pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The role of the superior temporal lobe in auditory false perceptions: A transcranial direct current stimulation study

AbstractNeuroimaging has shown that a network of cortical areas, which includes the superior temporal gyrus, is active during auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs). In the present study, healthy, non-hallucinating participants (N=30) completed an auditory signal detection task, in which participants were required to detect a voice in short bursts of white noise, with the variable of interest being the rate of false auditory verbal perceptions. This paradigm was coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation, a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, to test the involvement of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus in the creation of auditory false perceptions. The results showed that increasing the levels of excitability in this region led to a higher rate of ‘false alarm’ responses than when levels of excitability were decreased, with false alarm responses under a sham stimulation condition lying at a mid-point between anodal and cathodal stimulation conditions. There were also corresponding changes in signal detection parameters. These results are discussed in terms of prominent cognitive neuroscientific theories of AVHs, and potential future directions for research are outlined
Late time cosmic acceleration from natural infrared cutoff

AbstractIn this paper, inspired by the ultraviolet deformation of the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker geometry in loop quantum cosmology, we formulate an infrared-modified cosmological model. We obtain the associated deformed Friedmann and Raychaudhuri equations and we show that the late time cosmic acceleration can be addressed by the infrared corrections. As a particular example, we applied the setup to the case of matter dominated universe. This model has the same number of parameters as ΛCDM, but a dynamical dark energy generates in the matter dominated era at the late time. According to our model, as the universe expands, the energy density of the cold dark matter dilutes and when the Hubble parameter approaches to its minimum, the infrared effects dominate such that the effective equation of state parameter smoothly changes from weff=0 to weff=−2. Interestingly and nontrivially, the unstable de Sitter phase with weff=−1 is corresponding to Ωm=Ωd=0.5 and the universe crosses the phantom divide from the quintessence phase with weff>−1 and Ωm>Ωd to the phantom phase with weff<−1 and Ωm<Ωd which shows that the model is observationally viable. The results show that the universe finally ends up in a big rip singularity for a finite time proportional to the inverse of the minimum of the Hubble parameter. Moreover, we consider the dynamical stability of the model and we show that the universe starts from the matter dominated era at the past attractor with weff=0 and ends up in a future attractor at the big rip with weff=−2
Light gauge boson in rare K decay

AbstractWe study the production of a light gauge boson in K−→π−X decay, where the associated new charge current is not conserved. It is found that the process can be generated by the tree-level W-boson annihilation and loop-induced s→dX. We find that it strongly depends on the SU(3) limit or the unique gauge coupling to the quarks, whether the decay amplitude of K−→π−X in the W-boson annihilation is suppressed by mX2ϵX⋅pK; however, no such suppression is found via the loop-induced s→dX. The constraints on the relevant couplings are studied
First observation of Bs0→J/ψf0(980) decays

AbstractUsing data collected with the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the hadronic decay Bs0→J/ψf0(980) is observed. This CP eigenstate mode could be used to measure mixing-induced CP violation in the Bs0 system. Using a fit to the π+π− mass spectrum with interfering resonances gives Rf0/ϕ≡Γ(Bs0→J/ψf0,f0→π+π−)Γ(Bs0→J/ψϕ,ϕ→K+K−)=0.252−0.032−0.033+0.046+0.027. In the interval ±90 MeV around 980 MeV, corresponding to approximately two full f0 widths we also find R′≡Γ(Bs0→J/ψπ+π−,|m(π+π−)−980 MeV|<90 MeV)Γ(Bs0→J/ψϕ,ϕ→K+K−)=0.162±0.022±0.016, where in both cases the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively
A filtration of the modular representation functor

AbstractLet F and K be algebraically closed fields of characteristics p>0 and 0, respectively. For any finite group G we denote by KRF(G)=K⊗ZG0(FG) the modular representation algebra of G over K where G0(FG) is the Grothendieck group of finitely generated FG-modules with respect to exact sequences. The usual operations induction, inflation, restriction, and transport of structure with a group isomorphism between the finitely generated modules of group algebras over F induce maps between modular representation algebras making KRF an inflation functor. We show that the composition factors of KRF are precisely the simple inflation functors SC,Vi where C ranges over all nonisomorphic cyclic p′-groups and V ranges over all nonisomorphic simple KOut(C)-modules. Moreover each composition factor has multiplicity 1. We also give a filtration of KRF
Baryon stopping in heavy-ion collisions at Elab=2–160 GeV/nucleon

AbstractIt is argued that the experimentally observed baryon stopping may indicate (within the present experimental uncertainties) a non-monotonous behaviour as a function of the incident energy of colliding nuclei. This can be quantified by a midrapidity reduced curvature of the net-proton rapidity spectrum. The above non-monotonous behaviour reveals itself as a “zig-zag” irregularity in the excitation function of this curvature. The three-fluid dynamic calculations with a hadronic equation of state (EoS) fail to reproduce this irregularity. At the same time, the same calculations with an EoS involving a first-order phase transition into the quark–gluon phase do reproduce this “zig-zag” behaviour, however only qualitatively
FlightGear as a Tool for Real Time Fault-injection, Detection and Self-repair

AbstractThe development of fault-detection and self-healing methods at both a hardware and software level in modern aircraft is an attractive prospect. However it is expensive to design and test these techniques using real aircraft. This paper appraises the viability of using FlightGear, an open- source Flight Simulator, as a test-bed for these approaches. The paper characterises the realism of various aspects of a model of the Airbus A380. Interfaces are established to abstract critical control system routines from FlightGear. These functions are replicated in both software and hardware environments. The control data can then be subjected to fault-injection and the control modules modified to enable fault-detection and self-healing. By applying cluster analysis techniques to training sets of data, a fault-detection, diagnosis and self-healing model is designed to address these injected faults. FlightGear is found to provide highly realistic simulation of aircraft systems and instrumentation. Hardware-in-the-loop testing shows promise as an area for future work. The proposed fault-detection model is found to provide 96% accuracy
Suppression of ϒ(1S) at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractWe report on the measurement of the inclusive ϒ(1S) production in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV carried out at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4) and down to zero transverse momentum using its μ+μ− decay channel with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. A strong suppression of the inclusive ϒ(1S) yield is observed with respect to pp collisions scaled by the number of independent nucleon–nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, for events in the 0–90% centrality range, amounts to 0.30±0.05(stat)±0.04(syst). The observed ϒ(1S) suppression tends to increase with the centrality of the collision and seems more pronounced than in corresponding mid-rapidity measurements. Our results are compared with model calculations, which are found to underestimate the measured suppression and fail to reproduce its rapidity dependence
Influence of the physical environment on polar phytoplankton blooms: A case study in the Fram Strait

AbstractThe Fram Strait is the main gateway for water, heat and sea-ice exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. The complex physical environment results in a highly variable primary production in space and time. Previous regional studies have defined key bottom-up (ice cover and stratification from melt water controlling the light availability, and wind mixing and water transport affecting the supply of nutrients) and top-down processes (heterotrophic grazing). In this study, in situ field data, remote sensing and modeling techniques were combined to investigate in detail the influence of melting sea-ice and ocean properties on the development of phytoplankton blooms in the Fram Strait region for the years 1998–2009. Satellite-retrieved chlorophyll-a concentrations from temporarily ice-free zones were validated with contextual field data. These were then integrated per month on a grid size of 20×20km, resulting in 10 grids/fields. Factors tested for their influence on spatial and temporal variation of chlorophyll-a were: sea-ice concentration from satellite and sea-ice thickness, ocean stratification, water temperature and salinity time-series simulated by the ice-ocean model NAOSIM. The time series analysis for those ten ice-free fields showed a regional separation according to different physical processes affecting phytoplankton distribution. At the marginal ice zone the melting sea-ice was promoting phytoplankton growth by stratifying the water column and potentially seeding phytoplankton communities. In this zone, the highest mean chlorophyll concentration averaged for the productive season (April–August) of 0.8mgC/m3 was observed. In the open ocean the phytoplankton variability was correlated highest to stratification formed by solar heating of the upper ocean layers. Coastal zone around Svalbard showed processes associated with the presence of coastal ice were rather suppressing than promoting the phytoplankton growth. During the twelve years of observations, chlorophyll concentrations significantly increased in the southern part of the Fram Strait, associated with an increase in sea surface temperature and a decrease in Svalbard coastal ice
Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

AbstractWe present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function, C, with collision centrality in Au+Au interactions at sNN=200 GeV. This observable exhibits a strong dependence on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening of the near-side peak of C with increasing centrality to estimate the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, η/s, of the matter formed in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of η/s that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy
Structure and Dynamics of ER: Minimal Networks and Biophysical Constraints

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in live cells is a highly mobile network whose structure dynamically changes on a number of timescales. The role of such drastic changes in any system is unclear, although there are correlations with ER function. A better understanding of the fundamental biophysical constraints on the system will allow biologists to determine the effects of molecular factors on ER dynamics. Previous studies have identified potential static elements that the ER may remodel around. Here, we use these structural elements to assess biophysical principles behind the network dynamics. By analyzing imaging data of tobacco leaf epidermal cells under two different conditions, i.e., native state (control) and latrunculin B (treated), we show that the geometric structure and dynamics of ER networks can be understood in terms of minimal networks. Our results show that the ER network is well modeled as a locally minimal-length network between the static elements that potentially anchor the ER to the cell cortex over longer timescales; this network is perturbed by a mixture of random and deterministic forces. The network need not have globally minimum length; we observe cases where the local topology may change dynamically between different Euclidean Steiner network topologies. The networks in the treated cells are easier to quantify, because they are less dynamic (the treatment suppresses actin dynamics), but the same general features are found in control cells. Using a Langevin approach, we model the dynamics of the nonpersistent nodes and use this to show that the images can be used to estimate both local viscoelastic behavior of the cytoplasm and filament tension in the ER network. This means we can explain several aspects of the ER geometry in terms of biophysical principles
The Borsuk–Ulam theorem for maps into a surface

AbstractLet (X,τ,S) be a triple, where S is a compact, connected surface without boundary, and τ is a free cellular involution on a CW-complex X. The triple (X,τ,S) is said to satisfy the Borsuk–Ulam property if for every continuous map f:X→S, there exists a point x∈X satisfying f(τ(x))=f(x). In this paper, we formulate this property in terms of a relation in the 2-string braid group B2(S) of S. If X is a compact, connected surface without boundary, we use this criterion to classify all triples (X,τ,S) for which the Borsuk–Ulam property holds. We also consider various cases where X is not necessarily a surface without boundary, but has the property that π1(X/τ) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of such a surface. If S is different from the 2-sphere S2 and the real projective plane RP2, then we show that the Borsuk–Ulam property does not hold for (X,τ,S) unless either π1(X/τ)≅π1(RP2), or π1(X/τ) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a compact, connected non-orientable surface of genus 2 or 3 and S is non-orientable. In the latter case, the veracity of the Borsuk–Ulam property depends further on the choice of involution τ; we give a necessary and sufficient condition for it to hold in terms of the surjective homomorphism π1(X/τ)→Z2 induced by the double covering X→X/τ. The cases S=S2,RP2 are treated separately
Strategies for cancer prevention in India—Catching the ‘low hanging fruits’

AbstractCancer is a growing problem in India, with over 1 million new cases estimated in 2012 alone. In November 2013, organizers of the Indian Cancer Congress (a joint meeting of four of the largest oncology associations in India) invited a panel with mixed expertise including epidemiology, surgical oncology, health economics, environmental science, and health systems to conduct a round table meeting on strategies for cancer prevention in India, with a special focus on non-tobacco risk factors. We present a summary of the group recommendations here. While tobacco use remains the most important preventable cause of cancer, a substantial number of preventable cancers can be attributed to non-tobacco risk factors including infections, alcohol use, dietary factors, physical activity/body composition, and environmental and occupational exposures. Strategies presented range from early diagnosis of cancers (including innovative health communication strategies to increase awareness), to consideration of secure spaces and facilities for exercise in urban design and planning. Cancer prevention and the control of non-communicable disease risk factors should be an integral part of the risk-benefit analysis of cross-sectoral and international trade agreements, as well as public policy directed at the Indian agro-economy
Gaia Data Release 1. Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations,
  and future prospects

Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric
Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides
the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated
using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We
investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by
means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax
and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations
within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the
internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects
of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of
the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are
still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of
least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster
parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with
earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the
Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that
discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the
cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether
those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the
clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters
far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership
assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows
the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly
increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs.Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A. 21 pages main text plus 46 pages
  appendices. 34 figures main text, 38 figures appendices. 8 table in main
  text, 19 tables in appendice
Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ to l nu q q-bar
  production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple
gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton-proton
collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that
decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a
single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the CMS
detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 inverse
femtobarns. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the
following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: lambda ([-0.011,
0.011]), Delta kappa[gamma] ([-0.044, 0.063]), and Delta g[1,Z] ([-0.0087,
0.024]). These limits are also translated into their effective field theory
equivalents: c[WWW] / Lambda^2 ([-2.7, 2.7] TeV^{-2}), c[B] / Lambda^2 ([-14,
17] TeV^{-2}), and c[W] / Lambda^2 ([-2.0, 5.7] TeV^{-2}).Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All
  the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-13-00
Energy dependence of J/ψ production in Au + Au collisions at √ s NN = 39,62.4 and 200 GeV

The inclusive J/ψ transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors are reported at mid-rapidity (|y|<1.0) in Au + Au collisions at √sNN= 39, 62.4 and 200 GeV taken by the STAR experiment. A suppression of J/ψ production, with respect to the production in p + p scaled by the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions, is observed in central Au + Au collisions at these three energies. No significant energy dependence of nuclear modification factors is found within uncertainties. The measured nuclear modification factors can be described by model calculations that take into account both suppression of direct J/ψ production due to the color screening effect and J/ψ regeneration from recombination of uncorrelated charm–anticharm quark pairs
Measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with √s = 7 TeV and comparison with √s = 0:9 TeV

A measurement of the underlying activity in events with a jet of transverse momentum in the several GeV region is performed in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 0:9 and 7TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The production of charged particles with pseudorapidity |η|<2 and transverse momentum pT >0:5 GeV/c is studied in the azimuthal region transverse to that of the leading set of charged particles forming a track-jet. A significant growth of the average multiplicity and scalar-pT sum of the particles in the transverse region is observed with increasing pT of the leading trackjet, followed by a much slower rise above a few GeV/c. For track-jet pT larger than a few GeV/c, the activity in the transverse region is approximately doubled with a centreof- mass energy increase from 0:9 to 7TeV. Predictions of several QCD-inspired models as implemented in pythia are compared to the data.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Fast and accurate clothoid fitting

An effective solution to the problem of Hermite $G^1$ interpolation with a
clothoid curve is provided. At the beginning the problem is naturally
formulated as a system of nonlinear equations with multiple solutions that is
generally difficult to solve numerically. All the solutions of this nonlinear
system are reduced to the computation of the zeros of a single nonlinear
equation. A simple strategy, together with the use of a good and simple guess
function, permits to solve the single nonlinear equation with a few iterations
of the Newton--Raphson method.
  The computation of the clothoid curve requires the computation of Fresnel and
Fresnel related integrals. Such integrals need asymptotic expansions near
critical values to avoid loss of precision. This is necessary when, for
example, the solution of interpolation problem is close to a straight line or
an arc of circle. Moreover, some special recurrences are deduced for the
efficient computation of asymptotic expansion.
  The reduction of the problem to a single nonlinear function in one variable
and the use of asymptotic expansions make the solution algorithm fast and
robust.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 9 Algorithm Table
Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV are presented, based on 2.9 inverse picobarns of data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements, performed in the electron and muon decay channels, are combined to give sigma(pp to WX) times B(W to muon or electron + neutrino) = 9.95 \pm 0.07(stat.) \pm 0.28(syst.) \pm 1.09(lumi.) nb and sigma(pp to ZX) times B(Z to oppositely charged muon or electron pairs) = 0.931 \pm 0.026(stat.) \pm 0.023(syst.) \pm 0.102(lumi.) nb. Theoretical predictions, calculated at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recent parton distribution functions, are in agreement with the measured cross sections. Ratios of cross sections, which incur an experimental systematic uncertainty of less than 4%, are also reported