pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Painlevé V and a Pollaczek–Jacobi type orthogonal polynomials

AbstractWe study a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a one-parameter family of weights w(x)≔w(x,t)=e−t/xxα(1−x)β,t≥0, defined for x∈[0,1]. If t=0, this reduces to a shifted Jacobi weight. Our ladder operator formalism and the associated compatibility conditions give an easy determination of the recurrence coefficients.For t>0, the factor e−t/x induces an infinitely strong zero at x=0. With the aid of the compatibility conditions, the recurrence coefficients are expressed in terms of a set of auxiliary quantities that satisfy a system of difference equations. These, when suitably combined with a pair of Toda-like equations derived from the orthogonality principle, show that the auxiliary quantities are particular Painlevé V and/or allied functions.It is also shown that the logarithmic derivative of the Hankel determinant, Dn(t)≔det(∫01xi+je−t/xxα(1−x)βdx)i,j=0n−1, satisfies the Jimbo–Miwa–Okamoto σ-form of the Painlevé V equation and that the same quantity satisfies a second-order non-linear difference equation which we believe to be new
Comment on “A three-loop radiative neutrino mass model with dark matter” [Phys. Lett. B 741 (2015) 163]

AbstractWe revisit the calculation of the three-loop diagrams for the radiative neutrino mass generation and consider some relevant constraints on the model recently proposed by Jin et al. (2015) [1]. We find that the previous approximation is inappropriate due to the neglect of some important contributions, and the benchmark point proposed can neither give rise to enough neutrino masses nor accommodate these additional constraints, such as the validity of the perturbation theory, the electroweak precision measurements, and the neutrinoless double beta decays
Search for anomalous couplings in the W tb vertex from the measurement of double differential angular decay rates of single top quarks produced in the t-channel with the ATLAS detector

The electroweak production and subsequent decay of single top quarks is determined by the properties of the Wtb vertex. This vertex can be described by the complex parameters of an effective Lagrangian. An analysis of angular distributions of the decay products of single top quarks produced in the t -channel constrains these parameters simultaneously. The analysis described in this paper uses 4.6 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data at √s =7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Two parameters are measured simultaneously in this analysis. The fraction f[subscript 1] of decays containing transversely polarised W bosons is measured to be 0.37 ± 0.07 (stat.⊕syst.). The phase δ− between amplitudes for transversely and longitudinally polarised W bosons recoiling against left-handed b-quarks is measured to be −0.014π ± 0.036π (stat.⊕syst.). The correlation in the measurement of these parameters is 0.15. These values result in two-dimensional limits at the 95% confidence level on the ratio of the complex coupling parameters g[subscript R] and V[subscript L], yielding Re[g[subscript R]/V[subscript L]] ∈ [−0.36, 0.10] and Im[g[subscript R]/V[subscript L]] ∈ [−0.17, 0.23] with a correlation of 0.11. The results are in good agreement with the predictions of the Standard Model.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Refining patterns of joint hypermobility, habitus, and orthopedic traits in joint hypermobility syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type

Joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (EDS-HT) are two overlapping heritable disorders (JHS/EDS-HT) recognized by separated sets of diagnostic criteria and still lack a confirmatory test. This descriptive research was aimed at better characterizing the clinical phenotype of JHS/EDS-HT with focus on available diagnostic criteria, and in order to propose novel features and assessment strategies. One hundred and eighty-nine (163 females, 26 males; age: 2-73 years) patients from two Italian reference centers were investigated for Beighton score, range of motion in 21 additional joints, rate and sites of dislocations and sprains, recurrent soft-tissue injuries, tendon and muscle ruptures, body mass index, arm span/height ratio, wrist and thumb signs, and 12 additional orthopedic features. Rough rates were compared by age, sex, and handedness with a series of parametric and non-parametric tools. Multiple correspondence analysis was carried out for possible co-segregations of features. Beighton score and hypermobility at other joints were influenced by age at diagnosis. Rate and sites of joint instability complications did not vary according to age at diagnosis except for soft-tissue injuries. No major difference was registered by sex and dominant versus non-dominant body side. At multiple correspondence analysis, selected features tend to co-segregate in a dichotomous distribution. Dolichostenomelia and arachnodactyly segregated independently. This study pointed out a more protean musculoskeletal phenotype than previously considered according to available diagnostic criteria for JHS/EDS-HT. Our findings corroborated the need for a re-thinking of JHS/EDS-HT on clinical grounds in order to find better therapeutic and research strategie
Search for direct pair production of scalar top quarks in the single- and dilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Results are reported from a search for the top squark \( {\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_1 \), the lighter of the two supersymmetric partners of the top quark. The data sample corresponds to 19.7 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=8 \) TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search targets \( {\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_1\to \mathrm{b}{\tilde{\chi}}_1^{\pm } \) and \( {\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_1\to {\mathrm{t}}^{\left(\ast \right)}{\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 \) decay modes, where \( {\tilde{\chi}}_1^{\pm } \) and \( {\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 \) are the lightest chargino and neutralino, respectively. The reconstructed final state consists of jets, b jets, missing transverse energy, and either one or two leptons. Leading backgrounds are determined from data. No significant excess in data is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. The results exclude a region of the two-dimensional plane of possible \( {\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_1 \) and \( {\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 \) masses. The highest excluded \( {\tilde{\mathrm{t}}}_1 \) and \( {\tilde{\chi}}_1^0 \) masses are about 700 GeV and 250 GeV, respectively
Equatorial locations of water on Mars: Improved resolution maps based on
  Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer data

We present a map of the near subsurface hydrogen distribution on Mars, based
on epithermal neutron data from the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. The
map's spatial resolution is approximately improved two-fold via a new form of
the pixon image reconstruction technique. We discover hydrogen-rich mineralogy
far from the poles, including ~10 wt. % water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) on the
flanks of the Tharsis Montes and greater than 40 wt. % WEH at the Medusae
Fossae Formation (MFF). The high WEH abundance at the MFF implies the presence
of bulk water ice. This supports the hypothesis of recent periods of high
orbital obliquity during which water ice was stable on the surface. We find the
young undivided channel system material in southern Elysium Planitia to be
distinct from its surroundings and exceptionally dry; there is no evidence of
hydration at the location in Elysium Planitia suggested to contain a buried
water ice sea. Finally, we find that the sites of recurring slope lineae (RSL)
do not correlate with subsurface hydration. This implies that RSL are not fed
by large, near-subsurface aquifers, but are instead the result of either small
(less than 120 km diameter) aquifers, deliquescence of perchlorate and chlorate
salts or dry, granular flows.Comment: Accepted for publication in Icarus, 16 pages, 12 figure
The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae

?? 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence e (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae is a globally distributed crop pest with a host range of over 400 species including many economically important crop plants. The intensive use of insecticides to control this species over many years has led to populations that are now resistant to several classes of insecticide. Work spanning over 40 years has shown that M. persicae has a remarkable ability to evolve mechanisms that avoid or overcome the toxic effect of insecticides with at least seven independent mechanisms of resistance described in this species to date. The array of novel resistance mechanisms, including several ???first examples???, that have evolved in this species represents an important case study for the evolution of insecticide resistance and also rapid adaptive change in insects more generally. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in M. persicae and the insights study of this topic has provided on how resistance evolves, the selectivity of insecticides, and the link between resistance and host plant adaptation
Gibrat’s Law for Cities Revisited

The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s Law in the growth of cities, using data for all the twentieth century of the complete distribution of cities (without any size restrictions) in three countries: the US, Spain and Italy. For this we use different techniques (parametric and non-parametric methods), obtaining mixed evidence, being the time horizon considered the key issue. In the short term, considered decade by decade, we find that growth was divergent in all three countries. Despite this, the distribution of growth in the cities can be approached as a lognormal. In the long term, first panel data unit root tests confirm the validity of Gibrat’s Law in the upper tail distribution and, second, we find evidence in favour of a weak Gibrat's Law (size affects the variance of the growth process but not its mean) when using non-parametric methods which relate the growth rate to city size.
Search for pair production of heavy top-like quarks decaying to a high-p(T) W boson and a b quark in the lepton plus jets final state at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration member: Paul Douglas Jackson of School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.A search is presented for production of a heavy up-type quark (t′) together with its antiparticle, assuming a significant branching ratio for subsequent decay into a W boson and a b quark. The search is based on 4.7 fb⁻¹ of pp collisions at √s=7 TeV recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analyzed in the lepton + jets final state, characterized by a high-transverse-momentum isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and at least three jets. The analysis strategy relies on the substantial boost of the W bosons in the t′¯t′ signal when mt′≳400 GeVmt′≳400 GeV. No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed and the result of the search is interpreted in the context of fourth-generation and vector-like quark models. Under the assumption of a branching ratio BR(t′→Wb)=1BR(t′→Wb)=1, a fourth-generation t′t′ quark with mass lower than 656 GeV656 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. In addition, in light of the recent discovery of a new boson of mass ∼126 GeV∼126 GeV at the LHC, upper limits are derived in the two-dimensional plane of BR(t′→Wb)BR(t′→Wb) versus BR(t′→Ht)BR(t′→Ht), where H is the Standard Model Higgs boson, for vector-like quarks of various masses.ATLAS Collaboratio
Studies of Zγ production in association with a high-mass dijet system in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of a Z boson and a photon in association with a high-mass dijet system is studied using 20.2 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with a photon and a Z boson decaying into a pair of either electrons, muons, or neutrinos are analysed. Electroweak and total pp → Zγjj cross-sections are extracted in two fiducial regions with different sensitivities to electroweak production processes. Quartic couplings of vector bosons are studied in regions of phase space with an enhanced contribution from pure electroweak production, sensitive to vector-boson scattering processes VV → Zγ. No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and constraints are placed on anomalous couplings parameterized by higher-dimensional operators using effective field theory
Consistent dust and gas models for protoplanetary disks : II. Chemical networks and rates

PW acknowledge funding from the EU FP7- 2011 under Grant Agreement nr. 284405. CR also acknowledges funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), project number P24790.Aims.  We aim to define a small and large chemical network which can be used for the quantitative simultaneous analysis of molecular emission from the near-IR to the submm. We also aim to revise reactions of excited molecular hydrogen, which are not included in UMIST, to provide a homogeneous database for future applications. Methods.  We have used the thermo-chemical disk modeling code ProDiMo and a standard T Tauri disk model to evaluate the impact of various chemical networks, reaction rate databases and sets of adsorption energies on a large sample of chemical species and emerging line fluxes from the near-IR to the submm wavelength range. Results. We find large differences in the masses and radial distribution of ice reservoirs when considering freeze-out on bare or polar ice coated grains. Most strongly the ammonia ice mass and the location of the snow line (water) change. As a consequence molecules associated to the ice lines such as N2H+ change their emitting region; none of the line fluxes in the sample considered here changes by more than 25% except CO isotopologues, CN and N2H+ lines. The three-body reaction N+H2+M plays a key role in the formation of water in the outer disk. Besides that, differences between the UMIST 2006 and 2012 database change line fluxes in the sample considered here by less than a factor of two (a subset of low excitation CO and fine structure lines stays even within 25%); exceptions are OH, CN, HCN, HCO+ and N2H+ lines. However, different networks such as OSU and KIDA 2011 lead to pronounced differences in the chemistry inside 100 au and thus affect emission lines from high excitation CO, OH and CN lines. H2 is easily excited at the disk surface and state-to-state reactions enhance the abundance of CH+ and to a lesser extent HCO+. For sub-mm lines of HCN, N2H+ and HCO+, a more complex larger network is recommended. Conclusions. More work is required to consolidate data on key reactions leading to the formation of water, molecular ions such as HCO+ and N2H+ as well as the nitrogen chemistry. This affects many of the key lines used in the interpretation of disk observations. Differential analysis of various disk models using the same chemical input data will be more robust than the interpretation of absolute fluxes.PostprintPeer reviewe
XQ-100: A legacy survey of one hundred 3.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 quasars observed with VLT/X-shooter

We describe the execution and data reduction of the European Southern Observatory Large Programme "Quasars and their absorption lines: a legacy survey of the high-redshift Universe with VLT/X-shooter" (hereafter "XQ-100"). XQ-100 has produced and made publicly available a homogeneous and high-quality sample of echelle spectra of 100 quasars (QSOs) at redshifts z ≃ 3.5-4.5 observed with full spectral coverage from 315 to 2500 nm at a resolving power ranging from R ̃. 4000 to 7000, depending on wavelength. The median signal-to-noise ratios are 33, 25 and 43, as measured at rest-frame wavelengths 1700, 3000 and 3600 Å, respectively. This paper provides future users of XQ-100 data with the basic statistics of the survey, along with details of target selection, data acquisition and data reduction. The paper accompanies the public release of all data products, including 100 reduced spectra. XQ-100 is the largest spectroscopic survey to date of high-redshift QSOs with simultaneous rest-frame UV/optical coverage, and as such enables a wide range of extragalactic research, from cosmology and galaxy evolution to AGN astrophysics. © 2016 ESO
Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ∼17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion

Glacial-state greenhouse gas concentrations and Southern Hemisphere climate conditions persisted until ∼17.7 ka, when a nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation was recorded in paleoclimate proxies in large parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with many changes ascribed to a sudden poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and subsequent climate impacts. We used high-resolution chemical measurements in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Byrd, and other ice cores to document a unique, ∼192-y series of halogen-rich volcanic eruptions exactly at the start of accelerated deglaciation, with tephra identifying the nearby Mount Takahe volcano as the source. Extensive fallout from these massive eruptions has been found >2,800 km from Mount Takahe. Sulfur isotope anomalies and marked decreases in ice core bromine consistent with increased surface UV radiation indicate that the eruptions led to stratospheric ozone depletion. Rather than a highly improbable coincidence, circulation and climate changes extending from the Antarctic Peninsula to the subtropics—similar to those associated with modern stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica—plausibly link the Mount Takahe eruptions to the onset of accelerated Southern Hemisphere deglaciation ∼17.7 ka
Search for supersymmetry in events with at least one photon, missing transverse momentum, and large transverse event activity in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in final states with at least one photon, large transverse momentum imbalance, and large total transverse event activity is presented. Such topologies can be produced in gauge-mediated supersymmetry models in which pair-produced gluinos or squarks decay to photons and gravitinos via short-lived neutralinos. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. No significant excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed. The data are interpreted in simplified models of gluino and squark pair production, in which gluinos or squarks decay via neutralinos to photons. Gluino masses of up to 1.50-2.00 TeV and squark masses up to 1.30-1.65 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the neutralino mass and branching fraction
Type II endoleak: conservative management is a safe strategy

OBJECTIVE: Type II endoleak is the most common complication after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR); however, its natural history is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and outcomes of type II endoleak, at a single institution after EVAR. METHODS: A total of 904 consecutive patients who underwent EVAR between September 1995 and July 2013 at a single centre were entered onto a prospective database. All patients were followed up by duplex ultrasound (DUSS). Patients who developed type II endoleak were compared for preoperative demographics, mortality, and sac expansion. RESULTS: A total of 175(19%) patients developed type II endoleak over a median follow-up of 3.6 years (1.5-5.9 years); 54% of type II endoleaks spontaneously resolved within 6 months (0.25-1.2 years). No difference was found in preoperative demographics or choice of endograft between the two groups. Survival was significantly higher in the group with type II endoleak (94.1% vs. 85.6%; p = .01) and this effect was most pronounced in those with late type II endoleaks (97.7% vs. 85.6% p = .004). No difference was seen in aneurysm-related mortality or rate of type I endoleak between the two groups. Freedom from sac expansion (>5 mm from preoperative diameter) was significantly lower in the group of patients with type II endoleak (82.5% vs. 93.2%, p = .0001); however, at a threshold of >10 mm from preoperative diameter no difference was seen. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with isolated type II endoleak demonstrate equivalent aneurysm-related mortality and an improved survival.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Towards a theoretical foundation for morphological computation with compliant bodies

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)The control of compliant robots is, due to their often nonlinear and complex dynamics, inherently difficult. The vision of morphological computation proposes to view these aspects not only as problems, but rather also as parts of the solution. Non-rigid body parts are not seen anymore as imperfect realizations of rigid body parts, but rather as potential computational resources. The applicability of this vision has already been demonstrated for a variety of complex robot control problems. Nevertheless, a theoretical basis for understanding the capabilities and limitations of morphological computation has been missing so far. We present a model for morphological computation with compliant bodies, where a precise mathematical characterization of the potential computational contribution of a complex physical body is feasible. The theory suggests that complexity and nonlinearity, typically unwanted properties of robots, are desired features in order to provide computational power. We demonstrate that simple generic models of physical bodies, based on mass-spring systems, can be used to implement complex nonlinear operators. By adding a simple readout (which is static and linear) to the morphology such devices are able to emulate complex mappings of input to output streams in continuous time. Hence, by outsourcing parts of the computation to the physical body, the difficult problem of learning to control a complex body, could be reduced to a simple and perspicuous learning task, which can not get stuck in local minima of an error function
Galactosylsphingamides: new alpha-GalCer analogues to probe the F '-pocket of CD1d

Invariant Natural Killer T-cells (iNKT-cells) are an attractive target for immune response modulation, as upon CD1d-mediated stimulation with KRN7000, a synthetic 
α-galactosylceramide, they produce a vast amount of cytokines. Here we present a synthesis that allows swift modification of the phytosphingosine side chain by amidation of an advanced methyl ester precursor. The resulting 
KRN7000 derivatives, termed α-galactosylsphingamides, were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate  iNKT-cells. While introduction of the amide-motif in the phytosphingosine chain is tolerated for CD1d binding and TCR recognition, the studied α-galactosylsphingamides showed compromised antigenic  properties.status: publishe