pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in proton-proton
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV data

A search for narrow resonances in dielectron and dimuon invariant mass
spectra has been performed using data obtained from proton-proton collisions at
sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector. The integrated luminosity for
the dielectron sample is 2.7 inverse femtobarns and for the dimuon sample 2.9
inverse femtobarns. The sensitivity of the search is increased by combining
these data with a previously analysed set of data obtained at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV
and corresponding to a luminosity of 20 inverse femtobarns. No evidence for
non-standard-model physics is found, either in the 13 TeV data set alone, or in
the combined data set. Upper limits on the product of production cross section
and branching fraction have also been calculated in a model-independent manner
to enable interpretation in models predicting a narrow dielectron or dimuon
resonance structure. Limits are set on the masses of hypothetical particles
that could appear in new-physics scenarios. For the Z'[SSM] particle, which
arises in the sequential standard model, and for the superstring inspired
Z'[psi] particle, 95% confidence level lower mass limits for the combined data
sets and combined channels are found to be 3.37 and 2.82 TeV, respectively. The
corresponding limits for Kaluza-Klein gravitons arising in the Randall-Sundrum
model of extra dimensions with coupling parameters 0.01 and 0.10 are 1.46 and
3.11 TeV, respectively. These results significantly exceed the limits based on
the 8 TeV LHC data.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-15-005/index.htm
Irregular wave runup statistics on plane beaches: application of a Boussinesq-type model incorporating a generating-absorbing sponge layer and second-order wave generation

Efficient absorption of reflected waves at the offshore boundary is a prerequisite for the accurate physical or theoretical modelling of long-duration irregular wave runup statistics at uniform, gently sloped beaches. This paper presents an implementation of the method suggested by Zhang et al. (2014) to achieve reflected wave absorption and simultaneous generation and propagation of incident waves in an existing numerical wave flume incorporating a moving boundary wavemaker. A generating–absorbing layer is incorporated within this 1DH hybrid Boussinesq-nonlinear shallow water equation model such that inshore-travelling incident waves, encompassing bound-wave structure approximately correct to second order, propagate unhindered while offshore-travelling reflected waves are absorbed. Once validated, the method is used to compile random wave runup statistics on uniform beach slopes broadly representative of dissipative, intermediate, and reflective beaches. Analyses of the individual runup time series, ensemble statistics and comparison to an empirical formula based on experimental runup data suggest that the main aspects of runup observed in the field are properly represented by the model. Existence of an upper limit on maximum runup is investigated using a simple extreme-value statistical analysis. Spectral saturation is examined by considering ensemble-averaged swash spectra for three representative beach slopes subject to incident waves with two different offshore significant wave heights. All spectra show f^−4 roll-off at high frequencies in agreement with many previous field studies. The effect is also investigated of the swash motions preceding one particular extreme runup event on the eventual maximum runup elevation
How do we enhance undergraduate healthcare education in dementia? A review of the role of innovative approaches and development of the Time for Dementia Programme,

Objectives: placements, often fails to deliver an understanding of the experiences of those with long-term conditions, a growing issue for healthcare systems. Responses include longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes allowing students learn about chronic illness and patient experience. We review their development and delivery in dementia and present the Time for Dementia (TFD) Programme, a novel 2-year interdisciplinary educational programme.Traditional healthcare education, delivered through a series of time-limited clinical’ longer placements, continuity of contact and opportunities to\ud
Design: professionals in training including longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes and a case study of the development of TFD and its evaluation.The study design involves a scoping review of enhanced placements in dementia for healthcare\ud
Results: compulsory and all lasted 12 months. All reported positive impact from case study designs but data quality was weak. Building on these, TFD was developed in partnership between the Alzheimer Society, universities and NHS and made a core part of the curriculum for medical, nursing and paramedic students. Students visit a person with dementia and their family in pairs for 2 h every 3 months for 2 years. They follow a semi-structured interaction guide focusing on experiences of illness and services and complete reEight enhanced programmes in dementia were identified and seven in the USA. None were’sflective appraisals.\ud
Conclusions: healthcare professionals to be able to understand and manage the people with the long-term conditions who current systems often fail. TFD is designed to help address this need. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.We need interprofessional undergraduate healthcare education that enables future# 2016 The Authors. International\ud
Key words: programme; interdisciplinary learning; long-term conditions; multi-morbidityhealthcare education; dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; longitudinal integrated clerkship; senior mentorshi
Objective assessment of dietary patterns using metabolic phenotyping: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer, can be reduced by the consumption of healthy diets. Accurate monitoring of changes in dietary patterns in response to food policy implementation is challenging. Metabolic profiling allows simultaneous measurement of hundreds of metabolites in urine, many of them influenced by food intake. We aim to classify people according to dietary behaviour and enhance dietary reporting using metabolic profiling of urine. Methods: To develop metabolite models from 19 healthy volunteers who attended a clinical research unit for four day periods on four occasions. We used the World Health Organisation???s healthy eating guidelines (increase fruits, vegetables, wholegrains, dietary fibre and decrease fats, sugars, and salt) to develop four dietary interventions lasting for four days each that ranged from a diet associated with a low to high risk of developing non-communicable disease. Urine samples were measured by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN 43087333. INTERMAP U.K. (n=225) and a healthy-eating Danish cohort (n=66) were used as free-living validation datasets. Findings: There was clear separation between the urinary metabolite profiles of the four diets. We also demonstrated significant stepwise differences in metabolite levels between the lowest and highest metabolic risk diets and developed metabolite models for each diet. Application of the derived metabolite models to independent cohorts confirmed the association between urinary metabolic and dietary profiles in INTERMAP (P<0???001) and the Danish cohort (P<0???001). Interpretation: Urinary metabolite models, developed in a highly controlled environment, can classify groups of free-living people into consumers of dietary profiles associated with lower or higher non-communicable disease risk based on multivariate metabolite patterns. This approach enables objective monitoring of dietary patterns in population settings and enhances validity of dietary reporting. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and Medical Research Council (MRC)
Newton's method for symmetric quartic polynomials

Agraïments: The  third  author  is  partially  supported  by  the  Polish  NCN  grant  decision  DEC-2012/06/M/ST1/00168. UJI project P1.1B20115-16We investigate the parameter plane of the Newton's method applied to the family of quartic polynomials p_a,b(z)=z^4 az^3 bz^2 az 1, where a and b are real parameters. We divide the parameter plane (a,b) R^2 into twelve open and connected regions where p, p' and p'' have simple roots. In each of these regions we focus on the study of the Newton's operator acting on the Riemann sphere
Ranking the vertices of a complete multipartite paired comparison digraph.

A paired comparison digraph (abbreviated to PCD) D = (V, A) is a weighted digraph in which the sum of the weights of arcs, if any, joining two distinct vertices equals one. A one-to-one mapping α from V onto 1, 2, …, ¦V¦ is called a ranking of D. For every ranking α, an arc vu  A is said to be forward if α(v) < α(u), and backward otherwise. The length of an arc vu is ℓ(vu) = (vu)¦α(v) − α(u)¦, where (vu) is the weight of vu. The forward (backward) length  of α is the sum of the lengths of all forward (backward) arcs of D. A ranking α is forward (backward) optimal if f(α) is maximum (b(α) is minimum). Kano (Discrete Appl. Math. 17 (1987) 245–253) characterized all backward optimal rankings of a complete multipartite PCD L and raised the problem to characterize all forward optimal rankings of a complete multipartite PCD L. We show how to transform the last problem into the single machine job sequencing problem of minimizing total weighted completion time subject to precedence "parallel chains" constraints. This provides an algorithm for generating all forward optimal rankings of L as well as a polynomial algorithm for finding the average rank of every vertex in L over all forward optimal rankings of L
Patch-scale representation of vegetation within hydraulic models

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Wiley under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Submerged aquatic vegetation affects flow, sediment and ecological processes within rivers. Quantifying these effects is key to effective river management. Despite a wealth of research into vegetated flows, the detailed flow characteristics around real plants in natural channels are still poorly understood. Here we present a new methodology for representing vegetation patches within computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of vegetated channels. Vegetation is represented using a Mass Flux Scaling Algorithm (MFSA) and drag term within the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations, which account for the mass and momentum effects of the vegetation respectively. The model is applied using three different grid resolutions (0.2, 0.1 & 0.05 m) using time-averaged solution methods and compared to field data. The results show that the model reproduces the complex spatial flow heterogeneity within the channel and that increasing the resolution leads to enhanced model accuracy. Future applications of the model to the prediction of channel roughness, sedimentation and key eco-hydraulic variables are presented, likely to be valuable for informing effective river management
Attitudes of referees in a multidisciplinary journal: An empirical analysis

This paper looks at 10 years of reviews in a multidisciplinary journal, The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation (JASSS), which is the flagship journal of social simulation. We measured referee behavior and referees' agreement. We found that the disciplinary background and the academic status of the referee have an influence on the report time, the type of recommendation and the acceptance of the reviewing task. Referees from the humanities tend to be more generous in their recommendations than other referees, especially economists and environmental scientists. Second, we found that senior researchers are harsher in their judgments than junior researchers, and the latter accept requests to review more often and are faster in reporting. Finally, we found that articles that had been refereed and recommended for publication by a multidisciplinary set of referees were subsequently more likely to receive citations than those that had been reviewed by referees from the same discipline. Our results show that common standards of evaluation can be established even in multidisciplinary communities
Software Evolution from the Field An Experience Report from the Squeak Maintainers

AbstractOver the last few years, we actively participated in the maintenance and evolution of Squeak, an open-source Smalltalk. The community is constantly faced with the problem of enabling changes while at the same time preserving compatibility. In this paper we describe the current situation, the problems that faced the community and we outline the improvements that have been introduced. We also identify some areas where problems continue to exist and propose these as potential problems to addressed by the research community
Lixisenatide plus basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

AbstractAimsThe efficacy of the once-daily prandial GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide plus basal insulin in T2DM was assessed by pooling results of phase III trials.MethodsA meta-analysis was performed of results from three trials in the GetGoal clinical program concerning lixisenatide or placebo plus basal insulin with/without OADs. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. Secondary endpoints were change in PPG, FPG, insulin dose, and weight from baseline to week 24. Hypoglycemia rates and several composite endpoints were assessed.ResultsLixisenatide plus basal insulin was significantly more effective than basal insulin alone at reducing HbA1c at 24weeks. Composite and secondary endpoints were improved significantly with lixisenatide plus basal insulin, with the exception of FPG, which showed no significant difference between the groups. Lixisenatide plus basal insulin was associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia versus basal insulin alone.ConclusionsLixisenatide plus basal insulin resulted in significant improvement in glycemic control versus basal insulin alone, particularly in terms of controlling PPG. Prandial lixisenatide in combination with basal insulin is a suitable option for treatment intensification in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled with basal insulin, as these agents have complementary effects on PPG and FPG, respectively
Diversity of TH cytokine profiles in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: A multicenter study in Europe, Asia, and Oceania

BackgroundTo date, no study has evaluated the diversity of TH cell cytokine patterns of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among centers in different continents using identical methods.ObjectiveWe sought to assess TH cytokine profiles in patients with CRS from Europe, Asia, and Australia.MethodsPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP; n = 435) and control subjects (n = 138) were recruited from centers in Adelaide, Benelux, Berlin, Beijing, Chengdu, and Tochigi. Nasal mucosal concentrations of TH2, TH17, and TH1 cytokines; eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP); myeloperoxidase (MPO); IL-8; and tissue total and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (SE)–specific IgE were measured by using identical tools.ResultsCombinations of TH1/TH2/TH17 cytokine profiles in patients with CRSwNP varied considerably between regions. CRSwNP tissues from patients from Benelux, Berlin, Adelaide, and Tochigi were TH2 biased, whereas those from Beijing mainly demonstrated TH2/TH1/TH17 mixed patterns, and patients from Chengdu showed an even lower TH2 expression. Concentrations of IL-8 and tissue total IgE in patients with CRSwNP were significantly higher than those in control subjects in all regions. More than 50% of patients with CRSwNP in Benelux, Berlin, Adelaide, and Tochigi showed a predominantly eosinophilic endotype compared with less than 30% of patients in Beijing and Chengdu. SE-specific IgE was found in significantly greater numbers in patients with CRSwNP from Benelux, Adelaide, and Tochigi and significantly lower numbers in patients from Beijing and Chengdu. Moreover, the TH1/TH2/TH17 cytokine profiles in patients with CRSsNP showed diversity among the 6 regions.ConclusionTH cytokine levels, eosinophilic/neutrophilic patterns, and SE-specific IgE expressions show extreme diversity among patients with CRS from Europe, Asia, and Oceania
Compressed sensing electron tomography of needle-shaped biological specimens – Potential for improved reconstruction fidelity with reduced dose

AbstractElectron tomography is an invaluable method for 3D cellular imaging. The technique is, however, limited by the specimen geometry, with a loss of resolution due to a restricted tilt range, an increase in specimen thickness with tilt, and a resultant need for subjective and time-consuming manual segmentation. Here we show that 3D reconstructions of needle-shaped biological samples exhibit isotropic resolution, facilitating improved automated segmentation and feature detection. By using scanning transmission electron tomography, with small probe convergence angles, high spatial resolution is maintained over large depths of field and across the tilt range. Moreover, the application of compressed sensing methods to the needle data demonstrates how high fidelity reconstructions may be achieved with far fewer images (and thus greatly reduced dose) than needed by conventional methods. These findings open the door to high fidelity electron tomography over critically relevant length-scales, filling an important gap between existing 3D cellular imaging techniques
On effective spacetime dimension in the Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

AbstractIn this manuscript we explicitly compute the effective dimension of spacetime in some backgrounds of Hořava–Lifshitz (H–L) gravity. For all the cases considered, the results are compatible with a dimensional reduction of the spacetime to d+1=2, at high energies (ultraviolet limit), which is confirmed by other quantum gravity approaches, as well as to d+1=4, at low energies (infrared limit). This is obtained by computing the free energy of massless scalar and gauge fields. We find that the only effect of the background is to change the proportionality constant between the internal energy and temperature. Firstly, we consider both the non-perturbative and perturbative models involving the matter action, without gravitational sources but with manifest time and space symmetry breaking, in order to calculate modifications in the Stephan–Boltzmann law. When gravity is taken into account, we assume a scenario in which there is a spherical source with mass M and radius R in thermal equilibrium with radiation, and consider the static and spherically symmetric solution of the H–L theory found by Kehagias–Sfetsos (K–S), in the weak and strong field approximations. As byproducts, for the weak field regime, we used the current uncertainty of the solar radiance measurements to establish a constraint on the ω free parameter of the K–S solution. We also calculate the corrections, due to gravity, to the recently predicted attractive force that black bodies exert on nearby neutral atoms and molecules
Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation

ABSTRACTThe likelihood of initiating addictive behaviors is higher during adolescence than during any other developmental period. The differential developmental trajectories of brain regions involved in motivation and control processes may lead to adolescents’ increased risk taking in general, which may be exacerbated by the neural consequences of drug use. Neuroimaging studies suggest that increased risk-taking behavior in adolescence is related to an imbalance between prefrontal cortical regions, associated with executive functions, and subcortical brain regions related to affect and motivation. Dual-process models of addictive behaviors are similarly concerned with difficulties in controlling abnormally strong motivational processes. We acknowledge concerns raised about dual-process models, but argue that they can be addressed by carefully considering levels of description: motivational processes and top-down biasing can be understood as intertwined, co-developing components of more versus less reflective states of processing. We illustrate this with a model that further emphasizes temporal dynamics. Finally, behavioral interventions for addiction are discussed. Insights in the development of control and motivation may help to better understand – and more efficiently intervene in – vulnerabilities involving control and motivation
νΛMDM: A model for sterile neutrino and dark matter reconciles cosmological and neutrino oscillation data after BICEP2

AbstractWe propose an ultraviolet complete theory for cold dark matter (CDM) and sterile neutrinos that can accommodate both cosmological data and neutrino oscillation experiments within 1σ level. We assume a new U(1)X dark gauge symmetry which is broken at ∼O(MeV) scale resulting light dark photon. Such a light mediator for DM's self-scattering and scattering-off sterile neutrinos can resolve three controversies for cold DM on small cosmological scales: cusp vs. core, too-big-to-fail and missing satellites. We can also accommodate ∼O(1) eV scale sterile neutrinos as the hot dark matter (HDM) and can fit some neutrino anomalies from neutrino oscillation experiments within 1σ. Finally, the right amount of HDM can make a sizable contribution to dark radiation, and also helps to reconcile the tension between the data on the tensor-to-scalar ratio reported by Planck and BICEP2 Collaborations
This divided land: An examination of regional inequalities in exposure to brownfield land and the association with morbidity and mortality in England

AbstractThis paper is the first empirical examination of the association between brownfield land and spatial inequalities in health. Linear mixed modelling of ward-level data suggests that there is higher exposure and susceptibility to brownfield land in the Northern compared to the Southern regions (with the exception of London); that brownfield exposure has an association with regional inequalities in mortality and morbidity within regions (particularly in the North West); that brownfield has an association with inequalities between regions (particularly between the North West and the South East); but that brownfield land only makes a small independent contribution to the North–South health divide in England. However, brownfield land could be a potentially important and previously overlooked independent environmental determinant of spatial inequalities in health in England
Detecting a Higgs pseudoscalar with a Z boson at the LHC

AbstractWe have adopted two Higgs doublet models to study the production of a Higgs pseudoscalar (A0) in association with a Z gauge boson from gluon fusion (gg→ZA0) at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The prospects for the discovery of ZA0→ℓℓ̄bb̄ are investigated with physics backgrounds and realistic cuts. Promising results are found for mA≲260 GeV in two Higgs doublet models when the heavier Higgs scalar (H0) can decay into a Z boson and a Higgs pseudoscalar (A0). Although the cross section of gg→ZA0 is usually small in the minimal supersymmetric standard model, it can be significantly enhanced in general two Higgs doublet models. This discovery channel might provide an opportunity to search for a Higgs scalar and a Higgs pseudoscalar simultaneously at the LHC and could lead to new physics beyond the Standard Model and the minimal supersymmetric model