pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Rapid and multi-band variability of the TeV-bright active nucleus of the
  galaxy IC 310

Context. The radio galaxy IC 310 has recently been identified as a gamma-ray
emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high
energies (VHE, E>100GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a
head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy
since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. Aims. In order to understand the
nature of IC 310 and the origin of the VHE emission we studied the spectral and
flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE gamma-ray regime.
Methods. The light curve of IC 310 above 300GeV has been measured with the
MAGIC telescopes from Oct. 2009 to Feb. 2010. Fermi-LAT data (2008-2011) in the
10-500GeV energy range were also analyzed. In X-ray, archival observations from
2003 to 2007 with XMM, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5-10keV band were
studied. Results. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and
short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present. The
photon index between 120GeV and 8TeV remains at the value $\Gamma\sim2.0$
during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show
significant variability, whereas the flux at 1TeV changes by a factor of
$\sim7$. Fermi-LAT detected only eight gamma-ray events in the energy range
10GeV-500GeV in three years of observation. The measured photon index of
$\Gamma=1.3\pm0.5$ in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements
show strong variability in flux and photon index. The latter varied from
$1.76\pm0.07$ to $2.55\pm0.07$. Conclusion. The rapid variability measured
confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC 310. The TeV emission seems to
originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii within the compact
core of its FRI radio jet with orientation angle 10deg-38deg. The SED resembles
that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of
magnitude lower
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.1 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tan,3 between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R-hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2015)068 </p
The media’s role in intelligence democratization

The Media's Role in Intelligence Democratization  Florina Cristiana Matei  Pages: 73-108
 DOI: 10.1080/08850607.2014.842806The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850607.2014.842806International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 

Volume 27,  Issue 1, 2014In their path toward democratic consolidation, emerging democracies
endeavor to ensure the democratic transfer of political power, bring
changes in the legal framework, transform their executive, legislative, and
judicial systems, boost free market economy, and develop robust and
functional civil societies. They also institutionalize democratic civil–military
relations (CMR) by establishing new security institutions—military, police,
and intelligence agencies—that are under democratic civilian control
Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5–10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV–10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.MinCyTComisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)CONICETEntre outra
The drying up of Britain?: a national estimate of changes in seasonal river flows from 11 regional climate model simulations

As climate change may modify the hydrological cycle significantly, understanding the impact on river flow is important because it affects long-term water resources planning. Here, we describe a high-resolution British assessment of changes in river flows in the 2050s under 11 different realisations of HadRM3. In winter, river flows may either increase or decrease, with a wide range of possible decreases in summer flow. These results should encourage adaptation that copes with a broad range of future hydrological conditions
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-p(T) leptons of the same charge and high-p(T) jets is presented. The search uses 20.3 fb(-1) of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation. In the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 100 and 500 GeV. The limits are subsequently interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Standard Model neutrinos. In the context of a left-right symmetric model, limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio are set with respect to the masses of heavy Majorana neutrinos and heavy gauge bosons W-R and Z'.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2015)162</p
Strömgren uvby photometry of the peculiar globular cluster NGC 2419

NGC 2419 is a peculiar Galactic globular cluster offset from the others in the size-luminosity diagram, and showing several chemical abundance anomalies. Here, we present Strömgren uvby photometry of the cluster. Using the gravity- and metallicity-sensitive c<inf>1</inf> and m<inf>1</inf> indices, we identify a sample of likely cluster members extending well beyond the formal tidal radius. The estimated contamination by cluster non-members is only one per cent, making our catalogue ideally suited for spectroscopic follow-up. We derive photometric [Fe/H] of red giants, and depending on which metallicity calibration from the literature we use, we find reasonable to excellent agreement with spectroscopic [Fe/H], both for the cluster mean metallicity and for individual stars. We demonstrate explicitly that the photometric uncertainties are not Gaussian and this must be accounted for in any analysis of the metallicity distribution function. Using a realistic, non-Gaussian model for the photometric uncertainties, we find a formal internal [Fe/H] spread of σ=0.11<sup>+0.02</sup><inf>-0.01</inf> dex. This is an upper limit to the cluster's true [Fe/H] spread and may partially, and possibly entirely, reflect the limited precision of the photometric metallicity estimation and systematic effects. The lack of correlation between spectroscopic and photometric [Fe/H] of individual stars is further evidence against a [Fe/H] spread on the 0.1 dex level. Finally, the CN-sensitive δ<inf>4</inf>, among other colour indices, anti-correlates strongly with magnesium abundance, indicating that the second-generation stars are nitrogen enriched. The absence of similar correlations in some other CN-sensitive indices supports the second generation being enriched in He, which in these indices approximately compensates the shift due to CN. Compared to a single continuous distribution with finite dispersion, the observed δ<inf>4</inf> distribution of red giants is slightly better fit by two distinct populations with no internal spread, with the nitrogen-enhanced second generation accounting for 53 ± 5 per cent of stars. Despite its known peculiarities, NGC 2419 appears to be very similar to other metal-poor Galactic globular clusters with a similarly nitrogen-enhanced second generation and little or no variation in [Fe/H], which sets it apart from other suspected accreted nuclei such as ωCen.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
On the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs.

Tolerance graphs have been extensively studied since their introduction, due to their interesting\ud
structure and their numerous applications, as they generalize both interval and permutation\ud
graphs in a natural way. It has been conjectured by Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter in 1984 that\ud
the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs coincides with bounded tolerance graphs.\ud
Since cocomparability graphs can be efficiently recognized, a positive answer to this conjecture in\ud
the general case would enable us to efficiently distinguish between tolerance and bounded tolerance\ud
graphs, although it is NP-complete to recognize each of these classes of graphs separately. This\ud
longstanding conjecture has been proved under some – rather strong – structural assumptions on\ud
the input graph; in particular, it has been proved for complements of trees, and later extended\ud
to complements of bipartite graphs, and these are the only known results so far. Furthermore,\ud
it is known that the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs is contained in the\ud
class of trapezoid graphs. Our main result in this article is that the above conjecture is true\ud
for every graph G that admits a tolerance representation with exactly one unbounded vertex;\ud
note that this assumption concerns only the given tolerance representation R of G, rather than\ud
any structural property of G. Moreover, our results imply as a corollary that the conjecture of\ud
Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter is true for every graph G = (V,E) that has no three independent\ud
vertices a, b, c ∈ V such that N(a) ⊂ N(b) ⊂ N(c), where N(v) denotes the set of neighbors of\ud
a vertex v ∈ V ; this is satisfied in particular when G is the complement of a triangle-free graph\ud
(which also implies the above-mentioned correctness for complements of bipartite graphs). Our\ud
proofs are constructive, in the sense that, given a tolerance representation R of a graph G,\ud
we transform R into a bounded tolerance representation R of G. Furthermore, we conjecture\ud
that any minimal tolerance graph G that is not a bounded tolerance graph, has a tolerance\ud
representation with exactly one unbounded vertex. Our results imply the non-trivial result that, in\ud
order to prove the conjecture of Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter, it suffices to prove our conjecture
Parental reminder, recall and educational interventions to improve early childhood immunisation uptake : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of reducing childhood mortality. Despite global uptake of childhood vaccinations increasing, rates remain sub-optimal, meaning that vaccine-preventable diseases still pose a public health risk. A range of interventions to promote vaccine uptake have been developed, although this range has not specifically been reviewed in early childhood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of parental interventions to improve early childhood (0–5 years) vaccine uptake. Twenty-eight controlled studies contributed to six separate meta-analyses evaluating aspects of parental reminders and education. All interventions were to some extent effective, although findings were generally heterogeneous and random effects models were estimated.\ud
\ud
Receiving both postal and telephone reminders was the most effective reminder-based intervention (RD = 0.1132; 95% CI = 0.033–0.193). Sub-group analyses suggested that educational interventions were more effective in low- and middle-income countries (RD = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.05–0.22) and when conducted through discussion (RD = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02–0.21). Current evidence most supports the use of postal reminders as part of the standard management of childhood immunisations. Parents at high risk of non-compliance may benefit from recall strategies and/or discussion-based forums, however further research is needed to assess the appropriateness of these strategies
Stray-field NMR diffusion q-space diffraction imaging of monodisperse coarsening foams.

The technique of stray field diffusion NMR is adapted to study the diffusion properties of water in monodisperse wet foams. We show for the first time, that the technique is capable of observing q-space diffusion diffraction peaks in monodisperse aqueous foams with initial bubble sizes in the range of 50–85 μm. The position of the peak maximum can be correlated simply to the bubble size in the foam leading to a technique that can investigate the stability of the foam over time.\ud
\ud
The diffusion technique, together with supplementary spin-spin relaxation analysis of the diffusion data is used to follow the stability and coarsening behaviour of monodisperse foams with a water fraction range between 0.24 and 0.33. The monodisperse foams remain stable for a period of hours in terms of the initial bubble size. The duration of this stable period correlates to the initial size of the bubbles. Eventually the bubbles begin to coarsen and this is observed in changes in the position of the diffusion diffraction maxima
Evidence for single top-quark production in the $s$-channel in
  proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$8 TeV with the ATLAS detector using
  the Matrix Element Method

This Letter presents evidence for single top-quark production in the
$s$-channel using proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV
with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is
performed on events containing one isolated electron or muon, large missing
transverse momentum and exactly two $b$-tagged jets in the final state. The
analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$.
The signal is extracted using a maximum-likelihood fit of a discriminant which
is based on the matrix element method and optimized in order to separate
single-top-quark $s$-channel events from the main background contributions,
which are top-quark pair production and $W$ boson production in association
with heavy-flavour jets. The measurement leads to an observed signal
significance of 3.2 standard deviations and a measured cross-section of
$\sigma_s=4.8\pm0.8$(stat.)$^{+1.6}_{-1.3}$(syst.) pb, which is consistent with
the Standard Model expectation. The expected significance for the analysis is
3.9 standard deviations.Comment: 16 pages plus author list + cover page (34 pages total), 4 figures, 2
  tables, submitted to PLB. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-01
Measurement of the dependence of transverse energy production at large
  pseudorapidity on the hard-scattering kinematics of proton-proton collisions
  at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV with ATLAS

The relationship between jet production in the central region and the
underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in
4.0 pb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV $pp$ collision data recorded with the
ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through
measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large
pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a
function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is
characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two
highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to
estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the
hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward
and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse
energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear
dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to
depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared
to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively
reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall
level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity.Comment: 15 pages plus author list + cover pages (33 pages total), 5 figures,
  1 table, submitted to Phys. Lett B, All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2015-02
Lifshitz holographic superconductor in Horava-Lifshitz gravity

We study the holographic phase transition of superconductor dual to a
Lifshitz black brane probed by an anisotropic scalar field in the probe limit
in Ho\u{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. With the use of numerical and analytical
method, we investigate how the critical temperature of the condensation is
affected by the Lifshitz exponent $z$, $\alpha-$correction term in the action
as well as the dimensions of the gravity. We also numerically explore the
condensation of the dual operator and optical conductivity of the holographic
system. Various interesting properties of the holographic condensation affected
by the parameters of model are discussed
Measurement of the top quark mass in the $t\bar{t}\to$ dilepton channel
  from $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV ATLAS data

The top quark mass is measured in the $t\bar{t}\to$ dilepton channel (lepton
$= e, \mu$) using ATLAS data recorded in the year 2012 at the LHC. The data
were taken at a proton--proton centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV and
correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 20.2 fb$^{-1}$. Exploiting the
template method, and using the distribution of invariant masses of
lepton--b-jet pairs, the top quark mass is measured to be $m_{top} =$ 172.99
$\pm$ 0.41 (stat) $\pm$ 0.74 (syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.84 GeV.
Finally, a combination with previous ATLAS $m_{top}$ measurements from
$\sqrt{s}=$7 TeV data in the $t\bar{t}\to$ dilepton and $t\bar{t}\to$
lepton+jets channels results in $m_{top} =$ 172.84 $\pm$ 0.34 (stat) $\pm$ 0.61
(syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.70 GeV.Comment: 18 pages plus author list + cover pages (36 pages total), 3 figures,
  2 tables. Submitted to PLB. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2016-03
The SPAIR method: isolating incident and reflected directional wave spectra in multidirectional wave basins

Wave tank tests aiming to reproduce realistic or site specific conditions will commonly involve using directionally spread, short-crested sea states. The measurement of these directional characteristics is required for the purposes of calibrating and validating the modelled sea state. Commonly used methods of directional spectrumreconstruction, based on directional spreading functions, have an inherent level of uncertainty associated with them. In this paper we aim to reduce the uncertainty in directional spectrum validation by introducing the SPAIR (Single-summation PTPD Approach with In-line Reflections) method, in combination with a directional wave gauge array. A variety of wave conditions were generated in the FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility, Edinburgh, UK, to obtain a range of sea state and reflection scenarios. The presented approach is found to provide improved estimates of directional spectra over standardmethods, reducing the mean apparent directional deviation down to below 6% over the range of sea states. Additionally, the method isolates incident and reflected spectra in both the frequency and time domain, and can separate these wave systems over 360°. The accuracy of themethod is shown to be only slightly sensitive to the level of in-line reflectionpresent,but at present cannot dealwithoblique reflections. The SPAIRmethod, as presented or with slightmodification, will allow complex directional sea states to be validated more effectively, enabling multidirectional wave basins to simulate realistic wave scenarios with increased confidence
Investigation of the antiviral effects of artesunate on BK and JC polyomavirus replication

Papers number 2 and 3, and appendix I of this thesis are not available in Munin: <br>2. Li, R., Sharma, B.N., Linder, S., Gutteberg, T.J., Hirsch, H.H., Rinaldo, C.H.: 'Characteristics of polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) infection in primary human urothelial cells', Virology 440(2013), 41-50, available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.024>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.024</a> <br>3. Biswa Nath Sharma, Manfred Marschall, and Christine Hanssen Rinaldo:
'Artesunate Inhibits Replication of BK Polyomavirus in Primary Human Urothelial Cells', manuscript. <br>Appendix I. Rinaldo, C.H., Tylden, G.D., Sharma, B.N.: 'The human polyomavirus BK (BKPyV): virological background and clinical implications', APMIS 121(2013), 728-745, available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12134>http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12134</a>The ubiquitous human BK and JC polyomaviruses cause the diseases polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, hemoragic cystitis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunosuppressed patients. There are no antiviral drugs for these diseases which often lead to kidney graft loss, severe disability and premature death. As a first step in the evaluation of the malaria drug artesunate as a future treatment option, we investigated the effect on BK- and JC polyomavirus replication in cell cultures.  Our results show that artesunate inhibits BKPyV replication in kidney tubular epithelial cells and urothelial cells, the host cells for BK Polyomavirus in PyVAN and PyVHC. Similarly, artesunate inhibits JC polyomavirus replication in COS-7 cells. Slower cell division was also seen but this was transient. The exact mechanism for viral inhibition is not known yet but probably involves cellular proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that artesunate could be beneficial for treatment of polyomavirus diseases but first, carefully designed clinical studies are needed