pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Science, value and material decay in the conservation of historic environments.

The historic environment undergoes cycles of material deterioration, and these processes have a powerful impact on the meanings and values associated with it. In particular, decay informs the experience of authenticity, as a tangible mark of age and ‘the real’. This article examines the intersection between material transformation, scientific intervention and cultural value. Drawing on qualitative social research at three Scottish historic buildings, we show that there are a complex range of cultural values and qualities associated with material transformation. Furthermore, we highlight how the use of science-based conservation to characterise, and intervene in, processes of material transformation can affect these values and qualities. We argue that it is necessary and important to consider the cultural ramifications of such interventions alongside their material effects. This requires a case-by-case approach, because the cultural values and qualities associated with material transformation are context-specific and vary with different kinds of monuments and materials. We conclude with a series of recommendations aimed at integrating humanities and science-based approaches to transformation in the historic environment
Cutting cost in service systems: Are you running with scissors?

A rigorous link between the domains of cost estimation, systems theory and accident investigation reveals fundamental epistemological limitations of commonly employed cost models when dealing with the characteristics of systems, particularly service systems, which may hinder the ability to take appropriate action for cost reductions.\ud
Key points:\ud
1.	The ability to take action, in particular related to cost reductions in service systems, is strongly influenced by the understanding (epistemological assumptions) underlying a decision-support tool, in this case a cost estimate.\ud
2.	There is a conflict in the underlying epistemological assumptions about what is and can be known in such a socio-technical system as a service system.\ud
3.	A managerial perspective of cost estimation which neglects the essential characteristics of service systems may drive behaviour which is locally optimised but creates tension or failure at the system level.\ud
4.	Cost cutting decisions that are based on a flawed understanding of the situation can lead to counter-intuitive outcomes for organisations; hence practical guidance is needed to help managers consciously consider the underlying epistemological assumptions in a given situation
Character of Matter in Holography: Spin-Orbit Interaction

Gauge/Gravity duality as a theory of matter needs a systematic way to
characterise a system. We suggest a `dimensional lifting' of the least
irrelevant interaction to the bulk theory. As an example, we consider the
spin-orbit interaction, which causes magneto-electric interaction term. We show
that its lifting is an axionic coupling. We present an exact and analytic
solution describing diamagnetic response. Experimental data on annealed
graphite shows a remarkable similarity to our theoretical result. We also find
an analytic formulas of DC transport coefficients, according to which, the
anomalous Hall coefficient interpolates between the coherent metallic regime
with $\rho_{xx}^{2}$ and incoherent metallic regime with $\rho_{xx}$ as we
increase the disorder parameter $\beta$. The strength of the spin-orbit
interaction also interpolates between the two scaling regimes.Comment: 15pages, 3 figure
Warp evidences in precessing galactic bar models

Most galaxies have a warped shape when they are seen from an edge-on point of
view. The reason for this curious form is not completely known so far and in
this work we apply dynamical system tools to contribute to its explanation.
Starting from a simple, but realistic, model formed by a bar and a disc, we
study the effect produced by a small misalignment between the angular momentum
of the system and its angular velocity. To this end, a precession model is
developed and considered, assuming that the bar behaves like a rigid body.
After checking that the periodic orbits inside the bar keep being the skeleton
of the inner system, even after inflicting a precession to the potential, we
compute the invariant manifolds of the unstable periodic orbits departing from
the equilibrium points at the ends of the bar to get evidences of their warped
shapes. As it is well known, the invariant manifolds associated with these
periodic orbits drive the arms and rings of barred galaxies and constitute the
skeleton of these building blocks. Looking at them from a side-on viewpoint, we
find that these manifolds present warped shapes as those recognized in
observations. Lastly, test particle simulations have been performed to
determine how the stars are affected by the applied precession, confirming this
way the theoretical results obtained.Comment: 14 pages, 21 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A (15th Jan 2016
Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at
  mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76
  TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at
mid-rapidity ($|y|$ $<$ 0.7) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm
NN}} = 2.76$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The particle azimuthal distribution
with respect to the reaction plane can be parametrized with a Fourier
expansion, where the second coefficient ($v_{\rm 2}$) represents the elliptic
flow. The $v_{\rm 2}$ coefficient of inclusive electrons is measured in three
centrality classes (0-10%, 10-20% and 20-40%) with the event plane and the
scalar product methods in the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) intervals
0.5-13 GeV/$c$ and 0.5-8 GeV/$c$, respectively. After subtracting the
background, mainly from photon conversions and Dalitz decays of neutral mesons,
a positive $v_{\rm 2}$ of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is
observed in all centrality classes, with a maximum significance of $5.9\sigma$
in the interval $2 <$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 2.5 GeV/$c$ in semi-central collisions
(20-40%). The value of $v_{\rm 2}$ decreases towards more central collisions at
low and intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ (0.5 $<$ $p_{\rm T}$ $<$ 3 GeV/$c$). The
$v_{\rm 2}$ of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity is
found to be similar to the one of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at
forward rapidity (2.5 $<$ $y$ $<$ 4). The results are described within
uncertainties by model calculations including substantial elastic interactions
of heavy quarks with an expanding strongly-interacting medium.Comment: 36 pages, 11 captioned figures, 5 tables, authors from page 31,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/279
Chloroplasts play a central role in plant defence and are targeted by pathogen effectors

AcceptedArticleMicrobe associated molecular pattern (MAMP) receptors in plants recognize MAMPs and activate basal defences; however a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological mechanisms conferring immunity remains elusive. Pathogens suppress active defence in plants through the combined action of effector proteins. Here we show that the chloroplast is a key component of early immune responses. MAMP perception triggers the rapid, large-scale suppression of nuclear encoded chloroplast-targeted genes (NECGs). Virulent Pseudomonas syringae effectors reprogramme NECG expression in Arabidopsis, target the chloroplast and inhibit photosynthetic CO2 assimilation through disruption of photosystem II. This activity prevents a chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst. These physiological changes precede bacterial multiplication and coincide with pathogen-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation. MAMP pretreatment protects chloroplasts from effector manipulation, whereas application of ABA or the inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport, DCMU, abolishes the MAMP-induced chloroplastic reactive oxygen burst, and enhances growth of a P. syringae hrpA mutant that fails to secrete effectors.BBSRCRalph Bock and the Max Planck SocietyPRESTA consortiu
Evaluation of a candidate breast cancer associated SNP in ERCC4 as a risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2 (CIMBA)

Background: In this study we aimed to evaluate the role of a SNP in intron 1 of the ERCC4 gene (rs744154), previously reported to be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in the general population, as a breast cancer risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Methods: We have genotyped rs744154 in 9408 BRCA1 and 5632 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and assessed its association with breast cancer risk using a retrospective weighted cohort approach. Results: We found no evidence of association with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 (per-allele HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.04, P0.5) or BRCA2 (per-allele HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89-1.06, P0.5) mutation carriers. Conclusion: This SNP is not a significant modifier of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers, though weak associations cannot be ruled out
A study of the Z production cross-section in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using tau final states

A measurement of the inclusive Z → ττ cross-section in pp collisions at s√=7TeV is presented based on a dataset of 1.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector. Candidates for Z → τ τ decays are identified through reconstructed final states with two muons, a muon and an electron, a muon and a hadron, or an electron and a hadron. The production cross-section for Z bosons, with invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/c 2, which decay to τ leptons with transverse momenta greater than 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5, is measured to be σ pp→Z→ττ = 71.4 ± 3.5 ± 2.8 ± 2.5 pb; the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The ratio of the cross-sections for Z → τ τ to Z → μμ is determined to be 0.93 ± 0.09, where the uncertainty is the combination of statistical, systematic, and luminosity uncertainties of the two measurements
Measurement of the prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarizations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The polarizations of prompt J/psi and psi(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using a dimuon data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 inverse femtobarns. The prompt J/psi and psi(2S) polarization parameters lambda[theta], lambda[phi], and lambda[theta, phi], as well as the frame-invariant quantity lambda(tilde), are measured from the dimuon decay angular distributions in three different polarization frames. The J/psi results are obtained in the transverse momentum range 14 &lt; pt &lt; 70 GeV, in the rapidity intervals abs(y) &lt; 0.6 and 0.6 &lt; abs(y) &lt; 1.2. The corresponding psi(2S) results cover 14 &lt; pt &lt; 50 GeV and include a third rapidity bin, 1.2 &lt; abs(y) &lt; 1.5. No evidence of large transverse or longitudinal polarizations is seen in these kinematic regions, which extend much beyond those previously explored
Measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the total transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

This paper describes measurements of the sum of the transverse energy of particles as a function of particle pseudorapidity, eta, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy, root s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the region \eta\ < 4.8 for two event classes: those requiring the presence of particles with a low transverse momentum and those requiring particles with a significant transverse momentum. In the second dataset measurements are made in the region transverse to the hard scatter. The distributions are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which generally tend to underestimate the amount of transverse energy at high \eta\
Synthesis of azafluorenones and related compounds using deprotocupration-aroylation followed by intramolecular direct arylation

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.International audienceThe efficiency of the deprotocupration-aroylation of 2-chloropyridine using lithiocuprates prepared from CuX (X=Cl, Br) and LiTMP (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidido, 2 equiv) was investigated. CuCl was identified as a more suitable copper source than CuBr for this purpose. Different diaryl ketones bearing a halogen at the 2 position of one of the aryl groups were synthesized in this way from azines and thiophenes. These were then involved in palladium-catalyzed ring closure: substrates underwent expected CH-activation-type arylation to afford fluorenone-type compounds, and were also subjected to cyclization reactions leading to xanthones, notably in the presence of oxygen-containing substituents or reagents
Sharp $L^{p}$ estimates for discrete second order Riesz transforms

22 pagesWe show that multipliers of second order Riesz transforms on products of discrete abelian groups enjoy the $L^{p} $ estimate $p^{\ast} -1$, where $p^{\ast} = \max \{ p,q \}$ and $p$ and $q$ are conjugate exponents. This estimate is sharp if one considers all multipliers of the form $\sum_{i} \sigma_{i} R_{i} R^{\ast}_{i} \nocomma$ with $| \sigma_{i} | \leqslant 1$ and infinite groups. In the real valued case, we obtain better sharp estimates for some specific multipliers, such as $\sum_{i} \sigma_{i} R_{i} R^{\ast}_{i} \nocomma$ with $0 \leqslant \sigma_{i} \leqslant 1$. These are the first known precise $L^{p} $ estimates for discrete Calder{ó}n-Zygmund operators
Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring : methodological approach

International audienceAn approach to derive relationships for defining land degradation and desertification risk and developing appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of the various land management practices using indicators is presented in the present paper. In order to investigate which indicators are most effective in assessing the level of desertification risk, a total of 70 candidate indicators was selected providing information for the biophysical environment , socioeconomic conditions, and land management characteristics. The indicators were defined in 1,672 field sites located in 17 study areas in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Based on an existing geo-referenced database, classes were designated  for  each  indicator  and  a  sensitivity  score  todesertification was assigned to each class based on existing research. The obtained data were analyzed for the various processes  of  land  degradation  at  farm  level.  The  derived methodology  was  assessed  using  independent  indicators, such  as  the  measured soil  erosion  rate,  and  the  organic matter content of the soil. Based on regression analyses, the collected  indicator  set  can  be  reduced  to  a  number  of effective  indicators  ranging  from  8  to  17  in  the  various processes of land degradation. Among the most important indicators   identified   as   affecting   land   degradation   and desertification  risk  were  rain  seasonality,  slope  gradient,plant cover, rate of land abandonment, land-use intensity, and the level of policy implementation
Maximal accretive extensions of Schrödinger operators on vector bundles over infinite graphs

We have made significant revisions of the previous version. In particular, this version has a new title: "Maximal Accretive Extensions of Schrödinger Operators on Vector Bundles over Infinite Graphs." The final version will appear in Integral Equations and Operator Theory and will be availableat Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00020-014-2196-zGiven a Hermitian vector bundle over an infinite weighted graph, we define the Laplacian associated to a unitary connection on this bundle and study the essential self-adjointness of a perturbation of this Laplacian by an operator-valued potential. Additionally, we give a sufficient condition for the resulting Schrödinger operator to serve as the generator of a strongly continuous contraction semigroup in the corresponding l^{p}-space
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling
 : 
I. The grand-design spiral galaxy M 51

International audienceContext. Dust reprocesses about half of the stellar radiation in galaxies. The thermal re-emission by dust of absorbed energy is considered to be driven merely by young stars so is often applied to tracing the star formation rate in galaxies. Recent studies have argued that the old stellar population might be responsible for a non-negligible fraction of the radiative dust heating.Aims. In this work, we aim to analyze the contribution of young (≲100 Myr) and old (~10 Gyr) stellar populations to radiative dust heating processes in the nearby grand-design spiral galaxy M 51 using radiative transfer modeling. High-resolution 3D radiative transfer (RT) models are required to describe the complex morphologies of asymmetric spiral arms and clumpy star-forming regions and to model the propagation of light through a dusty medium. Methods. In this paper, we present a new technique developed to model the radiative transfer effects in nearby face-on galaxies. We construct a high-resolution 3D radiative transfer model with the Monte-Carlo code SKIRT to account for the absorption, scattering, and non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) emission of dust in M 51. The 3D distribution of stars is derived from the 2D morphology observed in the IRAC 3.6 μm, GALEX FUV, Hα, and MIPS 24 μm wavebands, assuming an exponential vertical distribution with an appropriate scale height. The dust geometry is constrained through the far-ultraviolet (FUV) attenuation, which is derived from the observed total-infrared-to-far-ultraviolet luminosity ratio. The stellar luminosity, star formation rate, and dust mass have been scaled to reproduce the observed stellar spectral energy distribution (SED), FUV attenuation, and infrared SED.Results. The dust emission derived from RT calculations is consistent with far-infrared and submillimeter observations of M 51, implying that the absorbed stellar energy is balanced by the thermal re-emission of dust. The young stars provide 63% of the energy for heating the dust responsible for the total infrared emission (8−1000 μm), while 37% of the dust emission is governed through heating by the evolved stellar population. In individual wavebands, the contribution from young stars to the dust heating dominates at all infrared wavebands but gradually decreases towards longer infrared and submillimeter wavebands for which the old stellar population becomes a non-negligible source of heating. Upon extrapolation of the results for M 51, we present prescriptions for estimating the contribution of young stars to the global dust heating based on a tight correlation between the dust heating fraction and specific star formation rate
Determination of gamma and -2beta_s from charmless two-body decays of beauty mesons

See paper for full list of authorsInternational audienceUsing the latest LHCb measurements of time-dependent CP violation in the B^0_s -> K^+K^- decay, a U-spin relation between the decay amplitudes of B^0_s -> K^+K^- and B^0 -> \pi^+\pi^- decay processes allows constraints to be placed on the angle gamma of the unitarity triangle and on the B^0_s mixing phase -2\beta_s. Results from an extended approach, which uses additional inputs on B^0 -> \pi^0\pi^0 and B^+ -> \pi^+\pi^0 decays from other experiments and exploits isospin symmetry, are also presented. The dependence of the results on the maximum allowed amount of U-spin breaking is studied. At 68% probability, the value \gamma = ( 63.5 +7.2 -6.7 ) degrees modulo 180 degrees is determined. In an alternative analysis, the value -2\beta_s = -0.12 +0.14 -0.16 rad is found. In both measurements, the uncertainties due to U-spin breaking effects up to 50% are included
The trade-growth nexus in the developing countries: a quantile regression approach

International audienceThis paper applies quantile regression techniques to investigate how the impact of trade openness on the growth rate of per capita income varies with the conditional distribution of growth. Using formal robustness analyses, we first identify robust variables affecting economic growth (investment, government balance, terms of trade, inflation, and population growth) which we then use as controls in the quantile regression estimations. Our findings suggest a heterogeneous trade-growth nexus: for both the short and the long run, the effect of openness on growth is higher in countries with low growth rates compared to those with high growth rates
Orbit classification in the meridional plane of a disk galaxy model with spherical nucleus

We investigate the regular or chaotic nature of star orbits moving in themeridional  plane of an axially symmetric galactic model with a disk and a spherical nucleus. We study  the influence of some important parameters of the dynamical system, such as the mass and  the scale length of the nucleus, the angular momentum or the energy, by computing in each  case the percentage of chaotic orbits, as well as the percentages of orbits of the main regular  resonant families. Some heuristic arguments to explain and justify the numerically derived  outcomes are also given. Furthermore,we present a newmethod to find the threshold between  chaos and regularity for both Lyapunov Characteristic Numbers and SALI, by using them  simultaneously.Fil: Zotos, Euaggelos E.. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. School of Science. Department of Physics; Grecia;Fil: Carpintero, Daniel Diego. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina
Implementation of a Differential Flatness Based Controller on an Open Channel Using a SCADA System

International audienceWith a population of more than 6 billion people, food production from agriculture must be raised to meet increasing demand. While irrigated agriculture provides 40% of the total food production, it represents 80% of the freshwater consumption worldwide. In summer and drought conditions, efficient management of scarce water resources becomes crucial. The majority of irrigation canals are managed manually, however, with large water losses leading to low water efficiency. This article focuses on the development of algorithms that could contribute to more efficient management of irrigation canals that convey water from a source, generally a dam or reservoir located upstream, to water users. We also describe the implementation of an algorithm for real-time irrigation operation using a supervision, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system with an automatic centralized controller. Irrigation canals can be viewed and modeled as delay systems since it takes time for the water released at the upstream end to reach the user located downstream. We thus present an open-loop controller that can deliver water at a given location at a specified time. The development of this controller requires a method for inverting the equations that describe the dynamics of the canal in order to parameterize the controlled input as a function of the desired output. The Saint-Venant equations [1] are widely used to describe water discharge in a canal. Since these equations are not easy to invert, we consider a simplified model, called the Hayami model. We then use differential flatness to invert the dynamics of the system and to design an open-loop controller