pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Neural Biomarker of Psychological Vulnerability to Future Life Stress

SummaryWe all experience a host of common life stressors such as the death of a family member, medical illness, and financial uncertainty. While most of us are resilient to such stressors, continuing to function normally, for a subset of individuals, experiencing these stressors increases the likelihood of developing treatment-resistant, chronic psychological problems, including depression and anxiety. It is thus paramount to identify predictive markers of risk, particularly those reflecting fundamental biological processes that can be targets for intervention and prevention. Using data from a longitudinal study of 340 healthy young adults, we demonstrate that individual differences in threat-related amygdala reactivity predict psychological vulnerability to life stress occurring as much as 1 to 4 years later. These results highlight a readily assayed biomarker, threat-related amygdala reactivity, which predicts psychological vulnerability to commonly experienced stressors and represents a discrete target for intervention and prevention.Video Abstrac
Quark confinement from colour confinement

AbstractWe relate quark confinement, as measured by the Polyakov-loop order parameter, to colour confinement, as described by the Kugo–Ojima/Gribov–Zwanziger scenario. We identify a simple criterion for quark confinement based on the IR behaviour of ghost and gluon propagators, and compute the order-parameter potential from the knowledge of Landau-gauge correlation functions with the aid of the functional RG. Our approach predicts the deconfinement transition in quenched QCD to be of first order for SU(3) and second order for SU(2) – in agreement with general expectations. As an estimate for the critical temperature, we obtain Tc≃284 MeV for SU(3)
Characteristics of a Pitching Wave Absorber with Rotatable flap

AbstractA bottom-ﬁxed ﬂap-type pitching wave energy absorber which operates near-shore is studied. The design consists of an arm hinged on the sea bed and supporting a ﬂap. The ﬂap has an elliptical cross section spanning vertically from the free surface to about one third of the water depth. A mechanism is provided which allows the ﬂap to be ﬁxed at a variable angle relative to the supporting arm. Such mechanism is here proposed as a means of broadening the absorption bandwidth and avoiding large forces while still absorbing power. The variations of maximum absorbed power and reaction force with wave frequency are obtained for different ﬂap widths and angles and for different angular displacement limits, on the basis of linear potential theory. Further analysis on the absorber with a selected ﬂap width is then presented and its performance is shown to be promising
Diversity of 26-locus Y-STR haplotypes in a Nepalese population sample: Isolation and drift in the Himalayas

AbstractTwenty-six Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci were amplified in a sample of 769 unrelated males from Nepal, using two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. The 26 loci gave a discriminating power of 0.997, with 59% unique haplotypes, and the highest frequency haplotype occurring 12 times. We identified novel alleles at four loci, microvariants at a further two, and nine examples of amelogenin-Y deletions (1.2%). Comparison with a similarly sized Bhutanese sample typed with the same markers suggested histories of isolation and drift, with drift having a greater effect in Bhutan. Extended (11-locus) haplotypes for the Nepalese samples have been submitted to the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD)
Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV

AbstractThe production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays was measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in minimum-bias p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The measurement covers the pT interval 0.5<pT<12 GeV/c and the rapidity range −1.065<ycms<0.135 in the centre-of-mass reference frame. The contribution of electrons from background sources was subtracted using an invariant mass approach. The nuclear modification factor RpPb was calculated by comparing the pT-differential invariant cross section in p–Pb collisions to a pp reference at the same centre-of-mass energy, which was obtained by interpolating measurements at s=2.76 TeV and s=7 TeV. The RpPb is consistent with unity within uncertainties of about 25%, which become larger for pT below 1 GeV/c. The measurement shows that heavy-flavour production is consistent with binary scaling, so that a suppression in the high-pT yield in Pb–Pb collisions has to be attributed to effects induced by the hot medium produced in the final state. The data in p–Pb collisions are described by recent model calculations that include cold nuclear matter effects
Cross sections for hard exclusive electroproduction of π+ mesons on a hydrogen target

AbstractThe exclusive electroproduction of π+ mesons was studied with the HERMES spectrometer at the DESY laboratory by scattering 27.6 GeV positron and electron beams off an internal hydrogen gas target. The virtual-photon cross sections were measured as a function of the Mandelstam variable t and the squared four momentum −Q2 of the exchanged virtual photon. A model calculation based on Generalized Parton Distributions is in fair agreement with the data at low values of |t| if power corrections are included. A model calculation based on the Regge formalism gives a good description of the magnitude and the t and Q2 dependences of the cross section
Sampling of general correlators in worm-algorithm based simulations

AbstractUsing the complex ϕ4-model as a prototype for a system which is simulated by a worm algorithm, we show that not only the charged correlator 〈ϕ⁎(x)ϕ(y)〉, but also more general correlators such as 〈|ϕ(x)||ϕ(y)|〉 or 〈arg⁡(ϕ(x))arg⁡(ϕ(y))〉, as well as condensates like 〈|ϕ|〉, can be measured at every step of the Monte Carlo evolution of the worm instead of on closed-worm configurations only. The method generalizes straightforwardly to other systems simulated by worms, such as spin or sigma models
Problems in resumming interjet energy flows with kt clustering

AbstractWe consider the energy flow into gaps between hard jets. It was previously believed that the accuracy of resummed predictions for such observables can be improved by employing the kt clustering procedure to define the gap energy in terms of a sum of energies of soft jets (rather than individual hadrons) in the gap. This significantly reduces the sensitivity to correlated soft large-angle radiation (non-global leading logs), numerically calculable only in the large Nc limit. While this is the case, as we demonstrate here, the use of kt clustering spoils the straightforward single-gluon Sudakov exponentiation that multiplies the non-global resummation. We carry out an O(αs2) calculation of the leading single-logarithmic terms and identify the piece that is omitted by straightforward exponentiation. We compare our results with the full O(αs2) result from the program EVENT2 to confirm our conclusions. For e+e−→2 jets and DIS (1+1) jets one can numerically resum these additional contributions as we show, but for dijet photoproduction and hadron–hadron processes further studies are needed
Evaluation of the rhenium–osmium geochronometer in the Phosphoria petroleum system, Bighorn Basin of Wyoming and Montana, USA

AbstractRhenium–osmium (Re–Os) geochronometry is applied to crude oils derived from the Permian Phosphoria Formation of the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming and Montana to determine whether the radiogenic age reflects the timing of petroleum generation, timing of migration, age of the source rock, or the timing of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). The oils selected for this study are interpreted to be derived from the Meade Peak Phosphatic Shale and Retort Phosphatic Shale Members of the Phosphoria Formation based on oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations utilizing bulk properties, elemental composition, δ13C and δ34S values, and biomarker distributions. The δ34S values of the oils range from −6.2‰ to +5.7‰, with oils heavier than −2‰ interpreted to be indicative of TSR. The Re and Os isotope data of the Phosphoria oils plot in two general trends: (1) the main trend (n=15 oils) yielding a Triassic age (239±43Ma) with an initial 187Os/188Os value of 0.85±0.42 and a mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) of 1596, and (2) the Torchlight trend (n=4 oils) yielding a Miocene age (9.24±0.39Ma) with an initial 187Os/188Os value of 1.88±0.01 and a MSWD of 0.05. The scatter (high MSWD) in the main-trend regression is due, in part, to TSR in reservoirs along the eastern margin of the basin. Excluding oils that have experienced TSR, the regression is significantly improved, yielding an age of 211±21Ma with a MSWD of 148. This revised age is consistent with some studies that have proposed Late Triassic as the beginning of Phosphoria oil generation and migration, and does not seem to reflect the source rock age (Permian) or the timing of re-migration (Late Cretaceous to Eocene) associated with the Laramide orogeny. The low precision of the revised regression (±21Ma) is not unexpected for this oil family given the long duration of generation from a large geographic area of mature Phosphoria source rock, and the possible range in the initial 187Os/188Os values of the Meade Peak and Retort source units. Effects of re-migration may have contributed to the scatter, but thermal cracking and biodegradation likely have had minimal or no effect on the main-trend regression. The four Phosphoria-sourced oils from Torchlight and Lamb fields yield a precise Miocene age Re–Os isochron that may reflect the end of TSR in the reservoir due to cooling below a threshold temperature in the last 10m.y. from uplift and erosion of overlying rocks.The mechanism for the formation of a Re–Os isotopic relationship in a family of crude oils may involve multiple steps in the petroleum generation process. Bitumen generation from the source rock kerogen may provide a reset of the isotopic chronometer, and incremental expulsion of oil over the duration of the oil window may provide some of the variation seen in 187Re/188Os values from an oil family
Search for supersymmetry in events with photons, bottom quarks, and missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search has been performed for the experimental signature of an isolated photon with high transverse momentum, at least one jet identified as originating from a bottom quark, and high missing transverse momentum. Such a final state may originate from supersymmetric models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking in events in which one of a pair of higgsino-like neutralinos decays into a photon and a gravitino while the other decays into a Higgs boson and a gravitino. The search is performed using the full dataset of 7 TeV proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1. A total of 7 candidate events are observed while 7.5±2.2 events are expected from the Standard Model background. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of general gauge mediation to exclude certain regions of a benchmark plane for higgsino-like neutralino production
On standard conjugate families for natural exponential families with bounded natural parameter space

AbstractDiaconis and Ylvisaker (1979) give necessary conditions for conjugate priors for distributions from the natural exponential family to be proper as well as to have the property of linear posterior expectation of the mean parameter of the family. Their conditions for propriety and linear posterior expectation are also sufficient if the natural parameter space is equal to the set of all d-dimensional real numbers. In this paper their results are extended to characterize when conjugate priors are proper if the natural parameter space is bounded. For the special case where the natural exponential family is through a spherical probability distribution  η, we show that the proper conjugate priors can be characterized by the behavior of the moment generating function of η at the boundary of the natural parameter space, or the second-order tail behavior of η. In addition, we show that if these families are non-regular, then linear posterior expectation never holds. The results for this special case are also extended to natural exponential families through elliptical probability distributions
The human voice areas: Spatial organization and inter-individual variability in temporal and extra-temporal cortices

AbstractfMRI studies increasingly examine functions and properties of non-primary areas of human auditory cortex. However there is currently no standardized localization procedure to reliably identify specific areas across individuals such as the standard ‘localizers’ available in the visual domain. Here we present an fMRI ‘voice localizer’ scan allowing rapid and reliable localization of the voice-sensitive ‘temporal voice areas’ (TVA) of human auditory cortex. We describe results obtained using this standardized localizer scan in a large cohort of normal adult subjects. Most participants (94%) showed bilateral patches of significantly greater response to vocal than non-vocal sounds along the superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG). Individual activation patterns, although reproducible, showed high inter-individual variability in precise anatomical location. Cluster analysis of individual peaks from the large cohort highlighted three bilateral clusters of voice-sensitivity, or “voice patches” along posterior (TVAp), mid (TVAm) and anterior (TVAa) STS/STG, respectively. A series of extra-temporal areas including bilateral inferior prefrontal cortex and amygdalae showed small, but reliable voice-sensitivity as part of a large-scale cerebral voice network. Stimuli for the voice localizer scan and probabilistic maps in MNI space are available for download
Quaternionic and hyper-Kähler metrics from generalized sigma models

AbstractThe problem of finding new metrics of interest, in the context of SUGRA, is reduced to two stages: first, solving a generalized BPS sigma model with full quaternionic structure proposed by the authors and, second, constructing the hyper-Kähler metric, or suitable deformations of this condition, taking advantage of the correspondence between the quaternionic left-regular potential and the hyper-Kähler metric of the target space. As illustration, new solutions are obtained using generalized Q-sigma model for Wess–Zumino type superpotentials. Explicit solutions analog to the Bergerʼs sphere and Abraham–Townsend type are given and generalizations of 4-dimensional quaternionic metrics, product of complex ones, are shown and discussed
The input–output relationship approach to structural identifiability analysis

AbstractAnalysis of the identifiability of a given model system is an essential prerequisite to the determination of model parameters from physical data. However, the tools available for the analysis of non-linear systems can be limited both in applicability and by computational intractability for any but the simplest of models. The input–output relation of a model summarises the input–output structure of the whole system and as such provides the potential for an alternative approach to this analysis. However for this approach to be valid it is necessary to determine whether the monomials of a differential polynomial are linearly independent. A simple test for this property is presented in this work. The derivation and analysis of this relation can be implemented symbolically within Maple. These techniques are applied to analyse classical models from biomedical systems modelling and those of enzyme catalysed reaction schemes
A conceptual approach to a path result for branching Brownian motion

AbstractWe give a new, intuitive and relatively straightforward proof of a path large-deviations result for branching Brownian motion (BBM) that can be thought of as extending Schilder’s theorem for a single Brownian motion. Our conceptual approach provides an elegant and striking new application of a change of measure technique that induces a ‘spine’ decomposition and builds on the new foundations for the use of spines in branching diffusions recently developed in Hardy and Harris [Robert Hardy, Simon C. Harris, A new formulation of the spine approach to branching diffusions, 2004, no. 0404, Mathematics Preprint, University of Bath. http://www.bath.ac.uk/~massch/Research/Papers/spine-foundations.pdf; Robert Hardy, Simon C. Harris, Spine proofs for Lp-convergence of branching-diffusion martingales, 2004, no. 0405, Mathematics Preprint, University of Bath. http://www.bath.ac.uk/~massch/Research/Papers/spine-Lp-cgce.pdf], itself inspired by related works of Kyprianou [Andreas Kyprianou, Travelling wave solutions to the K–P–P equation: alternatives to Simon Harris’s probabilistic analysis, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 40 (1) (2004) 53–72] and Lyons et al. [Russell Lyons, A simple path to Biggins’ martingale convergence for branching random walk, in: Classical and Modern Branching Processes (Minneapolis, MN, 1994), IMA Vol. Math. Appl., vol. 84, Springer, New York, 1997, pp. 217–221; Thomas Kurtz, Russell Lyons, Robin Pemantle, Yuval Peres, A conceptual proof of the Kesten–Stigum theorem for multi-type branching processes, in: Classical and Modern Branching Processes (Minneapolis, MN, 1994), IMA Vol. Math. Appl., vol. 84, Springer, New York, 1997, pp. 181–185; Russell Lyons, Robin Pemantle, Yuval Peres, Conceptual proofs of LlogL criteria for mean behavior of branching processes, Ann. Probab. 23 (3) (1995) 1125–1138]. Some of the techniques developed here will also apply in more general branching Markov processes, for example, see Hardy and Harris [Robert Hardy, Simon C. Harris, A spine proof of a lower bound for a typed branching diffusion, 2004, no. 0408, Mathematics Preprint, University of Bath. http://www.bath.ac.uk/~massch/Research/Papers/spine-oubbm.pdf]
2-C-Branched mannosides as a novel family of FimH antagonists—Synthesis and biological evaluation

SummaryUrinary tract infections (UTIs), which are among the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide, are mainly attributed to uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Because of frequent antibiotic treatment, antimicrobial resistance constitutes an increasing therapeutic problem. Antagonists of the mannose-specific bacterial lectin FimH, a key protein mediating the adhesion of UPEC to human bladder cells, would offer an alternative anti-adhesive treatment strategy. In general, FimH antagonists consist of a mannose moiety and a wide range of lipophilic aglycones. Modifications of the mannose core led to a distinct drop in affinity. A visual inspection of the crystal structure of FimH revealed a previously unexplored cavity surrounded by Ile13, Phe142 and Asp140, which could be reached by functional groups in the equatorial 2-position of the mannose. Here, we describe the synthesis of 2-C-branched mannosides and evaluation of their pharmacodynamic properties. ITC experiments with the selected antagonists revealed a drastic enthalpy loss for all 2-C-branched antagonists, which, however, is partially compensated by an entropy gain. This supports the hypothesis that the target cavity is too small to accommodate 2-C-substituents
Coordinated Regulation of Nutrient and Inflammatory Responses by STAMP2 Is Essential for Metabolic Homeostasis

SummaryMetabolic and inflammatory pathways crosstalk at many levels, and, while required for homeostasis, interaction between these pathways can also lead to metabolic dysregulation under conditions of chronic stress. Thus, we hypothesized that mechanisms might exist to prevent overt inflammatory responses during physiological fluctuations in nutrients or under nutrient-rich conditions, and we identified the six-transmembrane protein STAMP2 as a critical modulator of this integrated response system of inflammation and metabolism in adipocytes. Lack of STAMP2 in adipocytes results in aberrant inflammatory responses to both nutrients and acute inflammatory stimuli. Similarly, in whole animals, visceral adipose tissue of STAMP2−/− mice exhibits overt inflammation, and these mice develop spontaneous metabolic disease on a regular diet, manifesting insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, mild hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease. We conclude that STAMP2 participates in integrating inflammatory and metabolic responses and thus plays a key role in systemic metabolic homeostasis
The volume preserving crystalline mean curvature flow of convex sets in RN

AbstractWe prove the existence of a volume preserving crystalline mean curvature flat flow starting from a compact convex set C⊂RN and its convergence, modulo a time-dependent translation, to a Wulff shape with the corresponding volume. We also prove that if C satisfies an interior ball condition (the ball being the Wulff shape), then the evolving convex set satisfies a similar condition for some time. To prove these results we establish existence, uniqueness and short-time regularity for the crystalline mean curvature flat flow with a bounded forcing term starting from C, showing in this case the convergence of an approximation algorithm due to Almgren, Taylor and Wang. Next we study the evolution of the volume and anisotropic perimeter, needed for the proof of the convergence to the Wulff shape as t→+∞
Factors related to deterioration of renal function after singleton delivery in pregnant women with chronic kidney disease

AbstractObjectiveThis study is designed to evaluate which factors would relate to deterioration of renal function (DRF) after delivery in pregnant women with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and methodsThis study included 156 singleton pregnancies of 139 women with CKD at our institution from 2001 to 2010. DRF was defined as the shift of CKD stage into another more severe stage. The relevant variables were compared between women who had DRF (n = 39) and the controls (n = 117).ResultsThe number of transplantation or dialysis cases after delivery was 5.8%. DRF occurred in 25% of the study patients. From a logistic regression model, the factors that influence DRF were the presence of glomerulonephritis [odds ratio (OR) 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–10.81], significant proteinuria prior to pregnancy (≥3 g/d or 3+ more dipstick; OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.14–10.33), and treatment with antiplatelet agents (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.94). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 or more before conception is not a risk factor for DRF after delivery (negative predictive value 0.788).ConclusionThis was the first report to reveal a clear cutoff value regarding DRF in pregnant woman with CKD. There is an almost 78% risk of developing DRF after delivery in patients showing eGFR of 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 or more before conception
Search for a W′ boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA new heavy gauge boson, W′, decaying to a muon and a neutrino, is searched for in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in the transverse mass distribution of the muon–neutrino system. Masses below 1.40 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level for a sequential standard-model-like W′. The W′ mass lower limit increases to 1.58 TeV when the present analysis is combined with the CMS result for the electron channel