pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial-type planet formation: Comparing different types of initial
  conditions

To study the terrestrial-type planet formation during the post oligarchic
growth, the initial distributions of planetary embryos and planetesimals used
in N-body simulations play an important role. Most of these studies typically
use ad hoc initial distributions based on theoretical and numerical studies. We
analyze the formation of planetary systems without gas giants around solar-type
stars focusing on the sensitivity of the results to the particular initial
distributions of planetesimals and embryos. The formation of terrestrial
planets in the habitable zone (HZ) and their final water contents are topics of
interest. We developed two different sets of N-body simulations from the same
protoplanetary disk. The first set assumes ad hoc initial distributions for
embryos and planetesimals and the second set obtains these distributions from
the results of a semi-analytical model which simulates the evolution of the
gaseous phase of the disk. Both sets form planets in the HZ. Ad hoc initial
conditions form planets in the HZ with masses from $0.66M_{\oplus}$ to
$2.27M_{\oplus}$. More realistic initial conditions obtained from a
semi-analytical model, form planets with masses between $1.18M_{\oplus}$ and
$2.21M_{\oplus}$. Both sets form planets in the HZ with water contents between
4.5% and 39.48% by mass. Those planets with the highest water contents respect
to those with the lowest, present differences regarding the sources of water
supply. We suggest that the number of planets in the HZ is not sensitive to the
particular initial distribution of embryos and planetesimals and thus, the
results are globally similar between both sets. However, the main differences
are associated to the accretion history of the planets in the HZ. These
discrepancies have a direct impact in the accretion of water-rich material and
in the physical characteristics of the resulting planets.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13 pages, 9
  figure
Limit on the production of a new vector boson in $\mathrm{e^+
  e^-}\rightarrow {\rm U}\gamma$, U$\rightarrow \pi^+\pi^-$ with the KLOE
  experiment

The recent interest in a light gauge boson in the framework of an extra U(1)
symmetry motivates searches in the mass range below 1 GeV.
  We present a search for such a particle, the dark photon, in ${\rm e^+
e^-}\rightarrow {\rm U}\gamma$, U$\rightarrow \pi^+\pi^-$ based on 28 million
$\mathrm{e^+ e^-} \rightarrow \pi^+ \pi^-\gamma$ events collected at DA$\Phi$NE
by the KLOE experiment. The $\pi^+ \pi^-$ production by initial-state radiation
compensates for a loss of sensitivity of previous KLOE ${\rm U} \rightarrow
\mathrm{e^+ e^-}$, $\mu^+\mu^-$ searches due to the small branching ratios in
the $\rho-\omega$ resonance region. We found no evidence for a signal and set a
limit at 90\% CL on the mixing strength between the photon and the dark photon,
$\varepsilon^2$, in the U mass range between $527$ and $987$~MeV. Above 700 MeV
this new limit is more stringent than previous ones.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Asymmetric Dark Matter in the Shear--dominated Universe

We explore the relic abundance of asymmetric Dark Matter in shear--dominated
universe in which it is assumed the universe is expanded anisotropically. The
modified expansion rate leaves its imprint on the relic density of asymmetric
Dark Matter particles if the asymmetric Dark Matter particles are decoupled in
shear dominated era. We found the relic abundances for particle and
anti--particle are increased. The particle and anti--particle abundances are
almost in the same amount for the larger value of the shear factor $x_e$ which
makes the indirect detection possible for asymmetric Dark Matter. We use the
present day Dark Matter density from the observation to find the constraints on
the parameter space in this model.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Superconformal SU(1,1|n) mechanics

Recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in dynamical realizations of
the superconformal group SU(1,1|2) in mechanics. Remarking that SU(1,1|2) is a
particular member of a chain of supergroups SU(1,1|n) parametrized by an
integer n, here we begin a systematic study of SU(1,1|n) multi-particle
mechanics. A representation of the superconformal algebra su(1,1|n) is
constructed on the phase space spanned by m copies of the (1,2n,2n-1)
supermultiplet. We show that the dynamics is governed by two prepotentials V
and F, and the Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde equation for F shows up as a
consequence of a more general fourth-order equation. All solutions to the
latter in terms of root systems reveal decoupled models only. An extension of
the dynamical content of the (1,2n,2n-1) supermultiplet by angular variables in
a way similar to the SU(1,1|2) case is problematic.Comment: 1+8 pages; v2: eq.(14) corrected, one ref. added, published versio
Complex interventions reduce use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma: systematic review with meta-regression.

Open access article.INTRODUCTION: Asthma accounts for considerable healthcare expenditure, a large proportion of which is attributable to use of expensive urgent healthcare. This review examines the characteristics of complex interventions that reduce urgent healthcare use in adults with asthma. METHOD: Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, the British Nursing Library and the Cochrane library, from inception to January 2013 were conducted. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: i) included adults with asthma ii) assessed the efficacy of a complex intervention using randomised controlled trial design, and iii) included a measure of urgent healthcare utilisation at follow-up. Data on participants recruited, methods, characteristics of complex interventions and the effects of the intervention on urgent healthcare use were extracted. RESULTS: 33 independent studies were identified resulting in 39 comparisons altogether. Pooled effects indicated that interventions were associated with a reduction in urgent healthcare use (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.94). When study effects were grouped according to the components of the interventions used, significant effects were seen for interventions that included general education (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.91), skills training (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.86) and relapse prevention (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.98). In multivariate meta-regression analysis, only skills training remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Complex interventions reduced the use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma by 21%. Those complex interventions including skills training, education and relapse prevention may be particularly effective in reducing the use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR
Artistic occupations are associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is preceded by a premotor phase of unknown duration. Dopaminergic degeneration during this phase may lead to subtle cognitive and behavioural changes, such as decreased novelty seeking. Consequently, premotor subjects might be most comfortable in jobs that do not require optimal dopamine levels, leading to an overrepresentation in structured and predictable occupations, or an underrepresentation in artistic occupations. In a case–control study, 750 men with PD (onset ≥40 years) and 1300 healthy men completed a validated questionnaire about their lifetime occupational status. Occupations were classified using the RIASEC model. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the conventional and artistic categories, both for the most recent occupation before symptom onset, and for the very first occupation. Because farming has been associated with a PD risk, ORs were calculated separately for farming. A reduced risk of PD was found for men with an artistic occupation late in life (OR 0.14, 95 % CI 0.04–0.53), while an artistic first occupation did not prevent PD (OR 0.72, CI 0.32–1.59). Conventional occupations showed no increased risk (recent: OR 1.07, CI 0.70–1.64; first: OR 1.14, CI 0.77–1.71). In support of previous reports, farming was associated with an increased risk of PD (recent: OR 2.6, CI 1.4–4.6; first: OR 2.7, CI 1.6–4.5). PD patients were older than controls, but various statistical corrections for age all lead to similar results. Artistic occupations late in life are associated with a reduced risk of subsequent PD, perhaps because this reflects a better preserved dopaminergic state. No initial occupation predicted PD, suggesting that the premotor phase starts later in life
Search for displaced muonic lepton jets from light higgs boson decay in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is performed for collimated muon pairs displaced from the primary vertex produced in the decay of long-lived neutral particles in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. In a 1.9 fb(-1) event sample collected during 2011, the observed data are consistent with the Standard Model background expectations. Limits on the product of the production cross section and the branching ratio of a Higgs boson decaying to hidden-sector neutral long-lived particles are derived as a function of the particles' mean lifetime
Multi-site study of surgical practice in neurosurgery based on surgical process models.

International audienceSurgical Process Modelling (SPM) was introduced to improve understanding the different parameters that influence the performance of a Surgical Process (SP). Data acquired from SPM methodology is enormous and complex. Several analysis methods based on comparison or classification of Surgical Process Models (SPMs) have previously been proposed. Such methods compare a set of SPMs to highlight specific parameters explaining differences between populations of patients, surgeons or systems. In this study, procedures performed at three different international University hospitals were compared using SPM methodology based on a similarity metric focusing on the sequence of activities occurring during surgery. The proposed approach is based on Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm combined with a clustering algorithm. SPMs of 41 Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) surgeries were acquired at three Neurosurgical departments; in France, Germany, and Canada. The proposed approach distinguished the different surgical behaviors according to the location where surgery was performed as well as between the categorized surgical experience of individual surgeons. We also propose the use of Multidimensional Scaling to induce a new space of representation of the sequences of activities. The approach was compared to a time-based approach (e.g. duration of surgeries) and has been shown to be more precise. We also discuss the integration of other criteria in order to better understand what influences the way the surgeries are performed. This first multi-site study represents an important step towards the creation of robust analysis tools for processing SPMs. It opens new perspectives for the assessment of surgical approaches, tools or systems as well as objective assessment and comparison of surgeon's expertise
Gate voltage control of the AlOx /SrTiO3 interface electrical properties

International audienceElectron-beam deposition of an insulating granular aluminium or of an off-stoichiometric amorphous alumina layer on a SrTiO3 surface is a simple way to get a metallic interface from insulating materials. No heating nor specific preparation of the SrTiO3 surface are needed. In this paper, we investigate how the electrical properties of this interface can be tuned by the use of a back gate voltage (electrical field through the SrTiO3 substrate). We demonstrate that the slow field-effect observed at room temperature can be used to tune reversibly and in a controlled way the low temperature electrical properties of the interface. In particular, important parameters of a transistor such as the amplitude of the resistance response to gate voltage changes or the existence of an "on " or an "off " state at zero gate voltage and at low temperature can be adjusted in a single sample. This method should be applicable to any SrTiO3-based interface in which oxygen vacancies are involved and might provide a powerful way to study the metal or superconductor insulator transition observed in such systems
Effect of vanillic acid on COQ6 mutants identified in patients with coenzyme Q10 deficiency.

International audience: Human COQ6 encodes a monooxygenase which is responsible for the C5-hydroxylation of the quinone ring of coenzyme Q (CoQ). Mutations in COQ6 cause primary CoQ deficiency, a condition responsive to oral CoQ10 supplementation. Treatment is however still problematic given the poor bioavailability of CoQ10. We employed S. cerevisiae lacking the orthologous gene to characterize the two different human COQ6 isoforms and the mutations found in patients. COQ6 isoform a can partially complement the defective yeast, while isoform b, which lacks part of the FAD-binding domain, is inactive but partially stable, and could have a regulatory/inhibitory function in CoQ10 biosynthesis. Most mutations identified in patients, including the frameshift Q461fs478X mutation, retain residual enzymatic activity, and all patients carry at least one hypomorphic allele, confirming that the complete block of CoQ biosynthesis is lethal. These mutants are also partially stable and allow the assembly of the CoQ biosynthetic complex. In fact treatment with two hydroxylated analogues of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, namely, vanillic acid or 3-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, restored the respiratory growth of yeast Δcoq6 cells expressing the mutant huCOQ6-isoa proteins. These compounds, and particularly vanillic acid, could therefore represent an interesting therapeutic option for COQ6 patients
Mechanical identification of layer-specific properties of mouse carotid arteries using 3D-DIC and a hyperelastic anisotropic constitutive model

International audienceThe role of mechanics is known to be of primary order in many arterial diseases; however, determining mechanical properties of arteries remains a challenge. This paper discusses the identifiability of the passive mechanical properties of a mouse carotid artery, taking into account the orientation of collagen fibres in the medial and adventitial layers. On the basis of 3D digital image correlation measurements of the surface strain during an inflation/extension test, an inverse identification method is set up. It involves a 3D finite element mechanical model of the mechanical test and an optimisation algorithm. A two-layer constitutive model derived from the Holzapfel model is used, with five and then seven parameters. The five-parameter model is successfully identified providing layer-specific fibre angles. The seven-parameter model is over parameterised, yet it is shown that additional data from a simple tension test make the identification of refined layer-specific data reliable
Extended Phase Field Higher-Order Active Contour Models for Networks: its Application to Road Network Extraction from VHR Satellite Images

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comInternational audienceThis paper addresses the segmentation from an image of entities that have the form of a 'network', i.e. the region in the image corresponding to the entity is composed of branches joining together at junctions, e.g. road or vascular networks. We present new phase field higher-order active contour (HOAC) prior models for network regions, and apply them to the segmentation of road networks from very high resolution satellite images. This is a hard problem for two reasons. First, the images are complex, with much 'noise' in the road region due to cars, road markings, etc., while the background is very varied, containing many features that are locally similar to roads. Second, network regions are complex to model, because they may have arbitrary topology. In particular, we address a limitation of a previous model in which network branch width was constrained to be similar to maximum network branch radius of curvature, thereby providing a poor model of networks with straight narrow branches or highly curved, wide branches. We solve this problem by introducing first an additional nonlinear nonlocal HOAC term, and then an additional linear nonlocal HOAC term to improve the computational speed. Both terms allow separate control of branch width and branch curvature, and furnish better prolongation for the same width, but the linear term has several advantages: it is more efficient, and it is able to model multiple widths simultaneously. To cope with the difficulty of parameter selection for these models, we perform a stability analysis of a long bar with a given width, and hence show how to choose the parameters of the energy functions. After adding a likelihood energy, we use both models to extract the road network quasi-automatically from pieces of a QuickBird image, and compare the results to other models in the literature. The state-of-the-art results obtained demonstrate the superiority of our new models, the importance of strong prior knowledge in general, and of the new terms in particular
Some thoughts on neural network modelling of microabrasion–corrosion processes

There is increasing interest in the interactions of microabrasion, involving small particles of less than 10 mm in size, with corrosion.
This is because such interactions occur in many environments ranging from the offshore to health care sectors. In particular,
microabrasion–corrosion can occur in oral processing, where the abrasive components of food interacting with the acidic environment,
can lead to degradation of the surface dentine of teeth.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computing mechanisms based on the biological brain. They are very effective in various areas
such as modelling, classification and pattern recognition. They have been successfully applied in almost all areas of engineering and many
practical industrial applications.
Hence, in this paper an attempt has been made to model the data obtained in microabrasion–corrosion experiments on polymer/steel
couple and a ceramic/lasercarb coating couple using ANN. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network is applied and the results
obtained from modelling the tribocorrosion processes will be compared with those obtained from a relatively new class of neural
networks namely resource allocation network.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
Search for single production of a vector-like quark via a heavy gluon in the 4bfinal state with the ATLAS detector in ppcollisions at √s=8 TeV

A search is performed for the process pp →G∗→BH¯b/¯BHb →Hb¯b→b¯bb¯b, predicted in composite Higgs scenarios, where G⁎ is a heavy colour octet vector resonance and BH a vector-like quark of charge −1/3. The data were obtained from pp   collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The largest background, multijet production, is estimated using a data-driven method. No significant excess of events with respect to Standard Model predictions is observed, and upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio are set. Comparisons to the predictions from a specific benchmark model are made, resulting in lower mass limits in the two-dimensional mass plane of mG⁎ vs. mBH
Mammographic density and breast cancer phenotypes

Mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer and has been thoroughly studied as such. Extensive mammographic density also decreases screening sensitivity, thereby increasing the risk of interval cancers. Whether density acts as fertile ground for all types of breast cancer, or whether it influences tumor growth in a specific direction, was not known when we embarked upon the studies of this thesis. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between density, tumor characteristics, molecular subtypes, recurrence, and survival, focusing on interval cancers in the last study.



For studies I, III, and IV, we used the cases included in a population-based case-control study, in which cases were all Swedish women, aged 50-74, with incident breast cancer, diagnosed 1993-1995 (n=3345). We only included postmenopausal women with no prior history of cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer and cervical cancer in situ (n=2720). Of these women, 1774 women had eligible mammograms.



For study II, in which we investigated the relationship between density and molecular subtypes, the study population was based on all women with breast cancer operated at a large university hospital in Stockholm 1994-1996 (n=524). Women with available gene expression profiling and mammograms were included in the study (n=110).



Pre-diagnostic/diagnostic density of the unaffected breast was assessed using a semi-automated, computer-assisted thresholding technique, Cumulus. Density was either measured as the dense area in cm2 (absolute density=AD) or percentage density (PD) (the absolute dense area/the total breast area).



We did not find an association between density and tumor characteristics (lymph node metastasis, hormone-receptor status, grade, and histopathological classification) except for tumor size. However, this association seemed at least in part to be due to masking delaying diagnosis. In accordance with the lack of association between PD and most tumor characteristics, we did not find an association between density and molecular subtypes, nor between density, distant recurrence, and survival. We did, however, see a relatively strong association between PD and both local and locoregional recurrence, independent of established risk factors.



In the last study, we investigated the differences in survival between interval cancers and screening-detected cancers, taking mammographic density into account. We could show that interval cancers in both dense and non-dense breasts were associated with poorer prognosis compared to screening-detected cancers. However, the poorer prognosis seen in interval cancers in dense breasts seemed mainly attributable to delayed detection, whereas the group of interval cancers in non-dense breasts primarily seemed composed of truly aggressive tumors which we believe need further study