pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Single-Cell Gene Expression Analyses Reveal Heterogeneous Responsiveness of Fetal Innate Lymphoid Progenitors to Notch Signaling.

International audienceT and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) share some aspects of their developmental programs. However, although Notch signaling is strictly required for T cell development, it is dispensable for fetal ILC development. Constitutive activation of Notch signaling, at the common lymphoid progenitor stage, drives T cell development and abrogates ILC development by preventing Id2 expression. By combining single-cell transcriptomics and clonal culture strategies, we characterize two heterogeneous α4β7-expressing lymphoid progenitor compartments. αLP1 (Flt3(+)) still retains T cell potential and comprises the global ILC progenitor, while αLP2 (Flt3(-)) consists of ILC precursors that are primed toward the different ILC lineages. Only a subset of αLP2 precursors is sensitive to Notch signaling required for their proliferation. Our study identifies, in a refined manner, the diversity of transitional stages of ILC development, their transcriptional signatures, and their differential dependence on Notch signaling
Measurement of differential production cross-sections for a Z boson in association with b-jets in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of differential production cross-sections of a Z boson in association with b-jets in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV are reported. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1) recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Particle-level cross-sections are determined for events with a Z boson decaying into an electron or muon pair, and containing b-jets. For events with at least one b-jet, the cross-section is presented as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity, together with the inclusive b-jet cross-section as a function of b-jet transverse momentum, rapidity and angular separations between the b-jet and the Z boson. For events with at least two b-jets, the cross-section is determined as a function of the invariant mass and angular separation of the two highest transverse momentum b-jets, and as a function of the Z boson transverse momentum and rapidity. Results are compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations
Exploring the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars. II. New magnetic field measurements in cluster and field stars

Context. Theories on the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars
remain poorly developed, because the properties of their magnetic field
as function of stellar parameters could not yet be investigated.
Additional observations are of utmost importance to constrain the
conditions that are conducive to magnetic fields and to determine first
trends about their occurrence rate and field strength distribution. Aims: To investigate whether magnetic fields in massive stars are ubiquitous or appear only in stars with a specific spectral
classification, certain ages, or in a special environment, we acquired
67 new spectropolarimetric observations for 30 massive stars. Among the
observed sample, roughly one third of the stars are probable members of
clusters at different ages, whereas the remaining stars are field stars
not known to belong to any cluster or association. Methods:
Spectropolarimetric observations were obtained during four different
nights using the low-resolution spectropolarimetric mode of FOcal
Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph (FORS 2) mounted on the 8-m Antu
telescope of the VLT. Furthermore, we present a number of follow-up
observations carried out with the high-resolution spectropolarimeters
SOFIN mounted at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) and HARPS mounted at
the ESO 3.6 m between 2008 and 2011. To assess the membership in open
clusters and associations, we used astrometric catalogues with the
highest quality kinematic and photometric data currently available. Results: The presence of a magnetic field is confirmed in nine stars previously observed with FORS 1/2: HD 36879, HD 47839, CPD-28 2561, CPD-47 2963, HD 93843, HD 148937, HD 149757, HD 328856, and HD 164794. New magnetic field detections at a significance level of at least 3σ were achieved in five stars: HD 92206c, HD 93521, HD 93632, CPD-46 8221, and HD 157857. Among the stars with a detected magnetic field, five stars belong to open clusters with high membership probability. According to previous kinematic studies, five magneticm O-type stars in our sample are candidate runaway stars.Fil: Hubrig, S.. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); Germany;Fil: Schöller, M.. European Southern Observatory;  Germany;Fil: Ilyin, I.. Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); Germany;Fil: Kharchenko, N. V.. Main Astronomical Observatory; Ukraine;Fil: Oskinova, L. M.. Universität Potsdam. Institut für Physik und Astronomie; Germany;Fil: Langer, N.. Argelander-Institut für Astronomie. Universität Bonn; Germany;Fil: Gonzalez, Jorge Federico. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra, y del Espacio; Argentina;Fil: Kholtygin, A. F.. Astronomical Institute. Saint-Petersburg State University; Russia;Fil: Briquet, M.. Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique. Université de Liège; Belgium;Fil: Magori Collaboration
A new model to predict weak-lensing peak counts
 : 
II. Parameter constraint strategies

International audienceContext. Peak counts have been shown to be an excellent tool for extracting the non-Gaussian part of the weak lensing signal. Recently, we developed a fast stochastic forward model to predict weak-lensing peak counts. Our model is able to reconstruct the underlying distribution of observables for analysis.Aims. In this work, we explore and compare various strategies for constraining a parameter using our model, focusing on the matter density Ωm and the density fluctuation amplitude σ8.Methods. First, we examine the impact from the cosmological dependency of covariances (CDC). Second, we perform the analysis with the copula likelihood, a technique that makes a weaker assumption than does the Gaussian likelihood. Third, direct, non-analytic parameter estimations are applied using the full information of the distribution. Fourth, we obtain constraints with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), an efficient, robust, and likelihood-free algorithm based on accept-reject sampling.Results. We find that neglecting the CDC effect enlarges parameter contours by 22% and that the covariance-varying copula likelihood is a very good approximation to the true likelihood. The direct techniques work well in spite of noisier contours. Concerning ABC, the iterative process converges quickly to a posterior distribution that is in excellent agreement with results from our other analyses. The time cost for ABC is reduced by two orders of magnitude.Conclusions. The stochastic nature of our weak-lensing peak count model allows us to use various techniques that approach the true underlying probability distribution of observables, without making simplifying assumptions. Our work can be generalized to other observables where forward simulations provide samples of the underlying distribution
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling, I : the grand-design spiral galaxy M 51

Context. Dust reprocesses about half of the stellar radiation in galaxies. The thermal re-emission by dust of absorbed energy is considered to be driven merely by young stars so is often applied to tracing the star formation rate in galaxies. Recent studies have argued that the old stellar population might be responsible for a non-negligible fraction of the radiative dust heating. 
Aims. In this work, we aim to analyze the contribution of young (less than or similar to 100 Myr) and old (similar to 10 Gyr) stellar populations to radiative dust heating processes in the nearby grand-design spiral galaxy M 51 using radiative transfer modeling. High-resolution 3D radiative transfer (RT) models are required to describe the complex morphologies of asymmetric spiral arms and clumpy star-forming regions and to model the propagation of light through a dusty medium. 
Methods. In this paper, we present a new technique developed to model the radiative transfer effects in nearby face-on galaxies. We construct a high-resolution 3D radiative transfer model with the Monte-Carlo code SKIRT to account for the absorption, scattering, and non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) emission of dust in M51. The 3D distribution of stars is derived from the 2D morphology observed in the IRAC 3.6 mu m, GALEX FUV, H alpha, and MIPS 24 mu m wavebands, assuming an exponential vertical distribution with an appropriate scale height. The dust geometry is constrained through the far-ultraviolet (FUV) attenuation, which is derived from the observed total-infrared-to-far-ultraviolet luminosity ratio. The stellar luminosity, star formation rate, and dust mass have been scaled to reproduce the observed stellar spectral energy distribution (SED), FUV attenuation, and infrared SED. 
Results. The dust emission derived from RT calculations is consistent with far-infrared and submillimeter observations of M51, implying that the absorbed stellar energy is balanced by the thermal re-emission of dust. The young stars provide 63% of the energy for heating the dust responsible for the total infrared emission (8-1000 mu m), while 37% of the dust emission is governed through heating by the evolved stellar population. In individual wavebands, the contribution from young stars to the dust heating dominates at all infrared wavebands but gradually decreases towards longer infrared and submillimeter wavebands for which the old stellar population becomes a non-negligible source of heating. Upon extrapolation of the results for M51, we present prescriptions for estimating the contribution of young stars to the global dust heating based on a tight correlation between the dust heating fraction and specific star formation rate
Calculation of K→π matrix elements in quenched domain-wall QCD

We explore the possibility for an evaluation of non-leptonic ΔS = 1 K decay amplitudes through the calculation of K → π matrix elements using domain-wall QCD. The relation between the physical K → ππ matrix elements and K → π matrix elements deduced from chiral perturbation theory is recapitulated. Quenched numerical simulations are performed on an 163 × 32 × 16 lattice at a lattice spacing a−1 ≈ 2GeV for both the standard plaquette gauge action and a renormalization-group improved gauge action, and reasonable signals for K → π matrix elements are obtained. Preliminary results are reported on the K → ππ matrix elements, and results from two actions are compared
Measurement of dijet production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of jet activity in the rapidity interval bounded by a dijet system is presented. Events are vetoed if a jet with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV is found between the two boundary jets. The fraction of dijet events that survive the jet veto is presented for boundary jets that are separated by up to six units of rapidity and with mean transverse momentum 50 < <(p)over bar>T < 500 GeV. The mean multiplicity of jets above the veto scale in the rapidity interval bounded by the dijet system is also presented as an alternative method for quantifying perturbative QCD emission. The data are compared to a next-to-leading order plus parton shower prediction from the POWHEG-BOX, an all-order resummation using the HEJ calculation and the PYTHIA, HERWIG++ and ALPGEN event generators. The measurement was performed using pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2010
Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association with jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W + jets cross section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon decay modes of the W-boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the event. Measurements are also presented of the ratio of cross sections sigma (W + >= n)/sigma(W + >= n ¿ 1) for inclusive jet multiplicities n = 1-4. The results, based on an integrated luminosity of 1.3 pb(-1), have been corrected for all known detector effects and are quoted in a limited and well-defined range of jet and lepton kinematics. The measured cross sections are compared to particle-level predictions based on perturbative QCD. Next-to-leading order calculations, studied here for n <= 2, are found in good agreement with the data. Leading-order multiparton event generators, normalized to the NNLO total cross section, describe the data well for all measured jet multiplicities
H-1 NMR study of internal motions and quantum rotational tunneling in (CH3)(4)NGeCl3

(CH3)(4)NGeCl3 is prepared, characterized and studied using H-1 NMR spin lattice relaxation time and second moment to understand the internal motions and quantum rotational tunneling. Proton second moment is measured at 7 MHz as function of temperature in the range 300-77 K and spin lattice relaxation time (T-1) is measured at two Larmor frequencies, as a function of temperature in the range 270-17 K employing a homemade wide-line/pulsed NMR spectrometers. T-1 data are analyzed in two temperature regions using relevant theoretical models. The relaxation in the higher temperatures (270-115 K) is attributed to the hindered reorientations of symmetric groups (CH3 and (CH3)(4)N). Broad asymmetric T-1 minima observed below 115 K down to 17 K are attributed to quantum rotational tunneling of the inequivalent methyl groups. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An Erd\H{o}s-Gallai type theorem for uniform hypergraphs

A well-known theorem of Erd\H{o}s and Gallai asserts that a graph with no
path of length $k$ contains at most $\frac{1}{2}(k-1)n$ edges. Recently
Gy\H{o}ri, Katona and Lemons gave an extension of this result to hypergraphs by
determining the maximum number of hyperedges in an $r$-uniform hypergraph
containing no Berge path of length $k$ for all values of $r$ and $k$ except for
$k=r+1$. We settle the remaining case by proving that an $r$-uniform hypergraph
with more than $n$ hyperedges must contain a Berge path of length $r+1$.Comment: Improved the writing following the suggestions of the referees.
  Published version available via
  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019566981730165
ON PRODUCT DIFFERENCE FIBONACCI IDENTITIES

Simson's identity is a well-known Fibonacci identity in which the difference of certain order 2 products has a particularly pleasing form. Other old and beautiful identities of a similar nature are attributed to Catalan, Gelin and Cesaro, and Tagiuri. Catalan's identity can be described as a family of product difference Fibonacci identities of order 2 with 1 parameter. In Section 2 of this paper we present four families of product difference Fibonacci identities that involve higher order products. Being self-dual, each of these families may be regarded as a higher order analogue of Catalan's identity. We also state two conjectures that give the form of similar families of arbitrary order. In the final section we give other interesting product difference Fibonacci identities
Reanalysis of lattice QCD spectra leading to the Ds0*(2317) and Ds1*(2460)

We perform a reanalysis of the energy levels obtained in a recent lattice QCD simulation, from where the existence of bound states of KD and KD* are induced and identified with the narrow D-s0*(2317) and D-s1*(2460) resonances. The reanalysis is done in terms of an auxiliary potential, employing a single-channel basis KD(*()), and a two-channel basis KD(*()), eta D-s(()*()). By means of an extended Luscher method we determine poles of the continuum t-matrix, bound by about 40 MeV with respect to the KD and KD* thresholds, which we identify with the D-s0*(2317) and D-s1*(2460) resonances. Using a sum rule that reformulates Weinberg compositeness condition we can determine that the state D-s0*(2317) contains a KD component in an amount of about 70%, while the state D-s1*(2460) contains a similar amount of KD*. We argue that the present lattice simulation results do not still allow us to determine which are the missing channels in the bound state wave functions and we discuss the necessary information that can lead to answer this question
Measurement of W± and Z-boson production cross sections in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the W±→ℓ±ν and Z→ℓ+ℓ− production cross sections (where ℓ±=e±,μ±) in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb−1. The total inclusive W±-boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are σtotW+=11.83 ±0.02(stat)±0.32(sys)±0.25 (lumi) nb and σtotW−=8.79 ±0.02(stat)±0.24(sys)±0.18 (lumi) nb for W+ and W−, respectively. The total inclusive Z  -boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window 66<mℓℓ<116 GeV, is σtotZ=1.981 ±0.007(stat)±0.038(sys)±0.042 (lumi) nb. The W+, W−, and Z  -boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in σfidW+/σfidW−=1.295 ±0.003(stat)±0.010 (sys) and σfidW±/σfidZ=10.31 ±0.04(stat)±0.20 (sys). Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and to next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements
Gamma-Ray Bursts are Observed Off-axis

We constrain the jet opening angle and, for the first time, the off-axis observer angle for gamma-ray bursts in the Swift-XRT catalog by using the ScaleFit package to fit afterglow light curves directly to hydrodynamic simulations. The ScaleFit model uses scaling relations in the hydrodynamic and radiation equations to compute synthetic light curves directly from a set of high-resolution two-dimensional relativistic blast wave simulations. The data sample consists of all Swift-XRT afterglows from 2005 to 2012 with sufficient coverage and a known redshift, 226 bursts in total. We find that the jet half-opening angle varies widely but is commonly less than 0.1 rad. The distribution of the electron spectral index is also broad, with a median at 2.30. We find the observer angle to have a median value of 0.57 of the jet opening angle over our sample, which has profound consequences for the predicted rate of observed jet breaks and affects the beaming-corrected total energies of gamma-ray bursts
Scenario planning with a sociological eye : augmenting the intuitive logics approach to understanding the future of Scotland and the UK

This paper draws on a social theory-informed understanding of causality to illustrate how notions of agent–structure interactions can enhance the intuitive logics (IL) approach to scenario planning. It incorporates concepts such as the ‘subjective’ predispositions of agency, ‘objective’ structures of social systems, activity dependence, unintended consequences of action and event-time temporality in the IL method to augment causal analysis in the scenario development process. The paper illustrates the social theory-informed IL framework through its application to a scenario exercise undertaken in the lead-up to the Scottish referendum on independence from the United Kingdom on September 18th, 2014. The central thesis of the paper is that agent–structure interactions underpin the unfolding of futures in social systems by both constraining and enabling the range of possible futures that can emerge
International Expansion, Diversification and Regulated Firm Nonmarket Strategy

Previous studies have shown that regulated firms diversify for reasons that are different than for unregulated firms. We explore some of these differences by providing a theoretical model that starts by considering the firm-regulator relationship as an incomplete information issue, in which a regulated incumbent has knowledge that the regulator does not have, but the firm cannot convey hard information about this knowledge. The incumbent faces both market and nonmarket competition from a new entrant. In that context, we show that when the firm faces tough nonmarket competition domestically, going abroad can create a mechanism that makes information transmission to the regulator more credible. International expansion can thus be a way to solve domestic nonmarket issues in addition to being a catalyst for growth
Mapping differential interactomes by affinity purification coupled with data-independent mass spectrometry acquisition

Characterizing changes in protein-protein interactions associated with sequence variants (e.g., disease-associated mutations or splice forms) or following exposure to drugs, growth factors or hormones is critical to understanding how protein complexes are built, localized and regulated. Affinity purification (AP) coupled with mass spectrometry permits the analysis of protein interactions under near-physiological conditions, yet monitoring interaction changes requires the development of a robust and sensitive quantitative approach, especially for large-scale studies in which cost and time are major considerations. We have coupled AP to data-independent mass spectrometric acquisition (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra, SWATH) and implemented an automated data extraction and statistical analysis pipeline to score modulated interactions. We used AP-SWATH to characterize changes in protein-protein interactions imparted by the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 or melanoma-associated mutations in the human kinase CDK4. We show that AP-SWATH is a robust label-free approach to characterize such changes and propose a scalable pipeline for systems biology studies
Search for a low-mass pseudoscalar Higgs boson produced in association with a $b\overline{b}$ pair in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

A search is reported for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson decaying to a pair of $τ$ leptons, produced in association with a $b\overline{b}$ pair, in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models. The results are based on pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$. Pseudoscalar boson masses between 25 and 80 GeV are probed. No evidence for a pseudoscalar boson is found and upper limits are set on the product of cross section and branching fraction to τ pairs between 7 and 39 pb at the 95% confidence level. This excludes pseudoscalar A bosons with masses between 25 and 80 GeV, with SM-like Higgs boson negative couplings to down-type fermions, produced in association with $b\overline{b}$ pairs, in Type II, two-Higgs-doublet models