pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Radio-optical orientation of E\/S0 galaxies: APM versus FIRST

We searched for extended radio sources in isolated E/S0 galaxies comparing the FIRST and APM catalogues for a single POSS plate. The 35 most promising candidates were visually inspected on the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) and on FIRST images: we find several spirals and interacting galaxies and a few E/S0s with very weak, marginally extended radio cores. The only double-lobed (previously known) radio source is a dumbbell. For the rest of the objects, all hosting small and weak radio sources, the DSS is inadequate to determine morphological types. Thus a significant increase in sample size will be a major effort
Unique White Dwarfs Accompanying Recycled Pulsars

I introduce the two classes of pulsar, white-dwarf binaries, and describe for each what we have learned from a specific system, PSR J1012+5307 and PSR B0655+64, respectively, summarising what has been done, presenting new results, and discussing what the future may hold. Briefly, for the companion of PSR J1012+5307 we find a DA spectrum, and infer a mass of about 0.16Msun, the lowest among all spectroscopically identified white dwarfs. Combined with a radial-velocity orbit, a neutron-star mass between 1.5 and 3.2Msun (95% conf.) is derived. The companion of PSR B0655+64 shows strong Swan C2 bands, i.e., it is a DQ star. Unlike anything reported for other DQs, however, it shows variations in strength of the bands by a factor two. Most likely, the variations are periodic, with a period of about 9.7h. This is substantially shorter than the 1-day orbital period, which can likely be understood in terms of its past evolution
Wide Field Spectroscopy and the Universe

In this short survey of the applications of wide-field, multi-object spectroscopy to galaxy evolution, large-scale structure and cosmology, I interleave summaries of the general goals and state of play in these fields with specific examples based on my own recent work. I first briefly review the goals and figures of merit for current and future redshift surveys, before examining some recent results from deep surveys in the field, cluster redshift surveys and surveys of large scale structure. I take a look beyond redshift surveys to other probes of galaxy evolution before concluding with a discussion of the future prospects for such studies using the next generation of wide-field, multi-object spectrographs on large telescopes
Nonlinear Gravitational Clustering in Expanding Universe

The gravitational clustering of collisionless particles in an expanding universe is modelled using some simple physical ideas. I show that it is possible to understand the nonlinear clustering in terms of three well defined regimes: (1) linear regime; (2) quasilinear regime which is dominated by scale-invariant radial infall and (3) nonlinear regime dominated by nonradial motions and mergers. Modelling each of these regimes separately I show how the nonlinear two point correlation function can be related to the linear correlation function in hierarchical models. This analysis leads to results which are in good agreement with numerical simulations thereby providing an explanation for numerical results. Using this model and some simple extensions, it is possible to understand the transfer of power from large to small scales and the behaviour of higher order correlation functions. The ideas presented here will also serve as a powerful analytical tool to investigate nonlinear clustering in different models
The Origin of Black Hole Entropy in String Theory

I review some recent work in which the quantum states of string theory which
are associated with certain black holes have been identified and counted. For
large black holes, the number of states turns out to be precisely the
exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This provides a statistical
origin for black hole thermodynamics in the context of a potential quantum
theory of gravity.Comment: 18 pages (To appear in the proceedings of the Pacific Conference on
  Gravitation and Cosmology, Seoul, Korea, February 1-6, 1996.
Politics with scandals. Germany and Britain in transnational perspective (1880-1914)

The end of the 19th century saw a lot of spectacular scandals throughout Western Europe. There were revelations of corruption and colonial violence, of adultery and homosexuality, and of abuse of power in politics and the conduct of members of the elite. By analyzing two dozen scandals in Great Britain and Germany, this article asks who initiated these scandals and how they were communicated. Furthermore, it discusses the consequences of different types of scandals. It reveals that it was often not the new popular press but rather politicians who actually initiated scandals. Influenced by the popular press, they chose new forms of communication that changed political culture. Tabloids were less significant in respect to political press than it has been assumed. Moreover, this article shows that scandals shaped norms and influenced political actions. The scandals were an expression of contemporary political culture and were at the same time transforming it.El final del siglo XIX asistió a una gran cantidad de escándalos en toda Europa occidental. Fueron revelaciones de corrupción y violencia colonial, adulterio y homosexualidad, abuso de poder en política y conducta de los miembros de la élite. Este artículo analiza en torno a dos docenas de escándalos en Gran Bretaña y Alemania, trazándolos hasta sus orígenes, revelando que estaban comunicados entre sí y exponiendo sus consecuencias. El estudio revela que los políticos, más que la prensa popular, fueron los que frecuentemente iniciaron los escándalos. Esos políticos, reaccionando ante el ascenso de la prensa popular, buscaron nuevas formas de comunicación que cambiaron la cultura política. Frente a lo que frecuentemente se ha asumido, los tabloides fueron mucho menos significativos que la prensa política en la emergencia y desarrollo de unos escándalos que fueron expresión de la cultura política contemporánea, y al mismo tiempo la transformaron
Sustainable consumption and happiness

One of the reasons for promoting sustainable consumption is that it may give rise to greater happiness of a greater number, at least in the long run. In this paper I explore the strength of that moral account. I take stock of the assumed effects of sustainable consumption on happiness and next review the empirical evidence for such effects on the present generation. I make also educated guesses about consequences for the happiness of later generations.
The evidence suggests that a shift to sustainable consumption involve a minor reduction of happiness, at least temporarily, but that we can live quite happy with less luxury. Sustainable consumption of the present generation will only add to the happiness of future generations if it prevents major ecological disasters or if exhaustion of resources will reduce to poverty. Moral justification of sustainable consumption can better appeal to the inherent value of the things it aims to sustain than on human happiness
Public Choice: an Overview

Public Choice  begins with the observation that in politics, as in economics, individuals and institutions compete for scarce resources and that, therefore, the same methods of analyses used by economists to explain the behaviour of consumers and producers might also serve well to explain the behaviour of governments and other (allegedly) “public-spirited” organisations . As Tullock (1988) succinctly put it, Public Choice is "the invasion of politics by economics".  Public Choice derives its rationale from the fact that, in many areas, 'political' and 'economic' considerations interact so that a proper understanding of issues in one field requires a complementary understanding of issues in the other. Although the incursion of the analytical methods of economics into political science - which is the hall-mark of  Public Choice - began in the 1950s, it was not until at least three decades later that the trickle became a flood. This chapter provides an overview of this field.
On the way to madness: the path from "Totality and infinity" to "Otherwise than being or beyond essence" in the thought of Emmanuel Levinas

The work of Emmanuel Levinas is an enigma: he is certain that I am responsible before the Other, that I owe the fact of my existence to his generosity. He becomes equally certain that I am mad. It is the contention of this thesis that the conflicting word chains through which Levinas' philosophy is articulated are the symptom of a struggle between the Kantian roots of his ethical commitments and the forces of `the anonymous'. It is an appreciation of the centrality of this latter category to his philosophical development, and its pathological ancestor in the Critique of Practical Reason, that enables us to understand why the dutiful domesticity of Totality and Infinity had to become the superlative psychosis of Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence.
A sensitivity study for full-field inversion of geoacoustic data with a towed array in shallow water

This paper presents some of the preliminary work aimed at estimating the ocean bottom
morphological structure in coastal waters using a towed array. In order to obtain an idea
of the expected performance of the system and draw some conclusions on its operation
this study presents the sensitivity of three processors to variations of: array length, source
and receiver positions, sensor noise, source frequency and frequency band. Conclusions
tend to demonstrate that cost function sensitivity to sound speed variations is higher
on the bottom top layers and it increases with array length. An increased sensitivity is
generally acompanied by a cost function non-monotonic behavior creating local minima
and making it more di cult to reach the global minimum. Attenuations have in general
small in
uence on the acoustic  eld structure and are therefore di cult to estimate.
Increasing the signal frequency band by incoherent module averaging has no signi cant
in
uence on sensitivity. A cost function relaying on the conventional matched  lter has
shown low sensitivity to sensor noise and is being extended to matching directional data
from bottom arrivals at several frequencies. Mismatch cases, mainly those related to
array/source relative position, will be also presented
Nitrate leaching under irrigated agriculture

9 pages, 2 figures, 29 references.--  Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on \ud
Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture \ud
Vimeiro, Portugal \ud
March 21-26, 1994.-- Publicado en el capítulo    V: Water Quality Management.In lhe last two or three decades nitrogen (N) fertilizers have been applied to\ud
agricultural soils at high rates to obtain higher crop yields. The increase in the nitrate\ud
concentration in both groundwaler and surface water is related to agricultural\ud
practices. The use of nitrogen fertilizers at rates higher than the rate of uplake by the\ud
plant increases the potential for increased nitrate leaching, as has been shown by Roth\ud
and Fox (1990) for nitrogen-fertilized corn.The research was carried out in the framework of contract No. STEP CT90-0032-C of\ud
the CE.Peer reviewe
Kilohertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries: a Review

This paper provides a review of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in low-mass X-ray binaries recently discovered with NASA's Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. It contains two tables that are up to date up to October 1st, 1997 with information about all kHz QPO phenomena so far reported. In the most straightforward interpretations, kHz QPO provide direct estimates of the millisecond spin rate of neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries and of the Kepler frequency at the inner edge of the accretion disk. If this is so, the accretion disk must penetrate nearly to the bottom of the potential well of these neutron stars. The kHz QPO then directly constrain the mass and radius of these neutron stars, and thereby the equation of state of high-density matter, and potentially allow the detection of major strong-field general-relativistic effects such as the existence of an innermost stable orbit, and frame dragging
X-ray variability and spectral scaling: a measure of BLR sizes in AGN

We apply a new method of determination of the size of the broad emission-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei. This method relates the radius of the broad-line region of AGN to the soft X-ray luminosity and spectral index. Comparing the BLR distances calculated from our photoionization scaling model to the BLR distances determined by reverberation mapping shows that the scaling law agrees with the $R\sim L^{1/2}$ empirical relation. We investigate a complimentary method of estimating the BLR distance - based on the Keplerian broadening of the emission lines and the central mass estimated from X-ray variability
Analyzing X-ray variability by State Space Models

In recent years, autoregressive models have had a profound impact on the description of astronomical time series as the observation of a stochastic process. These methods have advantages compared with common Fourier techniques concerning their inherent stationarity and physical background. If autoregressive models are used, however, it has to be taken into account that real data always contain observational noise often obscuring the intrinsic time series of the object. We apply the technique of a Linear State Space Model which explicitly models the noise of astronomical data and allows to estimate the hidden autoregressive process. As an example, we have analysed a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) observed with EXOSAT and found evidence for a relationship between the relaxation timescale and the spectral hardness
Reverberation Mapping and the Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei

Reverberation-mapping campaigns have revolutionized our understanding of AGN. They have allowed the direct determination of the broad-line region size, enabled mapping of the gas distribution around the central black hole, and are starting to resolve the continuum source structure. This review describes the recent and successful campaigns of the International AGN Watch consortium, outlines the theoretical background of reverberation mapping and the calculation of transfer functions, and addresses the fundamental difficulties of such experiments. It shows that such large-scale experiments have resulted in a ``new BLR'' which is considerably different from the one we knew just ten years ago. We discuss in some detail the more important new results, including the luminosity-size-mass relationship for AGN, and suggest ways to proceed in the near future
B[e] supergiants: What is their evolutionary status?

In this paper, we investigate the evolutionary status of B[e]~stars from the point of view of stellar evolution theory. We try to answer to the question of how massive hot supergiants --- i.e. evolved stars --- can be capable of producing a circumstellar disk. We find and discuss three possibilities: very massive evolved main sequence stars close to critical rotation due to their proximity to their Eddington-limit, blue supergiants which have just left the red supergiant branch, and single star merger remnants of a close binary system. While the latter process seems to be required to understand the properties of the spectroscopic binary R4 in the LMC, the other two scenarios may be capable of explaining the distribution of the B[e] stars in the HR~diagram. The three scenarios make different predictions about the duration of the B[e]~phase, the time integrated disk mass and the stellar properties during the B[e]~phase, which may ultimately allow to distinguish them observationally
Environmental Regulation through Voluntary Agreements

Voluntary agreements with polluting industries are becoming a popular alternative to
traditional environmental regulation. One reason may be that voluntary agreements can
reduce compliance costs of polluting industries. In this paper we develop a family of
simple policy formulation and implementation models enabling us to formally
characterize the policy environments that make voluntary agreements possible. The
main message of this paper is one of caution. Voluntary agreements that increase
compliance costs and reduce social welfare can not be ruled out. The analyses also
suggests that giving the legislative branch of government an effective power of veto
reduces (but does not eliminate) the possibility of welfare reducing voluntary agreements.
The Hanle Effect in 1D, 2D and 3D

This paper addresses the problem of scattering line polarization and the
Hanle effect in one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and
three-dimensional (3D) media for the case of a two-level model atom without
lower-level polarization and assuming complete frequency redistribution. The
theoretical framework chosen for its formulation is the QED theory of Landi
Degl'Innocenti (1983), which specifies the excitation state of the atoms in
terms of the irreducible tensor components of the atomic density matrix. The
self-consistent values of these density-matrix elements is to be determined by
solving jointly the kinetic and radiative transfer equations for the Stokes
parameters. We show how to achieve this by generalizing to Non-LTE polarization
transfer the Jacobi-based ALI method of Olson et al. (1986) and the iterative
schemes based on Gauss-Seidel iteration of Trujillo Bueno and Fabiani Bendicho
(1995). These methods essentially maintain the simplicity of the
Lambda-iteration method, but their convergence rate is extremely high. Finally,
some 1D and 2D model calculations are presented that illustrate the effect of
horizontal atmospheric inhomogeneities on magnetic and non-magnetic resonance
line polarization signals.Comment: 14 pages and 5 figure
Institute for Global Environmental Strategies

The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) is concerned with Earth science-related education, communication and outreach, and coordinating international Earth observation policy. IGES not only develops and implements educational programs for teachers and students, but also works closely with industry leaders, senior-level government representatives and decision makers throughout the world in the area of Earth observation. They have developed a group of learning activities entitled The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, which are available on the Web for use in the classroom. Educational levels: Intermediate elementary, Middle school
Post-AGB Stars in Globular Clusters and Galactic Halos

We discuss three aspects of post-AGB (PAGB) stars in old populations. (1) HST photometry of the nucleus of the planetary nebula (PN) K 648 in the globular cluster (GC) M15 implies a mass of 0.60 Msun, in contrast to the mean masses of white dwarfs in GCs of ~0.5 Msun. This suggests that K 648 is descended from a merged binary, and we infer that single Pop II stars do not produce visible PNe. (2) Yellow PAGB stars are the visually brightest stars in old populations (Mv ~ -3.3) and are easily recognizable because of their large Balmer jumps; thus they show great promise as a Pop II standard candle. Two yellow PAGB stars in the GC NGC 5986 have the same V magnitudes to within +/-0.05 mag, supporting an expected narrow luminosity function. (3) Using CCD photometry and a u filter lying below the Balmer jump, we have detected yellow PAGB stars in the halo of M31 and in its dwarf elliptical companion NGC 205. With the Milky Way zero point, we reproduce the Cepheid distance to M31, and find that NGC 205 is ~100 kpc further away than M31. The star counts imply a yellow PAGB lifetime of about 25,000 yr, and their luminosities imply masses near 0.53 Msun
Planets and Axisymmetric Mass Loss

Bipolar planetary nebulae (PNe), as well as extreme elliptical PNe are formed through the influence of a stellar companion. But half of all PN progenitors are not influenced by any stellar companion, and, as I show here, are expected to rotate very slowly on reaching the upper asymptotic giant branch; hence they expect to form spherical PNe, unless they are spun-up. But since most PNe are not spherical, I argue that about 50 percents of AGB stars are spun-up by planets, even planets having a mass as low as 0.01 times the mass of Jupiter, so they form elliptical PNe. The rotation by itself will not deform the AGB wind, but may trigger another process that will lead to axisymmetric mass loss, e.g., weak magnetic activity, as in the cool magnetic spots model. This model also explains the transition from spherical to axisymmetric mass loss on the upper AGB. For such low mass planets to substantially spin-up the stellar envelope, they should enter the envelope when the star reaches the upper AGB. This "fine-tuning" can be avoided if there are several planets on average around each star, as is the case in the solar system, so that one of them is engulfed when the star reaches the upper AGB
Circumstellar environment of RX Puppis

The symbiotic Mira, RX Pup, shows long-term variations in its mean light level due to variable obscuration by circumstellar dust. The last increase in extinction towards the Mira, between 1995 and 2000, has been accompanied by large changes in the degree of polarization in the optical and red spectral range. The lack of any obvious associated changes in the position angle may indicate the polarization variations are driven by changes in the properties of the dust grains (e.g. variable quantity of dust and variable particle size distribution, due to dust grain formation and growth) rather than changes in the viewing geometry of the scattering region(s), e.g. due to the binary rotation
The very lithium rich post-AGB SB2 binary HD172481

Double lined spectroscopic binaries in an evolved stage of evolution are expected to be extremely rare since they must consist of equally luminous and thus almost equally evolved objects, which requires an extremely similar initial mass. In this contribution we discuss such rare double evolved SB2 system: HD172481. This binary includes an F-type post-AGB object and an M-type AGB companion. The spectrum shows a surprisingly strong LiI 670.8nm line with an equivalent width of 54mA yielding a lithium abundance of log(Li)=3.6. Several explanations for this huge lithium content are explored
Spatial Distributions of Multiple Dust Components in the PPN/PN Dust Shells

We investigate spatial distributions of specific dust components in the circumstellar shells of a proto-planetary nebula candidate, HD 179821, and a planetary nebula, BD$+30^{\circ}$3639, by means of spectral imaging. With high-resolution ground-based images and ISO spectra in the mid-infrared, we can derive ``dust feature only'' maps by subtracting synthesized continuum maps from the observed images at the feature wavelength. Such spatially detailed information will help to develop models for the evolution of dust grains around evolved stars
Double-Mode Stellar Pulsations

The status of the hydrodynamical modelling of nonlinear multi-mode stellar
pulsations is discussed. The hydrodynamical modelling of steady double-mode
(DM) pulsations has been a long-standing quest that is finally being concluded.
Recent progress has been made thanks to the introduction of turbulent
convection in the numerical hydrodynamical codes which provide detailed results
for individual models. An overview of the modal selection problem in the HR
diagram can be obtained in the form of bifurcation diagrams with the help of
simple nonresonant amplitude equations that capture the DM phenomenon.Comment: 34 pages, to appear as a chapter in Nonlinear Stellar Pulsation in
  the Astrophysics and Space Science Library (ASSL), Editors: M. Takeuti & D.
  Sasselov (prints double column with pstops
  '2:0L@.9(22.0cm,-2cm)+1L@.9(22.0cm,11.0cm)' in.ps out.ps