended sediment concentration derived from both decadal sediment gauging measurements and cosmogenic nuclides implying that the steady-state assumption is valid for the Amazon Rivers studied here. This has important implications for estimating the long-term erosion rates and constraining the geomorphic dynamic of watersheds using “non-traditional” isotopes
Adaptive quantum state tomography via linear regression estimation: Theory and two-qubit experiment

Adaptive techniques have great potential for wide application in enhancing the precision of quantum parameter estimation. We present an adaptive quantum state tomography protocol for finite dimensional quantum systems and experimentally implement the adaptive tomography protocol on two-qubit systems. In this adaptive quantum state tomography protocol, an adaptive measurement strategy and a recursive linear regression estimation algorithm are performed. Numerical results show that our adaptive quantum state tomography protocol can outperform tomography protocols using mutually unbiased bases and the two-stage mutually unbiased bases adaptive strategy, even with the simplest product measurements. When nonlocal measurements are available, our adaptive quantum state tomography can beat the Gill–Massar bound for a wide range of quantum states with a modest number of copies. We use only the simplest product measurements to implement two-qubit tomography experiments. In the experiments, we use error-compensation techniques to tackle systematic error due to misalignments and imperfection of wave plates, and achieve about a 100-fold reduction of the systematic error. The experimental results demonstrate that the improvement of adaptive quantum state tomography over nonadaptive tomography is significant for states with a high level of purity. Our results also show that this adaptive tomography method is particularly effective for the reconstruction of maximally entangled states, which are important resources in quantum information.Griffith Sciences, School of Natural SciencesFull Tex
Sex differences in risk-based decision making in adolescents with conduct disorder

Altered decision making processes and excessive risk-seeking behaviours are key features of conduct disorder (CD). Previous studies have provided compelling evidence of abnormally increased preference for risky options, higher sensitivity to rewards, as well as blunted responsiveness to aversive outcomes in adolescents with CD. However, most studies published to date have focused on males only; thus, it is not known whether females with CD show similar alterations in decision making. The current study investigated potential sex differences in decision making and risk-seeking behaviours in adolescents with CD. Forty-nine adolescents with CD (23 females) and 51 control subjects (27 females), aged 11-18 years, performed a computerised task assessing decision making under risk—the Risky Choice Task. Participants made a series of decisions between two gamble options that varied in terms of their expected values and probability of gains and losses. This enabled the participants’ risk preferences to be determined. Taking the sample as a whole, adolescents with CD exhibited increased risk-seeking behaviours compared to healthy controls. However, we found a trend towards a sex-by-group interaction, suggesting that these effects may vary by sex. Follow-up analyses showed that males with CD made significantly more risky choices than their typically developing counterparts, while females with CD did not differ from typically developing females in their risk-seeking behaviours. Our results provide preliminary evidence that sex may moderate the relationship between CD and alterations in risk attitudes and reward processing, indicating that there may be sex differences in the developmental pathways and neuropsychological deficits that lead to CD
On Piterbarg's max-discretisation theorem for multivariate stationary Gaussian processes

Let {X (t), t &gt;= 0} be a stationary Gaussian process with zero-mean and unit variance. A deep result derived in Piterbarg (2004) [23], which we refer to as Piterbarg's max-discretisation theorem gives the joint asymptotic behaviour (T -&gt; infinity) of the continuous time maximum M(T) = max(t is an element of[0,T]) X(t), and the maximum M-delta(T) = max(t is an element of R(delta)) X(t), with R(delta) subset of [0, T] a uniform grid of points of distance delta = delta(T). Under some asymptotic restrictions on the correlation function Piterbarg's max-discretisation theorem shows that for the limit result it is important to know the speed delta(T) approaches 0 as T -&gt; infinity. The present contribution derives the aforementioned theorem for multivariate stationary Gaussian processes