pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The timing of amniotomy, oxytocin and neuraxial analgesia and its association with labour duration and mode of birth

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Purpose
The objective was to study the association of different timings of intrapartum interventions with labour duration and mode of birth.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort study of 2,090 nulliparae and 1,873 multiparae with a singleton in cephalic presentation was conducted. We assessed the association between, on the one hand, the timing of augmentation with oxytocin, neuraxial analgesia and amniotomy, and, on the other hand, the time to complete dilatation, spontaneous or operative vaginal delivery or caesarean delivery, using a Cox regression model accounting for standard confounders.

Results
From amniotomy onwards labour was accelerated. In multiparae, amniotomy was associated with an initial 6.6-fold acceleration, decreasing first stage duration until the hazard ratio reached around 3.5, where the intervention was performed 5 h after labour onset; thereafter, acceleration continued with a hazard ratio of around 3. In nulliparae, neuraxial analgesia was associated with a shorter first stage when administered between 7 and 11 h after labour onset; the later it was performed, the less likely was spontaneous birth and the more likely an operative vaginal birth in nulliparae or a caesarean section in multiparae. The start of oxytocin augmentation was associated with acceleration towards both full dilatation and caesarean section during first stage and an increased risk of operative vaginal birth during second stage. The later oxytocin augmentation started, the more likely it was that spontaneous birth would be retarded in multiparous women.

Conclusions
Applying amniotomy, oxytocin and neuraxial analgesia at their optimal timing may improve the progress and outcome of labour
The influence of economic incentives linked to road safety indicators on accidents: The case of toll concessions in Spain

The goal of this paper is to evaluate whether the incentives incorporated in toll highway concession contracts in order to encourage private operators to adopt measures to reduce accidents are actually effective at improving safety. To this end, we implemented negative binomial regression models using information about highway characteristics and accident data from toll highway concessions in Spain from 2007 to 2009. Our results show that even though road safety is highly influenced by variables that are not managed by the contractor, such as the annual average daily traffic (AADT), the percentage of heavy vehicles on the highway, number of lanes, number of intersections and average speed; the implementation of these incentives has a positive influence on the reduction of accidents and injuries. Consequently, this measure seems to be an effective way of improving safety performance in road networks
H5EPTPACH2OH: Synthesis, Relaxometric Characterization and 1H NMR Spectroscopic Studies on the Solution Dynamics of Its LnIII Complexes

The synthesis and characterization of a new metal chelator, 4-(S)-hydroxymethyl-3,6,10-tri(carboxymethyl)-3,6,10-triazadodecanedioic acid (H5EPTPACH2OH), is reported. Protonation constants for the ligand H5EPTPACH2OH and for the previously reported H5EPTPAC16 have been determined by potentiometry, which reveals that both ligands display slightly higher protonation constants relative to that of the ligand DTPA5-. The stability constant for the [Gd(EPTPACH2OH)(H2O)]2- complex has also been determined by potentiometry. The obtained value (log KGdL = 16.7) is two orders of magnitude lower than that for the [Gd(EPTPA)(H2O)]2- complex, which indicates the destabilizing effect of the pendant hydroxymethyl group at the EPTPA backbone. The microscopic protonation scheme has been deduced from the pH dependence of the 1H NMR spectra of both H5EPTPACH2OH and H5EPTPAC16 ligands. The first two protonations occur exclusively at the backbone nitrogen atoms - the first protonation occurs preferentially at the more basic central nitrogen atom. The second proton distributes preferentially between the two terminal nitrogen atoms with the favoring of the trimethylene nitrogen atom over the ethylene nitrogen atom. The LnIII complexes of the ligand H5EPTPACH2OH have been prepared and their solution dynamics studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Two sets of resonances of very different intensities from two isomeric complexes have been observed. Relaxometric investigations (17O NMR and 1H NMRD) demonstrate that the [Gd(EPTPACH2OH)(H2O)]2- complex displays an accelerated water-exchange rate (kex = 87.6 × 106 s-1) that is close to the theoretically derived optimal value. However, the kinetic stability of this complex in phosphate-buffered solutions towards Zn2+ transmetallation is quite low, but higher than that of the corresponding methyl derivative.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.20070043
Updating the Multipliers Associated with Inequality Constraints in an Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier Method

This paper contributes to the development of the field of augmented Lagrangian multiplier methods for general nonlinear programming by introducing a new update for the multipliers corresponding to inequality constraints. The update maintains naturally the nonnegativity of the multipliers without the need for a positive-orthant projection, as a result of the verification of the first-order necessary conditions for the minimization of a modified augmented Lagrangian penalty function.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTA.0000005444.50285.4
Generalised Spin Projection for Fermion Actions

The majority of compute time doing lattice QCD is spent inverting the fermion matrix. The time that this takes increases with the condition number of the matrix. The FLIC(Fat Link Irrelevant Clover) action displays, among other properties, an improved condition number compared to standard actions and hence is of interest due to potential compute time savings. However, due to its two different link sets there is a factor of two cost in floating point multiplications compared to the Wilson action. An additional factor of two has been attributed due to the loss of the so-called spin projection trick. We show that any split-link action may be written in terms of spin projectors, reducing the additional cost to at most a factor of two. Also, we review an efficient means of evaluating the clover term, which is additional expense not present in the Wilson action
From a large-deviations principle to the Wasserstein gradient flow: a new micro-macro passage

We study the connection between a system of many independent Brownian particles on one hand and the deterministic diffusion equation on the other. For a fixed time step h > 0, a large-deviations rate functional J h characterizes the behaviour of the particle system at t = h in terms of the initial distribution at t = 0. For the diffusion equation, a single step in the time-discretized entropy-Wasserstein gradient flow is characterized by the minimization of a functional K h . We establish a new connection between these systems by proving that J h and K h are equal up to second order in h as h → 0. This result gives a microscopic explanation of the origin of the entropy-Wasserstein gradient flow formulation of the diffusion equation. Simultaneously, the limit passage presented here gives a physically natural description of the underlying particle system by describing it as an entropic gradient flow
Carnap on Empirical Significance

Carnap’s search for a criterion of empirical significance is usually considered a failure. I argue that the results from two out of his three different approaches are at the very least problematic, but that one approach led to success. Carnap’s criterion of translatability into logical syntax is too vague to allow for definite results. His criteria for terms—introducibility by chains of reduction sentences and his criterion from “The Methodological Character of Theoretical Concepts”—are almost trivial and have no clear relation to the empirical significance of sentences. However, his criteria for sentences—translatability, verifiability, falsifiability, confirmability—are usable, and under the assumptions needed for the Carnap sentence approach, verifiability, falsifiability, and translatability become equivalent. As a result of the Carnap sentence approach, metaphysics is rendered analytic
Two- and three-pion quantum statistics correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Correlations induced by quantum statistics are sensitive to the spatiotemporal extent as well as dynamics of particle-emitting sources in heavy- ion collisions. In addition, such correlations can be used to search for the presence of a coherent component of pion production. Two- and three-pion correlations of same and mixed charge are measured at low relative momentum to estimate the coherent fraction of charged pions in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with ALICE. The genuine three- pion quantum statistics correlation is found to be suppressed relative to the two-pion correlation based on the assumption of fully chaotic pion emission. The suppression is observed to decrease with triplet momentum. The observed suppression at low triplet momentum may correspond to a coherent fraction in charged-pion emission of 23%±8%
Non-equilibrium scalar two point functions in AdS/CFT

In the first part of the paper, we discuss different versions of the AdS/CFT dictionary out of equilibrium. We show that the Skenderis-van Rees prescription and the “extrapolate” dictionary are equivalent at the level of “in-in” two point functions of free scalar fields in arbitrary asymptotically AdS spacetimes. In the second part of the paper, we calculate two point correlation functions in dynamical spacetimes using the “extrapolate” dictionary. These calculations are performed for conformally coupled scalar fields in examples of spacetimes undergoing gravitational collapse, the AdS 2 -Vaidya spacetime and the AdS 3 -Vaidya spacetime, which allow us to address the problem of thermalization following a quench in the boundary field theory. The computation of the correlators is formulated as an initial value problem in the bulk spacetime. Finally, we compare our results for AdS 3 -Vaidya to results in the previous literature obtained using the geodesic approximation and we find qualitative agreement
Photon-axion conversion in intergalactic magnetic fields and
  cosmological consequences

Photon-axion conversion induced by intergalactic magnetic fields causes an
apparent dimming of distant sources, notably of cosmic standard candles such as
supernovae of type Ia (SNe Ia). We review the impact of this mechanism on the
luminosity-redshift relation of SNe Ia, on the dispersion of quasar spectra,
and on the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background. The original idea of
explaining the apparent dimming of distant SNe Ia without cosmic acceleration
is strongly constrained by these arguments. However, the cosmic equation of
state extracted from the SN Ia luminosity-redshift relation remains sensitive
to this mechanism. For example, it can mimic phantom energy
Antioxidant properties of resveratrol and piceid on lipid peroxidation in micelles and monolamellar liposomes.

The antioxidant activities of trans-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) and trans-piceid (trans-5,4′-\ud
dihydroxystilbene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), its more widespread glycosilate derivative, have been\ud
compared measuring their inhibitory action on peroxidation of linoleic acid (LA) and the radical scavenging\ud
ability towards different free radicals (such as DPPH) and radical initiators. It has been found that the two\ud
stilbenes have similar antioxidant capacity, while the comparison with BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol)\ud
and α-tocopherol (vitamin E, vit. E), taken as reference, points out a slower but prolonged protective\ud
action against lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, piceid appears more efficacious than resveratrol as a\ud
consequence of the reaction of the latter with its radical form.\ud
The DSC profiles of phosphatidylcholine liposomes of various chain lengths, and EPR measurements of spin\ud
labelled liposomes demonstrated that the susceptible hydroxyl group of these compounds are located in the\ud
lipid region of the bilayer close to the double bonds of polyunsatured fatty acids, making these stilbenes\ud
particularly suitable for the prevention and control of the lipid peroxidation of the membranes
Microscopic studies of atom-water collisions

9 pages, accepted for publication in International Journal of Mass SpectrometryInternational audienceThe influences of water molecules surrounding biological molecules during irradiation with heavy particles (atoms, ions) are currently a major subject in radiation science on a molecular level. In order to elucidate the underlying complex reaction mechanisms, we have initiated a joint experimental and theoretical investigation with the aim to make direct comparisons between experimental and theoretical results. As a first step, studies of collisions of a water molecule with a neutral projectile (C atom) at high velocities (>= 0.1 a.u.), and with a charged projectile (proton) at low velocities (<= 0.1 a.u.) have been studied within the microscopic framework. In particular, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was applied to the valence electrons and coupled non-adiabatically to molecular dynamics (MD) for ionic cores. Complementary experimental developments have been carried out to study projectile interactions with accelerated (<= 10 keV) and mass-selected cluster ions. The first size distributions of protonated water cluster ions $H^+(H_2O)_n(n = 2 − 39)$ produced using this new apparatus are presented
Temporal Dynamics of Active Prokaryotic Nitrifiers and Archaeal Communities from River to Sea

International audienceTo test if different niches for potential nitrifiers exist in estuarine systems, we assessed by pyrosequencing the diversity of archaeal gene transcript markers for taxonomy (16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)) during an entire year along a salinity gradient in surface waters of the Charente estuary (Atlantic coast, France). We further investigated the potential for estuarine prokaryotes to oxidize ammonia and hydrolyze urea by quantifying thaumarchaeal amoA and ureC and bacterial amoA transcripts. Our results showed a succession of different nitrifiers from river to sea with bacterial amoA transcripts dominating in the freshwater station while archaeal transcripts were predominant in the marine station. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that Thaumarchaeota marine group I (MGI) were the most abundant overall but other archaeal groups like Methanosaeta were also potentially active in winter (December–March) and Euryarchaeota marine group II (MGII) were dominant in seawater in summer (April–August). Each station also contained different Thaumarchaeota MGI phylogenetic clusters, and the clusters' microdiversity was associated to specific environmental conditions suggesting the presence of ecotypes adapted to distinct ecological niches. The amoA and ureC transcript dynamics further indicated that some of the Thaumarchaeota MGI sub-clusters were involved in ammonia oxidation through the hy-drolysis of urea. Our findings show that ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Bacteria were adapted to contrasted conditions and that the Thaumarchaeota MGI diversity probably corresponds to distinct metabolisms or life strategies
A quantification of the glacial imprint on relief development in the French western Alps

International audienceThe morphology of the western Alps has been strongly influenced by Quaternary glaciations. On the basis of observations of glacial morphology in the Belledonne, Grandes Rousses, Taillefer and Pelvoux-Ecrins Massifs (south-eastern France), we reconstitute the glacial trimline and Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) during the most extensive glaciation (MEG). Our best estimate of the MEG ELA is 1800 ± 100m. Using digital elevation models, we compare our glacial reconstruction with the relief structure of nine major catchments draining the massifs. Modal elevations of the largest catchments occur at 2000–2500m and coincide with minima in plots of mean slope angles as a function of elevation. Modal elevations and slope minima occur between the modern and MEG ELAs, confirming a strong glacial imprint on relief. In order to quantify glacial valley carving in the massifs, we isolated high-elevation, low-relief surfaces that form rock shoulders adjacent to the glacial valleys from a Digital Elevation Model and constructed an interpolated surface passing through these. Subtracting the present-day topography from this surface allows us to quantify the maximum glacial valley depths. Maximum valley depths determined in this manner are typically > 1000m, with spatial maxima occurring around the location of the MEG ELA in most valleys. These numbers do not take into account glacial valley widening and local glacial overdeepenings. The also neglect, however, potential pre-glacial fluvial valley incision, which could account for 20–50% of the measured valley depths. In spite of these problems, inferred valley depths are reasonably well correlated with the mean reconstructed ice thickness, and constitute about half of the sub-ridgeline relief of the studied catchments. These results lead us to propose a significant Quaternary increase in the relief of the French western Alps, controlled by climate and associated with the initiation of alpine glaciations. For reasonable values of the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere, the isostatic response to glacial valley carving reaches values of not, vert, similar 300m across the massifs. This number is insufficient to substantially offset topographic lowering due to regional denudation, and we conclude that the isostatic response to glacial valley carving has not increased peak elevations significantly
U–Pb detrital zircon dates and source provenance analysis of Phanerozoic sequences of the Congo Basin, central Gondwana

International audienceThe Congo Basin (CB) is the largest sediment sink of central Gondwana, built on a mosaic of Precambrian crustal blocks amalgamated during the mid-Paleoproterozoic (Eburnian; 2.1–1.8 Ga), late Mesoproterozoic (Kibaran; 1.4–1.0 Ga), and late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian (Pan African; 750–500 Ma). Sporadic uplift, tilting and erosion of these Precambrian terrains form the source regions for the sedimentary sequences that fill the CB. We investigate the Phanerozoic successions in the field and along four historic deep boreholes drilled in the center of the basin, and date detrital zircons from the main stratigraphic groups to characterize their provenance ages and reconstruct the paleogeographic evolution of the CB during amalgamation and break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent. Sedimentological data show that the oldest, upper Neoproterozoic–lower Paleozoic Redbeds (the Inkisi, Aruwimi and Biano Groups) were derived from the north. Zircons from these sequences have two dominant age-populations of 1100–950 Ma and 800–600 Ma, likely sourced from Kibaran and Pan African terrains within the Oubanguides (e.g. the Central Saharan Belt) and parts of the North African Shield (e.g. Darfour). The overlying Carboniferous–Permian glacial and deglaciation sequences (the Lukuga Group) have similar peaks, as well as abundant zircons of 2.05–1.85 Ga and a subordinate number dated at 1.42–1.37 Ga. The latter are from Eburnian and Kibaran sources in east-central Africa, consistent with west-facing glacial paleo-valleys preserved along the eastern margin of the CB. The succeeding Triassic (the Haute–Lueki Group) and Jurassic–Cretaceous (the Kwango Group) fluvial and aeolian red sandstones were again derived from the north. Their range of zircon dates has two main peaks at 1000 Ma and 600 Ma, but also contain small younger grains of 290–240 Ma and 200–190 Ma. We interpret these younger zircons to be derived from volcanic dust that originated during late Paleozoic–Jurassic magmatism of the Choiyoi and Chon Aike Provinces flanking the Andean subduction margin of Gondwana. By contrast, the uppermost Cenozoic alluviums of the CB (the Kalahari Group) contain diamond concentrates and large zircon fragments dated at 3–2.5 Ga, derived from the Kasai and Cuango Cratons, to the south, which host Cretaceous diamondiferous kimberlites
The efficiency of the crude oil markets: Evidence from variance ratio tests

This study examines the random walk hypothesis for the crude oil markets, using daily data over the period 1982-2008. The weak-form efficient market hypothesis for two crude oil markets (UK Brent and US West Texas Intermediate) is tested with non-parametric variance ratio tests developed by [Wright J.H., 2000. Alternative variance-ratio tests using ranks and signs. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 18, 1-9] and [Belaire-Franch J. and Contreras D., 2004. Ranks and signs-based multiple variance ratio tests. Working paper, Department of Economic Analysis, University of Valencia] as well as the wild-bootstrap variance ratio tests suggested by [Kim, J.H., 2006. Wild bootstrapping variance ratio tests. Economics Letters, 92, 38-43]. We find that the Brent crude oil market is weak-form efficiency while the WTI crude oil market seems to be inefficiency on the 1994-2008 sub-period, suggesting that the deregulation have not improved the efficiency on the WTI crude oil market in the sense of making returns less predictable
Off-resonant Raman transitions impact in an atom interferometer

International audienceWe study the influence of off-resonant two photon transitions on high precision measurements with atom interferometers based on stimulated Raman transitions. These resonances induce a two photon light shift on the resonant Raman condition. The impact of this effect is investigated in two highly sensitive experiments: a gravimeter and a gyroscope-accelerometer. We show that it can lead to significant systematic phase shifts, which have to be taken into account in order to achieve best performances in term of accuracy and stability
Insights into molecular plasticity in protein complexes from Trm9-Trm112 tRNA modifying enzyme crystal structure

International audienceMost of the factors involved in translation (tRNA, rRNA and proteins) are subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, which participate in the fine-tuning and tight control of ribosome and protein synthesis processes. In eukaryotes, Trm112 acts as an obligate activating platform for at least four methyltransferases (MTase) involved in the modification of 18S rRNA (Bud23), tRNA (Trm9 and Trm11) and translation termination factor eRF1 (Mtq2). Trm112 is then at a nexus between ribosome synthesis and function. Here, we present a structure-function analysis of the Trm9-Trm112 complex, which is involved in the 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine (mcm 5 U) modification of the tRNA anticodon wobble position and hence promotes translational fidelity. We also compare the known crystal structures of various Trm112-MTase complexes, highlighting the structural plasticity allowing Trm112 to interact through a very similar mode with its MTase partners, although those share less than 20% sequence identity