pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
First complementary observations by ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar

Experimental results are presented from ionospheric tomography, the EISCAT Svalbard radar and the CUTLASS HF radar. Tomographic measurements on 10 October 1996, showing a narrow, field-aligned enhancement in electron density in the post-noon sector of the dayside auroral zone, are related to a temporal increase in the plasma concentration observed by the incoherent scatter radar in the region where the HF radar indicated a low velocity sunwards convection. The results demonstrate the complementary nature of these three instruments for polar-cap ionospheric studies.The research has been supported\ud
by the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council.\ud
CUTLASS is a UK national facility funded by PPARC.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Spatially explicit integrated modeling and economic valuation of climate driven land use change and its indirect effects

We present an integrated model of the direct consequences of climate change on land use, and the indirect effects of induced land use change upon the natural environment. The model predicts climate-driven shifts in the profitability of alternative uses of agricultural land. Both the direct impact of climate change and the induced shift in land use patterns will cause secondary effects on the water environment, for which agriculture is the major source of diffuse pollution. We model the impact of changes in such pollution on riverine ecosystems showing that these will be spatially heterogeneous. Moreover, we consider further knock-on effects upon the recreational benefits derived from water environments, which we assess using revealed preference methods. This analysis permits a multi-layered examination of the economic consequences of climate change, assessing the sequence of impacts from climate change through farm gross margins, land use, water quality and recreation, both at the individual and catchment scale
Construction of a $^3$He magnetic force microscope with a vector magnet

We constructed a $^3$He magnetic force microscope operating at the base
temperature of 300 mK under a vector magnetic field of 2-2-9 T in the $x-y-z$
direction. Fiber optic interferometry as a detection scheme is employed in
which two home-built fiber walkers are used for the alignment between the
cantilever and the optical fiber. The noise level of the laser interferometer
is close to its thermodynamic limit. The capabilities of the sub-Kelvin and
vector field are demonstrated by imaging the coexistence of magnetism and
superconductivity in a ferromagnetic superconductor (ErNi$_2$B$_2$C) at $T$=500
mK and by probing a dipole shape of a single Abrikosov vortex with an in-plane
tip magnetization
Nearby supernova host galaxies from the CALIFA Survey: II. SN
  environmental metallicity

The metallicity of a supernova (SN) progenitor, together with its mass, is
one of the main parameters that rules their outcome. We present a metallicity
study of 115 nearby SN host galaxies (0.005<z<0.03) which hosted 142 SNe using
Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) from the CALIFA survey. Using O3N2 we found
no statistically significant differences between the gas-phase metallicities at
the locations of the three main SN types (Ia, Ib/c and II) all having
~8.50$\pm$0.02 dex. The total galaxy metallicities are also very similar and we
argue that this is because our sample consists only of SNe discovered in
massive galaxies (log(M/Msun)>10 dex) by targeted searches. We also found no
evidence that the metallicity at the SN location differs from the average
metallicity at the GCD of the SNe. By extending our SN sample with published
metallicities at the SN location, we studied the metallicity distributions for
all SN subtypes split into SN discovered in targeted and untargeted searches.
We confirm a bias toward higher host masses and metallicities in the targeted
searches. Combining data from targeted and untargeted searches we found a
sequence from higher to lower local metallicity: SN Ia, Ic, and II show the
highest metallicity, which is significantly higher than SN Ib, IIb, and Ic-BL.
Our results support the picture of SN Ib resulting from binary progenitors and,
at least part of, SN Ic being the result of single massive stars stripped of
their outer layers by metallicity driven winds. We studied several proxies of
the local metallicity frequently used in the literature and found that the
total host metallicity allows for the estimation of the metallicity at the SN
location with an accuracy better than 0.08 dex and very small bias. In
addition, weak AGNs not seen in total spectra may only weakly bias (by 0.04
dex) the metallicity estimate from integrated spectra. (abridged)Comment: 24 pages, 16 Figures, 13 Tables, Accepted in A&
Constraining new physics with collider measurements of Standard Model
  signatures

A new method providing general consistency constraints for
Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) theories, using measurements at particle
colliders, is presented. The method, `Constraints On New Theories Using Rivet',
Contur, exploits the fact that particle-level differential measurements made in
fiducial regions of phase-space have a high degree of model-independence. These
measurements can therefore be compared to BSM physics implemented in Monte
Carlo generators in a very generic way, allowing a wider array of final states
to be considered than is typically the case. The Contur approach should be seen
as complementary to the discovery potential of direct searches, being designed
to eliminate inconsistent BSM proposals in a context where many (but perhaps
not all) measurements are consistent with the Standard Model. We demonstrate,
using a competitive simplified dark matter model, the power of this approach.
The Contur method is highly scaleable to other models and future measurements.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. Author accepted manuscript (JHEP). Accepted on
  23/Feb/17. Deposited on 06/Mar/17: Replaced 23/May/18 to fix bug in treatment
  of W and Z branching ratio
Fragmentation of massive dense cores down to <~ 1000 AU: relation between fragmentation and density structure

In order to shed light on the main physical processes controlling fragmentation of massive dense cores, we present a uniform study of the density structure of 19 massive dense cores, selected to be at similar evolutionary stages, for which their relative fragmentation level was assessed in a previous work. We inferred the density structure of the 19 cores through a simultaneous fit of the radial intensity profiles at 450 and 850 μm (or 1.2 mm in two cases) and the spectral energy distribution, assuming spherical symmetry and that the density and temperature of the cores decrease with radius following power-laws. Even though the estimated fragmentation level is strictly speaking a lower limit, its relative value is significant and several trends could be explored with our data. We find a weak (inverse) trend of fragmentation level and density power-law index, with steeper density profiles tending to show lower fragmentation, and vice versa. In addition, we find a trend of fragmentation increasing with density within a given radius, which arises from a combination of flat density profile and high central density and is consistent with Jeans fragmentation. We considered the effects of rotational-to-gravitational energy ratio, non-thermal velocity dispersion, and turbulence mode on the density structure of the cores, and found that compressive turbulence seems to yield higher central densities. Finally, a possible explanation for the origin of cores with concentrated density profiles, which are the cores showing no fragmentation, could be related with a strong magnetic field, consistent with the outcome of radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations
Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

A search for long-lived particles is performed using a data sample of 4.7 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy. root s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the estimated background and lower limits, at 95% confidence level, are set on the mass of the long-lived particles in different scenarios, based on their possible interactions in the inner detector, the calorimeters and the muon spectrometer. Long-lived staus in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models are excluded up to a mass of 300 GeV for tan beta = 5-20. Directly produced long-lived sleptons are excluded up to a mass of 278 GeV. R-hadrons, composites of gluino (stop, sbottom) and light quarks, are excluded up to a mass of 985 GeV (683 GeV, 612 GeV) when using a generic interaction model. Additionally two sets of limits on R-hadrons are obtained that are less sensitive to the interaction model for R-hadrons. One set of limits is obtained using only the inner detector and calorimeter observables, and a second set of limits is obtained based on the inner detector alone
Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran: Lessons and ‘‘Lessons Learned’’ from Three Large EarthquakeDisasters—Tabas 1978, Rudbar 1990, and Bam 2003

This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and "Lessons Learned" from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become "Lessons Learned" and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and "Lessons Learned" from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam, and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework-an earthquake culture.This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://​creativecommons.​org/​licenses/​by/​4.​0/​), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were mad
Finite approximations to coherent choice

This paper studies and bounds the effects of approximating loss functions and
credal sets on choice functions, under very weak assumptions. In particular,
the credal set is assumed to be neither convex nor closed. The main result is
that the effects of approximation can be bounded, although in general,
approximation of the credal set may not always be practically possible. In case
of pairwise choice, I demonstrate how the situation can be improved by showing
that only approximations of the extreme points of the closure of the convex
hull of the credal set need to be taken into account, as expected.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, 2 table
Effect of thermal inhomogeneity for THz radiation from intrinsic
  Josephson junction stacks of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$

Terahertz radiation from the mesa structures of
Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ is detected in samples with thin electrodes
$< 100$ nm. In samples with thick electrodes $\simeq$ 400 nm, neither
radiations nor voltage jumps in current-voltage characteristics are detected.
This suggests that the thin electrode helps excite the Josephson plasma
oscillation as a result of the poor heat flow through the electrode. The
shielding effect by the electrode is not essential. We consider that the local
temperature rise is the origin of the synchronization of the phase kink for
terahertz radiation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Diffusion par un milieu stratifié air/neige/mer glacée. Modèle des faibles pentes

International audienceThe sea-ice thickness, a key parameter in Arctic studies, is derived from radar altimeter height measurements of the freeboard, taking into account not only snow load, but also the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves inside the snow—this is the not generally the case. Within the framework of the small slope approximation method, we study in Ku-band (f = 13 GHz, λ = 2.31 cm in the air) the electromagnetic signature of an air/snow/sea ice rough layered medium. The snow is inhomogeneous and is represented as a stack of several layers with different relative permittivities. We show that the electromagnetic response is very sensitive to the isotropy factor of the air/snow interface and to the cross-correlation parameters of interfacesL'épaisseur des glaces de mer est un paramètre clé pour l'étude du fonctionnement de la zone arctique. Cette grandeur est obtenue à l'aide de mesures faites depuis un altimètre radar spatial du bord franc de la banquise. Mais ceci suppose que non seulement la charge de neige qui recouvre la glace de mer, mais aussi la distance de pénétration de l'onde dans le milieu soient connues, ce qui n'est en général pas le cas. Dans ce contexte, nous étudions à l'aide de la méthode des faibles pentes la signature radar en bande Ku (f = 13 GHz, λ = 2.31 cm dans l'air) d'une mer gelée enneigée sous la forme d'une configuration air/neige/glace/mer. La couche de neige est inhomogène et représentée comme un empilement de plusieurs couches ayant des permittivités relatives différentes. Nous mettons en évidence l'influence combinée sur la signature radar du facteur d'isotropie de l'interface air/neige et des facteurs de corrélation entre les différentes interfaces
GLACE survey: OSIRIS/GTC tuneable filter Hα imaging of the rich          galaxy cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 at z = 0.395
 : 
I. Survey presentation, TF data reduction techniques, and            catalogue

International audienceThe cores of clusters at 0 ≲              z ≲ 1 are dominated by quiescent early-type          galaxies, whereas the field is dominated by star-forming late-type galaxies. Clusters grow          through the accretion of galaxies and groups from the surrounding field, which implies          that galaxy properties, notably the star formation ability, are altered as they fall into          overdense regions. The critical issues for understanding this evolution are how the          truncation of star formation is connected to the morphological transformation and what          physical mechanism is responsible for these changes. The GaLAxy Cluster Evolution Survey          (GLACE) is conducting a thorough study of the variations in galaxy properties (star          formation, AGN activity, and morphology) as a function of environment in a representative          and well-studied sample of clusters. To address these questions, the GLACE survey is          making a deep panoramic survey of emission line galaxies (ELG), mapping a set of optical          lines ([O ii], [O iii], Hβ andHα/[N ii] when possible) in several galaxy          clusters at z ~            0.40, 0.63, and 0.86. Using the tunable filters (TF) of the OSIRIS          instrument at the 10.4 m GTC telescope, the GLACE survey applies the technique of TF          tomography: for each line, a set of images are taken through the OSIRIS TF, each image          tuned at a different wavelength (equally spaced), to cover a rest frame velocity range of          several thousand km s-1 centred on the mean cluster redshift, and scanned for          the full TF field of view of an 8 arcmin diameter. Here we present the first results of          the GLACE project, targeting the Hα/[N ii] lines in the          intermediate-redshift cluster ZwCl 0024.0+1652 at z = 0.395. Two pointings          have been performed that cover ~2 × rvir. We discuss the specific techniques          devised to process the TF tomography observations in order to generate the catalogue of          cluster Hα          emitters, which contains more than 200 sources down to a star formation rate            (SFR) ≲1 M⊙/yr. An          ancillary broadband catalogue is constructed, allowing us to discriminate line interlopers          by means of colour diagnostics. The final catalogue contains 174 unique cluster sources.          The AGN population is distinguished using different diagnostics and found to be            ~37% of the ELG          population. The median SFR of the star-forming population is 1.4 M⊙/yr. We          studied the spatial distribution of ELG and confirm the existence of two components in the          redshift space. Finally, we exploited the outstanding spectral resolution of the TF,          attempting to estimate the cluster mass from ELG dynamics, finding M200 = (4.1 ± 0.2) × 1014 M⊙            h-1, in agreement with previous weak-lensing estimates
Safety of prasugrel in real-world patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: 1-year results from a prospective observational study (Bleeding and Myocardial Infarction Study).

International audienceAntiplatelet therapies, including prasugrel, are a cornerstone in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but are associated with a bleeding risk. This risk has been evaluated in randomized trials, but few data on real-world patients are available. To evaluate prasugrel safety in real-world patients with STEMI. Consecutive patients with STEMI were recruited over 1 year. Follow-up was done at 3 months and 1 year to evaluate prasugrel safety from hospital discharge to the STEMI anniversary date. The primary outcome was occurrence of any major bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 definitions, or minor bleeding according to the BARC 2 definition. Overall, 1083 patients were recruited. Compared to patients treated with aspirin+clopidogrel, patients treated with aspirin+prasugrel had fewer BARC 3 or 5 bleedings (two [0.4%] patients vs. nine [1.8%] patients; P=0.04), but more BARC 2 bleedings (45 [9.3%] patients vs. 20 [4.0%] patients; P<0.001). The baseline characteristics of prasugrel- and clopidogrel-treated patients differed because the former were carefully selected (younger, higher body mass index, less frequent history of stroke). In the overall population, rates of in-hospital and out-of-hospital major bleeding were 2.6% (n=28) and 1.3% (n=13), respectively. The rate of major bleeding, particularly out-of-hospital bleeding, in patients treated with prasugrel is low within 1 year after a STEMI. Accurate selection of patient candidates for prasugrel is likely to have reduced the risk of bleeding
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV in events with a single lepton, large jet multiplicity, and multiple b jets

Results are reported from a search for supersymmetry in pppp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, based on events with a single isolated lepton (electron or muon) and multiple jets, at least two of which are identified as b jets. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb−1recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The search is motivated by supersymmetric models that involve strong-production processes and cascade decays of new particles. The resulting final states contain multiple jets as well as missing transverse momentum from weakly interacting particles. The event yields, observed across several kinematic regions, are consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric scenarios with pair production of gluinos, where each gluino decays to a top quark–antiquark pair and the lightest neutralino. For the case of decays via virtual top squarks, gluinos with a mass smaller than 1.26 TeV are excluded for low neutralino masses
Programming Robosoccer agents by modeling human behavior

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal, 36, 2 (2009) DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2007.12.033The Robosoccer simulator is a challenging environment for artificial intelligence, where a human has to program a team of agents and introduce it into a soccer virtual environment. Most usually, Robosoccer agents are programmed by hand. In some cases, agents make use of Machine learning (ML) to adapt and predict the behavior of the opposite team, but the bulk of the agent has been preprogrammed. The main aim of this paper is to transform Robosoccer into an interactive game and let a human control a Robosoccer agent. Then ML techniques can be used to model his/her behavior from training instances generated during the play. This model will be used later to control a Robosoccer agent, thus imitating the human behavior. We have focused our research on low-level behavior, like looking for the ball, conducting the ball towards the goal, or scoring in the presence of opponent players. Results have shown that indeed, Robosoccer agents can be controlled by programs that model human play
Observation of Z production in proton-lead collisions at LHCb

The first observation of Z boson production in proton-lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per proton-nucleon pair of root(s) N N = 5TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb(-1) collected with the LHCb detector. The Z candidates are reconstructed from pairs of oppositely charged muons with pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5 and transverse momenta above 20 GeV/c. The invariant dimuon mass is restricted to the range 60-120 GeV/c. The Z production cross-section is measured to be sigma(Z ->mu+mu-) (fwd) = 13.5(-4.0)(+5.4)(stat.) +/- 1.2(syst.) nb in the direction of the proton beam and sigma(Z ->mu+mu-) (bwd) = 10.7(-5.1)(+8.4)(stat.) +/- 1.0(syst.) nb in the direction of the lead beam, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic
Morphology and optical properties of Mg and Sr doped CaF 2 nanocrystals

Magnesium (Mg) and Strontium (Sr) doped Calcium fluoride nanocrystals were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The cubic structure of the samples was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. The average crystallite size of Mg doped samples was found to be ~ 25 nm whereas in Sr doped one it was ~ 35 nm. The morphological features revealed that the nanocrystals were agglomerated, crispy and porous. The as-prepared samples showed the presence of hydroxyl groups. The optical absorption spectrum of as-prepared Mg doped samples showed a strong absorption band peaked at ~ 233 nm whereas the Sr doped one showed a prominent absorption peak at 248 nm. A strong PL emission was observed at ~ 300 nm in Mg doped samples. However, the Sr doped samples showed two prominent emissions at ~ 345 and 615 n