pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays at the highest energies

One of several working groups established for this workshop was charged with
examining results and methods associated with the UHECR energy spectrum. We
summarize the results of our discussions, which include a better understanding
of the analysis choices made by groups and their motivation. We find that the
energy spectra determined by the larger experiments are consistent in
normalization and shape after energy scaling factors are applied. Those scaling
factors are within systematic uncertainties in the energy scale, and we discuss
future work aimed at reducing these systematics.Comment: Working Group report given at UHECR 2012 Symposium, CERN, Feb. 201
From dlogs to dilogs; the super Yang-Mills MHV amplitude revisited

Recently, loop integrands for certain Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes and
correlation functions have been shown to be systematically expressible in dlog
form, raising the possibility that these loop integrals can be performed
directly without Feynman parameters. We do so here to give a new description of
the planar 1-loop MHV amplitude in N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. We explicitly
incorporate the standard Feynman i epsilon prescription into the integrands. We
find that the generic MHV diagram contributing to the 1-loop MHV amplitude,
known as Kermit, is dual conformal invariant up to the choice of reference
twistor explicit in our axial gauge (the generic MHV diagram was already known
to be finite). The new formulae for the amplitude are nontrivially related to
previous ones in the literature. The divergent diagrams are evaluated using
mass regularization. Our techniques extend directly to higher loop diagrams,
and we illustrate this by sketching the evaluation of a non-trivial 2-loop
example. We expect this to lead to a simple and efficient method for computing
amplitudes and correlation functions with less supersymmetry and without the
assumption of planarity.Comment: v2. minor changes and updated discussion of mass regularizatio
OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893: The discovery of a long-period eclipsing binary with
  a circumstellar disk

We report the serendipitous discovery of a disk-eclipse system
OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893. The eclipse occurs with a period of 468 days, a duration of
about 15 days and a deep (up to \Delta I ~1.5), peculiar and asymmetric
profile. A possible origin of such an eclipse profile involves a circumstellar
disk. The presence of the disk is confirmed by the H-alpha line profile from
the follow-up spectroscopic observations, and the star is identified as Be/Ae
type. Unlike the previously known disk-eclipse candidates (Epsilon Aurigae, EE
Cephei, OGLE-LMC-ECL-17782, KH 15D), the eclipses of OGLE-LMC-ECL-11893 retain
the same shape throughout the span of ~17 years (13 orbital periods),
indicating no measurable orbital precession of the disk
Higgs-dilaton(radion) system confronting the LHC Higgs data

We consider the Higgs-dilaton(radion) system using the trace of
energy-momentum tensor ($T_{~\mu}^\mu$) with the full Standard Model (SM) gauge
symmetry $G_{\rm SM} \equiv SU(3)_c \times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$, and find out
that the resulting phenomenology for the Higgs-dilaton(radion) system is
distinctly different from the earlier studies based on the $T_{~\mu}^\mu$ with
the unbroken subgroup $H_{\rm SM} \equiv SU(3)_c \times U(1)_{\rm em}$ of
$G_{\rm SM}$. After electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB), the SM Higgs boson
and dilaton(radion) will mix with each other, and there appear two Higgs-like
scalar bosons and the Higgs-dilaton mixing changes the scalar phenomenology in
interesting ways. The signal strengths for the $gg$-initiated channels could be
modified significantly compared with the SM predictions due to the QCD scale
anomaly and the Higgs-dilaton(radion) mixing, whereas anomaly contributions are
almost negligible for other channels. We also discuss the self-couplings and
the signal strengths of the $126$ GeV scalar boson in various channels and
possible constraints from the extra light/heavy scalar boson. The
Higgs-dilaton(radion) system considered in this work has a number of
distinctive features that could be tested by the upcoming LHC running and at
the ILC.Comment: Minor corrections, including a few new figures, version appearing in
  Physics Letters
Measurement of the $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section as a function of
  jet multiplicity and jet transverse momentum in 7 TeV proton-proton
  collisions with the ATLAS detector

The $t\bar{t}$ production cross-section dependence on jet multiplicity and
jet transverse momentum is reported for proton--proton collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV in the single-lepton channel. The data were
collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and
comprise the full 2011 data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
4.6 fb$^{-1}$. Differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the
jet multiplicity for up to eight jets using jet transverse momentum thresholds
of 25, 40, 60, and 80 GeV, and as a function of jet transverse momentum up to
the fifth jet. The results are shown after background subtraction and
corrections for all detector effects, within a kinematic range closely matched
to the experimental acceptance. Several QCD-based Monte Carlo models are
compared with the results. Sensitivity to the parton shower modelling is found
at the higher jet multiplicities, at high transverse momentum of the leading
jet and in the transverse momentum spectrum of the fifth leading jet. The
MC@NLO+HERWIG MC is found to predict too few events at higher jet
multiplicities.Comment: 52 pages plus author list + cover pages (75 pages total), 17 figures,
  13 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2012-03
The Extended Thermodynamic Properties of Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS spaces

We investigate the extended thermodynamic properties of higher-dimensional
Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS spaces where a cosmological constant is treated as a
pressure. We find a general form for thermodynamic volumes of Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS
black holes for arbitrary dimensions. Interestingly, it is found that the
Taub-NUT-AdS metric has a thermodynamically stable range when the total number
of dimensions is a multiple of 4 (4, 8, 12, ...). We also explore their phase
structure and find the first order phase transition holds for
higher-dimensional cases.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, references added, version to
  appear in PL
Deep inelastic scattering in improved lattice QCD; 2, the second moment of structure functions

In this paper we present the 1-loop perturbative computation of the renormalization constants and mixing coefficients of the lattice quark operators of rank three whose hadronic elements enter in the determination of the second moment of Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) structure functions. We have employed in our calculations the nearest-neighbor improved ``clover-leaf'' lattice QCD action. The interest of using this action in Monte Carlo simulations lies in the fact that all terms which in the continuum limit are effectively of order a (a being the lattice spacing) have been demonstrated to be absent from on-shell hadronic lattice matrix elements. We have limited our computations to the quenched case, in which quark operators do not mix with gluon operators. We have studied the transformation properties under the hypercubic group of the operators up to the rank five (which are related to moments up to the fourth of DIS structure functions), and we discuss the choice of the operators considered in this paper together with the feasibility of lattice computations for operators of higher ranks. To perform the huge amount of calculations required for the evaluation of all the relevant Feynman diagrams, we have extensively used the symbolic manipulation languages Schoonschip and Form
Critical RSOS and Minimal Models I: Paths, Fermionic Algebras and
  Virasoro Modules

We consider sl(2) minimal conformal field theories on a cylinder from a
lattice perspective. To each allowed one-dimensional configuration path of the
A_L Restricted Solid-on-Solid (RSOS) models we associate a physical state |h>
and a monomial in a finite fermionic algebra. The orthonormal states produced
by the action of these monomials on the primary states generate finite Virasoro
modules with dimensions given by the finitized Virasoro characters
$\chi^{(N)}_h(q)$. These finitized characters are the generating functions for
the double row transfer matrix spectra of the critical RSOS models. We argue
that a general energy-preserving bijection exists between the one-dimensional
configuration paths and the eigenstates of these transfer matrices and exhibit
this bijection for the critical and tricritical Ising models in the vacuum
sector. Our results extend to Z_{L-1} parafermion models by duality
Alpha Cygnids: a possible July minor meteor shower

We present a comprehensive study of a possible $\alpha$-Cygnid meteor shower. Based on visual and telescopic observations made by Polish observers we estimate basic parameters of the stream. Activity of $\alpha$-Cygnids lasts from around June 30 to July 31 with clear maximum near July 16-17 (solar longitude $\lambda_\odot=116.5^\circ$). Maximal Zenithal Hourly Rates (ZHRs) are equal to $3.6\pm1.2$. The structure of the radiant analyzed by {\sc radiant} software is most compact for geocentric velocity of the events equal to 41 km/s, and for the drift of the radiant (in units $^\circ$/day) equal to of maximum is $\alpha=302.5^\circ$ $\delta=+46.3^\circ$.We derive population index $r$ equal to $2.55\pm0.14$ from magnitude distribution of 738 possible members of the stream. Comparing the veloctity distributions of 754 possible tests we conclude that both distributions are different with probability very close to 1.0. Telescopic observations strictly confirm the results obtained from visual observations. The smallest values of $\chi^2$ parameter we obtained for the geocentric velocity equal to 40 km/s and for the drift of the radiant (in units $^\circ$/day) equal to $\Delta\alpha=+0.6$ $\Delta\delta=+0.2$. The center of the radiant for moment of maximum is $\alpha=304.9^\circ$ $\delta=+46.2^\circ$. In spite of making many photographic exposures we still have no photographic or video confirmation of the existence of this stream
QCD studies in $e^{+}e^{-}$ annihilation from 30 GeV to 189 GeV

We present results obtained from a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at various centre-of-mass energies.The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are measured from 30 GeV to 189 GeV and compared with various QCD models. The energy dependence of the moments of event shape variables is used to test a power law ansatz for the non-perturbativecomponent. We obtain a universal value of the non-perturbative parameter$\alpha_{0}$ = 0.537 $\pm$ 0.073. From a comparison with resummed$\cal{O}We present results obtained from a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at various centre-of-mass energies. The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are measured from 30GeV to 189GeV and compared with various QCD models. The energy dependence of the moments of event shape variables is used to test a power law ansatz for the non-perturbative component. We obtain a universal value of the non-perturbative parameter alpha_0 = 0.537 +/- 0.073. From a comparison with resummed O(alpha_s^2) QCD calculations, we determine the strong coupling constant at each of the selected energies. The measurements demonstrate the running of alpha_s as expected in QCD with a value of alpha_s(m_Z) = 0.1215 +/- 0.0012 (exp) +/- 0.0061 (th).We present results obtained from a study of the structure of hadronic events recorded by the L3 detector at various centre-of-mass energies. The distributions of event shape variables and the energy dependence of their mean values are measured from 30 GeV to 189 GeV and compared with various QCD models. The energy dependence of the moments of event shape variables is used to test a power law ansatz for the non-perturbative component. We obtain a universal value of the non-perturbative parameter α 0 = 0.537 ± 0.073. From a comparison with resummed O ( α s 2 ) QCD calculations, we determine the strong coupling constant at each of the selected energies. The measurements demonstrate the running of α s as expected in QCD with a value of α s ( m Z ) = 0.1215 ± 0.0012 (exp) ± 0.0061 (th)
Low noise temperature control: application to an active cavity radiometer

We have designed low noise temperature sensing and control units with the objective of using them for the fabrication of far infrared active cavity radiometers. The sensing unit, first characterized at 300K using industrial platinium resistance thermometers, has a noise level of 25E-6 to 30E-6 Keff for a 3 hours measuring time and in a 1Hz bandwidth. Using YBCO superconducting thermometers, the noise level goes down to 2.5E-6 Keff, which is strongly limited by excess 1/f noise in the YBCO film at the superconducting transition. The sample holder used in the 90K experiments is built with an auxiliary heating resistor, which enables an easy and accurate identification of the electrothermal model, even in the closed loop operation. Based on a design previously published by NIST, we estimate from these experimental results that the overall noise limitations of radiometers could be lowered by one order of magnitude
Interacting Fields of Arbitrary Spin and N>4 Supersymmetric Self-dual
  Yang-Mills Equations

We show that the self-dual Yang-Mills equations afford supersymmetrisation to
systems of equations invariant under global N-extended super-Poincar\'e
transformations for arbitrary values of N, without the limitation (N\le 4)
applicable to standard non-self-dual Yang-Mills theories. These systems of
equations provide novel classically consistent interactions for vector
supermultiplets containing fields of spin up to (N-2)/2. The equations of
motion for the component fields of spin greater than 1/2 are interacting
variants of the first-order Dirac--Fierz equations for zero rest-mass fields of
arbitrary spin. The interactions are governed by conserved currents which are
constructed by an iterative procedure. In (arbitrarily extended) chiral
superspace, the equations of motion for the (arbitrarily large) self-dual
supermultiplet are shown to be completely equivalent to the set of algebraic
supercurvature constraints defining the self-dual superconnection.Comment: 25 pages, latex fil
On form-preserving transformations for the time-dependent Schr\"odinger
  equation

In this paper we point out a close connection between the Darboux
transformation and the group of point transformations which preserve the form
of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE). In our main result, we
prove that any pair of time-dependent real potentials related by a Darboux
transformation for the TDSE may be transformed by a suitable point
transformation into a pair of time-independent potentials related by a usual
Darboux transformation for the stationary Schr\"odinger equation. Thus, any
(real) potential solvable via a time-dependent Darboux transformation can
alternatively be solved by applying an appropriate form-preserving
transformation of the TDSE to a time-independent potential. The preeminent role
of the latter type of transformations in the solution of the TDSE is
illustrated with a family of quasi-exactly solvable time-dependent anharmonic
potentials.Comment: LaTeX2e (with amsmath, amssymb, amscd, cite packages), 11 page
Instantaneous Spreading and Einstein Causality in Quantum Theory

In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics the wave-function of a free particle
which initially is in a finite volume immediately spreads to infinity. In a
nonrelativistic theory this is of no concern, but we show that the same
instantaneous spreading can occur in relativistic quantum theory and that
transition probabilities in widely separated systems may instantaneously become
nonzero. We discuss how this affects Einstein causality.Comment: Talk given at the workshop Superluminal (?) Velocities, Cologne, June
  6-10, 1998. To appear in Annalen der Physi
Special Geometry of Calabi-Yau Compactifications Near a Rigid Limit

We discuss, in the framework of special Kahler geometry, some aspects of the "rigid limit" of type IIB string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold. We outline the general idea and demonstrate by direct analysis of a specific example how this limit is obtained. The decoupling of gravity and the reduction of special Kahler geometry from local to rigid is demonstrated explicitly, without first going to a noncompact approximation of the Calabi-Yau. In doing so, we obtain the Seiberg-Witten Riemann surfaces corresponding to different rigid limits as degenerating branches of a higher genus Riemann surface, defined for all values of the moduli. Apart from giving a nice geometrical picture, this allows one to calculate easily some gravitational corrections to e.g. the Seiberg-Witten central charge formula. We make some connections to the 2/5-brane picture, also away from the rigid limit, though only at the formal level.Physic
Single neutral pion production by charged-current $\bar{\nu}_\mu$
  interactions on hydrocarbon at $\langle E_\nu \rangle = $ 3.6 GeV

Single neutral pion production via muon antineutrino charged-current
interactions in plastic scintillator (CH) is studied using the \minerva
detector exposed to the NuMI low-energy, wideband antineutrino beam at
Fermilab. Measurement of this process constrains models of neutral pion
production in nuclei, which is important because the neutral-current analog is
a background for $\bar{\nu}_e$ appearance oscillation experiments. The
differential cross sections for $\pi^0$ momentum and production angle, for
events with a single observed $\pi^0$ and no charged pions, are presented and
compared to model predictions. These results comprise the first measurement of
the $\pi^0$ kinematics for this process.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physics Letters
Measurement of the Doubly-Polarized $\vec{{^3}He}(\vec{\gamma},n)pp$
  Reaction at 16.5 MeV and Its Implications for the GDH Sum Rule

We report new measurements of the doubly-polarized photodisintegration of
$^3$He at an incident photon energy of 16.5 MeV, carried out at the High
Intensity $\gamma$-ray Source (HI$\gamma$S) facility located at Triangle
Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL). The spin-dependent double-differential
cross sections and the contribution from the three--body channel to the
Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) integrand were extracted and compared with the
state-of-the-art three--body calculations. The calculations, which include the
Coulomb interaction and are in good agreement with the results of previous
measurements at 12.8 and 14.7 MeV, can no longer describe the cross section
results at 16.5 MeV. The GDH integrand was found to be about one standard
deviation larger than the maximum value predicted by the theories.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Scaling laws to understand tidal dissipation in fluid planetary regions
  and stars I - Rotation, stratification and thermal diffusivity

Tidal dissipation in planets and stars is one of the key physical mechanisms
driving the evolution of star-planet and planet-moon systems. Several
signatures of its action are observed in planetary systems thanks to their
orbital architecture and the rotational state of their components. Tidal
dissipation inside the fluid layers of celestial bodies are intrinsically
linked to the dynamics and the physical properties of the latter. This complex
dependence must be characterized. We compute the tidal kinetic energy
dissipated by viscous friction and thermal diffusion in a rotating local fluid
Cartesian section of a star/planet/moon submitted to a periodic tidal forcing.
The properties of tidal gravito-inertial waves excited by the perturbation are
derived analytically as explicit functions of the tidal frequency and local
fluid parameters (i.e. the rotation, the buoyancy frequency characterizing the
entropy stratification, viscous and thermal diffusivities) for periodic normal
modes. The sensitivity of the resulting possibly highly resonant dissipation
frequency-spectra to a control parameter of the system is either important or
negligible depending on the position in the regime diagram relevant for
planetary and stellar interiors. For corresponding asymptotic behaviors of
tidal gravito-inertial waves dissipated by viscous friction and thermal
diffusion, scaling laws for the frequencies, number, width, height and contrast
with the non-resonant background of resonances are derived to quantify these
variations. We characterize the strong impact of the internal physics and
dynamics of fluid planetary layers and stars on the dissipation of tidal
kinetic energy in their bulk. We point out the key control parameters that
really play a role and demonstrate how it is now necessary to develop ab-initio
modeling for tidal dissipation in celestial bodies.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Search for supersymmetry in the vector-boson fusion topology in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The first search for supersymmetry in the vector-boson fusion topology is
presented. The search targets final states with at least two leptons, large
missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large separation in rapidity.
The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse
femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the
CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The observed dijet invariant mass spectrum is
found to be consistent with the expected standard model prediction. Upper
limits are set on the cross sections for chargino and neutralino production
with two associated jets, assuming the supersymmetric partner of the tau lepton
to be the lightest slepton and the lightest slepton to be lighter than the
charginos. For a so-called compressed-mass-spectrum scenario in which the mass
difference between the lightest supersymmetric particle and the next lightest,
mass-degenerate, gaugino particles is 50 GeV, a mass lower limit of 170 GeV is
set for these latter two particles.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. All
  figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-14-005/index.htm
Practicality Issues in Using Fuzzy Approaches for Aggregating Students? Academic Performance

Evaluation of student academic performance is one of the most important parts of the educational process. It has to be done for several important reasons. It also has to provide an evaluation in the form of score or grade that is interpretable by most people especially students, teachers, parents, employers and policy planners. The use of fuzzy approaches to perform student performance evaluation appears very appealing because of the use of natural language in representing the level of performance. However, in spite of such advantages, the existing proposed fuzzy approaches have not yet made any significant impact on the current evaluation systems. This paper presents a brief overview of evaluation of students? performance using fuzzy approaches and discusses the main issues regarding the practicality of using such approaches for aggregating students? academic performancepublishersversionPeer reviewe