pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Beyond complex Langevin equations II: a positive representation of
  Feynman path integrals directly in the Minkowski time

Recently found positive representation for an arbitrary complex, gaussian
weight is used to construct a statistical formulation of gaussian path
integrals directly in the Minkowski time. The positivity of Minkowski weights
is achieved by doubling the number of real variables. The continuum limit of
the new representation exists only if some of the additional couplings tend to
infinity and are tuned in a specific way. The construction is then successfully
applied to three quantum mechanical examples including a particle in a constant
magnetic field -- a simplest prototype of a Wilson line. Further
generalizations are shortly discussed and an intriguing interpretation of new
variables is alluded to.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, references adde
Black supernovae and black holes in non-local gravity

In a previous paper, we studied the interior solution of a collapsing body in
a non-local theory of gravity super-renormalizable at the quantum level. We
found that the classical singularity is replaced by a bounce, after which the
body starts expanding. A black hole, strictly speaking, never forms. The
gravitational collapse does not create an event horizon but only an apparent
one for a finite time. In this paper, we solve the equations of motion assuming
that the exterior solution is static. With such an assumption, we are able to
reconstruct the solution in the whole spacetime, namely in both the exterior
and interior regions. Now the gravitational collapse creates an event horizon
in a finite comoving time, but the central singularity is approached in an
infinite time. We argue that these black holes should be unstable, providing a
link between the scenarios with and without black holes. Indeed, we find a non
catastrophic ghost-instability of the metric in the exterior region.
Interestingly, under certain conditions, the lifetime of our black holes
exactly scales as the Hawking evaporation time.Comment: 1+16 pages, 5 figure
One-loop superstring six-point amplitudes and anomalies in pure spinor
  superspace

We present the massless six-point one-loop amplitudes in the open and closed
superstring using BRST cohomology arguments from the pure spinor formalism. The
hexagon gauge anomaly is traced back to a class of kinematic factors in pure
spinor superspace which were recently introduced as BRST pseudo-invariants.
This complements previous work where BRST invariance arguments were used to
derive the non-anomalous part of the amplitude. The associated worldsheet
functions are non-singular and demonstrated to yield total derivatives on
moduli space upon gauge variation. These cohomology considerations yield an
efficient organizing principle for closed-string amplitudes that match
expectations from S-duality in the low-energy limit.Comment: harvmac TeX, 35 pages; v2: cosmetic changes, typos corrected,
  references updated, published versio
Quantum gravity and the holographic dark energy cosmology

The holographic dark energy model is obtained from a cosmological constant
generated by generic quantum gravity effects giving a minimum length. By
contrast, the usual bound for the energy density to be limited by the formation
of a black hole simply gives the Friedmann equation. The scale of the current
cosmological constant relative to the inflationary scale is an arbitrary
parameter characterizing initial conditions, which however can be fixed by
introducing a physical principle during inflation, as a function of the number
of e-folds and the inflationary scale.Comment: 11 pages, no figures; references added, notation changed in section
Probing a slepton Higgs on all frontiers

We study several aspects of supersymmetric models with a $U(1)_R$ symmetry
where the Higgs doublet is identified with the superpartner of a lepton. We
derive new, stronger bounds on the gaugino masses based on current
measurements, and also propose ways to probe the model up to scales of
$\mathcal{O}(10\, \textrm{TeV})$ at future $e^+e^-$ colliders. Since the
$U(1)_R$ symmetry cannot be exact, we analyze the effects of $R$-symmetry
breaking on neutrino masses and proton decay. In particular, we find that
getting the neutrino mixing angles to agree with experiments in a minimal model
requires a UV cutoff for the theory at around $ 10 \text{ TeV} $.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures; v2: added reference. Matches version published
  in JHE
Energy spectra of massive two-body decay products and mass measurement

We have recently established a new method for measuring the mass of unstable
particles produced at hadron colliders based on the analysis of the energy
distribution of a massless product from their two-body decays. The central
ingredient of our proposal is the remarkable result that, for an unpolarized
decaying particle, the location of the peak in the energy distribution of the
observed decay product is identical to the (fixed) value of the energy that
this particle would have in the rest-frame of the decaying particle, which, in
turn, is a simple function of the involved masses. In addition, we utilized the
property that this energy distribution is symmetric around the location of peak
when energy is plotted on a logarithmic scale. The general strategy was
demonstrated in several specific cases, including both beyond the SM particles,
as well as for the top quark. In the present work, we generalize this method to
the case of a massive decay product from a two-body decay; this procedure is
far from trivial because (in general) both the above- mentioned properties are
no longer valid. Nonetheless, we propose a suitably modified parametrization of
the energy distribution that was used successfully for the massless case, which
can deal with the massive case as well. We establish the accuracy of this
parametrization using concrete examples of energy spectra of Z bosons from the
decay of a heavier stop into a Z boson and a lighter stop. We then study a
realistic application for the same process, but now including dominant
backgrounds and using foreseeable statistics at LHC14, in order to determine
the performance of this method for an actual mass measurement. The upshot of
our present and previous work is that, in spite of energy being a
Lorentz-variant quantity, its distribution emerges as a powerful tool for mass
measurement at hadron colliders.Comment: 37 pages, 8 figure
Localizing gauge theories on $S^d$

We conjecture the form of the one-loop determinants for localized gauge
theories with eight supersymmetries on $d$-dimensional spheres. Combining this
with results for the localized action, we investigate the strong coupling
behavior in the large $N$ limit for a continuous range of $d$. In particular,
we find the $N$ dependence of the free energy for supersymmetric Yang-Mills
with only a vector multiplet in $3<d<4$ and for maximally supersymmetric
Yang-Mills in $3< d<6$. We also argue that this gives an effective way to
regularize divergences after localization in $d=4$ for ${\mathcal N}=2$ gauge
theories and $d=6$ for the maximally supersymmetric case.Comment: 17 pages; v2: Typos correcte
The case for 100 GeV bino dark matter: A dedicated LHC tri-lepton search

Global fit studies performed in the pMSSM and the photon excess signal
originating from the Galactic Center seem to suggest compressed electroweak
supersymmetric spectra with a $\sim$100 GeV bino-like dark matter particle. We
find that these scenarios are not probed by traditional electroweak
supersymmetry searches at the LHC. We propose to extend the ATLAS and CMS
electroweak supersymmetry searches with an improved strategy for bino-like dark
matter, focusing on chargino plus next-to-lightest neutralino production, with
a subsequent decay into a tri-lepton final state. We explore the sensitivity
for pMSSM scenarios with $\Delta m = m_{\rm NLSP} - m_{\rm LSP} \sim (5 - 50)$
GeV in the $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV run of the LHC. Counterintuitively, we find that
the requirement of low missing transverse energy increases the sensitivity
compared to the current ATLAS and CMS searches. With 300 fb$^{-1}$ of data we
expect the LHC experiments to be able to discover these supersymmetric spectra
with mass gaps down to $\Delta m \sim 9$ GeV for DM masses between 40 and 140
GeV. We stress the importance of a dedicated search strategy that targets
precisely these favored pMSSM spectra.Comment: Published in JHE
Combination of Run-1 Exotic Searches in Diboson Final States at the LHC

We perform a statistical combination of the ATLAS and CMS results for the
search of a heavy resonance decaying to a pair of vector bosons with the
$\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV datasets collected at the LHC. We take into account six
searches in hadronic and semileptonic final states carried out by the two
collaborations. We consider only public information provided by ATLAS and CMS
in the HEPDATA database and in papers published in refereed journals. We
interpret the combined results within the context of a few benchmark new
physics models, such as models predicting the existence of a
{\ensuremath{\mathrm{W^\prime}}\xspace} or a bulk Randall-Sundrum spin--2
resonance, for which we present exclusion limits, significances, $p$-values and
best-fit cross sections. A heavy diboson resonance with a production cross
section of $\sim$4-5 fb and mass between 1.9 and 2.0 TeV is the exotic scenario
most consistent with the experimental results. Models in which a heavy
resonance decays preferentially to a WW final state are disfavoured.Comment: Update to match published version. Brief notes have been added on (i)
  the compatibility of our findings with preliminary Run-2 search results
  reported by ATLAS and CMS in Dec'15, and (ii) a comparison of statistical
  methods that we employ with simplified practices used by theoretical
  community. Updates in bibliography & acknowledgements sections, and minor
  editorial changes have also been mad
Axion Monodromy and the Weak Gravity Conjecture

Axions with broken discrete shift symmetry (axion monodromy) have recently
played a central role both in the discussion of inflation and the `relaxion'
approach to the hierarchy problem. We suggest a very minimalist way to
constrain such models by the weak gravity conjecture for domain walls: While
the electric side of the conjecture is always satisfied if the
cosine-oscillations of the axion potential are sufficiently small, the magnetic
side imposes a cutoff, $\Lambda^3 \sim m f M_{pl}$, independent of the height
of these `wiggles'. We compare our approach with the recent related proposal by
Ibanez, Montero, Uranga and Valenzuela. We also discuss the non-trivial
question which version, if any, of the weak gravity conjecture for domain walls
should hold. In particular, we show that string compactifications with branes
of different dimensions wrapped on different cycles lead to a `geometric weak
gravity conjecture' relating volumes of cycles, norms of corresponding forms
and the volume of the compact space. Imposing this `geometric conjecture',
e.g.~on the basis of the more widely accepted weak gravity conjecture for
particles, provides at least some support for the (electric and magnetic)
conjecture for domain walls.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added, typos corrected; v3:
  published version + minor clarifications on self dual flux in Sec. 3.
Diffractive dijet photoproduction in ultraperipheral collisions at the
  LHC in next-to-leading order QCD

We make predictions for the cross sections of diffractive dijet
photoproduction in $pp$, $pA$ and $AA$ ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at the
LHC during Runs 1 and 2 using next-to-leading perturbative QCD. We find that
the resulting cross sections are sufficiently large and, compared to
lepton-proton scattering at HERA, have an enhanced sensitivity to small
observed momentum fractions in the diffractive exchange, commonly denoted
$z_{P}^{\rm jets}$, and an unprecedented reach in the invariant mass of the
photon-nucleon system $W$. We examine two competing schemes of diffractive QCD
factorization breaking, which assume either a global suppression factor or a
suppression for resolved photons only and demonstrate that the two scenarios
can be distinguished by the nuclear dependence of the distributions in the
observed parton momentum fraction in the photon $x_{\gamma}^{\rm jets}$.Comment: 39 pages, 20 figure
Heavy Fermion Bound States for Diphoton Excess at 750GeV $\sim$ Collider
  and Cosmological Constraints $\sim$

A colored heavy particle with sufficiently small width may form
non-relativistic bound states when they are produced at the large hadron
collider\,(LHC), and they can annihilate into a diphoton final state. The
invariant mass of the diphoton would be around twice of the colored particle
mass. In this paper, we study if such bound state can be responsible for the
750 GeV diphoton excess reported by ATLAS and CMS. We found that the best-fit
signal cross section is obtained for the SU(2)$_L$ singlet colored fermion $X$
with $Y_X=4/3$. Having such an exotic hypercharge, the particle is expected to
decay through some higher dimensional operators, consistent with the small
width assumption. The decay of $X$ may involve a stable particle $\chi$, if
both $X$ and $\chi$ are odd under some conserved $Z_2$ symmetry. In that case,
the particle $X$ suffers from the constraints of jets + missing $E_T$ searches
by ATLAS and CMS at 8 TeV and 13 TeV. We found that such a scenario still
survives if the mass difference between $X$ and $\chi$ is above $\sim$ 30 GeV
for $m_X \sim 375$ GeV. Even assuming pair annihilation of $\chi$ is small, the
relic density of $\chi$ is small enough if the mass difference between $X$ and
$\chi$ is smaller than $\sim$ 40 GeV
Probing the fermionic Higgs portal at lepton colliders

We study the sensitivity of future electron-positron colliders to UV
completions of the fermionic Higgs portal operator $H^\dagger H \bar \chi
\chi$. Measurements of precision electroweak $S$ and $T$ parameters and the
$e^+e^- \to Zh$ cross section at the CEPC, FCC-ee, and ILC are considered. The
scalar completion of the fermionic Higgs portal is closely related to the
scalar Higgs portal, and we summarize existing results. We devote the bulk of
our analysis to a singlet-doublet fermion completion. Assuming the doublet is
sufficiently heavy, we construct the effective field theory (EFT) at
dimension-6 in order to compute contributions to the observables. We also
provide full one-loop results for $S$ and $T$ in the general mass parameter
space. In both completions, future precision measurements can probe the new
states at the (multi-)TeV scale, beyond the direct reach of the LHC.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures. Published versio
Large BR(h->tau mu) in the MSSM?

We study how large the rate of the lepton-flavor violating Higgs decay h->tau
mu can be in the (R-parity conserving) MSSM. We make no assumptions, such as
universality or alignment, about the flavor structure of the MSSM. We only
assume that all couplings and, in particular, the trilinear scalar ones, are
perturbative. We take into account lower bounds on the bino and slepton masses
from tau->mu gamma and h->gamma gamma as well as upper bounds on the trilinear
scalar couplings from the requirement that the global minimum is not charge
breaking. We find that in highly fine-tuned regions of parameter space, the
ratio BR(h->tau mu)/BR(h->tau tau) can be enhanced by about three orders of
magnitude above the estimate from naive dimensional analysis, but still about
two orders of magnitude below the present bound. Thus, if h->tau mu is
experimentally established to be close to present bounds, the MSSM will be
excluded.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, version published in JHE
Entanglement in Weakly Coupled Lattice Gauge Theories

We present a direct lattice gauge theory computation that, without using
dualities, demonstrates that the entanglement entropy of Yang-Mills theories
with arbitrary gauge group $G$ contains a generic logarithmic term at
sufficiently weak coupling $e$. In two spatial dimensions, for a region of
linear size $r$, this term equals $\frac{1}{2} \dim(G) \log\left(e^2 r\right)$
and it dominates the universal part of the entanglement entropy. Such
logarithmic terms arise from the entanglement of the softest mode in the
entangling region with the environment. For Maxwell theory in two spatial
dimensions, our results agree with those obtained by dualizing to a compact
scalar with spontaneous symmetry breaking.Comment: 35 pages, one figure; v2 with more detailed explanations, published
  in JHE
On the renormalization of operator products: the scalar gluonic case

In this paper we study the renormalization of the product of two operators
$O_1=-\frac{1}{4} G^{\mu \nu}G_{\mu \nu}$ in QCD. An insertion of two such
operators $O_1(x)O_1(0)$ into a Greens function produces divergent contact
terms for $x\rightarrow 0$.
  In the course of the computation of the operator product expansion (OPE) of
the correlator of two such operators $i\int\!\mathrm{d}^4x\,e^{iqx}
T\{\,O_1(x)O_1(0)\}$ to three-loop order we discovered that divergent contact
terms remain not only in the leading Wilson coefficient $C_0$, which is just
the VEV of the correlator, but also in the Wilson coefficient $C_1$ in front of
$O_1$. As this correlator plays an important role for example in QCD sum rules
a full understanding of its renormalization is desireable.
  This work explains how the divergences encountered in higher orders of an OPE
of this correlator should be absorbed in counterterms and derives an additive
renormalization constant for $C_1$ from first principles and to all orders in
perturnbation theory. The method to derive the renormalization of this operator
product is an extension of the ideas of a paper by Spiridonov and can be
generalized to other cases.Comment: v2: this is the version accepted by JHEP; more detailed discussion of
  phenomenological application
Jet shapes for boosted jet two-prong decays from first-principles

Several boosted jet techniques use jet shape variables to discriminate the
multi-pronged signal from Quantum Chromodynamics backgrounds. In this paper, we
provide a first-principles study of an important class of jet shapes all of
which put a constraint on the subjet mass: the mass-drop parameter ($\mu^2$),
the $N$-subjettiness ratio ($\tau_{21}^{(\beta=2)}$) and energy correlation
functions ($C_2^{(\beta=2)}$ or $D_2^{(\beta=2)}$). We provide analytic results
both for QCD background jets as well as for signal processes. We further study
the situation where cuts on these variables are applied recursively with
Cambridge-Aachen de-clustering of the original jet. We also explore the effect
of the choice of axis for $N$-subjettiness and jet de-clustering. Our results
bring substantial new insight into the nature, gain and relative performance of
each of these methods, which we expect will influence their future application
for boosted object searches.Comment: 59 pages, 15 figure
Holomorphic field realization of SH$^c$ and quantum geometry of quiver
  gauge theories

In the context of 4D/2D dualities, SH$^c$ algebra, introduced by Schiffmann
and Vasserot, provides a systematic method to analyse the instanton partition
functions of $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories. In this paper, we
rewrite the SH$^c$ algebra in terms of three holomorphic fields $D_0(z)$,
$D_{\pm1}(z)$ with which the algebra and its epresentations are simplified. The
instanton partition functions for arbitrary $\mathcal{N}=2$ super Yang-Mills
theories with $A_n$ and $A^{(1)}_n$ type quiver diagrams are compactly
expressed as a product of four building blocks: Gaiotto state, dilatation,
flavor vertex operator and intertwiner which are written in terms of SH$^c$ and
the orthogonal basis introduced by Alba, Fateev, Litvinov and Tarnopolskiy.
These building blocks are characterized by new conditions which generalize the
known ones on the Gaiotto state and the Carlsson-Okounkov vertex. Consistency
conditions of the inner product give algebraic relations for the chiral ring
generating functions defined by Nekrasov, Pestun and Shatashvili. In particular
we show the polynomiality of the qq-characters which have been introduced as a
deformation of the Yangian characters. These relations define a second
quantization of the Seiberg-Witten geometry, and, accordingly, reduce to a
Baxter TQ-equation in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit of the Omega-background.Comment: 32 pages, 5 figures, v3: minor correction
Exact solution of Chern-Simons-matter matrix models with
  characteristic/orthogonal polynomials

We solve for finite $N$ the matrix model of supersymmetric $U(N)$
Chern-Simons theory coupled to $N_{f}$ fundamental and $N_{f}$ anti-fundamental
chiral multiplets of $R$-charge $1/2$ and of mass $m$, by identifying it with
an average of inverse characteristic polynomials in a Stieltjes-Wigert
ensemble. This requires the computation of the Cauchy transform of the
Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials, which we carry out, finding a relationship with
Mordell integrals, and hence with previous analytical results on the matrix
model. The semiclassical limit of the model is expressed, for arbitrary
$N_{f},$ in terms of a single Hermite polynomial. This result also holds for
more general matter content, involving matrix models with double-sine
functions.Comment: 17 pages, v2: a paragraph added; final, published, versio
Deformations with maximal supersymmetries part 2: off-shell formulation

Continuing our exploration of maximally supersymmetric gauge theories (MSYM) deformed by higher dimensional operators, in this paper we consider an off-shell approach based on pure spinor superspace and focus on constructing supersymmetric deformations beyond the first order. In particular, we give a construction of the Batalin-Vilkovisky action of an all-order non-Abelian Born-Infeld deformation of MSYM in the non-minimal pure spinor formalism. We also discuss subtleties in the integration over the pure spinor superspace and the relevance of Berkovits-Nekrasov regularization.Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (Graduate Fellowship)Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. FellowshipSimons Foundation (Simons Investigator Award)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award PHY-0847457
Note on Identities Inspired by New Soft Theorems

The new soft theorems, for both gravity and gauge amplitudes, have inspired a
number of works, including the discovery of new identities related to
amplitudes. In this note, we present the proof and discussion for two sets of
identities. The first set includes an identity involving the half-soft function
which had been used in the soft theorem for one-loop rational gravity
amplitudes, and another simpler identity as its byproduct. The second set
includes two identities involving the KLT momentum kernel, as the consistency
conditions of the KLT relation plus soft theorems for both gravity and gauge
amplitudes. We use the CHY formulation to prove the first identity, and
transform the second one into a convenient form for future discussion.Comment: 17 page