pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The effect of US signalling and the US–CS interval on backward conditioning in mice.

The effect of US signalling and the US–CS interval in backward conditioning was assessed in mice. For one group of mice the presentation of food was signalled by a tone and for another group, food was unsignalled. For half of the mice, within each group, the presentation of food preceded a visual cue by 10 s. For the other half, food was presented at the start of the visual cue (0-s US–CS interval), resulting in simultaneous pairings of these events. A summation test and a subsequent retardation test were used to assess the inhibitory effects of backward conditioning in comparison to training with a non-reinforced visual cue that controlled for the possible effects of latent inhibition and conditioned inhibition caused as a consequence of differential conditioning. In the summation test unsignalled presentations of the US resulted in inhibition when the US–CS interval was 10 s, but not 0 s. Signalled presentations of the US resulted in inhibition, independent of the US–CS interval. In the retardation test, independent of US signalling, a US–CS interval of 10 s failed to result in inhibition, but an interval of 0 s resulted in greater conditioned responding to the backward CS than the control CS. A generalisation decrement account of the effect of signalling the US with a 0-s US–CS interval, which resulted in reduced responding in the summation test and faster acquisition in the retardation test, is discussed
Spectral distances on graphs.

By assigning a probability measure via the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian to each graph and using Lp Wasserstein distances between probability measures, we define the corresponding spectral distances dp on the set of all graphs. This approach can even be extended to measuring the distances between infinite graphs. We prove that the diameter of the set of graphs, as a pseudo-metric space equipped with d1, is one. We further study the behavior of d1 when the size of graphs tends to infinity by interlacing inequalities aiming at exploring large real networks. A monotonic relation between d1 and the evolutionary distance of biological networks is observed in simulations
Ellipsoidal plasma mirror focusing of high power laser pulses to ultra-high intensities.

The design and development of an ellipsoidal F/1 focusing plasmamirror capable of increasing the peak intensity achievable on petawatt level laser systems to is presented. A factor of 2.5 reduction in the focal spot size is achieved when compared to F/3 focusing with a conventional (solid state) optic. We find a factor of 3.6 enhancement in peak intensity, taking into account changes in plasmamirrorreflectivity and focal spot quality. The sensitivity of the focusing plasmaoptic to misalignment is also investigated. It is demonstrated that an increase in the peak laser intensity from to 1021 W cm−2 results in a factor of 2 increase in the maximum energy of sheath-accelerated protons from a thin foil positioned at the focus of the intense laser light
Effectiveness and Content Analysis of Interventions to Enhance Oral Antidiabetic Drug Adherence in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes : Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

We thank Frederic Bergeron, information scientist, for assistance in search strategies. We thank American Journal Experts for editing the text. Source of financial support: This study was funded by the Laval University Chair on Adherence to Treatments. This Chair is supported by nonrestricted grants from AstraZeneca Canada, Merck Canada, Sanofi Canada, and Pfizer Canada and from the Prends soin de toi program (a Quebec provincial program for the improvement of public health).Peer reviewedPostprin
Model colloidal fluid with competing interactions: bulk and interfacial properties

Copyright 2007 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physics, 2007, 126 (1), 014104  and may be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405355Using a simple mean field density functional theory (DFT), the authors investigate the structure and phase behavior of a model colloidal fluid composed of particles interacting via a pair potential which has a hard core of diameter, is attractive Yukawa at intermediate separations, and is repulsive Yukawa at large separations. The authors analyze the form of the asymptotic decay of the bulk fluid correlation functions, comparing results from DFT with those from the self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike approximation (SCOZA). In both theories the authors find rich crossover behavior, whereby the ultimate decay of correlation functions changes from monotonic to long wavelength damped oscillatory decay on crossing certain lines in the phase diagram or sometimes from oscillatory to oscillatory with a longer wavelength. For some choices of potential parameters the authors find, within the DFT, a λ line at which the fluid becomes unstable with respect to periodic density fluctuations. SCOZA fails to yield solutions for state points near such a λ line. The propensity towards clustering of particles, which is reflected by the presence of a long wavelength () slowly decaying oscillatory pair correlation function, and a structure factor that exhibits a very sharp maximum at small but nonzero wave numbers, is enhanced in states near the λ line. The authors present density profiles for the planar liquid-gas interface and for fluids adsorbed at a planar hard wall. The presence of a nearby λ transition gives rise to pronounced long wavelength oscillations in the one-body density profiles at both types of interface. © 2007 American Institute of Physics
Re-visiting crash-speed relationships: a new perspective in crash modelling

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Although speed is considered to be one of the main crash contributory factors, research findings are inconsistent. Independent of the robustness of their statistical approaches, crash frequency models typically employ crash data that are aggregated using spatial criteria (e.g., crash counts by link termed as a link-based approach). In this approach, the variability in crashes between links is explained by highly aggregated average measures that may be inappropriate, especially for time-varying variables such as speed and volume. This paper re-examines crash-speed relationships by creating a new crash data aggregation approach that enables improved representation of the road conditions just before crash occurrences. Crashes are aggregated according to the similarity of their pre-crash traffic and geometric conditions, forming an alternative crash count dataset termed as a condition-based approach. Crash-speed relationships are separately developed and compared for both approaches by employing the annual crashes that occurred on the Strategic Road Network of England in 2012. The datasets are modelled by injury severity using multivariate Poisson lognormal regression, with multivariate spatial effects for the link-based model, using a full Bayesian inference approach. The results of the condition-based approach show that high speeds trigger crash frequency. The outcome of the link-based model is the opposite; suggesting that the speed-crash relationship is negative regardless of crash severity. The differences between the results imply that data aggregation is a crucial, yet so far overlooked, methodological element of crash data analyses that may have direct impact on the modelling outcomes
Natural convection flow and heat transfer in an enclosure containing staggered arrangement of blockages.

The work reported in this paper is a numerical study of airflow and heat transfer for low turbulence buoyancy-driven flow in a rectangular cavity partially filled with solid objects. The two vertical walls were maintained at constant temperatures giving a temperature differential of 42.2 ?C resulting in a characteristic Rayleigh number of 1.45 ? 109. Two different types of blockage arrangements were considered for analysis, and these consist of In-line and Staggered arrangements of 12 ? 6 and 12 ? 3 objects. In all cases, steady state flow and wall heat transfer data at the mid-height and mid-width of the cavity are presented. The flow domain displayed a stable core region and the average core temperature was found to be strongly influenced by different stacking arrangement of solid objects. In general, the staggered arrangement resulted in lower heat transfer through the surfaces which is linked with the suppression of turbulence within the boundary layers close to the surfaces
Search for flavour-changing neutral current top quark decays $t\to Hq$
  in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for flavour-changing neutral current decays of a top quark to an
up-type quark ($q=u, c$) and the Standard Model Higgs boson, where the Higgs
boson decays to $b\bar{b}$, is presented. The analysis searches for top quark
pair events in which one top quark decays to $Wb$, with the $W$ boson decaying
leptonically, and the other top quark decays to $Hq$. The search is based on
$pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at
the CERN Large Hadron Collider and uses an integrated luminosity of 20.3
fb$^{-1}$. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised
by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits the
high multiplicity of $b$-quark jets characteristic of signal events, and
employs a likelihood discriminant that uses the kinematic differences between
the signal and the background, which is dominated by $t\bar{t} \to WbWb$
decays. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is
found, and observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits of 0.56% (0.42%) and 0.61%
(0.64%) are derived for the $t\to Hc$ and $t\to Hu$ branching ratios
respectively. The combination of this search with other ATLAS searches in the
$H \to \gamma\gamma$ and $H\to WW^*, \tau\tau$ decay modes significantly
improves the sensitivity, yielding observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits on
the $t\to Hc$ and $t\to Hu$ branching ratios of 0.46% (0.25%) and 0.45% (0.29%)
respectively. The corresponding combined observed (expected) upper limits on
the $|\lambda_{tcH}|$ and $|\lambda_{tuH}|$ couplings are 0.13 (0.10) and 0.13
(0.10) respectively. These are the most restrictive direct bounds on $tqH$
interactions measured so far.Comment: 44 pages + author list + cover pages (61 pages total), 14 figures, 5
  tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-14
Orthogonal and symplectic Yangians and Yang-Baxter R-operators

Yang-Baxter R operators symmetric with respect to the orthogonal and
symplectic algebras are considered in an uniform way. Explicit forms for the
spinorial and metaplectic R operators are obtained. L operators, obeying the
RLL relation with the orthogonal or symplectic fundamental R matrix, are
considered in the interesting cases, where their expansion in inverse powers of
the spectral parameter is truncated. Unlike the case of special linear algebra
symmetry the truncation results in additional conditions on the Lie algebra
generators of which the L operators is built and which can be fulfilled in
distinguished representations only. Further, generalised L operators, obeying
the modified RLL relation with the fundamental R matrix replaced by the
spinorial or metaplectic one, are considered in the particular case of linear
dependence on the spectral parameter. It is shown how by fusion with respect to
the spinorial or metaplectic representation these first order spinorial L
operators reproduce the ordinary L operators with second order truncation.Comment: 24 page
A room temperature CO$_2$ line list with ab initio computed intensities

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are being closely monitored by
remote sensing experiments which rely on knowing line intensities with an
uncertainty of 0.5% or better. We report a theoretical study providing
rotation-vibration line intensities substantially within the required accuracy
based on the use of a highly accurate {\it ab initio} dipole moment surface
(DMS). The theoretical model developed is used to compute CO$_2$ intensities
with uncertainty estimates informed by cross comparing line lists calculated
using pairs of potential energy surfaces (PES) and DMS's of similar high
quality. This yields lines sensitivities which are utilized in reliability
analysis of our results. The final outcome is compared to recent accurate
measurements as well as the HITRAN2012 database. Transition frequencies are
obtained from effective Hamiltonian calculations to produce a comprehensive
line list covering all $^{12}$C$^{16}$O$_2$ transitions below 8000 cm$^{-1}$
and stronger than 10$^{-30}$ cm / molecule at $T=296$~
Search for new physics with the MT2 variable in all-jets final states
  produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for new physics is performed using events that contain one or more
jets, no isolated leptons, and a large transverse momentum imbalance, as
measured through the MT2 variable, which is an extension of the transverse mass
in events with two invisible particles. The results are based on a sample of
proton-proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with
the CMS detector at the LHC, and that corresponds to an integrated luminosity
of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The observed event yields in the data are consistent
with predictions for the standard model backgrounds. The results are
interpreted using simplified models of supersymmetry and are expressed in terms
of limits on the masses of potential new colored particles. Assuming that the
lightest neutralino is stable and has a mass less than about 500 GeV, gluino
masses up to 1550-1750 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on
the gluino decay mechanism. For the scenario of direct production of
squark-antisquark pairs, top squarks with masses up to 800 GeV are excluded,
assuming a 100% branching fraction for the decay to a top quark and neutralino.
Similarly, bottom squark masses are excluded up to 880 GeV, and masses of
light-flavor squarks are excluded up to 600-1260 GeV, depending on the degree
of degeneracy of the squark masses.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables, including supplemental figures and tables, can be at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-15-003/index.htm
Solutions for the stable roommates problem with payments

The stable roommates problem with payments has as input a graph G = (V, E) with an edge weighting w : E -> R->= 0 and the problem is to find a stable solution. A solution is a matching M with a vector p is an element of R->= 0(V) that satisfies p(u) + p(v) = w(uv) for all uv is an element of M and p(u) = 0 for all u unmatched in M. A solution is stable if it prevents blocking pairs, i.e., pairs of adjacent vertices u and v with p(u) + p(v) < w(uv), or equivalently, if the total blocking value Sigma(uv is an element of E), max{0, w(uv) - (P-u + P-v)} = 0. By pinpointing a relationship to the accessibility of the coalition structure core of matching games, we give a constructive proof for showing that every yes-instance of the stable roommates problem with payments allows a path of linear length that starts in an arbitrary unstable solution and that ends in a stable solution. This generalizes a result of Chen, Fujishige and Yang (2011) [4] for bipartite instances to general instances. We also show that the problems BLOCKING PAIRS and BLOCKING VALUE, which are to find a solution with a minimum number of blocking pairs or a minimum total blocking value, respectively, are NP-hard. Finally, we prove that the variant of the first problem, in which the number of blocking pairs must be minimized with respect to some fixed matching, is NP-hard, whereas this variant of the second problem is polynomial-time solvable. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A method of ‘speed coefficients’ for biochemical model reduction applied to the NF-κB system.

This is a freely-available open access publication. Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.The relationship between components of biochemical network and the resulting dynamics of the overall system is a key focus of computational biology. However, as these networks and resulting mathematical models are inherently complex and non-linear, the understanding of this relationship becomes challenging. Among many approaches, model reduction methods provide an avenue to extract components responsible for the key dynamical features of the system. Unfortunately, these approaches often require intuition to apply. In this manuscript we propose a practical algorithm for the reduction of biochemical reaction systems using fast-slow asymptotics. This method allows the ranking of system variables according to how quickly they approach their momentary steady state, thus selecting the fastest for a steady state approximation. We applied this method to derive models of the Nuclear Factor kappa B network, a key regulator of the immune response that exhibits oscillatory dynamics. Analyses with respect to two specific solutions, which corresponded to different experimental conditions identified different components of the system that were responsible for the respective dynamics. This is an important demonstration of how reduction methods that provide approximations around a specific steady state, could be utilised in order to gain a better understanding of network topology in a broader context.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)BBSRC David Phillips Research Fellowshi
RbAp46/48<font size=-1><sup>LIN-53</sup></font> is Required for Holocentromere Assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans

Centromeres, the specialized chromosomal regions for recruiting kinetochores and directing chromosome segregation, are epigenetically marked by a centromeric histone H3 variant, CENP-A. To maintain centromere identity through cell cycles, CENP-A diluted during DNA replication is replenished. The licensing factor M18BP1KNL-2 is known to recruit CENP-A to holocentromeres. Here, we show that RbAp46/48LIN-53, a conserved histone chaperone, is required for CENP-AHCP-3 localization in holocentric Caenorhabditis elegans. Indeed, RbAp46/48LIN-53 and CENP-AHCP-3 localizations are interdependent. RbAp46/48LIN-53 localizes to the centromere during metaphase in a CENP-AHCP-3- and M18BP1KNL-2-dependent manner, suggesting CENP-AHCP-3 loading may occur before anaphase. RbAp46/48LIN-53 does not function at the centromere through histone acetylation, H3K27 trimethylation, or its known chromatin-modifying complexes. RbAp46/48LIN-53 may function independently to escort CENP-AHCP-3 for holocentromere assembly but is dispensable for other kinetochore protein recruitment. Nonetheless, depletion of RbAp46/48LIN-53 leads to anaphase bridges and chromosome missegregation. This study unravels the holocentromere assembly hierarchy and its conservation with monocentromeres.published_or_final_versio
A meta-analysis of long-term effects of conservation agriculture on maize grain yield under rain-fed conditions

Conservation agriculture involves reduced tillage, permanent soil cover and crop rotations to enhance soil fertility and to supply food from a dwindling land resource. Recently, conservation agriculture has been promoted in Southern Africa, mainly for maize-based farming systems. However, maize yields under rain-fed conditions are often variable. There is therefore a need to identify factors that influence crop yield under conservation agriculture and rain-fed conditions. Here, we studied maize grain yield data from experiments lasting 5 years and more under rain-fed conditions. We assessed the effect of long-term tillage and residue retention on maize grain yield under contrasting soil textures, nitrogen input and climate. Yield variability was measured by stability analysis. Our results show an increase in maize yield over time with conservation agriculture practices that include rotation and high input use in low rainfall areas. But we observed no difference in system stability under those conditions. We observed a strong relationship between maize grain yield and annual rainfall. Our meta-analysis gave the following findings: (1) 92% of the data show that mulch cover in high rainfall areas leads to lower yields due to waterlogging; (2) 85% of data show that soil texture is important in the temporal development of conservation agriculture effects, improved yields are likely on well-drained soils; (3) 73% of the data show that conservation agriculture practices require high inputs especially N for improved yield; (4) 63% of data show that increased yields are obtained with rotation but calculations often do not include the variations in rainfall within and between seasons; (5) 56% of the data show that reduced tillage with no mulch cover leads to lower yields in semi-arid areas; and (6) when adequate fertiliser is available, rainfall is the most important determinant of yield in southern Africa. It is clear from our results that conservation agriculture needs to be targeted and adapted to specific biophysical conditions for improved impact. (Résumé d'auteur
A measurement of the ratio of the w and z cross sections with exactly one associated jet in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

The ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio. Results are obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 33 pb(-1). The results are compared with perturbative leading-order, leading-log, and next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and are found to agree within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The ratio is measured for events with a single jet with p(T) > 30 GeV to be 8.73 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.40(syst) in the electron channel, and 8.49 +/- 0.23(stat) +/- 0.33(syst) in the muon channel