pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Global Food-Energy-Water Nexus

Water availability is a major factor constraining humanity's ability to meet the future food and energy needs of a growing and increasingly affluent human population. Water plays an important role in the production of energy, including renewable energy sources and the extraction of unconventional fossil fuels that are expected to become important players in future energy security. The emergent competition for water between the food and energy systems is increasingly recognized in the concept of the “food-energy-water nexus.” The nexus between food and water is made even more complex by the globalization of agriculture and rapid growth in food trade, which results in a massive virtual transfer of water among regions and plays an important role in the food and water security of some regions. This review explores multiple components of the food-energy-water nexus and highlights possible approaches that could be used to meet food and energy security with the limited renewable water resources of the planet. Despite clear tensions inherent in meeting the growing and changing demand for food and energy in the 21st century, the inherent linkages among food, water, and energy systems can offer an opportunity for synergistic strategies aimed at resilient food, water, and energy security, such as the circular economy
Monocyte-predominant engraftment, cytokine levels and early transplant-related complications in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell recipients

Myeloablative conditioning is a well-established procedure that precedes hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in pediatric patients. In the period directly following transplantation, several factors may contribute to complications that lead to the activation or damage of endothelial cells, involved in the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial syndromes (VES). However, to date, sufficiently specific and sensitive diagnostic markers for the various forms of VES have not been identified. This was a retrospective single-center study of patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT. For this cohort of patients, parameters including type of engraftment, donor characteristics, and cytokine production were measured and correlated with a high prevalence of short-term complications after HSCT. The aim of this study was to identify specific parameters useful for improving diagnostics and predicting adverse effects in VES. We confirmed that monocyte-predominant engraftment was related to a higher risk for an early transplant-related complication termed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS). The increased production of specific cytokines, in particular RANTES, represents a marker associated with prevalent engraftment. In addition, patients undergoing prophylaxis with defibrotide had "classical" engraftment, a common cytokine profile and a lower incidence of life-threatening transplant-related complications. The beneficial effect of defibrotide might be a starting point for developing selective prophylaxis for patients with monocyte engraftment to prevent severe early transplant-related complications
An efficient antioxidant system and heavy metal exclusion from leaves make Solanum cheesmaniae more tolerant to Cu than its cultivated counterpart

Copper (Cu) is an abundant metal in the environment coming from anthropogenic activities and natural sources that, in excess, easily becomes phytotoxic to most species, being its accumulation in plants considered an environmental threat. This study aimed to compare the physiological and molecular responses of Solanum lycopersicum and its wild counterpart Solanum cheesmaniae to Cu stress. In particular, we wanted to address the hypothesis that S. cheesmaniae is more adapted to Cu stress than S. lycopersicum, since the former is equipped with a more efficient antioxidant defense system than the latter. Biomarkers of oxidative status (lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O.− 2 ) levels) revealed a more pronounced imbalance in the redox homeostasis in shoots of S. lycopersicum than in S. cheesmaniae in response to Cu. Furthermore, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes clearly differed in both species in response to Cu. Catalase (CAT) activity increased in S. cheesmaniae shoots but decreased in the domestic species, as well as ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Both species preferentially accumulated Cu in the radicular system, although a great increase in the aerial parts of S. lycopersicum was measured, while in leaves of Cu- treated S. cheesmaniae, the levels of Cu were not changed. Overall, results validated the hypothesis that S. cheesmaniae is more tolerant to excess Cu than S. lycopersicum and the data provided will help the development of breeding strategies toward the improvement of the resistance/tolerance of cultivated tomato species to heavy metal stress.This research was partially supported by national funds provided by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through PEst-OE/BIA/UI4046/2014 (FCT through BioISI) and through the research project PTDC/ AGR-PRO/7028/2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration: biochemical changes in stored cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots

Food losses can occur during production, postharvest, and processing stages in the supply chain. With the onset of worldwide food shortages, interest in reducing postharvest losses in cassava has been increasing. In this research, the main goal was to evaluate biochemical changes and identify the metabolites involved in the deterioration of cassava roots. We found that high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), dry matter, and proteins are correlated with overall lower rates of deterioration. On the other hand, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose, as well as organic acids, mainly, succinic acid, seem to be upregulated during storage and may play a role in the deterioration of cassava roots. Cultivar Branco (BRA) was most resilient to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), while Oriental (ORI) was the most susceptible. Our findings suggest that PPO, AsA, and proteins may play a distinct role in PPD delay.This work was supported by PEC-PG ("Programa de Estudantes Convenio de Pos-Graduacao") coordinated by CAPES ("Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior"), CNPq, TWAS-Fellowship for Advanced Research and Training (FR Number 3240268144) and CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture)
Uncovering smartphone usage patterns with multi-view mixed membership models

We present a novel class of mixed membership models for combining information from multiple data sources inferring inter-view and intra-view statistical associations. An important contemporary application of this work is the meaningful synthesis of data sources corresponding to smartphone application usage, app developers' descriptions and customer feedback. We demonstrate the ability of the model to infer meaningful, interpretable and informative app usage patterns based on the app usage data augmented with rich text data describing the apps. We provide quantitative model evaluations showing the model provides significantly better predictive ability than comparative related existing methods. © 2016 The Authors. Stat Published by John Wiley & Sons Lt
Drones and Digital Photogrammetry: From Classifications to Continuums for Monitoring River Habitat and Hydromorphology

Recently, we have gained the opportunity to obtain very high-resolution imagery\ud
and topographic data of rivers using drones and novel digital photogrammetric\ud
processing techniques. The high-resolution outputs from this method are\ud
unprecedented, and provide the opportunity to move beyond river habitat classification\ud
systems, and work directly with spatially explicit continuums of data.\ud
Traditionally, classification systems have formed the backbone of physical river\ud
habitat monitoring for their ease of use, rapidity, cost efficiency, and direct comparability.\ud
Yet such classifications fail to characterize the detailed heterogeneity\ud
of habitat, especially those features which are small or marginal. Drones and\ud
digital photogrammetry now provide an alternative approach for monitoring\ud
river habitat and hydromorphology, which we review here using two case studies.\ud
First, we demonstrate the classification of river habitat using drone imagery\ud
acquired in 2012 of a 120 m section of the San Pedro River in Chile, which was at\ud
the technological limits of what could be achieved at that time. Second, we\ud
review how continuums of data can be acquired, using drone imagery acquired\ud
in 2016 from the River Teme in Herefordshire, England. We investigate the precision\ud
and accuracy of these data continuums, highlight key current challenges,\ud
and review current best practices of data collection, processing, and management.\ud
We encourage further quantitative testing and field applications. If current\ud
difficulties can be overcome, these continuums of geomorphic and hydraulic\ud
information hold great potential for providing new opportunities for understanding\ud
river systems to the benefit of both river science and management
From domestic to global? Recent trends in environmental liability from a multilevel and comparative law perspective

The law of environmental liability has already been the object of several comparative endeavours. This article seeks to bring a different perspective to the debate, by examining selected developments in the field through the lens of the emerging global environmental law scholarship. It brings the comparative method of analysis into a multi-level context with a view to identifying the emergence of common legal responses to the problem of liability and reparation for environmental harm across different jurisdictions and regulatory levels. The analysis will focus on a ‘novel’ set of environmental liability regimes, which specifically address damage to the environment and to natural resources, as distinct from more traditional categories of damage to property and other individual rights arising as a consequence of environmental pollution. These include: the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, and the Oil Pollution Act, which constitute a pioneering attempt to envisage a public law-oriented system of liability and restoration for damage to natural resources; the European Union Environmental Liability Directive; and selected, recent international treaty developments. The article argues that, while adopted within different legal orders and regulatory contexts, these environmental liability regimes share common features, which correspond to the ontological aspects of environmental damage and ultimately reflect a common understanding of the environment as a global public good
Endogenous cathelicidin production limits inflammation and protective immunity to Mycobacterium avium in mice

The production of antimicrobial peptides, such as the cathelicidins, plays a prominent role in the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. Cathelicidins are widely distributed amongst living organisms, and the antimicrobial peptides generated by proteolysis of the precursor forms are typically cationic and [alpha]-helical, a structure that facilitates their interaction and insertion into anionic bacterial cell walls and membranes, causing damage and promoting microbial death. Here, we found that mouse cathelicidin (Camp) expression was induced in bone marrow-derived macrophages by infection with Mycobacterium avium in a TLR2- and TNF-dependent manner. However, the endogenous production of the cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) was not required for the bacteriostasis of M. avium either in primary cultures of macrophages or in vivo, as shown by the use of CRAMP-null mice. In contrast, the lack of Camp led to a transient improvement of M. avium growth control in the spleens of infected mice while at the same time causing an exacerbation of the inflammatory response to infection. Our data highlight the anti-inflammatory effects of CRAMP and suggests that virulent mycobacteria may possess strategies to escape its antimicrobial activity
Public attitudes towards psychiatry and psychiatric treatment at the beginning of the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys

Public attitudes towards psychiatry are crucial determinants of help-seeking for mental illness. It has been argued that psychiatry as a discipline enjoys low esteem among the public, and a “crisis” of psychiatry has been noted. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies examining public attitudes towards various aspects of psychiatric care. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and bibliographies yielded 162 papers based on population surveys conducted since 2000 and published no later than 2015. We found that professional help for mental disorders generally enjoys high esteem. While general practitioners are the preferred source of help for depression, mental health professionals are the most trusted helpers for schizophrenia. If respondents have to rank sources of help, they tend to favor mental health professionals, while open questions yield results more favorable to general practitioners. Psychiatrists and psychologists/psychotherapists are equally recommended for the treatment of schizophrenia, while for depression psychologists/psychotherapists are more recommended, at least in Europe and America. Psychotherapy is consistently preferred over medication. Attitudes towards seeking help from psychiatrists or psychologists/psychotherapists as well as towards medication and psychotherapy have markedly improved over the last twenty-five years. Biological concepts of mental illness are associated with stronger approval of psychiatric help, particularly medication. Self-stigma and negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness decrease the likelihood of personally considering psychiatric help. In conclusion, the public readily recommends psychiatric help for the treatment of mental disorders. Psychotherapy is the most popular method of psychiatric treatment. A useful strategy to further improve the public image of psychiatry could be to stress that listening and understanding are at the core of psychiatric care
A review of camera trapping for conservation behaviour research

An understanding of animal behaviour is important if conservation initiatives are to be effective. However, quantifying the behaviour of wild animals presents significant challenges. Remote-sensing camera traps are becoming increasingly popular survey instruments that have been used to non-invasively study a variety of animal behaviours, yielding key insights into behavioural repertoires. They are well suited to ethological studies and provide considerable opportunities for generating conservation-relevant behavioural data if novel and robust methodological and analytical solutions can be developed. This paper reviews the current state of camera-trap-based ethological studies, describes new and emerging directions in camera-based conservation behaviour, and highlights a number of limitations and considerations of particular relevance for camera-based studies. Three promising areas of study are discussed: (1) documenting anthropogenic impacts on behaviour; (2) incorporating behavioural responses into management planning and (3) using behavioural indicators such as giving up densities and daily activity patterns. We emphasize the importance of reporting methodological details, utilizing emerging camera trap metadata standards and central data repositories for facilitating reproducibility, comparison and synthesis across studies. Behavioural studies using camera traps are in their infancy; the full potential of the technology is as yet unrealized. Researchers are encouraged to embrace conservation-driven hypotheses in order to meet future challenges and improve the efficacy of conservation and management processes
Supply relational risk: what role does guanxi play?

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Supply Relational Risk: What Role Does Guanxi Play?”, Journal of Business Logistics, 25 (3), 259-267, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbl.12050/abstract .The topics of supply chain risk and global sourcing have garnered significant attention in recent years. Although there is ample circumstantial evidence of global sourcing risk, especially from the western-firm perspective of sourcing from China, few published studies have investigated the root causes of this risk. In this paper, we argue that much of the risk associated with sourcing from China stems from the differences associated with institutional norms and philosophical orientation between western and Chinese thought and culture. Based on an in-depth literature review and case analysis, we compare western forms of supply chain relationship management with Guanxi, the Chinese form of relationship management and propose a framework of how western firms are exposed to supply relational risk when sourcing from Chinese suppliers. The framework proposed in this article sheds light for supply chain managers with regard to the potential pitfalls facing firms when working with Chinese suppliers, and provides the groundwork for future research regarding supply chain practices and Guanxi networks
Effective inter-symbol interference mitigation with a limited amount of enzymes in molecular communications

In molecular communication via diffusion (MCvD), the inter-symbol interference (ISI) is a well-known severe problem that deteriorates both data-rate and link reliability. ISI mainly occurs because of the slow and highly random propagation of the messenger molecules, which causes the emitted molecules from the previous symbols to interfere with molecules from the current symbol. An effective way to mitigate the ISI is using enzymes to degrade undesired molecules. Prior work on ISI mitigation by enzymes has assumed an infinite amount of enzymes randomly distributed around the molecular channel. Taking a different approach, this paper assumes an MCvD channel with a limited amount of enzymes. The main question this paper addresses is how to deploy these enzymes in an effective structure so that ISI mitigation is maximized. To find an effective MCvD channel environment, this study considers optimization of the shape of the transmitter node, the deployment location and structure, the size of the enzyme deployed area, and the half-lives of the enzymes. It also analyzes the dependence of the optimum size of the enzyme area on the distance and half-life. Lastly, the paper yields interesting results regarding the actual shape of the enzyme region itself.\u
SPARC Data Initiative: Comparison of water vapor climatologies from international satellite limb sounders

Within the SPARC Data Initiative, the first comprehensive assessment of the quality of 13 water vapor products from 11 limb-viewing satellite instruments (LIMS, SAGE II, UARS-MLS, HALOE, POAM III, SMR, SAGE III, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS, and Aura-MLS) obtained within the time period 1978-2010 has been performed. Each instrument's water vapor profile measurements were compiled into monthly zonal mean time series on a common latitude-pressure grid. These time series serve as basis for the "climatological" validation approach used within the project. The evaluations include comparisons of monthly or annual zonal mean cross sections and seasonal cycles in the tropical and extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere averaged over one or more years, comparisons of interannual variability, and a study of the time evolution of physical features in water vapor such as the tropical tape recorder and polar vortex dehydration. Our knowledge of the atmospheric mean state in water vapor is best in the lower and middle stratosphere of the tropics and midlatitudes, with a relative uncertainty of. 2-6% (as quantified by the standard deviation of the instruments' multiannual means). The uncertainty increases toward the polar regions (+/- 10-15%), the mesosphere (+/- 15%), and the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere below 100 hPa (+/- 30-50%), where sampling issues add uncertainty due to large gradients and high natural variability in water vapor. The minimum found in multiannual (1998-2008) mean water vapor in the tropical lower stratosphere is 3.5 ppmv (+/- 14%), with slightly larger uncertainties for monthly mean values. The frequently used HALOE water vapor data set shows consistently lower values than most other data sets throughout the atmosphere, with increasing deviations from the multi-instrument mean below 100 hPa in both the tropics and extratropics. The knowledge gained from these comparisons and regarding the quality of the individual data sets in different regions of the atmosphere will help to improve model-measurement comparisons (e.g., for diagnostics such as the tropical tape recorder or seasonal cycles), data merging activities, and studies of climate variability
On the comparison between seasonal predictive skill of global circulation models : coupled versus uncoupled

The study compares one- and two-tiered forecasting systems as represented by the South African Weather Service (SAWS) Coupled Model (SCM) and its atmosphere-only version. In this comparative framework, the main difference between these Global Climate Models (GCMs) resides in the manner in which the sea-surface temperature (SST) is represented. The models are effectively kept similar in all other aspects. This strategy may allow the role of coupling on the predictive skill differences to be better distinguished. The result reveals that the GCMs differ widely in their performances and the issue of superiority of one model over the other is mostly dependent on the ability to a priori determine an optimal global SST field for forcing the Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). Notwithstanding, the AGCM’s fidelity is reasonably reduced when the AGCM is constrained with persisting SST anomalies to the extent to which the Coupled General Circulation Model (CGCM)’s superiority becomes noticeable. The result suggests that the boundary forcing coming from the optimal SST field plays a significant role in leveraging a reasonable equivalency in the predictive skill of the two GCM configurations.Water Research Commission (WRC) and Applied Centre for Climate & Earth Systems Science (ACCESS).http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/agu/jgr/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2169-8996/2016-04-30hb2016Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorolog