pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The hidden charm pentaquarks are the hidden color-octet uud baryons?

AbstractThe I(JP)=12(12−), 12(32−), and 12(52−) uudcc‾ pentaquarks are investigated by the quark cluster model. This model, which reproduces the mass spectra of the color-singlet S-wave q3 baryons and qq‾ mesons, also enables us to evaluate the quark interaction in the color-octet uud configurations. It is shown that the color-octet isospin-12 spin-32 uud configuration gains an attraction. The uudcc‾ states with this configuration have structures around the Σc(⁎)D‾(⁎) thresholds: one bound state, two resonances, and one large cusp are found. We argue that the negative parity pentaquark found by the LHCb experiments may be given by these structures
The clinical and biological impact of new pathogen inactivation technologies on platelet concentrates

AbstractSince 1990, several techniques have been developed to photochemically inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates, potentially leading to safer transfusion therapy. The three most common methods are amotosalen/UVA (INTERCEPT Blood System), riboflavin/UVA–UVB (MIRASOL PRT), and UVC (Theraflex-UV). We review the biology of pathogen inactivation methods, present their efficacy in reducing pathogens, discuss their impact on the functional aspects of treated platelets, and review clinical studies showing the clinical efficiency of the pathogen inactivation methods and their possible toxicity
Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

AbstractIn high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle production region can be measured using the Bose–Einstein correlations of identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii extracted in p–Pb collisions are found to be 5–15% larger than those in pp, while those in Pb–Pb are 35–55% larger than those in p–Pb. Our measurements disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion in p–Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity
The connection between computability of a nonlinear problem and its linearization: The Hartman–Grobman theorem revisited

AbstractAs one of the seven open problems in the addendum to their 1989 book Computability in Analysis and Physics Pour-El and Richards (1989) [17], Pour-El and Richards asked, “What is the connection between the computability of the original nonlinear operator and the linear operator which results from it?” Yet at present, systematic studies of the issues raised by this question seem to be missing from the literature. In this paper, we study one problem in this direction: the Hartman–Grobman linearization theorem for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We prove, roughly speaking, that near a hyperbolic equilibrium point x0 of a nonlinear ODE ẋ=f(x), there is a computable homeomorphism H such that H∘ϕ=L∘H, where ϕ is the solution to the ODE and L is the solution to its linearization ẋ=Df(x0)x
International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT-12) Models for CO2 injection with coupled thermal processes

AbstractLarge-scale models of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in geological formations must capture the relevant physical, chemical and thermodynamic processes that affect the migration and ultimate fate of injected CO2. These processes should be modeled over the appropriate length and time scales. Some important mechanisms include convection- driven dissolution, caprock roughness, and local capillary effects, all of which can impact the direction and speed of the plume as well as long-term trapping efficiency. In addition, CO2 can be injected at a different temperature than reservoir conditions, leading to significant density variation within the plume over space and time. This impacts buoyancy and migration patterns, which becomes particularly important for injection sites with temperature and pressure conditions near the critical point. Therefore, coupling thermal processes with fluid flow should be considered in order to correctly capture plume migration and trapping within the reservoir. This study focuses on compositional non- isothermal flow using 3D and vertically upscaled models. The model concept is demonstrated on simple systems. In addition, we explore CO2 thermodynamic models for reliable prediction of density under different injection pressures, temperatures and composition
Modelling and inference with Conditional Gaussian Probabilistic Decision Graphs

AbstractProbabilistic Decision Graphs (PDGs) are probabilistic graphical models that represent a factorisation of a discrete joint probability distribution using a “decision graph”-like structure over local marginal parameters. The structure of a PDG enables the model to capture some context specific independence relations that are not representable in the structure of more commonly used graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov networks. This sometimes makes operations in PDGs more efficient than in alternative models. PDGs have previously been defined only in the discrete case, assuming a multinomial joint distribution over the variables in the model. We extend PDGs to incorporate continuous variables, by assuming a Conditional Gaussian (CG) joint distribution. We also show how inference can be carried out in an efficient way
Role of lime with cement in long-term strength of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks

AbstractCompressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) are manufactured using stabilizers to provide adequate compressive strength and durability, so, as to make them suitable as building blocks. Though cement is a popular stabilizer used in manufacture of CSEBs, no study has been reported utilizing lime in combination of cement. This experimental study on CSEBs prepared using lime as a replacement to cement in certain proportions has clearly brought out the effectiveness of lime with cement in improving the long-term build-up of strength better than using cement alone. It was observed that blocks prepared with optimum quantity of lime along with cement has led to continuous buildup of strength even beyond 2years, whereas blocks prepared with cement alone and lesser quantity of lime than optimum quantity have not gained much strength after 6months from the time of preparation of the blocks. The research findings show a need to relook at the grading of ingredients and quantity of stabilizers for achieving good building blocks. This would be an added benefit not only in reducing the cost of the blocks, but also has serious implications in terms of the reduction of energy consumed in the manufacture of blocks when done in large scale
Characterizations of hemirings by their h-ideals

AbstractIn this paper we characterize hemirings in which all h-ideals or all fuzzy h-ideals are idempotent. It is proved, among other results, that every h-ideal of a hemiring R is idempotent if and only if the lattice of fuzzy h-ideals of R is distributive under the sum and h-intrinsic product of fuzzy h-ideals or, equivalently, if and only if each fuzzy h-ideal of R is intersection of those prime fuzzy h-ideals of R which contain it. We also define two types of prime fuzzy h-ideals of R and prove that, a non-constant h-ideal of R is prime in the second sense if and only if each of its proper level set is a prime h-ideal of R
A multi-objective combinatorial model of casualty processing in major incident response

AbstractDuring the emergency response to mass casualty incidents decisions relating to the extrication, treatment and transporting of casualties are made in a real-time, sequential manner. In this paper we describe a novel combinatorial optimization model of this problem which acknowledges its temporal nature by employing a scheduling approach. The model is of a multi-objective nature, utilizing a lexicographic view to combine objectives in a manner which capitalizes on their natural ordering of priority. The model includes pertinent details regarding the stochastic nature of casualty health, the spatial nature of multi-site emergencies and the dynamic capacity of hospitals. A Variable Neighborhood Descent metaheuristic is employed in order to solve the model. The model is evaluated over a range of potential problems, with results confirming its effective and robust nature
The Jacobi matrices approach to Nevanlinna–Pick problems

AbstractA modification of the well-known step-by-step process for solving Nevanlinna–Pick problems in the class of R0-functions gives rise to a linear pencil H−λJ, where H and J are Hermitian tridiagonal matrices. First, we show that J is a positive operator. Then it is proved that the corresponding Nevanlinna–Pick problem has a unique solution iff the densely defined symmetric operator J−12HJ−12 is self-adjoint and some criteria for this operator to be self-adjoint are presented. Finally, by means of the operator technique, we obtain that multipoint diagonal Padé approximants to a unique solution φ of the Nevanlinna–Pick problem converge to φ locally uniformly in C∖R. The proposed scheme extends the classical Jacobi matrix approach to moment problems and Padé approximation for R0-functions
The Plant Cytoskeleton, NET3C, and VAP27 Mediate the Link between the Plasma Membrane and Endoplasmic Reticulum

SummaryThe cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network in plants is a highly dynamic structure, and it contacts the plasma membrane (PM) at ER-PM anchor/contact sites. These sites are known to be essential for communication between the ER and PM for lipid transport, calcium influx, and ER morphology in mammalian and fungal cells. The nature of these contact sites is unknown in plants [1, 2], and here, we have identified a complex that forms this bridge. This complex includes (1) NET3C, which belongs to a plant-specific superfamily (NET) of actin-binding proteins [3], (2) VAP27, a plant homolog of the yeast Scs2 ER-PM contact site protein [4, 5], and (3) the actin and microtubule networks. We demonstrate that NET3C and VAP27 localize to puncta at the PM and that NET3C and VAP27 form homodimers/oligomers and together form complexes with actin and microtubules. We show that F-actin modulates the turnover of NET3C at these puncta and microtubules regulate the exchange of VAP27 at the same sites. Based on these data, we propose a model for the structure of the plant ER-PM contact sites
Diversity and distribution of epiphytic bryophytes on Bramley’s Seedling trees in East of England apple orchards

AbstractEpiphytic bryophytes on apple trees were investigated in relation to a selection of tree characteristics. Management of orchard trees for fruit production affects the habitats available for colonisation and growth of epiphytes on trunks and branches. Bryophytes recorded on Bramley’s Seedling apple trees in orchards in Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire showed a high level of similarity in species composition between the orchards. The similarity between orchards was, however, much reduced when relative species cover on the trees was taken into account. Twenty three species were recorded on the 71 trees sampled for detailed investigation. Tree structure, as determined by management, explained about 10% of the observed variation in bryophyte cover. Within that, trunk girth and distance to nearest neighbouring orchard trees were the most important factors. This information is of value to orchard managers aiming to become more proactive in managing their habitats for the benefit of biodiversity
Observation of the B0→ρ0ρ0 decay from an amplitude analysis of B0→(π+π−)(π+π−) decays

AbstractProton–proton collision data recorded in 2011 and 2012 by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, are analysed to search for the charmless B0→ρ0ρ0 decay. More than 600 B0→(π+π−)(π+π−) signal decays are selected and used to perform an amplitude analysis, under the assumption of no CP violation in the decay, from which the B0→ρ0ρ0 decay is observed for the first time with 7.1 standard deviations significance. The fraction of B0→ρ0ρ0 decays yielding a longitudinally polarised final state is measured to be fL=0.745−0.058+0.048(stat)±0.034(syst). The B0→ρ0ρ0 branching fraction, using the B0→ϕK⁎(892)0 decay as reference, is also reported as B(B0→ρ0ρ0)=(0.94±0.17(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.06(BF))×10−6
Modelling Spatially Regulated β-Catenin Dynamics and Invasion in Intestinal Crypts

AbstractExperimental data (e.g., genetic lineage and cell population studies) on intestinal crypts reveal that regulatory features of crypt behavior, such as control via morphogen gradients, are remarkably well conserved among numerous organisms (e.g., from mouse and rat to human) and throughout the different regions of the small and large intestines. In this article, we construct a partial differential equation model of a single colonic crypt that describes the spatial distribution of Wnt pathway proteins along the crypt axis. The novelty of our continuum model is that it is based upon assumptions that can be directly related to processes at the cellular and subcellular scales. We use the model to predict how the distributions of Wnt pathway proteins are affected by mutations. The model is then extended to investigate how mutant cell populations can invade neighboring crypts. The model simulations suggest that cell crowding caused by increased proliferation and decreased cell loss may be sufficient for a mutant cell population to colonize a neighboring healthy crypt
Spin Networks in Gauge Theory

AbstractGiven a real-analytic manifoldM, a compact connected Lie groupGand a principalG-bundleP→M, there is a, canonical “generalized measure” on the space A/G of smooth connections onPmodulo gauge transformations. This allows one to define a Hilbert spaceL2(A/G). Here we construct a set of vectors spanningL2(A/G). These vectors are described in terms of “spin networks”: graphsφembedded inM, with oriented edges labelled by irreducible unitary representations ofGand with vertices labelled by intertwining operators from the tensor product of representations labelling the incoming edges to the tensor product of representations labelling the outgoing edges. We also describe an orthonormal basis of spin network states associated to any fixed graphφ. We conclude with a discussion of spin networks in the loop representation of quantum gravity and give a category-theoretic interpretation of the spin network states
Housework over the course of relationships: Gender ideology, resources, and the division of housework from a growth curve perspective

AbstractIn the 21st century, the division of housework remains gendered, with women on average still spending more time doing chores than their male partners. While research has studied why this phenomenon is so persistent, few studies have yet been able to assess the effect of gender ideology and socio-economic resources at the same time, usually due to data restrictions. We use data from the pairfam, a new and innovative German panel study, in order to test the effect of absolute and relative resources as well as his and her gender ideology on the division of housework. We employ a life course perspective and analyze trajectories of couples’ housework division over time, using multi-level random effects growth curve models. We find that an egalitarian gender ideology of both him and her significantly predicts more egalitarian division-trajectories, while neither absolute nor relative resources appear to have an effect on the division of housework over time. Furthermore, our results expand the literature by investigating how these processes differ among childless couples and couples who experience the first birth
Simultaneous solutions of the strong CP and μ problems

AbstractThe μ parameter of the supersymmetric standard model is replaced by λS, where S is a singlet chiral superfield, introducing a Peccei–Quinn symmetry into the theory. Dynamics at the electroweak scale naturally solves both the strong CP and μ problems as long as λ is of order MZ/Mpl or smaller, and yet this theory has the same number of relevant parameters as the supersymmetric standard model. The theory will be tested at colliders: the μ parameter is predicted and there are long-lived superpartners that decay to gravitinos or axinos at separated vertices. To avoid too much saxion cold dark matter, a large amount of entropy must be produced after the electroweak phase transition. If this is accomplished by decays of a massive particle, the reheat temperature should be no more than a GeV, strongly constraining baryogenesis. Cold dark matter may be composed of both axions, probed by direct detection, and saxions, probed by a soft X-ray background arising from decays to γγ. There are two known possibilities for avoiding problematic axion domain walls: the introduction of new colored fermions or the assumption that the Peccei–Quinn symmetry was already broken during inflation. In the first case, in our theory the colored particles are expected to be at the weak scale, while in the second case it implies a good chance of discovering isocurvature perturbations in the CMB radiation and a relatively low Hubble parameter during inflation
Reconstructing animal husbandry: Trauma in Meleagris gallopavo (domestic turkey) ulnae from the American Southwest (c. 900–1678CE)

AbstractPalaeopathological and metrical analyses of faunal remains have the potential to illuminate features of past husbandry practices including demography, stocking, injury and care, housing, transport and movement, diet, and breeding. This paper presents the results of metrical and palaeopathological analyses of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) remains from nine assemblages excavated from sites across the American Southwest.Metrical data demonstrate variation in the size and overall morphology of turkeys across these sites and support the idea that meat production was not the sole purpose for turkey husbandry. The most frequently-occurring type of lesion in any skeletal element was trauma (physical injury), and 36% of these pathologies were present in ulnae. Lesions in ulnae at five sites provide evidence for the possibility that feathers were harvested from live turkeys at some sites
Dual Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenic Action of miR-15a in Diabetic Retinopathy

AbstractActivation of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic pathways in the retina and the bone marrow contributes to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We identified miR-15a as key regulator of both pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic pathways through direct binding and inhibition of the central enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolism, ASM, and the pro-angiogenic growth factor, VEGF-A. miR-15a was downregulated in diabetic retina and bone marrow cells. Over-expression of miR-15a downregulated, and inhibition of miR-15a upregulated ASM and VEGF-A expression in retinal cells. In addition to retinal effects, migration and retinal vascular repair function was impaired in miR-15a inhibitor-treated circulating angiogenic cells (CAC). Diabetic mice overexpressing miR-15a under Tie-2 promoter had normalized retinal permeability compared to wild type littermates. Importantly, miR-15a overexpression led to modulation toward nondiabetic levels, rather than complete inhibition of ASM and VEGF-A providing therapeutic effect without detrimental consequences of ASM and VEGF-A deficiencies
Dynamical symmetry enhancement near N = 2, D = 4 gauged supergravity horizons

We show that all smooth Killing horizons with compact horizon sections\ud
of 4-dimensional gauged N = 2 supergravity coupled to any number of vector multiplets\ud
preserve 2c1(K) + 4` supersymmetries, where K is a pull-back of the Hodge bundle of\ud
the special Kahler manifold on the horizon spatial section. We also demonstrate that all\ud
such horizons with c1(K) = 0 exhibit an sl(2;R) symmetry and preserve either 4 or 8\ud
supersymmetries. If the orbits of the sl(2;R) symmetry are 2-dimensional, the horizons\ud
are warped products of AdS2 with the horizon spatial section. Otherwise, the horizon\ud
section admits an isometry which preserves all the fields. The proof of these results is\ud
centered on the use of index theorem in conjunction with an appropriate generalization of\ud
the Lichnerowicz theorem for horizons that preserve at least one supersymmetry. In all\ud
c1(K) = 0 cases, we specify the local geometry of spatial horizon sections and demonstrate\ud
that the solutions are determined by first order non-linear ordinary differential equations\ud
on some of the fields
Are the Bulk of z > 2 Herschel Galaxies Proto-Spheroids?

We present a backward approach for the interpretation of the evolution of the near-IR and the far-IR luminosity functions (LFs) across the redshift range 0\lt z\lt 3. In our method, late-type galaxies are treated by means of a parametric phenomenological method based on PEP/HerMES data up to z ∼ 4, whereas spheroids are described by means of a physically motivated backward model. The spectral evolution of spheroids is modeled by means of a single-mass model, associated with a present-day elliptical with a K-band luminosity comparable to the break of the local early-type LF. The formation of proto-spheroids is assumed to occurr across the redshift range 1≤slant z≤slant 5. The key parameter is represented by the redshift {{z}0.5} at which half of all proto-spheroids are already formed. For this parameter, a statistical study indicates values between {{z}0.5}=1.5 and {{z}0.5}=3. We assume {{z}0.5}∼ 2 as the fiducial value and show that this assumption allows us to describe accourately the redshift distributions and the source counts. By assuming {{z}0.5}∼ 2 at the far-IR flux limit of the PEP-COSMOS survey, the PEP-selected sources observed at z\gt 2 can be explained as progenitors of local spheroids caught during their formation. We also test the effects of mass downsizing by dividing the spheroids into three populations of different present-day stellar masses. The results obtained in this case confirm the validity of our approach, i.e., that the bulk of proto-spheroids can be modeled by means of a single model that describes the evolution of galaxies at the break of the present-day early-type K-band LF