pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Slip distributions on active normal faults measured from LiDAR and field mapping of geomorphic offsets: an example from L'Aquila, Italy, and implications for modelling seismic moment release

AbstractSurface slip distributions for an active normal fault in central Italy have been measured using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), in order to assess the impact of changes in fault orientation and kinematics when modelling subsurface slip distributions that control seismic moment release. The southeastern segment of the surface trace of the Campo Felice active normal fault near the city of L'Aquila was mapped and surveyed using techniques from structural geology and using TLS to define the vertical and horizontal offsets of geomorphic slopes since the last glacial maximum (15±3ka). The fault geometry and kinematics measured from 43 sites and throw/heave measurements from geomorphic offsets seen on 250 scarp profiles were analysed using a modification of the Kostrov equations to calculate the magnitudes and directions of horizontal principal strain-rates. The map trace of the studied fault is linear, except where a prominent bend has formed to link across a former left-stepping relay-zone. The dip of the fault and slip direction are constant across the bend. Throw-rates since 15±3ka decrease linearly from the fault centre to the tip, except in the location of the prominent bend where higher throw rates are recorded. Vertical coseismic offsets for two palaeo earthquake ruptures seen as fresh strips of rock at the base of the bedrock scarp also increase within the prominent bend. The principal strain-rate, calculated by combining strike, dip, slip-direction and post 15±3ka throw rate, decreases linearly from the fault centre towards the tip; the strain-rate does not increase across the prominent fault bend. The above shows that changes in fault strike, whilst having no effect on the principal horizontal strain-rate, can produce local maxima in throw-rates during single earthquakes that persist over the timescale of multiple earthquakes (15±3ka). Detailed geomorphological and structural characterisation of active faults is therefore a critical requirement in order to properly define fault activity for the purpose of accurate seismic hazard assessment. We discuss the implications of modelling subsurface slip distributions for earthquake ruptures through inversion of GPS, InSAR and strong motion data using planar fault approximations, referring to recent examples on the nearby Paganica fault that ruptured in the Mw 6.3 2009L'Aquila Earthquake
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using 35 pb−1 of ATLAS data

AbstractA measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |η|<1.37 and 1.52⩽|η|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45⩽ET<400 GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section
Relativistic description of BCS–BEC crossover in nuclear matter

AbstractWe study theoretically the di-neutron spatial correlations and the crossover from superfluidity of neutron Cooper pairs in the S01 pairing channel to Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of di-neutron pairs for both symmetric and neutron matter in the microscopic relativistic pairing theory. We take the bare nucleon–nucleon interaction Bonn-B in the particle–particle channel and the effective interaction PK1 of the relativistic mean-field approach in the particle–hole channel. It is found that the spatial structure of neutron Cooper pair wave function evolves continuously from BCS-type to BEC-type as density decreases. We see a strong concentration of the probability density revealed for the neutron pairs in the fairly small relative distance around 1.5 fm and the neutron Fermi momentum kFn∈[0.6,1.0] fm−1. However, from the effective chemical potential and the quasiparticle excitation spectrum, there is no evidence for the appearance of a true BEC state of neutron pairs at any density. The most BEC-like state may appear at kFn∼0.2 fm−1 by examining the density correlation function. From the coherence length and the probability distribution of neutron Cooper pairs as well as the ratio between the neutron pairing gap and the kinetic energy at the Fermi surface, some features of the BCS–BEC crossover are seen in the density regions, 0.05 fm−1<kFn<0.7(0.75) fm−1, for the symmetric nuclear (pure neutron) matter
Hospitals in rural or remote areas: An exploratory review of policies in 8 high-income countries

AbstractOur study reviewed policies in 8 high-income countries (Australia, Canada, United States, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Croatia and Estonia) in Europe, Australasia and North America with regard to hospitals in rural or remote areas. We explored whether any specific policies on hospitals in rural or remote areas are in place, and, if not, how countries made sure that the population in remote or rural areas has access to acute inpatient services. We found that only one of the eight countries (Italy) had drawn up a national policy on hospitals in rural or remote areas. In the United States, although there is no singular comprehensive national plan or vision, federal levers have been used to promote access in rural or remote areas and provide context for state and local policy decisions. In Australia and Canada, intermittent policies have been developed at the sub-national level of states and provinces respectively. In those countries where access to hospital services in rural or remote areas is a concern, common challenges can be identified, including the financial sustainability of services, the importance of medical education and telemedicine and the provision of quick transport to more specialized services
Regenerative Potential of Ependymal Cells for Spinal Cord Injuries Over Time

AbstractStem cells have a high therapeutic potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). We have shown previously that endogenous stem cell potential is confined to ependymal cells in the adult spinal cord which could be targeted for non-invasive SCI therapy. However, ependymal cells are an understudied cell population. Taking advantage of transgenic lines, we characterize the appearance and potential of ependymal cells during development. We show that spinal cord stem cell potential in vitro is contained within these cells by birth. Moreover, juvenile cultures generate more neurospheres and more oligodendrocytes than adult ones. Interestingly, juvenile ependymal cells in vivo contribute to glial scar formation after severe but not mild SCI, due to a more effective sealing of the lesion by other glial cells. This study highlights the importance of the age-dependent potential of stem cells and post-SCI environment in order to utilize ependymal cell's regenerative potential
Application of the fast multipole method to hybrid finite element–boundary element models

AbstractThis paper focuses on the acceleration of the hybrid finite element–boundary element analysis of 2D eddy current problems by means of the fast multipole method. An adaptive truncation scheme for the expansion of the 2D Laplace Green function is proposed. A linear time harmonic test case is considered. The results obtained with the hybrid model, with and without fast multipole acceleration, agree well with those obtained with a finite element model. The computational cost of the three calculations is compared and discussed. The proposed adaptive truncation scheme significantly contributes to the computation time savings achieved with the fast multipole method, particularly when dealing with moderate sized problems
Rapid Spread of Zika Virus in The Americas - Implications for Public Health Preparedness for Mass Gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games

SummaryMass gatherings at major international sporting events put millions of international travelers and local host-country residents at risk of acquiring infectious diseases, including locally endemic infectious diseases. The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently aroused global attention due to its rapid spread since its first detection in May 2015 in Brazil to 22 other countries and other territories in the Americas. The ZIKV outbreak in Brazil, has also been associated with a significant rise in the number of babies born with microcephaly and neurological disorders, and has been declared a ‘Global Emergency by the World Health Organization. This explosive spread of ZIKV in Brazil poses challenges for public health preparedness and surveillance for the Olympics and Paralympics which are due to be held in Rio De Janeiro in August, 2016. We review the epidemiology and clinical features of the current ZIKV outbreak in Brazil, highlight knowledge gaps, and review the public health implications of the current ZIKV outbreak in the Americas. We highlight the urgent need for a coordinated collaborative response for prevention and spread of infectious diseases with epidemic potential at mass gatherings events
First observation of B¯s0→Ds2⁎+Xμ−ν¯ decays

AbstractUsing data collected with the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the semileptonic decays B¯s0→Ds+Xμ−ν¯ and B¯s0→D0K+Xμ−ν¯ are detected. Two structures are observed in the D0K+ mass spectrum at masses consistent with the known Ds1(2536)+ and Ds2⁎(2573)+ mesons. The measured branching fractions relative to the total B¯s0 semileptonic rate are B(B¯s0→Ds2⁎+Xμ−ν¯)/B(B¯s0→Xμ−ν¯)=(3.3±1.0±0.4)%, and B(B¯s0→Ds1+Xμ−ν¯)/B(B¯s0→Xμ−ν¯)=(5.4±1.2±0.5)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the first observation of the Ds2⁎+ state in B¯s0 decays; we also measure its mass and width
Lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioural, anthropometric and metabolic outcomes

AbstractPurposeTo systematically review lifestyle interventions for women with prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) to report study characteristics, intervention design and study quality and explore changes in 1) diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour; 2) anthropometric outcomes and; 3) glycaemic control and diabetes risk.MethodsDatabases (Web of Science, CCRCT, EMBASE and Science DIRECT) were searched (1980 to April 2014) using keywords for controlled or pre–post design trials of lifestyle intervention targeting women with previous GDM reporting at least one behavioural, anthropometric or diabetes outcome. Selected studies were narratively synthesized with anthropometric and glycaemic outcomes synthesized using meta-analysis.ResultsThree of 13 included studies were rated as low bias risk. Recruitment rates were poor but study retention good. Six of 11 studies reporting on physical activity reported favourable intervention effects. All six studies reporting on diet reported favourable intervention effects. In meta-analysis, significant weight-loss was attributable to one Chinese population study (WMD=−1.06kg (95% CI=−1.68, −0.44)). Lifestyle interventions did not change fasting blood glucose (WMD=−0.05mmol/L, 95% CI=−0.21, 0.11) or type 2 diabetes risk.ConclusionsLack of methodologically robust trials gives limited evidence for the success of lifestyle interventions in women with prior GDM. Recruitment into trials is challenging
Prognostic Value of Midregional Pro-Adrenomedullin in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction The LAMP (Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide) Study

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the prognostic impact of midregional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).BackgroundAdrenomedullin (ADM) is elevated in heart failure (HF) and after AMI. Another part of its precursor, MR-proADM, is more stable in circulation and ex vivo. We investigated the cardiovascular prognostic value after AMI of MR-proADM and compared it with N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), a marker of death and HF.MethodsWe measured plasma MR-proADM and NTproBNP in 983 consecutive post-AMI patients (721 men, mean age 65.0 ± 12.2 years), 3 to 5 days after chest pain onset.ResultsThere were 101 deaths and 49 readmissions with HF during follow-up (median 342, range 0 to 764 days). The MR-proADM was increased in patients with death or HF compared with survivors (median 1.19 nmol/l, range 0.09 to 5.39 nmol/l, vs. 0.71 nmol/l, range 0.25 to 6.66 nmol/l, p < 0.0001). Using a multivariate binary logistic model, log MR-proADM (odds ratio 4.22) and log NTproBNP (odds ratio 3.20) were significant independent predictors of death or HF (with creatinine, age, gender, and history of AMI). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for MR-proADM, NTproBNP, and the logistic model with both markers were 0.77, 0.79, and 0.84 respectively. Cox models for the predictors of death or HF showed the same variables (including log MR-proADM, hazard ratio 3.63; log NTproBNP, hazard ratio 2.67). The MR-proADM provided further risk stratification in those patients who had NTproBNP levels above the median (p < 0.0001). Findings were similar for death and HF as individual end points.ConclusionsThe ADM system is activated after AMI. The MR-proADM is a powerful predictor of adverse outcome, especially in those with an elevated NTproBNP. The MR-proADM may represent a clinically useful marker of prognosis after AMI
Small data global existence for the semilinear wave equation with space–time dependent damping

AbstractIn this paper we consider the critical exponent problem for the semilinear wave equation with space–time dependent damping. When the damping is effective, it is expected that the critical exponent agrees with that of only the space dependent coefficient case. We shall prove that there exists a unique global solution for small data if the power of nonlinearity is larger than the expected exponent. Moreover, we do not assume that the data are compactly supported. However, it is still open whether there exists a blow-up solution if the power of nonlinearity is smaller than the expected exponent
SRD5A3 Is Required for Converting Polyprenol to Dolichol and Is Mutated in a Congenital Glycosylation Disorder

SummaryN-linked glycosylation is the most frequent modification of secreted and membrane-bound proteins in eukaryotic cells, disruption of which is the basis of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs). We describe a new type of CDG caused by mutations in the steroid 5α-reductase type 3 (SRD5A3) gene. Patients have mental retardation and ophthalmologic and cerebellar defects. We found that SRD5A3 is necessary for the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols to form dolichols, required for synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides, and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. The presence of residual dolichol in cells depleted for this enzyme suggests the existence of an unexpected alternative pathway for dolichol de novo biosynthesis. Our results thus suggest that SRD5A3 is likely to be the long-sought polyprenol reductase and reveal the genetic basis of one of the earliest steps in protein N-linked glycosylation
“If I was going to die I should at least be having fun”: Travel blogs, meaning and tourist experience

AbstractTravel blogs are an under-utilised resource for researchers of tourism experiences. They can provide rich insights on how tourists express the transformational effects of their experiences for the self. This study of travel blogs by nineteen British bloggers reveals how elements of the narrative relating to self-reflection and emotions are central to the process of transforming their travel experiences into personally meaningful experiences. Bloggers implicitly and explicitly express how travel contributes to self-identity, signalling self-development. The study contributes to knowledge about the lasting impact of long term travel on people, adding meaning symbolic of an evolving self
Validation of the Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy in cohorts with different presentations and treatments

The Oxford Classification of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) identified mesangial hypercellularity (M), endocapillary proliferation (E), segmental glomerulosclerosis (S), and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (T) as independent predictors of outcome. Whether it applies to individuals excluded from the original study and how therapy influences the predictive value of pathology remain uncertain. The VALIGA study examined 1147 patients from 13 European countries that encompassed the whole spectrum of IgAN. Over a median follow-up of 4.7 years, 86% received renin–angiotensin system blockade and 42% glucocorticoid/immunosuppressive drugs. M, S, and T lesions independently predicted the loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and a lower renal survival. Their value was also assessed in patients not represented in the Oxford cohort. In individuals with eGFR less than 30ml/min per 1.73m2, the M and T lesions independently predicted a poor survival. In those with proteinuria under 0.5g/day, both M and E lesions were associated with a rise in proteinuria to 1 or 2g/day or more. The addition of M, S, and T lesions to clinical variables significantly enhanced the ability to predict progression only in those who did not receive immunosuppression (net reclassification index 11.5%). The VALIGA study provides a validation of the Oxford classification in a large European cohort of IgAN patients across the whole spectrum of the disease. The independent predictive value of pathology MEST score is reduced by glucocorticoid/immunosuppressive therapy
Risk factors for eating disorder symptoms at 12 years of age: A 6-year longitudinal cohort study

AbstractEating disorders pose risks to health and wellbeing in young adolescents, but prospective studies of risk factors are scarce and this has impeded prevention efforts. This longitudinal study aimed to examine risk factors for eating disorder symptoms in a population-based birth cohort of young adolescents at 12 years.Participants from the Gateshead Millennium Study birth cohort (n = 516; 262 girls and 254 boys) completed self-report questionnaire measures of eating disorder symptoms and putative risk factors at age 7 years, 9 years and 12 years, including dietary restraint, depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction. Body mass index (BMI) was also measured at each age.Within-time correlates of eating disorder symptoms at 12 years of age were greater body dissatisfaction for both sexes and, for girls only, higher depressive symptoms. For both sexes, higher eating disorder symptoms at 9 years old significantly predicted higher eating disorder symptoms at 12 years old. Dietary restraint at 7 years old predicted boys' eating disorder symptoms at age 12, but not girls'. Factors that did not predict eating disorder symptoms at 12 years of age were BMI (any age), girls’ dietary restraint at 7 years and body dissatisfaction at 7 and 9 years of age for both sexes.In this population-based study, different patterns of predictors and correlates of eating disorder symptoms were found for girls and boys. Body dissatisfaction, a purported risk factor for eating disorder symptoms in young adolescents, developed concurrently with eating disorder symptoms rather than preceding them. However, restraint at age 7 and eating disorder symptoms at age 9 years did predict 12-year eating disorder symptoms. Overall, our findings suggest that efforts to prevent disordered eating might beneficially focus on preadolescent populations
Tensionless strings, correspondence with SO(D,D) sigma-model

AbstractThe string theory with perimeter action is tensionless by its geometrical nature and has a pure massless spectrum of higher spin gauge particles. I demonstrate that the linear transformation of the world-sheet fields defines a map to the SO(D,D) sigma-model equipped by additional Abelian constraint, which breaks SO(D,D) to a diagonal SO(1,D−1). The effective tension is equal to the square of the dimensional coupling constant of the perimeter action. This correspondence allows to view the perimeter action as a “square root” of the Nambu–Goto area action. The aforementioned correspondence between tensionless strings and SO(D,D) sigma-model allows to introduce vertex operators in full analogy with the standard string theory and to confirm the form of the vertex operators introduced earlier, the value of the intercept a=1 and the critical dimension D=13
Integrated Genomics of Crohn’s Disease Risk Variant Identifies a Role for CLEC12A in Antibacterial Autophagy

SummaryThe polymorphism ATG16L1 T300A, associated with increased risk of Crohn’s disease, impairs pathogen defense mechanisms including selective autophagy, but specific pathway interactions altered by the risk allele remain unknown. Here, we use perturbational profiling of human peripheral blood cells to reveal that CLEC12A is regulated in an ATG16L1-T300A-dependent manner. Antibacterial autophagy is impaired in CLEC12A-deficient cells, and this effect is exacerbated in the presence of the ATG16L1∗300A risk allele. Clec12a−/− mice are more susceptible to Salmonella infection, supporting a role for CLEC12A in antibacterial defense pathways in vivo. CLEC12A is recruited to sites of bacterial entry, bacteria-autophagosome complexes, and sites of sterile membrane damage. Integrated genomics identified a functional interaction between CLEC12A and an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex that functions in antibacterial autophagy. These data identify CLEC12A as early adaptor molecule for antibacterial autophagy and highlight perturbational profiling as a method to elucidate defense pathways in complex genetic disease
Lorentz-diffeomorphism quasi-local conserved charges and Virasoro algebra in Chern–Simons-like theories of gravity

AbstractThe Chern–Simons-like theories of gravity (CSLTG) are formulated at first order formalism. In this formalism, the derivation of the entropy of a black hole on bifurcation surface, as a quasi-local conserved charge is problematic. In this paper we overcome these problems by considering the concept of total variation and the Lorentz–Lie derivative. We firstly find an expression for the ADT conserved current in the context of the CSLTG which is based on the concept of the Killing vector fields. Then, we generalize it to be conserved for all diffeomorphism generators. Thus, we can extract an off-shell conserved charge for any vector field which generates a diffeomorphism. The formalism presented here is based on the concept of quasi-local conserved charges which are off-shell. The charges can be calculated on any codimension two space-like surface surrounding a black hole and the results are independent of the chosen surface. By using the off-shell quasi-local conserved charge, we investigate the Virasoro algebra and find a formula to calculate the central extension term. We apply the formalism to the BTZ black hole solution in the context of the Einstein gravity and the Generalized massive gravity, then we find the eigenvalues of their Virasoro generators as well as the corresponding central charges. Eventually, we calculate the entropy of the BTZ black hole by the Cardy formula and we show that the result exactly matches the one obtained by the concept of the off-shell conserved charges