pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of Gravity and the Laws of Newton

Starting from first principles and general assumptions Newton's law of
gravitation is shown to arise naturally and unavoidably in a theory in which
space is emergent through a holographic scenario. Gravity is explained as an
entropic force caused by changes in the information associated with the
positions of material bodies. A relativistic generalization of the presented
arguments directly leads to the Einstein equations. When space is emergent even
Newton's law of inertia needs to be explained. The equivalence principle leads
us to conclude that it is actually this law of inertia whose origin is
entropic.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figure
On Dumb Holes and their Gravity Duals

Inhomogeneous fluid flows which become supersonic are known to produce
acoustic analogs of ergoregions and horizons. This leads to Hawking-like
radiation of phonons with a temperature essentially given by the gradient of
the velocity at the horizon. We find such acoustic dumb holes in charged
conformal fluids and use the fluid-gravity correspondence to construct dual
gravity solutions. A class of quasinormal modes around these gravitational
backgrounds perceive a horizon. Upon quantization, this implies a thermal
spectrum for these modes.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figure
Unwinding of strings thrown into a fuzzball

The traditional black hole has a horizon, with a singularity inside the
horizon. But actual microstates of black holes are `fuzzballs', with no horizon
and a complex internal structure. We take the simplest hole in string theory --
the extremal 2-charge D1D5 hole -- and study a simple effect that is a
consequence of this internal structure of the fuzzball. Suppose we have a NS1
string wrapping the compact circle of the fuzzball solution. In the traditional
black hole solution this circle is directly tensored with the remaining
directions, and does not shrink to zero size. Thus a part of the string can
fall behind the horizon, but not `unwind'. In the fuzzball geometry, this
circle makes a nontrivial geometric structure -- the KK monople -- by mixing
with the other directions, and thus shrinks to zero at the core of the
monopole. Thus the string can `unwind' in the fuzzball geometry, and the
winding charge is then manifested by a nontrivial field strength living on the
microstate solution. We compute this field strength for a generic microstate,
and comment briefly on the physics suggested by the unwinding process.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures, Latex, minor comments adde
Supersymmetric Index from Black Hole Entropy

For BPS black holes with at least four unbroken supercharges, we describe how
the macroscopic entropy can be used to compute an appropriate index, which can
be then compared with the same index computed in the microscopic description.
We obtain exact results incorporating all higher order quantum corrections in
the limit when only one of the charges, representing momentum along an internal
direction, approaches infinity keeping all other charges fixed at arbitrary
finite values. In this limit, we find that the microscopic index is controlled
by certain anomaly coefficients whereas the macroscopic index is controlled by
the coefficients of certain Chern-Simons terms in the effective action. The
equality between the macroscopic and the microscopic index then follows as a
consequence of anomaly inflow. In contrast, the absolute degeneracy does not
have any such simple expression in terms of the anomaly coefficients or
coefficients of Chern-Simons terms. We apply our analysis to several examples
of spinning black holes in five dimensions and non-spinning black holes in four
dimensions to compute the index exactly in the limit when only one of the
charges becomes large, and find perfect agreement with the result of exact
microscopic counting. Our analysis resolves a puzzle involving M5-branes
wrapped on a 5-cycle in K3 x T^3.Comment: LaTeX file, 68 page
Holographic Optics and Negative Refractive Index

In recent years a very exciting and intense activity has been devoted to the
understanding and construction of materials that enjoy exotic optical
properties, such as a negative refractive index. Motivated by these
experimental and theoretical developments, we use the string-inspired idea of
holography to study the electromagnetic response of a certain class of media:
strongly coupled relativistic systems that admit a dual gravitational
description. Our results indicate that this type of media generally have a
negative refractive index. Moreover we observe that a negative refractive index
could be a common feature of relativistic hydrodynamic systems at low
frequencies.Comment: 20+1 pages, 7 figure
RECAST: Extending the Impact of Existing Analyses

Searches for new physics by experimental collaborations represent a
significant investment in time and resources. Often these searches are
sensitive to a broader class of models than they were originally designed to
test. We aim to extend the impact of existing searches through a technique we
call 'recasting'. After considering several examples, which illustrate the
issues and subtleties involved, we present RECAST, a framework designed to
facilitate the usage of this technique.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
RG Flow of Magnetic Brane Correlators

The magnetic brane solution to five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons
theory provides a holographic description of the RG flow from four-dimensional
Yang-Mills theory in the presence of a constant magnetic field to a
two-dimensional low energy CFT. We compute two-point correlators involving the
U(1) current and the stress tensor, and use their leading IR behavior to
confirm the existence of a single chiral current algebra, and of left- and
right-moving Virasoro algebras in the low energy CFT. The common central charge
of the Virasoro algebras is found to match the Brown-Henneaux formula, while
the level of the current algebra is related to the Chern-Simons coupling. The
coordinate reparametrizations produced by the Virasoro algebras on the AdS_3
near-horizon geometry arise from physical non-pure gauge modes in the
asymptotic AdS_5 region, thereby providing a concrete example for the emergence
of IR symmetries. Finally, we interpret the infinite series of sub-leading IR
contributions to the correlators in terms of certain double-trace interactions
generated by the RG flow in the low energy CFT.Comment: 28 page
See-Saw Masses for Quarks and Leptons in SU(5)

We build on a recent paper by Grinstein, Redi and Villadoro, where a see-saw
like mechanism for quark masses was derived in the context of spontaneously
broken gauged flavour symmetries. The see-saw mechanism is induced by heavy
Dirac fermions which are added to the Standard Model spectrum in order to
render the flavour symmetries anomaly-free. In this letter we report on the
embedding of these fermions into multiplets of an SU(5) grand unified theory
and discuss a number of interesting consequences.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures (v3: outline restructured, modified mechanism to
  cancel anomalies
Skyrmions in a truncated BPS theory.

Recently, it has been shown that (4 + 1)-dimensional Yang-Mills theory may be written as a (3 + 1)-dimensional BPS Skyrme model, in which the Skyrme field is coupled toan infinite tower of vector mesons. Truncating this tower to a single vector meson yields an extension of the standard Skyrme model to a theory of pions coupled to the ρ meson, with the significant simplification that no additional free parameters are introduced. The present paper is concerned with this truncated theory and results are presented for Skyrmions with baryon numbers one to four. The approach involves the use of an extended version of the Atiyah-Manton construction, in which the Skyrme field is approximated by the holonomy of a Yang-Mills instanton. It is found that the coupling to the ρ meson significantly reduces Skyrmion binding energies, to produce an improved comparison with the experimental data on nuclei. A truncation that includes both a vector and an axial vector meson is also investigated, providing a model of pions, the ρ meson and the a1 meson. Binding energies are further reduced by the inclusion of this additional meson, shifting the Skyrmion energies a little closer to those of nuclei. Fixing the energy unit by equating the energy of the baryon number four Skyrmion to the He4 mass, yields masses for all lower baryon numbers that are within 20MeV of the experimental values, which is an error that is four times smaller than in the standard Skyrme model
Wall-crossing, open BPS counting and matrix models

We consider wall-crossing phenomena associated to the counting of D2-branes
attached to D4-branes wrapping lagrangian cycles in Calabi-Yau manifolds, both
from M-theory and matrix model perspective. Firstly, from M-theory viewpoint,
we review that open BPS generating functions in various chambers are given by a
restriction of the modulus square of the open topological string partition
functions. Secondly, we show that these BPS generating functions can be
identified with integrands of matrix models, which naturally arise in the free
fermion formulation of corresponding crystal models. A parameter specifying a
choice of an open BPS chamber has a natural, geometric interpretation in the
crystal model. These results extend previously known relations between open
topological string amplitudes and matrix models to include chamber dependence.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, published versio
Static supersymmetric black holes in AdS_4 with spherical symmetry

We elaborate further on the static supersymmetric AdS_4 black holes found in
arXiv:0911.4926, investigating thoroughly the BPS constraints for spherical
symmetry in N = 2 gauged supergravity in the presence of Fayet-Iliopoulos
terms. We find Killing spinors that preserve two of the original eight
supercharges and investigate the conditions for genuine black holes free of
naked singularities. The existence of a horizon is intimately related with the
requirement that the scalars are not constant, but given in terms of harmonic
functions in analogy to the attractor flow in ungauged supergravity. The black
hole charges depend on the choice of the electromagnetic gauging, with only
magnetic charges for purely electric gaugings. Finally we show how these black
holes can be embedded in N = 8 supergravity and thus in M-theory.Comment: 28 pages; v2 minor change
A Generalisation of the Nielsen-Olesen Vortex: Non-cylindrical strings
  in a modified Abelian-Higgs model

We modify the standard Abelian-Higgs model by introducing spatially-dependent
couplings for the scalar and vector fields. We investigate static,
non-cylindrically symmetric solutions of the resulting field equations and
propose a pinch solution which interpolates between degenerate vacua along the
string, labelled by $\pm |n|$. This configuration corresponds to a vortex which
shrinks to Planck scale before re-emerging as an anti-vortex, resulting in the
formation of a bead pair with one bead at either side of the intersection. The
solution is then topologically stable. A key assumption is that quantities such
as phase and winding number, along with those which depend on them like the
magnetic flux, become undefined at the Planck scale so that regions of opposite
winding may be joined via a Planck-sized segment of neutral string.
Similarities between this solution and the extra-dimensional windings of
strings in type IIB string theory are discussed and a correspondence between
field theory and string theory parameters is suggested. The spatial-dependence
of the field couplings is found to have a natural interpretation in the dual
string picture and results from the variation of the winding radius, giving
rise to a varying (effective) string coupling. An interesting result is an
estimate of the Higgs mass (at critical coupling) in terms of the parameters
which define the Klebanov-Strassler geometry and which, in principle, may be
constrained by cosmological observations.Comment: 35 pages, 2 figures, published versio
Measurement of the lepton charge asymmetry in inclusive W production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

31 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas.-- Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons\ud
Attribution Noncommercial License.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A measurement of the lepton charge asymmetry in inclusive pp - WX production\ud
at raiz de 8 = 7TeV is presented based on data recorded by the CMS detector at the\ud
LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. This high precision measurement\ud
of the lepton charge asymmetry, performed in both the W - eν and W - μν\ud
channels, provides new insights into parton distribution functions.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium);\ud
CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS,\ud
MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus);\ud
Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland);\ud
CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece);\ud
OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN\ud
(Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and\ud
UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia,\ud
Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia);\ud
MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei);\ud
TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer reviewe
Holographic quantum criticality from multi-trace deformations

We explore the consequences of multi-trace deformations in applications of
gauge-gravity duality to condensed matter physics. We find that they introduce
a powerful new "knob" that can implement spontaneous symmetry breaking, and can
be used to construct a new type of holographic superconductor. This knob can be
tuned to drive the critical temperature to zero, leading to a new quantum
critical point. We calculate nontrivial critical exponents, and show that
fluctuations of the order parameter are `locally' quantum critical in the
disordered phase. Most notably the dynamical critical exponent is determined by
the dimension of an operator at the critical point. We argue that the results
are robust against quantum corrections and discuss various generalizations.Comment: v2: minor edits and added reference
On-shell constructibility of tree amplitudes in general field theories

We study "on-shell constructibility" of tree amplitudes from recursion
relations in general 4-dimensional local field theories with any type of
particles, both massless and massive. Our analysis applies to renormalizable as
well as non-renormalizable interactions, with or without supersymmetry. We
focus on recursion relations that arise from complex deformations of all
external momenta. Under certain conditions, these "all-line shift recursion
relations" imply the MHV vertex expansion. We derive a simple sufficient
criterion for the validity of the all-line shift recursion relations. It
depends only on the mass dimensions of the coupling constants and on the sum of
helicities of the external particles. Our proof is strikingly simple since it
just relies on dimensional analysis and little-group transformation properties.
In particular, the results demonstrate that all tree amplitudes with n>4
external states are constructible in any power-counting renormalizable theory.
Aspects of all-line shift constructibility are illustrated in numerous
examples, ranging from pure scalar theory and the massless Wess-Zumino model to
theories with higher-derivative interactions, gluon-Higgs fusion, and Z-boson
scattering. We propose a sharp physical interpretation of our constructibility
criterion: the all-line shift fails precisely for those classes of n-point
amplitudes that can receive local contributions from independent
gauge-invariant n-field operators.Comment: 37 pages, 2 figure
Double parton interactions as a background to associated HW production
  at the Tevatron

In this paper we study events with W+jets final state, produced in double
parton (DP) interactions, as a background to the associated Higgs boson (H) and
W production, with H->bbar decay, at the Tevatron. We have found that the event
yield from the DP background can be quite sizable, which necessitates a choice
of selection criteria to separate the HW and DP production processes. We
suggest a set of variables sensitive to the kinematics of DP and HW events. We
show that these variables, being used as an input to the artificial neural
network, allow one to significantly improve a sensitivity to the Higgs boson
production.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Inclusive prompt photon production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC

Nuclear modification factors of inclusive prompt photon production in d-Au
collisions at RHIC and p-Pb collisions at the LHC are provided at different
rapidities. The calculations are performed at NLO accuracy using the EPS09 NLO
nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) and their error sets. The results
are compared to the ones obtained with the nDS and HKN07 NLO nPDFs, and to the
corresponding nuclear modification factors of neutral pion production in these
collisions. The sensitivity of these results to the scale choice is also
investigated. Interestingly, the predictions using the different nPDF sets
differ from each other to the extent that this observable can be expected to
become very useful for probing nPDFs over a wide range of Bjorken-x. In order
to obtain a perturbative QCD baseline in heavy-ion collisions, calculations are
carried out for minimum bias Au-Au collisions at RHIC and Pb-Pb collisions at
the LHC. We also estimate the maximal possible suppression which the produced
QCD matter can be expected to have on inclusive prompt photon production due to
the quenching of the fragmentation component. The nuclear modification factor
for prompt photon production is thus suggested to be used for gauging both the
cold and the hot nuclear matter effects on other hard processes which are
expected to be affected by quark-gluon plasma formation, such as large-pT
hadron and jet production.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures. References added, to appear in JHE
Multitrace deformations, Gamow states, and Stability of AdS/CFT

We analyze the effect of multitrace deformations in conformal field theories
at leading order in a large N approximation. These theories admit a description
in terms of a weakly coupled gravity dual. We show how the deformations can be
mapped into boundary terms of the gravity theory and how to reproduce the RG
equations found in field theory. In the case of doubletrace deformations, and
for bulk scalars with masses in the range $-d^2/4<m^2<-d^2/4+1$, the deformed
theory flows between two fixed points of the renormalization group, manifesting
a resonant behavior at the scale characterizing the transition between the two
CFT's. On the gravity side the resonance is mapped into an IR non-normalizable
mode (Gamow state) whose overlap with the UV region increases as the dual
operator approaches the free field limit. We argue that this resonant behavior
is a generic property of large N theories in the conformal window, and
associate it to a remnant of the Nambu-Goldstone mode of dilatation invariance.
We emphasize the role of nonminimal couplings to gravity and establish a
stability theorem for scalar/gravity systems with AdS boundary conditions in
the presence of arbitrary boundary potentials and nonminimal coupling.Comment: 14 pages, references added, introduction change
An Infinite-Dimensional Family of Black-Hole Microstate Geometries

We construct the first explicit, smooth, horizonless black-hole microstate
geometry whose moduli space is described by an arbitrary function of one
variable and is thus infinite-dimensional. This is achieved by constructing the
scalar Green function on a simple D6 anti-D6 background, and using this Green
function to obtain the fully back-reacted solution for a supertube with varying
charge density in this background. We show that this supertube can store
parametrically more entropy than in flat space, confirming the entropy
enhancement mechanism that was predicted using brane probes. We also show that
all the local properties of the fully back-reacted solution can, in fact, be
obtained using the DBI action of an appropriate brane probe. In particular, the
supergravity and the DBI analysis yield identical functional bubble equations
that govern the relative locations of the centers. This indicates that there is
a non-renormalization theorem that protects these functional equations as one
moves in moduli space. Our construction creates configurations that are beyond
the scope of recent arguments that appear to put strong limits on the entropy
that can be found in smooth supergravity solutions.Comment: 46 pages, 1 figure, LaTe
Towards Matter Inflation in Heterotic String Theory

Recently, a class of inflation models in supergravity with gauge non-singlet matter fields as the inflation has been proposed. It is based on a ‘tribrid’ structure in the superpotential and on a ‘Heisenberg symmetry’ for solving the η-problem. We suggest that a generalization of this model class may be suitable for realising inflation in heterotic orbifold compactifications, where the Heisenberg symmetry is a property of the tree-level Kähler potential of untwisted matter fields. We discuss moduli stabilization in this setup and propose a mechanism to stabilize the modulus associated to the inflation, which respects the symmetry in the large radius limit. Inflation ends via a `waterfall' phase transition, as in hybrid inflation. We give conditions which have to be satisfied for realising inflation along these lines in the matter sector of heterotic orbifolds
Parameter spaces of massive IIA solutions

We find a new class of N=2 massive IIA solutions whose internal spaces are
S^2 fibrations over S^2 x S^2. These solutions appear naturally as massive
deformations of the type IIA reduction of Sasaki-Einstein manifolds in
M-theory, including Q^{1,1,1} and Y^{p,k}, and play a role in the AdS4/CFT3
correspondence. We use this example to initiate a systematic study of the
parameter space of massive solutions with fluxes. We define and study the
natural parameter space of the solutions, which is a certain dense subset of
R^3, whose boundaries correspond to orbifold or conifold singularities. On a
codimension-one subset of the parameter space, where the Romans mass vanishes,
it is possible to perform a lift to M-theory; extending earlier work, we
produce a family A^{p,q,r} of Sasaki-Einstein manifolds with cohomogeneity one
and SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1) isometry. We also propose a Chern-Simons theory
describing the duals of the massless and massive solutions.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures; comments and references adde
N=8 Supergravity with Local Scaling Symmetry

We construct maximal supergravity in four dimensions with local scaling
symmetry as deformation of the original Cremmer-Julia theory. The different
theories which include the standard gaugings are parametrized by an embedding
tensor carrying 56+912 parameters. We determine the form of the possible gauge
groups and work out the complete set of field equations. As a result we obtain
the most general couplings compatible with N=8 supersymmetry in four
dimensions. A particular feature of these theories is the absence of an action
and an additional positive contribution to the effective cosmological constant.
Moreover, these gaugings are generically dyonic, i.e. involve simultaneously
electric and magnetic vector fields.Comment: 39 page