pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing – A Hybrid Production Process for Novel Functional Products

AbstractUltrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), or Ultrasonic Consolidation as it is also referred, is a hybrid form of manufacture, primarily for metal components. The unique nature of the process permits extremely novel functionality to be realised such as multi-material structures with embedded componentry. UAM has been subject to research and investigation at Loughborough University since 2001. This paper introduces UAM then details a number of key findings in a number of areas that have been of particular focus at Loughborough in recent years. These include; the influence of pre-process material texture on interlaminar bonding, secure fibre positioning through laser machined channels, and freeform electrical circuitry integration
Representations and cohomology for Frobenius–Lusztig kernels

AbstractLet Uζ be the quantum group (Lusztig form) associated to the simple Lie algebra g, with parameter ζ specialized to an ℓ-th root of unity in a field of characteristic p>0. In this paper we study certain finite-dimensional normal Hopf subalgebras Uζ(Gr) of Uζ, called Frobenius–Lusztig kernels, which generalize the Frobenius kernels Gr of an algebraic group G. When r=0, the algebras studied here reduce to the small quantum group introduced by Lusztig. We classify the irreducible Uζ(Gr)-modules and discuss their characters. We then study the cohomology rings for the Frobenius–Lusztig kernels and for certain nilpotent and Borel subalgebras corresponding to unipotent and Borel subgroups of G. We prove that the cohomology ring for the first Frobenius–Lusztig kernel is finitely-generated when g has type A or D, and that the cohomology rings for the nilpotent and Borel subalgebras are finitely-generated in general
A new method to solve the non-perturbative renormalization group equations

AbstractWe propose a method to solve the non-perturbative renormalization group equations for the n-point functions. In leading order, it consists in solving the equations obtained by closing the infinite hierarchy of equations for the n-point functions. This is achieved: (i) by exploiting the decoupling of modes and the analyticity of the n-point functions at small momenta: this allows us to neglect some momentum dependence of the vertices entering the flow equations; (ii) by relating vertices at zero momenta to derivatives of lower order vertices with respect to a constant background field. Although the approximation is not controlled by a small parameter, its accuracy can be systematically improved. When it is applied to the O(N) model, its leading order is exact in the large-N limit; in this case, one recovers known results in a simple and direct way, i.e., without introducing an auxiliary field
Macrofaunal abundance and community composition at lower bathyal depths in different branches of the Whittard Canyon and on the adjacent slope (3500m; NE Atlantic)

AbstractWe studied benthic macrofaunal abundance and community composition in replicate Megacorer samples obtained from three sites in different branches of the Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) and one site on the adjacent slope to the west of the canyon system. All sites were located at a depth of ~3500m. Abundance (macrobenthos sensu stricto, >300μm) varied significantly (p<0.001) among sites, and decreased from east to west; highest in the Eastern branch (6249±standard deviation 1363ind.m−2) and lowest on the slope (2744±SD 269ind.m−2). Polychaetes were the dominant taxon, making up 53% of the macrofauna, followed by isopods (11%), tanaids (10%), bivalves (7%) and sipunculans (7%). Among the polychaetes, the Amphinomidae was the dominant family (27%), followed by the Spionidae (22%). Assemblage composition changed across the sites. From east to west, the proportion of polychaetes and isopods decreased (by 6% in each case), while sipunculans and tanaids increased (by 13% and 8%, respectively). The ranking of the two dominant polychaete families reversed from east to west (Eastern branch—Amphinomidae 36%, Spionidae 21%; Slope—Spionidae 30%, Amphinomidae 10%). Ordination of faunal groups (macrofaunal higher taxa, and polychaete families) revealed that the Central and Eastern branches were substantially similar, while the Western branch and slope sites were relatively distinct. A very similar pattern was evident in a corresponding ordination of environmental variables across the sites. An analysis of faunal similarities (ANOSIM) indicated that the Western branch/slope and Central branch/Eastern branch groups displayed the highest similarity. The clearest separation was between the slope and the Eastern branch. We conclude that, when compared at the same water depth, macrofaunal abundance and composition varies between open slope and canyon location, as well as among canyon branches. These differences probably reflect the influence of organic enrichment together with hydrodynamic activity, both of which are influenced by the topographic profile of individual canyon branches
Lithic technology and social transformations in the South Indian Neolithic: The evidence from Sanganakallu–Kupgal

AbstractHere we examine patterns in stone tool technology among Mesolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age localities in the Sanganakallu–Kupgal site complex, Bellary District, Karnataka, South India. Statistical tests are used to compare proportions of raw materials and artefact types, and to compare central tendencies in metric variables taken on flakes and tools. Lithic-related findings support the inference of at least two distinct technological and economic groups at Sanganakallu–Kupgal, a microlith-focused foraging society on the one hand, and on the other, an agricultural society whose lithic technologies centred upon the production of pressure bladelets and dolerite edge-ground axes. Evidence for continuity in lithic technological processes through time may reflect indigenous processes of development, and a degree of continuity from the Mesolithic through to the Neolithic period. Lithic production appears to have become a specialised and spatially segregated activity by the terminal Neolithic and early Iron Age, supporting suggestions for the emergence of an increasingly complex economy and political hierarchy
Spectral distances on graphs

AbstractBy assigning a probability measure via the spectrum of the normalized Laplacian to each graph and using Lp Wasserstein distances between probability measures, we define the corresponding spectral distances dp on the set of all graphs. This approach can even be extended to measuring the distances between infinite graphs. We prove that the diameter of the set of graphs, as a pseudo-metric space equipped with d1, is one. We further study the behavior of d1 when the size of graphs tends to infinity by interlacing inequalities aiming at exploring large real networks. A monotonic relation between d1 and the evolutionary distance of biological networks is observed in simulations
A coarse graining for the Fortuin–Kasteleyn measure in random media

AbstractBy means of a multi-scale analysis we describe the typical geometrical structure of the clusters under the FK measure in random media. Our result holds in any dimension d⩾2 provided that slab percolation occurs under the averaged measure, which should be the case for the whole supercritical phase. This work extends that of Pisztora [A. Pisztora, Surface order large deviations for Ising, Potts and percolation models, Probab. Theory Related Fields 104 (4) (1996) 427–466] and provides an essential tool for the analysis of the supercritical regime in disordered FK models and in the corresponding disordered Ising and Potts models
Effect of two different house screening interventions on exposure to malaria vectors and on anaemia in children in The Gambia: a randomised controlled trial

SummaryBackgroundHouse screening should protect people against malaria. We assessed whether two types of house screening—full screening of windows, doors, and closing eaves, or installation of screened ceilings—could reduce house entry of malaria vectors and frequency of anaemia in children in an area of seasonal malaria transmission.MethodsDuring 2006 and 2007, 500 occupied houses in and near Farafenni town in The Gambia, an area with low use of insecticide-treated bednets, were randomly assigned to receive full screening, screened ceilings, or no screening (control). Randomisation was done by computer-generated list, in permuted blocks of five houses in the ratio 2:2:1. Screening was not treated with insecticide. Exposure to mosquitoes indoors was assessed by fortnightly light trap collections during the transmission season. Primary endpoints included the number of female Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes collected per trap per night. Secondary endpoints included frequency of anaemia (haemoglobin concentration <80 g/L) and parasitaemia at the end of the transmission season in children (aged 6 months to 10 years) who were living in the study houses. Analysis was by modified intention to treat (ITT), including all randomised houses for which there were some outcome data and all children from those houses who were sampled for haemoglobin and parasitaemia. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN51184253.Findings462 houses were included in the modified ITT analysis (full screening, n=188; screened ceilings, n=178; control, n=96). The mean number of A gambiae caught in houses without screening was 37·5 per trap per night (95% CI 31·6–43·3), compared with 15·2 (12·9–17·4) in houses with full screening (ratio of means 0·41, 95% CI 0·31–0·54; p<0·0001) and 19·1 (16·1–22·1) in houses with screened ceilings (ratio 0·53, 0·40–0·70; p<0·0001). 755 children completed the study, of whom 731 had complete clinical and covariate data and were used in the analysis of clinical outcomes. 30 (19%) of 158 children from control houses had anaemia, compared with 38 (12%) of 309 from houses with full screening (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·53, 95% CI 0·29–0·97; p=0·04), and 31 (12%) of 264 from houses with screened ceilings (OR 0·51, 0·27–0·96; p=0·04). Frequency of parasitaemia did not differ between intervention and control groups.InterpretationHouse screening substantially reduced the number of mosquitoes inside houses and could contribute to prevention of anaemia in children.FundingMedical Research Council
Requirements for global elimination of hepatitis B: a modelling study

SummaryBackgroundDespite the existence of effective prevention and treatment interventions, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to cause nearly 1 million deaths each year. WHO aspires to global control and elimination of HBV infection. We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of public health interventions against HBV, propose targets for reducing incidence and mortality, and identify the key developments required to achieve them.MethodsWe developed a simulation model of the global HBV epidemic, incorporating data on the natural history of HBV, prevalence, mortality, vaccine coverage, treatment dynamics, and demographics. We estimate the impact of current interventions and scaling up of existing interventions for prevention of infection and introducing wide-scale population screening and treatment interventions on the worldwide epidemic.FindingsVaccination of infants and neonates is already driving a large decrease in new infections; vaccination has already prevented 210 million new chronic infections by 2015 and will have averted 1·1 million deaths by 2030. However, without scale-up of existing interventions, our model showed that there will be a cumulative 63 million new cases of chronic infection and 17 million HBV-related deaths between 2015 and 2030 because of ongoing transmission in some regions and poor access to treatment for people already infected. A target of a 90% reduction in new chronic infections and 65% reduction in mortality could be achieved by scaling up the coverage of infant vaccination (to 90% of infants), birth-dose vaccination (to 80% of neonates), use of peripartum antivirals (to 80% of hepatitis B e antigen-positive mothers), and population-wide testing and treatment (to 80% of eligible people). These interventions would avert 7·3 million deaths between 2015 and 2030, including 1·5 million cases of cancer deaths. An elimination threshold for incidence of new chronic infections would be reached by 2090 worldwide. The annual cost would peak at US$7·5 billion worldwide ($3·4 billion in low-income and lower-middle-income countries), but decrease rapidly and this would be accelerated if a cure is developed.InterpretationScale-up of vaccination coverage, innovations in scalable options for prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and ambitious population-wide testing and treatment are needed to eliminate HBV as a major public health threat. Achievement of these targets could make a major contribution to one of the Sustainable Development Goals of combating hepatitis.FundingMedical Research Council
Chaotic hybrid inflation with a gauged B–L

AbstractIn this paper we present a novel formulation of chaotic hybrid inflation in supergravity. The model includes a waterfall field which spontaneously breaks a gauged U1(B–L) at a GUT scale. This allows for the possibility of future model building which includes the standard formulation of baryogenesis via leptogenesis with the waterfall field decaying into right-handed neutrinos. We have not considered the following issues in this short paper, i.e. supersymmetry breaking, dark matter or the gravitino or moduli problems. Our focus is on showing the compatibility of the present model with Planck, WMAP and Bicep2 data
μ−–e+ conversion in upcoming LFV experiments

AbstractWe present an illustrative discussion of the physics potential of μ−–e+ conversion. We point out that this process, although much less frequently studied than the related but much more popular processes of μ−–e− conversion and neutrinoless double beta decay, may in fact be a promising alternative to detect both lepton flavour and number violation. However, for this goal to be reached, a combined effort of experiments and theory, both in nuclear and particle physics, is necessary to advance. The aim of this paper is to be an “appetiser” to trigger such an initiative
Durability Testing of Parabolic Trough Receivers – Overheating, Thermal Cycling, bellow Fatigue and Antireflex-Coating Abrasion

AbstractThis paper describes accelerated aging tests on parabolic trough receivers. Overheating of parabolic trough receivers about 80-100K over the nominal operating temperature is applied for accelerated aging of the absorber coating.A lifetime prediction based on the Arrhenius parameters requires extensive testing; A reduced test with heating receivers to 478°C for 1000hours is applied on receivers for oil fluid in order to compare heat loss and optical efficiency before and after such accelerated aging. In a further test set, such receivers are thermally cycled between 200°C and 478°C for 100 times. A bellow fatigue test has been developed for testing of the bellows stability for the compression and expansion. Receivers are subjected to 20,000 cycles and rested for a 24 hour waiting period. The receiver heat loss during the bellow fatigue test shall not increase more than 30%. Durability of the antireflex coating on the glass is tested with the Taber linear abrasor using the CS-10F rubber (¾”) and MIL 12397 Eraser (¼”). Both abrasive materials proved to be suited to obtain reproducible results, although the discussion is still ongoing on which material should be used. The larger diameter of the CS-10F rubber offers the advantage that transmittance measurement with the Lambda 950/1050 spectrophotometer can be performed without the necessity for multiple abrading stripes
Malignant tumors of the temporal bone - our experience

INTRODUCTION:

Malignant tumors of the temporal bone are rare, with an estimated incidence of about 0.8-1.0 per 1,000,000 inhabitants per year. The vast majority of these tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and their treatment is eminently surgical.
OBJECTIVE:

This study is an attempt at systematizing the forms of clinical presentation, the therapeutic possibilities, and oncological outcomes of patients with malignant tumors of the temporal bone in a tertiary hospital in Portugal.
METHODS:

The authors present a retrospective study of temporal bone tumors treated and followed during otorhinolaryngology consultations between 2004 and 2014. A review of the literature is also included.
RESULTS:

Of the 18 patients included in the study, 16 had a primary tumor of the temporal bone, in most cases with squamous cell carcinoma histology. Of these, 13 patients were treated with curative intent that always included the surgical approach. Disease persistence was observed in one patient and local recurrence in five patients, on average 36.8 months after the initial treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:

The anatomical complexity of the temporal bone and the close associations with vital structures make it difficult to perform tumor resection with margins of safety and thus, tumor relapses are almost always local. A high level of suspicion is crucial for early diagnosis, and stringent and prolonged follow-up after treatment is essential for diagnosis and timely treatment of recurrances.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Modelling Cities as a collection of TeraSystems - Computational challenges in Multi-Agent Approach

YesAgent-based modeling techniques are ideal for modeling massive complex systems such as insect colonies or biological cellular systems and even cities. However these models themselves are extremely complex to code, test, simulate and analyze. This paper discusses the challenges in using agent-based models to model complete cities as a complex system. In this paper we argue that Cities are actually a collection of various complex models which are themselves massive multiple systems, each of millions of agents, working together to form one system consisting of an order of a billion agents of different types - such as people, communities and technologies interacting together. Because of the agent numbers and complexity challenges, the present day hardware architectures are unable to cope with the simulations and processing of these models. To accommodate these issues, this paper proposes a Tera (to denote the order of millions)-modeling framework, which utilizes current technologies of Cloud computing and Big data processing, for modeling a city, by allowing infinite resources and complex interactions. This paper also lays the case for bringing together research communities for interdisciplinary research to build a complete reliable model of a city
Accurate predictions for charged Higgs production : closing the the mH±∼mt window.

We present predictions for the total cross section for the production of a charged Higgs boson in the intermediate-mass range (mH±∼mt) at the LHC, focusing on a type-II two-Higgs-doublet model. Results are obtained at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in QCD perturbation theory, by studying the full process View the MathML source in the complex-(top)-mass scheme with massive bottom quarks. Compared to lowest-order predictions, NLO corrections have a sizeable impact: they increase the cross section by roughly 50% and reduce uncertainties due to scale variations by more than a factor of two. Our computation reliably interpolates between the low- and high-mass regime. Our results provide the first NLO prediction for charged Higgs production in the intermediate-mass range and therefore allow to have NLO accurate predictions in the full mH± range. The extension of our results to different realisations of the two-Higgs-doublet model or to the supersymmetric case is also discussed
A high resolution foreground model for the MWA EoR1 field: model and
  implications for EoR power spectrum analysis

The current generation of experiments aiming to detect the neutral hydrogen
signal from the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) is likely to be limited by
systematic effects associated with removing foreground sources from target
fields. In this paper we develop a model for the compact foreground sources in
one of the target fields of the MWA's EoR key science experiment: the `EoR1'
field. The model is based on both the MWA's GLEAM survey and GMRT 150 MHz data
from the TGSS survey, the latter providing higher angular resolution and better
astrometric accuracy for compact sources than is available from the MWA alone.
The model contains 5049 sources, some of which have complicated morphology in
MWA data, Fornax A being the most complex. The higher resolution data show that
13% of sources that appear point-like to the MWA have complicated morphology
such as double and quad structure, with a typical separation of 33~arcsec. We
derive an analytic expression for the error introduced into the EoR
two-dimensional power spectrum due to peeling close double sources as single
point sources and show that for the measured source properties, the error in
the power spectrum is confined to high $k_\bot$ modes that do not affect the
overall result for the large-scale cosmological signal of interest. The
brightest ten mis-modelled sources in the field contribute 90% of the power
bias in the data, suggesting that it is most critical to improve the models of
the brightest sources. With this hybrid model we reprocess data from the EoR1
field and show a maximum of 8% improved calibration accuracy and a factor of
two reduction in residual power in $k$-space from peeling these sources.
Implications for future EoR experiments including the SKA are discussed in
relation to the improvements obtained.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in PAS
Search for high-mass diphoton resonances in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV and combination with 8 TeV search

A search for the resonant production of high-mass photon pairs is presented. The search focuses on spin-0 and spin-2 resonances with masses between 0.5 and 4.5 TeV, and with widths, relative to the mass, between 1.4×10−41.4×10−4 and 5.6×10−25.6×10−2. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 fb−112.9 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions collected with the CMS detector in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant excess is observed relative to the standard model expectation. The results of the search are combined statistically with those previously obtained in 2012 and 2015 at View the MathML sources=8 and 13 TeV, respectively, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 3.3 fb−13.3 fb−1, to derive exclusion limits on scalar resonances produced through gluon–gluon fusion, and on Randall–Sundrum gravitons. The lower mass limits for Randall–Sundrum gravitons range from 1.95 to 4.45 TeV for coupling parameters between 0.01 and 0.2. These are the most stringent limits on Randall–Sundrum graviton production to date
‘Are the ‘others’ coming?’: Evidence on ‘alien conspiracy’ from three illegal markets in Greece

In the early 1990s Greece accepted a large number of immigrants from a variety of contexts. Since then ‘organised criminality’ has become an important aspect of the immigration nexus in the country, and ethnicity has been viewed as an extremely important-if not the primary–explanatory variable. Simultaneously, there has been very little empirical research on ‘organised crime’ in Greece in general and ‘organised crime’ and ethnicity in particular. The purpose of this article, which is based on previous research that the author has conducted on three illegal markets in Greece (a. migrant smuggling business, b. the cigarette black market, and c. the market of stolen cars and car parts), is to show the extent to which these illegal markets are controlled by foreign nationals, and establish whether there is such thing as an ‘alien conspiracy’ in the particular country