pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Biological correlates of the Allais paradox

We conducted a questionnaire study with student subjects to look for explicit correlations between selected biological characteristics of the subjects and manifestation of the Allais paradox in the pattern of their choices between sets of two pairs of risky prospects. We find that particular bio-characteristics, such as gender, menstrual cycle, mother’s age, parenthood, digit ratio, perceived negative life events, and emotional state, can be related to the paradox. Women, in particular if not menstruating, are less susceptible to the paradox. Those born to not-too-young mothers are also less prone to the paradox. The same holds true for those who father children, those with high prenatal testosterone exposure, who have reported many negative life events, and those who were anxious, excited, aroused, happy, active, and fresh at the time of the experiment. Further, left-handers and atheists may be less inclined to exhibit the paradox.
A cross-national analysis of the relations between school choice and effectiveness differences between private-dependent and public schools

We apply propensity score matching to the estimation of differential school effectiveness between the publicly funded private sector and the public one, in a sample of 26 countries. This technique allows us to distinguish between school choice and school effectiveness processes and thus, to account for selectivity issues involved in the comparison of the two. Concerning school choice, we found two patterns: a choice of the upwardly mobile parents for private schools and a preference for segregation by (lower-) middle class parents. As regards school effectiveness, our results indicate that, after controlling for selectivity, a substantial advantage in reading achievement remains among students in publicly funded private schools in ten out of the 26 countries.
The Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Informal Labor Markets: A Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of the Brazilian Case.

Following trade liberalization, several developing countries experienced a sharp increase in the share of informal manufacturing employment. In this paper, I examine the impacts of trade liberalization on the labor markets of a small open economy, in an environment in which tariffs affect firms' payroll tax compliance decisions. I demonstrate that a reduction in domestic import tariffs reduces the average formal wage and show that the direction of the effect on the share of informal employment depends on the initial labor market conditions. A cut in trading partner import tariffs decreases the share of domestic informal employment and increases the average formal wage. I confirm the model's principal findings empirically, using data from the 1989--2001 Brazilian trade liberalization episode. I find the results robust to endogeneity and self-selection concerns, which are addressed, respectively, using instrumental variable and switching regression approaches.
Genome-wide meta-analysis associates HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA and lifestyle factors with human longevity

Contains fulltext :
                  177742.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Genomic analysis of longevity offers the potential to illuminate the biology of human aging. Here, using genome-wide association meta-analysis of 606,059 parents' survival, we discover two regions associated with longevity (HLA-DQA1/DRB1 and LPA). We also validate previous suggestions that APOE, CHRNA3/5, CDKN2A/B, SH2B3 and FOXO3A influence longevity. Next we show that giving up smoking, educational attainment, openness to new experience and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are most positively genetically correlated with lifespan while susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), cigarettes smoked per day, lung cancer, insulin resistance and body fat are most negatively correlated. We suggest that the effect of education on lifespan is principally mediated through smoking while the effect of obesity appears to act via CAD. Using instrumental variables, we suggest that an increase of one body mass index unit reduces lifespan by 7 months while 1 year of education adds 11 months to expected lifespan.Variability in human longevity is genetically influenced. Using genetic data of parental lifespan, the authors identify associations at HLA-DQA/DRB1 and LPA and find that genetic variants that increase educational attainment have a positive effect on lifespan whereas increasing BMI negatively affects lifespan.13 p
Symmetry enhancements via 5d instantons, qW-algebrae and (1, 0) superconformal index

We explore N=(1,0) superconformal six-dimensional theories arising from M5 branes probing a transverse Ak  singularity. Upon circle compactification to 5 dimensions, we describe this system with a dual pq-web of five-branes and propose the spectrum of basic five-dimensional instanton operators driving global symmetry enhancement. For a single M5 brane, we find that the exact partition function of the 5d quiver gauge theory matches the 6d (1, 0) index, which we compute by letter counting. We finally show that S-duality of the pq-web implies new relations among vertex correlators of qW-algebrae
Trade linkages of inward and outward FDI: Evidence from Malaysia

Developing and transition economies are an increasingly important source of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). The objective of this paper is to fill the gap in the literature regarding outward foreign direct investment by adopting the well known gravity model to examine the relationship between trade (export and import), inward and outward FDI using Malaysia as a case. This contributes to the literature as previous studies on OFDI in Malaysia have focused primarily on the determinants of these outward flows, and there are no studies examining the impact of OFDI on trade. Based on Hausman-Taylor estimation method, our findings reveal that inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) conforms to the observed pattern of a complementary relationship between FDI and trade, while OFDI and trade linkages are not significant as OFDI is dominated by the services sector, which generally is non-tradable. However, intra-firm trade in services could be increased through the process of fragmentation or outsourcing
IP-10 Kinetics in the First Week of Therapy are Strongly
                Associated with Bacteriological Confirmation of Tuberculosis
                Diagnosis in HIV-Infected Patients

Simple effective tools to monitor the long treatment of
                tuberculosis (TB) are lacking. Easily measured host derived
                biomarkers have been identified but need to be validated in
                larger studies and different population groups. Here we
                investigate the early response in IP-10 levels (between day 0
                and day 7 of TB therapy) to identify bacteriological status at
                diagnosis among 127 HIV-infected patients starting TB treatment.
                All participants were then classified as responding or not
                responding to treatment blindly using a previously described
                IP-10 kinetic algorithm. There were 77 bacteriologically
                confirmed cases and 41 Xpert MTB/RIF(R) and culture negative
                cases. Most participants had a measurable decline in IP-10
                during the first 7 days of therapy. Bacteriologically confirmed
                cases were more likely to have high IP-10 levels at D0 and had a
                steeper decline than clinically diagnosed cases (mean decline
                difference 2231 pg/dl, 95% CI: 897-3566, p = 0.0013).
                Bacteriologically confirmed cases were more likely to have a
                measurable decline in IP-10 at day 7 than clinically diagnosed
                cases (48/77 (62.3%) vs 13/41 (31.7%), p < 0.001). This study
                confirms the association between a decrease in IP-10 levels
                during the first week of treatment and a bacteriological
                confirmation at diagnosis in a large cohort of HIV positive
                patients
Phase II study of capecitabine and mitomycin C as first-line treatment in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Phase II study of capecitabine and mitomycin C as first-line treatment in patients with advanced colorectal cancer This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of capecitabine and mitomycin C (MMC) in previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients received capecitabine 2500 mg m(2) day 1, orally divided in two doses of 1250 mg m(-2) in the morning and evening for 14 days every 21 days and MMC 7 mg m(-2) ( maximum total dose 14 mg) as an intravenous bolus every 6 weeks for a total of four courses. The median age was 70 years ( range 24 - 85) and the majority of patients (86.9%) were of performance status 1/2. The most common metastatic site was liver. In all, 84 patients were assessable for response. The overall response rate was 38% (95% CI: 27.7 - 49.3) and a further 33.3% of patients achieved stable disease over 12 weeks. There was good symptom resolution ranging from 64 to 86%. Grade 3/4 toxicity was as follows: hand - foot syndrome 19.7%; diarrhoea 10%; neutropenia 2.4%; infection 2.3%. Capecitabine and MMC have shown encouraging activity with a favourable toxicity profile, a convenient administration schedule, and could be considered for patients deemed unsuitable for oxaliplatin and irinotecan combinations
Detecting functional decline from normal aging to dementia: Development and validation of a short version of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire

Introduction Detecting functional decline from normal aging to dementia is relevant for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Therefore, the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) was developed: a 70-item proxy-based tool with good psychometric properties. We aimed to design a short version while preserving its psychometric quality. Methods Study partners of subjects (n = 1355), ranging from cognitively normal to dementia subjects, completed the original A-IADL-Q. We selected the short version items using a stepwise procedure combining missing data, Item Response Theory, and input from respondents and experts. We investigated internal consistency of the short version and concordance with the original version. To assess its construct validity, we additionally investigated concordance between the short version and the Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). Finally, we investigated differences in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scores between diagnostic groups across the dementia spectrum. Results We selected 30 items covering the entire spectrum of IADL functioning. Internal consistency (0.98) and concordance with the original version (0.97) were very high. Concordance with the MMSE (0.72) and DAD (0.87) scores was high. IADL impairment scores increased across the spectrum from normal cognition to dementia. Discussion The A-IADL-Q short version (A-IADL-Q-SV) consists of 30 items and has maintained the psychometric quality of the original A-IADL-Q. As such, the A-IADL-Q-SV is a concise measure of functional decline
A proposed measurement of optical orbital and spin angular momentum and its implications for photon angular momentum

The expression for the total angular momentum carried by a laser optical vortex beam, splits, in the paraxial approximation, into two terms which seem to represent orbital and spin angular momentum respectively. There are, however, two very different competing versions of the formula for the spin angular momentum, one based on the use of the Poynting vector, as in classical electrodynamics, the other related to the canonical expression for the angular momentum which occurs in Quantum Electrodynamics. I analyze the possibility that a sufficiently sensitive optical measurement could decide which of these corresponds to the actual physical angular momentum carried by the beam
CARD14 gain-of-function mutation alone is sufficient to drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated psoriasiform skin inflammation in vivo

Rare autosomal dominant mutations in the gene encoding the keratinocyte signaling molecule, Caspase Recruitment Domain-Containing Protein 14 (CARD14), have been associated with an increased susceptibility to psoriasis but the physiological impact of CARD14 gain-of-function mutations remains to be fully determined in vivo. Here, we report that heterozygous mice harboring a CARD14 gain-of-function mutation (Card14ΔE138) spontaneously develop a chronic psoriatic phenotype with characteristic scaling skin lesions, epidermal thickening, keratinocyte hyperproliferation, hyperkeratosis and immune cell infiltration. Affected skin of these mice is characterized by elevated expression of anti-microbial peptides, chemokines and cytokines (including Th17 cell-signature cytokines), and an immune infiltrate rich in neutrophils, myeloid cells and T-cells, reminiscent of human psoriatic skin. Disease pathogenesis was driven by the IL-23/IL-17 axis and neutralization of IL-23p19, the key cytokine in maintaining Th17 cell polarization, significantly reduced skin lesions and the expression of antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, hyperactivation of CARD14 alone is sufficient to orchestrate the complex immunopathogenesis that drives Th17-mediated psoriasis skin disease in vivo
The little-studied cluster Berkeley 90. I. LS III +46 11: a very massive O3.5 If* + O3.5 If* binary

Context. It appears that most (if not all) massive stars are born in multiple systems. At the same time, the most massive binaries are hard to find owing to their low numbers throughout the Galaxy and the implied large distances and extinctions.
Aims. We want to study LS III +46 11, identified in this paper as a very massive binary; another nearby massive system, LS III +46 12; and the surrounding stellar cluster, Berkeley 90.
Methods. Most of the data used in this paper are multi-epoch high S/N optical spectra, although we also use Lucky Imaging and archival photometry. The spectra are reduced with dedicated pipelines and processed with our own software, such as a spectroscopicorbit code, CHORIZOS, and MGB.
Results. LS III +46 11 is identified as a new very early O-type spectroscopic binary [O3.5 If* + O3.5 If*] and LS III +46 12 as another early O-type system [O4.5 V((f))]. We measure a 97.2-day period for LS III +46 11 and derive minimum masses of 38.80 ± 0.83 M and 35.60 ± 0.77 M for its two stars. We measure the extinction to both stars, estimate the distance, search for optical companions, and study the surrounding cluster. In doing so, a variable extinction is found as well as discrepant results for the distance. We discuss possible explanations and suggest that LS III +46 12 may be a hidden binary system where the companion is currently undetected.Fil: Maíz Apellániz, J. . Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA); EspañaFil: Negueruela, I.. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Barbá, R. H. . Universidad de la Serena; ChileFil: Walborn, N. R.. Space Telescope Science Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Pellerin, A.. State University Of New York; Estados UnidosFil: Simón Díaz, S.. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; España. Universidad de la Laguna; EspañaFil: Sota, A.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Marco, A.. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Alonso Santiago, J.. Universidad de Alicante; EspañaFil: Sanchez Bermudez, J.. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; EspañaFil: Gamen, Roberto Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzo, J.. Universidad de Alicante; Españ
GOODS-ALMA: 1.1 mm galaxy survey - I. Source catalogue and optically dark galaxies

Aims. We present a 69 arcmin2 ALMA survey at 1.1mm, GOODS–ALMA, matching the deepest HST–WFC3 H-band part of the GOODS–South field. \ud
\ud
Methods. We tapered the 00024 original image with a homogeneous and circular synthesized beam of 00060 to reduce the number of independent beams – thus reducing the number of purely statistical spurious detections – and optimize the sensitivity to point sources. We extracted a catalog of galaxies purely selected by ALMA and identified sources with and without HST counterparts down to a 5σ limiting depth of H=28.2 AB (HST/WFC3 F160W). \ud
\ud
Results. ALMA detects 20 sources brighter than 0.7 mJy at 1.1mm in the 00060 tapered mosaic (rms sensitivity σ ' 0.18 mJy.beam−1 ) with a purity greater than 80%. Among these detections, we identify three sources with no HST nor Spitzer-IRAC counterpart, consistent with the expected number of spurious galaxies from the analysis of the inverted image; their definitive status will require additional investigation. We detect additional three sources with HST counterparts either at high significance in the higher resolution map, or with different detection-algorithm parameters ensuring a purity greater than 80%. Hence we identify in total 20 robust detections.\ud
\ud
Conclusions. Our wide contiguous survey allows us to push further in redshift the blind detection of massive galaxies with ALMA with a median redshift of z = 2.92 and a median stellar mass of M? = 1.1 × 1011M. Our sample includes 20% HST–dark galaxies (4 out of 20), all detected in the mid-infrared with Spitzer–IRAC. The near-infrared based photometric redshifts of two of them (z∼4.3 and 4.8) suggest that these sources have redshifts z > 4. At least 40% of the ALMA sources host an X-ray AGN, compared to ∼14% for other galaxies of similar mass and redshift. The wide area of our ALMA survey provides lower values at the bright end of number counts than single-dish telescopes affected by confusion
MAGIC TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of Markarian 421 during Multiwavelength Campaigns in 2006

Wide-range spectral coverage of blazar-type active galactic nuclei is of paramount importance for understanding the particle acceleration mechanisms assumed to take place in their jets. The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cerenkov (MAGIC) telescope participated in three multiwavelength (MWL) campaigns, observing the blazar Markarian (Mkn) 421 during the nights of April 28 and 29, 2006, and June 14, 2006. Aims. We analyzed the corresponding MAGIC very-high energy observations during 9 nights from April 22 to 30, 2006 and on June 14, 2006. We inferred light curves with sub-day resolution and night-by-night energy spectra. Methods. MAGIC detects γ-rays by observing extended air showers in the atmosphere. The obtained air-shower images were analyzed using the standard MAGIC analysis chain. Results. A strong γ-ray signal was detected from Mkn 421 on all observation nights. The flux (E > 250 GeV) varied on night-by-night basis between (0.92±0.11) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (0.57 Crab units) and (3.21±0.15) × 10-10 cm-2 s-1 (2.0 Crab units) in April 2006. There is a clear indication for intra-night variability with a doubling time of 36± min on the night of April 29, 2006, establishing once more rapid flux variability for this object. For all individual nights γ-ray spectra could be inferred, with power-law indices ranging from 1.66 to 2.47. We did not find statistically significant correlations between the spectral index and the flux state for individual nights. During the June 2006 campaign, a flux substantially lower than the one measured by the Whipple 10-m telescope four days later was found. Using a log-parabolic power law fit we deduced for some data sets the location of the spectral peak in the very-high energy regime. Our results confirm the indications of rising peak energy with increasing flux, as expected in leptonic acceleration models.Baixeras, C., Balestra, S., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bordas, P., Bosch-Ramon, V., Moldón, J., Paredes, J. M., Ribó, M., Zabalza, V.,... [et al.] fins a 148 autor
Defining the site of light perception and initiation of phototropism in Arabidopsis.

Phototropism is an adaptive response allowing plants to optimize photosynthetic light capture. This is achieved by asymmetric growth between the shaded and lit sides of the stimulated organ. In grass seedlings, the site of phototropin-mediated light perception is distinct from the site of bending; however, in dicotyledonous plants (e.g., Arabidopsis), spatial aspects of perception remain debatable. We use morphological studies and genetics to show that phototropism can occur in the absence of the root, lower hypocotyl, hypocotyl apex, and cotyledons. Tissue-specific expression of the phototropin1 (phot1) photoreceptor demonstrates that light sensing occurs in the upper hypocotyl and that expression of phot1 in the hypocotyl elongation zone is sufficient to enable a normal phototropic response. Moreover, we show that efficient phototropism occurs when phot1 is expressed from endodermal, cortical, or epidermal cells and that its local activation rapidly leads to a global response throughout the seedling. We propose that spatial aspects in the steps leading from light perception to growth reorientation during phototropism differ between grasses and dicots. These results are important to properly interpret genetic experiments and establish a model connecting light perception to the growth response, including cellular and morphological aspects
Kinetics of growth of thin-films of Co﻿2﻿Si, Ni﻿2﻿Si, WSi﻿2﻿ and VSi﻿2﻿ during a reactive diffusion process

A theoretical approach is developed which describes the growth kinetics of thin films of near noble metal silicide (especially of cobalt silicide (Co2Si) and nickel silicide (Ni2Si)) and refractory metal silicide (particularly of tungsten disilicide (WSi2) and vanadium disilicide (VSi2)) at the interfaces of metal silicon system. In this approach, metal species are presented as A-atoms, silicon as B-atoms, and silicide as AB-compound. The AB-compound is formed as a result of chemical transformation between A- and B-atoms at the reaction interfaces A/AB and AB/B. The growth of AB-compound at the interfaces occurs in two stages. The first growth stage is reaction controlled stage which takes place at the interface with excess A or B-atoms and the second stage is diffusion limited stage which occurs at both interfaces. The critical thickness of AB-compound and the corresponding time is determined at the transition point between the two growth stages. The result that follows from this approach shows that the growth kinetics of any growing silicides depends on the number of kinds of dominant diffusing species in the silicide layer and also on their number densities at the reaction interface. This result shows a linear-parabolic growth kinetics for WSi2, VSi2, Co2Si, and Ni2Si and it is in good agreement with experiment.The National Research Foundation of South Africahttp://www.journals.elsevier.com/results-in-physicsPhysic
8.4GHz VLBI observations of SN2004et in NGC6946

We report on 8.4GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of
the type II-P supernova SN2004et in the spiral galaxy NGC 6946, made on 20
February 2005 (151 days after explosion). The Very Large Array (VLA) flux
density was 1.23$\pm$0.07 mJy, corresponding to an isotropic luminosity at
8.4GHz of (4.45$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{25}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ and a brightness
temperature of (1.3$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{8}$ K. We also provide an improved
source position, accurate to about 0.5 mas in each coordinate. The VLBI image
shows a clear asymmetry. From model fitting of the size of the radio emission,
we estimate a minimum expansion velocity of 15,700$\pm$2,000 km s$^{-1}$. This
velocity is more than twice the expected mean expansion velocity estimated from
a synchrotron self-absorbed emission model, thus suggesting that synchrotron
self-absorption is not relevant for this supernova. With the benefit of an
optical spectrum obtained 12 days after explosion, we favor an emission model
which consists of two hot spots on an underlying expanding shell of width
comparable to that of SN 1993J.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A (22/05/07