pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An energy-duration procedure for rapid determination of earthquake magnitude and tsunamigenic potential

We introduce a rapid and robust, energy-duration procedure, based on the Haskell, extendedsource
model, to obtain an earthquake moment and a moment magnitude, MED. Using seismograms
at teleseismic distances (30!–90!), this procedure combines radiated seismic energy
measures on the P to S interval of broadband signals and source duration measures on highfrequency,
P-wave signals. The MED energy-duration magnitude is scaled to correspond to the
Global Centroid-Moment Tensor (CMT) moment-magnitude, MCMT
w , and can be calculated
within about 20 min or less after origin time (OT). The measured energy and duration values
also provide the energy-to-moment ratio, !, used for identification of tsunami earthquakes.
The MED magnitudes for a set of recent, large earthquakes match closely MCMT
w , even for the
largest, great earthquakes; these results imply that the MED measure is accurate and does not
saturate. After the 2004 December 26 Sumatra-Andaman mega-thrust earthquake, magnitude
estimates available within 1 hr of OT ranged from M = 8.0 to 8.5, the CMT magnitude, available
about 3 hr after OT, was MCMT
w = 9.0, and, several months after the event, Mw = 9.1–9.3
was obtained from analysis of the earth normal modes. The energy-duration magnitude for
this event is MED = 9.2, a measure that is potentially available within 20 min after OT. After
the 2006 July 17, Java earthquake, the magnitude was evaluated at M = 7.2 at 17 min after
OT, the CMT magnitude, available about 1 hr after OT, was MCMT
w = 7.7; the energy-duration
results for this event give MED = 7.8, with a very long source duration of about 160 s, and a
very low ! value, indicating a possible tsunami earthquake
Representative misconduct, voter perceptions and accountability : evidence from the 2009 House of Commons expenses scandal.

This paper examines electoral accountability after the 2009–10 UK expenses scandal. Existing research shows that Members of Parliament (MPs) implicated in the scandal fared only marginally worse in the election than non-implicated colleagues. This lack of electoral accountability for misconduct could have arisen either because voters did not know about their representative's wrongdoing or because they chose not to electorally sanction them. We combine panel survey data with new measures of MP implication in the expenses scandal to test where electoral accountability failed. We find that MP implication influenced voter perceptions of wrongdoing more than expected. In contrast, constituents were only marginally less likely to vote for MPs who were implicated in the scandal. Electoral accountability may therefore be constrained even when information about representative misconduct is easily available and clearly influences voter perceptions
Tracking pan-continental trends in environmental contamination using sentinel raptors — what types of samples should we use?

Biomonitoring using birds of prey as sentinel species has been mooted as a way to evaluate the success of European Union directives that are designed to protect people and the environment across Europe from industrial contaminants and pesticides. No such pan-European evaluation currently exists. Coordination of such large scale monitoring would require harmonisation across multiple countries of the types of samples collected and analysed-matrices vary in the ease with which they can be collected and the information they provide. We report the first ever pan-European assessment of which raptor samples are collected across Europe and review their suitability for biomonitoring. Currently, some 182 monitoring programmes across 33 European countries collect a variety of raptor samples, and we discuss the relative merits of each for monitoring current priority and emerging compounds. Of the matrices collected, blood and liver are used most extensively for quantifying trends in recent and longer-term contaminant exposure, respectively. These matrices are potentially the most effective for pan-European biomonitoring but are not so widely and frequently collected as others. We found that failed eggs and feathers are the most widely collected samples. Because of this ubiquity, they may provide the best opportunities for widescale biomonitoring, although neither is suitable for all compounds. We advocate piloting pan-European monitoring of selected priority compounds using these matrices and developing read-across approaches to accommodate any effects that trophic pathway and species differences in accumulation may have on our ability to track environmental trends in contaminants
Mid-IR spectra of Pre-Main Sequence Herbig stars: an explanation for the
  non-detections of water lines

The mid-IR detection rate of water lines in disks around Herbig stars disks
is about 5\%, while it is around 50\% for disks around TTauri stars. The reason
for this is still unclear. In this study, we want to find an explanation for
the different detection rates between low mass and high mass pre-main-sequence
stars (PMSs) in the mid-IR regime. We run disk models with stellar parameters
adjusted to spectral types B9 through M2, using the radiation thermo-chemical
disk modeling code ProDiMo. We produce convolved spectra at the resolution of
Spitzer IRS, JWST MIRI and VLT VISIR spectrographs. We apply random noise
derived from typical Spitzer spectra for a direct comparison with observations.
The strength of the mid-IR water lines correlates directly with the luminosity
of the central star. We explored a small parameter space around a standard disk
model, considering dust-to-gas mass ratio, disk gas mass, mixing coefficient
for dust settling, flaring index, dust maximum size and size power law
distribution index. The models show that it is possible to suppress the water
emission, however, current observations are not sensitive enough to detect
mid-IR lines in disks for most of the explored parameters. The presence of
noise in the spectra, combined with the high continuum flux (noise level is
proportional to the continuum flux), is the most likely explanation for the non
detections towards Herbig stars. Mid-IR spectra with resolution higher than
20000 are needed to investigate water in protoplanetary disks. Intrinsic
differences in disk structure, e.g. inner gaps, gas-to-dust ratio, dust size
and distribution, and inner disk scale height, between Herbig and TTauri star
disks are able to explain a lower water detection rate in disks around Herbig
stars
First Results of GINGERino, a deep underground ringlaser

Large ring-laser gyroscopes are capable of measuring angular rotations with a
precision well below fractions of $prad/s$, not far from $10^{-14}$ $rad/s$,
the accuracy required for General Relativity tests, this is what the GINGER
(Gyroscope-IN-GEneral-Relativity) experiment is aiming for. These features do
not guarantee the possibility of measuring the General Relativity
Lense--Thirring effect, that manifests itself as a tiny ($\approx 10^{-9}
\times \Omega_E$) perturbation of the Earth rotation rate. An underground
location being in principle less affected by external local disturbances
represents a good candidate for housing such a challenging experiment.
GINGERino is a test apparatus to investigate the residual local disturbances in
the most inner part of the underground international laboratory of the
GranSasso (LNGS). It consists of a square ring laser with a $3.6$ m side. The
instrument has been tailored to be the larger allowed by the particular
location inside the laboratory. Its main objective is to measure the very low
frequency rotational motions, in order to prove that LNGS is a suitable
location for very low noise measurements and, possibly, General Relativity
tests. Aside this main goal, GINGERino will provide unique data for geodesy and
geophysics. Its installation has been completed during 2015. Since then,
several long set of data have been collected, and the apparatus has been
continuously running unattended for more than one week. The typical power
spectrum sensitivity was a few $ 10^{-10} rad/s/\sqrt(Hz)$, with integration
time not longer than tens of seconds. Improvements of the apparatus are ongoing
in order to improve the integration time.Comment: 21 pages, and 19 figur
Angular distributions in $J/\psi\to p\bar{p}\pi^{0}(\eta)$ decays

The differential decay rates of the processes $J/\psi\to p\bar{p}\pi^{0}$ and
$J/\psi\to p\bar{p}\eta$ close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold are calculated with
the help of the $N\bar{N}$ optical potential. The same calculations are made
for the decays of $\psi(2S)$. We use the potential which has been suggested to
fit the cross sections of $N\bar{N}$ scattering together with $N\bar{N}$ and
six pion production in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation close to the $p\bar{p}$
threshold. The $p\bar{p}$ invariant mass spectra is in agreement with the
available experimental data. The anisotropy of the angular distributions, which
appears due to the tensor forces in the $N\bar{N}$ interaction, is predicted
close to the $p\bar{p}$ threshold. This anisotropy is large enough to be
investigated experimentally. Such measurements would allow one to check the
accuracy of the model of $N\bar{N}$ interaction.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Ionospheric Modelling using GPS to Calibrate the MWA. II: Regional
  ionospheric modelling using GPS and GLONASS to estimate ionospheric gradients

We estimate spatial gradients in the ionosphere using the Global Positioning
System (GPS) and GLONASS (Russian global navigation system) observations,
utilising data from multiple GPS stations in the vicinity of Murchison
Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). In previous work the ionosphere was
characterised using a single-station to model the ionosphere as a single layer
of fixed height and this was compared with ionospheric data derived from radio
astronomy observations obtained from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA).
Having made improvements to our data quality (via cycle slip detection and
repair) and incorporating data from the GLONASS system, we now present a
multi-station approach. These two developments significantly improve our
modelling of the ionosphere. We also explore the effects of a variable-height
model. We conclude that modelling the small-scale features in the ionosphere
that have been observed with the MWA will require a much denser network of
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations than is currently available
at the MRO.Comment: 15 pages, 12 Figures, paper accepted for publication in Publications
  of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA
lnformal learning model for engineering technology teachers

The purpose of this research is to investigate teachesr’ readiness in informal learning. A learning model was develop to help the teachers to understand the state of their readiness in teaching the Engineering Technology subject based on knowledge and management skills. The study was designed to answer questions on method used in of informal learning, factors that influence engagement in informal learning in the workplace, personal characteristic of the teachers, and the organization's learning culture. Using a set of questionnaire, data was collected from a group of Engineering Technology teachers and analysed using min score and percentage
Long-term underwater sound measurements in the shipping noise indicator bands 63Hz and 125Hz from the port of Falmouth Bay, UK

PublishedThis is an open access article.Chronic low-frequency anthropogenic sound, such as shipping noise, may be negatively affecting marine life. The EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) includes a specific indicator focused on this noise. This indicator is the yearly average sound level in third-octave bands with centre frequencies at 63 Hz and 125 Hz. These levels are described for Falmouth Bay, UK, an active port at the entrance to the English Channel. Underwater sound was recorded for 30 min h− 1 over the period June 2012 to November 2013 for a total of 435 days. Mean third-octave levels were louder in the 125-Hz band (annual mean level of 96.0 dB re 1 μPa) than in the 63-Hz band (92.6 dB re 1 μPa). These levels and variations are assessed as a function of seasons, shipping activity and wave height, providing comparison points for future monitoring activities, including the MSFD and emerging international regulation.This work is funded by the European Social Fund (ESF), the Peninsula Research Institute for Marine Renewable Energy (PRIMaRE; funded by the South West Regional Development Agency), MERiFIC (funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg IV-A programme), the Technology Strategy Board (TSB), and Fred Olsen Renewables. We are sincerely thankful to David Raymond and David Parish (U. of Exeter) for their technical support, particularly with mooring development and equipment maintenance and servicing and deployment through this project
Tracer diffusion of hard-sphere binary mixtures under nano confinement

The physics of diffusion phenomena in nano- and microchannels has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, due to its close connection with many technological, medical, and industrial applications. In the present paper, we employ a kinetic approach to investigate how the confinement in nanostructured geometries affects the diffusive properties of fluid mixtures and leads to the appearance of properties different from those of bulk systems. In particular, we derive an expression for the friction tensor in the case of a bulk fluid mixture confined to a narrow slit having undulated walls. The boundary roughness leads to a new mechanism for transverse diffusion and can even lead to an effective diffusion along the channel larger than the one corresponding to a planar channel of equivalent section. Finally, we discuss a reduction of the previous equation to a one dimensional effective diffusion equation in which an entropic term encapsulates the geometrical information on the channel shape
Reanalysis of lattice QCD spectra leading to the $D_{s0}^*(2317)$ and $D_{s1}^*(2460)$

We perform a reanalysis of the energy levels obtained in a recent lattice QCD simulation, from where the existence of bound states of KD and KD ∗ are induced and identified with the narrow D s0 ∗ (2317) and D s1 ∗ (2460) resonances. The reanalysis is done in terms of an auxiliary potential, employing a single-channel basis KD(∗), and a two-channel basis KD(∗), ηD s (∗) . By means of an extended Lüscher method we determine poles of the continuum t-matrix, bound by about 40 MeV with respect to the KD and KD ∗ thresholds, which we identify with the D s0 ∗ (2317) and D s1 ∗ (2460) resonances. Using a sum rule that reformulates Weinberg compositeness condition we can determine that the state D s0 ∗ (2317) contains a KD component in an amount of about 70%, while the state D s1 ∗ (2460) contains a similar amount of KD ∗. We argue that the present lattice simulation results do not still allow us to determine which are the missing channels in the bound state wave functions and we discuss the necessary information that can lead to answer this question
LKB1 and AMPKα1 are required in pancreatic alpha cells for the normal regulation of glucagon secretion and responses to hypoglycemia.

International audienceGlucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells is required for normal glucose homoeostasis and is dysregulated in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The tumour suppressor LKB1 (STK11) and the downstream kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modulate cellular metabolism and growth, and AMPK is an important target of the anti-hyperglycaemic agent metformin. While LKB1 and AMPK have emerged recently as regulators of beta cell mass and insulin secretion, the role of these enzymes in the control of glucagon production in vivo is unclear. Here, we ablated LKB1 (αLKB1KO), or the catalytic alpha subunits of AMPK (αAMPKdKO, -α1KO, -α2KO), selectively in ∼45% of alpha cells in mice by deleting the corresponding flox'd alleles with a preproglucagon promoter (PPG) Cre. Blood glucose levels in male αLKB1KO mice were lower during intraperitoneal glucose, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or arginine tolerance tests, and glucose infusion rates were increased in hypoglycemic clamps (p < 0.01). αLKB1KO mice also displayed impaired hypoglycemia-induced glucagon release. Glucose infusion rates were also elevated (p < 0.001) in αAMPKα1 null mice, and hypoglycemia-induced plasma glucagon increases tended to be lower (p = 0.06). Glucagon secretion from isolated islets was sensitized to the inhibitory action of glucose in αLKB1KO, αAMPKdKO, and -α1KO, but not -α2KO islets. An LKB1-dependent signalling cassette, involving but not restricted to AMPKα1, is required in pancreatic alpha cells for the control of glucagon release by glucose
Thresholding methods to estimate the copula density

International audienceThis paper deals with the problem of the multivariate copula density estimation. Using wavelet methods we provide two shrinkage procedures based on thresholding rules for which the knowledge of the regularity of the copula density to be estimated is not necessary. These methods, said to be adaptive, are proved to perform very well when adopting the minimax and the maxiset approaches. Moreover we show that these procedures can be discriminated in the maxiset sense. We produce an estimation algorithm whose qualities are evaluated thanks some simulation. Last, we propose a real life application for financial data
New insight into the RNA interference response against cathepsin-L gene in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum: Molting or gut phenotypes specifically induced by injection or feeding treatments.

epub ahead of printInternational audience: RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely and successfully used for gene inactivation in insects, including aphids, where dsRNA administration can be performed either by feeding or microinjection. However, several aspects related to the aphid response to RNAi, as well as the influence of the administration method on tissue response, or the mixed success to observe phenotypes specific to the gene targeted, are still unclear in this insect group. In the present study, we made the first direct comparison of two administration methods (injection or feeding) for delivery of dsRNA targeting the cathepsin-L gene in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. In order to maximize the possibility of discovering specific phenotypes, the effect of the treatment was analyzed in single individual aphids at the level of five body compartments: the bacteriocytes, the gut, the embryonic chains, the head and the remaining body carcass. Our analysis revealed that gene expression knockdown effect in each single body compartment was dependent on the administration method used, and allowed us to discover new functions for the cathepsin-L gene in aphids. Injection of cathepsin-L dsRNA was much more effective on carcass and head, inducing body morphology alterations, and suggesting a novel role of this gene in the molting of these insects. Administration by feeding provoked cathepsin-L knockdown in the gut and specific gut epithelial cell alteration, therefore allowing a better characterization of tissue specific role of this gene in aphids
Dual Toxic-Peptide-Coding Staphylococcus aureus RNA under Antisense Regulation Targets Host Cells and Bacterial Rivals Unequally.

International audienceProduced from the pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, stable SprG1 RNA encodes two peptides from a single internal reading frame. These two peptides accumulate at the membrane, and inducing their expression triggers S. aureus death. Replacement of the two initiation codons by termination signals reverses this toxicity. During growth, cis-antisense RNA SprF1 is expressed, preventing mortality by reducing SprG1 RNA and peptide levels. The peptides are secreted extracellularly, where they lyse human host erythrocytes, a process performed more efficiently by the longer peptide. The two peptides also inactivate Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, with the shorter peptide more effective against S. aureus rivals. Two peptides are secreted from an individual RNA containing two functional initiation codons. Thus, we present an unconventional type I toxin-antitoxin system expressed from a human pathogen producing two hemolytic and antibacterial peptides from a dual-coding RNA, negatively regulated by a dual-acting antisense RNA
Unveiling the circumstellar environment toward a massive young stellar object

Aims: As a continuation of a previous work, in which we found  strong evidence of massive molecular outflows toward a massive  star-forming site, we present a new study of this region based on very  high angular resolution observations with the aim of discovering the  outflow-driven mechanism.  Methods: Using near-IR data acquired  with Gemini-NIRI at the broad H- and Ks-bands, we studied a region of  22´´ × 22´´ around the UCHii region G045.47+0.05, a massive-star  forming site at a distance of about 8 kpc. To image the source with the  highest spatial resolution possible we employed the adaptative optics  system ALTAIR, achieving an angular resolution of about 0.15 arcsec.  Results: We discovered a cone shaped nebula that has an opening angle  of about 90° and extends eastward of the IR source 2MASS  J19142564+1109283, which is very likely a massive young stellar object  (MYSO). This morphology suggests a cavity that was cleared in the  circumstellar material, and its emission may arise from scattered  continuum light, warm dust, and probably also from emission lines from  shock-excited gas. The nebula, which presents arc-like features, is  connected with the IR source through a jet-like structure, which is  aligned with the blueshifted CO outflow found in a previous study. The  near-IR structure lies ~3´´ north of the radio continuum emission,  revealing that it is not spatially coincident with the UCHii region. The  observed morphology and structure of the near-IR nebula strongly suggest  the presence of a precessing jet. We resolved the circumstellar  environment (in scale of a thousand AU) of a distant MYSO, indeed one of  the farthest currently known.Fil: Paron, Sergio Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio(i); Argentina;Fil: Fariña, C.. Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes; España;Fil: Ortega, Martin Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio(i); Argentina