pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Mesh Adaptation on the Sphere using Optimal Transport and the Numerical
  Solution of a Monge-Amp\`ere type Equation

An equation of Monge-Amp\`ere type has, for the first time, been solved
numerically on the surface of the sphere in order to generate optimally
transported (OT) meshes, equidistributed with respect to a monitor function.
Optimal transport generates meshes that keep the same connectivity as the
original mesh, making them suitable for r-adaptive simulations, in which the
equations of motion can be solved in a moving frame of reference in order to
avoid mapping the solution between old and new meshes and to avoid load
balancing problems on parallel computers.
  The semi-implicit solution of the Monge-Amp\`ere type equation involves a new
linearisation of the Hessian term, and exponential maps are used to map from
old to new meshes on the sphere. The determinant of the Hessian is evaluated as
the change in volume between old and new mesh cells, rather than using
numerical approximations to the gradients.
  OT meshes are generated to compare with centroidal Voronoi tesselations on
the sphere and are found to have advantages and disadvantages; OT
equidistribution is more accurate, the number of iterations to convergence is
independent of the mesh size, face skewness is reduced and the connectivity
does not change. However anisotropy is higher and the OT meshes are
non-orthogonal.
  It is shown that optimal transport on the sphere leads to meshes that do not
tangle. However, tangling can be introduced by numerical errors in calculating
the gradient of the mesh potential. Methods for alleviating this problem are
explored.
  Finally, OT meshes are generated using observed precipitation as a monitor
function, in order to demonstrate the potential power of the technique
Oscillating Asymmetric Sneutrino Dark Matter from the Maximally $U(1)_L$
  Supersymmetric Inverse Seesaw

The inverse seesaw mechanism provides an attractive approach to generate
small neutrino mass, which origins from a tiny $U(1)_L$ breaking. In this
paper, we work in the supersymmetric version of this mechanism, where the
singlet-like sneutrino could be an asymmetric dark matter (ADM) candidate in
the maximally $U(1)_{L}$ symmetric limit. However, even a tiny $\delta m$, the
mass splitting between sneutrino and anti-sneutrino as a result of the tiny
$U(1)_{L}$ breaking effect, could lead to fast oscillation between sneutrino
and anti-sneutrino and thus spoils the ADM scenario. We study the evolution of
this oscillation and find that a weak scale sneutrino, which tolerates a
relatively larger $\delta m\sim 10^{-5}$ eV, is strongly favored. We also
investigate possible natural ways to realize that small $\delta m$ in the
model.Comment: PLB versio
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The coevolution
  of galaxy morphology and colour to z~1

We explore the evolution of the statistical distribution of galaxy
morphological properties and colours over the redshift range $0.5<z<1$,
combining high-quality imaging data from the CFHT Legacy Survey with the large
number of redshifts and extended photometry from the VIPERS survey. Galaxy
structural parameters are measured by fitting S\'ersic profiles to $i$-band
images and then combined with absolute magnitudes, colours and redshifts, to
trace the evolution in a multi-parameter space. We analyse, using a new method,
the combination of colours and structural parameters of early- and late-type
galaxies in luminosity--redshift space. We found that both the rest-frame
colour distributions in the (U-B) vs. (B-V) plane and the S\'ersic index
distributions are well fitted by a sum of two Gaussians, with a remarkable
consistency of red-spheroidal and blue-disky galaxy populations, over the
explored redshift ($0.5<z<1$) and luminosity ($-1.5<B-B_*<1.0$) ranges. The
combination of the UBV rest-frame colour and S\'ersic index $n$ as a function
of redshift and luminosity allows us to present the structure of early- and
late-type galaxies and their evolution. We found that early type galaxies
display only a slow change of their concentrations since $z\sim1$; it is
already established by $z\sim1$ and depends much more strongly on their
luminosities. In contrast, late-type galaxies get clearly more concentrated
with cosmic time since $z\sim1$, with only little evolution in colour, which
remains dependent mainly on their luminosity. This flipped luminosity (mass)
and redshift dependence likely reflects different evolutionary tracks of early-
and late-type galaxies before and after $z\sim1$. The combination of rest-frame
colours and S\'ersic index $n$ as a function of redshift and luminosity leads
to a precise statistical description of the structure of galaxies and their
evolution.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figure
Naturally light neutrinos in $Diracon$ model

We propose a simple model for Dirac neutrinos where the smallness of neutrino
mass follows from a parameter $\kappa$ whose absence enhances the symmetry of
the theory. The symmetry breaking is performed by a two-doublet Higgs sector
supplemented by an extra gauge singlet scalar, realizing an accidental global
$U(1)$ symmetry. Its spontaneous breaking at the few TeV scale leads to a
physical Nambu-Goldstone boson - the $Diracon$, denoted $\mathcal{D}$ - which
is restricted by astrophysics and induces invisible Higgs decays $h\to
\mathcal{D} \mathcal {D}$. The scheme provides a rich, yet very simple
reference scenario for symmetry breaking studies at colliders such as the LHC.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; references added. To appear in Phys.Lett.
Reproducibility of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing for young cystic fibrosis patients.

Author manuscript version of an article published in the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis. The definitive published version is available via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcf.2013.04.012.BACKGROUND: The reproducibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been established in young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using a valid protocol. METHODS: Thirteen 7-18 year olds completed three CPETs, separated by 48 h and 4-6 weeks. CPET involved a ramp-incremental cycling test with supramaximal verification. RESULTS: Maximal oxygen uptake was repeatedly determined with no learning effect and typical errors expressed as a coefficient of variation (TE(CV%)) of 9.3% (48 h) and 13.3% (4-6 weeks). The reproducibility of additional parameters of aerobic function [gas exchange threshold (TE(CV%): 11.2%, 16.8%); VO2 mean response time (TE(CV%): 37.8%, 89.4%); VO2 gain (TE(CV%): 17.4%, 24.5%)] and clinical utility [e.g. SaO2% (TE(CV%): 2.2%, 3.1%); ventilatory drive (V(E)/VCO2-slope) (TE(CV%): 7.8%, 17.7%)] was also established over the short- and the medium-term, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results establish limits of variability to determine meaningful changes over the short- and the medium-term for CPET outcomes in young CF patients
Mapping species distributions: a comparison of skilled naturalist and lay citizen science recording

Published version. Source at <a href=http://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0709-x>http://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0709-x</a>.To assess the ability of traditional biological recording schemes and lay citizen science approaches to gather data on species distributions and changes therein, we examined bumblebee records from the UK’s national repository (National Biodiversity Network) and from BeeWatch. The two recording approaches revealed similar relative abundances of bumblebee species but different geographical distributions. For the widespread common carder (Bombus pascuorum), traditional recording scheme data were patchy, both spatially and temporally, reflecting active record centre rather than species distribution. Lay citizen science records displayed more extensive geographic coverage, reflecting human population density, thus offering better opportunities to account for recording effort. For the rapidly spreading tree bumblebee (Bombus hypnorum), both recording approaches revealed similar distributions due to a dedicated mapping project which overcame the patchy nature of naturalist records. We recommend, where possible, complementing skilled naturalist recording with lay citizen science programmes to obtain a nation-wide capability, and stress the need for timely uploading of data to the national repository
The Herschel view of the dominant mode of galaxy growth   from z = 4 to the present day

International audienceWe present an analysis of the deepest Herschel images in four major extragalactic fields GOODS–North, GOODS–South, UDS, and COSMOS obtained within the GOODS–Herschel and CANDELS–Herschel key programs. The star formation picture provided by a total of 10 497 individual far-infrared detections is supplemented by the stacking analysis of a mass complete sample of 62 361 star-forming galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) H band-selected catalogs of the CANDELS survey and from two deep ground-based Ks band-selected catalogs in the GOODS–North and the COSMOS-wide field to obtain one of the most accurate and unbiased understanding to date of the stellar mass growth over the cosmic history. We show, for the first time, that stacking also provides a powerful tool to determine the dispersion of a physical correlation and describe our method called “scatter stacking”, which may be easily generalized to other experiments. The combination of direct UV and far-infrared UV-reprocessed light provides a complete census on the star formation rates (SFRs), allowing us to demonstrate that galaxies at z = 4 to 0 of all stellar masses (M∗) follow a universal scaling law, the so-called main sequence of star-forming galaxies. We find a universal close-to-linear slope of the log 10(SFR)–log 10(M∗) relation, with evidence for a flattening of the main sequence at high masses (log 10(M∗/M⊙) > 10.5) that becomesless prominent with increasing redshift and almost vanishes by z ≃ 2. This flattening may be due to the parallel stellar growth of quiescent bulges in star-forming galaxies, which mostly happens over the same redshift range. Within the main sequence, we measure a nonvarying SFR dispersion of 0.3 dex: at a fixed redshift and stellar mass, about 68% of star-forming galaxies form stars at a universal rate within a factor 2. The specific SFR (sSFR = SFR/M∗) of star-forming galaxies is found to continuously increase from z = 0 to 4. Finally we discuss the implications of our findings on the cosmic SFR history and on the origin of present-day stars: more than two-thirds of present-day stars must have formed in a regime dominated by the “main sequence” mode. As a consequence we conclude that, although omnipresent in the distant Universe, galaxy mergers had little impact in shaping the global star formation history over the last 12.5 billion years
Transmembrane Domain Targeting Peptide Antagonizing ErbB2/Neu Inhibits Breast Tumor Growth and Metastasis.

International audienceBreast cancer is still a deadly disease despite major achievements in targeted therapies designed to block ligands or ligand-binding subunits of major tyrosine kinase receptors. Relapse is significant and metastases deleterious, which demands novel strategies for fighting this disease. Here, we report a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating that small peptides interfering with the transmembrane domain of the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor ErbB2 exhibit anticancer properties when used at micromolar dosages in a genetically engineered mouse model of breast cancer. Different assays demonstrate the specificity of the ErbB2-targeting peptide, which induces long-term reduction of ErbB2 phosphorylation and Akt signaling consistent with reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased survival. Microcomputed tomography analysis established the antimetastatic activity of the peptide and its impact on primary tumor growth. This reveals the interior of the cell membrane as an unexplored dimension for drug design
Incorporation of H2 in vitreous silica, qualitative and quantitative determination from Raman and infrared spectroscopy.

Incorporation mechanisms of H2 in silica glass were studied with Raman and infrared (IR) microspectroscopy. Hydrogenated samples were prepared at temperatures between 800°C and 955°C at 2 kbar total pressure. Hydrogen fugacities (fH2) were controlled using the double capsule technique with the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer assemblage generating fH2 of 1290–1370 bars corresponding to H2 partial pressures (PH2) of 960–975 bars. We found that silica glass hydrogenated under such conditions contains molecular hydrogen (H2) in addition to SiH and SiOH groups. H2 molecules dissolved in the quenched glasses introduce a band at 4136 cm−1 in the Raman spectra which in comparison to that of gaseous H2 is wider and is shifted to lower frequency. IR spectra of hydrogenated samples contain a band at 4138 cm−1 which we assign to the stretching vibration of H2 molecules located in non-centrosymmetric sites. The Raman and IR spectra indicate that the dissolved H2 molecules interact with the silicate network. We suggest that the H2 band is the envelope of at least three components due to the occupation of at least three different interstitial sites by H2 molecules. Both, Raman and IR spectra of hydrogenated glasses contain bands at not, vert, similar2255 cm−1 which may be due to the vibration of SiH groups
The complex enviroment around Cir X-1

We present the results of a 54 ks long Chandra observation of the peculiar source Cir X-1. We perform a comparative analysis of X-ray spectra, selected at different flux levels of the source. This allows us to distinguish between a very hard state, at a low countrate, and a brighter, softer, highly absorbed spectrum during episodes of flaring activity. The spectrum of the hard state clearly shows emission lines of highly ionized elements. During the flaring state, the spectrum also shows strong resonant absorption lines, mostly in the Fe K region. Physical implications on the changing system geometry and plasma behavior is discussed and compared with past observations
Fossil group origins: V. the dependence of the luminosity function on the magnitude gap

Context. In nature we observe galaxy aggregations that span a wide range of magnitude gaps between the two first-ranked galaxies of a system (Δm12). Thus, there are systems with gaps close to zero (e.g., the Coma cluster), and at the other extreme of the distribution, the largest gaps are found among the so-called fossil systems. The observed distribution of magnitude gaps is thought to be a consequence of the orbital decay of M∗ galaxies in massive halos and the associated growth of the central object. As a result, to first order the amplitude of this gap is a good statistical proxy for the dynamical age of a system of galaxies. Fossil and non-fossil systems could therefore have different galaxy populations that should be reflected in their luminosity functions.\ud
Aims: In this work we study, for the first time, the dependence of the luminosity function parameters on Δm12 using data obtained by the fossil group origins (FOGO) project.\ud
Methods: We constructed a hybrid luminosity function for 102 groups and clusters at z ≤ 0.25 using both photometric data from the SDSS-DR7 and redshifts from the DR7 and the FOGO surveys. The latter consists of ~1200 new redshifts in 34 fossil system candidates. We stacked all the individual luminosity functions, dividing them into bins of Δm12, and studied their best-fit Schechter parameters. We additionally computed a "relative" luminosity function, expressed as a function of the central galaxy luminosity, which boosts our capacity to detect differences - especially at the bright end.\ud
Results: We find trends as a function of Δm12 at both the bright and faint ends of the luminosity function. In particular, at the bright end, the larger the magnitude gap, the fainter the characteristic magnitude M∗. The characteristic luminosity in systems with negligible gaps is more than a factor three brighter than in fossil-like ones. Remarkably, we also find differences at the faint end. In this region, the larger the gap, the flatter the faint-end slope α.\ud
Conclusions: The differences found at the bright end support a dissipationless, dynamical friction-driven merging model for the growth of the central galaxy in group- and cluster-sized halos. The differences in the faint end cannot be explained by this mechanism. Other processes - such as enhanced tidal disruption due to early infall and/or prevalence of eccentric orbits - may play a role. However, a larger sample of systems with Δm12> 1.5 is needed to establish the differences at the faint end
Improved convergence estimates for the Schröder-Siegel problem

We reconsider the Schröder–Siegel problem of conjugating an analytic map in ℂ in the neighborhood of a fixed point to its linear part, extending it to the case of dimension n>1 . Assuming a condition which is equivalent to Bruno’s one on the eigenvalues λ1,…,λn of the linear part, we show that the convergence radius ρ of the conjugating transformation satisfies lnρ(λ)≥−CΓ(λ)+C′ with Γ(λ) characterizing the eigenvalues λ , a constant C′ not depending on λ and C=1 . This improves the previous results for n>1 , where the known proofs give C=2 . We also recall that C=1 is known to be the optimal value for n=1
Herschel-ATLAS : the angular correlation function of submillimetre galaxies at high and low redshift

We present measurements of the angular correlation function of galaxies selected from the first field of the H-ATLAS survey. Careful removal of the background from galactic cirrus is essential, and currently dominates the uncertainty in our measurements. For our 250 mu m-selected sample we detect no significant clustering, consistent with the expectation that the 250 mu m-selected sources are mostly normal galaxies at z <= 1. For our 350 mu m and 500 mu m-selected samples we detect relatively strong clustering with correlation amplitudes A of 0.2 and 1.2 at 1', but with relatively large uncertainties. For samples which preferentially select high redshift galaxies at z similar to 2-3 we detect significant strong clustering, leading to an estimate of r(0) similar to 7-11 h(-1) Mpc. The slope of our clustering measurements is very steep, delta similar to 2. The measurements are consistent with the idea that sub-mm sources consist of a low redshift population of normal galaxies and a high redshift population of highly clustered star-bursting galaxies
Search for leptonic decays of W′ bosons in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.8 (2012): 023 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for a new heavy gauge boson W′ decaying to an electron or muon, plus a low mass neutrino, is presented. This study uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb -1, collected using the CMS detector in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. Events containing a single electron or muon and missing transverse momentum are analyzed. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in the transverse mass distribution of the lepton-neutrino system, and upper limits for cross sections above different transverse mass thresholds are presented. Mass exclusion limits at 95% CL for a range of W′ models are determined, including a limit of 2.5 TeV for right-handed W′ bosons with standard-model-like couplings and limits of 2.43-2.63 TeV for left-handed W′ bosons, taking into account their interference with the standard model W boson. Exclusion limits have also been set on Kaluza-Klein WKK states in the framework of split universal extra dimension
Helping the family carers of Alzheimer's patients: from theory... to practice: a preliminary study

[Abstract] Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the most important health issues in the western world. The ongoing care that the AD patient requires typically causes high stress levels, fatigue, irritation and depression in the caregiver, as well as socio-economical problems. The current study aimed to introduce a support program for carers of AD patients, in order to improve their quality of life. A Questionnaire for Carers and an Anxiety State Feature Questionnaire (STAI) was used to assess the carers. Results showed an overall improvement in the carers' health. Their subjective wellbeing increased, and though their situation had not changed, they nevertheless described feeling les s trapped. It can be concluded that possibly the mere fact that the carers feel that they have help available is enough to endorse the value of the program
Summary of golden measurements at a v-factory

The precision and discovery potential of a neutrino factory based on muon storage rings is summarized. For three-family neutrino oscillations, we analyze how to measure or severely constrain the angle theta (13), CP violation, MSW effects and the sign of the atmospheric mass difference Deltam(23)(2). The appearance of 'wrong-sign muons' at three reference baselines. is considered: 732, 3500 and 7332 km. We exploit the dependence of the signal on the neutrino energy, and include realistic background estimations and detection efficiencies as well. The optimal baseline turns out to be O(3000 km)