pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Seafloor seismicity, Antarctic ice-sounds, cetacean vocalizations and long-term ambient sound in the Indian Ocean basin

International audienceThis paper presents the results from the Deflo-hydroacoustic experiment in the Southern Indian Ocean using three autonomous underwater hydrophones, complemented by two permanent hydroacoustic stations. The array monitored for 14 months, from November 2006 to December 2007, a 3000 x 3000 km wide area, encompassing large segments of the three Indian spreading ridges that meet at the Indian Triple Junction. A catalogue of 11 105 acoustic events is derived from the recorded data, of which 55 per cent are located from three hydrophones, 38 per cent from 4, 6 per cent from five and less than 1 per cent by six hydrophones. From a comparison with land-based seismic catalogues, the smallest detected earthquakes are m(b) 2.6 in size, the range of recorded magnitudes is about twice that of land-based networks and the number of detected events is 5-16 times larger. Seismicity patterns vary between the three spreading ridges, with activity mainly focused on transform faults along the fast spreading Southeast Indian Ridge and more evenly distributed along spreading segments and transforms on the slow spreading Central and ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian ridges; the Central Indian Ridge is the most active of the three with an average of 1.9 events/100 km/month. Along the Sunda Trench, acoustic events mostly radiate from the inner wall of the trench and show a 200-km-long seismic gap between 2 degrees S and the Equator. The array also detected more than 3600 cryogenic events, with different seasonal trends observed for events from the Antarctic margin, compared to those from drifting icebergs at lower (up to 50 degrees S) latitudes. Vocalizations of five species and subspecies of large baleen whales were also observed and exhibit clear seasonal variability. On the three autonomous hydrophones, whale vocalizations dominate sound levels in the 20-30 and 100 Hz frequency bands, whereas earthquakes and ice tremor are a dominant source of ambient sound at frequencies < 20 Hz
High pressure behavior of CsC8 graphite intercalation compound

International audienceThe high pressure phase diagram of CsC8 graphite intercalated compound has been investigated at ambient temperature up to 32 GPa. Combining X-ray and neutron diffraction, Raman and X- ray absorption spectroscopies, we report for the first time that CsC8, when pressurized, undergoes phase transitions around 2.0, 4.8 and 8 GPa. Possible candidate lattice structures and the transition mechanism involved are proposed. We show that the observed transitions involve the structural re- arrangement in the Cs sub-network while the distance between the graphitic layers is continuously reduced at least up to 8.9 GPa. Around 8 GPa, important modifications of signatures of the electronic structure measured by Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies evidence the onset of a new transition
An asymmetry detected in the disk of Kappa CMa with the AMBER/VLTI

International audienceAims. We study the geometry and kinematics of the circumstellar environment of the Be star Kappa CMa in the Br gamma emission line and its nearby continuum. Methods. We use the VLTI/AMBER instrument operating in the K band which provides a spatial resolution of about 6 mas with a spectral resolution of 1500 to study the kinematics within the disk and to infer its rotation law. In order to obtain more kinematical constraints we also use an high spectral resolution Pa beta line profile obtain in December 2005 at the Observatorio do Pico do Dios, Brazil and we compile V/R line profile variations and spectral energy distribution data points from the literature. Results. Using differential visibilities and differential phases across the Br gamma line we detect an asymmetry in the disk. Moreover, we found that kappa CMa seems difficult to fit within the classical scenario for Be stars, illustrated recently by alpha Arae observations, i.e. a fast rotating B star close to its breakup velocity surrounded by a Keplerian circumstellar disk with an enhanced polar wind. Finally we discuss the possibility for kappa CMa to be a critical rotator with a Keplerian rotating disk and try to see if the detected asymmetry can be interpreted within the "one-armed" viscous disk framework
Multiscale contour description for pattern recognition

In this paper, we present a new method and its preliminary results within the context of pattern analysis and recognition. This method is based on the multiscale analysis of a curve and deals with the contour of planar objects. Our method uses a low-pass Gaussian kernel to gradually smooth the contour by decreasing the filter bandwidth. Applying gain control to the smoothed contour stretches it to the same scale as the original one so that both contours intersect. By varying the bandwidth and marking all the intersection points between the smoothed contour and the original one we can generate the intersection points map (IPM) function. The initial results obtained by applying this method to various contours appears to indicate that the IPM function has some very interesting properties within the context of pattern recognition. It is translation and rotation insensitive and also scale change resistant for a large range of scaling. The IPM function generated when applied to noisy contours shows that the method is resistant to noise for a range of noise energy. Applying the features extracted by this method to retrieve a pattern from a database confirms the efficiency of the method
Games on concept lattices: Shapley value and core

International audienceWe introduce cooperative TU-games on concept lattices, where a concept is a pair (S, S ′) with S being a subset of players or objects, and S ′ a subset of attributes. Any such game induces a game on the set of players/objects, which appears to be a TU-game whose collection of feasible coalitions is a lattice closed under intersection, and a game on the set of attributes. We propose a Shapley value for each type of game, axiomatize it, and investigate the geometrical properties of the core (non-emptiness, boundedness, pointedness, extremal rays). In particular, we derive the equivalence of the intent and extent core for the class of distributive concepts
The Border City in a Border Country: the Case of Skopje

International audienceSituated in one of the basins of the valley of Vardar, the city of Skopje unites two communities, Macedonians and Albanians, which have very marked differences but whose coexistence has shaped the most significant socio-political events of its history and has had a decisive impact on its development. According to the last population census and according to the territorial organization of the country in 2004, 66% of the population of Skopje was Macedonian and 20% Albanian. Creating a bilingual Skopje demanded that the city's borders be redrawn: two neighbouring villages were added to the capital in order to increase the Albanian population from 15% to more than 20% - which the Ohrid agreement posed as the condition for the recognition of a second official language in the capital. The prospective result is that the two communities are ever more called on to separate themselves: one sees here a phenomenon of dualization along the Vardar, between the "left bank" abandoned to Albanians and the "right bank" reserved by ethnic Macedonians. However, the rivalries not only separate groups and communities, but also their serve as mediations, establishing contacts and links. By presenting this case in its singularity, we aim at establishing, as much as possible, a more general model of the geopolitical analysis of identity problems in the time of globalization
Impact of nutrients supply and pH changes on the elimination of hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and ethanethiol by biofiltration.

International audienceThe treatment of sulfur odorous compds. in mixt., hydrogen sulfide (H2S), di-Me disulfide (DMDS) and ethanethiol (EtSH), by biofiltration was examd. A significant effort was focused on the impact of nutrients supply, without forgetting the effect of other parameters such as the pH, on the process performances. Removal efficiencies of three biofilters packed with pine bark and composted wood mulch and sprinkled by different nutritive solns. were compared. Owing to the biodegradability of H2S, its removal was not affected by the lack of nutrients in the biofilter. However, for EtSH and DMDS, considered as more recalcitrant, the influence of nutrients on biodegrdn. was clearly obsd.; it was enhanced when the supplementation in the watering soln. was increased. Furthermore, EtSH removal yield increased from 80% in the absence of supplementation to an almost total removal in the presence of nutrients in the watering soln. The degrdn. of the three compds. decreased as follows: H2S \textgreater DMDS \textgreater EtSH. The impact of the pH of the packing materials was also underlined. The decrease in pH caused by the accumulation of sulfuric acid in the packing material, the most abundant product of the biol. oxidn. of sulfur compds., led to a redn. of the elimination efficiencies of EtSH and DMDS; while the microorganisms involved in H2S degrdn. appeared active in a large pH range, from less than 3 to close to 9. [on SciFinder(R)
Synthesis of specific nanoparticles for targeting tumor angiogenesis using electron-beam irradiation

International audienceAngiogenesis plays a critical role in both growth and metastasis of tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endogenous mediator of tumor angiogenesis. Blocking associations of the VEGF with its corresponding receptors (KDR) have become critical for anti-tumor therapy. Acyclo-peptide (CBO- P11), derived from VEGF, able to inhibit the interaction between the growth factor and its receptor, was synthesized in our laboratory to provide a target for angiogenesis. We have prepared biocompatible poly(vinylidenefluoride (PVDF) nanoparticles in order to obtain long blood circulating systems. Electron-beam (EB) irradiation was used to activate the PVDF nanoparticles. From electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, we studied the radical stability in order to optimize the radio-grafting of acrylicacid (AA). Further functionalization of PVDF-g-PAA nanoparticles with the cyclo-peptide via a spacer arm was also possible by performing coupling reactions. High resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS NMR) and MALDI mass spectrometry allowed us to follow each chemical step of this peptide immobilization. We designed a new nanodevice suggesting a great potential for targeting angiogenesis
On discrete functional inequalities for some finite volume schemes

International audienceWe prove several discrete Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev and Poincaré-Sobolev inequalities for some approximations with arbitrary boundary values on finite volume meshes. The keypoint of our approach is to use the continuous embedding of the space $BV(\Omega)$ into $L^{N/(N-1)}(\Omega)$ for a Lipschitz domain $ \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{N}$, with $N \geq 2$. Finally, we give several applications to discrete duality finite volume (DDFV) schemes which are used for the approximation of nonlinear and non isotropic elliptic and parabolic problems
Hamiltonian interpolation of splitting approximations for nonlinear PDEs

International audienceWe consider a wide class of semi linear Hamiltonian partial differential equa- tions and their approximation by time splitting methods. We assume that the nonlinearity is polynomial, and that the numerical tra jectory remains at least uni- formly integrable with respect to an eigenbasis of the linear operator (typically the Fourier basis). We show the existence of a modified interpolated Hamiltonian equation whose exact solution coincides with the discrete flow at each time step over a long time depending on a non resonance condition satisfied by the stepsize. We introduce a class of modified splitting schemes fulfilling this condition at a high order and prove for them that the numerical flow and the continuous flow remain close over exponentially long time with respect to the step size. For stan- dard splitting or implicit-explicit scheme, such a backward error analysis result holds true on a time depending on a cut-off condition in the high frequencies (CFL condition). This analysis is valid in the case where the linear operator has a discrete (bounded domain) or continuous (the whole space) spectrum
Simple Market Protocols for Efficient Risk Sharing

This paper studies the performance of four market protocols with regard to allocative efficiency and other performance criteria such as volume or volatility. We examine batch auctions, continuous double auctions, specialist dealerships, and a hybrid of these last two. All protocols are practically implementable because the messages that traders need to use are simple. We test the protocols by running (computerized) experiments in an environment that controls for traders’ behavior and rules out any informational effect. We find that all protocols generically converge to the efficient allocation in finite time. An extended comparison over other performance criteria produces no clear winner, but the presence of a specialist is associated with the best all-round performance
Increase in soil erosion after agricultural intensification: evidence from a lowland basin in France

International audienceChanges in agricultural practices impact sediment transfer in catchments and rivers. Long term archives of sediment deposits in agricultural plains of northwestern Europe are rarely available, however, for reconstructing and quantifying erosion and sedimentation rates for the second half of the 20th century. In this context, a multi-parameter analysis was conducted on sedimentary deposits accumulated in a pond created in the 11th century and draining a 24 km2 cultivated catchment in western France. This catchment is representative of cultivated and drained lowland environments where agriculture has intensified during the last 60 years.High resolution seismic profiles and surface sediment samples (n = 74) were used to guide the collection of cores (n = 3) representative of the sequence of sediment accumulated in the pond. The cores were analysed to quantify and characterize the evolution of sediment dynamics in the pond.The first land consolidation period (1954-1960) was characterized by a dominance of allochtonous material input to the pond. This input represents an erosion of 1900 to 2300 t.km−2.yr−1 originating from the catchment. Then, between 1970-1990, the terrigenous input decreased progressively and tended to stabilize. Eutrophication and associated primary production increased in the pond. These processes generated the majority of material accumulated in the pond during this period. Further land consolidation programs conducted in 1992 generated a new increase in soil erosion and sediment input to the reservoir. For the last 10 years, terrigenous input to the pond corresponds to a catchment-wide erosion rate between 90 and 102 t.km−2.yr−1. While a strong decrease is observed, it still represents a 60-fold increase of the sediment flux compared to the pre-intensification period. These large temporal variations of sedimentation rates over a few decades underline the dynamics of sediment transfer and raise questions about the sustainability of soil resources in lowland temperate environments
Environmental responses to Lateglacial climatic fluctuations recorded in the sediments of pre-Alpine Lake Mondsee (northeastern Alps)

Declakes Participants : Soumaya Belmecheri, Marc Desmet, Helmut Erlenkeuser, Bernard Fanget, Jérôme Nomade.International audienceInvestigation of the sedimentary record of pre-Alpine Lake Mondsee (Upper Austria) focused on the environmental reaction to rapid Lateglacial climatic changes. Results of this study reveal complex proxy responses that are variable in time and influenced by the long-term evolution of the lake and its catchment. A new field sampling approach facilitated continuous and precisely controlled parallel sampling at decadal to sub-annual resolution for µ-XRF element scanning, carbon geochemistry, stable isotope measurements on ostracods, pollen analyses and large-scale thin sections for microfacies analysis. The Holocene chronology is established through microscopic varve counting and supported by accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils, whereas the Lateglacial age model is based on δ18O wiggle matching with the Greenland NGRIP record, using the GICC05 chronology. Microfacies analysis enables the detection of subtle sedimentological changes, proving that depositional processes even in rather large lake systems are highly sensitive to climate forcing. Comparing periods of major warming at the onset of the Lateglacial and Holocene and of major cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas reveals differences in proxy responses, reflecting threshold effects and ecosystem inertia. Temperature increase, vegetation recovery, decrease of detrital flux and intensification of biochemical calcite precipitation at the onset of the Holocene took place with only decadal leads and lags over a ca. 100 a period, whereas the spread of woodlands and the reduction of detrital flux lagged the warming at the onset of the Lateglacial Interstadial by ca. 500-750 a. Cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas is reflected by the simultaneous reaction of δ18O and vegetation, but sedimentological changes (reduction of endogenic calcite content, increase in detrital flux) were delayed by about 150-300 a. Three short-term Lateglacial cold intervals, corresponding to Greenland isotope substages GI-1d, GI-1c2 and GI-1b, also show complex proxy responses that vary in time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Experimental Constraints on the Deep Magma Feeding System at StromboliVolcano, Italy

International audienceNew experiments have been performed on a high-K basalt (PST-9) from Stromboli volcano, Italy, to constrain the physical conditions of golden pumice magmas at their storage level and discuss their petrogenesis. Fluid-present, H2O- and CO2-bearing, near-liquidus experiments were performed at 11508C between 100 and 400MPa and under oxidizing conditions. Glasses were analyzed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and their H2O and CO2 concentrations compared with those in glass inclusions.Most glass inclusions cluster near the 200MPa isobar, suggesting entrapment at a depth of ~8 km. Golden pumice magmas have viscosities of 7.9 Pa s and densities of 2.48-2.57 g/cm3. Compositions of experimental fluids coexisting with melts along the liquidus have been estimated by mass balance. They range from CO2-rich (XH2O~0.2) at 400MPa to H2O-rich (XH2O~0.8) at 100MPa.The free fluid phase present at the reservoir level has an XH2O of ~0.6, consistent with equilibration with a near-liquidus golden pumice magma below 300MPa. Clinopyroxene is the liquidus phase in all highpressure experiments, either fluid-absent (H2O) or fluid-present (H2O-CO2). In contrast, at 0.1MPa, cpx and ol appear together on the liquidus and olivines are more Fo-rich (up to 89.1) than those crystallizing at high pressures (up to 87.3).The composition of cotectic liquids multiply saturated in cpx and ol has been experimentally determined. Most pumices and a majority of melt inclusions have compositions of cotectic melts. In contrast, PST-9 plots in the cpx field and is representative of less evolved ankaramitic magmas parental to golden pumices. Melt inclusions trapped in Fo 487 olivines form a group of ultra-calcic compositions plotting in the cpx field, interpreted as boundary layer melts locally generated by cpx dissolution in the deep reservoir. Ankaramitic melts in the Stromboli feeding system are proposed to derive from primitive mantle melts by combined crystallization, mixing, wall-rock interaction and assimilation
The emergence of coherent wave groups in deep-water random sea

18 pages, 9 figures, 37 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/International audienceExtreme surface waves in deep-water long-crested sea are often interpreted as a manifestation in real world of the so-called breathing solitons of the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation. While the spontaneous emergence of such coherent structures from nonlinear wave dynamics was demonstrated to take place in fiber optics systems, the same point remains far more controversial in the hydrodynamic case. With the aim to shed further light on this matter, the emergence of breather-like coherent wave groups in long-crested random sea is here investigated by means of high-resolution spectral simulations of the fully nonlinear two-dimensional Euler equations. Our study is focused on parametrizing the structure of random wave fields with respect to the Benjamin--Feir index, which is a nondimensional measure of the energy localization in Fourier space. This choice is motivated by previous results, showing that extreme-wave activity in long-crested sea is highly sensitive to this parameter. It is found that coherent wave groups do develop within wave fields characterized by sufficiently narrow-banded spectra, and that such coherent structures closely match realizations of Kuznetsov--Ma breathes in Euler dynamics. The characteristic spatial and temporal scales of wave group dynamics, and the corresponding occurrence of extreme events, are quantified and discussed by mean of space-time autocorrelations of the surface elevation envelope and extreme events statistics
Eunethydis: a statement of the ethical principles governing the relationship between the European group for ADHD guidelines, and its members, with commercial for-profit organisations

The Eunethydis ADHD Guidelines group set out here the ethical principles governing the relationship between the group and industry. The principles set out here are provided to ensure that this is both done and seen to be done. The impetus for these guidelines comes from within the Group and is linked to the recognition for the need for an open and transparent basis for Group-industry relations, especially in the light of the present concern that the pharmaceutical industry may be exerting a growing influence on the actions of researchers and clinicians in the ADHD field
Role of dynamic polar nanoregions in heterovalent perovskite relaxor: Inelastic light scattering study of ferroelectric Ti rich Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3

The role of dynamic polar nanoregions (PNRs) of (1−x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PZN-100xPT) single crystals with the PT content x = 0.15 (i.e., higher than above the morphotropic phase boundary composition x ∼ 0.09) has been investigated using inelastic light scattering. The remarkable anomaly of the longitudinal acoustic mode is clearly observed in the vicinity of the cubic-tetragonal phase transition temperature at the TC-T = 481 K. A broad central peak (CP) appears below the Burns temperature TB ∼ 700 K. Upon cooling, the relaxation time determined from the CP width clearly shows a critical slowing down when approaching TC-T in contrast with the suppressed slowing down previously observed in PZN-7PT [S. Tsukada and S. Kojima, Phys. Rev. B 78, 144106 (2008)]. These facts are due to the existence of dynamic PNRs and the disappearance of chemically ordered regions resulting from a higher PT content in the solid solution. In the cubic phase, the local symmetry breaking caused by the PNRs was observed by Raman scattering. The initial size of dynamic PNRs is about 3 nm just below TB, and it increases significantly upon cooling below the intermediate temperature T* ∼ 600 K, reaching 10 nm down to TC-T