pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
1-Year outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with balloon-expandable versus self-expandable valves

BACKGROUND The use of a balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve previously resulted in a greater rate of\ud
device success compared with a self-expandable transcatheter heart valve.\ud
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic outcome data at longer term\ud
follow-up.\ud
METHODS The investigator-initiated trial randomized 241 high-risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis\ud
and anatomy suitable for treatment with both balloon- and self-expandable transcatheter heart valves to transfemoral\ud
transcatheter aortic valve replacement with either device. Patients were followed-up for 1 year, with assessment of\ud
clinical outcomes and echocardiographic evaluation of valve function.\ud
RESULTS At 1 year, the rates of death of any cause (17.4% vs. 12.8%; relative risk [RR]: 1.35; 95% confidence interval\ud
[CI]: 0.73 to 2.50; p ¼ 0.37) and of cardiovascular causes (12.4% vs. 9.4%; RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.63 to 2.75; p ¼ 0.54) were\ud
not statistically significantly different in the balloon- and self-expandable groups, respectively. The frequencies of all\ud
strokes (9.1% vs. 3.4%; RR: 2.66; 95% CI: 0.87 to 8.12; p ¼ 0.11) and repeat hospitalization for heart failure (7.4% vs.\ud
12.8%; RR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.26 to 1.27; p ¼ 0.19) did not statistically significantly differ between the 2 groups. Elevated\ud
transvalvular gradients during follow-up were observed in 4 patients in the balloon-expandable group (3.4% vs. 0%;\ud
p ¼ 0.12); all were resolved with anticoagulant therapy, suggesting a thrombotic etiology. More than mild paravalvular\ud
regurgitation was more frequent in the self-expandable group (1.1% vs. 12.1%; p ¼ 0.005).\ud
CONCLUSIONS Despite the higher device success rate with the balloon-expandable valve, 1-year follow-up of patients\ud
in CHOICE (Randomized Comparison of Transcatheter Heart Valves in High Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis:\ud
Medtronic CoreValve Versus Edwards SAPIEN XT Trial), with limited statistical power, revealed clinical outcomes after\ud
transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement with both balloon- and self-expandable prostheses that were not\ud
statistically significantly different. (A Comparison of Transcatheter Heart Valves in High Risk Patients With Severe Aortic\ud
Stenosis: The CHOICE Trial; NCT01645202) (J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:791–800) © 2015 by the American College of\ud
Cardiology Foundation
Re-evaluation and extension of the Marine Isotope Stage 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region: The cryptotephra record

Previous studies of marine sequences from the Faroe Islands region have identified a series of coarse-grained tephra horizons deposited during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Here we reassess the MIS 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region and focus on the cryptotephra deposits preserved within the fine-grained fraction of marine core LINK 16. We also extend the record to encompass the late MIS 6 and early MIS 4 periods. A density separation technique, commonly used for tephra investigations in lacustrine settings but rarely applied to marine sediments, is utilised to explore the fine-grained material and EPMA and LA-ICP-MS are employed to determine the major and trace element composition of individual tephra shards. In total, 3 basaltic and 3 rhyolitic Icelandic cryptotephra deposits with homogeneous geochemical compositions are identified — all of which have the potential to act as isochronous tie-lines. Geochemical results highlight that the Grímsvötn volcanic system of Iceland is the predominant source of the basaltic horizons and the Öraefajökull or Torfajökull systems are the likely sources of the rhyolitic deposits. Three of the horizons have been previously recognised in Faroe Islands region marine sequences, with two of these deposits traceable into a Norwegian Sea sequence. An early MIS 4 rhyolitic horizon is the most widespread deposit as it can be traced into the Norwegian Sea and to the south into a record from the Rockall Trough. Basaltic and rhyolitic horizons deposited during late MIS 6 have not been recognised in other sequences and represent new additions to the regional tephrostratigraphy
Unveiling the structure of barred galaxies at 3.6 μm with the spitzer survey of stellar structure in galaxies (S^4G). I. Disk breaks

We have performed two-dimensional multicomponent decomposition of 144 local barred spiral galaxies using 3.6 μm images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. Our model fit includes up to four components (bulge, disk, bar, and a point source) and, most importantly, takes into account disk breaks. We find that ignoring the disk break and using a single disk scale length in the model fit for Type II (down-bending) disk galaxies can lead to differences of 40% in the disk scale length, 10% in bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T), and 25% in bar-to-total luminosity ratios. We find that for galaxies with B/T ≥ 0.1, the break radius to bar radius, r_br/R_bar, varies between 1 and 3, but as a function of B/T the ratio remains roughly constant. This suggests that in bulge-dominated galaxies the disk break is likely related to the outer Lindblad resonance of the bar and thus moves outward as the bar grows. For galaxies with small bulges, B/T < 0.1, r_br/R_bar spans a wide range from 1 to 6. This suggests that the mechanism that produces the break in these galaxies may be different from that in galaxies with more massive bulges. Consistent with previous studies, we conclude that disk breaks in galaxies with small bulges may originate from bar resonances that may be also coupled with the spiral arms, or be related to star formation thresholds
Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a U.K. wetland

Restoration of degraded land is recognized by the international community as an important way of enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services, but more information is needed about its costs and benefits. In Cambridgeshire, U.K., a long-term initiative to convert drained, intensively farmed arable land to a wetland habitat mosaic is driven by a desire both to prevent biodiversity loss from the nationally important Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve (Wicken Fen NNR) and to increase the provision of ecosystem services. We evaluated the changes in ecosystem service delivery resulting from this land conversion, using a new Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA) to estimate biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services provided by the restored wetland mosaic compared with the former arable land. Overall results suggest that restoration is associated with a net gain to society as a whole of $199 ha−1y−1, for a one-off investment in restoration of $2320 ha−1. Restoration has led to an estimated loss of arable production of $2040 ha−1y−1, but estimated gains of $671 ha−1y−1 in nature-based recreation, $120 ha−1y−1 from grazing, $48 ha−1y−1 from flood protection, and a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worth an estimated $72 ha−1y−1. Management costs have also declined by an estimated $1325 ha−1y−1. Despite uncertainties associated with all measured values and the conservative assumptions used, we conclude that there was a substantial gain to society as a whole from this land-use conversion. The beneficiaries also changed from local arable farmers under arable production to graziers, countryside users from towns and villages, and the global community, under restoration. We emphasize that the values reported here are not necessarily transferable to other sites
Lifshitz and Schrödinger vacua, superstar resolution in gauged maximal supergravities

We consider the subset of gauged maximal supergravities that consists of the SO( n  + 1) gauge fields A ij and the scalar deformation T ij of the S n in the spherical reduction of M-theory or type IIB. We focus on the Abelian Cartan subgroup and the diagonal entries of T ij . The resulting theories can be viewed as the STU models with additional hyperscalars. We find that the theories with only one or two such vectors can be generalized naturally to arbitrary dimensions. The same is true for the D  = 4 or 5 Einstein-Maxwell theory with such a hyperscalar. The gauge fields become massive, determined by stationary points of the hyperscalars a la the analogous Abelian Higgs mechanism. We obtain classes of Lifshitz and Schrödinger vacua in these theories. The scaling exponent z turns out to be rather restricted, taking fractional or irrational numbers. Tweaking the theories by relaxing the mass parameter or making a small change of the superpotential, we find that solutions with z  = 2 can emerge. In a different application, we find that the resolution of superstar singularity in the STU models by using bubbling-AdS solitons can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions in our theories. In particular, we obtain the smooth AdS solitons that can be viewed as the resolution of the Reissner-Nordstrøm superstars in general dimensions
Multi-hadron final states in RPV supersymmetric models with extra matter

The gluino mass has been constrained by various search channels at the LHC experiments and the recent analyses are even sensitive to the cases where gluinos decay to quarks at the end of the decay chains through the baryonic RPV operator. We argue that introduction of extra matter, which is partly motivated by cancelling anomalies of discrete R symmetry, may help to relax the gluino mass limit when the RPV hadronic gluino decays are considered. In the scenarios where the extra matter states appear in the gluino decay chains, the number of decay products increases and each jet becomes soft, making it difficult to distinguish the signal from backgrounds. We investigate the sensitivity of existing analyses to such scenarios and demonstrate that the gluino mass limit can be relaxed if the mass spectrum reconciles the sensitivities of high pT jet searches and large jet multiplicity searches
An additional study of multi-muon events produced in p¯p collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV

Open Access under a Creative Commons licenseWe present one additional study of multi-muon events produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider and recorded by the CDF II detector. We use a data set acquired with a dedicated dimuon trigger and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.9 fb -1. We investigate the distribution of the azimuthal angle between the two trigger muons in events containing at least four additional muon candidates to test the compatibility of these events with originating from known QCD processes. We find that this distribution is markedly different from what is expected from such QCD processes and this observation strongly disfavors the possibility that multi-muon events result from an underestimate of the rate of misidentified muons in ordinary QCD events. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain; the European Community’s Human Potential Programme; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland.Peer Reviewe
Democratization and the Civil War

Final Manuscript copy.The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.1000529Dataset set is included.This paper examines the impact of civil war on democratization, particularly
focussing on whether civil war provides an opportunity for institutional reform. We
investigate the impact of war termination in general, along with prolonged violence,
rebel victory, and international intervention on democratization. Using an
unbalanced panel data set of 96 countries covering a 34-year period, our analysis
suggests that civil war lowers democratization in the succeeding period. Our
findings also suggest that United Nations intervention increases democratization, as
do wars ending in stalemates. However, wars ending in rebel victories seem to
reduce democratization. These findings appear robust to conditioning, different
instrument sets, modelling techniques, and the measurement of democracy
EFA6 activates Arf6 and participates in its targeting to the Flemming body during cytokinesis.

The small GTPase Arf6 is transiently associated with the ingressing cleavage furrow and subsequently targeted to the Flemming body during cytokinesis, suggesting its activation around the cleavage furrow. Here, we show that EFA6 (exchange factor for Arf6) localizes on the cleavage furrow through its PH domain. Time-lapse analysis showed that both EFA6 and Arf6 are transiently localized around the ingressing cleavage furrow, but only Arf6 is subsequently targeted to the Flemming body. Expression of an EFA6 mutant suppresses Arf6 recruitment onto the Flemming body. These results suggest that EFA6 participates in activation of Arf6 around the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis
Laser-targeted ablation of the zebrafish embryonic ventricle : a novel model of cardiac injury and repair.

Background: While the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) heart demonstrates a remarkable capacity for self-renewal following apical resection little is known about the response to injury in the embryonic heart. Methods: Injury to the beating zebrafish embryo heart was induced by laser using a transgenic zebrafish expressing cardiomyocyte specific green fluorescent protein. Changes in ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR), and caudal vein blood flow (CVBF) assessed by video capture techniques were assessed at 2, 24 and 48 h post-laser. Change in total and mitotic ventricular cardiomyocyte number following laser injury was also assessed by counting respectively DAPI (VCt) and Phospho-histone H3 (VCm) positive nuclei in isolated hearts using confocal microscopy. Results: Laser injury to the ventricle resulted in bradycardia and mild bleeding into the pericardium. At 2 h post-laser injury, there was a significant reduction in cardiac performance in lasered-hearts compared with controls (HR 117 ± 11 vs 167 ± 9 bpm, p ≤ 0.001; EF 14.1 ± 1.8 vs 20.1 ± 1.3%, p ≤ 0.001; CVBF 103 ± 15 vs 316 ± 13μms− 1, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). Isolated hearts showed a significant reduction in VCt at 2 h post-laser compared to controls (195 ± 15 vs 238 ± 15, p ≤ 0.05). Histology showed necrosis and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) at the site of laser injury. At 24 h post-laser cardiac performance and VCt had recovered fully to control levels. Pretreatment with the cell-cycle inhibitor, aphidicolin, significantly inhibited functional recovery of the ventricle accompanied by a significant inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation.\ud
Conclusions: Laser-targeted injury of the zebrafish embryonic heart is a novel and reproducible model of cardiac injury and repair suitable for pharmacological and molecular studies
Phylogenomics of the killer whale indicates ecotype divergence in sympatry.

For many highly mobile species, the marine environment presents few obvious barriers to gene flow. Even so, there is considerable diversity within and among species, referred to by some as the ‘marine speciation paradox’. The recent and diverse radiation of delphinid cetaceans (dolphins) represents a good example of this. Delphinids are capable of extensive dispersion and yet many show fine-scale genetic differentiation among populations. Proposed mechanisms include the division and isolation of populations based on habitat dependence and resource specializations, and habitat release or changing dispersal corridors during glacial cycles. Here we use a phylogenomic approach to investigate the origin of differentiated sympatric populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Killer whales show strong specialization on prey choice in populations of stable matrifocal social groups (ecotypes), associated with genetic and phenotypic differentiation. Our data suggest evolution in sympatry among populations of resource specialists
Ranks of finite semigroups of one-dimensional cellular automata.

Since first introduced by John von Neumann, the notion of cellular automaton has grown into a\ud
key concept in computer science, physics and theoretical biology. In its classical setting, a cellular\ud
automaton is a transformation of the set of all configurations of a regular grid such that the image\ud
of any particular cell of the grid is determined by a fixed local function that only depends on a fixed\ud
finite neighbourhood. In recent years, with the introduction of a generalised definition in terms of\ud
transformations of the form τ : AG → AG (where G is any group and A is any set), the theory of\ud
cellular automata has been greatly enriched by its connections with group theory and topology. In\ud
this paper, we begin the finite semigroup theoretic study of cellular automata by investigating the\ud
rank (i.e. the cardinality of a smallest generating set) of the semigroup CA(Zn; A) consisting of\ud
all cellular automata over the cyclic group Zn and a finite set A. In particular, we determine this\ud
rank when n is equal to p, 2k or 2kp, for any odd prime p and k ≥ 1, and we give upper and lower\ud
bounds for the general case
Flavor $SU(3)$ properties of beauty tetraquark states with three
  different light quarks

Beauty tetraquark states $X(\bar b q'q'' \bar q )$ composed of $ \bar b s u
\bar d$, $\bar b d s \bar u$, and $\bar b u d \bar s$, are unique that all the
four valence quarks are different. Although the claim of existence of the first
two states by D0 was not confirmed by data from LHCb, the possibility of such
states still generated a lot of interests and should be pursued further.
Non-observation of $X(\bar b q'q'' \bar q )$ states by LHCb may be just due to
a still lower production rate than the limit of LHCb or at some different mass
ranges. In this work we use light quark $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry as guideline to
classify symmetry properties of beauty tetraquark states. The multiplets which
contain states with three different light quarks must be one of ${\bf \bar 6}$
or ${\bf 15}$ of $SU(3)$ representations. We study possible decays of such a
tetraquark state into a $B$ meson and a light pesudoscalar octet meson by
constructing a leading order chiral Lagrangian, and also provide search
strategies to determine whether a given tetraquark state of this type belongs
to ${\bf \bar 6}$ or ${\bf 15}$. If $X(\bar b q'q''\bar q )$ belongs to ${\bf
15}$, there are new doubly charged tetraquark states $\bar b u u \bar d$ and
$\bar b u u \bar s$.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages. Title changed and contents expande
Investigating the genetic load of an emblematic invasive species: the case of the invasive harlequin ladybird #Harmonia axyridis#

Introduction events can lead to admixture between genetically differentiated populations and bottlenecks in population size. These processes can alter the adaptive potential of invasive species by shaping genetic variation, but more importantly, they can also directly affect mean population fitness either increasing it or decreasing it. Which outcome is observed depends on the structure of the genetic load of the species. The ladybird Harmonia axyridis is a good example of invasive species where introduced populations have gone through admixture and bottleneck events. We used laboratory experiments to manipulate the relatedness among H. axyridis parental individuals to assess the possibility for heterosis or outbreeding depression in F1 generation offspring for two traits related to fitness (lifetime performance and generation time). We found that inter-populations crosses had no major impact on the lifetime performance of the offspring produced by individuals from either native or invasive populations. Significant outbreeding depression was observed only for crosses between native populations for generation time. The absence of observed heterosis is indicative of a low occurrence of fixed deleterious mutations within both the native and invasive populations of H. axyridis. The observed deterioration of fitness in native inter-population crosses most likely results from genetic incompatibilities between native genomic backgrounds. We discuss the implications of these results for the structure of genetic load in H. axyridis in the light of the available information regarding the introduction history of this species. (Résumé d'auteur
The likelihood ratio test for general mixture models with or without structural parameter

International audienceThis paper deals with the likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing hypotheses on the mixing measure in mixture models with or without structural parameter. The main result gives the asymptotic distribution of the LRT statistics under some conditions that are proved to be almost necessary. A detailed solution is given for two testing problems: the test of a single distribution against any mixture, with application to Gaussian, Poisson and binomial distributions; the test of the number of populations in a finite mixture with or without structural parameter
Discovery of VHE emission towards the Carina arm region with the
  H.E.S.S. telescope array: HESS J1018-589

The observational coverage with HESS of the Carina region in VHE gamma-rays
benefits from deep exposure (40 h) of the neighboring open cluster Westerlund
2. The observations have revealed a new extended region of VHE gamma-ray
emission. The new VHE source HESS J1018-589 shows a bright, point-like emission
region positionally coincident with SNR G284.3-1.8 and 1FGL J1018.6 - 5856 and
a diffuse extension towards the direction of PSR J1016-5857. A soft
Gamma=2.7+-0.5 photon index, with a differential flux at 1TeV of
N0=(4.2+-1.1)10^-13 TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1 is found for the point-like source,
whereas the total emission region including the diffuse emission region is well
fit by a power-law function with spectral index Gamma=2.9+-0.4 and differential
flux at 1TeV of N0=(6.8+-1.6) 10^-13 TeV^-1 cm^-2 s^-1. This H.E.S.S. detection
motivated follow-up X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton satellite to
investigate the origin of the VHE emission. The analysis of the XMM-Newton data
resulted in the discovery of a bright, non-thermal point-like source (XMMU
J101855.4-58564) with a photon index of Gamma=1.65+-0.08 in the center of
SNRG284.3-1.8, and a thermal, extended emission region coincident with its
bright northern filament. The characteristics of this thermal emission are used
to estimate the plasma density in the region as n~0.5 cm^-3(2.9kpc/d)^2. The
position of XMMUJ101855.4-58564 is compatible with the position reported by the
Fermi-LAT collaboration for the binary system 1FGL J1018.6-5856 and the
variable Swift XRT source identified with it. The new X-ray data are used
alongside archival multi-wavelength data to investigate the relationship
between the VHE gamma-ray emission from HESSJ1018-589 and the various potential
counterparts in the Carina arm region.Comment: accepted in A&
How to model marine reserves ?

International audienceThe safeguarding of resources is one of the principal subjects of halieutics studies. Among the solutions proposed to avert the disappearance of species, the setting in place of no take reserves is often mentioned. Most work on this subject, theoretical as well as applied, was undertaken in recent years. In this paper, we seek to compare two different models presented in existing literature by highlighting their underlying assumptions. Both models were derived from what is often referred to as the "model of Schaefer-Clark'' (reference to the work of the last author on Mathematical Bioeconomics : Clark [7]). We show that various variations of this model lead to properties that can be very different