pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Hidden starbursts and active galactic nuclei at 0 < z < 4   from the Herschel-VVDS-CFHTLS-D1 field:   Inferences on coevolution and feedback

International audienceWe investigate of the properties of ~2000 Herschel/SPIRE far-infrared-selected galaxies from 0 <z< 4 in the CFHTLS-D1 field. Using a combination of extensive spectroscopy from the VVDS and ORELSE surveys, deep multiwavelength imaging from CFHT, VLA, Spitzer, XMM-Newton, and Herschel, and well-calibrated spectral energy distribution fitting, Herschel-bright galaxies are compared to optically-selected galaxies at a variety of redshifts. Herschel-selected galaxies are observed to span a range of stellar masses, colors, and absolute magnitudes equivalent to galaxies undetected in SPIRE. Though many Herschel galaxies appear to be in transition, such galaxies are largely consistent with normal star-forming galaxies when rest-frame colors are utilized. The nature of the star-forming “main sequence” is studied and we warn against adopting this framework unless the main sequence is determined precisely. Herschel galaxies at different total infrared luminosities (LTIR) are compared. Bluer optical colors, larger nebular extinctions, and larger contributions from younger stellar populations are observed for galaxies with larger LTIR, suggesting that low-LTIR galaxies are undergoing rejuvenated starbursts while galaxies with higher LTIR are forming a larger percentage of their stellar mass. A variety of methods are used to select powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN). Galaxies hosting all types of AGN are observed to be undergoing starbursts more commonly and vigorously than a matched sample of galaxies without powerful AGN and, additionally, the fraction of galaxies with an AGN increases with increasing star formation rate at all redshifts. At all redshifts (0 <z< 4) the most prodigious star-forming galaxies are found to contain the highest fraction of powerful AGN. For redshift bins that allow a comparison (z> 0.5), the highest LTIR galaxies in a given redshift bin are unobserved by SPIRE at subsequently lower redshifts, a trend linked to downsizing. In conjunction with other results, this evidence is used to argue for prevalent AGN-driven quenching in starburst galaxies across cosmic time
Combination of 13 C/ 113 Cd NMR, potentiometry, and voltammetry in characterizing the interactions between Cd and two models of the main components of soil organic matter

International audienceThis work allowed the characterization of the Cd-binding sites of two compounds taken as models for exudates, the main components of soil organic matter (SOM). The studied compounds were exopolysaccharides (EPS), specifically exudates of roots (polygalacturonic acid) and of soil bacteria (Phytagel). Potentiometric acid– base titrations were performed and fitting of the obtained results indicated the presence of two main classes of acidic sites, defined by their pK a values, for both EPS but of a different nature when comparing the two compounds. The two studied exopolysaccharides presented different acidic/ basic site ratios: 0.15 for Phytagel and 0.76 for polyga-lacturonic acid. Spectroscopic techniques (13 C/ 113 Cd NMR, FTIR) distinguished different Cd surroundings for each of the studied EPS, which is in agreement with the titration results. Furthermore, these analyses indicated the presence of –COOH and –OH groups in various proportions for each exopolysaccharide, which should be linked to their reactiv-ity towards cadmium. Cadmium titrations (voltammetric measurements) also differentiated different binding sites for each compound and allowed the determination of the strength of the Cd-binding site of the EPS. Fitting of the results of such voltammetric measurements was performed using PROSECE (Programme d'Optimisation et de Speci-ation Chimique dans l'Environnement), a software coupling chemical speciation calculation and binding parameter optimization. The fitting, taking into account the Cd 2+ /H
Evaluation of tomographic reconstruction methods for small animal microCT and microPET/CT

International audienceBiological research on small animals is constantly demanding for imaging devices with higher performances like combined scanners enabling multiple modality data acquisition. In this context, we consider the concept of using hybrid X-ray pixel detectors (XPAD) with the clearPET to build a prototype of microPET/CT. The system will permit simultaneous acquisition of the anatomical and functional modalities. Thanks to the placement of the XPAD in front of the gamma detectors. It is foreseen to place the X-ray source outside the PET ring, thus involving a non-conventional off-centered circular geometry for the CT data acquisition. In a first step, a series of acquisitions were performed with a microCT, built with the XPAD2 detector. Our work consists first, in the investigation of several CT reconstruction methods for these acquisitions. We hereby compare the reconstruction results obtained with two variants of the Feldkamp and two analytical methods developed to compensate for some artifacts. Second, the reconstruction issue in the off-centered geometry is addressed by testing the same algorithms on numerical simulations. It appears that, if the next generation of XPAD detectors using smaller pixels is needed to obtain high resolution images, the reconstruction method employed, plays an important role and can efficiently improve the quality of the results
Mapping local density of young Eucalyptus plantations by individual tree detection in high spatial resolution satellite images

International audienceLocal tree density may vary in young Eucalyptus plantations under the effects of environmental conditions or inadequate management, and these variations need to be mapped over large areas as they have a significant impact on the final biomass harvested. High spatial resolution optical satellite images have the potential to provide crucial information on tree density at an affordable cost for forest management. Here, we test the capacity of this promising technique to map the local density of young and small Eucalyptus trees in a large plantation in Brazil. We use three Worldview panchromatic images acquired at a 50 cm resolution on different dates corresponding to trees aged 6, 9 and 13 months and define an overall accuracy index to evaluate the quality of the detection results. The best agreement between the local densities obtained by visual detection and by marked point process modeling was found at 9 months, with only small omission and commission errors and a stable 4% underestimation of the number of trees across the density gradient. We validated the capability of the MPP approach to detect trees aged 9 months by making a comparison with local densities recorded on 112 plots of ~590 m² and ranging between 1360 and 1700 trees per hectare. We obtained a good correlation (r²=0.88) with a root mean square error of 31 trees/ha. We generalized detection by computing a consistent map over the whole plantation. Our results showed that local tree density was not uniformly distributed even in a well-controlled intensively managed Eucalyptus plantation and therefore needed to be monitored and mapped. Use of the marked point process approach is then discussed with respect to stand characteristics (canopy closure), acquisition dates and recommendations for algorithm parameterization
Theoretical tools for atom-laser-beam propagation

International audienceWe present a theoretical model for the propagation of non-self-interacting atom laser beams. We start from a general propagation integral equation and we use the same approximations as in photon optics to derive tools to calculate the atom-laser-beam propagation. We discuss the approximations that allow one to reduce the general equation whether to a Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral calculated by using the stationary phase method, or to the eikonal. Within the paraxial approximation, we also introduce the ABCD matrices formalism and the beam quality factor. As an example, we apply these tools to analyze the recent experiment
Ebola Virus Infection: a review on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs considered for testing in human efficacy trials

International audienceThe 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is the largest epidemic to date in terms of number of cases, of death and affected areas. In October 2015, no antiviral agents had proven an antiviral efficacy in patients. However in September 2014 WHO inventoried and regularly updated since then a list of potential drug candidates with demonstrated antiviral efficacy in vitro or in animal models. This includes agents belonging to various therapeutic classes, namely direct antiviral agents (favipiravir and BCX4430), combination of antibodies (ZMapp), type I interferons, RNA interference-based drugs (TKM-Ebola and AVI-7537) and anticoagulant drug (rNAPc2).Here, we review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic information that are presently available on these drugs, using data obtained in healthy volunteers for pharmacokinetics and data obtained in human clinical trials or animal models for pharmacodynamics. Future studies evaluating these drugs in clinical trials will be critical to confirm their efficacy in humans, propose appropriate doses and evaluate the possibility of treatment combinations
Parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in edge plasma

International audienceIn the scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks, the flow acceleration due to the presence of limiter or divertor plates rises the plasma velocity in a sonic regime. These high velocities imply the presence of a strong shear between the SOL and the core of the plasma that can possibly trigger some parallel shear flow instability. The existence of these instabilities, denoted as parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in some works [1, 2] have been investigated theoretically in [3] using a minimal model of electrostatic turbulence composed of a mass density and parallel velocity equations. This work showed that the edge plasma around limiters might indeed be unstable to this type of parallel shear flow instabilities. In this work, we perform 3D simulations of the same simple mathematical model to validate an original finite volume numerical method aimed to the numerical study of edge plasma. This method combines the use of triangular unstructured meshes in the poloidal section and structured meshes in the toroidal direction and is particularly suited to the representation of the real complex geometry of the vacuum chamber of a tokamak. The numerical results confirm that in agreement with the theoretical expectations as well as with other numerical methods, the sheared flows in the SOL are subject to parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. However, the growth rate of these instabilities is low and these computations require both a sufficient spatial resolution and a long simulation time. This makes the simulation of parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities a demanding benchmark
Lithium colloids and color center creation in electron-irradiated Li2NH observed by electron-spin resonance

4 pagesInternational audienceWe have irradiated Li2NH powder with MeV electrons at room temperature and investigated the introduced defects with electron spin resonance. CESR indicates the presence of nanosize metallic Li colloids seen as a Lorentzian line with a g = 2.0023 and a line width DeltaH = 50 microT. A second, broader, signal (DeltaH = 3 to 4 mT) appears superimposed upon the Li line at low T (Curie-type behavior) which exhibits complex T-dependence with a break near 180 K for its g-value and DeltaH. We are suggesting for the latter a vacancy-type defect in the NH-sublattice, with freezing of its H-component below 180 K. When heated both the Li colloids and the color centers anneal around 100 C probably due to hydrogen evolution and subsequent chemical degradation
Simultaneous precipitation of magnesite and lizardite from hydrothermal alteration of olivine under high-carbonate alkalinity

13 pagesInternational audienceThe present study reports original experiments in order to investigate the simultaneous serpentinization and carbonation of olivine with relevance in Earth systems (e.g. functioning of hydrothermal fields) or in engineered systems (e.g. ex-situ and in-situ mineral sequestration of CO2). For this case, specific experimental conditions were examined (200°C, saturated vapor pressure ≈ 16bar, solution/solid weight ratio = 15, olivine grain size < 30µm and high-carbonate alkalinity ≈ 1M NaHCO3). Under these conditions, competitive precipitation of magnesite and serpentine (preferentially lizardite type) were clearly determined by using conventional analytic tools (XRD, FESEM, FTIR and TGA); excluding the fate of the iron initially contained in olivine, the alteration reaction for olivine under high-carbonate alkalinity can be expressed as follows: 2〖Mg〗_2 SiO_4+2H_2 O+H〖CO〗_3^-→Mg〖CO〗_3+〖Mg〗_3 〖Si〗_2 O_5 〖(OH)〗_4+〖OH〗^- This reaction mechanism implied a dissolution process, releasing Mg and Si ions into solution until supersaturation of solution with respect to magnesite and/or serpentine. The released iron contained in the olivine has not implied any precipitation of iron oxides or (oxy)hydroxides; in fact, the released iron was partially oxidized (about 50%) via a simple reduction of water (2〖Fe〗^(2+)+〖2H〗_2 O→2〖Fe〗^(3+)+H_2+2〖OH〗^-). In this way, the released iron was incorporated in serpentine (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) and in magnesite (Fe(II). This latter was clearly determined by FESEM/EDS chemical analysis on the single magnesite crystals. The nucleation and epitaxial growth processes at the olivine-fluid interfaces cannot be excluded in our investigated system. The experimental kinetic data fitted by using a kinetic pseudo-second-order model have revealed a retarding process of serpentine formation with respect to magnesite (about three times slower); in fact, the magnesite seems to reach an apparent stabilization after about 20 days of reaction while the serpentine follows a progressive slower evolution. We assumed that the magnesite has reached a fast apparent equilibrium with solution because the available carbonate species are not renewed from fluid phase as typically constrained in aqueous carbonation experiments where a given CO2 pressure is imposed in the system. On the other hand, the reactivity of serpentinized olivine (chrysotile+brucite+small amount of residual olivine) and high-purity chrysotile at the same above investigated conditions; and the olivine serpentinization in initial acid pH ≈ 0.66 are also reported as complementary information in this study. These novel experimental results concerning simultaneous serpentinization and aqueous carbonation of olivine expand the thermodynamic conditions where serpentine and magnesite can simultaneously precipitate; this could contribute to a better understanding of fluid-rock interactions in natural active hydrothermal fields on Earth
Nitrogen in peridotite xenoliths: Lithophile behavior and magmatic isotope fractionation

International audienceIn order to document the origin and speciation of nitrogen in mantle-derived rocks and minerals, the N and Ar contents and isotopic compositions were investigated for hydrous and anhydrous peridotite xenoliths from Ataq, Yemen, from Eifel, Germany, and from Massif Central, France. Nitrogen and Ar were extracted by stepwise combustion with a fine temperature resolution, followed by fusion in a platinum crucible. A large isotopic disequilibrium of up to 25.4‰ is observed within single peridotite xenoliths, with δ15N values as low as −17.3‰ in phlogopite whereas clinopyroxene and olivine show positive δ15N values. Identical Sr isotopic ratios of phlogopite, clinopyroxene and whole rock in this wehrlite sample are consistent with crystallization from a common reservoir, suggesting that the light N signature of phlogopite might be the result of isotopic fractionation during N uptake from the host magma. The nitrogen concentration is systematically high in phlogopite, (7.6–25.7 ppm), whereas that of bulk peridotite xenoliths is between 0.1 and 0.8 ppm. The high N content of phlogopite is at least partly due to host magma–mineral interaction, and may also suggest the occurrence of N as View the MathML source that substituted for K+ during mineral growth in mafic magmas. Such speciation is consistent with the fact that N and Rb contents correlate well for a set of samples from mantle regions that were affected by subduction-related metasomatism and magmatism. The N/Rb ratios of these samples are comparable with values estimated for subduction zone magmas, but are one order of magnitude lower than the N/Rb ratios characterizing subducting slabs. This difference suggests preferential release of N relative to alkalis in the forearc region. N/40Ar* ratios of minerals from analyzed mantle xenoliths are much higher than those of vesicles in MORBs and OIBs, requiring either the occurrence of nitrogen speciation in the mantle more compatible than Ar, significant loss of fluid phase during entrainment, or long residence time of volatile elements in the mantle source(s) of fluids to increase drastically the 40Ar* budget of the latter
U-Th stratigraphy of a cold seep carbonate crust

International audienceOn continental margins, oxidation of methane-rich fluids from the sediment often leads to formation of authigenic carbonate pavements on the seafloor. The biogeochemical processes involved during this carbonate precipitation are increasingly understood, but little is known about the duration or mode of carbonate crust formation. Here, we report uranium and thorium concentrations and isotope compositions for a set of 14 samples drilled across an authigenic carbonate pavement, which provide the first stratigraphy for a cold-seep carbonate crust. The 5.5-cm thick crust (NL7-CC2) was collected by submersible on the Nile deep-sea fan in an area of active fluid venting. U-Th analyses must be corrected for initial Th and measurement of co-existing sediments indicates the presence of both scavenged and detrital initial 230Th, which must be considered during this correction. The calculated 230Th/U age-depth profile for NL7-CC2 provides evidence for continuous downward carbonate precipitation at the studied location over the last ~ 5000 years. Three distinct phases can be distinguished from top to bottom with average growth rates of ~ 0.4, 5 and 0.8 cm/kyr, respectively, corresponding to carbonate precipitation rates ranging from ~ 7 to 92 µmol m2 h− 1 (rates consistent with previous estimates). High-resolution δ13C profiles [Gontharet, S., Pierre, C., Blanc-Valleron, M.-M., Rouchy, J.M., Fouquet, Y., Bayon, G., Foucher, J.P., Woodside, J., Mascle, J., The Nautinil Scientific Party, 2007. Nature and origin of diagenetic carbonate crusts and concretions from mud volcanoes and pockmarks of the Nile deep-sea fan (eastern Mediterranean Sea). Deep Sea Res. II 54, 1292-1311] and major elements across NL7-CC2 show that the variations in carbonate precipitation rates were also accompanied by changes in carbonate mineralogy and fluid composition. We suggest that these changes primarily reflect modification of the diagenetic environment, i.e. a progressive depletion of dissolved sulphate through anaerobic oxidation of methane, caused by the initial carbonate crust formation and the resulting reduction in bioirrigation. Overall, U-Th dating of cold seep carbonates offers a promising tool to bring new insights into biogeochemical processes at cold seeps and to assess the timing and duration of fluid venting on continental margins
New nonlinear CPRNG based on tent and logistic maps

International audienceThis paper is devoted to the design of new chaotic Pseudo Random Number Generator (CPRNG). Exploring several topologies of network of 1-D coupled chaotic mapping, we focus first on two dimensional networks. Two coupled maps are studied:  TTL^{RC}  non-alternate, and  TTL^{SC}   alternate. The primary idea of the novel maps has been based on an original coupling of the tent and logistic maps to achieve excellent random properties and homogeneous /uniform/ density in the phase plane, thus  guaranteeing maximum security when used for chaos base cryptography. In this aim a new nonlinear CPRNG:  MTTL_{2}^{SC}  is proposed. In addition, we explore higher dimension and the proposed ring coupling with injection mechanism enables us to achieve the strongest security requirements
A reduced-order strategy for 4D-Var data assimilation

This paper presents a reduced-order approach for four-dimensional variational data assimilation, based on a prior EO F analysis of a model trajectory. This method implies two main advantages: a natural model-based definition of a mul tivariate background error covariance matrix $\textbf{B}_r$, and an important decrease of the computational burden o f the method, due to the drastic reduction of the dimension of the control space. % An illustration of the feasibility and the effectiveness of this method is given in the academic framework of twin experiments for a model of the equatorial Pacific ocean. It is shown that the multivariate aspect of $\textbf{B}_r$ brings additional information which substantially improves the identification procedure. Moreover the computational cost can be decreased by one order of magnitude with regard to the full-space 4D-Var method
Association of frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption with cardiovascular disease among smokers and non smoker men
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Fruit, vegetable, cardiovascular disease and smoking

International audienceBackground. Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a lower cardiovascular (CVD) risk. Smoking, in contrast, is a major CVD risk factor. Objective. To compare the relationship between the frequency of F&V intake and CVD risk in current, former and never smoker men. Design. The PRIME study is a prospective study in men (n=8060), aged 50-59 years, free of coronary heart disease or stroke at inclusion, recruited in France and Northern Ireland between 1991 and 1993. Frequency of F&V intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The outcomes are incident cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and total coronary heart disease and stroke (CVD) observed over 10 years. Results. During the follow-up, a total of 367 ACS and 612 CVD events occurred. In multivariable analyses we found a statistical interaction between smoking status and frequency of F&V intake and for ACS and CVD (p< 0.05). In smokers, the relative risks for ACS was 0.78 [0.54-1.13] in the 2nd and 0.49 [0.30-0.81] in the 3rd tertile of F&V intake compared to the 1st tertile (p trend<0.001); the results for CVD were 0.80 [0.59-1.08] and 0.64 [0.44-0.93], respectively (p trend<0.001). In contrast, no statistically significant associations were observed among never and former smokers. Similar statistical interactions for ACS were observed for fruit intake (p=0.07) and vegetable (p <0.05). Conclusion. These results suggest that high F&V intake in men is associated with favourable CVD outcomes in smokers