pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Intra-epithelial neutrophils in paediatric severe asthma are associated with better lung function

BACKGROUND: Neutrophils and IL-17A have been linked mechanistically in models of allergic airways disease and have been associated with asthma severity. However, their role in paediatric asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of neutrophils and the IL-17A pathway in mediating paediatric severe therapy resistant asthma (STRA). METHODS: Children with STRA (n=51, age 12.6 (6 -16.3) years) and non-asthmatic controls (n=15, age 4.75 (1.6-16) years) underwent clinically indicated fiberoptic bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial brushings and biopsy. Neutrophils, IL-17A and IL-17RA expressing cells and levels of IL-17A and IL-22 were quantified in BAL and biopsies and related to clinical features. Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) were stimulated with IL-17A and/or IL-22, with and without Budesonide. RESULTS: Children with STRA had increased intra-epithelial neutrophils, which positively correlated with FEV1 %predicted (r=0.43, p=0.008). Neutrophil-high patients also had better symptom control, despite lower dose maintenance inhaled steroids. Submucosal neutrophils were not increased in STRA. Submucosal and epithelial IL-17A positive cells and BAL IL-17A and IL-22 levels were similar in STRA and controls. However, there were significantly more IL-17RA positive cells in the submucosa and epithelium in children with STRA compared to controls (p=0.001). Stimulation of PBECs with IL-17A enhanced mRNA expression of IL-17RA and increased release of IL-8, even in the presence of Budesonide. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of children with STRA exhibit increased intra-epithelial airway neutrophilia that correlated with better lung function. STRA was additionally characterised by increased airway IL-17RA expression. These data suggest a potential beneficial rather than adverse role for neutrophils in paediatric severe asthma pathophysiology
Mass Spectrometry Identification of Age-associated Proteins from the Malaria Mosquitoes Anopheles Gambiae s.s. and Anopheles Stephensi.

This study investigated proteomic changes occurring in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi during adult mosquito aging. These changes were evaluated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and the identities of aging related proteins were determined using capillary high-pressure liquid chromatography (capHPLC) coupled with a linear ion-trap (LTQ)-Orbitrap XL hybrid mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we have described the techniques used to determine age associated proteomic changes occurring in heads and thoraces across three age groups; 1, 9 and 17 d old A. gambiae and 4 age groups; 1, 9, 17 and 34 d old A. stephensi. We have provided normalised spot volume raw data for all protein spots that were visible on 2D-DIGE images for both species and processed Orbitrap mass spectrometry data. For public access, mass spectrometry raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002153. A detailed description of this study has been described elsewhere [1]
Search for supersymmetry with jets, missing transverse momentum and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for production of supersymmetric particles in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 2.05 fb[superscript −1] of data. The results are interpreted in the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models with M[subscript mess] = 250 TeV, N[subscript 5] = 3, μ > 0, and C[subscript grav] = 1. The production of supersymmetric particles is excluded at 95% C.L. up to a supersymmetry breaking scale Λ = 30 TeV, independent of tanβ, and up to Λ = 43 TeV for large tanβ.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in the lepton + jets channel in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search is presented for standard model (SM) production of four top quarks (tt¯tt¯) in pp collisions in the lepton + jets channel. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb[superscript −1] recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The expected cross section for SM tt¯tt¯ production is σSMtt¯tt¯≈1fb . A combination of kinematic reconstruction and multivariate techniques is used to distinguish between the small signal and large background. The data are consistent with expectations of the SM, and an upper limit of 32 fb is set at a 95% confidence level on the cross section for producing four top quarks in the SM, where a limit of 32 ± 17 fb is expected.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of Energ
Does the canopy mixing layer model apply to highly flexible aquatic vegetation? Insights from numerical modelling

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Vegetation is a characteristic feature of shallow aquatic flows such as rivers, lakes and coastal waters. Flow through and above aquatic vegetation canopies is commonly described using a canopy mixing layer analogy which provides a canonical framework for assessing key hydraulic characteristics such as velocity profiles, large-scale coherent turbulent structures and mixing and transport processes for solutes and sediments. This theory is well developed for the case of semi-rigid terrestrial vegetation and has more recently been applied to the case of aquatic vegetation. However, aquatic vegetation often displays key differences in morphology and biomechanics to terrestrial vegetation due to the different environment it inhabits. Here we investigate the effect of plant morphology and biomechanical properties on flow-vegetation interactions through the application of a coupled LES-Biomechanical model. We present results from two simulations of aquatic vegetated flows: one assuming a semi-rigid canopy and the other a highly flexible canopy and provide a comparison of the associated flow regimes. Our results show that while both cases display canopy mixing layers, there are also clear differences in the shear layer characteristics and turbulent processes between the two, suggesting that the semi-rigid approximation may not provide a complete representation of flow-vegetation interactions
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s=8  TeV

A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in events containing a pair of high-p T   leptons of the same charge and high-p T   jets is presented. The search uses 20.3fb⁻¹ of pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8  TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis based on the Standard Model expectation. In the context of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio for production of heavy Majorana neutrinos in the mass range between 100 and 500 GeV. The limits are subsequently interpreted as limits on the mixing between the heavy Majorana neutrinos and the Standard Model neutrinos. In the context of a left-right symmetric model, limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio are set with respect to the masses of heavy Majorana neutrinos and heavy gauge bosons W R and Z ′
Prospects of herbivore egg-killing plant defenses for sustainable crop protection

Due to a growing demand of food production worldwide, new strategies are suggested to allow for sustainable production of food with minimal effects on natural resources. A promising alternative to the application of chemical pesticides is the implementation of crops resistant to insect pests. Plants produce compounds that are harmful to a wide range of attackers, including insect pests; thus, exploitation of their natural defense system can be the key for the development of pest-resistant crops. Interestingly, some plants possess a unique first line of defense that eliminates the enemy before it becomes destructive: egg-killing. Insect eggs can trigger (1) direct defenses, mostly including plant cell tissue growth or cell death that lead to eggs desiccating, being crushed or falling off the plant or (2) indirect defenses, plant chemical cues recruiting natural enemies that kill the egg or hatching larvae (parasitoids). The consequences of plant responses to eggs are that insect larvae do not hatch or that they are impeded in development, and damage to the plant is reduced. Here, we provide an overview on the ubiquity and evolutionary history of egg-killing traits within the plant kingdom including crops. Up to now, little is known on the mechanisms and on the genetic basis of egg-killing traits. Making use of egg-killing defense traits in crops is a promising new way to sustainably reduce losses of crop yield. We provide suggestions for new breeding strategies to grow egg-killing crops and improve biological control
Staff-student Partnership in Practice in Higher Education: The Impact on Learning and Teaching

AbstractThis staff-student collaborative project involved six small project teams each composed of staff and undergraduate students studying within the University of Hertfordshire, UK. Each project team engaged in a mini-project designed to research an aspect of learning and teaching to develop learning and teaching and to enhance students’ employability skills. The ‘student researchers’ from the small project teams were also members of a larger coaching group that met with the project lead and other experienced colleagues and undertook joint enquiry. Students used reflective logs as one means of recording data on their developing employability skills and their learning from the project. Evaluation activities included documentation of all coaching group workshops and collecting quantitative and qualitative data for each learning and teaching research project. The usefulness of this data was evaluated by staff members in relation to its impact on their module planning. The main implication of this approach is that staff-student partnership in learning and teaching has a significant impact on learning and teaching development and enhancement, learning to learn, raising the profile of research into learning and teaching, and employability skills and attributes. The student researchers came to a much deeper understanding of learning and teaching, and became much more aware of their responsibility for their own learning and committed to enhancing the learning of others. Members of staff noted that working with students had been ‘extremely inspirational’- seeing students work with other students and what they could achieve that could not be achieved by members of staff
Spectral properties of transition metal pnictides and chalcogenides: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and dynamical mean-field theory

AbstractElectronic Coulomb correlations lead to characteristic signatures in the spectroscopy of transition metal pnictides and chalcogenides: quasi-particle renormalizations, lifetime effects or incoherent badly metallic behavior above relatively low coherence temperatures are measures of many-body effects due to local Hubbard and Hund's couplings. We review and compare the results of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments (ARPES) and of combined density functional/dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) calculations. We emphasize the doping-dependence of the quasi-particle mass renormalization and coherence properties
Urochordate βγ-Crystallin and the Evolutionary Origin of the Vertebrate Eye Lens

SummaryA refracting lens is a key component of our image-forming camera eye; however, its evolutionary origin is unknown because precursor structures appear absent in nonvertebrates [1]. The vertebrate βγ-crystallin genes encode abundant structural proteins critical for the function of the lens [2]. We show that the urochordate Ciona intestinalis, which split from the vertebrate lineage before the evolution of the lens, has a single gene coding for a single domain monomeric βγ-crystallin. The crystal structure of Ciona βγ-crystallin is very similar to that of a vertebrate βγ-crystallin domain, except for paired, occupied calcium binding sites. The Ciona βγ-crystallin is only expressed in the palps and in the otolith, the pigmented sister cell of the light-sensing ocellus. The Ciona βγ-crystallin promoter region targeted expression to the visual system, including lens, in transgenic Xenopus tadpoles. We conclude that the vertebrate βγ-crystallins evolved from a single domain protein already expressed in the neuroectoderm of the prevertebrate ancestor. The conservation of the regulatory hierarchy controlling βγ-crystallin expression between organisms with and without a lens shows that the evolutionary origin of the lens was based on co-option of pre-existing regulatory circuits controlling the expression of a key structural gene in a primitive light-sensing system
Strong gravitational lensing in a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein Gödel black hole

AbstractIn this Letter we investigate the strong gravitational lansing in a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein Gödel black hole. The deflection angle is considered by the logarithmic term proposed by Bozza et al. Then we study the variation of deflection angle and its parameters a¯ and b¯. We suppose that the supermassive black hole in the galaxy center can be considered by a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein black hole in a Gödel background. Then by the relations between lensing parameters and observables, we estimate the observables for different values of charge, extra dimension and Gödel parameters
The Glashow resonance in neutrino–photon scattering

AbstractReactions νlγ→W+l− (l=e,μ,τ) near the threshold s=mW+ml are analyzed. Two independent calculations of the corresponding cross sections (straightforward calculations using the Standard Electroweak Lagrangian and calculations in the framework of the parton model) are compared. It is shown that the Standard Electroweak Theory strongly suggests that these reactions proceed via the Glashow resonances. Accordingly, a hypothesis that the on-shell W bosons in the reactions νlγ→W+l− are the Glashow resonances is put forward. A role of these reactions for testing T symmetry is discussed. A model with T-violating Glashow resonances for description of the distribution of the TeV–PeV neutrino events recently observed by the IceCube Collaboration is presented
Pairs of SAT-assignments in random Boolean formulæ

AbstractWe investigate geometrical properties of the random K-satisfiability problem using the notion of x-satisfiability: a formula is x-satisfiable is there exist two SAT-assignments differing in Nx variables. We show the existence of a sharp threshold for this property as a function of the clause density. For large enough K, we prove that there exists a region of clause density, below the satisfiability threshold, where the landscape of Hamming distances between SAT-assignments experiences a gap: pairs of SAT-assignments exist at small x, and around x=12, but they do not exist at intermediate values of x. This result is consistent with the clustering scenario which is at the heart of the recent heuristic analysis of satisfiability using statistical physics analysis (the cavity method), and its algorithmic counterpart (the survey propagation algorithm). Our method uses elementary probabilistic arguments (first and second moment methods), and might be useful in other problems of computational and physical interest where similar phenomena appear
Single-spin asymmetries in the leptoproduction of transversely polarized Λ hyperons

AbstractWe analyze single-spin asymmetries (SSAs) in the leptoproduction of transversely polarized Λ hyperons within the collinear twist-3 formalism. We calculate both the distribution and fragmentation terms in two different gauges (lightcone and Feynman) and show that the results are identical. This is the first time that the fragmentation piece has been analyzed for transversely polarized hadron production within the collinear twist-3 framework. In lightcone gauge we use the same techniques that were employed in computing the analogous piece in p↑p→πX, which has become an important part to that reaction. With this in mind, we also verify the gauge invariance of the formulas for the transverse SSA in the leptoproduction of pions
Effect of intermittent pneumatic compression on disability, living circumstances, quality of life, and hospital costs after stroke: secondary analyses from CLOTS 3, a randomised trial

SummaryBackgroundThe results of the CLOTS 3 trial showed that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) reduced the risk of deep vein thrombosis and improved survival in immobile patients with stroke. IPC is now being widely used in stroke units. Here we describe the disability, living circumstances, quality of life, and hospital costs of patients in CLOTS 3.MethodsIn CLOTS 3, a parallel group trial in 94 UK hospitals, immobile patients with stroke from days 0 to 3 of admission were assigned with a computer-generated allocation sequence in a 1:1 ratio to IPC or no IPC through a central randomisation system. We followed up patients at about 6 months with postal or telephone questionnaire to assess the secondary endpoints: disability (Oxford Handicap Scale [OHS]), living circumstances, health-related quality of life (EQ5D-3L), and hospital costs (based on use of IPC and length of hospital stay). Patients and carers who completed the postal questionnaires were not masked to treatment allocation, but telephone follow-up in non-responders was masked. All analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN93529999.FindingsBetween Dec 8, 2008, and Sept 6, 2012, we enrolled 2876 patients, with 1438 in each group. Despite the previously reported reduction in the risk of proximal deep vein thrombosis at 30 days (primary endpoint), there were no significant differences in disability (OHS 0–2 vs 3–6, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0·98, 95% CI 0·80 to 1·19, p=0·83; adjusted ordinal analysis common OR 0·97, 95% CI 0·86 to 1·11), living circumstances (institutional care vs not; adjusted OR 1·11, 95% CI 0·89 to 1·37; p=0·358), or health-related quality of life (median utility value 0·26, IQR −0·07 to 0·66 with IPC, and 0·27, −0·06 to 0·64, with no IPC; p=0·952). The estimated cost of IPC was £64·10 per patient (SD 28·3). The direct costs of preventing a deep vein thrombosis and death were £1282 (95% CI 785 to 3077) and £2756 (1346 to not estimable), respectively, with IPC. Hospital costs increased by £451 with IPC compared with no IPC because of a longer stay in hospital (mean 44·5 days [SD 37·6] vs 42·8 days [37·2]; mean difference 1·8 days, 95% CI −1·0 to 4·5). By 6 months, despite an increase in survival (IPC 152·5 days [SD 60·6] vs no IPC 148·1 days [64·3]; mean difference 4·5 days, 95% CI −0·2 to 9·1), there was a non-significant increase in quality-adjusted survival associated with IPC (IPC 27·6 days [SD 40·6] vs no IPC 26·7 days [39·6]; mean difference 0·9 days, 95% CI −2·1 to 3·9).InterpretationIPC is inexpensive, prevents deep vein thrombosis, improves survival but not functional outcomes, and does not lead to a significant gain in quality-adjusted survival. When deciding whether to treat patients with IPC, clinicians need to take into account all these potential effects.FundingNational Institute of Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme, Chief Scientist Office of Scottish Government, and Covidien
On the irrelevance of the Gribov issue in N=4 Super Yang–Mills in the Landau gauge

AbstractThe issue of the Gribov copies is discussed in Euclidean N=4 Super Yang–Mills theory quantized in the Landau gauge. As a consequence of the absence of a renormalization group invariant scale, it turns out that it is not possible to attach a dynamical meaning to the Gribov parameter. This implies that, in N=4 Super Yang–Mills, there is no need for the restriction of the domain of integration in the functional integral to the Gribov region, and no non-perturbative dynamical scale is generated. This result is in agreement with the absence of a confining phase observed from the Coulomb behavior of the Wilson loop evaluated through the AdS/CFT correspondence. The non-renormalization theorem of the gluon–ghost–antighost vertex of the Landau gauge is also explicitly checked till three loops
Notes on the genus Trachyandra (Asphodelaceae: Asphodeloideae) 1: A review of the T. thyrsoidea group (Section Trachyandra), including three new species from the Northern Cape

AbstractThree new species of the genus Trachyandra are described, T. hantamensis Boatwr. & J.C.Manning, T. kamiesbergensis Boatwr. & J.C.Manning and T. sanguinorhiza Boatwr. & J.C.Manning. These species form part of a group of morphologically similar species referred to here as the T. thyrsoidea group and are distinguished by their generally small stature, filiform leaves (except for T. tortilis), and simple or shortly branched racemes of patent flowers with maculate tepals. Many of the species in the group have roots that contain abundant anthraquinones, visible as a red substance below the outer skin of the roots, and which is soluble in alcohol, thus often staining herbarium papers purple. A synopsis of the eight species that comprise the T. thyrsoidea group is presented, with maps of each species and illustrations of those described as new
ALE spaces from noncommutative U(1) instantons via exact Seiberg–Witten map

AbstractThe exact Seiberg–Witten (SW) map of a noncommutative (NC) gauge theory gives the commutative equivalent as an ordinary gauge theory coupled to a field dependent effective metric. We study instanton solutions of this commutative equivalent whose self-duality equation turns out to be the exact SW map of NC instantons. We derive general differential equations governing U(1) instantons and we explicitly get an exact solution corresponding to the single NC instanton. Remarkably the effective metric induced by the single U(1) instanton is related to the Eguchi–Hanson metric—the simplest gravitational instanton. Surprisingly the instanton number is not quantized but depends on an integration constant. Our result confirms the expected non-perturbative breakdown of the SW map. However, the breakdown of the map arises in a consistent way: the instanton number plays the role of a parameter giving rise to a one-parameter family of Eguchi–Hanson metrics
Magic neutrino mass matrix and the Bjorken–Harrison–Scott parameterization

AbstractObserved neutrino mixing can be described by a tribimaximal MNS matrix. The resulting neutrino mass matrix in the basis of a diagonal charged lepton mass matrix is both 2–3 symmetric and magic. By a magic matrix, I mean one whose row sums and column sums are all identical. I study what happens if 2–3 symmetry is broken but the magic symmetry is kept intact. In that case, the mixing matrix is parameterized by a single complex parameter Ue3, in a form discussed recently by Bjorken, Harrison, and Scott