pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Structural modifications leading to changes in supramolecular aggregation of thiazolo3, 2-apyrimidines: Insights into their conformational features

The compounds, 7-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1), 3-amino-2-cyano-7-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), 2-dimethylaminomethylene-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3), 2-(3-cyano-benzylidene)-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester; with N,N-dimethyl-formamide (4) and 3-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (5) have been synthesized and their structures evaluated crystallographically. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group PI with Z=8, with four molecules in the asymmetric unit. Compound 2 also crystallizes in the space group PI with Z=4 wherein asymmetric unit accommodates two molecules. Compound 3 belongs to P21/c with Z=4, compound 4 crystallizes in Pbc2 1 with Z=4 and compound 5 belongs to PI with Z=2. In all the above compounds, the aryl ring positioned at C5 of thiazolopyrimidine ring is almost perpendicular. In the case of compounds with substituted phenyl ring, aryl group-up conformation predominates. However, for compounds with unsubstituted phenyl ring, aryl group-down conformation is adopted. By varying the substituents at positions C2, C3, C6 and on the aryl at C5 in the main molecular scaffold of (1-5), we have observed significant differences in the intermolecular interaction patterns. The packing features of the compounds are controlled by C-H...O, C-H...N, N-H...N O-H...N, C-H...Ï� and Ï�...Ï� weak interactions. Â© 2014 Indian Academy of Sciences
Effects of $\rho$-meson width on pion distributions in heavy-ion
  collisions

The influence of the finite width of $\rho$ meson on the pion momentum
distribution is studied quantitatively in the framework of the S-matrix
approach combined with a blast-wave model to describe particle emissions from
an expanding fireball. We find that the proper treatment of resonances which
accounts for their production dynamics encoded in data for partial wave
scattering amplitudes can substantially modify spectra of daughter particles
originating in their two body decays. In particular, it results in an
enhancement of the low-$p_T$ pions from the decays of $\rho$ mesons which
improves the quantitative description of the pion spectra in heavy ion
collisions obtained by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC energy.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, version appeared in phys. lett.
Is there a common water-activity limit for the three domains of life

© 2015 International Society for Microbial Ecology. All rights reserved. Archaea and Bacteria constitute a majority of life systems on Earth but have long been considered inferior to Eukarya in terms of solute tolerance. Whereas the most halophilic prokaryotes are known for an ability to multiply at saturated NaCl (water activity (a w) 0.755) some xerophilic fungi can germinate, usually at high-sugar concentrations, at values as low as 0.650-0.605 a w. Here, we present evidence that halophilic prokayotes can grow down to water activities of <0.755 for Halanaerobium lacusrosei (0.748), Halobacterium strain 004.1 (0.728), Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and Halococcus morrhuae (0.717), Haloquadratum walsbyi (0.709), Halococcus salifodinae (0.693), Halobacterium noricense (0.687), Natrinema pallidum (0.681) and haloarchaeal strains GN-2 and GN-5 (0.635 a w). Furthermore, extrapolation of growth curves (prone to giving conservative estimates) indicated theoretical minima down to 0.611 a w for extreme, obligately halophilic Archaea and Bacteria. These were compared with minima for the most solute-tolerant Bacteria in high-sugar (or other non-saline) media (Mycobacterium spp., Tetragenococcus halophilus, Saccharibacter floricola, Staphylococcus aureus and so on) and eukaryotic microbes in saline (Wallemia spp., Basipetospora halophila, Dunaliella spp. and so on) and high-sugar substrates (for example, Xeromyces bisporus, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Aspergillus and Eurotium spp.). We also manipulated the balance of chaotropic and kosmotropic stressors for the extreme, xerophilic fungi Aspergillus penicilloides and X. bisporus and, via this approach, their established water-activity limits for mycelial growth (∼0.65) were reduced to 0.640. Furthermore, extrapolations indicated theoretical limits of 0.632 and 0.636 a w for A. penicilloides and X. bisporus, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a common water-activity limit that is determined by physicochemical constraints for the three domains of life
Neurofibromatosis 2011: a report of the Children's Tumor Foundation annual meeting.

The 2011 annual meeting of the Children's Tumor Foundation, the annual gathering of the neurofibromatosis (NF) research and clinical communities, was attended by 330 participants who discussed integration of new signaling pathways into NF research, the appreciation for NF mutations in sporadic cancers, and an expanding pre-clinical and clinical agenda. NF1, NF2, and schwannomatosis collectively affect approximately 100,000 persons in US, and result from mutations in different genes. Benign tumors of NF1 (neurofibroma and optic pathway glioma) and NF2 (schwannoma, ependymoma, and meningioma) and schwannomatosis (schwannoma) can cause significant morbidity, and there are no proven drug treatments for any form of NF. Each disorder is associated with additional manifestations causing morbidity. The research presentations described in this review covered basic science, preclinical testing, and results from clinical trials, and demonstrate the remarkable strides being taken toward understanding of and progress toward treatments for these disorders based on the close interaction among scientists and clinicians
Memory-dependent effects on palatability in mice.

While palatability depends on the properties of particular foods, it is also determined by prior experience, suggesting that memory affects the hedonic value of a substance. Here, we report two procedures that affect palatability in mice: negative contrast and flavour habituation. A microstructure analysis of licking behaviour was employed, with the lick cluster size (the number of licks made in quick succession before a pause) used as a measure of palatability. It was first confirmed that lick cluster size increased monotonically as a function of sucrose concentration, whereas consumption followed an inverted U-shaped function. In a successive negative contrast procedure it was found that when shifted from a high sucrose concentration (32%) to a low sucrose concentration (4%), mice made smaller lick clusters than a group that only received the low concentration. Mice exposed to flavours (cherry or grape Kool Aid) mixed with sucrose (16%) made larger lick clusters for familiar flavours compared to novel flavours. This habituation effect was evident after short (5 min) and long (24 h) test intervals. Both successive negative contrast and flavour habituation failed to affect levels of consumption. Collectively, the results show that prior experience can have effects on lick cluster size that are equivalent to increasing or decreasing the sweetness of a solution. Thus, palatability is not a fixed property of a substance but is dependent on expectation or familiarity that occurs as a result of memory
Optimising the community-based approach to healthcare improvement: Comparative case studies of the clinical community model in practice

Community-based approaches to healthcare improvement are receiving increasing\ud
attention. Such approaches could offer an infrastructure for efficient knowledge-sharing and\ud
a potent means of influencing behaviours, but their potential is yet to be optimised. After\ud
briefly reviewing challenges to community-based approaches, we describe in detail the\ud
clinical community model. Through exploring clinical communities in practice, we seek to\ud
identify practical lessons for optimising this community-based approach to healthcare\ud
improvement. Through comparative case studies based on secondary analysis, we examine\ud
two contrasting examples of clinical communities in practice – the USA-based Michigan\ud
Keystone ICU programme, and the UK-based Improving Lung Cancer Outcomes Project. We\ud
focus on three main issues. First, both cases were successful in mobilising diverse\ud
communities: favourable starting conditions, core teams with personal credibility, reputable\ud
institutional backing and embeddedness in wider networks were important. Second, topdown\ud
input to organise regular meetings, minimise conflict and empower those at risk of\ud
marginalisation helped establish a strong sense of community and reciprocal ties, while\ud
intervention components and measures common to the whole community strengthened\ud
peer-norming effects. Third, to drive implementation, technical expertise and\ud
responsiveness from the core team were important, but so too were ‘hard tactics’ (e.g. strict\ud
limits on local customisation); these were more easily deployed where the intervention was\ud
standardised across the community and a strong evidence-base existed. Contrary to the\ud
idea of self-organising communities, our cases make clear that vertical and horizontal forces \ud
depend on each other synergistically for their effectiveness. We offer practical lessons for\ud
establishing an effective balance of horizontal and vertical influences, and for identifying the\ud
types of quality problems most amenable to community-based improvement.Peer-reviewedPublisher versio
New age constraints for the limit of the British-Irish Ice Sheet on the Isles of Scilly

NE/J008672/1The southernmost terrestrial extent of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), which drained a large proportion of the last British?Irish Ice Sheet, impinged on to the Isles of Scilly during Marine Isotope Stage 2. However, the age of this ice limit has been contested and the interpretation that this occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains controversial. This study reports new ages using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of outwash sediments at Battery, Tresco (25.5???1.5?ka), and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of boulders overlying till on Scilly Rock (25.9???1.6 ka), which confirm that the ISIS reached the Isles of Scilly during the LGM. The ages demonstrate this ice advance on to the northern Isles of Scilly occurred at ?26 ka around the time of increased ice-rafted debris in the adjacent marine record from the continental margin, which coincided with Heinrich Event 2 at ?24 ka. OSL dating (19.6???1.5 ka) of the post-glacial Hell Bay Gravel at Battery suggests there was then an ?5-ka delay between primary deposition and aeolian reworking of the glacigenic sediment, during a time when the ISIS ice front was oscillating on and around the Ll?n Peninsula, ?390?km to the north.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Genetic variants associated with subjective well-being, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism identified through genome-wide analyses.

Very few genetic variants have been associated with depression and neuroticism, likely because of limitations on sample size in previous studies. Subjective well-being, a phenotype that is genetically correlated with both of these traits, has not yet been studied with genome-wide data. We conducted genome-wide association studies of three phenotypes: subjective well-being (n = 298,420), depressive symptoms (n = 161,460), and neuroticism (n = 170,911). We identify 3 variants associated with subjective well-being, 2 variants associated with depressive symptoms, and 11 variants associated with neuroticism, including 2 inversion polymorphisms. The two loci associated with depressive symptoms replicate in an independent depression sample. Joint analyses that exploit the high genetic correlations between the phenotypes (|ρ^| ≈ 0.8) strengthen the overall credibility of the findings and allow us to identify additional variants. Across our phenotypes, loci regulating expression in central nervous system and adrenal or pancreas tissues are strongly enriched for association
Chocolate consumption and incident heart failure

Background: We aimed to examine the association between chocolate intake and the risk of incident heart failure in a UK general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify this association. 

Methods and results: We used data from a prospective population-based study the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. Chocolate intake was quantified based on a food frequency questionnaire obtained at baseline (1993-1997) and incident heart failure was ascertained up to March 2009. We supplemented the primary data with a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which evaluated risk of incident heart failure with chocolate consumption.  A total of 20,922 participants (53% women; mean age 58±9 years) were included of whom 1,101 developed heart failure during the follow up (mean 12.5±2.7 years, total person years 262,291 years). After adjusting lifestyle and dietary factors, we found 19% relative reduction in heart failure incidence in the top (up to 100g/d) compared to the bottom quintile of chocolate consumption (HR 0.81 95%CI 0.66-0.98) but the results were no longer significant after controlling for comorbidities (HR 0.87 95%CI 0.71-1.06). Additional adjustment for potential mediators did not attenuate the results further. We identified five relevant studies including the current study (N=75,408). The pooled results showed non-significant 19% relative risk reduction of heart failure incidence with higher chocolate consumption (HR 0.81 95%CI 0.66-1.01).

Conclusions: Our results suggest that higher chocolate intake is not associated with subsequent incident heart failure.The EPIC-Norfolk study was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council and Cancer Research UK.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.00
Conceptual fragmentation and the rise of eliminativism

Pluralist and eliminativist positions have proliferated within both science and philosophy of science in recent decades. This paper asks the question why this shift of thinking has occurred, and where it is leading us. We provide an explanation which, if correct, entails that we should expect pluralism and eliminativism to transform other debates currently unaffected, and for good reasons. We then consider the question under what circumstances eliminativism will be appropriate, arguing that it depends not only on the term in question, but also on the context of discussion and details of the debate at hand. The resultant selective eliminativism is an appealing compromise for various ‘pluralists’ and ‘eliminativists’ who are currently locking horns.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13194-016-0136-
Flux-rope twist in eruptive flares and CMEs : due to zipper and main-phase reconnection

Funding: UK Science and Technology Facilities CouncilThe nature of three-dimensional reconnection when a twisted flux tube erupts during an eruptive flare or coronal mass ejection is considered. The reconnection has two phases: first of all, 3D “zipper reconnection” propagates along the initial coronal arcade, parallel to the polarity inversion line (PIL); then subsequent quasi-2D “main phase reconnection” in the low corona around a flux rope during its eruption produces coronal loops and chromospheric ribbons that propagate away from the PIL in a direction normal to it. One scenario starts with a sheared arcade: the zipper reconnection creates a twisted flux rope of roughly one turn (2π radians of twist), and then main phase reconnection builds up the bulk of the erupting flux rope with a relatively uniform twist of a few turns. A second scenario starts with a pre-existing flux rope under the arcade. Here the zipper phase can create a core with many turns that depend on the ratio of the magnetic fluxes in the newly formed flare ribbons and the new flux rope. Main phase reconnection then adds a layer of roughly uniform twist to the twisted central core. Both phases and scenarios are modeled in a simple way that assumes the initial magnetic flux is fragmented along the PIL. The model uses conservation of magnetic helicity and flux, together with equipartition of magnetic helicity, to deduce the twist of the erupting flux rope in terms the geometry of the initial configuration. Interplanetary observations show some flux ropes have a fairly uniform twist, which could be produced when the zipper phase and any pre-existing flux rope possess small or moderate twist (up to one or two turns). Other interplanetary flux ropes have highly twisted cores (up to five turns), which could be produced when there is a pre-existing flux rope and an active zipper phase that creates substantial extra twist.PostprintPublisher PDFPeer reviewe
Summary of the ATLAS experiment's sensitivity to supersymmetry after LHC Run 1 - interpreted in the phenomenological MSSM

A summary of the constraints from the ATLAS experiment on R -parity conserving supersymmetry is presented. Results from 22 separate ATLAS searches are considered, each based on analysis of up to 20.3 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton collision data at the centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 and 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a neutralino, taking into account constraints from previous precision electroweak and flavour measurements as well as from dark matter related measurements. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared to limits from simplified models. The impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density, the couplings of the observed Higgs boson, and the degree of electroweak fine-tuning is also shown. Spectra for surviving supersymmetry model points with low fine-tunings are presented
Tuning the Plasmonic Response up: Hollow Cuboid Metal Nanostructures

We report the fine-tuning of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) from ultraviolet to near-infrared by nanoengineering the metal nanoparticle morphologies from solid Ag nanocubes to hollow AuAg nanoboxes and AuAg nanoframes. Spatially resolved mapping of plasmon resonances by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed a homogeneous distribution of highly intense plasmon resonances around the hollow nanostructures and the interaction, that is, hybridization, of inner and outer plasmon fields for the nanoframe. Experimental findings are accurately correlated with the boundary element method (BEM) simulations demonstrating that the homogeneous distribution of the plasmon resonances is the key factor for their improved plasmonic properties. As a proof of concept for these enhanced plasmonic properties, we show the effective label free sensing of bovine serum albumin (BSA) of single-walled AuAg nanoboxes in comparison with solid Au nanoparticles, demonstrating their excellent performance for future biomedical applications
Gated-sted microscopy with subnanosecond pulsed fiber laser for reducing photobleaching

The spatial resolution of a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope is theoretically unlimited and practically determined by the signal-to-noise ratio. Typically, an increase of the STED beam's power leads to an improvement of the effective resolution. However, this improvement may vanish because an increased STED beam's power is often accompanied by an increased photobleaching, which worsen the effective resolution by reducing the signal strength. A way to lower the photobleaching in pulsed STED (P-STED) implementations is to reduce the peak intensity lengthening the pulses duration (for a given average STED beam's power). This also leads to a reduction of the fluorophores quenching, thus a reduction of the effective resolution, but the time-gated detection was proved to be successful in recovering these reductions. Here we demonstrated that a subnanosecond fiber laser beam (pulse width ∼600 ps) reduces the photobleaching with respect to a traditional stretched hundreds picosecond (∼200 ps) beam provided by a Ti:Sapphire laser, without any effective spatial resolution lost
Nearby supernova host galaxies from the CALIFA survey: II. Supernova environmental metallicity

The metallicity of a supernova progenitor, together with its mass, is one of the main parameters that can rule the progenitor's fate. We present the second study of nearby supernova (SN) host galaxies (0.005 <z< 0.03) using integral field spectroscopy (IFS) from the CALIFA survey. We analyze the metallicity of 115 galaxies, which hosted 132 SNe within and 10 SNe outside the field of view (FoV) of the instrument. Another 18 galaxies, which hosted only SNe outside the FoV, were also studied. Using the O3N2 calibrator that was described elsewhere, we found no statistically significant differences between the gas-phase metallicities at the locations of the three main SN types - Ia, Ib/c and II; they all have 12 + log (O/H) ≃ 8.50 within 0.02 dex. The total galaxy metallicities are also very similar, and we argue that the reason is that our sample only consists of SNe discovered in massive galaxies (log (M/M) > 10 dex) by targeted searches. We neither found evidence that the metallicity at the SN location differs from the average metallicity at the galactocentric distance of the SNe. By extending our SN sample with published metallicities at the SN location, we are able to study the metallicity distributions for all SN subtypes split into SN discovered in targeted and untargeted searches. We confirm a bias toward higher host masses and metallicities in the targeted searches. By combining data from targeted and untargeted searches, we found a sequence from higher to lower local metallicity: SN Ia, Ic, and II show the highest metallicity, which is significantly higher than those of SN Ib, IIb, and Ic-BL. Our results support the scenario according to which SN Ib result from binary progenitors. Additionally, at least part of the SN Ic are the result of single massive stars that were stripped of their outer layers by metallicity-driven winds. We studied several proxies of the local metallicity that are frequently used in the literature and found that the total host metallicity allows estimating the metallicity at the SN location with an accuracy better than 0.08 dex and very small bias. In addition, weak AGNs that cannot be seen in the total spectrum may weakly bias (by 0.04 dex) the metallicity estimate that is derived from the galaxy-integrated spectrum. © ESO, 2016.This work was partly funded by FCT with the research grant PTDC/CTE-AST/112582/2009. Support for L.G. is partially provided by FCT, by CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566, and from the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC12009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS). V.S. acknowledges financial support from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) under program Ciencia 2008. C.J.W. acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912.Peer Reviewe