pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Designing pulse laser surface modification of H13 steel using response surface method

This paper presents a design of experiment (DOE) for laser surface modification process of AISI H13 tool steel in achieving the maximum hardness and minimum surface roughness at a range of modified layer depth. A Rofin DC-015 diffusion-cooled CO2 slab laser was used to process AISI H13 tool steel samples. Samples of 10 mm diameter were sectioned to 100 mm length in order to process a predefined circumferential area. The parameters selected for examination were laser peak power, overlap percentage and pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The response surface method with Box-Behnken design approach in Design Expert 7 software was used to design the H13 laser surface modification process. Metallographic study and image analysis were done to measure the modified layer depth. The modified surface roughness was measured using two-dimensional surface profilometer. The correlation of the three laser processing parameters and the modified surface properties was specified by plotting three-dimensional graph. The hardness properties were tested at 981 mN force. From metallographic study, the laser modified surface depth was between 37 8m and 150 8m. The average surface roughness recorded from the 2D profilometry was at a minimum value of 1.8 8m. The maximum hardness achieved was between 728 and 905 HV0.1.These findings are significant to modern development of hard coatings for wear resistant applications
Exploring the ideological undercurrents of HRM: \ud
Workplace values and beliefs in Ireland & New Zealand

Despite hints of more pluralist undercurrents, workplace values and beliefs have rarely been surfaced to inform our understanding of HRM. This paper examines management and employee workplace values and beliefs in the national contexts of Ireland and New Zealand. The findings indicate a) a divergence of managerial beliefs at the level of society and the level of their own workplace, b) an overall pluralist orientation amongst employees. These findings highlight the importance of greater sensitivity to ideological orientation and more pluralist understandings of HR
The impact of a curriculum course on pre-service primary teachers' science content knowledge and attitudes towards teaching science

Many primary school teachers have insufficient content and pedagogical knowledge of science. This lack of knowledge can often lead to a lack of confidence and competence in teaching science. This article explores the impact of a year-long science methodology (curriculum science) course on second year Bachelor of Education (BEd) students' conceptual and pedagogical knowledge of science and on their attitudes towards teaching science in the primary classroom. A questionnaire, containing closed and open questions, was administered to students at the beginning and end of their science methodology course. The findings revealed that the science course had a positive impact on developing students’ scientific content knowledge. While the students were positive about the prospect of teaching science, insufficient scientific content knowledge was a concern for many of them, as were concerns over various teaching methodologies and classroom management issues in teaching science. The findings of this study are worrying, as it is likely that high percentages of these students will enter the teaching profession with similar inaccurate conceptions of science as the students they will be teaching
Automatic detection of joints and quantification of knee osteoarthritis severity using convolutional neural networks

This paper introduces a new approach to automatically quantify the severity of knee OA using X-ray images. Automatically quantifying knee OA severity involves two steps: first, automatically localizing the knee joints; next, classifying the localized knee joint images. We introduce a new approach to automatically detect the knee joints using a fully convolutional neural network (FCN). We train convolutional neural networks (CNN) from scratch to automatically quantify the knee OA severity optimizing a weighted ratio of two loss functions: categorical cross-entropy and mean-squared loss. This joint training further improves the overall quantification of knee OA severity, with the added benefit of naturally producing simultaneous multi-class classification and regression outputs. Two public datasets are used to evaluate our approach, the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST), with extremely promising results that outperform existing approaches
X-ray microtomography analysis of the damage micromechanisms in 3D woven composites under low-velocity impact

3D woven composites reinforced with either S2 glass, carbon or a hybrid combination of both and containing either polyethylene or carbon z-yarns were tested under low-velocity impact. Different impact energies (in the range of 21–316 J) were used and the mechanical response (in terms of the impact strength and energy dissipated) was compared with that measured in high-performance, albeit standard, 2D laminates. It was found that the impact strength in both 2D and 3D materials was mainly dependent on the in-plane fiber fracture. Conversely, the energy absorption capability was primarily influenced by the presence of z-yarns, having the 3D composites dissipated over twice the energy than the 2D laminates, irrespective of their individual characteristics (fiber type, compaction degree, porosity, etc.). X-ray microtomography revealed that this improvement was due to the z-yarns, which delayed delamination and maintained the structural integrity of the laminate, promoting energy dissipation by tow splitting, intensive fiber breakage under the tup and formation of a plug by out-of-plane shear
Joint Goal Human Robot collaboration-From Remembering to Inferring

The ability to infer goals, consequences of one’s own and others’ actions is a critical desirable feature for robots to truly become our companions-thereby opening up applications in several domains. This article proposes the viewpoint that the ability to remember our own past experiences based on present context enables us to infer future consequences of both our actions/goals and observed actions/goals of the other (by analogy). In this context, a biomimetic episodic memory architecture to encode diverse learning experiences of iCub humanoid is presented. The critical feature is that partial cues from the present environment like objects perceived or observed actions of a human triggers a recall of context relevant past experiences thereby enabling the robot to infer rewarding future states and engage in cooperative goal-oriented behaviors. An assembly task jointly done by human and the iCub humanoid is used to illustrate the framework. Link between the proposed framework and emerging results from neurosciences related to shared cortical basis for ‘remembering, imagining and perspective taking’ is discussed
A. Bayliss, J. Hines, K. H ø ilund Nielsen, F.G. McCormac & C. Scull: Anglo-Saxon Graves and Grave Goods of the Sixth and Seventh Centuries AD: A Chronological Framework

This is an electronic version of an article published in the Norwegian Archaeological Review. © 2014 Taylor & Francis; Norwegian Archaeological Review is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2014.909881.This massive volume (slightly less than 2.5 kg) on
Anglo-Saxon chronology, edited by John Hines
and  Alex  Bayliss,  is  the  result  of  a  multi-disciplinary and collaborative project begun in
1997. Prior to the project  no comprehensive
chronological framework for this period existed.
The following quote might express a guiding
premise:
‘
Chronological  position,  associations
and sequencing are therefore fundamental to
serious understanding of any of the major historical questions and topics for study
’
(p. 560,
with references)
Observation of epitaxially ordered twinned zinc aluminate “nanoblades” on c-capphire

We report the observation of a novel nanostructured growth mode of the ceramic spinel zinc aluminate grown on c-sapphire in the form of epitaxially ordered twinned crystallites with pronounced vertically aligned “nanoblades” on top of these crystallites. The nanostructures are formed on bare c-sapphire substrates using a vapour phase transport method. Electron microscopy images reveal the nanostructure morphology and dimensions and allow direct and indirect observation of the twin boundary location in a number of samples. The nanoblade structure with sharply rising sidewalls gives rise to a distinctive bright contrast in secondary electron images in scanning electron microscopy measurements
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Reactive Oxygen Species in Excitotoxicity and Apoptosis: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

In recent years we have witnessed a major interest in the study of the role of mitochondria, not only as ATP producers through oxidative phosphorylation but also as regulators of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and endogenous producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the mitochondria have been also implicated as central executioners of cell death. Increased mitochondrial Ca2+ overload as a result of excitotoxicity has been associated with the generation of superoxide and may induce the release of proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins, proceeding through DNA fragmentation/condensation and culminating in cell demise by apoptosis and/or necrosis. In addition, these processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, which share several features of cell death: selective brain areas undergo neurodegeneration, involving mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial complexes are affected), loss of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, excitotoxicity, and the extracellular or intracellular accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates in the brain.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:102568261138
Cosmological Perturbations in the Projectable Version of Horava-Lifshitz
  Gravity

We consider linear perturbations about a homogeneous and isotropic
cosmological background in the projectable version of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz
gravity. Starting from the action for cosmological perturbations, we identify
the canonically normalized fluctuation variables. We find that - in contrast to
what happens in the non-projectable version of the theory - the extra scalar
cosmological perturbation mode is already dynamical at the level of linear
perturbations. For values of the parameter $\lambda$ in the range $1/3 <
\lambda < 1$, the extra mode is ghost-like, for values $1 < \lambda$ and
$\lambda < 1/3$ it is tachyonic. This indicates a problem for the projectable
version of Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity.Comment: 13 page
The solution of multi-scale partial differential equations using wavelets

Wavelets are a powerful new mathematical tool which offers the possibility to treat in a natural way quantities characterized by several length scales. In this article we will show how wavelets can be used to solve partial differential equations which exhibit widely varying length scales and which are therefore hardly accessible by other numerical methods. As a benchmark calculation we solve Poisson's equation for a 3-dimensional Uranium dimer. The length scales of the charge distribution vary by 4 orders of magnitude in this case. Using lifted interpolating wavelets the number of iterations is independent of the maximal resolution and the computational effort therefore scales strictly linearly with respect to the size of the system
MURC/Cavin-4 and Cavin Family Members Form Tissue-Specific Caveolar Complexes

Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF)/Cavin is a cytoplasmic protein whose expression is obligatory for caveola formation. Using biochemistry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer–based approaches, we now show that a family of related proteins, PTRF/Cavin-1, serum deprivation response (SDR)/Cavin-2, SDR-related gene product that binds to C kinase (SRBC)/Cavin-3, and muscle-restricted coiled-coil protein (MURC)/Cavin-4, forms a multiprotein complex that associates with caveolae. This complex can constitutively assemble in the cytosol and associate with caveolin at plasma membrane caveolae. Cavin-1, but not other cavins, can induce caveola formation in a heterologous system and is required for the recruitment of the cavin complex to caveolae. The tissue-restricted expression of cavins suggests that caveolae may perform tissue-specific functions regulated by the composition of the cavin complex. Cavin-4 is expressed predominantly in muscle, and its distribution is perturbed in human muscle disease associated with Caveolin-3 dysfunction, identifying Cavin-4 as a novel muscle disease candidate caveolar protein
The IFT-A Complex Regulates Shh Signaling through Cilia Structure and Membrane Protein Trafficking

Two intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes, IFT-A and IFT-B, build and maintain primary cilia and are required for activity of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway. A weak allele of the IFT-A gene, Ift144, caused subtle defects in cilia structure and ectopic activation of the Shh pathway. In contrast, strong loss of IFT-A, caused by either absence of Ift144 or mutations in two IFT-A genes, blocked normal ciliogenesis and decreased Shh signaling. In strong IFT-A mutants, the Shh pathway proteins Gli2, Sufu, and Kif7 localized correctly to cilia tips, suggesting that these pathway components were trafficked by IFT-B. In contrast, the membrane proteins Arl13b, ACIII, and Smo failed to localize to primary cilia in the absence of IFT-A. We propose that the increased Shh activity seen in partial loss-of-function IFT-A mutants may be a result of decreased ciliary ACIII and that the loss of Shh activity in the absence of IFT-A is a result of severe disruptions of cilia structure and membrane protein trafficking
Linking objective and subjective modeling in engineering design through arc-elastic dominance

Engineering design in mechanics is a complex activity taking into account both objective modeling processes derived from physical analysis and designers’ subjective reasoning. This paper introduces arc-elastic dominance as a suitable concept for ranking design solutions according to a combination of objective and subjective models. Objective models lead to the aggregation of information derived from physics, economics or eco-environmental analysis into a performance indicator. Subjective models result in a confidence indicator for the solutions’ feasibility. Arc-elastic dominant design solutions achieve an optimal compromise between gain in performance and degradation in confidence. Due to the definition of arc-elasticity, this compromise value is expressive and easy for designers to interpret despite the difference in the nature of the objective and subjective models. From the investigation of arc-elasticity mathematical properties, a filtering algorithm of Pareto-efficient solutions is proposed and illustrated through a design knowledge modeling framework. This framework notably takes into account Harrington’s desirability functions and Derringer’s aggregation method. It is carried out through the re-design of a geothermal air conditioning system
Identifying Mixtures of Mixtures Using Bayesian Estimation

The use of a finite mixture of normal distributions in model-based clustering
allows to capture non-Gaussian data clusters. However, identifying the clusters
from the normal components is challenging and in general either achieved by
imposing constraints on the model or by using post-processing procedures.
Within the Bayesian framework we propose a different approach based on sparse
finite mixtures to achieve identifiability. We specify a hierarchical prior
where the hyperparameters are carefully selected such that they are reflective
of the cluster structure aimed at. In addition this prior allows to estimate
the model using standard MCMC sampling methods. In combination with a
post-processing approach which resolves the label switching issue and results
in an identified model, our approach allows to simultaneously (1) determine the
number of clusters, (2) flexibly approximate the cluster distributions in a
semi-parametric way using finite mixtures of normals and (3) identify
cluster-specific parameters and classify observations. The proposed approach is
illustrated in two simulation studies and on benchmark data sets.Comment: 49 page
Software development processes for games: a systematic literature review

This paper describes the methodology and results from a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the software processes used in game development. A total of 404 papers were analyzed as part of the review and the various process models that are used in industry and academia/research are presented. Software Process Improvement (SPI) initiatives for game development are dis-cussed. The factors that promote or deter the adoption of process models, and implementing SPI in practice are highlighted. Our findings indicate that there is no single model that serves as a best practice process model for game development and it is a matter of deciding which model is best suited for a particular game. Agile models such as Scrum and XP are suited to the knowledge intensive domain of game development where innovation and speed to market are vital. Hybrid approaches such as reuse can also be suitable for game development where the risk of the upfront investment in terms of time and cost is mitigated with a game that has stable requirements and a longer lifespan
Higher loop nonplanar anomalous dimensions from symmetry

In this article we study the action of the one loop dilatation operator on operators with a classical dimension of order N . These operators belong to the su (2) sector and are constructed using two complex fields Y and Z . For these operators non-planar diagrams contribute already at the leading order in N and the planar and large N limits are distinct. The action of the one loop and the two loop dilatation operator reduces to a set of decoupled oscillators and factorizes into an action on the Z fields and an action on the Y fields. Direct computation has shown that the action on the Y fields is the same at one and two loops. In this article, using the su (2) symmetry algebra as well as structural features of field theory, we give compelling evidence that the factor in the dilatation operator that acts on the Y s is given by the one loop expression, at any loop order
Higgs and Z boson associated production via gluon fusion in the SM and the 2HDM

We analyse the associated production of Higgs and Z boson via heavy-quark loops at the LHC in the Standard Model and beyond. We first review the main features of the Born 2 → 2 production, and in particular discuss the high-energy behaviour, angular distributions and Z boson polarisation. We then consider the effects of extra QCD radiation as described by the 2 → 3 loop matrix elements, and find that they dominate at high Higgs transverse momentum. We show how merged samples of 0- and 1-jet multiplicities, matched to a parton shower can provide a reliable description of differential distributions in ZH production. In addition to the Standard Model study, results in a generic two-Higgs-doublet-model are obtained and presented for a set of representative and experimentally viable benchmarks for Zh 0 , ZH 0 and ZA 0 production. We observe that various interesting features appear either due to the resonant enhancement of the cross-section or to interference patterns between resonant and non-resonant contributions
Ultraviolet divergences in maximal supergravity from a pure spinor point of view

The ultraviolet divergences of amplitude diagrams in maximal supergravity are investigated using the pure spinor superfield formalism in maximal supergravity, with maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory for reference. We comment on the effects of the loop regularisation in relation to the actual absence of high powers (within the degrees of freedom) of the non-minimal variable r . The absence affects previous results of the field theory description, which is examined more closely (with a new b -ghost) with respect to the limit on the dimension for finiteness of the theory, dependent on the number of loops present. The results imply a cut-off of the loop dependence at six loops for the 4-point amplitude, and at seven loops otherwise
Liouville theory beyond the cosmological horizon

The dS/CFT correspondence postulates the existence of a Euclidean CFT dual to a suitable gravity theory with Dirichlet boundary conditions asymptotic to de Sitter spacetime. A semi-classical model of such a correspondence consists of Einstein gravity with positive cosmological constant and without matter which is dual to Euclidean Liouville theory defined at the future conformal boundary. Here we show that Euclidean Liouville theory is also dual to Einstein gravity with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a fixed timelike slice in the static patch. Intriguingly, the spacetime interpretation of Euclidean Liouville time is the physical time of the static observer. As a prerequisite of this correspondence, we show that the asymptotic symmetry algebra which consists of two copies of the Virasoro algebra extends everywhere into the bulk
The anomalous transport of axial charge: topological vs non-topological fluctuations

Axial charge imbalance is an essential ingredient in novel effects associated with chiral anomaly such as chiral magnetic effects (CME). In a non-Abelian plasma with chiral fermions, local axial charge can be generated a) by topological fluctuations which would create domains with non-zero winding number b) by conventional non-topological thermal fluctuations. We provide a holographic evaluations of medium’s response to dynamically generated axial charge density in hydrodynamic limit and examine if medium’s response depends on the microscopic origins of axial charge imbalance. We show a local domain with non-zero winding number would induce a non-dissipative axial current due to chiral anomaly. We illustrate holographically that a local axial charge imbalance would be damped out with the damping rate related to Chern-Simon diffusive constant. By computing chiral magnetic current in the presence of dynamically generated axial charge density, we found that the ratio of CME current over the axial charge density is independent of the origin of axial charge imbalance in low frequency and momentum limit. Finally, a stochastic hydrodynamic equation of the axial charge is formulated by including both types of fluctuations