pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Reactions between cold methyl halide molecules and alkali-metal atoms.

We investigate the potential energy surfaces and activation energies for reactions between methyl\ud
halide molecules CH3X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and alkali-metal atoms A (A = Li, Na, K, Rb) using\ud
high-level ab initio calculations. We examine the anisotropy of each intermolecular potential energy\ud
surface (PES) and the mechanism and energetics of the only available exothermic reaction pathway,\ud
CH3X + A→CH3 + AX. The region of the transition state is explored using two-dimensional PES\ud
cuts and estimates of the activation energies are inferred. Nearly all combinations of methyl halide\ud
and alkali-metal atom have positive barrier heights, indicating that reactions at low temperatures will\ud
be slow
A note on the range of the derivatives of analytic approximations of uniformly continuous functions on co

This paper is a contribution to the body of results concerning the size of the set of derivatives of differentiable functions on a Banach space. The results so far have consisted of examples of highly differentiable bump functions (or functions approximating a given continuous function) whose set of derivatives either is surprisingly small or has a given shape. The paper under review treats the case of analytic smoothness. The main result states that every uniformly continuous function on c0 (more generally on a space with property (K)) can be approximated by a real-analytic function whose set of derivatives is contained in T\ud
p>0 lp. This is a significant step forward, as analytic functions are substantially harder to deal with than C1 smooth ones. Indeed, a local perturbation of an analytic function necessarily changes the values of the function everywhere. Also of particular value is the quite precise and elegant description of the set of derivatives of the\ud
approximating function.\u
Multisensory Integration: Flexible Use of General Operations.

Research into the anatomical substrates and "principles" for integrating inputs from separate sensory surfaces has yielded divergent findings. This suggests that multisensory integration is flexible and context dependent and underlines the need for dynamically adaptive neuronal integration mechanisms. We propose that flexible multisensory integration can be explained by a combination of canonical, population-level integrative operations, such as oscillatory phase resetting and divisive normalization. These canonical operations subsume multisensory integration into a fundamental set of principles as to how the brain integrates all sorts of information, and they are being used proactively and adaptively. We illustrate this proposition by unifying recent findings from different research themes such as timing, behavioral goal, and experience-related differences in integration
Thermodynamics of Rotating Black Branes in Gauss-Bonnet-nonlinear
  Maxwell Gravity

We consider the Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the presence of a new class of
nonlinear electromagnetic field, namely, power Maxwell invariant. By use of a
suitable transformation, we obtain a class of real rotating solutions with $k$
rotation parameters and investigate some properties of the solutions such as
existence of singularity(ies) and asymptotic behavior of them. Also, we
calculate the finite action, thermodynamic and conserved quantities of the
solutions and using the the Smarr-type formula to check the first law of
thermodynamics.Comment: 15 page
Root Fernando-Kac subalgebras of finite type

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra and $M$ be a
$\mathfrak{g}$-module. The Fernando-Kac subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ associated
to $M$ is the subset $\mathfrak{g}[M]\subset\mathfrak{g}$ of all elements
$g\in\mathfrak{g}$ which act locally finitely on $M$. A subalgebra
$\mathfrak{l}\subset\mathfrak{g}$ for which there exists an irreducible module
$M$ with $\mathfrak{g}[M]=\mathfrak{l}$ is called a Fernando-Kac subalgebra of
$\mathfrak{g}$. A Fernando-Kac subalgebra of $\mathfrak{g}$ is of finite type
if in addition $M$ can be chosen to have finite Jordan-H\"older
$\mathfrak{l}$-multiplicities. Under the assumption that $\mathfrak{g}$ is
simple, I. Penkov has conjectured an explicit combinatorial criterion
describing all Fernando-Kac subalgebras of finite type which contain a Cartan
subalgebra. In the present paper we prove this conjecture for $\mathfrak{g}\neq
E_8$
A Kronecker-Weyl theorem for subsets of abelian groups

Let N be the set of non-negative integer numbers, T the circle group and c
the cardinality of the continuum. Given an abelian group G of size at most 2^c
and a countable family F of infinite subsets of G, we construct "Baire many"
monomorphisms p: G --> T^c such that p(E) is dense in {y in T^c : ny=0}
whenever n in N, E in F, nE={0} and {x in E: mx=g} is finite for all g in G and
m such that n=mk for some k in N--{1}. We apply this result to obtain an
algebraic description of countable potentially dense subsets of abelian groups,
thereby making a significant progress towards a solution of a problem of Markov
going back to 1944. A particular case of our result yields a positive answer to
a problem of Tkachenko and Yaschenko. Applications to group actions and
discrete flows on T^c, diophantine approximation, Bohr topologies and Bohr
compactifications are also provided
Interplay between Stellar Spirals and the ISM in Galactic Disks

We propose a new dynamical picture of galactic stellar and gas spirals, based
on hydrodynamic simulations in a `live' stellar disk. We focus especially on
spiral structures excited in a isolated galactic disk without a stellar bar.
Using high-resolution, 3-dimensional N-body/SPH simulations, we found that the
spiral features of the gas in galactic disks are formed by essentially
different mechanisms from the galactic shock in stellar density waves. The
stellar spiral arms and the interstellar matter on average corotate in a
galactic potential at any radii. Unlike the stream motions in the galactic
shock, the interstellar matter flows into the local potential minima with
irregular motions. The flows converge to form dense gas clouds/filaments near
the bottom of the stellar spirals, whose global structures resemble dust-lanes
seen in late-type spiral galaxies. The stellar arms are non-steady; they are
wound and stretched by the galactic shear, and thus local densities of the arm
change on a time scale of ~ 100 Myrs, due to bifurcating or merging with other
arms. This makes the gas spirals associated with the stellar arms non-steady.
The association of dense gas clouds are eventually dissolved into inter-arm
regions with non-cirucular motions. Star clusters are formed from the cold,
dense gases, whose ages are less than ~30 Myrs, and they are roughly associated
with the background stellar arms without a clear spatial offset between gas
spiral arms and distribution of young stars.Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted by ApJ. Higher resolution of ms.pdf is
  available at http://d.pr/Nvjk A targzipped Supplementary movies is available
  at http://d.pr/TV6
FRII radio galaxies with z<0.3 -- II. Beaming and unification

In a previous paper we presented measurements of the properties of jets and
cores in a large sample of FRII radio galaxies with z<0.3. Here we test, by
means of Monte Carlo simulations, the consistency of those data with models in
which the prominences of cores and jets are determined by relativistic beaming.
We conclude that relativistic beaming is needed to explain the relationships
between core and jet prominences, and that speeds between 0.5 and 0.7c on kpc
scales provide the best fits to the data.Comment: To appear in MNRAS. Uses mn.sty. 13 pages, 6 figure
Direct CP Violation in Untagged B-Meson Decays

Direct CP violation can exist in untagged, neutral B-meson decays to certain
self-conjugate, hadronic final states. It can occur if the resonances which
appear therein permit the identification of distinct, CP-conjugate states -- in
analogy to stereochemistry, we term such states ``CP-enantiomers.'' These
states permit the construction of a CP-odd amplitude combination in the
untagged decay rate, which is non-zero if direct CP violation is present. The
decay B\to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0, containing the distinct CP-conjugate states \rho^+
\pi^- and \rho^- \pi^+, provides one such example of a CP-enantiomeric pair. We
illustrate the possibilities in various multi-particle final states.Comment: 8 pages, ReVTeX 4.
Fluctuations and Deconfinement Phase Transition in Nucleus-Nucleus
  Collisions

We propose a method to experimentally study the equation of state of strongly
interacting matter created at the early stage of nucleus--nucleus collisions.
The method exploits the relation between relative entropy and energy
fluctuations and equation of state. As a measurable quantity, the ratio of
properly filtered multiplicity to energy fluctuations is proposed. Within a
statistical approach to the early stage of nucleus-nucleus collisions, the
fluctuation ratio manifests a non--monotonic collision energy dependence with a
maximum in the domain where the onset of deconfinement occurs.Comment: revised version to be published in Phys. Lett.
Nonsymmetric Generalized Jacobi Petrov-Galerkin Algorithms for Third-
  and Fifth-Order two Point Boundary Value Problems

Two families of certain nonsymmetric generalized Jacobi polynomials with
negative integer indexes are used for solving third- and fifth-order two point
boundary value problems subject to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous boundary
conditions using a dual Petrov-Galerkin method. The key idea behind our method
is to use trial functions satisfying the underlying boundary conditions of the
differential equations and the test functions satisfying the dual boundary
conditions.The method leads to linear systems with specially structured
matrices that can be efficiently inverted. The use of generalized Jacobi
polynomials leads to simplified analysis, very efficient numerical algorithms.
Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed
algorithms
CERN to Gran Sasso: An ideal distance for superbeam?

We use the CP trajectory diagram as a tool for pictorial representation of the genuine CP and the matter effects to explore the possibility of an in situ simultaneous measurement of \delta and the sign of \Delta m^2_{13}. We end up with a low-energy conventional superbeam experiment with a megaton-class water Cherenkov detector and baseline length of about 700 km. A picturesque description of the combined ambiguity which may arise in simultaneous determination of \theta_{13} and the above two quantities is given in terms of CP trajectory diagram
Brane-Antibrane Interaction under Tachyon Condensation

The interaction within a parallel brane-antibrane is investigated by regarding the brane-antibrane pair as a configuration of kink-antikink which corresponding to a tachyon condensed state. In a tachyon effective field theory of non-BPS brane we expand the Lagrangian to the quadratic order in the off-diagonal fluctuation and then use the zeta-function regularization and Schwinger perturbative formula to evaluate the brane-antibrane interaction. The result shows that brane and anti-brane has attractive force and is unstable at zero temperature. Especially, we also evaluate the free energy at finite temperature and determine the critical temperature at which the brane-antibrane system become stable
Addendum to Supersymmetric Dyonic Black Holes in Kaluza-Klein Theory

We complete the study of 4-dimensional (4-d), static, spherically symmetric,
supersymmetric black holes (BH's) in Abelian $(4+n)$-d Kaluza-Klein theory, by
showing that for such solutions $n$ electric charges $\vec{\cal Q} \equiv
(Q_1,...,Q_n)$ and $n$ magnetic charges $\vec{\cal P} \equiv (P_1,...,P_n)$ are
subject to the constraint $\vec{\cal P}\cdot \vec{\cal Q}=0$. All such
solutions can be obtained by performing the SO(n) rotations, which do not
affect the 4-d space-time metric and the volume of the internal space, on the
supersymmetric $U(1)_M\times U(1)_E$ BH's, {\it i.e.}, supersymmetric BH's with
a diagonal internal metric.Comment: 4 pages, uses RevTe
Overdamping Phenomena near the Critical Point in O($N$) Model

We consider the dynamic critical behavior of the propagating mode for the
order parameter fluctuation of the O($N$) Ginzburg-Landau theory, involving the
canonical momentum as a degree of freedom. We reexamine the renormalization
group analysis of the Langevin equation for the propagating mode. We find the
fixed point for the propagating mode as well as that for the diffusive one, the
former of which is unstable to the latter. This indicates that the propagating
mode becomes overdamped near the critical point. We thus can have a sufficient
understanding of the phonon mode in the structural phase transition of solids.
We also discuss the implication for the chiral phase transition.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure;v3 modification for correcting a misleading
  description, conclusion unchange
Microflow of fluorescently labelled red blood cells in tumours expressing single isoforms of VEGF and their response to vascular targeting agents

In this work we studied the functional differences between the microcirculation of murine tumours that express only single isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF), namely VEGF120 and VEGF188, and the effect of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase (VEGF-R TK) inhibition on their functional response to the vascular disrupting agent, combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4-P), using measurement of red blood cell (RBC) velocity by a 'keyhole' tracking algorithm. RBC velocities in VEGF188 tumours were unaffected by chronic treatment with a VEGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU5416, whereas RBC velocities in VEGF120 tumours were significantly increased compared to control VEGF120 tumours. This effect was accompanied by a reduced tumour vascularisation. Pre-treatment of VEGF120 tumours with SU5416 made them much more resistant to CA-4-P treatment, with a RBC velocity response that was very similar to that of the more mature vasculature of the VEGF188 tumours. This study shows that vascular normalisation following anti-angiogenic treatment with a VEGF-R tyrosine kinase inhibitor reduced the response of a previously sensitive tumour line to CA-4-P
Are z>2 Herschel galaxies proto-spheroids?

We present a backward approach for the interpretation of the evolution of the
near-infrared and the far-infrared luminosity functions across the redshift
range 0<z<3. In our method, late-type galaxies are treated by means of a
parametric phenomenological method based on PEP/HerMES data up to z~4, whereas
spheroids are described by means of a physically motivated backward model. The
spectral evolution of spheroids is modelled by means of a single-mass model,
associated to a present-day elliptical with K-band luminosity comparable to the
break of the local early-type luminosity function. The formation of
proto-spheroids is assumed to occurr across the redshift range 1< z < 5. The
key parameter is represented by the redshift z_0.5 at which half
proto-spheroids are already formed. A statistical study indicates for this
parameter values between z_0.5=1.5 and z_0.5=3. We assume as fiducial value
z_0.5~2, and show that this assumption allows us to describe accourately the
redshift distributions and the source counts. By assuming z_0.5 ~ 2 at the
far-IR flux limit of the PEP-COSMOS survey, the PEP-selected sources observed
at z>2 can be explained as progenitors of local spheroids caught during their
formation. We also test the effects of mass downsizing by dividing the
spheroids into three populations of different present-day stellar masses. The
results obtained in this case confirm the validity of our approach, i.e. that
the bulk of proto-spheroids can be modelled by means of a single model which
describes the evolution of galaxies at the break of the present-day early type
K-band LF.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 26 pages; 13 figure
Extension of the Poincar\'e group with half-integer spin generators:
  hypergravity and beyond

An extension of the Poincar\'e group with half-integer spin generators is
explicitly constructed. We start discussing the case of three spacetime
dimensions, and as an application, it is shown that hypergravity can be
formulated so as to incorporate this structure as its local gauge symmetry.
Since the algebra admits a nontrivial Casimir operator, the theory can be
described in terms of gauge fields associated to the extension of the
Poincar\'e group with a Chern-Simons action. The algebra is also shown to admit
an infinite-dimensional non-linear extension, that in the case of fermionic
spin-$3/2$ generators, corresponds to a subset of a contraction of two copies
of WB$_2$. Finally, we show how the Poincar\'e group can be extended with
half-integer spin generators for $d\geq3$ dimensions.Comment: 12 pages, no figures. Matches published versio
Resonant Absorption of Transverse Oscillations and Associated Heating in
  a Solar Prominence. II- Numerical aspects

Transverse magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are ubiquitous in the solar
atmosphere and may be responsible for generating the Sun's million-degree outer
atmosphere. However, direct evidence of the dissipation process and heating
from these waves remains elusive. Through advanced numerical simulations
combined with appropriate forward modeling of a prominence flux tube, we
provide the observational signatures of transverse MHD waves in prominence
plasmas. We show that these signatures are characterized by thread-like
substructure, strong transverse dynamical coherence, an out-of-phase difference
between plane-of-the-sky motions and LOS velocities, and enhanced line
broadening and heating around most of the flux tube. A complex combination
between resonant absorption and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities (KHI) takes
place in which the KHI extracts the energy from the resonant layer and
dissipates it through vortices and current sheets, which rapidly degenerate
into turbulence. An inward enlargement of the boundary is produced in which the
turbulent flows conserve the characteristic dynamics from the resonance,
therefore guaranteeing detectability of the resonance imprints. We show that
the features described in the accompanying paper (Okamoto et al. 2015) through
coordinated Hinode and IRIS observations match well the numerical results.Comment: This is part 2 of a series of 2 papers. Part 1 corresponds to Okamoto
  et al. (2015, accepted). 36 Pages (single column), 10 figures. Accepted for
  publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Evolution and Flare Activity of Delta-Sunspots in Cycle 23

The emergence and magnetic evolution of solar active regions (ARs) of
beta-gamma-delta type, which are known to be highly flare-productive, were
studied with the SOHO/MDI data in Cycle 23. We selected 31 ARs that can be
observed from their birth phase, as unbiased samples for our study. From the
analysis of the magnetic topology (twist and writhe), we obtained the following
results. i) Emerging beta-gamma-delta ARs can be classified into three
topological types as "quasi-beta", "writhed" and "top-to-top". ii) Among them,
the "writhed" and "top-to-top" types tend to show high flare activity. iii) As
the signs of twist and writhe agree with each other in most cases of the
"writhed" type (12 cases out of 13), we propose a magnetic model in which the
emerging flux regions in a beta-gamma-delta AR are not separated but united as
a single structure below the solar surface. iv) Almost all the "writhed"-type
ARs have downward knotted structures in the mid portion of the magnetic flux
tube. This, we believe, is the essential property of beta-gamma-delta ARs. v)
The flare activity of beta-gamma-delta ARs is highly correlated not only with
the sunspot area but also with the magnetic complexity. vi) We suggest that
there is a possible scaling-law between the flare index and the maximum umbral
area
Compact AC Susceptometer for Fast Sample Characterization down to 0.1 K

We report a new design of an AC magnetic susceptometer compatible with the
Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS) by Quantum Design, as well as
with its adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator option. With the elaborate
compact design, the susceptometer allows simple and quick sample mounting
process. The high performance of the susceptometer down to 0.1 K is
demonstrated using several superconducting and magnetic materials. This
susceptometer provides a method to quickly investigate qualities of a large
number of samples in the wide temperature range between 0.1 and 300 K.Comment: 6 pages (4 pages + 2-page appendix), 10 figure
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor c-Met Instructs T Cell Cardiotropism and Promotes T Cell Migration to the Heart via Autocrine Chemokine Release.

Â© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. \ud
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Effector-T-cell-mediated immunity depends on the efficient localization of antigen-primed lymphocytes to antigen-rich non-lymphoid tissue, which is facilitated by the expression of a unique set of "homing" receptors acquired by memory T cells. We report that engagement of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met by heart-produced HGF during priming in the lymph nodes instructs T cell cardiotropism, which was associated with a specialized homing "signature" (c-Met(+)CCR4(+)CXCR3(+)). c-Met signals facilitated T cell recruitment to the heart via the chemokine receptor CCR5 by inducing autocrine CCR5 ligand release. c-Met triggering was sufficient to support cardiotropic T cell recirculation, while CCR4 and CXCR3 sustained recruitment during heart inflammation. Transient pharmacological blockade of c-Met during T cell priming led to enhanced survival of heart, but not skin, allografts associated with impaired localization of alloreactive T cells to heart grafts. These findings suggest c-Met as a target for development of organ-selective immunosuppressive therapies
Joy, Schadenfreude, Sorrow, and Resentment as Responses Restoring Balance in Cognitive Units

Based on Heider’s (1958) balance theory we hypothesize that emotional responses to other persons’ outcomes depend on attitudes towards these persons.  Positive attitudes towards others lead to empathic responses to their outcomes– joy after a success and sorrow after a failure.  Negative attitudes result in paradoxical responses – negative to a success (resentment) and positive to a failure (schadenfreude).  These emotions function as responses restoring balance within cognitive units consisting of the perceiver, other persons and their outcomes.  Three studies supported these hypotheses and showed that deservingness considerations play a weaker role in shaping emotional responses of joy and sorrow to others’ outcomes when strong interpersonal attitudes are involved.  However, deservingness plays an independent role in shaping the emotional response of resentment