pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Can digital reinvention of ecological monitoring remove barriers to its adoption by practitioners? : A case study of deer management in Scotland

Open Access funded by Economic and Social Research Council This research was supported by the award made by the RCUK Digital Economy programme to the dot.rural Digital Economy Hub (award reference EP/G066051/1). We would like to thank both the participants and the course organisers involved in the workshops for the valuable insights they offered on such a complex topic. We would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose insightful comments constructively shaped the subsequent article.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Regulation of neuron-astrocyte metabolic coupling across the sleep-wake cycle.

Over the last thirty years, a growing number of studies showed that astrocytes play a pivotal role in the energy support to synapses. More precisely, astrocytes adjust energy production to neuronal energy needs through different mechanisms grouped under the term "neurometabolic coupling" (NMC). In this review we describe these mechanisms of coupling and how they involve astrocytes. From a physiological point of view, these mechanisms of coupling are particularly important to ensure normal synaptic functioning when neurons undergo rapid and repetitive changes in the firing rate such as during the sleep/wake transitions. Investigations into brain energy metabolism during the sleep/wake cycle have been mainly focused on glucose (Gluc) consumption and on glycogen metabolism. However, the recent development of substrate-specific biosensors allowed measurements of the variation in extracellular levels of glutamate, Gluc and lactate (Lac) with a time resolution compatible with sleep stage duration. Together with gene expression data these experiments allowed to better define the variations of energy metabolite regulation across the sleep/wake cycle. The aim of this review is to bring into perspective the role of astrocytes and NMC in the regulation of the sleep/wake cycle. The data reviewed also suggest an important role of the astrocytic network. In addition, the role of astrocytes in NMC mechanisms is consistent with the "local and use dependent" sleep hypothesis
Disrupted PI3K p110δ signalling dysregulates maternal immune cells and increases fetal mortality in mice

Maternal immune cells are an integral part of reproduction but how they may cause pregnancy complications remains elusive. Macrophages and their dual function in inflammation and tissue repair are thought to play key, yet undefined roles.  Altered perinatal growth underpins adult morbidity and natural killer (NK) cells may sustain fetal growth by establishing the placental blood supply. Using a mouse model of genetic inactivation of PI3K p110δ, a key intracellular signalling molecule in leukocytes, we show that p110δ regulates macrophage dynamics and NK cell-mediated arterial remodelling. The uterus of dams with inactive p110δ had decreased IFN-γ and MHC class IIˡᵒʷ macrophages, but enhanced IL-6. Poor vascular remodelling and pro-inflammatory interauterine milieu resulted in fetal death or growth retardation. Our results provide one mechanism that explains how imbalanced adaptations of maternal innate immune cells to gestation affect offspring wellbeing with consequence perinatally and possibly into adulthood.We would like to thank Klaus Okkenhaug for the provision of the δᴰ⁹¹⁰ᴬ strain, Anne-Katrien Stark for making breeding records available, all members of the Colucci lab for helpful discussions and the staff of the NIHR Cambridge BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub for their support. This work was supported by the Cambridge NIHR BRC Cell Phenotyping Hub and by grants from The Wellcome Trust [094073/Z/10/Z] and the Centre for Trophoblast Research.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.05
Blood lipids and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis

Genetic risk scores were used as unconfounded instruments for specific lipid traits (Mendelian randomization) to assess whether circulating lipids causally influence prostate cancer risk. Data from 22,249 prostate cancer cases and 22,133 controls from 22 studies within the international PRACTICAL consortium were analyzed. Allele scores based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be uniquely associated with each of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels, were first validated in an independent dataset, and then entered into logistic regression models to estimate the presence (and direction) of any causal effect of each lipid trait on prostate cancer risk. There was weak evidence for an association between the LDL genetic score and cancer grade: the odds ratio (OR) per genetically instrumented standard deviation (SD) in LDL, comparing high- (≥7 Gleason score) versus low-grade (<7 Gleason score) cancers was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.46; P = 0.11). A genetically instrumented SD increase in TGs was weakly associated with stage: the OR for advanced versus localized cancer per unit increase in genetic risk score was 1.68 (95% CI: 0.95, 3.00; P = 0.08). The rs12916-T variant in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) was inversely associated with prostate cancer (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00; P = 0.03). In conclusion, circulating lipids, instrumented by our genetic risk scores, did not appear to alter prostate cancer risk. We found weak evidence that higher LDL and TG levels increase aggressive prostate cancer risk, and that a variant in HMGCR (that mimics the LDL lowering effect of statin drugs) reduces risk. However, inferences are limited by sample size and evidence of pleiotropy.C. J. B. is funded by the Wellcome Trust 4-year studentship WT083431MA. The Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme is supported by Cancer Research UK programme grant C18281/A19169. The MRC IEU is supported by the Medical Research Council and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_12013/1-9). The NIHR Bristol Nutrition Biomedical Research Unit is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and is a partnership between University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. The CRUK study and PRACTICAL consortium is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme grant agreement no. 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175), Cancer Research UK Grants C5047/A7357, C1287/A10118, C5047/A3354, C5047/A10692, and C16913/ A6135. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Cancer Post-Cancer GWAS initiative grant no. 1 U19 CA 148537-01 (the GAME-ON initiative) and NIHR support to the Biomedical Research Centre and The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cam4.69
BIOFRAG - a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation

Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species linked to plots in fragments within a partially forested landscape. The database currently holds 9830 unique species recorded in plots of 58 unique landscapes in six of eight realms: mammals 315, birds 1286, herptiles 460, insects 4521, spiders 204, other arthropods 85, gastropods 70, annelids 8, platyhelminthes 4, Onychophora 2, vascular plants 2112, nonvascular plants and lichens 320, and fungi 449. Three landscapes were sampled as long-term time series (>10 years). Seven hundred and eleven species are found in two or more landscapes. Consolidating the substantial amount of primary data available on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in the context of land-use change and natural disturbances is an essential part of understanding the effects of increasing anthropogenic pressures on land. The consistent format of this database facilitates testing of generalizations concerning biologic responses to fragmentation across diverse systems and taxa. It also allows the re-examination of existing datasets with alternative landscape metrics and robust statistical methods, for example, helping to address pseudo-replication problems. The database can thus help researchers in producing broad syntheses of the effects of land use. The database is dynamic and inclusive, and contributions from individual and large-scale data-collection efforts are welcome.Marion Pfeifer ... Konstans Wells ... et al
GJ 832c :
                    A super-earth in the habitable zone

Robert A. Wittenmyer, et al., 'GJ832c: A super-Earth in the habitable zone', The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 791 (2), first published 5 August 2014. The version of record is available at doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/114 ?? 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.We report the detection of GJ 832c, a super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone of GJ 832, an M dwarf previously known to host a Jupiter analog in a nearly circular 9.4 yr orbit. The combination of precise radial-velocity measurements from three telescopes reveals the presence of a planet with a period of 35.68 ?? 0.03 days and minimum mass (m sin i) of 5.4 ?? 1.0 Earth masses. GJ 832c moves on a low-eccentricity orbit (e = 0.18 ?? 0.13) toward the inner edge of the habitable zone. However, given the large mass of the planet, it seems likely that it would possess a massive atmosphere, which may well render the planet inhospitable. Indeed, it is perhaps more likely that GJ 832c is a "super-Venus," featuring significant greenhouse forcing. With an outer giant planet and an interior, potentially rocky planet, the GJ 832 planetary system can be thought of as a miniature version of our own solar system
Off-shell currents and color–kinematics duality

AbstractWe elaborate on the color–kinematics duality for off-shell diagrams in gauge theories coupled to matter, by investigating the scattering process gg→ss,qq¯,gg, and show that the Jacobi relations for the kinematic numerators of off-shell diagrams, built with Feynman rules in axial gauge, reduce to a color–kinematics violating term due to the contributions of sub-graphs only. Such anomaly vanishes when the four particles connected by the Jacobi relation are on their mass shell with vanishing squared momenta, being either external or cut particles, where the validity of the color–kinematics duality is recovered. We discuss the role of the off-shell decomposition in the direct construction of higher-multiplicity numerators satisfying color–kinematics identity in four as well as in d dimensions, for the latter employing the Four Dimensional Formalism variant of the Four Dimensional Helicity scheme. We provide explicit examples for the QCD process gg→qq¯g
Heavy tetraquarks in the diquark–antidiquark picture

AbstractThe homogeneous Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation is solved in momentum space to calculate the masses of heavy tetraquarks with hidden charm and bottom. The tetraquark bound states are studied in the diquark–antidiquark picture as a two-body problem. A regularized form of the diquark–antidiquark potential is used to overcome the singularity of the confining potential at large distances or small momenta. Our numerical results indicate that the relativistic effect leads to a small reduction in the mass of heavy tetraquarks, which is less than 2% for charm and less than 0.2% for bottom tetraquarks. The calculated masses of heavy tetraquarks for 1s, 1p, 2s, 1d and 2p states are in good agreement with other theoretical calculations and experimental data. Our numerical analysis predict the masses of heavy tetraquarks for 3s, 2d and 3p states for the first time, and we are not aware of any other theoretical results or experimental data for these states
Therapist-Guided, Internet-Delivered Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line treatment for young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but most patients do not have access to this treatment. Thus, innovative ways to increase the accessibility of CBT are needed. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of therapist-guided internet-based CBT (ICBT) for adolescents with OCD.MethodSixty-seven adolescents (12–17 years old) with OCD were randomly assigned to a 12-week clinician- and parent-supported ICBT program (BiP OCD) or a waitlist condition. The primary outcome was the Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) administered by blinded assessors before and after the intervention. All patients were followed up 3 months after the intervention.ResultsIn intention-to-treat analyses, BiP OCD was superior to waitlist on the CY-BOCS (time-by-group interaction, B = −4.53, z = −3.74, p < .001; Cohen's d = 0.69; 95% CI 0.19–1.18) and on most secondary outcome measurements. Patients randomized to BiP OCD also showed further improvement from post-treatment to 3-month follow-up, with a within-group pretreatment to follow-up effect size (Cohen's d) equal to 1.68 (95% CI 1.00–2.36). Patient satisfaction with BiP OCD was high. There were no relevant adverse events. Average clinician support time was 17.5 minutes per patient per week.ConclusionTherapist-guided ICBT is a promising low-intensity intervention for adolescents with OCD and has the potential to increase access to CBT. It might be particularly useful in a stepped-care approach, in which a large proportion of patients with moderately severe OCD could first be offered ICBT, thus freeing limited resources for more complex cases.Clinical trial registration information—Internet-Delivered CBT for Adolescents With OCD: A Randomized Controlled Study (BiPOCD); http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02191631
Kinetics of CO2–fluid–rock reactions in a basalt aquifer, Soda Springs, Idaho

AbstractThe dissolution of silicate minerals by CO2-rich fluids and the subsequent precipitation of CO2 as carbonate minerals represent a means of permanently storing anthropogenic CO2 waste products in a solid and secure form. Modelling the progression of these reactions is hindered by our poor understanding of the rates of mineral dissolution–precipitation reactions and mineral surface properties in natural systems. This study evaluates the chemical evolution of groundwater flowing through a basalt aquifer, which forms part of the leaking CO2-charged system of the Blackfoot Volcanic Field in south-eastern Idaho, USA. Reaction progress is modelled using changes in groundwater chemistry by inverse mass balance techniques. The CO2-promoted fluid–mineral reactions include the dissolution of primary plagioclase, orthoclase, pyroxene and gypsum which is balanced by the precipitation of secondary albite, calcite, zeolite, kaolinite and silica. Mineral mole transfers and groundwater flow rates estimated from hydraulic head data are used to determine the kinetics of plagioclase and orthoclase feldspar dissolution. Plagioclase surface area measurements were determined using the evolution of the U-series isotope ratios in the groundwater and are compared to published surface area measurements. Calculated rates of dissolution for plagioclase range from 2.4×10−12 to 4.6×10−16mol/m2/s and orthoclase from 2.0×10−13 to 6.8×10−16mol/m2/s respectively. These feldspar reaction rates, correlate with the degree of mineral–fluid disequilibrium and are similar to the dissolution rates for these mineral measured in other natural CO2-charged groundwater systems
Interpretation of angular distributions of Z-boson production at colliders

AbstractHigh precision data of dilepton angular distributions in γ⁎/Z production were reported recently by the CMS Collaboration covering a broad range of the dilepton transverse momentum, qT, up to ∼300 GeV. Pronounced qT dependencies of the λ and ν parameters, characterizing the cos2⁡θ and cos⁡2ϕ angular distributions, were found. Violation of the Lam–Tung relation was also clearly observed. We show that the qT dependence of λ allows a determination of the relative contributions of the qq¯ annihilation versus the qG Compton process. The violation of the Lam–Tung relation is attributed to the presence of a non-zero component of the q−q¯ axis in the direction normal to the “hadron plane” formed by the colliding hadrons. The magnitude of the violation of the Lam–Tung relation is shown to reflect the amount of this ‘non-coplanarity”. The observed qT dependencies of λ and ν from the CMS and the earlier CDF data can be well described using this approach
Making a Case for Social Impact Assessment in Urban Development: Social Impacts and Legal Disputes in Queensland, Australia

AbstractUrban land use planning and policy decisions are often contested, with the multiple stakeholders (business, developers, residents, policymakers and the wider community) frequently holding opposing viewpoints about the issues and best solution. In recent years, however, the participatory process of social impact assessment (SIA) has received significant attention as a way to mitigate conflict, facilitating negotiation and conflict resolution. This paper examines how social impacts have informed development appeals in Australia, focussing on ten cases from the Queensland Planning and Environment Court (QPEC). Half are appeals from community members (typically neighbours) wanting to oppose approvals and half from organisations appealing against City Councils decisions to deny their development applications. While legal challenges do not necessarily reflect attitudes and practices, they provide a means to begin to assess how social impacts (although not often explicitly defined as such) inform development related disputes. Based on the nature and outcomes of 10 QPEC cases, we argue that many legal cases could have been avoided if SIA had been undertaken appropriately. First, the issues in each case are clearly social, incorporating impacts on amenity, the character of an area, the needs of different social groups, perceptions of risk and a range of other social issues. Second, the outcomes and recommendations from each case, such as negotiating agreements, modifying plans and accommodating community concerns would have been equally served thorough SIA. Our argument is that engagement at an early stage, utilising SIA, could have likely achieved the same result in a less adversarial and much less expensive and time-consuming environment than a legal case
Linkage-Disequilibrium-Based Binning Affects the Interpretation of GWASs

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are critically dependent on detailed knowledge of the pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the human genome. GWASs generate lists of variants, usually SNPs, ranked according to the significance of their association to a trait. Downstream analyses generally focus on the gene or genes that are physically closest to these SNPs and ignore their LD profile with other SNPs. We have developed a flexible R package (LDsnpR) that efficiently assigns SNPs to genes on the basis of both their physical position and their pairwise LD with other SNPs. We used the positional-binning and LD-based-binning approaches to investigate whether including these “LD-based” SNPs would affect the interpretation of three published GWASs on bipolar affective disorder (BP) and of the imputed versions of two of these GWASs. We show how including LD can be important for interpreting and comparing GWASs. In the published, unimputed GWASs, LD-based binning effectively “recovered” 6.1%–8.3% of Ensembl-defined genes. It altered the ranks of the genes and resulted in nonnegligible differences between the lists of the top 2,000 genes emerging from the two binning approaches. It also improved the overall gene-based concordance between independent BP studies. In the imputed datasets, although the increases in coverage (>0.4%) and rank changes were more modest, even greater concordance between the studies was observed, attesting to the potential of LD-based binning on imputed data as well. Thus, ignoring LD can result in the misinterpretation of the GWAS findings and have an impact on subsequent genetic and functional studies
A fresh look into m¯c,b(m¯c,b) and precise fD(s),B(s) from heavy–light QCD spectral sum rules

AbstractUsing recent values of the QCD (non-)perturbative parameters given in Table 1 and an estimate of the N3LO QCD perturbative contributions based on the geometric growth of the PT series, we re-use QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR) known to N2LO PT series and including all dimension-six NP condensate contributions in the full QCD theory, for improving the existing estimates of m¯c,b and fD(s),B(s) from the open charm and beauty systems. We especially study the effects of the subtraction point on “different QSSR data” and use (for the first time) the Renormalization Group Invariant (RGI) scale-independent quark masses in the analysis. The estimates [rigourous model-independent upper bounds within the SVZ framework] reported in Table 8: fD/fπ=1.56(5) [⩽1.68(1)], fB/fπ=1.58(5) [⩽1.80(3)] and fDs/fK=1.58(4) [⩽1.63(1)], fBs/fK=1.50(3) [⩽1.61(3.5)], which improve previous QSSR estimates, are in perfect agreement (in values and precisions) with some of the experimental data on fD,Ds and on recent lattice simulations within dynamical quarks. These remarkable agreements confirm both the success of the QSSR semi-approximate approach based on the OPE in terms of the quark and gluon condensates and of the Minimal Duality Ansatz (MDA) for parametrizing the hadronic spectral function which we have tested from the complete data of the J/ψ and ϒ systems. The values of the running quark masses m¯c(mc)=1286(66) MeV and m¯b(mb)=4236(69) MeV from MD,B are in good agreement though less accurate than the ones from recent J/ψ and ϒ sum rules
Mixing 3-colourings in bipartite graphs

AbstractFor a 3-colourable graph G, the 3-colour graph of G, denoted C3(G), is the graph with node set the proper vertex 3-colourings of G, and two nodes adjacent whenever the corresponding colourings differ on precisely one vertex of G. We consider the following question: given G, how easily can one decide whether or not C3(G) is connected? We show that the 3-colour graph of a 3-chromatic graph is never connected, and characterise the bipartite graphs for which C3(G) is connected. We also show that the problem of deciding the connectedness of the 3-colour graph of a bipartite graph is coNP-complete, but that restricted to planar bipartite graphs, the question is answerable in polynomial time