pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Letter to the Editor: First complementary observations by ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar

Experimental results are presented from
ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar.
Tomographic measurements on 10 October 1996, showing a narrow, field-aligned
enhancement in electron density in the post-noon sector of the dayside auroral
zone, are related to a temporal increase in the plasma concentration observed by
the incoherent scatter radar in the region where the HF radar indicated a low
velocity sunwards convection. The results demonstrate the complementary nature
of these three instruments for polar-cap ionospheric studies.<br><br><b>Key words. </b>Ionosphere · Auroral ionosphere · Polar
ionosphere · Radio science (ionospheric physics
Faecal <i>Enterobacteriales</i> enrichment is associated with increased in-vivo intestinal permeability in humans

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been linked with increased intestinal permeability, but the clinical  significance of this phenomenon is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential  link between glucose control, intestinal permeability, diet and intestinal microbiota in patients with  T2D. Thirty-two males with well-controlled T2D and 30 age-matched male controls without diabetes  were enrolled in a case-control study. Metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, endotoxaemia and  intestinal microbiota in individuals subdivided into high (HP) and normal (LP) colonic permeability  groups, were the main outcomes. In T2D, the HP group had significantly higher fasting glucose (P = 40 0.034) and plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels (P = 0.05) compared with the LP group. Increased  colonic permeability was also linked with altered abundances of selected microbial taxa. The microbiota  of both T2D and control HP groups was enriched with Enterobacteriales. In conclusion, high intestinal  permeability was associated with poorer fasting glucose control in T2D patients and changes in some  microbial taxa in both T2D patients and non-diabetic controls. Therefore, enrichment in the gram- negative order Enterobacteriales may characterise impaired colonic permeability prior  to/independently from a disruption in glucose tolerance
Policy deliverance for low carbon energy infrastructure in the UK, April 5th 2013: Conference overview

The ambition of this conference was to deliver a first examination of how policy is delivered in the context of low-carbon energy infrastructure in the UK. The UK has been developing policy in this area since 2002 (Heffron, 2013). Finally, as the decade passed, in November 2012 an Energy Bill was put before the UK Parliament. One of the chief purposes of this Energy Bill is to establish the right environment for new electricity generation infrastructure in the low-carbon sector. There is significant debate on how this will be achieved and, indeed, whether this piece of legislation will actually deliver this outcome. This conference aimed to examine the dynamics of policy delivery. Throughout the day, there was entertaining discussion as a variety of conference presenters provided interesting contributions on how to deliver such policy goals. In total, there were twelve speakers throughout the day representing the UK (University of Oxford, Pinsent Masons Law Firm, University of Stirling, University of Dundee and University of Aberdeen), and also those who provided lessons from abroad from the University of Copenhagen, Central European University, Milieu Ltd., Pillsbury Law Firm (Washington DC, US) and the Conservation Law Foundation (MA, US)
Recurrence relations of the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials. III

In Paper II, we presented conjectures of the recurrence relations with constant coefficients for the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials of Laguerre, Jacobi, Wilson, and Askey-Wilson types. In this paper we present a proof for the Laguerre and Jacobi cases. Their bispectral properties are also discussed, which gives a method to obtain the coefficients of the recurrence relations explicitly. This paper extends to the Laguerre and Jacobi cases the bispectral techniques recently introduced by Gomez-Ullate et al. [J. Approx. Theory 204, 1 (2016); e-print arXiv: 1506.03651 [math. CA]] to derive explicit expressions for the coefficients of the recurrence relations satisfied by exceptional polynomials of Hermite type. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC
Recruitment to publicly funded trials - are surgical trials really different?

Good recruitment is integral to the conduct of a high-quality randomised controlled trial. It has been suggested that recruitment is particularly difficult for evaluations of surgical interventions, a field in which there is a dearth of evidence from randomised comparisons. While there is anecdotal speculation to support the inference that recruitment to surgical trials is more challenging than for medical trials we are unaware of any formal assessment of this. In this paper, we compare recruitment to surgical and medical trials using a cohort of publicly funded trials. Data: Overall recruitment to trials was assessed using of a cohort of publicly funded trials (n = 114). Comparisons were made by using the Recruitment Index, a simple measure of recruitment activity for multicentre randomised controlled trials. Recruitment at the centre level was also investigated through three example surgical trials. Results: The Recruitment Index was found to be higher, though not statistically significantly, in the surgical group (n = 18, median = 38.0 IQR (10.7, 77.4)) versus (n = 81, median = 34.8 IQR (11.7, 98.0)) days per recruit for the medical group (median difference 1.7 (− 19.2, 25.1); p = 0.828). For the trials where the comparison was between a surgical and a medical intervention, the Recruitment Index was substantially higher (n = 6, 68.3 (23.5, 294.8)) versus (n = 93, 34.6 (11.7, 90.0); median difference 25.9 (− 35.5, 221.8); p = 0.291) for the other trials. Conclusions: There was no clear evidence that surgical trials differ from medical trials in terms of recruitment activity. There was, however, support for the inference that medical versus surgical trials are more difficult to recruit to. Formal exploration of the recruitment data through a modelling approach may go some way to tease out where important differences exist.The first author was supported by a Medical Research Council UK Fellowship.Peer reviewedAuthor versio
Health inequalities in England, Scotland and Wales : stakeholders' accounts and policy compared

Objectives \ud
The election of a Labour government in 1997 brought the issue of health inequalities firmly back on to the policy agenda across the UK. Since then, in the wake of devolution, the need to tackle health inequalities has been highlighted as a policy priority in all three mainland UK countries, albeit with varying degrees of emphasis. This paper reports on a major cross-national study, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council, investigating how National Health Service bodies, local councils and partnerships make sense of their work on health inequalities, and examining the difference made by the contrasting approaches that have been taken to performance assessment in England, Wales and Scotland.\ud
Study design\ud
Case studies, semi-structured interviews and analysis of key policy statements.\ud
Methods\ud
In order to explore how health inequalities have been approached by the three governments (noting that there was a change in governments in Wales and Scotland during this time), key policy statements published between May 1997 and May 2007 were analysed. Concurrently, data from stakeholder interviews carried out in 2006 in case study areas in each country were analysed to determine the extent of alignment between policy and practice at local level.\ud
Results\ud
This paper suggests that claims about the extent of health policy divergence in post-devolution Britain may have been exaggerated. It finds that, whilst the three countries have taken differing approaches to performance assessment and the setting of targets, policy approaches to health inequalities up until 2007 appear to have been remarkably similar. Furthermore, the first round of interview data suggest that variations in local understandings of, and responses to, health inequalities cannot always be clearly distinguished along national lines.\ud
Conclusions\ud
Based on the policy analysis, devolution in the UK does not appear to have resulted in substantively different national policy approaches to health inequalities. Indeed, the overall analysis suggests that (prior to the 2007 elections in Scotland and Wales) the differences between local areas within countries may be of as much interest as those between countries.The Economic and Social Research CouncilPeer reviewedPreprin
Functional and structural basis for a bacteriophage homolog of human RAD52.

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination proteins such as RAD51 and RAD52 play crucial roles in DNA repair and genome stability. Human RAD52 is a member of a large single-strand annealing protein (SSAP) family [1] and stimulates Rad51-dependent recombination [2, 3]. In prokaryotes and phages, it has been difficult to establish the presence of RAD52 homologs with conserved sequences. Putative SSAPs were recently found in several phages that infect strains of Lactococcus lactis[4]. One of these SSAPs was identified as Sak and was found in the virulent L. lactis phage ul36, which belongs to the Siphoviridae family [4, 5]. In this study, we show that Sak is homologous to the N terminus of human RAD52. Purified Sak binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) preferentially over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and promotes the renaturation of long complementary ssDNAs. Sak also binds RecA and stimulates homologous recombination reactions. Mutations shown to modulate RAD52 DNA binding [6] affect Sak similarly. Remarkably, electron-microscopic reconstruction of Sak reveals an undecameric (11) subunit ring, similar to the crystal structure of the N-terminal fragment of human RAD52 [7, 8]. For the first time, we propose a viral homolog of RAD52 at the amino acid, phylogenic, functional, and structural levels
Minimum average-case queries of q + 1 -ary search game with small sets

Given a search space S={1,2,...,n}, an unknown element x*∈S and fixed integers ℓ≥1 and q≥1, a q+1-ary ℓ-restricted query is of the following form: which one of the set {A 0,A 1,...,A q} is the x* in?, where (A 0,A 1,...,A q) is a partition of S and | Ai|≤ℓ for i=1,2,...,q. The problem of finding x* from S with q+1-ary size-restricted queries is called as a q+1-ary search game with small sets. In this paper, we consider sequential algorithms for the above problem, and establish the minimum number of average-case sequential queries when x* satisfies the uniform distribution on S. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Predictors of Stunting, Wasting and Underweight among Tanzanian Children Born to HIV-Infected Women.

Children born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are susceptible to undernutrition, but modifiable risk factors and the time course of the development of undernutrition have not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to identify maternal, socioeconomic and child characteristics that are associated with stunting, wasting and underweight among Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected mothers, followed from 6 weeks of age for 24 months. Maternal and socioeconomic characteristics were recorded during pregnancy, data pertaining to the infant's birth were collected immediately after delivery, morbidity histories and anthropometric measurements were performed monthly. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards methods were used to assess the association between potential predictors and the time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight. A total of 2387 infants (54.0% male) were enrolled and followed for a median duration of 21.2 months. The respective prevalence of prematurity (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2500 g) was 15.2% and 7.0%; 11.3% of infants were HIV-positive at 6 weeks. Median time to first episode of stunting, wasting and underweight was 8.7, 7.2 and 7.0 months, respectively. Low maternal education, few household possessions, low infant birth weight, child HIV infection and male sex were all independent predictors of stunting, wasting and underweight. In addition, preterm infants were more likely to become wasted and underweight, whereas those with a low Apgar score at birth were more likely to become stunted. Interventions to improve maternal education and nutritional status, reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and increase birth weight may lower the risk of undernutrition among children born to HIV-infected women
Taeniid species of the Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus) in Portugal with special focus on Echinococcus spp

Taeniid species represent relevant pathogens in human and animals, circulating between carnivorous definitive hosts and a variety of mammalian intermediate hosts. In Portugal, however, little is known about their occurrence and life cycles, especially in wild hosts. An epidemiological survey was conducted to clarify the role of the Iberian wolf as a definitive host for taeniid species, including Echinococcus spp. Wolf fecal samples (n = 68) were collected from two regions in Northern Portugal. Taeniid eggs were isolated through a sieving-flotation technique, and species identification was performed using multiplex-PCR followed by sequencing of the amplicons. Taenia hydatigena (in 11.8% of the samples), Taenia serialis (5.9%), Taenia pisiformis (2.9%), Taenia polyacantha (1.5%) and Echinococcus intermedius (Echinococcus granulosus ‘pig strain’, G7) (1.5%) were detected. This is the first study to characterize the taeniid species infecting the Portuguese Iberian wolf, with the first records of T. polyacantha and E. intermedius in this species in the Iberian Peninsula. Iberian wolves can be regarded as relevant hosts for the maintenance of the wild and synanthropic cycles of taeniids in Portugal
The genus Cliffortia (Rosaceae) in KwaZulu-Natal

The only area of endemism for Cliffortia L. outside of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) is centred in the northern KwaZulu- Natal Drakensberg. Eleven species of Cliffortia have been recorded from KwaZulu-Natal and distribution maps are provided for each. Clarification of the circumscription of C. browniana Burtt Davy is discussed and a new species, C dracomon- tana. is described. C. paucistaminea Weim. is subdivided into two varieties: var. australis and var. paucistaniinea Comments on some of the other species that have frequently been misidentified are also provided along with a key to all the species in the area
British Iron Age chariot burials of the Arras culture : a multi-isotope approach to investigating mobility levels and subsistence practices.

Iron Age chariot burials in the UK are rare and restricted in their distribution. Historically it has been suggested that their Arras culture affinities with Continental Europe, particularly with the Paris basin in France, may be indicative of migration. The majority of them are found on chalk and the putative source region is also chalk. This has meant that a study using only strontium isotopes to identify mobile individuals is problematic. Here we present a range of isotope ratio data (strontium, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur) for seven chariot burials from Wetwang, Garton Station and Kirkburn. The majority of them are of men and women who were born and lived locally, although the individual from Kirkburn is likely to have spent his childhood elsewhere. They do, however, differ quite subtly from others in the local population, probably in their relationship to a local land-use pattern operating between two distinct biospheres
Interplay between Bonding and Magnetism in the Adsorption of NO on Rh
  Clusters

We have studied the adsorption of NO on small Rh clusters, containing one to
five atoms, using density functional theory in both spin-polarized and
non-spin-polarized forms. We find that NO bonds more strongly to Rh clusters
than it does to Rh(100) or Rh(111); however, it also quenches the magnetism of
the clusters. This (local) effect results in reducing the magnitude of the
adsorption energy, and also washes out the clear size-dependent trend observed
in the non-magnetic case. Our results illustrate the competition present
between the tendencies to bond and to magnetize, in small clusters.Comment: Submitted to J. of Chem. Phy
Distinguishing between mechanisms of cell aggregation using pair-correlation functions

Many cell types form clumps or aggregates when cultured in vitro through a variety of mechanisms including rapid cell proliferation, chemotaxis, or direct cell-to-cell contact. In this paper we develop an agent-based model to explore the formation of aggregates in cultures where cells are initially distributed uniformly, at random, on a two-dimensional substrate. Our model includes unbiased random cell motion, together with two mechanisms which can produce cell aggregates: (i) rapid cell proliferation and (ii) a biased cell motility mechanism where cells can sense other cells within a finite range, and will tend to move towards areas with higher numbers of cells. We then introduce a pair-correlation function which allows us to quantify aspects of the spatial patterns produced by our agent-based model. In particular, these pair-correlation functions are able to detect differences between domains populated uniformly at random (i.e. at the exclusion complete spatial randomness (ECSR) state) and those where the proliferation and biased motion rules have been employed - even when such differences are not obvious to the naked eye. The pair-correlation function can also detect the emergence of a characteristic inter-aggregate distance which occurs when the biased motion mechanism is dominant, and is not observed when cell proliferation is the main mechanism of aggregate formation. This suggests that applying the pair-correlation function to experimental images of cell aggregates may provide information about the mechanism associated with observed aggregates. As a proof of concept, we perform such analysis for images of cancer cell aggregates, which are known to be associated with rapid proliferation. The results of our analysis are consistent with the predictions of the proliferation-based simulations, which supports the potential usefulness of pair correlation functions for providing insight into the mechanisms of aggregate formation.D.J.G. Agnew, J.E.F. Green, T.M. Brown, M.J. Simpson, B.J. Binde
A new model for magnetoreception

Certain migratory birds can sense the earth's magnetic field. The nature of
this process is not yet properly understood. Here we offer a simple explanation
according to which birds literally `see' the local magnetic field: Our model
relates the well-established radical pair hypothesis to the phenomenon of
Haidinger's brush, a capacity to see the polarisation of light. This new
picture explains recent surprising experimental data indicating long lifetimes
for the radical pair. Moreover there is a clear evolutionary path toward this
field sensing mechanism: it is an enhancement of a weak effect that may be
present in many species.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, version of final published pape
Hidden Conformal Symmetry of Warped AdS_3 Black Holes

We show that for a certain low frequency limit the wave equation of a generic
massive scalar field in the background of the spacelike warped AdS_3 black hole
can be written as the Casimir of an SL(2,R) symmetry. Two sets of SL(2,R)
generators are found which uncover the hidden SL(2,R)\times SL(2,R) symmetry of
the solution. This symmetry is only locally defined and is spontaneously broken
to U(1)\times U(1) by a periodic identification of the \phi coordinate. By
using the generator of the identification we read the left and right
temperatures (T_L,T_R) of the proposed dual conformal field theory which are in
complete agreement with the WAdS/CFT conjecture. Moreover, under the above
condition of the scalar wave frequency, absorption cross section of the scalar
field is consistent with the two-point function of the dual CFT.Comment: 12 pages; V2: references added, minor correction; V3: published
  version, minor clarification in section 3, typos corrected, one reference
  adde
Forward-backward asymmetry of top quark in unparticle physics

The updated CDF measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) in the
top quark production p{bar p} -> t{bar t} at Tevatron (with the CMS energy 1.96
TeV) shows a deviation of 2*sigma from the value predicted by the Standard QCD
Model. We present calculation of this quantity in the scenario where colored
unparticle physics contributes to the s-channel of the process, and obtain the
regions in the plane of the unparticle parameters lambda and dU which give the
values of the FBA and of the total t{bar t} production cross section compatible
with the present measurements.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures; various typos corrected, fig.3 has higher
  resolution, Ref.[16](2nd entry) is new; version to appear in Phys.Lett.
Order one equations with the Painlev\'e property

Differential equations with the Painlev\'e property have been studied
extensively due to their appearance in many branches of mathematics and their
applicability in physics. Although a modern, differential algebraic treatment
of the order one equations appeared before, the connection with the classical
theory did not. Using techniques from algebraic geometry we provide the link
between the classical and the modern treatment, and with the help of
differential Galois theory a new classification is derived, both for
characteristic 0 and p.Comment: 1 figur
The ROSAT Bright Survey: II. Catalogue of all high-galactic latitude
  RASS sources with PSPC countrate CR > 0.2 s-1

We present a summary of an identification program of the more than 2000 X-ray
sources detected during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (Voges et al. 1999) at high
galactic latitude, |b| > 30 degr, with countrate above 0.2 s-1. This program,
termed the ROSAT Bright Survey RBS, is to more than 99.5% complete. A
sub-sample of 931 sources with countrate above 0.2 s-1 in the hard spectral
band between 0.5 and 2.0 keV is to 100% identified. The total survey area
comprises 20391 sq.deg at a flux limit of 2.4 \times 10^{-12} erg/cmsq/s in the
0.5 -- 2.0 keV band. About 1500 sources of the complete sample could be
identified by correlating the RBS with SIMBAD and the NED. The remaining 500
sources were identified by low-resolution optical spectroscopy and CCD imaging
utilizing telescopes at La Silla, Calar Alto, Zelenchukskaya and Mauna Kea.
Apart from completely untouched sources, catalogued clusters and galaxies
without published redshift as well as catalogued galaxies with unusual high
X-ray luminosity were included in the spectroscopic identification program.
Details of the observations with an on-line presentation of the finding charts
and the optical spectra will be published separately. Here we summarize our
identifications in a table which contains optical and X-ray information for
each source. As a result we present the most massive complete sample of X-ray
selected AGNs with a total of 669 members and a well populated X-ray selected
sample of 302 clusters of galaxies with redshifts up to 0.70. Three fields
studied by us remain without optical counterpart (RBS0378, RBS1223, RBS1556).
While the first is a possible X-ray transient, the two latter are isolated
neutron star candidates (Motch et al. 1999, Schwope et al. 1999).Comment: Also available at
  http://www.aip.de/~preprint/preprints/2000/2000_03.htm