pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
First light of the VLT planet finder SPHERE. IV. Physical and chemical
  properties of the planets around HR8799

The system of four planets around HR8799 offers a unique opportunity to probe
the physics and chemistry at play in the atmospheres of self-luminous young
(~30 Myr) planets. We recently obtained new photometry of the four planets and
low-resolution (R~30) spectra of HR8799 d and e with the SPHERE instrument
(paper III). In this paper (paper IV), we compare the available spectra and
photometry of the planets to known objects and atmospheric models (BT-SETTL14,
Cloud-AE60, Exo-REM) to characterize the atmospheric properties of the planets.
We find that HR8799d and e properties are well reproduced by those of L6-L8
dusty dwarfs discovered in the field, among which some are candidate members of
young nearby associations. No known object reproduces well the properties of
planets b and c. Nevertheless, we find that the spectra and WISE photometry of
peculiar and/or young early-T dwarfs reddened by submicron grains made of
corundum, iron, enstatite, or forsterite successfully reproduce the SED of
these two planets. Our analysis confirms that only the Exo-REM models with
thick clouds fit (within 2{\sigma}) the whole set of spectrophotometric
datapoints available for HR8799 d and e for Teff = 1200 K, log g in the range
3.0-4.5, and M/H=+0.5. The models still fail to reproduce the SED of HR8799c
and b. The determination of the metallicity, log g, and cloud thickness are
degenerate. We conclude that an enhanced content in dust and decreased CIA of
H2 is certainly responsible for the deviation of the properties of the planet
with respect to field dwarfs. The analysis suggests in addition that HR8799c
and b have later spectral types than the two other planets, and therefore could
both have lower masses.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic
The continuum limit of $a_{N-1}^{(2)}$ spin chains

Building on our previous work for $a_2^{(2)}$ and $a_3^{(2)}$ we explore
systematically the continuum limit of gapless $a_{N-1}^{(2)}$ vertex models and
spin chains. We find the existence of three possible regimes. Regimes I and II
for $a_{2n-1}^{(2)}$ are related with $a_{2n-1}^{(2)}$ Toda, and described by
$n$ compact bosons. Regime I for $a_{2n}^{(2)}$ is related with $a_{2n}^{(2)}$
Toda and involves $n$ compact bosons, while regime II is related instead with
$B^{(1)}(0,n)$ super Toda, and involves in addition a single Majorana fermion.
The most interesting is regime III, where {\sl non-compact} degrees of freedom
appear, generalising the emergence of the Euclidean black hole CFT in the
$a_{2}^{(2)}$ case. For $a_{2n}^{(2)}$ we find a continuum limit made of $n$
compact and $n$ non-compact bosons, while for $a_{2n-1}^{(2)}$ we find $n$
compact and $n-1$ non-compact bosons. We also find deep relations between
$a_{N-1}^{(2)}$ in regime III and the gauged WZW models $SO(N)/SO(N-1)$.Comment: 43 pages, 4 figure
Multiplicity dependence of charged pion, kaon, and (anti)proton
  production at large transverse momentum in p-Pb collisions at
  $\mathbf{\sqrt{{\textit s}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The production of charged pions, kaons and (anti)protons has been measured at
mid-rapidity ($-0.5 < y < 0$) in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$
TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Exploiting particle identification
capabilities at high transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$), the previously
published $p_{\rm T}$ spectra have been extended to include measurements up to
20 GeV/$c$ for seven event multiplicity classes. The $p_{\rm T}$ spectra for pp
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, needed to interpolate a pp reference spectrum,
have also been extended up to 20 GeV/$c$ to measure the nuclear modification
factor ($R_{\rm pPb}$) in non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions. At
intermediate transverse momentum ($2 < p_{\rm T} < 10$\,GeV/$c$) the
proton-to-pion ratio increases with multiplicity in p-Pb collisions, a similar
effect is not present in the kaon-to-pion ratio. The $p_{\rm T}$ dependent
structure of such increase is qualitatively similar to those observed in pp and
heavy-ion collisions. At high $p_{\rm T}$ ($>10$ GeV/$c$), the particle ratios
are consistent with those reported for pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
energies. At intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ the (anti)proton $R_{\rm pPb}$ shows a
Cronin-like enhancement, while pions and kaons show little or no nuclear
modification. At high $p_{\rm T}$ the charged pion, kaon and (anti)proton
$R_{\rm pPb}$ are consistent with unity within statistical and systematic
uncertainties.Comment: 26 pages, 12 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 21,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/225
Pattern recognition on the quantum Bloch sphere

We introduce a framework suitable for describing pattern recognition task
using the mathematical language of density matrices. In particular, we provide
a one-to-one correspondence between patterns and pure density operators. This
correspondence enables us to: i) represent the Nearest Mean Classifier (NMC) in
terms of quantum objects, ii) introduce a Quantum Classifier (QC). By comparing
the QC with the NMC on different 2D datasets, we show the first classifier can
provide additional information that are particularly beneficial on a classical
computer with respect to the second classifier
Are LGRBs biased tracers of star formation? Clues from the host galaxies
  of the Swift/BAT6 complete sample of bright LGRBs. II: star formation rates
  and metallicities at z < 1

Long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are associated with the deaths of massive stars
and could thus be a potentially powerful tool to trace cosmic star formation.
However, especially at low redshifts (z < 1.5) LGRBs seem to prefer particular
types of environment. Our aim is to study the host galaxies of a complete
sample of bright LGRBs to investigate the impact of the environment on GRB
formation. We study host galaxy spectra of the Swift/BAT6 complete sample of 14
z < 1 bright LGRBs. We use the detected nebular emission lines to measure the
dust extinction, star formation rate (SFR) and nebular metallicity (Z) of the
hosts and supplement the data set with previously measured stellar masses
M$_{\star}$. The distributions of the obtained properties and their
interrelations (e.g. mass-metallicity and SFR-M$_{\star}$ relations) are
compared to samples of field star-forming galaxies.We find that LGRB hosts at z
< 1 have on average lower SFRs than if they were direct star-formation tracers.
By directly comparing metallicity distributions of LGRB hosts and star-forming
galaxies, we find a good match between the two populations up to Z $\sim
8.4-8.5$, after which the paucity of metal-rich LGRB hosts becomes apparent.
The LGRB host galaxies of our complete sample are not inconsistent with the
mass-metallicity relation at similar mean redshift and stellar masses. The
cutoff against high metallicities (and high masses) can explain the low SFR
values of LGRB hosts. We find a hint of increased incidence of starburst
galaxies in the Swift/BAT6 z < 1 sample with respect to that of a field
star-forming population. Given that the SFRs are low on average, the latter is
ascribed to low stellar masses. Nevertheless the limits on the completeness and
metallicity availability of current surveys, coupled with the limited number of
LGRB host galaxies, prevent us from reaching more quantitative conclusions.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Pseudorapidity dependence of the anisotropic flow of charged particles
  in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV

We present measurements of the elliptic ($\mathrm{v}_2$), triangular
($\mathrm{v}_3$) and quadrangular ($\mathrm{v}_4$) anisotropic azimuthal flow
over a wide range of pseudorapidities ($-3.5< \eta < 5$). The measurements are
performed with Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}} = 2.76$ TeV using the
ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The flow harmonics are
obtained using two- and four-particle correlations from nine different
centrality intervals covering central to peripheral collisions. We find that
the shape of $\mathrm{v}_n(\eta)$ is largely independent of centrality for the
flow harmonics $n=2-4$, however the higher harmonics fall off more steeply with
increasing $|\eta|$. We assess the validity of extended longitudinal scaling of
$\mathrm{v}_2$ by comparing to lower energy measurements, and find that the
higher harmonic flow coefficients are proportional to the charged particle
densities at larger pseudorapidities. Finally, we compare our measurements to
both hydrodynamical and transport models, and find they both have challenges
when it comes to describing our data.Comment: 22 pages, 8 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/269
Phases of kinky holographic nuclear matter

Holographic QCD at finite baryon number density and zero temperature is
studied within the five-dimensional Sakai-Sugimoto model. We introduce a new
approximation that models a smeared crystal of solitonic baryons by assuming
spatial homogeneity to obtain an effective kink theory in the holographic
direction. The kink theory correctly reproduces a first order phase transition
to lightly bound nuclear matter. As the density is further increased the kink
splits into a pair of half-kink constituents, providing a concrete realization
of the previously suggested dyonic salt phase, where the bulk soliton splits
into constituents at high density. The kink model also captures the phenomenon
of baryonic popcorn, in which a first order phase transition generates an
additional soliton layer in the holographic direction. We find that this
popcorn transition takes place at a density below the dyonic salt phase, making
the latter energetically unfavourable. However, the kink model predicts only
one pop, rather than the sequence of pops suggested by previous approximations.
In the kink model the two layers produced by the single pop form the surface of
a soliton bag that increases in size as the baryon chemical potential is
increased. The interior of the bag is filled with abelian electric potential
and the instanton charge density is localized on the surface of the bag. The
soliton bag may provide a holographic description of a quarkyonic phase.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Capturing quantitative zooplankton information in the sea: Performance test of laser optical plankton counter and video plankton recorder in Calanus finmarchicus dominated summer situation

Author's accepted version (postprint).NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Progress in Oceanography (2012). Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Progress in Oceanography (2012), 108. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.005We compared two optical plankton counters, the Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC) and the Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) for their abundance estimates of Calanus finmarchicus during an early summer situation (June 2008) in two North Norwegian fjords. The LOPC was mounted on the VPR frame in order to sample the same body of water. The combined system of LOPC and VPR was operated by vertical profiling from the surface to 100 m of depth in several locations of the fjords representing different blooming conditions and zooplankton community structures. Data from the two instruments, as well as from CTD-F, were logged concurrently and retrieved on deck after about 15 depth profiles. Primary data were analysed according to standard routines, and choices made during sampling and analyses (sampling volume, selection of size range, transparency of particles, statistics) are discussed. Data were averaged for every 5, 10 and 15 m depth bins. The vertical profiles of C. finmarchicus CIV–CVI abundance that were obtained by LOPC and VPR, respectively, showed a striking similarity. No significant differences between profiles sampled by these two instruments were observed when data were binned into 15 m bins. At low abundances (&lt;100 Calanus sp. L−1) profiles were significantly different when data were binned into 5- or 10-m bins. This is attributed to the small sampling volumes of the LOPC and the VPR, and to very patchy distributions of copepods, resulting in a high standard deviation between consecutive profiles. Based on the results we conclude that the time is mature for a more extensive use of optical instruments to estimate zooplankton abundances and distributions in the sea
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on cardiac stress markers after simulated diving.

Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) can protect the heart from injury during subsequent ischemia. The presence of high loads of venous gas emboli (VGE) induced by a rapid ambient pressure reduction on ascent from diving may cause ischemia and acute heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diving-induced VGE formation on cardiac stress marker levels and the cardioprotective effect of HBO-PC. To induce high loads of VGE, 63 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a rapid ambient pressure reduction from a simulated saturation dive (50 min at 709 kPa) in a pressure chamber. VGE loads were measured for 60 min in anesthetized animals by the use of ultrasonography. The animals were divided into five groups. Three groups were exposed to either diving or to HBO-PC (100% oxygen, 38 min at 303 kPa) with a 45 or 180 min interval between HBO-PC and diving. Two additional groups were used as baseline controls for the measurements; one group was exposed to equal handling except for HBO-PC and diving, and the other group was completely unexposed. Diving caused high loads of VGE, as well as elevated levels of the cardiac stress markers, cardiac troponin T (cTnT), natriuretic peptide precursor B (Nppb), and αB-crystallin, in blood and cardiac tissue. There were strong positive correlations between VGE loads and stress marker levels after diving, and HBO-PC appeared to have a cardioprotective effect, as indicated by the lower levels of stress marker expression after diving-induced VGE formation. 


KEYWORDS: 

Cardioprotection, decompression illness, diving, gas embolism, hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning(c) 2013 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Transition from unstable electrostatic confinement to stable magnetic confinement in a helicon reactor operating with Ar/ SF 6 gas mixtures

International audienceTwo types of instabilities were previously identified in inductive discharges having an expanding chamber when negative ions are present: ͑i͒ the source instability, occurring in the neighborhood of the capacitive-to-inductive ͑E to H͒ transition, and ͑ii͒ the downstream instability, which was shown to be the periodic formation and propagation of double layers. These unstable double layers were found over the entire parameter space ͑pressure/power͒ of interest, and they were born at the interface of the source and diffusion chambers. They acted as an internal electrostatic barrier separating a low-electronegativity, high-electron-density plasma upstream ͑in the source͒ and a high-electronegativity, low-electron-density plasma downstream. In this paper we have investigated the effect of adding a static axial magnetic field, classically used to increase the confinement and the plasma heating via helicon wave propagation. This had the following consequences: ͑i͒ the unstable double layers, and therefore the axial electrostatic confinement, were suppressed in a large part of the parameter space, and ͑ii͒ the magnetic confinement leads to a radially stratified plasma, the center being a low-electronegativity, high-density plasma and the edges being essentially an ion-ion plasma
Bifurcation and Stability for Nonlinear SchrödingerEquations with DoubleWell Potential in the SemiclassicalLimit

We consider the stationary solutions for a class of Schrödinger equations witha symmetric double-well potential and a nonlinear perturbation. Here, in the semiclassicallimit we prove that the reduction to a finite-mode approximation give the stationary solutions,up to an exponentially small term, and that symmetry-breaking bifurcation occurs ata given value for the strength of the nonlinear term. The kind of bifurcation picture onlydepends on the nonlinearity power. We then discuss the stability/instability properties ofeach branch of the stationary solutions. Finally, we consider an explicit one-dimensional toymodel where the double well potential is given by means of a couple of attractive Dirac’sdelta pointwise interactions
On the universality of thermodynamics and η/s ratio for the charged Lovelock black branes

Abstract: We investigate general features of charged Lovelock black branes by giving a detailed description of geometrical, thermodynamic and holographic properties of charged Gauss-Bonnet (GB) black branes in five dimensions. We show that when expressed in terms of effective physical parameters, the thermodynamic behaviour of charged GB black branes is completely indistinguishable from that of charged Einstein black branes. Moreover, the extremal, near-horizon limit of the two classes of branes is exactly the same as they allow for the same AdS2 × R3, near-horizon, exact solution. This implies that, although in the UV the associated dual QFTs are different, they flow in the IR to the same fixed point. The calculation of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio η/s confirms these results. Despite the GB dual plasma has in general a non-universal temperature-dependent η/s, it flows monotonically to the universal value 1/4π in the IR. For negative (positive) GB coupling constant, η/s is an increasing (decreasing) function of the temperature and the flow respects (violates) the KSS bound
A meta-model framework for grinding simulation

When considering the mechanics of grinding, several physical phenomena have to be modeled, each one having effect on the resulting grinding forces, wheel and workpiece geometry. Depending on the analyzed problem, some dependencies can be neglected to privilege some aspects instead of others. Nevertheless, all models essentially start considering wheel-workpiece engagement and the corresponding material removal (both wheel and workpiece side), deriving the forces by means of energy balances and/or shear mechanics. The meta-model proposed in this paper represents a general framework conceived for providing a time-domain simulation engine based on a dexel representation of wheel and workpiece, capable to “host” all the semi-empirical models existing in literature, where the overall grinding force is the result of the integration of the force contributions associated to the local removal along wheel-workpiece engagement arc. A cascade approach is adopted to solve for forces and displacements the DAEs set describing the dynamic interactions between wheel and workpiece, whereas all the algebraic relationships pertaining to the various specific models are solved in a pre-processing phase, yielding a set of response surfaces that are queried during time integration. Finally, the meta-model framework is instantiated for a model of traverse roll grinding with force-dependent wheel wear
High-throughput drug screening using cell spheroids in superhydrophobic patterned chips

High-throughput studies in biotechnology areas such as drug screening and tissue engineering have been carried out mainly in 2D environment. However, the low clinical and biological relevance of 2D models is well known. Both in tissues and tumor masses, cells lie in a 3D configuration organized in the self-secreted microenvironment: the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this milieu, cells interact in a totally natural manner, without the interaction of foreign factors, such as materials. The demand for studies using organotypic models is increasing, in order to improve the relevance of the findings achieved in these areas of study.
 A solution to create such organotypic models is the in vitro construction of cell spheroids. These are micro-masses of cells formed from a cell suspension, where the attachment of cells to any surface is not promoted. As such, cells tend to attach between themselves and form an organized mass, constituted by cells in combination with ECM. Some types of spheroids are grown in order to mimic tumor models: the living spheroid structure contains a necrotic core, similarly to the native tumors. Cell spheroids are also useful as models for the development of complex microtissues [1], and can also be used as building blocks of larger tissues. Several methods to produce cell spheroids are reported in the literature. The hanging drop method is one of those methods: the cells are pulled to the concave bottom of a hanging droplet by gravity effect, and tend to start the natural organization by cell-cell attachment and production of ECM.
 We propose the use of superhydrophobic surfaces patterned with wettable regions as platforms for the affordable and scale-up production of cell spheroids by the hanging drop method. Moreover, we used the platform - whose wettable regions are transparent and whose drop has its surface totally exposed to the external media allowing its facilitated manipulation – as high-throughput screening platform for drug testing and on-chip cell response analysis by microscopy. For the proof-of-concept we dispensed cell suspensions of distinct cell types (L929 and SaOs-2) with different cell concentrations in the array of wettable regions of the chips. We tested the effect of a cytostatic drug used in clinical practice (doxorubicin), also dispensed in a combinatorial logic in each spot of the chip. By on-chip microscopy analysis we proved the suitability of such platforms for drug screening using tumor-like models