pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
What do patent examiner inserted citations indicate for a region with low absorptive capacity?

13 pages, 3 tablesMost studies of patents citations focus on national or international contexts, especially contexts of high absorptive capacity, and employ examiner citations. We argue that results can vary if we take the region as the context of analysis, especially if it is a region with low absorptive capacity, and if we study applicant\ud
citations and examiner-inserted citations separately. Using a sample from the Valencian Community (Spain), we conclude that (i) the use of examiner-inserted citations as a proxy for applicant citations, (ii) the interpretation of non-patent references as indicators of science-industry links, and (iii) the traditional\ud
results for geographical localization are not generalizable to all regions with low absorptive capacity.Thanks are to the Valencian R&D Consultancy\ud
Council for funding the research on which the study relies.Peer reviewe
Survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - cytotoxic agents compared to corticosteroids

Study objective: To compare the survival of patients with IPF treated retrospectively with corticosteroids atone, to survival of patients treated with immunosuppressive and corticosteroids combined. Design: Non-randomized retrospective cohort study.Setting: Three tertiary centers in Brazil.Patients: Eighty-two IPF patients were included. the diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopsy in 48. Patients received either corticosteroids alone (group 1) or cytotoxic agents in addition to corticosteroids (group 11).Measurements and results: the primary end-point was mortality. Secondary outcome included longitudinal changes in FVC. Mean age was 66+8 years. FVC was 71 +/- 17% of predicted. There were 48 deaths during the study period (59%), 44 secondary to respiratory causes. From preliminary univariate analysis, for the group as a whole, worse survival was found to be associated with FVC% < 70% of predicted (P = 0.004), evidence of disease progression by follow-up FVC measurements (P = 0.01), and pharmacologic treatment (P = 0.014). Median survival was 25 months for the group 1, and 45 months for the group 11 (Log-Rank = 6.45, P = 0.01). After adjusting for FVC >= 70% and < 70% of predicted, there was evidence to indicate that survival was associated with recommended pharmacologic treatment only in patients with FVC >= 70% (Log Rank = 6.84, P = 0.009).Conclusions: the combination of immunosuppressive agents and prednisone results in better survival when compared to prednisone alone in patients with IPF the benefit seems to occur only in patients with less severe disease, as reflected by FVC >= 70%. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pulmonol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04082001 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pulmonol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04082001 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Modeling deformation  rates in the Western Gulf of Corinth: rheological constraints

The Gulf of Corinth is one of the most active extensional regions in the Mediterranean area characterized by a high rate of seismicity. However, there are still open questions concerning the role and the geometry of the numerous active faults bordering the basin, as well as the mechanisms governing the seismicity. In this paper, we use a 2-D plane strain finite element analysis to constrain the upper crust rheology by modelling the available deformation data (GPS and geomorphology). We consider a SSW–NNE cross-section of the rift cutting the main active normal faults (Aigion, West Eliki and Off-Shore faults). The models run for 650 Kyr assuming an elasto-viscoplastic rheology and 1.3 cm yr−1 horizontal extension as boundary condition (resulting from GPS data). We model the horizontal and vertical deformation rates and the accumulation of plastic strain at depth, and we compare them with GPS data, with long term uplift rates inferred from geomorphology and with the distribution of seismicity, respectively. Our modelling results demonstrate that dislocation on high-angle normal faults in a plastic crustal layer plays a key role in explaining the extremely localized strain within the Gulf of Corinth. Conversely, the contribution of structures such as the antithetic Trizonia fault or the buried hypothetical subhorizontal discontinuity are not necessary to model observed data
On the power of deep pushdown stacks

The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/y46h6501746506p0/fulltext.pdfInspired by recent work of Meduna on deep pushdown automata, we consider the computational power of a class of basic program schemes, NPSDSs, based around assignments, while-loops and  non-deterministic guessing but with access\ud
to a deep pushdown stack which, apart from having the usual push and pop instructions, also has deep-push instructions which allow elements to be pushed to stack locations deep within the stack. We syntactically define sub-classes of NPSDSs by restricting the occurrences of pops, pushes and deep-pushes and capture the complexity classes NP and PSPACE. Furthermore, we show that all problems accepted by program schemes of NPSDSs are in EXPTIME.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft
Rich internet application for semi-automatic annotation of semantic shots on keyframes

This paper describes a system developed for the semiautomatic annotation of keyframes in a broadcasting company. The tool aims at assisting archivists who traditionally label every keyframe manually by suggesting them an automatic annotation that they can intuitively edit and validate. The system is valid for any domain as it uses generic MPEG-7 visual descriptors and binary SVM classifiers. The classification engine has been tested on the multiclass problem of semantic shot detection, a type of metadata used in the company to index new content ingested in the system. The detection performance has been tested in two different domains: soccer and parliament. The core engine is accessed by a Rich Internet Application via a web service. The graphical user interface allows the edition of the suggested labels with an intuitive drag and drop mechanism between rows of thumbnails, each row representing a different semantic shot class. The system has been described as complete and easy to use by the professional archivists at the companyPostprint (published version
Emergence of non-twisted magnetic fields in the Sun : jets and atmospheric response

The authors acknowledge support by the EU (IEF-272549 grant) and the Royal Society. The present research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) – Research Funding Program: Thales. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund. This research has also been carried out in the frame of the research program of the RCAAM of the Academy of Athens and has been co-financed by the Program “IKY Scholarships” of the Greek national funds through the Operational Program Education and Lifelong Learning of the NSRF through the European Social Fund of ESPA 2007-2013. Finally, the work reported in this article was additionally supported by the SOLARNET project, funded by the European Commisions FP7 Capacities Program, under the Grant Agreement 312495. The simulations were performed on the STFC and SRIF funded UKMHD cluster, at the University of St Andrews.Aims. We study the emergence of a non-twisted flux tube from the solar interior into the solar atmosphere. We investigate whether the length of the buoyant part of the flux tube (i.e. λ) affects the emergence of the field and the dynamics of the evolving magnetic flux system. Methods. We perform three-dimensional (3D), time-dependent, resistive, compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations using the Lare3D code. Results. We find that there are considerable differences in the dynamics of the emergence of a magnetic flux tube when λ is varied. In the solar interior, for larger values of λ, the rising magnetic field emerges faster and expands more due to its lower magnetic tension. As a result, its field strength decreases and its emergence above the photosphere occurs later than in the smaller λ case. However, in both cases, the emerging field at the photosphere becomes unstable in two places, forming two magnetic bipoles that interact dynamically during the evolution of the system. Most of the dynamic phenomena occur at the current layer, which is formed at the interface between the interacting bipoles. We find the formation and ejection of plasmoids, the onset of successive jets from the interface, and the impulsive heating of the plasma in the solar atmosphere. We discuss the triggering mechanism of the jets and the atmospheric response to the emergence of magnetic flux in the two cases.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Buildings behaving badly:A behavioral experiment on how different motivational frames influence residential energy label adoption in the Netherlands

Heating buildings contributes to approximately 36% of Europe’s energy demand and several EU member states have adopted mandatory energy labels to improve energy efficiency by promoting home weatherization investments. This paper focuses on the perception of the energy label for residential buildings in the Netherlands and the role of different frames (egoistic, biospheric and social norms and neutral frames) in motivating adoption of energy labels for housing. We used a behavioral email experiment and an online survey to investigate these motivational factors. We find that biospheric frames are weaker than the other three motivational frames in terms of engaging interest in the energy label, but that the biospheric frame results in higher willingness to pay (WTP) for the energy label. We also find that age (rather than income) correlates with higher willingness to pay for home energy labels
The tectonic and metallogenic framework of Myanmar: a Tethyan mineral system

Myanmar is perhaps one of the world's most prospective but least explored minerals jurisdictions, containing important known deposits of tin, tungsten, copper, gold, zinc, lead, nickel, silver, jade and gemstones. A scarcity of recent geological mapping available in published form, coupled with an unfavourable political climate, has resulted in the fact that, although characterized by several world-class deposits, the nation's mineral resource sector is underdeveloped. As well as representing a potential new search space for a range of commodities, many of Myanmar's known existing mineral deposits remain highly prospective. Myanmar lies at a crucial geologic juncture, immediately south of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, however it remains geologically enigmatic. Its Mesozoic-Recent geological history is dominated by several orogenic events representing the closing of the Tethys Ocean. We present new zircon U-Pb age data related to several styles of mineralization within Myanmar. We outline a tectonic model for Myanmar from the Late Cretaceous onwards, and document nine major mineralization styles representing a range of commodities found within the country. We propose a metallogenetic model that places the genesis of many of these metallotects within the framework of the subduction and suturing of Neo-Tethys and the subsequent Himalayan Orogeny. Temporal overlap of favourable conditions for the formation of particular deposit types during orogenic progression permits the genesis of differing metallotects during the same orogenic event. We suggest the evolution of these favourable conditions and resulting genesis of much of Myanmar's mineral deposits, represents a single, evolving, mineral system: the subduction and suturing of Neo-Tethys
Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over
  a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ =
  2.76 TeV

The centrality dependence of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density
measured with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ over a broad
pseudorapidity range is presented. This Letter extends the previous results
reported by ALICE to more peripheral collisions. No strong change of the
charged-particle pseudorapidity density distributions with centrality is
observed, and when normalised to the number of participating nucleons in the
collisions, the evolution over pseudorapidity with centrality is likewise
small. The broad pseudorapidity range allows precise estimates of the total
number of produced charged particles which we find to range from $162\pm22$
(syst.) to $17170\pm770$ (syst.) in 80-90% and 0-5 central collisions,
respectively. The total charged-particle multiplicity is seen to approximately
scale with the number of participating nucleons in the collision. This suggests
that hard contributions to the charged-particle multiplicity are limited. The
results are compared to models which describe
$\mbox{d}N_{\mbox{ch}}/\mbox{d}\eta$ at mid-rapidity in the most central Pb-Pb
collisions and it is found that these models do not capture all features of the
distributions.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, authors from page 16, published
  version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/188
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXIX. HD175607 b,
  the most metal-poor G dwarf with an orbiting sub-Neptune

Context. The presence of a small-mass planet (M$_p<$0.1\,M$_{Jup}$) seems, to
date, not to depend on metallicity, however, theoretical simulations have shown
that stars with subsolar metallicities may be favoured for harbouring smaller
planets. A large, dedicated survey of metal-poor stars with the HARPS
spectrograph has thus been carried out to search for Neptunes and super-Earths.
Aims. In this paper, we present the analysis of \object{HD175607}, an old G6
star with metallicity [Fe/H] = -0.62. We gathered 119 radial velocity
measurements in 110 nights over a time span of more than nine years. Methods.
The radial velocities were analysed using Lomb-Scargle periodograms, a genetic
algorithm, a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis, and a Gaussian processes
analysis. The spectra were also used to derive stellar properties. Several
activity indicators were analysed to study the effect of stellar activity on
the radial velocities. Results. We find evidence for the presence of a small
Neptune-mass planet (M$_{p}\sin i = 8.98\pm1.10$\,M$_{\oplus}$) orbiting this
star with an orbital period $P = 29.01\pm0.02$\, days in a slightly eccentric
orbit ($e=0.11\pm0.08$). The period of this Neptune is close to the estimated
rotational period of the star. However, from a detailed analysis of the radial
velocities together with the stellar activity, we conclude that the best
explanation of the signal is indeed the presence of a planetary companion
rather than stellar related. An additional longer period signal ($P\sim
1400$\,d) is present in the data, for which more measurements are needed to
constrain its nature and its properties. Conclusions. HD\,175607 is the most
metal-poor FGK dwarf with a detected low-mass planet amongst the currently
known planet hosts. This discovery may thus have important consequences for
planet formation and evolution theories.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Deep observation of the NGC1275 region with MAGIC: search of diffuse gamma-ray emission from cosmic rays in the Perseus cluster

Clusters of galaxies are expected to be reservoirs of cosmic rays (CRs) that should produce diffuse γ-ray emission due to their hadronic interactions with the intra-cluster medium. The nearby Perseus cool-core cluster, identified as the most promising target to search for such an emission, has been observed with the MAGIC telescopes at very-high energies (VHE, E ≥ 100 GeV) for a total of 253 hr from 2009 to 2014. The active nuclei of NGC 1275, the central dominant galaxy of the cluster, and IC 310, lying at about 0.6º from the centre, have been detected as point-like VHE γ-ray emitters during the first phase of this campaign. We report an updated measurement of the NGC 1275 spectrum, which is described well by a power law with a photon index Γ = 3.6 ± 0.2_(stat) ± 0.2_(syst) between 90 GeV and 1200 GeV. We do not detect any diffuse γ-ray emission from the cluster and so set stringent constraints on its CR population. To bracket the uncertainties over the CR spatial and spectral distributions, we adopt different spatial templates and power-law spectral indexes α. For α = 2.2, the CR-to-thermal pressure within the cluster virial radius is constrained to be ≤ 1 − 2%, except if CRs can propagate out of the cluster core, generating a flatter radial distribution and releasing the CR-to-thermal pressure constraint to ≤ 20%. Assuming that the observed radio mini-halo of Perseus is generated by secondary electrons from CR hadronic interactions, we can derive lower limits on the central magnetic field, B_(0), that depend on the CR distribution. For α = 2.2, B_(0) ≥ 5 − 8 µG, which is below the ∼25 µG inferred from Faraday rotation measurements, whereas for α ≤ 2.1, the hadronic interpretation of the diffuse radio emission contrasts with our γ-ray flux upper limits independently of the magnetic field strength
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin H149A mutant as a platform for receptor binding studies

Copyright © 2013 The Protein SocietyOpen Access articleClostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (Etx) is a pore-forming toxin responsible for a severe and rapidly fatal enterotoxemia of ruminants. The toxin is classified as a category B bioterrorism agent by the U.S. Government Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), making work with recombinant toxin difficult. To reduce the hazard posed by work with recombinant Etx, we have used a variant of Etx that contains a H149A mutation (Etx-H149A), previously reported to have reduced, but not abolished, toxicity. The three-dimensional structure of H149A prototoxin shows that the H149A mutation in domain III does not affect organisation of the putative receptor binding loops in domain I of the toxin. Surface exposed tyrosine residues in domain I of Etx-H149A (Y16, Y20, Y29, Y30, Y36 and Y196) were mutated to alanine and mutants Y30A and Y196A showed significantly reduced binding to MDCK.2 cells relative to Etx-H149A that correlated with their reduced cytotoxic activity. Thus, our study confirms the role of surface exposed tyrosine residues in domain I of Etx in binding to MDCK cells and the suitability of Etx-H149A for further receptor binding studies. In contrast, binding of all of the tyrosine mutants to ACHN cells was similar to that of Etx-H149A, suggesting that Etx can recognise different cell surface receptors. In support of this, the crystal structure of Etx-H149A identified a glycan (β-octyl-glucoside) binding site in domain III of Etx-H149A, which may be a second receptor binding site. These findings have important implications for developing strategies designed to neutralise toxin activity.Wellcome TrustEuropean Union Marie Curie Networ
Visitor attractions and events: responding to seasonality

Journal ArticleNOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Tourism Management. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Tourism Management, Volume 46, February 2015, Pages 283–298 doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.013Seasonality is a protracted problem for the tourism sector due to the uneven nature of demand and the relatively fixed nature of the supply of capacity and resources, particularly in the attraction sector. Managing the demand and supply at an individual business level poses many challenges for attraction infrastructure that is fixed in time and space and has a finite capacity. This paper explores how attraction managers develop and use special events as a tool to address issues of seasonality at a country level. The results show that: 70% of businesses remained open throughout the year, albeit with reduced opening hours to attract more visitors; 39% of attractions that stay open host special events; the local community is a key source market for special events; the periodicity of events and themes engage visitors most effectively. Business responses to seasonality are a more complex issue than conventional tourism research has recognised. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd
Beyond compulsory schooling: resilience and academic success of immigrant youth

The present study examines the relationship between resilience and school completion of immigrant youth in Spain. Ninety- four students in their fourth year compulsory education participated in the study; they were from 19 different nationalities, between 15 and 18 years of age, and the ratio boys/girls was 55/45. There were no significant differences by gender, age, residence time, or incorporation into the education system. Differences were associated to cultural groups and variables related with academic self-perception. Finally, it was shown that young students that continue their studies beyond obligatory education have higher levels of resilience, as measured by the SV-RES scale. Overall, the findings in this study suggest the activation of the relational dimension of "social capital" in youth, as for example through mentoring or service-learning programs
QGP and clan thermodynamics

Continuing previous work on clan thermodynamics properties we determine the temperature and volume dependence of NB parameter k, which turns out to be related to the clan degrees of freedom. It is shown that the class of events associated with the average number of clans, N, going to one, which we consider as a signature of QGP formation at parton level, can be obtained by a first order phase transition from the class of events with N greater than one. The same conclusion can be achieved by studying the zero properties of the truncated grand canonical partition function
A constructive version of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem for Martin-Lof random points

Improved version of the CiE'10 paper, with the strong form of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem for random pointsInternational audienceA theorem of Kucera states that given a Martin-Löf random infinite binary sequence {\omega} and an effectively open set A of measure less than 1, some tail of {\omega} is not in A. We first prove several results in the same spirit and generalize them via an effective version of a weak form of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem. We then use this result to get a stronger form of it, namely a very general effective version of Birkhoff's ergodic theorem, which improves all the results previously obtained in this direction, in particular those of V'Yugin, Nandakumar and Hoyrup, Rojas