pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Persistent ocean monitoring with underwater gliders : adapting sampling resolution

Ocean processes are dynamic, complex, and occur on multiple spatial and temporal scales. To obtain a synoptic view of such processes, ocean scientists collect data over long time periods. Historically, measurements were continually provided by fixed sensors, e.g., moorings, or gathered from ships. Recently, an increase in the utilization of autonomous underwater vehicles has enabled a more dynamic data acquisition approach. However, we still do not utilize the full capabilities of these vehicles. Here we present algorithms that produce persistent monitoring missions for underwater vehicles by balancing path following accuracy and sampling resolution for a given region of interest, which addresses a pressing need among ocean scientists to efficiently and effectively collect high-value data.\ud
More specifically, this paper proposes a path planning algorithm and a speed control algorithm for underwater gliders, which together give informative trajectories for the glider to persistently monitor a patch of ocean. We optimize a cost function that blends two competing factors: maximize the information value along the path, while minimizing deviation from the planned path due to ocean currents. Speed is controlled along the planned path by adjusting the pitch angle of the underwater glider, so that higher resolution samples are collected in areas of higher information value. The resulting paths are closed circuits that can be repeatedly traversed to collect long-term ocean data in dynamic environments. The algorithms were tested during sea trials on an underwater glider operating off the coast of southern California, as well as in Monterey Bay, California. The experimental results show significant improvements in data resolution and path reliability compared to previously executed sampling paths used in the respective regions
Controlling congestion on complex networks : fairness, efficiency and network structure.

We consider two elementary (max-flow and uniform-flow) and two realistic (max-min fairness and proportional fairness) congestion control schemes, and analyse how the algorithms and network structure affect throughput, the fairness of flow allocation, and the location of bottleneck edges. The more realistic proportional fairness and max-min fairness algorithms have similar throughput, but path flow allocations are more unequal in scale-free than in random regular networks. Scale-free networks have lower throughput than their random regular counterparts in the uniform-flow algorithm, which is favoured in the complex networks literature. We show, however, that this relation is reversed on all other congestion control algorithms for a region of the parameter space given by the degree exponent γ and average degree 〈k〉. Moreover, the uniform-flow algorithm severely underestimates the network throughput of congested networks, and a rich phenomenology of path flow allocations is only present in the more realistic α-fair family of algorithms. Finally, we show that the number of paths passing through an edge characterises the location of a wide range of bottleneck edges in these algorithms. Such identification of bottlenecks could provide a bridge between the two fields of complex networks and congestion control
Stability in a Cournot duopoly under asymmetric unionism

We analyse the stability issue in a Cournot duopoly with heterogeneous players. We show that labour market institutions matter for the stability of the unique interior Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Interestingly, the role played by the existence of firm-specific unions on stability, when the degree of unionism is asymmetric between the two firms, is at all different depending on whether the unionised firm has bounded rational or naive expectations. Indeed, a shift in the union’s preference from employment towards wages acts as an economic (de)stabiliser when workers are paid with the (competitive) unionised wage by the bounded rational firm and with the (unionised) competitive wage by the naïve firm.
Integration of novel SSR and gene-based SNP marker loci\ud
in the chickpea genetic map and establishment of new anchor\ud
points with Medicago truncatula genome

This study presents the development and mapping\ud
of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide\ud
polymorphism (SNP) markers in chickpea. The mapping\ud
population is based on an inter-speciWc cross between\ud
domesticated and non-domesticated genotypes of chickpea\ud
(Cicer arietinum ICC 4958 £ C. reticulatum PI 489777).\ud
This same population has been the focus of previous studies,\ud
permitting integration of new and legacy genetic markers\ud
into a single genetic map. We report a set of 311 novel\ud
SSR markers (designated ICCM—ICRISAT chickpea\ud
microsatellite), obtained from an SSR-enriched genomic\ud
library of ICC 4958. Screening of these SSR markers on a\ud
diverse panel of 48 chickpea accessions provided 147 polymorphic\ud
markers with 2–21 alleles and polymorphic information\ud
content value 0.04–0.92. Fifty-two of these markers\ud
were polymorphic between parental genotypes of the interspeciWc\ud
population. We also analyzed 233 previously published\ud
(H-series) SSR markers that provided another set of\ud
52 polymorphic markers. An additional 71 gene-based SNP\ud
markers were developed from transcript sequences that arehighly conserved between chickpea and its near relative\ud
Medicago truncatula. By using these three approaches, 175\ud
new marker loci along with 407 previously reported marker\ud
loci were integrated to yield an improved genetic map of\ud
chickpea. The integrated map contains 521 loci organized\ud
into eight linkage groups that span 2,602 cM, with an average\ud
inter-marker distance of 4.99 cM. Gene-based markers\ud
provide anchor points for comparing the genomes of Medicago\ud
and chickpea, and reveal extended synteny between\ud
these two species. The combined set of genetic markers and\ud
their integration into an improved genetic map should facilitate\ud
chickpea genetics and breeding, as well as translational\ud
studies between chickpea and Medicag
The effects of improving sleep on mental health (OASIS): a randomised controlled trial with mediation analysis

Background: Sleep difficulties might be a contributory causal factor in the occurrence of mental health problems. If this is true, improving sleep should benefit psychological health. We aimed to determine whether treating insomnia leads to a reduction in paranoia and hallucinations. Methods: We did this single-blind, randomised controlled trial (OASIS) at 26 UK universities. University students with insomnia were randomly assigned (1:1) with simple randomisation to receive digital cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia or usual care, and the research team were masked to the treatment. Online assessments took place at weeks 0, 3, 10 (end of therapy), and 22. The primary outcome measures were for insomnia, paranoia, and hallucinatory experiences. We did intention-to-treat analyses. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN61272251. Findings: Between March 5, 2015, and Feb 17, 2016, we randomly assigned 3755 participants to receive digital CBT for insomnia (n=1891) or usual practice (n=1864). Compared with usual practice, the sleep intervention at 10 weeks reduced insomnia (adjusted difference 4·78, 95% CI 4·29 to 5·26, Cohen's d=1·11; p<0·0001), paranoia (−2·22, −2·98 to −1·45, Cohen's d=0·19; p<0·0001), and hallucinations (−1·58, −1·98 to −1·18, Cohen's d=0·24; p<0·0001). Insomnia was a mediator of change in paranoia and hallucinations. No adverse events were reported. Interpretation: To our knowledge, this is the largest randomised controlled trial of a psychological intervention for a mental health problem. It provides strong evidence that insomnia is a causal factor in the occurrence of psychotic experiences and other mental health problems. Whether the results generalise beyond a student population requires testing. The treatment of disrupted sleep might require a higher priority in mental health provision. Funding: Wellcome Trust
At home on the road? Can drivers\u27 relationships with their cars be associated with territoriality?

The current research explores the relationship between people and their cars within the framework of Altman\u27s theory of human territoriality. It further develops the research of Sandqvist by examining the descriptions given by people with differing ownership and uses of their cars and exploring the congruence between these and the characteristics used to describe human territories. Thirteen focus groups were held with young drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 years, drivers over the age of 25 who are parents of pre-license age children, drivers over the age of 25 who do not regularly transport children, and drivers of work vehicles. Analyses of discussions revealed that drivers&rsquo; descriptions of the relationship with their car could be matched with Brown and Altman\u27s descriptions of territory types. However, variations existed both between and within individuals as to the application of the labels &lsquo;primary&rsquo;, &lsquo;secondary&rsquo; and &lsquo;public&rsquo; territory to the car. Implications for the understanding of road user behaviour and the further development of theory on the car as a place or an object in terms of territoriality are discussed.<br /><br /><br /
Strychnine-8-ammonio-2-naphthalenesulfonate-water (1/1/3.5):  The first structure of a strychnine or brucine compound with a zwitterionic species

The crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct hydrate of strychnine with 1,7-Cleve's acid (8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid), namely strychnine-8-ammonio-2-naphthalenesulfonate-water (1/1/3.5) has been determined and provides a unique example of a neutral association involving strychnine and an achiral zwitterionic acid species, previously unobserved in the structures of either strychnine or brucine addition compounds. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, with Z=4 in a cell with dimensions a=10.4484(8), b=30.850(3), c=9.4998(11) Ů Hydrogen bonding involving all available proton-donor and acceptor sites on all species gives rise to a three-dimensional framework polymer structure. The crystallographic literature for strychnine and brucine and their compounds is also reviewed.Full Tex
Required hours of practice for learner drivers: A comparison between two Australian jurisdictions

Problem: This study considers whether requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours while on a learner license affects the amount of hours of supervised practice that they undertake. It compares the amount of practice that learners in Queensland and New South Wales report undertaking. At the time the study was conducted, learner drivers in New South Wales were required to complete 50 hours of supervised practice while those from Queensland were not. Method: Participants were approached outside driver licensing centers after they had just completed their practical driving test to obtain their provisional (intermediate) license. Those agreeing to participate were interviewed over the phone later and asked a range of questions to obtain information including socio-demographic details and amount of supervised practice completed. Results: There was a significant difference in the amount of practice that learners reported undertaking. Participants from New South Wales reported completing a significantly greater amount of practice (M=73.3 hours, sd=29.12 hours) on their learner license than those from Queensland (M=64.1 hours, sd=51.05 hours). However, the distribution of hours of practice among the Queensland participants was bimodal in nature. Participants from Queensland reported either completing much less or much more practice than the New South Wales average. Summary: While it appears that the requirement that learner drivers complete a set number of hours may increase the average amount of hours of practice obtained, it may also serve to discourage drivers from obtaining additional practice, over and above the required hours. Impact on Industry: The results of this study suggest that the implications of requiring learner drivers to complete a set number of hours of supervised practice are complex. In some cases, policy makers may inadvertently limit the amount of hours learners obtain to the mandated amount rather than encouraging them to obtain as much practice as possible.Full Tex
Enzyme characteristics of pathogen-specific trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases

Owing to the key role of trehalose in pathogenic organisms, there has recently been growing interest in trehalose metabolism for therapeutic purposes. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is a pivotal enzyme in the most prominent biosynthesis pathway (OtsAB). Here, we compare the enzyme characteristics of recombinant TPPs from five important nematode and bacterial pathogens, including three novel members of this protein family. Analysis of the kinetics of trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolysis reveals that all five enzymes display a burst-like kinetic behaviour which is characterised by a decrease of the enzymatic rate after the pre-steady state. The observed super-stoichiometric burst amplitudes can be explained by multiple global conformational changes in members of this enzyme family during substrate processing. In the search for specific TPP inhibitors, the trapping of the complex conformational transitions in TPPs during the catalytic cycle may present a worthwhile strategy to explore.Griffith Sciences, Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryFull Tex
Search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the qq¯(′)bb¯ final state in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the final state is described. The search uses of proton–proton collision data at collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The data are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations, with the largest excess found at a resonance mass of 3.0 TeV with a local (global) significance of 3.3 (2.1) σ. The results are presented in terms of constraints on a simplified model with a heavy vector triplet. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying to a W (Z) boson and a Higgs boson, itself decaying to , in the mass range between 1.1 and 3.8 TeV at 95% confidence level; the limits range between 83 and 1.6 fb (77 and 1.1 fb) at 95% confidence level.OIT -Ontario Innovation Trust(IN2P3-CNRS)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Search for new phenomena with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum using large-radius jets and flavour-tagging at ATLAS in 13 TeV pp collisions

A search is presented for particles that decay producing a large jet multiplicity and invisible particles. The event selection applies a veto on the presence of isolated electrons or muons and additional requirements on the number of b-tagged jets and the scalar sum of masses of large-radius jets. Having explored the full ATLAS 2015-2016 dataset of LHC proton-proton collisions at s√=13 TeV, which corresponds to 36.1 fb−1 of integrated luminosity, no evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified models inspired by R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating supersymmetry, where gluinos are pair-produced. More generic models within the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric Standard Model are also considered
The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results

The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. Since 2016, the cohort is being expanded by persons aged 40 years and over. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1500 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods
TGFβR signalling controls CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cell development in the intestine

CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) are unique to the intestine, but the factors governing their differentiation are unclear. Here we show that transforming growth factor receptor 1 (TGFβR1) has an indispensable, cell intrinsic role in the development of these cells. Deletion of Tgfbr1 results in markedly fewer intestinal CD103+CD11b+ DCs and a reciprocal increase in the CD103-CD11b+ dendritic cell subset. Transcriptional profiling identifies markers that define the CD103+CD11b+ DC lineage, including CD101, TREM1 and Siglec-F, and shows that the absence of CD103+CD11b+ DCs in CD11c-Cre.Tgfbr1fl/fl mice reflects defective differentiation from CD103-CD11b+ intermediaries, rather than an isolated loss of CD103 expression. The defect in CD103+CD11b+ DCs is accompanied by reduced generation of antigen-specific, inducible FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo, and by reduced numbers of endogenous Th17 cells in the intestinal mucosa. Thus, TGFβR1-mediated signalling may explain the tissue-specific development of these unique DCs
Holographic entanglement entropy and gravitational anomalies.

We study entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories with a gravitational anomaly. In theories with gravity duals, this anomaly is holographically represented by a gravitational Chern-Simons term in the bulk action. We show that the anomaly broadens the Ryu-Takayanagi minimal worldline into a ribbon, and that the anomalous contribution to the CFT entanglement entropy is given by the twist in this ribbon. The entanglement functional may also be interpreted as the worldline action for a spinning particle — that is, an anyon — in three-dimensional curved spacetime. We demonstrate that the minimization of this action results in the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations of motion for a spinning particle in three dimensions. We work out several simple examples and demonstrate agreement with CFT calculations
GSH 91.5+2-114: A large H i shell in the outer part of the Galaxy

GSH 91.5 + 2 − 114 is a large H i shell located in the outer Galaxy at a kinematic distance of about 15 kpc. It was first identified in the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) by Pineault et al. (2002, ASP Conf. Ser., 276, 332) as being possibly associated with objects possessing infrared colors, which indicates strong stellar winds. The H i shell has no obvious continuum counterpart in the CGPS radio images at 408 and 1420 MHz or in the IRAS images. We found no evidence for early-type massive stars, most likely as a result of the large extinction that is expected for this large distance. An analysis of the energetics and of the main physical parameters of the H i shell shows that this shell is likely the result of the combined action of the stellar winds and supernova explosions of many stars. We investigate whether a number of slightly extended regions characterized by a thermal radio continuum and located near the periphery of the H i shell could be the result of star formation triggered by the expanding shell.Fil: Cichowolski, Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Pineault, S.. Université Laval; Canadá. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia; Argentin
Measurement of the CKM angle gamma from a combination of B->Dh analyses

A combination of three LHCb measurements of the CKM angle gamma is presented. The decays B->DK and B->Dpi are used, where D denotes an admixture of D0 and D0-bar mesons, decaying into K+K-, pi+pi-, K+-pi-+, K+-pi-+pi+-pi-+, KSpi+pi-, or KSK+K- final states. All measurements use a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. Combining results from B->DK decays alone a best-fit value of gamma = 72.0 deg is found, and confidence intervals are set gamma in [56.4,86.7] deg at 68% CL, gamma in [42.6,99.6] deg at 95% CL. The best-fit value of gamma found from a combination of results from B->Dpi decays alone, is gamma = 18.9 deg, and the confidence intervals gamma in [7.4,99.2] deg or [167.9,176.4] deg at 68% CL, are set, without constraint at 95% CL. The combination of results from B->DK and B->Dpi decays gives a best-fit value of gamma = 72.6 deg and the confidence intervals gamma in [55.4,82.3] deg at 68% CL, gamma in [40.2,92.7] deg at 95% CL are set. All values are expressed modulo 180 deg, and are obtained taking into account the effect of D0-D0bar mixing
Observation of the full 12-hour-long transit of the exoplanet HD80606b.
  Warm-Spitzer photometry and SOPHIE spectroscopy

We present new observations of a transit of the 111-day-period exoplanet
HD80606b. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope and its IRAC camera on the
post-cryogenic mission, we performed a 19-hour-long photometric observation of
HD80606 that covers the full transit of 13-14 January 2010. We complement this
photometric data by new spectroscopic observations that we simultaneously
performed with SOPHIE at Haute-Provence Observatory. This provides radial
velocity measurements of the first half of the transit that was previously
uncovered with spectroscopy. This new data set allows the parameters of this
singular planetary system to be significantly refined. We obtained a
planet-to-star radius ratio R_p/R_* = 0.1001 +/- 0.0006 that is slightly lower
than the one measured from previous ground observations. We detected a feature
in the Spitzer light curve that could be due to a stellar spot. We also found a
transit timing about 20 minutes earlier than the ephemeris prediction; this
could be caused by actual TTVs due to an additional body in the system or by
underestimated systematic uncertainties. The sky-projected angle between the
spin-axis of HD80606 and the normal to the planetary orbital plane is found to
be lambda = 42 +/- 8 degrees thanks to the fit of the Rossiter-McLaughlin
anomaly. This allows scenarios with aligned spin-orbit to be definitively
rejected. Over the twenty planetary systems with measured spin-orbit angles, a
few of them are misaligned; this is probably the signature of two different
evolution scenarios for misaligned and aligned systems, depending if they
experienced or not gravitational interaction with a third body. As in the case
of HD80606b, most of the planetary systems including a massive planet are
tilted; this could be the signature of a separate evolution scenario for
massive planets in comparison with Jupiter-mass planets.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&