pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The influence of pre-treatment gas mixture upon the ammonia synthesis activity of Co–Re catalysts

AbstractCoRe4 catalysts highly active for ammonia synthesis at ambient pressure and 400°C can be prepared without an ammonolysis stage. Pre-treatments under 3:1 H2:N2 and 3:1 H2:Ar atmospheres are shown to influence catalytic performance with the latter treatment leading to an induction period prior to development of activity upon switching to an ammonia synthesis feedstream. The difference in behaviour between the two pre-treatment atmospheres is manifested in temperature programmed nitrogen isotopic exchange experiments where H2:Ar treated material is inactive and its H2:N2 treated counterpart is active
Measuring K$^0_{\rm S}$K$^{\rm \pm}$ interactions using Pb-Pb collisions
  at ${\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76}$ TeV

We present the first ever measurements of femtoscopic correlations between
the K$^0_{\rm S}$ and K$^{\rm \pm}$ particles. The analysis was performed on
the data from Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV measured by the
ALICE experiment. The observed femtoscopic correlations are consistent with
final-state interactions proceeding via the $a_0(980)$ resonance. The extracted
kaon source radius and correlation strength parameters for K$^0_{\rm S}$K$^{\rm
-}$ are found to be equal within the experimental uncertainties to those for
K$^0_{\rm S}$K$^{\rm +}$. Comparing the results of the present study with those
from published identical-kaon femtoscopic studies by ALICE, mass and coupling
parameters for the $a_0$ resonance are constrained. Our results are also
compatible with the interpretation of the $a_0$ having a tetraquark structure
over that of a diquark.Comment: 21 pages, 5 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 16,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/358
Top-quark loop corrections in Z+jet and Z + 2 jet production.

The sophistication of current predictions for Z+jet production at hadron colliders necessitates a re-evaluation of any approximations inherent in the theoretical calculations. In this paper we address one such issue, the inclusion of mass effects in top-quark loops. We ameliorate an existing calculation of Z + 1 jet and Z + 2 jet production by presenting exact analytic formulae for amplitudes containing top-quark loops that enter at next-to-leading order in QCD. Although approximations based on an expansion in powers of 1/mt2 can lead to poor high-energy behavior, an exact treatment of top-quark loops demonstrates that their effect is small and has limited phenomenological interest
Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections in the $H
  \rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channel in $pp$ collisions at
  $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of Higgs boson production
in proton-proton collisions are measured in the $H \rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow
4\ell$ decay channel. The proton-proton collision data were produced at the
Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the
ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
36.1 fb$^{-1}$. The inclusive fiducial cross section in the $H \rightarrow ZZ^*
\rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channel is measured to be 3.62 $\pm$ 0.50 (stat)
$^{+0.25}_{-0.20}$ (sys) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of
2.91 $\pm$ 0.13 fb. The cross section is also extrapolated to the total phase
space including all Standard Model Higgs boson decays. Several differential
fiducial cross sections are measured for observables sensitive to the Higgs
boson production and decay, including kinematic distributions of jets produced
in association with the Higgs boson. Good agreement is found between data and
Standard Model predictions. The results are used to put constraints on
anomalous Higgs boson interactions with Standard Model particles, using the
pseudo-observable extension to the kappa-framework.Comment: 49 pages in total, author list starting page 33, 11 figures, 4
  tables, published in JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2016-25
Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates
  produced in association with a $Z$ boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$
  13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates
produced in association with a leptonically decaying $Z$ boson in
proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV is presented. This search uses
36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron
Collider. No significant deviation from the expectation of the Standard Model
backgrounds is observed. Assuming the Standard Model $ZH$ production
cross-section, an observed (expected) upper limit of 67% (39%) at the 95%
confidence level is set on the branching ratio of invisible decays of the Higgs
boson with mass $m_H = $ 125 GeV. The corresponding limits on the production
cross-section of the $ZH$ process with the invisible Higgs boson decays are
also presented. Furthermore, exclusion limits on the dark matter candidate and
mediator masses are reported in the framework of simplified dark matter models.Comment: 35 pages in total, author list starting page 19, 3 figures, 3 tables,
  published in <Phys. Lett. B>, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  <http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2016-28/
Urban mobility data management: The OPTICITIES project and the Madrid standartization proposal

Urban mobility is an increasingly complex challenge for the cities, and involves many different aspects. An aspect central to the problem is the management of mobility data in the cities. The traditional approach has resulted in data silos implemented and mostly valid only for the city for which they were developed. The OPTICITIES project aims at providing a common framework for multimodal transport management and service provision in the urban environment. A thorough analysis of all the relevant aspects related to the urban data management will be performed in a number of European cities. Working on the idea of local implementations, an overall interoperability framework and local data management profiles of data formats and interfaces are being defined and tested. Working closely with ISO and CEN standardisation groups, it is expected that OPTICITIES will impact directly on reference standard drafts. Additionally, cities usually present also particularities that cannot be addressed exclusively from a technical point of view. The city and region of Madrid, Spain, has done a huge effort in order to integrate operators’ data in a common platform, but needs to consider legacy and new systems, and other factors. The OPTICITIES project aims to integrate all these factors into an implementation guidelines handbook that will allow any city, regardless of the currently used systems and applications, to address the deployment of advanced multimodal data management element
University students strengths associated with an optimal academic and professional performance

At university level, the awareness and the use of personal strengths (defined as forms of behaviour, thoughts and emotions that are associated with optimal performance), can enhance students´ learning process, and their future professional performance. However, there is little research on this topic, especially research framed within the social psychology field. The present descriptive study analyzed (a) the students´ signature strengths, (b) the signature strengths for an optimal professional performance, and (c) the signature strengths related to the academic performance. Participants were 83 students enrolled in an 'Applied Social Psychology' course following an ongoing assessment in the degree of Psychology (University of Barcelona). To assess the students´ personal strengths, the 'Values in Action' Inventory of Strengths was used (VIA-IS; Seligman, Park & Peterson, 2004). To evaluate the academic performance, a total score was calculated from the weighted average of: (1) a test, (2) two individual works, and (3) teamwork. The strengths needed for an optimal professional performance were discussed until a consensus was reached during a session conducted by the professors. The signature strengths more commonly encountered in the sample were in this order: gratitude, teamwork, fairness, perspective and kindness. The signature strengths related to the professional practice were: curiosity, social intelligence, perspective, hope and self-regulation. Finally, the strengths showing a greater relationship with the academic performance were: perseverance, teamwork, prudence, honesty and self-regulation. Overall, it should be noticed that teamwork was one of the students' signature strengths related to optimal academic performance, and perspective was one of the students' signature strengths related to optimal professional performance. However, the majority of strengths related to academic and professional domains did not coincide. This lack of relationship represents an opportunity to develop learning practices that enhance those participants´ signature strengths that are more related to an optimal performance in the professional and academic fields
Reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality : a sibling comparison analysis using Swedish register data

This study was supported by a European Research Council Starting Grant to Mikko Myrskylä (COSTPOST: 336475) and a European Research Council Advanced Grant to Emily Grundy (FAMHEALTH: 324055). We are also grateful for support from the Stockholm University SIMSAM Node for Demographic Research, Swedish Research Council grant 340-2013-5164.A growing body of evidence suggests that reproductive history influences post-reproductive mortality. A potential explanation for this association is confounding by socioeconomic status in the family of origin, as socioeconomic status is related to both fertility behaviours and to long-term health. We examine the relationship between age at first birth, completed parity, and post-reproductive mortality and address the potential confounding role of family of origin. We use Swedish population register data for men and women born 1932–1960, and examine both all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The contributions of our study are the use of a sibling comparison design that minimizes residual confounding from shared family background characteristics and assessment of cause-specific mortality that can shed light on the mechanisms linking reproductive history to mortality. Our results were entirely consistent with previous research on this topic, with teenage first time parents having higher mortality, and the relationship between parity and mortality following a U-shaped pattern where childless men and women and those with five or more children had the highest mortality. These results indicate that selection into specific fertility behaviours based upon socioeconomic status and experiences within the family of origin does not explain the relationship between reproductive history and post-reproductive mortality. Additional analyses where we adjust for other lifecourse factors such as educational attainment, attained socioeconomic status, and post-reproductive marital history do not change the results. Our results add an important new level of robustness to the findings on reproductive history and mortality by showing that the association is robust to confounding by factors shared by siblings. However it is still uncertain whether reproductive history causally influences health, or whether other confounding factors such as childhood health or risk-taking propensity could explain the association.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The implementation of managed entry agreements in Central and Eastern Europe: findings and implications

Background  Managed entry agreements (MEAs) are a set of instruments to facilitate access to new medicines. This study surveyed the implementation of MEAs in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) where limited comparative information is currently available.  Method  We conducted a survey on the implementation of MEAs in CEE between January and March 2017.  Results  Sixteen countries participated in this study. Across five countries with available data on the number of different MEA instruments implemented, the most common MEAs implemented were confidential discounts (n = 495, 73%), followed by paybacks (n = 92, 14%), price-volume agreements (n = 37, 5%), free doses (n = 25, 4%), bundle and other agreements (n = 19, 3%), and payment by result (n = 10, >1%). Across seven countries with data on MEAs by therapeutic group, the highest number of brand names associated with one or more MEA instruments belonged to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)-L group, antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (n = 201, 31%). The second most frequent therapeutic group for MEA implementation was ATC-A, alimentary tract and metabolism (n = 87, 13%), followed by medicines for neurological conditions (n = 83, 13%).  Conclusions  Experience in implementing MEAs varied substantially across the region and there is considerable scope for greater transparency, sharing experiences and mutual learning. European citizens, authorities and industry should ask themselves whether, within publicly funded health systems, confidential discounts can still be tolerated, particularly when it is not clear which country and party they are really benefiting. Furthermore, if MEAs are to improve access, countries should establish clear objectives for their implementation and a monitoring framework to measure their performance, as well as the burden of implementation.  Alessandra Ferrario was a Research Officer at the LSE Health at the time this research was conducted. She is now a postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA. Email: Alessandra_Ferrario@harvardpilgrim.or
Detection and understanding of natural CO2 releases in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Natural carbon dioxide (CO2) emanates from a number of sites along a N-S trend that coincides with a mapped fault near the village of Bongwana in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In addition to the natural CO2 seeps a groundwater well drilled on a farm in Bongwana encountered CO2 and now leaks. Thus the Bongwana sites provide excellent analogues for failed CO2 storage under the two primary leakage scenarios; 1) abrupt leakage through injection well failure or leakage up an abandoned well, and 2) gradual leakage, through undetected faults, fractures or wells. Here we present results from preliminary fieldwork undertaken in September 2015
The effects of alcohol intoxication on accuracy and the confidence-accuracy relationship in photographic simultaneous lineups

This is an open access article published by Wiley and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Acute alcohol intoxication during encoding can impair subsequent identification accuracy, but results across studies have been inconsistent, with studies often finding no effect. Little is also known about how alcohol intoxication affects the identification confidence-accuracy relationship. We randomly assigned women (n=153) to consume alcohol (dosed to achieve a 0.08% BAC) or tonic water, controlling for alcohol expectancy. Women then participated in an interactive hypothetical sexual assault scenario and, twenty-four hours or seven days later, attempted to identify the assailant from a perpetrator present or a perpetrator absent simultaneous lineup and reported their decision confidence. Overall, levels of identification accuracy were similar across the alcohol and tonic water groups. However, women who had consumed tonic water as opposed to alcohol identified the assailant with higher confidence on average. Further, calibration analyses suggested confidence is predictive of accuracy regardless of alcohol consumption. The theoretical and applied implications of our results are discussed
Young and unlicensed : risky driving before entering the licensing system

Objective: On-road driving before gaining a valid licence (pre-Licence driving) represents a risk for all road users. Pre-Licence driving among young people who obtained a Provisional licence within an enhanced graduated driver licensing program in Queensland, Australia, was investigated.\ud
\ud
Methods: Recently-licensed drivers (n = 1032) aged 17-19 years (M = 17.54) completed a survey exploring their driving experiences while on their Learners licence. Six months later, 355 of these drivers completed the same survey exploring their experiences on their Provisional (intermediate) licence.\ud
\ud
Results: Twelve percent of participants reported pre-Licence driving. Pre-Licence drivers reported significantly more risky driving as Learners and Provisional drivers.\ud
\ud
Conclusions: Pre-Licence drivers not only place themselves and other road users at risk at the time but also continue to do so through their subsequent risky driving. Pre-licence driving should be discouraged, and parents should be encouraged to monitor car use and the driving behaviour of their children
Investigation of barriers to entry into the design-build market in the People’s Republic of China (PRC)

Although the design-build (DB) system has been demonstrated to be an effective delivery method and has gained popularity worldwide, it has not gained the same popularity in the construction market of China. The objective of this study was, theretofore, to investigate the barriers to entry in the DB market. A total of 22 entry barriers were first identified through an open-ended questionnaire survey with 15 top construction professionals in the construction market of China. A broad questionnaire survey was further conducted to prioritize these entry barriers. Statistical analysis of responses shows that the most dominant barriers to entry into the DB market are, namely, lack of design expertise, lack of interest from owners, lack of suitable organization structure, lack of DB specialists, and lack of credit record system. Analysis of variance indicates that there is no difference of opinions among the respondent groups of academia, government departments, state-owned company, and private company, at the 5% significance level, on most of the barriers to entry. Finally, the underlying dimensions of barriers to entry in the DB market were investigated through factor analysis. The results indicate that there are six major underlying dimensions of entry barriers in DB market, which include, namely, the competence of design-builders, difficulty in project procurement, characteristics of DB projects, lack of support from public sectors, the competence of DB owners, and the immaturity of DB market. These findings are useful for both potential and incumbent design-builders to understand and analyze the DB market in China
On the Bayesian calibration of expensive computer models with input dependent parameters.

Computer models, aiming at simulating a complex real system, are often calibrated in the light of data to improve performance. Standard calibration methods assume that the optimal values of calibration parameters are invariant to the model inputs. In several real world applications where models involve complex parametrizations whose optimal values depend on the model inputs, such an assumption can be too restrictive and may lead to misleading results. We propose a fully Bayesian methodology that produces input dependent optimal values for the calibration parameters, as well as it characterizes the associated uncertainties via posterior distributions. Central to methodology is the idea of formulating the calibration parameter as a step function whose uncertain structure is modeled properly via a binary treed process. Our method is particularly suitable to address problems where the computer model requires the selection of a sub-model from a set of competing ones, but the choice of the ‘best’ sub-model may change with the input values. The method produces a selection probability for each sub-model given the input. We propose suitable reversible jump operations to facilitate the challenging computations. We assess the performance of our method against benchmark examples, and use it to analyze a real world application with a large-scale climate model
Geometrical tests of cosmological models. III. The cosmology-evolution diagram at z = 1

The rotational velocity of distant galaxies, when interpreted as a size (luminosity) indicator, may be used as a tool to select high redshift standard rods (candles) and probe world models and galaxy evolution via the classical angular diameter-redshift or Hubble diagram tests. We implement the proposed testing strategy using a sample of 30 rotators spanning the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1 with high resolution spectra and images obtained by the VIMOS/VLT Deep Redshift Survey (VVDS) and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODs).We show that by applying at the same time the angular diameter-redshift and Hubble diagrams to the same sample of objects (i.e. velocity selected galactic discs) one can derive a characteristic chart, the cosmology-evolution diagram,\ud
mapping the relation between global cosmological parameters and local structural parameters of discs such as size and luminosity. This chart allows to put constraints on cosmological parameters when general prior information about discs evolution is available. In particular, by assuming that equally rotating large discs cannot be less luminous at z = 1 than at present (M(z = 1) ∼< M(0)),\ud
we find that a flat matter dominated cosmology (Ωm = 1) is excluded at a confidence level of 2σ and an open cosmology with low mass density (Ωm ∼ 0.3) and no dark energy contribution (ΩΛ) is excluded at a confidence level greater than 1σ. Inversely, by assuming prior knowledge about the cosmological model, the cosmology-evolution diagram can be used to gain useful insights about the redshift evolution of baryonic discs hosted in dark matter halos of nearly equal masses. In particular, in a ΛCDM cosmology, we\ud
find evidence for a bimodal evolution where the low-mass discs have undergone significant surface brightness evolution over the last 8.5 Gyr, while more massive systems have not. We suggest that this dichotomy can be explained by the epochs at which these two different populations last assembled
The economics of social stratification in premodern societies

We present a microeconomic model of social stratification, which includes an endogenous fertility component. In the model, egalitarian and stratified societies coexist. The latter are divided into two hereditary classes: a warrior elite and a productive class. The model entails that the extra cost warriors must incur to train and equip their children for war determines the relative sizes of both classes and the degree of economic inequality. Higher costs of warrior children imply a greater economic advantage for warriors and a smaller ratio of warriors to producers. These results are consistent with the historical evidence. Finally, we explore conditions under which the social contributions of the warrior elite could discourage a revolution.