pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Development of a regional glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)–temperature calibration for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes

AbstractA regional network of quantitative reconstructions of past climate variability is required to test climate models. In recent studies, temperature calibration models based on the relative abundances of sedimentary glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) have enabled past temperature reconstructions in both marine and terrestrial environments. Nevertheless, to date these methods have not been widely applied in high latitude environments due to poor performance of the GDGT–temperature calibrations at lower temperatures. To address this we studied 32 lakes from Antarctica, the sub-Antarctic Islands and Southern Chile to: 1) quantify their GDGT composition and investigate the environmental controls on GDGT composition; and 2) develop a GDGT–temperature calibration model for inferring past temperatures from Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes. GDGTs were found in all 32 lakes studied and in 31 lakes branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) were the dominant compounds. Statistical analyses of brGDGT composition in relation to temperature, pH, conductivity and water depth showed that the composition of brGDGTs is strongly correlated with mean summer air temperature (MSAT). This enabled the development of the first regional brGDGT–temperature calibration for use in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic lakes using four brGDGT compounds (GDGT-Ib, GDGT-II, GDGT-III and GDGT-IIIb). A key discovery was that GDGT-IIIb is of particular importance in cold lacustrine environments. The addition of this compound significantly improved the model's performance from r2=0.67, RMSEP-LOO (leave-one-out)=2.23 °C, RMSEP-H (h-block)=2.37 °C when applying the re-calibrated global GDGT–temperature calibration to our Antarctic dataset to r2=0.83, RMSEP-LOO=1.68 °C, RMSEP-H=1.65 °C for our new Antarctic calibration. This shows that Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, and possibly other high latitude, palaeotemperature reconstructions should be based on a regional GDGT–temperature calibration where specific compounds can be identified and included to improve model performance. Finally, downcore temperature reconstructions using the new Antarctic brGDGT–temperature calibration were tested in sub-Antarctic Fan Lake from South Georgia providing a proof of concept for the new calibration model in the Southern Hemisphere
Maintenance of red blood cell integrity by AMP-activated protein kinase α1 catalytic subunit

AbstractAMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. We previously showed that AMPKα1−/− mice develop moderate anemia associated with splenomegaly and high reticulocytosis. Here, we report that splenectomy of AMPKα1−/− mice worsened anemia supporting evidence that AMPKα1−/− mice developed a compensatory response through extramedullary erythropoiesis in the spleen. Transplantation of bone marrow from AMPKα1−/− mice into wild-type recipients recapitulated the hematologic phenotype. Further, AMPKα1−/− red blood cells (RBC) showed less deformability in response to shear stress limiting their membrane flexibility. Thus, our results highlight the crucial role of AMPK to preserve RBC integrity
Boson stars in SU(2) Yang–Mills scalar field theories

AbstractWe present new spherically symmetric solutions of an SU(2) Einstein–Yang–Mills model coupled to a doublet of scalar fields. Sequences of asymptotically flat, Yang–Mills boson star-type configurations are constructed numerically by considering an appropriate time-dependent ansatz for the complex scalar field and a static, purely magnetic SU(2) Yang–Mills potential. Both nodeless as well as solutions with nodes of the scalar field and gauge potential are considered. We find that these solutions share many features with the “pure” boson stars
Narrowing of the neutron sd–pf shell gap in 29Na

AbstractThe wave-function composition for the low-lying states in 29Na was explored by measuring their electromagnetic properties using the Coulomb-excitation technique. A beam of 29Na ions, postaccelerated to 70 MeV, bombarded a 110Pd target with a rate of up to 600 particles per second at the recently commissioned ISAC-II facility at TRIUMF. Six segmented HPGe clover detectors of the TIGRESS γ-ray spectrometer were used to detect deexcitation γ rays in coincidence with scattered or recoiling charged particles in the segmented silicon detector, BAMBINO. The reduced transition matrix element |〈521+||E2||32gs+〉| in 29Na was derived to be 0.237(21) e b from the measured γ-ray yields for both projectile and target. This first-time measured value is consistent with the most recent Monte Carlo shell-model calculation, indicating a significant admixture of both sd and pf components in the wave function, and also providing evidence for the narrowing of the neutron sd–pf shell gap from ∼6 MeV for stable nuclei to ∼3 MeV for 29Na
A multifunctional device to simulate oral ageing: the “Rub&Roll”

AbstractThis article describes an in vitro fatigue and/or wear simulator enabling controlled application of force, speed, type of liquids and duration, to mimic challenges representative for the human oral environment.The device consists of a container in which a cylinder with specimen holder is placed which drives another cylinder (rod). The rod rotates in an opposite direction to the rotation of the stirring motor, rolling over the specimens mounted in the cylinder. When the rod contacts the specimen a force is applied to mimic processes in the oral environment. The design, working and construction principles of a new device, the Rub&Roll, and some of the possible applications are described Four different application examples are presented: occlusal wear in an low acidic abrasive slurry; combined erosive and abrasive wear of enamel exposed to apple juice or apple pulp; the wear of sealant material in natural teeth in an abrasive slurry; and the influence of mechanical loading cycles on micro tensile bond strength of an adhesive system to dentin Application of the “Rub & Roll” device showed results which are clinically relevant, reproducible and in accordance with existing literature.ConclusionsThe Rub&Roll enables controlled application of chemical and mechanical loading, allowing variation of force, sliding distance, velocity, number of cycles, and frequency, and a combination with erosive and abrasive challenges representative of those in the oral environment
A quantum duality principle for coisotropic subgroups and Poisson quotients

AbstractWe develop a quantum duality principle for coisotropic subgroups of a (formal) Poisson group and its dual: namely, starting from a quantum coisotropic subgroup (for a quantization of a given Poisson group) we provide functorial recipes to produce quantizations of the dual coisotropic subgroup (in the dual formal Poisson group). By the natural link between subgroups and homogeneous spaces, we argue a quantum duality principle for Poisson homogeneous spaces which are Poisson quotients, i.e. have at least one zero-dimensional symplectic leaf. As an application, we provide an explicit quantization of the homogeneous SLn*-space of Stokes matrices, with the Poisson structure given by Dubrovin and Ugaglia
A search for prompt lepton-jets in pp collisions at s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractWe present a search for a light (mass <2GeV) boson predicted by Hidden Valley supersymmetric models that decays into a final state consisting of collimated muons or electrons, denoted “lepton-jets”. The analysis uses 5fb−1 of s=7TeV proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider to search for the following signatures: single lepton-jets with at least four muons; pairs of lepton-jets, each with two or more muons; and pairs of lepton-jets with two or more electrons. This study finds no statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction and places 95% confidence-level exclusion limits on the production cross section times branching ratio of light bosons for several parameter sets of a Hidden Valley model
A unifying look at the Apostolico–Giancarlo string-matching algorithm

AbstractString matching is the problem of finding all the occurrences of a pattern in a text. We present a new method to compute the combinatorial shift function (“matching shift”) of the well-known Boyer–Moore string matching algorithm. This method implies the computation of the length of the longest suffixes of the pattern ending at each position in this pattern. These values constituted an extra-preprocessing for a variant of the Boyer–Moore algorithm designed by Apostolico and Giancarlo. We give here a new presentation of this algorithm that avoids extra preprocessing together with a tight bound of 1.5n character comparisons (where n is the length of the text)
750 GeV diphoton resonance, 125 GeV Higgs and muon g−2 anomaly in deflected anomaly mediation SUSY breaking scenarios

AbstractWe propose to interpret the 750 GeV diphoton excess in deflected anomaly mediation supersymmetry breaking scenarios, which can naturally predict couplings between a singlet field and vector-like messengers. The CP-even scalar component (S) of the singlet field can serve as the 750 GeV resonance. The messenger scale, which is of order the gravitino scale, can be as light as Fϕ∼O(10) TeV when the messenger species NF and the deflection parameter d are moderately large. Such messengers can induce the large loop decay process S→γγ. Our results show that such a scenario can successfully accommodate the 125 GeV Higgs boson, the 750 GeV diphoton excess and the muon g−2 without conflicting with the LHC constraints. We also comment on the possible explanations in the gauge mediation supersymmetry breaking scenario
Infinite matrix product states for long-range SU(N) spin models

AbstractWe construct 1D and 2D long-range SU(N) spin models as parent Hamiltonians associated with infinite matrix product states. The latter are constructed from correlators of primary fields in the SU(N)1 WZW model. Since the resulting groundstates are of Gutzwiller–Jastrow type, our models can be regarded as lattice discretizations of fractional quantum Hall systems. We then focus on two specific types of 1D spin chains with spins located on the unit circle, a uniform and an alternating arrangement. For an equidistant distribution of identical spins we establish an explicit connection to the SU(N) Haldane–Shastry model, thereby proving that the model is critical and described by a SU(N)1 WZW model. In contrast, while turning out to be critical as well, the alternating model can only be treated numerically. Our numerical results rely on a reformulation of the original problem in terms of loop models
Peptide Adsorption to Lipid Bilayers: Slow Processes Revealed by Linear Dichroism Spectroscopy

AbstractThe adsorption and insertion kinetics for the association of two 34-residue cyclic peptides with phosphocholine membranes have been studied using circular and linear dichroism approaches. The two peptides studied are identical with the exception of two residues, which are both tyrosine in one of the peptides and tryptophan in the other. Both peptides adopt random coil conformations in solution in the absence of membranes and do not aggregate at concentrations below 20 μM. After addition to liposome dispersions, circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that both peptides undergo an extremely rapid transformation to a β-conformation that remains unchanged throughout the remainder of the experiment. Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of membrane adsorption and insertion. The data were analyzed by nonlinear least squares approaches, leading to identification of a number of bound states and their corresponding LD spectra. Two pseudo-first order processes could be identified that were common to both peptides. The first occurred with a time constant of the order of 1 min and led to a bound state characterized by weak LD signals, with significant bands corresponding to the transitions of aromatic side chains. The second process occurred with an unusually long time constant of between 75 and 100 min, forming a state with considerably stronger positive LD absorbance in the far-ultraviolet region of the spectrum. For the tyrosine-substituted peptide, a third slow process with a long time constant (76 min) could also be delineated and was attributed to rearrangements of the peptide within the membrane
Lp-Approximable Sequences of Vectors and Limit Distribution of Quadratic Forms of Random Variables

AbstractThe properties of L2-approximable sequences established here form a complete toolkit for statistical results concerning weighted sums of random variables, where the weights are nonstochastic sequences approximated in some sense by square-integrable functions and the random variables are “two-wing” averages of martingale differences. The results constitute the first significant advancement in the theory of L2-approximable sequences since 1976 when Moussatat introduced a narrower notion of L2-generated sequences. The method relies on a study of certain linear operators in the spaces Lp and lp. A criterion of Lp-approximability is given. The results are new even when the weight generating function is identically 1. A central limit theorem for quadratic forms of random variables illustrates the method
Observation of b2 symmetry vibrational levels of the SO2 C̃ 1B2 state: Vibrational level staggering, Coriolis interactions, and rotation-vibration constants

The [~ over C] [superscript 1]B[subscript 2] state of SO[subscript 2] has a double-minimum potential in the antisymmetric stretch coordinate, such that the minimum energy geometry has nonequivalent SO bond lengths. However, low-lying levels with odd quanta of antisymmetric stretch (b[subscript 2] vibrational symmetry) have not previously been observed because transitions into these levels from the zero-point level of the [~ over X] state are vibronically forbidden. We use IR-UV double resonance to observe the b[subscript 2] vibrational levels of the [~ over C] state below 1600 cm[superscript −1] of vibrational excitation. This enables a direct characterization of the vibrational level staggering that results from the double-minimum potential. In addition, it allows us to deperturb the strong c-axis Coriolis interactions between levels of a[subscript 1] and b[subscript 2] vibrational symmetry, and to determine accurately the vibrational dependence of the rotational constants in the distorted [~ over C] electronic state
Fluid challenges in intensive care: the FENICE study: A global inception cohort study

Background: Fluid challenges (FCs) are one of the most commonly used therapies in critically ill patients and represent the cornerstone of hemodynamic management in intensive care units. There are clear benefits and harms from fluid therapy. Limited data on the indication, type, amount and rate of an FC in critically ill patients exist in the literature. The primary aim was to evaluate how physicians conduct FCs in terms of type, volume, and rate of given fluid; the secondary aim was to evaluate variables used to trigger an FC and to compare the proportion of patients receiving further fluid administration based on the response to the FC. Methods: This was an observational study conducted in ICUs around the world. Each participating unit entered a maximum of 20 patients with one FC. Results: 2213 patients were enrolled and analyzed in the study. The median [interquartile range] amount of fluid given during an FC was 500 ml (500–1000). The median time was 24 min (40–60 min), and the median rate of FC was 1000 [500–1333] ml/h. The main indication for FC was hypotension in 1211 (59 %, CI 57–61 %). In 43 % (CI 41–45 %) of the cases no hemodynamic variable was used. Static markers of preload were used in 785 of 2213 cases (36 %, CI 34–37 %). Dynamic indices of preload responsiveness were used in 483 of 2213 cases (22 %, CI 20–24 %). No safety variable for the FC was used in 72 % (CI 70–74 %) of the cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients who received further fluids after the FC between those with a positive, with an uncertain or with a negatively judged response. Conclusions: The current practice and evaluation of FC in critically ill patients are highly variable. Prediction of fluid responsiveness is not used routinely, safety limits are rarely used, and information from previous failed FCs is not always taken into account. © 2015, The Author(s)
Measurement of the properties of the Ξb∗ 0 baryon

We perform a search for near-threshold Ξ[subscript b][superscript 0] resonances decaying to Ξ[subscript b−π][superscript +] in a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb[superscript −1] collected by the LHCb experiment. We observe one resonant state, with the following properties:
m(Ξ[superscript ∗0][superscript b]) − m(Ξ[superscript −][subscript b])− m(π[superscript +]) = 15.727±0.068(stat)±0.023(syst)MeV/c[superscript 2]Γ(Ξ[superscript ∗0][subscript b]) = 0.90±0.16(stat)±0.08(syst)MeV.
This confirms the previous observation by the CMS collaboration. The state is consistent with the J[superscipt P] = 3/2[superscript +] Ξ[superscript b][superscript ∗ 0] resonance expected in the quark model. This is the most precise determination of the mass and the first measurement of the natural width of this state. We have also measured the ratio
σ(pp→Ξ[superscript ∗0][subscript b]X)B(Ξ[superscript ∗0][subscript b] → Ξ[superscript −][subscript b]π[superscript +])/σ(pp→Ξ[superscipt −][subscript b]X) = 0.28±0.03(stat.)±0.01(syst.)
Moments of exit times from wedges for non-homogeneous random walks with asymptotically zero drifts.

We study quantitative asymptotics of planar random walks that are spatially non-homogeneous but whose mean drifts have some regularity. Specifically, we study the first exit time τα from a wedge with apex at the origin and interior half-angle α by a non-homogeneous random walk on ℤ2 with mean drift at x of magnitude O(∥x∥−1) as ∥x∥→∞. This is the critical regime for the asymptotic behaviour: under mild conditions, a previous result of the authors stated that τα<∞ a.s. for any α. Here we study the more difficult problem of the existence and non-existence of moments , s>0. Assuming a uniform bound on the walk’s increments, we show that for α<π/2 there exists s0∈(0,∞) such that TeX is finite for s<s0 but infinite for s>s0; under specific assumptions on the drift field, we show that we can attain TeX for any s>1/2. We show that there is a phase transition between drifts of magnitude O(∥x∥−1) (the critical regime) and o(∥x∥−1) (the subcritical regime). In the subcritical regime, we obtain a non-homogeneous random walk analogue of a theorem for Brownian motion due to Spitzer, under considerably weaker conditions than those previously given (including work by Varopoulos) that assumed zero drift
Frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+T-cells in the course of anti-tuberculosis treatment

Anti-tuberculosis drug treatment is known to affect the number, phenotype, and effector functionality of antigen-specific T-cells. In order to objectively gauge Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific CD8+ T-cells at the single-cell level, we developed soluble major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I multimers/peptide multimers, which allow analysis of antigen-specific T-cells without ex vivo manipulation or functional tests. We constructed 38 MHC class I multimers covering some of the most frequent MHC class I alleles (HLA-A*02:01, A*24:02, A*30:01, A*30:02, A*68:01, B*58:01, and C*07:01) pertinent to a South African or Zambian population, and presenting the following MTB-derived peptides: the early expressed secreted antigens TB10.4 (Rv0288), Ag85B (Rv1886c), and ESAT-6 (Rv3875), as well as intracellular enzymes, i.e., glycosyltransferase 1 (Rv2957), glycosyltransferase 2 (Rv2958c), and cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (Rv0447c). Anti-TB treatment appeared to impact on the frequency of multimer-positive CD8+ T-cells, with a general decrease after 6 months of therapy. Also, a reduction in the total central memory CD8+ T-cell frequencies, as well as the antigen-specific compartment in CD45RA - CCR7+ T-cells was observed. We discuss our findings on the basis of differential dynamics of MTB-specific T-cell frequencies, impact of MTB antigen load on T-cell phenotype, and antigen-specific T-cell responses in tuberculosis. (c) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases
Making sense of dementia : understanding amongst indigenous Australians

Dementia is a growing health and social concern for all Australians. Whilst the prevalence of dementia amongst Australia's indigenous people is unclear, there is some evidence that dementia rates are five times that of the general Australian population. To date no studies have examined dementia knowledge levels in indigenous communities.\ud
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Purpose of the study: This paper aims to explore indigenous Australians' understanding, knowledge and misconceptions of dementia.\ud
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Design and methods: Hundered and seventy-four indigenous adults participated in a cross-sectional survey using a modified version of the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADK). The survey included demographic information, two open-ended questions and 20 multiple choice questions. Each ADK item was examined to identify responses that revealed commonly held correct beliefs, knowledge gaps and misconceptions.\ud
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Results: The overall level of understanding of dementia was poor. Younger participants were significantly more likely to have no knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease, whereas the other age groups were most likely to have at least some knowledge. It was also revealed that there are common misconceptions about Alzheimer's Disease held by both indigenous and non-indigenous communities.\ud
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Implications: Culturally appropriate awareness campaigns and targeted educational interventions need to be implemented to improve the general level of understanding of dementia in indigenous communities