pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Up, down, strange and charm quark masses with Nf = 2+1+1 twisted mass
  lattice QCD

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the up, down, strange and charm quark
masses performed using the gauge configurations produced by the European
Twisted Mass Collaboration with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical quarks, which include
in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and
charm quarks with masses close to their physical values. The simulations are
based on a unitary setup for the two light quarks and on a mixed action
approach for the strange and charm quarks. The analysis uses data at three
values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range 210 - 450 MeV,
allowing for accurate continuum limit and controlled chiral extrapolation. The
quark mass renormalization is carried out non-perturbatively using the RI-MOM
method. The results for the quark masses converted to the bar{MS} scheme are:
mud(2 GeV) = 3.70(17) MeV, ms(2 GeV) = 99.6(4.3) MeV and mc(mc) = 1.348(46)
GeV. We obtain also the quark mass ratios ms/mud = 26.66(32) and mc/ms =
11.62(16). By studying the mass splitting between the neutral and charged kaons
and using available lattice results for the electromagnetic contributions, we
evaluate mu/md = 0.470(56), leading to mu = 2.36(24) MeV and md = 5.03(26) MeV.Comment: 61 pages, 22 figures, 21 tables. Final version to appear in NP
Lie algebraic discussions for time-inhomogeneous linear birth-death
  processes with immigration

Analytical solutions for time-inhomogeneous linear birth-death processes with
immigration are derived. While time-inhomogeneous linear birth-death processes
without immigration have been studied by using a generating function approach,
the processes with immigration are here analyzed by Lie algebraic discussions.
As a result, a restriction for time-inhomogeneity of the birth-death process is
understood from the viewpoint of the finiteness of the dimensionality of the
Lie algebra.Comment: 12 page
A $U_A(1)$ symmetry restoration scenario supported by the generalized
  Witten-Veneziano relation and its analytic solution

The Witten-Veneziano relation, or, alternatively, its generalization proposed
by Shore, facilitates understanding and describing the complex of eta and eta'
mesons. We present an analytic, closed-form solution to Shore's equations which
gives results on the eta-eta' complex in full agreement with results previously
obtained numerically. Although the Witten-Veneziano relation and Shore's
equations are related, the ways they were previously used in the context of
dynamical models to calculate eta and eta' properties, were rather different.
However, with the analytic solution, the calculation can be formulated
similarly to the approach through the Witten-Veneziano relation, and with some
conceptual improvements. In the process, one strengthens the arguments in favor
of a possible relation between the U_A(1) and SU_A(3) chiral symmetry breaking
and restoration. To test this scenario, the experiments such as those at RHIC,
NICA and FAIR, which extend the RHIC (and LHC) high-temperature scans also to
the finite-density parts of the QCD phase diagram, should pay particular
attention to the signatures from the eta'-eta complex indicating the symmetry
restoration.Comment: elsarticle style, 6 page
Determination of the $b$-quark mass $m_b$ from the angular screening
  effects in the ATLAS $b$-jet shape data

The dependence of jet shapes in $t\bar{t}$ events on the $b$-quark mass and
the strong coupling is investigated. To this end, the Pythia Monte Carlo
generator is used to produce samples of $t\bar{t}$ events in $pp$ collisions at
$\sqrt{s} = 7 \ \mathrm{TeV}$, performing a scan over the values for the shower
QCD scale $\Lambda_s$ and the $b$-quark mass $m_b$. The obtained jet shapes are
compared with recently published data from the ATLAS collaboration. From fits
to the light-jet data, the Monte Carlo shower scale is determined, while the
$b$-quark mass is extracted using the $b$-jet shapes. The result for the mass
of the $b$-quark is $m_b = 4.86 ^{+0.49}_{-0.42}\ \mathrm{GeV}$.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures. Version matching the published versio
On the Time Dependent Oscillator and the Nonlinear Realizations of the
  Virasoro Group

Using the nonlinear realizations of the Virasoro group we construct the
action of the Conformal Quantum Mechanics (CQM) with additional harmonic
potential. We show that $SL(2,R)$ invariance group of this action is
nontrivially embedded in the reparametrization group of the time which is
isomorphic to the centerless Virasoro group. We generalize the consideration to
the Ermakov systems and construct the action for the time dependent oscillator.
Its symmetry group is also the $SL(2,R) \sim SU(1,1)$ group embedded in the
Virasoro group in a more complicated way.Comment: LaTeX, 12 pages, some references adde
Anomalous Magnetic Moment of Electron in Chern-Simons QED

We calculate the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron in the
Chern-Simons theory in 2+1 dimensions with and without a Maxwell term, both at
zero temperature as well as at finite temperature. In the case of the
Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) theory, we find that there is an infrared
divergence, both at zero as well as at finite temperature, when the tree level
Chern-Simons term vanishes, which suggests that a Chern-Simons term is
essential in such theories. At high temperature, the thermal correction in the
MCS theory behaves as $\frac{1}{\beta} \ln \beta M$, where $\beta$ denotes the
inverse temperature and $M$, the Chern-Simons coefficient. On the other hand,
we find no thermal correction to the anomalous magnetic moment in the pure
Chern-Simons (CS) theory.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Group Theoretical Quantization and the Example of a Phase Space $S^{1} \times R^{+}$

The group theoretical quantization scheme is reconsidered by means of elementary systems. Already the quantization of a particle on a circle shows that the standard procedure has to be supplemented by an additional condition on the admissibility of group actions. A systematic strategy for finding admissible group actions for particular subbundles of cotangent spaces is developed, two-dimensional prototypes of which are T^*R^+ and S^1 x R^+ (interpreted as restrictions of T^*R and T^*S^1 to positive coordinate and momentum, respectively). In this framework (and under an additional, natural condition) an SO_+(1,2)-action on S^1 x R^+ results as the unique admissible group action. For symplectic manifolds which are (specific) parts of phase spaces with known quantum theory a simple projection method of quantization is formulated. For T^*R^+ and S^1 x R^+ equivalent results to those of more established (but more involved) quantization schemes are obtained. The approach may be of interest, e.g., in attempts to quantize gravity theories where demanding nondegenerate metrics of a fixed signature imposes similar constraints
Branes and anti-de Sitter spacetimes

We consider a series of duality transformations that leads to a constant
shift in the harmonic functions appearing in the description of a configuration
of branes. This way, for several intersections of branes, we can relate the
original brane configuration which is asymptotically flat to a geometry which
is locally isometric to adS_k x E^l x S^m. These results imply that certain
branes are dual to supersingleton field theories. We also discuss the
implications of our results for supersymmetry enhancement and for supergravity
theories in diverse dimensions.Comment: 6 pages, uses neuchatel.sty (included), contribution to proceedings
  of "Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification",
  Neuchatel, September 18-23, 199
Disruption of TNFα/TNFR1 function in resident skin cells impairs host immune response against cutaneous vaccinia virus infection

One strategy adopted by vaccinia virus (VV) to evade the host immune system is to encode homologs of TNF receptors (TNFR) that block TNFα function. The response to VV skin infection under conditions of TNFα deficiency, however, has not been reported. We found that TNFR1−/− mice developed larger primary lesions, numerous satellite lesions and higher skin virus levels after VV scarification. Following their recovery, these TNFR1−/− mice were fully protected against challenge with a lethal intranasal dose of VV, suggesting these mice developed an effective memory immune response. A functional systemic immune response of TNFR1−/− mice was further demonstrated by enhanced production of VV-specific IFNγ and VV-specific CD8+ T cells in spleens and draining lymph nodes. Interestingly, bone marrow (BM) reconstitution studies using WT BM in TNFR1−/− host mice, but not TNFR1−/− BM in WT host mice, reproduced the original results seen in TNFR1−/− mice, indicating that TNFR1 deficiency in resident skin cells, rather than hematopoietic cells, accounts for the impaired cutaneous immune response. Our data suggest that lack of TNFR1 leads to a skin-specific immune deficiency and that resident skin cells play a crucial role in mediating an optimal immune defense to VV cutaneous infection via TNFα/TNFR1 signaling
Anthocyanins do not influence long-chain n-3 fatty acid status:Studies in cells, rodents and humans

Increased tissue status of the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with cardiovascular and cognitive benefits. Limited epidemiological and animal data suggest that flavonoids, and specifically anthocyanins, may increase EPA and DHA levels, potentially by increasing their synthesis from the shorter-chain n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid. Using complimentary cell, rodent and human studies we investigated the impact of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich foods/extracts on plasma and tissue EPA and DHA levels and on the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), which represents the rate limiting enzymes in EPA and DHA synthesis. In experiment 1, rats were fed a standard diet containing either palm oil or rapeseed oil supplemented with pure anthocyanins for 8 weeks. Retrospective fatty acid analysis was conducted on plasma samples collected from a human randomized controlled trial where participants consumed an elderberry extract for 12 weeks (experiment 2). HepG2 cells were cultured with α-linolenic acid with or without select anthocyanins and their in vivo metabolites for 24 h and 48 h (experiment 3). The fatty acid composition of the cell membranes, plasma and liver tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich food intake had no significant impact on EPA or DHA status or FADS2 gene expression in any model system. These data indicate little impact of dietary anthocyanins on n-3 PUFA distribution and suggest that the increasingly recognized benefits of anthocyanins are unlikely to be the result of a beneficial impact on tissue fatty acid status
Probing $f(R)$ cosmology with sterile neutrinos via measurements of
  scale-dependent growth rate of structure

In this paper, we constrain the dimensionless Compton wavelength parameter
$B_0$ of $f(R)$ gravity as well as the mass of sterile neutrino by using the
cosmic microwave background observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation
surveys, and the linear growth rate measurements. Since both the $f(R)$ model
and the sterile neutrino generally predict scale-dependent growth rates, we
utilize the growth rate data measured in different wavenumber bins with the
theoretical growth rate approximatively scale-independent in each bin. The
employed growth rate data come from the peculiar velocity measurements at $z=0$
in five wavenumber bins, and the redshift space distortions measurements at
$z=0.25$ and $z=0.37$ in one wavenumber bin. By constraining the $f(R)$ model
alone, we get a tight 95\% upper limit of $\log_{10}B_0<-4.1$. This result is
slightly weakened to $\log_{10}B_0<-3.8$ (at 2$\sigma$ level) once we
simultaneously constrain the $f(R)$ model and the sterile neutrino mass, due to
the degeneracy between the parameters of the two. For the massive sterile
neutrino parameters, we get the effective sterile neutrino mass
$m_{\nu,{\rm{sterile}}}^{\rm{eff}}<0.62$ eV (2$\sigma$) and the effective
number of relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}<3.90$ (2$\sigma$) in the $f(R)$
model. As a comparison, we also obtain $m_{\nu,{\rm{sterile}}}^{\rm{eff}}<0.56$
eV (2$\sigma$) and $N_{\rm eff}<3.92$ (2$\sigma$) in the standard $\Lambda$CDM
model.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; revised version accepted for publication in Phys.
  Lett.
Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with two leptons,
  jets, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model in final states
with two opposite-sign same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse
momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.4
inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected
with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2012. The analysis focuses on searches
for a kinematic edge in the invariant mass distribution of the opposite-sign
same-flavor lepton pair and for final states with an on-shell Z boson. The
observations are consistent with expectations from standard model processes and
are interpreted in terms of upper limits on the production of supersymmetric
particles.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
On integrable deformations of superstring sigma models related to AdS_n
  x S^n supercosets

We consider two integrable deformations of 2d sigma models on supercosets
associated with AdS_n x S^n. The first, the "eta-deformation" (based on the
Yang-Baxter sigma model), is a one-parameter generalization of the standard
superstring action on AdS_n x S^n, while the second, the "lambda-deformation"
(based on the deformed gauged WZW model), is a generalization of the
non-abelian T-dual of the AdS_n x S^n superstring. We show that the
eta-deformed model may be obtained from the lambda-deformed one by a special
scaling limit and analytic continuation in coordinates combined with a
particular identification of the parameters of the two models. The relation
between the couplings and deformation parameters is consistent with the
interpretation of the first model as a real quantum deformation and the second
as a root of unity quantum deformation. For the AdS_2 x S^2 case we then
explore the effect of this limit on the supergravity background associated to
the lambda-deformed model. We also suggest that the two models may form a dual
Poisson-Lie pair and provide direct evidence for this in the case of the
integrable deformations of the coset associated with S^2.Comment: v2: comments and references added; v3: new appendix on an alternative
  proposal for the dilaton and minor changes, 28 pages; v4: misprint in (B.7)
  correcte
Few-body calculations of $\eta$-nuclear quasibound states

We report on precise hyperspherical-basis calculations of $\eta NN$ and $\eta
NNN$ quasibound states, using energy dependent $\eta N$ interaction potentials
derived from coupled-channel models of the $S_{11}$ $N^{\ast}(1535)$ nucleon
resonance. The $\eta N$ attraction generated in these models is too weak to
generate a two-body bound state. No $\eta NN$ bound-state solution was found in
our calculations in models where Re $a_{\eta N}\lesssim 1$ fm, with $a_{\eta
N}$ the $\eta N$ scattering length, covering thereby the majority of
$N^{\ast}(1535)$ resonance models. A near-threshold $\eta NNN$ bound-state
solution, with $\eta$ separation energy of less than 1 MeV and width of about
15 MeV, was obtained in the 2005 Green-Wycech model where Re $a_{\eta N}\approx
1$ fm. The role of handling self consistently the subthreshold $\eta N$
interaction is carefully studied.Comment: a second footnote added in v2, matching published versio
The Gaia-ESO Survey: processing FLAMES-UVES spectra

The Gaia-ESO Survey is a large public spectroscopic survey that aims to derive radial velocities and fundamental parameters of about 105 Milky Way stars in the field and in clusters. Observations are carried out with the multi-object optical spectrograph FLAMES, using simultaneously the medium-resolution (R ~ 20 000) GIRAFFE spectrograph and the high-resolution (R ~ 47 000) UVES spectrograph. In this paper we describe the methods and the software used for the data reduction, the derivation of the radial velocities, and the quality control of the FLAMES-UVES spectra. Data reduction has been performed using a workflow specifically developed for this project. This workflow runs the ESO public pipeline optimizing the data reduction for the Gaia-ESO Survey, automatically performs sky subtraction, barycentric correction and normalisation, and calculates radial velocities and a first guess of the rotational velocities. The quality control is performed using the output parameters from the ESO pipeline, by a visual inspection of the spectra and by the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. Using the observations of the first 18 months, specifically targets observed multiple times at different epochs, stars observed with both GIRAFFE and UVES, and observations of radial velocity standards, we estimated the precision and the accuracy of the radial velocities. The statistical error on the radial velocities is σ ~ 0.4 km s-1 and is mainly due to uncertainties in the zero point of the wavelength calibration. However, we found a systematic bias with respect to the GIRAFFE spectra (~0.9 km s-1) and to the radial velocities of the standard stars (~0.5 km s-1) retrieved from the literature. This bias will be corrected in the future data releases, when a common zero point for all the set-ups and instruments used for the survey is be established.We acknowledge support from INAF and Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant Premiale VLT 2012. The results presented here benefited from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 Programme through ERC grant number 320360 and the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge financial support from “Programme National de Cosmologie et Galaxies” (PNCG) of CNRS/INSU, France. T.B. was funded by grant No. 621-2009-3911 from the Swedish Research Council
Resilience of Zostera muelleri seagrass to small-scale disturbances : the relative importance of asexual versus sexual recovery

Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbance without loss of essential function. Seagrass ecosystems are key marine and estuarine habitats that are under threat from a variety of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. The ability of these ecosystems to recovery from disturbance will to a large extent depend on the internsity and scale of the disturbance, and the relative importance of sexual versus asexual reproduction within populations. Here, we investigated the resilience of Zostera muelleri seagrass (Syn. Zostera capricorni) to small-scale disturbances at four locations in Lake Macquarie &ndash; Australia\u27s largest coastal lake &ndash; and monitored recovery over a 65-week period. Resilience of Z. muelleri varied significantly with disturbance intensity; Z. muelleri recovered rapidly (within 2 weeks) from low-intensity disturbance (shoot loss), and rates of recovery appeared related to initial shoot length. Recovery via rhizome encroachment (asexual regeneration) from high-intensity disturbance (loss of entire plant) varied among locations, ranging from 18-35 weeks, whereas the ability to recover was apparently lost (at least within the time frame of this study) when recovery depended on sexual regeneration, suggesting that seeds do not provide a mechanism of recovery against intense small-scale disturbances. The lack of sexual recruits into disturbed sites is surprising as our initial surveys of genotypic diversity (using nine polymorphic microsatellite loci) at these location indicate that populations are maintained by a mix of sexual and asexual reproduction (genotypic diversity [R] varied from 0.24 to 0.44), and populations consisted of a mosaic of genotypes with on average 3.6 unique multilocus genotypes per 300 mm diameter plot. We therefore conclude that Z. muelleri populations within Lake Macquarie rely on clonal growth to recover from small-scale disturbances and that ongoing sexual recruitment by seeds into established seagrass beds (as opposed to bare areas arising from disturbance) must be the mechanism responsible for maintaining the observed mixed genetic composition of Z. muelleri seagrass meadows
Measurements of body fat is associated with markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid levels in both overweight and in lean, healthy subjects

Background & aims: Low-grade inflammation is associated with fat mass in overweight. Whether this
association exists in lean persons is unknown.
Aims were to investigate associations between anthropometric measures of fat distribution and fat mass
(% and kg) assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Furthermore we wanted to investigate the
relationship between fat mass and markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipids in healthy
subjects in different BMI categories.
Methods: We compared 47 healthy overweight adults (BMI 26e40 kg/m2) and 40 lean (BMI 17e25 kg/
m2) matched for age and sex. Waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio and
triceps skinfold were used to evaluate fat distribution. BIA was used to estimate fat mass (% and kg).
Markers of insulin resistance, lipids, inflammation and adipokines were measured.
Results: Hip circumference was associated (P < 0.01) with BIA-assessed fat mass (%) in both groups (lean:
regression coefficient B ¼ 0.4; overweight: B ¼ 0.5). An increase in hip circumference in all tertiles was
associated with higher plasma levels of leptin, CRP and C-peptide in both groups.
Conclusions: Fat mass may play a role in low-grade inflammation also in subjects within the normal range
of BMI. Hip circumference may be a surrogate measure for fat mass in subjects in different BMI categories,
and may be useful for identification of people with risk of developing overweight-related chronic
disease
Level-rank duality in Chern–Simons theory from a non-supersymmetric brane configuration

We derive level-rank duality in pure Chern–Simons gauge theories from a non-supersymmetric Seiberg duality by using a non-supersymmetric brane configuration in type IIB string theory. The brane configuration consists of fivebranes, N D3 antibranes and an O3 plane. By swapping the fivebranes we derive a 3d non-supersymmetric Seiberg duality. After level shifts from loop effects, this identifies the IR of Sp(2N)2k−2N+2 and Sp(2k−2N+2)−2N pure Chern–Simons theories, which is a level-rank pair. We also derive level-rank duality in a Chern–Simons theory based on a unitary group
Heterotic α ’-corrections in Double Field Theory

We extend the generalized flux formulation of Double Field Theory to include all the first order bosonic contributions to the α ′ expansion of the heterotic string low energy effective theory. The generalized tangent space and duality group are enhanced by α ′ corrections, and the gauge symmetries are generated by the usual (gauged) generalized Lie derivative in the extended space. The generalized frame receives derivative corrections through the spin connection with torsion, which is incorporated as a new degree of freedom in the extended bein. We compute the generalized fluxes and find the Riemann curvature tensor with torsion as one of their components. All the four-derivative terms of the action, Bianchi identities and equations of motion are reproduced. Using this formalism, we obtain the first order α ′ corrections to the heterotic Buscher rules. The relation of our results to alternative formulations in the literature is discussed and future research directions are outlined