pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for top quark partners with charge 5/3 in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for the production of heavy partners of the top quark with charge 5/3 (X[5/3]) decaying into a top quark and a W boson is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Final states with either a pair of same-sign leptons or a single lepton, along with jets, are considered. No significant excess is observed in the data above the expected standard model background contribution and an X[5/3] quark with right-handed (left-handed) couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1020 (990) GeV. These are the first limits based on a combination of the same-sign dilepton and the single-lepton final states, as well as the most stringent limits on the X[5/3] mass to date
Comparative analysis of relevance feedback methods based on two user studies

Rigorous analysis of user interest in web documents is essential for the development of recommender systems. This paper investigates the relationship between the implicit parameters and user explicit rating during their search and reading tasks. The objective of this paper is therefore three-fold: firstly, the paper identifies the implicit parameters which are statistically correlated with the user explicit rating through user study 1. These parameters are used to develop a predictive model which can be used to represent users’ perceived relevance of documents. Secondly, it investigates the reliability and validity of the predictive model by comparing it with eye gaze during a reading task through user study 2. Our findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the predictive model based on implicit indicators and eye gaze within the context examined. Thirdly, we measured the consistency of user explicit rating in both studies and found significant consistency in user explicit rating of document relevance and interest level which further validates the predictive model. We envisage that the results presented in this paper can help to develop recommender and personalised systems for recommending documents to users based on their previous interaction with the system
Role of low pressure areas in the absence of tropical disturbances during monsoon months in India

In this study an effort has been made to find out the contribution of low pressure areas (or lows) towards the rainfall of northern and central India during the monsoon months of June to September in the absence of more intense cyclonic disturbances such as depressions, deep depressions and cyclonic storms. 15 years of data from 1983 to 1997 has been used to study this aspect. This study has shown that the occurrence of moderate to heavy rainfall mainly depends upon their frequency, life span, track followed and origin of these disturbances provided there are no inhibiting meteorological factors like 'break' monsoon situations
Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables: challenges and future directions

Although satellite-based variables have for long been expected to be key components to a unified and global biodiversity monitoring strategy, a definitive and agreed list of these variables still remains elusive. The growth of interest in biodiversity variables observable from space has been partly underpinned by the development of the essential biodiversity variable (EBV) framework by the Group on Earth Observations – Biodiversity Observation Network, which itself was guided by the process of identifying essential climate variables. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by updating the previously published definition of EBV, providing a definition of satellite remote sensing (SRS) EBVs and introducing a set of principles that are believed to be necessary if ecologists and space agencies are to agree on a list of EBVs that can be routinely monitored from space. Progress toward the identification of SRS-EBVs will require a clear understanding of what makes a biodiversity variable essential, as well as agreement on who the users of the SRS-EBVs are. Technological and algorithmic developments are rapidly expanding the set of opportunities for SRS in monitoring biodiversity, and so the list of SRS-EBVs is likely to evolve over time. This means that a clear and common platform for data providers, ecologists, environmental managers, policy makers and remote sensing experts to interact and share ideas needs to be identified to support long-term coordinated action
Endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm in 15-years' follow-up of the UK endovascular aneurysm repair trial 1 (EVAR trial 1): a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Short-term survival benefits of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) versus open repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysms have been shown in randomised trials, but this early survival benefit is lost after a few years. We investigated whether EVAR had a long-term survival benefit compared with open repair. METHODS: We used data from the EVAR randomised controlled trial (EVAR trial 1), which enrolled 1252 patients from 37 centres in the UK between Sept 1, 1999, and Aug 31, 2004. Patients had to be aged 60 years or older, have aneurysms of at least 5·5 cm in diameter, and deemed suitable and fit for either EVAR or open repair. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) using computer-generated sequences of randomly permuted blocks stratified by centre to receive either EVAR (n=626) or open repair (n=626). Patients and treating clinicians were aware of group assignments, no masking was used. The primary analysis compared total and aneurysm-related deaths in groups until mid-2015 in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered at ISRCTN (ISRCTN55703451). FINDINGS: We recruited 1252 patients between Sept 1, 1999, and Aug 31, 2004. 25 patients (four for mortality outcome) were lost to follow-up by June 30, 2015. Over a mean of 12·7 years (SD 1·5; maximum 15·8 years) of follow-up, we recorded 9·3 deaths per 100 person-years in the EVAR group and 8·9 deaths per 100 person-years in the open-repair group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·11, 95% CI 0·97-1·27, p=0·14). At 0-6 months after randomisation, patients in the EVAR group had a lower mortality (adjusted HR 0·61, 95% CI 0·37-1·02 for total mortality; and 0·47, 0·23-0·93 for aneurysm-related mortality, p=0·031), but beyond 8 years of follow-up open-repair had a significantly lower mortality (adjusted HR 1·25, 95% CI 1·00-1·56, p=0·048 for total mortality; and 5·82, 1·64-20·65, p=0·0064 for aneurysm-related mortality). The increased aneurysm-related mortality in the EVAR group after 8 years was mainly attributable to secondary aneurysm sac rupture (13 deaths [7%] in EVAR vs two [1%] in open repair), with increased cancer mortality also observed in the EVAR group. INTERPRETATION: EVAR has an early survival benefit but an inferior late survival compared with open repair, which needs to be addressed by lifelong surveillance of EVAR and re-intervention if necessary. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research, Camelia Botnar Arterial Research Foundation.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Measurement of the cross section and angular correlations for associated production of a Z boson with b hadrons in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV

A study of proton-proton collisions in which two b hadrons are produced in association with a Z boson is reported. The collisions were recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeVwith the CMS detector at the LHC, for an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb−1. The b hadrons are identified by means of displaced secondary vertices, without the use of reconstructed jets, permitting the study of b-hadron pair production at small angular separation. Differential cross sections are presented as a function of the angular separation of the b hadrons and the Z boson. In addition, inclusive measurements are presented. For both the inclusive and differential studies, different ranges of Z boson momentum are considered, and each measurement is compared to the predictions from different event generators at leading-order and next-to-leading-order accuracy
Associated production of a Kaluza-Klein excitation of a gluon with a t
  t(bar) pair at the LHC

In Randall-Sundrum models, the Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the gluon,
g_{KK} have enhanced couplings to the right-handed quarks. In the absence of a
gg g_{KK} coupling in these models, the single production of a g_{KK} from an
initial gg state is not possible. The search for other production mechanisms at
the LHC, therefore, becomes important. We suggest that the associated
production of a g_{KK} with a t t(bar) pair is such a mechanism. Our study
shows that through this process the LHC can probe KK gluon masses in the range
of 2.8 -- 2.9 TeV.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
The nonlinear effects in 2DEG conductivity investigation by an acoustic
  method

The parameters of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in a GaAs/AlGaAs
heterostructure were determined by an acoustical (contactless) method in the
delocalized electrons region ($B\le$2.5T). Nonlinear effects in Surface
Acoustic Wave (SAW) absorption by 2DEG are determined by the electron heating
in the electric field of SAW, which may be described in terms of electron
temperature $T_e$. The energy relaxation time $\tau_{\epsilon}$ is determined
by the scattering at piezoelectric potential of acoustic phonons with strong
screening. At different SAW frequencies the heating depends on the relationship
between $\omega\tau_{\epsilon}$ and 1 and is determined either by the
instantaneously changing wave field ($\omega\tau_{\epsilon}$$<1$), or by the
average wave power ($\omega\tau_{\epsilon}$$>1$).Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 PS-figures, submitted to Physica Status
  Sol.(Technical corrections in PS-figs
Search for R-Parity violating Supersymmetry with the D0 Detector

Searches for R-parity violating supersymmetry with the D0 detector at the
Fermilab Tevatron ppbar-collider are presented. In the case of non-zero LLE
couplings lambda_ijk>=0.01, multi-lepton final states, and for a small coupling
lambda_122<<0.01 di-muon final states are studied. The case of non-zero LQD
coupling lambda'_211 leads to final states with two muons and jets. A total
integrated luminosity of 0.38 fb-1 collected between April 2002 and August 2004
is utilized. The observed numbers of events are in agreement with the Standard
Model expectation, and limits on RPV supersymmetry are derived, extending
significantly previous bounds.Comment: to appear in Proceedings of SUSY06, the 14th International Conference
  on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, UC Irvine,
  California, 12-17 June 200
Phase structure of CP(N-1) model with topological term

CP(N-1) model with topological term is numerically studied. The topological
charge distribution P(Q) is calculated and then transformed to the partition
function Z($\theta$) as a function of $\theta$ parameter. In the strong
coupling region, P(Q) shows a gaussian behavior, which indicates a first order
phase transition at $\theta =\pi$. In the weak coupling region,
  P(Q) deviates from gaussian. A bending behavior of resulting F($\theta$) at
$\theta \neq \pi$, which might be a signal of a first order phase transition,
could be misled by large errors coming from the fourier transform of P(Q).
Results are shown mainly for CP(3) case.Comment: 3 pages, 2 eps figures, LATTICE98(confine
Heavy quark colorimetry of QCD matter

We consider propagation of heavy quarks in QCD matter. Because of large quark
mass, the radiative quark energy loss appears to be qualitatively different
from that of light quarks at all energies of practical importance. Finite quark
mass effects lead to an in-medium enhancement of the heavy-to-light D/\pi ratio
at moderately large (5--10 GeV) transverse momenta. For hot QCD matter a large
enhancement is expected, whose magnitude and shape are exponentially sensitive
to the density of colour charges in the medium.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, LaTe
Skyrmions and pentaquarks in the quark-hadron continuity perspective

We argue that in the color-flavor-locking (CFL) superconducting phase
classical soliton solutions can exist, whose excitations should be interpreted
as states formed by a quark (or an antiquark) and condensed diquarks. This
finding extends the picture of quark-hadron-continuity showing the existence of
a region, intermediate between the CFL and the hypernuclear phase, where chiral
solitons and Nambu Goldstone bosons can exist. We derive an expression of the
soliton mass in terms of the QCD coupling, $g_s$, and the Nambu Goldstone boson
parameters. From the quark-hadron continuity we can draw an argument in favor
of the interpretation of the $\Theta^+(1540)$ particle in terms of a strange
antiquark and two highly correlated $ud$ pairs (diquarks).Comment: 12 pages, LaTex. 2 figures. Final version for Physics Letters
Dyonic Black Hole and Holography

We study thermodynamic properties of dyonic black hole and its dual field
theory. We observe that the phase diagram of a dyonic black hole in constant
electric potential and magnetic charge ensemble is similar to that of a Van der
Waals fluid with chemical potential. Phase transitions and other critical
phenomena have been studied in presence of magnetic charge and chemical
potential. We also analyse magnetic properties of dual conformal field theory
and observe a ferromagnetic like behavior of boundary theory when the external
magnetic field vanishes. Finally, we compute susceptibility of different phases
of boundary CFT and find that, depending on the strength of the external
magnetic field and temperature, these phases are either paramagnetic or
diamagnetic.Comment: 0+36 pages, 15 figure
Fractional chaotic inflation in the lights of PLANCK and BICEP2

In the lights of current BICEP2 observations accompanied with the PLANCK
satellite results, it has been observed that the simple single field chaotic
inflationary models provide a good agreement with their spectral index n_s and
large tensor-to-scalar ratio r (0.15 <r <0.26). To explore the other simple
models, we consider the fractional-chaotic inflationary potentials of the form
V_0 phi^(a/b) where a and b are relatively prime. We show that such kind of
inflaton potentials can be realized elegantly in the supergravity framework
with generalized shift symmetry and a nature bound a/b < 4 for consistency.
Especially, for the number of e-folding from 50 to 60 and some a/b from 2 to 3,
our predictions are nicely within at least 1 $\sigma$ region in the r-n_s
plane. We also present a systematic investigation of such chaotic inflationary
models with fractional exponents to explore the possibilities for the
enhancement in the magnitude of running of spectral index (\alpha_{n_s}) beyond
the simplistic models.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, references added, published in PL
Isotopic 32S/33S ratio as a diagnostic of presolar grains from novae

Measurements of sulphur isotopes in presolar grains can help to identify the
astrophysical sites in which these grains were formed. A more precise
thermonuclear rate of the 33S(p,gamma)34Cl reaction is required, however, to
assess the diagnostic ability of sulphur isotopic ratios. We have studied the
33S(3He,d)34Cl proton-transfer reaction at 25 MeV using a high-resolution
quadrupole-dipole-dipole-dipole magnetic spectrograph. Deuteron spectra were
measured at ten scattering angles between 10 and 55 degrees. Twenty-four levels
in 34Cl over Ex = 4.6 - 5.9 MeV were observed, including three levels for the
first time. Proton spectroscopic factors were extracted for the first time for
levels above the 33S+p threshold, spanning the energy range required for
calculations of the thermonuclear 33S(p,gamma)34Cl rate in classical nova
explosions. We have determined a new 33S(p,gamma)34Cl rate using a Monte Carlo
method and have performed new hydrodynamic nova simulations to determine the
impact on nova nucleosynthesis of remaining nuclear physics uncertainties in
the reaction rate. We find that these uncertainties lead to a factor of less
than 5 variation in the 33S(p,gamma)34Cl rate over typical nova peak
temperatures, and variation in the ejected nova yields of S--Ca isotopes by
less than 20%. In particular, the predicted 32S/33S ratio is 110 - 130 for the
nova model considered, compared to 110 - 440 with previous rate uncertainties.
As recent type II supernova models predict ratios of 130 - 200, the 32S/33S
ratio may be used to distinguish between grains of nova and supernova origin.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, Phys. Lett. B (in press
Multi-Instantons, Supersymmetry and Topological Field Theories

In this letter we argue that instanton-dominated Green's functions in N=2
Super Yang-Mills theories can be equivalently computed either using the
so-called constrained instanton method or making reference to the topological
twisted version of the theory. Defining an appropriate BRST operator (as a
supersymmetry plus a gauge variation), we also show that the expansion
coefficients of the Seiberg-Witten effective action for the low-energy degrees
of freedom can be written as integrals of total derivatives over the moduli
space of self-dual gauge connections.Comment: 10 pages, latex2
Momentum correlations of charmed pairs produced in $\pi^{-}$-Cu interactions at 230 GeV/c

We study the production characteristics of 557 pairs of charmed hadrons produced in $\pi^{-}-$ Cu interactions at 230 GeV/c using a momentum estimator for charmed hadrons with missing decay products. We find, the mean value of the transverse momentum squared of the charmed pairs is $<p^{2}_{T, sum}>=(1.98 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.09)$; GeV$^{2}$/c$^{2}$, the mean rapidity difference is $<|y_{diff}|>=0.54 \pm 0.02 \pm 0.24$, and the mean effective mass is $<M_{eff}>=(4.45 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.13)$; GeV/c$^{2}$. Comparing these results with the next-to-leading order QCD predictions we find an agreement for the $y_{diff}$ and $M_{eff}$, whilst the measured mean value of $<p^{2}_{T, sum}>$ is significantly larger than the predicted value.We study the production characteristics of 557 pairs of charmed hadrons produced in π − -Cu interactions at 230 GeV/c using a momentum estimator for charmed hadrons with missing decay products. We find: the mean value of the transverse momentum squared of the charmed pairs is 〈 p T , sum 2 〉 = (1.98 ± 0.11 ± 0.09) GeV 2 /c 2 , the mean rapidity difference is 〈 | y diff | 〉 = 0.54 ± 0.02 ± 0.24, and the mean effective mass is 〈 M eff 〉 = (4.45 ± 0.03 ± 0.13) GeV/c 2 . Comparing these results with the next-to-leading order QCD predictions we find an agreement for y diff and M eff , whilst the measured mean value of p T , sum 2 is significantly larger than the predicted value
Nuclear Parton Distributions: a DGLAP Analysis

Nuclear parton distributions $f_A(x,Q^2)$ are studied within a framework of the DGLAP evolution. Measurements of $F_2^A/F_2^D$ in deep inelastic $lA$ collisions, and Drell--Yan dilepton cross sections measured in $pA$ collisions are used as constraints. Also conservation of momentum and baryon number is required. It is shown that the calculated $Q^2$ evolution of $F_2^{\rm Sn}/F_2^{\rm C}$ agrees very well with the recent NMC data, and that the ratios $R_f^A=f_A/f$ are only moderately sensitive to the choice of a specific modern set of free parton distributions. For general use, we offer a numerical parametrization of $R_f^A(x,Q^2)$ for all parton flavours $f$ in $A>2$, and at $10^{-6}\le x \le 1$ and $2.25 {\rm GeV}^2\le Q^2\le 10^4 {\rm GeV}^2$
A jet-disk symbiosis model for $\gamma$ Ray Bursts: fluence distribution, CRs and $\nu$'s

We consider a jet-disk symbiosis model to explain Gamma Ray Bursts and their afterglows. It is proposed that GRBs are created inside a pre-existing jet from a neutron star in a binary system which collapses to a black hole due to accretion. In our model we assume that a fraction of the initial energy due to this transition is deposited in the jet by magnetic fields. The observed emission is then due to an ultrarelativistic shock wave propagating along the jet. Good agreement with observational data can be obtained for systems such as the Galactic jet source SS433. Specifically, we are able to reproduce the typical observed afterglow emission flux, its spectrum as a function of time, and the fluence distribution of the corrected data for the 4B BATSE catalogue. We also studied the relation between the cosmological evolution of our model and the cosmic ray energy distribution. We used the Star Formation Rate (SFR) as a function of redshift to obtain the distribution in fluences of GRBs in our model. The fluence in the gamma ray band has been used to calculate the energy in cosmic rays both in our Galaxy and at extragalactic distances. This energy input has been compared with the Galactic and extragalactic spectrum of cosmic rays and neutrinos. We found that in the context of our model it is not possible to have any contribution from GRBs to either the extragalactic or the Galactic cosmic ray spectra
On the Uniqueness of the Twisted Representation in the Z_2 Orbifold
  Construction of a Conformal Field Theory from a Lattice

Following on from recent work describing the representation content of a
meromorphic bosonic conformal field theory in terms of a certain state inside
the theory corresponding to a fixed state in the representation, and using work
of Zhu on a correspondence between the representations of the conformal field
theory and representations of a particular associative algebra constructed from
it, we construct a general solution for the state defining the representation
and identify the further restrictions on it necessary for it to correspond to a
ground state in the representation space. We then use this general theory to
analyze the representations of the Heisenberg algebra and its $Z_2$-projection.
The conjectured uniqueness of the twisted representation is shown explicitly,
and we extend our considerations to the reflection-twisted FKS construction of
a conformal field theory from a lattice.Comment: 27 pages LaTeX. Typos corrected -- no major change
Spin-dependent recombination - an electronic readout mechanism for solid
  state quantum computers

It is shown that coherent spin motion of electron-hole pairs localized in
band gap states of silicon can influence charge carrier recombination. Based on
this effect, a readout concept for silicon based solid-state spin--quantum
computers as proposed by Kane is suggested. The 31P quantum bit (qbit) is
connected via hyperfine coupling to the spin of the localized donor electron.
When a second localized and singly occupied electronic state with an energy
level deep within the band gap or close to the valence edge is in proximity, a
gate controlled exchange between the 31P nucleus and the two electronic states
can be activated that leaves the donor-deep level pair either unchanged in a
|T->-state or shifts it into a singlet state |S>. Since the donor deep level
transition is spin-dependent, the deep level becomes charged or not, depending
on the nuclear spin orientation of the donor nucleus. Thus, the state of the
qbit can be read with a sequence of light pulses and photo conductivity
measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX code, presented at the 275th Heraeus
  Seminar on Hardware Concepts for Quantum Computing, to be published in Phys.
  Stat. Sol.