pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma: solution to a problematic relationship

AbstractOne of the causal agents of human sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, is the type species of the genus Sporothrix. During the course of the last century the asexual morphs of many Ophiostoma spp. have also been treated in Sporothrix. More recently several DNA-based studies have suggested that species of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma converge in what has become known as Ophiostoma s. lat. Were the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code to be applied to Ophiostoma s. lat., Sporothrix would have priority over Ophiostoma, resulting in more than 100 new combinations. The consequence would be name changes for several economically important tree pathogens including O. novo-ulmi. Alternatively, Ophiostoma could be conserved against Sporothrix, but this would necessitate changing the names of the important human pathogens in the group. In this study, we sought to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between Ophiostoma and Sporothrix. DNA sequences were determined for the ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes in 65 isolates. The results revealed Sporothrix as a well-supported monophyletic lineage including 51 taxa, distinct from Ophiostoma s. str. To facilitate future studies exploring species level resolution within Sporothrix, we defined six species complexes in the genus. These include the Pathogenic Clade containing the four human pathogens, together with the S. pallida-, S. candida-, S. inflata-, S. gossypina- and S. stenoceras complexes, which include environmental species mostly from soil, hardwoods and Protea infructescences. The description of Sporothrix is emended to include sexual morphs, and 26 new combinations. Two new names are also provided for species previously treated as Ophiostoma
Experiences of Participants in a Self-Management Program for Employees with Complaints of the Arm, Neck or Shoulder (CANS): A Mixed Methods Study

Contains fulltext :
                  170012.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Purpose To investigate the experiences of participants of a self-management program for employees with complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS). The program consisted of six group sessions combined with an eHealth module. Methods Semi-structured interviews with the first 31 consecutive participants of the intervention group participating in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were interviewed after their last group session. Semi-structured interviews were guided by an interview guide and audio-recorded. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the emerging themes were discussed. All participants in the intervention group were asked about their experiences with a questionnaire at three (n = 58) and 12-months (n = 53) follow-up. Results Most participants appreciated the diversity of the program and benefited from the interaction with their peers. The eHealth module, although not used by everyone, was generally experienced as positive, especially the section with the physical exercises. Participants obtained more insight into their complaints and increased awareness, which contributed to the acceptance of and coping with the complaints. There was also criticism about the content of the program and the lack of a follow-up session. Results of the questionnaires showed that participants had a high level of satisfaction. Conclusions In general, the intervention fitted the needs of employees with CANS. Participants obtained more knowledge and insight into their complaints, as well as increased awareness; all this contributed to a behavioral change and improved coping. Many participants made changes at work and during their leisure time, whereas some felt that continuing their 'changed' behavior would be a challenge
Reopening the Higgs portal for single scalar dark matter.

A real singlet scalar, connected to the Standard Model sector through a portal with the Higgs boson, is one of the simplest and most popular models for dark matter (DM). However, the experimental advances in direct and indirect DM searches, together with the latest results from the LHC, have ruled out vast areas of the parameter space of this scenario; and are expected to probe it completely within the next years, ruling it out if no signal is found. Motivated by the simplicity of this model, in this article we address a minimal, renormalizable extension that could evade detection, consisting of the addition of an extra real singlet scalar field in the dark sector. We analyze the physical constraints on the model and show that the new annihilation and/or coannihilation channels involving the extra singlet allow to reproduce the correct DM relic abundance while avoiding the bounds from direct and indirect searches for any DM mass above 50 GeV. We also show that, in some interesting regions of the parameter space, the extra particle can be integrated-out, leaving a “clever” effective theory (just involving the DM particle and the Higgs), that essentially reproduces the results
The effect of time-varying flow-shear on the nonlinear stability of the
  boundary of magnetized toroidal plasmas

We propose a phenomenological yet very general model in a form of generalized
complex Ginzburg-Landau equation to understand the dynamics of the
quasi-periodic fluid instabilities (called edge-localized modes) in the
boundary of toroidal magnetized high-temperature plasmas. The model reproduces
key dynamical features of the boundary instabilities observed in the
high-confinement state plasmas on the KSTAR tokamak, including quasi-steady
states characterized by field-aligned filamentary eigenmodes, transitions
between different eigenmodes, and rapid transition to non-modal filamentary
structure prior to the relaxation. It is found that the inclusion of
time-varying perpendicular sheared flow is crucial for reproducing the observed
dynamical features
The five-loop Beta function for a general gauge group and anomalous
  dimensions beyond Feynman gauge

We focus on a non-abelian gauge field coupled to a single (but general)
representation of a family of Nf fermions. By using the same machinery that had
allowed us to evaluate the sub-leading large-Nf term of the five-loop Beta
function earlier, we here report on a confirmation of the all-Nf result that
has in the meantime been published by another group. Furthermore, in order to
push forward the 5-loop renormalization program regarding gauge parameter
dependence, we present the linear terms of the complete set of anomalous
dimensions, in an expansion in the covariant gauge parameter around the Feynman
gauge.Comment: 17 pages, 2 ancillary files files available with the source. v2:
  journal version, reference adde
COMPLEX VARIABILITY OF THE Hα EMISSION LINE PROFILE OF THE T TAURI BINARY SYSTEM KH 15D: THE INFLUENCE OF ORBITAL PHASE, OCCULTATION BY THE CIRCUMBINARY DISK, AND ACCRETION PHENOMENA

We have obtained 48 high-resolution echelle spectra of the pre-main-sequence eclipsing binary system KH 15D
(V582 Mon, P = 48.37 days, e ∼ 0.6, MA = 0.6M , MB = 0.7M ). The eclipses are caused by a circumbinary
disk (CBD) seen nearly edge on, which at the epoch of these observations completely obscured the orbit of star
B and a large portion of the orbit of star A. The spectra were obtained over five contiguous observing seasons
from 2001/2002 to 2005/2006 while star A was fully visible, fully occulted, and during several ingress and egress
events. The Hα line profile shows dramatic changes in these time series data over timescales ranging from days to
years. A fraction of the variations are due to “edge effects” and depend only on the height of star A above or below
the razor sharp edge of the occulting disk. Other observed variations depend on the orbital phase: the Hα emission
line profile changes from an inverse P-Cygni-type profile during ingress to an enhanced double-peaked profile, with
both a blue and a red emission component, during egress. Each of these interpreted variations are complicated by
the fact that there is also a chaotic, irregular component present in these profiles. We find that the complex data set
can be largely understood in the context of accretion onto the stars from a CBD with gas flows as predicted by the
models of eccentric T Tauri binaries put forward by Artymowicz & Lubow, G¨unther & Kley, and de Val-Borro et al.
In particular, our data provide strong support for the pulsed accretion phenomenon, in which enhanced accretion
occurs during and after perihelion passage
A Simple Accounting Framework for the Effect of Resource Misallocation on Aggregate Productivity

This paper develops a simple accounting framework that measures the effect of resource misallocation on aggregate productivity. This framework is based on a multi-sector general equilibrium model with sector-specific frictions in the form of taxes on sectoral factor inputs. Our framework
is flexible for the assumption on preferences or aggregate production functions. Moreover, this framework is consistent with that commonly used in productivity analysis.
I apply this framework to measure to what extent resource misallocation explains the differences in aggregate productivity across developed countries. I find that resource misallocation explains, on average, about 25% of the differences in the measured aggregate productivity among developed countries. I also provide methods to decompose the causes of the misallocation effect.
Public investment, distortionary taxes and monetary policy transparency

In a two-period model with distortionay tax and public investment, we reexamine the interaction between monetary policy transparency and fiscal bias. We find that the optimal decisions of tax and public investment allow eliminating the effects of fiscal bias and hence neutralizing the impact of monetary policy opacity (lack of political transparency) on the level and variability of inflation and output, independently of institutional quality. Our results are robust under alternative game structures between the private sector, the government and the central bank.
The effect of national culture on countries’ innovation efficiency

This paper contributes to the link between social and cultural factors with countries innovation performance. By measuring 25 countries’ innovation efficiency with the use of conditional and unconditional DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) frontiers the paper provides empirical evidence of the effect of culture on countries’ innovation efficiency. Particularly, conditional and unconditional full frontier models are used alongside with bootstrap techniques in order to determine the effect of national culture on countries’ innovation performance. The study illustrates how the recent developments in efficiency analysis and statistical inference can be applied when evaluating such issues. The results reveal that national culture has an impact on countries’ innovation efficiency. Analytically, the results indicate that higher PDI (power distance index), IDV (individualism) and UAI (uncertainty avoidance) values have a negative effect on countries innovation efficiency, whereas masculinity values appear to have a positive effect on countries innovation performance.
Role of High total protein in gallbladder bile in the formation of cholesterol gallstones.

While it is generally accepted that cholesterol supersaturation of bile is of key importance in the rapid formation of cholesterol crystals, the role of total biliary protein and pH in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones is less well understood. The relation of cholesterol saturation, total protein, and pH was studied in 73 gallbladder bile samples with and 35 gallbladder bile samples without cholesterol crystals. In samples containing crystals, a trend to higher values of cholesterol and to a higher cholesterol saturation index was observed. However, significantly (P = 0.02) higher concentrations of total protein were found in samples with crystals [0.80 +/- 0.40 g/dL (8.0 +/- 4.0 g/L)] than in samples without crystals [0.63 +/- 0.26 g/dL (6.3 +/- 2.6 g/L)]. Moreover, of 22 bile samples with total protein concentrations greater than 10.0 g/L, cholesterol crystals were detected in all but 2. Total lipids, bile acids, phospholipids, and pH values were not significantly different in the two groups of bile samples. It was concluded that high biliary protein concentrations are frequently associated with cholesterol crystals and may, therefore, be a possible risk factor in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones.
A search for t(t) over-bar resonances in lepton plus jets events with highly boosted top quarks collected in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Atlas Collaboration contributor: Paul Douglas Jackson of SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA, United States of America.A search for resonant production of high-mass top-quark pairs is performed on 2.05 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV collected in 2011 with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis of the lepton+jets final state is specifically designed for the particular topology that arises from the decay of highly boosted top quarks. The observed t(t) over-bar invariant mass spectrum is found to be compatible with the Standard Model prediction and 95% credibility level upper limits are derived on the t(t) over-bar production rate through new massive states. An upper limit of 0.7 pb is set on the production cross section times branching fraction of a narrow 1 TeV resonance. A Kaluza-Klein gluon with a mass smaller than 1.5 TeV is excluded.The ATLAS Collaboratio
Leukemia and chromosomal instability in aged Fancc-/- mice

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder of genomic instability associated with high risk of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Young mice deficient in FA core complex genes do not naturally develop cancer, hampering preclinical studies on malignant hematopoiesis in FA. Here we describe that aging Fancc(-/-) mice are prone to genomically unstable AML and other hematologic neoplasms. We report that aneuploidy precedes malignant transformation during Fancc(-/-) hematopoiesis. Our observations reveal that Fancc(-/-) mice develop hematopoietic chromosomal instability followed by leukemia in an age-dependent manner, recapitulating the clinical phenotype of human FA and providing a proof of concept for future development of preclinical models of FA-associated leukemogenesis
Shared decision-making on a ‘life-and-care plan’\ud
in long-term care facilities: research protocol

Aim\ud
To determine whether the number of residents’ preferences and needs together\ud
with the actions taken to satisfy them recorded into their ‘life-and-care plans’\ud
will increase and the process of shared decision-making will improve the\ud
residents’ psychosocial well-being.\ud
Background\ud
Shared decision-making is defined as a process where healthcare professionals\ud
and patients make decisions together, using the best available evidence.The aims\ud
of the present study were to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an SDM\ud
framework for care planning in long-term care facilities and its potential effectiveness\ud
on the proportion of dementia residents whose own preferences and\ud
needs and the related actions, are known, satisfied and documented in their\ud
‘life-and-care plans’.\ud
Design\ud
The current project is a feasibility trial and it was approved in November 2013.\ud
Methods\ud
Research subjects are triads composed of the resident with dementia, a family\ud
caregiver and the professional usually taking care for the resident. Professional\ud
caregivers of two nursing homes, one located in Italy and one in the\ud
Netherlands, will receive a specific training in SDM principles and will guide\ud
the SDM interview in the triad. The primary outcome will be the proportion\ud
of residents whose preferences and needs, together with the related\ud
actions to meet them, are known, documented and satisfied in their ‘lifeand-\ud
care plans’.\ud
Trial registration\ud
NCT02118701
Search for high-mass Zγ resonances in $e^+e^−γ$ and $μ^+μ^−γ$ final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 and 13 TeV

This paper describes the search for a high-mass narrow-width scalar particle decaying into a Z boson and a photon. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at center-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 2.7 $fb^{−1}$, respectively. The Z bosons are reconstructed from opposite-sign electron or muon pairs. No statistically significant deviation from the standard model predictions has been found in the 200-2000 GeV mass range. Upper limits at 95% confidence level have been derived on the product of the scalar particle production cross section and the branching fraction of the Z decaying into electrons or muons, which range from 280 to 20 fb for resonance masses between 200 and 2000 GeV
Lithic technology and social transformations in the South Indian Neolithic: The evidence from Sanganakallu-Kupgal

Here we examine patterns in stone tool technology among Mesolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age localities in the Sanganakallu–Kupgal site complex, Bellary District, Karnataka, South India. Statistical tests are used to compare proportions of raw materials and artefact types, and to compare central tendencies in metric variables taken on flakes and tools. Lithic-related findings support the inference of at least two distinct technological and economic groups at Sanganakallu–Kupgal, a microlith-focused foraging society on the one hand, and on the other, an agricultural society whose lithic technologies centred upon the production of pressure bladelets and dolerite edge-ground axes. Evidence for continuity in lithic technological processes through time may reflect indigenous processes of development, and a degree of continuity from the Mesolithic through to the Neolithic period. Lithic production appears to have become a specialised and spatially segregated activity by the terminal Neolithic and early Iron Age, supporting suggestions for the emergence of an increasingly complex economy and political hierarchy.Full Tex
Relative entanglement entropies in 1 + 1-dimensional conformal field theories

We study the relative entanglement entropies of one interval between excited states of a 1+1 dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). To compute the relative entropy S(ρ1‖ρ0) between two given reduced density matrices ρ1 and ρ0 of a quantum field theory, we employ the replica trick which relies on the path integral representation of Tr(ρ1ρn−10) and define a set of R\'enyi relative entropies Sn(ρ1‖ρ0). We compute these quantities for integer values of the parameter n and derive via the replica limit, the relative entropy between excited states generated by primary fields of a free massless bosonic field. In particular, we provide the relative entanglement entropy of the state described by the primary operator i∂ϕ, both with respect to the ground state and to the state generated by chiral vertex operators. These predictions are tested against exact numerical calculations in the XX spin-chain finding perfect agreement. © 2017, The Author(s)
Multi-criteria decision making as a tool for sustainable product development : Benefits and obstacles

For developing sustainable products design engineers need to foresee diverse interrelations between a product's characteristics and its economic, social and environmental impacts. In order to support this complex task a wide range of design methods has been developed. Retrospective analytical methods like Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) require a large amount of information and are thus utilized when important design decisions are already made. Prospective methods are rather generic (e.g. checklists) and too broad to be helpful in concrete design decisions. In this paper, the integration of discrete decision trees with LCSA is proposed for shifting multi-criterial quantitative analysis to earlier development. On the basis of sustainability indicators Pareto-optimal decision-paths for given material- and process alternatives along the product lifecycle can be compared up-front. Resulting benefits and obstacles are illustrated by evaluating value creation options of a bicycle frame
Competition among auctioneers in large markets.

We analyse a multistage game of competition among auctioneers. First, the auctioneers commit to some reserve prices; second, the bidders enter one auction, if any; and finally, the auctions take place. We show that for any finite set of feasible reserve prices, each auctioneer announces a reserve price equal to his production cost if the numbers of auctioneers and bidders are sufficiently large, though finite. Our result supports the idea that optimal auctions may be quite simple. Our model also confirms previous results for some “limit” versions of the model by McAfee (Econometrica 61 (1993) 1281–1312), Peters (Rev. Econ. Stud. 64 (1997) 97–123), and Peters and Severinov (J. Econ. Theory 75 (1997) 141–179)
Microscopy as a statistical, Rényi-Ulam, half-lie game: a new heuristic search strategy to accelerate imaging

Finding a fluorescent target in a biological environment is a common and pressing microscopy problem. This task is formally analogous to the canonical search problem. In ideal (noise-free, truthful) search problems, the well-known binary search is optimal. The case of half-lies, where one of two responses to a search query may be deceptive, introduces a richer, R&eacute;nyi-Ulam problem and is particularly relevant to practical microscopy. We analyse microscopy in the contexts of R&eacute;nyi-Ulam games and half-lies, developing a new family of heuristics. We show the cost of insisting on verification by positive result in search algorithms; for the zero-half-lie case bisectioning with verification incurs a 50% penalty in the average number of queries required. The optimal partitioning of search spaces directly following verification in the presence of random half-lies is determined. Trisectioning with verification is shown to be the most efficient heuristic of the family in a majority of cases
The Odd story of α′-corrections

The α′-deformed frame-like Double Field Theory (DFT) is a T-duality and gauge invariant extension of DFT in which generalized Green-Schwarz transformations provide a gauge principle that fixes the higher-derivative corrections. It includes all the first order α′-corrections of the bosonic and heterotic string low energy effective actions and of the Hohm-Siegel-Zwiebach α′-geometry. Here we gauge this theory and parameterize it in terms of a frame, a two-form, a dilaton, gauge vectors and scalar fields. This leads to a unified framework that extends the previous construction by including all duality constrained interactions in generic (gauged/super)gravity effective field theories in arbitrary number of dimensions, to first order in α′