pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A fully ab initio quartic force field of spectroscopic quality for $SO_3$

The quartic force field of SO$_3$ was computed fully ab initio using coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) methods and basis sets of up to $spdfgh$ quality. The effect of inner-shell correlation was taken into account. The addition of tight $d$ functions is found to be essential for accurate geometries and harmonic frequencies. The equilibrium geometry and vibrational fundamentals are reproduced to within 0.0003 Å and (on average) 1.15 cm^{-1}, respectively. We recommend the following revised values for the harmonic frequencies: $\omega_1 = 1082.7, \omega_2 = 502.6, \omega_3 = 1415.4, \omega_4 = 534.0 cm^{-1}$. In addition, we have shown that the addition of inner polarization functions to second-row elements is highly desirable even with more approximate methods like B3LYP, and greatly improves the quality of computed geometries and harmonic frequencies of second-row compounds at negligible extra computational cost. For larger such molecules, the B3LYP/VTZ+1 level of theory should be a very good compromise between accuracy and computational cost
A new method for measuring the bottom quark Yukawa coupling at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

We propose a new method for measuring the bottom quark Yukawa coupling at the LHC. Higgs boson production in purely electroweak WHjj events is calculated. The Standard Model signal rate including decays W -> l nu and H -> bb is 11 fb for M_H = 120 GeV. It is possible to suppress the principal background, tt + jets, to below the level of the signal. As the top quark Yukawa coupling does not appear in this process, it promises a reliable extraction of g_Hbb in the context of extensions to the Standard Model, especially the MSSM
Reconstructing the Vacuum Functional of Yang-Mills from its Large
  Distance Behaviour

For fields that vary slowly on the scale of the lightest mass the logarithm
of the vacuum functional can be expanded as a sum of local functionals. For
Yang-Mills theory the leading term in the expansion dominates large distance
effects and leads to an area law for the Wilson loop. However, this expansion
cannot be expected to converge for fields that vary more rapidly. By studying
the analyticity of the vacuum functional under scale transformations we show
how to re-sum this series so as to reconstruct the vacuum functional for
arbitrary fields.Comment: 7 pages, late
Boundary conformal field theories on random surfaces and the
  non-critical open string

We analyse boundary conformal field theories on random surfaces using the
conformal gauge approach of David, Distler and Kawai. The crucial point is the
choice of boundary conditions on the Liouville field. We discuss the Weyl
anomaly cancellation for Polyakov`s non-critical open bosonic string with
Neumann, Dirichlet and free boundary conditions. Dirichlet boundary conditions
on the Liouville field imply that the metric is discontinuous as the boundary
is approached. We consider the semi-classical limit and argue how it singles
out the free boundary conditions on the Liouville field. We define the open
string susceptibility, the anomalous gravitational scaling dimensions and a new
Yang-Mills Feynman mass critical exponent.Comment: 32 pages, latex, no figures. Text reorganised. A note, a new
  subsection, 2 apendices and 3 references added. Version to be published in
  Nuclear Physics
The Morse-Witten complex via dynamical systems

Given a smooth closed manifold M, the Morse-Witten complex associated to a
Morse function f and a Riemannian metric g on M consists of chain groups
generated by the critical points of f and a boundary operator counting isolated
flow lines of the negative gradient flow. Its homology reproduces singular
homology of M. The geometric approach presented here was developed in [We-93]
and is based on tools from hyperbolic dynamical systems. For instance, we apply
the Grobman-Hartman theorem and the Lambda-Lemma (Inclination Lemma) to analyze
compactness and define gluing for the moduli space of flow lines.Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures, minor modifications and correction
Determining Beam Parameters in a Storage Ring with a Cylindrical
  Hodoscope using Elastic Proton-Proton Scattering

The EDDA-Detector at the Cooler-Synchrotron COSY/J\"ulich has been operated
with an internal CH$_2$ fiber target to measure proton-proton elastic
scattering differential cross sections. For the data analysis knowledge of beam
parameters, like position, width and angle, are indispensable. We have
developed a method to obtain these values with high precision from the
azimuthal and polar angles of the ejectiles only, by exploiting the coplanarity
of the two final state protons with the beam and the kinematic correlation. The
formalism is described and results for beam parameters obtained during beam
acceleration are given.Comment: 20 pages 10 figure
Physics interplay of the LHC and the ILC.

Physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the International e(+)e(-) Linear Collider (ILC) will be complementary in many respects, as has been demonstrated at previous generations of hadron and lepton colliders. This report addresses the possible interplay between the LHC and ILC in testing the Standard Model and in discovering and determining the origin of new physics. Mutual benefits for the physics programme at both machines can occur both at the level of a combined interpretation of Hadron Collider and Linear Collider data and at the level of combined analyses of the data, where results obtained at one machine can directly influence the way analyses are carried out at the other machine. Topics under study comprise the physics of weak and strong electroweak symmetry breaking, supersymmetric models, new gauge theories, models with extra dimensions, and electroweak and QCD precision physics. The status of the work that has been carried out within the LHC/ILC Study Group so far is summarized in this report. Possible topics for future studies are outlined
Atypical visual processing in posttraumatic stress disorder☆

Background: Many patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) feel overwhelmed in situations with high levels of sensory input, as in crowded situations with complex sensory characteristics. These difficulties might be related to subtle sensory processing deficits similar to those that have been found for sounds in electrophysiological studies. Method Visual processing was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging in trauma-exposed participants with (N = 18) and without PTSD (N = 21) employing a picture-viewing task. Results: Activity observed in response to visual scenes was lower in PTSD participants 1) in the ventral stream of the visual system, including striate and extrastriate, inferior temporal, and entorhinal cortices, and 2) in dorsal and ventral attention systems (P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). These effects could not be explained by the emotional salience of the pictures. Conclusions: Visual processing was substantially altered in PTSD in the ventral visual stream, a component of the visual system thought to be responsible for object property processing. Together with previous reports of subtle auditory deficits in PTSD, these findings provide strong support for potentially important sensory processing deficits, whose origins may be related to dysfunctional attention processes
Search for pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decaying in the
  ATLAS hadronic calorimeter in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN is used to search for
the decay of a scalar boson to a pair of long-lived particles, neutral under
the Standard Model gauge group, in 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected in
proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. This search is sensitive to
long-lived particles that decay to Standard Model particles producing jets at
the outer edge of the ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter or inside the hadronic
calorimeter. No significant excess of events is observed. Limits are reported
on the product of the scalar boson production cross section times branching
ratio into long-lived neutral particles as a function of the proper lifetime of
the particles. Limits are reported for boson masses from 100 GeV to 900 GeV,
and a long-lived neutral particle mass from 10 GeV to 150 GeV.Comment: 10 pages plus author list + cover pages (22 pages total), 6 figures,
  4 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B, All figures including auxiliary
  figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2012-2
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in dileptonic decays of top quark
  pairs in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the top-antitop ($t\bar{t}$) charge asymmetry is presented
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb$^{-1}$ of LHC
$pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS
detector. Events with two charged leptons, at least two jets and large missing
transverse momentum are selected. Two observables are studied:
$A^{\ell\ell}_{\textrm{C}}$ based on the identified charged leptons, and
$A^{t\bar{t}}_{\textrm{C}}$, based on the reconstructed $t\bar{t}$ final state.
The asymmetries are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*}
  A^{\ell\ell}_{\textrm{C}} & = & 0.024 \pm 0.015 ~\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.009
~\textrm{(syst.)}, \end{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*}
  A^{t\bar{t}}_{\textrm{C}} & = & 0.021 \pm 0.025 ~\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.017
~\textrm{(syst.)}. \end{eqnarray*} The measured values are in agreement with
the Standard Model predictions.Comment: 33 pages plus author list + cover pages (57 pages total), 8 figures,
  11 tables, published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-09
A Survey of Irradiated Pillars, Globules, and Jets in the Carina Nebul

We present wide-field, deep narrowband H$_2$, Br$\gamma$, H$\alpha$, [S II],
[O III], and broadband I and K-band images of the Carina star formation region.
The new images provide a large-scale overview of all the H$_2$ and Br$\gamma$
emission present in over a square degree centered on this signature star
forming complex. By comparing these images with archival HST and Spitzer images
we observe how intense UV radiation from O and B stars affects star formation
in molecular clouds. We use the images to locate new candidate outflows and
identify the principal shock waves and irradiated interfaces within dozens of
distinct areas of star-forming activity. Shocked molecular gas in jets traces
the parts of the flow that are most shielded from the intense UV radiation.
Combining the H$_2$ and optical images gives a more complete view of the jets,
which are sometimes only visible in H$_2$. The Carina region hosts several
compact young clusters, and the gas within these clusters is affected by
radiation from both the cluster stars and the massive stars nearby. The Carina
Nebula is ideal for studying the physics of young H II regions and PDR's, as it
contains multiple examples of walls and irradiated pillars at various stages of
development. Some of the pillars have detached from their host molecular clouds
to form proplyds. Fluorescent H$_2$ outlines the interfaces between the ionized
and molecular gas, and after removing continuum, we detect spatial offsets
between the Br$\gamma$ and H$_2$ emission along the irradiated interfaces.
These spatial offsets can be used to test current models of PDRs once synthetic
maps of these lines become available.Comment: Accepted in the Astronomical Journa
Determination of the top-quark pole mass using $t \bar{t}+1$-jet events
  collected with the ATLAS experiment in 7 TeV $pp$ collisions

The normalized differential cross section for top-quark pair production in
association with at least one jet is studied as a function of the inverse of
the invariant mass of the $t \bar{t}+1$-jet system. This distribution can be
used for a precise determination of the top-quark mass since gluon radiation
depends on the mass of the quarks. The experimental analysis is based on
proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC with a
centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6
fb$^{-1}$. The selected events were identified using the lepton+jets
top-quark-pair decay channel, where lepton refers to either an electron or a
muon. The observed distribution is compared to a theoretical prediction at
next-to-leading-order accuracy in quantum chromodynamics using the pole-mass
scheme. With this method, the measured value of the top-quark pole mass,
$m_t^{\rm pole}$, is: $m_t^{\rm pole}$ =173.7 $\pm$ 1.5 (stat.) $\pm$ 1.4
(syst.) $^{+ 1.0}_{-0.5}$ (theory) GeV. This result represents the most precise
measurement of the top-quark pole mass to date.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (40 pages total), 5 figures, 4 tables,
  published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-06
Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies.

BACKGROUND: Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of their effects and determine whether they depend on characteristics of the tumours or the affected women.
METHODS: Individual data from 117 epidemiological studies, including 118 964 women with invasive breast cancer and 306 091 without the disease, none of whom had used menopausal hormone therapy, were included in the analyses. We calculated adjusted relative risks (RRs) associated with menarche and menopause for breast cancer overall, and by tumour histology and by oestrogen receptor expression.
FINDINGS: Breast cancer risk increased by a factor of 1·050 (95% CI 1·044-1·057; p&lt;0·0001) for every year younger at menarche, and independently by a smaller amount (1·029, 1·025-1·032; p&lt;0·0001), for every year older at menopause. Premenopausal women had a greater risk of breast cancer than postmenopausal women of an identical age (RR at age 45-54 years 1·43, 1·33-1·52, p&lt;0·001). All three of these associations were attenuated by increasing adiposity among postmenopausal women, but did not vary materially by women's year of birth, ethnic origin, childbearing history, smoking, alcohol consumption, or hormonal contraceptive use. All three associations were stronger for lobular than for ductal tumours (p&lt;0·006 for each comparison). The effect of menopause in women of an identical age and trends by age at menopause were stronger for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (p&lt;0·01 for both comparisons).
INTERPRETATION: The effects of menarche and menopause on breast cancer risk might not be acting merely by lengthening women's total number of reproductive years. Endogenous ovarian hormones are more relevant for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease and for lobular than for ductal tumours.
FUNDING: Cancer Research UK
Fe-XANES analyses of Reykjanes Ridge basalts: implications for oceanic crust’s role in the solid Earth oxygen cycle

The cycling of material from Earth’s surface environment into its interior can couple mantle oxidation state to the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere. A major uncertainty in this exchange is whether altered oceanic crust entering subduction zones can carry the oxidised signal it inherits during alteration at the ridge axis, past the arc front and into the deep mantle for long-term storage. However, recycled oceanic crust may eventually be entrained into mantle upwellings and undergo melting at ocean islands, creating the potential for basalt chemistry to constrain the nature of past solid Earth–hydrosphere redox coupling. \ud
\ud
Numerous independent observations suggest that Iceland contains a significant recycled oceanic crustal component, making it an ideal locality to investigate links between redox proxies and geochemical indices of enrichment. We have interrogated the elemental, isotope and redox geochemistry of basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge, which forms a 700 km transect of the Iceland plume. Over this distance, geophysical and geochemical tracers of plume influence increase dramatically, with the basalts recording both longand short-wavelength heterogeneity in the Iceland plume. We present new high-precision Fe-XANES measurements of Fe3+=P Fe on a suite of 64 basalt glasses from the Reykjanes Ridge. These basalts exhibit positive correlations between Fe3+=P Fe and trace element and isotopic signals of enrichment, and become progressively oxidised towards Iceland: fractionation-corrected Fe3+=P Fe increases by � 0:015 and �QFM by � 0:2 log units. We carefully rule out a role for sulfur degassing in creating this trend, and by considering various redox melting processes and metasomatic source enrichment mechanisms, conclude that an intrinsically oxidised component within the Icelandic mantle is required. Given the previous evidence for entrained oceanic crustal material within the Iceland plume, we consider this the most plausible carrier of the oxidised signal.\ud
\ud
To determine the ferric iron content of the recycled component ([Fe2O3]source) we project observed liquid compositions to an estimate of Fe2O3 in the pure enriched endmember melt, and then apply simple fractional melting models, considering lherzolitic and pyroxenitic source mineralogies, to estimate [Fe2O3](source) content. Propagating uncertainty through these steps, we obtain a range of [Fe2O3](source) for the enriched melts (0.9–1:4 wt%) that is significantly greater than the ferric iron content of typical upper mantle lherzo-lites. This range of ferric iron contents is consistent with a hybridised lherzolite–basalt (pyroxenite) mantle component. The oxidised signal in enriched Icelandic basalts is therefore potential evidence for seafloor–hydrosphere interaction having oxidised ancient mid-ocean ridge crust, generating a return flux of oxygen into the deep mantle
Search for weakly decaying (Lambda n)over-bar and Lambda Lambda exotic bound states in central Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV

We present results of a search for two hypothetical strange dibaryon states, i.e. the H-dibaryon and the possible View the MathML sourceΛn‾ bound state. The search is performed with the ALICE detector in central (0–10%) Pb–Pb collisions at View the MathML sourcesNN=2.76 TeV, by invariant mass analysis in the decay modes View the MathML sourceΛn‾→d‾π+ and H-dibaryon →Λpπ−→Λpπ−. No evidence for these bound states is observed. Upper limits are determined at 99% confidence level for a wide range of lifetimes and for the full range of branching ratios. The results are compared to thermal, coalescence and hybrid UrQMD model expectations, which describe correctly the production of other loosely bound states, like the deuteron and the hypertriton
Strangeness production in proton proton collisions close to threshold

Exclusive data on the reactions pp --> ppK(+)K(-) and pp --> pK(+Lambda)/Sigma(0) have been taken at the cooler synchrotron COSY close to threshold.At equal excess energies, an enhancement of the Lambda/Sigma(0) ratio by one order of magnitude has been observed compared to data at higher excess energies. New results obtained at the COSY-11 facility explore the transition region between this low-energy Sigma(0) suppression and excess energies of 60 MeV.A first total cross section for elementary antikaon production below the phi threshold has been determined, two orders of magnitude smaller compared to kaon production at the same excess energy
Electronic and Structural Properties of N-Type Microcrystalline Silicon Oxide (uc-SiOx:H) Films for Applications in Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells

The growth of n-type μc-SiOx:H layers in the thickness range of up to 700 nm is investigated. We show that the electrical and structural properties of μc-SiOx:H are thickness dependent but to a weaker extend in comparison with n-type μc-Si:H. μc-SiOx:H layers with low dark conductivity in the order of 10-11 S/cm, measured in the planar direction, can be successfully used as n-layers in amorphous silicon solar cells, resulting in an improved cell performance due to reduced parasitic absorption in the n-type layer. The results suggest anisotropic electrical transport in μc-SiOx:H materials, supported by an observation of elongated crystalline regions in high resolution TEM microscop
Ginzburg–Landau phase diagram of QCD near chiral critical point – chiral defect lattice and solitonic pion condensate

We investigate the influence of the isospin asymmetry on the phase structure of quark matter near the chiral critical point systematically using a generalized version of Ginzburg–Landau approach. The effect has proven to be so profound that it brings about not only a shift of the critical point but also a rich variety of phases in its neighborhood. In particular, there shows up a phase with spatially varying charged pion condensate which we name the “solitonic pion condensate” in addition to the “chiral defect lattice” where the chiral condensate is partially destructed by periodic placements of two-dimensional wall-like defects. Our results suggest that there may be an island of solitonic pion condensate in the low temperature and high density side of QCD phase diagram
N = 2 SUGRA BPS multi-center solutions, quadratic prepotentials and Freudenthal transformations

We present a detailed description of N = 2 stationary BPS multicenter black hole solutions for quadratic prepotentials with an arbitrary number of centers and scalar fields making a systematic use of the algebraic properties of the matrix of second derivatives of the prepotential, $ \mathcal{S} $ , which in this case is a scalar-independent matrix. In particular we obtain bounds on the physical parameters of the multicenter solution such as horizon areas and ADM mass. We discuss the possibility and convenience of setting up a basis of the symplectic vector space built from charge eigenvectors of the $ \mathcal{S} $ , the set of vectors (P ± q a ) with P ± $ \mathcal{S} $ -eigenspace projectors
Exceptional thermodynamics: the equation of state of G 2 gauge theory

We present a lattice study of the equation of state in Yang-Mills theory based on the exceptional G 2 gauge group. As is well-known, at zero temperature this theory shares many qualitative features with real-world QCD, including the absence of colored states in the spectrum and dynamical string breaking at large distances. In agreement with previous works, we show that at finite temperature this theory features a first-order deconfining phase transition, whose nature can be studied by a semi-classical computation. We also show that the equilibrium thermodynamic observables in the deconfined phase bear striking quantitative similarities with those found in SU( N ) gauge theories: in particular, these quantities exhibit nearly perfect proportionality to the number of gluon degrees of freedom, and the trace anomaly reveals a characteristic quadratic dependence on the temperature, also observed in SU( N ) Yang-Mills theories (both in four and in three spacetime dimensions). We compare our lattice data with analytical predictions from effective models, and discuss their implications for the deconfinement mechanism and high-temperature properties of strongly interacting, non-supersymmetric gauge theories. Our results give strong evidence for the conjecture that the thermal deconfining transition is governed by a universal mechanism, common to all simple gauge groups