pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Aspects of adaptive managment of coastal wetlands: case studies of processes, conservation, restoration, impacts and assessment.

Coastal wetlands are dynamic and include the freshwater-intertidal interface. In many parts of the world such wetlands are under pressure from increasing human populations and from predicted sea-level rise. Their complexity and the limited knowledge of processes operating in these systems combine to make them a management challenge.Adaptive management is advocated for complex ecosystem management (Hackney 2000; Meretsky et al. 2000; Thom 2000;National Research Council 2003).Adaptive management identifies management aims,makes an inventory/environmental assessment,plans management actions, implements these, assesses outcomes, and provides feedback to iterate the process (Holling 1978;Walters and Holling 1990). This allows for a dynamic management system that is responsive to change.   In the area of wetland management recent adaptive approaches are exemplified by Natuhara et al. (2004) for wild bird management, Bunch and Dudycha (2004) for a river system, Thom (2000) for restoration, and Quinn and Hanna (2003) for seasonal wetlands in California. There are many wetland habitats for which we currently have only rudimentary knowledge (Hackney 2000), emphasizing the need for good information as a prerequisite for effective management. The management framework must also provide a way to incorporate the best available science into management decisions and to use management outcomes as opportunities to improve scientific understanding and provide feedback to the decision system. Figure 9.1 shows a model developed by Anorov (2004) based on the process-response model of Maltby et al. (1994) that forms a framework for the science that underlies an adaptive management system in the wetland context.Griffith Sciences, Griffith School of EnvironmentFull Tex
Outdoor simultaneous localisation and mapping using RatSLAM

In this paper an existing method for indoor Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) is extended to operate in large outdoor environments using an omnidirectional camera as its principal external sensor. The method, RatSLAM, is based upon computational models of the area in the rat brain that maintains the rodent’s idea of its position in the world. The system uses the visual appearance of different locations to build hybrid spatial-topological maps of places it has experienced that facilitate relocalisation and path planning. A large dataset was acquired from a dynamic campus environment and used to verify the system’s ability to construct representations of the world and simultaneously use these representations to maintain localisation
Mass loss of rotating stars at very low metallicity

Some indirect observations, as the high fraction of Be stars at low metallicity, or the necessity for massive stars to be important sources of primary nitrogen, seem to indicate that very metal poor stars were fast rotators. As a consequence of this fast rotation, these stars, contrarily to current wisdom, might lose large amounts of mass during their lifetime. In this paper, we review various mechanisms triggered by rotation which may induce strong mass loss at very low metallicity. The most efficient process comes from surface enrichments in CNO elements which then drive mass loss by stellar winds. Due to this process, a fast rotating 60 M$_\odot$ with metallicities in the range of $Z=10^{-8}$ and $10^{-5}$, can lose between 30 and 55% of its initial mass. This rotationally wind ejected material participates to the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium, enriching it exclusively in H- and He-burning products. In particular, metal poor fast rotating stars may play a key role for explaining the origin of the peculiar abundance pattern observed at the surface of the extremely metal-poor C-rich stars, for explaining the chemical inhomogeneities observed in globular clusters, and the presence of stars in $\omega$ Cen with a very high helium content
The Halo Lithium Plateau :
                    Outstanding Issues

We examine outstanding issues in the analysis and interpretation of the halo Li plateau. We show that the majority of very Li-poor halo Li-plateau stars (5 out of 8) have high projected rotation velocities vsini between 4.7 and 10.4 km s-1. Such stars have very different evolutionary histories to Li-normal plateau stars, and hence cannot be included in studies of Li depletion by normal halo dwarfs. Uncertainties in the effective temperature scale for metal-poor stars continue to challenge the analysis of Li
Pinning Down Gravitational Settling

We analyse high-resolution archival UVES data of turnoff and subgiant stars in the nearby globular cluster NGC 6397 ([Fe/H] = -2). Balmer-profile analyses are performed to derive reddening-free effective temperatures. Due to the limited S/N and uncertainties related to blaze removal, we find the data quality insufficient to exclude the existence of gravitational settling. If the newly derived effective temperatures are taken as a basis for an abundance analysis, the photospheric iron (Fe II) abundance in the turnoff stars is 0.11 dex lower than in the (well-mixed) subgiants
On the radar method in general-relativistic spacetimes

If a clock, mathematically modeled by a parametrized timelike curve in a
general-relativistic spacetime, is given, the radar method assigns a time and a
distance to every event which is sufficiently close to the clock. Several
geometric aspects of this method are reviewed and their physical interpretation
is discussed.Comment: Written version of talk given at 359th WE Heraeus Seminar ``Lasers,
  Clocks, and Drag-Free. New Technologies for Testing Relativistic Gravity in
  Space.'' Bremen, 2005; to appear in H. Dittus, C. L{\"a}mmerzahl, S. G.
  Turyshev (eds.): ``Lasers, Clocks, and Drag-Free Control. Exploration of
  Relativistic Gravity in Space.'' Springer, 200
Optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation algorithms with nonconforming time discretization for coupling convection-diffusion problems with discontinuous coefficients

International audienceWe present and study an optimized Schwarz Waveform Relaxation algorithm for convection-diffusion problems with discontinuous coefficients. Such analysis is a first step towards the coupling of heterogeneous climatic models. The SWR algorithms are global in time, and thus allow for the use of non conforming space-time discretizations. They are therefore well adapted to coupling models with very different spatial and time scales, as in ocean-atmosphere coupling. As the cost per iteration can be very high, we introduce new transmission conditions in the algorithm which optimize the convergence speed. In order to get higher order schemes in time, we use in each subdomain a discontinuous Galerkin method for the time-discretization. We present numerical results to illustrate this approach, and we analyse numerically the time-discretization error
A Schwarz Waveform Relaxation Method for Advection—Diffusion—Reaction Problems with Discontinuous Coefficients and Non-matching Grids

International audienceWe present a non-overlapping Schwarz waveform relaxation method for solving advection-reaction-diffusion problems in heterogeneous media. The do-main decomposition method is global in time, which permits the use of different time steps in different subdomains. We determine optimal non-local, and optimized Robin transmission conditions. We also present a space-time finite volume scheme es-pecially designed to handle such transmission conditions. We show the performance of the method on an example inspired from nuclear waste disposal simulations
On Asymptotically Optimal Meshes by Coordinate Transformation

We study the problem of constructing asymptotically optimal meshes with respect to the gradient error of a given input function. We provide simpler proofs of previously known results and show constructively that a closed-form solution exists for them. We show how the transformational method for obtaining meshes, as is, cannot produce asymptotically optimal meshes for general inputs. We also discuss possible variations of the problem definition that may allow for some forms of optimality to be proved.Engineering and Applied Science
Estimating Classification Uncertainty of Bayesian Decision Tree Technique on Financial Data

Copyright © 2007 Springer. The final publication is available at link.springer.comBook title: Perception-based Data Mining and Decision Making in Economics and FinanceSummary
Bayesian averaging over classification models allows the uncertainty of classification outcomes to be evaluated, which is of crucial importance for making reliable decisions in applications such as financial in which risks have to be estimated. The uncertainty of classification is determined by a trade-off between the amount of data available for training, the diversity of a classifier ensemble and the required performance. The interpretability of classification models can also give useful information for experts responsible for making reliable classifications. 
For this reason Decision Trees (DTs) seem to be attractive classification models. 
The required diversity of the DT ensemble can be achieved by using the Bayesian model averaging all possible DTs. In practice, the Bayesian approach can be implemented on the base of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique of random sampling from the posterior distribution. For sampling large DTs, the MCMC method is extended by Reversible Jump technique which allows inducing DTs under given priors. For the case when the prior information on the DT size is unavailable, the sweeping technique defining the prior implicitly reveals a better performance. Within this chapter we explore the classification uncertainty of the Bayesian MCMC techniques on some datasets from the StatLog Repository and real financial data. The classification uncertainty is compared within an Uncertainty Envelope technique dealing with the class posterior distribution and a given confidence probability. This technique provides realistic estimates of the classification uncertainty which can be easily interpreted in statistical terms with the aim of risk evaluation
Orthogonal rational functions on the unit circle: from the scalar to the matrix case

Lecture notes in Mathematics, vol. 1883, edited by Van Assche, Walter and Marcellán, FranciscoThe purpose of these lecture notes is to give a short introduction to the theory of orthogonal rational functions (ORF) on the unit circle. We start with the classical problem of linear prediction of a stochastic process to give a motivation for the study of Szegő’s problem and to show that in this context it will turn out that not as much the ORF but rather the reproducing kernels will play a central role. Another example of rational Krylov iteration shows that it might also be interesting to consider ORF on the real line, which we shall not discuss in these lectures.

In a second part we will show that most of the results of the scalar case thanslate easily to the case of matrix valued orthogonal rational functions (MORF).

There are however many aspects that are intimately related to these ideas that we do not touch upon like continued fractions, Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation, moment problems, and many other aspects of what is generally known as Schur analysis.status: publishe
Volumetric spatiotemporal data model

This paper summarizes the Volumetric Spatiotemporal Data Model which has been developed to manage surface movement in the Virtual Geographical Information Systems (VGIS). Volumetric is one type of spatial object in the VGIS, which is used to develop visualize 3D information. In order to develop real process in VGIS, temporal element is an important issue to integrate with 3D object. Here, we propose one spatiotemporal data model used to manage volumetric surface movement according to movement criteria used in VGIS. Time has been integrated with the data model and temporal version of volumetric surface data can be stored by using the model. This model has been implemented by developing prototype of visualization system using Triangulation Irregular Network (TIN) with integrated time in the TIN structure. Result shows that the data model which has been proposed can work with a visualization algorithm using linear interpolation and improvement TIN structure
Decoherence of fermions subject to a quantum bath

The destruction of quantum-mechanical phase coherence by a fluctuating
quantum bath has been investigated mostly for a single particle. However, for
electronic transport through disordered samples and mesoscopic interference
setups, we have to treat a many-fermion system subject to a quantum bath. Here,
we review a novel technique for treating this situation in the case of
ballistic interferometers, and discuss its application to the electronic
Mach-Zehnder setup. We use the results to bring out the main features of
decoherence in a many-fermion system, and briefly discuss the same ideas in the
context of weak localization.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures; invited talk at the German March Meeting 2006; to
  be published in "Advances in Solid State Physics", Vol. 46, ed. R. Haug,
  Springer 2006; for more details see recent paper cond-mat/0604458 or
  http://www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~florian
Correlation effects on electronic transport through dots and wires

We investigate how two-particle interactions affect the electronic transport
through meso- and nanoscopic systems of two different types: quantum dots with
local Coulomb correlations and quasi one-dimensional quantum wires of
interacting electrons. A recently developed functional renormalization group
scheme is used that allows to investigate systems of complex geometry.
Considering simple setups we show that the method includes the essential
aspects of Luttinger liquid physics (one-dimensional wires) as well as of the
physics of local correlations, with the Kondo effect being an important
example. For more complex systems of coupled dots and Y-junctions of
interacting wires we find surprising new correlation effects.Comment: to appear in "Advances in Solid State Physics" Volume 46, Ed. R. Haug
  (Springer, 2006
Quantum-dot spin qubit and hyperfine interaction

We review our investigation of the spin dynamics for two electrons confined
to a double quantum dot under the influence of the hyperfine interaction
between the electron spins and the surrounding nuclei. Further we propose a
scheme to narrow the distribution of difference in polarization between the two
dots in order to suppress hyperfine induced decoherence.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures; Presented as plenary talk at the annual DPG
  meeting 2006, Dresden (to appear in Advances in Solid State Physics vol. 46,
  2006
A Quality-Aware Approach to Web Services Procurement

Web services bring programmers a new way to develop advanced applications
able to integrate any group of services on the Internet into a single
solution. Web services procurement (WSP) is focussed on the acquisition of web
services, including some complex tasks such as the specification of demands, the
search for available offers, and the best choice selection. Although the technology
to support them already exists, there are only a few approaches wherein qualityof-
service in demands and offers is taken into account, in addition to functionality.
In this paper, we present some implementation issues on a quality-aware
approach to WSP, whose solution is mainly based on using mathematical constraints
to define quality-of-service in demands and offers.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC2000-1106-C02-01Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología FIT-150100-2001-78Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha PCB-02-00
Evolvability of the gentotype-phenotype relation in populations of self-replicating digital organisms in a Tierra-like system

"The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com" Copyright SpringerIn other Tierra-like systems the genotype is a sequence of instructions and the phenotype is the corresponding executed algorithm. This way the genotype-phenotype mapping is constrained by the structure of a creature???s processor, and this structure was fixed for an evolutionary scenario in previous systems. Our approach here is to put the mapping under evolutionary control. We use a universal processor (analogous to a universal Turing-machine) and put the structural description of the creature???s processor as well as the instruction set of the actual processor into the organism???s genome. The life-cycle of an organism begins with building its actual processor, then the organism can start executing instructions in the rest of its genome with the newly built processor. Since the definitions of the processors and instruction sets are in the genome, they are subject to mutations and heritable variation enabling their evolution. In this work we investigate the evolutionary development of the processor structures. In evolving populations, changes in the components (registers, stacks, queues), variations in instruction-set size and the redefinition of the instructions can be observed during experiments
Bayesian treatment of incomplete discrete data applied to mutual information and feature selection

Given the joint chances of a pair of random variables one can
compute quantities of interest, like the mutual information. The Bayesian
treatment of unknown chances involves computing, from a second order
prior distribution and the data likelihood, a posterior distribution of the
chances. A common treatment of incomplete data is to assume ignorability
and determine the chances by the expectation maximization (EM)
algorithm. The two different methods above are well established but
typically separated. This paper joins the two approaches in the case of
Dirichlet priors, and derives efficient approximations for the mean, mode
and the (co)variance of the chances and the mutual information. Furthermore,
we prove the unimodality of the posterior distribution, whence the
important property of convergence of EM to the global maximum in the
chosen framework. These results are applied to the problem of selecting
features for incremental learning and naive Bayes classification. A fast
filter based on the distribution of mutual information is shown to outperform
the traditional filter based on empirical mutual information on
a number of incomplete real data sets.This work was supported in parts by the NSF grants 2000-61847.00 and 2100-
067961.02
The design and development of a scanning monochromator-based optical spectrum analyser for use in the near-ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral region

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy at Loughborough University.This Thesis contains copies of separate publications. It has been redacted for reasons relating to the law of copyright. For more information please contact the author.See also: ANGUS, R., 1980. A scanning spectrophotometer: design and applications, Optical Spectra, 14 (8), pp.49–51.See also: HEEKE, G., 1982. A measurement system for otoscopic spectroscopy in vivo. IN: Von Bally, G., and Greguss, P. (eds,). Optics in Biomedical Sciences. (Springer Series in Optical Sciences; vol. 31.) Berlin: Springer, pp.176–180. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39455-6_36.The design and development of an inexpensive and versa tile optical\ud
spectrum analysis system is described from conception through to commercial\ud
production.\ud
Based on a novel scanning monochromator, which uses a continuously\ud
rotating diffraction grating as the wavelength dispersing component, the system\ud
is capable of rapid spectral scanning in the near ultraviolet to near infrared\ud
spectral region. A range of optical detectors and gratings may be used to\ud
optimise the sensitivity within this wavelength region. The system is presently\ud
capable of achieving a 2nm wavelength resolution in the 200nm to 1100nm range\ud
and a 5nm resolution in the infrared up to 1800nm. Furthermore the spectral\ud
scanning-and-wavelength identification techniques employed make it possible to\ud
repeatedly scan a complete UV/visible or near infrared spectrum once every 60ms\ud
whilst achieving a wavelength measurement accuracy of 1nm.\ud
The spectral data generated by the scanning monochromator may be\ud
displayed in real-time on a standard laboratory oscilloscope, plotted on a chart\ud
recorder, or monitored at discrete wavelengths on an analogue meter.\ud
Alternatively a complete spectrum may be sampled, digitized, and then\ud
transferred to a desk top computer for data processing. The latter technique\ud
makes it possible for example to rapidly determine the true spectral power\ud
distribution of steady state or repetitively triggered flash lamp-sources, and the\ud
transmission arid absorbance spectra of samples illuminated at the input.\ud
Applications range from the use of the basic scanning monochromator\ud
module as an educational tool for illustrating spectral phenomena to science\ud
students, to the use of the computerised instrument as part of an industrial\ud
measurement, quality assurance, or process-control system.\ud
A copy of an article published in 1980 which describes the basic design\ud
features of the Mk I optical spectrum analyser system; a copy of a paper given in\ud
1981 by G. Heeke, Univ. of Munster, Fed. Rep. of Germany, illustrating a\ud
research application of the basic scanning monochromator; and two data sheets\ud
which summarise the specifications of the Mk I and Mk II systems are enclosed in\ud
a pocket inside the back cover of this thesis
A Feature Analysis Framework for Evaluating Multi-Agent System Development Methodologies

This paper proposes a comprehensive and multi-dimensional feature analysis framework for evaluating and comparing methodologies for developing multi-agent systems (MAS). Developed from a synthesis of various existing evaluation frameworks, the novelty of our framework lies in the high degree of its completeness and the relevance of its evaluation criteria. The paper also presents a pioneering effort in identifying the standard steps and concepts to be supported by a MAS-development process and models
On the existence and convergence of computable universal priors

Solomonoff unified Occam’s razor and Epicurus’ principle of multiple explanations to one elegant, formal, universal theory of inductive inference, which initiated the field of algorithmic information theory. His central result is that the posterior of his universal semimeasure M converges rapidly to the true sequence generating posterior μ, if the latter is computable. Hence, M is eligible as a universal predictor in case of unknown μ. We investigate the existence and convergence of computable universal (semi)measures for a hierarchy of computability classes: finitely computable, estimable, enumerable, and approximable. For instance, M is known to be enumerable, but not finitely computable, and to dominate all enumerable semimeasures. We define seven classes of (semi)measures based on these four computability concepts. Each class may or may not contain a (semi)measure which dominates all elements of another class. The analysis of these 49 cases can be reduced to four basic cases, two of them being new. We also investigate more closely the types of convergence, possibly implied by universality: in difference and in ratio, with probability 1, in mean sum, and for Martin-Löf random sequences. We introduce a generalized concept of randomness for individual sequences and use it to exhibit difficulties regarding these issues
A mobile agent manager

Friendliness on user interfaces has been mostly forgot in mobile agent research. In fact the multitude of problems that have to be solved have left this more "simple" piece of the package out of target. However, the success of technology comes also from this important layer in the product development. This paper describes an application that integrates monitoring data from the mobile agents environment, process and presents information in different ways according to different user requirements and allows the user to remotely control mobile agents entities