pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The continuous tower of scalar fields as a system of interacting dark matter–dark energy

AbstractThis paper aims to introduce a new parameterisation for the coupling Q in interacting dark matter and dark energy models by connecting said models with the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields model. Based upon the existence of a dark matter and a dark energy sectors in the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields, a simplification is considered for the evolution of a single scalar field from the tower, validated in this paper. This allows for the results obtained with the Continuous Tower of Scalar Fields model to match those of an interacting dark matter–dark energy system, considering that the energy transferred from one fluid to the other is given by the energy of the scalar fields that start oscillating at a given time, rather than considering that the energy transference depends on properties of the whole fluids that are interacting
A quantum mechanics analogy for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the finite line

AbstractA quantum mechanics analogy is used to determine the forces acting on and the energies of solitons governed by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in finite intervals with periodic and with homogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions. It is shown that the energy densities remain nearly constant for periodic, while they undergo large variations for homogeneous, boundary conditions. The largest variations in the force and energy densities occur for the Neumann boundary conditions, but, for all the boundary conditions considered in this paper, the magnitudes of these forces and energies recover their values prior to the interaction of the soliton with the boundary, after the soliton rebound process is completed. It is also shown that the quantum momentum changes sign but recovers its original value after the collision of the soliton with the boundaries. The asymmetry of the Robin boundary conditions shows different dynamic behaviour at the left and right boundaries of the finite interval
Children’s use of interventions to learn causal structure

AbstractChildren between 5 and 8years of age freely intervened on a three-variable causal system, with their task being to discover whether it was a common cause structure or one of two causal chains. From 6 or 7years of age, children were able to use information from their interventions to correctly disambiguate the structure of a causal chain. We used a Bayesian model to examine children’s interventions on the system; this showed that with development children became more efficient in producing the interventions needed to disambiguate the causal structure and that the quality of interventions, as measured by their informativeness, improved developmentally. The latter measure was a significant predictor of children’s correct inferences about the causal structure. A second experiment showed that levels of performance were not reduced in a task where children did not select and carry out interventions themselves, indicating no advantage for self-directed learning. However, children’s performance was not related to intervention quality in these circumstances, suggesting that children learn in a different way when they carry out interventions themselves
Geometric origin of large lepton mixing in a higher-dimensional spacetime

AbstractThe large mixing in the lepton sector observed in the recent neutrino-oscillation experiments strongly suggests that nature of left-handed lepton doublets is very different from that of left-handed quark doublets. This means that there is a big disparity between the matter multiplets 5∗'s and 10's in the SU(5) unified theory. We show that this big difference can be explained in a six-dimensional spacetime compactified on the T2/Z3 orbifold. That is, we propose to put three families of 5∗'s on three equivalent fixed points of the orbifold and the three 10's in the two-dimensional bulk. We construct an explicit model realizing this situation and show that the democratic mass structure in the lepton sector is naturally obtained and hence the model explains the observed bi-large lepton mixing and simultaneously the required small mixing Ue3. The mass matrices and mixing in the quark sector are also briefly discussed
Classical integrable defects as quasi Bäcklund transformations

AbstractWe consider the algebraic setting of classical defects in discrete and continuous integrable theories. We derive the “equations of motion” on the defect point via the space-like and time-like description. We then exploit the structural similarity of these equations with the discrete and continuous Bäcklund transformations. And although these equations are similar they are not exactly the same to the Bäcklund transformations. We also consider specific examples of integrable models to demonstrate our construction, i.e. the Toda chain and the sine-Gordon model. The equations of the time (space) evolution of the defect (discontinuity) degrees of freedom for these models are explicitly derived
Regulation of neuron–astrocyte metabolic coupling across the sleep–wake cycle

AbstractOver the last thirty years, a growing number of studies showed that astrocytes play a pivotal role in the energy support to synapses. More precisely, astrocytes adjust energy production to neuronal energy needs through different mechanisms grouped under the term “neurometabolic coupling” (NMC). In this review we describe these mechanisms of coupling and how they involve astrocytes. From a physiological point of view, these mechanisms of coupling are particularly important to ensure normal synaptic functioning when neurons undergo rapid and repetitive changes in the firing rate such as during the sleep/wake transitions.Investigations into brain energy metabolism during the sleep/wake cycle have been mainly focused on glucose (Gluc) consumption and on glycogen metabolism. However, the recent development of substrate-specific biosensors allowed measurements of the variation in extracellular levels of glutamate, Gluc and lactate (Lac) with a time resolution compatible with sleep stage duration. Together with gene expression data these experiments allowed to better define the variations of energy metabolite regulation across the sleep/wake cycle.The aim of this review is to bring into perspective the role of astrocytes and NMC in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. The data reviewed also suggest an important role of the astrocytic network. In addition, the role of astrocytes in NMC mechanisms is consistent with the “local and use dependent” sleep hypothesis
Exact extended supersymmetry on a lattice: Twisted N=2 super-Yang–Mills in two dimensions

AbstractWe propose a lattice action for two-dimensional super-Yang–Mills theory with a twisted N=2 supersymmetry. The extended supersymmetry is fully and exactly realized on the lattice. The method employed is quite general and its extension to the N=4 supersymmetry in four dimensions is briefly presented. The lattice has a new type of “fermionic” links, where odd Grassmann variables, supercharges and fermionic connections sit. The Leibniz rule is preserved on the lattice, although in a modified “shifted” form that takes into account the link nature of both derivatives and supercharges. Superfields are semi-local objects and superfield expansion is naturally embedded in the lattice structure. The Dirac–Kähler twist generates the extended twisted supersymmetry, turning the multiplicity of species doublers into the multiplicity due to the extended supersymmetry. In this way the balance between bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom is preserved
Genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron: Importance in the control of blood pressure and hypertension

AbstractIn this review, we discuss genetic evidence supporting Guyton’s hypothesis stating that blood pressure control is critically depending on fluid handling by the kidney. The review is focused on the genetic dissection of sodium and potassium transport in the distal nephron and the collecting duct that are the most important sites for the control of sodium and potassium balance by aldosterone and angiotensin II. Thanks to the study of Mendelian forms of hypertension and their corresponding transgenic mouse models, three main classes of diuretic receptors (furosemide, thiazide, amiloride) and the main components of the aldosterone- and angiotensin-dependent signaling pathways were molecularly identified over the past 20years. This will allow to design rational strategies for the treatment of hypertension and for the development of the next generation of diuretics
Neutral-current four-fermion production in e+e− interactions at LEP

AbstractNeutral-current four-fermion production, e+e−→ff¯f′f¯′, is studied in 0.7 fb−1 of data collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies s=183–209 GeV. Four final states are considered: qq¯νν¯, qq¯ℓ+ℓ−, ℓ+ℓ−ℓ′+ℓ′− and ℓ+ℓ−νν¯, where ℓ denotes either an electron or a muon. Their cross sections are measured and found to agree with the Standard Model predictions. In addition, the e+e−→Zγ∗→ff¯f′f¯′ process is studied and its total cross section at the average centre-of-mass energy 〈s〉=196.6 GeV is found to be 0.29±0.05±0.03 pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 0.22 pb. Finally, the mass spectra of the qq¯ℓ+ℓ− final states are analysed to search for the possible production of a new neutral heavy particle, for which no evidence is found
Predictive CP violating relations for charmless two-body decays of beauty baryons Ξb−,0 and Λb0 with flavor SU(3) symmetry

AbstractSeveral baryons containing a heavy b-quark have been discovered. The decays of these states provide new platform for testing the standard model (SM). We study CP violation in SM for charmless two-body decays of the flavor SU(3) anti-triplet beauty baryon (b-baryon) B=(Ξb−,Ξb0,Λb0) in a model independent way. We found, in the flavor SU(3) symmetry limit, a set of new predictive relations among the branching ratio Br and CP asymmetry ACP for B decays, such as ACP(Ξb−→K0Ξ−)/ACP(Ξb−→K¯0Σ−)=−Br(Ξb−→K¯0Σ−)/Br(Ξb−→K0Σ−), ACP(Λb0→π−p)/ACP(Ξb0→K−Σ+)=−Br(Ξb0→K−Σ+)τΛb0/Br(Λb0→π−p)τΞb0, and ACP(Λb0→K−p)/ACP(Ξb0→π−Σ+)=−Br(Ξb0→π−Σ+)τΛb0/Br(Λb0→K−p)τΞb0. Future data from LHCb can test these relations and also other relations found
Cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in the treatment of non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to assess the cost-effectiveness of bivalirudin versus heparin plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) in thienopyridine-treated non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients undergoing early or urgent invasive management, from a United Kingdom National Health Service perspective.MethodsA decision-analytic model with lifelong time horizon was populated with event risks and resource use parameters derived from the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy (ACUITY) trial raw data. In a parallel analysis, key comparator strategy inputs came from Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) patients enrolled in the United Kingdom. Upstream and catheter laboratory-initiated GPI were assumed to be tirofiban and abciximab, respectively. Life expectancy of first-year survivors, unit costs, and health-state utilities came from United Kingdom sources. Costs and effects were discounted at 3.5%. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were expressed as cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.ResultsHigher acquisition costs for bivalirudin were partially offset by lower hospitalization and bleeding costs. In the ACUITY-based analysis, per-patient lifetime costs in the bivalirudin and heparin plus GPI strategies were £10,903 and £10,653, respectively. Patients survived 10.87 and 10.82 years on average, corresponding to 5.96 and 5.93 QALYs and resulting in an ICER of £9,906 per QALY gained. The GRACE-based ICER was £12,276 per QALY gained. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 72.1% and 67.0% of simulation results were more cost-effective than £20,000 per QALY gained, in the ACUITY-based and GRACE-based analyses, respectively. Additional scenario analyses implied that greater cost-effectiveness may be achieved in actual clinical practice.ConclusionsTreating NSTE-ACS patients undergoing invasive management with bivalirudin is likely to represent a cost-effective option for the United Kingdom, when compared with the current practice of using heparin and a GPI
Unmixing Supergravity

We examine the double-trace spectrum of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super Yang-Mills
theory in the supergravity limit. At large $N$ double-trace operators exhibit
degeneracy. By considering free-field and tree-level supergravity contributions
to four-point functions of half-BPS operators we resolve the degeneracy for a
large family of double-trace operators. The mixing problem reveals a
surprisingly simple structure which allows us to obtain their three-point
functions at leading order in the large $N$ expansion as well as their leading
anomalous dimensions.Comment: 46 pages, 1 figure. Typos fixed, journal versio
Search for dijet resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models

A search is presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb(-1). The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.4TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.9TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.5TeV, excited quarks below 5.4TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.OTeV, W' bosons below 2.7 TeV, Z' bosons below 2.1 TeV and between 2.3 and 2.6 TeV, and RS gravitons below 1.9 TeV. These extend previous limits in the dijet channel. Vector and axial-vector mediators in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter are excluded below 2.0 TeV. The first limits in the dijet channel on dark matter mediators are presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments. (C) 2017 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
The supersoft X-ray source in V5116 Sagittarii: I. the high resolution spectra

Context. Classical nova explosions occur on the surface of an accreting white dwarf in a binary system. After ejection of a fraction of the envelope and when the expanding shell becomes optically thin to X-rays, a bright source of supersoft X-rays arises, powered by residual H burning on the surface of the white dwarf. While the general picture of the nova event is well established, the details and balance of accretion and ejection processes in classical novae are still full of unknowns. The long-term balance of accreted matter is of special interest for massive accreting white dwarfs, which may be promising supernova Ia progenitor candidates. Nova V5116 Sgr 2005b was observed as a bright and variable supersoft X-ray source by XMM-Newton in March 2007, 610 days after outburst. The light curve showed a periodicity consistent with the orbital period. During one third of the orbit the luminosity was a factor of seven brighter than during the other two thirds of the orbital period.\ud
Aims. In the present work we aim to disentangle the X-ray spectral components of V5116 Sgr and their variability.\ud
Methods. We present the high resolution spectra obtained with XMM-Newton RGS and Chandra LETGS/HRC-S in March and August 2007.\ud
Results. The grating spectrum during the periods of high-flux shows a typical hot white dwarf atmosphere dominated by absorption lines of N VI and N VII. During the low-flux periods, the spectrum is dominated by an atmosphere with the same temperature as during the high-flux period, but with several emission features superimposed. Some of the emission lines are well modeled with an optically thin plasma in collisional equilibrium, rich in C and N, which also explains some excess in the spectra of the high-flux period. No velocity shifts are observed in the absorption lines, with an upper limit set by the spectral resolution of 500 km s-1, consistent with the expectation of a non-expanding atmosphere so late in the evolution of the post-nova.Postprint (published version
Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

A measurement is presented of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Using the CMS detector at the LHC, the inelastic cross section is measured through two independent methods based on information from (i) forward calorimetry (for pseudorapidity 3 < abs(eta) < 5), in collisions where at least one proton loses more than 5E-6 of its longitudinal momentum, and (ii) the central tracker (abs(eta) < 2.4), in collisions containing an interaction vertex with more than 1, 2, or 3 tracks with transverse momenta pt > 200 MeV. The measurements cover a large fraction of the inelastic cross section for particle production over about 9 units of pseudorapidity and down to small transverse momenta. The results are compared with those of other experiments, and with models used to describe high-energy hadronic interactions
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities

The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s Law in the growth of cities, using data on the complete distribution of cities (without size restrictions or a truncation point) in three countries (the US, Spain and Italy) for the entire 20th century. For this we use different techniques. First, panel data unit root tests tend to confirm the validity of Gibrat’s Law in the upper tail distribution and, second, we find mixed evidence in favour of Gibrat's Law in the long term (in general, size affects the variance of the growth process but not its mean) when using nonparametric methods that relate the growth rate to city size. Moreover, the lognormal distribution works as a good description of city size distribution across the whole century when no truncation point is considered.
Early warning indicator of economic vulnerability

The initiative to capture the information content behind the rise and fall of the business cycle has popularized the study of leading indicators. Many of the foreign experiences shared by economically advanced countries reveal that the leading indicator approach works well as a short-term forecasting tool. Thus, exploring an indicator-based forecasting tool for business cycle analysis and economic risk monitoring would provide insight into the Malaysian economy as well as that of other emerging countries. By extending the ideology of indicator construction from the US National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), the present study demonstrated the strong potential of the leading indicator approach to be a good gauge of the business cycle movement in addition to being a practical and functional early warning indicator for economic vulnerability prediction.
Sense of community in science fiction random, part 1: Understanding sense of community in an international community of interest

Within the discipline of community psychology there is debate as to the dimensions underlying the construct psychological sense of community (PSOC). One of the few theoretical discussions is that of McMillan and Chavis (1986), who hypothesized four dimensions: Belonging; Fulfillment of Needs; Influence; and Shared Connections. Discussion has also emerged in the literature regarding the role of identification within PSOC. It has been suggested that differences in PSOC may be understood in terms of the degree to which members identify with their community (Fisher &amp; Sonn, 1999). However, few studies have explored the place of identification in PSOC. In addition, while PSOC has been applied to both communities of interest and geographical communities, little research has looked in depth at PSOC within communities of interest. The current study therefore explored PSOC in science fiction fandom, a community of interest with membership from all over the world, by means of a questionnaire distributed at an international science fiction convention (N = 359). In an endeavor to clarify the underlying dimensions of PSOC, the questionnaire included several measures of PSOC, and measures of identification with the community. Results showed that science fiction fandom reported high levels of PSOC. Support emerged for McMillan and Chavis\u27 (1986) four dimensions of PSOC, with the addition of a fifth dimension, that of Conscious Identification. These results, and implications for PSOC research, are discussed.<br /
Parental positive meaning-making when caregiving for children with asthma

Providing informal care to children/adolescents with chronic conditions has been associated with high levels of caregiving burden and impaired quality of life (QoL); however, parents can also experience uplifts which, by facilitating the attribution of positive meanings to caregiving, may contribute to better adaptation outcomes. The present study aimed at examining the direct and indirect links, via positive reframing as a coping strategy, between caregiving uplifts and quality of life (QoL) of parents who have a child/adolescent with asthma, as well as the invariance of the mediation model across children’s age groups and asthma severity levels. A total of 180 parents of children/adolescents aged 8-18 reported their experience of caregiving uplifts (Revised Burden Measure), the use of positive reframing coping (Brief Cope) and their QoL (WHOQOL-Bref). Structural equation modeling showed a good fit for the mediation model (χ2/df=1.74, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.06), which explained 14% of the variability of parents’ QoL. The caregiving uplifts were positively associated with positive reframing coping (β=.19, p=.02), which in turn was positively associated with QoL (β=.36, p<.01). No direct effect of uplifts on parents’ QoL was found, but the indirect effect via positive reframing coping was statistically significant (β=.07, BC95%CI=.01/.14). Multi-group analyses demonstrated the strong structural invariance of the model across age groups (Δχ2=.89, p=.35) and asthma severity levels (Δχ2=1.91, p=.17). These results suggest that psychological interventions focused on recognizing and valuing caregiving uplifts and on positive reappraisal of the stressful situation may support more adaptive coping processes and improve parents’ QoL