pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D0→e±μ∓

AbstractA search for the lepton-flavour violating decay D0→e±μ∓ is made with a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7TeV and 8TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. Candidate D0 mesons are selected using the decay D⁎+→D0π+ and the D0→e±μ∓ branching fraction is measured using the decay mode D0→K−π+ as a normalization channel. No significant excess of D0→e±μ∓ candidates over the expected background is seen, and a limit is set on the branching fraction, B(D0→e±μ∓)<1.3×10−8, at 90% confidence level. This is an order of magnitude lower than the previous limit and it further constrains the parameter space in some leptoquark models and in supersymmetric models with R-parity violation
Massless monopole clouds and electric–magnetic duality

AbstractWe discuss the Montonen–Olive electric–magnetic duality for the BPS massless monopole clouds in N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory with non-Abelian unbroken gauge symmetries. We argue that these low energy non-Abelian clouds can be identified as the duals of the infrared bremsstrahlung radiation of the non-Abelian massless particles. After we break the N=4 supersymmetry to N=1 by adding a superpotential, or to N=0 by further adding soft breaking terms, these non-Abelian clouds will generally condense and screen the non-Abelian charges of the massive monopole probes. The effective mass of these dual non-Abelian states is likely to persist as we lower the energy to the QCD scale, if all the non-Abelian Higgs particles are massive. This can be regarded as a manifestation of the non-Abelian dual Meissner effect above the QCD scale, and we expect it to continuously connect with the confinement as we lower the supersymmetry breaking scale to the QCD scale
Production of associated χb and open charm at the LHC

AbstractIn the present paper we study the production of χb+cc¯ at the LHC within single parton scattering approach. A special attention is paid to the feed-down from χb states to the associated ϒ+cc¯ production, which was recently studied by the LHCb. We have found that this feed-down is about percents of the total cross section seen in the experiment. It is shown that the shapes of the differential distributions are almost the same for single and double parton scattering approaches except for the azimuthal asymmetry, which is the most distinguishing feature of the latter one. We conclude that the precise study of the single parton scattering contributions is necessary for the correct isolation of the double parton scattering role
[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography of LAPC4-CR Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model in Soft Tissue Compartments

AbstractPreclinical xenograft models have contributed to advancing our understanding of the molecular basis of prostate cancer and to the development of targeted therapy. However, traditional preclinical in vivo techniques using caliper measurements and survival analysis evaluate the macroscopic tumor behavior, whereas tissue sampling disrupts the microenvironment and cannot be used for longitudinal studies in the same animal. Herein, we present an in vivo study of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) designed to evaluate the metabolism within the microenvironment of LAPC4-CR, a unique murine model of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Mice bearing LAPC4-CR subcutaneous tumors were administered [18F]-FDG via intravenous injection. After a 60-minute distribution phase, the mice were imaged on a PET/CT scanner with submillimeter resolution; and the fused PET/CT images were analyzed to evaluate tumor size, location, and metabolism across the cohort of mice. The xenograft tumors showed [18F]-FDG uptake that was independent of tumor size and was significantly greater than uptake in skeletal muscle and liver in mice (Wilcoxon signed-rank P values of .0002 and .0002, respectively). [18F]-FDG metabolism of the LAPC4-CR tumors was 2.1 ± 0.8 ID/cm3*wt, with tumor to muscle ratio of 7.4 ± 4.7 and tumor to liver background ratio of 6.7 ± 2.3. Noninvasive molecular imaging techniques such as PET/CT can be used to probe the microenvironment of tumors in vivo. This study showed that [18F]-FDG-PET/CT could be used to image and assess glucose metabolism of LAPC4-CR xenografts in vivo. Further work can investigate the use of PET/CT to quantify the metabolic response of LAPC4-CR to novel agents and combination therapies using soft tissue and possibly bone compartment xenograft models
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in μ±μ± + jets events in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) using an event signature defined by two muons of the same charge and two jets (μ±μ±jj). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond the expected standard model background and upper limits are set on |VμN|2 as a function of Majorana neutrino mass mN for masses in the range of 40–500 GeV, where VμN is the mixing element of the heavy neutrino with the standard model muon neutrino. The limits obtained are |VμN|2<0.00470 for mN=90 GeV, |VμN|2<0.0123 for mN=200 GeV, and |VμN|2<0.583 for mN=500 GeV. These results extend considerably the regions excluded by previous direct searches
Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option

AbstractAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are the experience of hearing voices in the absence of any speaker, often associated with a schizophrenia diagnosis. Prominent cognitive models of AVHs suggest they may be the result of inner speech being misattributed to an external or non-self source, due to atypical self- or reality monitoring. These arguments are supported by studies showing that people experiencing AVHs often show an externalising bias during monitoring tasks, and neuroimaging evidence which implicates superior temporal brain regions, both during AVHs and during tasks that measure verbal self-monitoring performance. Recently, efficacy of noninvasive neurostimulation techniques as a treatment option for AVHs has been tested. Meta-analyses show a moderate effect size in reduction of AVH frequency, but there has been little attempt to explain the therapeutic effect of neurostimulation in relation to existing cognitive models. This article reviews inner speech models of AVHs, and argues that a possible explanation for reduction in frequency following treatment may be modulation of activity in the brain regions involving the monitoring of inner speech
Long-term antibody persistence after vaccination with a 2-dose Havrix™ (inactivated hepatitis A vaccine) : 20 years of observed data, and long-term model-based predictions

Antibody persistence in two cohorts of adults, who received inactivated hepatitis A (HAV) vaccine (1440El.U; Havrix (TM); GSK Vaccines) according to a 0-6 or 0-12 month schedule in 1992-1993, has been measured annually. After 20 years, >97% of the subjects in both studies were seropositive for anti-HAV antibodies. Geometric mean concentrations in the according-to-protocol cohorts were 312 mIU/ml in 34/36 subjects vaccinated initially at 0-6 months (NCT00289757) and 317 mIU/ml in 85/86 subjects vaccinated at 0-12 months (NCT00291876). Over the whole follow-up period, seven subjects (2 + 5, respectively) lost circulating anti-HAV antibodies but mounted a strong response after HAV booster administration (1440El.U). Mathematical modelling, which was applied to assess true persistence at Year 20 (accounting for drop-outs and missing data), and to predict longer-term persistence confirmed previous estimates that seropositive anti-HAV levels would persist in >= 95% vaccinees at Year 30 and >= 90% at Year 40
Exploring potential mortality reductions in 9 European countries by improving diet and lifestyle: A modelling approach.

Efst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinnCoronary heart disease (CHD) death rates have fallen across most of Europe in recent decades. However, substantial risk factor reductions have not been achieved across all Europe. Our aim was to quantify the potential impact of future policy scenarios on diet and lifestyle on CHD mortality in 9 European countries.We updated the previously validated IMPACT CHD models in 9 European countries and extended them to 2010-11 (the baseline year) to predict reductions in CHD mortality to 2020(ages 25-74years). We compared three scenarios: conservative, intermediate and optimistic on smoking prevalence (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%); saturated fat intake (1%, 2% and 3% absolute decreases in % energy intake, replaced by unsaturated fats); salt (relative decreases of 10%, 20% and 30%), and physical inactivity (absolute decreases of 5%, 10% and 15%). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.Under the conservative, intermediate and optimistic scenarios, we estimated 10.8% (95% CI: 7.3-14.0), 20.7% (95% CI: 15.6-25.2) and 29.1% (95% CI: 22.6-35.0) fewer CHD deaths in 2020. For the optimistic scenario, 15% absolute reductions in smoking could decrease CHD deaths by 8.9%-11.6%, Salt intake relative reductions of 30% by approximately 5.9-8.9%; 3% reductions in saturated fat intake by 6.3-7.5%, and 15% absolute increases in physical activity by 3.7-5.3%.Modest and feasible policy-based reductions in cardiovascular risk factors (already been achieved in some other countries) could translate into substantial reductions in future CHD deaths across Europe. However, this would require the European Union to more effectively implement powerful evidence-based prevention policies
European radiographers’ challenges from mammography education and clinical practice : an integrative review

Objectives
This study aims to identify European radiographers’ challenges in clinical performance in mammography and the main areas of mammography that require more and better training.

Methods
An extensive search was performed to identify relevant studies focused on clinical practice, education and training in mammography published between January 2010 and December 2015 in the English language. The data were analysed by using deductive thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 27 full text articles were read, evaluating their quality. Sixteen articles out of 27 were finally selected for this integrative review. The main challenges of radiographers’ mammography education/training can be divided into three groups: training needs, challenges related to radiographers, and challenges related to the organization of education. The most common challenges of clinical performance in mammography among European radiographers involved technical performance, the quality of practices, and patient-centeredness.

Conclusions
The introduction of harmonized mammography guidelines across Europe may serve as an evidence-based tool to be implemented in practice and education. However, the variability in human and material resources as well as the different cultural contexts should be considered during this process.

Teaching Points
• Radiographers’ awareness of their professional identity and enhancing multiprofessional cooperation in mammography.
• Radiographers’ responsibilities regarding image quality (IQ) and optimal breast imaging performance.
• Patient-centred mammography services focusing on the psychosocial needs of the patient.
• Challenges: positioning, QC-testing, IQ-assessment, optimization of breast compression, communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care.
• Introduction of evidence-based guidelines in Europe to harmonize mammography practice and education
A novel DNA repair disorder with thrombocytopenia, nephrosis and features overlapping Cockayne syndrome

We report on four siblings with Cockayne-like syndrome with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome. The parents were healthy and consanguineous, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of disease inheritance. UV irradiation of fibroblasts revealed an intermediate sensitivity between normal and standard Cockayne syndrome (CS) control cells. A genome-wide linkage scan conducted using Affymetrix 10K arrays provided exclusion of the known CS genes in the family, and evidence that the disease gene maps to 1p33-p31.1. Thrombocytopenia has not previously been linked with CS, but two patients with CS in association with nephrotic syndrome have previously been documented and the phenotypes are compared with the patients described here. We suggest that this Cockayne-like phenotype with thrombocytopenia and nephrotic syndrome may be a novel DNA repair disorder, and propose that further investigation of other affected families may help identify the causative genetic defect
Simultaneous cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging and X-ray microanalysis

A facility has been developed to acquire hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) images simultaneously with X-ray composition data. Based around an electron microprobe, the system uses a built-in Cassegrain microscope to efficiently couple emitted light directly into the entrance slit of an optical spectrograph. A cooled array detector allows the parallel acquisition of CL spectra, which are then built up into a multidimensional data-cube containing the full set of spectrally- and spatially-resolved information for later analysis. This setup has the advantage of allowing wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) data to be recorded concurrently, providing a powerful technique for the direct comparison of luminescent and compositional properties of materials. The combination of beam and sample scanning thus allows the correlation of composition and luminescence inhomogeneities on length scales ranging from a few cm to sub-micron
Isomorphisms, automorphisms, and generalized involution models

We investigate the generalized involution models of the projective reflection
groups $G(r,p,q,n)$. This family of groups parametrizes all quotients of the
complex reflection groups $G(r,p,n)$ by scalar subgroups. Our classification is
ultimately incomplete, but we provide several necessary and sufficient
conditions for generalized involution models to exist in various cases. In the
process we solve several intermediate problems concerning the structure of
projective reflection groups. We derive a simple criterion for determining
whether two groups $G(r,p,q,n)$ and $G(r,p',q',n)$ are isomorphic. We also
describe explicitly the form of all automorphisms of $G(r,p,q,n)$, outside a
finite list of exceptional cases. Building on prior work, this allows us to
prove that $G(r,p,1,n)$ has a generalized involution model if and only if
$G(r,p,1,n) \cong G(r,1,p,n)$. We also classify which groups $G(r,p,q,n)$ have
generalized involution models when $n=2$, or $q$ is odd, or $n$ is odd.Comment: 36 page
Factor H-related protein 1 neutralizes anti-factor H autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic uremic syndrome.

The autoimmune form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by circulating autoantibodies against the complement regulator factor H, and is often associated with deficiency of the factor H-related proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3. Here we studied whether anti-factor H autoantibodies crossreact with CFHR1, and determined functional consequences of this. In ELISA, anti-factor H immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies from 24 atypical HUS patients bound to the short consensus repeat 20 domain of factor H, 21 antibodies also recognized CFHR1, but none CFHR3. Three patients also had anti-factor H IgA autoantibodies crossreacting with CFHR1. Analysis of the IgG fractions in CFHR1-deficient patients found that CFHR1-IgG complexes were formed during plasma exchange treatment, indicating that autoantibodies recognize CFHR1 in vivo. Recombinant CFHR1 prevented hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes caused by patient plasma containing anti-factor H IgG, but it did not inhibit red cell lysis caused by a factor H mutation (W1183 L) in the short consensus repeat 20 domain. Thus, exogenous CFHR1 provided during plasma exchange therapy may neutralize anti-factor H autoantibodies and help in the treatment of autoimmune atypical HUS
Measurement of the ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions of Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- and B+/- to J/psi K+/- and B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+)/B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/-) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions (sigma(Bc+) B(Bc+ to J/psi pi+))/ (sigma(B+) B(B+ to J/psi K+)) is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The kinematic region investigated requires Bc+/- and B+/- mesons with transverse momentum pt &gt; 15 GeV and rapidity abs(y) &lt; 1.6. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 inverse femtobarns. The ratio is determined to be [0.48 +/- 0.05 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst) +/- 0.05 (tau_{; ; Bc}; ; )]% The J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+ decay mode is also observed in the same data sample. Using a model- independent method developed to measure the efficiency given the presence of resonant behaviour in the three-pion system, the ratio of the branching fractions B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+) / B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/-) is measured to be 2.55 +/- 0.80 (stat) +/- 0.33 (syst) +0.04/-0.01 (tau[Bc+]), consistent with the previous LHCb result
Flexural behaviour of laminated fibre composite sandwich beams

A new generation composite sandwich made up of glass fibre reinforced polymer skins and lightweight but high strength core material has been developed in Australia. Experimental investigation was conducted to determine the behaviour of this composite sandwich with a view of using this material for structural beam. As these sandwiches are produced in limited thicknesses, the structural beam section could be attained by gluing a number of sandwiches in the flatwise (horizontal) or edgewise (vertical) positions. Characterisation of the behaviour of individual sandwiches as well as beams with 2, 3 and 4 composite sandwiches glued together was conducted. The results showed that the composite sandwiches in the edgewise position has a 9% lower effective modulus of elasticity in bending than in the flatwise position. However, it failed at a 20% higher load with a different failure mode. The specimens in the edgewise position failed with greater ductility due to progressive failure of the fibre composite skins while the specimens in the flatwise position failed in a brittle manner due to core shear failure followed by delamination between the skin and the core. These initial results are very encouraging. With further investigation, the development of structural beams from these fibre composite sandwiches could be realised
Drift-dependent changes in iceberg size-frequency distributions.

Although the size-frequency distributions of icebergs can provide insight into how they disintegrate, our understanding of this process is incomplete. Fundamentally, there is a discrepancy between iceberg power-law size-frequency distributions observed at glacial calving fronts and lognormal size-frequency distributions observed globally within open waters that remains unexplained. Here we use passive seismic monitoring to examine mechanisms of iceberg disintegration as a function of drift. Our results indicate that the shift in the size-frequency distribution of iceberg sizes observed is a product of fracture-driven iceberg disintegration and dimensional reductions through melting. We suggest that changes in the characteristic size-frequency scaling of icebergs can be explained by the emergence of a dominant set of driving processes of iceberg degradation towards the open ocean. Consequently, the size-frequency distribution required to model iceberg distributions accurately must vary according to distance from the calving front
Satisfied and dissatisfied couples: Positive and negative dimensions, conflict styles, and relationships with family of origin

The purpose of the present study was to analyse marital functioning of satisfied couples and dissatisfied couples by comparing satisfied couples, dissatisfied couples, and couples in therapy. The sample was composed of totally 226 married couples (85 satisfied couples, 55 dissatisfied couples, 86 couples in therapy). Measures addressed topics such as positive and negative dimensions of marital functioning, conflict styles (compromise, violence, avoidance and offence) and the quality of the relationship with family of origin.\ud
Results indicated that in comparison to distressed couples, nondistressed couples have more positive and less negative dimensions, a higher ratio between positivity and negativity, more appropriate conflict styles (more compromise and less violence, avoidance and offence) as well as a better relationship with their family of origin. Satisfied couples significantly showed the highest levels of positive dimensions, while couples in therapy reported the highest levels of negative dimensions. Dissatisfied couples were in-between
Search for production of vector-like quark pairs and of four top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of vector-like quarks, both up-type (T) and down-type (B), as well as for four-top-quark production, is presented. The search is based on pp collisions at (Formula presented.) TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb ⁻¹. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets. Dedicated analyses are performed targeting three cases: a T quark with significant branching ratio to a W boson and a b-quark (TT¯→Wb+X), and both a T quark and a B quark with significant branching ratio to a Higgs boson and a third-generation quark (TT¯→Ht+XandBB¯→Hb+X respectively). No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL lower limits are derived on the masses of the vector-like T and B quarks under several branching ratio hypotheses assuming contributions from T → Wb, Zt, Ht and B → Wt, Zb, Hb decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the T quark mass range between 715 GeV and 950 GeV for all possible values of the branching ratios into the three decay modes, and are the most stringent constraints to date. Additionally, the most restrictive upper bounds on four-top-quark production are set in a number of new physics scenarios
Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health

Polysaccharides derived from plant foods are major components of the human diet, with limited contributions of related components from fungal and algal sources. In particular, starch and other storage carbohydrates are the major sources of energy in all diets, while cell wall polysaccharides are the major components of dietary fiber. We review the role of these components in the human diet, including their structure and distribution, their modification during food processing and effects on functional properties, their behavior in the gastrointestinal tract, and their contribution to healthy diets