pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Flux-Rope Twist in Eruptive Flares and CMEs: due to Zipper and
  Main-Phase Reconnection

The nature of three-dimensional reconnection when a twisted flux tube erupts
during an eruptive flare or coronal mass ejection is considered. The
reconnection has two phases: first of all, 3D "zipper reconnection" propagates
along the initial coronal arcade, parallel to the polarity inversion line
(PIL), then subsequent quasi-2D "main phase reconnection" in the low corona
around a flux rope during its eruption produces coronal loops and chromospheric
ribbons that propagate away from the PIL in a direction normal to it.
  One scenario starts with a sheared arcade: the zipper reconnection creates a
twisted flux rope of roughly one turn ($2\pi$ radians of twist), and then main
phase reconnection builds up the bulk of the erupting flux rope with a
relatively uniform twist of a few turns. A second scenario starts with a
pre-existing flux rope under the arcade. Here the zipper phase can create a
core with many turns that depend on the ratio of the magnetic fluxes in the
newly formed flare ribbons and the new flux rope. Main phase reconnection then
adds a layer of roughly uniform twist to the twisted central core. Both phases
and scenarios are modeled in a simple way that assumes the initial magnetic
flux is fragmented along the PIL. The model uses conservation of magnetic
helicity and flux, together with equipartition of magnetic helicity, to deduce
the twist of the erupting flux rope in terms the geometry of the initial
configuration.
  Interplanetary observations show some flux ropes have a fairly uniform twist,
which could be produced when the zipper phase and any pre-existing flux rope
possess small or moderate twist (up to one or two turns). Other interplanetary
flux ropes have highly twisted cores (up to five turns), which could be
produced when there is a pre-existing flux rope and an active zipper phase that
creates substantial extra twist.Comment: Solar Physics, in pres
Search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb -1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to both the standard model Higgs boson and to the neutral Higgs bosons predicted by the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). No excess of events is observed in the tau-pair invariant-mass spectrum. For a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range of 110-145 GeV upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) on the production cross section are determined. We exclude a Higgs boson with m H=115GeV with a production cross section 3.2 times of that predicted by the standard model. In the MSSM, upper limits on the neutral Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs, as a function of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass, m A, sets stringent new bounds in the parameter space, excluding at 95% CL values of tanβ as low as 7.1 at m A=160GeV in the mhmax benchmark scenario. © 2012 CERN.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA – Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT – Belgium); the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; and the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund
Measurements of four-lepton production in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The four-lepton (4ℓ  , ℓ=e,μℓ=e,μ) production cross section is measured in the mass range from 80 to 1000 GeV using 20.3 fb−1 of data in pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The 4ℓ events are produced in the decays of resonant Z and Higgs bosons and the non-resonant ZZ   continuum originating from View the MathML sourceqq¯, gg, and qg   initial states. A total of 476 signal candidate events are observed with a background expectation of 26.2±3.626.2±3.6 events, enabling the measurement of the integrated cross section and the differential cross section as a function of the invariant mass and transverse momentum of the four-lepton system.

In the mass range above 180 GeV, assuming the theoretical constraint on the View the MathML sourceqq¯ production cross section calculated with perturbative NNLO QCD and NLO electroweak corrections, the signal strength of the gluon-fusion component relative to its leading-order prediction is determined to be μgg=2.4±1.0 (stat.)±0.5 (syst.)±0.8 (theory)μgg=2.4±1.0 (stat.)±0.5 (syst.)±0.8 (theory).We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Neural correlates of the DemTect in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration ? A combined MRI & FDG-PET study ?

Valid screening devices are critical for an early diagnosis of dementia. The DemTect is such an internationally accepted tool. We aimed to characterize the neural networks associated with performance on the DemTect's subtests in two frequent dementia syndromes: early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Voxel-based group comparisons of cerebral glucose utilization (as measured by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) and gray matter atrophy (as measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging) were performed on data from 48 subjects with AD (n = 21), FTLD (n = 14) or subjective cognitive impairment (n = 13) as a control group. We performed group comparisons and correlation analyses between multimodal imaging data and performance on the DemTect's subtests. Group comparisons showed regional patterns consistent with previous findings for AD and FTLD. Interestingly, atrophy dominated in FTLD, whereas hypometabolism in AD. Across diagnostic groups performance on the "wordlist" subtest was positively correlated with glucose metabolism in the left temporal lobe. The "number transcoding" subtest was significantly associated with glucose metabolism in both a predominantly left lateralized frontotemporal network and a parietooccipital network including parts of the basal ganglia. Moreover, this subtest was associated with gray matter density in an extensive network including frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital areas. No significant correlates were observed for the "supermarket task" subtest. Scores on the "digit span reverse" subtest correlated with glucose metabolism in the left frontal cortex, the bilateral putamen, the head of caudate nucleus and the anterior insula. Disease-specific correlation analyses could partly verify or extend the correlates shown in the analyses across diagnostic groups. Correlates of gray matter density were found in FTLD for the "number transcoding" subtest and the "digit span reverse" subtest. Correlates of glucose metabolism were found in AD for the "wordlist" subtest and in FTLD for the "digit span reverse" subtest. Our study contributes to the understanding of the neural correlates of cognitive deficits in AD and FTLD and supports an external validation of the DemTect providing preliminary conclusions about disease-specific correlates
‘A confession of ignorance’: deaths from old age and deciphering cause-of-death statistics in Scotland, 1855 – 1949

A large amount of the research undertaken in an attempt to discover the reasons
underlying the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century mortality decline in Britain
has relied on the statistics published by the Registrars General. The processes by which
individual causes of death are recorded and then processed in order to create the
statistics are not, however, well understood. In this article, the authors build on previous
work to piece together a time series of causes of death for Scotland, which removes
many of the discontinuities encountered in the published statistics that result from the
Registrar General deciding to update the nosology, or classification system, which was
being used to compile his figures. Having regrouped individual causes of death to
‘smooth’ the time series, the authors use the new groups to examine the changing causes
of death in Scotland for selected age groups, before turning to undertake a detailed
examination of mortality amongst those aged 55 or more. The authors find that when
deaths from ‘old age’ in the latter age group are separated from other ‘ill-defined’
causes, it becomes obvious that there was a ‘rebranding’ of cause of death. The authors
then use individual-level data from two Scottish communities to further dissect the roles
played by ‘informants’ and ‘doctors’ in this rebranding, in order to see how these roles
may have altered over time and what the consequences might be for one’s view of how
mortality changed in Scotland between 1855 and 1949. Finally, the authors argue that
their findings have important implications for some of historical demography’s most
prominent theories: the McKeown thesis and the theory of epidemiological transition.This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust through the Scottish Health Informatics Programme
[grant number WT086113], Research Programme 4: Demographic, Socio-Economic and
Environmental Data Linkage. The data sets were created under an Economic and Social Research
Council grant [RES-000-23-0128], Determining the demography of Victorian Scotland through
record linkage’, held by Alice Reid and Eilidh Garrett; a Wellcome Trust award [082200/Z/07/Z],
‘Doctors, deaths, diagnoses and data: A comparative study of the medical certification of cause of
death in nineteenth-century Scotland’, held by Richard Smith, Alice Reid and Eilidh Garrett; and a
British Academy grant [SG-110964], held by Romola Davenport (see http://www.geog.cam.ac.uk/
research/projects/longrundeathcauses/CausesOfDeathInScotland1855-1949Notes.pdf).This is the final published version. The article was originally published in The History of the Family Volume 20, Issue 3, 320-344. DOI:10.1080/1081602X.2014.100176
Search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb[superscript −1] recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to both the standard model Higgs boson and to the neutral Higgs bosons predicted by the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). No excess of events is observed in the tau-pair invariant-mass spectrum. For a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range of 110–145 GeV upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) on the production cross section are determined. We exclude a Higgs boson with [subscript mH]=115 GeV with a production cross section 3.2 times of that predicted by the standard model. In the MSSM, upper limits on the neutral Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs, as a function of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass, [subscript mA], sets stringent new bounds in the parameter space, excluding at 95% CL values of tan β as low as 7.1 at [subscript mA]=160 GeV in the m[max over h] benchmark scenario.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
THREE WASP-SOUTH TRANSITING EXOPLANETS: WASP-74b, WASP-83b, AND WASP-89b

We report the discovery of three new transiting hot Jupiters by WASP-South together with the TRAPPIST photometer and the Euler/CORALIE spectrograph. WASP-74b orbits a star of V = 9.7, making it one of the brighter systems accessible to southern telescopes. It is a 0.95M[subscript Jup] planet with a moderately bloated radius of 1.5 R[subscript Jup] in a 2 day orbit around a slightly evolved F9 star. WASP-83b is a Saturn-mass planet at 0.3 M[subscript Jup] with a radius of 1.0 R[subscript Jup]. It is in a 5 day orbit around a fainter (V = 12.9) G8 star. WASP-89b is a 6 M[subscript Jup] planet in a 3 day orbit with an eccentricity of e = 0.2. It is thus similar to massive, eccentric planets such as XO-3b and HAT-P-2b, except that those planets orbit F stars whereas WASP-89 is a K star. The V = 13.1 host star is magnetically active, showing a rotation period of 20.2 days, while star spots are visible in the transits. There are indications that the planet's orbit is aligned with the stellar spin. WASP-89 is a good target for an extensive study of transits of star spots.Swiss National Science Foundation (Fellowship Grant P300P2-147773
Measurement of the b-hadron production cross section using decays to D*(-)mu-X final states in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration Contributor: M. White for the University of Adelaide.The b-hadron production cross section is measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV, using 3.3 pb−1 of integrated luminosity, collected during the 2010 LHC run. The b-hadrons are selected by partially reconstructing D∗+ μ−X final states. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured production cross section for a b-hadron with pT > 9 GeV and |η| < 2.5 is 32.7±0.8(stat.) +4.5 −6.8(syst.) μb, higher than the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions but consistent within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.ATLAS Collaboratio
Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/Rc = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛRc) of approximately 30.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
Monitoring for potential residual disease activity by serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and soluble Klotho in patients with acromegaly after pituitary surgery: Is there an impact of the genomic deletion of exon 3 in the growth hormone receptor (d3-GHR) gene on “safe” GH cut-off values?

AbstractBackgroundAcromegaly is an illness usually defined by excessively high growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, the latter mainly reflecting GH action on the liver. IGF-1, also known as somatomedin C, mediates several actions of GH. The diagnosis and management of acromegaly is relatively straight forward, but long-term follow-up of patients can be difficult, as elevated IGF-1 levels can occur in the presence of apparently normalised GH levels and late recurrence of acromegaly may arise despite previous suppression on oral glucose tolerance testing. Data suggest this applies especially to patients in whom the GH receptor lacks exon 3. In such patients, GH may not always be a useful marker of disease, and traditional GH cut-offs may be misleading. Recent data suggest that soluble Klotho (sKlotho), besides and in addition to IGF-1, may help monitor the activity of GH-producing adenomas (presumably reflecting GH action on the kidneys) and may be a useful supplementary tool.MethodsGHR genotyping was performed in 112 patients with acromegaly. IGF-1 and sKlotho levels were measured in the sera of patients before and after transsphenoidal surgery, with emphasis on patients judged inconclusively cured by surgery or with small residual tumour masses shortly after surgery. Patients were assessed for recurrence of acromegaly with GH levels (random or nadir during an oGTT).ResultsOf the 48 patients who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2009 and who had well-documented longer term follow-up at our institution, 29 had no biochemical evidence of residual disease activity after transsphenoidal surgery (marked reduction in IGF-1 and sKlotho levels, GH suppressible to <1ng/ml) and were classified as in remission. 2 of these patients developed recurrent symptoms of acromegaly during follow-up with increasing levels of IGF-1 and sKlotho, and both patients were carriers of the d3-GHR genotype.ConclusionsAcromegalic patients with the d3-GHR polymorphism might be – for a given low postsurgical GH level – at higher risk for recurrence and may require a lower GH nadir during oGTT to be classified as in remission. Soluble Klotho could be useful in the follow-up of acromegalic patients. The question arises whether sKlotho not only reflects the activity of GH-secreting pituitary adenomas but whether Klotho (ectodomain clipping?) could also mediate selected actions of GH
Dark energy imprints on the kinematic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich signal

AbstractWe investigate the imprint of dark energy on the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (kSZ) angular power spectrum on scales of ℓ=1000 to 10000, and find that the kSZ signal is sensitive to the dark energy parameter. For example, varying the constant w by 20% around w=−1 results in a ≳10% change on the kSZ spectrum; changing the dark energy dynamics parametrized by wa by ±0.5, a 30% change on the kSZ spectrum is expected. We discuss the observational aspects and develop a fitting formula for the kSZ power spectrum. Finally, we discuss how the precise modeling of the post-reionization signal would help the constraints on patchy reionization signal, which is crucial for measuring the duration of reionization
The phosphorylation of endogenous Nedd4-2 In Na+—absorbing human airway epithelial cells

AbstractNeural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2 (Nedd4-2) mediates the internalisation / degradation of epithelial Na+ channel subunits (α-, β- and γ-ENaC). Serum / glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and protein kinase A (PKA) both appear to inhibit this process by phosphorylating Nedd4-2-Ser221, -Ser327 and -Thr246. This Nedd4-2 inactivation process is thought to be central to the hormonal control of Na+ absorption. The present study of H441 human airway epithelial cells therefore explores the effects of SGK1 and / or PKA upon the phosphorylation / abundance of endogenous Nedd4-2; the surface expression of ENaC subunits, and electrogenic Na+ transport. Effects on Nedd4-2 phosphorylation/abundance and the surface expression of ENaC were monitored by western analysis, whilst Na+ absorption was quantified electrometrically. Acutely (20min) activating PKA in glucocorticoid-deprived (24h) cells increased the abundance of Ser221-phosphorylated, Ser327-phosphorylated and total Nedd4-2 without altering the abundance of Thr246-phosphorylated Nedd4-2. Activating PKA under these conditions did not cause a co-ordinated increase in the surface abundance of α-, β- and γ-ENaC and had only a very small effect upon electrogenic Na+ absorption. Activating PKA (20min) in glucocorticoid-treated (0.2µM dexamethasone, 24h) cells, on the other hand, increased the abundance of Ser221-, Ser327- and Thr246-phosphorylated and total Nedd4-2; increased the surface abundance of α-, β- and γ-ENaC and evoked a clear stimulation of Na+ transport. Chronic glucocorticoid stimulation therefore appears to allow cAMP-dependent control of Na+ absorption by facilitating the effects of PKA upon the Nedd4-2 and ENaC subunits