pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Retirement savings guidelines for residents of emerging market countries

Most literature about retirement planning treats the working (accumulation) and retirement (decumulation) phases separately. The traditional approach decides on safe withdrawal rate, uses it to derive a wealth accumulation target, and then calculates the savings rate required to achieve this wealth target. Because low sustainable withdrawal rates tend to occur after bull markets, such a formulation will push individuals toward unnecessarily high savings rates to attain their desired retirement spending goals, reducing their feasible lifestyle prior to retirement. By jointly considering both phases of retirement planning, this study provides savings rate guidelines for individuals in 25 emerging market countries. The savings rates calculated here are those which provide an adequate success rate in financing desired retirement expenditures using bootstrapped Monte Carlo simulations. For many emerging market countries, these savings rates will be high, given the high volatility of returns for savings instruments and the inflationary environment. Starting to save early and using a relatively low stock allocation, a finding that contrasts with studies about the United States, provide the lowest necessary savings rate for a given probability of success.
Cross-flow microfiltration applied to oenology: A review

The cross-flow microfiltration applied to wine filtration has become a legitimate alternative to conventional filtration processes. However, membrane fouling which affects the operating costs and the plant maintenance, limits the widespread application of this technique. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding of the development of the cross-flow microfiltration in wine industry, as well as the complexity of wine composition and its consequences on membrane fouling. This review covers also the impact of the operating conditions and the membrane characteristics on fouling mechanisms. Strategies to limit fouling as well as the latest innovations and commercial proposal are discussed in this paper
TRUST, I : a 3D externally illuminated slab benchmark for dust radiative transfer

Context. The radiative transport of photons through arbitrary three-dimensional (3D) structures of dust is a challenging problem due to the anisotropic scattering of dust grains and strong coupling between different spatial regions. The radiative transfer problem in 3D is solved using Monte Carlo or Ray Tracing techniques as no full analytic solution exists for the true 3D structures. 
Aims. We provide the first 3D dust radiative transfer benchmark composed of a slab of dust with uniform density externally illuminated by a star. This simple 3D benchmark is explicitly formulated to provide tests of the different components of the radiative transfer problem including dust absorption, scattering, and emission. 
Methods. The details of the external star, the slab itself, and the dust properties are provided. This benchmark includes models with a range of dust optical depths fully probing cases that are optically thin at all wavelengths to optically thick at most wavelengths. The dust properties adopted are characteristic of the diffuse Milky Way interstellar medium. This benchmark includes solutions for the full dust emission including single photon (stochastic) heating as well as two simplifying approximations: One where all grains are considered in equilibrium with the radiation field and one where the emission is from a single effective grain with size-distribution-averaged properties. A total of six Monte Carlo codes and one Ray Tracing code provide solutions to this benchmark. 
Results. The solution to this benchmark is given as global spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and images at select diagnostic wavelengths from the ultraviolet through the infrared. Comparison of the results revealed that the global SEDs are consistent on average to a few percent for all but the scattered stellar flux at very high optical depths. The image results are consistent within 10%, again except for the stellar scattered flux at very high optical depths. The lack of agreement between different codes of the scattered flux at high optical depths is quantified for the first time. Convergence tests using one of the Monte Carlo codes illustrate the sensitivity of the solutions to various model parameters. 
Conclusions. We provide the first 3D dust radiative transfer benchmark and validate the accuracy of this benchmark through comparisons between multiple independent codes and detailed convergence tests
Crossing symmetry in alpha space.

We initiate the study of the conformal bootstrap using Sturm-Liouville theory, specializing to four-point functions in one-dimensional CFTs. We do so by decomposing conformal correlators using a basis of eigenfunctions of the Casimir which are labeled by a complex number α. This leads to a systematic method for computing conformal block decompositions. Analyzing bootstrap equations in alpha space turns crossing symmetry into an eigenvalue problem for an integral operator K. The operator K is closely related to the Wilson transform, and some of its eigenfunctions can be found in closed form
Search for dark matter and unparticles in events with a Z boson and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

A search for dark matter and unparticle production at the LHC has been performed using events containing two charged leptons (electrons or muons), consistent with the decay of a Z boson, and large missing transverse momentum. This study is based on data collected with the CMS detector in 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 $fb^{−1}$ of proton-proton collisions at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No excess over the standard model expectation is observed. Compared to previous searches in this topology, which exclusively relied on effective field theories, the results are interpreted in terms of a simplified model of dark matter production for both vector and axial vector couplings between a mediator and dark matter particles. The first study of this class of models using CMS data at  $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV is presented. Additionally, effective field theories of dark matter and unparticle production are used to interpret the data
A longitudinal assessment of the persistence of Twitter datasets\ud
\ud

Social media datasets are not always completely replicable. Having to adhere to requirements of platforms such as Twitter, researchers can only release a list of unique identifiers, which others can then use to recollect the data themselves. This leads to subsets of the data no longer being available, as content can be deleted or user accounts deactivated. To quantify the long‐term impact of this in the replicability of datasets, we perform a longitudinal analysis of the persistence of 30 Twitter datasets, which include more than 147 million tweets. By recollecting Twitter datasets ranging from 0 to 4 years old by using the tweet IDs, we look at four different factors quantifying the extent to which recollected datasets resemble original ones: completeness, representativity, similarity, and changingness. Although the ratio of available tweets keeps decreasing as the dataset gets older, we find that the textual content of the recollected subset is still largely representative of the original dataset. The representativity of the metadata, however, keeps fading over time, both because the dataset shrinks and because certain metadata, such as the users' number of followers, keeps changing. Our study has important implications for researchers sharing and using publicly shared Twitter datasets in their research.\ud
\u
Unmixing supergravity.

We examine the double-trace spectrum of   N=4  super Yang-Mills theory in the supergravity limit. At large N double-trace operators exhibit degeneracy. By considering free-field and tree-level supergravity contributions to four-point functions of half-BPS operators we resolve the degeneracy for a large family of double-trace operators. The mixing problem reveals a surprisingly simple structure which allows us to obtain their three-point functions at leading order in the large N expansion as well as their leading anomalous dimensions
Hyperbolic systems with non-diagonalisable principal part and variable multiplicities, I. Well-posedness

In this paper we analyse the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for a rather general class of hyperbolic systems with space-time dependent coefficients and with multiple characteristics of variable multiplicity. First, we establish a well-posedness result in anisotropic Sobolev spaces for systems with upper triangular principal part under interesting natural conditions on the orders of lower order terms below the diagonal. Namely, the terms below the diagonal at a distance $k$ to it must be of order $-k$. This setting also allows for the Jordan block structure in the system. Second, we give conditions for the Schur type triangularisation of general systems with variable coefficients for reducing them to the form with an upper triangular principal part for which the first result can be applied. We give explicit details for the appearing conditions and constructions for $2\times 2$ and $3\times 3$ systems, complemented by several examples
Note: Focus error detection device for thermal expansion-recovery microscopy (ThERM)

An innovative focus error detection method is presented that is only sensitive to surface curvature variations, canceling both thermoreflectance and photodefelection effects. The detection scheme consists of an astigmatic probe laser and a four-quadrant detector. Nonlinear curve fitting of the defocusing signal allows the retrieval of a cutoff frequency, which only depends on the thermal diffusivity of the sample and the pump beam size. Therefore, a straightforward retrieval of the thermal diffusivity of the sample is possible with microscopic lateral resolution and high axial resolution (∼100 pm).Fil: Domené, Esteban Alejo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física. Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Oscar E.. Empresa Tolket Srl; Argentin
CARD14 Gain-of-Function Mutation Alone Is Sufficient to Drive IL-23/IL-17-Mediated Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation In Vivo.

Rare autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding the keratinocyte signaling molecule CARD14, have been associated with an increased susceptibility to psoriasis, but the physiological impact of CARD14 gain-of-function mutations remains to be fully determined in vivo. Here, we report that heterozygous mice harboring a CARD14 gain-of-function mutation (Card14ΔE138) spontaneously develop a chronic psoriatic phenotype with characteristic scaling skin lesions, epidermal thickening, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, hyperkeratosis, and immune cell infiltration. Affected skin of these mice is characterized by elevated expression of anti-microbial peptides, chemokines, and cytokines (including T helper type 17 cell-signature cytokines) and an immune infiltrate rich in neutrophils, myeloid cells, and T cells, reminiscent of human psoriatic skin. Disease pathogenesis was driven by the IL-23/IL-17 axis, and neutralization of IL-23p19, the key cytokine in maintaining T helper type 17 cell polarization, significantly reduced skin lesions and the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, hyperactivation of CARD14 alone is sufficient to orchestrate the complex immunopathogenesis that drives T helper type 17-mediated psoriasis skin disease in vivo
Two-proton capture on the 68Se nucleus with a new self-consistent cluster model

We investigate the two-proton capture reaction of the prominent rapid proton capture waiting point nucleus, Se, that produces the borromean nucleus Kr (Se68+p+p). We apply a recently formulated general model where the core nucleus, Se, is treated in the mean-field approximation and the three-body problem of the two valence protons and the core is solved exactly. We compare using two popular Skyrme interactions, SLy4 and SkM*. We calculate E2 electromagnetic two-proton dissociation and capture cross sections, and derive the temperature dependent capture rates. We vary the unknown 2 resonance energy without changing any of the structures computed self-consistently for both core and valence particles. We find rates increasing quickly with temperature below 2–4 GK after which we find rates varying by about a factor of two independent of 2 resonance energy. The capture mechanism is sequential through the f proton-core resonance, but the continuum background contributes significantly.This work was funded by the Danish Council for Independent Research DFF Natural Science and the DFF Sapere Aude program. This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under Project FIS2014-51971-P.Peer Reviewe
A complex environment around Cir X-1

We present the results of an archival 54 ks long Chandra observation of the
peculiar source Cir X--1 during the phase passage 0.223-0.261. A comparative
analysis of X-ray spectra, selected at different flux levels of the source,
allows us to distinguish between a very hard state, at a low countrate, and a
brighter, softer, highly absorbed spectrum during episodes of flaring activity,
when the unabsorbed source luminosity is about three times the value in the
hard state. The spectrum of the hard state clearly shows emission lines of
highly ionized elements, while, during the flaring state, the spectrum also
shows strong resonant absorption lines. The most intense and interesting
feature in this latter state is present in the Fe K alpha region: a very
broadened absorption line at energies ~ 6.5 keV that could result from a
smeared blending of resonant absorption lines of moderately ionized iron ions
(Fe XX - Fe XXIV). We also observe strong resonant absorption lines of Fe XXV
and Fe XXVI, together with a smeared absorption edge above 7 keV. We argue that
the emitting region during the quiescent/hard state is constituted of a purely
photo-ionized medium, possibly present above an accretion disk, or of a
photo-ionized plasma present in a beamed outflow. During the flaring states the
source undergoes enhanced turbulent accretion that modifies both the accretion
geometry and the optical depth of the gas surrounding the primary X-ray source.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
A multifunctional device to simulate oral ageing: the "Rub&Roll"

Contains fulltext :
                  127602.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)This article describes an in vitro fatigue and/or wear simulator enabling controlled application of force, speed, type of liquids and duration, to mimic challenges representative for the human oral environment. The device consists of a container in which a cylinder with specimen holder is placed which drives another cylinder (rod). The rod rotates in an opposite direction to the rotation of the stirring motor, rolling over the specimens mounted in the cylinder. When the rod contacts the specimen a force is applied to mimic processes in the oral environment. The design, working and construction principles of a new device, the Rub&Roll, and some of the possible applications are described Four different application examples are presented: occlusal wear in an low acidic abrasive slurry; combined erosive and abrasive wear of enamel exposed to apple juice or apple pulp; the wear of sealant material in natural teeth in an abrasive slurry; and the influence of mechanical loading cycles on micro tensile bond strength of an adhesive system to dentin Application of the "Rub & Roll" device showed results which are clinically relevant, reproducible and in accordance with existing literature. CONCLUSIONS: The Rub&Roll enables controlled application of chemical and mechanical loading, allowing variation of force, sliding distance, velocity, number of cycles, and frequency, and a combination with erosive and abrasive challenges representative of those in the oral environment
Bacterial mechanosensitive channels : progress towards an understanding of their roles in cell physiology

Open Access funded by Wellcome Trust Under a Creative Commons license Thanks to all members of the Aberdeen group, collaborators and friends whose discussions have spurred the development of the MS channel field. Special thanks to Doug Rees, Diane Newman and Rob Phillips for their support and hospitality at Caltech. Unique insights have been provided by members of the Newman and Phillips research groups, particularly, Caj Neubauer, Gargi Kulkarni and Megan Bergkessel, Heun Jin Lee and Maja Bialecka-Fornal. The author's research on MS channels is supported by a grant from The Wellcome Trust (WT092552MA) and the BBSRC (BB/H017917/1). The author is a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellow and this work was supported in part by a CEMI Visiting Faculty Fellowship from Caltech.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Evolution of the solar activity over time and effects on planetary
  atmospheres. II. kappa^1 Ceti, an analog of the Sun when life arose on Earth

The early evolution of Earth's atmosphere and the origin of life took place
at a time when physical conditions at the Earth where radically different from
its present state. The radiative input from the Sun was much enhanced in the
high-energy spectral domain, and in order to model early planetary atmospheres
in detail, a knowledge of the solar radiative input is needed. We present an
investigation of the atmospheric parameters, state of evolution and high-energy
fluxes of the nearby star kap^1 Cet, previously thought to have properties
resembling those of the early Sun. Atmospheric parameters were derived from the
excitation/ionization equilibrium of Fe I and Fe II, profile fitting of Halpha
and the spectral energy distribution. The UV irradiance was derived from FUSE
and HST data, and the absolute chromospheric flux from the Halpha line core.
From careful spectral analysis and the comparison of different methods we
propose for kap^1 Cet the following atmospheric parameters: Teff = 5665+/-30 K
(Halpha profile and energy distribution), log g = 4.49+/-0.05 dex (evolutionary
and spectroscopic) and [Fe/H] = +0.10+/-0.05 dex (Fe II lines). The UV
radiative properties of kap^1 Cet indicate that its flux is some 35% lower than
the current Sun's between 210 and 300 nm, it matches the Sun's at 170 nm and
increases to at least 2-7 times higher than the Sun's between 110 and 140 nm.
The use of several indicators ascribes an age to kap^1 Cet in the interval
~0.4-0.8 Gyr and the analysis of the theoretical HR diagram suggests a mass
~1.04 Msun. This star is thus a very close analog of the Sun when life arose on
Earth and Mars is thought to have lost its surface bodies of liquid water.
Photochemical models indicate that the enhanced UV emission leads to a
significant increase in photodissociation rates compared with those commonly
assumed of the early Earth. Our results show that reliable calculations of the
chemical composition of early planetary atmospheres need to account for the
stronger solar photodissociating UV irradiation.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Nearly Optimal Algorithms for the Decomposition of Multivariate Rational
  Functions and the Extended L\"uroth's Theorem

The extended L\"uroth's Theorem says that if the transcendence degree of
$\KK(\mathsf{f}_1,\dots,\mathsf{f}_m)/\KK$ is 1 then there exists $f \in
\KK(\underline{X})$ such that $\KK(\mathsf{f}_1,\dots,\mathsf{f}_m)$ is equal
to $\KK(f)$. In this paper we show how to compute $f$ with a probabilistic
algorithm. We also describe a probabilistic and a deterministic algorithm for
the decomposition of multivariate rational functions. The probabilistic
algorithms proposed in this paper are softly optimal when $n$ is fixed and $d$
tends to infinity. We also give an indecomposability test based on gcd
computations and Newton's polytope. In the last section, we show that we get a
polynomial time algorithm, with a minor modification in the exponential time
decomposition algorithm proposed by Gutierez-Rubio-Sevilla in 2001
Seiberg duality versus hidden local symmetry

It is widely believed that the emergent magnetic gauge symmetry of SQCD is
analogous to a hidden local symmetry (HLS). We explore this idea in detail,
deriving the entire (spontaneously broken) magnetic theory by applying the HLS
formalism to spontaneously broken SU(N) SQCD. We deduce the K\"ahler potential
in the HLS description, and show that gauge and flavour symmetry are smoothly
restored along certain scaling directions in moduli space. We propose that it
is these symmetry restoring directions, associated with the R-symmetry of the
theory, that allow full Seiberg duality. Reconsidering the origin of the
magnetic gauge bosons as the rho-mesons of the electric theory, colour-flavour
locking allows a simple determination of the parameter "a". Its value
continuously interpolates between a=2 on the baryonic branch of moduli space -
corresponding to "vector meson dominance" - and a=1 on the mesonic branch. Both
limiting values are consistent with previous results in the literature. The HLS
formalism is further applied to SO and Sp groups, where the usual Seiberg duals
are recovered, as well as adjoint SQCD. Finally we discuss some possible future
applications, including (naturally) the unitarisation of composite W
scattering, blended Higgs/technicolour models, real world QCD and
non-supersymmetric dualities.Comment: 50 pages, 4 figures, improved treatment of Kahler potential and
  comments adde
Quantum phase transitions in electronic systems

Quantum phase transitions occur at zero temperature when some non-thermal
control-parameter like pressure or chemical composition is changed. They are
driven by quantum rather than thermal fluctuations. In this review we first
give a pedagogical introduction to quantum phase transitions and quantum
critical behavior emphasizing similarities with and differences to classical
thermal phase transitions. We then illustrate the general concepts by
discussing a few examples of quantum phase transitions occurring in electronic
systems. The ferromagnetic transition of itinerant electrons shows a very rich
behavior since the magnetization couples to additional electronic soft modes
which generates an effective long-range interaction between the spin
fluctuations. We then consider the influence of rare regions on quantum phase
transitions in systems with quenched disorder, taking the antiferromagnetic
transitions of itinerant electrons as a primary example. Finally we discuss
some aspects of the metal-insulator transition in the presence of quenched
disorder and interactions.Comment: 39pages, 6 figs, minor changes, submitted to Ann. Phys. (Leipzig);
  this review is an extended version of the introduction to the authors
  Habilitation thesi
Dynamically generated 1^+ heavy mesons

By using a heavy chiral unitary approach, we study the $S$ wave interactions
between heavy vector meson and light pseudoscalar meson. By searching for poles
of the unitary scattering amplitudes in the appropriate Riemann sheets, several
$1^+$ heavy states are found. In particular, a $D^*K$ bound state with a mass
of $2.462\pm0.010$ GeV which should be associated with the recently observed
$D_{s1}(2460)$ state is obtained. In the same way, a $B^*{\bar K}$ bound state
($B_{s1}$) with mass of $5.778\pm0.007$ GeV in the bottom sector is predicted.
The spectra of the dynamically generated $D_1$ and $B_1$ states in the $I=1/2$
channel are also calculated. One broad state and one narrow state are found in
both the charmed and bottom sectors. The coupling constants and decay widths of
the predicted states are further investigated.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.