pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Constructing warm inflationary model in brane–antibrane system

Recently, various observational data predicted a possibility that inflation may naturally occur in a warm region. In this scenario, radiation is produced during the inflation epoch and reheating is avoided. The main question arises as to what is the origin of warm inflation in 4D universe? We answer this question in brane–antibrane system. We propose a model that allows all cosmological parameters like the scale factor a, the Hubble parameter H and phantom energy density depend on the equation of state parameter in transverse dimension between two branes. Thus, an enhancement in these parameters can be a signature of some evolutions in extra dimension. In our model, the expansion of 4D universe is controlled by the separation distance between branes and evolves from non-phantom phase to phantom one. Consequently, phantom-dominated era of the universe accelerates and ends up in big-rip singularity. Also, we show that as the tachyon potential increases, the effect of interaction between branes on the 4D universe expansion becomes systematically more effective, because at higher energies there exist more channels for flowing energy from extra dimension to other four dimensions. Finally, we test our model against WMAP and Planck data and obtain the ripping time. According to experimental data, <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>50</mn></math> case leads to <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≃</mo><mn>0.96</mn></math> , where N and <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math> are the number e-folds and the spectral index respectively. This standard case may be found in <math altimg="si4.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>0.01</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext><ce:italic>Tensor–scalar</ce:italic></mtext></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.22</mn></math> , where <math altimg="si5.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext><ce:italic>Tensor–scalar</ce:italic></mtext></mrow></msub></math> is the tensor–scalar ratio. At this point, the finite time at which Big Rip singularity occurs is <math altimg="si6.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">rip</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>33</mn><mtext> </mtext><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mtext>Gyr</mtext><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>
Evidence for non-exponential elastic proton–proton differential cross-section at low |t| and s=8TeV by TOTEM

The TOTEM experiment has made a precise measurement of the elastic proton–proton differential cross-section at the centre-of-mass energy s=8 TeV based on a high-statistics data sample obtained with the β⁎=90 m optics. Both the statistical and systematic uncertainties remain below 1%, except for the t -independent contribution from the overall normalisation. This unprecedented precision allows to exclude a purely exponential differential cross-section in the range of four-momentum transfer squared 0.027<|t|<0.2 GeV2 with a significance greater than 7 σ . Two extended parametrisations, with quadratic and cubic polynomials in the exponent, are shown to be well compatible with the data. Using them for the differential cross-section extrapolation to t=0 , and further applying the optical theorem, yields total cross-section estimates of (101.5±2.1) mb and (101.9±2.1) mb , respectively, in agreement with previous TOTEM measurements
Transplanckian axions!?

We discuss quantum gravitational effects in Einstein theory coupled to periodic axion scalars to analyze the viability of several proposals to achieve superplanckian axion periods (aka decay constants) and their possible application to large field inflation models. The effects we study correspond to the nucleation of euclidean gravitational instantons charged under the axion, and our results are essentially compatible with (but independent of) the Weak Gravity Conjecture, as follows: single axion theories with superplanckian periods contain gravitational instantons inducing sizable higher harmonics in the axion potential, which spoil superplanckian inflaton field range. A similar result holds for multi-axion models with lattice alignment (like the Kim-Nilles-Peloso model). Finally, theories with N axions can still achieve a moderately superplanckian periodicity (by a N $$ \sqrt{N} $$ factor) with no higher harmonics in the axion potential. The Weak Gravity Conjecture fails to hold in this case due to the absence of some instantons, which are forbidden by a discrete Z N gauge symmetry. Finally we discuss the realization of these instantons as euclidean D-branes in string compactifications
Implications of μ - τ flavored CP symmetry of leptons

We discuss gauge models incorporating μ-τ flavored CP symmetry (called CP μτ in the text) in combination with L μ − L τ invariance to understand neutrino mixings and discuss their phenomenological implications. We show that viable leptogenesis in this setting requires that the lightest right-handed neutrino mass must be between 10 9 -10 12 GeV and for effective two hierarchical right-handed neutrinos, leptogenesis takes place only in a narrower range of 5 × 10 10 -10 12 GeV. A multi-Higgs realization of this idea implies that there must be a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with mass less than 300 GeV. Generically, the vev alignment problem can be naturally avoided in our setting
Recalescence after solidification in Ge films melted by picosecond laser pulses

3 pages, 3 figures.Thin amorphous Ge films on glass substrates are irradiated by single picosecond ~ps! laser pulses\ud
and the induced melting and solidification process is followed by means of real-time reflectivity\ud
measurements with ps resolution using a setup based on a streak camera. Due to the excellent time\ud
resolution achieved in single exposure, the recalescence process occurring upon solidification can be\ud
completely resolved by means of an all-optical technique. The results are consistent with the bulk\ud
nucleation of the amorphous phase in the supercooled liquid at an extremely large nucleation rate.\ud
The massive release of solidification heat causes the reheating and partial remelting of the film after\ud
its complete solidification. The occurrence of recalescence after solidification is responsible for the\ud
formation of the crystalline phase finally obtained.This work has been partially supported by CICYT\ud
(Spain) under Project No. TIC93-0125. One of the authors\ud
(J.S.) acknowledges with pleasure the funding of the European\ud
Community through a Marie Curie Fellowship\ud
(ERB40001GT954352) within the TMR Program.Peer reviewe
Systems biology and systems chemistry: new directions for drug discovery.

Improvements in drug design have historically been centered around structure-based optimization of molecule specificity for a targeted protein, in an effort to reduce unintentional binding to other proteins and off-target effects. Although the "one-to-one" drug design strategy has been successful in impairing function of targets associated with a number of diseases, recent reports of drug promiscuity, which are a potential source of adverse reactions in patients, make a case to refine the drug design strategy such that it includes an awareness of multiple interactions from both ligand and protein perspectives. Polypharmacology and chemical biology studies are amassing interaction data at rapid rates, and the integration of such data into an interpretable model requires zooming our perspective out from the single ligand-target level to the larger network-wide level. We review some of the recent developments in systems-level research for drug design and discovery, and discuss the directions that some drug design efforts are heading toward
The RING network: improvements to a GPS velocity field in the central Mediterranean

Since 2004, a continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) network has been
operated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) to
investigate active tectonic processes in Italy and the surrounding regions,
which are still largely debated. This important infrastructure is known as
Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS (RING) network, and it consists of about 130
stations that are deployed all over Italy. The development and realization of
a stable GPS monumentation, its integration with seismological instruments,
and the choice of both satellite and internet data transmission, make this
network one of the most innovative and reliable CGPS networks in the
world. The technologically advanced development of the RING network has
been accompanied by the development of different data processing strategies,
which are mainly dependent on the use of different GPS analysis software.
The different software-related solutions are here compared at different scales
for this large network, and the consistency is evaluated and quantified within
an RMS value of 0.3 mm/yr
Children's Use of Interventions to Learn Causal Structure

Children aged between 5 and 8 years freely intervened on a three-variable causal system,\ud
with their task being to discover whether it was a common-cause structure or one of two\ud
causal chains. From 6-7 years, children were able to use information from their\ud
interventions to correctly disambiguate the structure of a causal chain. We used a\ud
Bayesian model to examine children’s interventions on the system; this showed that with\ud
development children became more efficient in producing the interventions needed to\ud
disambiguate the causal structure and that the quality of interventions, as measured by\ud
their informativeness, improved developmentally. The latter measure was a significant\ud
predictor of children’s correct inferences about the causal structure. A second experiment\ud
showed that levels of performance were not reduced in a task in which children did not\ud
select and carry out interventions themselves, indicating no advantage for self-directed\ud
learning. However, children’s performance was not related to intervention quality in these\ud
circumstances, suggesting that children learn in a different way when they carry out\ud
interventions themselves.Peer-reviewedPublished version (Publisher PDF
Analysis of indoor climate and occupants' behaviour in traditional Scottish dwellings.

Due to the relevance of the internal boundary conditions and the lack of specific data for the Scottish context, an exploration of the internal environment of traditional dwellings is needed. In this study the indoor climate of 24 properties with different levels of insulation and air-tightness was analysed using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. Temperature and relative humidity were recorded at 15 minutes intervals in two rooms per property. The analysis was complemented with semi-structured interviews with the occupants. Based on temperature and relative humidity, the moisture loads were calculated. Results in non- insulated properties showed indoor temperatures lower than the minimum level of thermal comfort, especially in winter, and high values of relative humidity during the warm season. The humidity levels in upgraded buildings are consistently lower despite the greater variability found in the internal temperatures
750 GeV Resonance in the Dark Left-Right Model

We explain the $750$ GeV diphoton resonance in the context of the dark
left-right symmetric model. A global symmetry in this model, stabilizes the
dark matter and ensures that the scalar couples dominantly to gluons and
photons. The branching fraction of the scalar to diphoton is large as a
consequence of the symmetries of the theory. The benchmark values assumed to
fit the diphoton signal also give the correct relic density of dark matter and
muon $(g-2)$. A specific prediction of this model is that the dark matter has a
mass of 200 GeV.Comment: 11 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures, references added; version accepted for
  publication in Physics Letters
Exploring plant growth-promotion actinomycetes\ud
from vermicompost and rhizosphere soil for yield\ud
enhancement in chickpea

The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize actinomycetes for their plant growth-promotion in chickpea. A total of 89 actinomycetes were screened for their antagonism against fungal pathogens of chickpea by dual culture and metabolite production assays. Four most promising actinomycetes were evaluated for their physiological and plant growth-promotion properties under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All the isolates exhibited good growth at temperatures from 20 °C to 40 °C, pH range of 7–11 and NaCl concentrations up to 8%. These were also found highly tolerant to Bavistin, slightly tolerant to Thiram and Captan (except VAI-7 and VAI-40) but susceptible to Benlate and Ridomil at field application levels and were found to produce siderophore, cellulase, lipase, protease, chitinase (except VAI-40), hydrocyanic acid (except VAI-7 and VAI-40), indole acetic acid and β-1,3-glucanase. When the four actinomycetes were evaluated for their plant growth-promotion properties under field conditions on chickpea, all exhibited increase in nodule number, shoot weight and yield. The actinomycetes treated plots enhanced total N, available P and organic C over the un-inoculated control. The scanning electron microscope studies exhibited extensive colonization by actinomycetes on the root surface of chickpea. The expression profiles for indole acetic acid, siderophore and β-1,3-glucanase genes exhibited up-regulation for all three traits and in all four isolates. The actinomycetes were identified as Streptomyces but different species in the 16S rDNA analysis. It was concluded that the selected actinomycetes have good plant growth-promotion and biocontrol potentials on chickpea
Polymorphisms near TBX5 and GDF7 are associated with increased risk for Barrett's esophagus

Background & Aims Barrett's esophagus (BE) increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We found the risk to be BE has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21 (within the HLA region) and on 16q23, where the closest protein-coding gene is FOXF1. Subsequently, the Barrett's and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium (BEACON) identified risk loci for BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma near CRTC1 and BARX1, and within 100 kb of FOXP1. We aimed to identify further SNPs that increased BE risk and to validate previously reported associations. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with BE and further analyzed promising variants identified by BEACON by genotyping 10,158 patients with BE and 21,062 controls. Results We identified 2 SNPs not previously associated with BE: rs3072 (2p24.1; odds ratio [OR] = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.09-1.18; P = 1.8 × 10-11) and rs2701108 (12q24.21; OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P = 7.5 × 10-9). The closest protein-coding genes were respectively GDF7 (rs3072), which encodes a ligand in the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, and TBX5 (rs2701108), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates esophageal and cardiac development. Our data also supported in BE cases 3 risk SNPs identified by BEACON (rs2687201, rs11789015, and rs10423674). Meta-analysis of all data identified another SNP associated with BE and esophageal adenocarcinoma: rs3784262, within ALDH1A2 (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.87-0.93; P = 3.72 × 10-9). Conclusions We identified 2 loci associated with risk of BE and provided data to support a further locus. The genes we found to be associated with risk for BE encode transcription factors involved in thoracic, diaphragmatic, and esophageal development or proteins involved in the inflammatory response
Uniqueness Results for Nonlocal Hamilton-Jacobi Equations

International audienceWe are interested in nonlocal Eikonal Equations describing the evolution of interfaces moving with a nonlocal, non monotone velocity. For these equations, only the existence of global-in-time weak solutions is available in some particular cases. In this paper, we propose a new approach for proving uniqueness of the solution when the front is expanding. This approach simplifies and extends existing results for dislocation dynamics. It also provides the first uniqueness result for a Fitzhugh-Nagumo system. The key ingredients are some new perimeter estimates for the evolving fronts as well as some uniform interior cone property for these fronts
Structure of superoxide reductase bound to ferrocyanide and active site expansion upon X-ray-induced photo-reduction.

International audienceSome sulfate-reducing and microaerophilic bacteria rely on the enzyme superoxide reductase (SOR) to eliminate the toxic superoxide anion radical (O2*-). SOR catalyses the one-electron reduction of O2*- to hydrogen peroxide at a nonheme ferrous iron center. The structures of Desulfoarculus baarsii SOR (mutant E47A) alone and in complex with ferrocyanide were solved to 1.15 and 1.7 A resolution, respectively. The latter structure, the first ever reported of a complex between ferrocyanide and a protein, reveals that this organo-metallic compound entirely plugs the SOR active site, coordinating the active iron through a bent cyano bridge. The subtle structural differences between the mixed-valence and the fully reduced SOR-ferrocyanide adducts were investigated by taking advantage of the photoelectrons induced by X-rays. The results reveal that photo-reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II) of the iron center, a very rapid process under a powerful synchrotron beam, induces an expansion of the SOR active site
Reconstructing the density and temperature structure of prestellar cores from Herschel data: A case study for B68 and L1689B

International audienceUtilizing multiwavelength dust emission maps acquired with Herschel, we          reconstruct local volume density and dust temperature profiles for the prestellar cores          B68 and L1689B using an inverse-Abel transform-based technique. We present intrinsic          radial dust temperature profiles of starless cores directly from dust continuum emission          maps disentangling the effect of temperature variations along the line of sight, which          were previously limited to the radiative transfer calculations. The reconstructed dust          temperature profiles show a significant drop in the core center, a flat inner part, and a          rising outward trend until the background cloud temperature is reached. The central          beam-averaged dust temperatures obtained for B68 and L1689B are 9.3 ± 0.5 K and 9.8 ± 0.5 K, respectively, which are lower          than the temperatures of 11.3 K and 11.6 K obtained from direct SED fitting. The best mass          estimates derived by integrating the volume density profiles of B68 and L1689B are 1.6            M⊙ and 11 M⊙,          respectively. Comparing our results for B68 with the near-infrared extinction studies, we          find that the dust opacity law adopted by the HGBS project, κλ = 0.1 × (λ/300 μm)-2                            cm2            g-1 agrees to          within 50% with the dust extinction constraints
Indigenous yeast communities in the environment of ‘‘Rovello bianco’’ grape variety and their use in commercial white wine fermentation

The indigenous yeast communities associated with several vineyard habitats were analysed. Wild yeasts were isolated, differentiated at strain level and identified.\ud
A phylogenetic tree based on partial 26S rRNA genes was constructed. The strains were characterized and the indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae GR1 was then used to carry out a vinification process and compared with a commercial yeast. Wines obtained were subjected to chemical and sensory analysis. The comparison between the two products highlighted differences due to the fermenting strains employed. The vineyard environment was found to strongly influence the composition of yeast communities, thus, confirming the theory of ‘terroir’ on the expression of wines. Moreover, vineyard inhabiting birds were in part responsible for the dissemination of fermentative yeasts during their feeding activities
High performance fiber reinforced concrete for the shear reinforcement: experimental and numerical research

High performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) is developing rapidly to a modern structural material with
unique rheological and mechanical characteristics. Despite applying several methodologies to achieve self15
compacting requirements, some doubts still remain regarding the most convenient strategy for developing a
HPFRC. In the present study, an innovative mix design method is proposed for the development of high17
performance concrete reinforced with a relatively high dosage of steel fibers. The material properties of the
developed concrete are assessed, and the concrete structural behavior is characterized under compressive,
flexural and shear loading. This study better clarifies the significant contribution of fibers for shear resistance of
concrete elements.
This paper further discusses a FEM-based simulation, aiming to address the possibility of calibrating the
constitutive model parameters related to fracture modes I and II.The research in this paper is part of the project "DURCOST - Innovation in reinforcing systems for sustainable pre-fabricated structures of higher durability and enhanced structural performance" with reference number of PTDC/ECM/105700/2008, supported by FCT. The authors also thank the collaboration of the following companies: Casais to manufacture the moulds, Ibermetais for supplying the steel fibres, Secil/Unibetao for providing the Cement, BASF for supplying the superplasticizers. The first author acknowledges the research grant in the ambit of this project
Particle acceleration by fluctuating electric \ud
fields at a magnetic field null point

Particle acceleration consequences from fluctuating electric ields superposed on an X-type magnetic field in collisionless solar plasma are studied.\ud
Such a system is chosen to mimic generic features of dynamic reconnection, or the reconnective dissipation of a linear disturbance.\ud
Explore numerically the consequences for charged particle distributions of fluctuating electric ields superposed on an X-type magnetic field.\ud
Particle distributions are obtained by numerically integrating individual charged particle orbits \ud
when a time varying electric field is superimposed on a static X-type neutral point. This configuration represents the effects of the passage of a generic MHD disturbance through such a system. \ud
Different frequencies of the electric field are\ud
used, representing different possible types of wave. The electric field reduces with increasing distance from the X-type neutral point as in linear dynamic magnetic reconnection.\ud
   The resulting particle distributions have properties that depend on the amplitude and frequency of the electric field. In many cases a bimodal form is found. Depending on the timescale for variation of the electric field, electrons and ions may be accelerated to different degrees and often have energy distributions of different forms. Protons are accelerated to gamma-ray producing energies and electrons to and above hard X-ray producing energies in timescales of 1 second. The acceleration mechanism is possibly important for solar flares and solar noise storms but is also applicable to all collisionless plasmas