pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders

Elevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets
Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD. The measurement uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8TeVrecorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 20.2fb−1. The differential cross sections are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: |ηγ| <1.37and 1.56 <|ηγ| <2.37. The measurement covers photon transverse energies 25 <EγT<400GeVand 25 <EγT<350GeVrespectively for the two |ηγ|regions. For each jet flavour, the ratio of the cross sections in the two |ηγ|regions is also measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central γ+bmeasurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to 27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions
Large Interstellar Polarisation Survey, II : UV/optical study of cloud-to-cloud variations of dust in the diffuse ISM

It is well known that the dust properties of the diffuse interstellar medium exhibit variations towards different sight-lines on a large scale. We have investigated the variability of the dust characteristics on a small scale, and from cloud-to-cloud. We use low-resolution spectro-polarimetric data obtained in the context of the Large Interstellar Polarisation Survey (LIPS) towards 59 sight-lines in the Southern Hemisphere, and we fit these data using a dust model composed of silicate and carbon particles with sizes from the molecular to the sub-micrometre domain. Large (>= 6 nm) silicates of prolate shape account for the observed polarisation. For 32 sight-lines we complement our data set with UVES archive high-resolution spectra, which enable us to establish the presence of single-cloud or multiple-clouds towards individual sight-lines. We find that the majority of these 35 sight-lines intersect two or more clouds, while eight of them are dominated by a single absorbing cloud. We confirm several correlations between extinction and parameters of the Serkowski law with dust parameters, but we also find previously undetected correlations between these parameters that are valid only in single-cloud sight-lines. We find that interstellar polarisation from multiple-clouds is smaller than from single-cloud sight-lines, showing that the presence of a second or more clouds depolarises the incoming radiation. We find large variations of the dust characteristics from cloud-to-cloud. However, when we average a sufficiently large number of clouds in single-cloud or multiple-cloud sight-lines, we always retrieve similar mean dust parameters. The typical dust abundances of the single-cloud cases are [C]/[H] = 92 ppm and [Si]/[H] = 20 ppm
Fractional variational problems with the Riesz-Caputo derivative

In this paper we investigate optimality conditions for fractional variational problems, with a Lagrangian depending on the Riesz-Caputo derivative. First we prove a generalized Euler-Lagrange equation for the case when the interval of integration of the functional is different from the interval of the fractional derivative. Next we consider integral dynamic constraints on the problem, for several different cases. Finally, we determine optimality conditions for functionals depending not only on the admissible functions, but on time also, and we present a necessary condition for a pair function-time to be an optimal solution to the problem. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.FCTCIDM
I see what you say: Prior knowledge of other’s goals automatically biases the perception of their actions

We investigated whether top-down expectations about an actor’s intentions affect action perception in a representational momentum (RM) paradigm. Participants heard an actor declare an intention to either take or leave an object and then saw him either reach for or withdraw from it, such that action and intention were either congruent or incongruent. Observers generally misperceived the hand’s disappearance point further along the trajectory than it actually was, in line with the idea that action perception incorporates predictions of the action’s future course. Importantly, this RM effect was larger for actions congruent with the actor’s goals than for incongruent actions. These results demonstrate that action prediction integrates both current motion and top-down knowledge about the actor’s intention. They support recent theories that emphasise the role of prior expectancies and prediction errors in social (and non-social) cognitive processing
Multiple-taxonomy question classification for category search on faceted information

In this paper we present a novel multiple-taxonomy question classification system, facing the challenge of assigning categories in multiple taxonomies to natural language questions. We applied our system to category search on faceted information. The system provides a natural language interface to faceted information, detecting the categories requested by the user and narrowing down the document search space to those documents pertaining to the facet values identified. The system was developed in the framework of language modeling, and the models to detect categories are inferred directly from the corpus of documents.This work has been partially supported by the framework of the project QALL-ME
(FP6-IST-033860), which is a 6th Framenwork Research Programme of the European
Union (EU), and the Spanish Government, project TEXT-MESS (TIN-2006-15265-
C06-01)
Environmental change in the Limfjord, Denmark (ca 7500–1500 cal yrs BP): a multiproxy study

The Limfjord region of northern Jutland, Denmark, supports a rich archaeological record dating back to the Mesolithic, which documents long-term change in human practices and utilisation of marine resources since approximately 7500 BP. The presence and availability of marine resources in the Limfjord is sensitively regulated by environmental parameters such as salinity, sedimentary regime, nutrient status and primary productivity, but long-term changes in these parameters are currently poorly understood. In this study a multiproxy approach (including sedimentary parameters, diatoms, molluscs, foraminifera, sedimentary pigments, C and O stable isotopes and plant macrofossils) has been adopted to assess environmental change over the period ca 7500–1500 cal yrs BP at Kilen, a coastal fjord (before AD 1856) situated in the Western Limfjord. A diatom-based salinity transfer function based on a pan-Baltic training set has been applied to the fossil diatom dataset for quantitative assessment of salinity change over the study period. This study demonstrates that large-scale shifts in salinity are a common feature of the Limfjord's long-term history and are driven by the level of connection with the North Sea and the Skagerrak respectively, which in turn is likely driven by the complex interplay between climate, sea-level change, current velocity and rates of erosion/sedimentary accretion. Three shifts in state at Kilen are identified over the study period: a deep, periodically stratified fjord with medium–high salinity (and high productivity) between ca 7500–5000 BP, followed by a gradual transition to a shallow benthic system with more oceanic conditions (i.e. higher salinity, lower productivity, slower sedimentary accumulation rate and poorer fossil preservation) after ca 5000 BP and no stratification after ca 4400 BP, and lastly, within this shallow phase, an abrupt shift to brackish conditions around 2000 BP. Environmental–societal interactions are discussed on the basis of the data presented in this study and current environmental hypotheses for cultural change are challenge
MGMT methylation analysis of glioblastoma on the Infinium methylation BeadChip identifies two distinct CpG regions associated with gene silencing and outcome, yielding a prediction model for comparisons across datasets, tumor grades, and CIMP-status

The methylation status of the O6-methylguanine- DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is an important predictive biomarker for benefit from alkylating agent therapy in glioblastoma. Recent studies in anaplastic glioma suggest a prognostic value for MGMT methylation. Investigation of pathogenetic and epigenetic features of this intriguingly distinct behavior requires accurate MGMT classification to assess high throughput molecular databases. Promoter methylation-mediated gene silencing is strongly dependent on the location of the methylated CpGs, complicating classification. Using the HumanMethylation450 (HM-450K) BeadChip interrogating 176 CpGs annotated for the MGMT gene, with 14 located in the promoter, two distinct regions in the CpG island of the promoter were identified with high importance for gene silencing and outcome prediction. A logistic regression model (MGMT-STP27) comprising probes cg1243587 and cg12981137 provided good classification properties and prognostic value (kappa = 0.85; Log-rank p<0.001) using a training-set of 63 glioblastomas from homogenously treated patients, for whom MGMT methylation was previously shown to be predictive for outcome based on classification by methylation-specific PCR. MGMT-STP27 was successfully validated in an independent cohort of chemo-radiotherapy-treated glioblastoma patients (n = 50; Kappa = 0.88; Outcome, log-rank p<0.001). Lower prevalence of MGMT methylation among CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) positive tumors was found in glioblastomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas than in low grade and anaplastic glioma cohorts, while in CIMPnegative gliomas MGMT was classified as methylated in approximately 50 % regardless of tumor grade. The proposed MGMT-STP27 prediction model allows mining of datasets derived on the HM-450K or HM-27K BeadChip to explore effects of distinct epigenetic context of MGMT methylation suspected to modulate treatment resistance in different tumor types
Past 140-year environmental record in the northern South China Sea : evidence from coral skeletal trace metal variations

About 140-year changes in the trace metals in Porites coral samples from two locations in the northern South China Sea were investigated. Results of PCA analyses suggest that near the coast, terrestrial input impacted behavior of trace metals by 28.4%, impact of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) was 19.0%, contribution of war and infrastructure were 14.4% and 15.6% respectively. But for a location in the open sea, contribution of War and SST reached 33.2% and 16.5%, while activities of infrastructure and guano exploration reached 13.2% and 14.7%. While the spatiotemporal change model of Cu, Cd and Pb in seawater of the north area of South China Sea during 1986–1997 were reconstructed. It was found that in the sea area Cu and Cd contaminations were distributed near the coast while areas around Sanya, Hainan had high Pb levels because of the well-developed tourism related activities
Search for the K(S) --> e+e- decay with the KLOE detector at DAFNE

We present results of a direct search for the decay KS --> e+e- with the KLOE
detector, obtained with a sample of e+e- --> phi --> KSKL events produced at
DAFNE, the Frascati phi-factory, for an integrated luminosity of 1.3fb-1. The
Standard Model prediction for this decay is BR(KS --> e+e-) = 1.6*10^-15. The
search has been performed tagging the KS decays by simultaneous detection of a
KL interaction in the calorimeter. Background rejection has been optimized by
using both kinematic cuts and particle identification. At the end of the
analysis chain we find BR(KS --> e+e-) < 2.1*10^-8 at 90% CL, which improves by
a factor of ~7 on the previous best result, obtained by CPLEAR experiment.Comment: paper submitted to Lepton Photon 0
High precision X-ray log N - Log S distributions: Implications for the obscured AGN population

[Context]: Our knowledge of the properties of AGN, especially those of optical type-2 objects, is very incomplete. Because extragalactic source count distributions are dependent on the cosmological and statistical properties of AGN, they provide a direct method of investigating the underlying source populations. [Aims]: We aim to constrain the extragalactic source count distributions over a broad range of X-ray fluxes and in various energy bands to test whether the predictions from X-ray background synthesis models agree with the observational constraints provided by our measurements. [Methods]: We have used 1129 XMM-Newton observations at |b| > 20º covering a total sky area of 132.3 deg2 to compile the largest complete samples of X-ray selected objects to date both in the 0.5-1 keV, 1-2 keV, 2-4.5 keV, 4.5-10 keV bands employed in standard XMM-Newton data processing and in the 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV energy bands more usually considered in source count studies. Our survey includes in excess of 30 000 sources and spans fluxes from ∼10-15 to 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1 below 2 keV and from ∼10-14 to 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1 above 2 keV where the bulk of the cosmic X-ray background energy density is produced. [Results]: The very large sample size we obtained means our results are not limited by cosmic variance or low counting statistics. A break in the source count distributions was detected in all energy bands except the 4.5-10 keV band. We find that an analytical model comprising 2 power-law components cannot adequately describe the curvature seen in the source count distributions. The shape of the log N(>S ) - log S is strongly dependent on the energy band with a general steepening apparent as we move to higher energies. This is due to the fact that non-AGN populations, comprised mainly of stars and clusters of galaxies, contribute up to 30% of the source population at energies <2 keV and at fluxes ≥10-13 erg cm-2 s-1, and these populations of objects have significantly flatter source count distributions than AGN. We find a substantial increase in the relative fraction of hard X-ray sources at higher energies, from ≥55% below 2 keV to ≥77% above 2 keV. However, the majority of sources detected above 4.5 keV still have significant flux below 2 keV. Comparison with predictions from the synthesis models suggest that the models might be overpredicting the number of faint absorbed AGN, which would call for fine adjustment of some model parameters such as the obscured to unobscured AGN ratio and/or the distribution of column densities at intermediate obscuration.S.M., and J.A.T. acknowledge direct support from the UK STFC research council. F.J.C. and J.E. acknowledge financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia under project ESP2006-13608-C02-01. R.D.C. and A.C. acknowledge financial support from\ud
MIUR, grants PRIN-MIUR 2006-02-5203 and from the Italian Space Agency (ASI), grants No. I/088/06/0.Peer Reviewe
The identification of hydrological indices for the characterization of macroinvertebrate community response to flow regime variability\ud

The importance of flow regime variability for maintaining ecological functioning and integrity of river ecosystems has been firmly established in both natural and anthropogenically modified systems. In this paper we examine river flow regimes across lowland catchments in eastern England using 47 variables, including those derived using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method was used to identify redundant hydrological variables and those that best characterised the hydrological series (1986-2005). A small number of variables (< 6 variables) characterised up to 95% of the statistical variability in the flow series. The hydrological processes and conditions that the variables represent were found to be significant in structuring the instream macroinvertebrate community LIFE scores at both the family- and species-level. However, hydrological variables only account for a relatively small proportion of the total ecological variability (typically <10%). The research indicates that a range of other factors, including channel morphology and anthropogenic modification of instream habitats, structure riverine macroinvertebrate communities in addition to hydrology. These factors need to be considered in future environmental flow studies to enable the characterisation of baseline/reference conditions for management and restoration purposes.\ud
\u
Chandra Observation of 3C288 - Reheating the Cool Core of a 3 keV
  Cluster from a Nuclear Outburst at z = 0.246

We present results from a 42 ks Chandra/ACIS-S observation of the
transitional FRI/FRII radio galaxy 3C288 at z = 0.246. We detect $\sim$3 keV
gas extending to a radius of $\sim$0.5 Mpc with a 0.5-2.0 keV luminosity of 6.6
$\times$ 10$^{43}$ ergs s$^{-1}$, implying that 3C288 lies at the center of a
poor cluster. We find multiple surface brightness discontinuities in the gas
indicative of either a shock driven by the inflation of the radio lobes or a
recent merger event. The temperature across the discontinuities is roughly
constant with no signature of a cool core, thus disfavoring either the merger
cold-front or sloshing scenarios. We argue therefore that the discontinuities
are shocks due to the supersonic inflation of the radio lobes. If they are
shocks, the energy of the outburst is $\sim$10^{60} ergs, or roughly 30% of the
thermal energy of the gas within the radius of the shock, assuming that the
shocks are part of a front produced by a single outburst. The cooling time of
the gas is $\sim$10^8 yrs, so that the energy deposited by the nuclear outburst
could have reheated and efficiently disrupted a cool core.Comment: 14 pages and 6 figures (some figures are of lower quality). Accepted
  for publication in ApJ (tentatively scheduled for the October 10, 2010,
  v722-1 issue
Small-time expansions of the distributions, densities, and option prices
  of stochastic volatility models with L\'evy jumps

We consider a stochastic volatility model with L\'evy jumps for a log-return
process $Z=(Z_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ of the form $Z=U+X$, where $U=(U_{t})_{t\geq 0}$
is a classical stochastic volatility process and $X=(X_{t})_{t\geq 0}$ is an
independent L\'evy process with absolutely continuous L\'evy measure $\nu$.
Small-time expansions, of arbitrary polynomial order, in time-$t$, are obtained
for the tails $\bbp(Z_{t}\geq z)$, $z>0$, and for the call-option prices
$\bbe(e^{z+Z_{t}}-1)_{+}$, $z\neq 0$, assuming smoothness conditions on the
{\PaleGrey density of $\nu$} away from the origin and a small-time large
deviation principle on $U$. Our approach allows for a unified treatment of
general payoff functions of the form $\phi(x){\bf 1}_{x\geq{}z}$ for smooth
functions $\phi$ and $z>0$. As a consequence of our tail expansions, the
polynomial expansions in $t$ of the transition densities $f_{t}$ are also
{\Green obtained} under mild conditions.Comment: Final version to appear in Stochastic Processes and their
  Application
56Ni dredge-up in Supernova 1987A

We use early-time observations of He I 10830 \AA to measure the extent of
upward mixing of radioactive material in SN 1987A. This work develops and
extends the work of Graham (1988), and places constraints on actual explosion
models. The presence of the He I 10830 \AA (2s^{3}S--2p^{3}P) line at $\geq 10$
days post-explosion implies re-ionisation by $\gamma$-rays from upwardly-mixed
radioactive material produced during the explosion. Using the unmixed explosion
model 10H (Woosley 1988) as well as mixed versions of it, we estimated the
$\gamma$-ray energy deposition by applying a purely absorptive radiative
transfer calculation. The deposition energy was used to find the ionisation
balance as a function of radius, and hence the 2s$^{3}$S population density
profile. This was then applied to a spectral synthesis model and the synthetic
spectra were compared with the observations. Neither model 10H nor the mixed
version, 10HMM, succeeded in reproducing the observed He I 10830 \AA line. The
discrepancy with the data found for 10HMM is particularly significant, as this
model has successfully reproduced the X-ray and $\gamma$-ray observations and
the UVOIR light curve. We find that a match to the He I line profile is
achieved by reducing the extent of mixing in 10HMM. Our reduced-mixing models
also reproduce the observed $\gamma$-ray line light curves and the iron-group
velocities deduced from late-time infrared line profiles. We suggest that the
He I line method provides a more sensitive measure of the extent of mixing in a
type II supernova explosion.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (uses epsf.sty
  - included
Testing Narrow-line Seyfert 1 scenarios with photoionization models

Narrow Line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies have recently received a lot of
attention due to their unusual optical--X-ray properties which are not yet well
understood. Photoionization models of the circum-nuclear emission/absorption
regions allow to investigate scenarios to explain the main characteristics of
NLSy1s, i.e., (i) extremely steep X-ray spectra within the ROSAT energy range,
(ii) narrow Balmer lines and (iii) weak forbidden lines except for some
relatively strong high-ionization iron lines. Here, we focus on (iii). In
particular, we study the influence of different EUV - soft-X-ray spectral
shapes (a giant soft excess, a steep X-ray powerlaw, presence of a warm
absorber) and NLR cloud properties on the predicted optical emission-line
ratios. The calculations were carried out with Ferland's code Cloudy.Comment: Contribution to "Heating and Acceleration in the Universe" (Tokyo,
  March 17-19, 1999), H.Inoue, T.Ohashi, T.Takahashi (eds); Astronomische
  Nachrichten 320, 1999, in press. Preprint and related papers also available
  at http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/~skomossa