pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Four applications of majorization to convexity in the calculus of variations

AbstractThe resemblance between the Horn–Thompson theorem and a recent theorem by Dacorogna–Marcellini–Tanteri indicates that Schur-convexity and the majorization relation are relevant for applications in the calculus of variations and its related notions of convexity, such as rank one convexity or quasiconvexity. In Theorem 6.6, we give simple necessary and sufficient conditions for an isotropic objective function to be rank one convex on the set of matrices with positive determinant.Majorization is used in order to give a very short proof of a theorem of Thompson and Freede [R.C. Thompson, L.J. Freede, Eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices III, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards B 75B (1971) 115–120], Ball [J.M. Ball, Constitutive inequalities and existence theorems in nonlinear elastostatics, in: R.J. Knops (Ed.), Nonlinear Analysis and Mechanics: Heriot–Watt Symposium, vol. 1, Res. Notes Math., 17, Pitman, 1977, pp. 187–241], or Le Dret [H. Le Dret, Sur les fonctions de matrices convexes et isotropes, CR Acad. Sci. Paris, Série I 310 (1990) 617–620], concerning the convexity of a class of isotropic functions which appear in nonlinear elasticity.Next we prove (Theorem 7.3) a lower semicontinuity result for functionals with the form ∫Ωw(Dϕ(x))dx, with w(F)=h(lnVF). Here F=RFUF=VFRF is the usual polar decomposition of F∈gl(n,R), and lnVF is Hencky’s logarithmic strain.We close this paper with a compact proof of Dacorogna–Marcellini–Tanteri theorem, based only on classical results about majorization. The mentioned resemblance of this theorem with the Horn–Thompson theorem is thus explained
Referral criteria for school-based hearing screening in South Africa: Considerations for resource-limited contexts

AbstractBackgroundSchool-based hearing screening is likely to be the first opportunity to identify childhood hearing loss in South Africa. Criteria for school-based hearing screening requires balancing the targeted degree of hearing loss while ensuring that referral rates are sufficiently low for a cost-effective and sustainable programme. The study aim was to investigate the effect of screening intensity (loudness) levels on the referral rate and to establish the effect of an immediate rescreen in reducing the referral rate.MethodsA within-subject study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1: compared the referral rate in a counterbalanced sequence at screening levels of 20 dB HL, 25 dB HL and 30 dB HL across 1, 2 and 4 kHz for 135 children. Phase 2: determined the effect of an immediate rescreen on referral rate for 337 children screened at 25 dB HL. If a further referral was obtained on rescreen, diagnostic audiometry was subsequently conducted.ResultsReferral rate was reduced to 6.7% from 17% when using 25 dB HL as opposed to 20 dB HL as screening intensity. Referral rate was reduced to 4.4% when employing 30 dB HL as screening intensity. An immediate rescreen reduced the overall referral rate by more than one-third. Diagnostic audiometry confirmed that almost half (47%) of the referred children had a hearing loss.ConclusionA screening intensity of 25 dB HL and immediate rescreen reduces the referral rate significantly and will limit the burden of the screening programme on health care resources
Quasi 1D Bose–Einstein condensate flow past a nonlinear barrier

AbstractThe problem of a quasi 1D repulsive BEC flow past wide and narrow nonlinear barriers is investigated. It is shown that in contrast to the linear barrier case, for a wide nonlinear barrier an interval of velocities 0<v<v− always exists, where the flow is superfluid regardless of the barrier potential strength. In the case of a short range barrier stable and unstable steady solutions exist below some critical velocity. An unstable solution is shown to decay into a gray soliton moving downstream and a stable solution located at the barrier position
A fuzzy–split range control system applied to a fermentation process

AbstractIn this study it was proposed the application of a fuzzy-PI controller in tandem with a split range control strategy to regulate the temperature inside a fermentation vat. Simulations were carried out using different configurations of fuzzy controllers and split range combinations for regulatory control. The performance of these control systems were compared using conventional integral of error criteria, the demand of utilities and the control effort. The proposed control system proved able to adequately regulate the temperature in all the tests. Besides, considering a similar ITAE index and using the energetically most efficient split range configuration, fuzzy-PI controller provided a reduction of approximately 84.5% in the control effort and of 6.75% in total demand of utilities by comparison to a conventional PI controller
J/ψ production as a function of charged particle multiplicity in pp collisions at s =7 TeV

AbstractThe ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of the relative J/ψ yield as a function of charged particle pseudorapidity density dNch/dη in pp collisions at s=7 TeV at the LHC. J/ψ particles are detected for pt>0, in the rapidity interval |y|<0.9 via decay into e+e−, and in the interval 2.5<y<4.0 via decay into μ+μ− pairs. An approximately linear increase of the J/ψ yields normalized to their event average (dNJ/ψ/dy)/〈dNJ/ψ/dy〉 with (dNch/dη)/〈dNch/dη〉 is observed in both rapidity ranges, where dNch/dη is measured within |η|<1 and pt>0. In the highest multiplicity interval with 〈dNch/dη(bin)〉=24.1, corresponding to four times the minimum bias multiplicity density, an enhancement relative to the minimum bias J/ψ yield by a factor of about 5 at 2.5<y<4 (8 at |y|<0.9) is observed
Observation of pseudoscalar and axial vector resonances in π−p→K+K−π0n at 18 GeV

AbstractThe number of pseudoscalar mesons in the mass range from 1400 to 1500 MeV/c2 has been a subject of considerable interest for many years, with several experiments having presented evidence for two closely spaced states. A new measurement of the reaction π−p→K+K−π0n has been made at a beam energy of 18 GeV. A partial wave analysis of the K+K−π0 system shows evidence for three pseudoscalar resonances, η(1295), η(1416), and η(1485), as well as two axial vectors, f1(1285), and f1(1420). Their observed masses, widths and decay properties are reported. No signal was observed for C(1480), an IGJPC=1+1−− state previously reported in φπ0 decay
Discrimination between Effects Induced by Microbial Activity and Water-Rock Interactions under Hydrothermal Conditions According to REE Behaviour

AbstractRare earth elements (REE) were investigated in siliceous stromatolites forming in the Specchio di Venere Lake on Pantelleria Island. Chondrite-normalised patterns show significant La enrichments and Eu depletions suggesting that fluids involved in stromatolite growth experienced strong rock-water interactions under hydrothermal conditions. At the same time, enrichments in heavy REE (HREE) with respect to intermediate REE (MREE) suggest that hydrothermal fluids interacted with microbial mats during deposition of the stromatolites. The above-mentioned features suggest that rock-water interactions and bacterial activity were simultaneously recorded in the REE patterns of stromatolites, and can be discriminated in terms of amplitudes of the La anomaly, and the HREE/MREE ratio
Sexual conflict selects for male and female reproductive characters

AbstractBackground: Strict genetic monogamy leads to sexual harmony because any trait that decreases the fitness of one sex also decreases the fitness of the other. Any deviation from monogamy increases the potential for sexual conflict. Conflict is further enhanced by sperm competition, and given the ubiquity of this phenomenon, sexual conflict is rife. In support of theory, experimentally enforced monogamy leads to the evolution of sexual benevolence. In contrast, with multiple mating, males evolve traits causing massive female fitness reductions when female evolution is restrained. Theory also predicts increased investment in spermatogenesis when sperm competition risk is high. While this supposition has correlational support, cause and effect has yet to be firmly established.Results: By enforcing monogamy or polyandry in yellow-dung-fly lines, we have shown experimentally that males from polyandrous treatments evolved larger testes. Furthermore, females from this treatment evolved larger accessory sex glands. These glands produce a spermicidal secretion, so larger glands could increase female ability to influence paternity. Using molecular techniques, we have shown that, consistent with this idea, males' success as second mates is reduced in females from the polyandrous treatment. Nevertheless, males from polyandrous lines achieve higher paternity during sperm competition, and this finding further supports the testis evolution patterns.Conclusions: These results provide direct experimental support for macroevolutionary patterns of testis size evolution. Furthermore, we have shown that sperm competition selects for traits likely to be important in sexual conflicts over paternity, a result only previously demonstrated in Drosophila melanogaster
Search for narrow NNπ resonances in exclusive pp→ppπ+π− measurements

AbstractNarrow structures in the range of a few MeV have been searched for in ppπ+ and ppπ− invariant mass spectra (Mppπ+ and Mppπ−) obtained from exclusive measurements of the pp→ppπ+π− reaction at Tp=725,750 and 775 MeV using the PROMICE/WASA detector at CELSIUS. The selected reaction is particularly well suited for the search for dibaryon resonances decoupled from NN and/or NΔ. In the mass range 2020 MeV/c2<mdibaryon<2085 MeV/c2 no narrow structures could be identified on the 3σ level of statistical significance neither in Mppπ− nor in Mppπ+ giving an upper limit (95% C.L.) for dibaryon production in this reaction of σ<20 nb
Generalized Poincaré algebras and Lovelock–Cartan gravity theory

AbstractWe show that the Lagrangian for Lovelock–Cartan gravity theory can be reformulated as an action which leads to General Relativity in a certain limit. In odd dimensions the Lagrangian leads to a Chern–Simons theory invariant under the generalized Poincaré algebra B2n+1, while in even dimensions the Lagrangian leads to a Born–Infeld theory invariant under a subalgebra of the B2n+1 algebra. It is also shown that torsion may occur explicitly in the Lagrangian leading to new torsional Lagrangians, which are related to the Chern–Pontryagin character for the B2n+1 group
Paley–Wiener spaces with vanishing conditions and Painlevé VI transcendents

AbstractWe modify the classical Paley–Wiener spaces PWx of entire functions of finite exponential type at most x>0, which are square integrable on the real line, via the additional condition of vanishing at finitely many complex points z1,…,zn. We compute the reproducing kernels and relate their variations with respect to x to a Krein differential system, whose coefficient (which we call the μ-function) and solutions have determinantal expressions. Arguments specific to the case where the “trivial zeros” z1,…,zn are in arithmetic progression on the imaginary axis allow us to establish for expressions arising in the theory a system of two non-linear first order differential equations. A computation, having this non-linear system at his start, obtains quasi-algebraic and among them rational Painlevé transcendents of the sixth kind as certain quotients of such μ-functions
Studies of correlations between D and D mesons in high energy photoproduction

AbstractStudies of DD correlations for a large sample of events containing fully and partially reconstructed pairs of charmed D mesons recorded by the Fermilab photoproduction experiment FOCUS (FNAL-E831) are presented. Correlations between D and D mesons are used to study heavy quark production dynamics. We present results for fully and partially reconstructed charm pairs and comparisons to a recent version of Pythia with default parameter settings. We also comment on the production of ψ(3770) in our data
Single top partner production in the Higgs to diphoton channel in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-parity

AbstractThe top partner as a hallmark of the Littlest Higgs Model with T-parity (LHT model) has been extensively searched for during the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run-1. With the increasing mass limits on the top partner, the single production of the top partner will be dominant over the pair production. Under the constraints from the Higgs data, the electroweak precision observables and Rb, we find that the mass of T-even top partner (T+) has to be heavier than 730 GeV. Then, we investigate the observability of the single T-even top partner production through the process pp→T+j with the sequent decay T+→th in the di-photon channel in the LHT model at the LHC. We find that the mass of T+ can be excluded up to 800 GeV at 2σ level at 14 TeV LHC with the integrated luminosity L=3 ab−1
Preconditioning and triggering of offshore slope failures and turbidity currents revealed by most detailed monitoring yet at a fjord-head delta

AbstractRivers and turbidity currents are the two most important sediment transport processes by volume on Earth. Various hypotheses have been proposed for triggering of turbidity currents offshore from river mouths, including direct plunging of river discharge, delta mouth bar flushing or slope failure caused by low tides and gas expansion, earthquakes and rapid sedimentation. During 2011, 106 turbidity currents were monitored at Squamish Delta, British Columbia. This enables statistical analysis of timing, frequency and triggers. The largest peaks in river discharge did not create hyperpycnal flows. Instead, delayed delta-lip failures occurred 8–11 h after flood peaks, due to cumulative delta top sedimentation and tidally-induced pore pressure changes. Elevated river discharge is thus a significant control on the timing and rate of turbidity currents but not directly due to plunging river water. Elevated river discharge and focusing of river discharge at low tides cause increased sediment transport across the delta-lip, which is the most significant of all controls on flow timing in this setting
Path factors and parallel knock-out schemes of almost claw-free graphs

AbstractAn H1,{H2}-factor of a graph G is a spanning subgraph of G with exactly one component isomorphic to the graph H1 and all other components (if there are any) isomorphic to the graph H2. We completely characterise the class of connected almost claw-free graphs that have a P7,{P2}-factor, where P7 and P2 denote the paths on seven and two vertices, respectively. We apply this result to parallel knock-out schemes for almost claw-free graphs. These schemes proceed in rounds in each of which each surviving vertex eliminates one of its surviving neighbours. A graph is reducible if such a scheme eliminates every vertex in the graph. Using our characterisation, we are able to classify all reducible almost claw-free graphs, and we can show that every reducible almost claw-free graph is reducible in at most two rounds. This leads to a quadratic time algorithm for determining if an almost claw-free graph is reducible (which is a generalisation and improvement upon the previous strongest result that showed that there was a O(n5.376) time algorithm for claw-free graphs on n vertices)
Zinc-blende and wurtzite AlxGa1−xN bulk crystals grown by molecular beam epitaxy

AbstractThere is a significant difference in the lattice parameters of GaN and AlN and for many device applications AlxGa1−xN substrates would be preferable to either GaN or AlN. We have studied the growth of free-standing zinc-blende and wurtzite AlxGa1−xN bulk crystals by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE). Thick (∼10μm) zinc-blende and wurtzite AlxGa1−xN films were grown by PA-MBE on 2-in. GaAs (001) and GaAs (111)B substrates respectively and were removed from the GaAs substrate after the growth. We demonstrate that free-standing zinc-blende and wurtzite AlxGa1−xN wafers can be achieved by PA-MBE for a wide range of Al compositions
The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014

The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2014 (IDP2014) is the first publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2013. It consists of two parts: (1) a compilation of digital data for more than 200 trace elements and isotopes (TEIs) as well as classical hydrographic parameters, and (2) the eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas providing a strongly inter-linked on-line atlas including more than 300 section plots and 90 animated 3D scenes. The IDP2014 covers the Atlantic, Arctic, and Indian oceans, exhibiting highest data density in the Atlantic. The TEI data in the IDP2014 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and multi-laboratory data comparisons at cross-over stations. The digital data are provided in several formats, including ASCII spreadsheet, Excel spreadsheet, netCDF, and Ocean Data View collection. In addition to the actual data values the IDP2014 also contains data quality flags and 1-σ data error values where available. Quality flags and error values are useful for data filtering. Metadata about data originators, analytical methods and original publications related to the data are linked to the data in an easily accessible way. The eGEOTRACES Electronic Atlas is the visual representation of the IDP2014 data providing section plots and a new kind of animated 3D scenes. The basin-wide 3D scenes allow for viewing of data from many cruises at the same time, thereby providing quick overviews of large-scale tracer distributions. In addition, the 3D scenes provide geographical and bathymetric context that is crucial for the interpretation and assessment of observed tracer plumes, as well as for making inferences about controlling processes.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (OCE-0608600)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (OCE-0938349)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (OCE-1243377
Phenomenological MSSM interpretation of CMS searches in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

Searches for new physics by the CMS collaboration are interpreted in the framework of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model (pMSSM). The data samples used in this study were collected at s√=7 and 8 TeV and have integrated luminosities of 5.0 fb−1 and 19.5 fb−1, respectively. A global Bayesian analysis is performed, incorporating results from a broad range of CMS supersymmetry searches, as well as constraints from other experiments. Because the pMSSM incorporates several well-motivated assumptions that reduce the 120 parameters of the MSSM to just 19 parameters defined at the electroweak scale, it is possible to assess the results of the study in a relatively straightforward way. Approximately half of the model points in a potentially accessible subspace of the pMSSM are excluded, including all pMSSM model points with a gluino mass below 500 GeV, as well as models with a squark mass less than 300 GeV. Models with chargino and neutralino masses below 200 GeV are disfavored, but no mass range of model points can be ruled out based on the analyses considered. The nonexcluded regions in the pMSSM parameter space are characterized in terms of physical processes and key observables, and implications for future searches are discussed
Catching the radio flare in CTA 102. III. Core-shift and spectral analysis

Context. The temporal and spatial spectral evolution of the jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can be studied with multi-frequency, multi-epoch very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) observations. The combination of both, morphological (kinematical) and spectral parameters can be used to derive source intrinsic physical properties such as the magnetic field and the non-thermal particle density. Such a study is of special interest during the high states of activity in AGNs since VLBI observations can provide estimates on the location of the flaring site. Furthermore, we can trace the temporal variations of the source intrinsic parameters during the flare, which may reflect the interaction between the underlying plasma and a traveling shock wave. The source CTA102 exhibited such a radio flare around 2006 Aims. In the first two papers of this series (Papers I & II) we analyzed the single-dish light curves and the VLBI kinematics of the blazar CTA102 and suggested a shock-shock interaction between a traveling and a standing shock wave as a possible scenario to explain the observed evolution of the component associated to the 2006 flare. In this paper we investigate the core-shift and spectral evolution to test our hypothesis of a shock-shock interaction. Methods. We used eight multi-frequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the spectral parameters during the flare. We observed CTA102 between May 2005 and April 2007 using the VLBA at six different frequencies spanning from 2GHz up to 86GHz. After the calibrated VLBA images were corrected for opacity, we performed a detailed spectral analysis. We developed methods for the alignment of the images and extraction of the uncertainties in the spectral parameters. From the derived values we estimated the magnetic field and the density of the relativistic particles and combined those values with the kinematical changes provided from the long-term VLBA monitoring (Paper II) and single-dish measurements (Paper I). Results. The detailed analysis of the opacity shift reveals that the position of the jet core is proportional to ν^−1 with some temporal variations. The value suggests possible equipartition between magnetic field energy and particle kinetic energy densities at the most compact regions. From the variation of the physical parameters we deduced that the 2006 flare in CTA102 is connected to the ejection of a new traveling feature (tej = 2005.9) and the interaction between this shock wave and a stationary structure (interpreted as a recollimation shock) around 0.1mas from the core (de-projected 18 pc at a viewing angle of ϑ = 2.6◦). The source kinematics together with the spectral and structural variations can be described by helical motions in an over-pressured jet
Hybridized Plasmons in 2D Nanoslits: From Graphene to Anisotropic 2D
  Materials

Plasmon coupling and hybridization in complex nanostructures constitutes a
fertile playground for controlling light at the nanoscale. Here, we present a
semi-analytical model to describe the emergence of hybrid plasmon modes guided
along 2D nano-slits. In particular, we find two new coupled plasmonic
resonances arising from symmetric and antisymmetric hybridizations of the edge
plasmons of the constituent half-sheets. These give rise to an antibonding and
a bonding mode, lying above and below the energy of the bare edge plasmon. Our
treatment is notably generic, being able to account for slits of arbitrary
width, and remains valid irrespective of the 2D conductive material (e.g.,
doped graphene, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, or phosphorene). We derive
the dispersion relation of the hybrid modes of a 2D nano-slit along with the
corresponding induced potential and electric field distributions. We also
discuss the plasmonic spectrum of a 2D slit together with the one from its
complementarity structure, that is, a ribbon. Finally, the case of a nano-slit
made from an anisotropic 2D material is considered. Focusing on black
phosphorus (which is highly anisotropic), we investigate the features of its
plasmonic spectrum along the two main crystal axes. Our results offer insights
into the interaction of plasmons in complex 2D nanostructures, thereby
expanding the current toolkit of plasmonic resonances in 2D materials, and
paving the way for the emergence of future compact devices based on atomically
thin plasmonics.Comment: 11 pages (plus references). Supporting Information available upon
  reques