pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Slip distributions on active normal faults measured from LiDAR and field mapping of geomorphic offsets : an example from L’Aquila, Italy, and implications for modelling seismic moment release.

Surface slip distributions for an active normal fault in central Italy have been measured using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), in order to assess the impact of changes in fault orientation and kinematics when modelling subsurface slip distributions that control seismic moment release. The southeastern segment of the surface trace of the Campo Felice active normal fault near the city of L’Aquila was mapped and surveyed using techniques from structural geology and using TLS to define the vertical and horizontal offsets of geomorphic slopes since the last glacial maximum (15 ± 3 ka). The fault geometry and kinematics measured from 43 sites and throw/heave measurements from geomorphic offsets seen on 250 scarp profiles were analysed using a modification of the Kostrov equations to calculate the magnitudes and directions of horizontal principal strain-rates. The map trace of the studied fault is linear, except where a prominent bend has formed to link across a former left-stepping relay-zone. The dip of the fault and slip direction are constant across the bend. Throw-rates since 15 ± 3 ka decrease linearly from the fault centre to the tip, except in the location of the prominent bend where higher throw rates are recorded. Vertical coseismic offsets for two palaeoearthquake ruptures seen as fresh strips of rock at the base of the bedrock scarp also increase within the prominent bend. The principal strain-rate, calculated by combining strike, dip, slip-direction and post 15 ± 3 ka throw rate, decreases linearly from the fault centre towards the tip; the strain-rate does not increase across the prominent fault bend. The above shows that changes in fault strike, whilst having no effect on the principal horizontal strain-rate, can produce local maxima in throw-rates during single earthquakes that persist over the timescale of multiple earthquakes (15 ± 3 ka). Detailed geomorphological and structural characterisation of active faults is therefore a critical requirement in order to properly define fault activity for the purpose of accurate seismic hazard assessment. We discuss the implications of modelling subsurface slip distributions for earthquake ruptures through inversion of GPS, InSAR and strong motion data using planar fault approximations, referring to recent examples on the nearby Paganica fault that ruptured in the Mw 6.3 2009 L’Aquila Earthquake
Robust detection of exotic infectious diseases in animal herds : a comparative study of three decision methodologies under severe uncertainty.

When animals are transported and pass through customs, some of them may have dangerous infectious diseases. Typically, due to the cost of testing, not all animals are tested: a reasonable selection must be made. How to test effectively whilst avoiding costly disease outbreaks? First, we extend a model proposed in the literature for the detection of invasive species to suit our purpose. Secondly, we explore and compare three decision methodologies on the problem at hand, namely, Bayesian statistics, info-gap theory and imprecise probability theory, all of which are designed to handle severe uncertainty. We show that, under rather general conditions, every info-gap solution is maximal with respect to a suitably chosen imprecise probability model, and that therefore, perhaps surprisingly, the set of maximal options can be inferred at least partly---and sometimes entirely---from an info-gap analysis
Galaxy-scale AGN Feedback - Theory

Powerful relativistic jets in radio galaxies are capable of driving strong
outflows but also inducing star-formation by pressure-triggering collapse of
dense clouds. We review theoretical work on negative and positive active
galactic nuclei feedback, discussing insights gained from recent hydrodynamical
simulations of jet-driven feedback on galaxy scales that are applicable to
compact radio sources. The simulations show that the efficiency of feedback and
the relative importance of negative and positive feedback depends strongly on
interstellar medium properties, especially the column depth and spatial
distribution of clouds. Negative feedback is most effective if clouds are
distributed spherically and individual clouds have small column depths, while
positive feedback is most effective if clouds are predominantly in a disc-like
configuration.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings from the 5th Workshop on Compact
  Steep Spectrum and GHz-peaked Spectrum Radio Source
Modeling non-thermal emission from stellar bow shocks

Runaway O- and early B-type stars passing throughout the interstellar medium
at supersonic velocities and characterized by strong stellar winds may produce
bow shocks that can serve as particle acceleration sites. Previous theoretical
models predict the production of high energy photons by non-thermal radiative
processes, but their efficiency is still debated. We aim to test and explain
the possibility of emission from the bow shocks formed by runaway stars
traveling through the interstellar medium by using previous theoretical models.
We apply our model to AE Aurigae, the first reported star with an X-ray
detected bow shock, to BD+43 3654, in which the observations failed in
detecting high energy emission, and to the transition phase of a supergiant
star in the late stages of its life.From our analysis, we confirm that the
X-ray emission from the bow shock produced by AE Aurigae can be explained by
inverse Compton processes involving the infrared photons of the heated dust. We
also predict low high energy flux emission from the bow shock produced by BD+43
3654, and the possibility of high energy emission from the bow shock formed by
a supergiant star during the transition phase from blue to red supergiant.Bow
shock formed by different type of runaway stars are revealed as a new possible
source of high energy photons in our neighbourhood
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). Star formation
  history of passive galaxies

We trace the evolution and the star formation history of passive galaxies,
using a subset of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). We
extracted from the VIPERS survey a sample of passive galaxies in the redshift
range 0.4<z<1.0 and stellar mass range 10<$log(M_{star}/M_{\odot})$<12. The
sample was selected using an evolving cut in the rest-frame U-V color
distribution and additional quality-ensuring cuts. We use the stacked spectra
to measure the 4000$\AA$ break (D4000) and the $H\delta$ Lick index
($H\delta_{A}$) with high precision. We compare the results with a grid of
synthetic spectra to constrain the star formation epochs of these galaxies. We
characterize the formation redshift-stellar mass relation for
intermediate-redshift passive galaxies. We find that at $z\sim1$ stellar
populations in low-mass passive galaxies are younger than in high-mass passive
galaxies, similarly to what is observed at the present epoch. Over the full
analyzed redshift and stellar mass range, the $D4000$ index increases with
redshift, while $H\delta_{A}$ gets lower. This implies that the stellar
populations are getting older with increasing stellar mass. Comparison to the
spectra of passive galaxies in the SDSS survey shows that the shape of the
relations of $D4000$, and $H\delta_{A}$ with stellar mass has not changed
significantly with redshift. Assuming a single burst formation, this implies
that high-mass passive galaxies formed their stars at $z_{form}\sim2$, while
low-mass galaxies formed their main stellar population more recently, at
$z_{form}\sim1$. The consistency of these results, obtained using two
independent estimator of the formation redshift ($D4000$ and $H\delta_{A}$),
further strengthens a scenario in which star formation proceeds from higher- to
lower-mass systems as time passes, i.e. what has become known as the
'downsizing' picture.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted to A&
Risk profiles and prognosis of treated and untreated hypertensive men and women in a population-based longitudinal study. The Reykjavik study

The aim was to examine the risk profiles and prognosis of treated and untreated hypertensive subjects and examine to what degree confounding by indication was present in a population-based cohort study with up to 30-year follow-up. The study population consisted of 9328 men and 10 062 women, aged 33-87 years at the time of attendance from 1967 to 1996. The main outcome measures were myocardial infarction (MI), cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and all-cause mortality. Comparing the risk profiles between treated and untreated subjects entering the study showed significantly higher values for some risk factors for treated subjects. During the first 10 years, hypertensive men without treatment, compared with those treated, had a significantly lower risk of suffering MI, CVD and all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR) 0.72 (95% CI; 0.57, 0.90), 0.75 (95% CI; 0.59, 0.95) and 0.81 (95% CI; 0.61, 0.98), respectively. No significant differences in outcome were seen during the following 20 years. In identically defined groups of women, no significant differences in mortality were seen between groups. Subgroup analysis, at two stages of the study 5 years apart, revealed that some cardiovascular risk factors had a higher prevalence in hypertensive men who were treated at the later stage, compared with those who remained untreated (P=0.004). In conclusion, hypertensive treated men had a worse prognosis during the first 10 years of follow-up than untreated ones, which is most likely due to worse baseline risk profile. Hypertensive men that were treated at a later stage had a worse risk profile than those not treated at a later stage
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=8 TeV

Çetin, Serkant AliSearches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.1 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tan,3 between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R-hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer
The stress hormone corticosterone in a marine top predatorreflects short-term changes in food availability

In many seabird studies, single annual proxies of prey abundance have been
used to explain variability in breeding performance, but much more important
is probably the timing of prey availability relative to the breeding season when
energy demand is at a maximum. Until now, intraseasonal variation in prey
availability has been difficult to quantify in seabirds. Using a state-of-the-art
ocean drift model of larval cod Gadus morhua, an important constituent of the
diet of common guillemots Uria aalge in the southwestern Barents Sea, we were
able to show clear, short-term correlations between food availability and measurements
of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in parental guillemots
over a 3-year period (2009–2011). The model allowed the extraction of abundance
and size of cod larvae with very high spatial (4 km) and temporal resolutions
(1 day) and showed that cod larvae from adjacent northern spawning
grounds in Norway were always available near the guillemot breeding colony
while those from more distant southerly spawning grounds were less frequent,
but larger. The latter arrived in waves whose magnitude and timing, and thus
overlap with the guillemot breeding season, varied between years. CORT levels
in adult guillemots were lower in birds caught after a week with high frequencies
of southern cod larvae. This pattern was restricted to the two years (2009
and 2010) in which southern larvae arrived before the end of the guillemot
breeding season. Any such pattern was masked in 2011 by already exceptionally
high numbers of cod larvae in the region throughout chick-rearing period. The
findings suggest that CORT levels in breeding birds increase when the arrival of
southern sizable larvae does not match the period of peak energy requirements
during breeding.
Common guillemot, CORT, food availability,
seabird, Uria aalge© 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
Influence of the HCV subtype on the virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy

The hepatitis C virus genotype is considered to be the most important baseline predictor of a sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The influence of the subtype on the sustained virological response was investigated in patients infected with genotypes 1, 4, 5, or 6. This study was done on 597 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were given pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks. The overall rate of sustained virological response in the 597 patients was 37.8%. Univariate analysis indicated that the sustained virological response of patients infected with subtype 1b (39%) tended to be higher than that of patients infected with subtype 1a (30.6%; P = 0.06) and it was similar to those patients infected with subtypes 4a (51.3%; P = 0.12) or 4d (51.7%; P = 0.16). Multivariate analysis indicated that five factors were independently associated with sustained virological response: the age (OR 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95–0.99), absence of cirrhosis (OR: 2.92; 95% CI = 1.7–5.0; P &lt; 0.01), absence of HIV co-infection (OR: 2.08; 95% CI = 1.2–3.5; P &lt; 0.01), low baseline plasma HCV RNA concentration (OR: 1.74; 95% CI = 1.2–2.6; P &lt; 0.01), and the subtype 1b (OR: 1.61; 95% CI = 1.0–2.5; P = 0.04) or subtypes 4a and 4d (OR: 2.03; 95% CI = 1.1–3.8; P = 0.03). In conclusion, among difficult-to-treat genotypes, the subtype 1a is associated with a lower response to anti-HCV therapy than subtypes 1b, 4a, and 4d
Heavy Naphtha Fractions 85-155 °С Recycling in the Catalytic Reforming Industrial Unit

Catalytic naphtha reforming is a vital process for refineries due to the production of high-octane components, which is intensely demanded in our modern life. In these paper, the mathematical modelling method application for catalytic reforming installation of Komsomolsk oil-refinery is proposed. The mathematical model-based system "Catalyst Control" was used for catalytic reforming installation monitoring. The quality of the product from the unit was studied, with hydrocracking gasoline used as the feedstock. The impact of the feedstock on the product output was analyzed. It is shown that the feedstock replacement of catalytic reforming unit L-35-11/450K has positive impact on high-octane product output and increases the resource efficiency of the process
Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q*decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton GRS decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W′ decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W′ → WZ and GRS → WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q* → qW, q* → qZ, W′ → WZ, GRS → WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a “bulk” graviton Gbulk that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied
Measurement of the underlying event activity using charged-particle jets in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 GeV

A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton-proton collisions is performed using events with charged-particle jets produced in the central pseudorapidity region (|ηjet| < 2) and with transverse momentum 1 ≤ pTjet < 100 GeV. The analysis uses a data sample collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The UE activity is measured as a function of pTjet in terms of the average multiplicity and scalar sum of transverse momenta (pT) of charged particles, with |η| < 2 and pT > 0.5 GeV, in the azimuthal region transverse to the highest pT jet direction. By further dividing the transverse region into two regions of smaller and larger activity, various components of the UE activity are separated. The measurements are compared to previous results at 0.9 and 7 TeV, and to predictions of several Monte Carlo event generators, providing constraints on the modelling of the UE dynamics
Cross border mergers and acquisitions and default risk

Using a cross-country sample of mergers and acquisitions, we examine the role of cultural, institutional, geographic and managerial factors on post-merger default risk. We find that cultural factors, especially the relative difference in uncertainty avoidance between the acquiring and target country, play a significant role in affecting post-merger default risk. Furthermore, we find that institutional quality affects the post-merger default risk of acquiring firms. In contrast to the prior research we do not find any evidence indicating that managerial incentives drive post-merger default risk changes. Also, we do not find any evidence indicating the relevance of geographic distance on default risk
Identification of high transverse momentum top quarks in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents studies of the performance of several jet-substructure techniques, which are used to identify hadronically decaying top quarks with high transverse momentum contained in large-radius jets. The efficiency of identifying top quarks is measured using a sample of top-quark pairs and the rate of wrongly identifying jets from other quarks or gluons as top quarks is measured using multijet events collected with the ATLAS experiment in 20.3 fb−1 of 8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Predictions from Monte Carlo simulations are found to provide an accurate description of the performance. The techniques are compared in terms of signal efficiency and background rejection using simulations, covering a larger range in jet transverse momenta than accessible in the dataset. Additionally, a novel technique is developed that is optimized to reconstruct top quarks in events with many jets
Using all data to generate decision tree ensembles

Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. G. Martinez-Munoz, A. Suarez, "Using all data to generate decision tree ensembles", in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, 34, 4 (2004), p. 393-397This paper develops a new method to generate ensembles of classifiers that uses all available data to construct every individual classifier. The base algorithm builds a decision tree in an iterative manner: The training data are divided into two subsets. In each iteration, one subset is used to grow the decision tree, starting from the decision tree produced by the previous iteration. This fully grown tree is then pruned by using the other subset. The roles of the data subsets are interchanged in every iteration. This process converges to a final tree that is stable with respect to the combined growing and pruning steps. To generate a variety of classifiers for the ensemble, we randomly create the subsets needed by the iterative tree construction algorithm. The method exhibits good performance in several standard datasets at low computational cost
Program schemes, arrays, Lindström quantifiers and zero-one laws.

We characterize the class of problems accepted by a class of program schemes with arrays, NPSA, as the class of problems defined by the sentences of a logic formed by extending first-order logic with a particular uniform (or vectorized) sequence of Lindström quantifiers. A simple extension of a known result thus enables us to prove that our logic, and consequently our class of program schemes, has a zero-one law. However, we use another existing result to show that there are problems definable in a basic fragment of our logic, and so also accepted by basic program schemes, which are not definable in bounded-variable infinitary logic. As a consequence, the class of problems NPSA is not contained in the class of problems defined by the sentences of partial fixed-point logic even though in the presence of a built-in successor relation, both NPSA and partial fixed-point logic capture the complexity class PSPACE
Measurement of polarization amplitudes and CP asymmetries in B-0 -> phi K*(892)(0)

An angular analysis of the decay B (0) -> phi K (*)(892)(0) is reported based on a pp collision data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1), collected at a centre-of-mass energy of root S = 7 TeV with the LHCb detector. The P-wave amplitudes and phases are measured with a greater precision than by previous experiments, and confirm about equal amounts of longitudinal and transverse polarization. The S-wave K+ pi(-) and K+ K- contributions are taken into account and found to be significant. A comparison of the B (0) -> phi K (*)(892)(0) and results shows no evidence for direct CP violation in the rate asymmetry, in the triple-product asymmetries or in the polarization amplitudes and phases