pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Learning for Parallel Virtual Urban Workshop: An Innovate Method for Teaching Planning

Since 2012 a Parallel Virtual Urban Workshop (PVW) has been developed at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning (School of Architecture of Madrid, UPM). It was created by a group of professors in the framework of the Postgraduate Program. In 2014 this project became a consolidated Group of Educational Innovation called Urban Net-Working Workshop supported by the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UNWW-UPM). The initial targets of this workshop were: (i) improving international cooperation among academic institutions based on a virtual network, (ii) the implementation of a quasi-professional practice approach on urban regeneration projects and (iii) the development of a comprehensive methodology to manage complex urban issues in diverse urban contexts. Up until today, there have been five workshops: in 2012, a joint workshop between UPM (Madrid) and MIT (Boston); in 2013 and 2014, a collaborative workshop between UPM (Madrid) and UCL (London); in 2015, between UPM (Madrid) and KNG (London); currently, a parallel workshop is in progress between UPM (Madrid) and AF (Zagreb). Even though, every edition of the Urban Parallel Workshop has been rather unique, it can be asserted that initial targets have been overcome throughout successive workshops. ITCs and digitals tools have been gradually incorporated
Interatomic Coulombic decay in helium nanodroplets

Interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) is induced in helium (He) nanodroplets by
photoexciting the n=2 excited state of He^+ using XUV synchrotron radiation. By
recording multiple coincidence electron and ion images we find that ICD occurs
in various locations at the droplet surface, inside the surface region, or in
the droplet interior. ICD at the surface gives rise to energetic He^+ ions as
previously observed for free He dimers. ICD deeper inside leads to the ejection
of slow He^+ ions due to Coulomb explosion delayed by elastic collisions with
neighboring He atoms, and to the formation of He_k^+ complexes
Does Intergenerational Educational Mobility Shape the Well-Being of Young Europeans? Evidence from the European Social Survey

Using pooled European Social Survey data (Rounds 4–7, 2008–2014), we investigate the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and subjective well-being (SWB) for young Europeans (N = 16,050 individuals aged 25–34 from 18 countries). Previous research has been struggling with inconclusive results due to the methodological challenge of disentangling the independent (i.e., ‘net’) effect of social mobility over and above the effects of social origin and destination. We contribute to this line of research by contrasting mobility effects estimated in a conventional linear regression framework with net mobility effects estimated by (non-linear) diagonal mobility models (DMM). We show how model selection influences estimates of mobility effects and how different specifications lead to radically different findings. Using DMM, we estimate how intergenerational educational mobility affects the SWB of young Europeans, differentiating between downward and upward mobility and different country groups. Our results suggest that status loss/gain across generations affects young adults’ SWB in addition to the level-effect of ending up in a lower/higher status position only in Continental Europe
Temperature and doping dependence of spin relaxation in n-InAs

<p>We have used time-resolved spectroscopy to measure the relaxation of spin polarizations in the narrow gap semiconductor material <i>n</i>-InAs as a function of temperature, doping, and pump wavelength. The results are consistent with the D'Yakonov-Perel mechanism for temperatures between 77 and 300 K. However, the data suggest that electron-electron scattering should be taken into account in determining the dependence of the spin lifetime on the carrier concentration in the range 5.2×10<sup>16–</sup>8.8×10<sup>17</sup>  cm<sup>–3</sup>. For a sample with doping of 1.22×10<sup>17</sup>  cm<sup>–3</sup> the spin lifetime was 24 ps at room temperature. By applying a magnetic field in the sample plane we also observed coherent precession of the spins in the time domain, with a <i>g>/i> factor <i>g</i><sup>*</sup>=–13, also at room temperature.</p
Graph-based pattern identification from architecture change logs

Service-based architectures have become commonplace, creating the need to address their systematic maintenance and evolution. We investigate architecture change representation, primarily focusing on the identification of change patterns that support the potential reuse of common changes in architecture-centric evolution for service software. We propose to exploit architecture change logs - capturing traces of sequential changes - to identify patterns of change that occur over time. The changes in the log are formalised as a typed attributed graph that allows us to apply frequent sub-graph mining approaches to identify potentially reusable, usage-determined change patterns. We propose to foster the reuse of routine evolution tasks to allow an architect to follow a systematic, reuse-centered approach to architectural change execution
Mechanical strength and microestructure evolution of fly ash cement mortar submerged in pig slurry

This paper studies the behaviour of mechanical strength and porosity of mortars made with three types of cement with different fly ash content. The trials were carried out under real conditions with natural pig slurry. The three mortars were submerged at depths of 1 and 3 m in slurry in an experimental lagoon. Control samples were situated in the open air in the natural environment. The total duration of the experiment was 24 months. The variation in the flexural and compressive strength in the specimens was checked at 3, 12 and 24 months by carrying out standardised tests. An increase in flexural and compressive strength in all cements was noted in the two submerged environments, which is explained as a result of a decrease of pore size produced in the external part of specimens
Definition of a labelling code for the noise emitted by machines

It has been increasingly realised that traditional parameters, such as A-weighted sound levels, sound power and noise spectra in octaves or third octaves are not enough to describe a sound and that machine labels should show more subjective information about the emitted noise. A new labelling system based on empirical data is proposed. The methodology of the study used as the basis for the proposal is explained, as well as the objective and subjective characteristics to be included in the new label. The uses and applications of the label are discussed briefly
Fracture Toughness and Strength of Al2O3-Y3Al5O12 and Al2O3-Y3Al5O12-ZrO2 Directionally-Solidified Eutetic Oxides up to 1900K

Ceramics rods of binary (Al2O3–Y3Al5O12) and ternary (Al2O3–Y3Al5O12–ZrO2) eutectic ceramic oxides were grown in air and nitrogen using the laser-heated floating zone method. Both materials presented a fine and homogeneous microstructure, free from defects, with an average interlamellar spacing of 1.1 and 0.7 _mfor the binary and ternary eutectics, respectively. The strength and the toughness of the rods were measured from ambient temperature up to 1900K by three-point bending. For the fracture tests, a sharp notch was introduced in the rods using a femto second-pulsed laser. Samples grown in nitrogen presented higher strength than those grown in air. The mechanical properties of the Al2O3–YAG binary eutectic did not change with a temperature up to 1500–1600K and plastic deformation above this temperature led to a slight reduction in strength and an increase in toughness. In the case of the ternary eutectic, the toughening effect of the thermal residual stresses disappeared at high temperature and the toughness decreased by a factor of two at 1473 K. The behavior of the ternary eutectic above this temperature followed the trends of the binary one although the changes in strength and toughness were much larger because of the smaller domain size (which favored diffusion-assisted plastic flow) and the lower eutectic temperature
Factors Influencing Mechanical Properties and Bruise Susceptibility of Apples and Pears

Fruit turgidity and firmness have been shown to influence impact bruise susceptibility in apples and pears. Analysis of impact response showed that stresses in the tissues were higher in turgid fruit, so they were more susceptible to bruising. Turgidity changes seemed to be the cause of the lower susceptibility of fruits to damage after storage.\ud
The physical parameter "deformation at skin puncture" was shown to indicate fruit turgidity changes and was found to be related to bruise susceptibility. The influence of fruit turgidity was greater than that of firmness. Fruits picked early were less susceptible to bruising than those picked late
Environmental assay on the effect of poultry manure application on soil organisms in agroecosystems

This paper reports the effects produced on the organisms of the soil (plants, invertebrates and microorganisms), after the application of two types of poultry manure (sawdust and straw bed) on an agricultural land. The test was made using a terrestrial microcosm, Multi-Species Soil System (MS3) developed in INIA. There was no difference in the germination for any of the three species of plants considered in the study. The biomass was increased in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) coming from ground treated with both kinds of poultry manure. Oilseed rape (Brasica rapa) was not affected and regarding vetch (Vicia sativa) only straw poultry manure showed significant difference. For length only Vicia sativa was affected showing a reduction when straw was exposed to poultry manure. When the effect on invertebrates was studied, we observed a reduction in the number of worms during the test, especially from the ground control (13.7%), higher than in the ground with sawdust poultry manure (6.7%), whereas in the ground with straw poultry manure, there was no reduction. The biomass was affected and at the end of the test it was observed that while the reduction of worms in the ground control was about 48%, the number of those that were in the ground with sawdust poultry manure or straw poultry manure decreased by 41% and 22% respectively. Finally, the effects on microorganisms showed that the enzymatic activities: dehydrogenase (DH) and phosphatase and basal respiration rate increased at the beginning of the test, and the differences were statistically significant compared with the values of the control group. During the test, all these parameters decreased (except DH activities) but they were always higher than in the ground control. This is why it is possible to deduce that the contribution of poultry manure caused an improvement in the conditions of fertilization and also for the soil
Automatic motion compensation of free breathing acquired myocardial perfusion data by using independent component analysis

Images acquired during free breathing using first-pass gadolinium-enhanced myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exhibit a quasiperiodic motion pattern that needs to be compensated for if a further automatic analysis of the perfusion is to be executed. In this work, we present a method to compensate this movement by combining independent component analysis (ICA) and image registration: First, we use ICA and a time?frequency analysis to identify the motion and separate it from the intensity change induced by the contrast agent. Then, synthetic reference images are created by recombining all the independent components but the one related to the motion. Therefore, the resulting image series does not exhibit motion and its images have intensities similar to those of their original counterparts. Motion compensation is then achieved by using a multi-pass image registration procedure. We tested our method on 39 image series acquired from 13 patients, covering the basal, mid and apical areas of the left heart ventricle and consisting of 58 perfusion images each. We validated our method by comparing manually tracked intensity profiles of the myocardial sections to automatically generated ones before and after registration of 13 patient data sets (39 distinct slices). We compared linear, non-linear, and combined ICA based registration approaches and previously published motion compensation schemes. Considering run-time and accuracy, a two-step ICA based motion compensation scheme that first optimizes a translation and then for non-linear transformation performed best and achieves registration of the whole series in 32 ± 12 s on a recent workstation. The proposed scheme improves the Pearsons correlation coefficient between manually and automatically obtained time?intensity curves from .84 ± .19 before registration to .96 ± .06 after registratio
Estimating the Income Reporting Function for the Self-Employed

There is considerable interest in measuring the underground economy using microeconomic data.  One such method estimates income under-reporting by households by assuming a known, parametric form of the Engel curve and making the further parametric assumption that households under-report their income by a constant fraction, independent of income.  This paper proposes a nonparametric approach which avoids functional form restrictions and enables the reporting function to vary across income levels and household characteristics.  I illustrate by estimating the effect of the Canadian Goods and Services Tax on income under-reporting.
Mechanical properties of rolled A356 based composites reinforced by Cu-coated bimodal ceramic particles

Three kinds of A356 based composites reinforced with 3 wt.% Al2O3 (average particle size: 170 lm), 3wt.%SiC(average particle size:15lm), and 3 wt.% of mixed Al2O3–SiC powders (a novel composite with equal weights of reinforcement) were fabricated in this study via a two-step approach. This first process step was semi-solid stir casting, which was followed by rolling as the second process step. Electroless deposition of a copper coating onto the reinforcement was used to improve the wettability of the ceramic particles by the molten A356 alloy. From microstructural characterization, it was found that coarse alumina particles were most effective as obstacles for grain growth during solidification. The rolling process broke the otherwise present fine silicon platelets, which were mostly present around the Al2O3 particles. The rolling process was also found to cause fracture of silicon particles, improve the distribution of fine SiC particles, and eliminate porosity remaining after the first casting process step. Examination of the mechanical properties of the obtained composites revealed that samples which contained a bimodal ceramic reinforecment of fine SiC and coarse Al2O3 particles had the highest
A Short-Term Sublethal In Situ Sediment Assay with Chironomus riparius Based on Postexposure Feeding

A short-term, sublethal, and cost-effective in situ sediment toxicity assay for routine assessments with the midge Chironomus riparius Meigen, based on postexposure feeding, was developed and evaluated. An inexpensive and easy-to-use assay chamber was designed. A sediment toxicity assay was successfully performed at a lentic system impacted by acid mine drainage, at sites with different types of sediment. It consisted of a 48-h exposure period followed by a 1-h postexposure feeding during which the larvae were fed on Artemia franciscana nauplii. Methodologies for feeding quantification of fourth-instar larvae (10-d old) were first developed and optimized under laboratory conditions. A. franciscana nauplii were shown to be more suited than fish flake food for postexposure feeding quantification, allowing higher precision and cost-effectiveness. It also required a shorter postexposure feeding period, thus minimizing the chances for an eventual organism physiological recovery from toxicant exposure. The influence of several environmental conditions during exposure on postexposure feeding was also evaluated: temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, hardness, substrate, humic acids, light, and food availability. Only temperature was found to significantly influence postexposure feeding rates; exposure at 5°C led to reduced feeding activity compared to 30°C. Recovery rates of 87% were obtained after the 48-h field exposure at all sites (except site R2). A statistically significant postexposure feeding depression was observed at the three sites impacted by acid mine drainage. Therefore, the proposed short-term in situ assay is a potentially useful tool to assess sediment sublethal toxicity on a routine basis.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-004-0060-
An interlacing theorem for matrices whose graph is a given tree

Abstract  Let A and B be (nn)-matrices. For an index set S ? {1, …, n}, denote by A(S) the principal submatrix that lies in the rows and columns indexed by S. Denote by S' the complement of S and define ?(A, B) =  $$\mathop \sum \limits_S $$ det A(S) det B(S'), where the summation is over all subsets of {1, …, n} and, by convention, det A(Ø) = det B(Ø) = 1. C. R. Johnson conjectured that if A and B are Hermitian and A is positive semidefinite, then the polynomial ?(?A,-B) has only real roots. G. Rublein and R. B. Bapat proved that this is true for n ? 3. Bapat also proved this result for any n with the condition that both A and B are tridiagonal. In this paper, we generalize some little-known results concerning the characteristic polynomials and adjacency matrices of trees to matrices whose graph is a given tree and prove the conjecture for any n under the additional assumption that both A and B are matrices whose graph is a tree.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10958-006-0394-
Strategies of Pomatoschistus minutus and Pomatoschistus microps to cope with environmental instability

The populations of Pomatoschistus minutus and Pomatoschistus microps were studied from June 2003 to May 2006 in the Mondego estuary, in order to understand the ability of these species to withstand environmental variability. During this period a severe drought occurred (2005), with consequent lower freshwater runoff and higher salinity incursion into the estuary. Occasional abnormal high water temperatures were observed in 2003 and 2005. The fish populations were sampled monthly along an estuarine gradient, from which population density, structure, growth and biomass production was assessed. Pomatoschistus minutus distributed mainly at the most saline downstream area, while P. microps distributed within the whole estuary, in accordance to the salinity and temperature tolerances for the species. A clear decrease in density and production was observed for P. minutus  in the dry year, with non-expressive recruitments and the quick disappearance of the parental cohort. For P. microps, the decrease was not so pronounced. No direct effects were attributable to the salinity and temperatures variations (resulting from the drought and high temperatures). Yet, higher predation pressure on P. minutus  hypothesis was raised, as the salinity incursion increased the piscivorous marine adventitious species in the downstream areas. Pomatoschistus microps benefited from a wider temperature and salinity range tolerance, allowing the species to occupy different areas in the estuary and by this seemed better able to cope with the environmental conditionings during the 3-year studied periodhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.04.01
Synthesis of superheavy elements: Uncertainty analysis to improve the predictive power of reaction models

13 pages, 13 figures, submitted for publication in PRCInternational audienceBackground: Synthesis of super-heavy elements is performed by heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. However , fusion is known to be hindered with respect to what can be observed with lighter ions. Thus some delicate ambiguities remain on the fusion mechanism that eventually lead to severe discrepancies in the calculated formation probabilities coming from different fusion models. Purpose: In the present work, we propose a general framework based upon uncertainty analysis in the hope of constraining fusion models. Method: To quantify uncertainty associated with the formation probability, we propose to propagate uncertainties in data and parameters using the Monte-Carlo method in combination with a cascade code called KEWPIE2, with the aim of determining the associated uncertainty, namely the 95% confidence interval. We also investigate the impact of different models or options, which cannot be modeled by continuous probability distributions, on the final results. An illustrative example is presented in detail and then a systematic study is carried out for a selected set of cold-fusion reactions. Results: It has been rigorously shown that, at the 95% confidence level, the total uncertainty of the empirical formation probability appears comparable to the discrepancy between calculated values. Conclusions: The results obtained from the present study provide a direct evidence for predictive limitations of the existing fusion-evaporation models. It is thus necessary to find other ways to assess such models for the purpose of establishing a more reliable reaction theory, which is expected to guide future experiments on the production of super-heavy elements
An investigation into the sample preparation procedure and analysis of cyanoacrylate adhesives using capillary electrophoresis

In this study, the trace acid profile of cyanoacrylate adhesives was studied using capillary electrophoresis. Liquid–liquid extraction was employed as the sample preparation step before separation by capillary electrophoresis. The solubility of the adhesives was investigated using various organic solvents, e.g. hexane and dichloromethane, and chloroform was determined to be the optimum solvent as it enabled the full dissolution of the adhesive. A comprehensive stability study was performed over a 3-year period and results indicate that the adhesives were stable for 2 years after which their stability and performance degraded
The importance of the intensity and frequency of perturbations on the germination delay

An iterative model is developed to evaluate the reproductive strategies of plants in environments with different frequencies and intensities of disturbance. Two extreme reproductive strategies are compared: the ‘‘homocarpic’’ strategy, in which all the seeds germinate the following spring, without dormancy, and the ‘‘heterocarpic’’ strategy, whereby, each year, half of the existing seeds germinate. It is observed that this sort of heterocarpy is beneficial in environments with strong perturbations, in which a high percentage of the population dies. However, the frequency of such perturbations does not cause changes in the advantage of one strategy over the other. The results suggest that the intensity of the disturbance is much more important than the frequency