pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Extremal surfaces as bulk probes in AdS/CFT.

Motivated by the need for further insight into the emergence of AdS bulk spacetime from CFT degrees of freedom, we explore the behaviour of probes represented by specific geometric quantities in the bulk. We focus on geodesics and n-dimensional extremal surfaces in a general static asymptotically AdS spacetime with spherical and planar symmetry, respectively. While our arguments do not rely on the details of the metric, we illustrate some of our findings explicitly in spacetimes of particular interest (specifically AdS, Schwarzschild-AdS and extreme Reissner-Nordstrom-AdS). In case of geodesics, we find that for a fixed spatial distance between the geodesic endpoints, spacelike geodesics at constant time can reach deepest into the bulk. We also present a simple argument for why, in the presence of a black hole, geodesics cannot probe past the horizon whilst anchored on the AdS boundary at both ends. The reach of an extremal n-dimensional surface anchored on a given region depends on its dimensionality, the shape and size of the bounding region, as well as the bulk metric. We argue that for a fixed extent or volume of the boundary region, spherical regions give rise to the deepest reach of the corresponding extremal surface. Moreover, for physically sensible spacetimes, at fixed extent of the boundary region, higher-dimensional surfaces reach deeper into the bulk. Finally, we show that in a static black hole spacetime, no extremal surface (of any dimensionality, anchored on any region in the boundary) can ever penetrate the horizon
Q-operators for the open Heisenberg spin chain.

We construct Q-operators for the open spin-View the MathML source XXX Heisenberg spin chain with diagonal boundary matrices. The Q-operators are defined as traces over an infinite-dimensional auxiliary space involving novel types of reflection operators derived from the boundary Yang–Baxter equation. We argue that the Q-operators defined in this way are polynomials in the spectral parameter and show that they commute with transfer matrix. Finally, we prove that the Q-operators satisfy Baxter's TQ-equation and derive the explicit form of their eigenvalues in terms of the Bethe roots
Tapping the power of local knowledge : a local-global interactive perspective.

Existing theories of international business and strategy do not fully explain how local knowledge disadvantage faced by foreign investors can be mitigated. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study into four MNCs to investigate the micro-processes of how they generated value from their dispersed sources of local knowledge in China. The results suggest an interactive model: that MNCs employed management processes encompassing three strategically interconnected efforts—global knowledge penetration, local-global knowledge blending, and local-global knowledge integration. The model highlights the interplay between global and local knowledge and challenges extant research that solely focuses on the transfer of either home-based or local knowledge
Benchmarking selection of parameter values for the Barcelona basic model

Seven teams took part in a benchmarking exercise on selection of parameter values for the Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) from experimental data on an unsaturated soil. All teams were provided with experimental results from 9 tests performed on a compacted soil in order to determine values for the ten BBM soil constants and an initial value for the hardening parameter. The coordinating team then performed simulations (at stress point level) with the 7 different sets of parameter values, in order to explore the implications of the differences in parameter values and hence to investigate the robustness of existing BBM parameter value selection procedures. The major challenge was found to be selection of values for the constants λ(0), r, β, N(0) and pc and an initial value for the hardening parameter p¯0(0), with the various teams proposing significantly different values for some of these key parameters. A key lesson emerging from the exercise is the importance of choosing a method for selecting values for the parameters β and pc which places the main emphasis on attempting to optimise the match to the experimental spacing of normal compression lines at different values of suction
Characteristic Size and Mass of Galaxies in the Bose-Einstein Condensate
  Dark Matter Model

We study the characteristic length scale of galactic halos in the
Bose-Einstein condensate (or scalar field) dark matter model. Considering the
evolution of the density perturbation we show that the average background
matter density determines the quantum Jeans mass and hence the spatial size of
galaxies at a given epoch. In this model the minimum size of galaxies increases
while the minimum mass of the galaxies decreases as the universe expands. The
observed values of the mass and the size of the dwarf galaxies are successfully
reproduced with the dark matter particle mass $m\simeq 5\times 10^{-22}eV$. The
minimum size is about $6\times 10^{-3}\sqrt{m/H}\lambda_c$ and the typical
rotation velocity of the dwarf galaxies is $O(\sqrt{H/m}$) c, where $H$ is the
Hubble parameter and $\lambda_c$ is the Compton wave length of the particle. We
also suggest that ultra compact dwarf galaxies are the remnants of the dwarf
galaxies formed in the early universe.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics letters
Measurement of spin correlation between top and antitop quarks produced
  in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96$ TeV

We present a measurement of the correlation between the spins of t and tbar
quarks produced in proton-antiproton collisions at the Tevatron Collider at a
center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV. We apply a matrix element technique to
dilepton and single-lepton+jets final states in data accumulated with the D0
detector that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 9.7 fb$^{-1}$. The
measured value of the correlation coefficient in the off-diagonal basis,
$O_{off} = 0.89 \pm 0.22$ (stat + syst), is in agreement with the standard
model prediction, and represents evidence for a top-antitop quark spin
correlation difference from zero at a level of 4.2 standard deviations.Comment: Published versio
750 GeV Resonance in the Gauged $U(1)'$-Extended MSSM

Recently the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the LHC announced their
observation of a potential 750 GeV di-photon resonance, after analyzing the
$\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV LHC data. This observation has significant implications for
low-energy supersymmetry. Beyond the MSSM and the NMSSM, we study the
MSSM-extensions with an extra $U(1)'$ gauge symmetry. The anomaly cancellation
and the spontaneous breaking of the non-decoupled $U(1)'$ generically require
introducing vector-like supermultiplets (both colored and color-neutral ones)
and singlet supermultiplets, respectively. We illustrate that the potential 750
GeV resonance ($Y$) can be accommodated in various mechanisms, as a
singlet-like scalar or pseudoscalar. Three benchmark scenarios are presented:
(1) vector-like quarks (VLQ) mediated $pp \to Y \to \gamma \gamma$; (2) scalar
VLQ mediated $pp \to Y \to \gamma \gamma$; (3) heavy scalar (pseudo-scalar)
$H/A$ associated production $pp \to H^*/A^* \to Y H/h$. Additionally, we notice
that the $Z'$-mediated vector boson fusion production and $Z'$-associated
production $pp \to Y qq'$, if yielding a signal rate of the observed level,
might have been excluded by the searches for $Z'$ via Drell-Yan process at the
LHC.Comment: v3, figure update with corresponding modification in discussion,
  version accepted by PL
The micromechanics of the superficial zone of articular cartilage.

Journal ArticleOBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between the unique mechanical and structural properties of the superficial zone of articular cartilage on the microscopic scale. DESIGN: Fresh unstained equine metacarpophalangeal cartilage samples were mounted on tensile and compressive loading rigs on the stage of a multiphoton microscope. Sequential image stacks were acquired under incremental loads together with simultaneous measurements of the applied stress and strain. Second harmonic generation was used to visualise the collagen fibre network, while two photon fluorescence was used to visualise elastin fibres and cells. The changes visualised by each modality were tracked between successive loads. RESULTS: The deformation of the cartilage matrix was heterogeneous on the microscopic length scale. This was evident from local strain maps, which showed shearing between different regions of collagen under tensile strain, corrugations in the articular surface at higher tensile strains and a non-uniform distribution of compressive strain in the axial direction. Chondrocytes elongated and rotated under tensile strain and were compressed in the axial direction under compressive load. The magnitude of deformation varied between cells, indicating differences in either load transmission through the matrix or the mechanical properties of individual cells. Under tensile loading the reorganisation of the elastin network differed from a homogeneous elastic response, indicating that it forms a functional structure. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the complexity of superficial zone mechanics and demonstrates that the response of the collagen matrix, elastin fibres and chondrocytes are all heterogeneous on the microscopic scale.Arthritis Research U
Current and Future Incidence and Costs of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in the Netherlands

This study aims to estimate the incidence and costs of osteoporosis-related fractures in The Netherlands in 2010 and project them to 2030. The incidence and costs of five different types of fractures (spine, hip, upper extremity, lower extremity, wrist/distal forearm, other) were derived from claims data of all Dutch healthcare insurers. Given that fracture-codes in claims data do not indicate whether fractures are related to osteoporosis, we used a large dataset with DXA measurements to attribute fractures to osteoporosis. Future projections used four scenarios: (1) demographic, (2) demographic ? annual trend in incidence rates, (3) demographic ? annual trend in incidence rates ? annual trend in costs, and (4) treatment. Of all registered fractures, 32 % was attributed to osteoporosis (36 % in women and 21  % in men). Over time (2010–2030) the increase in incidence of osteoporosis-related fractures was estimated to be 40 % (scenario 1); for the hip 60–79 % (scenario 1–2). In 2010, approximately €200 million was spent on treatment of osteoporosis-related fractures, most on fractures of the hip followed by wrist/distal forearm. In both men and women, the excess costs due to osteoporosis-related fractures were highest for hip fractures (€11,000–€13,000 per person), followed by spine fractures (€6000–€7000).The costs for osteoporosisrelated fractures were projected to increase with 50 % from 2010 to 2030 (scenario 1); for the hip 60–148 % (scenario 1–3). Pharmacotherapeutic prevention can lead to costsavings of €377 million in 2030 (scenario 1 and 4 combined). The projected increase in incidence and costs of osteoporosis-related fractures calls for a wider use of prevention and treatment
Early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene variation interact at the level of the adrenal gland to affect the adult hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis

Contains fulltext :
                  134035.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The short allelic variant of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) promoter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with the etiology of major depression by interaction with early life stress (ELS). Furthermore, 5-HTTLPR has been associated with abnormal functioning of the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we examined if, and at what level, the HPA-axis is affected in an animal model for ELS x 5-HTTLPR interactions. Heterozygous and homozygous 5-HTT knockout rats and their wild-type littermates were exposed daily at postnatal days 2-14 to 3 h of maternal separation. When grown to adulthood, plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and the major rat glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), were measured. Furthermore, the gene expression of key HPA-axis players at the level of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands was assessed. No 5-HTT genotype x ELS interaction effects on gene expression were observed at the level of the hypothalamus or pituitary. However, we found significant 5-HTT genotype x ELS interaction effects for plasma CORT levels and adrenal mRNA levels of the ACTH receptor, such that 5-HTT deficiency was associated under control conditions with increased, but after ELS with decreased basal HPA-axis activity. With the use of an in vitro adrenal assay, naive 5-HTT knockout rats were furthermore shown to display increased adrenal ACTH sensitivity. Therefore, we conclude that basal HPA-axis activity is affected by the interaction of 5-HTT genotype and ELS, and is programmed, within the axis itself, predominantly at the level of the adrenal gland. This study therefore emphasizes the importance of the adrenal gland for HPA-related psychiatric disorders
Local and global process of stimuli in autism using face

Special Issue: Abstracts of the XXIX International Congress of Psychology, Monday 21st July 2008.The aim of the study was how people with autism configure faces. We collected data from autistic and normal children. In a lighted room participants were presented with 24 stimuli constructed by three dots configuring a face. Stimuli were provided in upright or inverted and symmetric or asymetric, which are determined by the relative distances and positions among dots making either face or no face. The error rate was measured. The results showed that autistics showed a significant error when the face stimili were presented inverted fashion, suggesting that they focused on local feature in face processing
Is the EuroSCORE II best suited for Reoperative Risk Estimation in Patients with Structural Deterioraion of Aortic Bioprostheses?

International audienceBackgroundOperative risk prediction systems (logistic EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II and STS Score) are employed together with multidisciplinary discussion to contraindicate conventional surgery in patients with valvular heart disease and propose the employment of alternative transcatheter procedures. The EuroSCORE I has been reported to underperform in these circumstances; we hypothesize that the EuroSCORE II is best suited for the stratification of risk in patients with structural deterioration of valvular bioprostheses and potential candidates to the Valve-in-Valve procedure (deployment of a transcatheter valve within a failing valvular bioprosthesis).Methods and evaluation of the hypothesisA multi-Institutional collaboration is required to fully address such hypothesis. Therefore, we performed a preliminary validation study by retrieval of the complete records of 81 patients undergoing reoperative aortic valve replacement for preoperative diagnosis of bioprosthetic SVD at our Institution. Logistic EuroSCORE I, EuroSCORE II and STS Score were calculated by preoperatively available data. Faced to an observed reoperative mortality of 4.9%, average EuroSCORE I was 15.8% ± 13.4, EuroSCORE II was 7.3% ± 7.4 and the STS Score was 15% ± 9.8. The three systems provided sufficient adequacy (Hosmer-Lemeshow p=0.847, p=0.999 and p=0.9948, respectively). Yet, the area under the ROC curve was significantly higher for the EuroSCORE II (0.9903) vs. the EuroSCORE I (0.8994) (p=0.044). The STS Score yielded an intermediate figure (0.9643). The odds ratios (logistic regression) were 1.079 for EuroSCORE I, 1.223 for the STS Score and 1.474 for EuroSCORE II.ConclusionsThe three investigated algorithms showed reasonable calibration in the prediction of mortality for reoperative aortic valve replacement, but they evenly overestimated the observed mortality. The hypothesis that the EuroSCORE II is better suited for the selection of candidates to Valve-in-Valve implantation is worth of further multi-Institutional investigations on the basis of our preliminary findings and due to the expanding role of transcatheter techniques
Kinetics of CO2-fluid-rock reactions in a basalt aquifer, Soda Springs, Idaho

The dissolution of silicate minerals by CO2-rich fluids and the subsequent precipitation of CO2 as carbonate minerals represent a means of permanently storing anthropogenic CO2 waste products in a solid and secure form. Modelling the progression of these reactions is hindered by our poor understanding of the rates of mineral dissolution–precipitation reactions and mineral surface properties in natural systems. This study evaluates the chemical evolution of groundwater flowing through a basalt aquifer, which forms part of the leaking CO2-charged system of the Blackfoot Volcanic Field in south-eastern Idaho, USA. Reaction progress is modelled using changes in groundwater chemistry by inverse mass balance techniques. The CO2-promoted fluid–mineral reactions include the dissolution of primary plagioclase, orthoclase, pyroxene and gypsum which is balanced by the precipitation of secondary albite, calcite, zeolite, kaolinite and silica. Mineral mole transfers and groundwater flow rates estimated from hydraulic head data are used to determine the kinetics of plagioclase and orthoclase feldspar dissolution. Plagioclase surface area measurements were determined using the evolution of the U-series isotope ratios in the groundwater and are compared to published surface area measurements. Calculated rates of dissolution for plagioclase range from 2.4 × 10−12 to 4.6 × 10−16 mol/m2/s and orthoclase from 2.0 × 10−13 to 6.8 × 10−16 mol/m2/s respectively. These feldspar reaction rates, correlate with the degree of mineral–fluid disequilibrium and are similar to the dissolution rates for these mineral measured in other natural CO2-charged groundwater systems
Kaltofen's division-free determinant algorithm differentiated for matrix adjoint computation

International audienceKaltofen has proposed a new approach in 1992 for computing matrix determinants without divisions. The algorithm is based on a baby steps/giant steps construction of Krylov subspaces, and computes the determinant as the constant term of a characteristic polynomial. For matrices over an abstract ring, by the results of Baur and Strassen, the determinant algorithm, actually a straight-line program, leads to an algorithm with the same complexity for computing the adjoint of a matrix. However, the latter adjoint algorithm is obtained by the reverse mode of automatic differentiation, hence somehow is not ''explicit''. We present an alternative (still closely related) algorithm for the adjoint thatcan be implemented directly, we mean without resorting to an automatic transformation. The algorithm is deduced by applying program differentiation techniques ''by hand'' to Kaltofen's method, and is completely decribed. As subproblem, we study the differentiation of programs that compute minimum polynomials of lineraly generated sequences, and we use a lazy polynomial evaluation mechanism for reducing the cost of Strassen's avoidance of divisions in our case
Random pinning model with finite range correlations : disorder relevant regime

The purpose of this paper is to show how one can extend some results on disorder relevance obtained for the random pinning model with i.i.d disorder to the model with finite range correlated disorder. In a previous work, the annealed critical curve of the latter model was computed, and equality of quenched and annealed critical points, as well as exponents, was proved under some conditions on the return exponent of the interarrival times. Here we complete this work by looking at the disorder relevant regime, where annealed and quenched critical points differ. All these results show that the Harris criterion, which was proved to be correct in the i.i.d case, remains valid in our setup. We strongly use Markov renewal constructions that were introduced in the solving of the annealed model
Groundwater salinization in a coastal multilayer aquifer: Preliminary results on origins and mechanisms. Example of Recife (Brazil)

International audienceThe Recife Metropolitan Region (PE, Brazil) appears as a typical "hot spot" illustrating the problems of southern countries such as urbanization or rapid industrial and touristic development. All these factors induce high pressures on water resources both on quantity and quality in the context of global social and environmental changes. This paper focuses on the groundwater geochemistry in a costal multilayer aquifer aiming at investigating the sources and processes of salinization. The preliminary results of 62 groundwater samples from the five main aquifers are reported
Modeling nonthermal emission from stellar bow shocks

Context. Runaway O- and early B-type stars passing through the interstellar medium at supersonic velocities and characterized by strong stellar winds may produce bow shocks that can serve as particle acceleration sites. Previous theoretical models predict the production of high-energy photons by nonthermal radiative processes, but their efficiency is still debated. Aims. We aim to test and explain the possibility of emission from the bow shocks formed by runaway stars traveling through the interstellar medium by using previous theoretical models. Methods. We applied our model to AE Aurigae, the first reported star with an X-ray detected bow shock, to BD+43 3654, in which the observations failed in detecting high-energy emission, and to the transition phase of a supergiant star in the late stages of its life. Results. From our analysis, we confirm that the X-ray emission from the bow shock produced by AE Aurigae can be explained by inverse Compton processes involving the infrared photons of the heated dust. We also predict low high-energy flux emission from the bow shock produced by BD+43 3654, and the possibility of high-energy emission from the bow shock formed by a supergiant star during the transition phase from blue to red supergiant. Conclusions. Bow shocks formed by different types of runaway stars are revealed as a new possible source of high-energy photons in our neighborhood
Search for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions using dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions in proton–proton collisions at View the MathML sources=8 TeV using dijet angular distributions. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Dijet angular distributions are found to be in agreement with the perturbative QCD predictions that include electroweak corrections. Limits on the contact interaction scale from a variety of models at next-to-leading order in QCD corrections are obtained. A benchmark model in which only left-handed quarks participate is excluded up to a scale of 9.0 (11.7) TeV for destructive (constructive) interference at 95% confidence level. Lower limits between 5.9 and 8.4 TeV on the scale of virtual graviton exchange are extracted for the Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions
Hadron–hadron interactions from imaginary-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter wave function on the lattice

Imaginary-time Nambu–Bethe–Salpeter (NBS) wave function is introduced to extend our previous approach for hadron–hadron interactions on the lattice. Scattering states of hadrons with different energies encoded in the NBS wave function are utilized to extract non-local hadron–hadron potential. “The ground state saturation”, which is commonly used in lattice QCD but is hard to be achieved for multi-baryons, is not required. We demonstrate that the present method works efficiently for the nucleon–nucleon interaction (the potential and the phase shift) in the View the MathML source channel