pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Localization of antimicrobial peptides in the tunic of Ciona intestinalis ( Ascidiacea, Tunicata) and their involvement in local inflammatory-like reactions

Tunicates comprising a wide variety of different species synthesize antimicrobial peptides as important\ud
effector molecules of the innate immune system. Recently, two putative gene families coding for\ud
antimicrobial peptides were identified in the expressed sequence tag database of the tunicate Ciona\ud
intestinalis. Two synthetic peptides representing the cationic core region of one member of each of the\ud
families displayed potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, the natural peptides were\ud
demonstrated to be synthesized and stored in distinct hemocyte types. Here, we investigated the\ud
presence of these natural peptides, namely Ci-MAM-A and Ci-PAP-A, in the tunic of C. intestinalis\ud
considering that the ascidian tunic is a body surface barrier exposed to constant microbial assault.\ud
Furthermore, as the tunic may represent a major route of entry for pathogen invasion after its damage\ud
we monitored the location of these peptides upon a local inflammatory-like reaction induced by\ud
injection of foreign cells. Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy both peptides were\ud
localized to the tunic and were massively present in granulocytes of inflamed tissue. Conclusively,\ud
antimicrobial peptides may constitute a chemical barrier within the tunic of urochordates
Measurement of total and differential W + W − production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings

The production of W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at s√=8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to 20.3 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The W bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decays into electrons or muons and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. A total of 6636 WW candidate events are observed. Measurements are performed in fiducial regions closely approximating the detector acceptance. The integrated measurement is corrected for all acceptance effects and for the W branching fractions to leptons in order to obtain the total WW production cross section, which is found to be 71.1 ± 1.1(stat) − 5.0+ 5.7(syst) ± 1.4(lumi) pb. This agrees with the next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of 63. 2− 1.4+ 1.6(scale) ± 1.2(PDF) pb. Fiducial differential cross sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the leading lepton is used to set limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson coupling
Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distribution in lead-lead collisions at √s NN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThe ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the centrality dependence of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions over |η| < 2 in lead–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of √ sNN = 2.76 TeV. In order to include particles with transverse momentum as low as 30 MeV, the data were recorded with the central solenoid magnet off. Charged particles were reconstructed with two algorithms (2-point “tracklets” and full tracks) using information from the pixel detector only. The lead–lead collision centrality was characterized by the total transverse energy in the forward calorimeter in the range 3.2 < |η| < 4.9. Measurements are presented of the per-event charged particle pseudorapidity distribution, dNch/dη, and the average charged particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 0.5 in several intervals of collision centrality. The results are compared to previous midrapidity measurements at the LHC and RHIC. The variation of the mid-rapidity charged particle yield per colliding nucleon pair with the number of participants is consistent with lower √ sNN results. The shape of the dNch/dη distribution is found to be independent of centrality within the systematic uncertainties of the measurementWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. 

The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association with jets in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMThis Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W + jets cross section in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon decay modes of the W-boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the event. Measurements are also presented of the ratio of cross sections σ(W+ ≥ n) /σ(W+ ≥ n − 1) for inclusive jet multiplicities n = 1–4. The results, based on an integrated luminosity of 1.3 pb−1, have been corrected for all known detector effects and are quoted in a limited and well-defined range of jet and lepton kinematics. The measured cross sections are compared to particle-level predictions based on perturbative QCD. Next-toleading order calculations, studied here for n≤2, are found in good agreement with the data. Leadingorder multiparton event generators, normalized to the NNLO total cross section, describe the data well for all measured jet multiplicitiesWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3–CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
The complexity of achievement and maintenance problems in agent-based systems.

We completely classify the computational complexity of the basic achievement and maintenance agent design problems in bounded environments when these problems are parameterized by the number of environment states and the number of agent actions. The different problems are P-complete, NP-complete, co-NP-complete or PSPACE-complete (when they are not trivial). We also consider alternative achievement and maintenance agent design problems by allowing longer runs in environments (that is, our environments are bounded but the bounds are more liberal than was the case previously). Again, we obtain a complete classification but so that the different problems are DEXPTIME-complete, NEXPTIME-complete, co-NEXPTIME-complete or NEXPSPACE-complete (when they are not trivial)
A prospective randomized study of congenital cryptorchidism

Background:
Cryptorchidism is the most common anomaly in newborn boys. Despite its frequency there are controversies regarding many aspects, including the optimal timing of surgery, natural course of the spontaneously descended
testes, frequency of acquired cryptorchidism, risk of infertility and testicular cancer. Based on indirect proof the general consensus is that treatment should be offered before the age of 2 years. However, this has not been proven in prospective randomized trials.



Aims:
The objectives are to present the first prospective randomized study on the optimal age for treatment, to identify markers of importance for future spermatogenesis and to investigate the growth and natural course of the spontaneously descended testes.



Patients and methods:
A total of 426 boys were included. Morphometric, volumetric and endocrine data were investigated in boys randomized to surgery at 9 months or 3 years of age and compared to boys with spontaneous descent up to 5 years of age. A total of 213 biopsies were analyzed, testicular volume was assessed from ultrasound measurements at birth and 6 months and then yearly up to 5 years of age. At surgery, measurements were made with a ruler. Inhibin B, LH, FSH and testosterone were analyzed at birth, at 2 and 6 months and at 1, 2 and 4 years of age.



Results:
Comparisons between early and late treated boys showed significant differences in testicular growth, number of germ and Sertoli cells (p<0.001) at the time of surgery. The testes that descended spontaneously showed impaired growth and were found to be at high risk for later ascent. No conclusive differences in hormone levels were demonstrated.



Conclusions:
We have proven that surgical treatment at 9 months of age is more beneficial for spermatogenesis and testicular growth compared to treatment at 3 years of age, testicular volume was also shown to reflect spermatogenesis in early childhood. Hormones taken at infancy could not predict later testicular growth or spermatogenesis. We proved that also spontaneously descended testes have impaired later growth and, furthermore, that many of these testes ascended later on
Chiral unitary approach to the K--deuteron scattering length

Starting from a recent model where the (K) over barN amplitudes are evaluated from the chiral Lagrangians using a coupled-channel unitary method, we evaluate here the scattering length for K--deuteron scattering. We find that the double scattering contribution is very large compared to the impulse approximation and that the charge-exchange contribution of this rescattering is as large as the sequential K scattering on the two nucleons. Higher-order rescattering corrections are evaluated using coupled channels with K- and (K) over bar (0) within the integral form of the fixed centre approximation to the Faddeev equations. The higher-order corrections involving intermediate pions and hyperons are found negligible. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
B-strings on non-K\"ahlerian manifolds

We explain how to couple topological B-models whose targets are
non-K\"ahlerian manifolds to topological gravity and to thus define
corresponding topological strings. We emphasize the need to take into account
the coupling to the superghost field of topological gravity in order to obtain
a consistent definition of the string model. We also review the importance of
the superghost for correctly interpreting the holomorphic anomaly of the string
amplitudes. We perform our analysis in the BV framework in order to make it
completely gauge independent.Comment: 33 pages, Nuclear Physics B, Special Issue "Memoriam Raymond Stora",
  in pres
Search for dark matter and unparticles in events with a Z boson and
  missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for dark matter and unparticle production at the LHC has been
performed using events containing two charged leptons (electrons or muons),
consistent with the decay of a Z boson, and large missing transverse momentum.
This study is based on data collected with the CMS detector in 2015,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns of
proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No
excess over the standard model expectation is observed. Compared to previous
searches in this topology, which exclusively relied on effective field
theories, the results are interpreted in terms of a simplified model of dark
matter production for both vector and axial vector couplings between a mediator
and dark matter particles. The first study of this class of models using CMS
data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is presented. Additionally, effective field theories
of dark matter and unparticle production are used to interpret the data.Comment: Added the Erratum reference to the journal reference. All the figures
  and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-16-010
  (CMS Public Pages
The global surface composition of 67P/CG nucleus by Rosetta/VIRTIS. (I) Prelanding mission phase

From August to November 2014 the Rosetta orbiter has performed an extensive observation campaign aimed at the characterization of 67P/CG nucleus properties and to the selection of the Philae landing site. The campaign led to the production of a global map of the illuminated portion of 67P/CG nucleus. During this prelanding phase the comet's heliocentric distance decreased from 3.62 to 2.93 AU while Rosetta was orbiting around the nucleus at distances between 100 to 10 km. VIRTIS-M, the Visible and InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer - Mapping channel (Coradini et al., [2007] Space Sci. Rev., 128, 529-559) onboard the orbiter, has acquired 0.25-5.1 μm hyperspectral data of the entire illuminated surface, e.g. the north hemisphere and the equatorial regions, with spatial resolution between 2.5 and 25 m/pixel. I/F spectra have been corrected for thermal emission removal in the 3.5-5.1 μm range and for surface's photometric response. The resulting reflectance spectra have been used to compute several Cometary Spectral Indicators (CSI): single scattering albedo at 0.55 μm, 0.5-0.8 μm and 1.0-2.5 μm spectral slopes, 3.2 μm organic material and 2.0 μm water ice band parameters (center, depth) with the aim to map their spatial distribution on the surface and to study their temporal variability as the nucleus moved towards the Sun. Indeed, throughout the investigated period, the nucleus surface shows a significant increase of the single scattering albedo along with a decrease of the 0.5-0.8 and 1.0-2.5 μm spectral slopes, indicating a flattening of the reflectance. We attribute the origin of this effect to the partial removal of the dust layer caused by the increased contribution of water sublimation to the gaseous activity as comet crossed the frost-line. The regions more active at the time of these observations, like Hapi in the neck/north pole area, appear brighter, bluer and richer in organic material than the rest of the large and small lobe of the nucleus. The parallel coordinates method (Inselberg [1985] Vis. Comput., 1, 69-91) has been used to identify associations between average values of the spectral indicators and the properties of the geomorphological units as defined by (Thomas et al., [2015] Science, 347, 6220) and (El-Maarry et al., [2015] Astron. Astrophys., 583, A26). Three classes have been identified (smooth/active areas, dust covered areas and depressions), which can be clustered on the basis of the 3.2 μm organic material's band depth, while consolidated terrains show a high variability of the spectral properties resulting being distributed across all three classes. These results show how the spectral variability of the nucleus surface is more variegated than the morphological classes and that 67P/CG surface properties are dynamical, changing with the heliocentric distance and with activity processes
Subglacial processes on an Antarctic ice stream bed. 2 : Can modelled ice dynamics explain the morphology of mega-scale glacial lineations?

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was funded by Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) UK standard grants NE/G015430/1 and NE/G018677/1. Jamieson was supported by NERC Fellowship NE/J018333/1 and Spagnolo was supported by NERC new investigator grant NE/J004766/1. This research would not have been possible without the hard work of scientists and crew during research cruises JR59, JR71, JR157 and NBP0201. We thank Chris Clark for useful discussions and two anonymous reviewers for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. Data produced in this manuscript are available from the corresponding author.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Search for new phenomena in the WW→ℓνℓ′ν′ final state in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports a search for a heavy particle that decays to WW using events produced in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb[superscript −1]. WW→ℓνℓ′ν′ (ℓ,ℓ′=e or μ) final states are considered and the distribution of the transverse mass of the WW candidates is found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio into W boson pairs are set for Randall–Sundrum and bulk Randall–Sundrum gravitons, which result in observed 95% CL lower limits on the masses of the two particles of 1.23 TeV and 0.84 TeV, respectively.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Measurement of the cross section for electroweak production of Z gamma
  in association with two jets and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge
  couplings in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak
production of a Z boson and a photon in association with two jets in
proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s)= 8 TeV. The Z bosons are identified through
their decays to electron or muon pairs. The measurement is based on data
collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
19.7 inverse femtobarns. The electroweak contribution has a significance of 3.0
standard deviations, and the measured fiducial cross section is 1.86
+0.90/-0.75 (stat) +0.34/-0.26 (syst) +/- 0.05 (lumi) fb, while the summed
electroweak and quantum chromodynamic total cross section in the same region is
observed to be 5.94 +1.53/-1.35 (stat) +0.43/-0.37 (syst) +/- 0.13 (lumi) fb.
Both measurements are consistent with the leading-order standard model
predictions. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set based on the Z
gamma mass distribution.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference. All
  the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-14-018
  (CMS Public Pages
Prometheus induced vorticity in Saturn's F ring

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Springer under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Saturn’s rings are known to show remarkable real time variability in their structure. Many of which can be associated to interactions with nearby moons and moonlets. Possibly the most interesting and dynamic place in the rings, probably in the whole Solar System, is the F ring. A highly disrupted ring with large asymmetries both radially and azimuthally. Numerically non-zero components to the curl of the velocity vector field (vorticity) in the perturbed area of the F ring post encounter are witnessed, significantly above the background vorticity. Within the perturbed area rich distributions of local rotations is seen located in and around the channel edges. The gravitational scattering of ring particles during the encounter causes a significant elevated curl of the vector field above the background F ring vorticity for the first 1–3 orbital periods post encounter. After 3 orbital periods vorticity reverts quite quickly to near background levels. This new found dynamical vortex life of the ring will be of great interest to planet and planetesimals in proto-planetary disks where vortices and turbulence are suspected of having a significant role in their formation and migrations. Additionally, it is found that the immediate channel edges created by the close passage of Prometheus actually show high radial dispersions in the order ~20–50 cm/s, up to a maximum of 1 m/s. This is much greater than the value required by Toomre for a disk to be unstable to the growth of axisymmetric oscillations. However, an area a few hundred km away from the edge shows a more promising location for the growth of coherent objects
Search for microscopic black holes and string balls in final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at root s= 8 TeV

A search for an excess of events with multiple high transverse momentum objects including charged leptons and jets is presented, using 20.3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of ps = 8TeV. No excess of events beyond Standard Model expectations is observed. Using extra-dimensional models for black hole and string ball production and decay, exclusion contours are determined as a function of the mass threshold for production and the fundamental gravity scale for two, four and six extra dimensions. For six extra dimensions, mass thresholds of 4.8-6.2TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the fundamental gravity scale and model assumptions. Upper limits on the fiducial cross-sections for non-Standard Model production of these final states are set.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration