pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
ER stress in rodent islets of Langerhans is concomitant with obesity and β-cell compensation but not with β-cell dysfunction and diabetes

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether ER stress correlates with b-cell dysfunction in obesity-associated diabetes.\ud
Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to investigate changes in the expression of markers of ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and β-cell function in islets isolated from (1) non-diabetic Zucker obese (ZO) and obese female Zucker diabetic fatty (fZDF) rats compared with their lean littermates and from (2) high-fat-diet-fed fZDF rats (HF-fZDF), to induce diabetes, compared with age-matched non-diabetic obese fZDF rats.\ud
Results: Markers of an adaptive ER stress/UPR and β-cell function are elevated in islets isolated from ZO and fZDF rats compared with their lean littermates. In islets isolated from HF-fZDF rats, there was no significant change in the expression of markers of ER stress compared with age matched, obese, non-diabetic fZDF rats.\ud
Conclusions: These results provide evidence that obesity-induced activation of the UPR is an adaptive response for increasing the ER folding capacity to meet the increased demand for insulin. As ER stress is not exacerbated in high-fat-diet-induced diabetes, we suggest that failure of the islet to mount an effective adaptive UPR in response to an additional increase in insulin demand, rather than chronic ER stress, may ultimately lead to β-cell failure and hence diabetes.We thank Astra Zeneca and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council for funding this project. OO was supported by a BBSRC/AstraZeneca CASE studentship.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
VLT/X-Shooter spectroscopy of the afterglow of the Swift GRB 130606A Chemical abundances and reionisation at z similar to 6

Context. The reionisation of the Universe is a process that is thought to have ended around z ~ 6, as inferred from spectroscopy of distant bright background sources, such as quasars (QSO) and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. Furthermore, spectroscopy of a GRB afterglow provides insight in its host galaxy, which is often too dim and distant to study otherwise.\ud
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Aims. For the Swift GRB 130606A at z = 5.913 we have obtained a high S/N spectrum covering the full optical and near-IR wavelength region at intermediate spectral resolution with VLT/X-Shooter. We aim to measure the degree of ionisation of the intergalactic medium (IGM) between z = 5.02−5.84 and to study the chemical abundance pattern and dust content of its host galaxy.\ud
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Methods. We estimated the UV continuum of the GRB afterglow using a power-law extrapolation, then measured the flux decrement due to absorption at Lyα,β, and γ wavelength regions. Furthermore, we fitted the shape of the red damping wing of Lyα. The hydrogen and metal absorption lines formed in the host galaxy were fitted with Voigt profiles to obtain column densities. We investigated whether ionisation corrections needed to be applied.\ud
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Results. Our measurements of the Lyα-forest optical depth are consistent with previous measurements of QSOs, but have a much smaller uncertainty. The analysis of the red damping wing yields a neutral fraction x [Subscript: H I]  < 0.05 (3σ). We obtain column density measurements of H, Al, Si, and Fe; for C, O, S and Ni we obtain limits. The ionisation due to the GRB is estimated to be negligible (corrections <0.03 dex), but larger corrections may apply due to the pre-existing radiation field (up to 0.4 dex based on sub-DLA studies). Assuming that [ Si/Fe ] = +0.79 ± 0.13 is due to dust depletion, the dust-to-metal ratio is similar to the Galactic value.\ud
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Conclusions. Our measurements confirm that the Universe is already predominantly ionised over the redshift range probed in this work, but was slightly more neutral at z> 5.6. GRBs are useful probes of the ionisation state of the IGM in the early Universe, but because of internal scatter we need a larger statistical sample to draw robust conclusions. The high [Si/Fe] in the host can be due to dust depletion, α-element enhancement, or a combination of both. The very high value of [ Al/Fe ] = 2.40 ± 0.78 might be due to a proton capture process and is probably connected to the stellar population history. We estimate the host metallicity to be −1.7 < [ M/H ] < −0.9 (2%−13% of solar).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Distribution of dissolved water in magmatic glass records growth and resorption of bubbles.

Volcanic eruptions are driven by the growth of gas bubbles in magma. Bubbles grow when dissolved volatile species, principally water, diffuse through the silicate melt and exsolve at the bubble wall. On rapid cooling, the melt quenches to glass, preserving the spatial distribution of water concentration around the bubbles (now vesicles), offering a window into pre-eruptive conditions. We measure the water distribution around vesicles in experimentally-vesiculated samples, with high spatial resolution. We find that, contrary to expectation, water concentration increases towards vesicles, indicating that water is resorbed from bubbles during cooling; textural evidence suggests that resorption occurs largely before the melt solidifies. Speciation data indicate that the molecular water distribution records resorption, whilst the hydroxyl distribution records earlier decompressive growth. Our results challenge the emerging paradigm that resorption indicates fluctuating pressure conditions, and lay the foundations for a new tool for reconstructing the eruptive history of natural volcanic products
Intergenerational relations and the power of the cell phone : perspectives on young people’s phone usage in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Cell phones present new forms of sociality and new possibilities of encounter for young people across the globe. Nowhere is this more evident than in sub-Saharan Africa where the scale of usage, even among the very poor, is remarkable. In this paper we reflect on the inter-generational encounters which are embedded in young people’s cell phone interactions, and consider the wider societal implications, not least the potential for associated shifts in the generational balance of power. An intriguing feature of this changing generational nexus is that while many young people’s phone-based interactions, from their mid-teens onwards, are shifting away from the older generation towards friendship networks in their own age cohort, at the same time they are repositioning themselves – or becoming repositioned – as family information hubs, as a consequence of their phone expertise. The paper draws on mixed-methods research with young people aged c. 9–25 years and in-depth interviews with older age-groups in 24 sites (ranging from high density poor urban to remote rural) across Ghana, Malawi and South Africa
Imagining global work: producing understandings of difference in easy Asia

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/In this paper, by looking at the imaginative geographies of Singapore for the British corporate expatriate, I explore how the qualitative representation of place is changing within managerial discourses from a hardship to an opportunity. In doing so, I advance debates that argue that we need to reconceptualise global work from a mobilities perspective by looking how the representation of movement connects with the experience of movement. In particular, the paper argues that we need to combine understandings of the global economic flows that move some transnational migrants with their everyday lived experiences in order to explore what qualitatively makes work global. This allows us to highlight the multiplicity of ways in which transnational migrants can be understood rather than trying to impose singularity
Hidden chaotic attractors in a class of two-dimensional maps.

This paper studies the hidden dynamics of a class of two-dimensional maps inspired by the H?non map. A special consideration is made to the existence of fixed points and their stabilities in these maps. Our concern focuses on three typical scenarios which may generate hidden dynamics, i.e., no fixed point, single fixed point, and two fixed points. A computer search program is employed to explore the strange hidden attractors in the map. Our findings show that the basins of some hidden attractors are tiny, so the standard computational procedure for localization is unavailable. The schematic exploring method proposed in this paper could be generalized for investigating hidden dynamics of high-dimensional maps.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11402224, 11202180, 61273106, 11171290, 11401543), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK20151295), the Qin Lan Project of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China, the Jiangsu Overseas Research and Training Program for University Prominent Young and Middle-aged Teachers, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. CUGL150419) and Presidents and the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
Recurrence Relations of the Multi-Indexed Orthogonal Polynomials : III

In a previous paper, we presented conjectures of the recurrence relations
with constant coefficients for the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials of
Laguerre, Jacobi, Wilson and Askey-Wilson types. In this paper we present a
proof for the Laguerre and Jacobi cases. Their bispectral properties are also
discussed, which give a method to obtain the coefficients of the recurrence
relations explicitly. This paper extends to the Laguerre and Jacobi cases the
bispectral techniques recently introduced by G\'omez-Ullate et al. to derive
explicit expressions for the coefficients of the recurrence relations satisfied
by exceptional polynomials of Hermite type.Comment: 37 pages. Comments added, typo in (A.15) corrected, reference
  information updated. To appear in J.Math.Phy
Structural Transitions at Ionic Liquids Interfaces

Recent advances in experimental and computational techniques have allowed for
an accurate description of the adsorption of ionic liquids on metallic
electrodes. It is now well established that they adopt a multi-layered
structure, and that the composition of the layers changes with the potential of
the electrode. In some cases, potential-driven ordering transitions in the
first adsorbed layer have been observed in experiments probing the interface on
the molecular scale or by molecular simulations. This perspective gives an
overview of the current understanding of such transitions and of their
potential impact on the physical and (electro)chemical processes at the
interface. In particular, peaks in the differential capacitance, slow dynamics
at the interface and changes in the reactivity have been reported in
electrochemical studies. Interfaces between ionic liquids and metallic
electrodes are also highly relevant for their friction properties, the
voltage-dependence of which opens the way to exciting applications.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1404.034
Spectral type, temperature and evolutionary stage in cool supergiants

In recent years, temperature scales in cool supergiants (CSGs) have been
disputed, and the possibility that spectral types (SpTs) do not depend
primarily on temperature has been raised. We explore the relations between
different observed parameters and the capability of deriving accurate intrinsic
stellar parameters from them through the analysis of the largest spectroscopic
sample of CSGs to date from SMC and LMC. We explore possible correlations
between different observational parameters, also making use of near- and
mid-infrared colours and literature on photometric variability. Direct
comparison between the behaviour of atomic lines (Fe I, Ti I, and Ca II) in the
observed spectra and synthetic atmospheric models provides compelling evidence
that effective temperature is the prime underlying variable driving the SpT
sequence in CSGs. However, there is a clear correlation between SpT and
luminosity, with later ones tending to correspond to more luminous stars with
heavier mass loss. The population of CSGs in the SMC is characterised by a
higher degree of spectral variability, early spectral types (centred on type
K1) and low mass-loss rates (at least as measured by dust-sensitive
mid-infrared colours). The population in the LMC displays less spectroscopic
variability and later spectral types. The distribution of spectral types is not
single-peaked. Instead, the brightest CSGs have a significantly different
distribution from less luminous objects, presenting mostly M subtypes (centred
on M2), and increasing mass-loss rates for later types. In conclusion, the
observed properties of CSGs in the SMC and the LMC cannot be described
correctly by standard evolutionary models. The very strong correlation between
spectral type and bolometric luminosity, supported by all data from the Milky
Way, cannot be reproduced at all by current evolutionary tracks.Comment: 25 pages, 24 figure
AMBER/VLTI high spectral resolution observations of the Brγ emitting region in HD 98922. A compact disc wind launched from the inner disc region

archiveprefix: arXiv primaryclass: astro-ph.SR keywords: stars: formation, circumstellar matter, stars: pre-main sequence, stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be, techniques: high angular resolution, techniques: interferometric eid: A44 adsurl: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A%26A...582A..44C adsnote: Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data SystemarticleContext. High angular and spectral resolution observations can provide us with fundamental clues to the complex circumstellar structure of young stellar objects (YSOs) and to the physical processes taking place close to these sources.
Aims. We analyse the main physical parameters and the circumstellar environment of the young Herbig Be star HD 98922.
Methods. We present AMBER/VLTI high spectral resolution (R = 12 000) interferometric observations across the Brγ line, accompanied by UVES high-resolution spectroscopy and SINFONI-AO assisted near-infrared (NIR) integral field spectroscopic data. To interpret our observations, we develop a magneto-centrifugally driven disc-wind model.
Results. Our analysis of the UVES spectrum shows that HD 98922 is a young (~5 × 105 yr) Herbig Be star (SpT = B9V), located at a distance of 440± 6050 pc, with a mass accretion rate (Ṁacc) of ~(9 ± 3) × 10-7 M⊙ yr-1. SINFONI K-band AO-assisted imaging shows a spatially resolved circumstellar disc-like region (~140 AU in diameter) with asymmetric brightness distribution. Our AMBER/VLTI UT observations indicate that the Brγ emitting region (ring-fit radius ~0.31 ± 0.04 AU) is smaller than the continuum emitting region (inner dust radius ~0.7 ± 0.2 AU), showing significant non-zero V-shaped differential phases (i.e. non S-shaped, as expected for a rotating disc). The value of the continuum-corrected pure Brγ line visibility at the longest baseline (89 m) is ~0.8 ± 0.1, i.e. the Brγ emitting region is partially resolved. Our modelling suggests that the observed Brγ line-emitting region mainly originates from a disc wind with a half opening angle of 30°, and with a mass-loss rate (Ṁw) of ~2 × 10-7 M⊙ yr-1. The observed V-shaped differential phases are reliably reproduced by combining a simple asymmetric continuum disc model with our Brγ disc-wind model.
Conclusions. In conclusion, the Brγ emission of HD 98922 can be modelled with a disc wind that is able to approximately reproduce all interferometric observations if we assume that the intensity distribution of the dust continuum disc is asymmetric.Science Foundation of IrelandRussian Foundation for Basic ResearchSTFC Ernest Rutherford fellowshipErnest Rutherford GrantMarie Curie CIG grantPresidium of RAS P4
DC-SCRIPT is a novel regulator of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2B and induces cell cycle arrest in ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells

Contains fulltext :
                  154921.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women. The estrogen receptor (ERalpha) is well known for having growth promoting effects in breast cancer. Recently, we have identified DC-SCRIPT (ZNF366) as a co-suppressor of ERalpha and as a strong and independent prognostic marker in ESR1 (ERalpha gene)-positive breast cancer patients. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism on how DC-SCRIPT inhibits breast cancer cell growth. DC-SCRIPT mRNA levels from 190 primary ESR1-positive breast tumors were related to global gene expression, followed by gene ontology and pathway analysis. The effect of DC-SCRIPT on breast cancer cell growth and cell cycle arrest was investigated using novel DC-SCRIPT-inducible MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Genome-wide expression profiling of DC-SCRIPT-expressing MCF7 cells was performed to investigate the effect of DC-SCRIPT on cell cycle-related gene expression. Findings were validated by real-time PCR in a cohort of 1,132 ESR1-positive breast cancer patients. In the primary ESR1-positive breast tumors, DC-SCRIPT expression negatively correlated with several cell cycle gene ontologies and pathways. DC-SCRIPT expression strongly reduced breast cancer cell growth in vitro, breast tumor growth in vivo, and induced cell cycle arrest. In addition, in the presence of DC-SCRIPT, multiple cell cycles related genes were differentially expressed including the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2B. Moreover, in 1,132 primary ESR1-positive breast tumors, DC-SCRIPT expression also correlated with CDKN2B expression. Collectively, these data show that DC-SCRIPT acts as a novel regulator of CDKN2B and induces cell cycle arrest in ESR1-positive breast cancer cells
Search for pair and single production of new heavy quarks that decay to a Z boson and a third-generation quark in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for the production of new heavy quarks that decay to a Z boson and a third-generation Standard Model quark. In the case of a new charge +2/3 quark (T), the decay targeted is T -> Zt, while the decay targeted for a new charge -1/3 quark (B) is B -> Zb. The search is performed with a dataset corresponding to 20.3 fb(-1) of p p collisions at root s = 8TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Selected events contain a high transverse momentum Z boson candidate reconstructed from a pair of oppositely charged same-flavor leptons (electrons or muons), and are analyzed in two channels defined by the absence or presence of a third lepton. Hadronic jets, in particular those with properties consistent with the decay of a b-hadron, are also required to be present in selected events. Different requirements are made on the jet activity in the event in order to enhance the sensitivity to either heavy quark pair production mediated by the strong interaction, or single production mediated by the electroweak interaction. No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and lower limits are derived on the mass of vector-like T and B quarks under various branching ratio hypotheses, as well as upper limits on the magnitude of electroweak coupling parameters
Polarized location of SLC and ABC drug transporters in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes.

International audienceHuman hepatocytes cultured in a monolayer configuration represent a well-established in vitro model in liver toxicology, notably used in drug transporter studies. Polarized status of drug transporters, i.e., their coordinated location at sinusoidal or canalicular membranes, remains however incompletely documented in these cultured hepatocytes. The present study was therefore designed to analyze transporter expression and location in such cells. Most of drug transporters were first shown to be present at notable mRNA levels in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Cultured human hepatocytes, which morphologically exhibited bile canaliculi-like structures, were next demonstrated, through immunofluorescence staining, to express the influx transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP2B1 and organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 3 at their sinusoidal pole. In addition, the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and MRP2 were detected at the canalicular pole of monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Moreover, canalicular secretion of reference substrates for the efflux transporters bile salt export pump, MRP2 and P-glycoprotein as well as sinusoidal drug transporter activities were observed. This polarized and functional expression of drug transporters in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes highlights the interest of using this human in vitro cell model in xenobiotic transport studies
Latent binary MRF for online reconstruction of large scale systems

International audienceWe present a novel method for online inference of real-valued quantities on a large network from very sparse measurements. The target application is a large scale system, like e.g. a traffic network, where a small varying subset of the variables is observed, and predictions about the other variables have to be continuously updated. A key feature of our approach is the modeling of dependencies between the original variables through a latent binary Markov random field. This greatly simplifies both the model selection and its subsequent use. We introduce the mirror belief propagation algorithm, that performs fast inference in such a setting. The offline model estimation relies only on pairwise historical data and its complexity is linear w.r.t. the dataset size. Our method makes no assumptions about the joint and marginal distributions of the variables but is primarily designed with multimodal joint distributions in mind. Numerical experiments demonstrate both the applicability and scalability of the method in practice
Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis of palm oil fatty acid composition in an interspecific pseudo-backcross from Elaeis oleifera (HBK) Cort,s and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

We chose an Elaeis interspecific pseudo-backcross of first generation (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) x E. guineensis to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fatty acid composition of palm oil. A dense microsatellite linkage map of 362 loci spanned 1.485 cM, representing the 16 pairs of homologous chromosomes in the Elaeis genus from which we traced segregating alleles from both E. oleifera and E. guineensis grandparents. The relative linear orders of mapped loci suggested the probable absence of chromosome rearrangements between the E. oleifera and E. guineensis genomes. A total of 19 QTL associated to the palm oil fatty acid composition were evidenced. The QTL positions and the species origin as well as the estimated effects of the QTL marker alleles were in coherence with the knowledge of the oil biosynthesis pathway in plants and with the individual phenotypic correlations between the traits. The mapping of chosen Elaeis key genes related to oleic acid C18:1, using intra-gene SNPs, supported several QTLs underlying notably FATA and SAD enzymes. The high number of hyper-variable SSR loci of known relative linear orders and the QTL information make these resources valuable for such mapping study in other Elaeis breeding materials