pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Natural $X$-ray Lines from the Low Scale Supersymmetry Breaking

In the supersymmetric models with low scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking
where the gravitino mass is around keV, we show that the 3.5 keV $X-$ray lines
can be explained naturally through several different mechanisms: (I) A keV
scale dark gaugino plays the role of sterile neutrino in the presence of
bilinear $R-$partiy violation. Because the light dark gaugino obtains Majorana
mass only via gravity mediation, it is a decaying warm dark matter (DM)
candidate; (II) Compressed cold DM states, whose mass degeneracy is broken by
gavity mediated SUSY breaking, emit such a line via the heavier one decay into
the lighter one plus photon(s). A highly supersymmetric dark sector may readily
provide such kind of system; (III) Light axino, whose mass again is around the
gravitino mass, decays to neutrino plus gamma in the $R-$partiy violating SUSY.
Moreover, we comment on dark radiation from dark gaugino.Comment: Journal versio
Search for TeV Gamma-ray Emission from GRB 100621A, an extremely bright
  GRB in X-rays, with H.E.S.S

The long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 100621A, at the time the brightest X-ray
transient ever detected by Swift-XRT in the $0.3\textrm{--}10$ keV range, has
been observed with the H.E.S.S. imaging air Cherenkov telescope array,
sensitive to gamma radiation in the very-high-energy (VHE, $>100$ GeV) regime.
Due to its relatively small redshift of $z\sim0.5$, the favourable position in
the southern sky and the relatively short follow-up time ($<700 \rm{s}$ after
the satellite trigger) of the H.E.S.S. observations, this GRB could be within
the sensitivity reach of the H.E.S.S. instrument. The analysis of the H.E.S.S.
data shows no indication of emission and yields an integral flux upper limit
above $\sim$380 GeV of $4.2\times10^{-12} \rm cm^{-2}s^{-1}$ (95 % confidence
level), assuming a simple Band function extension model. A comparison to a
spectral-temporal model, normalised to the prompt flux at sub-MeV energies,
constraints the existence of a temporally extended and strong additional hard
power law, as has been observed in the other bright X-ray GRB 130427A. A
comparison between the H.E.S.S. upper limit and the contemporaneous energy
output in X-rays constrains the ratio between the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray
fluxes to be greater than 0.4. This value is an important quantity for
modelling the afterglow and can constrain leptonic emission scenarios, where
leptons are responsible for the X-ray emission and might produce VHE gamma
rays.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. Published in A&
WASP-94 A and B planets: hot-Jupiter cousins in a twin-star system

We report the discovery of two hot-Jupiter planets, each orbiting one of the
stars of a wide binary system. WASP-94A (2MASS 20550794-3408079) is an F8 type
star hosting a transiting planet with a radius of 1.72 +/- 0.06 R_Jup, a mass
of 0.452 +/- 0.034 M_Jup, and an orbital period of 3.95 days. The
Rossiter-McLaughlin effect is clearly detected, and the measured projected
spin-orbit angle indicates that the planet occupies a retrograde orbit.
WASP-94B (2MASS 20550915-3408078) is an F9 stellar companion at an angular
separation of 15" (projected separation 2700 au), hosting a gas giant with a
minimum mass of 0.618 +/- 0.028 M_Jup with a period of 2.008 days, detected by
Doppler measurements. The orbital planes of the two planets are inclined
relative to each other, indicating that at least one of them is inclined
relative to the plane of the stellar binary. These hot Jupiters in a binary
system bring new insights into the formation of close-in giant planets and the
role of stellar multiplicity.Comment: 5 page
Nonperturbative dispersive sector in strong (quasi-)Abelian fields

In strong (quasi-)Abelian fields, even at the one-loop level of the coupling
constant, quantum fluctuations of fermions induce an effective Lagrangian
density whose imaginary (absorptive) part is purely nonperturbative and known
to be responsible for the fermion-antifermion pair creation. On the other hand,
the induced real (dispersive) part has perturbative and nonperturbative
contributions. In the one-loop case, we argue how to separate the two
contributions from each other for any strength of the field. We show
numerically that the nonperturbative contributions are in general comparable
with or larger than the induced perturbative ones. We arrive at qualitatively
similar conclusions also for the induced energy density. Further, we
investigate numerically the quasianalytic continuation of the perturbative
results into the nonperturbative sector, by employing (modified) Borel-Pade. It
turns out that in the case at hand, we have to integrate over renormalon
singularities, but there is no renormalon ambiguity involved.Comment: 25 pages, 15 eps-figures, revtex; improved presentation, results
  unchanged; to appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.
Logarithmic corrections to scaling in the two dimensional XY-model

By expressing thermodynamic functions in terms of the edge and density of Lee--Yang zeroes, we relate the scaling behaviour of the specific heat to that of the zero field magnetic susceptibility in the thermodynamic limit of the XY--model in two dimensions. Assuming that finite--size scaling holds, we show that the conventional Kosterlitz--Thouless scaling predictions for these thermodynamic functions are not mutually compatable unless they are modified by multiplicative logarithmic corrections. We identify these logarithmic corrections analytically in the case of the specific heat and numerically in the case of the susceptibility. The techniques presented here are general and can be used to check the compatibility of scaling behaviour of odd and even thermodynamic functions in other models too
Rapidity-Alignment and $mrm{p}_T$ Compensation of Particle Pairs in Hadronic $Z^0$ Decays

Observation is made of rapidity-alignment of \KK and \pp pairs which results from their asymmetric orientation in rapidity, with respect to the direction from primary quark to antiquark. The \KK and \pp data are consistent with predictions from the fragmentation string model. However, the \pp data strongly disagree with the conventional implementation of the cluster model. The non-perturbative process of `gluon splitting to diquarks' has to be incorporated into the cluster model for it to agree with the data. Local conservation of \pT between particles nearby in rapidity (i.e., \pT compensation) is analysed with respect to the thrust direction for \pipix, \KKx, and \pp pairs. In this case, the string model provides fair agreement with the data. The cluster model is incompatible with the data for all three particle pairs. The model with its central premiss of isotropically-decaying clusters predicts a \pT correlation not seen in the data
The velocities of light in modified QED vacua

QED vacua under the influence of external conditions (background fields,
finite temperature, boundary conditions) can be considered as dispersive media
whose complex behaviour can no longer be described in terms of a single
universal vacuum velocity of light c. Beginning in the early 1950's (J.S.
Toll), quantum field theoretic investigations have led to considerable insight
into the relation between the vacuum structure and the propagation of light.
Recent years have witnessed a significant growth of activity in this field of
research. After a short overview, two characteristic situations are discussed:
the propagation of light in a constant homogeneous magnetic field and in a
Casimir vacuum. The latter appears to be particularly interesting because the
Casimir vacuum has been found to exhibit modes of the propagation of light with
phase and group velocities larger than c in the low frequency domain omega<<m
where m is the electron mass. The impact of this result on the front velocity
of light in a Casimir vacuum is discussed by means of the Kramers-Kronig
relation.Comment: 7 pages Revtex, 5 LaTeX generated figures, file uses axodraw.sty,
  epic.sty; talk delivered at the workshop ``Superluminal(?) Velocities'',
  Cologne, July 7-10, 1998, submitted to the Proceedings to appear as a special
  issue of the Annalen der Physik (v2: typos in the references corrected, minor
  stylistic changes
Isomorphism property in nonstandard extensions of ZFC universe

We study models of HST, a nonstandard set theory which includes, in
particular, the ZFC Replacement and Separation schemata in the language
containing the membership and standardness predicates, and Saturation for
well-orderable families of internal sets.
  This theory admits an adequate formulation of the isomorphism property IP:
"any two elementarily equivalent internally presented structures of a
wellorderable language are isomorphic."
  IP implies, for instance, that all infinite internal sets are equinumerous,
and there exists a unique (modulo isomorphisms) internal elementary extension
of the standard reals.
  We prove that IP is independent of HST (using the class of all sets
constructible from internal sets) and consistent with HST (using generic
extensions of $\HST$ models by a sufficient number of generic isomorphisms)
Langerin+ Dermal DC, but not Langerhans cells, are required for effective CD8 mediated immune responses after skin scarification with Vaccinia Virus (VACV)

Skin scarification (s.s.) with Vaccinia virus (VACV) is essential for generation of an optimal protective T cell memory immune response. Dendritic Cells (DC), which are professional antigen presenting cells, are required for naïve T cell priming and activation. At least three subsets of skin resident DC have been identified: Langerhans Cells (LC), Dermal Langerin+ DC (Lang+dDC) and Dermal Langerin− DC (Lang−dDC). Using Langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor mice and established mouse model of VACV delivered by s.s., we demonstrated that Lang+dDC, but not LC, are absolutely required for the induction of a rapid and robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response after s.s. with VACV. The depletion of Lang+dDC led to a significant delay in the priming and proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover CD8+ T cells generated after VACV s.s. in the absence of Lang+dDC lacked effector cytotoxic functions both in vitro and in vivo. While s.s.-immunized WT and LC depleted mice controlled the progression of OVA257–264 expressing T cell lymphoma EG7 (injected intradermally), the depletion of Lang+dDC led to rapid lymphoma progression and mortality. These data indicate that of all skin DC subsets, Lang+dDC the most critical for the generation of robust CD8+ T cell immunity after s.s. with VACV
The DDI corpus: An annotated corpus with pharmacological substances and drug-drug interactions

The management of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is a critical issue resulting from the overwhelming amount of information available on them. Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques can provide an interesting way to reduce the time spent by healthcare professionals on reviewing biomedical literature. However, NLP techniques rely mostly on the availability of the annotated corpora. While there are several annotated corpora with biological entities and their relationships, there is a lack of corpora annotated with pharmacological substances and DDIs. Moreover, other works in this field have focused in pharmacokinetic (PK) DDIs only, but not in pharmacodynamic (PD) DDIs. To address this problem, we have created a manually annotated corpus consisting of 792 texts selected from the DrugBank database and other 233 Medline abstracts. This fined-grained corpus has been annotated with a total of 18,502 pharmacological substances and 5028 DDIs, including both PK as well as PD interactions. The quality and consistency of the annotation process has been ensured through the creation of annotation guidelines and has been evaluated by the measurement of the inter-annotator agreement between two annotators. The agreement was almost perfect (Kappa up to 0.96 and generally over 0.80), except for the DDIs in the MedLine database (0.55-0.72). The DDI corpus has been used in the SemEvaI 2013 DDIExtraction challenge as a gold standard for the evaluation of information extraction techniques applied to the recognition of pharmacological substances and the detection of DDIs from biomedical texts. DDIExtraction 2013 has attracted wide attention with a total of 14 teams from 7 different countries. For the task of recognition and classification of pharmacological names, the best system achieved an F1 of 71.5%, while, for the detection and classification of DDIs, the best result was F1 of 65.1%.Funding: This work was supported by the EU project TrendMiner
[FP7-ICT287863], by the project MULTIMEDICA [TIN2010-
20644-C03-01], and by the Research Network MA2VICMR
[S2009/TIC-1542].Publicad
Scintillating bolometers based on ZnMoO$_4$ and Zn$^{100}$MoO$_4$
  crystals to search for 0$\nu$2$\beta$ decay of $^{100}$Mo (LUMINEU project):
  first tests at the Modane Underground Laboratory

The technology of scintillating bolometers based on zinc molybdate
(ZnMoO$_4$) crystals is under development within the LUMINEU project to search
for 0$\nu$2$\beta$ decay of $^{100}$Mo with the goal to set the basis for large
scale experiments capable to explore the inverted hierarchy region of the
neutrino mass pattern. Advanced ZnMoO$_4$ crystal scintillators with mass of
$\sim$~0.3 kg were developed and Zn$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal from enriched
$^{100}$Mo was produced for the first time by using the low-thermal-gradient
Czochralski technique. One ZnMoO$_4$ scintillator and two samples (59 g and 63
g) cut from the enriched boule were tested aboveground at milli-Kelvin
temperature as scintillating bolometers showing a high detection performance.
The first results of the low background measurements with three ZnMoO$_4$ and
two enriched detectors installed in the EDELWEISS set-up at the Modane
Underground Laboratory (France) are presented.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of the 37th
  International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia,
  Spain, 2-9 July 201
Multivariate and functional classification using depth and distance

We construct classifiers for multivariate and functional data. Our approach
is based on a kind of distance between data points and classes. The distance
measure needs to be robust to outliers and invariant to linear transformations
of the data. For this purpose we can use the bagdistance which is based on
halfspace depth. It satisfies most of the properties of a norm but is able to
reflect asymmetry when the class is skewed. Alternatively we can compute a
measure of outlyingness based on the skew-adjusted projection depth. In either
case we propose the DistSpace transform which maps each data point to the
vector of its distances to all classes, followed by k-nearest neighbor (kNN)
classification of the transformed data points. This combines invariance and
robustness with the simplicity and wide applicability of kNN. The proposal is
compared with other methods in experiments with real and simulated data
WASP-103 b : a new planet at the edge of tidal disruption

Funding for WASP comes from consortium universities and from UK’s Science and Technology Facilities Council. TRAPPIST is a project funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, F.R.S-FNRS) under grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Fundation (SNF). M. Gillon and E. Jehin are FNRS Research Associates. V. Van Grootel is a FNRS postdoctoral researcher. L. Delrez thanks the Belgian FNRS for funding her Ph.D. thesis. A. H. M. J. Triaud is Swiss National Science Foundation fellow under grant PBGEP2-145594.We report the discovery of WASP-103 b, a new ultra-short-period planet (P = 22.2 h) transiting a 12.1 V-magnitude F8-type main-sequence star (1.22 ± 0.04 M⊙, 1.44-0.03+0.05 R⊙, Teff = 6110 ± 160 K). WASP-103 b is significantly more massive (1.49 ± 0.09 MJup) and larger (1.53-0.07+0.05 RJup) than Jupiter. Its large size and extreme irradiation (~ 9 × 109 erg s-1 cm-2) make it an exquisite target for a thorough atmospheric characterization with existing facilities. Furthermore, its orbital distance is less than 20% larger than its Roche radius, meaning that it might be significantly distorted by tides and might experience mass loss through Roche-lobe overflow. It thus represents a new key object for understanding the last stage of the tidal evolution of hot Jupiters.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Unbroken SU(2) at a 100 TeV collider

A future 100 TeV pp collider will explore energies much higher than the scale of electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking. In this paper we study some of the phenomenological consequences of this fact, concentrating on enhanced bremsstrahlung of EW gauge bosons. We survey a handful of possible new physics experimental searches one can pursue at a 100 TeV collider using this phenomenon. The most dramatic effect is the non-negligible radiation of EW gauge bosons from neutrinos, making them partly visible objects. The presence of collinear EW radiation allows for the full reconstruction of neutrinos under certain circumstances. We also show that the presence of EW radiation allows one to distinguish the SU(2) quantum numbers of various new physics particles. We consider examples of two completely different new physics paradigms, additional gauge groups and SUSY, where the bremsstrahlung radiation of W and Z from W ′ s, Z ′ s or stops allows one to determine the couplings and the mixing angles of the new particles (respectively). Finally, we show how the emission of W s and Z s from high p T Higgs bosons can be used to test the couplings of new physics to the Higgs boson
QCD θ -vacua from the chiral limit to the quenched limit

We investigate the dependence of the QCD vacuum structure on the θ -angle and quark mass, using the Di-Vecchia–Veneziano model. Although the Di-Vecchia–Veneziano model is a chiral effective model, it contains the topological properties of the pure Yang–Mills theory. It is shown that within this model, the ground state energies for all θ are continuous functions of quark mass from the chiral limit to the quenched limit, even including the first order phase transition at θ=π . Based on this effective model, we discuss (i) how the ground state depends on quark mass, and (ii) why the phase transition at θ=π is present in both the chiral and the quenched limit. In order to analyze the relation between quark mass and the θ -vacua, we calculate the chiral condensate as a function of quark mass. Also, considering the presence of the innate metastable states included in the QCD θ -vacuum, we also give a unified understanding of the phase transitions at θ=π in the chiral and quenched limit
Nonthermal two component dark matter model for Fermi-LAT γ -ray excess and 3.55 keV X-ray line

A two component model of nonthermal dark matter is formulated to simultaneously explain the Fermi-LAT results indicating a γ -ray excess observed from our Galactic Centre in the 1–3 GeV energy range and the detection of an X-ray line at 3.55 keV from extragalactic sources. Two additional Standard Model singlet scalar fields S 2 and S 3 are introduced. These fields couple among themselves and with the Standard Model Higgs doublet H . The interaction terms among the scalar fields, namely H , S 2 and S 3 , are constrained by the application of a discrete ℤ 2  × ℤ 2 ′ symmetry which breaks softly to a remnant ℤ 2 ′ ′ symmetry. This residual discrete symmetry is then spontaneously broken through an MeV order vacuum expectation value u of the singlet scalar field S 3 . The resultant physical scalar spectrum has the Standard Model like Higgs as χ 1 with M χ 1 ∼ 125 $$ {M}_{\chi_1}\sim 125 $$ GeV, a moderately heavy scalar χ 2 with 50 GeV ≤ M χ 2 ≤ 80 $$ {M}_{\chi_2}\le 80 $$ GeV and a light χ 3 with M χ 3 ∼ 7 $$ {M}_{\chi_3}\sim 7 $$ keV. There is only tiny mixing between χ 1 and χ 2 as well as between χ 1 and χ 3 . The lack of importance of domain wall formation in the present scenario from the spontaneous breaking of the discrete symmetry ℤ 2 ′ ′ , provided u ≤ 10 MeV, is pointed out. We find that our proposed two component dark matter model is able to explain successfully both the above mentioned phenomena — the Fermi-LAT observed γ -ray excess (from the χ 2 → b b ¯ $$ {\chi}_2\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ decay mode) and the observation of the X-ray line (from the decay channel χ 3 → γγ ) by the XMM-Newton observatory
The classical double copy for Taub–NUT spacetime

The double copy is a much-studied relationship between gauge theory and gravity amplitudes. Recently, this was generalised to an infinite family of classical solutions to Einstein's equations, namely stationary Kerr–Schild geometries. In this paper, we extend this to the Taub–NUT solution in gravity, which has a double Kerr–Schild form. The single copy of this solution is a dyon, whose electric and magnetic charges are related to the mass and NUT charge in the gravity theory. Finally, we find hints that the classical double copy extends to curved background geometries
Kink excitation spectra in the (1+1)-dimensional φ 8 model

We study excitation spectra of BPS-saturated topological solutions — the kinks — of the φ 8 scalar field model in (1 + 1) dimensions, for three different choices of the model parameters. We demonstrate that some of these kinks have a vibrational mode, apart from the trivial zero (translational) excitation. One of the considered kinks is shown to have three vibrational modes. We perform a numerical calculation of the kink-kink scattering in one of the considered variants of the φ 8 model, and find the critical collision velocity v cr that separates the different collision regimes: inelastic bounce of the kinks at v in ≥ v cr , and capture at v in < v cr . We also observe escape windows at some values of v in < v cr where the kinks escape to infinity after bouncing off each other two or more times. We analyse the features of these windows and discuss their relation to the resonant energy exchange between the translational and the vibrational excitations of the colliding kinks
Vacuum metastability with black holes

We consider the possibility that small black holes can act as nucleation seeds for the decay of a metastable vacuum, focussing particularly on the Higgs potential. Using a thin-wall bubble approximation for the nucleation process, which is possible when generic quantum gravity corrections are added to the Higgs potential, we show that primordial black holes can stimulate vacuum decay. We demonstrate that for suitable parameter ranges, the vacuum decay process dominates over the Hawking evaporation process. Finally, we comment on the application of these results to vacuum decay seeded by black holes produced in particle collisions
Centrality dependence of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions
  as a geometrical effect of core-corona superposition

It is shown that data on strange particle production as a function of
centrality in Au-Au collisions at \sqrt(s)_{NN}= 200 GeV can be explained with
a superposition of emission from a hadron gas at full chemical equilibrium
(core) and from nucleon-nucleon collisions at the boundary (corona) of the
overlapping region of the two colliding nuclei. This model nicely accounts for
the enhancement of phi meson and strange particle production as a function of
centrality observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions at that energy. The
enhancement is mainly a geometrical effect, that is the increasing weight of
the core with respect to corona for higher centrality, while strangeness
canonical suppression in the core seems to play a role only in very peripheral
collisions. This model, if confirmed at lower energy, would settle the
long-standing problem of strangeness under-saturation in relativistic heavy ion
collisions, parametrized by $\gs$. Furthermore, it would give a unique tool to
locate the onset of deconfinement in nuclear collisions both as a function of
energy and centrality if this is to be associated to the onset of the formation
of a fully equilibrated core