pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-sections in proton--proton
  collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive jet production cross-sections are measured in proton--proton
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=$8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS
experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The total integrated
luminosity of the analysed data set amounts to $20.2$ fb$^{-1}$.
Double-differential cross-sections are measured for jets defined by the
anti-$k_{t}$ jet clustering algorithm with radius parameters of $R=0.4$ and
$R=0.6$ and are presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum, in the
range between 70 GeV and 2.5 TeV and in six bins of the absolute jet rapidity,
between 0 and 3.0. The measured cross-sections are compared to predictions of
quantum chromodynamics, calculated at next-to-leading order in perturbation
theory, and corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects. The level
of agreement with predictions, using a selection of different parton
distribution functions for the proton, is quantified. Tensions between the data
and the theory predictions are observed.Comment: 56 pages in total, author list starting page 40, 10 figures, 6
  tables, published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-0
Measurement of the mass difference between top quark and antiquark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The invariance of the standard model (SM) under the CPT transformation predicts equality of particle and antiparticle masses. This prediction is tested by measuring the mass difference between the top quark and antiquark (View the MathML sourceΔmt=mt−mt‾) that are produced in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, using events with a muon or an electron and at least four jets in the final state. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 fb−1collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and yields a value of View the MathML sourceΔmt=−0.15±0.19(stat)±0.09(syst) GeV, which is consistent with the SM expectation. This result is significantly more precise than previously reported measurements
Mycobacterial p(1)-type ATPases mediate resistance to zinc poisoning in human macrophages

Mycobacterium tuberculosis thrives within macrophages by residing in phagosomes and preventing them from maturing and fusing with lysosomes. A parallel transcriptional survey of intracellular mycobacteria and their host macrophages revealed signatures of heavy metal poisoning. In particular, mycobacterial genes encoding heavy metal efflux P-type ATPases CtpC, CtpG, and CtpV, and host cell metallothioneins and zinc exporter ZnT1, were induced during infection. Consistent with this pattern of gene modulation, we observed a burst of free zinc inside macrophages, and intraphagosomal zinc accumulation within a few hours postinfection. Zinc exposure led to rapid CtpC induction, and ctpC deficiency caused zinc retention within the mycobacterial cytoplasm, leading to impaired intracellular growth of the bacilli. Thus, the use of P(1)-type ATPases represents a M. tuberculosis strategy to neutralize the toxic effects of zinc in macrophages. We propose that heavy metal toxicity and its counteraction might represent yet another chapter in the host-microbe arms race
Computational prediction of MicroRNAs from toxoplasma gondii potentially regulating the hosts' gene expression

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered two decades ago, yet there is still a great need for further studies elucidating their genesis and targeting in different phyla. Since experimental discovery and validation of miRNAs is difficult, computational predictions are indispensable and today most computational approaches employ machine learning. Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite residing within the cells of its hosts like human, uses miRNAs for its post-transcriptional gene regulation. It may also regulate its hosts' gene expression, which has been shown in brain cancer. Since previous studies have shown that overexpressed miRNAs within the host are causal for disease onset, we hypothesized that T. gondii could export miRNAs into its host cell. We computationally predicted all hairpins from the genome of T. gondii and used mouse and human models to filter possible candidates. These were then further compared to known miRNAs in human and rodents and their expression was examined for T. gondii grown in mouse and human hosts, respectively. We found that among the millions of potential hairpins in T. gondii, only a few thousand pass filtering using a human or mouse model and that even fewer of those are expressed. Since they are expressed and differentially expressed in rodents and human, we suggest that there is a chance that T. gondii may export miRNAs into its hosts for direct regulation
Many families of Caenorhabditis elegans microRNAs are not essential for development or viability

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 23 nt regulatory RNAs that posttranscriptionally inhibit the functions of protein-coding mRNAs. We previously found that most C. elegans miRNAs are individually not essential for development or viability and proposed that paralogous miRNAs might often function redundantly . To test this hypothesis, we generated mutant C. elegans strains that each lack multiple or all members of one of 15 miRNA families. Mutants for 12 of these families did not display strong synthetic abnormalities, suggesting that these miRNA families have subtle roles during development. By contrast, mutants deleted for all members of the mir-35 or mir-51 families died as embryos or early larvae, and mutants deleted for four members of the mir-58 family showed defects in locomotion, body size, and egg laying and an inability to form dauer larvae. Our findings indicate that the regulatory functions of most individual miRNAs and most individual families of miRNAs related in sequence are not critical for development or viability. Conversely, because in some cases miRNA family members act redundantly, our findings emphasize the importance of determining miRNA function in the absence of miRNAs related in sequence.available in PMC 2010 August 23Ellison Medical FoundationHoward Hughes Medical Institut
Planar dynamical systems with pure Lebesgue diffraction spectrum.

We examine the diffraction properties of lattice dynamical systems of algebraic origin. It is well-known that diverse dynamical properties occur within this class. These include different orders of mixing (or higher-order correlations), the presence or absence of measure rigidity (restrictions on the set of possible shift-invariant ergodic measures to being those of algebraic origin), and different entropy ranks (which may be viewed as the maximal spatial dimension in which the system resembles an i.i.d.\ process). Despite these differences, it is shown that the resulting diffraction spectra are essentially indistinguishable, thus raising further difficulties for the inverse problem of structure determination from diffraction spectra. Some of them may be resolved on the level of higher-order correlation functions, which we also briefly compare
Measurement of the inclusive φ cross-section in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The cross-section for inclusive phi meson production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV has been measured with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The differential cross-section is measured as a function of the phi transverse momentum p_T and rapidity y in the region 0.6 < p_T < 5.0 GeV/c and 2.44 < y < 4.06. The cross-section for inclusive phi production in this kinematic range is sigma(pp -> phi X) = 1758 pm 19(stat) ^{+43}_{-14}(syst) pm 182(scale) microbarn, where the first systematic uncertainty depends on the p_T and y region and the second is related to the overall scale. Predictions based on the Pythia 6.4 generator underestimate the cross-section
Can employment subsidies and greater labour market flexibility increase job opportunities for youth? Revisiting the Italian On-the-job Training Program

The CFL (On-the-job Training) programme was introduced in Italy in 1985 with the aim of reducing  youth unemployment. The new programme offered employers two main advantages: it  exempted them almost completely from  payment of payroll taxes and it provided them with  virtually the only opportunity to employ people on a basis of fixed term contracts.
The paper looks at the employment impact of the programme among a subgroup of eligible workers and finds that firms taking part increased employment more than non-participating firms by almost 5%. Employers had a strong positive reaction to the tax subsidies and to the softening of the rigid employment code. 
The overall effect  of the programme  on youth employment was however  limited, registering only a 1% increase, mainly because  about 80%  of  firms never participated.
An empirical comparison of alternate regime-switching models or electricity spot prices

One of the most profound features of electricity spot prices are the price spikes. Markov regime-switching (MRS) models seem to be a natural candidate for modeling this spiky behavior. However, in the studies published so far, the goodness-of-fit of the proposed models has not been a major focus. While most of the models were elegant, their fit to empirical data has either been not examined thoroughly or the signs of a bad fit ignored. With this paper we want to fill the gap. We calibrate and test a range of MRS models in an attempt to find parsimonious specifications that not only address the main characteristics of electricity prices but are statistically sound as well. We find that the most universal and robust structure is that of an independent spike 3-regime model with heteroscedastic diffusion-type base regime dynamics and shifted spike regime distributions.
Money and random matching in an endogenous growth model

In this study, we develop a search-based monetary growth model to analyze the effects of inflation on economic growth and social welfare by introducing endogenous economic growth via capital externality into a two-sector search model. We �find that the channel through which inflation affects economic growth in the search model is different from the cash-in-advance model. In the quantitative analysis, we evaluate the welfare effect of inflation in the search-based endogenous growth model and compare it to a search-based exogenous growth model. We �find that the welfare effect of inflation is nonlinear in the endogenous growth model whereas it is linear in the exogenous growth model. Furthermore, we find that the welfare cost of inflation under endogenous growth is about three times as large as the welfare cost under exogenous growth.
How to recognise a kick : A cognitive task analysis of drillers’ situation awareness during well operations

Acknowledgements This article is based on a doctoral research project of the first author which was sponsored by an international drilling rig operator. The views presented are those of the authors and should not be taken to represent the position or policy of the sponsor. The authors wish to thank the industrial supervisor and the drilling experts for their contribution and patience, as well as Aberdeen Drilling School for allowing the first author to attend one of their well control courses.Peer reviewedPostprin
Early social experience affects the development of eye gaze processing

Eye gaze is a key channel of non-verbal communication in humans [1-3]. Eye contact with others is present from birth [4], and eye gaze processing is crucial for social learning and adult-infant communication [5-7]. However, little is known about the effect of selectively different experience of eye contact and gaze communication on early social and communicative development. To directly address this question, 14 sighted infants of blind parents (SIBP) were assessed longitudinally at 6-10 and 12-16 months. Face scanning [8] and gaze following [7, 9] were assessed using eye tracking. In addition, naturalistic observations were made when the infants were interacting with their blind parent and with an unfamiliar sighted adult. Established measures of emergent autistic-like behaviours [10] and standardized tests of cognitive, motor and linguistic development [11] were also collected. These data were then compared with those obtained from a group of infants of sighted parents. Despite showing typical social skills development overall, infants of blind parents allocated less attention to adult eye movements and gaze direction, an effect which increased between 6-10 and 12-16 months of age. The results suggest that infants adjust their use of adult's eye gaze depending on gaze communication experience from early in life. The results highlight that human functional brain development shows selective experience-dependent plasticity adaptive to the individual's specific social environment
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in root s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in View the MathML sources=7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 35 pb−135 pb−1 of analysed data. Gluino masses below 500 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion increases to 870 GeV for equal mass squarks and gluinos. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with View the MathML sourcetanβ=3, A0=0A0=0 and μ>0μ>0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded below 775 GeV. These are the most stringent limits to date.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhl, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Exploring viral infection using single-cell sequencing.

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) has emerged as a valuable tool to study cellular heterogeneity in diverse fields, including virology. By studying the viral and cellular genome and/or transcriptome, the dynamics of viral infection can be investigated at single cell level. Most studies have explored the impact of cell-to-cell variation on the viral life cycle from the point of view of the virus, by analyzing viral sequences, and from the point of view of the cell, mainly by analyzing the cellular host transcriptome. In this review, we will focus on recent studies that use single-cell sequencing to explore viral diversity and cell variability in response to viral replication
Empirical study on Nimbus-7 snow mass and Indian summer monsoon rainfall

In this study the relationship between Nimbus-7 snow mass and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) for the period 1979-1987 is examined. Results reveal that the January snow mass over two regions of the former USSR - one located north-east of Moscow and the other lying between Mongolia and Siberia - shows a high inverse relationship with subsequent ISMR. However, the snow cover over Eurasia for the month of April shows a significant relation with ISMR. Implications of these connections in long-range forecasting of ISMR are also examined
Semiclassical Green's functions and an instanton formulation of electron-transfer rates in the nonadiabatic limit.

We present semiclassical approximations to Green’s functions of multidimensional systems, extending Gutzwiller’s work to the classically forbidden region. Based on steepest-descent integrals over these functions, we derive an instanton method for computing the rate of nonadiabatic reactions, such as electron transfer, in the weak-coupling limit, where Fermi’s golden-rule can be employed. This generalizes Marcus theory to systems for which the environment free-energy curves are not harmonic and where nuclear tunnelling plays a role. The derivation avoids using the Im F method or short-time approximations to real-time correlation functions. A clear physical interpretation of the nuclear tunnelling processes involved in an electron-transfer reaction is thus provided. In Paper II [J. O. Richardson, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 134116 (2015)], we discuss numerical evaluation of the formulae
Circulating sex hormones and breast cancer risk factors in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of 13 studies.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer risk for postmenopausal women is positively associated with circulating concentrations of oestrogens and androgens, but the determinants of these hormones are not well understood.
METHODS: Cross-sectional analyses of breast cancer risk factors and circulating hormone concentrations in more than 6000 postmenopausal women controls in 13 prospective studies.
RESULTS: Concentrations of all hormones were lower in older than younger women, with the largest difference for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was higher in the older women. Androgens were lower in women with bilateral ovariectomy than in naturally postmenopausal women, with the largest difference for free testosterone. All hormones were higher in obese than lean women, with the largest difference for free oestradiol, whereas SHBG was lower in obese women. Smokers of 15+ cigarettes per day had higher levels of all hormones than non-smokers, with the largest difference for testosterone. Drinkers of 20+ g alcohol per day had higher levels of all hormones, but lower SHBG, than non-drinkers, with the largest difference for DHEAS. Hormone concentrations were not strongly related to age at menarche, parity, age at first full-term pregnancy or family history of breast cancer.
CONCLUSION: Sex hormone concentrations were strongly associated with several established or suspected risk factors for breast cancer, and may mediate the effects of these factors on breast cancer risk
The UK food retail ‘race for space’ and market saturation:a contemporary review

This conceptual review paper explores food retail space saturation in the UK in the light of an apparent recent peak of store space growth, an inferred decline of the hypermarket format, and, in particular, the stagnation and subsequent deterioration in performance of the UK market leader, Tesco. Despite saturation being widely discussed by retail executives and analysts, the last significant academic work in this area occurred in the mid-1990s. In this paper, we develop an understanding of retail saturation that rests on a spatial conceptualization of retail development at a local catchment level and rationalize why, and in what ways, saturation manifests itself through sales impacts and cannibalization. In the process, we analyse the differing local effects of new store openings, store extensions and format innovation to illustrate how saturation is contingent on local catchment conditions, competitive interactions and the particular geography of retail brands and formats. Although a significant slowdown in new store construction may be a logical response at the level of the industry, this may not necessarily be the case for individual retail firms
Decay constants of $P$-wave mesons

Decay constants of $P$-wave mesons are computed in the framework of
instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method (Salpeter method). By analyzing the parity
and possible charge conjugation parity, we give the relativistic configurations
of wave functions with definite parity and possible charge conjugation parity.
With these wave functions as input, the full Salpeter equations for different
$P$-wave states are solved, and the mass spectra as well as the numerical
values of wave functions are obtained. Finally we compute the leptonic decay
constants of heavy-heavy and heavy-light $^3P_0$, $^3P_1$ and $^1P_1$ states.Comment: 11 pages,5 tables,version to be published in Phys. Lett.
Affine extensions of non-crystallographic Coxeter groups induced by projection.

In this paper, we show that affine extensions of non-crystallographic Coxeter groups can be derived via Coxeter-Dynkin diagram foldings and projections of affine extended versions of the root systems E 8, D 6, and A 4. We show that the induced affine extensions of the non-crystallographic groups H 4, H 3, and H 2 correspond to a distinguished subset of those considered in [P.-P. Dechant, C. Bœhm, and R. Twarock, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.45, 285202 (2012)]. This class of extensions was motivated by physical applications in icosahedral systems in biology (viruses), physics (quasicrystals), and chemistry (fullerenes). By connecting these here to extensions of E 8, D 6, and A 4, we place them into the broader context of crystallographic lattices such as E 8, suggesting their potential for applications in high energy physics, integrable systems, and modular form theory. By inverting the projection, we make the case for admitting different number fields in the Cartan matrix, which could open up enticing possibilities in hyperbolic geometry and rational conformal field theory
Szego asymptotics for matrix-valued measures with countably many bound
  states

Let $\mu$ be a matrix-valued measure with the essential spectrum a single
interval and countably many point masses outside of it. Under the assumption
that the absolutely continuous part of $\mu$ satisfies Szego's condition and
the point masses satisfy a Blaschke-type condition, we obtain the asymptotic
behavior of the orthonormal polynomials on and off the support of the measure.
  The result generalizes the scalar analogue of Peherstorfer-Yuditskii and the
matrix-valued result of Aptekarev-Nikishin, which handles only a finite number
of mass points
"Kerrr" black hole: the Lord of the String

Kerrr in the title is not a typo. The third "r" stands for "regular", in the
sense of pathology-free, rotating black hole. We exhibit a long search-for,
exact, Kerr-like, solution of the Einstein equations with novel features: i) no
curvature ring singularity; ii) no "anti-gravity" universe with causality
violating timelike closed world-lines; iii) no "super-luminal" matter disk. The
ring singularity is replaced by a classical, circular, rotating string with
Planck tension representing the inner engine driving the rotation of all the
surrounding matter. The resulting geometry is regular and smoothly interpolates
among inner Minkowski space, borderline deSitter and outer Kerr universe. The
key ingredient to cure all unphysical features of the ordinary Kerr black hole
is the choice of a "noncommutative geometry inspired" matter source as the
input for the Einstein equations, in analogy with spherically symmetric black
holes described in earlier works.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures. Paper accepted for publication in PLB