pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Zone design of specific sizes using adaptive additively weighted voronoi diagrams

Territory or zone design processes entail partitioning a geographic space, organized as a set of areal units, into different regions or zones according to a specific set of criteria that are dependent on the application context. In most cases, the aim is to create zones of approximately equal sizes (zones with equal numbers of inhabitants, same average sales, etc.). However, some of the new applications that have emerged, particularly in the context of sustainable development policies, are aimed at defining zones of a predetermined, though not necessarily similar, size. In addition, the zones should be built around a given set of seeds. This type of partitioning has not been sufficiently researched; therefore, there are no known approaches for automated zone delimitation. This study proposes a new method based on a discrete version of the adaptive additively weighted Voronoi diagram that makes it possible to partition a two-dimensional space into zones of specific sizes, taking both the position and the weight of each seed into account. The method consists of repeatedly solving a traditional additively weighted Voronoi diagram, so that each seed?s weight is updated at every iteration. The zones are geographically connected using a metric based on the shortest path. Tests conducted on the extensive farming system of three municipalities in Castile-La Mancha (Spain) have established that the proposed heuristic procedure is valid for solving this type of partitioning problem. Nevertheless, these tests confirmed that the given seed position determines the spatial configuration the method must solve and this may have a great impact on the resulting partition
A Vibrational Approach to Node Centrality and Vulnerability in Complex
  Networks

We propose a new measure of vulnerability of a node in a complex network. The
measure is based on the analogy in which the nodes of the network are
represented by balls and the links are identified with springs. We define the
measure as the node displacement, or the amplitude of vibration of each node,
under fluctuation due to the thermal bath in which the network is supposed to
be submerged. We prove exact relations among the thus defined node
displacement, the information centrality and the Kirchhoff index. The relation
between the first two suggests that the node displacement has a better
resolution of the vulnerability than the information centrality, because the
latter is the sum of the local node displacement and the node displacement
averaged over the entire network.Comment: 27 page
Boundary Quantum Field Theory on the Interior of the Lorentz Hyperboloid

We construct local, boost covariant boundary QFT nets of von Neumann algebras
on the interior of the Lorentz hyperboloid LH = {x^2 - t^2 > R^2, x>0}, in the
two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. Our first construction is canonical,
starting with a local conformal net on the real line, and is analogous to our
previous construction of local boundary CFT nets on the Minkowski half-space.
This net is in a thermal state at Hawking temperature. Then, inspired by a
recent construction by E. Witten and one of us, we consider a unitary semigroup
that we use to build up infinitely many nets. Surprisingly, the one-particle
semigroup is again isomorphic to the semigroup of symmetric inner functions of
the disk. In particular, by considering the U(1)-current net, we can associate
with any given symmetric inner function a local, boundary QFT net on LH. By
considering different states, we shall also have nets in a ground state, rather
than in a KMS state.Comment: 18 page
Gauge-boson propagator in out of equilibrium quantum-field system and the Boltzmann equation

We construct from first principles a perturbative framework for studying nonequilibrium quantum-field systems that include gauge bosons. The system of our concern is quasiuniform system near equilibrium or nonequilibrium quasistationary system. We employ the closed-time-path formalism and use the so-called gradient approximation. No further approximation is introduced. We construct a gauge-boson propagator, with which a well-defined perturbative framework is formulated. In the course of construction of the framework, we obtain the generalized Boltzmann equation (GBE) that describes the evolution of the number-density functions of gauge-bosonic quasiparticles. The framework allows us to compute the reaction rate for any process taking place in the system. Various processes, in turn, cause an evolution of the systems, which is described by the GBE
Time indeterminacy and spatio-temporal building transformations: an approach for architectural heritage understanding

Nowadays most digital reconstructions in architecture and archeology describe buildings heritage as awhole of static and unchangeable entities. However, historical sites can have a rich and complex history, sometimes full of evolutions, sometimes only partially known by means of documentary sources. Various aspects condition the analysis and the interpretation of cultural heritage. First of all, buildings are not inexorably constant in time: creation, destruction, union, division, annexation, partial demolition and change of function are the transformations that buildings can undergo
over time. Moreover, other factors sometimes contradictory can condition the knowledge about an historical site, such as historical sources and uncertainty. On one hand, historical documentation concerning past states can be heterogeneous, dubious, incomplete and even contradictory. On the other hand, uncertainty is prevalent in cultural heritage in various forms: sometimes it is impossible to define the dating period, sometimes the building original shape or yet its spatial position. This paper proposes amodeling approach of the geometrical representation of buildings, taking into account
the kind of transformations and the notion of temporal indetermination
Development and mechanical characterization of porous titanium bone substitutes

The authors wish to thank Dr J.-M. Hiver from Institut Jean Lamour, Ecole des Mines de Nancy for his participation in the computed tomography analysis of the porous samplesCommercially Pure Porous Titanium (CPPTi) can be used for surgical implants to avoid
the stress shielding effect due to the mismatch between the mechanical properties of
titanium and bone. Most researchers in this area deal with randomly distributed pores or
simple architectures in titanium alloys. The control of porosity, pore size and distribution
is necessary to obtain implants with mechanical properties close to those of bone and to ensure their osseointegration. The aim of the present work was therefore to develop and characterize such a specific porous structure. First of all, the properties of titanium made by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) were characterized through experimental testing on bulk specimens. An elementary pattern of the porous structure was then designed to mimic the orthotropic properties of the human bone following several mechanical and geometrical criteria. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to optimize the pattern. A porosity of 53% and pore sizes in the range of 860 to 1500 μm were finally adopted. Tensile tests on porous samples were then carried out to validate the properties obtained numerically and identif the failure modes of the samples. Finally, FE elastoplastic analyses were performed on the porous samples in order to propose a failure criterion for the design of porous substitutes
Uptake and release of double-walled carbon nanotubes by mammalian cells

Efforts to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nano-vehicles for precise and controlled drug and gene delivery, as well as markers for in vivo biomedical imaging, are currently hampered by uncertainties with regard to their cellular uptake, their fate in the body, and their safety. All of these processes are likely to be affected by the purity of CNT preparation, as well as the size and concentration of CNTs used, parameters that are often poorly controlled in biological experiments. It is demonstrated herein that under the experimental conditions of standard transfection methods, DWNTs are taken up by cultured cells but are then released after 24 h with no discernable stress response. The results support the potential therapeutic use of CNTs in many biomedical settings, such as cancer therapy
Biochemical composition of copepods for evaluation of feed quality in production of juvenile marine fish

To increase current knowledge on the nutritional value of natural prey organisms, the biochemical components of mainly three copepods (Acartia grani, Centropages hamatus, and Eurytemora affinis) from a marine pond system were analysed once a week from spring until late fall, over two years. The analysed components were total lipid, lipid class composition, total lipid fatty acid composition, free amino acids, total protein, protein-bound amino acids, pigment (astaxanthin and ß-carotene), and vitamins (A, thiamine, riboflavin, C, D3, and E). Copepod dry weight (DW), dry matter (% of wet weight), and ash content (% of DW) were also determined. The data are unique due to the homogenous content of copepods in the samples and the long time span of sampling. The copepods were characterised by moderate levels of lipids (6.9-22.5% of DW), with polar lipids accounting for 37.9 to70.2% of the total lipid. The most abundant fatty acids in total lipid (as % of total lipid) were 16:0 (palmitic acid, 10.8-17.1%), 20:5n-3 (EPA, 8.3-24.6%), and 22:6n-3 (DHA, 13.9-42.3%). The amount of 20:4n-6 (ARA) was generally low (0-2.6%), giving an EPA/ARA range between 7.5and 49.5. The DHA/EPA ratio was between 1.0 and 4.9. Free amino acids (FAA) constituted between 4.3 and 8.9% of copepod DW, and varied with salinity. Glycine, taurine, and arginine dominated FAA, and the fraction of indispensable amino acids varied between 15.5 and 26.8%. Protein, as back-calculated from the protein-bound amino acids (PAA), amounted to 32.7-53.6% of copepod DW, and contained a stable fraction of indispensable amino acids (37.3-43.2% of PAA). Glutamine/glutamic acid, asparagine/aspartic acid, leucine, alanine, and glycine were the most abundant PAA. Astaxanthin was abundant in the copepods (413-1422 μg/g DW), while ß-carotene was not found. High but variable concentrations of vitamin C (38-1232 μg/g DW) and vitamin E (23-209 μg/g DW) were found, while vitamin A and D3 occurred in trace amounts or were not detected. Detectable levels were found
 for both thiamine (3.5-46.0 μg/g DW) and riboflavin (23.2-35.7 μg/g DW). The data may generate an important base for improvement of live feed enrichment emulsions or formulated feeds used during larval and early juvenile stages in marine fish culture
Coping with production time variability via dynamic lead-time quotation

In this paper, we propose two dynamic lead-time quotation policies in an M/GI/1 type make-to-stock queueing system serving lead-time sensitive customers with a single type of product. Incorporating non-exponential service times in an exact method for make-to-stock queues is usually deemed difficult. Our analysis of the proposed policies is exact and requires the numerical inversion of the\ud
Laplace transform of the sojourn time of an order to be placed. The first policy assures that the long-run probability of delivering the product within the quoted lead-time is the same for all backlogged customers. The second policy is a refinement of the first which improves the profitability if customers are oversensitive to even short delays in delivery. Numerical results show that both policies perform close to the optimal policy that was characterized only for exponential service times. The new insight gained is that the worsening impact of the production time variability, which is felt\ud
significantly in systems accepting all customers by quoting zero lead times, decreases when dynamic lead-time quotation policies are employed
Sterically demanded unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines for dye-sensitized solar cells

Three new sterically demanding unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines have been designed and\ud
synthesized as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. All three unsymmetrical\ud
phthalocyanines have been completely characterized by elemental analyses, mass\ud
spectrometry, FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Visible, and fluorescence (steady-state and life-time)\ud
spectroscopies as well as electrochemical methods. Photophysical properties (absorption,\ud
emission and redox properties) indicate that the LUMO of unsymmetrical phthalocyanines\ud
lies above the TiO2 conduction band and HOMO is below the redox electrolyte. The\ud
experimental results are supported by DFT/TD-DFT studies. Electrochemical and in-situ\ud
spectroelectrochemical studies suggest that the redox reactions belong to the macrocyclic\ud
ring-based electron transfer processes. All three unsymmetrical phthalocyanines were tested\ud
in DSSC using I-/I3\ud
- redox electrolyte system
Efficient computation of current collection in bare electrodynamic tethers in and beyond OML regime

One key issue in the simulation of bare electrodynamic tethers (EDTs) is the accurate and fast computation of the collected current, an ambient dependent operation necessary to determine the Lorentz force for each time step. This paper introduces a novel semianalytical solution that allows researchers to compute the current distribution along the tether efficient and effectively under orbital-motion-limited (OML) and beyond OML conditions, i.e., if tether radius is greater than a certain ambient dependent threshold. The method reduces the original boundary value problem to a couple of nonlinear equations. If certain dimensionless variables are used, the beyond OML effect just makes the tether characteristic length L ∗   larger and it is decoupled from the current determination problem. A validation of the results and a comparison of the performance in terms of the time consumed is provided, with respect to a previous ad hoc solution and a conventional shooting method
Comparison of starts and turns of national and regional level swimmers by individualized-distance measurements

The aim of this study was to compare the race characteristics of the start and turn segments of national\ud
and regional level swimmers. In the study, 100 and 200-m events were analysed during the finals session of the\ud
Open Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) tournament. The “individualized-distance” method with two-dimensional direct linear transformation algorithm was used to perform race analyses.\ud
National level swimmers obtained faster velocities in all race segments and stroke comparisons,although significant inter-level differences in start velocity were only obtained in half (8 out of 16) of the analysed events. Higher level swimmers also travelled for longer start and turn distances but only in the race segments where the gain of speed was high. This was observed in the turn segments, in the backstroke and butterfly strokes and during the 200-m breaststroke event, but not in any of the freestyle\ud
events. Time improvements due to the appropriate extension of the underwater subsections appeared to be critical for the end race result and should be carefully evaluated by the “individualized-distance”\ud
method
Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Water Requirements: Effects of Mitigation

Potential changes in global and regional agricultural water demand for irrigation were investigated within a new socio-economic scenario, A2r, developed at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) with and without climate change, with and without mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Water deficits of crops were developed with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-IIASA Agro-ecological Zone model, based on daily water balances at 0.5 degrees latitude W 0.5 degrees longitude and then aggregated to regions and the globe. Future regional and global irrigation water requirements were computed as a function of both projected irrigated land and climate change and simulations were performed from 1990 to 2080.  Future trends for extents of irrigated land, irrigation water use, and withdrawals were computed, with specific attention given to the implications of climate change mitigation. Renewable water-resource availability was estimated under current and future climate conditions. Results suggest that mitigation of climate change may have significant positive effects compared with unmitigated climate change. Specifically, mitigation reduced the impacts of climate change on agricultural water requirements by about 40%, or 125-160 billion m3 (Gm3) compared with unmitigated climate. Simple estimates of future changes in irrigation efficiency and water costs suggest that by 2080 mitigation may translate into annual cost reductions of about 10 billion US$
Strong, tunable terahertz emission by two-color picosecond laser irradiation

It is shown by particle-in-cell simulations that powerful terahertz (THz) radiation can be generated by picosecond (ps) laser pulses below 10(14) W/cm(2) via a two-color laser scheme. At such laser intensities, increasing the laser duration can result in significant enhancement in THz intensities. From 0.03 ps to 0.9 ps the enhancement climbs to nearly 40x before saturating until 2 ps. This demonstrates that low intensity, readily available ps laser technology could be utilized for driving powerful THz sources. By contrast, for laser intensities high enough to completely ionize the gas medium, it is found that the THz emission decreases with increasing pulse duration: optimal conversion is found for few-femtosecond drivers
Dynamically generated gap from holography in the charged black brane with hyperscaling violation

We holographically investigate the effects of a dipole coupling between a fermion field and a U(1) gauge field on the dual fermionic sector in the charged gravity bulk with hyperscaling violation. We analytically study the features of the ultraviolet and infrared Green’s functions of the dual fermionic system and we show that as the dipole coupling and the hyperscaling violation exponent are varied, the fluid possess Fermi, marginal Fermi, non-Fermi liquid phases and also an additional Mott insulating phase. We find that the increase of the hyperscaling violation exponent which effectively reduces the dimensionality of the system makes it harder for the Mott gap to be formed. We also show that the observed duality between zeros and poles in the presence of a dipole moment coupling still persists in theories with hyperscaling violation
Probing gravitational dark matter

So far all evidences of dark matter (DM) come from   astrophysical and cosmological observations, due to the   gravitational interactions of DM. It is possible that the true DM   particle in the universe joins gravitational interactions only, but   nothing else. Such a Gravitational DM (GDM) may act as a weakly   interacting massive particle (WIMP), which is conceptually simple   and attractive.  In this work, we explore this direction by   constructing the simplest scalar GDM particle χs.  It   is a ℤ2 odd singlet under the standard model (SM)   gauge group, and naturally joins the unique dimension-4 interaction   with Ricci curvature, ξsχs2ℛ,  where   ξs is the dimensionless nonminimal coupling. We   demonstrate that this gravitational interaction ξsχs2ℛ,  together with Higgs-curvature nonminimal coupling term   ξhH†Hℛ, induces effective couplings   between χs2 and SM fields, and can account for the observed DM   thermal relic abundance. We analyze the annihilation cross sections   of GDM particles and derive the viable parameter space for realizing   the DM thermal relic density. We further study the direct/indirect   detections and the collider signatures of such a scalar GDM. These   turn out to be highly predictive and testable
Filling the gaps with PCO’s

Superstring perturbation theory is traditionally carried out by using picture-changing operators (PCO’s) to integrate over odd moduli. Naively the PCO’s can be inserted anywhere on a string worldsheet, but actually a constraint must be placed on PCO insertions to avoid spurious singularities. Accordingly, it has been long known that the simplest version of the PCO procedure is valid only locally on the moduli space of Riemann surfaces, and that a correct PCO-based algorithm to compute scattering amplitudes must be based on piecing together local descriptions. Recently, “vertical integration” was proposed as a relatively simple method to do this. Here, we spell out in detail what vertical integration means if carried out systematically. This involves a hierarchical procedure with corrections of high order. One might anticipate such a structure from the viewpoint of super Riemann surfaces
Holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity

The holographic entanglement entropy for the most general higher derivative gravity is investigated. We find a new type of Wald entropy, which appears on entangling surface without the rotational symmetry and reduces to usual Wald entropy on Killing horizon. Furthermore, we obtain a formal formula of HEE for the most general higher derivative gravity and work it out exactly for some squashed cones. As an important application, we derive HEE for gravitational action with one derivative of the curvature when the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We also study some toy models with non-zero extrinsic curvature. We prove that our formula yields the correct universal term of entanglement entropy for 4d CFTs. Furthermore, we solve the puzzle raised by Hung, Myers and Smolkin that the logarithmic term of entanglement entropy derived from Weyl anomaly of CFTs does not match the holographic result even if the extrinsic curvature vanishes. We find that such mismatch comes from the ‘anomaly of entropy’ of the derivative of curvature. After considering such contributions carefully, we resolve the puzzle successfully. In general, we need to fix the splitting problem for the conical metrics in order to derive the holographic entanglement entropy. We find that, at least for Einstein gravity, the splitting problem can be fixed by using equations of motion. How to derive the splittings for higher derivative gravity is a non-trivial and open question. For simplicity, we ignore the splitting problem in this paper and find that it does not affect our main results
Faster 64-bit universal hashing using carry-less multiplications

Intel and AMD support the Carry-less Multiplication (CLMUL) instruction set in their x64 processors. We use CLMUL to implement an almost universal 64-bit hash family (CLHASH). We compare this new family with what might be the fastest almost universal family on x64 processors (VHASH). We find that CLHASH is at least 60% faster. We also compare CLHASH with a popular hash function designed for speed (Google's CityHash). We find that CLHASH is 40% faster than CityHash on inputs larger than 64 bytes and just as fast otherwise
Enhanced spin – reorientation temperature and origin of magnetocapacitance in HoFeO3

We report on the increase in the spin reorientation temperature in HoFe0.5Cr0.5O3 compound by isovalent substitution (Cr3+) at the Fe-site and the magnetocapacitance in the HoFeO3 compound. Spin reorientation transition is evident around 50 K and 150 K for the x=0 and x=0.5 compounds respectively. The increase in the spin reorientation transition temperature in case of x=0.5 compound can be attributed to the domination of the Ho3+- Fe3+ interaction over the Fe3+- Fe3+ interaction. Decrease in Néel temperature from 643 K (x=0) to 273 K (x=0.5) can be ascribed to the decrease in the interaction between antiferromagnetically aligned Fe3+ moments as a result of the dilution of the Fe3+ moments with the Cr3+ addition. From the magnetization M vs. magnetic field H variation it is evident that the coercivity, HC decreases for x=0.5 compound, hinting the magnetic softening of the HoFeO3 compound. Observed magnetocapacitance could be due to lossy dielectric mechanism in the present compound. Indeed, present results would be helpful in understanding the physics behind rare- earth orthoferrites