pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Surgical decision-making for managing complex intracranial aneurysms

The treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms remains a therapeutic challenge. These lesions are frequently not amenable to selective clipping or coiling or other endovascular procedures and surgery still has a predominant role. \ud
We illustrate our “surgical decision making” for managing complex intracranial aneurysmal lesions. The best strategy is decided on the basis of pre-operative neuroradiological and intra-operative main determinants such as anatomical location, peri-aneurysmal angioanatomy (branch vessels, critical perforators), broad neck, intraluminal thrombosis, aneurysmal wall atherosclerotic plaques and calcifications, absence of collateral circulation, and previous treatment. The surgical strategy encompasses one of the following treatment possibilities: (1) Direct clip reconstruction; (2) Complete trapping (“classic” or “variant”); (3) Partial trapping (proximal “inflow” or distal “outflow” occlusion). Because the goal of any aneurysm treatment is both (1) aneurysm exclusion and (2) blood flow replacement, cerebral revascularization represents a major management option whenever definitive or temporary vessel occlusion is needed.\ud
Cerebral revascularization can therefore be used temporarily as a “protective” bypass, or definitively as a “flow replacement” bypass.\ud
Complete and partial trapping strategies are associated with flow “replacement” bypass surgery, to preserve blood flow into the territory supplied by the permanently trapped vessel. The construction of the “ideal” bypass depends on several factors, the most important of which are amount of flow needed, recipient vessel, donor vessel, and microanastomosis technique.\ud
The choice between “complete” or “partial” trapping depends on angioanatomical criteria as well. A complete trapping is always favored, as it has the advantage of immediate aneurysm exclusion. When perforating vessels arise from the aneurysmal segment or when the inspection of all the angioanatomy of the aneurysm is considered inadvisable and risky, “partial trapping” strategies are of interest. Partial trapping may consist either of proximal or distal occlusion. We discuss the rationale behind these treatment modalities and illustrate it with a case series of seven patients successfully treated for complex intracranial aneurysmal lesions (location: 1 ICA, 1 ACom, 3 MCA, 2 PICA)
Combined bypass technique for contemporary revascularization of unilateral MCA and bilateral frontal territories in moyamoya vasculopathy

Moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) leads to chronic hypoperfusion predominantly in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territories. Most revascularization techniques focus on revascularization of the MCA territory. Augmentation of blood flow in the frontal area is important for neurocognition and lower extremity function. In this article we describe a new combined (direct and indirect) one-stage bypass technique consisting of a superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass with encephalo-duro-synangiosis (EDS) for unilateral MCA revascularization, along with an encephalo-duro-periosteal-synangiosis (EDPS) for bifrontal blood flow augmentation. The strength of this technique is the revascularization of three vascular territories during a single surgical intervention: the MCA unilaterally; and the frontal territories bilaterally. Bifrontal EDPS may also be considered as a supplementary independent procedure for patients who previously underwent revascularization treatment in the MCA territory, but develop symptoms due to frontal hypoperfusion
Towards Incentive-based Resource Assignment and Regulation in Clouds for Community Networks

Community networks are built with off-the-shelf communication equipment aiming to satisfy a community's demand for Internet access and services. These networks are a real world example of a collective that shares ICT resources. But while these community networks successfully achieve the IP connectivity over the shared network infrastructure, the deployment of applications inside of community networks is surprisingly low. Given that community networks are driven by volunteers, we believe that bringing in incentive-based mechanisms for service and application deployments in community networks will help in unlocking its true potential. We investigate in this paper such mechanisms to steer user contributions, in order to provide cloud services from within community networks. From the analysis of the community network's topology, we derive two scenarios of community clouds, the local cloud and the federated cloud. We develop an architecture tailored to community networks which integrates the incentive mechanism we propose. In simulations of large scale community cloud scenarios we study the behaviour of the incentive mechanism in different configurations, where slices of homogeneous virtual machine instances are shared. Our simulation results allow us to understand better how to configure such an incentive mechanism in a future prototype of a real community cloud system, which ultimately should lead to realisation of clouds in community networks
End-to-end service quality for cloud applications

This paper aims to highlight the importance of End-to-End (E2E) service quality for cloud scenarios, with focus on telecom carrier-grade services. In multi-tenant distributed and virtualized cloud infrastructures, enhanced resource sharing raises issues in terms of performance stability and reliability. Moreover, the heterogeneity of business entities responsible for the cloud service delivery, threatens the possibility of offering precise E2E service levels. Setting up proper Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) among the involved players, may become overly challenging. However, problems may be mitigated by a thoughtful intervention of standardization. The paper reviews some of the most important efforts in research and industry to tackle E2E service quality and concludes with some recommendations for additional research and/or standardization effort required to be able to deploy mission critical or interactive real-time services with high demands on service quality, reliability and predictability on cloud platforms. © 2013 Springer International Publishing
An Automatic Technique for Checking the Simulation of Timed Systems

In this paper, we suggest an automatic technique for checking the timed weak simulation between timed transition systems. The technique is an observation-based method in which two timed transition systems are composed with a timed observer. A μ-calculus property that captures the timed weak simulation is then verified on the result of the composition. An interesting feature of the suggested technique is that it only relies on an untimed μ-calculus model-checker without any specific algorithm needed to analyze the result of the composition. We also show that our simulation relation supports interesting results concerning the trace inclusion and the preservation of linear properties. Finally, the technique is validated using the FIACRE/TINA toolset
Kleene Algebras and Semimodules for Energy Problems

International audienceWith the purpose of unifying a number of approaches to energy problems found in the literature, we introduce generalized energy automata. These are finite automata whose edges are labeled with energy functions that define how energy levels evolve during transitions. Uncovering a close connection between energy problems and reachability and Büchi acceptance for semiring-weighted automata, we show that these generalized energy problems are decidable. We also provide complexity results for important special cases
Statistical Analysis of White Matter Integrity for the Clinical Study of Specific Language Impairment in Children

International audienceChildren affected by Specific Language Impairment (SLI) fail to develop a normal language capability. To date, the etiology of SLI remains largely unknown. It induces difficulties with oral language which cannot be directly attributed to intellectual deficit or other developmental delay. Whereas previous studies on SLI focused on the psychological and genetic aspects of the pathology, few imaging studies investigated defaults in neuroanatomy or brain function. We propose to investigate the integrity of white matter in SLI thanks to diffusion Magnetic Res- onance Imaging. An exploratory analysis was performed without a priori on the impaired regions. A region of interest statistical analysis was performed based, first, on regions defined from Catani's atlas and, then, on tractography-based regions. Both the mean fractional anisotropy and mean apparent diffusion coefficient were compared across groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on white matter integrity in specific language impairment. 22 children with SLI and 19 typically developing children were involved in this study. Overall, the tractography-based approach to group comparison was more sensitive than the classical ROI-based approach. Group differences between controls and SLI patients included decreases in FA in both the perisylvian and ventral pathways of language, comforting findings from previous functional studies
Non-Negative Spherical Deconvolution (NNSD) for Fiber Orientation Distribution Function Estimation

International audienceIn diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI), Spherical Deconvolution (SD) is a commonly used approach for estimating the fiber Orientation Distribution Function (fODF). As a Probability Density Function (PDF) that characterizes the distribution of fiber orientations, the fODF is expected to be non-negative and to integrate to unity on the continuous unit sphere S2 . However, many existing approaches, despite using continuous representation such as Spherical Harmonics (SH), impose non-negativity only on discretized points of S2. Therefore, non-negativity is not guaranteed on the whole S2 Existing approaches are also known to .exhibit false positive fODF peaks, especially in regions with low anisotropy, causing an over-estimation of the number of fascicles that traverse each voxel. This paper proposes a novel approach, called Non-Negative SD (NNSD), to overcome the above limitations. NNSD offers the following advantages. First, NNSD is the first SH based method that guarantees non-negativity of the fODF throughout the unit sphere. Second, unlike approaches such as Maximum Entropy SD (MESD), Cartesian Tensor Fiber Orientation Distribution (CT-FOD), and discrete representation based SD (DR-SD) techniques, the SH representation allows closed form of spherical integration, efficient computation in a low dimensional space resided by the SH coefficients, and accurate peak detection on the continuous domain defined by the unit sphere. Third, NNSD is significantly less susceptible to producing false positive peaks in regions with low anisotropy. Evaluations of NNSD in comparison with Constrained SD (CSD), MESD, and DR-SD (implemented using L1-regularized least-squares with non-negative constraint), indicate that NNSD yields improved performance for both synthetic and real data. The performance gain is especially prominent for high resolution (1.25 mm)^3 data
A Pretty Good Formatting Pipeline

Proper formatting makes the structure of a program apparent
and aids program comprehension. The need to format code arises in
code generation and transformation, as well as in normal reading and
editing situations. Commonly used pretty-printing tools in transformation
frameworks provide an easy way to produce indented code that is
fairly readable for humans, without reaching the level of purpose-built
reformatting tools, such as those built into IDEs. This paper presents a
library of pluggable components, built to support style-based formatting
and reformatting of code, and to enable further experimentation with
code formatting
Variability Support in Domain-Specific Language Development

International audienceDomain Specific Languages (DSLs) are widely adopted to capitalize on business domain experiences. Consequently, DSL development is becoming a recurring activity. Unfortunately, even though it has its benefits, language development is a complex and time-consuming task. Languages are commonly realized from scratch, even when they share some concepts and even though they could share bits of tool support. This cost can be reduced by employing modern modular programming techniques that foster code reuse. However, selecting and composing these modules is often only within the reach of a skilled DSL developer. In this paper we propose to combine modular language development and variability management, with the objective of capitalizing on existing assets. This approach explicitly models the dependencies between language components, thereby allowing a domain expert to configure a desired DSL, and automatically derive its implementation. The approach is tool supported, using Neverlang to implement language components, and the Common Variability Language (CVL) for managing the variability and automating the configuration. We will further illustrate our approach with the help of a case study, where we will implement a family of DSLs to describe state machines
Superprocesses as models for information dissemination in the Future
  Internet

Future Internet will be composed by a tremendous number of potentially
interconnected people and devices, offering a variety of services, applications
and communication opportunities. In particular, short-range wireless
communications, which are available on almost all portable devices, will enable
the formation of the largest cloud of interconnected, smart computing devices
mankind has ever dreamed about: the Proximate Internet. In this paper, we
consider superprocesses, more specifically super Brownian motion, as a suitable
mathematical model to analyse a basic problem of information dissemination
arising in the context of Proximate Internet. The proposed model provides a
promising analytical framework to both study theoretical properties related to
the information dissemination process and to devise efficient and reliable
simulation schemes for very large systems
The role of fundamental solution in Potential and Regularity Theory for subelliptic PDE

In this survey we consider a general Hormander type operator, represented as a sum of squares of vector fields plus a drift and we outline the central role of the fundamental solution in developing Potential and Regularity Theory for solutions of related PDEs. After recalling the Gaussian behavior at infinity of the kernel, we show some mean value formulas on the level sets of the fundamental solution, which are the starting point to obtain a comprehensive parallel of the classical Potential Theory. Then we show that a precise knowledge of the fundamental solution leads to global regularity results, namely estimates at the boundary or on the whole space.\ud
Finally in the problem of regularity of non linear differential equations we need an ad hoc modification of the parametrix method, based on the properties of the fundamental solution of an approximating problem
The Frankenstein syndrome questionnaire: :
                    Results from a quantitative cross-cultural survey

Dag Sverre Syrdal, Tatsuya Nomura, and Kerstin Dautenhahn, 'The Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire ??? Results from a Quantitative Cross-Cultural Survey', In: Herrmann G., Pearson M.J., Lenz A., Bremner P., Spiers A., Leonards U. (eds) Social Robotics. ICSR 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8239. Springer, Cham. Paper presented at the International Conference on Social Robotics, (ICSR) 2013, Bristol, UK, 27-29 October 2013. ?? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013This paper describes the results from a cross-cultural survey of attitudes towards humanoid robots conducted in Japan and with a Western sampe. The survey used the tentatively titled "Frankenstein Syndrome Questionnaire" and combined responses both from a Japanese and Western sample in order to explore common, cross-cultural factor structures in these responses. In addition, the differences between samples in terms of relationships between factors as well as other intra-sample relationships were examined. Findings suggest that the Western sample's interfactor relationships were more structured than the Japanese sample, and that intra-sample characteristics such as age and gender were more prevalent in the Western sample than the Japanese sample. The results are discussed in relation to the notion of the Frankenstein Syndrome advanced by Kaplan [1]
Sharing spaces, sharing lives - The impact of robot mobility on user perception of a home companion robot

Syrdal D.S., Dautenhahn K., Koay K.L., Walters M.L., Ho W.C. (2013) 'Sharing Spaces, Sharing Lives ??? The Impact of Robot Mobility on User Perception of a Home Companion Robot', In: Herrmann G., Pearson M.J., Lenz A., Bremner P., Spiers A., Leonards U. (eds) Social Robotics. ICSR 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol 8239. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6_32 Paper presented at the International Conference on Social Robotics, (ICSR) 2013, Bristol, UK, 27-29 October 2013. ?? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013This paper examines the role of spatial behaviours in building human-robot relationships. A group of 8 participants, involved in a long-term HRI study, interacted with an artificial agent using different embodiments over a period of one and a half months. The robot embodiments had similar interactional and expressive capabilities, but only one embodiment was capable of moving. Participants reported feeling closer to the robot embodiment capable of physical movement and rated it as more likable. Results suggest that while expressive and communicative abilities may be important in terms of building affinity and rapport with human interactants, the importance of physical interactions when negotiating shared physical space in real time should not be underestimated
Qualitative design and implementation of human-robot spatial interactions

Despite the large number of navigation algorithms available for mobile robots, in many social contexts they often exhibit inopportune motion behaviours in proximity of people, often with very "unnatural" movements due to the execution of segmented trajectories or the sudden activation of safety mechanisms (e.g., for obstacle avoidance). We argue that the reason of the problem is not only the difficulty of modelling human behaviours and generating opportune robot control policies, but also the way human-robot spatial interactions are represented and implemented.\ud
In this paper we propose a new methodology based on a qualitative representation of spatial interactions, which is both flexible and compact, adopting the well-defined and coherent formalization of Qualitative Trajectory Calculus (QTC). We show the potential of a QTC-based approach to abstract and design complex robot behaviours, where the desired robot's behaviour is represented together with its actual performance in one coherent approach, focusing on spatial interactions rather than pure navigation problems
Robot-mediated interviews: :
                    Do robots possess advantages over human interviewers when talking to children with special needs?

Wood L.J., Dautenhahn K., Lehmann H., Robins B., Rainer A., Syrdal D.S. (2013) 'Robot-Mediated Interviews: Do Robots Possess Advantages over Human Interviewers When Talking to Children with Special Needs?', In: Herrmann G., Pearson M.J., Lenz A., Bremner P., Spiers A., Leonards U. (eds) Social Robotics. ICSR 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8239. Springer, Cham Available online at doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-02675-6-6 ?? Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013Children that have a disability are up to four times more likely to be a victim of abuse than typically developing children. However, the number of cases that result in prosecution is relatively low. One of the factors influencing this low prosecution rate is communication difficulties. Our previous research has shown that typically developing children respond to a robotic interviewer very similar compared to a human interviewer. In this paper we conduct a follow up study investigating the possibility of Robot-Mediated Interviews with children that have various special needs. In a case study we investigated how 5 children with special needs aged 9 to 11 responded to the humanoid robot KASPAR compared to a human in an interview scenario. The measures used in this study include duration analysis of responses, detailed analysis of transcribed data, questionnaire responses and data from engagement coding. The main questions in the interviews varied in difficulty and focused on the theme of animals and pets. The results from quantitative data analysis reveal that the children interacted with KASPAR in a very similar manner to how they interacted with the human interviewer, providing both interviewers with similar information and amounts of information regardless of question difficulty. However qualitative analysis suggests that some children may have been more engaged with the robotic interviewer
A low-cost classroom-oriented educational robotics system

Over the past few years, there has been a growing interest in
using robots in education. The use of these tangible devices in combination
with problem-based learning activities results in more motivated
students, higher grades and a growing interest in the STEM areas. However,
most educational robotics systems still have some restrictions like
high cost, long setup time, need of installing software in children's computers,
etc. We present a new, Iow-cost, classroom-oriented educational
robotics system that does not require the installation of any software.
It can be used with computers, tablets or smartphones. It also supports
multiple robots and the system can be setup and is ready to be used in
under 5 minutes. The robotics system that will be presented has been
successfully used by two classes of 3rd and 4th graders. Besides improving
mathematical reasoning, the system can be employed as a motivational
tool for any subject
Social behavior modeling based on Incremental Discrete Hidden Markov Models

12 pagesInternational audienceModeling multimodal face-to-face interaction is a crucial step in the process of building social robots or users-aware Embodied Conversational Agents (ECA). In this context, we present a novel approach for human behavior analysis and generation based on what we called "Incremental Discrete Hidden Markov Model" (IDHMM). Joint multimodal activities of interlocutors are first modeled by a set of DHMMs that are specific to supposed joint cognitive states of the interlocutors. Respecting a task-specific syntax, the IDHMM is then built from these DHMMs and split into i) a recognition model that will determine the most likely sequence of cognitive states given the multimodal activity of the in- terlocutor, and ii) a generative model that will compute the most likely activity of the speaker given this estimated sequence of cognitive states. Short-Term Viterbi (STV) decoding is used to incrementally recognize and generate behav- ior. The proposed model is applied to parallel speech and gaze data of interact- ing dyads
PolyMorph: A P300 Polymorphic Speller

P300 is an electric signal emitted by brain about 300 milliseconds after a rare, but relevant-for-the-user event. Even if it is hard to identify and it provides a low-rate communication channel, it can be used in cases in which other evoked potentials fail. One of the applications of this signal is a speller that enables subjects who lost the control of their motor pathways to communicate by selecting one by one each character of a sentence in a matrix containing all the alphabet symbols. This paper provides an improvement of this paradigm and it aims at reducing both the error rate and the time required to spell a sentence by exploiting the redundancy which is present in all the natural languages