pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A model of influence with a continuum of actions

International audienceWe generalize a two-action (yes-no) model of influence to a framework in which every player has a continuum of actions, among which he has to choose one. We assume the set of actions to be an interval. Each player has an inclination to choose one of the actions. Due to influence among players, the final decision of a player, i.e., his choice of one action, may be different from his original inclination. In particular, a coalition of players with the same inclination may influence another player with different inclination, and as a result of this influence, the decision of the player is closer to the inclination of the influencing coalition than his inclination was. We introduce a measure of such a positive influence of a coalition on a player. Several unanimous influence functions in this generalized framework are considered. Also the set of fixed points under a given influence function is analyzed. Furthermore, we study linear influence functions and discuss their convergence. For a linear unanimous function, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the positive influence of a coalition on a player, and we calculate the value of the influence index. We also introduce a measure of a negative influence of a coalition on a player
Method and Instruments for Modeling Integrated Knowledge

International audienceMIMIK (Method and Instruments for Modeling Integrated Knowledge) is a set of tools used to formalize and represent knowledge within organizations. It furthermore supports knowledge creation and sharing within communities of interest or communities of practice. In this paper we show that MIMIK is based on a model theory approach and builds on other existing methods and techniques. We also explain how to use the method and its instruments in order to model strategic objectives, processes, knowledge, and roles found within an organization, as well as relations existing between these elements. Indeed MIMIK provides eight types of models in order to describe what is commonly called know-how, know-why and know-what; it uses matrices in order to formally and semantically link strategic objectives, knowledge and actors. We close this paper with a presentation of a prototype we built in order to demonstrate a technical architecture allowing for knowledge creation, formalization and sharing
A survey on the public perception of CCS in France

International audienceAn awareness and opinion survey on Carbon Capture and Storage was conducted on a representative sample of French aged 15 years and above. About 6\% of respondents were able to provide a satisfying definition of the technology. The key question about 'approval of or opposition to' the use of CCS in France was asked twice, first after presenting the technology, then after exposing the potential adverse consequences. Approval rates, 59\% and 38\%, show that there is no a priori rejection of the technology. The sample was split in two to test for a semantic effect: questioning one half about 'Stockage' (English: storage), the other about 'Sequestration'. Manipulating the vocabulary had no statistically significant effect on approval rates. Stockage is more meaningful, but does not convey the idea of permanent monitoring
Components of rainy seasons variability in Equatorial East Africa : onset, cessation, rainfall frequency and intensity

International audienceThe interannual and spatial variability of different rainfall variables is analysed over Equatorial East Africa (Kenya and northeastern Tanzania). At station level, three variables are considered: the total precipitation amount (P), the number of rain days (NRD) and the daily rainfall intensity (INT). Using a network of 34 stations, inter-station correlations (1958-1987) are computed for each of these variables. The spatial coherence of monthly or seasonal P and NRD is always much higher than that of rainfall intensity. However, large variations in spatial coherence are found in the course of the seasonal cycle. Coherence is highest at the peak of the Short Rains (October-December), and low during the Long Rains (March-May), except at its beginning. The interannual variability of the onset and cessation of the rains is next considered, at regional scale, and the study extended to 2001. In the Long Rains, the onset and cessation dates are independent of NRD and INT during the rainy season. Hence the Long Rains seasonal rainfall total depends on a combination of virtually unrelated factors, which may account for the difficulty in its prediction. However, the onset, which exhibits a large interannual variability and a strong spatial coherence, has a prime role. In the Short Rains conversely, though the onset is again more decisive than the cessation, the different intra-seasonal descriptors of the rains are more strongly interrelated
1,2-Dihydrophosphete: A Platform for the Molecular Engineering of Electroluminescent Phosphorus Materials for Light-Emitting Devices

International audienceThe discovery and molecular engineering of novel electroluminescent emitting materials is still a challenge in optoelectronics. In this work, we report on the development of new π-conjugated oligomers incorporating a dihydrophosphete skeleton. Variation of the substitution pattern of 1,2-dihydrophosphete derivatives and chemical modification of their P atoms afford thermally stable derivatives which are suitable emitters to construct organic light-emitting diodes. The optical and the electrochemical properties of these new P-based oligomers have been investigated in detail and are supported by DFT calculations. The OLED devices exhibit good performance and current independent CIE coordinate
Interdisciplinary characterisation and environmental imprints of mining and forestry in the upper Durance valley (France) during the Holocene

International audienceThe upper Durance valley contains the largest silverelead mines of the French Southern Alps. We investigated the characterisation and impact of these mining activities and associated forestry in the Argentière (L'Argentière-La Bessée) and Faravel (Freissinières) districts using a multidisciplinary approach that includes archaeological, palynological, geochemical, anthracological and dendrochrono-logical studies applied to mining remnants and a peat bog (Fangeas, in the Faravel district). More specifically , we studied the occurrence of lead contamination episodes, the chronology of mining activities and their link to the evolution in woodland cover. Our chronology is based on mining archaeology, radiocarbon dating of about thirty charcoal samples and the dendrochronological analysis of more than 170 specimens of exhumed waterlogged wood. The anthracological analysis was established with more than 10,000 charcoals from firesetting. The main geochemical approach was based on the analysis of lead and its stable isotopes in sediment fractions from a peat core. The combination of palynological records and lead isotope imprints were used to characterise (i) a Roman contamination episode unknown to archaeology, (ii) the development of medieval mining activities and (iii) the reactivation of mining during the Modern period and the Industrial Revolution. Medieval mining coincides with an extension of the high mountain agropastoral areas. The in situ continuous human activities in the same industrial territory led to rational communal management of subalpine forests, but also to their parcelling that reached its peak in the High Middle Ages. Mining during the Modern period coincides with significant stress on woodland areas that also appears to be related to lumber and fuel timber production for shipyards (French Royal Navy) as well as the functioning of several military fortresses. The mining reactivation during the 19th c. matched public measures of forest protection that took shape in the afforestation programme of the uplands
Exhumation of high-pressure rocks driven by slab rollback

International audienceRocks metamorphosed under high-pressure (HP) and ultra high-pressure (UHP) conditions in subduction zones come back to the surface relatively soon after their burial and at rates comparable to plate boundary velocities. In the Mediterranean realm, their occurrence in several belts related to a single subduction event shows that the burial­exhumation cycle is a recurrent transient process. Using the Calabria­Apennine and Aegean belts as examples, we show that the exhumation of HP rocks is associated in time and space with the subduction of small continental lithosphere blocks that triggers slab rollback, creating the necessary space for the exhumation of the buoyant continental crust that was deeply buried just before. The buoyancy force of the subducted crust increases until this crust detaches from the downgoing slab. It then exhumes at a rate that depends directly on the velocity of trench retreat to become part of the overriding plate. Heated from below by the asthenosphere that flows into the opening mantle wedge, the exhumed crust weakens and undergoes core-complex-type extension, responsible for a second stage of exhumation at a lower rate. The full sequence of events that characterizes this model (crust­mantle delamination, slab rollback and trench retreat, HP rock exhumation, asthenosphere heating and core-complex formation) arises entirely from the initial condition imposed by the subduction of a small continental block. No specific condition is required regarding the rheology and erosion rate of HP rocks. The burial­exhumation cycle is transient and can recur every time a small continental block is subducted
Computing zero deficiency realizations of kinetic systems

In the literature, there exist strong results on the qualitative dynamical properties of chemical reaction networks (also called kinetic systems) governed by the mass action law and having zero deficiency. However, it is known that different network structures with different deficiencies may correspond to the same kinetic differential equations. In this paper, an optimization-based approach is presented for the computation of deficiency zero reaction network structures that are linearly conjugate to a given kinetic dynamics. Through establishing an equivalent condition for zero deficiency, the problem is traced back to the solution of an appropriately constructed mixed integer linear programming problem. Furthermore, it is shown that weakly reversible deficiency zero realizations can be determined in polynomial time using standard linear programming. Two examples are given for the illustration of the proposed methods. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Marginal abatement cost curves and the optimal timing of mitigation measures

International audienceDecision makers facing abatement targets need to decide which abatement measures to implement, and in which order. Measure-explicit marginal abatement cost curves depict the cost and abating potential of available mitigation options. Using a simple intertemporal optimization model, we demonstrate why this information is not sufficient to design emission reduction strategies. Because the measures required to achieve ambitious emission reductions cannot be implemented overnight, the optimal strategy to reach a short-term target depends on longer-term targets. For instance, the best strategy to achieve European's -20% by 2020 target may be to implement some expensive, high-potential, and long-to-implement options required to meet the -75% by 2050 target. Using just the cheapest abatement options to reach the 2020 target can create a carbon-intensive lock-in and make the 2050 target too expensive to reach. Designing mitigation policies requires information on the speed at which various measures to curb greenhouse gas emissions can be implemented, in addition to the information on the costs and potential of such measures provided by marginal abatement cost curves
A set of enhanced formulations for existing nonlinear homogenization schemes and their evaluation

International audienceOn the basis of non-biased comparative evaluations of various linearization procedures used in nonlinear homogenization, performed both at the global and local scales for power-law composites [37, 39, 40], we propose in this paper six ad hoc enhancements of some of the linearization procedures considered in [39]. Both "stress-strain" approaches (the secant and affine formulations) or "variational formulations" (the tangent second-order method [33]) are considered. The main idea consists in proposing alternatives for the usual reference strains used by the secant, affine and tangent second-order procedures. The new linear comparison composites generated by the linearization step around the chosen alternative descriptors of the strain field statistics explicitly account for either intraphase strain fluctuations or both inter- and intraphase strain fluctuations. As a first illustration, the relevance and limitations of the enhanced linearization procedures are tested for rigidly-reinforced and porous power-law composites. For isochoric loadings, it is shown that two variants of the enhanced tangent second-order formulation lead to accurate estimates of the exact effective response which are in good agreement with the efficient second-order scheme of Ponte Castañeda [35]. Further, the modified secant formulation provides good results for strongly nonlinear rigidly-reinforced composites away from low particulate volume fraction and the percolation threshold; however some new inherent limitations of secant formulations are also established. At last, a very discriminant situation is tested: it consists of a porous medium submitted to a pure hydrostatic loading at low pore concentrations. It is shown that one variant of the proposed enhanced second-order formulations leads to accurate estimates alike the efficient and more sophisticated formulations proposed in [3, 9]
Interventional planning and assistance for ascending aorta dissections

International audienceIn this paper, we present our global image processing framework of interventional planning and assistance for ascending aorta dissections. The preoperative stage of that framework performs the extraction of aortic dissection features in Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images. It mainly consists of a customized fast marching segmentation. The intraoperative stage of that framework realizes medical images registration and proposes data visualization enhancement; standard X-ray fluoroscopic images are used as the reference modality. We use our recently introduced registration method based on image transformation descriptors (ITDs) and usual 3D/2D techniques (based on digitally reconstructed radiographs). The first stage provides aortic dissection features and is to help clinicians for the planning. The second stage provides an augmented reality visualization and would be used for assistance during the intervention. As far as we know, this is the first complete image processing framework which focuses on the ascending aorta dissection (minimally invasive) endovascular treatment
A new method of reconstructing the P-T conditions of fluid circulation in an accretionary prism (Shimanto, Japan) from microthermometry of methane-bearing aqueous inclusions

International audienceIn paleo-accretionary prisms and the shallow metamorphic domains of orogens, circulating fluids trapped in inclusions are commonly composed of a mixture of salt water and methane, producing two types of fluid inclusions: methane-bearing aqueous and methane-rich gaseous fluid inclusions. In such geological settings, where multiple stages of deformation, veining and fluid influx are prevalent, textural relationships between aqueous and gaseous inclusions are often ambiguous, preventing the microthermometric determination of fluid trapping pressure and temperature conditions. To assess the P-T conditions of deep circulating fluids from the Hyuga unit of the Shimanto paleo-accretionary prism on Kyushu, Japan, we have developed a new computational code, applicable to the H2O-CH4-NaCl system, which allows the characterization of CH4-bearing aqueous inclusions using only the temperatures of their phase transitions estimated by microthermometry: Tmi, the melting temperature of ice; Thyd, the melting temperature of gas hydrate and Th,aq, homogenization temperature. This thermodynamic modeling calculates the bulk density and composition of aqueous inclusions, as well as their P-T isochoric paths in a P-T diagram with an estimated precision of approximatively 10 %. We use this computational tool to reconstruct the entrapment P-T conditions of aqueous inclusions in the Hyuga unit, and we show that these aqueous inclusions cannot be cogenetic with methane gaseous inclusions present in the same rocks. As a result, we propose that pulses of a high-pressure, methane-rich fluid transiently percolated through a rock wetted by a lower-pressure aqueous fluid. By coupling microthermometric results with petrological data, we infer that the exhumation of the Hyuga unit from the peak metamorphic conditions was nearly isothermal and ended up under a very hot geothermal gradient. In subduction or collision zones, modeling aqueous fluid inclusions in the ternary H2O-CH4-NaCl system and not simply in the binary H2O-NaCl is necessary, as the addition of even a small amount of methane to the water raises significantly the isochores to higher pressures. Our new code provides therefore the possibility to estimate precisely the pressure conditions of fluids circulating at depth
Clinical and molecular delineation of Tetrasomy 9p syndrome: Report of 12 new cases and literature review

International audienceTetrasomy 9p is a generic term describing the presence of a supernumerary chromosome incorporating two copies of the 9p arm. Two varieties exist: isodicentric chromosome 9p (i(9p)), where the two 9p arms are linked by a single centromeric region, and pseudodicentric 9p (idic(9p)), where one active and one inactive centromere are linked together by a proximal segment of 9q that may incorporate euchromatic material. In living patients, i(9p) and idic(9p) are usually present in a mosaic state. Fifty-four cases, including fetuses, have been reported, of which only two have been molecularly characterized using array-CGH. Tetrasomy 9p leads to a variable phenotype ranging from multiple congenital anomalies with severe intellectual disability and growth delay to subnormal cognitive and physical developments. Hypertelorism, abnormal ears, microretrognathia and bulbous nose are the most common dysmorphic traits. Microcephaly, growth retardation, joint dislocation, scoliosis, cardiac and renal anomalies were reported in several cases. Those physical anomalies are often, but not universally, accompanied by intellectual disability. The most recurrent breakpoints, defined by conventional cytogenetics, are 9p10, 9q12 and 9q13. We report on 12 new patients with tetrasomy 9p (3 i(9p), 8 idic(9p) and one structurally uncharacterized), including the first case of parental germline mosaicism. All rearrangements have been characterized by DNA microarray. Based on our results and a review of the literature, we further delineate the prenatal and postnatal clinical spectrum of this imbalance. Our results show poor genotype-phenotype correlations and underline the need of precise molecular characterization of the supernumerary marker. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, In
Taaable: a Case-Based System for personalized Cooking

International audienceTAAABLE is a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system that uses a recipe book as a case base to answer cooking queries. TAAABLE participates in the Computer Cooking Contest since 2008. Its success is due, in particular, to a smart combination of various methods and techniques from knowledge-based systems: CBR, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition and discovery, knowledge management, and natural language processing. In this chapter, we describe TAAABLE and its modules. We first present the CBR engine and features such as the retrieval process based on minimal generalization of a query and the different adaptation processes available. Next, we focus on the knowledge containers used by the system. We report on our experiences in building and managing these containers. The TAAABLE system has been operational for several years and is constantly evolving. To conclude, we discuss the future developments: the lessons that we learned and the possible extensions
Environmental evaluation of carbon capture and storage technology and large scale deployment scenarios

<p>Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the most viable option to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from power plants while continuing the use of fossil fuels required to satisfy the increasing energy demand. However, CCS is an energy intensive process, and demands additional energy, chemicals and infrastructure. The capture processes may also have certain direct emissions to air (NH<sub>3</sub>, aldehydes, solvent vapor etc.) and generate solid wastes from degradation byproducts. A trade-off in environmental impacts is expected, and with the large-scale application of CCS needed to make any significant reduction in CO emissions, these potential trade-offs can become enormous in magnitude. Therefore a systematic process of evaluation of complete life cycle for all available CCS options and large-scale CCS deployment scenarios is needed. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is wellestablished and best suited for such analysis.</p><p><p><p>Methodology of hybrid life cycle assessment is used in this work and methodological developments are made to build-up simple approaches for evaluation of future CCS systems and scenarios. The thesis also extends the result presentation to more comprehensible damage indicators and evaluates control potentials for human health, ecosystem damage and resource depletion for the technology.</p><p>The results of the study shows that the CCS systems achieve significant reduction in global warming impact but have multiple environmental trade-offs depending on the technology. These trade-offs are mainly due to energy penalty from capture process, infrastructure development and waste treatment processes. Damage assessment shows that the CCS systems greatly reduce human health damage and ecosystem damage by mitigating the climate change impact while increasing the resource consumption. Scenario assessment results show the clear advantage of global CCS integration scenarios over the Baseline scenario having significantly lower impact potential scores for all impact and damage categories from fossil-based electricity production.</p><p>This thesis thus illustrates the assessment of a novel technology, its overall benefits and damages, development potentials and the implications of its large scale application.</p></p></p>PhD i energi- og prosessteknikkPhD in Energy and Process Engineerin
The second home phenomenon and Norwegian rurality

-The article analyses how recent developments relating to the second homes phenomenon are intertwined with fundamental changes in the character of rurality in Norwegian society. Building on Halfacree's three-dimensional model of rural space published in 2006, the authors discuss how rural localities, rural lived lives, and formal representations of the rural are increasingly informed by and inform the second home phenomenon. In addition to public statistics, the discussion is informed by empirical data from the Centre for Rural Research's large-scale national and representative survey City, Countryside and Second Homes 2008. It is argued that there are three main dimensions and/or aspects that are central in the two-way relationship between rural space and second homes in Norway, namely extremely dispersed settlement and plenty of available land, rural-urban migration and mobility, and representations of the rural as idyll