pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies confirm an increase in circulating inflammatory markers during acute psychosis. Longitudinal studies are scarce but are needed to understand whether elevated inflammatory markers are a cause or consequence of illness. We report a longitudinal study of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescence and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and related psychoses in adulthood in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. METHOD: Serum high-sensitivity CRP was measured at age 15/16 years in 6362 participants. ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychoses were obtained from centralised hospital inpatient and outpatient registers up to age 27 years. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (ORs) for psychotic outcomes associated with baseline CRP levels analysed as both continuous and categorical variables using American Heart Association criteria. Age, sex, body mass index, maternal education, smoking, and alcohol use were included as potential confounders. RESULTS: By age 27years, 88 cases of non-affective psychosis (1.38%), of which 22 were schizophrenia (0.35%), were identified. Adolescent CRP was associated with subsequent schizophrenia. The adjusted OR for schizophrenia by age 27yearsfor each standard deviation (SD) increase in CRP levels at age 15/16yearswas 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07-1.46), which was consistent with a linear, dose-response relationship (P-value for quadratic term 0.23). Using CRP as a categorical variable, those with high (>3mg/L) compared with low (<1mg/L) CRP levels at baseline were more likely to develop schizophrenia; adjusted OR 4.25 (95% CI, 1.30-13.93). There was some indication that higher CRP was associated with earlier onset of schizophrenia (rs=-0.40; P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS: A longitudinal association between adolescent CRP levels and adult schizophrenia diagnosis indicates a potentially important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the illness, although the findings, based on a small number of cases, need to be interpreted with caution and require replication in other samples
Energy release rate in hydraulic fracture : Can we neglect an impact of the hydraulically induced shear stress?

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2016.09.013A novel hydraulic fracture (HF) formulation is introduced which accounts for the hydraulically induced shear stress at the crack faces. It utilizes a general form of the elasticity operator alongside a revised fracture propagation condition based on the critical value of the energy release rate. It is shown that the revised formulation describes the underlying physics of HF in a more accurate way and is in agreement with the asymptotic behaviour of the linear elastic fracture mechanics. A number of numerical simulations by means of the universal HF algorithm previously developed in [Wrobel M., Mishuris G. (2015) Hydraulic fracture revisited: Particle velocity based simulation. International Journal of Engineering Science, 94: 23?58] are performed in order to: (i) compare the modified HF formulation with its classic counterpart and (ii) investigate the peculiarities of the former. Computational advantages of the revised HF model are demonstrated. Asymptotic estimations of the main solution elements are provided for the cases of small and large toughness. The modified formulation opens new ways to analyse the physical phenomenon of HF and also improves the reliability and efficiency of its numerical simulations.authorsversionPeer reviewe
Grassmann phase space methods for fermions. I. Mode theory

In both quantum optics and cold atom physics, the behaviour of bosonic photons and atoms is often treated using phase space methods, where mode annihilation and creation operators are represented by c-number phase space variables, with the density operator equivalent to a distribution function of these variables. The anti-commutation rules for fermion annihilation, creation operators suggest the possibility of using anti-commuting Grassmann variables to represent these operators. However, in spite of the seminal work by Cahill and Glauber and a few applications, the use of Grassmann phase space methods in quantum–atom optics to treat fermionic systems is rather rare, though fermion coherent states using Grassmann variables are widely used in particle physics. The theory of Grassmann phase space methods for fermions based on separate modes is developed, showing how the distribution function is defined and used to determine quantum correlation functions, Fock state populations and coherences via Grassmann phase space integrals, how the Fokker–Planck equations are obtained and then converted into equivalent Ito equations for stochastic Grassmann variables. The fermion distribution function is an even Grassmann function, and is unique. The number of c-number Wiener increments involved is 2n2, if there are n modes. The situation is somewhat different to the bosonic c-number case where only 2n Wiener increments are involved, the sign of the drift term in the Ito equation is reversed and the diffusion matrix in the Fokker–Planck equation is anti-symmetric rather than symmetric. The un-normalisedB distribution is of particular importance for determining Fock state populations and coherences, and as pointed out by Plimak, Collett and Olsen, the drift vector in its Fokker–Planck equation only depends linearly on the Grassmann variables. Using this key feature we show how the Ito stochastic equations can be solved numerically for finite times in terms of c-number stochastic quantities. Averages of products of Grassmann stochastic variables at the initial time are also involved, but these are determined from the initial conditions for the quantum state. The detailed approach to the numerics is outlined, showing that (apart from standard issues in such numerics) numerical calculations for Grassmann phase space theories of fermion systems could be carried out without needing to represent Grassmann phase space variables on the computer, and only involving processes using c-numbers. We compare our approach to that of Plimak, Collett and Olsen and show that the two approaches differ. As a simple test case we apply the B distribution theory and solve the Ito stochastic equations to demonstrate coupling between degenerate Cooper pairs in a four mode fermionic system involving spin conserving interactions between the spin 1/2 fermions, where modes with momenta −k,+k—each associated with spin up, spin down states, are involved
Open source drug discovery : highly potent antimalarial compounds derived from the tres cantos arylpyrroles

The development of new antimalarial compounds remains a pivotal part of the strategy for malaria elimination. Recent large-scale phenotypic screens have provided a wealth of potential starting points for hit-to-lead campaigns. One such public set is explored, employing an open source research mechanism in which all data and ideas were shared in real time, anyone was able to participate, and patents were not sought. One chemical subseries was found to exhibit oral activity but contained a labile ester that could not be replaced without loss of activity, and the original hit exhibited remarkable sensitivity to minor structural change. A second subseries displayed high potency, including activity within gametocyte and liver stage assays, but at the cost of low solubility. As an open source research project, unexplored avenues are clearly identified and may be explored further by the community; new findings may be cumulatively added to the present work
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in events containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in 1.04  fb[superscript −1] of data. Gluino and squark masses below 700 GeV and 875 GeV respectively are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion limit increases to 1075 GeV for squarks and gluinos of equal mass. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tanβ=10, A[subscript 0]=0 and μ>0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 950 GeV. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchNational Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of EnergyBrookhaven National Laborator
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.1 fb[superscript −1] from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tan β between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R-hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Massive vectors and loop observables: the g − 2 case

We discuss the use of massive vectors for the interpretation of some recent experimental anomalies, with special attention to the muon g−2. We restrict our discussion to the case where the massive vector is embedded into a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry, so that the predictions are not affected by the choice of an arbitrary energy cut-off. Extended gauge symmetries, however, typically impose strong constraints on the mass of the new vector boson and for the muon g − 2 they basically rule out, barring the case of abelian gauge extensions, the explanation of the discrepancy in terms of a single vector extension of the standard model. We finally comment on the use of massive vectors for B-meson decay and di-photon anomalies
Measurement of subject multiplicities in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA and determination of alpha(s)

The subjet multiplicity has been measured in neutral current e(+) p interactions at Q(2) > 125 GeV2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb(-1). Jets were identified in the laboratory frame using the longitudinally invariant k(T) cluster algorithm. The number of jet-like substructures within jets, known as the subjet multiplicity, is defined as the number of clusters resolved in a jet by reapplying the jet algorithm at a smaller resolution scale y(cut). Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity, <n(sbj)>, for jets with transverse energies E-T,E-jet > 15 GeV are presented. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations describe the measurements well. The value of alpha(s) (M-Z), determined from <n(sbj)> at y(cut) = 10(-2) for jets with 25 < E-T,E-jet < 71 GeV, is alpha(s) (M-Z) = 0.1187 +/- 0.0017(stat.)(-0.0009)(+0.0024)(syst.)(-0.0076)(+0.0093)(th.). (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V
Genetically modified maize : less drudgery for her, more maize for him? Evidence from smallholder maize farmers in South Africa

Genetically modified (GM) crop technologies have made great strides since its first introduction in 1996. Although there is
an extensive and growing body of literature on the economic impact of the adoption of GM crops in both developing and developed
economies, there is only scant evidence that the technology has had any specific and distinguishable impact among female and male
farmers. In economies where female farmers and female household members have a significant and often differentiated role in agriculture
production, it is crucial to be able to answer this question. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative results from a study of the
gender-specific adoption and performance effects of insect resistant (Bt) and herbicide-tolerant (HT) maize produced by smallholder
farmers in the Kwa Zulu Natal province in South Africa. The findings indicate that women farmers value the labor-saving benefit of
HT maize alongside the stacked varieties which offer both insect control and labor saving. Higher yields are the main reason behind
male adoption, while female farmers tend to favor other aspects like taste, quality, and the ease of farming herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops.
Women farmers (and also children) saved significant time because less weeding is required, an activity that has traditionally been the
responsibility of female farmers. The newer stacked varieties were preferred by both male and female farmers and seemed to be in high
demand by both groups. However, lack of GM seed availability in the region and poor market access were possible limitations to the
adoption and spread of the technology.The United States Department of State, the
Rockefeller Foundation and ESRC/DFID.www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddevam2016Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Developmen
Basis invariant measure of CP-violation and renormalization

AbstractWe analyze, in the context of a simple toy model, for which renormalization schemes the CP-properties of bare Lagrangian and its finite part coincide. We show that this is the case for the minimal subtraction and on-shell schemes. The CP-properties of the theory can then be characterized by CP-odd basis invariants expressed in terms of renormalized masses and couplings. For the minimal subtraction scheme we furthermore show that in CP-conserving theories the CP-odd basis invariants are zero at any scale but are not renormalization group invariant in CP-violating ones
Supersymmetric analogue of BCN type rational integrable models with polarized spin reversal operators

AbstractWe derive the exact spectra as well as partition functions for a class of BCN type of spin Calogero models, whose Hamiltonians are constructed by using supersymmetric analogues of polarized spin reversal operators (SAPSRO). The strong coupling limit of these spin Calogero models yields BCN type of Polychronakos–Frahm (PF) spin chains with SAPSRO. By applying the freezing trick, we obtain an exact expression for the partition functions of such PF spin chains. We also derive a formula which expresses the partition function of any BCN type of PF spin chain with SAPSRO in terms of partition functions of several AK types of supersymmetric PF spin chains, where K⩽N−1. Subsequently we show that an extended boson–fermion duality relation is obeyed by the partition functions of the BCN type of PF chains with SAPSRO. Some spectral properties of these spin chains, like level density distribution and nearest neighbor spacing distribution, are also studied
High accuracy U-235(n,f) data in the resonance energy region

The U-235 neutron-induced cross section is widely used as reference cross section for measuring other fission cross sections, but in the resonance region it is not considered as an IAEA standard because of the scarce experimental data covering the full region. In this work, we deal with a new analysis of the experimental data obtained with a detection setup based on parallel plate ionization chambers (PPACs) at the CERN n_TOF facility in the range from 1 eV to 10 keV. The relative cross section has been normalised to the IAEA value in the region between 7.8 and 11 eV, which is claimed as well-known. Comparison with the ENDF/B-VII evaluation and the IAEA reference file from 100 eV to 10 keV are provided.Postprint (published version
Different mechanism of two-proton emission from proton-rich nuclei 23Al and 22Mg

AbstractTwo-proton relative momentum (qpp) and opening angle (θpp) distributions from the three-body decay of two excited proton-rich nuclei, namely Al23→p+p+Na21 and Mg22→p+p+Ne20, have been measured with the projectile fragment separator (RIPS) at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory. An evident peak at qpp∼20 MeV/c as well as a peak in θpp around 30° are seen in the two-proton break-up channel from a highly-excited 22Mg. In contrast, such peaks are absent for the 23Al case. It is concluded that the two-proton emission mechanism of excited 22Mg is quite different from the 23Al case, with the former having a favorable diproton emission component at a highly excited state and the latter dominated by the sequential decay process
Vapour – Liquid Equilibrium Measurements of CO2 based Mixtures: Experimental Apparatus and Testing Procedures

AbstractAt present, the accurate evaluation of the thermo-physical behaviour of multicomponent fluids represents a crucial element for studying and simulating low CO2 emission energy conversion technologies. In order to extend the range of application of the available thermodynamic models, an intense experimental research activity has been performed in recent years. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the experimental and modelling procedures applied by the authors to measure and to analyse data extracted from the Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium apparatus recently installed at LEAP laboratory. This test rig allows the characterization of mixture phase equilibrium properties on the basis of the static-analytical method, within the pressure and temperature ranges of 0 – 20MPa and -60 – 200̊C. Finally, the paper reports the most relevant features and the main guidelines for the instruments calibration procedures
Comments on quasiparticle models of quark–gluon plasma

AbstractHere we comment on the thermodynamic inconsistency problem and the reformulation of statistical mechanics of widely studied quasiparticle models of quark–gluon plasma. Their starting relation, the expression for pressure itself is a wrong choice and lead to thermodynamic inconsistency and the requirements of the reformulation of statistical mechanics. We propose a new approach to the problem using the standard statistical mechanics and is thermodynamically consistent. We also show that the other quasiparticle models may be obtained from our general formalism as a special case under certain restrictive condition. Further, as an example, we have applied our model to explain the nonideal behaviour of gluon plasma and obtained a remarkable good fit to the lattice results by adjusting just a single parameter
Holographic fermionic spectrum from Born–Infeld AdS black hole

AbstractIn this letter, we systematically explore the holographic (non-)relativistic fermionic spectrum without/with dipole coupling dual to Born–Infeld anti-de Sitter (BI-AdS) black hole. For the relativistic fermionic fixed point, this holographic fermionic system exhibits non-Fermi liquid behavior. Also, with the increase of BI parameter γ, the non-Fermi liquid becomes even “more non-Fermi”. When the dipole coupling term is included, we find that the BI term makes it a lot tougher to form the gap. While for the non-relativistic fermionic system with large dipole coupling in BI-AdS background, with the increase of BI parameter, the gap comes into being again
Search for extra dimensions using diphoton events in 7 TeV proton–proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

AbstractUsing data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, a search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions has been performed through an analysis of the diphoton final state. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.12 fb−1 of s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions. The diphoton invariant mass (mγγ) spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the expected Standard Model background. In the large extra dimension scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, the results provide 95% CL lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 2.27 and 3.53 TeV, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. The results also set 95% CL lower limits on the lightest Randall–Sundrum graviton mass of between 0.79 and 1.85 TeV, for values of the dimensionless coupling k/M¯Pl varying from 0.01 to 0.1. Combining with previously published ATLAS results from the dielectron and dimuon final states, the 95% CL lower limit on the Randall–Sundrum graviton mass for k/M¯Pl=0.01 (0.1) is 0.80 (1.95) TeV
Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is required for radial glial neurogenesis following spinal cord injury

AbstractSpinal cord injury results in permanent sensorimotor loss in mammals, in part due to a lack of injury-induced neurogenesis. The regeneration of neurons depends upon resident neural progenitors, which in zebrafish persist throughout the central nervous system as radial glia. However the molecular mechanisms regulating spinal cord progenitors remain uncharacterized. Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is necessary for the regenerative response of multiple tissues in zebrafish as well as other vertebrates, but it is not known whether the pathway has a role in spinal cord regeneration. Here we show that spinal radial glia exhibit Wnt/ß-catenin activity as they undergo neurogenesis following transection. We then use Cre-mediated lineage tracing to label the progeny of radial glia and show that Wnt/ß-catenin signaling is required for progenitors to differentiate into neurons. Finally, we show that axonal regrowth after injury also requires Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, suggesting coordinated roles for the pathway in functional recovery. Our data thus establish Wnt/ß-catenin pathway activation as a necessary step in spinal cord regeneration
Investigation on Al2O3-Reinforced Zinc-Aluminum Matrix Composites

AbstractComposite materials obtained by adding particles to the metallic matrix (MMCs) have made remarkable progress in its development and applications in automotive and aerospace industries in recent decades. Among them the most current application is MMCs with zinc and aluminum matrix. The present work is focused on the study of the effect of the directional heat extraction on the alumina distribution inside the zinc-aluminum matrix and on the columnar – to – equiaxed (CET) phenomenon in samples directionally solidified. The ZA-27 alloy was reinforced with ceramic-particulates of alumina (Al2O3) and then vertically directionally solidified. The following parameters were measured: cooling rates, temperature gradients, interphase velocities. And the influence of heat transfer on the solidification microstructure of the MMCs was analyzed. Experimental results include transient metal/mould heat transfer coefficients, secondary dendrite arm spacings and particle distribution as a function of solidification conditions imposed by the metal/mould system. The results about the conditions for the CET in MMCs are compared with those obtained in directional solidification of Zn-Al alloys