pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Automated Microbeam Observation Environment for Biological Analysis − Custom Portable Environmental Control applied to a Vertical Microbeam System

Vertical Microbeams (VMB) are used to irradiate individual cells with low MeV energy ions. The irradiation of cells using VMBs requires cells to be removed from an incubator; this can cause physiological changes to cells because of the lower CO2 concentration, temperature and relative humidity outside of the incubator. Consequently, for experiments where cells require irradiation and observation for extended time periods, it is important to provide a controlled environment. The highly customised nature of the microscopes used on VMB systems means that there are no commercially available environmentally controlled microscope systems for VMB systems. The Automated Microbeam Observation Environment for Biological Analysis (AMOEBA) is a highly flexible modular environmental control system used to create incubator conditions on the end of a VMB. The AMOEBA takes advantage of the recent “maker” movement to create an open source control system that can be easily configured by the user to fit their control needs even beyond VMB applications. When applied to the task of controlling cell medium temperature, CO2 concentration and relative humidity on VMBs it creates a stable environment that allows cells to multiply on the end of a VMB over a period of 36 hours, providing a low-cost (costing less than $2700 to build), customisable alternative to commercial time-lapse microscopy systems. AMOEBA adds the potential of VMBs to explore the long-term effects of radiation on single cells opening up new research areas for VMBs
Enteric neurons and systemic signals couple nutritional and reproductive status with intestinal homeostasis.

The gastrointestinal tract is emerging as a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, but daunting neuroanatomical complexity has hampered identification of the relevant signals. Invertebrate models could provide a simple and genetically amenable alternative, but their autonomic nervous system and its visceral functions remain largely unexplored. Here we develop a quantitative method based on defecation behavior to uncover a central role for the Drosophila intestine in the regulation of nutrient intake, fluid, and ion balance. We then identify a key homeostatic role for autonomic neurons and hormones, including a brain-gut circuit of insulin-producing neurons modulating appetite, a vasopressin-like system essential for fluid homeostasis, and enteric neurons mediating sex peptide-induced changes in intestinal physiology. These conserved mechanisms of visceral control, analogous to those found in the enteric nervous system and hypothalamic/pituitary axis, enable the study of autonomic control in a model organism that has proved instrumental in understanding sensory and motor systems
Laboratory recommendations for scoring deep molecular responses following treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has advanced to a stage where many patients achieve very low or undetectable levels of disease. Remarkably, some of these patients remain in sustained remission when treatment is withdrawn, suggesting that they may be at least operationally cured of their disease. Accurate definition of deep molecular responses (MRs) is therefore increasingly important for optimal patient management and comparison of independent data sets. We previously published proposals for broad standardized definitions of MR at different levels of sensitivity. Here we present detailed laboratory recommendations, developed as part of the European Treatment and Outcome Study for CML (EUTOS), to enable testing laboratories to score MR in a reproducible manner for CML patients expressing the most common BCR-ABL1 variants
Afriat’s Theorem and Samuelson’s ‘Eternal Darkness’

publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Afriat’s Theorem and Samuelson’s ‘Eternal Darkness’ journaltitle: Journal of Mathematical Economics articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2016.05.003 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Afriat’s Theorem and Samuelson’s ‘Eternal Darkness’ journaltitle: Journal of Mathematical Economics articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2016.05.003 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Afriat’s Theorem and Samuelson’s ‘Eternal Darkness’ journaltitle: Journal of Mathematical Economics articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmateco.2016.05.003 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
OnabotulinumtoxinA and multiple sclerosis.

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is present in two of three patients with multiple sclerosis five years after the diagnosis. Most frequent symptoms are related to neurogenic detrusor overactivity, often associated with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. From the end of the 1990s, there is growing evidence that neurogenic detrusor overactivity can be effectively managed by intradetrusorial injections of botulinum toxin type A. This treatment has shown, in different randomised placebo-controlled trials, to be safe and effective on clinical and urodynamic parameters with significant improvement in quality of life. The median duration of effect is in mean nine months. The vast majority of studies have been conducted with onabotulinumtoxinA. The dose of onabotulinumtoxinA commonly used to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis is 200 UI, even if in selected patients lower doses can be preferred. To be considered eligible for treatment, all patients should accept and be instructed to perform clean intermittent self-catheterisation, since the risk of increased post-void residual volume and/or urinary retention after injection is high, especially with 200 UI of onabotulinumtoxinA. However, quality of life and patient satisfaction seem not to be affected by the need of intermittent catheterisation. The risk of urinary infection after the procedure is to be kept in mind, mainly in patients with multiple sclerosis, so that adequate antibiotic prophylaxis is highly recommended
Considerations when using the activPAL monitor in field based research with adult populations

Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior (sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior (and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activPAL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activPAL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activPAL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activPAL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Search for top-squark pairs decaying into Higgs or Z bosons in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for supersymmetry through the direct pair production of top squarks, with Higgs (H) or Z bosons in the decay chain, is performed using a data sample of proton–proton collisions at √s=8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb[superscript −1]. The search is performed using a selection of events containing leptons and bottom-quark jets. No evidence for a significant excess of events over the standard model background prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair production of a heavier top-squark mass eigenstate t˜2 decaying to a lighter top-squark mass eigenstate t˜1 via either ˜2→Ht˜1 or t˜2→Zt˜1, followed in both cases by t˜1→tχ˜10, where χ˜10 is an undetected, stable, lightest supersymmetric particle. The interpretation is performed in the region where the mass difference between thet˜1 and χ˜10 states is approximately equal to the top-quark mass (m[subscript t˜1]−mχ˜10≃mt), which is not probed by searches for direct t˜1 squark pair production. The analysis excludes top squarks with masses m[subscript t˜2]<575 GeV and m[subscript t˜1]<400 GeV at a 95% confidence level.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of Energ
Functional integral representations of the Pauli-Fierz model with spin 1/2

A Feynman–Kac-type formula for a Lévy and an infinite-dimensional Gaussian random process associated with a quantized radiation field is derived. In particular, a functional integral representation of e−tHPF generated by the Pauli–Fierz Hamiltonian with spin 1/2 in non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics is constructed. When no external potential is applied HPF turns translation-invariant and it is decomposed as a direct integral HPF=∫R3⊕HPF(P)dP. The functional integral representation of e−tHPF(P) is also given. Although all these Hamiltonians include spin, nevertheless the kernels obtained for the path measures are scalar rather than matrix expressions. As an application of the functional integral representations energy comparison inequalities are derived
New age constraints for the limit of the British–Irish Ice Sheet on the Isles of Scilly

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.The southernmost terrestrial extent of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), which drained a large proportion of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, impinged on to the Isles of Scilly during Marine Isotope Stage 2. However, the age of this ice limit has been contested and the interpretation that this occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains controversial. This study reports new ages using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of outwash sediments at Battery, Tresco (25.5 ± 1.5 ka), and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of boulders overlying till on Scilly Rock (25.9 ± 1.6 ka), which confirm that the ISIS reached the Isles of Scilly during the LGM. The ages demonstrate this ice advance on to the northern Isles of Scilly occurred at ∼26 ka around the time of increased ice-rafted debris in the adjacent marine record from the continental margin, which coincided with Heinrich Event 2 at ∼24 ka. OSL dating (19.6 ± 1.5 ka) of the post-glacial Hell Bay Gravel at Battery suggests there was then an ∼5-ka delay between primary deposition and aeolian reworking of the glacigenic sediment, during a time when the ISIS ice front was oscillating on and around the Llŷn Peninsula, ∼390 km to the north.This paper was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council consortium grant (BRITICE-CHRONO NE/J008672/1). H. Wynne is thanked for etching the quartz grains for OSL dating. A. Palmer and S. Carr are also acknowledged for preparing the thin sections and running the tomograph analyses, respectively. Thanks to the Tresco Estate for allowing us access to the Battery and Gunhill sites and facilitating sampling there, to Dave Mawer and Julie Love of the IOS Wildlife Trust for facilitating access to Shipman Head and Scilly Rock, and for supplying the photograph (Fig. 4b). We would like to thank Jeremy Phillips of the St Mary's Boatmen's Association for logistical support
First measurement of the differential branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the B-+/- -> pi(+/-)mu(+/-)mu(-) decay

The differential branching fraction with respect to the dimuon invariant mass squared, and the CP asymmetry of the B-+/- -> pi(+/-)mu(+/-)mu(-) decay are measured for the first time. The CKM matrix elements vertical bar V-td vertical bar, and vertical bar V-ts vertical bar, and the ratio vertical bar V-td/V-ts vertical bar are determined. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb(-1), collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The total branching fraction and CP asymmetry of B-+/- -> pi(+/-)mu(+/-)mu(-) decays are measured to be \ud
\ud
B(B-+/- -> pi(+/-)mu(+/-)mu(-)) = (1.83 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.05) x 10(-8) and \ud
\ud
A(cp)(B-+/- -> pi(+/-)mu(+/-)mu(-)) = -0.11 +/- 0.12 +/- 0.01, \ud
\ud
where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These are the most precise measurements of these observables to date, and they are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model
Characterizing the γ-ray long-term variability of PKS 2155 - 304 with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT

Studying the temporal variability of BL Lac objects at the highest energies provides unique insights into the extreme physical processes occurring in relativistic jets and in the vicinity of super-massive black holes. To this end, the long-term variability of the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304 is analyzed in the high (HE, 100 MeV < E < 300 GeV) and very high energy (VHE, E > 200 GeV) γ-ray domain. Over the course of ∼9 yr of H.E.S.S. observations the VHE light curve in the quiescent state is consistent with a log-normal behavior. The VHE variability in this state is well described by flicker noise (power-spectral-density index βVHE = 1.10-0.13+0.10) on timescales larger than one day. An analysis of ∼5.5 yr of HE Fermi-LAT data gives consistent results (βHE = 1.20-0.23+0.21), on timescales larger than 10 days) compatible with the VHE findings. The HE and VHE power spectral densities show a scale invariance across the probed time ranges. A direct linear correlation between the VHE and HE fluxes could neither be excluded nor firmly established. These long-term-variability properties are discussed and compared to the red noise behavior (β ∼ 2) seen on shorter timescales during VHE-flaring states. The difference in power spectral noise behavior at VHE energies during quiescent and flaring states provides evidence that these states are influenced by different physical processes, while the compatibility of the HE and VHE long-term results is suggestive of a common physical link as it might be introduced by an underlying jet-disk connection.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Consumer credit in an era of financial liberalization : an overreaction to repressed demand?

In this article, we empirically analyse the factors which determined consumer
credit in Greece in the period before and after the financial liberalization, while
accounting for significant changes in structure due to the lifting of credit restrictions
and the subsequent impressive boom of consumer loans. We use multivariate
cointegration techniques to estimate a vector error correction model
(VECM) and identify separate demand and supply relationships for consumer
loans. We introduce demand and supply-related shifts in parameters through the
inclusion of appropriate dummy variables and trends in the long-run relationships.
We partly deviate from the typical Johansen procedure and estimate the
model in two steps. We find that the theoretical exclusion and coefficient-size
restrictions on the demand and supply cointegrating vectors are valid. Our results
are consistent with the operation of a bank lending channel in Greece. We also
find that the supply side was mostly responsible for the acceleration of consumer
loan growth following credit liberalization.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/raec20hb201
Bicrossproduct approach to the Connes–Moscovici Hopf algebra

AbstractWe give a rigorous proof that the (codimension one) Connes–Moscovici Hopf algebra HCM is isomorphic to a bicrossproduct Hopf algebra linked to a group factorisation of the diffeomorphism group Diff+(R). We construct a second bicrossproduct UCM equipped with a nondegenerate dual pairing with HCM. We give a natural quotient Hopf algebra kλ[Heis] of HCM and Hopf subalgebra Uλ(heis) of UCM which again are in duality. All these Hopf algebras arise as deformations of commutative or cocommutative Hopf algebras that we describe in each case. Finally we develop the noncommutative differential geometry of kλ[Heis] by studying first order differential calculi of small dimension
Supergravity approach to tachyon condensation on the brane–anti-brane system

AbstractWe study the tachyon condensation on the D-brane–anti-D-brane system from the supergravity point of view. The non-supersymmetric supergravity solutions with symmetry ISO(p,1)×SO(9−p) are known to be characterized by three parameters. By interpreting this solution as coincident N Dp-branes and N¯ D¯p-branes we give, for the first time, an explicit representation of the three parameters of supergravity solutions in terms of N, N¯ and the tachyon vev. We demonstrate that the solution and the corresponding ADM mass capture all the required properties and give a correct description of the tachyon condensation advocated by Sen on the D-brane–anti-D-brane system
Systems Genetics of Metabolism: The Use of the BXD Murine Reference Panel for Multiscalar Integration of Traits

SummaryMetabolic homeostasis is achieved by complex molecular and cellular networks that differ significantly among individuals and are difficult to model with genetically engineered lines of mice optimized to study single gene function. Here, we systematically acquired metabolic phenotypes by using the EUMODIC EMPReSS protocols across a large panel of isogenic but diverse strains of mice (BXD type) to study the genetic control of metabolism. We generated and analyzed 140 classical phenotypes and deposited these in an open-access web service for systems genetics (www.genenetwork.org). Heritability, influence of sex, and genetic modifiers of traits were examined singly and jointly by using quantitative-trait locus (QTL) and expression QTL-mapping methods. Traits and networks were linked to loci encompassing both known variants and novel candidate genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), here linked to hypophosphatasia. The assembled and curated phenotypes provide key resources and exemplars that can be used to dissect complex metabolic traits and disorders
Accelerating Hilbert–Einstein universe without dynamic dark energy

AbstractBy using an unmodified Einstein gravity theory it is shown that all of the speeding-up effects taking place in the current universe are entirely due to the quantum effects associated with the background radiation or to the combination of such effects with those derived from the presence of a cosmological constant, without invoking any dynamic dark energy component. We obtain that in both cases the universe accelerates at a rate slightly beyond what is predicted by a cosmological constant but does not induce any big rip singularity in the finite future
Free product actions with relative property (T) and trivial outer automorphism groups

AbstractWe show that every non-amenable free product of groups admits free ergodic probability measure preserving actions which have relative property (T) in the sense of S. Popa (2006) [Pop06, Def. 4.1]. There are continuum many such actions up to orbit equivalence and von Neumann equivalence, and they may be chosen to be conjugate to any prescribed action when restricted to the free factors. We exhibit also, for every non-amenable free product of groups, free ergodic probability measure preserving actions whose associated equivalence relation has trivial outer automorphisms group. This gives, in particular, the first examples of such actions for the free group on 2 generators
Fermion masses and mixings in a renormalizable SO(10)×Z2 GUT

AbstractWe investigate a scenario in a supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Theory in which the fermion mass matrices are generated by renormalizable Yukawa couplings of the 10⊕120⊕126¯ representation of scalars. We reduce the number of parameters by assuming spontaneous CP violation and a Z2 family symmetry, leading to nine real Yukawa coupling constants for three families. Since in the “minimal SUSY SO(10) GUT” an intermediate seesaw scale is ruled out and our scenario lives in the natural extension of this theory by the 120, we identify the vacuum expectation value (VEV) wR of (10,1,3)∈126¯ with the GUT scale of 2×1016 GeV. In order to obtain sufficiently large neutrino masses, the coupling matrix of the scalar 126¯ is necessarily small and we neglect type II seesaw contributions to the light-neutrino mass matrix. We perform a numerical analysis of this 21-parameter scenario and find an excellent fit to experimentally known fermion masses and mixings. We discuss the properties of our numerical solution, including a consistency check for the VEVs of the Higgs-doublet components in the SO(10) scalar multiplets
Repeated monitoring as an effective early detection means: first records of naturalised Solidago gigantea Aiton (Asteraceae) in southern Africa

AbstractEarly detection of emerging invasive plants depends on maximizing the probability of detecting new populations. Repeated surveys along a gradient of environmental conditions or in areas exposed to high propagule pressure provide a potentially efficient strategy for early detection of alien species. The long-term monitoring of such an area resulted in the documentation of the first naturalised Solidago gigantea Aiton (Asteraceae) population for southern Africa. This population consisted of c. 45 individuals growing in two locations on unmanaged grassland in the Drakensberg Mountains at an elevation of 1619ma.s.l. Solidago gigantea readily invades unmanaged European grasslands, altering biomass and transforming habitats. Moreover, since goldenrods (Solidago spp) are perennial species reproducing through a large number of wind-dispersed seeds and belowground rootstocks, these species appear well pre-adapted to the fire-prone grassland biome of South Africa. We therefore suggest early-stage eradication of S. gigantea before it potentially becomes an unmanageable and costly invasive species in this region. This study supports long-term monitoring programmes as an effective means for early detection of new invasive species
Generalized planar black holes and the holography of hydrodynamic shear

AbstractAdS black holes with planar event horizon topology play a central role in AdS/CFT holography, and particularly in its applications. Generalizations of the known planar black holes can be found by considering the Plebański–Demiański metrics, a very general family of exactly specified solutions of the Einstein equations. These generalized planar black holes may be useful in applications. We give a concrete example of this in the context of the holographic description of the Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). We argue that our generalized planar black holes allow us to construct a model of the internal shearing motion generated when the QGP is produced in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. When embedded in string theory, the bulk physics is in fact unstable. We find however that this instability may develop too slowly to affect the evolution of the plasma, except possibly for high values of the quark chemical potential, such as will be studied in experimental scans of the quark matter phase diagram