pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Minimally packed phases in holography

We numerically construct asymptotically AdS black brane solutions of $D=4$
Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a pseudoscalar. The solutions are
holographically dual to $d=3$ CFTs at finite chemical potential and in a
constant magnetic field, which spontaneously break translation invariance
leading to the spontaneous formation of abelian and momentum magnetisation
currents flowing around the plaquettes of a periodic Bravais lattice. We
analyse the three-dimensional moduli space of lattice solutions, which are
generically oblique, and show, for a specific value of the magnetic field, that
the free energy is minimised by the triangular lattice, associated with minimal
packing of circles in the plane. We show that the average stress tensor for the
thermodynamically preferred phase is that of a perfect fluid and that this
result applies more generally to spontaneously generated periodic phases. The
triangular structure persists at low temperatures indicating the existence of
novel crystalline ground states.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures. Discussion section added and other minor
  changes made. Published versio
Associated production of a Higgs boson at NNLO

In this paper we present a Next-to-Next-to Leading Order (NNLO) calculation
of the production of a Higgs boson in association with a massive vector boson.
We include the decays of the unstable Higgs and vector bosons, resulting in a
fully flexible parton-level Monte Carlo implementation. We also include all
$\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s^2)$ contributions that occur in production for these
processes: those mediated by the exchange of a single off-shell vector boson in
the $s$-channel, and those which arise from the coupling of the Higgs boson to
a closed loop of fermions. We study final states of interest for Run II
phenomenology, namely $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$, $\gamma\gamma$ and $WW^*$. The
treatment of the $H\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ decay includes QCD corrections at NLO.
We use the recently developed $N$-jettiness regularization procedure, and study
its viability in the presence of a large final-state phase space by studying
$pp\rightarrow V(H\rightarrow WW^*) \rightarrow$ leptons.Comment: 31 pages, 16 Figues, 3 Tables : v2 Matches published versio
Improved determination of the $D \to K^-\pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$ coherence
  factor and associated hadronic parameters from a combination of $e^+e^-\to
  \psi(3770)\to c\bar{c}$ and $pp \to c \bar{c} X$ data

Measurements of the coherence factor $R_{K3\pi}$, the average strong-phase
difference $\delta^{K3\pi}_D$ and mean amplitude ratio $r_D^{K3\pi}$ for the
decay $D \to K^-\pi^+\pi^+\pi^-$ are presented. These parameters are important
inputs to the determination of the unitarity triangle angle $\gamma$ in $B^-
\to DK^-$ decays, where $D$ designates a superposition of $D^0$ and
$\bar{D}{}^0$ mesons decaying to a common final state. The results are based on
a combined fit to observables obtained from a re-analysis of the CLEO-c
$\psi(3770)$ data set and those measured in a $D^0\bar{D}^0$ mixing study
performed by the LHCb collaboration.Comment: Error corrected in Eq.(5) and fit results relying on this expression
  updated. Typo corrected in Eq.(1) - no other consequence
The 999th Swift gamma-ray burst: Some like it thermal

We present a multiwavelength study of GRB 151027A. This is the 999th GRB
detected by the Swift satellite and it has a densely sampled emission in the
X-ray and optical band and has been observed and detected in the radio up to
140 days after the prompt. The multiwavelength light curve from 500 s to 140
days can be modelled through a standard forward shock afterglow but requires an
additional component to reproduce the early X-ray and optical emission. We
present TNG and LBT optical observations performed 19.6, 33.9 and 92.3 days
after the trigger which show a bump with respect to a standard afterglow flux
decay and are possibly interpreted as due to the underlying SN and host galaxy
(of 0.4 uJy in the R band). Radio observations, performed with SRT, Medicina,
EVN and VLBA between day 4 and 140, suggest that the burst exploded in an
environment characterised by a density profile scaling with the distance from
the source (wind profile). A remarkable feature of the prompt emission is the
presence of a bright flare 100 s after the trigger, lasting 70 seconds in the
soft X-ray band, which was simultaneously detected from the optical band up to
the MeV energy range. By combining Swift-BAT/XRT and Fermi-GBM data, the
broadband (0.3-1000 keV) time resolved spectral analysis of the flare reveals
the coexistence of a non-thermal (power law) and thermal blackbody components.
The BB component contributes up to 35% of the luminosity in the 0.3-1000 keV
band. The gamma-ray emission observed in Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM anticipates
and lasts less than the soft X-ray emission as observed by Swift-XRT, arguing
against a Comptonization origin. The BB component could either be produced by
an outflow becoming transparent or by the collision of a fast shell with a
slow, heavy and optically thick fireball ejected during the quiescent time
interval between the initial and later flares of the burst.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication A&
Effect of bubble’s arrangement on the viscous torque in bubbly Taylor-Couette flow

An experimental investigation of the interactions between bubbles, coherent motion and viscous drag in a Taylor-Couette flow with the outer cylinder at rest is presented. The cylinder radii ratio η is 0.91. Bubbles are injected inside the gap through a needle at the bottom of the apparatus. Different bubbles sizes are investigated (ratio between the bubble diameter and the gap width ranges from 0.05 to 0.125) for very small void fraction (α≤0.23%). Different flow regimes are studied corresponding to Reynolds number Re based on the gap width and velocity of the inner cylinder, ranging from 6.102 to 2.104. Regarding these Re values, Taylor vortices are persistent leading to an axial periodicity of the flow. A detailed characterization of the vortices is performed for the single-phase flow. The experiment also develops bubbles tracking in a meridian plane and viscous torque of the inner cylinder measurements. The findings of this study show evidence of the link between bubbles localisation, Taylor vortices and viscous torque modifications. We also highlight two regimes of viscous torque modification and various types of bubbles arrangements, depending on their size and on the Reynolds number. Bubbles can have a sliding and wavering motion near the inner cylinder and be either captured by the Taylor vortices or by the outflow areas near the inner cylinder. For small buoyancy effect, bubbles are trapped, leading to an increase of the viscous torque. When buoyancy induced bubbles motion is increased by comparison to the coherent motion of the liquid, a decrease in the viscous torque is rather observed. The type of bubble arrangement is parameterized by the two dimensionless parameters C and H introduced by Climent et al. [E. Climent, M. Simonnet and J. Magnaudet, Phys. Fluids 19, 083301(2007)]. Phase diagrams summarizing the various types of bubbles arrangements, viscous torque modifications and axial wavelength evolution are built
Defining an2-disparity measure to check and improve the geometric accuracy of noninterpolating curved high-order meshes

We define an2-disparity measure between curved high-order meshes and parameterized manifolds in terms of an2norm. The main application of the proposed definition is to measure and improve the distance between a curved\ud
high-order mesh and a target parameterized curve or surface. The approach allows considering meshes with the nodes on top of the curve or surface (interpolative), or floating freely in the physical space (non-interpolative). To compute the\ud
disparity measure, the average of the squared point-wise differences is minimized in terms of the nodal coordinates of an auxiliary parametric high-order mesh. To improve the accuracy of approximating the target manifold with a noninterpolating\ud
curved high-order mesh, we minimize the square of the disparity measure expressed both in terms of the nodal coordinates of the physical and parametric curved high-order meshes. The proposed objective functions are\ud
continuously differentiable and thus, we are able to use minimization algorithms that require the first or the second derivatives of the objective function. Finally, we present several examples that show that the proposed methodology\ud
generates high-order approximations of the target manifold with optimal convergence rates for the geometric accuracy even when non-uniform parameterizations of the manifolds are prescribed. Accordingly, we can generate coarse curved high-order meshes significantly more accurate than finer low-order meshes that feature the same resolution.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Searches for supersymmetry with the ATLAS detector using final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in s=7TeV proton-proton collisions

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)Results of three searches are presented for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying into final states with missing transverse momentum and exactly two isolated leptons, e or μ. The analysis uses a data sample collected during the first half of 2011 that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 1fb-1 of s=7TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Opposite-sign and same-sign dilepton events are separately studied, with no deviations from the Standard Model expectation observed. Additionally, in opposite-sign events, a search is made for an excess of same-flavour over different-flavour lepton pairs. Effective production cross sections in excess of 9.9 fb for opposite-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 250 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. For same-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV, effective production cross sections in excess of 14.8 fb are excluded at 95% CL. The latter limit is interpreted in a simplified electroweak gaugino production model excluding chargino masses up to 200 GeV, under the assumption that slepton decay is dominant
Dynamic expression of Lrp2 pathway members reveals progressive epithelial differentiation of primitive endoderm in mouse blastocyst.

International audienceMesenchyme to epithelium transitions are crucial to embryonic development. The early mouse embryo offers an excellent model to study epithelium formation as during the first three days of development two epithelia are formed, the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE). We have previously shown that PrE cells are determined within the blastocyst ICM long before epithelium formation. In this work, we isolated Lrp2 as a novel PrE precursor (pre-PrE) marker by using a microarray strategy that combines a transcriptome analysis of three stem cell lines and early embryos. A detailed expression analysis shows that Lrp2 expression is induced in late E3.5 embryos indicating that pre-PrE cells are progressively maturing prior to polarization into an epithelium. Furthermore, the subcellular location of Lrp2, Disabled-2 (Dab2) and Collagen-IV shows that the epithelial structure is acquired in individual cells through successive steps
Search for massive resonances decaying into WW, WZ or ZZ bosons in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is presented for new massive resonances decaying to WW, WZ or ZZ
bosons in l nu quark anti-quark and quark anti-quark quark anti-quark final
states. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
2.3-2.7 inverse femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13
TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Decays of spin-1 and spin-2 resonances
into two vector bosons are sought in the mass range 0.6-4.0 TeV. No significant
excess over the standard model background is observed. Combining the results of
the l nu quark anti-quark and quark anti-quark quark anti-quark final states,
cross section and mass exclusion limits are set for models that predict heavy
spin-1 and spin-2 resonances. This is the first search for a narrow-width
spin-2 resonance at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/B2G-16-00
Search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions from pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter describes a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets) produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model in 3.6 fb−13.6 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sources=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The distribution of the invariant mass of the two leading jets is examined for local excesses above a data-derived estimate of the smoothly falling prediction of the Standard Model. The data are also compared to a Monte Carlo simulation of Standard Model angular distributions derived from the rapidity of the two jets. No evidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are used to exclude, at 95% CL, quantum black holes with threshold masses below 8.3 TeV, 8.1 TeV, or 5.1 TeV5.1 TeV in three different benchmark scenarios; resonance masses below 5.2 TeV for excited quarks, 2.6 TeV in a W′W′ model, a range of masses starting from mZ′=1.5 TeVmZ′=1.5 TeV and couplings from gq=0.2gq=0.2 in a Z′Z′ model; and contact interactions with a compositeness scale below 12.0 TeV and 17.5 TeV respectively for destructive and constructive interference between the new interaction and QCD processes. These results significantly extend the ATLAS limits obtained from 8 TeV data. Gaussian-shaped contributions to the mass distribution are also excluded if the effective cross-section exceeds values ranging from approximately 50–300 fb for masses below 2 TeV to 2–20 fb for masses above 4 TeV.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide
Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

This paper describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability - a key to an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future outlook. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status as presented in this conference is given in Gschwendtner et al. [1]
Synaptic Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons Is Locally Controlled by Astrocytes.

Adult neurogenesis is regulated by the neurogenic niche, through mechanisms that remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated whether niche-constituting astrocytes influence the maturation of adult-born hippocampal neurons using two independent transgenic approaches to block vesicular release from astrocytes. In these models, adult-born neurons but not mature neurons showed reduced glutamatergic synaptic input and dendritic spine density that was accompanied with lower functional integration and cell survival. By taking advantage of the mosaic expression of transgenes in astrocytes, we found that spine density was reduced exclusively in segments intersecting blocked astrocytes, revealing an extrinsic, local control of spine formation. Defects in NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic transmission and dendrite maturation were partially restored by exogenous D-serine, whose extracellular level was decreased in transgenic models. Together, these results reveal a critical role for adult astrocytes in local dendritic spine maturation, which is necessary for the NMDAR-dependent functional integration of newborn neurons
Evolutionary dynamics of collective action in spatially structured populations.

Many models proposed to study the evolution of collective action rely on a formalism that represents social interactions as n-player games between individuals adopting discrete actions such as cooperate and defect. Despite the importance of spatial structure in biological collective action, the analysis of n-player games games in spatially structured populations has so far proved elusive. We address this problem by considering mixed strategies and by integrating discrete-action n-player games into the direct fitness approach of social evolution theory. This allows to conveniently identify convergence stable strategies and to capture the effect of population structure by a single structure coefficient, namely, the pairwise (scaled) relatedness among interacting individuals. As an application, we use our mathematical framework to investigate collective action problems associated with the provision of three different kinds of collective goods, paradigmatic of a vast array of helping traits in nature: "public goods" (both providers and shirkers can use the good, e.g., alarm calls), "club goods" (only providers can use the good, e.g., participation in collective hunting), and "charity goods" (only shirkers can use the good, e.g., altruistic sacrifice). We show that relatedness promotes the evolution of collective action in different ways depending on the kind of collective good and its economies of scale. Our findings highlight the importance of explicitly accounting for relatedness, the kind of collective good, and the economies of scale in theoretical and empirical studies of the evolution of collective action
Clonal dynamics reveal two distinct populations of basal cells in slow turnover airway epithelium

Epithelial lineages have been studied at cellular resolution in multiple organs that turn over rapidly. However, many epithelia, including lung, liver, pancreas and prostate, turn over slowly and may be regulated differently. We investigated the mouse tracheal epithelial lineage at homeostasis using long-term clonal analysis and mathematical modelling. This pseudostratified epithelium contains basal cells and secretory and multiciliated luminal cells. Our analysis revealed that basal cells are heterogeneous comprising approximately equal numbers of multipotent stem cells and committed precursors, which persist in the basal layer for 11 days before differentiating to luminal fate. We confirmed the molecular and functional differences within the basal population using single cell RT-qPCR and further lineage-labelling. Additionally, we show that selfrenewal of short-lived secretory cells is a feature of homeostasis. We have thus revealed an unexpected mechanism of epithelial maintenance: early luminal commitment of cells which are morphologically indistinguishable from stem cells.This study was supported by the Medical Research Council (G0900424 to E.R.), European Union grant EuroSyStem (200720; FP7/2008), the Newton Trust (to E.R.), the Wellcome Trust (098357/Z/12/Z to B.D.S.). Core grants from the Wellcome Trust (092096) and Cancer Research UK (C6946/A14492).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.01
Dimensionality constraints of light-induced rotation

We have studied the conditions of rotation induced by collimated light carrying no angular momentum. Objects of different shapes and optical properties were examined in the nontrivial case where the rotation axis is perpendicular to the direction of light propagation. This geometry offers important advantages for application as it fundamentally broadens the possible practical arrangements to be realised. We found that collimated light cannot drive permanent rotation of 2D or prism-like 3D objects (i.e., fixed cross-sectional profile along the rotation axis) in the case of fully reflective or fully transparent materials. Based on both geometrical optics simulations and theoretical analysis, we derived a general condition for rotation induced by collimated light carrying no angular momentum valid for any arrangement: Permanent rotation is not possible if the scattering interaction is two-dimensional and lossless. In contrast, light induced rotation can be sustained if partial absorption is present or the object has specific true 3D geometry. We designed, simulated, fabricated, and experimentally tested a microscopic rotor capable of rotation around an axis perpendicular to the illuminating light. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC
Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at root s = 13 TeV

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at √s = 13TeV. The upper end of the distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions.M.Aaboud ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Democratization and Civil War

The article of record may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.1000529This article examines the impact of civil war on democratization, particu- larly focusing on whether civil war provides an opportunity for institu- tional reform. We investigate the impact of war termination in general, along with prolonged violence, rebel victory and international interven- tion on democratization. Using an unbalanced panel data set of 96 coun- tries covering a 34-year period, our analysis suggests that civil war lowers democratization in the succeeding period. Our findings also suggest that United Nations intervention increases democratization, as do wars ending in stalemates. However, wars ending in rebel victories seem to reduce democratization. These findings appear robust to conditioning, different instrument sets, modelling techniques and the measurement of democracy