pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cosmic ray acceleration and Balmer emission from RCW 86 (G315.4 – 2.3)

International audienceContext. Observation of Balmer lines from the region around the forward          shock of supernova remnants (SNRs) may provide valuable information on the shock dynamics          and the efficiency of particle acceleration at the shock.Aims. We calculated the Balmer line emission and the shape of the broad          Balmer line for parameter values suitable for SNR RCW 86 (G315.4 – 2.3) as a function of          the cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration efficiency and of the level of thermal equilibration          between electrons and protons behind the shock. This calculation aims at using the width          of the broad Balmer-line emission to infer the CR acceleration efficiency in this          remnant.Methods. We used the recently developed non linear theory of diffusive          shock-acceleration in the presence of neutrals. The semianalytical approach we developed          includes a description of magnetic field amplification as due to resonant streaming          instability, the dynamical reaction of accelerated particles and the turbulent magnetic          field on the shock, and all channels of interaction between neutral hydrogen atoms and          background ions that are relevant for the shock dynamics.Results. We derived the CR acceleration efficiency in the SNR RCW 86          from the Balmer emission. Since our calculation used recent measurements of the shock          proper motion, the results depend on the assumed distance to Earth. For a distance of 2          kpc the measured width of the broad Balmer line is compatible with the absence of CR          acceleration. For a distance of 2.5 kpc, which is a widely used value in current          literature, a CR acceleration efficiency of 5–30% is obtained, depending upon the          electron-ion equilibration and the ionization fraction upstream of the shock. By combining          information on Balmer emission with the measured value of the downstream electron          temperature, we constrain the CR acceleration efficiency to be ~20%
Near-infrared and optical observations of the failed outbursts          of black hole binary XTE J1550−564

International audienceContext. A number of low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) undergo “failed          outbursts” in which, instead of evolving through the canonical states, they remain in a          hard state throughout the outburst. While the sources of X-ray and radio emission in the          hard state are relatively well understood, the origin of the near-infrared (NIR) and          optical emission is more complex though it likely stems from an amalgam of different          emission processes, occurring as it does, at the intersecting wavelengths of those          processes.Aims. We aim to identify the NIR/optical emission region(s) during a          number of failed outbursts of one such LMXB and black hole candidate, XTE J1550−564, in          order to confirm or refute their classification as hard-state, failed outbursts.Methods. We present unique NIR/optical images and spectra, obtained with          the ESO–New Technology Telescope, during the failed outbursts of 2001 and 2000. We compare          the NIR/optical photometric, timing, and spectral properties with those expected for the          different emission mechanisms in the various LMXB states.Results. The NIR/optical data are consistent with having come from          reprocessing of X-rays in the accretion disk, with no evidence of direct thermal emission          from the disk itself. However, the observed variability in high-cadence NIR light curves          suggest that the radio jet extends and contributes to the NIR wavelengths.Conclusions. We find that these failed outbursts did not transition to          an intermediate state but remained in a true, hard state where there was no sign of jet          quenching or deviation from the observed hard state correlations
Measurement of the production cross sections for a Z boson and one or more b jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The production of a Z boson, decaying into two leptons and produced in association with one or more b jets, is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb−1. The Z(ℓℓ) + b-jets cross sections (where ℓℓ = μμ or ee) are measured separately for a Z boson produced with exactly one b jet and with at least two b jets. In addition, a cross section ratio is extracted for a Z boson produced with at least one b jet, relative to a Z boson produced with at least one jet. The measured cross sections are compared to various theoretical predictions, and the data favour the predictions in the five-flavour scheme, where b quarks are assumed massless. The kinematic properties of the reconstructed particles are compared with the predictions from the MadGraph event generator using the pythia parton shower simulation
The U(A)(1) problem on the lattice with Ginsparg-Wilson fermions

We show how it is possible to give a precise and unambiguous implementation of the Witten–Veneziano formula for the η′ mass on the lattice, which looks like the formal continuum one, if the expression of the topological charge density operator, suggested by fermions obeying the Ginsparg–Wilson relation, is employed. By using recent numerical results from simulations with overlap fermions in 2 (abelian Schwinger\ud
model) and 4 (QCD) dimensions, one obtains values for the mass of\ud
the lightest pseudo-scalar flavour-singlet state that agree within errors\ud
with theoretical expectations and experimental data, respectively
Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in tumour tissue of a non-cirrhotic HFE-haemochromatosis patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Co-existence of multiple causes of liver injury increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. HCC usually develops in patients with cirrhosis although it may also occur in individuals with no or mild liver disease, in particular in cases with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here we report the case of a 43year-old man with HFE-haemochromatosis, seronegative for hepatitis B and C infections, who developed HCC in the absence of severe liver damage. Both tumoural and non-tumoural liver DNA extracts were tested by nested-PCR and primers specific for four different HBV genomic regions in order to evaluate the presence of occult HBV infection. Only X gene sequences were detected in tumour (but not in non-tumour) DNA extracts. HBV-Alu PCR showed a HBV integration involving a 5'-deleted X gene with an intact enhancer-II/basal-core promoter region. The viral-host junction sequencing revealed that this integrant was located upstream of the partitioning-defective-6-homolog-gamma gene (PARD6G) and real time-PCR quantification demonstrated that PARD6G was overexpressed in tumour compared to non-tumour liver tissues. In conclusion, the combination of HFE-haemochromatosis and occult HBV infection in this patient might have led to a sequel of cellular events that determined the development of HCC even in the absence of cirrhosis
The effect of levodopa on postural stability evaluated by wearable inertial measurement units for idiopathic and vascular Parkinson’s disease

BACKGROUND:
Postural stability analysis has shown that postural control is impaired in untreated idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), even in the early stages of the disease. Vascular Parkinson's disease (VPD) lacks consensus clinical criteria or diagnostic tests. Moreover, the levodopa effect on postural balance remains undefined for IPD and even less so for VPD.
OBJECTIVE:
To characterize postural stability, using kinematic analysis with wearable inertial measurement units, in IPD and VPD patients without clinical PI, and to subsequently analyze the response to levodopa.
METHODS:
Ten patients with akinetic-rigid IPD and five patients with VPD were included. Clinical and postural stability kinematic analysis was performed before and after levodopa challenge, on different standing tasks: normal stance (NS), Romberg eyes open (REO) and Romberg eyes closed.
RESULTS:
In the "off state", VPD patients had higher mean distances and higher maximal distance of postural sway on NS and REO tasks, respectively. VPD patients maintained a higher range of anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway after levodopa. In the absence of PI and non-significant differences in UPDRS-III, a higher mPIGD score in the VPD patients was mainly due to gait disturbance. Gait disturbance, and not UPDRS-III, influenced the degree of postural sway response to levodopa for VPD patients.
CONCLUSION:
Quantitative postural sway evaluation is useful in the investigation of Parkinsonian syndromes. VPD patients have higher AP postural sway that is correlated with their gait disturbance burden and also not responsive to levodopa. These observations corroborate the interconnection of postural control and locomotor networks
Thermodynamic and structural properties of the high density Gaussian core model

We numerically study thermodynamic and structural properties of the one-component Gaussian core model at very high densities. The solid-fluid phase boundary is carefully determined. We find that the density dependence of both the freezing and melting temperatures obey the asymptotic relation, log Tf, log Tm∝ − ρ2/3, where ρ is the number density, which is consistent with Stillinger\u27s conjecture. Thermodynamic quantities such as the energy and pressure and the structural functions such as the static structure factor are also investigated in the fluid phase for a wide range of temperature above the phase boundary. We compare the numerical results with the prediction of the liquid theory with the random phase approximation (RPA). At high temperatures, the results are in almost perfect agreement with RPA for a wide range of density, as it has already been shown in the previous studies. In the low temperature regime close to the phase boundary line, although RPA fails to describe the structure factors and the radial distribution functions at the length scales of the interparticle distance, it successfully predicts their behaviors at longer length scales. RPA also predicts thermodynamic quantities such as the energy, pressure, and the temperature at which the thermal expansion coefficient becomes negative, almost perfectly. Striking ability of RPA to predict thermodynamic quantities even at high densities and low temperatures is understood in terms of the decoupling of the length scales which dictate thermodynamic quantities from the interparticle distance which dominates the peak structures of the static structure factor due to the softness of the Gaussian core potential
Orbital-free molecular dynamics simulations of melting in Na_8 and Na_20 : Melting in steps

Producción CientíficaThe melting-like transitions of Na_8 and Na_20 are investigated by ab initio constant energy molecular dynamics simulations using a variant of the Car–Parrinello method which employs an explicit electronic kinetic energy functional of the density, thus avoiding the use of one-particle orbitals. Several melting indicators are evaluated in order to determine the nature of the various transitions, and are compared with other simulations. Both Na8 and Na_20 melt over a wide temperature range. For Na_8, a transition is observed to begin at ∼110 K, between a rigid phase and a phase involving isomerizations among the different permutational isomers of the ground state structure. The “liquid” phase is completely established at ∼220 K. For Na_20, two transitions are observed: the first, at ∼110 K, is associated with isomerization transitions among those permutational isomers of the ground state structure which are obtained by interchanging the positions of the surface-like atoms; the second, at ∼160 K, involves a structural transition from the ground state isomer to a new set of isomers with the surface molten. The cluster is completely liquid at ∼220 K
Measurement of the jet radius and transverse momentum dependence of inclusive jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb(-1), ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter system over the pseudorapidity interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT <210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet ¿central-to-peripheral ratio,¿ R-CP. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. R-CP varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC
Exact partition functions of Higgsed 5d TN theories

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.1 (2015): 093 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)We present a general prescription by which we can systematically compute exact partition functions of five-dimensional supersymmetric theories which arise in Higgs branches of the TN theory. The theories may be realised by webs of 5-branes whose dual geometries are non-toric. We have checked our method by calculating the partition functions of the theories realised in various Higgs branches of the T3 theory. A particularly interesting example is the E8 theory which can be obtained by Higgsing the T6 theory. We explicitly compute the partition function of the E8 theory and find agreement with the field theory result as well as enhancement of the global symmetry to E8HH would also like to thank the European COST action “The String Theory
Universe” for a short-term visiting grant. The work of H.H. and G.Z. is supported by the
grant FPA2012-32828 from the MINECO, the REA grant agreement PCIG10-GA-2011-
304023 from the People Programme of FP7 (Marie Curie Action), the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421 and the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme. The work of G.Z. is supported through a grant from “Campus Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC
Project Cost Management With 5D BIM

This paper examines the global issues related to the role of project cost management professionals in the implementation and evolution of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the construction industry. The paper is based on a review of current industry trends and issues with BIM implementation and detailed interviews with quantity surveying firms in Australia. BIM involves more than just 3D modelling and is also commonly defined in further dimensions such as 4D (time), 5D (cost) and even 6D (as-built operation). 4D links information and data in the 3D object model with project programming and scheduling data and facilitates the simulation analysis of construction activities. 5D integrates all of this information with cost data such as quantities, schedules and prices. 6D represents the as-built model that can then be used during the operational stages of the facility. This paper explores the importance for project cost management professionals to be integrally involved across all project phases and to embrace the 5th dimension to become key players in the BIM environment – the ‘5D Project Cost Manager’. The literature review and industry interviews will examine the issues associated with this and will identify leading edge best practices in the field by professional project cost management firms. The paper concludes with the findings that the greatest value with the modern day project cost manager lies in their ability to be 5D literate and to be able to utilise electronic models to provide detailed 5D estimates and living cost plans in real time
Demonstration of surface electron rejection with interleaved germanium detectors for dark matter searches.

The SuperCDMS experiment in the Soudan Underground Laboratory searches for dark matter with a 9-kg array of cryogenic germanium detectors. Symmetric sensors on opposite sides measure both charge and phonons from each particle interaction, providing excellent discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils, and between surface and interior events. Surface event rejection capabilities were tested with two 210 Pb sources producing ∼130 beta decays/hr. In ∼800 live hours, no events leaked into the 8–115 keV signal region, giving upper limit leakage fraction 1.7 × 10−5 at 90% C.L., corresponding to < 0.6 surface event background in the future 200-kg SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment
Gauge and supersymmetry invariance of N=2 boundary Chern–Simons theory.

In this paper, we study the restoration of gauge symmetry and up to half the supersymmetry (N=(2,0) or N=(1,1) in two dimensions) for N=2 non-Abelian Chern–Simons theories in the presence of a boundary. We describe the boundary action which is a supersymmetric WZW model coupled to the bulk Chern–Simons theory. Unlike the N=1 case, higher supersymmetry (N=(2,0)) will endow the group manifold of the WZW model with a complex structure. Therefore, the N=(2,0) WZW model in our paper is constructed via a coset space Gc/G, where G is the same as the gauge group in the Chern–Simons action
Good vibrations by the beach boys : magnitude of substrate vibrations is a reliable indicator of male grey seal size

This work was supported by an equipment loan from the NERC SEIS UK, equipment facility (Loan no. 928) and the Durham Doctoral Studentship.Communication via substrate vibrations can convey information on conspecific presence, individual quality, group cohesion and/or allow for predator avoidance. Although studies have identified that various species use this modality, few studies on mammalian taxa have investigated whether the information contained in substrate vibrations is a reliable indicator of resource-holding potential (RHP). The grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, breeding colony at Donna Nook, U.K., is part of a limited geographical region where the Body Slap (BS) behaviour is performed during male–male conflicts. This behaviour is thought to have a mechanical component. We examined whether the magnitude of the BS substrate vibrations contained reliable information on male mass and size as measures of RHP, and whether reliability varied across environmental conditions. To test this, we deployed seismometers during the breeding season that recorded continuous seismic data over a frequency bandwidth of 0.03–500 Hz. Locations and times of BS events performed by individual males were recorded, matched with the seismic data, and a distance-corrected magnitude was calculated for each event. Our results demonstrate the BS generates a stereotyped seismic signature measurable up to 126.3 m away. We found a positive correlation between the maximum and mean magnitudes of the substrate-borne vibrations and a male's length. Dampness of the sand substrate had no effect on magnitude. Results of this study confirm that the maximum magnitude substrate vibrations generated by the BS behaviour is an indicator of male size and that the substrate-borne vibrations are reliable across varying environmental conditions.PostprintPeer reviewe
Optic Nerve Head Development in Healthy Infants and Children Using Handheld Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Supplemental material is available at www.aaojournal.org.PURPOSE: To determine feasibility of optic nerve head (ONH) imaging and to characterize ONH development in full-term infants without sedation using handheld spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred fifty-two children aged between 1 day and 13 years. METHODS: All participants were imaged using handheld SD OCT without sedation during a single scan session. The percentage of successful scans was calculated. Interexaminer reproducibility and differences between right and left eyes were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Images were analyzed using ImageJ software. The developmental trajectories over time for ONH parameters were calculated using fractional polynomial modelling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disc and cup diameter (expressed as distance in micrometers and visual angle in degrees), cup depth, Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), retinal thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL; 1700 μm and 6° from the disc center). RESULTS: On average, 70% of participants were imaged successfully. Interexaminer reliability was excellent (ICC, >0.89) for diametric and retinal thickness parameters. Right and left eyes were similar for diametric measurements (ICC, >0.79), but more variable for nasal BMO-MRW, RNFL, and retinal thickness. The mean disc and cup diameter increase by 30% and 40%, respectively, between birth and 13 years of age when expressed as a distance measure, but remained constant (at 5°-5.5° and 2°, respectively) when expressed as a visual angle with reference to the eye nodal point. The peripapillary temporal RNFL demonstrated a marked initial decrease of nearly 35% between birth and approximately 18 months of age. This was followed by a slow increase up to 12 years of age when measured at 1700 μm from the disc center, although there was little change when measured at 6° from the disc center. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated feasibility of handheld SD OCT imaging of the ONH in full-term infants and children without anaesthesia or sedation. This is the first in vivo handheld SD OCT study to describe the development of ONH parameters during the critical early years of visual maturation. Our results provide a normative database for use in routine practice and further studies of ONH pathologic features.Supported by the Ulverscroft Foundation (Leicester, UK); the Medical Research Council (London, UK) (grant no.: MR/J004189/1 and MR/N004566/1); Nystagmus Network UK (London, UK); and the National Institutes of Health (London, UK) (grant no.: DRF-2014-07-136).Peer-reviewedPublisher VersionAssociation for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, May 2014, Orlando, Florida
The importance of formulation in the successful lyophilization of influenza reference materials.

© 2014.Lyophilized Influenza antigen reference reagents are a critical resource in the quality control of influenza vaccines. A standard formulation has been used successfully at NIBSC for many years however, following the unexpected occurrence of a collapsed appearance in a particular batch a study was carried out to establish the impact of the sugar concentration in the formulation using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).There was a correlation between the presence and size of the mDSC eutectic temperature events and the freeze dried appearance of the cakes, which became progressively worse with increasing amounts of sugar. NMR spectroscopy could be used to positively identify and quantify the sugars in the formulations. MDSC can rapidly predict if the freeze dried appearance will be acceptable so as to assure the successful lyophilization of influenza reference preparations