pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Beta Ansatz: A Tale of Two Complex Structures

Brane tilings, sometimes called dimer models, are a class of bipartite graphs on a torus which encode the gauge theory data of four-dimensional SCFTs dual to D3-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. An efficient way of encoding this information exploits the theory of dessin d’enfants, expressing the structure in terms of a permutation triple, which is in turn related to a Belyi pair, namely a holomorphic map from a torus to a P1 with three marked points. The procedure of a-maximization, in the context of isoradial embeddings of the dimer, also associates a complex structure to the torus, determined by the R-charges in the SCFT, which can be compared with the Belyi complex structure. Algorithms for the explicit construction of the Belyi pairs are described in detail. In the case of orbifolds, these algorithms are related to the construction of covers of elliptic curves, which exploits the properties of Weierstraß elliptic functions. We present a counter example to a previous conjecture identifying the complex structure of the Belyi curve to the complex structure associated with R-charges
Measurement of the inclusive production cross sections for forward jets and for dijet events with one forward and one central jet in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The inclusive production cross sections for forward jets, as well for jets in dijet events with at least one jet emitted at central and the other at forward pseudorapidities, are measured in the range of transverse momenta p [subscript T] = 35-150 GeV/c in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Forward jets are measured within pseudorapidities 3.2 < |η| < 4.7, and central jets within the |η| < 2.8 range. The differential cross sections d [superscript 2] σ/dp [subscript T] dη are compared to predictions from three approaches in perturbative quantum chromodynamics: (i) next-to-leading-order calculations obtained with and without matching to parton-shower Monte Carlo simulations, (ii) pythia and herwig parton-shower event generators with different tunes of parameters, and (iii) cascade and hej models, including different non-collinear corrections to standard single-parton radiation. The single-jet inclusive forward jet spectrum is well described by all models, but not all predictions are consistent with the spectra observed for the forward-central dijet events.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Flavor mediation delivers natural SUSY

If supersymmetry (SUSY) solves the hierarchy problem, then naturalness considerations coupled with recent LHC bounds require non-trivial superpartner flavor structures. Such “Natural SUSY” models exhibit a large mass hierarchy between scalars of the third and first two generations as well as degeneracy (or alignment) among the first two generations. In this work, we show how this specific beyond the standard model (SM) flavor structure can be tied directly to SM flavor via “Flavor Mediation”. The SM contains an anomaly-free SU(3) flavor symmetry, broken only by Yukawa couplings. By gauging this flavor symmetry in addition to SM gauge symmetries, we can mediate SUSY breaking via (Higgsed) gauge mediation. This automatically delivers a natural SUSY spectrum. Third-generation scalar masses are suppressed due to the dominant breaking of the flavor gauge symmetry in the top direction. More subtly, the first-two-generation scalars remain highly degenerate due to a custodial U(2) symmetry, where the SU(2) factor arises because SU(3) is rank two. This custodial symmetry is broken only at order (m c /m t )2. SUSY gauge coupling unification predictions are preserved, since no new charged matter is introduced, the SM gauge structure is unaltered, and the flavor symmetry treats all matter multiplets equally. Moreover, the uniqueness of the anomaly-free SU(3) flavor group makes possible a number of concrete predictions for the superpartner spectrum.United States. Dept. of Energy (cooperative research agreement DE-FG02- 05ER-41360)United States. Dept. of Energy (Early Career research program DE-FG02-11ER-41741)Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Simons Postdoctoral Fellowship)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant PHY-0907744)Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, N.J.
Measurement of the W boson polarization in top quark decays with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the polarization of W bosons in top quark decays, derived from t¯t events with missing transverse momentum, one charged lepton and at least four jets, or two charged leptons and at least two jets. Data from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV were collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb−1. The measured fractions of longitudinally, left- and right-handed polarization are F0 = 0.67 ± 0.07, FL = 0.32 ± 0.04 and FR = 0.01 ± 0.05, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. As the polarization of the W bosons in top quark decays is sensitive to the Wtb vertex Lorentz structure and couplings, the measurements were used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the Wtb couplings.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR, and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CLA-DSM/IRFU, Frame; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, CIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TALK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measurement of the mass difference between top and antitop quarks

A measurement of the mass difference between the top and the antitop quark (Δm [subscript t] = m [subscript t] − m[¯ over t] ) is performed using events with a muon or an electron and at least four jets in the final state. The analysis is based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.96±0.11 fb[superscript −1], and yields the value of Δm [subscript t] = −0.44±0.46 (stat.)±0.27 (syst.) GeV. This result is consistent with equality of particle and antiparticle masses required by CPT invariance, and provides a significantly improved precision relative to existing measurements.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of EnergyAlfred P. Sloan Foundatio
The two faces of anomaly mediation

Anomaly mediation is a ubiquitous source of supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking which appears in almost every theory of supergravity. In this paper, we show that anomaly mediation really consists of two physically distinct phenomena, which we dub “gravitino mediation” and “Kähler mediation”. Gravitino mediation arises from minimally uplifting SUSY anti-de Sitter (AdS) space to Minkowski space, generating soft masses proportional to the gravitino mass. Kähler mediation arises when visible sector fields have linear couplings to SUSY breaking in the Kähler potential, generating soft masses proportional to beta function coefficients. In the literature, these two phenomena are lumped together under the name “anomaly mediation”, but here we demonstrate that they can be physically disentangled by measuring associated couplings to the goldstino. In particular, we use the example of gaugino soft masses to show that gravitino mediation generates soft masses without corresponding goldstino couplings. This result naively violates the goldstino equivalence theorem but is in fact necessary for supercurrent conservation in AdS space. Since gravitino mediation persists even when the visible sector is sequestered from SUSY breaking, we can use the absence of goldstino couplings as an unambiguous definition of sequestering.United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement DE-FG02-05ER-41360)United States. Dept. of Energy (Early Career Research Program DE-FG02-11ER-41741
Probing charged matter through h → γγ, gamma ray lines, and EDMs

Numerous experiments currently underway offer the potential to indirectly probe new charged particles with masses at the weak scale. For example, the tentative excess in h → γγ decays and the tentative gamma-ray line in Fermi-LAT data have recently attracted attention as possible one-loop signatures of new charged particles. We explore the interplay between such signals, dark matter direct detection through Higgs exchange, and measurements of the electron EDM, by studying the size of these effects in several models. We compute one-loop effects to explore the relationship among couplings probed by different experiments. In particular, models in which dark matter and the Higgs both interact with charged particles at a detectable level typically induce, at loop level, couplings between dark matter and the Higgs that are around the level of current direct detection sensitivity. Intriguingly, one-loop h → γγ and DM DM → γγ, two-loop EDMs, and loop-induced direct detection rates are all coming within range of existing experiments for approximately the same range of charged particle masses, offering the prospect of an exciting coincidence of signals at collider, astrophysical, underground and atomic physics measurements.Physic
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented,
using proton-proton collisions at √
s = 7 TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the
ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1
. Each leptoquark
is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b-quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%.
No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Third
generation leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than
534 GeV.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Measurement of the cross-section for W boson production in association with b-jets in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of the W+b-jets (W +b+X and W +b
¯b+X)
production cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at
the LHC. These results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
4.6 fb−1
, collected with the ATLAS detector. Cross-sections are presented as a function
of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading b-jet for both the muon
and electron decay modes of the W boson. The W+b-jets cross-section, corrected for all
known detector effects, is quoted in a limited kinematic range. Combining the muon and
electron channels, the fiducial cross-section for W+b-jets is measured to be 7.1 ± 0.5 (stat)
± 1.4 (syst) pb, consistent with the next-to-leading order QCD prediction, corrected for
non-perturbative and double-parton interactions (DPI) contributions, of 4.70 ± 0.09 (stat)
+0.60
−0.49 (scale) ±0.06 (PDF) ±0.16 (non-pert) +0.52
−0.38 (DPI) pb.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Measurement of the triple-differential cross section for photon + jets production in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 7 TeV

A measurement of the triple-differential cross section, d[superscript 3]σ/(dp[superscript γ]Tdη[superscript γ]dη[superscript jet]) , in photon + jets final states using a data sample from proton-proton collisions at s√ = 7 TeV is presented. This sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.14 fb[superscript −1] collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Photons and jets are reconstructed within a pseudorapidity range of |η| < 2.5, and are required to have transverse momenta in the range 40 < pjet[over]T < 300 GeV and pjet[over]T > 30 GeV, respectively. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions from the sherpa leading-order QCD Monte Carlo event generator and the next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation from jetphox. The predictions are found to be consistent with the data over most of the examined kinematic region.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Measurement of the production cross sections for a Z boson and one or more b jets in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The production of a Z boson, decaying into two leptons and produced in association with one or more b jets, is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb[superscript −1]. The Z(ℓℓ) + b-jets cross sections (where ℓℓ = μμ or ee) are measured separately for a Z boson produced with exactly one b jet and with at least two b jets. In addition, a cross section ratio is extracted for a Z boson produced with at least one b jet, relative to a Z boson produced with at least one jet. The measured cross sections are compared to various theoretical predictions, and the data favour the predictions in the five-flavour scheme, where b quarks are assumed massless. The kinematic properties of the reconstructed particles are compared with the predictions from the MadGraph event generator using the pythia parton shower simulation.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Search for direct top-squark pair production in final states with two leptons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for direct top-squark pair production in final states with two leptons (electrons or muons) of opposite charge using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. No excess over the Standard Model expectation is found. The results are interpreted under the separate assumptions (i) that the top squark decays to a $b$-quark in addition to an on-shell chargino whose decay occurs via a real or virtual $W$ boson, or (ii) that the top squark decays to a $t$-quark and the lightest neutralino. A top squark with a mass between 150 GeV and 445 GeV decaying to a $b$-quark and an on-shell chargino is excluded at 95 % confidence level for a top squark mass equal to the chargino mass plus 10 GeV, in the case of a 1 GeV lightest neutralino. Top squarks with masses between 215 (90) GeV and 530 (170) GeV decaying to an on-shell (off-shell) $t$-quark and a neutralino are excluded at 95 % confidence level for a 1 GeV neutralino
Search for pair production of excited top quarks in the lepton + jets final state

A search is performed for pair-produced spin-3/2 excited top quarks (t[superscript ∗][¯ over t][superscript ∗]), each decaying to a top quark and a gluon. The search uses data collected with the CMS detector from pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV, selecting events that have a single isolated muon or electron, an imbalance in transverse momentum, and at least six jets, of which one must be compatible with originating from the fragmentation of a b quark. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb[superscript −1], show no significant excess over standard model predictions, and provide a lower limit of 803 GeV at 95% confidence on the mass of the spin-3/2 t* quark in an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model, assuming a 100% branching fraction of its decay into a top quark and a gluon. This is the first search for a spin-3/2 excited top quark performed at the LHC.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Tracking down hyper-boosted top quarks

The identification of hadronically decaying heavy states, such as vector bosons, the Higgs, or the top quark, produced with large transverse boosts has been and will continue to be a central focus of the jet physics program at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). At a future hadron collider working at an order-of-magnitude larger energy than the LHC, these heavy states would be easily produced with transverse boosts of several TeV. At these energies, their decay products will be separated by angular scales comparable to individual calorimeter cells, making the current jet substructure identification techniques for hadronic decay modes not directly employable. In addition, at the high energy and luminosity projected at a future hadron collider, there will be numerous sources for contamination including initial- and final-state radiation, underlying event, or pile-up which must be mitigated. We propose a simple strategy to tag such “hyper-boosted” objects that defines jets with radii that scale inversely proportional to their transverse boost and combines the standard calorimetric information with charged track-based observables. By means of a fast detector simulation, we apply it to top quark identification and demonstrate that our method efficiently discriminates hadronically decaying top quarks from light QCD jets up to transverse boosts of 20 TeV. Our results open the way to tagging heavy objects with energies in the multi-TeV range at present and future hadron colliders.MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives. MIT-Belgium ProgramEuropean Research Council (Grant 291377 "LHCTheory")European Union. Research Executive Agency (Grant Agreement PITN-GA-2012-315877)Belgian National Foundation for Scientific ResearchIISN "MadGraph" convention 4.4511.10IISN "Fundamental interactions" convention 4.4517.08Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Interuniversity Attraction Pole P7/37
Soft theorems from effective field theory

The singular limits of massless gauge theory amplitudes are described by an effective theory, called soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), which has been applied most successfully to make all-orders predictions for observables in collider physics and weak decays. At tree-level, the emission of a soft gauge boson at subleading order in its energy is given by the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem, with the angular momentum operator acting on a lower-point amplitude. For well separated particles at tree-level, we prove the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem using matrix elements of subleading SCET Lagrangian and operator insertions which are individually gauge invariant. These contributions are uniquely determined by gauge invariance and the reparametrization invariance (RPI) symmetry of SCET. RPI in SCET is connected to the infinite-dimensional asymptotic symmetries of the S-matrix. The Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem is generically spoiled by on-shell corrections, including collinear loops and collinear emissions. We demonstrate this explicitly both at tree-level and at one-loop. The effective theory correctly describes these configurations, and we generalize the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem into a new one-loop subleading soft theorem for amplitudes. Our analysis is presented in a manner that illustrates the wider utility of using effective theory techniques to understand the perturbative S-matrix.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Nuclear Physics (DE-SC0011090)United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of High Energy Physics (DE-SC00012567)Simons Foundation (Investigator Grant 327942)MIT Department of Physics Pappalardo Program (Fellowship
Dark Matter constraints on composite Higgs models

In composite Higgs models the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Boson (pNGB) nature of the Higgs field is an interesting alternative for explaining the smallness of the electroweak scale with respect to the beyond the Standard Model scale. In non-minimal models additional pNGB states are present and can be a Dark Matter (DM) candidate, if there is an approximate symmetry suppressing their decay. Here we assume that the low energy effective theory (for scales much below the compositeness scale) corresponds to the Standard Model with a pNGB Higgs doublet and a pNGB DM multiplet. We derive general effective DM Lagrangians for several possible DM representations (under the SM gauge group), including the singlet, doublet and triplet cases. Within this framework we discuss how the DM observables (relic abundance, direct and indirect detection) constrain the dimension-6 operators induced by the strong sector assuming that DM behaves as a Weakly Interacting Particle (WIMP) and that the relic abundance is settled through the freeze-out mechanism. We also apply our general results to two specific cosets: SO(6)/SO(5) and SO(6)/SO(4)×SO(2), which contain a singlet and doublet DM candidate, respectively. In particular we show that if compositeness is a solution to the little hierarchy problem, representations larger than the triplet are strongly disfavored. Furthermore, we find that composite models can have viable DM candidates with much smaller direct detection cross-sections than their non-composite counterparts, making DM detection much more challenging.United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant Contract DE-SC00012567)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant NSF PHY11-25915)Seventh Framework Programme (European Commission) (ITN INVISIBLES Marie Curie Actions PITN-GA-2011-289442