pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Drug-Based and Surgical Treatments for Primary Aldosteronism

International audienceTreatments for primary aldosteronism (PA) aim to correct or prevent the deleterious consequences of hyperaldosteronism: hypertension, hypokalemia, and direct target organ damage. Patients with unilateral PA considered fit for surgery can undergo laparoscopic adrenalectomy, which significantly decreases blood pressure (BP) and medications in most cases and cures hypertension in about 40%. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) are used to treat patients with bilateral PA and those with unilateral PA if surgery is not possible or not desired. Spironolactone is more potent than eplerenone, but high doses are poorly tolerated in men. MRA can be replaced or complemented with epithelial sodium channel blockers, such as amiloride. Thiazide diuretics and calcium channel blockers are used when the first-line drugs are insufficient to control BP. Dietary sodium restriction should be implemented in all cases because the deleterious consequences of hyperaldosteronism are dependent on salt loading. Several studies comparing the results of surgery and MRA have reported no differences in terms of BP, serum potassium concentration, or cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, although the benefits of treatment tend to be observed sooner with surgery. Patients with PA display relative glomerular hyperfiltration, which is reversed by specific treatment, revealing CKD in 30% of patients. However, further kidney damage is lessened by the treatment of PA
On stability condition for bifluid flows with surface tension : application to microfluidics

Accepted 22 February 2008 ; Available online 5 March 2008. Accepté pour publication le 22/08/2007 ; disponible en ligne le 05/04/2008 ; 41 pages.International audienceModels for incompressible immiscible bifluid flows with surface tension are here considered. Since Brackbill, Kothe and Zemach (J. Comput. Phys. 100, pp 335-354, 1992) introduced the Continuum Surface Force (CSF) method, many methods involved in interface tracking or capturing are based on this reference work. Particularly, the surface tension term is discretized explicitly and therefore, a stability condition is induced on the computational time step. This constraint on the time step allows the containment of the amplification of capillary waves along the interface and puts more emphasis on the terms linked with the density in the Navier-Stokes equation (i. e. unsteady and inertia terms) rather than on the viscous terms. Indeed, the viscosity does not appear, as a parameter, in this stability condition. We propose a new stability condition which takes into account all fluid characteristics (density and viscosity) and for which we present a theoretical estimation. We detail the analysis which is based on a perturbation study - with capillary wave - for which we use energy estimate on the induced perturbed velocity. We validate our analysis and algorithms with numerical simulations of microfluidic flows using a Level Set method, namely the exploration of different mixing dynamics inside microdroplets
The Ising-Sherrington-Kirpatrick model in a magnetic field at high temperature

We study a spin system on a large box with both Ising interaction and Sherrington-Kirpatrick couplings, in the presence of an external field. Our results are: (i) existence of the pressure in the limit of an infinite box. When both Ising and Sherrington-Kirpatrick temperatures are high enough, we prove that: (ii) the value of the pressure is given by a suitable replica symmetric solution, and (iii) the fluctuations of the pressure are of order of the inverse of the square of the volume with a normal distribution in the limit. In this regime, the pressure can be expressed in terms of random field Ising models
A SPLITTING METHOD FOR THE ISENTROPIC BAER-NUNZIATO TWO-PHASE FLOW MODEL

International audienceIn the present work, we propose a fractional step method for computing approximatesolutions of the isentropic Baer-Nunziato two-phase flow model. The scheme relies on an operatorsplitting method corresponding to a separate treatment of fast propagation phenomena due to theacoustic waves on the one hand and slow propagation phenomena due to the fluid motion on theother. The scheme is proved to preserve positive values of the statistical fractions and densities.We also provide two test-cases that assess the convergence of the method
Control of a separated boundary layer: Reduced-order modeling using global modes revisited

International audienceThe possibility of model reduction using global modes is readdressed, aiming at the controlling of a globally unstable separation bubble induced by a bump geometry. A combined oblique and orthogonal projection approach is proposed to design an estimator and controller in a Riccati-type feedback setting. An input-output criterion is used to appropriately select the modes of the projection basis. The full-state linear instability dynamics is shown to be successfully controlled by the feedback coupling with controllers of moderate degrees of freedom
The Ikaria high-temperature Metamorphic Core Complex (Cyclades, Greece): Geometry, kinematics and thermal structure

International audienceThis work attempted at clarifying the structure of Ikaria using primarily intensive geological mapping combined with structural analysis and a geothermometry approach of Raman spectrometry of carbonaceous material. Foliation over the whole island defines a structural dome cored by high-grade to partially-molten rocks. Its exhumation was completed by two top-to-the-N ductile extensional shear zones, operating in the ductile and then the brittle fields, through a single extensional event coeval with progressive strain localization. The thermal structure of the dome with regard to position of ductile shear zones was retrieved using the Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material. Peak-metamorphic temperatures range from 390 °C in the upper parts of the structure down to 625 °C in the core of the dome in the vicinity of migmatites and S-type granite. Pioneer in situ U-Th-Pb analyses on monazite performed on the leucosome parts of these rock yielded a 15.7 ± 0.2 Ma age. Ikaria Island thus completes the series of Miocene migmatite-cored Metamorphic Core Complex in the central part of the Aegean domain where a genuine high-temperature zone can be defined as the central Aegean HT zone. There, the extreme stretching of the continental crust is associated with dominantly top-to-the-N kinematics
Value Creation in Collaborative Networks: The Case of RFiD Implementation

International audienceIn this article, we question the way CNs are built around the implementation of RFiD in a supply chain and what are the value creation logics among these CNs. We address three main questions: the way and types of CNs in a RFiD implementation project, the nature of the aggregator and value creation of each actor during the different phases of the project and finally the interconnections between CNs in the value creation logic. We provide answers to theses questions based on a case study that describes the implementation of the RFiD innovative technology in a jewellery supply chain
Application of lasers to ultracold atoms and molecules

Review paper written in the name of IFRAF to celebrate 50 years of lasers and their applications to cold atom physics; 15 pages, 2 figures; published in Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Physique, Paris.International audienceIn this review, we discuss the impact of the development of lasers on ultracold atoms and molecules and their applications. After a brief historical review of laser cooling and Bose-Einstein condensation, we present important applications of ultra cold atoms, including time and frequency metrology, atom interferometry and inertial sensors, atom lasers, simulation of condensed matter systems, production and study of strongly correlated systems, and production of ultracold molecules
Optimal spatial design for air quality measurement surveys

International audienceMeasurement surveys using passive diffusion tubes are regularly car-ried out to elaborate atmospheric concentration maps over various areas. Sampling schemes must be designed to characterize both contaminant concentrations (of benzene or nitrogen dioxide for example) and their re-lations to environmental variables so as to obtain pollution maps as precise as possible. Here, a spatial statistical methodology to design benzene air concentration measurement surveys on the urban scale is exposed. In a first step, an a priori modeling is conducted that is based on the analysis of data coming from previous campaigns on two different agglomerations. More precisely, we retain a modeling with an external drift which consists of a drift plus a spatially correlated residual. The statistical analysis per-formed on available data leads to choose the most relevant auxiliary vari-ables and to determine an a priori variogram model for the residual. An a priori distribution is also defined for the variogram parameters, whose values appear to vary from a campaign to another. In a second step, we optimize the positioning of the measuring devices on a third agglomera-tion according to a Bayesian criterion. Practically, we aim at finding the design that minimizes the mean over the urban domain of the universal kriging variance, whose parameters are based on the a priori modeling, while accounting for the prior distribution over the variogram parameters. Two global optimization algorithms are compared: simulated annealing and a particle filter based algorithm
Interference effects and Stark broadening in XUV intrashell transitions in aluminum under conditions of intense XUV free-electron-laser irradiation

International audienceQuantum mechanical interference effects in the line broadening of intrashell transitions are investigated for dense plasma conditions. Simulations that involved LS J -split level structure and intermediate coupling discovered unexpected strong line narrowing for intrashell transitions L-L while M-L transitions remained practically unaffected by interference effects. This behavior allows a robust study of line narrowing in dense plasmas. Simulations are carried out for XUV transitions of aluminum that have recently been observed in experiments with the FLASH free-electron laser in Hamburg irradiating solid aluminum samples with intensities greater than 10^16 W/cm^2 . We explore the advantageous case of Al that allows, ﬁrst, simultaneous observation of M-L transitions and L-L intrashell transitions with high-resolution grating spectrometers and, second, has a convenient threshold to study interference effects at densities much below solid. Finally, we present simulations at near solid density where the line emission transforms into a quasi-continuum
Hyperfrontality and hypoconnectivity during refreshing in schizophrenia.

International audienceAnomalous activations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cerebral areas have been reported in previous studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Several interpretations have been reported: e.g., neural inefficiency, the use of different strategies and differences in the functional organization of the cerebral cortex. To better understand these abnormal activations, we investigated the cerebral bases of a working memory component process, namely refreshing (i.e., thinking briefly of a just-activated representation). Fifteen patients with schizophrenia and 15 control subjects participated in this fMRI study. Participants were told that whenever they saw a word on the screen, they had to read it silently to themselves (read and repeat conditions), and when they saw a dot, they had to think of the just-previous word (refresh condition). The refresh condition (in comparison with the read condition) was associated with increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (T=3.55, p=0.009) and decreased connectivity within the prefrontal cortex and between the prefrontal and parietal cortices (T(s)>4.09, p(s)<0.05) in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with control subjects. These results suggest that prefrontal dysfunctions in schizophrenia might be related to a defective ability to initiate (rather than to execute) specific cognitive processes
FAST: acceleration from theory to practice

International audienceFast acceleration of symbolic transition systems (Fast) is a tool for the analysis of systems manipulating unbounded integer variables. We check safety properties by computing the reachability set of the system under study. Even if this reachability set is not necessarily recursive, we use innovative techniques, namely symbolic representation, acceleration and circuit selection, to increase convergence. Fast has proved to perform very well on case studies. This paper describes the tool, from the underlying theory to the architecture choices. Finally, Fast capabilities are compared with those of other tools. A range of case studies from the literature is investigated
Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere

International audienceThe thermal evolution of magma oceans produced by collision with giant impactors late in accretion is expected to depend on the composition and structure of the atmosphere through the greenhouse effect of CO2 and H2O released from the magma during its crystallization. In order to constrain the various cooling timescales of the system, we developed a 1D parameterized convection model of a magma ocean coupled with a 1D radiative-convective model of the atmosphere. We conducted a parametric study and described the influences of the initial volatile inventories, the initial depth of the magma ocean and the Sun-planet distance. Our results suggest that a steam atmosphere delays the end of the magma ocean phase by typically 1 Myr. Water vapor condenses to an ocean after 0.1 Myr, 1.5 Myr and 10 Myr for, respectively, Mars, Earth and Venus. This time would be virtually infinite for an Earth-sized planet located at less than 0.66 AU from the Sun. Using a more accurate calculation of opacities, we show that Venus is much closer to this threshold distance than in previous models. So there are conditions such as no water ocean is formed on Venus. Moreover, for Mars and Earth, water ocean formation time scales are shorter than typical time gaps between major impacts. This implies that successive water oceans may have developed during accretion, making easier the loss of their atmospheres by impact erosion. On the other hand, Venus could have remained in the magma ocean stage for most of its accretion
Estimating heat stress from climate-based indicators: present-day biases and future spreads in the CMIP5 global climate model ensemble

International audienceThe increased exposure of human populations to heat stress is one of the likely consequences of global warming, and it has detrimental effects on health and labor capacity. Here, we consider the evolution of heat stress under climate change using 21 general circulation models (GCMs). Three heat stress indicators, based on both temperature and humidity conditions, are used to investigate present-day model biases and spreads in future climate projections. Present day estimates of heat stress indicators from observational data shows that humid tropical areas tend to experience more frequent heat stress than other regions do, with a total frequency of heat stress 250–300 d yr−1. The most severe heat stress is found in the Sahel and south India. Present-day GCM simulations tend to underestimate heat stress over the tropics due to dry and cold model biases. The model based estimates are in better agreement with observation in mid to high latitudes, but this is due to compensating errors in humidity and temperature. The severity of heat stress is projected to increase by the end of the century under climate change scenario RCP8.5, reaching unprecedented levels in some regions compared with observations. An analysis of the different factors contributing to the total spread of projected heat stress shows that spread is primarily driven by the choice of GCMs rather than the choice of indicators, even when the simulated indicators are bias-corrected. This supports the utility of the multi-model ensemble approach to assess the impacts of climate change on heat stress
Secondary instability of the stably stratified Ekman layer

International audienceThe Ekman flow, an exact solution of the Boussinesq equations with rotation, is a prototype flow for both atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. The effect of stratification on the finite-amplitude longitudinal rolls developing in the Ekman flow and their three-dimensional stability is studied by means of linearized and nonlinear numerical simulations. Similarities and differences with respect to billows developing in the Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) unidirectional stratified shear flow are discussed. Prandtl number effects are investigated as well as the role played by the buoyant-convective instability. For low Prandtl number, the amplitude of the saturated rolls vanishes at the critical bulk Richardson number, while at high Prandtl number, finite-amplitude rolls are found. The Prandtl number also affects how the growth rate of the secondary instability evolves as the Richardson number is increased. For low Prandtl number, the growth rate decreases as the Richardson number increases while it remains significant for large Prandtl number over the range of stratification studied. This behaviour is likely a result of the differing amplitudes of the roll vortices. Furthermore, the most unstable wave vector is much lower than for the secondary instability of KH billows. Examination of the energetics of the secondary instability shows that buoyant-convective instability is present locally at high Reynolds and Prandtl numbers but plays an overall minor role despite the presence in the base flow of statically unstable regions characterized by a high Richardson number. © 2013 Cambridge University Press
Constraints on Charon's Orbital Elements from the Double Stellar Occultation of 2008 June 22

The original publication is available at http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/International audiencePluto and its main satellite, Charon, occulted the same star on 2008 June 22. This event was observed from Australia and La Réunion Island, providing the east and north Charon Plutocentric offset in the sky plane (J2000): X= + 12,070.5 ± 4 km (+ 546.2 ± 0.2 mas), Y= + 4,576.3 ± 24 km (+ 207.1 ± 1.1 mas) at 19:20:33.82 UT on Earth, corresponding to JD 2454640.129964 at Pluto. This yields Charon's true longitude L= 153.483 ± 0fdg071 in the satellite orbital plane (counted from the ascending node on J2000 mean equator) and orbital radius r= 19,564 ± 14 km at that time. We compare this position to that predicted by (1) the orbital solution of Tholen & Buie (the "TB97" solution), (2) the PLU017 Charon ephemeris, and (3) the solution of Tholen et al. (the "T08" solution). We conclude that (1) our result rules out solution TB97, (2) our position agrees with PLU017, with differences of ΔL= + 0.073 ± 0fdg071 in longitude, and Δr= + 0.6 ± 14 km in radius, and (3) while the difference with the T08 ephemeris amounts to only ΔL= 0.033 ± 0fdg071 in longitude, it exhibits a significant radial discrepancy of Δr= 61.3 ± 14 km. We discuss this difference in terms of a possible image scale relative error of 3.35 × 10-3in the 2002-2003 Hubble Space Telescope images upon which the T08 solution is mostly based. Rescaling the T08 Charon semi-major axis, a = 19, 570.45 km, to the TB97 value, a = 19636 km, all other orbital elements remaining the same ("T08/TB97" solution), we reconcile our position with the re-scaled solution by better than 12 km (or 0.55 mas) for Charon's position in its orbital plane, thus making T08/TB97 our preferred solution
Low-grade metamorphism around the down-dip limit of seismogenic subduction zones: Example from an ancient accretionary complex in the Shimanto Belt, Japan

International audienceReactions involving clay minerals during low-grade metamorphism at the depth of an ancient accretionary complex in the Shimanto Belt, Kyushu, Japan, were studied by integrated transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the bulk rock and clay fraction. The analyzed metasediment (the Kitagawa unit) contain an incipient sub-horizontal slaty cleavage. Illite crystallinity data and mica b dimensions indicate that the conditions of metamorphic deformation were anchizone-epizone grade and intermediate pressure. Cleavage formation was linked to two reactions involving clay minerals: (1) the recrystallization of 1M-dominant matrix mica, inherited from the original sedimentary fabric, into thick, defect-free 2M1 packets along cleavage planes; and (2) the formation of chlorite from 7 Å berthierine. Balanced equations among the clay phases, based on compositional data and their relative abundance, suggest that the decomposition of matrix mica resulted in the formation of paragenetic mica and chlorite along the cleavage planes, without significant elemental outflux. Although a modal increase in phyllosilicates is not indicated by the data, the growth of chlorite and mica along cleavage planes may have a large influence on the rheological properties of a décollement and may be related to the occurrence of the seismic-aseismic transition at ~ 350 °C
A brief history of the solar oblateness. A review

International audienceWe hereby present a review on solar oblateness measurements. By emphasizing historical data, we illustrate how the discordance between experimental results can lead to substantial improvements in the building of new technical apparatus as well as to the emergence of new ideas to develop new theories. We stress out the need to get accurate data from space to enhance our knowledge of the solar core in order to develop more precise ephemerids and ultimately build possible new gravitational theories
Hydraulic interactions between fractures and bedding planes in a carbonate aquifer studied by means of experimentally induced water-table fluctuations (Coaraze experimental site, southeastern France)

International audienceIn aquifers with variable permeability, the water exchanges between high and low permeability regions are controlled by the hydraulic head gradient. Past studies have addressed this problem mainly considering steadystate hydraulic conditions. To study such exchanges during water-table fluctuations, a spring was equipped with a water-gate that creates 10-meter artificial fluctuations of the water table. The water exchanges are discussed with respect to hydrochemical and pressure measurements in the groundwater. With successive water-table fluctuations the mineralization and pH decrease, but the bicarbonate content increases in response to carbon dioxide dissolution . At this scale of single fractures and surroundings, the hydrochemistry allows water flows from low or high permeability discontinuities to be discriminated. During hydraulic head fluctuations, the waters from low and high permeability discontinuities become mixed. During water-table rise, the low-permeability matrix contributed to the refilling of the permeable faults and to the mixing of the waters. Dynamic flows in the opposite direction to the hydraulic gradient can expel mineralized water, pushing it towards permeable discontinuities. This mechanism could be the cause of the peak in the mineralisation recorded in some karst springs at the start of flood events