pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Thermopower of the Correlated Narrow Gap Semiconductor FeSi and
  Comparison to RuSi

Iron based narrow gap semiconductors such as FeSi, FeSb2, or FeGa3 have
received a lot of attention because they exhibit a large thermopower, as well
as striking similarities to heavy fermion Kondo insulators. Many proposals have
been advanced, however, lacking quantitative methodologies applied to this
problem, a consensus remained elusive to date. Here, we employ realistic
many-body calculations to elucidate the impact of electronic correlation
effects on FeSi. Our methodology accounts for all substantial anomalies
observed in FeSi: the metallization, the lack of conservation of spectral
weight in optical spectroscopy, and the Curie susceptibility. In particular we
find a very good agreement for the anomalous thermoelectric power. Validated by
this congruence with experiment, we further discuss a new physical picture of
the microscopic nature of the insulator-to-metal crossover. Indeed, we find the
suppression of the Seebeck coefficient to be driven by correlation induced
incoherence. Finally, we compare FeSi to its iso-structural and iso-electronic
homologue RuSi, and predict that partially substituted Fe(1-x)Ru(x)Si will
exhibit an increased thermopower at intermediate temperatures.Comment: 14 pages. Proceedings of the Hvar 2011 Workshop on 'New materials for
  thermoelectric applications: theory and experiment
Evaluating socio-economic and environmental sustainability of the sheep farming activity in Greece: a whole-farm mathematical programming approach

Ruminant livestock farming is an important agricultural activity, mainly located in less favoured areas. Furthermore, ruminants have been identi fi ed as a signi fi cant source of GHG emissions. In this study, a whole-farm optimization model is used to assess the socio-economic and environmental performance of the dairy sheep farming activity in Greece. The analysis is undertaken in two sheep farms that represent the extensive and the semi-intensive farming systems. Gross margin and labour are regarded as socio-economic indicators and GHG emissions as environmental indicators. The issue of the marginal abatement cost is also addressed. The results indicate that the semi-intensive system yields a higher gross margin/ewe (179 €) than the extensive system (117 €) and requires less labour. The extensive system causes higher emissions/kg of milk than the semi-intensive system (5.45 and 2.99 kg of CO2 equivalents, respectively). In both production systems, abatement is achieved primarily via reduction of the fl ock size and switch to cash crops. However, the marginal abatement cost is much higher in the case of the semi-intensive farms, due to their high productivity
Does a Master Always Write for His Students? Some Evidence from Old Babylonian Scribal Schools

International audienceCuneiform mathematical texts from the Old Babylonian (period early second millennium BCE) are the result of the activities of scribal schools and, in this sense, emanate incontestably from a “teaching context”. Mathematical texts are generally considered as evidence of pedagogical activity, meaning they are assumed to have been written either by students or for students. My goal is to show the simplistic nature of such a narrow alternative. Three groups of texts are examined to show that an elementary school text was not always puerile; that a text written for teaching could at the same time serve other purposes and that a text written by a master did not always have an educative objective. The contrasting analysis of these three groups thus allows me to highlight the contextual diversity of both the production and the usage of the texts, all of which nevertheless deriving from scribal schools
Complex formation of cadmium with sugar residues, nucleobases, phosphates, nucleotides, and nucleic acids

Cadmium(II), commonly classified as a relatively soft metal ion, prefers indeed aromatic-nitrogen sites (e.g., N7 of purines) over oxygen sites (like sugar-hydroxyl groups). However, matters are not that simple, though it is true that the affinity of Cd(2+) towards ribose-hydroxyl groups is very small; yet, a correct orientation brought about by a suitable primary binding site and a reduced solvent polarity, as it is expected to occur in a folded nucleic acid, may facilitate metal ion-hydroxyl group binding very effectively. Cd(2+) prefers the guanine(N7) over the adenine(N7), mainly because of the steric hindrance of the (C6)NH(2) group in the adenine residue. This Cd(2+)-(N7) interaction in a guanine moiety leads to a significant acidification of the (N1)H meaning that the deprotonation reaction occurs now in the physiological pH range. N3 of the cytosine residue, together with the neighboring (C2)O, is also a remarkable Cd(2+) binding site, though replacement of (C2)O by (C2)S enhances the affinity towards Cd(2+) dramatically, giving in addition rise to the deprotonation of the (C4)NH(2) group. The phosphodiester bridge is only a weak binding site but the affinity increases further from the mono- to the di- and the triphosphate. The same also holds for the corresponding nucleotides. Complex stability of the pyrimidine-nucleotides is solely determined by the coordination tendency of the phosphate group(s), whereas in the case of purine-nucleotides macrochelate formation takes place by the interaction of the phosphate-coordinated Cd(2+) with N7. The extents of the formation degrees of these chelates are summarized and the effect of a non-bridging sulfur atom in a thiophosphate group (versus a normal phosphate group) is considered. Mixed ligand complexes containing a nucleotide and a further mono- or bidentate ligand are covered and it is concluded that in these species N7 is released from the coordination sphere of Cd(2+). In the case that the other ligand contains an aromatic residue (e.g., 2,2'-bipyridine or the indole ring of tryptophanate) intramolecular stack formation takes place. With buffers like Tris or Bistris mixed ligand complexes are formed. Cd(2+) coordination to dinucleotides and to dinucleoside monophosphates provides some insights regarding the interaction between Cd(2+) and nucleic acids. Cd(2+) binding to oligonucleotides follows the principles of coordination to its units. The available crystal studies reveal that N7 of purines is the prominent binding site followed by phosphate oxygens and other heteroatoms in nucleic acids. Due to its high thiophilicity, Cd(2+) is regularly used in so-called thiorescue experiments, which lead to the identification of a direct involvement of divalent metal ions in ribozyme catalysis
Lynn White Revisited: Religious and Cultural Backgrounds for Technological Development

Since the beginning of the awareness of the environmental crisis, studies have tried to trace back the historical and ideological roots of industrial evolution. Many of these studies indicated elements of the Judeo-Christian tradition as at least co-responsible. Some 40 years later, this chapter overviews some strands of the discussions these studies have provoked, especially concerning the alleged anthropocentrism of Judaism and Christianity, and their disenchanting attitude towards nature. These traditional ideas are confronted with insights from Marcel Gauchet’s philosophy of religion, with inputs from other religions, and with empirical data from recent surveys.status: publishe
Organisational narcissim: a case of failed corporate governance?

This book addresses the question: how can institutions develop and maintain a good purpose? And how can managers contribute to this endeavour? Twelve contributions explore this question, using MacIntyrean inquiry as a basis for exploring four main themes: Can management be considered a practice in the MacIntyrean sense? What is the role of specific virtues in the development of a virtuous institution? What are management vices and what are the conditions in which they flourish? And, can we use MacIntyrean ideas to consider the management of all forms of institutions? The volume is an international and multidisciplinary collection, with contributions from wellknown writers in the field of management ethics, and innovative contributions that use MacIntyrean inquiry as a lens to examine fields such as hospitality, user generated music content and social sustainability. The papers are unified by their concern for the achievement of organizational excellence and integrity through ethical management. Unlike single author texts this edited volume brings together multiple perspectives on the topic of virtue ethics in management. In doing so, it explores the topic both more deeply and more widely than a single author can do. Because of its breadth, this book has the potential to become a turn-to research tool for those interested in virtue theory’s relevance to other academic interests such as organizational behavior (including motivation theory and social psychology), literature, contemporary social issue criticism, and business management
A Perspective from philosophy and sociology of law: agreement and relational justice

Relationships between empirical and philosophical approaches to the law have not been always peaceful. Agreement seems the most natural way to build up and implementing regulations and justice within human-machine inter-faces (natural and artificial societies), and might help to bridge the gap between both theoretical approaches. Recent researches on relational law, relational jus-tice, crowdsourcing, regulatory systems and regulatory models are introduced. These concepts need further clarification, but they stand as political companions to more standard conceptions of law in the Semantic We
An Environment to Build and Track Agent-Based Business Collaboration

This chapter describes an environment to support the rapid assembly of agent-oriented business collaborations. Our environment allows: (i) setting up a collaboration environment as a virtual organization; (ii) reaching agreements within the collaboration environment to form short-term business collaborations; (iii) enacting business collaborations; and (iv) tracking the performance of agents within business collaborations to build their trust and reputation within the collaboration environment.Funded   by   Agreement   Technologies   (CONSOLIDER   CSD2007-0022),   EVE   (MICIN TIN2009-  14702-C02-01  and  02),  the  Secretarıa  de  Estado  de  Investigacion,  the  EU  FEDER unds,  the  Generalitat  de  Catalunya  (grant  2009-SGR-1434)  and  the  proyecto  intramural  CSIC 201050I008.Peer Reviewe
From Disks to Planets

This pedagogical chapter covers the theory of planet formation, with an
emphasis on the physical processes relevant to current research. After
summarizing empirical constraints from astronomical and geophysical data, we
describe the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks. We consider the
growth of planetesimals and of larger solid protoplanets, followed by the
accretion of planetary atmospheres, including the core accretion instability.
We also examine the possibility that gas disks fragment directly into giant
planets and/or brown dwarfs. We defer a detailed description of planet
migration and dynamical evolution to other work, such as the complementary
chapter in this series by Morbidelli (available at arXiv:1106.4114).Comment: 50 pages text plus 11 figures and table of symbols. To be published
  in "Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems", P. Kalas and L. French (eds.).
  Comments and suggestions for future revisions welcom
Dusty Planetary Systems

Extensive photometric stellar surveys show that many main sequence stars show
emission at infrared and longer wavelengths that is in excess of the stellar
photosphere; this emission is thought to arise from circumstellar dust. The
presence of dust disks is confirmed by spatially resolved imaging at infrared
to millimeter wavelengths (tracing the dust thermal emission), and at optical
to near infrared wavelengths (tracing the dust scattered light). Because the
expected lifetime of these dust particles is much shorter than the age of the
stars (>10 Myr), it is inferred that this solid material not primordial, i.e.
the remaining from the placental cloud of gas and dust where the star was born,
but instead is replenished by dust-producing planetesimals. These planetesimals
are analogous to the asteroids, comets and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) in our
Solar system that produce the interplanetary dust that gives rise to the
zodiacal light (tracing the inner component of the Solar system debris disk).
The presence of these "debris disks" around stars with a wide range of masses,
luminosities, and metallicities, with and without binary companions, is
evidence that planetesimal formation is a robust process that can take place
under a wide range of conditions. This chapter is divided in two parts. Part I
discusses how the study of the Solar system debris disk and the study of debris
disks around other stars can help us learn about the formation, evolution and
diversity of planetary systems by shedding light on the frequency and timing of
planetesimal formation, the location and physical properties of the
planetesimals, the presence of long-period planets, and the dynamical and
collisional evolution of the system. Part II reviews the physical processes
that affect dust particles in the gas-free environment of a debris disk and
their effect on the dust particle size and spatial distribution.Comment: 68 pages, 25 figures. To be published in "Solar and Planetary
  Systems" (P. Kalas and L. French, Eds.), Volume 3 of the series "Planets,
  Stars and Stellar Systems" (T.D. Oswalt, Editor-in-chief), Springer 201
Large Scale Structure of the Universe

Galaxies are not uniformly distributed in space. On large scales the Universe
displays coherent structure, with galaxies residing in groups and clusters on
scales of ~1-3 Mpc/h, which lie at the intersections of long filaments of
galaxies that are >10 Mpc/h in length. Vast regions of relatively empty space,
known as voids, contain very few galaxies and span the volume in between these
structures. This observed large scale structure depends both on cosmological
parameters and on the formation and evolution of galaxies. Using the two-point
correlation function, one can trace the dependence of large scale structure on
galaxy properties such as luminosity, color, stellar mass, and track its
evolution with redshift. Comparison of the observed galaxy clustering
signatures with dark matter simulations allows one to model and understand the
clustering of galaxies and their formation and evolution within their parent
dark matter halos. Clustering measurements can determine the parent dark matter
halo mass of a given galaxy population, connect observed galaxy populations at
different epochs, and constrain cosmological parameters and galaxy evolution
models. This chapter describes the methods used to measure the two-point
correlation function in both redshift and real space, presents the current
results of how the clustering amplitude depends on various galaxy properties,
and discusses quantitative measurements of the structures of voids and
filaments. The interpretation of these results with current theoretical models
is also presented.Comment: Invited contribution to be published in Vol. 8 of book "Planets,
  Stars, and Stellar Systems", Springer, series editor T. D. Oswalt, volume
  editor W. C. Keel, v2 includes additional references, updated to match
  published versio
Dynamics of Disks and Warps

This chapter reviews theoretical work on the stellar dynamics of galaxy
disks. All the known collective global instabilities are identified, and their
mechanisms described in terms of local wave mechanics. A detailed discussion of
warps and other bending waves is also given. The structure of bars in galaxies,
and their effect on galaxy evolution, is now reasonably well understood, but
there is still no convincing explanation for their origin and frequency. Spiral
patterns have long presented a special challenge, and ideas and recent
developments are reviewed. Other topics include scattering of disk stars and
the survival of thin disks.Comment: Chapter accepted to appear in Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, vol
  5, ed G. Gilmore. 32 pages, 17 figures. Includes minor corrections made in
  proofs. Uses emulateapj.st
The Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy

The mass distribution in the Galaxy is determined by dynamical and
photometric methods. Rotation curves are the major tool for determining the
dynamical mass distribution in the Milky Way and spiral galaxies. The
photometric (statistical) method utilizes luminosity profiles from optical and
infrared observations, and assumes empirical values of the mass-to-luminosity
(M/L) ratio to convert the luminosity to mass. In this chapter the dynamical
method is described in detail, and rotation curves and mass distribution in the
Milky Way and nearby spiral galaxies are presented. The dynamical method is
categorized into two methods: the decomposition method and direct method. The
former fits the rotation curve by calculated curve assuming several mass
components such as a bulge, disk and halo, and adjust the dynamical parameters
of each component. Explanations are given of the mass profiles as the de
Vaucouleurs law, exponential disk, and dark halo profiles inferred from
numerical simulations. Another method is the direct method, with which the mass
distribution can be directly calculated from the data of rotation velocities
without employing any mass models. Some results from both methods are
presented, and the Galactic structure is discussed in terms of the mass.
Rotation curves and mass distributions in external galaxies are also discussed,
and the fundamental mass structures are shown to be universal.Comment: 54 pages, 25 figures, in 'Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems',
  Springer, Vol. 5, ed. G. Gilmore, Chap. 19. Note: Preprint with full figures
  is available from http://www.ioa.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~sofue/htdocs/2013psss
Astronomical Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is one of the most important tools that an astronomer has for
studying the universe. This chapter begins by discussing the basics, including
the different types of optical spectrographs, with extension to the ultraviolet
and the near-infrared. Emphasis is given to the fundamentals of how
spectrographs are used, and the trade-offs involved in designing an
observational experiment. It then covers observing and reduction techniques,
noting that some of the standard practices of flat-fielding often actually
degrade the quality of the data rather than improve it. Although the focus is
on point sources, spatially resolved spectroscopy of extended sources is also
briefly discussed. Discussion of differential extinction, the impact of
crowding, multi-object techniques, optimal extractions, flat-fielding
considerations, and determining radial velocities and velocity dispersions
provide the spectroscopist with the fundamentals needed to obtain the best
data. Finally the chapter combines the previous material by providing some
examples of real-life observing experiences with several typical instruments.Comment: An abridged version of a chapter to appear in Planets, Stars and
  Stellar Systems, to be published in 2011 by Springer. Slightly revise
CMB Telescopes and Optical Systems

The cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is now firmly established as
a fundamental and essential probe of the geometry, constituents, and birth of
the Universe. The CMB is a potent observable because it can be measured with
precision and accuracy. Just as importantly, theoretical models of the Universe
can predict the characteristics of the CMB to high accuracy, and those
predictions can be directly compared to observations. There are multiple
aspects associated with making a precise measurement. In this review, we focus
on optical components for the instrumentation used to measure the CMB
polarization and temperature anisotropy. We begin with an overview of general
considerations for CMB observations and discuss common concepts used in the
community. We next consider a variety of alternatives available for a designer
of a CMB telescope. Our discussion is guided by the ground and balloon-based
instruments that have been implemented over the years. In the same vein, we
compare the arc-minute resolution Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and the
South Pole Telescope (SPT). CMB interferometers are presented briefly. We
conclude with a comparison of the four CMB satellites, Relikt, COBE, WMAP, and
Planck, to demonstrate a remarkable evolution in design, sensitivity,
resolution, and complexity over the past thirty years.Comment: To appear in: Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems (PSSS), Volume 1:
  Telescopes and Instrumentatio
Assesment of agricultural practices on volcanic ash soils assisted by automated interpretation of mid-infrared spectra and partial least squares multivariate statistical approach

4 pages, 2 references.-- Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment presents contributions from the 16th Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS 16) held in Hangzhou, China on September 9-14, 2012.Attempt for automated interpretation of mid-infrared (MIR) spectral profiles of humic acids (HAs) from volcanic ash soils was carried out with the aid of plots displaying the valuable importance for projection (VIP) scores computed by partial least squares (PLS) regression. A set of about 200 dependent variables from whole soils and HAs was examined in 30 uncultivated and agricultural soils with the PLS-VIP method in order extract objective information about the extent to which the MIR intensities may be useful to forecast quantitative and qualitative agroecological and biogeochemical factors, as well as to ascribe individual bands to structural or functional HA variables which were determined by independent multianalytical approaches.Peer Reviewe
Characterization of humic fractions in leachates from soil under organic and conventional management and their interactions with the root zone

Humic fractions were shown to be closely involved in gene expression\ud
and promotion of different PM H+-ATPase isoforms, as well as in lateral root\ud
development, indicating an enhanced nutrient absorption capacity of the plant\ud
root system. HPLC-SEC confirmed that water-soluble humic substances (WSHS)\ud
correspond to a subfraction of the fulvic fraction of humic substances. This was\ud
supported by E465/E665 ratios higher than 8.5. These ratios generally increased over\ud
the growing season in cultivated soils but showed significant differences between\ud
conventionally and organically managed bare soils. FTIR data and the analytical\ud
quantification of carboxyls confirmed relevant structural changes in bare soil under\ud
both organic and conventional farming management. Absorption intensities ratios\ud
at 1,590–1,570 cm-1 and 1,440–1,380 cm-1 showed the predominant aliphatic\ud
character of these molecules
Lessons Learned from the Recent Natural Disasters in Indonesia

Indonesia was at risk from this earthquake because the region was in the megathrust region. Two deadly earthquakes struck the region early and late in September 2009. A 7.3-Mw magnitude earthquake struck the Tasikmalaya District, West Java Province, at a depth of 30 km on September 2, 2009. Additionally, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake hit Padang on September 30, 2009, the epicenter of which was about 60 km northwest of Padang at a depth greater than 120 km. Massive geotechnical hazards were reported in those quakes. The bursting of the Situ Gintung dam on March 27, 2009 washed away housing and the settlement downstream of the dam. Some lessons can be learned from those disasters. This chapter aims to review the disasters’ geotechnical aspects. The recent disasters in Indonesia pointed out poor preparedness in disaster management. Households, governments, and schools have to enhance their awareness and understanding of collateral hazards. An integrated disaster early warning system (EWS) must be improved for high-risk regions to reduce damage and loss