pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Enrolment of older people in social health protection programs in West Africa – Does social exclusion play a part?

AbstractAlthough the population of older people in Africa is increasing, and older people are becoming increasingly vulnerable due to urbanisation, breakdown of family structures and rising healthcare costs, most African countries have no social health protection for older people. Two exceptions include Senegal's Plan Sesame, a user fees exemption for older people and Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) where older people are exempt from paying premiums. Evidence on whether older people are aware of and enrolling in these schemes is however lacking. We aim to fill this gap. Besides exploring economic indicators, we also investigate whether social exclusion determines enrolment of older people. This is the first study that tries to explore the social, political, economic and cultural (SPEC) dimensions of social exclusion in the context of social health protection programs for older people. Data were collected by two cross-sectional household surveys conducted in Ghana and Senegal in 2012. We develop SPEC indices and conduct logistic regressions to study the determinants of enrolment. Our results indicate that older people vulnerable to social exclusion in all SPEC dimensions are less likely to enrol in Plan Sesame and those that are vulnerable in the political dimension are less likely to enrol in NHIS. Efforts should be taken to specifically enrol older people in rural areas, ethnic minorities, women and those isolated due to a lack of social support. Consideration should also be paid to modify scheme features such as eliminating the registration fee for older people in NHIS and creating administration offices for ID cards in remote communities in Senegal
Risk-factors for methadone-specific deaths in Scotland’s methadone-prescription clients between 2009 and 2013*

AbstractAimTo quantify gender, age-group and quantity of methadone prescribed as risk factors for drugs-related deaths (DRDs), and for methadone-specific DRDs, in Scotland’s methadone-prescription clients.DesignLinkage to death-records for Scotland’s methadone-clients with one or more Community Health Index (CHI)-identified methadone prescriptions during July 2009 to June 2013.SettingScotland’s Prescribing Information System and National Records of Scotland.MeasurementsCovariates defined at first CHI-identified methadone prescription, and person-years at-risk (pys) thereafter until the earlier of death-date or 31 December 2013. Methadone-specific DRDs were defined as: methadone implicated but neither heroin nor buprenorphine. Hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using proportional hazards regression.FindingsScotland’s CHI-identified methadone-prescription cohort comprised 33,128 clients, 121,254 pys, 1,171 non-DRDs and 760 DRDs (6.3 per 1,000 pys), of which 362 were methadone-specific. Irrespective of gender, methadone-specific DRD-rate, per 1,000 pys, was higher in the 35+ age-group (4.2; 95% CI: 3.6–4.7) than for younger clients (1.9; 95% CI: 1.5–2.2). For methadone-specific DRDs, age-related HRs (e.g., 2.9 at 45+ years; 95% CI: 2.1–3.9) were steeper than for all DRDs (1.9; 95% CI: 1.5–2.4); there was no hazard-reduction for females; no gender by age-group interaction; and, unlike for all DRDs, the highest quintile for quantity of prescribed methadone at cohort-entry (>1960mg) was associated with increased HR (1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.5).ConclusionHigher methadone-specific DRD rates in older clients, irrespective of gender, call for better understanding of methadone’s pharmaco-dynamics in older, opioid-dependent clients, many with progressive physical or mental ill-health
Native lysozyme and dry-heated lysozyme interactions with membrane lipid monolayers: Lateral reorganization of LPS monolayer, model of the Escherichia coli outer membrane

AbstractLysozyme is mainly described active against Gram-positive bacteria, but is also efficient against some Gram-negative species. Especially, it was recently demonstrated that lysozyme disrupts Escherichia coli membranes. Moreover, dry-heating changes the physicochemical properties of the protein and increases the membrane activity of lysozyme. In order to elucidate the mode of insertion of lysozyme into the bacterial membrane, the interaction between lysozyme and a LPS monolayer mimicking the E. coli outer membrane has been investigated by tensiometry, ellipsometry, Brewster angle microscopy and atomic force microscopy. It was thus established that lysozyme has a high affinity for the LPS monolayer, and is able to insert into the latter as long as polysaccharide moieties are present, causing reorganization of the LPS monolayer. Dry-heating increases the lysozyme affinity for the LPS monolayer and its insertion capacity; the resulting reorganization of the LPS monolayer is different and more drastic than with the native protein
Superdeformation in asymmetric N>Z nucleus 40Ar

AbstractA rotational band with five γ-ray transitions ranging from 2+ to 12+ states was identified in 40Ar. This band is linked through γ transitions from the excited 2+, 4+ and 6+ levels to the low-lying states; this determines the excitation energy and the spin–parity of the band. The deduced transition quadrupole moment of 1.45−0.31+0.49±0.15 eb indicates that the band has a superdeformed shape. The nature of the band is revealed by cranked Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov calculations and a multiparticle–multihole configuration is assigned to the band
IEA Annex 58: Full-scale Empirical Validation of Detailed Thermal Simulation Programs

AbstractAs simulation programs become more widely used for building performance assessment and building regulations compliance, there is a need to ensure that there are good quality empirical datasets which can be used to assess the predictive accuracy of these programs. This paper summarises a detailed experiment carried out on two identical full-scale buildings located at the Fraunhofer IBP test site at Holzkirchen in Germany and the associated modelling of the buildings. The work was undertaken as part of IEA ECB Annex 58 “Reliable building energy performance characterization based on full scale dynamic measurements”. The test sequence, applied to the side-by-side validation experiment conducted on the multi-roomed Twin Houses, consisted of periods of constant internal temperatures, a period of pseudo-random heat injections and a free-float period. All boundary and internal conditions were comprehensively monitored. Modelling teams were given details of the buildings and the boundary conditions, and over 20 teams submitted their predictions of the internal conditions which were subsequently compared with measurements. The paper focuses on a sensitivity study carried out to assess the overall prediction uncertainty resulting from the uncertainties in the input parameters, as well as identifying those inputs which had the most influence on predictions. An assessment of the measurement uncertainty is also included
Effectiveness and Content Analysis of Interventions to Enhance Oral Antidiabetic Drug Adherence in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the pooled effect size of oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) adherence-enhancing interventions and to explore which of the behavior change techniques (BCTs) applied in the intervention groups modified this pooled intervention effect size.MethodsWe searched relevant studies published until September 3, 2013, on MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Current Contents Connect, and Web of Science. Selected studies were qualitatively synthesized, and those of at least medium quality were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to pool effectiveness (Hedges’s g) and to examine heterogeneity (Higgins I2). We also explored the influence on the pooled effectiveness of unique intervention BCTs (those delivered to the intervention groups but not control groups in a trial) by estimating their modifying effects.ResultsFourteen studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled effectiveness of the interventions was 0.21 (95% confidence interval −0.05 to 0.47; I2 = 82%). Eight unique BCTs were analyzed. “Cope with side effects” (P = 0.003) and “general intention formation” (P = 0.006) had a modifying effect on the pooled effectiveness. The pooled effectiveness of the interventions in which “cope with side effects” was applied was moderate (0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.31–0.96; I2 = 56%).ConclusionsThe overall effectiveness of OAD adherence-enhancing interventions that have been tested is small. Helping patients cope with side effects or formulate desired treatment outcomes could have an impact on the effectiveness of OAD adherence-enhancing interventions. Only those interventions that include helping patients to cope with side effects appear to be particularly effective in improving OAD adherence
The 3-loop pure singlet heavy flavor contributions to the structure function F2(x,Q2) and the anomalous dimension

AbstractThe pure singlet asymptotic heavy flavor corrections to 3-loop order for the deep-inelastic scattering structure function F2(x,Q2) and the corresponding transition matrix element AQq(3),PS in the variable flavor number scheme are computed. In Mellin-N space these inclusive quantities depend on generalized harmonic sums. We also recalculate the complete 3-loop pure singlet anomalous dimension for the first time. Numerical results for the Wilson coefficients, the operator matrix element and the contribution to the structure function F2(x,Q2) are presented
Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow in Absolute Terms Using 82Rb PET Imaging The RUBY-10 Study

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) estimates from rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (82Rb PET) data using 10 software packages (SPs) based on 8 tracer kinetic models.BackgroundIt is unknown how MBF and MFR values from existing SPs agree for 82Rb PET.MethodsRest and stress 82Rb PET scans of 48 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease were analyzed in 10 centers. Each center used 1 of 10 SPs to analyze global and regional MBF using the different kinetic models implemented. Values were considered to agree if they simultaneously had an intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75 and a difference <20% of the median across all programs.ResultsThe most common model evaluated was the Ottawa Heart Institute 1-tissue compartment model (OHI-1-TCM). MBF values from 7 of 8 SPs implementing this model agreed best. Values from 2 other models (alternative 1-TCM and Axially distributed) also agreed well, with occasional differences. The MBF results from other models (e.g., 2-TCM and retention) were less in agreement with values from OHI-1-TCM.ConclusionsSPs using the most common kinetic model—OHI-1-TCM—provided consistent results in measuring global and regional MBF values, suggesting that they may be used interchangeably to process data acquired with a common imaging protocol
Pion production in p + p interactions and Be + Be collisions at the CERN SPS energies

AbstractEvidence for the onset of deconfinement in central Pb + Pb collisions was reported by NA49 in fixed target measurements at beam momentum 30A GeV/c. This observation motivated the NA61/SHINE program started in 2009 at the CERN SPS, which, in particular, aims to study properties of the onset of deconfinement by measurements of hadron production in proton-proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions.This contribution presents spectra of charged pions produced in p + p interactions and 7Be + 9Be collisions at 20A–158AGeV/c beam momentum. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with the corresponding NA49 data from central Pb + Pb collisions at the same beam momenta per nucleon
Precision diabetes: learning from monogenic diabetes

This is the final version of the article. Available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this record.The precision medicine approach of tailoring treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient or subgroup has been a great success in monogenic diabetes subtypes, MODY and neonatal diabetes. This review examines what has led to the success of a precision medicine approach in monogenic diabetes (precision diabetes) and outlines possible implications for type 2 diabetes. For monogenic diabetes, the molecular genetics can define discrete aetiological subtypes that have profound implications on diabetes treatment and can predict future development of associated clinical features, allowing early preventative or supportive treatment. In contrast, type 2 diabetes has overlapping polygenic susceptibility and underlying aetiologies, making it difficult to define discrete clinical subtypes with a dramatic implication for treatment. The implementation of precision medicine in neonatal diabetes was simple and rapid as it was based on single clinical criteria (diagnosed <6 months of age). In contrast, in MODY it was more complex and slow because of the lack of single criteria to identify patients, but it was greatly assisted by the development of a diagnostic probability calculator and associated smartphone app. Experience in monogenic diabetes suggests that successful adoption of a precision diabetes approach in type 2 diabetes will require simple, quick, easily accessible stratification that is based on a combination of routine clinical data, rather than relying on newer technologies. Analysing existing clinical data from routine clinical practice and trials may provide early success for precision medicine in type 2 diabetes.This work is supported by the MASTERMIND Consortium sponsored by the Medical Research Council (MRC; MR-K005707-1) and by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award given to ATH (and S. Ellard, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK [WT098395/Z/12/Z]). The work is also supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Facility
Responsible management: Engaging moral reflexive practice through threshold concepts

YesIn this conceptual paper we argue that, to date, principles of responsible management have not impacted practice as anticipated because of a disconnect between knowledge and practice. This disconnect means that an awareness of ethical concerns, by itself, does not help students take personal responsibility for their actions. We suggest that an abstract knowledge of principles has to be supplemented by an engaged understanding of the responsibility of managers and leaders to actively challenge irresponsible practices. We argue that a form of moral reflexive practice drawing on an understanding of threshold concepts is central to responsible management, and provides a gateway to transformative learning. Our conceptual argument leads to implications for management and professional education
Accelerated nonlocal nonsymmetric dispersion for monostable equations on
  the real line

We consider the accelerated propagation of solutions to equations with a
nonlocal linear dispersion on the real line and monostable nonlinearities (both
local or nonlocal, however, not degenerated at $0$), in the case when either of
the dispersion kernel or the initial condition has regularly heavy tails at
both $\pm\infty$, perhaps different. We show that, in such case, the
propagation to the right direction is fully determined by the right tails of
either the kernel or the initial condition. We describe both cases of
integrable and monotone initial conditions which may give different orders of
the acceleration. Our approach is based, in particular, on the extension of the
theory of sub-exponential distributions, which we introduced early in
arXiv:1704.05829 [math.PR]
Effect of gender on quality and nutritive value of dromedary camel (#Camelus dromedarius#) #longissimus lumborum# muscle

This study aimed to determine the effect of gender on nutritive value of dromedary camel longissimus lumborum (collagen content, amino acids and fatty acids). Fourteen longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles (from 7 males and 7 females) were collected from 2 to 3 year old camels. Animals were fattened by herders and slaughtered following commercial slaughterhouse procedures in Sudan. Samples were collected between the 1st and 5th lumbar vertebrae of the right carcass side. There was no effect of gender on intramuscular fat content, insoluble OH proline and total OH proline (μg/DM). Additionally no significant differences were found in amino acid composition between genders. However, muscles from female camels had significantly (P < 0.05) higher arginine content (1460 mg/100 g) than males (1460 mg/100 g). The results showed no significant differences between genders for total saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions in camel meat. In contrast significant differences were revealed for some specific MUFA and PUFA (18:1 delta 10–11 trans, × 1.51, (P = 0.05), CLA (trans 11, cis 9 18:2, × 1.33% (P = 0.11) and trans 10, cis 12 18:2, × 5.7, (P = 0.03) in female muscles). PUFA/SFA ratio was found closer to the recommended value for human nutrition (0.45). Also the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower than the recommended values for healthy human diets (4.0). Altogether, these results indicated high nutritive value of dromedary camel meat compared to meat from other farm animals. (Résumé d'auteur
Cross section measurement of t-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

The cross section for the production of single top quarks in the t channel is measured in proton–proton collisions at 13TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.2fb−1. The event selection requires one muon and two jets where one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Several kinematic variables are then combined into a multivariate discriminator to distinguish signal from background events. A fit to the distribution of the discriminating variable yields a total cross section of 238±13(stat)±29(syst) pb and a ratio of top quark and top antiquark production of Rt-ch.=1.81±0.18(stat)±0.15(syst). From the total cross section the absolute value of the CKM matrix element Vtb is calculated to be 1.05±0.07(exp)±0.02(theo). All results are in agreement with the standard model prediction
The completeness of quantum theory for predicting measurement outcomes

The predictions that quantum theory makes about the outcomes of measurements
are generally probabilistic. This has raised the question whether quantum
theory can be considered complete, or whether there could exist alternative
theories that provide improved predictions. Here we review recent work that
considers arbitrary alternative theories, constrained only by the requirement
that they are compatible with a notion of "free choice" (defined with respect
to a natural causal order). It is shown that quantum theory is "maximally
informative", i.e., there is no other compatible theory that gives improved
predictions. Furthermore, any alternative maximally informative theory is
necessarily equivalent to quantum theory. This means that the state a system
has in such a theory is in one-to-one correspondence with its
quantum-mechanical state (the wave function). In this sense, quantum theory is
complete.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures. This is an expanded and more pedagogical version
  of arXiv:1005.5173 and arXiv:1111.6597 that discusses in detail the relation
  to other result
Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons. The analysis is based on a 19.7fb-1 sample of proton-proton collisions at s=8TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background. The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value. No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined. These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Hopf solitons in the Nicole model.\ud
\ud

The Nicole model is a conformal field theory in a three-dimensional space. It has topological soliton solutions classified by the integer-valued Hopf charge, and all currently known solitons are axially symmetric. A volume-preserving flow is used to construct soliton solutions numerically for all Hopf charges from 1 to 8. It is found that the known axially symmetric solutions are unstable for Hopf charges greater than 2 and new lower energy solutions are obtained that include knots and links. A comparison with the Skyrme–Faddeev model suggests many universal features, though there are some differences in the link types obtained in the two theories
Measurement of the D+/- production asymmetry in 7 TeV pp collisions

The asymmetry in the production cross-section \sigma of D+/- mesons, A_P = (\sigma(D+) - \sigma(D-))/(\sigma(D+) + \sigma(D-)), is measured in bins of pseudorapidity \eta and transverse momentum p_T within the acceptance of the LHCb detector. The result is obtained with a sample of D+ -> K_S pi+ decays corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb^-1, collected in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. When integrated over the kinematic range 2.0 < p_T < 18.0 GeV/c and 2.20 < \eta < 4.75, the production asymmetry is A_P = (-0.96+/-0.26+/-0.18)%. The uncertainties quoted are statistical and systematic, respectively. The result assumes that any direct CP violation in the D+ -> K_S pi+ decay is negligible. No significant dependence on \eta or p_T is observed
An analysis of bimanual actions in natural feeding of semi-wild chimpanzees

Objective The objective of the current study was to investigate the lateral dominance for a bimanually coordinated natural feeding behavior in semi-wild chimpanzees. Materials and Methods We investigated strychnos spp. fruit consumption behaviors in semi-wild chimpanzees as an ecologically comparable feeding behavior to those found in cerebral lateralization studies of non-primate species. Video recordings of thirty-three chimpanzees were assessed while they consumed hard-shelled strychnos fruits. We explored statistical and descriptive measures of hand dominance to highlight lateralized patterns. Results Statistical evaluation of feeding bouts revealed a group-level right-handed bias for bimanual coordinated feeding actions, however few individuals were statistically lateralized. Descriptive analyses revealed that the majority of individuals were lateralized and possessed a right-handed bias for strychnos feeding behavior. Discussion The results provide empirical evidence in supports of an early evolutionary delineation of function for the right and left hemispheres. The present findings suggest that great apes express an intermediate stage along the phylogenetic trajectory of human manual lateralization