pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The lipid composition of a cell membrane modulates the interaction of an antiparasitic peptide at the air-water interface

The antiparasitic property of peptides is believed to be associated with their interactions with the protozoan membrane, which calls for research on the identification of membrane sites capable of peptide binding. in this study we investigated the interaction of a lipophilicglutathioine peptide known to be effective against the African Sleeping Sickness (ASS - African Trypanosomiasis) and cell membrane models represented by Langmuir monolayers. It is shown that even small amounts of the peptide affect the monolayers of some phospholipids and other lipids, which points to a significant interaction. the latter did not depend on the electrical charge of the monolayer-forming molecules but the peptide action was particularly distinctive for cholesterol + sphingomyelin monolayers that roughly resemble rafts on a cell membrane. Using in situ polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), we found that the orientation of the peptide is affected by the phospholipids and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), but not in monolayers comprising cholesterol + sphingomyelin. in this mixed monolayer resembling rafts, the peptide still interacts and has some induced order, probably because the peptide molecules are fitted together into a compact monolayer. Therefore, the lipid composition of the monolayer modulates the interaction with the lipophilic glutathioine peptide, and this may have important implications in understanding how the peptide acts on specific sites of the protozoan membrane. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)rede nBioNet (Brazil)Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias & Letras Assis, Assis, SP, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, Diadema, SP, BrazilManchester Metropolitan Univ, Sch Biol Chem & Hlth Sci, Manchester M15 6BH, Lancs, EnglandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, Diadema, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc
5-HTTLPR-environment interplay and its effects on neural reactivity in adolescents

It is not known how 5-HTTLPR genotype x childhood adversity (CA) interactions that are associated with an increased risk for affective disorders in population studies operate at the neural systems level. We hypothesized that healthy adolescents at increased genetic and environmental risk for developing mood disorders (depression and anxiety) would demonstrate increased amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli compared to those with only one such risk factor or those with none. Participants (n=67) were classified into one of 4 groups dependent on being homozygous for the long or short alleles within the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) of the SLC6A4 gene and exposure to CA in the first 11 years of life (present or absent). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation was undertaken which involved viewing emotionally-salient face stimuli. In addition, we assessed the role of other variables hypothesized to influence amygdala reactivity, namely recent negative life-events (RNLE) assessed at ages 14 and 17, current anxiety symptoms and psychiatric history. We replicated prior findings demonstrating moderation by gene variants in 5-HTTLPR, but found no support for an effect of CA on amygdala reactivity. We also found a significant effect of RNLE aged 17 with amygdala reactivity demonstrating additive, but not interactive effects with 5-HTTLPR. A whole-brain analysis found a 5-HTTLPR×CA interaction in the lingual gyrus whereby CA appears to differentially modify neural reactivity depending on genotype. These results demonstrate that two different forms of environmental adversities interplay with 5-HTTLPR and thereby differentially impact amygdala and cortical reactivity
Three-dimensional reconstruction of rat knee joint using episcopic fluorescence image capture.

[Objective]Development of the knee joint was morphologically investigated, and the process of cavitation was analyzed by using episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) to create spatial and temporal three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. [Methods]Knee joints of Wister rat embryos between embryonic day (E)14 and E20 were investigated. Samples were sectioned and visualized using an EFIC. Then, two-dimensional image stacks were reconstructed using OsiriX software, and 3D reconstructions were generated using Amira software. [Results]Cavitations of the knee joint were constructed from five divided portions. Cavity formation initiated at multiple sites at E17; among them, the femoropatellar cavity (FPC) was the first. Cavitations of the medial side preceded those of the lateral side. Each cavity connected at E20 when cavitations around the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) were completed. [Conclusion]Cavity formation initiated from six portions. In each portion, development proceeded asymmetrically. These results concerning anatomical development of the knee joint using EFIC contribute to a better understanding of the structural feature of the knee joint
Triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary disease: collaborative analysis of 101 studies.

Background\ud
\ud
Whether triglyceride-mediated pathways are causally relevant to coronary heart disease is uncertain. We studied a genetic variant that regulates triglyceride concentration to help judge likelihood of causality.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
We assessed the −1131T>C (rs662799) promoter polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene in relation to triglyceride concentration, several other risk factors, and risk of coronary heart disease. We compared disease risk for genetically-raised triglyceride concentration (20 842 patients with coronary heart disease, 35 206 controls) with that recorded for equivalent differences in circulating triglyceride concentration in prospective studies (302 430 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease; 12 785 incident cases of coronary heart disease during 2·79 million person-years at risk). We analysed −1131T>C in 1795 people without a history of cardiovascular disease who had information about lipoprotein concentration and diameter obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.\ud
\ud
Findings\ud
\ud
The minor allele frequency of −1131T>C was 8% (95% CI 7–9). −1131T>C was not significantly associated with several non-lipid risk factors or LDL cholesterol, and it was modestly associated with lower HDL cholesterol (mean difference per C allele 3·5% [95% CI 2·6–4·6]; 0·053 mmol/L [0·039–0·068]), lower apolipoprotein AI (1·3% [0·3–2·3]; 0·023 g/L [0·005–0·041]), and higher apolipoprotein B (3·2% [1·3–5·1]; 0·027 g/L [0·011–0·043]). By contrast, for every C allele inherited, mean triglyceride concentration was 16·0% (95% CI 12·9–18·7), or 0·25 mmol/L (0·20–0·29), higher (p=4·4×10−24). The odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1·18 (95% CI 1·11–1·26; p=2·6×10−7) per C allele, which was concordant with the hazard ratio of 1·10 (95% CI 1·08–1·12) per 16% higher triglyceride concentration recorded in prospective studies. −1131T>C was significantly associated with higher VLDL particle concentration (mean difference per C allele 12·2 nmol/L [95% CI 7·7–16·7]; p=9·3×10−8) and smaller HDL particle size (0·14 nm [0·08–0·20]; p=7·0×10−5), factors that could mediate the effects of triglyceride.\ud
\ud
Interpretation\ud
\ud
These data are consistent with a causal association between triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary heart disease.\ud
\ud
Funding\ud
\ud
British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, Novartis.Funding British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, Novartis2162
Regulation of BRAF protein stability by a negative feedback loop involving the MEK-ERK pathway but not the FBXW7 tumour suppressor

The V600EBRAF oncogenic mutation is detected in a wide range of human cancers and induces hyperactivation of the downstream MEK–ERK signalling cascade. Although output of the BRAF–MEK–ERK pathway is regulated by feed-forward RAF activity, feedback control also plays an important role. One such feedback pathway has been identified in Caenorhabditis elegans and involves ERK-mediated phosphorylation of BRAF within a CDC4 phosphodegron (CPD), targeting BRAF for degradation via CDC4 (also known as FBXW7), a component of the SKP1/CUL1/F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here we investigate this pathway in mammalian cells. Short-term expression of autochthonous V600EBRAF in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) leads to down-regulation of BRAF protein levels in a proteasome-dependent manner and V600EBRAF has a reduced half-life compared to WTBRAF in HEK293T cells. These effects were reversed by treatment with the MEK inhibitor PD184352. We have identified the equivalent CPD at residues 400–405 in human BRAF and have found that mutation of ERK phosphorylation sites at residues T401 and S405 in V600EBRAF increases the half-life of the protein. While BRAF and FBXW7 co-immunoprecipitated, the overexpression of FBXW7 did not influence the half-life of either WTBRAF or V600EBRAF. Furthermore, disruption of the substrate-binding site of mouse FBXW7 using the R482Q mutation did not affect the interaction with BRAF and the expression levels of WTBRAF and V600EBRAF were not altered in MEFs derived from mice with the homozygous knockin R482QFBXW7 mutation. Overall these data confirm the existence of a negative feedback pathway by which BRAF protein stability is regulated by ERK. However, unlike the situation in C. elegans, FBXW7 does not play a unique role in mediating subsequent BRAF degradation.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Holographic Q-lattices.\ud

We introduce a new framework for constructing black hole solutions that are holographically dual to strongly coupled field theories with explicitly broken translation invariance. Using a classical gravitational theory with a continuous global symmetry leads to constructions that involve solving ODEs instead of PDEs. We study in detail D = 4 Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a complex scalar field with a simple mass term. We construct black holes dual to metallic phases which exhibit a Drude-type peak in the optical conductivity, but there is no evidence of an intermediate scaling that has been reported in other holographic lattice constructions. We also construct black holes dual to insulating phases which exhibit a suppression of spectral weight at low frequencies. We show that the model also admits a novel AdS 3 × R   solution
A geospatial framework to support integrated biogeochemical modelling in the United Kingdom.

Anthropogenic impacts on the aquatic environment, especially in the context of nutrients, provide a major challenge for water resource management. The heterogeneous nature of policy relevant management units (e.g. catchments), in terms of environmental controls on nutrient source and transport, leads to the need for holistic management. However, current strategies are limited by current understanding and knowledge that is transferable between spatial scales and landscape typologies. This study presents a spatially-explicit framework to support the modelling of nutrients from land to water, encompassing environmental and spatial complexities. The framework recognises nine homogeneous landscape units, distinct in terms of sensitivity of nutrient losses to waterbodies. The functionality of the framework is demonstrated by supporting an exemplar nutrient model, applied within the Environmental Virtual Observatory pilot (EVOp) cloud cyber-infrastructure. We demonstrate scope for the use of the framework as a management decision support tool and for further development of integrated biogeochemical modelling
Dimensionality constraints of light induced rotation

We have studied the conditions of rotation induced by collimated light
carrying no angular momentum. Objects of different shapes and optical
properties were examined in the nontrivial case where the rotation axis is
perpendicular to the direction of light propagation. This geometry offers
important advantages for application as it fundamentally broadens the possible
practical arrangements to be realised. We found that collimated light cannot
drive permanent rotation of 2D or prism-like 3D objects (i.e. fixed
cross-sectional profile along the rotation axis) in the case of fully
reflective or fully transparent materials. Based on both geometrical optics
simulations and theoretical analysis, we derived a general condition for
rotation induced by collimated light carrying no angular momentum valid for any
arrangement: Permanent rotation is not possible if the scattering interaction
is two-dimensional and lossless. In contrast, light induced rotation can be
sustained if partial absorption is present or the object has specific true 3D
geometry. We designed, simulated, fabricated, and experimentally tested a
microscopic rotor capable of rotation around an axis perpendicular to the
illuminating light.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Search for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions using dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV using dijet angular distributions. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Dijet angular distributions are found to be in agreement with the perturbative QCD predictions that include electroweak corrections. Limits on the contact interaction scale from a variety of models at next-to-leading order in QCD corrections are obtained. A benchmark model in which only left-handed quarks participate is excluded up to a scale of 9.0 (11.7) TeV for destructive (constructive) interference at 95% confidence level. Lower limits between 5.9 and 8.4 TeV on the scale of virtual graviton exchange are extracted for the Arkani- Hamed--Dimopoulos--Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions
First results from the CALYPSO IRAM-PdBI survey : III. Monopolar jets driven by a proto-binary system in NGC 1333-IRAS2A

International audienceContext. The earliest evolutionary stages of low-mass protostars are characterised by hot and fast jets which remove angular momentum from the circumstellar disk, thus allowing mass accretion onto the central object. However, the launch mechanism is still being debated.Aims. We would like to exploit high-angular (~0\hbox{$\farcs$}8) resolution and high-sensitivity images to investigate the origin of protostellar jets using typical molecular tracers of shocked regions, such as SiO and SO.Methods. We mapped the inner 22″ of the NGC 1333–IRAS2A protostar in SiO(5–4), SO(65–54), and the continuum emission at 1.4 mm using the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer in the framework of the CALYPSO IRAM large program.Results. For the first time, we disentangle the NGC 1333–IRAS2A Class 0 object into a proto-binary system revealing two protostars (MM1, MM2) separated by ~560 AU, each of them driving their own jet, while past work considered a single protostar with a quadrupolar outflow. We reveal (i) a clumpy, fast (up to | V − VLSR |  ≥ 50 km s-1), and blueshifted jet emerging from the brightest MM1 source; and (ii) a slower redshifted jet, driven by MM2. Silicon monoxide emission is a powerful tracer of high-excitation (Tkin ≥ 100 K; nH2 ≥ 105 cm-3) jets close to the launching region. At the highest velocities, SO appears to mimic SiO tracing the jets, whereas at velocities close to the systemic one, SO is dominated by extended emission, tracing the cavity opened by the jet.Conclusions. Both jets are intrinsically monopolar, and intermittent in time. The dynamical time of the SiO clumps is ≤30–90 yr, indicating that one-sided ejections from protostars can take place on these timescales
Integration by Infrastructuring: The Case of Subsea Environmental Monitoring in Oil and Gas Offshore Operations

This thesis investigates the development of ICT solutions for performing real-time\ud
subsea environmental monitoring during oil and gas offshore operations. The research is\ud
based on a three-year case study of an international oil and gas company headquartered\ud
in Norway. The thesis is specifically focused on aspects of integration: how new tools,\ud
systems, and approaches are developed, and how existing ones are adapted to fit the\ud
existing systems and practices of the oil and gas company.\ud
The thesis has three goals. First, it analyzes how real-time environmental monitoring\ud
emerges as a distributed, interacting, and interconnected sociotechnical network\ud
(information infrastructure). Second, it identifies how the company’s initiatives are\ud
currently changing the representations of subsea environmental risk in remote and\ud
previously inaccessible areas like the Arctic region. Third, it reflects on the research\ud
methodology to address such a spatially distributed and long-term setting.\ud
On the theoretical level this work aims to contribute to the field of Information Systems\ud
and, marginally, to Computer-supported cooperative work. It is also inspired by Science\ud
and Technology Studies. A theoretical framework is developed connecting contributions\ud
from these three streams of literature in order to characterize the co-evolution of\ud
environmental monitoring infrastructures and their phenomenon of interest,\ud
environmental risk. This evolving relationship shows that, on the one hand, the\ud
perception of environmental risk as a problem is affected by the integration mechanisms\ud
that generate new knowledge. On the other hand, new conceptions of environmental risk\ud
have consequences for the maintenance and upgrade of environmental monitoring\ud
infrastructures. I call this process infrastructuring.\ud
The thesis provides a vivid empirical illustration of how the relationship between\ud
environmental risk and integration strategies unfolds in offshore environmental\ud
monitoring. By merging the theoretical framework and the empirical case, I argue in\ud
favor of a flexible understanding of the development of complex systems in\ud
organizational settings. Studies of infrastructure should account for the existence of\ud
pragmatic approaches to face persistent uncertainty and the fluid relationship between\ud
situated usefulness and a cross-geographical dimension. In line with existing debates in\ud
the literature, I demonstrate that the traditionally bounded distinctions of system\ud
design/development/implementation and of users/designers must be overtaken when\ud
studying infrastructures. On the methodological level, this thesis therefore advocates a\ud
deeper empirical analysis of the unfolding of infrastructures in organizational realities
Modelling and analysis of turbulent datasets using Auto Regressive Moving Average processes

International audienceWe introduce a novel way to extract information from turbulent datasets by applying an Auto Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) statistical analysis. Such analysis goes well beyond the analysis of the mean flow and of the fluctuations and links the behavior of the recorded time series to a discrete version of a stochastic differential equation which is able to describe the correlation structure in the dataset. We introduce a new index ϒ that measures the difference between the resulting analysis and the Obukhov model of turbulence, the simplest stochastic model reproducing both Richardson law and the Kolmogorov spectrum. We test the method on datasets measured in a von Kármán swirling flow experiment. We found that the ARMA analysis is well correlated with spatial structures of the flow, and can discriminate between two different flows with comparable mean velocities, obtained by changing the forcing. Moreover, we show that the ϒ is highest in regions where shear layer vortices are present, thereby establishing a link between deviations from the Kolmogorov model and coherent structures. These deviations are consistent with the ones observed by computing the Hurst exponents for the same time series. We show that some salient features of the analysis are preserved when considering global instead of local observables. Finally, we analyze flow configurations with multistability features where the ARMA technique is efficient in discriminating different stability branches of the system
Measurement of charm production at central rapidity in proton-proton
  collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections of the prompt (B
feed-down subtracted) charmed mesons D$^0$, D$^+$, and D$^{*+}$ in the rapidity
range $|y|<0.5$, and for transverse momentum $1< p_{\rm T} <12$ GeV/$c$, were
measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV with the ALICE
detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis exploited the hadronic
decays D$^0 \rightarrow $K$\pi$, D$^+ \rightarrow $K$\pi\pi$, D$^{*+}
\rightarrow $D$^0\pi$, and their charge conjugates, and was performed on a
$L_{\rm int} = 1.1$ nb$^{-1}$ event sample collected in 2011 with a
minimum-bias trigger. The total charm production cross section at $\sqrt{s} =
2.76$ TeV and at 7 TeV was evaluated by extrapolating to the full phase space
the $p_{\rm T}$-differential production cross sections at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV
and our previous measurements at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The results were compared
to existing measurements and to perturbative-QCD calculations. The fraction of
cdbar D mesons produced in a vector state was also determined.Comment: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 15,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/307
The generation of zonal jets by large-scale mixing

International audienceThe development of zonal flows on a midlatitude ß-plane subject to a time-varying topographic forcing is investigated in a series of numerical integrations in which the forcing is concentrated at large scalesin which the usual two-dimensional inverse energy cascade is absent. In contrast to the case of small-scale forcing, where mixing of potential vorticity occurs largely through the action of small-scale eddies, mixing of potential vorticity in this case occurs predominantly in latitudinally localized Rossby wave critical layer regions, whose width grows continuously in time due to the entrainment of background fluid. The potential vorticity is found to organize into a piecewise constant staircase-like profile, monotonic in latitude, provided the ratio , where is the usual Rhines scale and Lf is the scale of the forcing; this may be regarded as supplemental to the condition , where Le=(e/ß3)1/5 and eis the rate of energy input, obtained recently [R. K. Scott and D. G. Dritschel, "The structure of zonal jets in geostrophic turbulence," J. Fluid Mech.711, 576-598 (2012)10.1017/jfm.2012.410] for the case of small-scale forcing. The numerical results further suggest that the nature of the potential vorticity mixing is controlled by the ratio Le/Lfoccurs predominantly in critical layers when Le/Lf ? 1/6. A combined condition for staircase formation may therefore be expressed as . Finally, in a separate set of experiments it is shown that when forcing is represented by an additive source term in the evolution equation, as is common practice in numerical investigations of two-dimensional turbulence, the effect of non-conservation of potential vorticity may obscure the development of the staircase profile in the critical layer mixing dominated regime. © 2012 American Institute of Physics