pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Thermal suppression of moving heavy quark pairs in a strongly coupled plasma

The imaginary part of the heavy quark-antiquark potential experienced by moving heavy quarkonia in strongly coupled plasmas dual to theories of gravity is computed by considering thermal worldsheet fluctuations of the holographic Nambu-Goto string. General results for a wide class of gravity duals are presented and an explicit formula for Im V Q Q ¯ $$ {V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$ is found in the case where the axis of the moving Q ¯ Q $$ \overline{Q}Q $$ pair has an arbitrary orientation with respect to its velocity in the plasma. These results are applied to the study of heavy quarkonia propagating through a strongly coupled N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM plasma. Our results indicate that the onset of Im V Q Q ¯ $$ {V}_{Q\overline{Q}} $$ decreases with increasing rapidity (though our analysis is limited to slowly moving quarkonia) and that, in general, a Q Q ¯ $$ Q\overline{Q} $$ pair is more strongly bound if its axis is aligned with its direction of motion through the strongly coupled plasma
Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for top-quark pair production with up to two jets merged with a parton shower

We present differential cross sections for the production of top-quark pairs in conjunction with up to two jets, computed at next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD and consistently merged with a parton shower in the S herpa +O pen L oops framework. Top quark decays including spin correlation effects are taken into account at leading order accuracy. The calculation yields a unified description of top-pair plus multi-jet production, and detailed results are presented for various key observables at the Large Hadron Collider. A large improvement with respect to the multi-jet merging approach at leading order is found for the total transverse energy spectrum, which plays a prominent role in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model
Surfactant-aided exfoliation of molybdenum disulphide for ultrafast pulse generation through edge-state saturable absorption

We use liquid phase exfoliation to produce dispersions of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoflakes in aqueous surfactant solutions. The chemical structures of the bile salt surfactants play a crucial role in the exfoliation and stabilization of MoS2. The resultant MoS2 dispersions are heavily enriched in single and few (<6) layer flakes with large edge to surface area ratio. We use the dispersions to fabricate free-standing polymer composite wideband saturable absorbers to develop mode-locked and Qswitched fibre lasers, tunable from 1535-1565 and 1030-1070 nm, respectively. We attribute this sub-bandgap optical absorption and its nonlinear saturation behaviour to edge-mediated states introduced within the material band-gap of the exfoliated MoS2 nanoflakes.EJRK and TH acknowledge support from the Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.20155230
Control of the chemical structure of perhydrous coals. FTIR and Py-GC/MS investigations

This work analyses a set of perhydrous coals (mainly composed of huminite/vitrinite maceral group) in order to determine the inter-relations between the hydrogen content and the modifications in the coal structure at a molecular level. The study involves the direct solid state characterisation of the coal combined with the analysis of representative fragments of the coal network obtained through flash-pyrolysis. The perhydrous character of the coals is not reflected either in the aliphatic hydrogen concentration (from FTIR data) or by the presence of straight-chain aliphatic moieties in the pyrolysates. This structural study shows that perhydrous coals contain mainly aromatic structures with 1–2 rings and a very small concentration of aromatic rings of large size. In agreement with this, phenol and alkyl phenols are the most prominent degradation products whereas other aromatic compounds (mainly benzene and naphthalene derivatives) are minor and probably evaporative compounds. The major structural elements in the samples studied are simple phenols with a preponderance of substituted para alkyl. The results obtained show that the processes of hydrogen enrichment affect the reactions of aromatisation and condensation. During the natural evolution of the perhydrous coals the transformations of the oxygenated functionalities in the lignin precursor seem to have taken place without the parallel structural reorganisation of the lignin framework responsible for the formation of polycyclic aromatic systems. As a result, the chemical structure of perhydrous vitrinites in coals is substantially modified with respect to that described in ‘normal' coals. The results obtained also indicate that the source of hydrogen content and the effect that it has during the subsequent evolution process of the coals, affects the chemical structure of the perhydrous vitrinite and hence its properties and behaviour.Financial support for this work was provided through a contract with the European Community (No. 7220/EC-769).Peer reviewe
Control of Distal-less expression in the Drosophila appendages by functional 3’ enhancers

42 p., figuras, bibliografíaThe expression of the Hox gene Distal-less (Dll) directs the development of appendages in a wide variety of animals. In Drosophila, its expression is subjected to a complex developmental control. In the present work we have studied a 17 kb genomic region in the Dll locus which lies downstream of the coding sequence and found control elements of primary functional importance for the expression of Dll in the leg and in other tissues. Of particular interest is a control element, which we have called LP, which drives expression of Dll in the leg primordium from early embryonic development, and whose deletion causes severe truncation and malformation of the adult leg. This is the first Distal-less enhancer for which, in addition to the ability to drive expression of a reporter, a role can be demonstrated in the expression of the endogenous Dll gene and in the development of the leg. In addition, our results suggest that some enhancers, contrary to the widely accepted notion, may require a specific 5’ or 3’ position with respect to the transcribed region.This work was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship to JPC (ref. 057730), and a Wellcome Prize PhD studentship to DFG. MIG is a Ramón y Cajal FellowPeer reviewe
Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at root s=8TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H -&gt; WW -&gt; l nu l nu and H -&gt; WW -&gt; l nu qq decay channels using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) collected at root s = 8TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on sigma(H) x BR(H -&gt; WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass m(H) are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to the experimental resolution, one for a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled by the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m(H) = 1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m(H) = 1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200{300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each signal interpretation, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. At m(H) = 1500 GeV, the highest-mass point tested, sigma(H) x BR(H -&gt; WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22 fb and 6.6 fb at 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2016)032</p><p>Funding: We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.</p
Co-evolution, opportunity seeking and institutional change:entrepreneurship and the Indian telecommunications industry, 1923-2009

This paper demonstrates the importance for entrepreneurship of historical contexts and processes, and the co-evolution of institutions, practices, discourses and cultural norms. Drawing on discourse and institutional theories, it develops a model of the entrepreneurial field, and applies this in analysing the rise to global prominence of the Indian telecommunications industry. The article uses entrepreneurial life histories to show how various discourses and discursive processes ultimately worked to generate change and the creation of new business opportunities. It suggests that entrepreneurship involves more than individual acts of business creation, but also implies collective endeavours to shape the future direction of the entrepreneurial field
TRIC-A Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle Contribute to Blood Pressure Maintenance.

小胞体カウンターイオンチャネルTRICチャネルによる血圧調節機構とTRICチャネル遺伝子多型による本態性高血圧リスク. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2011-08-02.TRIC channel subtypes, namely TRIC-A and TRIC-B, are intracellular monovalent cation channels postulated to mediate counter-ion movements facilitating physiological Ca(2+) release from internal stores. Tric-a-knockout mice developed hypertension during the daytime due to enhanced myogenic tone in resistance arteries. There are two Ca(2+) release mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); incidental opening of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) generates local Ca(2+) sparks to induce hyperpolarization, while agonist-induced activation of inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP(3)Rs) evokes global Ca(2+) transients causing contraction. Tric-a gene ablation inhibited RyR-mediated hyperpolarization signaling to stimulate voltage-dependent Ca(2+) influx, and adversely enhanced IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) transients by overloading Ca(2+) stores in VSMCs. Moreover, association analysis identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) around the human TRIC-A gene that increase hypertension risk and restrict the efficiency of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, TRIC-A channels contribute to maintaining blood pressure, while TRIC-A SNPs could provide biomarkers for constitutional diagnosis and personalized medical treatment of essential hypertension
A carbazole–oxadiazole diad molecule for single-emitting-component white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs).

The synthesis is reported of a new molecule consisting of N-phenylcarbazole linked through a butadiyne bridge to 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole. The compound shows blue photoluminescence with positive solvatochromism: e.g., λmax 401 nm in cyclohexane, 461 nm in chloroform solution (quantum yield Φf 0.55) and 428 nm in thin film, with a low intensity band extending to ca. 700 nm in films. OLEDs with a device configuration of [ITO/PEDOT:PSS (50 nm)/molecule:PVK:OXD-7 (80 nm)/Bphen (20 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (120 nm)] were fabricated. Pure white-light emission with Commission Internationale De L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.313, 0.330) at 13 V and good colour stability with a very small offset of coordinates (0.034, 0.033) under biases of 9–15 V has been achieved
A computational study of Si–H bonds as precursors for neutral E' centres in amorphous silica and at the Si/SiO2 interface

Using computational modelling we investigate whether Si–H Bonds can serve as precursors for neutral E′E′ centre formation in amorphous silica and at the Si/SiO2 interface. Classical inter-atomic potentials are used to construct models of a-SiO2 containing Si–H bonds. We then investigate the mechanism of dissociation of a Si–H bond to create a neutral E′E′ defect, that is a 3-coordinated silicon with an unpaired electron localised on it. We show that the Si–H bond is extremely stable, but as a result of hole injection it is significantly weakened and may dissociate, creating a neutral E′E′ centre and a proton attached to one of the nearby oxygen atoms. The proton can diffuse around the E′E′ centre and has a profound effect on the defect levels. We show that at a Si/SiO2 interface, the position of the proton can facilitate electron transfer from the Si substrate onto the defect, making it negatively charged
Molecular beam epitaxy of free-standing wurtzite AlxGa1xN layers

Recent developments with group III nitrides present AlxGa1xN based LEDs as realistic devices for new alternative deep ultra-violet light sources. Because there is a significant difference in the lattice parameters of GaN and AlN, AlxGa1xN substrates would be preferable to either GaN or AlN for ultraviolet device applications. We have studied the growth of free-standing wurtzite AlxGa1xN bulk crystals by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). Thick wurtzite AlxGa1xN films were grown by PA-MBE on 2-in. GaAs (111)B substrates and were removed from the GaAs substrate after growth to provide free standing AlxGa1xN samples. X-ray microanalysis measurements confirm that the AlN fraction is uniform across the wafer and mass spectroscopy measurements show that the composition is also uniform in depth. We have demonstrated that free-standing wurtzite AlxGa1xN wafers can be achieved by PA-MBE for a wide range of AlN fractions. In order to develop a commercially viable process for the growth of wurtzite AlxGa1xN substrates, we have used a novel Riber plasma source and have demonstrated growth rates of GaN up to 1.8 mm/h on 2-in. diameter GaAs and sapphire wafer
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XXXVIII. Bayesian
  re-analysis of three systems. New super-Earths, unconfirmed signals, and
  magnetic cycles

We present the analysis of the entire HARPS observations of three stars that
host planetary systems: HD1461, HD40307, and HD204313. The data set spans eight
years and contains more than 200 nightly averaged velocity measurements for
each star. This means that it is sensitive to both long-period and low-mass
planets and also to the effects induced by stellar activity cycles. We modelled
the data using Keplerian functions that correspond to planetary candidates and
included the short- and long-term effects of magnetic activity. A Bayesian
approach was taken both for the data modelling, which allowed us to include
information from activity proxies such as $\log{(R'_{\rm HK})}$ in the velocity
modelling, and for the model selection, which permitted determining the number
of significant signals in the system. The Bayesian model comparison overcomes
the limitations inherent to the traditional periodogram analysis. We report an
additional super-Earth planet in the HD1461 system. Four out of the six planets
previously reported for HD40307 are confirmed and characterised. We discuss the
remaining two proposed signals. In particular, we show that when the systematic
uncertainty associated with the techniques for estimating model probabilities
are taken into account, the current data are not conclusive concerning the
existence of the habitable-zone candidate HD40307 g. We also fully characterise
the Neptune-mass planet that orbits HD204313 in 34.9 days.Comment: 23 pages + online material, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in
  A&A. Small typos and series numbering correcte
Fine- and hyperfine-structure effects in molecular photoionization: II.
  Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and hyperfine-selective generation
  of molecular cations

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a widely used technique
for studying molecular photoionization and producing molecular cations for
spectroscopy and dynamics studies. Here, we present a model for describing
hyperfine-structure effects in the REMPI process and for predicting hyperfine
populations in molecular ions produced by this method. This model is a
generalization of our model for fine- and hyperfine- structure effects in
one-photon ionization of molecules presented in the preceding companion
article. This generalization is achieved by covering two main aspects: (1)
treatment of the neutral bound-bound transition including hyperfine structure
that makes up the first step of the REMPI process and (2) modification of our
ionization model to account for anisotropic populations resulting from this
first excitation step. Our findings may be used for analyzing results from
experiments with molecular ions produced by REMPI and may serve as a
theoretical background for hyperfine-selective ionization experiments
Quark-Meson Coupling model based upon the Nambu-Jona Lasinio model

The NJL model for the octet baryons, using proper time regularization to
simulate some of the features of confinement, is solved self-consistently in
nuclear matter. This provides an alternative framework to the MIT bag model
which has been used in the quark-meson coupling model. After fitting the
parameters of the model to the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear
matter the model is used to explore the equation of state of pure neutron
matter as well as nuclear matter at densities relevant to heavy ion collisions.
With a view to future studies of high mass neutron stars, the binding of
hyperons is also explored.Comment: 7 pages and 4 figure
Radial velocity variations in the young eruptive star EX Lupi

Context. EX Lup-type objects (EXors) are low-mass pre-main sequence objects characterized by optical and near-infrared outbursts attributed to highly enhanced accretion from the circumstellar disk onto the star.\ud
Aims: The trigger mechanism of EXor outbursts is still debated. One type of theory requires a close (sub)stellar companion that perturbs the inner part of the disk and triggers the onset of the enhanced accretion. Here, we study the radial velocity (RV) variations of EX Lup, the prototype of the EXor class, and test whether they can be related to a close companion.\ud
Methods: We conducted a five-year RV survey, collecting 54 observations with HARPS and FEROS. We analyzed the activity of EX Lup by checking the bisector, the equivalent width of the Ca 8662 Å line, the asymmetry of the Ca II K line, the activity indicator SFEROS, the asymmetry of the cross-correlation function, the line depth ratio of the VI/FeI lines, and the TiO, CaH 2, CaH 3, CaOH, and Halpha indices. We complemented the RV measurements with a 14-day optical/infrared photometric monitoring to look for signatures of activity or varying accretion.\ud
Results: We found that the RV of EX Lup is periodic (P = 7.417 d), with stable period, semi-amplitude (2.2 km s-1), and phase over at least four years of observations. This period is not present in any of the above-mentioned activity indicators. However, the RVs of narrow metallic emission lines suggest the same period, but with an anti-correlating phase. The observed absorption line RVs can be fitted with a Keplerian solution around a 0.6 M&sun; central star with msini = (14.7 ± 0.7) MJup and eccentricity of e = 0.24. Alternatively, we attempted to model the observations with a cold or hot stellar spot as well. We found that in our simple model, the spot parameters needed to reproduce the RV semi-amplitude are in contradiction with the photometric variability, making the spot scenario unlikely.\ud
Conclusions: We qualitatively discuss two possibilities to explain the RV data: a geometry with two accretion columns rotating with the star, and a single accretion flow synchronized with the orbital motion of the hypothetical companion; the second scenario is more consistent with the observed properties of EX Lup. In this scenario, the companion's mass would fall into the brown dwarf desert, which, together with the unusually small separation of 0.06 au would make EX Lup a unique binary system. The companion also has interesting implications on the physical mechanisms responsible for triggering the outburst
The origin of asymmetry : early polarisation of the Drosophila germline cyst and oocyte.

The anterior-posterior axis of Drosophila is established before fertilisation when the oocyte becomes polarised to direct the localisation of bicoid and oskarmRNAs to opposite poles of the egg. Here we review recent results that reveal that the oocyte acquires polarity much earlier than previously thought, at the time when it acquires its fate. The oocyte arises from a 16 cell germline cyst, and its selection and the initial cue for its polarisation are controlled by the asymmetric segregation of a germline specific organelle called the fusome. Several different downstream pathways then interpret this asymmetry to restrict distinct aspects of oocyte identity to this cell. Mutations in any of the 6 conserved PAR proteins disrupt the early polarisation of the oocyte and lead to a failure to maintain its identity. Surprisingly, mutations affecting the control of the mitotic or meiotic cell cycle also lead to a failure to maintain the oocyte fate, indicating crosstalk between the nuclear and cytoplasmic events of oocyte differentiation. The early polarity of the oocyte initiates a series of reciprocal signalling events between the oocyte and the somatic follicle cells that lead to a reversal of oocyte polarity later in oogenesis, which defines the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo
Search for the standard model higgs boson in the decay channel h -> zz((*)) -> 4l with 4.8 fb(-1) of pp collision data at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

This Letter presents a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H -> ZZ((*)) -> l(+)l(-)l(-)+l(')-, where l,l' = e or mu, using proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb(-1). The four-lepton invariant mass distribution is compared with Standard Model background expectations to derive upper limits on the cross section of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass between 110 GeV and 600 GeV. The mass ranges 134-156 GeV, 182-233 GeV, 256-265 GeV and 268-415 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The largest upward deviations from the background-only hypothesis are observed for Higgs boson masses of 125 GeV, 244 GeV and 500 GeV with local significances of 2.1, 2.2 and 2.1 standard deviations, respectively. Once the look-elsewhere effect is considered, none of these excesses are significant