pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A critical review of statistical calibration/prediction models handling
  data inconsistency and model inadequacy

Inference of physical parameters from reference data is a well studied
problem with many intricacies (inconsistent sets of data due to experimental
systematic errors, approximate physical models...). The complexity is further
increased when the inferred parameters are used to make predictions (virtual
measurements) because parameters uncertainty has to be estimated in addition to
parameters best value. The literature is rich in statistical models for the
calibration/prediction problem, each having benefits and limitations.
  We review and evaluate standard and state-of-the-art statistical models in a
common bayesian framework, and test them on synthetic and real datasets of
temperature-dependent viscosity for the calibration of Lennard-Jones parameters
of a Chapman-Enskog model
Pipe flow of a dense emulsion: homogeneous shear-thinning or shear-induced migration ?

The flow field of a 70% concentrated noncolloidal o/w emulsion in a pipe has been investigated by means of Particle Image Velocimetry in a matched refractive index medium. At steady state and in laminar regime, the shape of axial velocity profiles is not parabolic and exhibits a shear‐thinning behavior of the dense emulsion, with a flow index of 0.5 and a negligible yield stress (less than 1 Pa). However, instead of a square root law, the pressure drop increases linearly with Um. To explain this apparent inconsistency, two mechanisms of different nature are considered. The first originates from a possible relation between the consistency factor and the drop mean diameter. The second mechanism is shear‐induced migration and leads to the development of a concentration gradient in the pipe cross section. Both mechanisms considered reconcile the experimental data, the apparent local shear‐thinning behavior and the linear evolution of the pressure drop with the flow rate
Steady Microfluidic Measurements of Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of
  Liquid Binary Mixtures

We present a microfluidic method leading to accurate measurements of the
mutual diffusion coefficient of a liquid binary mixture over the whole solute
concentration range in a single experiment. This method fully exploits solvent
pervaporation through a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane to obtain a
steady concentration gradient within a microfluidic channel. Our method is
applicable for solutes which cannot permeate through PDMS, and requires the
activity and the density over the full concentration range as input parameters.
We demonstrate the accuracy of our methodology by measuring the mutual
diffusion coefficient of the water (1) $+$ glycerol (2) mixture, from
measurements of the concentration gradient using Raman confocal spectroscopy
and the pervaporation-induced flow using particle tracking velocimetry.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
A pore network study of evaporation from the surface of a\ud
drying non-hygroscopic porous medium

The phenomena occurring at the surface of a porous medium during drying in the capillary regime are investigated by pore network simulations. The impact of the formation of wet and dry patches at the surface on the drying rate is studied. The simulations indicate an edge effect characterized by a noticeable variation of saturation in a thin layer adjacent to the porous surface. Also, the results indicate a significant nonlocal equilibrium effect at the surface. The simulation results are exploited to test Schlünder's classical model which offers a simple closure relationship between the evaporation rate and the degree of occupancy of the surface by the liquid. In addition to new insights into the surface phenomena, the results open up new prospects for improving the continuum models of the drying process
Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Asymptotic Longitudinal Mass Dispersion in Reconstructed Random Porous Media

In order to research macroscopic mass transport characteristics of porous media, a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) approach was utilized to calculate asymptotic longitudinal mass dispersion. In this study, a D2Q9 model with multi-relaxation-time (MRT) collision operator, which is appropriate for incompressible flow with a high Péclet number without refining the lattice, was chosen. With respect to the microstructure of porous media, random placement (RP) method was applied to obtain randomly positioned particles. Based on the exhausted numerical results presented in the study, a new correlation of longitudinal mass dispersion was established. By comparing with available experimental data in the literature, reasonable agreements are observed in a wide porosity range from 0.3 to 0.7, indicating the validity of the proposed correlation
Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Upflow Bubbling\ud
Fluidized Bed in Opaque Tube Under High Flux Solar Heating

Solid particles can be used as a heat transfer medium in concentrated solar power plants to operate at higher temperature and achieve higher heat conversion efficiency than using the current solar heat transfer fluids that only work below 600°C. Among various particle circulation concepts, the dense particle suspension (DPS) flow in tubes, also called upflow bubbling fluidized bed (UBFB), was studied in the frame of the CSP2 FP7 European project. The DPS capacity to extract heat from a tube absorber exposed to concentrated solar radiation was demonstrated and the first values of the tube wall-to-DPS heat transfer coefficient were measured. A stable outlet temperature of 750°C was reached with a metallic tube, and a particle reflux in the near tube wall region was evidenced. In this article, the UBFB behavior is studied using the multiphase flow code NEPTUNE_CFD. Hydrodynamics of SiC Geldart A-type particles and heat transfer imposed by a thermal flux at the wall are coupled in two-dimensional unsteady numerical simulations. The convective/diffusive heat transfer between the gas and dispersed phase, and the inter-particle radiative transfer (Rosseland approximation) are accounted for. Simulations and experiments are compared here and the temperature influence on the DPS flow is analyzed
Development of a kinetic model for the moderate temperature chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 films from tetraethyl orthosilicate and oxygen

An apparent kinetic model for the chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and O2 was developed in a poorly investigated range of operating conditions, that is, at atmospheric pressure and between 350 and 500°C, based on literature survey and experimental results obtained in a hot wall tubular reactor. The kinetic model was implemented into the computational ﬂuid dynamics code FLUENT and validated both in shape and value by comparison with experimental deposition rate proﬁles. It reveals th at for the conditions tested, a possible mechanism of SiO2 deposition involves two intermediate species formed from TEOS homogeneous decomposition, the ﬁrst one being active from 300°C and the second one contributing to deposition for temperatures higher than 370°C. The calculated local proﬁles of gas ﬂow, gas temperature, species mass fraction, and silica deposition rate indicate that the ﬁrst intermediate species leads to marked ﬁlm thickness gradients, the second one being more stable as producing uniform thicknesses
A model for drop and bubble breakup frequency based on turbulence spectra

In this article, a new Eulerian model for breakup frequency of drops induced by inertial stress in homogeneous isotropic turbulence is developed for moderately viscous fluids, accounting for the finite response time of drops to deform. The dynamics of drop shape in a turbulent flow is described by a linear damped oscillator forced by the instantaneous turbulent fluctuations at the drop scale. The criterion for breakup is based on a maximum value of drop deformation, in contrast with the usual critical Weber criterion. The breakup frequency is then modeled as a function of the power spectrum of Weber number (or velocity square), based on the theory of oscillators forced by a random signal, which can be related to classical statistical quantities, such as dissipation rate and velocity variance. Moreover, the effect of viscosities of both phases is included in the breakup frequency model without resorting to any additional paramet
Kinetics of oil dispersion in the absence and presence of block copolymers

A phenomenological model proposed describes droplet breakup in the turbitlently agitated lean oil-in-water dispersions and provides a correlation between the median droplet size in an agitated vessel of standard geometry and the time of dispersion. It was assumed that the droplet breakup takes place in the dispersion-only region and coalescence is negligible. Vie model described the data from this study and the literature quite satisfactorily under these conditions. The effect of adding triblock PEO/PPO/PEO copofymeric surfactants on the dispersion kinetics of oil was also investigated. Addition of surfactant reduced the median oil droplet size significanfty, and the extent of this reduction was a strong function of surfactant concentration. Application of the model on these data demonstrated that the change in the median droplet size could be divided into two distinct regions. The breakage rate was high initially, most probably due to continuous adsorption of surfactant molecules at the oil/water interface. A lower breakage rate was attained at longer tunes, as the surfactant molecules were depleted from the solution. The time of transition bet\veen the t\vo was affected strongly by the concentration of the surfactant added. Furthermore, the time of addition of the surfactant did not affect the final droplet-size distribution in the system
Influence of swelling and diffusion-induced convection on polymer sorption processes

Unsteady-state sorption of a vapor or liquid by a polymer is modeled to include the influence of the moving phase boundary associated with the polymer swelling and diffusion-induced convection. A formulation presented clearly elucidates the influence of these two effects on the overall sorption process. Numerical solutions of the model equations indicate the errors that can be induced when swelling or convection are neglected. For most polymer-solvent systems, the influence of the diffusion-induced convection associated with volume changes in mixing can be neglected in the analysis of sorption processes. In contrast, the correction for the moving boundary or swelling of the polymer phase can be quite significant, particularly when a large step change in solvent concentration is considered
Gas turbulence modulation in a two-fluid model for gas-solid flows

Recent rapid progress in the theoretical and experimental study of turbulence modulation has led to greater understanding of the physics of particle-gas turbulence interactions. A new two-fluid model incorporating these advances for relatively dilute gas-solid flows containing high-inertia particles is established. The effect of aerodynamic forces upon the particulate stresses is considered in this kinetic theory-based model, and the influence of the particles on the turbulent gas is addressed: the work associated with drag forces contributes to the gas turbulent energy, and the space occupied by particles restricts the turbulent length scale. The interparticle length scale, which is usually ignored, has been incorporated into a new model for determining the turbulent length scale. This model also considers the transport effect on the turbulent length scale. Simulation results for fully developed steady flows in vertical pipes are compared with a wide range of published experimental data and, generally, good agreement is shown. This comprehensive and validated model accounts for many of the interphase interactions that have been shown to be important
Spatiotemporal Expression of Pregnancy-Specific Glycoprotein Gene rnCGMl in Rat Placenta

As a basis towards a better understanding of the role of the pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) family in the maintenance of pregnancy, detailed investigations are described on the expression of a recently identified rat PSG gene (rnCGM1) at the mRNA and protein levels. Using specific oligonucleotide primers, rnCGM1 transcripts were identified after reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction, and hybridization with a radiolabelled, internal oligonucleotide. Transcripts were only found in significant amounts in placenta. In situ hybridization visualized rnCGM1 transcripts at day 14 post coitum (p.c.), in secondary trophoblast giant cells and in the spongiotrophoblast. Only those secondary giant cells lining the maternal decidua were positive. In contrast, primary giant cells did not contain rnCGM1 mRNA. At day 18 p.c., rnCGM1. transcripts were almost exclusively detectable in the spongiotrophoblast. No rnCGM1 transcripts were found in rat embryos of these two developmental stages. Rabbit antisera were generated against the amino-terminal immunoglobulin variable-like domain and against a synthetic peptide containing the last 13 carboxy-terminal amino acids of rnCGM1. Bothe antisera recognized a 124 kDa protein in day 18 rat placental extracts as identified by Western blot analysis. The anti-peptide antiserum recognized a 116 kDa protein in the serum of a 14 day p.c. pregnant rat that is absent from the sera of non-pregnant females. Taken together, these results confirm exclusive expression of rnCGM1 in the rat trophoblast, but unlike human PSG, negligible or no expression is found in other organs, such as fetal liver or salivary glands, indicating a more specialized function of rnCGM1. Its spatiotemporal expression pattern is conducive with a potential role of PSG in protecting the fetus against the maternal immune system and/or in regulating the invasive growth of trophoblast cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Phylogenomic inference in extremis:? : A case study with mycoheterotroph plastomes

Premise of the Study Phylogenomic studies employing large numbers of genes, including those based on plastid genomes (plastomes), are becoming common. Nonphotosynthetic plants such as mycoheterotrophs (which rely on root?associated fungi for essential nutrients, including carbon) tend to have highly elevated rates of plastome evolution, substantial genome reduction, or both. Mycoheterotroph plastomes therefore provide excellent test cases for investigating how extreme conditions impact phylogenomic inference. Methods We used parsimony and likelihood analysis of protein?coding gene sets from published and newly completed plastomes to infer the phylogenetic placement of taxa from the 10 angiosperm families in which mycoheterotrophy evolved. Key Results Despite multiple very long branches that reflect elevated substitution rates, and frequently patchy gene recovery due to genome reduction, inferred phylogenetic placements of most mycoheterotrophic lineages in DNA?based likelihood analyses are both well supported and congruent with other studies. Amino?acid?based likelihood placements are broadly consistent with DNA?based inferences, but extremely rate?elevated taxa can have unexpected placements?albeit with weak support. In contrast, parsimony analysis is strongly misled by long?branch attraction among many distantly related mycoheterotrophic monocots. Conclusions Mycoheterotrophic plastomes provide challenging cases for phylogenomic inference, as substitutional rates can be elevated and genome reduction can lead to sparse gene recovery. Nonetheless, diverse likelihood frameworks provide generally well?supported and mutually concordant phylogenetic placements of mycoheterotrophs, consistent with recent phylogenetic studies and angiosperm?wide classifications. Previous predictions of parallel photosynthesis loss within families are supported for Burmanniaceae, Ericaceae, Gentianaceae, and Orchidaceae. Burmanniaceae and Thismiaceae should not be combined as a single family in Dioscoreales.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Effects of temporal variation in community-level fruit abundance on seed dispersal by birds across woody species

動物による種子散布メカニズムの一端を解明 --森の果実の豊凶が鳥のタネまきを左右する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-10-15.Premise of the Study: In animal‐dispersed plants, seed dispersal patterns of the same species in the same habitat can greatly differ among individuals and temporally. Many studies have revealed the pervasive effects of spatial variation in fruit abundance on seed dispersal of individual plants. By contrast, very few studies have investigated the temporal variation in seed dispersal. Methods: We investigated the effects of conspecific and community‐level fruit abundance on fruit removal rate and seed dispersal distance of six bird‐dispersed woody species in a Japanese temperate forest for 3 yr. The six species share similar fruit characteristics but have different fruiting seasons. In addition, we also considered the effects of bird seasonality in diet and species composition on seed dispersal. Key Results: Inter‐annual and inter‐seasonal variation in community‐level fruit abundance determined both fruit removal and the seed dispersal distance across species, but the effect differed with seasonal changes in bird behavior. Abundant fruit satiated fruit removal by birds only during fruit‐feeding periods, not during insect‐feeding periods. A scarcity of fruit increased the dispersal distance, but only during the migratory period. This difference was probably due to the different foraging behaviors of passing migrants and territorial birds. Conclusions: Our results illustrated that temporal variation in community‐level fruit abundance could be a determining factor for seed dispersal in temperate forests. The effects of temporal variations in fruit abundance on seed dispersal patterns should be investigated in other ecosystems in order to understand their importance and associations with frugivore phenology
New formula and conversion factor to compute basic wood density of tree species using a global wood technology database

Premise of the Study : Basic wood density is an important ecological trait for woody plants. It is used to characterize species performance and fitness in community ecology and to compute tree and forest biomass in carbon cycle studies. While wood density has been historically measured at 12% moisture, it is convenient for ecological purposes to convert this measure to basic wood density, i.e., the ratio of dry mass over green volume. Basic wood density can then be used to compute tree dry biomass from living tree volume. Methods: Here, we derive a new exact formula to compute the basic wood density Db from the density at moisture content w denoted Dw, the fiber saturation point S, and the volumetric shrinkage coefficient R. We estimated a new conversion factor using a global wood technology database where values to use this formula are available for 4022 trees collected in 64 countries (mostly tropical) and representing 872 species. Key Results: We show that previous conversion factors used to convert densities at 12% moisture into basic wood densities are inconsistent. Based on theory and data, we found that basic wood density could be inferred from the density at 12% moisture using the following formula: Db = 0.828D12. This value of 0.828 provides basic wood density estimates 4–5% smaller than values inferred from previous conversion factors. Conclusions: This new conversion factor should be used to derive basic wood densities in global wood density databases. Its use would prevent overestimating global forest carbon stocks and allow predicting better tree species community dynamics from wood density
Critical Time Intervention for Homeless People Making the Transition to Community Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contains fulltext :
                  177684.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)To help create an evidence base in Europe for effective interventions that improve the well-being of homeless people, we tested whether critical time intervention (CTI), a time-limited intervention developed to support vulnerable people during times of transition, is effective outside the United States. For this multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, 183 adults who were moving from shelters in the Netherlands to supported or independent housing were allocated to CTI or care-as-usual. The primary outcome was number of days rehoused, which was assessed by interviewing participants four times during a 9-month follow-up. Outcomes were analyzed with three-level mixed-effects models. The primary outcome did not differ between groups. CTI had a significant effect on family support and, for people experiencing less social support, psychological distress. Groups did not differ significantly on social support, fulfillment of care needs, quality of life, self-esteem, excessive alcohol use, or cannabis use. Because few participants were homeless at 9 months, more research is needed to establish whether CTI can prevent long-term recurrent homelessness. Given recent emphasis on informal support in public services and positive effects of CTI on family support and psychological distress, CTI is a fitting intervention for Dutch shelter services
A multicenter retrospective clinical study of CD5/CD10-negative chronic B cell leukemias.

CD5-negative chronic B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in leukemic phase (B-CLPD) are heterogeneous and relatively uncommon pathologies that often lack a histopathological definition because of the absence of accessible pathological tissue. We describe the clinical features and evolution-related variables of 156 patients with CD5/CD10-negative B-CLPD (median age 66 years, range 25-86). The median follow-up was 51 months (range 6-216), and overall 3- and 5-year survival was respectively 87 and 76%; 50 patients needed therapy at diagnosis, 56 during follow-up, and 50 remained untreated until the last control. A combined clinical, histological, cytomorphological, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetic diagnostic approach allowed the complete classification of only a minority of patients as being affected by splenic marginal zone or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; the majority of cases remained unclassifiable. Multivariate analysis showed that the clinicohematological variables adversely related to overall survival were serum LDH levels and age, whereas high serum LDH levels, hemoglobin levels of <11 g/dl, and splenomegaly related to treatment-free time (in "wait and see" cases); only splenomegaly related to time to progression (in treated patients). In conclusion, our retrospective study describes the clinical features and variables related to evolution in a large group of patients with CD5/CD10-negative chronic B-cell lymphoid leukemias and underlines the fact that a probable lymphoplasmacytic or marginal zone normal cell origin can be supposed in such leukemic forms, but never surely demonstrated