pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
First-Line Afatinib versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Common Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutations and Brain Metastases

AbstractIntroductionMetastatic spread to the brain is common in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but these patients are generally excluded from prospective clinical trials. The studies, phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations (LUX-Lung 3) and a randomized, open-label, phase III study of BIBW 2992 versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with stage IIIB or IV adenocarcinoma of the lung harbouring an EGFR activating mutation (LUX-Lung 6) investigated first-line afatinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutation-positive patients with NSCLC and included patients with brain metastases; prespecified subgroup analyses are assessed in this article.MethodsFor both LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6, prespecified subgroup analyses of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and objective response rate were undertaken in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases at baseline (n = 35 and n = 46, respectively). Post hoc analyses of clinical outcomes was undertaken in the combined data set (n = 81).ResultsIn both studies, there was a trend toward improved PFS with afatinib versus chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases (LUX-Lung 3: 11.1 versus 5.4 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, p = 0.1378; LUX-Lung 6: 8.2 versus 4.7 months, HR = 0.47, p = 0.1060). The magnitude of PFS improvement with afatinib was similar to that observed in patients without brain metastases. In combined analysis, PFS was significantly improved with afatinib versus with chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases (8.2 versus 5.4 months; HR, 0.50; p = 0.0297). Afatinib significantly improved the objective response rate versus chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. Safety findings were consistent with previous reports.ConclusionsThese findings lend support to the clinical activity of afatinib in EGFR mutation–positive patients with NSCLC and asymptomatic brain metastases
Modern Western Historiography and Russian Legal and Judicial Practices of the 18–20th Centuries: Main Research Trends

AbstractThe article is devoted to the current trend of modern Western historiography: the study of the Russian Empire juridical relations. The analysis is made on the materials of the French historical periodicals. Historians try to identify the key principles feeding law practice in the context of a more general change in values of Russian society, overcoming the traditional dichotomy between the theory and practice of law. Key topics and priorities of this research direction show the close relationship between law principles and practices, because the logic of administration often provoke legislative changes, the officials of the Russian / Soviet Empire combine administrative and legal prerogatives and the historical specifics shows a close relationship between institutionally separated political, administrative and legal branches of authorities. Historical researches have also focused on the study of the interaction between institutions and their representatives, various groups of the population who have different objectives, mutual perception and communication
Nearly optimal algorithms for the decomposition of multivariate rational functions and the extended Lüroth Theorem

AbstractThe extended Lüroth Theorem says that if the transcendence degree of K(f1,…,fm)/K is 1 then there exists f∈K(X¯) such that K(f1,…,fm) is equal to K(f). In this paper we show how to compute f with a probabilistic algorithm. We also describe a probabilistic and a deterministic algorithm for the decomposition of multivariate rational functions. The probabilistic algorithms proposed in this paper are softly optimal when n is fixed and d tends to infinity. We also give an indecomposability test based on gcd computations and Newton’s polytope. In the last section, we show that we get a polynomial time algorithm, with a minor modification in the exponential time decomposition algorithm proposed by Gutierez–Rubio–Sevilla in 2001
Search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions from pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter describes a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets) produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model in 3.6 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The distribution of the invariant mass of the two leading jets is examined for local excesses above a data-derived estimate of the smoothly falling prediction of the Standard Model. The data are also compared to a Monte Carlo simulation of Standard Model angular distributions derived from the rapidity of the two jets. No evidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are used to exclude, at 95% CL, quantum black holes with threshold masses below 8.3 TeV, 8.1 TeV, or 5.1 TeV in three different benchmark scenarios; resonance masses below 5.2 TeV for excited quarks, 2.6 TeV in a W′ model, a range of masses starting from mZ′=1.5 TeV and couplings from gq=0.2 in a Z′ model; and contact interactions with a compositeness scale below 12.0 TeV and 17.5 TeV respectively for destructive and constructive interference between the new interaction and QCD processes. These results significantly extend the ATLAS limits obtained from 8 TeV data. Gaussian-shaped contributions to the mass distribution are also excluded if the effective cross-section exceeds values ranging from approximately 50–300 fb for masses below 2 TeV to 2–20 fb for masses above 4 TeV
Toll-like receptor expression in smokers with and without COPD

SummaryIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by non-reversible airflow limitation and systemic engagement. Bacterial colonization in the lungs is common in COPD-patients and may be associated with frequent acute exacerbations. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), like Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and CD14 are expressed on most immunologic active cell types and are most likely of importance in COPD patho-physiology.Material and methodsTwenty smokers with and 20 without COPD and 20 healthy non-smokers participated in the study. At two visits, induced sputum was collected after spirometry, blood was sampled and bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Expression of TLR2, TLR4 and CD14 on different cell types and soluble receptors were assessed in the different compartments.ResultsExpression of TLR2 was lower on sputum neutrophils and soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) was higher in the supernatant in the COPD group, indicating a down regulation of TLR2 at the transit from blood to sputum. Expression of CD14 on sputum neutrophils and gene expression of CD14 on alveolar macrophages was up-regulated in the two smoking groups compared with non-smokers. No differences between the groups were found regarding TLR4 expression.ConclusionsPattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), that are expected to make a first line of defense against invading micro-organisms, are differently regulated in smokers with COPD compared with smokers without airflow limitation and non-smokers. This is likely of importance in COPD patho-physiology, in particular for exacerbations, which often are caused by micro-organisms
Measurement of the doubly-polarized He3→(γ→,n)pp reaction at 16.5 MeV and its implications for the GDH sum rule

AbstractWe report new measurements of the double-polarized photodisintegration of 3He at an incident photon energy of 16.5 MeV, carried out at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility located at Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). The spin-dependent double-differential cross sections and the contribution from the three-body channel to the Gerasimov–Drell–Hearn (GDH) integrand were extracted and compared with the state-of-the-art three-body calculations. The calculations, which include the Coulomb interaction and are in good agreement with the results of previous measurements at 12.8 and 14.7 MeV, deviate from the new cross section results at 16.5 MeV. The GDH integrand was found to be about one standard deviation larger than the maximum value predicted by the theories
Scaling properties of high pT inclusive hadron production

AbstractWe analyze the scaling properties of inclusive hadron production in proton–proton and in heavy ion collisions from fixed target to collider energies. At large transverse momentum pT, the invariant cross section exhibits a power-like behavior Ed3σ/d3p∝pT−n at fixed transverse x, xT=2|p→T|s, and fixed center-of-mass scattering angle θcm. Knowledge of the exponent n allows one to draw conclusions about the production mechanisms of hadrons, which are poorly known, even at high pT. We find that high-pT hadrons are produced by different mechanisms at fixed-target and collider energies. For pions, higher-twist subprocesses where the pion is produced directly dominate at fixed target energy, while leading-twist partonic scattering plus fragmentation is the most important mechanism at collider energies. High-pT baryons on the other hand appear to be produced by higher-twist mechanisms at all available energies. The higher-twist mechanism of direct proton production can be verified experimentally by testing whether high-pT protons are produced as single hadrons without accompanying secondaries. In addition, we find that medium-induced gluon radiation in heavy ion collisions can violate scaling
Search for a narrow, spin-2 resonance decaying to a pair of Z bosons in the qq¯ℓ+ℓ− final state

AbstractResults are presented from a search for a narrow, spin-2 resonance decaying into a pair of Z bosons, with one Z-boson decaying into leptons (e+e− or μ+μ−) and the other into jets. An example of such a resonance is the Kaluza–Klein graviton, GKK, predicted in Randall–Sundrum models. The analysis is based on a 4.9 fb−1 sample of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Kinematic and topological properties including decay angular distributions are used to discriminate between signal and background. No evidence for a resonance is observed, and upper limits on the production cross sections times branching fractions are set. In two models that predict Z-boson spin correlations in graviton decays, graviton masses are excluded lower than a value which varies between 610 and 945 GeV, depending on the model and the strength of the graviton couplings
Sildenafil Potentiates a cGMP-Dependent Pathway to Promote Melanoma Growth

SummarySildenafil, an inhibitor of the cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase 5 that is used to treat erectile dysfunction, has been linked to an increased risk of melanoma. Here, we have examined the potential connection between cGMP-dependent signaling cascades and melanoma growth. Using a combination of biochemical assays and real-time monitoring of melanoma cells, we report a cGMP-dependent growth-promoting pathway in murine and human melanoma cells. We document that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a ligand of the membrane-bound guanylate cyclase B, enhances the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI) in melanoma cells by increasing the intracellular levels of cGMP. Activation of this cGMP pathway promotes melanoma cell growth and migration in a p44/42 MAPK-dependent manner. Sildenafil treatment further increases intracellular cGMP concentrations, potentiating activation of this pathway. Collectively, our data identify this cGMP-cGKI pathway as the link between sildenafil usage and increased melanoma risk
Two-body photodisintegration of 3He between 7 and 16 MeV

AbstractA comprehensive data set is reported for the two-body photodisintegration cross section of 3He using mono-energetic photon beams at eleven energies between 7.0 and 16.0 MeV. A He3+Xe high-pressure gas scintillator served as target and detector. Although our data are in much better agreement with our state-of-the-art theoretical calculations than the majority of the previous data, these calculations underpredict the new data by about 10%. This disagreement suggests an incomplete understanding of the dynamics of the three-nucleon system and its response to electromagnetic probes
Fine-scale monitoring of fish movements and multiple environmental parameters around a decommissioned offshore oil platform: A pilot study in the North Sea

AbstractA new underwater monitoring system was constructed using time-lapse photography and a suite of oceanographic instruments to characterise the dynamic relationships between changing environmental conditions, biological activities and the physical presence of offshore infrastructure. This article reports the results from a pilot study on fine-scale monitoring of fish movements in relation to changes in multiple environmental parameters observed at an offshore oil platform in the North Sea. Temporal changes in the number of saithe Pollachius virens were readily observed with a strong indication of diurnal rhythm of vertical movements. Key environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, currents, tidal cycle, illumination, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen also varied spatially (i.e. different depths) and/or temporally. If the monitoring system is to be deployed systematically at multiple offshore locations for longer duration as appropriately controlled experiments, this approach may greatly help understand the influence of redundant offshore man-made structures on the marine ecosystem
Landau–Ginzburg limit of black holeʼs quantum portrait: Self-similarity and critical exponent

AbstractRecently we have suggested that the microscopic quantum description of a black hole is an overpacked self-sustained Bose-condensate of N weakly-interacting soft gravitons, which obeys the rules of ʼt Hooftʼs large-N physics. In this Letter we derive an effective Landau–Ginzburg Lagrangian for the condensate and show that it becomes an exact description in a semi-classical limit that serves as the black hole analog of ʼt Hooftʼs planar limit. The role of a weakly-coupled Landau–Ginzburg order parameter is played by N. This description consistently reproduces the known properties of black holes in semi-classical limit. Hawking radiation, as the quantum depletion of the condensate, is described by the slow-roll of the field N. In the semi-classical limit, where black holes of arbitrarily small size are allowed, the equation of depletion is self-similar leading to a scaling law for the black hole size with critical exponent 13
Prospective associations between sedentary time, sleep duration and adiposity in adolescents

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate whether objectively measured sedentary time and sleep duration are associated with changes in adiposity from mid- to late adolescence.MethodsStudents (n = 504, 42% boys) were recruited from schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. At baseline (mean age 15.0 ± 0.3 years), sedentary time was objectively measured by ≥3 days of combined heart rate and movement sensing. Concurrently, sleep duration was measured by combined sensing in conjunction with self-reported bed times. Fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2) was estimated at baseline and follow-up (17.5 ± 0.3 years) by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. FMI change (ΔFMI) was calculated by subtracting the baseline from follow-up values. Linear regression models adjusted for basic demographics, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and depressive symptoms were used to investigate associations of sedentary time and sleep duration (mutually adjusted for one another) with ΔFMI.ResultsFMI increased by 0.5 and 0.6 kg/m2 in boys and girls, respectively, but there was no association between sedentary time and ΔFMI in either gender (p ≥ 0.087), and no association between sleep duration and ΔFMI in girls (p ≥ 0.61). In boys, each additional hour of baseline sleep significantly reduced the ΔFMI by 0.13 kg/m2 (p = 0.049), but there was little evidence for this association after adjusting for MVPA and depressive symptoms (p = 0.15).ConclusionsSedentary time may not determine changes in adiposity from mid- to late adolescence, nor may sleep duration in girls. However, sleep length may be inversely associated with adiposity gain in boys, depending on whether the relationship is confounded or mediated by MVPA and depression
Both adiponectin and interleukin-10 inhibit LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

AbstractAdiponectin and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are adipokines that are predominantly secreted by differentiated adipocytes and are involved in energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and the anti-inflammatory response. These two adipokines are reduced in obese subjects, which favors increased activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and leads to elevation of pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, the effects of adiponectin and IL-10 on NF-κB DNA binding activity (NF-κBp50 and NF-κBp65) and proteins involved with the toll-like receptor (TLR-2 and TLR-4) pathway, such as MYD88 and TRAF6 expression, in lipopolysaccharide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes are unknown. Stimulation of lipopolysaccharide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 24h elevated IL-6 levels; activated the NF-κB pathway cascade; increased protein expression of IL-6R, TLR-4, MYD88, and TRAF6; and increased the nuclear activity of NF-κB (p50 and p65) DNA binding. Adiponectin and IL-10 inhibited the elevation of IL-6 levels and activated NF-κB (p50 and p65) DNA binding. Taken together, the present results provide evidence that adiponectin and IL-10 have an important role in the anti-inflammatory response in adipocytes. In addition, inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathways may be an excellent strategy for the treatment of inflammation in obese individuals
Search for new resonances in events with one lepton and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for W′ bosons in events with one lepton (electron or muon) and missing transverse momentum is presented. The search uses 3.2 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at s=13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The transverse mass distribution is examined and no significant excess of events above the level expected from Standard Model processes is observed. Upper limits on the W′ boson cross-section times branching ratio to leptons are set as a function of the W′ mass. Within the Sequential Standard Model W′ masses below 4.07 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. This extends the limit set using LHC data at s=8 TeV by around 800 GeV
Probing “green” industry enterprises in the UK: A new identification approach

AbstractThere is a growing interest in innovation for sustainability and the development of green industries and green jobs. But how can green industries, green manufacturing jobs, and green goods innovation be measured? This paper probes current and recent attempts to define and measure these categories, with a focus on studies in the UK. We review the methods, estimates and trends contained in these studies. While these efforts have value, they also raise significant conceptual and measurement issues. The paper discusses a series of these issues and considers strategies to further refine the categorization and detection of green sector enterprises. A new identification approach is put forward using search term combinations and text mining to discern green goods sector companies. This method is tested through a search of small and medium-size green goods enterprises in the UK. Findings from our search approach are presented, along with a discussion of advantages and limitations
Adipose-derived stem cells from the brown bear (Ursus arctos) spontaneously undergo chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro

AbstractIn the den, hibernating brown bears do not develop tissue atrophy or organ damage, despite almost no physical activity. Mesenchymal stem cells could play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration in brown bears. Our objective was to determine if adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be recovered from wild Scandinavian brown bears and characterize their differentiation potential. Following immobilization of wild brown bears 7–10days after leaving the den in mid-April, adipose tissue biopsies were obtained. ASCs were recovered from 6 bears, and shown to be able to undergo adipogenesis and osteogenesis in monolayer cultures and chondrogenesis in pellet cultures. Remarkably, when grown in standard cell culture medium in monolayer cultures, ASCs from yearlings spontaneously formed bone-like nodules surrounded by cartilaginous deposits, suggesting differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. This ability appears to be lost gradually with age. This is the first study to demonstrate stem cell recovery and growth from brown bears, and it is the first report of ASCs spontaneously forming extracellular matrix characteristic of bone and cartilage in the absence of specific inducers. These findings could have implications for the use of hibernating brown bears as a model to study disuse osteoporosis
The renin–angiotensin system is modulated by swimming training depending on the age of spontaneously hypertensive rats

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of swimming training on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) during the development of hypertensive disease.Main methodsMale spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomized into: sedentary young (SY), trained young (TY), sedentary adult (SA), and trained adult (TA) groups. Swimming was performed 5 times/wk/8wks.Key findingsTrained young and adult rats showed both decreased systolic and mean blood pressure, and bradycardia after the training protocol. The left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was observed only in the TA group (12.7%), but there was no increase on the collagen volume fraction. Regarding the components of the RAS, TY showed lower activity and gene expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) compared to SY. The TA group showed lower activity of circulatory RAS components, such as decreased serum ACE activity and plasma renin activity compared to SA. However, depending on the age, although there were marked differences in the modulation of the RAS by training, both trained groups showed a reduction in circulating angiotensin II levels which may explain the lower blood pressure in both groups after swimming training.SignificanceSwimming training regulates the RAS differently in adult and young SHR rats. Decreased local cardiac RAS may have prevented the LVH exercise-induced in the TY group. Both groups decreased serum angiotensin II content, which may, at least in part, contribute to the lowering blood pressure effect of exercise training