pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
About fermion hierarchies from doubly warped extra dimensions

We consider fermions propagating in the bulk of the geometry found by deforming AdS5 via the back reaction of a scalar field upon the metric. This space is AdS for r asymptotically large (in the UV) but goes through a transition at a point r=r⁎ , into another AdS space with different curvature in the IR. Masses are generated for these fermions via electroweak symmetry breaking, by coupling them to a VEV on the IR boundary. We calculate the mass spectrum in four dimensions, comparing approximate results and results found by solving the full system of bulk equations and boundary conditions. We consider the effect on the mass of the light modes of various parameters, including the curvature of the space in the region r<r⁎ . This information is then used to reproduce the mass hierarchy between the top and bottom. By assuming universality of the gauge coupling, we find bounds on the allowed bulk masses of the right-handed fermion fields. We look for solutions that satisfy these bounds in a number of different scenarios and find that, for given choices of the other parameters in this model, the IR curvature has a significant influence on whether these bounds can be satisfied or not
On deformations of AdS n × S n supercosets

We study the deformed AdS 5 × S 5 supercoset model of arXiv:1309.5850 which depends on one parameter κ and has classical quantum group symmetry. We confirm the conjecture that in the “maximal” deformation limit, κ → ∞, this model is T-dual to “flipped” double Wick rotation of the target space AdS 5 × S 5 , i.e. dS 5 × H 5 space supported by an imaginary 5-form flux. In the imaginary deformation limit, κ → i , the corresponding target space metric is of a pp-wave type and thus the resulting light-cone gauge S-matrix becomes relativistically invariant. Omitting non-unitary contributions of imaginary WZ terms, we find that this tree-level S-matrix is equivalent to that of the generalized sine-Gordon model representing the Pohlmeyer reduction of the undeformed AdS 5 × S 5 superstring model. We also study in some detail similar deformations of the AdS 3 × S 3 and AdS 2 × S 2 supercosets. The bosonic part of the deformed AdS 3 × S 3 model happens to be equivalent to the symmetric case of the sum of the Fateev integrable deformation of the SL(2) and SU(2) principal chiral models, while in the AdS 2 × S 2 case the role of the Fateev model is played by the 2d “sausage” model. The κ = i limits are again directly related to the Pohlmeyer reductions of the corresponding AdS n × S n supercosets: (2,2) super sine-Gordon model and its complex sine-Gordon analog. We also discuss possible deformations of AdS 3 × S 3 with more than one parameter
Strangeness-changing scalar form factors

30 páginas, 2 tablas, 10 figuras.-- arXiv:hep-ph/0110193v1We derive expressions for strangeness-changing scalar form factors, which incorporate known theoretical constraints both at low and high energies. Their leading behaviour in the limit of a large number of colours is calculated from the resonance chiral Lagrangian, and a set of short-distance constraints on the scalar resonance couplings is obtained, imposing the form factors to vanish at infinite momentum transfer.\ud
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The important effects of meson rescattering are taken into account by exploiting unitarity and analyticity. Making use of previous results on S-wave Kπ scattering [1] , and a coupled-channel dispersion-relation analysis, the Kπ, Kη and Kη′ scalar form factors are calculated up to 2 GeV. These scalar form factors are a key ingredient in the determination of the corresponding scalar spectral function which is important in the extraction of the mass of the strange quark from QCD sum rules as well as hadronic τ decays.This work has been supported in part by the German–Spanish Cooperation Agreement\ud
HA97-0061, by the European Union TMR Network EURODAPHNE (ERBFMX-CT98-\ud
0169), and by DGESIC (Spain) under the grant no. PB97-1261 and DGICYT contract\ud
no. BFM2000-1326. M.J. would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for\ud
support.Peer reviewe
Bitrophic interactions shape biodiversity in space

Ecologists and conservation biologists often study particular trophic groups in isolation, which precludes an explicit assessment of the impact of multitrophic interactions on community structure and dynamics. Network ecology helps to fill this gap by focusing on species interactions, but it often ignores spatial processes. Here, we are taking a step forward in the integration of metacommunity and network approaches by studying a model of bitrophic interactions in a spatial context. We quantify the effect of bitrophic interactions on the diversity of plants and their animal interactors, and we show their complex dependence on the structure of the interaction network, the strength of interactions, and the dispersal rate. We then develop a method to parameterize our model with real-world networks and apply it to 54 datasets describing three types of interactions: pollination, fungal association, and insect herbivory. In all three network types, bitrophic interactions generally lead to an increase of plant and animal spatial heterogeneity by decreasing local species richness while increasing β-diversity.We thank the Centro de Supercomputación de Galicia\ud
for computing facilities. Funding was provided by the European Research\ud
Council through Advanced Grant 268543 (to J.B.).Peer reviewe
Maternal separation prior to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: Impact on emotional aspects of behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus

Exposure to early-life stress is associated with long-term alterations in brain and behavior, and may aggravate the outcome of neurological insults. This study aimed at investigating the possible interaction between maternal separation, a model of early stress, and subsequent neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on emotional behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus. Therefore, rat pups (N = 60) were maternally separated for a prolonged (MS 180min) or a brief (MS 15min) period during the first six postnatal days, while a control group was left undisturbed. Hypoxia-ischemia was applied to a subgroup of each rearing condition on postnatal day 7. Emotional behavior was examined at three months of age and included assessments of anxiety (elevated plus maze), depression-like behavior (forced swimming) and spontaneous exploration (open field). Synaptic plasticity was evaluated based on BDNF and synaptophysin expression in CA3 and dentate gyrus hippocampal regions. We found that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia caused increased levels of anxiety, depression-like behavior and locomotor activity (ambulation). Higher anxiety levels were also seen in maternally separated rats (MS180min) compared to non-maternally separated rats, but prolonged maternal separation prior to HI did not potentiate the HI-associated effect. No differences among the three rearing conditions were found regarding depression-like behavior or ambulation. Immunohistochemical evaluation of synaptophysin revealed that both prolonged maternal separation (MS180min) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia significantly reduced its expression in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Decreases in synaptophysin expression in these areas were not exacerbated in rats that were maternally separated for a prolonged period prior to HI. Regarding BDNF expression, we found a significant decrease in immunoreactivity only in the hypoxic-ischemic rats that were subjected to the prolonged maternal separation paradigm. The above findings suggest that early-life stress prior to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia leads to significant alterations in synaptic plasticity of the dorsal hippocampus during adulthood, but does not exacerbate HI-related changes in emotional behavior
Targeting of the Arpc3 actin nucleation factor by miR-29a/b regulates dendritic spine morphology.

Previous studies have demonstrated that microribonucleic acids (miRs) are key regulators of protein expression in the brain and modulate dendritic spine morphology and synaptic activity. To identify novel miRs involved in neuronal plasticity, we exposed adult mice to chronic treatments with nicotine, cocaine, or amphetamine, which are psychoactive drugs that induce well-documented neuroadaptations. We observed brain region- and drug-specific changes in miR expression levels and identified miR-29a/b as regulators of synaptic morphology. In vitro imaging experiments indicated that miR-29a/b reduce mushroom-shaped dendritic spines on hippocampal neurons with a concomitant increase in filopodial-like outgrowths, suggesting an effect on synapse formation via actin cytoskeleton remodeling. We identified Arpc3, a component of the ARP2/3 actin nucleation complex, as a bona fide target for down-regulation by miR-29a/b. This work provides evidence that targeting of Arpc3 by miR-29a/b fine tunes structural plasticity by regulating actin network branching in mature and developing spines.7625
The neural bases of the pseudohomophone effect: Phonological constraints on lexico-semantic access in reading.

We investigated phonological processing in normal readers to answer the question to what extent phonological recoding is active during silent reading and if or how it guides lexico-semantic access. We addressed this issue by looking at pseudohomophone and baseword frequency effects in lexical decisions with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results revealed greater activation in response to pseudohomophones than for well-controlled pseudowords in the left inferior/superior frontal and middle temporal cortex, left insula, and left superior parietal lobule. Furthermore, we observed a baseword frequency effect for pseudohomophones (e.g., FEAL) but not for pseudowords (e.g., FEEP). This baseword frequency effect was qualified by activation differences in bilateral angular and left supramarginal, and bilateral middle temporal gyri for pseudohomophones with low- compared to high-frequency basewords. We propose that lexical decisions to pseudohomophones involves phonology-driven lexico-semantic activation of their basewords and that this is converging neuroimaging evidence for automatically activated phonological representations during silent reading in experienced readers.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Zames-Falb multipliers for absolute stability : from O'Shea's contribution to convex searches

The file associated with this record is under a 24-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text is available in the publisher's site.Absolute stability attracted much attention in the 1960s. Several stability conditions for loops with slope-restricted nonlinearities were developed. Results such as the Circle Criterion and the Popov Criterion form part of the core curriculum for students of control. Moreover, the equivalence of results obtained by different techniques, specifically Lyapunov and Popov׳s stability theories, led to one of the most important results in control engineering: the KYP Lemma.\ud
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For Lurye1 systems this work culminated in the class of multipliers proposed by O׳Shea in 1966 and formalized by Zames and Falb in 1968. The superiority of this class was quickly and widely accepted. Nevertheless the result was ahead of its time as graphical techniques were preferred in the absence of readily available computer optimization. Its first systematic use as a stability criterion came 20 years after the initial proposal of the class. A further 20 years have been required to develop a proper understanding of the different techniques that can be used. In this long gestation some significant knowledge has been overlooked or forgotten. Most significantly, O׳Shea׳s contribution and insight is no longer acknowledged; his papers are barely cited despite his original parameterization of the class.\ud
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This tutorial paper aims to provide a clear and comprehensive introduction to the topic from a user׳s viewpoint. We review the main results: the stability theory, the properties of the multipliers (including their phase properties, phase-equivalence results and the issues associated with causality), and convex searches. For clarity of exposition we restrict our attention to continuous time multipliers for single-input single-output results. Nevertheless we include several recent significant developments by the authors and others. We illustrate all these topics using an example proposed by O׳Shea himself.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Lunar polar craters - icy, rough or just sloping?

Circular Polarisation Ratio (CPR) mosaics from Mini-SAR on Chandrayaan-1 and Mini-RF on LRO are used to study craters near to the lunar north pole. The look direction of the detectors strongly affects the appearance of the crater CPR maps. Rectifying the mosaics to account for parallax also significantly changes the CPR maps of the crater interiors. It is shown that the CPRs of crater interiors in unrectified maps are biased to larger values than crater exteriors, because of a combination of the effects of parallax and incidence angle. Using the LOLA Digital Elevation Map (DEM), the variation of CPR with angle of incidence has been studied. For fresh craters, CPR ∼0.7∼0.7 with only a weak dependence on angle of incidence or position interior or just exterior to the crater, consistent with dihedral scattering from blocky surface roughness. For anomalous craters, the CPR interior to the crater increases with both incidence angle and distance from the crater centre. Central crater CPRs are similar to those in the crater exteriors. CPR does not appear to correlate with temperature within craters. Furthermore, the anomalous polar craters have diameter-to-depth ratios that are lower than those of typical polar craters. These results strongly suggest that the high CPR values in anomalous polar craters are not providing evidence of significant volumes of water ice. Rather, anomalous craters are of intermediate age, and maintain sufficiently steep sides that sufficient regolith does not cover all rough surfaces
Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME.

This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ =
  2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production
in central and semi-central $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb
collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as
$v_{2}^{\mathrm{ch~jet}}$. Jet finding is performed employing the
anti-$k_{\mathrm{T}}$ algorithm with a resolution parameter $R$ = 0.2 using
charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the
azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account
event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are
removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event
plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero
$v_{2}^{\mathrm{ch~jet}}$ is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50\%
centrality) for 20 $<$ $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm ch~jet}$ $<$ 90
${\mathrm{GeV}\kern-0.05em/\kern-0.02em c}$. The azimuthal dependence of the
charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets
comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements
of the $v_2$ of single charged particles at high $p_{\mathrm{T}}$. Good
agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator
simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is
found in semi-central collisions.Comment: 25 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 20,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/188
Measurement of the absolute differential cross section of proton-proton
  elastic scattering at small angles

The differential cross section for proton-proton elastic scattering has been
measured at a beam energy of 1.0 GeV and in 200 MeV steps from 1.6 to 2.8 GeV
for centre-of-mass angles in the range from 12-16 degrees to 25-30 degrees,
depending on the energy. Absolute normalisations of typically 3% were achieved
by studying the energy losses of the circulating beam of the COSY storage ring
as it passed repeatedly through the windowless hydrogen target of the ANKE
magnetic spectrometer. It is shown that the data have a significant impact upon
a partial wave analysis. After extrapolating the differential cross sections to
the forward direction, the results are broadly compatible with the predictions
of forward dispersion relations
Lorentz-diffeomorphism Conserved Charges And Virasoro Algebra In
  Chern-Simons-Like Theories Of Gravity

The Chern-Simons-like theories of gravity (CSLTG) are formulated at first
order formalism. In this formalism, the derivation of the entropy of a black
hole on bifurcation surface, as a quasi-local conserved charge is problematic.
In this paper we overcome to these problems by considering the concept of total
variation and the Lorentz-Lie derivative. We firstly find an expression for the
ADT conserved current in the context of the CSLTG which is based on the concept
of the Killing vector fields. Then, we generalize it to be conserved for all
diffeomorphism generators. Thus, we can extract an off-shell conserved charge
for any vector field which generates a diffeomorphism. The formalism presented
here is based on the concept of quasi-local conserved charges which are
off-shell. The charges can be calculated on any codimension two space-like
surface surrounding a black hole and the results are independent of the chosen
surface. By using the off-shell quasi-local conserved charge, we investigate
the Virasoro algebra and find a formula to calculate the central extension
term. We apply the formalism to the BTZ black hole solution in the context of
the Einstein gravity and the Generalized massive gravity, then we find the
eigenvalues of their Virasoro generators as well as the corresponding central
charges. Eventually, we calculate the entropy of the BTZ black hole by the
Cardy formula and we show that the result exactly matches with the one obtained
by the concept of the off-shell conserved charges.Comment: 19 pages. In Press by Nucl. Phys. B (2016).
  doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2016.05.02
K\"ahlerian Effective Potentials for Chern-Simons-Matter Theories

In this paper, we will calculate the effective potential for a theory of
multiple M2-branes. As the theory of multiple M2-branes can be described by a
Chern-Simons-matter theory, this will be done by calculating the K\"ahlerian
effective potential for a Chern-Simons-matter theory. This calculation will be
performed in $\mathcal{N} = 1$ superspace formalism. We will initially study an
Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory, and then generalize those results to the
full non-Abelian Chern-Simons-matter theory. We will obtain explicit
expressions for the superpropagators for this theory. These superpropagators
will be used to calculate the one-loop effective potential.Comment: 15 page
Nonlinear effects in buoyancy-driven variable density turbulence

We consider the time-dependence of a hierarchy of scaled $L^{2m}$-norms
$D_{m,\omega}$ and $D_{m,\theta}$ of the vorticity $\boldsymbol {\omega} =
\boldsymbol{\nabla} \times {\mathbf u}$ and the density gradient
$\boldsymbol{\nabla} \theta$, where $\theta=\log (\rho^*/\rho^*_0)$, in a
buoyancy-driven turbulent flow as simulated by \cite{LR2007}. $\rho^*({\mathbf
x},\,t) $ is the composition density of a mixture of two incompressible
miscible fluids with fluid densities $\rho^*_2 > \rho^*_1$ and $\rho^*_{0}$ is
a reference normalisation density. Using data from the publicly available Johns
Hopkins Turbulence Database we present evidence that the $L^{2}$-spatial
average of the density gradient $\boldsymbol{\nabla} \theta$ can reach
extremely large values, even in flows with low Atwood number $At = (\rho^*_{2}
- \rho^*_{1})/(\rho^*_{2} + \rho^*_{1}) = 0.05$, implying that very strong
mixing of the density field at small scales can arise in buoyancy-driven
turbulence. This large growth raises the possibility that the density gradient
$\boldsymbol{\nabla} \theta$ might blow up in a finite time
Central P2Y12 receptor blockade alleviates inflammatory and neuropathic pain and cytokine production in rodents.

In this study the role of P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12R) was explored in rodent models  of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and in acute thermal nociception. In correlation with their activity to block the recombinant human P2Y12R, the majority of P2Y12R antagonists alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia dose-dependently, following intraplantar CFA injection, and after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats. They also caused an increase in thermal nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test. Among the six P2Y12R antagonists evaluated in the pain studies, the selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 was most potent upon intrathecal application. P2Y12R mRNA and IL-1beta protein were time-dependently overexpressed in the rat hind paw and lumbar spinal cord following intraplantar CFA injection. This was accompanied by the upregulation of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 in the hind paw. PSB-0739 (0.3mg/kg i.t.) attenuated CFA-induced expression of cytokines in the hind paw and of IL-1beta in the spinal cord. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist MLA occluded the effect of PSB-0739 (i.t.) on pain behavior and peripheral cytokine induction. Denervation of sympathetic nerves by 6-OHDA pretreatment did not affect the action of PSB-0739. PSB-0739, in an analgesic dose, did not influence motor coordination and platelet aggregation. Genetic deletion of the P2Y12R in mice reproduced the effect of P2Y12R antagonists on mechanical hyperalgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, on acute thermal nociception and on the induction of spinal IL-1beta. Here we report the robust involvement of the P2Y12R in inflammatory pain. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of P2Y12R antagonism could be mediated by the inhibition of both central and peripheral cytokine production and involves alpha7-receptor mediated efferent pathways