pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Stellar kinematics across the Hubble sequence in the CALIFA survey: general properties and aperture corrections

J. Falcón-Barroso et. al.We present the stellar kinematic maps of a large sample of galaxies from the integral-field spectroscopic survey CALIFA. The sample comprises 300 galaxies displaying a wide range of morphologies across the Hubble sequence, from ellipticals to late-type spirals. This dataset allows us to homogeneously extract stellar kinematics up to several effective radii. In this paper, we describe the level of completeness of this subset of galaxies withrespect to the full CALIFA sample, as well as the virtues and limitations of the kinematic extraction compared to other well-known integral-field surveys. In addition, we provide averaged integrated velocity dispersion radial profiles for different galaxy types, which are particularly useful to apply aperture corrections for single aperture measurements or poorly resolved stellar kinematics of high-redshift sources. The work presented in this paper sets the basis for the study of more general properties of galaxies that will be explored in subsequent papers of the survey.© ESO, 2016.J.F.-B. from grant AYA2013-48226-C3-1-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). J.F.-B. and G.v.d.V. from the FP7 Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission, via the Initial Training Network DAGAL under REA grant agreement number 289313. J.M.-A. and V.W. acknowledge support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDMorph P.I. V. Wild). P.S.-B. acknowledge financial support from the BASAL CATA Center for Astrophysics and Associated Technologies through grant PFB-06. R.M.G.D. from grant AYA2014-57490-P. R.G.-B, R.M.G.D. and E.P. acknowledge support from the project JA-FQM-2828. C.J.W. acknowledges support through the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant 303912. L.G. from the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009 awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), and CONICYT through FONDECYT grant 3140566. I.M. from grant AYA2013-42227-P.Peer Reviewe
Cascading gauge theory on dS4 and String Theory landscape

AbstractPlacing anti-D3 branes at the tip of the conifold in Klebanov–Strassler geometry provides a generic way of constructing meta-stable de Sitter (dS) vacua in String Theory. A local geometry of such vacua exhibit gravitational solutions with a D3 charge measured at the tip opposite to the asymptotic charge. We discuss a restrictive set of such geometries, where anti-D3 branes are smeared at the tip. Such geometries represent holographic dual of cascading gauge theory in dS4 with or without chiral symmetry breaking. We find that in the phase with unbroken chiral symmetry the D3 charge at the tip is always positive. Furthermore, this charge is zero in the phase with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry. We show that the effective potential of the chirally symmetric phase is lower than that in the symmetry broken phase, i.e., there is no spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking for cascading gauge theory in dS4. The positivity of the D3 brane charge in smooth de-Sitter deformed conifold geometries with fluxes presents difficulties in uplifting AdS vacua to dS ones in String Theory via smeared anti-D3 branes
Stable isotope fractionation of fatty acids of Daphnia fed laboratorycultures of microalgae

tWe tested a comparatively new method of tracing of natural food webs, compound-specific isotopeanalysis (CSIA) of fatty acids (FA), using laboratory culture of Daphnia galeata fed Chlorella vulgaris andCryptomonas sp. In general, Daphnia had significantly lighter carbon stable isotope composition of mostfatty acids, including essential, than those of their food, microalgae. Thus, our results did not support thepivotal premise of the FA-CSIA application for food web analysis, i.e., transmitting the isotope ‘signal’ ofessential FAs to consumers from their food without any modification. Moreover, the values of isotopefractionation of particular FAs in the consumer relative to its food were not constant, but varied from1.35‰ to 7.04‰. The different isotope fractionation (depletion) values of diverse FAs in consumer wereprobably caused by different processes of their synthesis, catabolism and assimilation. More work isevidently to be done for correct interpretation of results of FA-CSIA during field studies for tracing ofnatural food webs
Spinning strings in AdS3×S3 with NS–NS flux

AbstractThe sigma model describing closed strings rotating in AdS3×S3 is known to reduce to the one-dimensional Neumann–Rosochatius integrable system. In this article we show that closed spinning strings in AdS3×S3×T4 in the presence of NS–NS three-form flux can be described by an extension of the Neumann–Rosochatius system. We consider closed strings rotating with one spin in AdS3 and two different angular momenta in S3. For a class of solutions with constant radii we find the dependence of the classical energy on the spin and the angular momenta as an expansion in the square of the 't Hooft coupling of the theory
Real elements in the mapping class group of T2

AbstractWe present a complete classification of elements in the mapping class group of the torus which have a representative that can be written as a product of two orientation reversing involutions. Our interest in such decompositions is motivated by features of the monodromy maps of real fibrations. We employ the property that the mapping class group of the torus is identifiable with SL(2,Z) as well as that the quotient group PSL(2,Z) is the symmetry group of the Farey tessellation of the Poincaré disk
On the possible running of the cosmological “constant”

AbstractDespite the many outstanding cosmological observations leading to a strong evidence for a non-vanishing cosmological constant (CC) term Λ in the gravitational field equations, the theoretical status of this quantity seems to be lagging well behind the observational successes. It thus seems timely to revisit some fundamental aspects of the CC term in Quantum Field Theory (QFT). We emphasize that, in curved space–time, nothing a priori prevents this term from potentially having a mild running behavior associated to quantum effects. Remarkably, this could be the very origin of the dynamical nature of the Dark Energy, in contrast to many other popular options considered in the literature. In discussing this possibility, we also address some recent criticisms concerning the possibility of such running. Our conclusion is that, while there is no comprehensive proof of the CC running, there is no proof of the non-running either. The problem can be solved only through a deeper understanding of the vacuum contributions of massive quantum fields on a curved space–time background. We suggest that such investigations are at the heart of one of the most important endeavors of fundamental theoretical cosmology in the years to come
Application of whole genome and RNA sequencing to investigate the genomic landscape of common variable immunodeficiency disorders

AbstractCommon Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVIDs) are the most prevalent cause of primary antibody failure. CVIDs are highly variable and a genetic causes have been identified in <5% of patients. Here, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 34 CVID patients (94% sporadic) and combined them with transcriptomic profiling (RNA-sequencing of B cells) from three patients and three healthy controls. We identified variants in CVID disease genes TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13C, LRBA and NLRP12 and enrichment of variants in known and novel disease pathways. The pathways identified include B-cell receptor signalling, non-homologous end-joining, regulation of apoptosis, T cell regulation and ICOS signalling. Our data confirm the polygenic nature of CVID and suggest individual-specific aetiologies in many cases. Together our data show that WGS in combination with RNA-sequencing allows for a better understanding of CVIDs and the identification of novel disease associated pathways
Lepton-flavor violations in high-scale SUSY with right-handed neutrinos

AbstractMotivated by the recent discovery of the Higgs boson at mh≃126 GeV and also by the non-observation of superparticles at the LHC, high-scale SUSY, where the superparticles are as heavy as O(10) TeV, has been recently proposed. We study lepton-flavor violations (LFVs) in the high-scale SUSY with right-handed neutrinos. Even if the slepton masses are of O(10) TeV, the renormalization group (RG) effects on the slepton mass-squared matrix may induce large enough LFVs which are within the reach of future LFV experiments. We also discuss the implication of the right-handed neutrinos on the electroweak symmetry breaking in such a model, and show that the parameter region with the successful electroweak symmetry breaking is enlarged by the RG effects due to the right-handed neutrinos
Validation of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) chamber for trials in allergy: Innovation of a mobile allergen exposure chamber

BackgroundField clinical trials of pollen allergy are affected by the impossibility of predicting and determining individual allergen exposure because of many factors (eg, pollen season, atmospheric variations, pollutants, and lifestyles). Environmental exposure chambers, delivering a fixed amount of allergen in a controlled environmental setting, can overcome these limitations. Environmental exposure chambers are currently already used in phase 2, 3, and even 4 trials. Unfortunately, few chambers exist in the world, and this makes it difficult to perform large, multicenter clinical trials. The new Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) mobile exposure chamber is a step forward because the mobility of the chamber makes it convenient for patients to participate in clinical testing.ObjectiveThis study was made to validate the reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of the results obtained in the new GA2LEN chamber.MethodsSeventy-two adult patients (19-61 years old) with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma caused by grass pollen were included in different clinical validation tests. Total symptom scores and total nasal symptom scores were recorded at time zero (0) and every 10 minutes during exposures, along with nasal and respiratory parameters.ResultsExposure tests confirmed the reproducibility between subsequent runs and the sensitivity (P < .00001 vs patients exposed to placebo) and specificity (very low score in nonallergic subjects) in the GA2LEN chamber. No adverse reactions were recorded during the tests.ConclusionsThe mobility of the GA2LEN chamber provides a new, potentially effective, and safe way of generating reliable data in allergy multicenter clinical trials
Activation and involvement of the lateral–posterior nucleus of the thalamus after a single generalized tonic–clonic seizure

AbstractThe lateral–posterior thalamic nuclei (LP) have been shown to play an important role in controlling epileptic activity. In addition, thalamic atrophy and neuronal loss have been observed in epilepsy. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lateral–posterior neuronal activation may be observed shortly after a single generalized seizure in rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. The results showed an increased lateral–posterior activation as soon as the seizure occurred, suggesting that neuronal loss in the thalamus is not only the consequence of chronic epilepsy
Complete graphs, Hilbert series, and the Higgs branch of the 4d N=2 (An,Am) SCFTs

AbstractThe strongly interacting 4d N=2 SCFTs of type (An,Am) are the simplest examples of models in the (G,G′) class introduced by Cecotti, Neitzke, and Vafa in arXiv:1006.3435. These systems have a known 3d N=4 mirror only when n+1 divides m+1. By 4d/2d correspondence, we show that in this case these systems have a nontrivial global flavor symmetry group, and, therefore, a non-trivial Higgs branch. As an application of the methods of arXiv:1309.2657, we then compute the refined Hilbert series of the Coulomb branch of the 3d mirror for the simplest models in the series. This equals the refined Hilbert series of the Higgs branch of the (An,Am) SCFT, providing interesting information about the Higgs branch of these non-lagrangian theories
The FitTrack Index as fitness indicator: A pilot study

AbstractBackgroundThe FitTrack Index is a web-based programme developed in South Africa and widely used by athletes to indicate their fitness. A need exists for a self-managed, non-invasive tool to evaluate and categorise health-related fitness in different population groups. The aim of this study was to compare the FitTrack Index with a reliable measure of cardio-respiratory fitness as indicated by maximal oxygen uptake (direct VO2max).Methods & resultsDuring a 12-week cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study the direct laboratory tested VO2max indicated a moderate to strong correlation with the FitTrack Index (Spearman's rho = 0.439, p = 0.089 at baseline; Spearman's rho = 0.853, p < 0.001 after 12 weeks).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the web-based FitTrack Index may be considered an appropriate tool to evaluate exercise capacity and cardiovascular fitness in healthy individuals following an aerobic training programme
Dynamic programming for deterministic discrete-time systems with uncertain gain

AbstractWe generalise the optimisation technique of dynamic programming for discrete-time systems with an uncertain gain function. We assume that uncertainty about the gain function is described by an imprecise probability model, which generalises the well-known Bayesian, or precise, models. We compare various optimality criteria that can be associated with such a model, and which coincide in the precise case: maximality, robust optimality and maximinity. We show that (only) for the first two an optimal feedback can be constructed by solving a Bellman-like equation
Continuum-mediated dark matter–baryon scattering

AbstractMany models of dark matter scattering with baryons may be treated either as a simple contact interaction or as the exchange of a light mediator particle. We study an alternative, in which a continuum of light mediator states may be exchanged. This could arise, for instance, from coupling to a sector which is approximately conformal at the relevant momentum transfer scale. In the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter–baryon scattering, which is useful for parametrizing direct detection signals, the effect of such continuum mediators is to multiply the amplitude by a function of the momentum transfer q, which in the simplest case is just a power law. We develop the basic framework and study two examples: the case where the mediator is a scalar operator coupling to the Higgs portal (which turns out to be highly constrained) and the case of an antisymmetric tensor operator Oμν that mixes with the hypercharge field strength and couples to dark matter tensor currents, which has an interesting viable parameter space. We describe the effect of such mediators on the cross sections and recoil energy spectra that could be observed in direct detection
Rph1/KDM4 Mediates Nutrient-Limitation Signaling that Leads to the Transcriptional Induction of Autophagy

SummaryBackgroundAutophagy is a conserved process mediating vacuolar degradation and recycling. Autophagy is highly upregulated upon various stresses and is essential for cell survival in deleterious conditions. Autophagy defects are associated with severe pathologies, whereas unchecked autophagy activity causes cell death. Therefore, to support proper cellular homeostasis, the induction and amplitude of autophagy activity have to be finely regulated. Transcriptional control is a critical, yet largely unexplored, aspect of autophagy regulation. In particular, little is known about the signaling pathways modulating the expression of autophagy-related genes, and only a few transcriptional regulators have been identified as contributing in the control of this process.ResultsWe identified Rph1 as a negative regulator of the transcription of several ATG genes and a repressor of autophagy induction. Rph1 is a histone demethylase protein, but it regulates autophagy independently of its demethylase activity. Rim15 mediates the phosphorylation of Rph1 upon nitrogen starvation, which causes an inhibition of its function. Preventing Rph1 phosphorylation or overexpressing the protein causes a severe block in autophagy induction. A similar function of Rph1/KDM4 is seen in mammalian cells, indicating that this process is highly conserved.ConclusionRph1 maintains autophagy at a low level in nutrient-rich conditions; upon nutrient limitation, the inhibition of its activity is a prerequisite to the induction of ATG gene transcription and autophagy
Modular transformations and Verlinde formulae for logarithmic (p+,p−)-models

AbstractThe (p+,p−) singlet algebra is a vertex operator algebra that is strongly generated by a Virasoro field of central charge 1−6(p+−p−)2/p+p− and a single Virasoro primary field of conformal weight (2p+−1)(2p−−1). Here, the modular properties of the characters of the uncountably many simple modules of each singlet algebra are investigated and the results used as the input to a continuous analogue of the Verlinde formula to obtain the “fusion rules” of the singlet modules. The effect of the failure of fusion to be exact in general is studied at the level of Verlinde products and the rules derived are lifted to the (p+,p−) triplet algebras by regarding these algebras as simple current extensions of their singlet cousins. The result is a relatively effortless derivation of the triplet “fusion rules” that agrees with those previously proposed in the literature
Irreplaceability of Neuronal Ensembles after Memory Allocation

SummaryLesion studies suggest that an alternative system can compensate for damage to the primary region employed when animals acquire a memory. However, it is unclear whether functional compensation occurs at the cellular ensemble level. Here, we inhibited the activities of a specific subset of neurons activated during initial learning by utilizing a transgenic mouse that expresses tetanus toxin (TeNT) under the control of the c-fos promoter. Notably, suppression interfered with relearning while sparing the ability to acquire and express fear memory for a distinct context. These results suggest that the activity of the initial ensemble is preferentially dedicated to the same learning and that it is not replaceable once it is allocated. Our results provide substantial insights into the machinery underlying how the brain allocates individual memories to discrete neuronal ensembles and how it ensures that repetitive learning strengthens memory by reactivating the same neuronal ensembles
Monotonic Extensions of Petri Nets Forward and Backward Search Revisited

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the forward and backward approaches to the verification of extensions of infinite state Petri Nets. As contributions, we propose an efficient data structure to represent infinite downward closed sets of markings and to compute symbolically the minimal coverability set of Petri Nets, we identify a subclass of Transfer Nets for which the forward approach generalizes and we propose a general strategy to use both the forward and the backward approach for the efficient verification of general Transfer Nets
Moving towards the goals of FP2020 : classifying contraceptives

With the renewed focus on family planning, a clear and transparent understanding is needed for the consistent classification of contraceptives, especially in the commonly used modern/traditional system. The World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) therefore convened a technical consultation in January 2015 to address issues related to classifying contraceptives. 
The consultation defined modern contraceptive methods as having a sound basis in reproductive biology, a precise protocol for correct use and evidence of efficacy under various conditions based on appropriately designed studies. Methods in country programs like Fertility Awareness Based Methods [such as Standard Days Method (SDM) and TwoDay Method], Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) and emergency contraception should be reported as modern. Herbs, charms and vaginal douching are not counted as contraceptive methods as they have no scientific basis in preventing pregnancy nor are in country programs. More research is needed on defining and measuring use of emergency contraceptive methods, to reflect their contribution to reducing unmet need. 
The ideal contraceptive classification system should be simple, easy to use, clear and consistent, with greater parsimony. Measurement challenges remain but should not be the driving force to determine what methods are counted or reported as modern or not. Family planning programs should consider multiple attributes of contraceptive methods (e.g., level of effectiveness, need for program support, duration of labeled use, hormonal or nonhormonal) to ensure they provide a variety of methods to meet the needs of women and men
Planck 2015 results: I. Overview of products and scientific results

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 October 2013. In February 2015, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the second set of cosmology products based ondata from the entire Planck mission, including both temperature and polarization, along with a set of scientific and technical papers and a web-based explanatory supplement. This paper gives an overview of the main characteristics of the data and the data products in the release, as well as the associated cosmological and astrophysical science results and papers. The data products include maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, diffuse foregrounds in temperature and polarization, catalogues of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources (including separate catalogues of Sunyaev-Zeldovich clusters and Galactic cold clumps), and extensive simulations of signals and noise used in assessing uncertainties and the performance of the analysis methods. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data is described, along with a CMB lensing likelihood. Scientific results include cosmological parameters derived from CMB power spectra, gravitational lensing, and cluster counts, as well as constraints on inflation, non-Gaussianity, primordial magnetic fields, dark energy, and modified gravity, and new results on low-frequency Galactic foregrounds