pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Clustering high-dimensional mixed data to uncover sub-phenotypes: joint analysis of phenotypic and genotypic data

The LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study, like many others, recorded high-dimensional continuous phenotypic data and categorical genotypic data. LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX focuses on the need to account for both phenotypic and genetic factors when studying the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex disorder that can lead to higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Interest lies in clustering the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX participants into homogeneous groups or sub-phenotypes, by jointly considering their phenotypic and genotypic data, and in determining which variables are discriminatory. A novel latent variable model that elegantly accommodates high dimensional, mixed data is developed to cluster LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX participants using a Bayesian finite mixture model. A computationally efficient variable selection algorithm is incorporated, estimation is via a Gibbs sampling algorithm and an approximate BIC-MCMC criterion is developed to select the optimal model. Two clusters or sub-phenotypes (healthy' and at risk') are uncovered. A small subset of variables is deemed discriminatory, which notably includes phenotypic and genotypic variables, highlighting the need to jointly consider both factors. Further, 7years after the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX data were collected, participants underwent further analysis to diagnose presence or absence of the MetS. The two uncovered sub-phenotypes strongly correspond to the 7-year follow-up disease classification, highlighting the role of phenotypic and genotypic factors in the MetS and emphasising the potential utility of the clustering approach in early screening. Additionally, the ability of the proposed approach to define the uncertainty in sub-phenotype membership at the participant level is synonymous with the concepts of precision medicine and nutrition
Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with H.E.S.S.

The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) γ-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 10⁴ yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual γ-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total γ-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE γ-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13−0.11.H. Abdalla … R. Blackwell … P. de Wilt … J. Hawkes … J. Lau … N. Maxted … G. Rowell … F. Voisin … et al. [The H.E.S.S. Collaboration
The role of feedback in morphological computation with compliant bodies

The generation of robust periodic movements of complex nonlinear robotic systems is inherently difficult, especially, if parts of the robots are compliant. It has previously been proposed that complex nonlinear features of a robot, similarly as in biological organisms, might possibly facilitate its control. This bold hypothesis, commonly referred to as morphological computation, has recently received some theoretical support by Hauser etal. (Biol Cybern 105:355-370, doi: 10.1007/s00422-012-0471-0 , 2012). We show in this article that this theoretical support can be extended to cover not only the case of fading memory responses to external signals, but also the essential case of autonomous generation of adaptive periodic patterns, as, e.g., needed for locomotion. The theory predicts that feedback into the morphological computing system is necessary and sufficient for such tasks, for which a fading memory is insufficient. We demonstrate the viability of this theoretical analysis through computer simulations of complex nonlinear mass-spring systems that are trained to generate a large diversity of periodic movements by adapting the weights of a simple linear feedback device. Hence, the results of this article substantially enlarge the theoretically tractable application domain of morphological computation in robotics, and also provide new paradigms for understanding control principles of biological organism
Medicinal plants in the diet of woolly spider monkeys ( Brachyteles arachnoides , E. Geoffroy, 1806) – a bio-rational for the search of new medicines for human use?

The present study aimed to compare the plant food diet of woolly spider monkeys (Brachyteles arachnoides) inhabiting Intervales State Park in São Paulo, Brazil, with medicinal plant species used by humans in the surrounding areas of the park. The diet of a group of woolly spider monkeys living in an Atlantic forest area was recorded during 43 months of fieldwork. Fifty-three species (87 food items) were recorded. Plant specimens were collected and identified at the University of São Paulo and the Botanical Institute of São Paulo State. Using semi-structured interviews, ethnomedicinal data were also collected from four preselected respondents regarding the human therapeutic value of these plants. The study showed that 24.5% (13/53) of these species are used by residents around the park for medicinal purposes. Of these thirteen, seven species also have validated pharmacological properties, and three are utilized by local residents for similar medicinal purposes. Overlap in the plant food/medicinal diet of woolly spider monkey populations elsewhere were also noted, suggesting potential overlap in their medicinal value for humans and primates. The similarities between the ingestion of plants by primates and their medicinal use by humans provide a bio-rational for the search of bioactive plants in the primate diet. Further detailed investigation of their pharmacological and phytochemical value is warranted
Reduced Dopamine Receptor Sensitivity as an Intermediate Phenotype in Alcohol Dependence and the Role of the COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A Genotypes

Contains fulltext :
                  102834.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Context: Alcohol dependence is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability. However, genetic association studies on alcohol dependence are often troubled by nonreplication. The use of intermediate phenotypes may help make clear the mode of action of various candidate genes and improve the reproducibility of genetic association studies.
Objective: To test central dopamine receptor sensitivity as an intermediate phenotype for alcohol dependence, specifically evaluating the hypothesis that the dopaminergic genes COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A affect dopamine receptor sensitivity.
Design: Case-control pharmacogenetic challenge study.
Setting: Patients with alcohol dependence admitted for detoxification were compared with healthy control subjects matched for age and level of education.
Participants: Patients (n = 110) were a consecutive sample, whereas controls (n = 99) were recruited through advertisements in regional newspapers.
Intervention: A dopamine challenge test was subcutaneously administered using the dopamine agonist apomorphine hydrochloride (0.005 mg/kg).
Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were plasma growth hormone levels and results of a continuous performance task.
Results: Central dopamine receptor sensitivity is reduced in alcohol dependence, and this is modulated by dopaminergic genes. Specifically, DRD2 Taq1A genotype affected dopamine receptor sensitivity as measured by plasma growth hormone levels, and COMT Val158Met genotype affected dopamine receptor sensitivity as measured by performance on a continuous performance task. In a logistic regression analysis, reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity on both measures predicted alcohol dependence, without an additive effect of the COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A genotypes.
Conclusions: COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A may affect the intermediate phenotype of central dopamine receptor sensitivity. COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A may confer their risk of alcohol dependence through reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex and hindbrain, respectively.10 p
Molecular gas in AzTEC/C159 : a star-forming disk galaxy 1.3 Gyr after the Big Bang.

We studied the molecular gas properties of AzTEC/C159, a star-forming disk galaxy at z = 4.567, in order to better constrain the nature of the high-redshift end of the submillimeter-selected galaxy (SMG) population. We secured 12CO molecular line detections for the J = 2 →1 and J = 5 →4 transitions using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) interferometer. The broad (FWHM ~ 750 km s−1) and tentative double-peaked profiles of the two 12CO lines are consistent with an extended molecular gas reservoir, which is distributed in a rotating disk, as previously revealed from [CII] 158 μm line observations. Based on the 12CO(2 →1) emission line, we derived L′CO=(3.4±0.6)×1010 K km s−1 pc2, which yields a molecular gas mass of MH2(αCO/4.3)=(1.5±0.3)×1011 M⊙ and unveils a gas-rich system with μgas(αCO/4.3)≡MH2/M⋆=3.3±0.7. The extreme star formation efficiency of AzTEC/C159, parametrized by the ratio LIR/L′CO=(216±80) L⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1, is comparable to merger-driven starbursts such as local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies and SMGs. Likewise, the 12CO(5 →4)/CO(2 →1) line brightness temperature ratio of r52 = 0.55 ± 0.15 is consistent with high-excitation conditions as observed in SMGs. Based on mass budget considerations, we constrained the value for the L′CO – H2 mass conversion factor in AzTEC/C159, that is, αCO=3.9−1.3+2.7 M⊙ K−1 km−1 s pc−2, which is consistent with a self-gravitating molecular gas distribution as observed in local star-forming disk galaxies. Cold gas streams from cosmological filaments might be fueling a gravitationally unstable gas-rich disk in AzTEC/C159, which breaks into giant clumps and forms stars as efficiently as in merger-driven systems and generates high gas excitation. These results support the evolutionary connection between AzTEC/C159-like systems and massive quiescent disk galaxies at z ~ 2
Solutions for the stable roommates problem with payments. \ud

The stable roommates problem with payments has as input a graph G=(V,E)G=(V,E) with an edge weighting w:E→R≥0w:E→R≥0 and the problem is to find a stable solution. A solution is a matching MM with a vector p∈R≥0V that satisfies pu+pv=w(uv)pu+pv=w(uv) for all uv∈Muv∈M and pu=0pu=0 for all uu unmatched in MM. A solution is stable if it prevents blocking pairs, i.e., pairs of adjacent vertices uu and vv with pu+pv<w(uv)pu+pv<w(uv), or equivalently, if the total blocking value ∑uv∈Emax{0,w(uv)−(pu+pv)}=0∑uv∈Emax{0,w(uv)−(pu+pv)}=0. By pinpointing a relationship to the accessibility of the coalition structure core of matching games, we give a constructive proof for showing that every yes-instance of the stable roommates problem with payments allows a path of linear length that starts in an arbitrary unstable solution and that ends in a stable solution. This generalizes a result of Chen, Fujishige and Yang [2011] for bipartite instances to general instances. We also show that the problems Blocking Pairs and Blocking Value, which are to find a solution with a minimum number of blocking pairs or a minimum total blocking value, respectively, are NP-hard. Finally, we prove that the variant of the first problem, in which the number of blocking pairs must be minimized with respect to some fixed matching, is NP-hard, whereas this variant of the second problem is polynomial-time solvable
Conformal SO(2,4) Transformations of the One-Cusp Wilson Loop Surface

By applying the conformal SO(2,4) transformations to the elementary one-cusp
Wilson loop surface we construct various two-cusp and four-cusp Wilson loop
surface configurations in AdS_5 and demonstrate that they solve the string
equations of the Nambu-Goto string action. The conformal boosts of the basic
four-cusp Wilson loop surface with a square-form projection generate various
four-cusp Wilson loop surfaces with projections of the rescaled square, the
rhombus and the trapezium, on which surfaces the classical Euclidean Nambu-Goto
string actions in the IR dimensional regularization are evaluated.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, no figure
Standard model anomalies in curved space-time with torsion

Using the Fujikawa and the heat-kernel methods we make a complete and detailed computation of the global, gauge, and gravitational anomalies in the standard model defined on a curved space-time with torsion. We find new contributions coming from the curvature and the torsion to the leptonic number anomaly (so that B-L is not conserved anymore) to the U(1)(Y) gauge and to the mixed U(1)(Y)-gravitational anomalies. However, neither gauge nor gravitational new anomaly cancellation conditions for the hypercharges arise
Spin-orbit torque opposing the Oersted torque in ultrathin Co/Pt bilayers.

Current-induced torques in ultrathin Co/Pt bilayers were investigated using an electrically driven ferromagnetic resonance technique. The angle dependence of the resonances, detected by a rectification effect as a voltage, was analysed to determine the symmetries and relative magnitudes of the spin-orbit torques. Both anti-damping (Slonczewski) and field-like torques were observed. As the ferromagnet thickness was reduced from 3 to 1 nm, the sign of the sum of the field-like torque and Oersted torque reversed. This observation is consistent with the emergence of a Rashba spin orbit torque in ultra-thin bilayers
Quasifission and difference in formation of evaporation residues in the
  $^{16}$O+$^{184}$W and $^{19}$F+$^{181}$Ta reactions

The excitation functions of capture, complete fusion, and evaporation residue
formation in the $^{16}$O+$^{184}$W and $^{19}$F+$^{181}$Ta reactions leading
to the same $^{200}$Pb compound nucleus has been studied theoretically to
explain the experimental data showing more intense yield of evaporation residue
in the former reaction in comparison with that in the latter reaction. The
observed difference is explained by large capture cross section in the former
and by increase of the quasifission contribution to the yield of fission-like
fragments in the $^{19}$F+$^{181}$Ta reaction at large excitation energies. The
probability of compound nucleus formation in the $^{16}$O+$^{184}$W reaction is
larger but compound nuclei formed in both reactions have similar angular
momentum ranges at the same excitation energy. The observed decrease of
evaporation residue cross section normalized to the fusion cross section in the
$^{19}$F+$^{181}$Ta reaction in comparison with the one in the
$^{16}$O+$^{184}$W reaction at high excitation energies is explained by the
increase of hindrance in the formation of compound nucleus connected with more
quick increase of the quasifission contribution in the $^{19}$F induced
reaction. The spin distributions of the evaporation residue cross sections for
the two reactions are also presented.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Interaction of vortices in viscous planar flows

We consider the inviscid limit for the two-dimensional incompressible
Navier-Stokes equation in the particular case where the initial flow is a
finite collection of point vortices. We suppose that the initial positions and
the circulations of the vortices do not depend on the viscosity parameter \nu,
and we choose a time T > 0 such that the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff point vortex
system is well-posed on the interval [0,T]. Under these assumptions, we prove
that the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation converges, as \nu -> 0, to a
superposition of Lamb-Oseen vortices whose centers evolve according to a
viscous regularization of the point vortex system. Convergence holds uniformly
in time, in a strong topology which allows to give an accurate description of
the asymptotic profile of each individual vortex. In particular, we compute to
leading order the deformations of the vortices due to mutual interactions. This
allows to estimate the self-interactions, which play an important role in the
convergence proof.Comment: 39 pages, 1 figur
Above threshold s-wave resonances illustrated by the 1/2$^+$ states in
  $^9$Be and $^9$B

We solve the persistent problem of the structure of the lowest $1/2^+$
resonance in $^9$Be which is important to bridge the A=8 gap in nucleosynthesis
in stars. We show that the state is a genuine three-body resonance even though
it decays entirely into neutron-$^8$Be relative s-waves. The necessary barrier
is created by "dynamical" evolution of the wave function as the short-distance
$\alpha$-$^5$He structure is changed into the large-distance n-$^8$Be
structure. This decay mechanism leads to a width about two times smaller than
table values. The previous interpretations as a virtual state or a two-body
resonance are incorrect. The isobaric analog 1/2$^+$ state in $^9$B is found to
have energy and width in the vicinity of 2.0 MeV and 1.5 MeV, respectively. We
also predict another 1/2$^+$ resonance in $^9$B with similar energy and width.Comment: To be published in Physics Letters
Potential for a new muon g-2 experiment

A new experiment to measure the muon g-2 factor is proposed. We suppose the
sensitivity of this experiment to be about 0.03 ppm. The developed experiment
can be performed on an ordinary storage ring with a noncontinuous field created
by usual magnets. When the total length of straight sections of the ring is
appropriate, the spin rotation frequency becomes almost independent of the
particle momentum. In this case, a high-precision measurement of an average
magnetic field can be carried out with polarized proton beams. A muon beam
energy can be arbitrary. Possibilities to avoid a betatron resonance are
analyzed and corrections to the g-2 frequency are considered.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Boundary Conditions of Subharmonic Oscillations in
  Fixed-Switching-Frequency DC-DC Converters

Design-oriented boundary conditions for subharmonic oscillations are of great
interest recently. Based on a subharmonic oscillation boundary condition
reported in a PhD thesis more than a decade ago, extended new boundary
conditions are derived in closed forms for general switching DC-DC converters.
Sampled-data and harmonic balance analyses are applied and generate equivalent
results. It is shown that equivalent series resistance causes the boundary
conditions for voltage/current mode control to have similar forms. Some
recently reported boundary conditions become special cases in view of the
general boundary conditions derived. New Nyquist-like design-oriented plots are
proposed to predict or prevent the occurrence of the subharmonic oscillation.
The relation between the crossover frequency and the subharmonic oscillation is
also analyzed.Comment: Title changed. Submitted to a journal on 2/24/11, and resubmitted to
  IJCTA on 8/10/11. Added: S-plot to determine the required ramp slope, V2
  control, a counterexample (Example 5) of the ripple index hypothesis. The key
  results traced back from my 1997 PhD thesis, available:
  http://www.lib.umd.edu/drum/. My five IJCTA papers in arXiv have two common
  reviewer
Dislocation theory as a 3-dimensional translation gauge theory

We consider the static elastoplastic theory of dislocations in an
elastoplastic material. We use a Yang-Mills type Lagrangian (the teleparallel
equivalent of Hilbert-Einstein Lagrangian) and some Lagrangians with
anisotropic constitutive laws. The translational part of the generalized affine
connection is utilized to describe the theory of elastoplasticity in the
framework of a translation gauge theory. We obtain a system of Yang-Mills field
equations which express the balance of force and moment.Comment: to appear in Annalen der Physik (2000
Metal Nanowires: Quantum Transport, Cohesion, and Stability

Metal nanowires exhibit a number of interesting properties: their electrical
conductance is quantized, their shot-noise is suppressed by the Pauli
principle, and they are remarkably strong and stable. We show that many of
these properties can be understood quantitatively using a nanoscale
generalization of the free-electron model. Possible technological applications
of nanowires are also discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 5 postscript figures, lectures given at Pan-American
  Advanced Studies Institute on Physics and Technology at the Nanometer Scal
Constraints on neutrino-photon interactions from rare Z decays

It is shown that the rare decays $Z \to \nu \bar{nu} \gamma$ and $Z \to \nu
\bar{\nu} \gamma \gamma$ are useful to put model-independent bounds on
neutrino-one-photon and neutrino-two-photon interactions. The results are then
used to constrain the $\tau$ neutrino magnetic moment and the double radiative
decay $\nu_j \to \nu_i \gamma \gamma$. It is found that the decay $Z \to \nu
\bar{nu} \gamma$ gives a more stringent bound on the $\tau$ neutrino magnetic
moment than that obtained from $Z \to \nu \bar{\nu} \gamma \gamma$; the latter
decay in turn gives limits on the neutrino-two-photon interaction that are less
stringent than those obtained for a sterile neutrino $\nu_s$ from the analysis
of $\nu_\mu N \to \nu_s N$ conversion.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, elsart forma
Superbubble dynamics in globular cluster infancy I. How do globular
  clusters first lose their cold gas?

The picture of the early evolution of globular clusters has been
significantly revised in recent years. Current scenarios require at least two
generations of stars of which the first generation (1G), and therefore also the
protocluster cloud, has been much more massive than the currently predominating
second generation (2G). Fast gas expulsion is thought to unbind the majority of
the 1G stars. Gas expulsion is also mandatory to remove metal-enriched
supernova ejecta, which are not found in the 2G stars. It has long been thought
that the supernovae themselves are the agent of the gas expulsion, based on
crude energetics arguments. Here, we assume that gas expulsion happens via the
formation of a superbubble, and describe the kinematics by a thin-shell model.
We find that supernova- driven shells are destroyed by the Rayleigh-Taylor
instability before they reach escape speed for all but perhaps the least
massive and most extended clusters. More power is required to expel the gas,
which might plausibly be provided by a coherent onset of accretion onto the
stellar remnants. The resulting kpc-sized bubbles might be observable in
Faraday rotation maps with the planned Square Kilometre Array radio telescope
against polarised background radio lobes if a globular cluster would happen to
form in front of such a radio lobe.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted by A&A Letter