pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Parental reminder, recall and educational interventions to improve early childhood immunisation uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AbstractVaccination is one of the most effective ways of reducing childhood mortality. Despite global uptake of childhood vaccinations increasing, rates remain sub-optimal, meaning that vaccine-preventable diseases still pose a public health risk. A range of interventions to promote vaccine uptake have been developed, although this range has not specifically been reviewed in early childhood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of parental interventions to improve early childhood (0–5 years) vaccine uptake. Twenty-eight controlled studies contributed to six separate meta-analyses evaluating aspects of parental reminders and education. All interventions were to some extent effective, although findings were generally heterogeneous and random effects models were estimated.Receiving both postal and telephone reminders was the most effective reminder-based intervention (RD=0.1132; 95% CI=0.033–0.193). Sub-group analyses suggested that educational interventions were more effective in low- and middle-income countries (RD=0.13; 95% CI=0.05–0.22) and when conducted through discussion (RD=0.12; 95% CI=0.02–0.21). Current evidence most supports the use of postal reminders as part of the standard management of childhood immunisations. Parents at high risk of non-compliance may benefit from recall strategies and/or discussion-based forums, however further research is needed to assess the appropriateness of these strategies
Modulated phases and devil’s staircases in a layered mean-field version of the ANNNI model

AbstractWe investigate the phase diagram of a spin-1/2 Ising model on a cubic lattice, with competing interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors along an axial direction, and fully connected spins on the sites of each perpendicular layer. The problem is formulated in terms of a set of noninteracting Ising chains in a position-dependent field. At low temperatures, as in the standard mean-field version of the Axial-Next-Nearest-Neighbor Ising (ANNNI) model, there are many distinct spatially commensurate phases that spring from a multiphase point of infinitely degenerate ground states. As temperature increases, we confirm the existence of a branching mechanism associated with the onset of higher-order commensurate phases. We check that the ferromagnetic phase undergoes a first-order transition to the modulated phases. Depending on a parameter of competition, the wave number of the striped patterns locks in rational values, giving rise to a devil’s staircase. We numerically calculate the Hausdorff dimension D0 associated with these fractal structures, and show that D0 increases with temperature but seems to reach a limiting value smaller than D0=1
A note on first-order projections and games

AbstractWe show how the fact that there is a first-order projection from the problem transitive closure (TC) to some other problem Ω enables us to automatically deduce that a natural game problem, LG(Ω), whose instances are labelled instances of Ω, is complete for PSPACE (via log-space reductions). Our analysis is strongly dependent upon the reduction from TC to Ω being a logical projection in that it fails should the reduction be, for example, a log-space reduction or a quantifier-free first-order translation
Combinatorial Hopf algebras, noncommutative Hall–Littlewood functions, and permutation tableaux

AbstractWe introduce a new family of noncommutative analogues of the Hall–Littlewood symmetric functions. Our construction relies upon Tevlin's bases and simple q-deformations of the classical combinatorial Hopf algebras. We connect our new Hall–Littlewood functions to permutation tableaux, and also give an exact formula for the q-enumeration of permutation tableaux of a fixed shape. This gives an explicit formula for: the steady state probability of each state in the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP); the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of weak excedances according to crossings; the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of descent bottoms according to occurrences of the generalized pattern 2–31
A Model for Shear Stress Sensing and Transmission in Vascular Endothelial Cells

AbstractArterial endothelial cell (EC) responsiveness to flow is essential for normal vascular function and plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis. EC flow responses may involve sensing of the mechanical stimulus at the cell surface with subsequent transmission via cytoskeleton to intracellular transduction sites. We had previously modeled flow-induced deformation of EC-surface flow sensors represented as viscoelastic materials with standard linear solid behavior (Kelvin bodies). In the present article, we extend the analysis to arbitrary networks of viscoelastic structures connected in series and/or parallel. Application of the model to a system of two Kelvin bodies in parallel reveals that flow induces an instantaneous deformation followed by creeping to the asymptotic response. The force divides equally between the two bodies when they have identical viscoelastic properties. When one body is stiffer than the other, a larger fraction of the applied force is directed to the stiffer body. We have also probed the impact of steady and oscillatory flow on simple sensor-cytoskeleton-nucleus networks. The results demonstrated that, consistent with the experimentally observed temporal chronology of EC flow responses, the flow sensor attains its peak deformation faster than intracellular structures and the nucleus deforms more rapidly than cytoskeletal elements. The results have also revealed that a 1-Hz oscillatory flow induces significantly smaller deformations than steady flow. These results may provide insight into the mechanisms behind the experimental observations that a number of EC responses induced by steady flow are not induced by oscillatory flow
Improved Antifungal Polyene Macrolides via Engineering of the Nystatin Biosynthetic Genes in Streptomyces noursei

SummarySeven polyene macrolides with alterations in the polyol region and exocyclic carboxy group were obtained via genetic engineering of the nystatin biosynthesis genes in Streptomyces noursei. In vitro analyses of the compounds for antifungal and hemolytic activities indicated that combinations of several mutations caused additive improvements in their activity-toxicity properties. The two best analogs selected on the basis of in vitro data were tested for acute toxicity and antifungal activity in a mouse model. Both analogs were shown to be effective against disseminated candidosis, while being considerably less toxic than amphotericin B. To our knowledge, this is the first report on polyene macrolides with improved in vivo pharmacological properties obtained by genetic engineering. These results indicate that the engineered nystatin analogs can be further developed into antifungal drugs for human use
Analysis of the 32± pentaquark states in the diquark–diquark–antiquark model with QCD sum rules

AbstractIn this article, we construct the axialvector-diquark–scalar-diquark–antiquark type and the axialvector-diquark–axialvector-diquark–antiquark type interpolating currents, and study the JP=32± hidden-charm pentaquark states with the strangeness S=0,−1,−2,−3 systematically using the QCD sum rules. The predicted masses of the pentaquark states Puud1012(32−), Puud1112(32−) and Puud1132(32−) are compatible with the experimental value MPc(4380)=4380±8±29 MeV from the LHCb collaboration, more experimental data are still needed to identify the Pc(4380) unambiguously
Evaluation of the anti-arenaviral activity of the subtilisin kexin isozyme-1/site-1 protease inhibitor PF-429242

AbstractThe cellular protease subtilisin kexin isozyme-1 (SKI-1)/site-1 protease (S1P) is implicated in the proteolytic processing of the viral envelope glycoprotein precursor (GPC) of arenaviruses, a step strictly required for production of infectious progeny. The small molecule SKI-1/S1P inhibitor PF-429242 was shown to have anti-viral activity against Old World arenaviruses. Here we extended these studies and show that PF-429242 also inhibits GPC processing and productive infection of New World arenaviruses, making PF-429242 a broadly active anti-arenaviral drug. In combination therapy, PF-429242 potentiated the anti-viral activity of ribavirin, indicating a synergism between the two drugs. A hallmark of arenaviruses is their ability to establish persistent infection in vitro and in vivo. Notably, PF-429242 was able to efficiently and rapidly clear persistent infection by arenaviruses. Interruption of drug treatment did not result in re-emergence of infection, indicating that PF-429242 treatment leads to virus extinction
Transposing partial components—An exercise on coalgebraic refinement

AbstractA partial component is a process which fails or dies at some stage, thus exhibiting a finite, more ephemeral behaviour than expected. Partiality—which is the rule rather than exception in formal modelling—can be treated mathematically via totalization techniques. In the case of partial functions, totalization involves error values and exceptions.In the context of a coalgebraic approach to component semantics, this paper argues that the behavioural counterpart to such functional techniques should extend behaviour with try-again cycles preventing from component collapse, thus extending totalization or transposition from the algebraic to the coalgebraic context.We show that a refinement relationship holds between original and totalized components which is reasoned about in a coalgebraic approach to component refinement expressed in the pointfree binary relation calculus.As part of the pragmatic aims of this research, we also address the factorization of every such totalized coalgebra into two coalgebraic components—the original one and an added front-end—which cooperate in a client-server style
Early-Life Stress Triggers Juvenile Zebra Finches to Switch Social Learning Strategies

SummaryStress during early life can cause disease and cognitive impairment in humans and non-humans alike [1]. However, stress and other environmental factors can also program developmental pathways [2, 3]. We investigate whether differential exposure to developmental stress can drive divergent social learning strategies [4, 5] between siblings. In many species, juveniles acquire essential foraging skills by copying others: they can copy peers (horizontal social learning), learn from their parents (vertical social learning), or learn from other adults (oblique social learning) [6]. However, whether juveniles’ learning strategies are condition dependent largely remains a mystery. We found that juvenile zebra finches living in flocks socially learned novel foraging skills exclusively from adults. By experimentally manipulating developmental stress, we further show that social learning targets are phenotypically plastic. While control juveniles learned foraging skills from their parents, their siblings, exposed as nestlings to experimentally elevated stress hormone levels, learned exclusively from unrelated adults. Thus, early-life conditions triggered individuals to switch strategies from vertical to oblique social learning. This switch could arise from stress-induced differences in developmental rate, cognitive and physical state, or the use of stress as an environmental cue. Acquisition of alternative social learning strategies may impact juveniles’ fit to their environment and ultimately change their developmental trajectories
Unifying practical uncertainty representations – I: Generalized p-boxes

AbstractThere exist several simple representations of uncertainty that are easier to handle than more general ones. Among them are random sets, possibility distributions, probability intervals, and more recently Ferson’s p-boxes and Neumaier’s clouds. Both for theoretical and practical considerations, it is very useful to know whether one representation is equivalent to or can be approximated by other ones. In this paper, we define a generalized form of usual p-boxes. These generalized p-boxes have interesting connections with other previously known representations. In particular, we show that they are equivalent to pairs of possibility distributions, and that they are special kinds of random sets. They are also the missing link between p-boxes and clouds, which are the topic of the second part of this study
One-loop effective potential in N=12 generic chiral superfield model

AbstractWe obtain the one-loop quantum corrections to the Kählerian and superpotentials in the generic chiral superfield model on the nonanticommutative superspace. Unlike all previous works, we use a method which does not require to rewrite a star-product of superfields in terms of ordinary products. In the Kählerian potential sector the one-loop contributions are analogous to ones in the undeformed theory while in the chiral potential sector the quantum corrections contain a deformation parameter
Spatial demonstratives and perceptual space: Describing and remembering object location

AbstractSpatial demonstratives – terms including this and that – are among the most common words across all languages. Yet, there are considerable differences between languages in how demonstratives carve up space and the object characteristics they can refer to, challenging the idea that the mapping between spatial demonstratives and the vision and action systems is universal. In seven experiments we show direct parallels between spatial demonstrative usage in English and (non-linguistic) memory for object location, indicating close connections between the language of space and non-linguistic spatial representation. Spatial demonstrative choice in English and immediate memory for object location are affected by a range of parameters – distance, ownership, visibility and familiarity – that are lexicalized in the demonstrative systems of some other languages. The results support a common set of constraints on language used to talk about space and on (non-linguistic) spatial representation itself. Differences in demonstrative systems across languages may emerge from basic distinctions in the representation and memory for object location. In turn, these distinctions offer a building block from which non-spatial uses of demonstratives can develop
Equilibration and exchange of fluorescently labeled molecules in skinned skeletal muscle fibers visualized by confocal microscopy

Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy was used to study in real time under nearly physiological conditions the equilibration and exchange characteristics of several different fluorescently labeled molecules into chemically skinned, unfixed skeletal muscle fibers of rabbit psoas. The time required for equilibration was found to vary widely from a few minutes up to several days. Specific interactions of molecules with myofibrillar structures seem to slow down equilibration significantly. Time for equilibration, therefore, cannot simply be predicted from diffusion parameters in solution. Specific interactions resulted in characteristic labeling patterns for molecules like creatine kinase (muscle type), pyruvate kinase, actin-binding IgG, and others. For the very slowly equilibrating Rh-NEM-S1, changes in affinity upon binding to actin in the absence of calcium and subsequent slow cooperative activation, beginning at the free end of the filament at the H-zone, were observed. In the presence of calcium, however, binding of Rh-NEM-S1 was homogeneous along the whole actin filament from the very beginning of equilibration. The dissociation properties of the dynamic interactions were analyzed using a chase protocol. Even molecules that bind with rather high affinity and that can be removed only by applying extreme experimental conditions like Rh-phalloidine or Rh-troponin could be displaced easily by unlabeled homologous molecules
Transforms for minimal surfaces in the 5-sphere

AbstractWe define two transforms between minimal surfaces with non-circular ellipse of curvature in the 5-sphere, and show how this enables us to construct, from one such surface, a sequence of such surfaces. We also use the transforms to show how to associate to such a surface a corresponding ruled minimal Lagrangian submanifold of complex projective 3-space, which gives the converse of a construction considered in a previous paper, and illustrate this explicitly in the case of bipolar minimal surfaces
Quantum deformations of D=4 Euclidean, Lorentz, Kleinian and quaternionic o⋆(4) symmetries in unified o(4;C) setting

AbstractWe employ new calculational technique and present complete list of classical r-matrices for D=4 complex homogeneous orthogonal Lie algebra o(4;C), the rotational symmetry of four-dimensional complex space–time. Further applying reality conditions we obtain the classical r-matrices for all possible real forms of o(4;C): Euclidean o(4), Lorentz o(3,1), Kleinian o(2,2) and quaternionic o⋆(4) Lie algebras. For o(3,1) we get known four classical D=4 Lorentz r-matrices, but for other real Lie algebras (Euclidean, Kleinian, quaternionic) we provide new results and mention some applications
Hidden Glashow resonance in neutrino–nucleus collisions

AbstractToday it is widely believed that s-channel excitation of an on-shell W boson, commonly known as the Glashow resonance, can be initiated in matter only by the electron antineutrino in the process ν¯ee−→W− at the laboratory energy around 6.3 PeV. In this Letter we argue that the Glashow resonance within the Standard Model also occurs in neutrino–nucleus collisions. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) The Glashow resonance can be excited by both neutrinos and antineutrinos of all the three flavors scattering in the Coulomb field of a nucleus. 2) The Glashow resonance in a neutrino–nucleus reaction does not manifest itself as a Breit–Wigner-like peak in the cross section but the latter exhibits instead a slow logarithmic-law growth with the neutrino energy. The resonance turns thus out to be hidden. 3) More than 98% of W bosons produced in the sub-PeV region in neutrino-initiated reactions in water/ice will be from the Glashow resonance. 4) The vast majority of the Glashow resonance events in a neutrino detector are expected at energies from a few TeV to a few tens of TeV, being mostly initiated by the conventional atmospheric neutrinos dominant in this energy range. Calculations of the cross sections for Glashow resonance excitation on the oxygen nucleus as well as on the proton are carried out in detail. The results of this Letter can be useful for studies of neutrino interactions at large volume water/ice neutrino detectors. For example, in the IceCube detector one can expect 0.3 Glashow resonance events with shower-like topologies and the deposited energies above 300 TeV per year. It is therefore likely already to have at least one Glashow resonance event in the IceCube data set
The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex – hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops

AbstractColletotrichum destructivum is an important plant pathogen, mainly of forage and grain legumes including clover, alfalfa, cowpea and lentil, but has also been reported as an anthracnose pathogen of many other plants worldwide. Several Colletotrichum isolates, previously reported as closely related to C. destructivum, are known to establish hemibiotrophic infections in different hosts. The inconsistent application of names to those isolates based on outdated species concepts has caused much taxonomic confusion, particularly in the plant pathology literature. A multilocus DNA sequence analysis (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 83 isolates of C. destructivum and related species revealed 16 clades that are recognised as separate species in the C. destructivum complex, which includes C. destructivum, C. fuscum, C. higginsianum, C. lini and C. tabacum. Each of these species is lecto-, epi- or neotypified in this study. Additionally, eight species, namely C. americae-borealis, C. antirrhinicola, C. bryoniicola, C. lentis, C. ocimi, C. pisicola, C. utrechtense and C. vignae are newly described
A constructive version of Birkhoffʼs ergodic theorem for Martin-Löf random points

AbstractWe prove the effective version of Birkhoffʼs ergodic theorem for Martin-Löf random points and effectively open sets, improving the results previously obtained in this direction (in particular those of Vyugin, Nandakumar and Hoyrup, Rojas). The proof consists of two steps. First, we prove a generalization of Kučeraʼs theorem, which is a particular case of effective ergodic theorem: a trajectory of a computable ergodic mapping that starts from a random point cannot remain inside an effectively open set of measure less than 1. Second, we show that the full statement of the effective ergodic theorem can be reduced to this special case. Both steps use the statement of classical ergodic theorem but not its usual classical proof. Therefore, we get a new simple proof of the effective ergodic theorem (with weaker assumptions than before).This result was recently obtained independently by Franklin, Greenberg, Miller and Ng
Wheeler–DeWitt equation in AdS/CFT correspondence

AbstractWe discuss a quantum extension of the holographic RG flow equation obtained previously from the classical Hamiltonian constraint in the bulk AdS supergravity. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation is proposed to generate the extended RG flow and to produce 1/N subleading corrections systematically. Our formulation in five dimensions is applied to the derivation of the Weyl anomaly of boundary N=4 SU(N) super-Yang–Mills theory beyond the large N limit. It is shown that subleading 1/N2 corrections arising from fields in AdS5 supergravity agree with those obtained recently by Mansfield et al. using their Schrödinger equation, thereby guaranteeing to reproduce the exact form of the boundary Weyl anomaly after summing up all of the KK modes
Application of luminescence dating and geomorphological analysis to the study of landscape evolution, settlement and climate change on the Channel Island of Herm

AbstractThe optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sands and palaeosol horizons, sampled as part of an archaeological investigation and supported by geomorphological analysis, has been applied to identify critical stages in the development of the landscape on Herm, one of the Channel Islands that lies off the coast of Guernsey, on which megalithic monuments were constructed during the Neolithic period. In particular, there were three phases of significant aeolian activity during the prehistoric period, the onsets dated by OSL in this study to ca 4, 3 and 2.3 ka ago, where the first phase marked a significant change in the long term trend of aggradation of soils that persisted during the next two millennia. OSL ages were also obtained for palaeosols in which there was evidence of ploughing, placing this activity in the late 2nd millennium BC and the 4th and 13th centuries AD. The OSL ages for basal deposits of dune sands that cover the northern part of the island indicate that they were formed by phases of intense aeolian activity during the medieval period, commencing in the 13th century AD and continuing for several hundred years, which can be correlated with documented high intensity storms in the North Atlantic within the period 13th–15th centuries AD. The phases of significant aeolian activity dated by OSL to ca 4 and 2 ka ago can be linked with those detected in different regions of the North Atlantic coastal areas. The availability of chronologies for aeolian horizons provides a valuable tool in the study of the evolution of coastal landscape and how past coastal communities responded to climate change