pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices:  band-gap structure and solitons

We analyze the existence and stability of spatially extended (Bloch-type) and localized states of a Bose-
Einstein condensate loaded into an optical lattice. In the framework of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a
periodic potential, we study the band-gap structure of the matter-wave spectrum in both the linear and nonlinear
regimes. We demonstrate the existence of families of spatially localized matter-wave gap solitons, and
analyze their stability in different band gaps, for both repulsive and attractive atomic interactions
Progress towards Bell-type polarization experiment with thermal neutrons

Experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities distinguishing between quantum
mechanics and local realistic theories remain of considerable interest if
performed on massive particles, for which no conclusive result has yet been
obtained. Only two-particle experiments may specifically test the concept of
spatial nonlocality in quantum theory, whereas single-particle experiments may
generally test the concept of quantum noncontextuality. Here we have performed
the first Bell-type experiment with a beam of thermal-neutron pairs in the
singlet state of spin, as originally suggested by J. S. Bell. These
measurements confirm the quantum-theoretical predictions, in agreement with the
results of the well-known polarization experiments carried out on optical
photons years ago
Comprehensive validation of published immunohistochemical prognostic biomarkers of prostate cancer-what has gone wrong? A blueprint for the way forward in biomarker studies

Background: Treatment planning of localised prostate cancer remains challenging. Besides conventional parameters, a wealth of prognostic biomarkers has been proposed so far. None of which, however, have successfully been implemented in a routine setting so far. The aim of our study was to systematically verify a set of published prognostic markers for prostate cancer.\ud
Methods: Following an in-depth PubMed search, 28 markers were selected that have been proposed as multivariate prognostic markers for primary prostate cancer. Their prognostic validity was examined in a radical prostatectomy cohort of 238 patients with a median follow-up of 60 months and biochemical progression as endpoint of the analysis. Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using previously published cut-off values, but allowing for optimisation if necessary. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to determine the prognostic value of biomarkers included in this study.\ud
Results: Despite the application of various cut-offs in the analysis, only four (14%) markers were verified as independently prognostic (AKT1, stromal AR, EZH2, and PSMA) for PSA relapse following radical prostatectomy.\ud
Conclusions: Apparently, many immunohistochemistry-based studies on prognostic markers seem to be over-optimistic. Codes of best practice, such as the REMARK guidelines, may facilitate the performance of conclusive and transparent future studies
Phase-resolved energy spectra of the Crab Pulsar in the range of 50-400 GeV measured with the MAGIC Telescopes

We use 73 h of stereoscopic data taken with the MAGIC telescopes to investigate the very high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission of the Crab pulsar. Our data show a highly significant pulsed signal in the energy range from 50 to 400 GeV in both the main pulse (P1) and the interpulse (P2) phase regions. We provide the widest spectra to date of the VHE components of both peaks, and these spectra extend to the energy range of satellite-borne observatories. The good resolution and background rejection of the stereoscopic MAGIC system allows us to cross-check the correctness of each spectral point of the pulsar by comparison with the corresponding (strong and well-known) Crab nebula flux. The spectra of both P1 and P2 are compatible with power laws with photon indices of 4.0 ± 0.8 (P1) and 3.42 ± 0.26 (P2), respectively, and the ratio P1/P2 between the photon counts of the two pulses is 0.54 ± 0.12. The VHE emission can be understood as an additional component produced by the inverse Compton scattering of secondary and tertiary e+- pairs on IR-UV photons
Elaboration, characterization of Cr-N based coatings

Cr, CrN and CrAlN monolayers were synthesized by RF dual magnetron sputtering on AISI4140 steel and silicon substrates at 200°C. Multilayers coatings based on the three mono-layers such as CrN/CrAlN and Cr/CrN/CrAlN were also synthesized only on Si. The physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the layers were determined by AFM, SEM+WDS, stress, roughness and nanoindentation measurements. The influence of the thickness on the mechanical properties of the monolayers stresses has been studied and as a consequence we compared the mono and multilayers stress state
Biochemical composition of copepods for evaluation of feed quality in production of juvenile marine fish

To increase current knowledge on the nutritional value of natural prey organisms, the biochemical components of mainly three copepods (Acartia grani, Centropages hamatus, and Eurytemora affinis) from a marine pond system were analysed once a week from spring until late fall, over two years. The analysed components were total lipid, lipid class composition, total lipid fatty acid composition, free amino acids, total protein, protein-bound amino acids, pigment (astaxanthin and ß-carotene), and vitamins (A, thiamine, riboflavin, C, D3, and E). Copepod dry weight (DW), dry matter (% of wet weight), and ash content (% of DW) were also determined. The data are unique due to the homogenous content of copepods in the samples and the long time span of sampling. The copepods were characterised by moderate levels of lipids (6.9-22.5% of DW), with polar lipids accounting for 37.9 to70.2% of the total lipid. The most abundant fatty acids in total lipid (as % of total lipid) were 16:0 (palmitic acid, 10.8-17.1%), 20:5n-3 (EPA, 8.3-24.6%), and 22:6n-3 (DHA, 13.9-42.3%). The amount of 20:4n-6 (ARA) was generally low (0-2.6%), giving an EPA/ARA range between 7.5and 49.5. The DHA/EPA ratio was between 1.0 and 4.9. Free amino acids (FAA) constituted between 4.3 and 8.9% of copepod DW, and varied with salinity. Glycine, taurine, and arginine dominated FAA, and the fraction of indispensable amino acids varied between 15.5 and 26.8%. Protein, as back-calculated from the protein-bound amino acids (PAA), amounted to 32.7-53.6% of copepod DW, and contained a stable fraction of indispensable amino acids (37.3-43.2% of PAA). Glutamine/glutamic acid, asparagine/aspartic acid, leucine, alanine, and glycine were the most abundant PAA. Astaxanthin was abundant in the copepods (413-1422 μg/g DW), while ß-carotene was not found. High but variable concentrations of vitamin C (38-1232 μg/g DW) and vitamin E (23-209 μg/g DW) were found, while vitamin A and D3 occurred in trace amounts or were not detected. Detectable levels were found
 for both thiamine (3.5-46.0 μg/g DW) and riboflavin (23.2-35.7 μg/g DW). The data may generate an important base for improvement of live feed enrichment emulsions or formulated feeds used during larval and early juvenile stages in marine fish culture
Computer vision based method for real-time fire and flame detection

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This paper proposes a novel method to detect fire and/or flames in real-time by processing the video data generated by an ordinary camera monitoring a scene. In addition to ordinary motion and color clues, flame and fire flicker is detected by analyzing the video in the wavelet domain. Quasi-periodic behavior in flame boundaries is detected by performing temporal wavelet transform. Color variations in flame regions are detected by computing the spatial wavelet transform of moving fire-colored regions. Another clue used in the fire detection algorithm is the irregularity of the boundary of the fire-colored region. All of the above clues are combined to reach a final decision. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very successful in detecting fire and/or flames. In addition, it drastically reduces the false alarms issued to ordinary fire-colored moving objects as compared to the methods using only motion and color clues. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Environmental effects on irradiation creep behavior of highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloys (NIFS-Heats) irradiated by neutrons

In order to investigate the effect of the environment on the irradiation creep properties of
highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloys, neutron irradiation experiments with sodium-enclosed irradiation
capsules in Joyo and lithium-enclosed irradiation capsules in HFIR-17J were carried out using
pressurized creep tubes (PCTs).
It was found that the creep strain rate exhibited a linear relationship with the effective stress
up to 150 MPa at 458°C and 598°C in the Joyo irradiation experiments. For HFIR-17J irradiation
at 425°C, the creep strain rate also exhibited a linear relationship with the effective stress up to
150 MPa. The activation energy of the irradiation creep and irradiation creep stress factor were
estimated to be 46 kJ/mol·K and 1 to 2, respectively. No significant difference in the irradiation
creep behavior between liquid-sodium and liquid-lithium environments could be seen
Modulation of urban atmospheric electric field measurements with the wind direction in Lisbon (Portugal)

Atmospheric electric field measurements (potential gradient, PG) were retrieved in the urban environment of the city of Lisbon (Portugal). The measurements were performed with a Benndorf electrograph at the Portela Meteorological station in the suburbs of the city (NE from the centre). The period of 1980 to 1990 is considered here. According to wind direction, different content and types of ions and aerosols arrive at the measurement site causing significant variations to the PG. To the south there are significant pollution sources while to the north such sources are scarcer . The Iberian Peninsula is found east of the station and the Atlantic Ocean covers the western sector, Wind directions are divided in four sectors: i) NW: 270º ≤ θ ≤ 360º; ii) NE: 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90º; iii) SE: 90 ≤ θ ≤ 180º; iv) SW: 180º ≤ θ ≤ 270º. Analysis of weekly cycle, caused by anthropogenic pollution related with urban activity, was undertaken for each wind sector. NW sector has been shown to be less affected by this cycle, which is attributed to the effect of marine air. The daily variation of NE sector for weekends reveals a similar behaviour to the Carnegie curve, which corresponds to a clean air daily variation of PG, following universal time, independent of measurement site
Referral for specialist follow-up and its association with post-discharge mortality among patients with systolic heart failure (from the National Heart Failure Audit for England and Wales)

For patients admitted with worsening heart failure (HF), early follow-up after discharge is recommended. Whether outcomes can be improved when follow-up is done by cardiologists is uncertain. We aimed to determine the association between cardiology follow-up and risk of death for patients with HF discharged from hospital. Using data from the National Heart Failure Audit (England and Wales), we investigated the effect of referral to cardiology follow-up on 30-day and 1-year mortality in 68,772 patients with HF and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction discharged from 185 hospitals from 2007 to 2013. The primary analyses used instrumental variable analysis complemented by hierarchical logistic and propensity-matched models. At the hospital level, rates of referral to cardiologists varied from 6% to 96%. The median odds ratio (OR) for referral to cardiologist was 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1 to 2.5), suggesting that, on average, the odds of a patient being referred for cardiologist follow-up after discharge differed ∼2.3 times from one randomly selected hospital to another one. Based on the proportion of patients (per region) referred for cardiology follow-up, referral for cardiology follow-up was associated with lower 30-day (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.89) and 1-year mortality (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.95) compared with no plans for cardiology follow-up (i.e., standard follow-up done by family doctors). Results from hierarchical logistic models and propensity-matched models were consistent (30-day mortality OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.61 to 0.72 and 0.66; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.76 for hierarchical and propensity matched models, respectively). For patients with HF and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction admitted to hospital with worsening symptoms, referral to cardiology services for follow-up after discharge is strongly associated with reduced mortality, both early and late
Entanglement, information and multiparticle quantum operations

Collective operations on a network of spatially-separated quantum systems can be carried out using local quantum (LQ) operations, classical communication (CC) and shared entanglement (SE). Such operations can also be used to communicate classical information and establish entanglement between distant parties. We show how these facts lead to measures of the inseparability of quantum operations, and argue that a maximally-inseparable operation on 2 qubits is the SWAP operation. The generalisation of our argument to N qubit operations leads to the conclusion that permutation operations are maximally-inseparable. For even N, we find the minimum SE and CC resources which are sufficient to perform an arbitrary collective operation. These minimum resources are 2(N − 1) ebits and 4(N − 1) bits, and these limits can be attained using a simple teleportation-based protocol. We also obtain lower bounds on the minimum resources for the odd case. For all N4, we show that the SE/CC resources required to perform an arbitrary operation are strictly greater than those that any operation can establish/communicate
Sitting-time, physical activity and depressive symptoms in mid-aged women

Background: \ud
Associations between sitting-time and physical activity (PA) with depression are unclear.\ud
\ud
Purpose: \ud
To examine concurrent and prospective associations between both sitting-time and PA with prevalent depressive symptoms in mid-aged Australian women.\ud
\ud
Methods: \ud
Data were from 8,950 women, aged 50-55 years in 2001, who completed mail surveys in 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2010. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression questionnaire. Associations between sitting-time (≤4, >4-7, >7 hrs/day) and PA (none, some, meeting guidelines) with depressive symptoms (symptoms/no symptoms) were examined in 2011 in concurrent and lagged mixed effect logistic modeling. Both main effects and interaction models were developed.\ud
\ud
Results: \ud
In main effects modeling, women who sat >7 hrs/day (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.29-1.67) and women who did no PA (OR 1.99, 95%CI 1.75-2.27) were more likely to have depressive symptoms than women who sat ≤4 hrs/day and who met PA guidelines, respectively. In interaction modeling, the likelihood of depressive symptoms in women who sat >7 hrs/day and did no PA was triple that of women who sat ≤4 hrs/day and met PA guidelines (OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.37-3.69). In prospective main effects and interaction modeling, sitting-time was not associated with depressive symptoms, but women who did no PA were more likely than those who met PA guidelines to have future depressive symptoms (OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.08-1.47).\ud
 \ud
Conclusions: \ud
Increasing PA to a level commensurate with PA guidelines can alleviate current depression symptoms and prevent future symptoms in mid-aged women. Reducing sitting-time may ameliorate current symptoms
Public sector corruption and the probability of technological disasters

A growing number of studies have explored the influence of institution on the outcomes of disasters and accidents from the viewpoint of political economy. This paper focuses on the probability of the occurrence of disasters rather than disaster outcomes. Using panel data from 98 countries, this paper examines how public sector corruption is associated with the probability of technological disasters. It was found that public sector corruption raises the probability of technological disasters. This result is robust when endogeneity bias is controlled.
Differential influence of instruments in nuclear core activity evaluation by data assimilation

The global activity fields of a nuclear core can be reconstructed using data assimilation. Data assimilation allows to combine measurements from instruments, and information from a model, to evaluate the best possible activity within the core. We present and apply a specific procedure which evaluates this influence by adding or removing instruments in a given measurement network (possibly empty). The study of various network configurations of instruments in the nuclear core establishes that influence of the instruments depends both on the independant instrumentation location and on the chosen network
Supercritical solvent impregnation of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene) and poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) blends for controlled release applications

Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) blends were successfully impregnated with timolol maleate, an anti-glaucoma drug, using a supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) technique. Supercritical fluid impregnation efficiency results suggested that the best impregnating conditions were obtained when a cosolvent was used and when specific drug–polymer interactions occurred as a consequence of different chemical structures due to polymer blending. Pressure can be either a favourable factor, when there is enough drug affinity for the polymers, or an unfavourable factor when weaker bonding is involved. In order to determine the relative hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the blends, contact angle analysis was performed, while crystallinity determination was also useful to understand the obtained release profiles.

Drug loading, heterogeneous/homogeneous dispersion of drug inside the matrix, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, all seem to influence the obtained drug release rates. The “in vitro” release results suggested that a sustained drug release rate can be obtained by changing the SSI operational conditions and by modulating the composition of blends, as a mean to control crystallinity, hydrophilicity and drug affinity for the polymer matrix. After a first day burst release, all samples showed a sustained release profile (1.2–4 μg/(ml day), corresponding to a mass of 3–10 μg/day) which is between the therapeutic and toxic levels of timolol maleate, during a period of 1 month. These drug-loaded polymeric matrices can be a feasible alternative treatment modality for the conventional repeated daily administration of eye drops
Convolutional neural networks applied to neutrino events in a liquid argon time projection chamber

We present several studies of convolutional neural networks applied to data coming from the MicroBooNE detector, a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). The algorithms studied include the classification of single particle images, the localization of single particle and neutrino interactions in an image, and the detection of a simulated neutrino event overlaid with cosmic ray backgrounds taken from real detector data. These studies demonstrate the potential of convolutional neural networks for particle identification or event detection on simulated neutrino interactions. We also address technical issues that arise when applying this technique to data from a large LArTPC at or near ground level
General up to next-nearest neighbour elasticity of triangular lattices
  in three dimensions

We establish the most general form of the discrete elasticity of a 2D
triangular lattice embedded in three dimensions, taking into account up to
next-nearest neighbour interactions. Besides crystalline system, this is
relevant to biological physics (e.g., red blood cell cytoskeleton) and soft
matter (e.g., percolating gels, etc.). In order to correctly impose the
rotational invariance of the bulk terms, it turns out to be necessary to take
into account explicitly the elasticity associated with the vertices located at
the edges of the lattice. We find that some terms that were suspected in the
litterature to violate rotational symmetry are in fact admissibl
Thermodynamics of Lovelock black holes with a nonminimal scalar field

We source the Lovelock gravity theories indexed by an integer k and fixed by
requiring a unique anti-de Sitter vacuum with a self-interacting nonminimal
scalar field in arbitrary dimension d. For each inequivalent Lovelock gravity
theory indexed by the integer k, we establish the existence of a two-parametric
self-interacting potential that permits to derive a class of black hole
solutions with planar horizon for any arbitrary value of the nonminimal
coupling parameter. In the thermodynamical analysis of the solution, we show
that, once regularized the Euclidean action, the mass contribution coming form
the gravity side exactly cancels, order by order, the one arising from the
matter part yielding to a vanishing mass. This result is in accordance with the
fact that the entropy of the solution, being proportional to the lapse function
evaluated at the horizon, also vanishes. Consequently, the integration constant
appearing in the solution is interpreted as a sort of hair which turns out to
vanish at high temperature.Comment: 11 page
Long-range correlations and the momentum distribution in nuclei

The influence of correlations on the momentum distribution of nucleons in nuclei is evaluated starting from a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction. The calculations are performed directly for the finite nucleus \,^{16}O making use of the Green's function approach. The emphasis is focused on the correlations induced by the excitation modes at low energies described within a model-space of shell-model configurations including states up to the sdg shell. Our analysis demonstrates that these long-range correlations do not produce any significant enhancement of the momentum distribution at high missing momenta and low missing energies. This is in agreement with high resolution (e,e'p) experiments for this nucleus. We also try to simulate the corresponding effects in large nuclei by quenching the energy-spacing between single-particle orbits. This yields a sizable enhancement of the spectral function at large momenta and small energy. Such behavior could explain the deviation of the momentum distribution from the mean field prediction, which has been observed in (e,e'p) experiments on heavy nuclei like ^{208}Pb
Influence of classical resonances on chaotic tunnelling

Dynamical tunnelling between symmetry-related stable modes is studied in the
periodically driven pendulum. We present strong evidence that the tunnelling
process is governed by nonlinear resonances that manifest within the regular
phase-space islands on which the stable modes are localized. By means of a
quantitative numerical study of the corresponding Floquet problem, we identify
the trace of such resonances not only in the level splittings between
near-degenerate quantum states, where they lead to prominent plateau
structures, but also in overlap matrix elements of the Floquet eigenstates,
which reveal characteristic sequences of avoided crossings in the Floquet
spectrum. The semiclassical theory of resonance-assisted tunnelling yields good
overall agreement with the quantum-tunnelling rates, and indicates that partial
barriers within the chaos might play a prominent role