pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Beyond Mere Application Structure Thoughts on the Future of Cloud Orchestration Tools

AbstractManaging cloud applications running on IaaS is complicated and error prone. This is why DevOps tools and application description languages have been emerging. While these tools and languages enable the user to define the application and communication structure based on application components, they lack the possibility to define sophisticated communication patterns including the wiring on instance level. This paper details these shortcomings and presents approaches to overcome them. In particular, they we propose (i) adding boundaries to wiring specifications and (ii) introducing a higher-level abstraction—called facet—on top of the application. The combination of both concepts allows specifying wiring on basis of logical units and their relations. Hence, the concepts overcome general wiring problems that currently exist in cloud orchestration tools. In addition to that, the introduction of facets improves the re-use of components across different applications
Ultrasonic Friction Reduction in Elastomer – Metal Contacts and Application to Pneumatic Actuators

AbstractUltrasonic friction reduction is well known in metal-metal contacts. Due to the vibration, the stick phase in the contact phase vanishes and only sliding occurs. As long as the macroscopic relative velocity of the contact partners is much lower than vibration velocity, the necessary force to move the parts tends to (nearly) zero. If the effect also exists in material combinations with a significant difference in stiffness and damping characteristic has not been investigated in the past. This contribution shows the effect for various material combinations, which are typical for sealings in pneumatic actuators. Further, a novel integrated transducer design for a pneumatic actuator is presented. In this design the transducer also acts as moving part within the pneumatic actuator. The design challenges are the two contact areas on the moving part, where the friction reduction and consequently high vibration amplitudes are needed. The first area is fixed on the transducer geometry, the other is moving along the piston. This novel design has been implemented in the laboratory; detailed experimental results are presented in this contribution
Faraday tomography of the local interstellar medium with LOFAR : Galactic foregrounds towards IC 342

Magnetic fields pervade the interstellar medium (ISM), but are difficult to detect and characterize. The new generation of low- frequency radio telescopes, such as the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR: a Square Kilometre Array-low pathfinder), provides advancements in our capability of probing Galactic magnetism through low-frequency polarimetry. Maps of diffuse polarized radio emission and the associated Faraday rotation can be used to infer properties of, and trace structure in, the magnetic fields in the ISM. However, to date very little of the sky has been probed at high angular and Faraday depth resolution. We observed a 5° by 5° region centred on the nearby galaxy IC 342 (ℓ = 138.2°, b = + 10.6°) using the LOFAR high-band antennae in the frequency range 115-178 MHz. We imaged this region at 4'.5x3'.8 resolution and performed Faraday tomography to detect foreground Galactic polarized synchrotron emission separated by Faraday depth (different amounts of Faraday rotation). Our Faraday depth cube shows a rich polarized structure, with up to 30 K of polarized emission at 150 MHz. We clearly detect two polarized features that extend over most of the field, but are clearly separated in Faraday depth. Simulations of the behaviour of the depolarization of Faraday-thick structures at such low frequencies show that such structures would be too strongly depolarized to explain the observations. These structures are therefore rejected as the source of the observed polarized features. Only Faraday thin structures will not be strongly depolarized at low frequencies ; producing such structures requires localized variations in the ratio of synchrotron emissivity to Faraday depth per unit distance. Such variations can arise from several physical phenomena, such as a transition between regions of ionized and (mostly) neutral gas. We conclude that the observed polarized emission is Faraday thin, and propose that the emission originates from two mostly neutral clouds in the local ISM. Using maps of the local ISM to estimate distances to these clouds, we have modelled the Faraday rotation for this line of sight and estimated that the strength of the line of sight component of magnetic field of the local ISM for this direction varies between -0.86 and+0.12 μG (where positive is towards the Earth). We propose that this may be a useful method for mapping magnetic fields within the local ISM in all directions towards nearby neutral clouds
TRUST I: A 3D externally illuminated slab benchmark for dust radiative
  transfer

The radiative transport of photons through arbitrary three-dimensional (3D)
structures of dust is a challenging problem due to the anisotropic scattering
of dust grains and strong coupling between different spatial regions. The
radiative transfer problem in 3D is solved using Monte Carlo or Ray Tracing
techniques as no full analytic solution exists for the true 3D structures. We
provide the first 3D dust radiative transfer benchmark composed of a slab of
dust with uniform density externally illuminated by a star. This simple 3D
benchmark is explicitly formulated to provide tests of the different components
of the radiative transfer problem including dust absorption, scattering, and
emission. This benchmark includes models with a range of dust optical depths
fully probing cases that are optically thin at all wavelengths to optically
thick at most wavelengths. This benchmark includes solutions for the full dust
emission including single photon (stochastic) heating as well as two
simplifying approximations: One where all grains are considered in equilibrium
with the radiation field and one where the emission is from a single effective
grain with size-distribution-averaged properties. A total of six Monte Carlo
codes and one Ray Tracing code provide solutions to this benchmark. Comparison
of the results revealed that the global SEDs are consistent on average to a few
percent for all but the scattered stellar flux at very high optical depths. The
image results are consistent within 10%, again except for the stellar scattered
flux at very high optical depths. The lack of agreement between different codes
of the scattered flux at high optical depths is quantified for the first time.
We provide the first 3D dust radiative transfer benchmark and validate the
accuracy of this benchmark through comparisons between multiple independent
codes and detailed convergence tests.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, Astronomy & Astrophysics, in pres
Are pharmacological randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to real-life asthma populations? A protocol for an UNLOCK study from the IPCRG

[Excerpt] Introduction: Asthma has a high prevalence worldwide with a high incidence in primary care settings in many countries.1 It is by deﬁnition a variable disease with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, in which management and treatment can be difﬁcult.2–8 The aim of asthma treatment is optimal control of the disease, which according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines implies both symptom control and prevention of exacerbations.1 Despite several treatment options, studies show that about half of the patients have poor asthma control.2,3 When asthma is not controlled, it decreases the quality of life, increases the risk of exacerbations and premature death and is a high cost for the society.2,3 [...]The IPCRG provided funding for this research project as an UNLOCK Group study for which the funding was obtained through an unrestricted grant by Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland. Novartis has no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. This study will include data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and is undertaken in collaboration with Optimum Patient Care and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for events containing four top quarks () is reported from proton–proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 fb−1. The analysis considers the single-lepton (e or μ)+jets and the opposite-sign dilepton (, , or )+jets channels. It uses boosted decision trees to combine information on the global event and jet properties to distinguish between and production. The number of events observed after all selection requirements is consistent with expectations from background and standard model signal predictions, and an upper limit is set on the cross section for production in the standard model of 94 fb at 95% confidence level ( the prediction), with an expected limit of 118 fb. This is combined with the results from the published CMS search in the same-sign dilepton channel, resulting in an improved limit of 69 fb at 95% confidence level ( the prediction), with an expected limit of 71 fb. These are the strongest constraints on the rate of production to date
Genome-wide reprogramming of the chromatin landscape underlies endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer.

The estrogen receptor (ER)α drives growth in two-thirds of all breast cancers. Several targeted therapies, collectively termed endocrine therapy, impinge on estrogen-induced ERα activation to block tumor growth. However, half of ERα-positive breast cancers are tolerant or acquire resistance to endocrine therapy. We demonstrate that genome-wide reprogramming of the chromatin landscape, defined by epigenomic maps for regulatory elements or transcriptional activation and chromatin openness, underlies resistance to endocrine therapy. This annotation reveals endocrine therapy-response specific regulatory networks where NOTCH pathway is overactivated in resistant breast cancer cells, whereas classical ERα signaling is epigenetically disengaged. Blocking NOTCH signaling abrogates growth of resistant breast cancer cells. Its activation state in primary breast tumors is a prognostic factor of resistance in endocrine treated patients. Overall, our work demonstrates that chromatin landscape reprogramming underlies changes in regulatory networks driving endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
In vitro antimetastatic activity of Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils against pancreatic\ud
cancer cells

Background\ud
\ud
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors which remains a rampant killer across the globe. Lack of early diagnosis and toxic drugs have failed to improve the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients, thus new agents that are safe, available and effective are urgently needed.\ud
\ud
Objective\ud
\ud
The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Agarwood essential oils in the inhibition of metastasis and induction of apoptosis in the pancreatic cell line (MIA PaCa-2).\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
Essential oils of Aquilaria crassna were obtained by hydrodistillation. Chemical characterization was analyzed using FTIR and GCMS. The effects of essential oils against three steps of metastases have been investigated, including cell proliferation, migration and clonogenicity. Hoechst and rhodamine assays confirmed the mechanism of pancreatic cancer cell death.\ud
Results\ud
\ud
The results showed that essential oils exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC50 (1
A highly sensitive mean-reverting process in finance and the Euler-Maruyama approximations

Empirical studies show that the most successful continuous-time models of the short term rate in capturing the dynamics are those that allow the volatility of interestchanges to be highly sensitive to the level of the rate. However, from the mathematics, the high sensitivity to the level implies that the coeffcients do not satisfy the lineargrowth condition, so we can not examine its properties by traditional techniques. This paper overcomes the mathematical difculties due to the nonlinear growth and examines its analytical properties and the convergence of numerical solutions in probability. The convergence result can be used to justify the method within Monte-Carlo simulations that compute the expected payoff of financial products. For illustration, we apply our results compute the value of a bond with interest rate given by the highly sensitive mean-reverting process as well as the value of a single barrier call option with the asset price governed by this process
Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part II: The global effects

Reliably representing both horizontal cloud inhomogeneity and vertical cloud overlap is fundamentally important for the radiation budget of a general circulation model. Here, we build on the work of Part One of this two-part paper by applying a pair of parameterisations that account for horizontal inhomogeneity and vertical overlap to global re-analysis data. These are applied both together and separately in an attempt to quantify the effects of poor representation of the two components on radiation budget. Horizontal inhomogeneity is accounted for using the “Tripleclouds” scheme, which uses two regions of cloud in each layer of a gridbox as opposed to one; vertical overlap is accounted for using “exponential-random” overlap, which aligns vertically continuous cloud according to a decorrelation height. These are applied to a sample of scenes from a year of ERA-40 data. The largest radiative\ud
effect of horizontal inhomogeneity is found to be in areas of marine stratocumulus; the effect of vertical overlap is found to be fairly uniform, but with larger individual short-wave and long-wave effects in areas of deep, tropical convection. The combined effect of the two parameterisations is found to reduce the magnitude of the net top-of-atmosphere cloud radiative forcing (CRF) by\ud
2.25 W m−2, with shifts of up to 10 W m−2 in areas of marine stratocumulus. The effects of the uncertainty in our parameterisations on radiation budget is also investigated. It is found that the uncertainty in the impact of horizontal inhomogeneity is of order ±60%, while the uncertainty in the impact of vertical overlap is much smaller. This suggests an insensitivity of the radiation budget to the exact nature of the global decorrelation height distribution derived in Part One
Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and jets in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for new physics is performed based on events with jets and a pair of isolated, same-sign leptons. The results are obtained using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1. In order to be sensitive to a wide variety of possible signals beyond the standard model, multiple search regions defined by the missing transverse energy, the hadronic energy, the number of jets and b-quark jets, and the transverse momenta of the leptons in the events are considered. No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed and constraints are set on a number of models for new physics, as well as on the same-sign top-quark pair and quadruple-top-quark production cross sections. Information on event selection efficiencies is also provided, so that the results can be used to confront an even broader class of new physics models.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Near Threshold Proton-Proton Fusion in Effective Field Theory

The astrophysical S-factor for proton-proton fusion, S_11(E), is obtained
with the nuclear matrix element analytically calculated in pionless effective
field theory. To the third order, the zero-energy result S_11(0) and the first
energy derivative S'_11(0) are found to be (3.99 \pm 0.14)* 10^-25 MeV b and
S_11(0)*(11.3 \pm 0.1) MeV^-1, respectively; both consistent with the current
adopted values. The second energy derivative is also calculated for the first
time, and the result S"_11(0) = S_11(0)*(170 \pm 2) MeV^-2 contributes at the
level of 0.5% to the fusion rate at the solar center, which is smaller than 1%
as previously estimated.Comment: Some typographical mistakes are fixed in this new versio
CCTV observation: The effects of event type and instructions on fixation behaviour in an applied change blindness task

Little is known about how observers’ scanning strategies affect performance when monitoring events in CCTV footage. We examined the fixation behaviour of change detectors and non-detectors monitoring dynamic scenes. 147 participants observed mock CCTV video featuring either a mock crime or no crime. Participants were instructed to look for a crime, something unusual, or simply to watch the video. In both videos, two of the people depicted switched locations. Eye movements (the number of fixations on the targets and the average length of each fixation on targets) were recorded prior to and during the critical change period. Change detection (24% overall) was unaffected by event type or task instruction. Fixation behaviour differed significantly between the criminal and non-criminal event conditions. There was no effect of instructions on fixation behaviour. Change detectors fixated for longer on the target directly before the change than did non-detectors. Although fixation behaviour before change predicted change detection, fixation count and durations during the critical change period did not. These results highlight the potential value of studying fixation behaviour for understanding change blindness during complex, cognitively demanding tasks (e.g., CCTV surveillance)
Electron affinities of organic materials used for organic lightemitting diodes : A low-energy inverse photoemission study

The electron affinity (EA) of an organic semiconductor is a measure of the electron transportlevel. Although reliable values of the EA are required for designing the device architectureof organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), there were no appropriate methods. Recentlywe have developed low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy which enables us todetermine the EA of organic materials in solid with the precision required for research ofOLED. Using this new technique, we precisely determined EA of typical OLED materials,TCTA, CBP, Ir(ppy)3, BCP, Alq3 and Liq as well as a newly developed dopant 4CzIPN. Theobtained electron affinities are generally smaller by about 1 eV than the commonlybelieved values urging the reconsideration of the electron injection/transport mechanismsin OLED. We also compare EAs determined by various experimental and calculationmethods for 29 materials. The results show that the reduction potential gives a reasonableestimate rather than the optical gap and ionization energy
Problematising the processes of participation in networks : working through the rhetoric

Participation in networks, both as a concept and process, is widely supported in environmental education as a democratic and equitable pathway to individual and social change for sustainability. However, the processes of participation in networks are rarely problematized. Rather, it is assumed that we inherently know how to participate in networks. This assumption means that participation is seldom questioned. Underlying support for participation in networks is a belief that it allows individuals to connect in new and meaningful ways, that individuals can engage in making decisions and in bringing about change in arenas that affect them, and that they will be engaging in new, non-hierarchical and equitable relationships. \ud
\ud
In this paper we problematize participation in networks. As an example we use research into a decentralized network – described as such in its own literature - the Queensland Environmentally Sustainable Schools Initiative Alliance in Australia – to argue that while network participants were engaged and committed to participation in this network, 'old' forms of top-down engagement and relationships needed to be unlearnt.  This paper thus proposes that for participation in decentralized networks to be meaningful, new learning about how to participate needs to occur
Impact of body parameters on dynamic movement primitivesfor robot control

The problem of movement coordination in large DoF (Degree of Freedom) robots is complex due to redundancies. In this regard, Dynamic Movement Primitive (DMP) is a useful planning technique, inspired by biology, that can be used to store and reproduce trajectories about every DoF. This work is a preliminary study that aims to understand and quantify the influence of the robot dynamics upon the performance of DMP in a simulated 2DoF robot arm. The investigation demonstrates that the effect of the robot body dynamics needs to be taken into account during the learning process of the DMP
International Intellectual Property Rights: Effects on Growth, Welfare and Income Inequality

What are the effects of strengthening developing countries' protection for intellectual property rights on economic growth, social welfare and income inequality in the global economy? To analyze this question, we develop a two-country R&D-based growth model with wealth heterogeneity. We find that the North experiences higher growth and welfare at the expense of higher income inequality while the South experiences higher growth at the expense of lower welfare and higher income inequality. As for global welfare, there exists a critical degree of cross-country spillovers below (above) which global welfare decreases (increases). In light of these findings, we discuss policy implications on China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001.
Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Kazakhstan: Fresh Evidence from a Multivariate Framework Analysis

This paper visits the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by incorporating trade openness, capital and labour in production function using annual data of Kazakhstan. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing and the VECM Granger causality approach to examine long run and causality relationship between the variables. 

Our results confirm the existence of long run relationship among the series. The empirical evidence reveals that electricity consumption adds in economic growth. Trade openness stimulates economic growth. Capital and labour promote economic growth. The causality analysis finds electricity consumption Granger causes economic growth. The feedback effect exists between Trade and economic growth. This study opens new insights for policy makers to articulate comprehensive economic, trade and energy policy to sustain long run economic growth.
Search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV using single lepton events

A search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV is performed using events with a single isolated electron or muon, jets, and a large transverse momentum imbalance. The results are based on data collected in 2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $fb^{−1}$. No significant excess of events is observed above the expectation from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are set in the context of supersymmetric models of pair production of top squarks that decay either to a top quark and a neutralino or to a bottom quark and a chargino. Depending on the details of the model, we exclude top squarks with masses as high as 1120 GeV. Detailed information is also provided to facilitate theoretical interpretations in other scenarios of physics beyond the standard model