pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of a macroscopic finite pulse model of the diffusion MRI signal

International audienceDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an imaging modality that probes the diffusion characteristics of a sample via the application of magnetic field gradient pulses. The dMRI signal from a heterogeneous sample includes the contribution of the water proton magnetization from all spatial positions in a voxel.If the voxel can be spatially divided into different Gaussian diffusion compartmentswith inter-compartment exchange governed by linear kinetics, thenthe dMRI signal can be approximated using the macroscopic Karger model,which is a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs),  under the assumption that the duration of the diffusion-encoding gradient pulses is shortcompared to the diffusion time (the narrow pulse assumption). \soutnew{Recently, a new macroscopic ODE model of the dMRI signal, the Finite Pulse ODE (FP-ODE) model,was derived from the Bloch-Torrey partial differential equation (PDE), without the narrow pulse restriction, using periodic homogenization techniques.}{Recently, a new macroscopic model of the dMRI signal,without the narrow pulse restriction, was derived from the Bloch-Torrey partial differential equation (PDE)using periodic homogenization techniques.} \soutnew{When restricted to narrowpulses, the FP-ODE model has the same form as the Karger model.}{When restricted to narrowpulses, this new homogenized model has the same form as the Karger model.} We conduct a numerical study of the \soutnew{FP-ODE}{new homogenized} model for voxels that are made up of periodic copies of a representativevolume that contains spherical and cylindrical cells of various sizes and orientationsand show that the signal predicted by the \soutnew{FP-ODE}{new} model approaches the reference signalobtained by solving the full Bloch-Torrey PDEin $O(\veps^2)$, where $\veps$ is the ratio between the size of the representativevolume and \soutnew{the diffusion displacement}{a measure of the diffusion length}.When the narrow gradient pulse assumption is not satisfied, the \soutnew{FP-ODE}{new homogenized} model offers a much better approximation of the full PDE signal than the Karger model.Finally, preliminary results of applying the \soutnew{FP-ODE}{new} model to a voxel that is not made up of periodic copies of a representativevolume are shown and discussed
A 1-year long delta O-18 record of water vapor in Niamey (Niger) reveals insightful atmospheric processes at different timescales

International audienceWe present a 1-year long representative delta O-18 record of water vapor (delta O-18(v)) in Niamey (Niger) using the Wavelength Scanned-Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS). We explore how local and regional atmospheric processes influence delta O-18(v) variability from seasonal to diurnal scale. At seasonal scale, delta O-18(v) exhibits a W-shape, associated with the increase of regional convective activity during the monsoon and the intensification of large scale subsidence North of Niamey during the dry season. During the monsoon season, delta O-18(v) records a broad range of intra-seasonal modes in the 25-40-day and 15-25-day bands that could be related to the well-known modes of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Strong delta O-18(v) modulations are also seen at the synoptic scale (5-9 days) during winter, driven by tropical-extra-tropical teleconnections through the propagation of a baroclinic wave train-like structure and intrusion of air originating from higher altitude and latitude. delta O-18(v) also reveals a significant diurnal cycle, which reflects mixing process between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere during the dry season, and records the propagation of density currents associated with meso-scale convective systems during the monsoon season. Citation: Tremoy, G., F. Vimeux, S. Mayaki, I. Souley, O. Cattani, C. Risi, G. Favreau, and M. Oi (2012), A 1-year long delta O-18 record of water vapor in Niamey (Niger) reveals insightful atmospheric processes at different timescales, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08805, doi:10.1029/2012GL051298
MaterialVis: Material visualization tool using direct volume and surface rendering techniques

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Visualization of the materials is an indispensable part of their structural analysis. We developed a visualization tool for amorphous as well as crystalline structures, called Material Vis. Unlike the existing tools, Material Vis represents material structures as a volume and a surface manifold, in addition to plain atomic coordinates. Both amorphous and crystalline structures exhibit topological features as well as various defects. Material Vis provides a wide range of functionality to visualize such topological structures and crystal defects interactively. Direct volume rendering techniques are used to visualize the volumetric features of materials, such as crystal defects, which are responsible for the distinct fingerprints of a specific sample. In addition, the tool provides surface visualization to extract hidden topological features within the material. Together with the rich set of parameters and options to control the visualization, Material Vis allows users to visualize various aspects of materials very efficiently as generated by modern analytical techniques such as the Atom Probe Tomography. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Magnetic and shape fabrics of magnetite in simple shear flows

International audienceThe magnetite fabrics measured by anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and by shape preferred orientation (SPO) optical methods are classically used as flow kinematics indicators in lava flows. The development of magnetite fabrics during simple shear strains γ ≤ 20 was performed using a suspension of 1% volume fraction of multidomain magnetite randomly contained in a mixture of silicone and wax. We measured AMS fabric and SPO ellipsoids by calculating a quadratic shape tensor from oriented thin-sections. For γ < 8, fabrics obey to the theoretical model of rotation of Jeffery (1922). Fabrics are usable to determine the flow kinematics, including the amount of applied finite strain. For γ > 8, fabric elements, foliation and lineation, are stabilised closely parallel to the flow plane and the shear direction, respectively. Two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations using measured aspect ratios of magnetite point out that the large scattering of aspect ratios and the initial orientation distribution of particles are together responsible for a wide-ranging loss of periodicity. The stable AMS and SPO fabrics observed at large strains in experiments are the result of these primary fabric properties combined to collisions between particles and, possibly, their complex three-dimensional shapes. In addition, the constant angular relationship observed at large strains between fabrics and flow components is related to the transient collisions. Consequently, the determination of the lava flow kinematics by using fabric properties measured either by AMS or by SPO analyses should be indubitably associated to a detailed study of the three-dimensional shape of the solid carriers. Regularly shaped populations of low elongated particles will be capable to produce cyclic to oscillating fabrics, while the fabric of elongated particles will be more sensitive to the shape parameters and collisions, ultimately favouring stable fabrics at large strains
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Chiral Bridged Polycyclic Compounds on Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak OT(+)

The HPLC enantiomeric separation of 29 racemic bridged polycyclic compounds was examined on commercially available Chiralcel OD-H and Chiralpak OT( 1) columns. The separations were evaluated under normal-phase mode (hexane
containing mobile phase) for Chiralcel OD-H and under normal-phase as well as under reversed-phase mode (pure MeOH, temperature 58C) for Chiralpak OT(1). Almost all
compounds were resolved either on Chiralcel OD-H or on Chiralpak OT( 1), in some cases on both. The use of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), as modifier of the hexanic mobile
phase, had a beneficial effect on the enantioseparation of some polar and acidic com-pounds on Chiralcel OD-H. The influence of small chemical structural modifications of the analytes on the enantioseparation behavior is discussed. A structure–retention rela-tionship has been observed on both stationary phases. This chromatographic evaluation may provide some information about the chiral recognition mechanism: in the case of
Chiralcel OD-H, hydrogen bonding, p -p and distereoselective repulsive are supposed to be the major analyte-CSP interactions. In the case of Chiralpak OT( 1), a reversed-phase enantioseparation could take place through hydrophobic interactions between the aro-matic moiety of the analytes and the chiral propeller structure of the CSP. The synthesis of some unknown racemic bromobenzobicyclo[2.2.1] analytes is also described
The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT)

High-time-resolution X-ray observations of compact objects provide direct access to strong-field gravity, to the equation of state of ultradense matter and to black hole masses and spins. A 10 m2-class instrument in combination with good spectral resolution is required to exploit the relevant diagnostics and answer two of the fundamental questions of the European Space Agency (ESA) Cosmic Vision Theme "Matter under extreme conditions", namely: does matter orbiting close to the event horizon follow the predictions of general relativity? What is the equation of state of matter in neutron stars? The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT), selected by ESA as one of the four Cosmic Vision M3 candidate missions to undergo an assessment phase, will revolutionise the study of collapsed objects in our galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Thanks to an innovative design and the development of large-area monolithic silicon drift detectors, the Large Area Detector (LAD) on board LOFT will achieve an effective area of ~12 m2 (more than an order of magnitude larger than any spaceborne predecessor) in the 2-30 keV range (up to 50 keV in expanded mode), yet still fits a conventional platform and small/medium-class launcher. With this large area and a spectral resolution of <260 eV, LOFT will yield unprecedented information on strongly curved spacetimes and matter under extreme conditions of pressure and magnetic field strength
Extrapolation from Animal Model of Depressive Disorders: What’s Lost in Translation?

International audienceAnimal models of depression are problematic and results drawn from them is moderately convincing. The main problem, it is often argued, is that it is impossible to model a mental disorder, i.e. specifically human, in animals like rodents: it is a matter of resemblance of symptoms. Yet in this field it is generally assumed that animal models of depression are more or less ‘valid’ according to three criteria: predictive, construct, and face validity, with only the latter concerned with the resemblance of symptoms. It is argued here that the problem is actually not with resemblance to the clinical features or to the factors of depression: it is not their being mental parameters. It lies, rather, in the fuzziness of the definition of a human entity and in the difficulty of linking together supposedly involved biological mechanisms into a consistent picture of the underlying process of the disease. It is therefore not that we cannot model what we know to be depression, it is rather that we do not know what to model
Two- and three-dimensional shape fabric analysis by the intercept method in grey levels

International audienceThe count intercept is a robust method for the numerical analysis of fabrics Launeau and Robin (1996). It counts the number of intersections between a set of parallel scan lines and a mineral phase, which must be identified on a digital image. However, the method is only sensitive to boundaries and therefore supposes the user has some knowledge about their significance. The aim of this paper is to show that a proper grey level detection of boundaries along scan lines is sufficient to calculate the two-dimensional anisotropy of grain or crystal distributions without any particular image processing. Populations of grains and crystals usually display elliptical anisotropies in rocks. When confirmed by the intercept analysis, a combination of a minimum of 3 mean length intercept roses, taken on 3 more or less perpendicular sections, allows the calculation of 3-dimensional ellipsoids and the determination of their standard deviation with direction and intensity in 3 dimensions as well. The feasibility of this quick method is attested by numerous examples on theoretical objects deformed by active and passive deformation, on BSE images of synthetic magma flow, on drawing or direct analysis of thin section pictures of sandstones and on digital images of granites directly taken and measured in the field
Single-layered Complex-Valued Neural Network for Real-Valued Classification Problems

This paper presents two models of complex-valued neurons (CVNs) for real-valued
	classification problems, incorporating two newly-proposed activation functions, and presents
	their abilities as well as differences between them on benchmark problems. In both models,
	each real-valued input is encoded into a phase between 0 and π of a complex number of unity magnitude, and multiplied by a complex-valued weight. The weighted sum of inputs is fed to an activation function. Activation functions of both models map complex values into real values, and their role is to divide the net-input (weighted sum) space into multiple regions representing the classes of input patterns. The gradient-based learning rule is derived for each
	of the activation functions. Ability of such CVNs are discussed and tested with two-class
	problems, such as two and three input Boolean problems, and symmetry detection in binary sequences. We exhibit here that both the models can form proper boundaries for these linear and nonlinear problems. For solving n-class problems, a complex-valued neural network (CVNN) consisting of n CVNs is also considered in this paper. We tested such single-layered CVNNs on several real world benchmark problems. The results show that the classification and generalization abilities of single-layered CVNNs are comparable to the conventional real-valued neural networks (RVNNs) having one hidden layer. Moreover, convergence of CVNNs is much faster than that of RVNNs in most of the cases
Sea Based Container Culture (SBCC) hydrodynamic design assessment for European lobsters (Homarus gammarus)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.The presented work describes the hydrodynamic assessment studies of a much needed technical innovation of Sea Based Container Culture (SBCC) as part of a semi intensive, passive aquaculture culture system for farming the European lobster (Homarus gammarus). Factors that are known to influence growth and survival rates were obtained from previous literature, including flow rate, wave energy and motion characteristics; these factors defined performance criteria for SBCC containers. The internal flow velocities and external flow patterns for different SBCC container designs were measured and used to inform design decisions. Suitable graphical representations have been developed to assess SBCC containers on specific performance criteria. Oyster SBCC containers were found to provide stable motion characteristics but perform poorly against the lower velocity limit, indicating insufficient supply of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) to allow for optimal growth of European lobsters. Internal flow velocities were also measured on un-fouled and fouled SBCC containers; results showed SBCC 2 would not provide enough DO with 66% biofouling coverage (66% biofouling replicates one year deployment) and triggered a redesign. SBCC 1 at 90° yaw angle of attack demonstrated all round good performance against upper and lower velocity limits and motion characteristics; thus showed greatest promise for cultivation of European Lobster.The research was gratefully supported and funded by BBSRC (BB/M005208/1) and Innovate UK (131597) through the Agri-Tech Catalyst, Early Stage Awards. The project consortium consisted of the National Lobster Hatchery, University of Exeter, Falmouth University, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, West Country Mussels of Fowey and Fusion Marine. Follow on work will also be supported by BBSRC and Innovate UK through the Industrial Stage of Agri-Tech catalyst and supported by funding from the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
Positional voting rules generated by aggregation functions and the role of duplication

Producción CientíficaIn this paper, we consider a typical voting situation where a group of agents show their preferences over a set of alternatives. Under our approach, such preferences are codied into individual positional values which can be aggregated in several ways through particular functions, yielding positional voting rules and providing a social result in each case. We show that scoring rules belong to such class of positional voting rules. But if we focus our interest on OWA operators as aggregation functions, other well-known voting systems naturally appear. In particular, we determine those ones verifying duplication (i.e., clone irrelevance) and present a proposal of an overall social result provided by them.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (ECO2012-32178)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA066U13
Unsupervised Methods for Anomalies Detection through Intelligent Monitoring Systems

The success of intelligent diagnosis systems normally depends on the knowledge about the failures present on monitored systems. This knowledge can be modelled in several ways, such as by means of rules or probabilistic models. These models are validated by checking the system output fit to the input in a supervised way. However, when there is no such knowledge or when it is hard to obtain a model of it, it is alternatively possible to use an unsupervised method to detect anomalies and failures. Different unsupervised methods (HCL, K-Means, SOM) have been used in present work to identify abnormal behaviours on the system being monitored. This approach has been tested into a real-world monitored system related to the railway domain, and the results show how it is possible to successfully identify new abnormal system behaviours beyond those previously modelled well-known problems
SHISA6 Confers Resistance to Differentiation-Promoting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mouse Spermatogenic Stem Cells

In the seminiferous tubules of mouse testes, a population of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 (GFRα1)-positive spermatogonia harbors the stem cell functionality and supports continual spermatogenesis, likely independent of asymmetric division or definitive niche control. Here, we show that activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes spermatogonial differentiation and reduces the GFRα1+ cell pool. We further discovered that SHISA6 is a cell-autonomous Wnt inhibitor that is expressed in a restricted subset of GFRα1+ cells and confers resistance to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Shisa6+ cells appear to show stem cell-related characteristics, conjectured from the morphology and long-term fates of T (Brachyury)+ cells that are found largely overlapped with Shisa6+ cells. This study proposes a generic mechanism of stem cell regulation in a facultative (or open) niche environment, with which different levels of a cell-autonomous inhibitor (SHISA6, in this case) generates heterogeneous resistance to widely distributed differentiation-promoting extracellular signaling, such as WNTs
Cellular bases for human atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes substantial morbidity and mortality. It may be triggered and sustained by either reentrant or nonreentrant electrical activity. Human atrial cellular refractory period is shortened in chronic AF, likely aiding reentry. The ionic and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood and may include increased inward rectifier K+ current and altered Ca2+ handling. Heart failure, a major cause of AF, may involve arrhythmogenic atrial electrical remodeling, but the pattern is unclear in humans. Beta-blocker therapy prolongs atrial cell refractory period; a potentially antiarrhythmic influence, but the ionic and molecular mechanisms are unclear. The search for drugs to suppress AF without causing ventricular arrhythmias has been aided by basic studies of cellular mechanisms of AF. It remains to be seen whether such drugs will improve patient treatment
Dynamic adaptive service architecture – Towards coordinated service composition

With software services becoming a strategic capability for\ud
the software sector, software architecture needs to address integration problems to help services to collaborate and coordinate their activities. The increasing need to address dynamic and automated changes can be answered by a service coordination architecture with event-based collaboration\ud
that enables dynamic and adaptive architectures. Intelligent\ud
service and process identification and adaptation techniques are suitable solutions for event-driven and on-demand service architectures. We define an architectural solution space and identify research challenges
New metrics for meaningful evaluation of informally structured speech retrieval

Search effectiveness for tasks where the retrieval units are\ud
clearly defined documents is generally evaluated using standard measures such as mean average precision (MAP). However, many practical speech search tasks focus on content within large spoken files lacking defined structure. These data must be segmented into smaller units for search which may only partially overlap with relevant material. We introduce two new metrics for the evaluation of search effectiveness for informally structured speech data: mean average segment precision (MASP) which measures retrieval performance in terms of both content segmentation and ranking with respect to relevance; and mean average segment distance-weighted precision (MASDWP) which takes into account the distance between the start of the relevant segment and the retrieved segment. We demonstrate the eectiveness of these new metrics on a retrieval test collection based on the AMI meeting corpus
Performance of ZigBee-based wireless sensor nodes for real-time monitoring of fruits logistics

Progress in fruit logistics requires an increasing number of measurements to be performed in refrigerated chambers and during transport. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a promising solution in this field. This paper explores the potential of wireless sensor technology for monitoring fruit storage and transport conditions. It focuses in particular on ZigBee technology with special regard to two different commercial modules (Xbow and Xbee). The main contributions of the paper relate to the analysis of battery life under cooling conditions and the evaluation of the reliability of communications and measurements. Psychrometric equations were used for quick assessment of changes in the absolute water content of air, allowing estimation of future water loss, and detection of condensation on the product