pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Quantum entaglement and order parameter in a paired finite Fermi system

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We study the pairing correlations in a finite Fermi system from the quantum entanglement point of view. We investigate the relation between the order parameter, which has been introduced recently to describe both finite and infinite superconductors, and the concurrence. For a proper definition of the concurrence, we argue that a possible generalization of the spin flip transformation is a time reversal operation. While for a system with indefinite number of particles concurrence is a good measure of entanglement, for a finite system it does not distinguish between normal and superconducting states. We propose that the expectation value of the radial operator for the total pseudospin can be used to identify entanglement of pairing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Coexistence and optimal control problems for a degenerate predator-prey model

In this paper we present a predator-prey mathematical model for two biological populations which dislike crowding. The model consists of a system of two degenerate parabolic equations with nonlocal terms and drifts. We provide conditions on the system ensuring the periodic coexistence, namely the existence of two non-trivial non-negative periodic solutions representing the densities of the two populations. We assume that the predator species is harvested if its density exceeds a given threshold. A minimization problem for a cost functional associated with this process and with some other significant parameters of the model is also considered. © 2010 Elsevier Inc
Development of new instrumentation for epithermal neutron scattering at very low angles

New perspectives for epithermal neutron spectroscopy are opened up by the recent developments of Resonance Detectors (RD) for inverse geometry time-of-flight spectrometers at pulsed neutron sources. The RD is based on the combination of an analyser foil used as neutron-to-gamma converter and a suitable photon detector. Here, we report on the state of the RD which is based on a YAP scintillator viewing a natural uranium analyser foil. The response of the YAP detector to the radiative capture gamma emission from the uranium analyser foil has been characterized with a bi-parametric measurement of a reference Pb sample, which allowed simultaneous measurements of both neutron time-of-flight and gamma pulse height (energy) spectra. The analysis of the gamma pulse height and neutron time-of-flight spectra permitted to identify the signal and background components. These measurements showed that a significant improvement in the signal-to-background ratio can be achieved by setting a lower level discrimination on the photon energy at about 600 keV. The first application of RD is the Very Low Angle Detector Bank (VLAD) which is planned to be installed in the next three years as an upgrade of the VESUVIO spectrometer, at the ISIS pulsed neutron source. VLAD will extend the (q,omega) kinematical to low wave vector transfers (q < 10 Angstrom(-1)) coupled to high-energy transfers ((h) over bar omega > 1 eV), which is still unexplored by neutron scattering experiments. The first measurements obtained on an ice sample with a VLAD prototype consisting of four RD units are presented here. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Evolution of the universality class in slightly diluted (1 > p > 0.8) Ising systems

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 284.1 (2000): 187-194, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4371(00)00228-4The crossover of a pure (undiluted) Ising system (spin per site probability p = 1) to a diluted Ising system (spin per site probability p < 0.8) is studied by means of Monte Carlo calculations with p ranging between 1 and 0.8 at intervals of 0.025. The evolution of the self-averaging is analyzed by direct determination of the normalized square widths RM and RX as a function of p. We find a monotonous and smooth evolution from the pure to the randomly diluted universality class. The p-dependent transition is found to be indepent of size (L). This property is very convenient for extrapolation towards the randomly diluted universality class avoiding complications resulting from finite size effectsWe acknowledge financial support from CGCyT through grant PB96-003
A network of filaments detected by Herschel in the Serpens core: A laboratory to test simulations of low-mass star formation

Astronomy and Astrophysics 584 (2015): A119 reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © ESOContext. Filaments represent a key structure during the early stages of the star formation process. Simulations show that filamentary structures commonly formed before and during the formation of cores. Aims. The Serpens core is an ideal laboratory for testing the state of the art of simulations of turbulent giant molecular clouds. Methods. We used Herschel observations of the Serpens core to compute temperature and column density maps of the region. We selected the early stages of a recent simulation of star-formation, before stellar feedback was initiated, with similar total mass and physical size as the Serpens core. We also derived temperature and column density maps from the simulations. The observed distribution of column densities of the filaments was analyzed, first including and then masking the cores. The same analysis was performed on the simulations as well. Results. A radial network of filaments was detected in the Serpens core. The analyzed simulation shows a striking morphological resemblance to the observed structures. The column density distribution of simulated filaments without cores shows only a log-normal distribution, while the observed filaments show a power-law tail. The power-law tail becomes evident in the simulation if the focus is only the column density distribution of the cores. In contrast, the observed cores show a flat distribution. Conclusions. Even though the simulated and observed filaments are subjectively similar-looking, we find that they behave in very different ways. The simulated filaments are turbulence-dominated regions; the observed filaments are instead self-gravitating structures that will probably fragment into coresV.R. was partly supported by the DLR grant number 50 OR 1109 and by the Bayerische Gleichstellungsförderung (BGF). This research was partly supported by the Priority Programme 1573 “Physics of the Interstellar Medium” of the German Science Foundation (DFG), the DFG cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe” and by the
Italian Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012 -iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001). C.E. is partly supported by Spanish Grants AYA 2011-26202 and AYA 2014-55840-
Search for supersymmetry in events with photons, bottom quarks, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search has been performed for the experimental signature of an isolated photon with high transverse momentum, at least one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark, and high missing transverse momentum. Such a final state may originate from supersymmetric models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in events in which one of a pair of higgsino-like neutralinos decays into a photon and a gravitino while the other decays into a Higgs boson and a gravitino. The search is performed using the full dataset of 7 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1. A total of 7 candidate events are observed while 7.5 pm 2.2 events are expected from the Standard Model background. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of general gauge mediation to exclude certain regions of a benchmark plane for higgsino-like neutralino production
Measurement of the production cross section of jets in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the production of jets of particles in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV are presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1) collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Inclusive and differential jet cross sections in Z events, with Z decaying into electron or muon pairs, are measured for jets with transverse momentum p(T) > 30 GeV and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 4.4. The results are compared to next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, and to predictions from different Monte Carlo generators based on leading-order and next-to-leading-order matrix elements supplemented by parton showers
Global Vertices and the Noising Paradox

A theoretical and experimental analysis related to the identification of
vertices of unknown shapes is presented. Shapes are seen as real functions of
their closed boundary. Unlike traditional approaches, which see curvature as
the rate of change of the tangent to the curve, an alternative global
perspective of curvature is examined providing insight into the process of
noise-enabled vertex localization. The analysis leads to a paradox, that
certain vertices can be localized better in the presence of noise. The concept
of noising is thus considered and a relevant global method for localizing
"Global Vertices" is investigated. Theoretical analysis reveals that induced
noise can help localizing certain vertices if combined with global descriptors.
Experiments with noise and a comparison to localized methods validate the
theoretical results.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figure
Challenges in food safety as part of food security : lessons learnt on food safety in a globalized world

Food safety should accomplish food and nutrition security. A key challenge to scale up food safety globally is to better leverage existing capacity and research working towards evidence-based decisions. At Ghent University since 2009 an annual 3-months international Intensive Training Program on Food Safety, Quality Assurance and Risk Analysis has been organized (www.itpfoodsafety.UGent.be). The trainees were asked to express their opinion on food safety concerns in their country and to select a case study to work on throughout the course. Main food safety issues had to do with bacterial pathogens, pesticide residues and mycotoxins which were challenged by lack of food safety knowledge and appropriate legislation and enforcement by government. They welcomed education and training on these topics in particular to elaborate on control measures including good hygienic practices, implementation of certified food safety management systems and setting of appropriate criteria. A number of topics are highlighted here in particular as these topics were shown to have a common ground of interest by several participants in several countries and throughout the years. These topics include among others safety of street foods, safe milk and cheese production, and risk assessment to control Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli in meat (and other foods). Although some recurring food safety issues could be identified, other topics are of particular concern in selected countries because of specific cultural appropriate eating habits. The world is changing fast. Problems change and the information stream is very intense. Leaders in food security should be aware about food safety as well, and will have to develop an attitude of continuous learning, critical thinking and be given the right tools("know how") to develop local solutions to address the emerging societal and environmental challenges to provide sufficient, safe, healthy, nutritious and sustainable produced food to the world's population
Study of resonances in 1x25kV AC traction systems

Abstract: AC traction systems are 1x25 or 2x25 kV 50 Hz single-phase, non-linear,
time-varying loads that can cause power quality problems. One of the main concerns
about these systems is voltage distortion because adjustable speed drives for trains may
inject harmonic currents of frequencies below 2 kHz. Since the presence of parallel
resonances in the contact feeder section of the traction circuit worsens the scenario,
traction system resonance phenomena should be analyzed to prevent problems. Several
works address these phenomena but they only draw weak numerical conclusions based on
the frequency scan method. This paper studies 1x25 kV traction system resonances at
pantograph terminals and provides more effective analytical expressions to locate them
and determine the impact of traction system parameters on them. These expressions are
validated from several traction systems in the literature
Broadband and the creative industries in rural Scotland.

The creative industries potentially contribute much to the social and economic viability of rural regions. This paper explores the role that broadband connectivity plays in the development of professional and creative practices. In particular, we explore the extent to which broadband connectivity can reduce the penalty of distance for rural creative practitioners, and equally, how a lack of connectivity impacts upon the development of the rural creative economy. Our findings suggest that access to broadband of at least 2 megabits per second, download speed, had become crucial for those working in the creative sector at the time of the fieldwork (this minimum critical speed is now likely to be faster). A lack of adequate access may have a negative impact upon rural communities through prompting out-migration to areas with better digital connectivity.RCUK Digital Economy programme to the dot.rural Digital Economy Hub (award reference: EP/GO66051/1
Clinical validation of Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection according to the guidelines for HPV test requirements for cervical cancer screening.

BACKGROUND: Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) is a multiplex real-time PCR using tagging oligonucleotide cleavage and extension (TOCE) technology for simultaneous detection and genotyping of 14 high-risk (HR) HPV types, including HPV16 and HPV18.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the clinical performance and reproducibility of Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection meet the international consensus guidelines for HPV test requirements for cervical cancer screening [1].
STUDY DESIGN: The clinical performance of Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was determined relative to that of the reference assay, i.e., HR HPV GP5+/6+-PCR-EIA, by analysis of a total of 879 cervical liquid based cytology (LBC) specimens from a screening population, of which 60 were from women with CIN2+. The intra-laboratory reproducibility and inter-laboratory agreement were determined on 509 LBC samples, of which 172 were positive by the reference assay.
RESULTS: Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection showed a clinical sensitivity for CIN2+ of 98.3% (59/60; 95% CI: 89.1-99.8) and a clinical specificity for CIN2+ of 93.6% (764/816; 95% CI: 89.8-96.1). The clinical sensitivity and specificity were non-inferior to those of HR HPV GP5+/6+-PCR-EIA (non-inferiority score test: P=0.005 and P=0.023, respectively). Both intra-laboratory reproducibility (96.8%; 95% CI: 95.3-98.1; kappa value of 0.93) and inter-laboratory agreement (96.0%; 95% CI: 94.3-97.4; kappa value of 0.91) were high.
CONCLUSIONS: Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection performs clinically non-inferior to HR HPV GP5+/6+-PCR-EIA. Anyplex? II HPV HR Detection complies with international consensus validation metrics for HPV DNA tests for cervical cancer screening [1]
EWS-FLI1 utilizes divergent chromatin remodeling mechanisms to directly activate or repress enhancer elements in Ewing sarcoma.

The aberrant transcription factor EWS-FLI1 drives Ewing sarcoma, but its molecular function is not completely understood. We find that EWS-FLI1 reprograms gene regulatory circuits in Ewing sarcoma by directly inducing or repressing enhancers. At GGAA repeat elements, which lack evolutionary conservation and regulatory potential in other cell types, EWS-FLI1 multimers induce chromatin opening and create de novo enhancers that physically interact with target promoters. Conversely, EWS-FLI1 inactivates conserved enhancers containing canonical ETS motifs by displacing wild-type ETS transcription factors. These divergent chromatin-remodeling patterns repress tumor suppressors and mesenchymal lineage regulators while activating oncogenes and potential therapeutic targets, such as the kinase VRK1. Our findings demonstrate how EWS-FLI1 establishes an oncogenic regulatory program governing both tumor survival and differentiation
Networking Our Way to Better Ecosystem Service Provision

The ecosystem services (EcoS) concept is being used increasingly to attach values to natural systems and the multiple benefits they provide to human societies. Ecosystem processes or functions only become EcoS if they are shown to have social and/or economic value. This should assure an explicit connection between the natural and social sciences, but EcoS approaches have been criticized for retaining little natural science. Preserving the natural, ecological science context within EcoS research is challenging because the multiple disciplines involved have very different traditions and vocabularies (common-language challenge) and span many organizational levels and temporal and spatial scales (scale challenge) that define the relevant interacting entities (interaction challenge). We propose a network-based approach to transcend these discipline challenges and place the natural science context at the heart of EcoS research.The QUINTESSENCE Consortium gratefully acknowledges the support of Départment SPE and Métaprogramme ECOSERV of INRA, and the French ANR projects PEERLESS (ANR-12-AGRO-0006) and AgroBioSE (ANR-13-AGRO-0001).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.00
Green-Schwarz mechanism and α′-deformed Courant brackets

We establish that the unusual two-form gauge transformations needed in the Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism fit naturally into an α′-deformed generalized geometry. The algebra of gauge transformations is a consistent deformation of the Courant bracket and features a nontrivial modification of the diffeomorphism group. This extension of generalized geometry emerged from a ‘doubled α′-geometry’, which provides a construction of exactly gauge and T-duality invariant α′ corrections to the effective action.United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement DE-FG02-05ER-41360)German Science Foundation (Heisenberg Fellowship
Search for high-mass states with one lepton plus missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at  √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W′,W*), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[superscript −1]. No excess beyond standard model expectations is observed. A W′ with sequential standard model couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 1.49 TeV, and a W* (charged chiral boson) for masses below 1.35 TeV.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Characterizations of vertex pancyclic and pancyclic ordinary semicomplete multipartite digraphs

A digraph obtained by replacing each edge of a complete multipartite graph by an arc or a pair of mutually opposite arcs with the same end vertices is called a complete multipartite graph. Such a digraph D is called ordinary if for any pair X, Y of its partite sets the set of arcs with both end vertices in X  Y coincides with X × Y = {(x, y): xX, yY} or Y × X or X × Y  Y × X. We characterize all the pancyclic and vertex pancyclic ordinary complete multipartite graphs. Our charcterizations admit polynomial time algorithms
Fiducial and differential cross sections of Higgs boson production measured in the four-lepton decay channel in pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections of Higgs boson production in the H->ZZ*->4lH->ZZ*->4l decay channel are presented. The cross sections are determined within a fiducial phase space and corrected for detection efficiency and resolution effects. They are based on 20.3 fb -120.3 fb -1 of pp collision data, produced at View the MathML sources=8 TeV centre-of-mass energy at the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The differential measurements are performed in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity of the four-lepton system, the invariant mass of the subleading lepton pair and the decay angle of the leading lepton pair with respect to the beam line in the four-lepton rest frame, as well as the number of jets and the transverse momentum of the leading jet. The measured cross sections are compared to selected theoretical calculations of the Standard Model expectations. No significant deviation from any of the tested predictions is found.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Foraging mode switching: the importance of prey distribution and foraging currency

Foraging methods are highly variable, but can be grouped into two modes: searching and ambush. While research has focused on the functioning of each mode, the question of how animals choose which to use has been largely neglected. Here we consider a forager that exploits prey that are patchily distributed in space and time. This forager can either sit and wait for prey to appear or search for prey, which is more likely to result in encounters with prey but costs more energy and/or exposes the forager to greater predation risk. The currency that natural selection appears to have optimized will be determined by the additional costs of searching and whether there is a risk of starvation. We therefore compare the predictions of models based on currencies that consider only energy and predation risk to state-dependent models in which energy reserves are used to trade off predation rate, starvation rate and investment in growth. The choice of currency qualitatively affects how mode should change when prey abundance and prey patchiness increase. We show how differing prey distributions can explain variation in effects of experimentally increasing prey abundance. Our work has several implications for the study of foraging mode, population dynamics and the methods used to assess population size
Moment boundedness of linear stochastic delay differential equations with distributed delay

AbstractThis paper studies the moment boundedness of solutions of linear stochastic delay differential equations with distributed delay. For a linear stochastic delay differential equation, the first moment stability is known to be identical to that of the corresponding deterministic delay differential equation. However, boundedness of the second moment is complicated and depends on the stochastic terms. In this paper, the characteristic function of the equation is obtained through techniques of the Laplace transform. From the characteristic equation, sufficient conditions for the second moment to be bounded or unbounded are proposed