pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Proofs as Executions

International audienceThis paper proposes a new interpretation of the logical contents of programs in the context of concurrent interaction, wherein proofs correspond to valid executions of a processes. A type system based on linear logic is used, in which a given process has many different types, each typing corresponding to a particular way of interacting with its environment and cut elimination corresponds to executing the process in a given interaction scenario. A completeness result is established, stating that every lock-avoiding execution of process in some environment corresponds to a particular typing. Besides traces, types contain precise information about the flow of control between a process and its environment, and proofs are interpreted as composable schedulings of processes. In this interpretation, logic appears as a way of making explicit the flow of causality between interacting processes
Picosecond laser structuration under high pressures: observation of boron nitride nanorods

International audienceWe report on picosecond UV-laser processing of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) at moderately high pressures above 500 bar. The main effect is specific to the ambient gas and laser pulse duration in the ablation regime: when samples are irradiated by 5 ps or 0.45 ps laser pulses in nitrogen gas environment, multiple nucleation of a new crystalline product - BN nanorods - takes place. This process is triggered on structural defects, which number density strongly decreases upon recrystallization. Non-linear photon absorption by adsorbed nitrogen molecules is suggested to mediate the nucleation-growth. High pressure is responsible for the confinement and strong backscattering of ablation products. A strong surface structuring also appears at longer 150-ps laser irradiation in similar experimental conditions. However, the transformed product in this case is amorphous strongly contaminated by boron suboxides BxOy
Combining transductive and active learning to improve object-based classification of remote sensing images

International audienceIn this letter, we propose a new active transductive learning (ATL) framework for object-based classification of satellite images. The framework couples graph-based label propagation with active learning (AL) to exploit positive aspects of the two learning settings. The transductive approach considers both labelled and unlabelled image objects to perform its classification as they are all available at training time while the AL strategy smartly guides the construction of the training set employed by the learner. The proposed framework was tested in the context of a land cover classification task using RapidEye optical imagery. A reference land cover map was elaborated over the whole study area in order to get reliable information about the performance of the ATL framework. The experimental evaluation under- lines that, with a reasonable amount of training data, our framework outperforms state of the art classification methods usually employed in the field of remote sensing
Floodplain hydrology in an Amazon floodplain lake (Lago Grande de Curuai)

International audienceThe floodplains of the Amazon basin influence the hydrology and fluxes of suspended solids and solutes on multiple scales. Our study focused on the floodplain of Lago Grande de Curuai (Obidos, Brazil), a 4000 km(2) segment of floodplain and local upland catchment representative of the lower Amazon. Based on in situ and satellite data acquired from 1997 to 2003, we calculated the exchanges of water between the floodplain and the river and determined the temporal dynamics of flooded area water derived from river flooding, rainfall, runoff, and exchange with groundwater annually for six years. The Amazon River dominated the inputs of water to the flooded area year-round, accounting about 77% of the annual total inputs; rainfall and runoff accounted for about 9% and 10%, respectively, while seepage from the groundwater system accounted for 4%. The hydrologic residence time of the take was about three months, and the floodplain made a net contribution of water to the river. The exported volume (net balance between water input and tosses) varied between 4.2 and 7.3 km(3) depending on the year and represented about 0.75 times the maximal storage reached each year
Strong chaos induced by close encounters with Ceres and Vesta

Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Reproduced with permission. Copyright ESO.International audienceWe consider the full Solar System including (1) Ceres and some of the main asteroids, (2) Pallas, (4) Vesta, (7) Iris, and (324) Bamberga. We show that close encounters among these small bodies induce strong chaotic behavior in their orbits and in those of many asteroids that are much more chaotic than previously thought. Even if space missions will allow very precise measurements of the positions of Ceres and Vesta, their motion will be unpredictable over 400 kyr. As a result, it will never be possible to recover the precise evolution of the Earth's eccentricity beyond 60 Myr. Ceres and Vesta thus appear to be the main limiting factors for any precise reconstruction of the Earth orbit, which is fundamental for the astronomical calibration of geological timescales. Moreover, collisions of Ceres and Vesta are possible, with a collision probability of 0.2% per Gyr
The RITS Conference: A Major Event of Biomedical Engineering in France

International audienceResearch in Imaging and HealTh TechnologieS (RITS) is a French scientific meeting dedicated to Biomedical Engineering. This biennial event has given rise to four special issues of IRBM since 2009. The present issue collects some research works presented by young researchers (first author being less than 32 years old). All of them submitted a full paper (instead of a long abstract) to the meeting in order to participate in the SFGBM competition. All the published papers followed the standard reviewing process
New sulfonated pyrrole and pyrrole 3-carboxylic acid copolymer membranes via track-etched templates

International audienceNew copolymers of polypyrrole and poly(3-carboxylic acid pyrrole) have been synthesized via a diaphragmatic method using a track-etched polycarbonate matrix. The presence of carboxylic acid substituents enables the introduction of new functionalities such as sulfonate groups. The resulting copolymer membranes with tubules microstructure have been characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and FT-IR. By SEM, it was observed that ion-track trajectories can cross. XPS, ToF-SIMS and FT-IR spec-troscopy showed that it was possible to attach other molecules to the membrane. The polypyrrole copolymer membranes have exceptional thermal stabilities, with decomposition observed at 900 °C
Ti3+ production under ionizing radiation in aluminoborosilicate glasses studied by EPR spectroscopy

International audienceReduction processes under irradiation of Ti4+ ions in aluminoborosilicate glasses have been studied by EPR spectroscopy at 20 K. Different parameters like the [Na]/[Ti] ratio and the integrated dose were analyzed in this work. Simulation of the Ti3+ ion EPR spectra has shown three different Ti3+ environment attributed to one [VI]Ti3+ and two [V]Ti3+ environment (square pyramid and trigonal bi-pyramid). The [VI]Ti3+ ion environment is observed only for higher [Na]/[Ti] ratios although the two others are observed for all values of the [Na]/[Ti] ratio considered
Upscaling nitrogen removal capacity from local hotspots to low stream orders’ drainage basins

International audienceDenitrification is the main process removing nitrate in river drainage basins and buffer input from agricultural land and limits aquatic ecosystem pollution. However, the identification of denitrification hotspots (for example, riparian zones), their role in a landscape context and the evolution oftheir overall removal capacity at the drainage basin scale are still challenging. The main approaches used (that is, mass balance method, denitrification proxies, and potential wetted areas) suffer from methodological drawbacks. We review these approaches and the key frameworks that have been proposed to date to formalize the understanding of the mechanisms driving denitrification: (i) Diffusion versus advection pathways of nitrate transfer, (ii) the biogeochemical hotspot, and (iii) the Damköhler ratio. Based on these frameworks, we propose to use high-resolution mapping of catchment  topography and landscape pattern to define both potential denitrification sites and the dynamic hydrologic modeling at a similar spatial scale (<10 km2). It would allow the quantification of cumulative denitrification activity at the small catchment scale, using spatially distributed Damköhler and Peclet numbers and biogeochemical proxies. Integration of existing frameworks with new tools and methods offers the potential for significant breakthroughs in the quantification and modeling of denitrification in small drainage basins. This can provide a basis for improved protection and restoration of surface water and groundwater quality
Optimal timing of CO2 mitigation policies for a cost-effectiveness model

International audienceThis paper deals with the regulation of greenhouse gases emissions related to climate change. We consider a stylized climate-economy sequential model and use a cost-effectiveness approach. The analytical study is based on a dynamic programming method. It provides both a tolerable ceiling of concentration and, under simple conditions involving the marginal abatement cost and emission functions, optimal and effective abatement rates. In particular, we prove how the cost effective abatement rate increases with time. Through the optimal time to act function, we examine in detail the role played by greenhouse gases absorption, growth and discount rates. We also analyze the paths from an intergenerational equity perspective. Numerical examples illustrate the general statements. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
The Mount Manengouba, a complex volcano of the Cameroon Line: Volcanic history, petrological and geochemical features

International audienceThe volcanic story of Mount Manengouba is related to four chronological stages: (1) forming of the early Manengouba shield volcano between 1.55 and 0.94 Ma, (2) building of the Eboga strato-cone between 0.94 and 0.89 Ma, (3) caldera collapse and silicic extrusions of the Elengoum Complex between 0.89 and 0.70 Ma, and (4) intra-caldera and flank activity between 0.45 and 0.11 Ma. The volume of the volcano is calculated at 320 km3 ± 5%. The volcanic rocks are attributed to two magmatic outputs. The first and main magma generation produced the shield volcano, the strato-cone, and the syn- to post-caldera extrusions, displaying a complete series from basanites to trachytes (magmatic Group 1). The second magma generation is limited to the late and flank activity evolving from basanites to trachy-phonolite (magmatic Group 2). Both magmatic groups belong to the under-saturated alkaline sodic series. Petrological calculations locate the magmatic reservoir between 37 and 39 km in the upper mantle for the Group 1 lavas, and between 42 and 44 km for the Group 2 lavas. Trachytes were generated in a secondary crustal reservoir. Magmatic series evolve with medium to low pressure fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, oxides, feldspar, and apatite. Significant crustal assimilation is evidenced in trachytes. The magma of Group 1 was generated with 3-6% of partial melting of a moderately enriched source containing 3-7% of garnet. Melting took place in the spinel to garnet transition zone located at 70-90 km and around 25 kb. The magma of Group 2 resulted from a slightly higher partial melting from a less garnet-rich source that indicates uprising of the melting column in the upper part of transition zone. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data of the Manengouba rocks and neighboring lavas are analyzed and compared with those of the mafic lavas of the CVL. Three source components are distinguished: a depleted component originated from the asthenospheric swell, a radiogenic component linked to the contaminated lithosphere of the Neoproterozoic mobile belt, and an enriched component or the lithosphere possibly related to pre-rifting magmatic processes
Microbiotic soil crusts in the Sahel of Western Niger and their influence on Soil POROSITY and water dynamics

International audienceMicrobiotic soil crusts are common features of the surface of fallow land in Western Niger. We investigated the interaction between these microbial covers and the porosity and water dynamics of soils at the surface of a Sahelian landscape. The soil pore system was examined by microscopic observations and mercury porosimetry. The soil water retention capacity was measured using a Richard pressure membrane apparatus. Runoff measurements were performed in situ at a one m2 scale under natural rainfall. Samples with dense cyanobacterial cover had microbially-originated pores ranging from 0.04 and 50 μm in size. These samples also showed higher total soil porosity and retained two to four times more water than samples with thin microbial cover. These properties are closely related to the hydrophobic nature of cyanobacterial components. Final runoff values obtained on densely covered surfaces were significantly higher compared to those measured on surfaces with thin microbial cover due to the geometry of the microbially-originated pore system and its functioning
Estimation of the annual organic carbon yield related to carbonated rocks chemical weathering : implications for the global organic carbon cycle understanding.

The aim of this paper is to propose an initial estimation of the annual organic matter yield induced by chemical weathering of carbonates and shales, considering their global surface at outcrop and their organic matter content. The calculation also uses data on river fluxes resulting from carbonate rocks and shales weathering in major world watersheds, published by numerous authors. The results obtained from the studied watersheds have then been extrapolated to a global scale. Despite rather large uncertainty to such an approach, the calculated value of ca. 0.1 Gt implies that the annual organic carbon yield related to carbonates and shales chemical weathering might be a non-negligible component of the global carbon cycle. The individual contributions of different watersheds necessarily depend on the organic matter content of altered rocks. They are also obviously controlled by climatic parameters. The calculated yields do not constitute a direct supply to soils and rivers because of mineralisation when organic carbon is brought in contact with the atmosphere. Even so, the release of fossil organic matter would have implications for the global carbon cycle through the efficiency of the global chemical weathering as a carbon sink. Whatever the chosen hypothesis, the results of this study suggest that the recycled organic yield is a neglected component in the global organic carbon cycle assessment. Because it exists and, in addition, because it might represent a non-negligible carbon pool, fossil organic carbon deserves to be taken into account for a better evaluation of the organic stocks in soils and rivers presently only based on climatic data and current vegetal production
Turbulence attenuation by large neutrally buoyant particles

International audienceTurbulence modulation by inertial-range-size, neutrally-buoyant particles is investigated experimentally in a von Kármán flow. Increasing the particle volume fraction Φ v , maintaining constant impellers Reynolds number attenuates the fluid turbulence. The inertial-range energy transfer rate decreases as ∝ Φ 2/3 v , suggesting that only particles located on a surface affect the flow. Small-scale turbulent properties, such as structure functions or acceleration distribution, are unchanged. Finally , measurements hint at the existence of a transition between two different regimes occurring when the average distance between large particles is of the order of the thickness of their boundary layers. Introducing impurities in a developed turbulent flow has drastic effects on the mechanisms of energy transfer and dissipation. A minute amount of polymer additives causes for instance drag reduction. 1 In such visco-elastic fluids, the coupling between the local flow and the polymers stretching can be modeled in order to quantify the exchanges between kinetic and elastic energies and to interpret turbulent drag reduction as a suppression of large velocity gradients. 2 The mechanisms at play in turbulent suspensions of finite-size spherical particles are much more intricate and turbulence can either be enhanced or suppressed
Development of 55 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the critically endangered L. (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Percidae) and cross-species amplification in five other percids

International audienceBy combining biotin-enrichment protocol and next generation pyrosequencing, through 454 GS-FLX Titanium technology, 55 polymorphic microsatellites loci with perfect motif were isolated from the Rhone streber (), a critically endangered European fish species. Eight multiplex PCR kits were optimised in order to genotype a total of 58 polymorphic loci, including three previously published loci. The level of genetic diversity was assessed for 68 , 30 , 33 and four individuals. Amplification success was also assessed on and using single individuals. These markers will be useful to investigate the population structure of the highly fragmented Rhone streber. They represent a powerful tool for conservation issues and evolutionary approaches of this endemic species. Moreover, part of our markers demonstrated applicability to other percid species, allowing for potential applications to fisheries and aquaculture management
Modular Compilation of a Synchronous Language

International audienceSynchronous languages rely on formal methods to ease the development of applications in an efficient and reusable way. Formal methods have been advocated as a means of increasing the reliability of systems, especially those which are safety or business critical. It is still difficult to develop automatic specification and verification tools due to limitations like state explosion, undecidability, etc... In this work, we design a new specification model based on a reactive synchronous approach. Then, we benefit from a formal framework well suited to perform compilation and formal validation of systems. In practice, we design and implement a special purpose language (LE) and its two semantics the behavioural semantics helps us to define a program by the set of its behaviours and avoid ambiguousness in programs' interpretation; the execution equational semantics allows the modular compilation of programs into software and hardware targets (C code, Vhdl code, Fpga , synthesis, Verification tools). Our approach is pertinent considering the two main requirements of critical realistic applications: the modular compilation allows us to deal with large systems, the model-driven approach provides us with formal validation
Milli-arcsecond Astrophysics with VSI, the VLTI Spectro-imager in the ELT Era

8 pages. To be published in the proceedings of the ESO workshop "Science with the VLT in the ELT Era", held in Garching (Germany) on 8-12 October 2007, A. Moorwood editor.Nowadays, compact sources relatively warm like surfaces of nearby stars, circumstellar environments of stars from early stages to the most evolved ones and surroundings of active galactic nuclei can be investigated at milli-arcsecond scales only with the VLT in its interferometric mode. We propose a spectro-imager, named VSI (VLTI spectro-imager), which is capable to probe these sources both over spatial and spectral scales in the near-infrared domain. This instrument will provide information complementary to what is obtained at the same time with ALMA at different wavelengths and the extreme large telescopes
Extending the Standard Execution Model of UML for Real-Time Systems

International audienceThe ongoing OMG standard on the "Semantics of a Foundational Subset for Executable UML Models" identifies a subset of UML (called fUML, for Foundational UML), for which it defines a general-purpose execution model. This execution model therefore captures an executable semantics for fUML, providing an unambiguous basis for various kinds of model-based exploitations (model transformation, code generation, analysis, simulation, debugging etc.). This kind of facility is of great interest for the domain of real time systems, where analysis of system behavior is very sensible. One may therefore wonder if the general-purpose execution model of fUML can be used to reflect execution semantics concerns of real-time systems (e.g., concurrency, synchronization, and scheduling.). It would practically mean that it is possible to leverage on this precise semantic foundation (and all the work that its definition implied) to capture the precise execution semantics of real-time systems. In this paper, we show that this approach is not directly feasible, because of the way concurrency and asynchronous communications are actually handled in the fUML execution model. However, we show that introducing support for these aspects is technically feasible and reasonable in terms of effort and we propose lightweight modifications of the Execution model to illustrate our purpose
Equivalent transformation strain and its relation with martensite volume fraction for isotropic and anisotropic shape memory alloys.

International audienceThe present paper deals with the superelastic behavior of both isotropic and anisotropic shape memory alloys (SMA). Recently, a macroscopic model, which permits to simulate the superelasticity of SMA under complex multi-axial loading, has been proposed by Bouvet et al. [Bouvet, C., Calloch, S., Lexcellent, C., 2004. A phenomenological model for pseudoelasticity of shape memory alloys under multi-axial proportional and non-proportional loadings. Eur. J. Mech. A Solids 23, 37-61]. In this model, a conjecture concerning the proportionality of the equivalent transformation strain with the martensite volume fraction has been adopted. The main goal of this study is to show the validity of this conjecture when the stress state is multi-axial. In a first part, the case of isotropic SMA is considered. An equivalent stress and an equivalent transformation strain are introduced. In the second section, the case of anisotropic SMA is considered. The previous equivalent stress and equivalent transformation strain are generalized to take into account the anisotropy of the material. The relation between the equivalent transformation strain and the martensite volume fraction is discussed by using, on one hand, experimental results under proportional tension-torsion loadings and, on the other hand, a polycrystalline model