pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Jupiter's Para-H$_2$ Distribution from SOFIA/FORCAST and Voyager/IRIS
  17-37 $\mu$m Spectroscopy

Spatially resolved maps of Jupiter's far-infrared 17-37 $\mu$m
hydrogen-helium collision-induced spectrum were acquired by the FORCAST
instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) in
May 2014. Spectral scans in two grisms covered the broad S(0) and S(1)
absorption lines, in addition to contextual imaging in eight broad-band filters
(5-37 $\mu$m) with spatial resolutions of 2-4". The spectra were inverted to
map the zonal-mean temperature and para-H$_2$ distribution ($f_p$, the fraction
of the para spin isomer with respect to the ortho spin isomer) in Jupiter's
upper troposphere (the 100-700 mbar range). We compared these to a reanalysis
of Voyager-1 and -2 IRIS spectra covering the same spectral range. Para-H$_2$
increases from equator to pole, with low-$f_p$ air at the equator representing
sub-equilibrium conditions (i.e., less para-H$_2$ than expected from thermal
equilibration), and high-$f_p$ air and possible super-equilibrium at higher
latitudes. In particular, we confirm the continued presence of a region of
high-$f_p$ air at high northern latitudes discovered by Voyager/IRIS, and an
asymmetry with generally higher $f_p$ in the north than in the south. We note
that existing collision-induced absorption databases lack opacity from
(H$_2$)$_2$ dimers, leading to under-prediction of the absorption near the S(0)
and S(1) peaks. There appears to be no spatial correlation between para-H$_2$
and tropospheric ammonia, phosphine and cloud opacity derived from Voyager/IRIS
at mid-infrared wavelengths (7-15 $\mu$m). We note, however, that para-H$_2$
tracks the similar latitudinal distribution of aerosols within Jupiter's upper
tropospheric and stratospheric hazes observed in reflected sunlight, suggesting
that catalysis of hydrogen equilibration within the hazes (and not the main
clouds) may govern the equator-to-pole gradient. [Abridged]Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Icaru
A novel facility for reduced-gravity testing: a set-up for studying
  low-velocity collisions into granular surfaces

This work presents an experimental design for studying low-velocity
collisions into granular surfaces in low-gravity. In the experiment apparatus,
reduced-gravity is simulated by releasing a free-falling projectile into a
surface container with a downward acceleration less than that of Earth's
gravity. The acceleration of the surface is controlled through the use of an
Atwood machine, or a system of pulleys and counterweights. The starting height
of the surface container and the initial separation distance between the
projectile and surface are variable and chosen to accommodate collision
velocities up to 20 cm/s and effective accelerations of ~0.1 - 1.0 m/s^2.
Accelerometers, placed on the surface container and inside the projectile,
provide acceleration data, while high-speed cameras capture the collision and
act as secondary data sources. The experiment is built into an existing 5.5 m
drop-tower frame and requires the custom design of all components, including
the projectile, surface sample container, release mechanism and deceleration
system. Data from calibration tests verify the efficiency of the experiment's
deceleration system and provide a quantitative understanding of the performance
of the Atwood system.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure
Afriat’s Theorem and Samuelson’s ‘Eternal Darkness’

Suppose that we have access to a finite set of expenditure data drawn from an individual consumer, i.e., how much of each good has been purchased and at what prices. Afriat (1967) was the first to establish necessary and sufficient conditions on such a data set for rationalizability by utility maximization. In this note, we provide a new and simple proof of Afriat’s Theorem, the explicit steps of which help to more deeply understand the driving force behind one of the more curious features of the result itself, namely that a concave rationalization is without loss of generality in a classical finite data setting. Our proof stresses the importance of the non-uniqueness of a utility representation along with the finiteness of the data set in ensuring the existence of a concave utility function that rationalizes the data
Validation and reliability of the Japanese version of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - Parent Form

Background: Food allergy (FA) is a heavy burden for patients and their families and can significantly reduce the quality of life (QoL) of both. To provide adequate support, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the parents' QoL may be helpful. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a Japanese version of the Food Allergy QoL QuestionnaireeParent Form (FAQLQ-PF-J), an internationally validated disease-specific QoL measurement of the parental burden of having a child with FA. Methods: The FAQLQ-PF and the Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM), an instrument to test the construct validity of the FAQLQ-PF-J, were translated into Japanese. After language validation, the questionnaires were administered to parents of FA children aged 0e12 years and those of age-matched healthy (without FA) children. Internal consistency (by Cronbach's a) and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Construct validity and discriminant validity were also examined. Results: One hundred twenty-seven parents of children with FA and 48 parents of healthy children filled out the questionnaire. The FAQLQ-PF-J showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's a > 0.77) and test-retest reliability. Good construct validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the FAQLQ-PF-J and FAIM-J scores. It discriminated parents of children with FA from those without. The scores were significantly higher (lower QoL) for parents of FA children with a history of anaphylaxis than those without, for those with >6 FA-related symptoms experienced than those with less FA-related symptoms. Conclusions: The FAQLQ-PF-J is a reliable and valid measure of the parental burden of FA in children
Vaginal cones or balls to improve pelvic floor muscle performance and urinary continence in women postpartum: a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Aim: To identify, critically appraise and synthesise the best current evidence on the use of vaginal cones or balls to improve pelvic floor muscle performance and urinary continence in women post partum.\ud
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Background: The vaginal use of cones or balls is a pelvic floor muscle training method that aims to enhance muscle performance and thereby prevent or treat urinary incontinence. Nonetheless to date, no systematic review has focused on the effectiveness of these devices specifically during the postpartum period. \ud
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Design: Quantitative systematic review with potential meta-analysis\ud
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Methods: The review will be undertaken by searching 14 scientific databases (including PubMed and CINAHL, without date restriction) and the world-wide web; experts will also be contacted for published and unpublished data. Included studies must be randomised or quasi-randomised trials and have female participants until one year after childbirth. The intervention will be compared to no treatment, placebo, sham treatment or active controls. Outcome measures will relate to pelvic floor muscle performance or urinary incontinence. Studies will be selected, “risk of bias” assessed, and data extracted by two reviewers independently. Following inter-reviewer agreement of included studies, data will be checked after entry into systematic review processing software. If appropriate, data will be synthesised by meta-analysis; if this is not possible, a narrative review only will be undertaken. \ud
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Discussion: The information gained from this systematic review will help midwives, nurses, other health professionals and women after childbirth decide how to promote female pelvic floor health and in defining further areas of study
Design of a 16-cell densely-packed receiver for high concentrating photovoltaic applications

PublishedConference Proceeding4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research (ICAER 2013)A novel densely packed receiver for concentrating photovoltaics has been designed to fit a 125× primary and a 4× secondary reflective optics. It can allocate 16 1cm2-sized high concentrating solar cells and is expected to work at about 300 Wp, with a short-circuit current of 6.6 A and an open circuit voltage of 50.72 V. In the light of a preliminary thermal simulation, an aluminum-based insulated metal substrate has been use as baseplate. The original outline of the conductive copper layer has been developed to minimize the Joule losses, by reducing the number of interconnections between the cells in series. Slightly oversized Schottky diodes have been applied for bypassing purposes and the whole design fits the IPC-2221 requirements. A fullscale thermal simulation has been implemented to prove the reliability of an insulated metal substrate in CPV application, even if compared to the widely-used direct bonded copper board. The Joule heating phenomenon has been analytically calculated first, to understand the effect on the electrical power output, and then simulate, to predict the consequences on the thermal management of the board. The outcomes of the present research will be used to optimize the design of a novel actively cooled 144-cell receiver for high concentrating photovoltaic applications. © 2014 The Authors.The financial support provided by the EPSRC-DST through the BioCPV project is duly acknowledged
Search for dark matter particles in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$ using the razor variables

A search for dark matter particles directly produced in proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 18.8 fb$^{−1}$, at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The event selection requires at least two jets and no isolated leptons. The razor variables are used to quantify the transverse momentum balance in the jet momenta. The study is performed separately for events with and without jets originating from b quarks. The observed yields are consistent with the expected backgrounds and, depending on the nature of the production mechanism, dark matter production at the LHC is excluded at 90% confidence level for a mediator mass scale $\Lambda$ below 1 TeV. The use of razor variables yields results that complement those previously published
An Efficient Method for online Detection of Polychronous Patterns in
  Spiking Neural Network

Polychronous neural groups are effective structures for the recognition of
precise spike-timing patterns but the detection method is an inefficient
multi-stage brute force process that works off-line on pre-recorded simulation
data. This work presents a new model of polychronous patterns that can capture
precise sequences of spikes directly in the neural simulation. In this scheme,
each neuron is assigned a randomized code that is used to tag the post-synaptic
neurons whenever a spike is transmitted. This creates a polychronous code that
preserves the order of pre-synaptic activity and can be registered in a hash
table when the post-synaptic neuron spikes. A polychronous code is a
sub-component of a polychronous group that will occur, along with others, when
the group is active. We demonstrate the representational and pattern
recognition ability of polychronous codes on a direction selective visual task
involving moving bars that is typical of a computation performed by simple
cells in the cortex. The computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm far
exceeds existing polychronous group detection methods and is well suited for
online detection.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8 TeV

Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.8 fb⁻¹ from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s= 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tanβ  between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R -hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer
Philosophical Interpretation of the Visuality Regime: Convergence of Culture Practices, Conventions, and Experience

This work is devoted to the importance of the visual turn in the modern society, and to the fact, that the visual turn has drawn attention to the variety of existing scopic regimes and to the system of factors changing them. It deals with the nature of a contemporary dominant scopic regime in our society and gives the definition of scopic regime or, as it is also called, the regime of seeing. In order to get a broad picture on this issue, we are going to create the typology for analyses of scopic regime, where three main groups of approaches can be distinguished: phenomenological, psychoanalytical, post-structuralist and synthetic. The second part of the research will be focused primarily on the vision practice of the twenties of XX century. The implicit aim of the work is to create some kind of typology of scopic regimes, existing in the Soviet and the post-Soviet space, and to define the origins of these regimes. The highlight of the research is to reconstruct the local context of the visual experience description and the scopic regime at the modern age. In order to identify the basis for any scopic regime, the work makes several conceptual assumptions underlying the basic conclusions on this issue
Measurement of the time-integrated CP asymmetry in D-0 -> (KSKS0)-K-0 decays

The time-integrated CP asymmetry in the decay D0 → KS0KS0 is measured using 3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The flavour of the D0 meson is determined by use of the decay D*+ → D0π+ and its charge conjugate mode. The result is\ud
ACP=−0.029±0.052±0.022,\ud
ACP=−0.029±0.052±0.022,\ud
where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The result is consistent with Standard Model expectations and improves the uncertainty with respect to the only previous measurement of this quantity by more than a factor of three
Measurement of the total cross section from elastic scattering in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the total pp   cross section at the LHC at s√=8 TeV is presented. An integrated luminosity of 500 μb−1 was accumulated in a special run with high-β⋆ beam optics to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable t. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the −t   range from 0.014 GeV2 to 0.1 GeV2 to extrapolate t→0, the total cross section, σtot(pp→X), is measured via the optical theorem to be
σtot(pp→X)=96.07±0.18(stat.)±0.85(exp.)±0.31(extr.)mb,
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where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation t→0. In addition, the slope of the exponential function describing the elastic cross section at small t   is determined to be B=19.74±0.05(stat.)±0.23(syst.)GeV−2.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measurements of psi(2S) and X(3872) -> J/psi pi (+) pi (-) production in pp collisions at root s=8 Tev with the ATLAS detector

Differential cross sections are presented for the prompt and non-prompt production of the hidden-charm states X(3872) and ψ(2S), in the decay mode J/ψπ+π−, measured using 11.4 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The ratio of cross-sections X(3872)/ψ(2S) is also given, separately for prompt and non-prompt components, as well as the non-prompt fractions of X(3872) and ψ(2S). Assuming independent single effective lifetimes for non-prompt X(3872) and ψ(2S) production gives RB=B(B→X(3872)+any)B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π−)B(B→ψ(2S)+any)B(ψ(2S)→J/ψπ+π−)=(3.95±0.32(stat)±0.08(sys))×10−2 separating short- and long-lived contributions, assuming that the short-lived component is due to Bc decays, gives RB = (3.57 ± 0.33(stat) ± 0.11(sys)) × 10−2, with the fraction of non-prompt X(3872) produced via Bc decays for pT(X(3872)) > 10 GeV being (25 ± 13(stat) ± 2(sys) ± 5(spin))%. The distributions of the dipion invariant mass in the X(3872) and ψ(2S) decays are also measured and compared to theoretical predictions
Embracing open innovation to acquire external ideas and technologies and to transfer internal ideas and technologies outside

The objective of this dissertation is to increase understanding of how organizations can embrace open innovation in order to acquire external ideas and technologies from outside the organization, and to transfer internal ideas and technologies to outside the organization. The objective encompasses six sub-objectives, each addressed in one or more substudies. Altogether, the dissertation consists of nine substudies and a compendium summarizing the substudies.
An extensive literature review was conducted on open innovation and crowdsourcing literature (substudies 1–4). In the subsequent empirical substudies, both qualitative research methods (substudies 5–7) and quantitative research methods (substudies 8–9) were applied. The four literature review substudies provided insights on the body of knowledge on open innovation and crowdsourcing. These substudies unveiled most of the influential articles, authors, and journals of open innovation and crowdsourcing disciplines. Moreover, they identified research gaps in the current literature.
The empirical substudies offer several insightful findings. Substudy 5 shows how non-core ideas and technologies of a large firm can become valuable, especially for small firms. Intermediary platforms can find solutions to many pressing problems of large organizations by engaging renowned scientists from all over world (substudy 6). Intermediary platforms can also bring breakthrough innovations with novel mechanisms (substudy 7). Large firms are not only able to garner ideas by engaging their customers through crowdsourcing but they can also build long-lasting relations with their customers (substudies 8 and 9). Embracing open innovation brings challenges for firms too.
Firms need to change their organizational structures in order to be able to fully benefit from open innovation. When crowdsourcing is successful, it produces a very large number of new ideas. This has the consequence that firms need to allocate a significant amount of resources in order to identify the most promising ideas. In an idea contest, customarily, only one or a few best ideas are rewarded (substudy 7). Sometimes, no reward is provided for the selected idea (substudies 8 and 9). Most of the ideas that are received are not implemented in practice
Q-operators for the open Heisenberg spin chain

AbstractWe construct Q-operators for the open spin-12 XXX Heisenberg spin chain with diagonal boundary matrices. The Q-operators are defined as traces over an infinite-dimensional auxiliary space involving novel types of reflection operators derived from the boundary Yang–Baxter equation. We argue that the Q-operators defined in this way are polynomials in the spectral parameter and show that they commute with transfer matrix. Finally, we prove that the Q-operators satisfy Baxter's TQ-equation and derive the explicit form of their eigenvalues in terms of the Bethe roots
Analytic representations of Yang–Mills amplitudes

AbstractScattering amplitudes in Yang–Mills theory can be represented in the formalism of Cachazo, He and Yuan (CHY) as integrals over an auxiliary projective space—fully localized on the support of the scattering equations. Because solving the scattering equations is difficult and summing over the solutions algebraically complex, a method of directly integrating the terms that appear in this representation has long been sought. We solve this important open problem by first rewriting the terms in a manifestly Möbius-invariant form and then using monodromy relations (inspired by analogy to string theory) to decompose terms into those for which combinatorial rules of integration are known. The result is the foundations of a systematic procedure to obtain analytic, covariant forms of Yang–Mills tree-amplitudes for any number of external legs and in any number of dimensions. As examples, we provide compact analytic expressions for amplitudes involving up to six gluons of arbitrary helicities