pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Emergent gravity from Eguchi-Kawai reduction

Holographic theories with a local gravitational dual have a number of
striking features. Here I argue that many of these features are controlled by
the Eguchi-Kawai mechanism, which is proposed to be a hallmark of such
holographic theories. Higher-spin holographic duality is presented as a failure
of the Eguchi-Kawai mechanism, and its restoration illustrates the deformation
of higher-spin theory into a proper string theory with a local gravitational
limit. AdS/CFT is used to provide a calculable extension of the Eguchi-Kawai
mechanism to field theories on curved manifolds and thereby introduce
"topological volume independence." Finally, I discuss implications for a
general understanding of the extensivity of the Bekenstein-Hawking-Wald
entropy.Comment: 29 pages plus appendices, v2-v3: references added and typos correcte
On the Semi-Classical Limit of Scalar Products of the XXZ Spin Chain

We study the scalar products between Bethe states in the XXZ spin chain with
anisotropy $|\Delta|>1$ in the semi-classical limit where the length of the
spin chain and the number of magnons tend to infinity with their ratio kept
finite and fixed. Our method is a natural yet non-trivial generalization of
similar methods developed for the XXX spin chain. The final result can be
written in a compact form as a contour integral in terms of Faddeev's quantum
dilogarithm function, which in the isotropic limit reduces to the classical
dilogarithm function.Comment: references added, journal versio
Whirling orbits around twirling black holes from conformal symmetry

Dynamics in the throat of rapidly rotating Kerr black holes is governed by an
emergent near-horizon conformal symmetry. The throat contains unstable circular
orbits at radii extending from the ISCO down to the light ring. We show that
they are related by conformal transformations to physical plunges and
osculating trajectories. These orbits have angular momentum arbitrarily higher
than that of ISCO. Using the conformal symmetry we compute analytically the
radiation produced by the physical orbits. We also present a simple formula for
the full self-force on such trajectories in terms of the self-force on circular
orbits.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Anomalous electrodynamics of neutral pion matter in strong magnetic
  fields

The ground state of quantum chromodynamics in sufficiently strong external
magnetic fields and at moderate baryon chemical potential is a chiral soliton
lattice (CSL) of neutral pions. We investigate the interplay between the CSL
structure and dynamical electromagnetic fields. Our main result is that in
presence of the CSL background, the two physical photon polarizations and the
neutral pion mix, giving rise to two gapped excitations and one gapless mode
with a nonrelativistic dispersion relation. The nature of this mode depends on
the direction of its propagation, interpolating between a circularly polarized
electromagnetic wave and a neutral pion surface wave, which in turn arises from
the spontaneously broken translation invariance. Quite remarkably, there is a
neutral-pion-like mode that remains gapped even in the chiral limit, in seeming
contradiction to the Goldstone theorem. Finally, we have a first look at the
effect of thermal fluctuations of the CSL, showing that even the soft
nonrelativistic excitation does not lead to the Landau-Peierls instability.
However, it leads to an anomalous contribution to pressure that scales with
temperature and magnetic field as $T^{5/2}(B/f_\pi)^{3/2}$.Comment: 1+22 page
Orbifold Reduction and 2d (0,2) Gauge Theories

We introduce Orbifold Reduction, a new method for generating $2d$ $(0,2)$
gauge theories associated to D1-branes probing singular toric Calabi-Yau
4-folds starting from $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories on D3-branes probing
toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The new procedure generalizes dimensional reduction
and orbifolding. In terms of T-dual configurations, it generates brane brick
models starting from brane tilings. Orbifold reduction provides an agile
approach for generating $2d$ $(0,2)$ theories with a brane realization. We
present three practical applications of the new algorithm: the connection
between $4d$ Seiberg duality and $2d$ triality, a combinatorial method for
generating theories related by triality and a $2d$ $(0,2)$ generalization of
the Klebanov-Witten mass deformation.Comment: 32 pages, 25 figure
Soft-Collinear Supersymmetry

Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) is a framework for modeling the
infrared structure of theories whose long distance behavior is dominated by
soft and collinear divergences. This paper demonstrates that SCET can be made
compatible with supersymmetry (SUSY). Explicitly, the effective Lagrangian for
$\mathcal{N} = 1$ SUSY Yang-Mills is constructed and shown to be a complete
description for the infrared of this model. For contrast, we also construct the
effective Lagrangian for chiral SUSY theories with Yukawa couplings,
specifically the single flavor Wess-Zumino model. Only a subset of the infrared
divergences are reproduced by the Lagrangian -- to account for the complete low
energy description requires the inclusion of local operators. SCET is
formulated by expanding fields along a light-like direction and then
subsequently integrating out degrees-of-freedom that are away from the
light-cone. Defining the theory with respect to a specific frame obfuscates
Lorentz invariance -- given that SUSY is a space-time symmetry, this presents a
possible obstruction. The cleanest language with which to expose the congruence
between SUSY and SCET requires exploring two novel formalisms: collinear
fermions as two-component Weyl spinors, and SCET in light-cone gauge. By
expressing SUSY Yang-Mills in "collinear superspace", a slice of superspace
derived by integrating out half the fermionic coordinates, the light-cone gauge
SUSY SCET theory can be written in terms of superfields. As a byproduct,
bootstrapping up to the full theory yields the first algorithmic approach for
determining the SUSY Yang-Mills on-shell superspace action. This work paves the
way toward discovering the effective theory for the collinear limit of
$\mathcal{N} = 4$ SUSY Yang-Mills.Comment: v2: Journal version; major improvements to section on the Wess-Zumino
  model; minor changes otherwis
Sizable NSI from the $SU(2)_L$ scalar doublet-singlet mixing and the
  implications in DUNE

We propose a novel and simple mechanism where sizable effects of non-standard
interactions (NSI) in neutrino propagation are induced from the mixing between
an electrophilic second Higgs doublet and a charged singlet. The mixing arises
from a dimensionful coupling of the scalar doublet and singlet to the standard
model Higgs boson. In light of the small mass, the light mass eigenstate from
the doublet-singlet mixing can generate much larger NSI than those induced by
the heavy eigenstate. We show that a sizable NSI $\varepsilon_{e\tau}$ ($\sim
0.3$) can be attained without being excluded by a variety of experimental
constraints. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NSI can mimic effects of the
Dirac CP phase in the neutrino mixing matrix but they can potentially be
disentangled by future long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as the Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE).Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures. V3: version accepted by JHE
Remarks on Non-BPS String Amplitudes and Their All Order $\alpha'$
  Contact Interactions in IIB, IIA

We explore the entire form of S-Matrix elements of a potential $C_{n-1}$
Ramond-Ramond (RR) form field, a tachyon and two transverse scalar fields on
both world volume and transverse directions of type IIB and IIA superstring
theories. Apart from $<V_{C^{-2}}V_{\phi^{0}}V_{\phi ^{0}}V_{T ^{0}}>$ the
other scattering amplitude, namely $<V_{C^{-1}}V_{\phi^{-1}}V_{\phi ^{0}}V_{T
^{0}}>$ is also revealed. We then start to compare all singularity structures
of symmetric and asymmetric analysis, generating all infinite singularity
structures as well as all order $\alpha'$ contact interactions on the whole
directions. This leads to deriving various new contact terms and several new
restricted Bianchi identities in both type IIB and IIA. It is also shown that
just some of the new couplings of type IIB (IIA) string theory can be
re-verified in an Effective Field Theory (EFT) by pull-back of branes. To
construct the rest of S-matrix elements one needs to first derive restricted
world volume (or bulk) Bianchi identities and then discover new EFT couplings
in both type IIB and IIA. Finally the presence of commutator of scalar fields
inside the exponential of Wess-Zumino action for non-BPS branes has been
confirmed as well.Comment: 17 pages, no figure, Latex files. v2 : CP factors are explained ,
  clarifications added and typos are removed. To appear in JHE
Revisiting fine-tuning in the MSSM

We evaluate the amount of fine-tuning in constrained versions of the minimal
supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), with different boundary conditions at the
GUT scale. Specifically we study the fully constrained version as well as the
cases of non-universal Higgs and gaugino masses. We allow for the presence of
additional non-holomorphic soft-terms which we show further relax the
fine-tuning. Of particular importance is the possibility of a Higgsino mass
term and we discuss possible origins for such a term in UV complete models. We
point out that loop corrections typically lead to a reduction in the
fine-tuning by a factor of about two compared to the estimate at tree-level,
which has been overlooked in many recent works. Taking these loop corrections
into account, we discuss the impact of current limits from SUSY searches and
dark matter on the fine-tuning. Contrary to common lore, we find that the MSSM
fine-tuning can be as small as 10 while remaining consistent with all
experimental constraints. If, in addition, the dark matter abundance is fully
explained by the neutralino LSP, the fine-tuning can still be as low as $\sim$
20 in the presence of additional non-holomorphic soft-terms. We also discuss
future prospects of these models and find that the MSSM will remain natural
even in the case of a non-discovery in the foreseeable future.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures; v2: added references, matches published versio
Dichroic subjettiness ratios to distinguish colour flows in boosted
  boson tagging

$N$-subjettiness ratios are in wide use for tagging heavy boosted objects, in
particular the ratio of 2-subjettiness to 1-subjettiness for tagging boosted
electroweak bosons. In this article we introduce a new, \emph{dichroic} ratio,
which uses different regions of a jet to determine the two subjettiness
measures, emphasising the hard substructure for the 1-subjettiness and the full
colour radiation pattern for the 2-subjettiness. Relative to existing
$N$-subjettiness ratios, the dichroic extension, combined with SoftDrop
(pre-)grooming, makes it possible to increase the ultimate signal significance
by about $25\%$ (for $2\,\text{TeV}$ jets), or to reduce non-perturbative
effects by a factor of $2{-}3$ at $50\%$ signal efficiency while maintaining
comparable background rejection. We motivate the dichroic approach through the
study of Lund diagrams, supplemented with resummed analytical calculations.Comment: 42 pages, 17 figure
Circular Wilson loops in defect Conformal Field Theory

We study a D3-D5 system dual to a conformal field theory with a
codimension-one defect that separates regions where the ranks of the gauge
groups differ by $k$. With the help of this additional parameter, as observed
by Nagasaki, Tanida and Yamaguchi, one can define a double scaling limit in
which the quantum corrections are organized in powers of $\lambda/k^2$, which
should allow to extrapolate results between weak and strong coupling regimes.
In particular we consider a radius $R$ circular Wilson loop placed at a
distance $L$, whose internal space orientation is given by an angle $\chi$. We
compute its vacuum expectation value and show that, in the double scaling limit
and for small $\chi$ and small $L/R$, weak coupling results can be extrapolated
to the strong coupling limit.Comment: 24 page
Chirality oscillation of primordial gravitational waves during inflation

We show that if the gravitational Chern-Simons term couples to a massive
scalar field ($m>H$), the primordial gravitational waves (GWs) will show itself
the chirality oscillation, i.e., the amplitudes of the left- and right-handed
GWs modes will convert into each other and oscillate in their propagations.
This oscillation will eventually develop a permanent difference of the
amplitudes of both modes, which leads to nearly opposite oscillating shapes in
the power spectra of the left- and right-handed primordial GWs. We discuss its
implication to the CMB B-mode polarization.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures; published version in JHEP; one figure added;
  references and comments adde
Cornering Compressed Gluino at the LHC

We discuss collider search strategies of gluinos which are highly degenerate
with the lightest neutralino in mass. This scenario is fairly difficult to
probe with conventional search strategies at colliders, and thus may provide a
hideaway of supersymmetry. Moreover, such a high degeneracy plays an important
role in dark matter physics as the relic abundance of the lightest neutralino
is significantly reduced via coannihilation. In this paper, we discuss ways of
uncovering this scenario with the help of longevity of gluinos; if the mass
difference between the lightest neutralino and gluino is $\lesssim 100$ GeV and
squarks are heavier than gluino, then the decay length of the gluino tends to
be of the order of the detector-size scale. Such gluinos can be explored in the
searches of displaced vertices, disappearing tracks, and anomalously large
energy deposit by (meta)stable massive charged particles. We find that these
searches are complementary to each other, and by combining their results we may
probe a wide range of the compressed gluino region in the LHC experiments.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure
N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory on connected sums of $S^2\times S^2$

We construct 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ theories on an infinite family of 4D toric
manifolds with the topology of connected sums of $S^2 \times S^2$. These
theories are constructed through the dimensional reduction along a non-trivial
$U(1)$-fiber of 5D theories on toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. We discuss the
conditions under which such reductions can be carried out and give a partial
classification result of the resulting 4D manifolds. We calculate the partition
functions of these 4D theories and they involve both instanton and
anti-instanton contributions, thus generalizing Pestun's famous result on
$S^4$.Comment: 49 pages, refs added, the final version to appear in JHE
Perspectives for Detecting Lepton Flavour Violation in Left-Right
  Symmetric Models

We investigate lepton flavour violation in a class of minimal left-right
symmetric models where the left-right symmetry is broken by triplet scalars. In
this context we present a method to consistently calculate the triplet-Yukawa
couplings which takes into account the experimental data while simultaneously
respecting the underlying symmetries. Analysing various scenarios, we then
calculate the full set of tree-level and one-loop contributions to all
radiative and three-body flavour-violating fully leptonic decays as well as
$\mu-e$ conversion in nuclei. Our method illustrates how these processes depend
on the underlying parameters of the theory. To that end we observe that, for
many choices of the model parameters, there is a strong complementarity between
the different observables. For instance, in a large part of the parameter
space, lepton flavour violating $\tau$-decays have a large enough branching
ratio to be measured in upcoming experiments. Our results further show that
experiments coming online in the immediate future, like Mu3e and BELLE II, or
longer-term, such as PRISM/PRIME, will probe significant portions of the
currently allowed parameter space.Comment: 49 pages, 19 figures; references added, the discussion in appendix A
  has been extended, matches published version in JHE
Effective field theory, electric dipole moments and electroweak
  baryogenesis

Negative searches for permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) heavily
constrain models of baryogenesis utilising various higher dimensional charge
and parity violating (CPV) operators. Using effective field theory, we create a
model independent connection between these EDM constraints and the baryon
asymmetry of the universe (BAU) produced during a strongly first order
electroweak phase transition. The thermal aspects of the high scale physics
driving the phase transition are paramaterised by the usual kink solution for
the bubble wall profile. We find that operators involving derivatives of the
Higgs field yield CPV contributions to the BAU containing derivatives of the
Higgs vev, while non-derivative operators lack such contributions.
Consequently, derivative operators cannot be eliminated in terms of
non-derivative operators (via the equations of motion) if one is agnostic to
the new physics that leads to the phase transition. Thus, we re-classify the
independent dimension six operators, restricting ourselves to third generation
quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs. Finally, we calculate the BAU (as a
function of the bubble wall width and the cutoff) for a derivative and a
non-derivative operator, and relate it to the EDM constraints.Comment: 22 pages, incl. 2 figures + 2 tables (revised for submission
Emergent Gravity in Spaces of Constant Curvature

In physical theories where the energy (action) is localized near a
submanifold of a constant curvature space, there is a universal expression for
the energy (or the action). We derive a multipole expansion for the energy that
has a finite number of terms, and depends on intrinsic geometric invariants of
the submanifold and extrinsic invariants of the embedding of the submanifold.
This is the second of a pair of articles in which we try to develop a theory of
emergent gravity arising from the embedding of a submanifold into an ambient
space equipped with a quantum field theory. Our theoretical method requires a
generalization of a formula due to by Hermann Weyl. While the first paper
discussed the framework in Euclidean (Minkowski) space, here we discuss how
this framework generalizes to spaces of constant sectional curvature. We focus
primarily on anti de Sitter space. We then discuss how such a theory can give
rise to a cosmological constant and Planck mass that are within reasonable
bounds of the experimental values.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Boundary Weyl anomaly of $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal models

We calculate the trace and axial anomalies of $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$
superconformal theories with exactly marginal deformations, on a surface with
boundary. Extending recent work by Gomis et al, we derive the boundary
contribution that captures the anomalous scale dependence of the one-point
functions of exactly marginal operators. Integration of the bulk super-Weyl
anomaly shows that the sphere partition function computes the K\"ahler
potential $K(\lambda, \bar\lambda)$ on the superconformal manifold. Likewise,
our results confirm the conjecture that the partition function on the
supersymmetric hemisphere computes the holomorphic central charge,
$c^\Omega(\lambda)$, associated with the boundary condition $\Omega$. The
boundary entropy, given by a ratio of hemispheres and sphere, is therefore
fully determined by anomalies.Comment: 24 page
SU(5) Unification with TeV-scale Leptoquarks

It was previously noted that SU(5) unification can be achieved via the simple
addition of light scalar leptoquarks from two split $\bf10$ multiplets. We
explore the parameter space of this model in detail and find that unification
requires at least one leptoquark to have mass below $\approx16\,$TeV. We point
out that introducing splitting of the $\bf24$ allows the unification scale to
be raised beyond $10^{16}$ GeV, while a U(1)$_{PQ}$ symmetry can be imposed to
forbid dangerous proton decay mediated by the light leptoquarks. The latest
bounds from LHC searches are combined and we find that a leptoquark as light as
400 GeV is still permitted. Finally, we discuss the interesting possibility
that the leptoquarks required for unification could also be responsible for the
$2.6\sigma$ deviation observed in the ratio $R_K$ at LHCb.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Nonlinear (Super)Symmetries and Amplitudes

There is an increasing interest in nonlinear supersymmetries in cosmological
model building. Independently, elegant expressions for the all-tree amplitudes
in models with nonlinear symmetries, like D3 brane
Dirac-Born-Infeld-Volkov-Akulov theory, were recently discovered. Using the
generalized background field method we show how, in general, nonlinear
symmetries of the action, bosonic and fermionic, constrain amplitudes beyond
soft limits. The same identities control, for example, bosonic E_{7(7)} scalar
sector symmetries as well as the fermionic goldstino symmetries.
  We present a universal derivation of the vanishing amplitudes in the single
(bosonic or fermionic) soft limit. We explain why, universally, the double-soft
limit probes the coset space algebra. We also provide identities describing the
multiple-soft limit. We discuss loop corrections to N\geq 5 supergravity, to
the D3 brane, and the UV completion of constrained multiplets in string theory.Comment: 29
LHCb anomalies from a natural perspective

Tension between the Standard Model (SM) and data concerning $b \rightarrow s$
processes has become apparent. Most notoriously, concerning the $R_K$ ratio,
which probes lepton non-universality in $b$ decays, and measurements involving
the decays $B \rightarrow K^* \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $B_s \rightarrow \phi \mu^+
\mu^-$. Careful analysis of a wide range of $b \rightarrow s$ data shows that
certain kinds of new physics can significantly ameliorate agreement with
experiment. Here, we show that these $b \rightarrow s$ anomalies can be
naturally accommodated in the context of Natural Scherk-Schwarz Theories of the
Weak Scale -- a class of models designed to address the hierarchy problem. No
extra states need to be introduced in order to accommodate these anomalies, and
the assumptions required regarding flavor violating couplings are very mild.
Moreover, the structure of the theory makes sharp predictions regarding $B$
meson decays into final states including $\tau^+ \tau^-$ pairs, which will
provide a future test of these models.Comment: 14 pages plus appendices, 3 figures; references added, published in
  JHE
Hyperscaling-Violating Lifshitz hydrodynamics from black-holes: Part II

The derivation of Lifshitz-invariant hydrodynamics from holography, presented
in [arXiv:1508.02494] is generalized to arbitrary hyperscaling violating
Lifshitz scaling theories with an unbroken U(1) symmetry. The hydrodynamics
emerging is non-relativistic with scalar "forcing". By a redefinition of the
pressure it becomes standard non-relativistic hydrodynamics in the presence of
specific chemical potential for the mass current. The hydrodynamics is
compatible with the scaling theory of Lifshitz invariance with hyperscaling
violation. The bulk viscosity vanishes while the shear viscosity to entropy
ratio is the same as in the relativistic case. We also consider the dimensional
reduction ansatz for the hydrodynamics and clarify the difference with previous
results suggesting a non-vanishing bulk viscosity.Comment: 52 pages, v2: published version, many minor misprints corrected, 55
  page
All $(4,1)$: Sigma Models with $(4,q)$ Off-Shell Supersymmetry

Off-shell $(4,q)$ supermultiplets in 2-dimensions are constructed for
$q=1,2,4$. These are used to construct sigma models whose target spaces are
hyperk\"ahler with torsion. The off-shell supersymmetry implies the three
complex structures are simultaneously integrable and allows us to construct
actions using extended superspace and projective superspace, giving an explicit
construction of the target space geometries.Comment: 32 pages, 1 figure, References, comments and an additional example
  adde