pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Identification of non-ordinary mesons from the dispersive connection
  between their poles and their Regge trajectories: the f0(500) resonance

We show how the Regge trajectory of a resonance can be obtained from its pole
in a scattering process and analytic constraints in the complex angular
momentum plane. The method is suited for resonances that dominate an elastic
scattering amplitude. In particular, from the rho(770) resonance pole in
pion-pion scattering, we obtain its linear Regge trajectory, characteristic of
ordinary quark-antiquark states. In contrast, the f0(500) pole -the sigma
meson- which dominates scalar isoscalar pion-pion scattering, yields a
non-linear trajectory with a much smaller slope at the f0(500) mass.
Conversely, imposing a linear Regge trajectory for the f0(500), with a slope of
typical size, yields an elastic amplitude at odds with the data. This provides
strong support for the non-ordinary nature of the sigma meson.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Generalised CP and Trimaximal TM$_1$ Lepton Mixing in $S_4$ Family
  Symmetry

We construct two flavor models based on $S_4$ family symmetry and generalised
CP symmetry. In both models, the $S_4$ family symmetry is broken down to the
$Z^{SU}_2$ subgroup in the neutrino sector, as a consequence, the trimaximal
$\text{TM}_1$ lepton mixing is produced. Depending on the free parameters in
the flavon potential, the Dirac CP is predicted to be either conserved or
maximally broken, and the Majorana CP phases are trivial. The two models differ
in the neutrino sector. The flavon fields are involved in the Dirac mass terms
at leading order in the first model, and the neutrino mass matrix contains
three real parameters such that the absolute neutrino masses are fixed.
Nevertheless, the flavon fields enter into the Majorana mass terms at leading
order in the second model. The leading order lepton mixing is of the
tri-bimaximal form which is broken down to $\text{TM}_1$ by the next to leading
order contributions.Comment: 28 page
On the Yang-Baxter equation for the six-vertex model

In this paper we review the theory of the Yang-Baxter equation related to the
6-vertex model and its higher spin generalizations. We employ a 3D approach to
the problem. Starting with the 3D R-matrix, we consider a two-layer projection
of the corresponding 3D lattice model. As a result, we obtain a new expression
for the higher spin $R$-matrix associated with the affine quantum algebra
$U_q(\widehat{sl(2)})$. In the simplest case of the spin $s=1/2$ this
$R$-matrix naturally reduces to the $R$-matrix of the 6-vertex model. Taking a
special limit in our construction we also obtain new formulas for the
$Q$-operators acting in the representation space of arbitrary (half-)integer
spin. Remarkably, this construction can be naturally extended to any complex
values of spin $s$. We also give all functional equations satisfied by the
transfer-matrices and $Q$-operators.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur
Non-Linear Integral Equation and excited-states scaling functions in the sine-Gordon model

The NLIE (the non-linear integral equation equivalent to the Bethe Ansatz equations for finite size) is generalized to excited states, that is states with holes and complex roots over the antiferromagnetic ground state. We consider the sine-Gordon/massive Thirring model (sG/mT) in a periodic box of length L using the light-cone approach, in which the sG/mT model is obtained as the continuum limit of an inhomogeneous six vertex model. This NLIE is an useful starting point to compute the spectrum of excited states both analytically in the large L (perturbative) and small L (conformal) regimes as well as numerically. We derive the conformal weights of the Bethe states with holes and non-string complex roots (close and wide roots) in the UV limit. These weights agree with the Coulomb gas description, yielding a UV conformal spectrum related by duality to the IR conformal spectrum of the six vertex model
Interconnections effects in multiparticle production from W W events at LEP

Interactions between the products of the hadronic decays of different Ws in WW pair events can occur at several stages: from the colour rearrangement between the quarks coming from the primary branching, to the gluon exchange during the parton cascade, to the mixing of identical pions due to Bose-Einstein correlations. Besides the intrinsic interest of their study related to the understanding of the multiparticle production mechanisms, these phenomena can affect the ultimate accuracy in the W mass measurement by LEP 2. The status of the experimental analysis on interconnection effects between W pairs hadronically decaying is reviewed in this paper.Interactions between the products of the hadronic decays of different Ws in WW pair events can occur at several stages: from the colour rearrangement between the quarks coming from the primary branching, to the gluon exchange during the parton cascade, to the mixing of identical pions due to Bose-Einstein correlations. Besides the intrinsic interest of their study related to the understanding of the multiparticle production mechanisms, these phenomena can affect the ultimate accuracy in the W mass measurement by LEP 2. The status of the experimental analysis on interconnection effects between W pairs hadronically decaying is reviewed in this paper
Microscopics of Rotating Black Holes: Entropy and Greybody Factors

We review the status of microscopic counting of rotating black hole degrees of freedom. We present two complementary approaches which both utilize the near-horizon geometry and precisely reproduce the Bekenstein Hawking entropy for near-extreme rotating black holes in D=4 and D=5. The first one, proposed by Strominger, is applicable for the Ramond-Ramond sector and relies on the correspondence between the near-horizon geometry and the conformal field theory on its boundary. The second one (somewhat more heuristic), employs the conformal sigma-model in the Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz sector and accounts for the black hole microstates by counting the small scale oscillations of the dyonic string there. We also present the wave equation for the minimally coupled scalars for such rotating black hole background, and discuss its implication for the greybody factors. The results are illustrated for the prototype D=5 rotating black hole
The lower mass limit on the lightest supersymmetric particle, using ALEPH data up to 188.6 GeV

The lightest srpersymmetric particle (LSP) is expected to be stable, massive and neutral. Direct searches for supersymmetric particles in the context of the minimal supersymmetric extension to the standard model have been performed with the ALEPH detector. Using about 175pb-1 of data with centre-of-mass energies near 189GeV a limit on the mass of the LSP of M_LSP>32.3GeV/c2 at 95% confidence can be derived, assuming R-parity is conserved.The lightest srpersymmetric particle (LSP) is expected to be stable, massive and neutral. Direct searches for supersymmetric particles in the context of the minimal supersymmetric extension to the standard model have been performed with the ALEPH detector. Using about 175pb-1 of data with centre-of-mass energies near 189GeV a limit on the mass of the LSP of M_LSP>32.3GeV/c2 at 95% confidence can be derived, assuming R-parity is conserved
Extracting $|V_{ub}|$ from the Hadronic Mass Spectrum of Inclusive B decays

Following a strategy introduced earlier by the authors, we show that it is possible to extract |V_{ub}| from the cut hadronic mass spectrum of B decays without large systematic errors which usually arise from having to model the Fermi motion of the heavy quark. We present a closed form expression for |V_{ub}|/|V_{ts}| which is accurate up to corrections of order \alpha_s^2, \alpha_s \rho, (\Lambda/m_b)^2/\rho, where \rho is the experimental cut (s_c/m_b^2) on the hadronic mass used to veto charmed decays. Modulo duality violation errors, which are intrinsic to all inclusive predictions, we estimate the theoretical error in the extraction to be at the 5% level
Noncompact Heisenberg spin magnets from high-energy QCD; 1 Baxter Q-operator and Separation of Variables

We analyze a completely integrable two-dimensional quantum-mechanical model that emerged in the recent studies of the compound gluonic states in multi-color QCD at high energy. The model represents a generalization of the well-known homogenous Heisenberg spin magnet to infinite-dimensional representations of the SL(2,C) group and can be reformulated within the Quantum Inverse Scattering Method. Solving the Yang-Baxter equation, we obtain the R-matrix for the SL(2,C) representations of the principal series and discuss its properties. We explicitly construct the Baxter Q-operator for this model and show how it can be used to determine the energy spectrum. We apply Sklyanin's method of the Separated Variables to obtain an integral representation for the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian. We demonstrate that the language of Feynman diagrams supplemented with the method of uniqueness provide a powerful technique for analyzing the properties of the model
Observing Quanta on a Cosmic Scale

Our entire galaxy, like all others, originated as a fairly smooth patch of binding energy, which in turn originated as a single quantum perturbation of the inflaton field on a subatomic scale during inflation. The best preserved relic of these perturbations is the anisotropy of the microwave background radiation, which on the largest scales preserves a faithful image of the primordial quantum fields. It is possible that close study of these perturbations might reveal signs of discreteness caused by spacetime quantization
Range Corrections to Doublet S-Wave Neutron-Deuteron Scattering

We calculate the range corrections to S-wave neutron-deuteron scattering in
the doublet channel (S=1/2) to first order in r/a where a is the scattering
length and r the effective range. Ultraviolet divergences appearing at this
order can be absorbed into a redefinition of the leading order three-body
force. The corrections to the elastic scattering amplitude below the deuteron
breakup threshold are computed. Inclusion of the range corrections gives good
agreement with measured scattering data and potential model calculations.Comment: 11 pages, RevTex, 4 ps figures, included with epsf.te
Heisenberg's Introduction of the `Collapse of the Wavepacket' into
  Quantum Mechanics

Heisenberg in 1929 introduced the "collapse of the wavepacket" into quantum
theory. We review here an experiment at Berkeley which demonstrated several
aspects of this idea. In this experiment, a pair of daughter photons was
produced in an entangled state, in which the sum of their two energies was
equal to the sharp energy of their parent photon, in the nonlinear optical
process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The wavepacket of one
daughter photon collapsed upon a measurement-at-a-distance of the other
daughter's energy, in such a way that the total energy of the two-photon system
was conserved. Heisenberg's energy-time uncertainty principle was also
demonstrated to hold in this experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures. Chiao's Heisenberg Centennial Symposium lecture
  given in Bamberg, Germany, in Sept. 200
Association of Genetic Variation in \(FTO\) with Risk of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes with Data from 96,551 East and South Asians

Aims/hypothesis: \(FTO\) harbours the strongest known obesity-susceptibility locus in Europeans. While there is growing evidence for a role for \(FTO\) in obesity risk in Asians, its association with type 2 diabetes, independently of BMI, remains inconsistent. To test whether there is an association of the \(FTO\) locus with obesity and type 2 diabetes, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 populations including 96,551 East and South Asians.   Methods: All studies published on the association between \(FTO\)-rs9939609 (or proxy [r\(^2\) > 0.98]) and BMI, obesity or type 2 diabetes in East or South Asians were invited. Each study group analysed their data according to a standardised analysis plan. Association with type 2 diabetes was also adjusted for BMI. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool all effect sizes.   Results: The \(FTO\)-rs9939609 minor allele increased risk of obesity by 1.25-fold/allele (p = 9.0 × 10\(^{−19}\)), overweight by 1.13-fold/allele (p = 1.0 × 10\(^{−11}\)) and type 2 diabetes by 1.15-fold/allele (p = 5.5 × 10\(^{−8}\)). The association with type 2 diabetes was attenuated after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.10-fold/allele, p = 6.6 × 10\(^{−5}\)). The \(FTO\)-rs9939609 minor allele increased BMI by 0.26 kg/m2 per allele (p = 2.8 × 10\(^{−17}\)), WHR by 0.003/allele (p = 1.2 × 10\(^{−6}\)), and body fat percentage by 0.31%/allele (p = 0.0005). Associations were similar using dominant models. While the minor allele is less common in East Asians (12–20%) than South Asians (30–33%), the effect of \(FTO\) variation on obesity-related traits and type 2 diabetes was similar in the two populations.   Conclusions/interpretation: \(FTO\) is associated with increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, with effect sizes similar in East and South Asians and similar to those observed in Europeans. Furthermore, \(FTO\) is also associated with type 2 diabetes independently of BMI.   Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2370-7) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users
The ephemeris, orbital decay, and masses of 10 eclipsing HMXBs

We take advantage of more than 10 years of monitoring of the eclipsing HMXB
systems LMC X-4, Cen X-3, 4U 1700-377, 4U 1538-522, SMC X-1, IGR J18027-2016,
Vela X-1, IGR J17252-3616, XTE J1855-026, and OAO 1657-415 with the ASM
on-board RXTE and ISGRI on-board INTEGRAL to update their ephemeris. These
results are used to refine previous measurements of the orbital period decay of
all sources (where available) and provide the first accurate values of the
apsidal advance in Vela X-1 and 4U 1538-522. Updated values for the masses of
the neutron stars hosted in the ten HMXBs are also provided, as well as the
long-term lightcurves folded on the sources best determined orbital parameters.
These lightcurves reveal complex eclipse ingresses and egresses, that are
understood mostly as being due to the presence of accretion wakes. The results
reported in this paper constitute a database to be used for population and
evolutionary studies of HMXBs, as well as theoretical modelling of long-term
accretion in wind-fed X-ray binaries.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&
Yukawa hierarchies at the point of $E_8$ in F-theory

We analyse the structure of Yukawa couplings in local SU(5) F-theory models
with $E_8$ enhancement. In this setting the $E_8$ symmetry is broken down to
SU(5) by a 7-brane configuration described by T-branes, all the Yukawa
couplings are generated in the vicinity of a point and only one family of
quarks and leptons is massive at tree-level. The other two families obtain
their masses when non-perturbative effects are taken into account, being
hierarchically lighter than the third family. However, and contrary to previous
results, we find that this hierarchy of fermion masses is not always
appropriate to reproduce measured data. We find instead that different T-brane
configurations breaking $E_8$ to SU(5) give rise to distinct hierarchical
patterns for the holomorphic Yukawa couplings. Only some of these patterns
allow to fit the observed fermion masses with reasonable local model parameter
values, adding further constraints to the construction of F-theory GUTs. We
consider an $E_8$ model where such appropriate hierarchy is realised and
compute its physical Yukawas, showing that realistic charged fermions masses
can indeed be obtained in this case.Comment: 46 pages + appendices, 5 figures. v2, added references and typos
  corrected, version accepted on JHEP. v3, typos correcte
The global build-up to intrinsic ELM bursts seen in divertor full flux
  loops in Jet

A global signature of the build-up to an intrinsic ELM is found in the phase
of signals measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region of JET.
Full flux loop signals provide a global measurement proportional to the voltage
induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux; they are electromagnetically
induced by the dynamics of spatially integrated current density. We perform
direct time-domain analysis of the high time-resolution full flux loop signals
VLD2 and VLD3. We analyze plasmas where a steady H-mode is sustained over
several seconds, during which all the observed ELMs are intrinsic; there is no
deliberate intent to pace the ELMing process by external means. ELM occurrence
times are determined from the Be II emission at the divertor. We previously
found that the occurrence times of intrinsic ELMs correlate with specific
phases of the VLD2 and VLD3 signals. Here, we investigate how the VLD2 and VLD3
phases vary with time in advance of the ELM occurrence time. We identify a
build-up to the ELM in which the VLD2 and VLD3 signals progressively align to
the phase at which ELMs preferentially occur, on a ~ 2 -5ms timescale. At the
same time, the VLD2 and VLD3 signals become phase synchronized with each other,
consistent with the emergence of coherent global dynamics in the integrated
current density. In a plasma that remains close to a global magnetic
equilibrium, this can reflect bulk displacement or motion of the plasma. This
build-up signature to an intrinsic ELM can be extracted from a time interval of
data that does not extend beyond the ELM occurrence time, so that these full
flux loop signals could assist in ELM prediction or mitigation.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures. The following article has been submitted to
  Physics of Plasmas. After it is published it will be found at
  http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/pop/brows
Fluids confined in wedges and by edges: From cluster integrals to
  thermodynamic properties referred to different regions

Recently, new insights in the relation between the geometry of the vessel
that confines a fluid and its thermodynamic properties were traced through the
study of cluster integrals for inhomogeneous fluids. In this work I analyze the
thermodynamic properties of fluids confined in wedges or by edges, emphasizing
on the question of the region to which these properties refer. In this context,
the relations between the line-thermodynamic properties referred to different
regions are derived as analytic functions of the dihedral angle $\alpha$ , for
$0<\alpha<2\pi$ , which enables a unified approach to both edges and wedges. As
a simple application of these results, I analyze the properties of the confined
gas in the low-density regime. Finally, using recent analytic results for the
second cluster integral of the confined hard sphere fluid, the low density
behavior of the line thermodynamic properties is analytically studied up to
order two in the density for $0<\alpha<2\pi$ and by adopting different
reference regions.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Q-operators for the open Heisenberg spin chain

We construct Q-operators for the open spin-1/2 XXX Heisenberg spin chain with
diagonal boundary matrices. The Q-operators are defined as traces over an
infinite-dimensional auxiliary space involving novel types of reflection
operators derived from the boundary Yang-Baxter equation. We argue that the
Q-operators defined in this way are polynomials in the spectral parameter and
show that they commute with transfer matrix. Finally, we prove that the
Q-operators satisfy Baxter's TQ-equation and derive the explicit form of their
eigenvalues in terms of the Bethe roots.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figure; v2: refs added, minor changes; v3: refs added,
  summary and text improve
Effect of conductivity and frequency on detection of heterogeneities in solid/liquid interfaces using local electrochemical impedance Theoretical and experimental study

This short communication demonstrates, by solving the Laplace equation with proper boundary conditions (BC) using finite element method (FEM), that it is not possible to establish a correlation between what happens in the electrolyte near an active boundary and what really occurs at the actual boundary if adequate ranges of electrolyte conductivity and input AC signal frequency are not selected, especially when inhomogeneities approximated by Neumann BC are present. Experimental evidence obtained by local electrochemical impedance mapping (LEIM) supports the theoretical results.This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Inno-vationofSpain(MAT2006-04486andIPT-020000-2010-0001Projects
Fertility preservation for girls and young women with cancer : Population-based validation of criteria for ovarian tissue cryopreservation

This study was partly funded by the UK Medical Research Council grant G1100357 (to RAA). Open Access funded by Department of Health UK.Background: Ovarian tissue cryopreservation with later reimplantation has been shown to preserve fertility in adult women, but this approach remains unproven and experimental in children and adolescents. We aimed to assess the use of the Edinburgh selection criteria for ovarian tissue cryopreservation in girls and young women with cancer to determine whether we are offering this invasive procedure to the patients who are most at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. Methods: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has been selectively offered to girls and young women with cancer who met the Edinburgh selection criteria since 1996. Between Jan 1, 1996, and June 30, 2012, 410 female patients younger than 18 years at diagnosis were treated for cancer (including leukaemia and brain tumours) at the Edinburgh Children's Cancer Centre, which serves the whole South East of Scotland region. We determined the ovarian status of these patients from review of clinical records and classified them as having premature ovarian insufficiency or not, or as unable to be determined. Patients younger than 12 years at time of data cutoff (Jan 31, 2013) were excluded from the analysis. Findings: 34 (8%) of the 410 patients met the Edinburgh selection criteria and were offered ovarian tissue cryopreservation before starting cancer treatment. 13 patients declined the procedure and 21 consented, and the procedure was completed successfully in 20 patients. Of the 20 patients who had ovarian tissue successfully cryopreserved, 14 were available for assessment of ovarian function. Of the 13 patients who had declined the procedure, six were available for assessment of ovarian function. Median age at the time of follow-up for the 20 assessable patients was 16·9 years (IQR 15·5-21·8). Of the 14 assessable patients who had successfully undergone ovarian cryopreservation, six had developed premature ovarian insufficiency at a median age of 13·4 years (IQR 12·5-14·6), one of whom also had a natural pregnancy. Of the six assessable patients who had declined the procedure, one had developed premature ovarian insufficiency. Assessment of ovarian function was possible for 141 of the 376 patients who were not offered cryopreservation; one of these patients had developed premature ovarian insufficiency. The cumulative probability of developing premature ovarian insufficiency after treatment was completed was significantly higher for patients who met the criteria for ovarian tissue cryopreservation than for those who did not (15-year probability 35% [95% CI 10-53] vs 1% [0-2]; pPublisher PDFPeer reviewe