pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for new resonances decaying via WZ to leptons in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search is performed in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states with electrons, muons, and neutrinos. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb[superscript −1]. No significant excess is observed above the expected standard model background. Upper bounds at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of a W′ boson as predicted by an extended gauge model, and on the W′WZ coupling. The expected and observed mass limits for a W′ boson, as predicted by this model, are 1.55 and 1.47 TeV, respectively. Stringent limits are also set in the context of low-scale technicolor models under a range of assumptions for the model parameters.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Search for a massive resonance decaying into a Higgs boson and a W or Z boson in hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s√=8s=8 TeV

A search for a massive resonance decaying into a standard-model-like Higgs boson (H) and a W or Z boson is reported. The analysis is performed on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1−1, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Signal events, in which the decay products of Higgs, W, or Z bosons at high Lorentz boost are contained within single reconstructed jets, are identified using jet substructure techniques, including the tagging of b hadrons. This is the first search for heavy resonances decaying into HW or HZ resulting in an all-jet final state, as well as the first application of jet substructure techniques to identify H → WW∗∗ → 4q decays at high Lorentz boost. No significant signal is observed and limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production cross sections of W′ and Z′ in a model with mass-degenerate charged and neutral spin-1 resonances. Resonance masses are excluded for W′ in the interval [1.0, 1.6] TeV, for Z′′ in the intervals [1.0, 1.1] and [1.3, 1.5] TeV, and for mass-degenerate W′ and Z′ in the interval [1.0, 1.7] TeV
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh  in pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A , decaying into a Z  boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h , with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb¯¹. Decays of CP-even h  bosons to ττ  or bb  pairs with the Z  boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h→bb  decays with the Z  boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A  boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for σ(gg→A)×BR(A→Zh)×BR(h→ff ¯ )  are 0.098--0.013 pb for f=τ  and 0.57-0.014 pb for f=b  in a range of mA =  220-1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs doublet models
The Barrett's Gland in Phenotype Space.

Barrett's esophagus is characterized by the erosive replacement of esophageal squamous epithelium by a range of metaplastic glandular phenotypes. These glandular phenotypes likely change over time, and their distribution varies along the Barrett's segment. Although much recent work has addressed Barrett's esophagus from the genomic viewpoint-its genotype space-the fact that the phenotype of Barrett's esophagus is nonstatic points to conversion between phenotypes and suggests that Barrett's esophagus also exists in phenotype space. Here we explore this latter concept, investigating the scope of glandular phenotypes in Barrett's esophagus and how they exist in physical and temporal space as well as their evolution and their life history. We conclude that individual Barrett's glands are clonal units; because of this important fact, we propose that it is the Barrett's gland that is the unit of selection in phenotypic and indeed neoplastic progression. Transition between metaplastic phenotypes may be governed by neutral drift akin to niche turnover in normal and dysplastic niches. In consequence, the phenotype of Barrett's glands assumes considerable importance, and we make a strong plea for the integration of the Barrett's gland in both genotype and phenotype space in future work
In-plane Tire Deformation Measurement Using a Multi-Laser Sensor System

The interactions between tires and roads are basic mechanisms that alter the dynamic states of vehicles. A fundamental understanding of tire-road interactions is clearly demanded in tire design to achieve performance improvements. The emergence of various tire sensors provides an opportunity to make accurate measurement of the physical quantities that are involved in tire-road interactions. 
This thesis aims to measure and analyze the in-plane deformation of rolling tires through its direct correlations with the steady-state in-plane tire forces. To date, there is no existing tire sensor that can measure both the tread and carcass deformations. A multi-laser sensor system has therefor been developed in the thesis to measure the in-plane deformation of different tire parts, including the tread, carcass, and inner liner.
 Measurements on tread deformation were conducted on both passenger car and truck tires. A non-uniform tread deformation was observed in the measurement and was interpreted as follows: the asymmetric deformation in the longitudinal direction is a direct indicator of the rolling resistance and the non-uniform deformation in the lateral direction reflects the contribution of separate parts to the rolling resistance. The evolution and variation of tread deformations were investigated with different tire types, operational conditions, and tire states. The deformation of the carcass was first analyzed with the flexible ring tire model and then validated through tire sensor measurements. Coupled deformations of the tire carcass in the tangential and radial directions were observed. Indicators based on measured radial carcass deformations are proposed for the estimation of the in-plane tire forces. In addition, the partial inner contours were also measured for truck tires under static conditions for various inflation pressures and loads. The measurements can help tire designers to obtain optimum inner tire contours.
 In summary, this thesis shows that the tire sensor can act as a powerful tool for tire research and development. The relations between the in-plane deformation and in-plane tire forces that have been obtained are useful in gaining an understanding of the physical mechanism of observed phenomena, e.g., the rolling resistance, and in the design of basic estimation algorithms, e.g., for the estimation of in-plane tire forces, which are important factors in the development of green and intelligent tires
K− absorption on two nucleons and ppK− bound state search in the Σ0p final state

AbstractWe report the measurement of K− absorption processes in the Σ0p final state and the first exclusive measurement of the two nucleon absorption (2NA) with the KLOE detector. The 2NA process without further interactions is found to be 9% of the sum of all other contributing processes, including absorption on three and more nucleons or 2NA followed by final state interactions with the residual nucleons. We also determine the possible contribution of the ppK− bound state to the Σ0p final state. The yield of ppK−/Kstop− is found to be (0.044±0.009stat−0.005+0.004syst)⋅10−2 but its statistical significance based on an F-test is only 1σ
Challenges in Food Safety as Part of Food Security: Lessons Learnt on Food Safety in a Globalized World

AbstractFood safety should accomplish food and nutrition security. A key challenge to scale up food safety globally is to better leverage existing capacity and research working towards evidence-based decisions. At Ghent University since 2009 an annual 3-months international Intensive Training Program on Food Safety, Quality Assurance and Risk Analysis has been organized (www.itpfoodsafety.UGent.be). The trainees were asked to express their opinion on food safety concerns in their country and to select a case study to work on throughout the course. Main food safety issues had to do with bacterial pathogens, pesticide residues and mycotoxins which were challenged by lack of food safety knowledge and appropriate legislation and enforcement by government. They welcomed education and training on these topics in particular to elaborate on control measures including good hygienic practices, implementation of certified food safety management systems and setting of appropriate criteria. A number of topics are highlighted here in particular as these topics were shown to have a common ground of interest by several participants in several countries and throughout the years. These topics include among others safety of street foods, safe milk and cheese production, and risk assessment to control Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli in meat (and other foods). Although some recurring food safety issues could be identified, other topics are of particular concern in selected countries because of specific cultural appropriate eating habits. The world is changing fast. Problems change and the information stream is very intense. Leaders in food security should be aware about food safety as well, and will have to develop an attitude of continuous learning, critical thinking and be given the right tools(“know how”) to develop local solutions to address the emerging societal and environmental challenges to provide sufficient, safe, healthy, nutritious and sustainable produced food to the world's population
Wnt Ligands Secreted by Subepithelial Mesenchymal Cells Are Essential for the Survival of Intestinal Stem Cells and Gut Homeostasis

SummaryTargeting of Wnt signaling represents a promising anti-cancer therapy. However, the consequences of systemically attenuating the Wnt pathway in an adult organism are unknown. Here, we globally prevent Wnt secretion by genetically ablating Wntless. We find that preventing Wnt signaling in the entire body causes mortality due to impaired intestinal homeostasis. This is caused by the loss of intestinal stem cells. Reconstitution of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via delivery of external Wnt ligands prolongs the survival of intestinal stem cells and reveals the essential role of extra-epithelial Wnt ligands for the renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Wnt2b is a key extra-epithelial Wnt ligand capable of promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and intestinal homeostasis. Wnt2b is secreted by subepithelial mesenchymal cells that co-express either Gli1 or Acta2. Subepithelial mesenchymal cells expressing high levels of Wnt2b are predominantly Gli1 positive
Measurement of the ratio B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq) in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractThe ratio of the top-quark branching fractions R=B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq), where the denominator includes the sum over all down-type quarks (q=b,s,d), is measured in the tt¯ dilepton final state with proton–proton collision data at s=8 TeV from an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector. In order to quantify the purity of the signal sample, the cross section is measured by fitting the observed jet multiplicity, thereby constraining the signal and background contributions. By counting the number of b jets per event, an unconstrained value of R=1.014±0.003(stat.)±0.032(syst.) is measured, in a good agreement with current precision measurements in electroweak and flavour sectors. A lower limit R>0.955 at the 95% confidence level is obtained after requiring R≤1, and a lower limit on the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element |Vtb|>0.975 is set at 95% confidence level. The result is combined with a previous CMS measurement of the t-channel single-top-quark cross section to determine the top-quark total decay width, Γt=1.36±0.02(stat.)−0.11+0.14(syst.) GeV
Deeply virtual Compton scattering and its beam charge asymmetry in e±p collisions at HERA

AbstractA measurement of elastic deeply virtual Compton scattering γ∗p→γp using e+p and e−p collision data recorded with the H1 detector at HERA is presented. The analysed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 306 pb−1, almost equally shared between both beam charges. The cross section is measured as a function of the virtuality Q2 of the exchanged photon and the centre-of-mass energy W of the γ∗p system in the kinematic domain 6.5<Q2<80 GeV2, 30<W<140 GeV and |t|<1 GeV2, where t denotes the squared momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The cross section is determined differentially in t for different Q2 and W values and exponential t-slope parameters are derived. Using e+p and e−p data samples, a beam charge asymmetry is extracted for the first time in the low Bjorken x kinematic domain. The observed asymmetry is attributed to the interference between Bethe–Heitler and deeply virtual Compton scattering processes. Experimental results are discussed in the context of two different models, one based on generalised parton distributions and one based on the dipole approach
Diphoton decay for a 750 GeV scalar boson in a U(1)X model

AbstractIn the context of a nonuniversal and anomaly free U(1)X extension of the standard model, we examine the decay of a 750 GeV scalar singlet state, ξχ, as a possible explanation of the observed diphoton excess announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at CERN-LHC collider. The one-loop decay to photons is allowed through three heavy singlet quarks and one charged Higgs boson into the loop. We obtain, for different width approximations and for masses of the exotic singlet quarks in the region [900,3000] GeV, a production cross section σ(pp→ξχ→γγ) compatible with ATLAS and CMS collaborations data. We also include another scalar singlet, σ, as a dark matter candidate that may couple with the 750 GeV scalar at tree level with production cross sections in agreement with ATLAS and CMS
Single particle spectra based on modern effective interactions

AbstractThe self-consistent Green's function method is applied to 16O using a G-matrix and VUCOM as effective interactions, both derived from the Argonne v18 potential. The present calculations are performed in a larger model space than previously possible. The experimental single particle spectra obtained with the G-matrix are essentially independent of the oscillator length of the basis. The results shows that VUCOM better reproduces spin–orbit splittings but tends to overestimate the gap at the Fermi energy
Decay of the high-spin isomer in 160Re: Changing single-particle structure beyond the proton drip line

AbstractA new high-spin isomeric state (t1/2=2.8±0.1 μs) in 160Re has been identified. This high-spin isomer is unique in that it only decays by γ-decay and not by proton or α-particle emission as is the case in every other proton emitter between Z=64 and 80. Shell model calculations indicate how the convergence of the h9/2 and f7/2 neutron levels in this region could open up a γ-decay path from the high-spin isomer to the low-spin ground state of 160Re, providing a natural explanation for this anomalous absence of charged-particle emission. The consequences of these observations for future searches for proton emission from even more exotic nuclei and in-beam spectroscopic studies are considered
Progression of clinical tuberculosis is associated with a Th2 immune response signature in combination with elevated levels of SOCS3

AbstractIn this study, we explored the local cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with active pulmonary or pleural tuberculosis (TB) using multiplex protein analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid samples. Despite increased pro-inflammation compared to the uninfected controls; there was no up-regulation of IFN-γ or the T cell chemoattractant CCL5 in the lung of patients with pulmonary TB. Instead, elevated levels of IL-4 and CCL4 were associated with high mycobacteria-specific IgG titres as well as SOCS3 (suppressors of cytokine signaling) mRNA and progression of moderate-to-severe disease. Contrary, IL-4, CCL4 and SOCS3 remained low in patients with extrapulmonary pleural TB, while IFN-γ, CCL5 and SOCS1 were up-regulated. Both SOCS molecules were induced in human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. The Th2 immune response signature found in patients with progressive pulmonary TB could result from inappropriate cytokine/chemokine responses and excessive SOCS3 expression that may represent potential targets for clinical TB management
Bronchoalveolar lavage causes decrease in PaO2, increase in (A-α) gradient value and bronchoconstriction in asthmatics

AbstractThe aims of this study were to (1) record the changes of (arterial oxygen partial pressure) PaO2, (arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure) PaCO2, (percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen in arterial blood) SaO2 and alveolar-arterial (A-α) oxygen gradiant resulting from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in asthmatic and normal subjects; (2) measure changes in forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), vital capacity forced (FVC) associated with BAL; and (3) assess possible predictive factors for the degree of hypoxaemia and impairment of spirometry resulting from BAL.Bronchoscopy and BAL (150 ml) were performed in 24 asthmatics and 15 healthy subjects. Serial arterial blood samples (radial artery) were obtained in all subjects: T1 and before T2 after local anaesthesia; T3 at end of bronchoscopy; T4 after BAL and 5 min, 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, 8 h and 24 h (T5–T10) after the procedure, FEV1 and FVC were measured immediately before and 5 min afer bronchoscopy.Baseline PaO2 was lower in asthmatics (10·2 ± 0· kPa) than in healthy subjects (10·8 ± 0·8). Both groups showed a significant decrease in PaO2, and a significant widening in (A-a) oxygen tension gradiant at T3–9, with respect to T1 (P<0·05). PaO2 reached a significantly lower value in asthmatics (7·1 ± 0·6 kPa) than in HS (7·7 ± 0·5; P<0·05). In asthmatics, FEV1, FVC and the ratio FEV1FVC decreased significantly after BAL (P<0·001). In healthy subjects, FEV1 and FVC decreased significantly (P<0·001), whereas FEV1FVC did not. The fall in FEV1 after BAL was significantly greater in asthmatics (32·4 ± 10·0%) than in healthy subjects (17·7 ± 4·6; P<0·001). Severity of asthma, basline FEV1 or initial PaO2 did not predict the degree of hypoxaemia or the fall of FEV1.It is concluded that BAL causes more severe hypoxaemia and a greater decrease in FEV1 in asthmatics compared to healthy subjects, strongly supporting the recommendation of special caution and careful monitoring when BAL is undertaken in asthmatics
Three-loop universal anomalous dimension of the Wilson operators in N=4 SUSY Yang–Mills model

AbstractWe present results for the three-loop universal anomalous dimension γuni(j) of Wilson twist-2 operators in the N=4 Supersymmetric Yang–Mills model. These expressions are obtained by extracting the most complicated contributions from the three loop non-singlet anomalous dimensions in QCD which were calculated recently. Their singularities at j=1 coincide with the predictions obtained from the BFKL equation for N=4 SYM in the next-to-leading order. The asymptotics of γuni(j) at large j is in an agreement with the expectations based on an interpolation between week and strong coupling regimes in the framework of the AdS/CFT correspondence
Attention ‘capture’ by the flash-lag flash

AbstractWe report data from eight participants who made alignment judgements between a moving object and a stationary, continuously visible ‘landmark’. A reversing object had to overshoot the landmark by a significant amount in order to appear to reverse aligned with it. In addition, an adjacent flash irrelevant to the judgment task reliably increased this illusory ‘foreshortening’. This and other results are most simply explained by a model in which the flash causes attentional capture, complemented by processes of temporal integration, or backward inhibition, and object representation. A flash used to probe the perception of a moving object’s position disrupts that very perception
Method for determination of |Ue3| in neutrino oscillation appearance experiments

AbstractWe point out that determination of the MNS matrix element |Ue3|=s13 in long-baseline νμ→νe neutrino oscillation experiments suffers from large intrinsic uncertainty due to the unknown CP violating phase δ and sign of Δm213. We propose a new strategy for accurate determination of θ13; tune the beam energy at the oscillation maximum and do the measurement both in neutrino and antineutrino channels. We show that it automatically resolves the problem of parameter ambiguities which involves δ, θ13, and the sign of Δm213
D prostanoid receptor 2 (chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) protein expression in asthmatic patients and its effects on bronchial epithelial cells

BackgroundThe D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2; also known as chemoattractant receptor–homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells) is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but its expression within bronchial biopsy specimens is unknown.ObjectivesWe sought to investigate the bronchial submucosal DP2 expression in asthmatic patients and healthy control subjects and to explore its functional role in epithelial cells.MethodsDP2 protein expression was assessed in bronchial biopsy specimens from asthmatic patients (n = 22) and healthy control subjects (n = 10) by using immunohistochemistry and in primary epithelial cells by using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR. The effects of the selective DP2 agonist 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 on epithelial cell migration and differentiation were determined.ResultsNumbers of submucosal DP2+ cells were increased in asthmatic patients compared with those in healthy control subjects (mean [SEM]: 78 [5] vs 22 [3]/mm2 submucosa, P < .001). The bronchial epithelium expressed DP2, but its expression was decreased in asthmatic patients compared with that seen in healthy control subjects (mean [SEM]: 21 [3] vs 72 [11]/10 mm2 epithelial area, P = .001), with similar differences observed in vitro by primary epithelial cells. Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium was increased in asthmatic patients and related to decreased DP2 expression (rs = 0.69, P < .001). 13, 14-Dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 promoted epithelial cell migration and at air-liquid interface cultures increased the number of MUC5AC+ and involucrin-positive cells, which were blocked with the DP2-selective antagonist AZD6430.ConclusionsDP2 is expressed by the bronchial epithelium, and its activation drives epithelial differentiation, suggesting that in addition to its well-characterized role in inflammatory cell migration, DP2 might contribute to airway remodeling in asthmatic patients
Testing the nature of the DsJ∗(2317)+ and DsJ(2463)+ states using radiative transitions

AbstractThe Babar and CLEO Collaborations have recently observed states decaying to Ds+π0 and Ds∗+π0, respectively, and suggest the possible explanation that they are the missing P-wave cs̄ states with JP=0+ and 1+. In this Letter we compare the properties of the DsJ∗(2317)+ and DsJ(2463)+ states to those expected of the cs̄ Ds0∗ and Ds1 states. We expect the Ds0∗ and Ds1 with the reported masses to be extremely narrow, Γ∼O(10keV), with large branching ratios to D∗sγ for the Ds0∗ and to D∗sγ and Dsγ for the Ds1. Crucial to this interpretation of the Babar and CLEO observations is the measurement of the radiative transitions. We note that it may be possible to observe the Ds1(2536) in radiative transitions to the Ds∗