pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tau neutrinos from muon storage rings

Charged tau leptons emerging in a long baseline experiment with a muon
storage ring and a far-away detector will positively establish neutrino
oscillations. We study the conversion of $\nu_\mu$ ($\bar{\nu}_\mu$) and of
$\bar{\nu}_e$ ($\nu_e$) to $\nu_\tau$ or $\bar{\nu}_\tau$ for neutrinos from a
20 GeV muon storage ring, within the strong mixing scheme and on the basis of
the squared mass differences which are compatible with all reported neutrino
anomalies, including the LSND data. In contrast to other solutions which ignore
the Los Alamos anomaly, we find charged tau production rates which should be
measurable in a realistic set up. As a consequence, determining the complete
mass spectrum of neutrinos as well as all three mixing angles seems within
reach. Matter effects are discussed thoroughly but are found to be small in
this situation.Comment: 11 pages, 5 postscript figures (eps
Renormalization Group Flow in large N_c

We calculate renormalization group flow equations for the linear sigma-model
in large N_c approximation. The flow equations decouple and can be solved
analytically. The solution is equal to a self consistent solution of the NJL
model in the same approximation, which shows that flow equations are a
promising method to extend the calculation to higher order in 1/N_c. Including
explicit chiral symmetry breaking, the large N_c approximation describes
physics reasonably well. We further compare the analytic solution to the
usually used polynomial truncation and find consistency.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, added reference
The Sakai-Sugimoto soliton

The Sakai-Sugimoto model is the preeminent example of a string theory
description of holographic QCD, in which baryons correspond to topological
solitons in the bulk. Here we investigate the validity of various
approximations of the Sakai-Sugimoto soliton that are used widely to study the
properties of holographic baryons. These approximations include the flat space
self-dual instanton, a linear expansion in terms of eigenfunctions in the
holographic direction and an asymptotic power series at large radius. These
different approaches have produced contradictory results in the literature
regarding properties of the baryon, such as relations for the electromagnetic
form factors. Here we determine the regions of validity of these various
approximations and show how to relate different approximations in contiguous
regions of applicability. This analysis clarifies the source of the
contradictory results in the literature and resolves some outstanding issues,
including the use of the flat space self-dual instanton, the detailed
properties of the asymptotic soliton tail, and the role of the UV cutoff
introduced in previous investigations. A consequence of our analysis is the
discovery of a new large scale, that grows logarithmically with the 't Hooft
coupling, at which the soliton fields enter a nonlinear regime. Finally, we
provide the first numerical computation of the Sakai-Sugimoto soliton and
demonstrate that the numerical results support our analysis.Comment: 32 pages, 6 figure
Scanning Tunneling Macroscopy, Black Holes, and AdS/CFT Bulk Locality

We establish resolution bounds on reconstructing a bulk field from boundary
data on a timelike hypersurface. If the bulk only supports propagating modes,
reconstruction is complete. If the bulk also supports evanescent modes, local
reconstruction is not achievable unless one has exponential precision in
knowledge of the boundary data. Without exponential precision, for a Minkowski
bulk, one can reconstruct a spatially coarse-grained bulk field, but only out
to a depth set by the coarse-graining scale. For an asymptotically AdS bulk,
reconstruction is limited to a spatial coarse-graining proper distance set by
the AdS scale. AdS black holes admit evanescent modes. We study the resolution
bound in the large AdS black hole background and provide a dual CFT
interpretation. Our results demonstrate that, if there is a black hole of any
size in the bulk, then sub-AdS bulk locality is no longer well-encoded in
boundary data in terms of local CFT operators. Specifically, in order to probe
the bulk on sub-AdS scales using only boundary data in terms of local
operators, one must either have such data to exponential precision or make
further assumptions about the bulk state.Comment: 27 pages + appendix, 8 figure
Solution of functional equations of restricted A$_{n-1}^{(1}$) fused lattice models

Functional equations, in the form of fusion hierarchies, are studied for the transfer matrices of the fused restricted A_{n-1}^{(1)} lattice models of Jimbo, Miwa and Okado. Specifically, these equations are solved analytically for the finite-size scaling spectra, central charges and some conformal weights. The results are obtained in terms of Rogers dilogarithm and correspond to coset conformal field theories based on the affine Lie algebra A_{n-1}^{(1)} with GKO pair A^{(1)}_{n-1}\; \oplus A^{(1)}_{n-1}\;\supset \; A^{(1)}_{n-1}
Massless monopole clouds and electric-magnetic duality

We discuss the Montonen-Olive electric-magnetic duality for the BPS massless
monopole clouds in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with non-Abelian
unbroken gauge symmetries. We argue that these low energy non-Abelian clouds
can be identified as the duals of the infrared bremsstrahlung radiation of the
non-Abelian massless particles. After we break the N=4 supersymmetry to N=1 by
adding a superpotential, or to N=0 by further adding soft breaking terms, these
non-Abelian clouds will generally condense and screen the non-Abelian charges
of the massive monopole probes. The effective mass of these dual non-Abelian
states is likely to persist as we lower the energy to the QCD scale, if all the
non-Abelian Higgs particles are massive. This can be regarded as a
manifestation of the non-Abelian dual Meissner effect above the QCD scale, and
we expect it to continuously connect with the confinement as we lower the
supersymmetry breaking scale to the QCD scale.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures; v3: PLB version, Sec.II expanded, fig.2 and
  references adde
Instability of Tachyon Supertube in Type IIA Godel Spacetime

We study the tachyon supertube probes in a type IIA supergravity background
which is a stringy-like G\"odel spacetime and contains closed timelike curve.
In the case of small value of $f$, which is a parameter of the background, we
use the Minahan-Zwiebach tachyon action to obtain a single regular tube
solution and argue that the tube is a BPS D2-brane. However, we find that the
fluctuation around the tube configuration has a negative-energy mode. This
means that the tachyon supertube, despite being a BPS configuration, develops
an instability in the pathological spacetime with closed timelike curve which
violates the causality.Comment: Latex 12 pages, add more discussions in last sectio
Scaling Violations in the $Q^{2}$ Logarithmic Derivative of $F_{2}$

We examine the latest HERA experimental measurements of the $Q^2$ logarithmic derivative of the proton structure function. We analyze the characteristics of DGLAP with and without screening, as well as a Regge type model, and compare their predictions to all available data on $\slope$ including those for fixed W. Our results show that the present data can be described in pQCD taking into account shadowing corrections. However, such a description cannot be considered a conclusive signal of gluon saturation since the experimental data on $\slope$ do not allow one to discriminate between the various approaches, in spite of their very different construction
Noncommutative D-brane and Open String in pp-wave Background with B-field

The open string ending on a D-brane with a constant B-field in a pp-wave Ramond-Ramond background is exactly solvable. The theory is controlled by three dimensionful parameters: alpha', the mass parameter (RR background times the lightcone momentum) and the B-field. We quantize the open string theory and determine the full noncommutative structure. In particular, we find a fully noncommutative phase space whose noncommutativity depends on all these parameters. The lightcone Hamiltionian is obtained, and as a consequence of the nontrivial commutation relations of the theory, new features of the spectrum are noted. Various scaling limits of the string results are considered. Physical implications are discussed
Measurement of the b quark forward-backward asymmetry around the $Z^{0}$ peak using an inclusive tag

The b quark forward-backward asymmetry has been measured using hadronic Z0 decays collected by the OPAL experiment at LEP. Z0 -> bbbar decays were selected using a combination of secondary vertex and lepton tags, and the sign of the b quark charge was determined using an inclusive tag based on jet, vertex and kaon charges. The results, corrected to the quark level, are: A^b_FB = 0.0582 +- 0.0153 +- 0.0012 at sqrt(s) = 89.50 GeV A^b_FB = 0.0977 +- 0.0036 +- 0.0018 at sqrt(s) = 91.26 GeV A^b_FB = 0.1221 +- 0.0123 +- 0.0025 at sqrt(s) = 92.91 GeV where the first error is statistical and the second systematic in each case. Within the framework of the Standard Model, the result is interpreted as a measurement of the effective weak mixing angle for electrons of sin2theta_W^eff,e = 0.23205 +- 0.00068
A Comment on Duality in N=1 Supersymmetric Non -- Abelian Gauge Theories

Recently N. Seiberg has shown that certain N=1 supersymmetric Yang -- Mills
theories have the property that their infrared physics can be equivalently
described by {\it two different} gauge theories, with the strong coupling
region of one corresponding to the weak coupling region of the other. This
duality leads to interesting results about the infrared dynamics of these
theories. We generalize Seiberg's ideas to a new class of models for which a
similar duality allows one to obtain rather detailed dynamical information
about the long distance physics.Comment: 9 pages, harvma
Independence of l in Lafforgue's theorem

Let X be a smooth curve over a finite field of characteristic p, let l be a
prime number different from p, and let L be an irreducible lisse l-adic sheaf
on X whose determinant is of finite order.
  By a theorem of Lafforgue, for each prime number l' different from p, there
exists an irreducible lisse l'-adic sheaf L' on X which is compatible with L,
in the sense that at every closed point x of X, the characteristic polynomials
of Frobenius at x for L and L' are equal.
  We prove an "independence of l" assertion on the fields of definition of
these irreducible l'-adic sheaves L' : namely, that there exists a number field
F such that for any prime number l' different from p, the l'-adic sheaf L'
above is defined over the completion of F at one of its l'-adic places.Comment: 19 pages, AMSTeX; revised version 2 to appear in Advances in
  Mathematic
The Matrix-Valued $H^{p}$ Corona Problem in the Disk and Polydisk

In this paper we consider the matrix-valued $H^{p}$ corona problem in the
disk and polydisk. The result for the disk is rather well known, and is usually
obtained from the classical Carleson Corona Theorem by linear algebra. Our
proof provides a streamlined way of obtaining this result and allows one to get
a better estimate on the norm of the solution. In particular, we were able to
improve the estimate found in the recent work of T. Trent. Note that, the
solution of the $H^{\infty}$ matrix corona problem in the disk can be easily
obtained from the $H^{2}$ corona problem either by factorization, or by the
Commutant Lifting Theorem. The $H^{p}$ corona problem in the polydisk was
originally solved by K.C. Lin. The solution used Koszul complexes and was
rather complicated because one had to consider higher order
$\bar{\partial}$-equations. Our proof is more transparent and it improves upon
Lin's result in several ways. First, we were able to show that the norm of the
solution is independent of the number of generators. Additionally, we
illustrate that the norm of the solution grows at most proportionally to the
dimension of the polydisk. Our approach is based on one that was originated by
M. Andersson. In the disk it essentially depends on Green's Theorem and duality
to obtain the estimate. In the polydisk we use Riesz projections to reduce the
problem to the disk case.Comment: 27 page
Bateman's dual system revisited: I. Quantization, geometric phase and
  relation with the ground-state energy of the linear harmonic oscillator

By using the Feynman-Hibbs prescription for the evolution amplitude, we
quantize the system of a damped harmonic oscillator coupled to its
time-reversed image, known as Bateman's dual system.
  The time-dependent quantum states of such a system are constructed and
discussed entirely in the framework of the classical theory.
  The corresponding geometric (Pancharatnam) phase is calculated and found to
be directly related to the ground-state energy of the 1D linear harmonic
oscillator to which the 2D system reduces under appropriate constraint.Comment: 24 pages, RevTeX, 4 figures. Fully revised versio
An XMM-Newton view of FeK{\alpha} in HMXBs

We present a comprehensive analysis of the whole sample of available
XMM-Newton observations of High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs) until August, 2013,
focusing on the FeK{\alpha} emission line. This line is a key tool to better
understand the physical properties of the material surrounding the X-ray source
within a few stellar radii (the circumstellar medium). We have collected
observations from 46 HMXBs, detecting FeK{\alpha} in 21 of them. We have used
the standard classification of HMXBs to divide the sample in different groups.
We find that: (1) FeK{\alpha} is centred at a mean value of 6.42 keV.
Considering the instrumental and fits uncertainties, this value is compatible
with ionization states lower than FeXVIII. (2) The flux of the continuum is
well correlated with the flux of the line, as expected. Eclipse observations
show that the Fe fluorescence emission comes from an extended region
surrounding the X-ray source. (3) FeK{\alpha} is narrow (width lower than
0.15keV), reflecting that the reprocessing material does not move at high
speeds. We attempt to explain the broadness of the line in terms of three
possible broadening phenomena: line blending, Compton scattering and Doppler
shifts (with velocities of the reprocessing material V=1000-2000 km/s). (4) The
equivalent hydrogen column (NH) directly correlates with the EW of FeK{\alpha},
displaying clear similarities to numerical simulations. It highlights the
strong link between the absorbing and the fluorescent matter. The obtained
results clearly point to a very important contribution of the donors wind in
the FeK{\alpha} emission and the absorption when the donor is a supergiant
massive star.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 16 figures + Appendice
Planck 2015 results. XXI. The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect

This paper presents a study of the ISW effect from the Planck 2015
temperature and polarization data release. The CMB is cross-correlated with
different LSS tracers: the NVSS, SDSS and WISE catalogues, and the Planck 2015
lensing map. This cross-correlation yields a detection at $4\,\sigma$, where
most of the signal-to-noise is due to the Planck lensing and NVSS. In fact, the
ISW effect is detected only from the Planck data (through the ISW-lensing
bispectrum) at $\approx 3\,\sigma$, which is similar to the detection level
achieved by combining the cross-correlation signal coming from all the
catalogues. The ISW signal allow us to detect $\Omega_\Lambda$ at more than
$3\,\sigma$. This cross-correlation analysis is performed only with the Planck
temperature data, since the polarization scales available in the 2015 release
do not permit significant improvement of the CMB-LSS cross-correlation
detectability. Nevertheless, polarization data is used to study the anomalously
large ISW signal previously reported through the stacking of CMB features at
the locations of known superstructures. We find that the current Planck
polarization data do not exclude that this signal could be caused by the ISW
effect. In addition, the stacking of the Planck lensing map on the locations of
superstructures exhibits a positive cross-correlation with these large-scale
structures. Finally, we have improved our previous reconstruction of the ISW
temperature fluctuations by combining the information encoded in all the
previously mentioned LSS tracers. In particular, we construct a map of the ISW
secondary anisotropies and the corresponding uncertainties map, obtained from
simulations. We also explore the reconstruction of the ISW anisotropies caused
by the LSS traced by the 2MPZ survey by directly inverting the density field
into the gravitational potential field.Comment: 34 pages, 24 figures, abstract abridged for arXiv. This paper is one
  of a set associated with the 2015 data release from Planck. Final version,
  accepted for publication in A&
Different mechanism of two-proton emission from proton-rich nuclei
  $^{23}$Al and $^{22}$Mg

Two-proton relative momentum ($q_{pp}$) and opening angle ($\theta_{pp}$)
distributions from the three-body decay of two excited proton-rich nuclei,
namely $^{23}$Al $\rightarrow$ p + p + $^{21}$Na and $^{22}$Mg $\rightarrow$ p
+ p + $^{20}$Ne, have been measured with the projectile fragment separator
(RIPS) at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory. An evident peak at $q_{pp}\sim20$ MeV/c as
well as a peak in $\theta_{pp}$ around 30$^\circ$ are seen in the two-proton
break-up channel from a highly-excited $^{22}$Mg. In contrast, such peaks are
absent for the $^{23}$Al case. It is concluded that the two-proton emission
mechanism of excited $^{22}$Mg is quite different from the $^{23}$Al case, with
the former having a favorable diproton emission component at a highly excited
state and the latter dominated by the sequential decay process
Invariant approach to CP in unbroken $\Delta(27)$

The invariant approach is a powerful method for studying CP violation for
specific Lagrangians. The method is particularly useful for dealing with
discrete family symmetries. We focus on the CP properties of unbroken
$\Delta(27)$ invariant Lagrangians with Yukawa-like terms, which proves to be a
rich framework, with distinct aspects of CP, making it an ideal group to
investigate with the invariant approach. We classify Lagrangians depending on
the number of fields transforming as irreducible triplet representations of
$\Delta(27)$. For each case, we construct CP-odd weak basis invariants and use
them to discuss the respective CP properties. We find that CP violation is
sensitive to the number and type of $\Delta(27)$ representations.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure. v2: to be published in NP
Hadron-Hadron Interactions from $N_f=2+1+1$ Lattice QCD: isospin-2
  $\pi\pi$ scattering length

We present results for the $I=2$ $\pi\pi$ scattering length using $N_f=2+1+1$
twisted mass lattice QCD for three values of the lattice spacing and a range of
pion mass values. Due to the use of Laplacian Heaviside smearing our
statistical errors are reduced compared to previous lattice studies. A detailed
investigation of systematic effects such as discretisation effects, volume
effects, and pollution of excited and thermal states is performed. After
extrapolation to the physical point using chiral perturbation theory at NLO we
obtain $M_\pi a_0=-0.0442(2)_\mathrm{stat}(^{+4}_{-0})_\mathrm{sys}$.Comment: Edited for typos, overhauled figures, more detailed comparison to
  existing lattice result
Generalized $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry and discrete subgroups of O(3)

The generalized $\mu$-$\tau$ interchange symmetry in the leptonic mixing
matrix $U$ corresponds to the relations: $|U_{\mu i}|=|U_{\tau i}|$ with
$i=1,2,3$. It predicts maximal atmospheric mixing and maximal Dirac CP
violation given $\theta_{13} \neq 0$. We show that the generalized $\mu$-$\tau$
symmetry can arise if the charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices are
invariant under specific residual symmetries contained in the finite discrete
subgroups of $O(3)$. The groups $A_4$, $S_4$ and $A_5$ are the only such groups
which can entirely fix $U$ at the leading order. The neutrinos can be (a)
non-degenerate or (b) partially degenerate depending on the choice of their
residual symmetries. One obtains either vanishing or very large $\theta_{13}$
in case of (a) while only $A_5$ can provide $\theta_{13}$ close to its
experimental value in the case (b). We provide an explicit model based on $A_5$
and discuss a class of perturbations which can generate fully realistic
neutrino masses and mixing maintaining the generalized $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry in
$U$. Our approach provides generalization of some of the ideas proposed earlier
in order to obtain the predictions, $\theta_{23}=\pi/4$ and $\delta_{\rm CP} =
\pm \pi/2$.Comment: 18 page
WASP-94 A and B planets : hot-Jupiter cousins in a twin-star system

Funding for WASP comes from consortium universities and from the UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was supported by the European Research Council through the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement number 336480.We report the discovery of two hot-Jupiter planets, each orbiting one of the stars of a wide binary system. WASP-94A (2MASS 20550794–3408079) is an F8 type star hosting a transiting planet with a radius of 1.72 ± 0.06 RJup, a mass of 0.452 ± 0.034 MJup, and an orbital period of 3.95 days. The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect is clearly detected, and the measured projected spin-orbit angle indicates that the planet occupies a retrograde orbit. WASP-94B (2MASS 20550915–3408078) is an F9 stellar companion at an angular separation of 15′′ (projected separation 2700 au), hosting a gas giant with a minimum mass of 0.618 ± 0.028 MJup with a period of 2.008 days, detected by Doppler measurements. The orbital planes of the two planets are inclined relative to each other, indicating that at least one of them is inclined relative to the plane of the stellar binary. These hot Jupiters in a binary system bring new insights into the formation of close-in giant planets and the role of stellar multiplicity.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The relationship of left ventricular trabeculation to ventricular function and structure over a 9.5-year follow-up: the MESA study.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) trabeculation is highly variable among individuals and is increased in some diseases (e.g., congenital heart disease or cardiomyopathies), but its significance in population-representative individualsÂ is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine if excessive LV trabeculation in population-representative individuals is associated with preceding changes in cardiac volumes and function. METHODS: For technical reasons, the extent of trabeculation, which is expressed as the ratio of noncompacted to compacted (NC/C) myocardium, was measured on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) long-axis cine images in 2,742 participants in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) (mean age 68.7 years; 52.3% women; 56.4% with hypertension; 16.8% with diabetes) at examination 5. These were considered in quintiles of trabeculation extent; the NC/C ratio of quintile 5 was 2.46 to 5.41. We determined the relationship between the maximal NC/C ratio and the preceding change (9.5 years between examinations 1 and 5) in end-systolic volume indexed (ESVi) to body surface area. Secondary analyses assessed the associations between the maximal NC/C ratio and preceding changes in end-diastolic volume indexed (EDVi) to body surface area and the ejection fraction (EF). RESULTS: Over 9.5 years, the ESVi decreased by 1.3 ml/m(2), the EDVi decreased by 5.1 ml/m(2), and the EF decreased byÂ 0.6% (pÂ < 0.0001). Even in subjects with excessive trabeculation, there were no clinically relevant differences in LVÂ volumes and systolic function changes among the quintiles of trabeculation extent. CONCLUSIONS: Greater extent of, and even excessive, LV trabeculation measured in end-diastole in asymptomatic population-representative individuals appeared benign and was not associated with deterioration in LV volumes or function during an almost 10-year period