pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Aerosol and ozone changes as forcing for climate evolution between 1850 and 2100

International audienceGlobal aerosol and ozone distributions and their associated radiative forcings were simulated between 1850 and 2100 following a recent historical emission dataset and under the representative concentration pathways (RCP) for the future. These simulations were used in an Earth System Model to account for the changes in both radiatively and chemically active compounds, when simulating the climate evolution. The past negative stratospheric ozone trends result in a negative climate forcing culminating at −0.15 W m<sup>−2</sup> in the 1990s. In the meantime, the tropospheric ozone burden increase generates a positive climate forcing peaking at 0.41 W m<sup>−2</sup>. The future evolution of ozone strongly depends on the RCP scenario considered. In RCP4.5 and RCP6.0, the evolution of both stratospheric and tropospheric ozone generate relatively weak radiative forcing changes until 2060-2070 followed by a relative 30 % decrease in radiative forcing by 2100. In contrast, RCP8.5 and RCP2.6 model projections exhibit strongly different ozone radiative forcing trajectories. In the RCP2.6 scenario, both effects (stratospheric ozone, a negative forcing, and tropospheric ozone, a positive forcing) decline towards 1950s values while they both get stronger in the RCP8.5 scenario. Over the twentieth century, the evolution of the total aerosol burden is characterized by a strong increase after World War II until the middle of the 1980s followed by a stabilization during the last decade due to the strong decrease in sulfates in OECD countries since the 1970s. The cooling effects reach their maximal values in 1980, with −0.34 and −0.28 W m<sup>−2</sup> respectively for direct and indirect total radiative forcings. According to the RCP scenarios, the aerosol content, after peaking around 2010, is projected to decline strongly and monotonically during the twenty-first century for the RCP8.5, 4.5 and 2.6 scenarios. While for RCP6.0 the decline occurs later, after peaking around 2050. As a consequence the relative importance of the total cooling effect of aerosols becomes weaker throughout the twenty-first century compared with the positive forcing of greenhouse gases. Nevertheless, both surface ozone and aerosol content show very different regional features depending on the future scenario considered. Hence, in 2050, surface ozone changes vary between −12 and +12 ppbv over Asia depending on the RCP projection, whereas the regional direct aerosol radiative forcing can locally exceed −3 W m<sup>−2</sup>
From Geometric Semantics to Asynchronous Computability

International audienceWe show that the protocol complex formalization of fault-tolerant protocols can be directly derived from a suitable semantics of the underlying synchronization and communication primitives, based on a geometrization of the state space. By constructing a one-to-one relationship between simplices of the protocol complex and (di)homotopy classes of (di)paths in the latter semantics, we describe a connection between these two geometric approaches to distributed computing: protocol complexes and directed algebraic topology. This is exemplified on atomic snapshot, iterated snapshot and layered immediate snapshot protocols, where a well-known combinatorial structure, interval orders, plays a key role. We believe that this correspondence between models will extend to proving impossibility results for much more intricate fault-tolerant distributed architectures
Strain-induced inverse magnetostriction measured on a single contacted Ni nanowire in a polymer matrix Strain-induced inverse magnetostriction measured on a single contacted Ni nanowire in a polymer matrix

International audienceThe effects of the thermoelastic and piezoelectric strain exerted by an active polymer matrix on a Ni nanowire (NW) are studied at the nanoscale by measuring the inverse magnetostriction of single-contacted Ni NWs. The reorientation of the magnetization is measured by anisotropic magnetoresitance. In the absence of strain, the Ni NW exhibits a typical uniform rotation of the magnetization as a function of the external field. When piezoelectric or ther-moelelastic strain is present in the polymer matrix, the hysteresis loop becomes strongly modified by the inverse magnetostriction of Ni. It is shown that the ferromagnetic NW plays then the role of a mechanical probe that allows the effects of the mechanical strain to be characterized and described qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover the stress exerted by the polycarbonate matrix on the NW is found to be isotropic while the one produced by the PVDF matrix is anisotropic
Theoretical and spectroscopic investigations on the structure and bonding in B-C-N thin films

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In this study, we have synthesized boron, carbon, and nitrogen containing films using RF sputter deposition. We investigated the effects of deposition parameters on the chemical environment of boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms inside the films. Techniques used for this purpose were grazing incidence reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (GIR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). GIR-FTIR experiments on the B-C-N films deposited indicated presence of multiple features in the 600 to 1700 cm(-1) range for the infrared (IR) spectra. Analysis of the IR spectra, XPS and the corresponding EELS data from the films has been done in a collective manner. The results from this study suggested even under nitrogen rich synthesis conditions carbon atoms in the B-C-N films prefer to be surrounded by other carbon atoms rather than boron and/or nitrogen. Furthermore, we have observed a similar behavior in the chemistry of B-C-N films deposited with increasing substrate bias conditions. In order to better understand these results, we have compared and evaluated the relative stability of various nearest-neighbor and structural configurations of carbon atoms in a single BN sheet using DFT calculations. These calculations also indicated that structures and configurations that increase the relative amount of C-C bonding with respect to B-C and/or C-N were energetically favorable than otherwise. As a conclusion, carbon tends to phase-segregate in to carbon clusters rather than displaying a homogeneous distribution for the films deposited in this study under the deposition conditions studied. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A model-based assessment of adaptation options for Chianti wine production in Tuscany (Italy) underclimate change

This paper covers a comprehensive economic analysis of climate change adaptation options for a specific wine producing region, namely Tuscany. As temperature increases under climate change, rainfall patterns will be different, and Chianti wine production in Tuscany therefore needs to adapt in the near future. We address the adaptation challenges and identify grape yield and quality loss as the main impact of climate change on wine production. Relocation of vineyards uphill and introducing drought-resistant varieties are considered as adaptation measures. We appraise these adaptation measures using an optimization framework, where regional wine producers maximize income subject to economic constraints including the climate change impacts on wine productivity and quality. Our simulation shows quantitatively to what extent a higher degree of climate change impact demands a higher degree of adaptation. We find that a combination of the two measures provides a better strategy because it leads to higher economic efficiency. However, uncertainty regarding the efficiency of the new variety discourages the use of this new drought-resistant variety, whereas a higher efficiency would make this choice more favourable. Sensitivity analysis for time horizon and discount rate confirms the theory of investment under uncertainty, showing a shorter time horizon (or more frequent investment) provides the possibility to postpone the decision to implement adaptation measures due to the value of flexibility, while a higher discount rate leads to a later adaptation decision, because uncertainty creates a value of waiting for new information
Existence and stability of solitons for fully discrete approximations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation

International audienceIn this paper we study the long time behavior of a discrete approximation in time and space of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the real line. More precisely, we consider a symplectic time splitting integrator applied to a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with additional Dirichlet boundary conditions on a large interval. We give conditions ensuring the existence of a numerical soliton which is close in energy norm to the continuous soliton. Such result is valid under a CFL condition between the time and space stepsizes. Furthermore we prove that if the initial datum is symmetric and close to the continuous soliton, then the associated numerical solution remains close to the orbit of the continuous soliton for very long times
A comparison between the responses of neutral red and acridine orange: Acridine Orange should be preferential and alternative to neutral red as a dye for the monitoring of contaminants by means of biological sensors

The acridine orange (AO) and neutral red (NR) dyes, commonly used as probes to measure the internal pH in acidic vesicles, are compared in this article. The comparison between the two dyes (arising from calculations taking into account their analytical constants) illustrated that the use of AO is preferential to that of NR because the AO response is sensitive over the whole pH range between 4.0 and 7.4, whereas the NR response is effective only between pHs 4.0 and 6.0. In addition, it became evident from the mitochondrial respiration response that NR, unlike AO, is a protonophore. When taken into consideration, these two properties suggest that AO is more suitable than NR as an indicator of toxicity measurements in water samples because the environmental toxic compounds induce pH changes in the acidic vesicles of biological structures that are used as environmental biosensors
Biomarker evidence for recent turf cultivation in Northeast Brazil (Lagoa do Boqueirão, RN)

International audienceThe first meter of sediment in Lagoa do Boqueirão [Rio Grande do Norte State (RN), Brazil) is characterized by low sedimentation rates over the period 1000 BC-1500 AD and a high sedimentation rate in the top 20 cm, corresponding to the last ten years. Several pentacyclic triterpene methyl ethers (PTMEs) such as taraxer-14-en-3α-ol ME (crusgallin) and arbor-9(11)-en-3β-ol ME (cylindrin) occur in all the samples selected. The major change in sedimentation rate recorded at 20 cm is accompanied by a change in PTME concentration and distribution. Sediments deposited during the period 1000 BC-1500 AD contain PTMEs in low concentration level (1.3 μg/g sed.) that could constitute a geochemical background of the grass that naturally developed in the catchment. High PTME concentrations occur during the period 1996-2000. These result mainly from high concentrations of a compound tentatively assigned as arbor-8-en-3βol ME, a potential diagenetic derivative of cylindrin. The increase corresponds to the beginning of intensive cultivation of Cynodon dactylon and Zoysia japonica (arundoin and cylindrin producers), for the production of turf to cover Brazilian football stadiums and golf practices. The results constitute a novel application of PTMEs to reconstruct land use changes from lake sediment archives
Roles of resonance and dark irradiance for infrared photorefractive self-focusing and solitons in bi-polar InP:Fe

This paper shows experimental evidence of photorefractive steady state self-focusing in InP:Fe for a wide range of intensities, at both 1.06 and 1.55µm. To explain those results, it is shown that despite the bi-polar nature of InP:Fe where one photocarrier and one thermal carrier are to be considered, the long standing one photocarrier model for photorefractive solitons can be usefully applied. The relationship between the dark irradiance stemming out of this model and the known resonance intensity is then discussed
CMV Immunoglobulins for the Treatment of CMV Infections in Thoracic Transplant Recipients

Intravenous ganciclovir and, increasingly, oral valganciclovir are now considered the mainstay of treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or CMV disease. Under certain circumstances, CMV immunoglobulin (CMVIG) may be an appropriate addition or, indeed, alternative. Data on monotherapy with CMVIG are limited, but encouraging, for example in cases of ganciclovir intolerance. In cases of recurrent CMV in thoracic transplant patients after a disease- and drug-free period, adjunctive CMVIG can be considered in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Antiviral-resistant CMV, which is more common among thoracic organ recipients than in other types of transplant, can be an indication for introduction of CMVIG, particularly in view of the toxicity associated with other options, such as foscarnet. Due to a lack of controlled trials, decision-making is based on clinical experience. In the absence of a robust evidence base, it seems reasonable to consider the use of CMVIG to treat CMV in adult or pediatric thoracic transplant patients with ganciclovir-resistant infection, or in serious or complicated cases. The latter can potentially include (i) treatment of severe clinical manifestations, such as pneumonitis or eye complications; (ii) patients with a positive biopsy in end organs, such as the lung or stomach; (iii) symptomatic cases with rising polymerase chain reaction values (for example, higher than 5.0 log10) despite antiviral treatment; (iv) CMV disease or CMV infection or risk factors, such as CMV-IgG-negative serostatus; (vi) ganciclovir intolerance; (vii) patients with hypogammaglobulinemia
The Pierre Auger Observatory scaler mode for the study of solar activity modulation of galactic cosmic rays

Since data-taking began in January 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has been recording the count rates of low energy secondary cosmic ray particles for the self-calibration of the ground detectors of its surface detector array. After correcting for atmospheric effects, modulations of galactic cosmic rays due to solar activity and transient events are observed. Temporal variations related with the activity of the heliosphere can be determined with high accuracy due to the high total count rates. In this study, the available data are presented together with an analysis focused on the observation of Forbush decreases, where a strong correlation with neutron monitor data is found
Computational prediction of the spectroscopic parameters of methanediol, an elusive molecule for interstellar detection

Producción CientíficaThe molecular structure of methanediol has been investigated by means of quantum chemical calculations. Two conformers, corresponding to C2 and Cs symmetries, respectively, were considered. The C2 conformer is found to lie about 1.7 (at 298 K) or 2.3 (at 0 K) kcal mol−1 below the Cs conformer. Predictions for their rotational constants, vibrational frequencies, IR intensities, and dipole moments have been provided. The lowest-lying isomer has a very low dipole moment, around 0.03 D, whereas the Cs conformer has a relatively high dipole moment, namely, 2.7 D. The barrier for the Cs→C2 process is predicted to be around 0.7–1 kcal mol−1. Based on the energetic results the proportion of the Cs conformer is likely to be negligible under low temperature conditions, such as in the interstellar medium. Therefore, it is predicted that detection by radioastronomy of methanediol would be rather unlikely.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Monocular visual-inertial SLAM-based collision avoidance strategy for fail-safe UAV using fuzzy logic controllers

In this paper, we developed a novel Cross-Entropy Optimization (CEO)-based Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Fail-Safe UAV to expand its collision avoidance capabilities in the GPS-denied envrionments using Monocular Visual-Inertial SLAM-based strategy. The function of this FLC aims to control the heading of Fail-Safe UAV to avoid the obstacle, e.g. wall, bridge, tree line et al, using its real-time and accurate localization information. In the Matlab Simulink-based training framework, the Scaling Factor (SF) is adjusted according to the collision avoidance task firstly, and then the Membership Function (MF) is tuned based on the optimized Scaling Factor to further improve the control performances. After obtained the optimal SF and MF, 64% of rules has been reduced (from 125 rules to 45 rules), and a large number of real see-and-avoid tests with a quadcopter have done. The simulation and experiment results show that this new proposed FLC can precisely navigates the Fail-Safe UAV to  avoid the obstacle, obtaining better performances compared to only SF optimization-based FLC. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to present the optimized FLC using Cross-Entropy method in both SF and MF optimization, and apply it in the UAV
Network-Based Multiple Sclerosis Pathway Analysis with GWAS Data from 15,000 Cases and 30,000 Controls

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory CNS disease with a substantial genetic component, originally mapped to only the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. In the last 5 years, a total of seven genome-wide association studies and one meta-analysis successfully identified 57 non-HLA susceptibility loci. Here, we merged nominal statistical evidence of association and physical evidence of interaction to conduct a protein-interaction-network-based pathway analysis (PINBPA) on two large genetic MS studies comprising a total of 15,317 cases and 29,529 controls. The distribution of nominally significant loci at the gene level matched the patterns of extended linkage disequilibrium in regions of interest. We found that products of genome-wide significantly associated genes are more likely to interact physically and belong to the same or related pathways. We next searched for subnetworks (modules) of genes (and their encoded proteins) enriched with nominally associated loci within each study and identified those modules in common between the two studies. We demonstrate that these modules are more likely to contain genes with bona fide susceptibility variants and, in addition, identify several high-confidence candidates (including BCL10, CD48, REL, TRAF3, and TEC). PINBPA is a powerful approach to gaining further insights into the biology of associated genes and to prioritizing candidates for subsequent genetic studies of complex traits
Deterministic coherence resonance in coupled chaotic oscillators with frequency mismatch

A small mismatch between natural frequencies of unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators can induce coherence resonance in the slave oscillator for a certain coupling strength. This surprising phenomenon resembles “stabilization of chaos by chaos,” i.e., the chaotic driving applied to the chaotic system makes its dynamics more regular when the natural frequency of the slave oscillator is a little different than the natural frequency of the master oscillator. The coherence is characterized with the dominant component in the power spectrum of the slave oscillator, normalized standard deviations of both the peak amplitude and the interpeak interval, and Lyapunov exponents. The enhanced coherence is associated with increasing negative both the third and the fourth Lyapunov exponents, while the first and second exponents are always positive and zero, respectively
Spin Lifetime in High Quality InSb Epitaxial Layers Grown on GaAs

<p>The spin relaxation in undoped InSb films grown on GaAs has been investigated in the temperature range from 77 to 290 K. Two distinct lifetime values have been extracted, 1 and 2.5 ps, dependent on film thickness. Comparison of this data with a multilayer transport analysis of the films suggests that the longer time (similar to 2.5 ps at 290 K) is associated with the central intrinsic region of the film, while the shorter time (similar to 1 ps) is related to the highly dislocated accumulation region at the film-substrate interface. Whereas previous work on InAs films grown on GaAs showed that the native surface defect resulted in an additional charge accumulation layer with high conductivity but very short spin lifetime, in InSb layers the surface states introduce a depletion region. We infer that InSb could be a more attractive candidate for spintronic applications than InAs.</p
Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

The fast growth of PV installed capacity in Spain has led to an increase in the demand for analysis of installed PV modules. One of the topics that manufacturers, promoters, and owners of the plants are more interested in is the possible degradation of PV modules. This paper presents some findings of PV plant evaluations carried out during last years. This evaluation usually consists of visual inspections, I–V curve field measurements (the whole plant or selected areas), thermal evaluations by IR imaging and, in some cases, measurements of the I–V characteristics and thermal behaviours of selected modules in the plant, chosen by the laboratory. Electroluminescence technique is also used as a method for detecting defects in PV modules. It must be noted that new defects that arise when the module is in operation may appear in modules initially defect-free (called hidden manufacturing defects). Some of these hidden defects that only appear in normal operation are rarely detected in reliability tests (IEC61215 or IEC61646) due to the different operational conditions of the module in the standard tests and in the field (serial-parallel connection of many PV modules, power inverter influence, overvoltage on wires, etc.
Patent Protection with Cooperative R&D Option

We investigate R&D incentive under patent protection with cooperation option. Chowdhury [Economics Letters, 2005, 89(1), 120-126] claims that patent protection may decrease R&D incentive when the tournament effect (TE) is negative. However, We show that patent protection in the presence of R&D cooperation option always increases R&D incentive. In addition, to increase R&D incentive, this option strictly dominates imitation and may dominate royalty licensing under patent protection, introduced by Mukherjee [Economics Letters, 2006, 93(2), 196-201].
Bilateral Approach to the Secretary Problem

A mathematical model of competitive selection of the applicants for a post is considered. There are N applicants of similar qualifications on an interview list. The applicants come in a random order and their salary demands are distinct. Two managers, I and II, will interview them one at a time. The aim of the manager is to obtain the applicant which demands minimal salary. The candidate can be accepted only at the moment of its appearance. When both manager want to accept the same candidate, then some
rule of assignment to one of the manager is applied. Any candidate hired by the manager will accept the offer with some given probability. An candidate can be hired only at the moment of its appearance. At each moment n one candidate is presented. The considered problem is a
generalisation of <i best choice problem></i> the best choice problem with uncertain employment and the game version of it with priority or random priority. The general stopping game model is constructed. The algorithms of construction of the game value and the equilibrium strategies are given. An example is solved.