pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Searches for third-generation squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Searches for third-generation squarks in fully hadronic final states are presented using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.4 or 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Three mutually exclusive searches are presented, each optimized for a different decay topology. They include a multijet search requiring one fully reconstructed top quark, a dijet search requiring one or two jets originating from b quarks, and a monojet search. No excesses above the standard model expectations are seen, and limits are set on top and bottom squark production in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry
Mileage, car ownership, experience of punishment avoidance and the risky driving of young drivers

Objective: Young drivers are at greatest risk of injury or death from a car crash in the first six months of independent driving. In Queensland, the graduated driver licensing (GDL) program was extensively modified in July 2007 in order to reduce this risk. Increased mileage and car ownership have been found to play a role in risky driving, offences and crashes; however GDL programs typically do not consider these variables. In addition, young novice drivers’ experiences of punishment avoidance have not previously been examined. The paper explores the mileage (duration and distance), car ownership and punishment avoidance behaviour of young newly-licensed intermediate (Provisional) drivers and their relationship with risky driving, crashes and offences.  \ud
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Methods: Drivers (n = 1032) aged 17-19 years recruited from across Queensland for longitudinal research completed Survey 1 exploring pre-licence and Learner experiences and sociodemographic characteristics. Survey 2 explored the same variables with a subset of these drivers (n = 341) after they had completed their first six months of independent driving. \ud
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Results: Most young drivers in Survey 2 reported owning a vehicle and paying attention to Police presence. Drivers who had their own car reported significantly greater mileage and more risky driving. Novices who drove more kilometres, spent more hours each week driving, or avoided actual and anticipated Police presence were more likely to report risky driving. These drivers were also more likely to report being detected by Police for a driving-related offence. The media, parents, friends and other drivers play a pivotal role in informing novices of on-road Police enforcement operations.  \ud
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Conclusions: GDL programs should incorporate education for the parent and novice driver regarding the increased risks associated with greater driving particularly where the novices own a vehicle. Parents should be encouraged to delay exclusive access to a vehicle for the novice driver. Parents should also consider whether their young novice will deliberately avoid Police if they tell them their location. This may reinforce not only the risky behaviour but also the young novice’s beliefs that their parents condone this behaviour
The Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Informal Labor Markets.�

Following trade liberalization, several developing countries experienced a sharp increase in the share of informal manufacturing employment. In this paper, I examine the impacts of trade liberalization on the labor markets of a small open economy, in an environment in which tariffs affect firms' payroll tax compliance decisions. I demonstrate that a reduction in domestic import tariffs reduces the average formal wage and show that the direction of the effect on the share of informal employment depends on the initial labor market conditions. A cut in trading partner import tariffs decreases the share of domestic informal employment and increases the average formal wage. I confirm the model's principal findings empirically, using data from the 1989--2001 Brazilian trade liberalization episode. I find the results robust to endogeneity and self-selection concerns, which are addressed, respectively, using instrumental variable and switching regression approaches.
Pig farmers’ perceptions, attitudes, influences and management of information in the decision-making process for disease control

The objectives of this study were (1) to explore the factors involved in the decision-making process used by pig farmers for disease control and (2) to investigate pig farmers’ attitudes and perceptions about different information sources relating to disease control.\ud
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In 2011 a qualitative study involving 20 face-to-face interviews with English pig farmers was conducted. The questionnaire was composed of three parts. The first part required farmers to identify two diseases they had experienced and which were difficult to recognize and/or control. They were asked to report how the disease problem was recognized, how the need for control was decided, and what affected the choice of control approach. For the latter, a structure related to the Theory of Planned Behaviour was used. Their verbal responses were classified as associated with: (1) attitude and beliefs, (2) subjective norms, or (3) perceived behavioural control (PBC). In the second part, five key sources of information for disease control (Defra, BPEX, research from academia, internet and veterinarians) and the factors related to barriers to knowledge were investigated. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A qualitative analysis of the text of the interview transcripts was carried out using templates.\ud
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Drivers for disease control were ‘pig mortality’, ‘feeling of entering in an economically critical situation’, ‘animal welfare’ and ‘feeling of despair’. Veterinarians were perceived by several participating farmers as the most trusted information source on disease control. However, in particular non-sustainable situations, other producers, and especially experiences from abroad, seemed to considerably influence the farmers’ decision-making. ‘Lack of knowledge’, ‘farm structure and management barriers’ and ‘economic constrains’ were identified in relation to PBC. Several negative themes, such as ‘lack of communication’, ‘not knowing where to look’, and ‘information bias’ were associated with research from academia.\ud
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This study identified a range of factors influencing the decision-making process for disease control by pig farmers. In addition, it highlighted the lack of awareness and difficult access of producers to current scientific research outputs. The factors identified should be considered when developing communication strategies to disseminate research findings and advice for disease control
A critical perspective on second-order empathy in understanding psychopathology: phenomenology and ethics

The centenary of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology was recognised in 2013 with the publication of a volume of essays dedicated to his work (edited by Stanghellini and Fuchs). Leading phenomenological-psychopathologists and philosophers of psychiatry examined Jaspers notion of empathic understanding and his declaration that certain schizophrenic phenomena are ‘un-understandable’. The consensus reached by the authors was that Jaspers operated with a narrow conception of phenomenology and empathy and that schizophrenic phenomena can be understood through what they variously called second-order and radical empathy. This article offers a critical examination of the second-order empathic stance along phenomenological and ethical lines. It asks: (1) Is second-order empathy (phenomenologically) possible? (2) Is the second-order empathic stance an ethically acceptable attitude towards persons diagnosed with schizophrenia? I argue that second-order empathy is an incoherent method that cannot be realised. Further, the attitude promoted by this method is ethically problematic insofar as the emphasis placed on radical otherness disinvests persons diagnosed with schizophrenia from a fair chance to participate in the public construction of their identity and, hence, to redress traditional symbolic injustices
Photoionization efficiency spectroscopy and density functional theory investigations of RhHo₂On (n=0–2) clusters

The experimental and theoretical adiabatic ionization energies (IEs) of the rhodium-holmium bimetallic clusters RhHo₂On (n=0–2) have been determined using photoionization efficiency spectroscopy and density functional theory(DFT) calculations. Both sets of data show the IE of RhHo2O to be significantly lower than the values for RhHo₂ and RhHo₂O₂, which are found to be similar. This indicates that there are significant changes in electronic properties upon sequential addition of oxygen atoms to RhHo₂. The DFT investigations show that the lowest energy neutral structures are a C₂ᵥ triangle for RhHo₂, a C₂ᵥ planar structure for RhHo₂O where the O atom is doubly bridged to the Ho–Ho bond, and a C₂ᵥ nonplanar structure for RhHo₂O₂, where the O₂ is dissociative and each O atom is doubly bridged to the Ho–Ho bond in the cluster above and below the RhHo₂ trimer plane. Good correlation between the experimental and computational IE data imply that the lowest energy neutral structures calculated are the most likely isomers ionized in the molecular beam. In particular, the theoretical adiabatic IE for the dissociativeRhHo₂O₂ structure is found to compare better with the experimentally determined value than the corresponding lowest energy O₂ associative structure.Financial support from the University of Adelaide’s Faculty
of Sciences is gratefully acknowledged. Support from
the Australian Research Council for the purchase and maintenance
of the lasers is also acknowledged
Latent Liquidity: A New Measure of Liquidity, with an Application to Corporate Bonds

We present a new measure of liquidity known as “latent liquidity” and apply it to a unique corporate bond database. Latent liquidity is defined as the weighted average turnover of investors who hold a bond, where the weights are the fractional investor holdings. It can be used to measure liquidity in markets with sparse transactions data. This measure exhibits relationships with bond characteristics similar to those of other trade-based measures. For bonds that trade frequently, our measure has predictive power for both transaction costs and the price impact of trading, over and above trading
activity and bond-specific characteristics thought to be related to liquidity
Can the X(4350) narrow structure be a $1^{-+}$ exotic state?

Using the QCD sum rules we test if the new narrow structure, the X(4350)
recently observed by the Belle Collaboration, can be described as a
$J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ exotic $D_s^*D_{s0}^*$ molecular state. We consider the
contributions of condensates up to dimension eight, we work at leading order in
$\alpha_s$ and we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass $m_s$.
The mass obtained for such state is $m_{D_s^*{D}_{s0}^*}=(5.05\pm 0.19)$ GeV.
We also consider a molecular $1^{-+}, D^{*}{D}_0^{*}$ current and we obtain
$m_{D^*{D}_0^*}=(4.92\pm 0.08)$ GeV. We conclude that it is not possible to
describe the X(4350) structure as a $1^{-+} D_s^*{D}_{s0}^*$ molecular state.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Properties of the limit shape for some last passage growth models in
  random environments

We study directed last passage percolation on the first quadrant of the
planar square lattice whose weights have general distributions, or
equivalently, ./G/1 queues in series. The service time distributions of the
servers vary randomly which constitutes a random environment for the model.
Equivalently, each row of the last passage model has its own randomly chosen
weight distribution. We investigate the limiting time constant close to the
boundary of the quadrant. Close to the y-axis, where the number of random
distributions averaged over stays large, the limiting time constant takes the
same universal form as in the homogeneous model. But close to the x-axis we see
the effect of the tail of the distribution of the random means attached to the
rows.Comment: 24 pages, this paper has been accepted for publication in Stochastic
  Processes and their Application
Integer Point Sets Minimizing Average Pairwise L1-Distance: What is the
  Optimal Shape of a Town?

An n-town, for a natural number n, is a group of n buildings, each occupying
a distinct position on a 2-dimensional integer grid. If we measure the distance
between two buildings along the axis-parallel street grid, then an n-town has
optimal shape if the sum of all pairwise Manhattan distances is minimized. This
problem has been studied for cities, i.e., the limiting case of very large n.
For cities, it is known that the optimal shape can be described by a
differential equation, for which no closed-form is known. We show that optimal
n-towns can be computed in O(n^7.5) time. This is also practically useful, as
it allows us to compute optimal solutions up to n=80.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Computational Geometry: Theory and
  Application
Spontaneous and induced dynamic correlations in glass-formers II: Model
  calculations and comparison to numerical simulations

We study in detail the predictions of various theoretical approaches, in
particular mode-coupling theory (MCT) and kinetically constrained models
(KCMs), concerning the time, temperature, and wavevector dependence of
multi-point correlation functions that quantify the strength of both induced
and spontaneous dynamical fluctuations. We also discuss the precise predictions
of MCT concerning the statistical ensemble and microscopic dynamics dependence
of these multi-point correlation functions. These predictions are compared to
simulations of model fragile and strong glass-forming liquids. Overall, MCT
fares quite well in the fragile case, in particular explaining the observed
crucial role of the statistical ensemble and microscopic dynamics, while MCT
predictions do not seem to hold in the strong case. KCMs provide a simplified
framework for understanding how these multi-point correlation functions may
encode dynamic correlations in glassy materials. However, our analysis
highlights important unresolved questions concerning the application of KCMs to
supercooled liquids.Comment: 23 pages, 12 fig
Electroweak Effects in the Double Dalitz Decay $B_s \to l^+ l^- l'^+
  l'^-$

We investigate the double Dalitz decays $B_s \to l^+ l^- l'^+ l'^-$ on the
basis of the effective Hamiltonian for the transition $b \bar{s} \to l^+ l^-$,
and universal form factors suggested by QCD. The correlated mass spectrum of
the two lepton pairs in the decay $B_s \to e^+ e^- \mu^+ \mu^-$ is derived in
an efficient way, using a QED result for meson decays mediated by two virtual
photons: $B_s \to \gamma^* \gamma^* \to e^+ e^- \mu^+ \mu^-$. A comment is made
on the correlation between the planes of the two lepton pairs. The conversion
ratios $\rho_{lll'l'}= \frac{\Gamma(B_s \to l^+ l^- l'^+ l'^-)}{\Gamma(B_s \to
\gamma \gamma)}$ are estimated to be $\rho_{eeee}=3 \times 10^{-4},
\rho_{ee\mu\mu}=9 \times 10^{-5} \text{and} \rho_{\mu\mu\mu\mu}=3 \times
10^{-5}$, and are enhanced relative to pure QED by $10-30 %$.Comment: Two typos corrected: (i) factor $1/\Gamma_{\gamma\gamma}$ inserted in
  Eq. (14), (ii) co-ordinate labels $x_{12},x_{34}$ inserted in Figs. 1-3. To
  appear in Physics Letters
A method for quantifying the Gamma Ray Burst "bias". Application in the
  redshift range 0-1.1

Long Gamma Ray Bursts (LGRBs) are related to the final stages of evolution of
massive stars. As such, they should follow the star formation rate (SFR) of
galaxies. We can use them to probe for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the
distant universe following this assumption. The relation between the rate of
LGRBs in a given galaxy and its SFR (that we call the LGRB "bias") may be
complex, as we have indications that the LGRB hosts are not perfect analogues
to the general population of SFGs. In this work, we try to quantify the
dependence of the LGRB bias on physical parameters of their host galaxy such as
the SFR or the stellar mass. We propose an empirical method based on the
comparison of stellar mass functions (and SFR distributions) of LGRB hosts and
of SFGs in order to find how the bias depends on the stellar mass or the SFR.
By applying this method to a sample of LGRB hosts at redshifts lower than 1.1,
where the properties of SFGs are well established, and where the properties of
LGRB host galaxies can be deduced from observations (for stellar masses larger
than 10**9.25 Msun and SFR larger than 1.8 Msun / yr), we find that the LGRB
bias depends on both the stellar mass and SFR. We find that the bias decreases
with the SFR, i.e. we see no preference for highly SFGs, once taken into
account the larger number of massive stars in galaxies with larger SFR. We do
not find any trend with the specific star formation rate (SSFR) but the
dynamical range in SSFR in our study is narrow. Although through an indirect
method, we relate these trends to a possible decrease of the LGRBs rate / SFR
ratio with the metallicity. The method we propose suggests trends that may be
useful to constrain models of LGRB progenitors, showing a clear decrease of the
LGRB bias with the metallicity. This is promising for the future as the number
of LGRB hosts studied will increase.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted in A&
The EDMR Microscope - Combining Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy with
  Electrically Detected Magnetic Resonance

We present the design and implementation of a scanning probe microscope,
which combines electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) and
(photo-)conductive atomic force microscopy ((p)cAFM). The integration of a
3-loop 2-gap X-band microwave resonator into an AFM allows the use of
conductive AFM tips as a movable contact for EDMR experiments. The optical
readout of the AFM cantilever is based on an infrared laser to avoid
disturbances of current measurements by absorption of straylight of the
detection laser. Using amorphous silicon thin film samples with varying defect
densities, the capability to detect a spatial EDMR contrast is demonstrated.
Resonant current changes as low as 20 fA can be detected, allowing the method
to realize a spin sensitivity of 8*10^6 spins/Hz^0.5 at room temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure
Critical RSOS and Minimal Models II: Building Representations of the
  Virasoro Algebra and Fields

We consider sl(2) minimal conformal field theories and the dual parafermion
models. Guided by results for the critical A_L Restricted Solid-on-Solid (RSOS)
models and its Virasoro modules expressed in terms of paths, we propose a
general level-by-level algorithm to build matrix representations of the
Virasoro generators and chiral vertex operators (CVOs). We implement our scheme
for the critical Ising, tricritical Ising, 3-state Potts and Yang-Lee theories
on a cylinder and confirm that it is consistent with the known two-point
functions for the CVOs and energy-momentum tensor. Our algorithm employs a
distinguished basis which we call the L_1-basis. We relate the states of this
canonical basis level-by-level to orthonormalized Virasoro states
Six-Dimensional Supergravity on $S^{3} x AdS_{3}$ and 2d Conformal Field Theory

In this paper we study the relation between six-dimensional supergravity compactified on S^3 X AdS_3 and certain two-dimensional conformal field theories. We compute the Kaluza-Klein spectrum of supergravity using representation theory; these methods are quite general and can also be applied to other compactifications involving anti-de Sitter spaces. A detailed comparison between the spectrum of the two-dimensional conformal field theory and supergravity is made, and we find complete agreement. This applies even at the level of certain non-chiral primaries, and we propose a resolution to the puzzle of the missing states recently raised by Vafa. As a further illustration of the method the Kaluza-Klein spectra of F-theory on M^6 X S^3 X AdS_3 and of M-theory on M^6 X S^2 X AdS_3 are computed, with M^6 some Calabi-Yau manifold
Mass and CKM Matrices of Quark and Leptons, the Leptonic CP-phase in neutrino oscillations

A general approach for construction of quark and lepton mass matrices is formulated. The hierarchy of quarks and charged leptons ("electrons") is large, it leads using the experimental values of mixing angles to the hierarchical mass matrix slightly deviating from one's suggested earlier by Stech and including naturally the CP-phase. The same method based on the rotation of generation numbers in the diagonal mass matrix is used in the electron-neutrino sector of theory, where neutrino mass matrix is determined by the Majorano see-saw approach. The hierarchy of neutrino masses, much smaller than for quarks, was used including all existing (even preliminary) experimental data on neutrinos mixing. The leptonic mass matrix found in this way includes not known value of the leptonic CP-phase. It leads to a large $\nu_\mu \nu_\tau$ oscillations and suppresses the $\nu_e\nu_\tau$ and also $\nu_e \nu_\mu$ oscillations. The explicit expressions for the probabilities of neutrino oscillation were obtained in order to specify the role of leptonic CP-phase. The value of time reversal effect (proportional to $\sin\delta'$) was found to be small $\sim 1%$. However, a dependence of the values of $\nu_e \nu_\mu, \nu_e \nu_\tau$ transition probabilities, averaged over oscillations, on the leptonic CP-phase has found to be not small - of order of tens percent
Theory of Light Hydrogen-like Atoms

The present status and recent developments in the theory of light hydrogenicatoms are extensively reviewed. The discussion is based on the quantum fieldtheoretical approach to loosely bound composite systems. The basics of thequantum field theoretical approach, which provide the framework needed for asystematic derivation of all higher order corrections to the energy levels, arebriefly discussed. The main physical ideas behind the derivation of allbinding, recoil, radiative, radiative-recoil, and nonelectromagneticspin-dependent and spin-independent corrections to energy levels of hydrogenicatoms are discussed and, wherever possible, the fundamental elements of thederivations of these corrections are provided. The emphasis is on newtheoretical results which were not available in earlier reviews. An up-to-dateset of all theoretical contributions to the energy levels is contained in thepaper. The status of modern theory is tested by comparing the theoreticalresults for the energy levels with the most precise experimental results forthe Lamb shifts and gross structure intervals in hydrogen, deuterium, andhelium ion $He^+$, and with the experimental data on the hyperfine splitting inmuonium, hydrogen and deuterium
Painlev\'e analysis and integrability properties of a $2+1$
  nonrelativistic field theory.

A model for planar phenomena introduced by Jackiw and Pi and described by a
Lagrangian including a Chern-Simons term is considered. The associated
equations of motion, among which a 2+1 gauged nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation,
are rewritten into a gauge independent form involving the modulus of the matter
field. Application of a Painlev\'e analysis, as adapted to partial differential
equations by Weiss, Tabor and Carnevale, shows up resonance values that are all
integer. However, compatibility conditions need be considered which cannot be
satisfied consistently in general. Such a result suggests that the examined
equations are not integrable, but provides tools for the investigation of the
integrability of different reductions. This in particular puts forward the
familiar integrable Liouville and 1+1 nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, IPNO/TH 95-05, LPTHE-ORSAY 95-06