pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Engineering Nano- and Microparticles to Tune Immunity

The immune system can be a cure or cause of disease, fulfilling a protective role in attacking cancer or pathogenic microbes but also causing tissue destruction in autoimmune disorders. Thus, therapies aimed to amplify or suppress immune reactions are of great interest. However, the complex regulation of the immune system, coupled with the potential systemic side effects associated with traditional systemic drug therapies, has presented a major hurdle for the development of successful immunotherapies. Recent progress in the design of synthetic micro- and nano-particles that can target drugs, deliver imaging agents, or stimulate immune cells directly through their physical and chemical properties is leading to new approaches to deliver vaccines, promote immune responses against tumors, and suppress autoimmunity. In addition, novel strategies, such as the use of particle-laden immune cells as living targeting agents for drugs, are providing exciting new approaches for immunotherapy. This progress report describes recent advances in the design of micro- and nano-particles for immunotherapies and diagnostics.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (AI095109)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (CA140476)United States. Dept. of Defense (Contract W81XWH-10-1-0290)United States. Dept. of Defense (Contract W911NF-07-D-0004)Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvar
Novel highly conductive and transparent graphene based conductors

Future wearable electronics, displays and photovoltaic devices rely on highly
conductive, transparent and yet mechanically flexible materials. Nowadays
indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most wide spread transparent conductor in
optoelectronic applications, however the mechanical rigidity of this material
limits its use for future flexible devices. Here we report novel transparent
conductors based on few layer graphene (FLG) intercalated with ferric chloride
(FeCl3) with an outstandingly high electrical conductivity and optical
transparency. We show that upon intercalation a record low sheet resistance of
8.8 Ohm/square is attained together with an optical transmittance higher than
84% in the visible range. These parameters outperform the best values of ITO
and of other carbon-based materials, making these novel transparent conductors
the best candidates for future flexible optoelectronics
Fragmenting gadolinium: Mononuclear polyoxometalate-based magnetic coolers for ultra-low temperatures

The polyoxometalate clusters with formula [Gd(W 5O 18) 2] 9- and [Gd(P 5W 30O 110)] 12- each carry a single magnetic ion of gadolinium, which is the most widespread element among magnetic refrigerant materials. In an adiabatic demagnetization, the lowest attainable temperature is limited by the presence of magnetic interactions that bring about magnetic order below a critical temperature. We demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by chemically engineering the molecules in such a way to effectively screen all magnetic interactions, suggesting their use as ultra-low-temperature coolers. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.This work has been supported by the European Union (Project ELFOS and ERC Advanced Grant SPINMOL to EC), the Spanish MINECO (Project Consolider-Ingenio in Molecular Nanoscience, CSD2007-00010, and grants MAT2007-61584, MAT2009-13977 and MAT2011-22785), the Gobierno de Aragón (MolChip), and the Generalidad Valenciana (Prometeo Program).Peer Reviewe
Modular ‘Click-in-Emulsion’ Bone-Targeted Nanogels

A new class of nanogel demonstrates modular biodistribution and affinity for bone. Nanogels, ~70 nm in diameter and synthesized via an astoichiometric click-chemistry in-emulsion method, controllably display residual, free clickable functional groups. Functionalization with a bisphosphonate ligand results in significant binding to bone on the inner walls of marrow cavities, liver avoidance, and anti-osteoporotic effects.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (RO1 DE016516)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01 EB000244)Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DFS-#2050-10
Simple Precision Creation of Digitally Specified, Spatially Heterogeneous, Engineered Tissue Architectures

Complex architectures of integrated circuits are achieved through multiple layer photolithography, which has empowered the semiconductor industry. We adapt this philosophy for tissue engineering with a versatile, scalable, and generalizable microfabrication approach to create engineered tissue architectures composed of digitally specifiable building blocks, each with tuned structural, cellular, and compositional features.Paul G. Allen Family FoundationNew York Stem Cell FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)National Science Foundation (U.S.)Lincoln LaboratoryInstitution of Engineering and Technology (AF Harvey Prize
Bio-inspired band-gap tunable elastic optical multilayer fibers.

The concentrically-layered photonic structure found in the tropical fruit Margaritaria nobilis serves as inspiration for photonic fibers with mechanically tunable band-gap. The fibers show the spectral filtering capabilities of a planar Bragg stack while the microscopic curvature decreases the strong directional chromaticity associated with flat multilayers. Elongation of the elastic fibers results in a shift of the reflection of over 200 nm.Financial support from
the US Air Force Offi ce of Scientifi c Research Multidisciplinary University
Research Initiative under award numbers FA9550-09-1-0669-DOD35CAP,
FA9550-10-1-0020 and the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences
Research Council EP/G060649/1 is gratefully acknowledged. M.Ko.
acknowledges the fi nancial support from the Alexander von Humboldt
Foundation in form of a Feodor Lynen postdoctoral research fellowship.
This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems
(CNS), a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network
(NNIN), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under
NSF award no. ECS-0335765. CNS is part of Harvard University
Deep blue exciplex organic light-emitting diodes with enhanced efficiency ; P-type or E-type triplet conversion to singlet excitons?

Simple trilayer, deep blue, fluorescent exciplex organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are reported. These OLEDs emit from an exciplex state formed between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of 1,3,5-tri(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl (TPBi) and the NPB singlet manifold, yielding 2.7% external quantum efficiency at 450 nm. It is shown that the majority of the delayed emission in electroluminescence arises from P-type triplet fusion at NPB sites not E-type reverse intersystem crossing because of the presence of the NPB triplet state acting as a deep trap
Degradable Terpolymers with Alkyl Side Chains Demonstrate Enhanced Gene Delivery Potency and Nanoparticle Stability

Degradable, cationic poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) with alkyl side chains are developed for non-viral gene delivery. Nanoparticles formed from these PBAE terpolymers exhibit significantly enhanced DNA transfection potency and resistance to aggregation. These hydrophobic PBAE terpolymers, but not PBAEs lacking alkyl side chains, support interaction with PEG-lipid conjugates, facilitating their functionalization with shielding and targeting moieties and accelerating the in vivo translation of these materials.National Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Program of Excellence  in Nanotechnology (PEN) Award, Contract #HHSN268201000045C)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant R01-EB000244-27)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant 5-R01-CA132091-04)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH Grant R01-DE016516-03)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Graduate Research Fellowship)Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (Grant 17–2007-1063
Hybrid improper ferroelectricity in a Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric
  hybrid organic-inorganic perosvkite

There is great interest in hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as
metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The compounds
[C(NH$_{2}$)$_{3}$]M(HCOO)$_{3}$, where M=Cu$^{2+}$ or Cr$^{2+}$ are
Jahn-Teller (JT) active ions, are MOF with perovskite topology which
crystallizes in polar space group Pna2$_{1}$. In inorganic compounds,
octahedral tilting and Jahn-Teller structural distortions are usually non-polar
distortions. However, in this MOF cooperative interactions between the
antiferro-distortive distortions of the framework and the C(NH2)$_{3}$ organic
cation via hydrogen bonding breaks the inversion symmetry and induces a
ferroelectric polarization.[Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 5847, 2011] Our ab-initio
study supports the picture of an orbital-order-induced ferroelectricity, a rare
example of dipolar ordering caused by electronic degrees of freedom. The
switching of polarization direction implies the reversal of the weak
ferromagnetic component. The microscopic mechanism in this JT-based MOF with
ABX$_{3}$ perovskite structure displays a Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric (HIF)
state, arising from a trilinear coupling between different structural
deformations that comprise tilting, rotations and Jahn-Teller distortions of
both the BX$_{3}$ framework and the organic cation at the A sites. Since these
distortion modes in perovskite-inorganic compounds usually freeze-in at
elevated temperatures, the trilinear coupling in MOF compounds may provide an
interesting route towards high-temperature multiferroicity. These results offer
an important starting point for tailoring multiferroic properties in this
emerging class of materials for various technological applications. In
particular, the high tunability of the ferroelectric polarization by means of
the modification of the organic A cation has been recently shown[J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 135 18126 (2013)]Comment: 8 pages; 3 figures- Supplementary material can be found at Wiley
  Online Librar
Enhancing the Thermoelectric Power Factor by Using Invisible Dopants

Nanoparticle dopants that are invisible to conduction electrons and have sharp dips in their electron scattering rate versus electron energy close to the Fermi level. Replacement of such dopants with traditional impurities results in simultaneous enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient and the electron mobility and therefore a large enhancement in the thermoelectric power factor can be achieved.United States. Dept. of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences, MIT S3TEC, an Energy Frontier Research Center, Award Number DE-FG02-09ER46577 (for basic research
Nanoimprinted Organic Semiconductor Laser Pumped by a Light-Emitting Diode

The authors acknowledge support for this work from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) HYPIX project (grant number EP/F059922/1 and EP/F05999X/1).An organic semiconductor laser, simply fabricated by UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL), that is pumped with a pulsed InGaN LED is demonstrated. Molecular weight optimization of the polymer gain medium on a nanoimprinted polymer distributed feedback resonator enables the lowest reported UV-NIL laser threshold density of 770 W cm(-2), establishing the potential for scalable organic laser fabrication compatible with mass-produced LEDs.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Orthogonal Adsorption Onto Nano-Graphene Oxide Using Different Intermolecular Forces for Multiplexed Delivery

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wang, F., Liu, B., Ip, A. C.-F., & Liu, J. (2013). Orthogonal Adsorption Onto Nano-Graphene Oxide Using Different Intermolecular Forces for Multiplexed Delivery. Advanced Materials, 25(30), 4087–4092, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201301183. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Nano-graphene oxide can adsorb both doxorubicin and zwitterionic dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes in an orthogonal and non-competing manner with high capacities based on different surface and intermolecular forces taking place on the heterogeneous surface of the graphene oxide. The system forms stable colloids, allowing co-delivery of both cargos to cancer cells.University of Waterloo ||
Canadian Foundation for Innovation ||
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council ||
Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation |
Fluorescent Multiblock π-Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for In Vivo Tumor Targeting

Highly fluorescent multiblock conjugated polymer nanoparticles with folic acid surface ligands are highly effective for bioimaging and in vivo tumor targeting. The targeted nanoparticles were preferentially localized in tumor cells in vivo, thereby illustrating their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (W911NF-13-D-0001)UNCF-Merck Postdoctoral FellowshipNational Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Visiting Professors and Scholars Program (Postdoctoral Fellowship)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Koch Institute Support (Core) Grant P30-CA14051)National Cancer Institute (U.S.). Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (Grant 5 U54 CA151884-02
Lipid-Modified Aminoglycoside Derivatives for In Vivo siRNA Delivery

Rationally designed siRNA delivery materials that are enabled by lipid-modified aminoglycosides are demonstrated. Leading materials identified are able to self-assemble with siRNA into well-defined nanoparticles and induce efficient gene knockdown both in vitro and in vivo. Histology studies and liver function tests reveal that no apparent toxicity is caused by these nanoparticles at doses over two orders of magnitude.Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DFS-#2050-10)Alnylam Pharmaceuticals (Firm)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant EB000244)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant 1-RO1-CA132091-03
Scalable Manufacture of Built-to-Order Nanomedicine: Spray-Assisted Layer-by-Layer Functionalization of PRINT Nanoparticles

Scalable methods, PRINT particle fabrication, and spray-assisted Layer-by-Layer deposition are combined to generate uniform and functional nanotechnologies with precise control over composition, size, shape, and surface functionality. A modular and tunable approach towards design of built-to-order nanoparticle systems, spray coating on PRINT particles is demonstrated to achieve technologies capable of targeted interactions with cancer cells for applications in drug delivery.National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence Grant 5 U54 CA151884-02)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research FellowshipNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Postdoctoral Fellowship
Programmable Mechanical Resonances in MEMS by Localized Joule Heating of
  Phase Change Materials

A programmable micromechanical resonator based on a VO2 thin film is
reported. Multiple mechanical eigenfrequency states are programmed using Joule
heating as local power source, gradually driving the phase transition of VO2
around its Metal-Insulator transition temperature. Phase coexistence of domains
is used to tune the stiffness of the device via local control of internal
stresses and mechanical properties. This study opens perspectives for
developing mechanically configurable nanostructure arrays.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
25th Anniversary Article: A Soft Future: From Robots and Sensor Skin to Energy Harvesters

Scientists are exploring elastic and soft forms of robots, electronic skin and energy harvesters, dreaming to mimic nature and to enable novel applications in wide fields, from consumer and mobile appliances to biomedical systems, sports and healthcare. All conceivable classes of materials with a wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties are employed, from liquids and gels to organic and inorganic solids. Functionalities never seen before are achieved. In this review we discuss soft robots which allow actuation with several degrees of freedom. We show that different actuation mechanisms lead to similar actuators, capable of complex and smooth movements in 3d space. We introduce latest research examples in sensor skin development and discuss ultraflexible electronic circuits, light emitting diodes and solar cells as examples. Additional functionalities of sensor skin, such as visual sensors inspired by animal eyes, camouflage, self-cleaning and healing and on-skin energy storage and generation are briefly reviewed. Finally, we discuss a paradigm change in energy harvesting, away from hard energy generators to soft ones based on dielectric elastomers. Such systems are shown to work with high energy of conversion, making them potentially interesting for harvesting mechanical energy from human gait, winds and ocean waves
Design of Radiation Tolerant Materials Via Interface Engineering

A novel interface engineering strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve superior irradiation tolerance, high strength, and high thermal stability in bulk nanolayered composites of a model face-centered-cubic (Cu)/body-centered-cubic (Nb) system. By synthesizing bulk nanolayered Cu-Nb composites containing interfaces with controlled sink efficiencies, a novel material is designed in which nearly all irradiation-induced defects are annihilated.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Energy Frontiers Research Center. Award 2008LANL1026
On-chip photonic memory elements employing phase-change materials

Open Access Article - Wiley OnlineOpenPhase-change materials integrated into nanophotonic circuits provide a flexible way to realize tunable optical components. Relying on the enormous refractive-index contrast between the amorphous and crystalline states, such materials are promising candidates for on-chip photonic memories. Nonvolatile memory operation employing arrays of microring resonators is demonstrated as a route toward all-photonic chipscale information processing...Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)NSF Materials World Networ
Assembly of a Bacteriophage-Based Template for the Organization of Materials into Nanoporous Networks

M13 bacteriophages are assembled via a covalent layer-by-layer process to form a highly nanoporous network capable of organizing nanoparticles and acting as a scaffold for templating metal-oxides. The morphological and optical properties of the film itself are presented as well as its ability to organize and disperse metal nanoparticles.Eni S.p.A. (Firm)MIT Energy Initiative (Eni-MIT Energy Fellowship)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Postgraduate Scholarship))United States. Army Research Office. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Contract W911NF-13-D-0001)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (award number DMR-0819762
Enhanced Self-Assembly of Metal Oxides and Metal-Organic Frameworks from Precursors with Magnetohydrodynamically Induced Long-Lived Collective Spin States

Low energy permanent magnetic fields (0.5T) applied in hydrodynamically turbulent conditions are observed to enhance self-assembly of materials with magnetically frustrated spin systems (spin-glass, spin-ice or spin–liquid). This effect is demonstrated for the crystallization of vanadium oxide nano-scrolls, manganese oxide nano-tubes and HKUST-1 type Cu3(BTC)2.3H2O Metal-Organic Framework. Crystallization of these spin systems involves spin coupling and alignment of initially isolated paramagnetic metal ions, respectively V(IV), Mn(IV) and Cu(II) into molecular precursor units that self-assemble to the final material. The electromagnetic and hydrodynamic forces applied during magnetohydrodynamic precursor treatment induce a long lived state of collective spin order by the resonant coupling of magnetic field and turbulent structured flow. This altered magnetic alignment in the molecular precursor units consequently assist the self-assembly process resulting in optimised morphology. The presented experimental setup enables precise control over the magnetohydrodynamic conditions during synthesis, essential for elucidation the detailed mechanism.status: publishe
Real-Time Manipulation with Magnetically Tunable Structures

Magnetically tunable micropillar arrays with uniform, continuous and extreme tilt angles for real-time manipulation are reported. We experimentally show uniform tilt angles ranging from 0° to 57°, and develop a model to accurately capture the behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the flexible uniform responsive microstructures (μFUR) can dynamically manipulate liquid spreading directionality, control fluid drag, and tune optical transmittance over a large range.United States. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Grant FA9550-11-1-0059
Assembling Ellipsoidal Particles at Fluid Interfaces using Switchable
  Dipolar Capillary Interactions

The fabrication of novel soft materials is an important scientific and
technological challenge. We investigate the response of magnetic ellipsoidal
particles adsorbed at fluid-fluid interfaces to external magnetic fields. By
exploiting previously discovered first-order orientation phase transitions we
show how to switch on and off dipolar capillary interactions between particles,
leading to the formation of distinctive self-assembled structures and allowing
dynamic control of the bottom-up fabrication of reconfigurable novel-structured
materialsComment: 5 pages, 5 Figure
Enabling Ideal Selective Solar Absorption with 2D Metallic Dielectric Photonic Crystals

A metallic dielectric photonic crystal with solar broadband, omni-directional, and tunable selective absorption with high temperature stable (1000 °C, 24 hrs) properties is fabricated on a 6” silicon wafer. The broadband absorption is due to a high density of optical cavity modes overlapped with an anti-reflection coating. Results allow for large-scale, low cost, and efficient solar-thermal energy conversion.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Award DE-FG02-09ER46577
Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine : a review

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been providing exciting
technologies for the development of functional substitutes aimed to repair and
regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Inspired by the hierarchical nature of
bone, nanostructured biomaterials are gaining a singular attention for tissue
engineering, owing their ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and
hence new bone growth, compared with conventional microsized materials.
Of particular interest are nanocomposites involving biopolymeric matrices and
bioactive nanosized fi llers. Biodegradability, high mechanical strength, and
osteointegration and formation of ligamentous tissue are properties required
for such materials. Biopolymers are advantageous due to their similarities with
extracellular matrices, specifi c degradation rates, and good biological performance.
By its turn, calcium phosphates possess favorable osteoconductivity,
resorbability, and biocompatibility. Herein, an overview on the available natural
polymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite materials, their design, and properties
is presented. Scaffolds, hydrogels, and fi bers as biomimetic strategies for
tissue engineering, and processing methodologies are described. The specifi c
biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with
cells, including the use of bioactive molecules, are highlighted. Nanocomposites
in vivo studies using animal models are also reviewed and discussed.


 The research leading to this work has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no REGPOT-CT2012-316331-POLARIS, and from QREN (ON.2 - NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000016) cofinanced by North Portugal Regional Operational Program (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)