pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Three-body interactions in complex fluids:virial coefficients from simulation finite-size effects

A simulation technique is described for quantifying the contribution of three-body interactions to the thermodynamical properties of coarse-grained representations of complex fluids. The method is based on a new approach for determining virial coefficients from the measured volume-dependent asymptote of a certain structural function. By comparing the third virial coefficient B for a complex fluid with that of an approximate coarse-grained model described by a pair potential, three body effects can be quantified. The strategy is applicable to both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Its utility is illustrated via measurements of three-body effects in models of star polymers and in highly size-asymmetrical colloid-polymer mixtures
Contrasting Pattern of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Primary and Autoimmune Sclerosing Cholangitis.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pagePrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (AISC) are related, but distinct chronic liver diseases. PSC is associated with a high prevalence of ulcerative colitis while the intestinal inflammation associated with AISC is less well characterised.To assess and contrast aspects of intestinal inflammation in patients with AISC and PSC and compare the clinical features with those of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.23 and 22 patients with AISC and PSC, respectively, underwent review of colonoscopy and biopsy findings, capsule enteroscopy and assessment of clinical and inflammatory (faecal calprotectin) disease activity, which was compared with that of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (n = 55 each).Five and 6 patients with AISC and PSC, respectively, had normal colonoscopy and faecal calprotectin levels of 34.4 ± 8.3 and 39.7 ± 8.4 μg/g, respectively (normal < 50 μg/g), whereas 18 and 16, respectively, had identical variably severe, right sided colitis with frequent rectal sparing, consistent with ulcerative colitis. Mean (± SD) faecal calprotectin levels did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) between patients with intestinal inflammation in AISC (588 ± 549 μg/g), PSC (421 ± 351 μg/g), ulcerative colitis (501 ± 656 μg/g) or Crohn's disease (476 ± 571 μg/g). Capsule enteroscopy showed that 7 of 18 (39%) (p < 0.03) of those with AISC had small bowel mucosal breaks whereas no patient with PSC had these findings.Collectively these findings lend support to the suggestion that the chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with PSC and in particular AISC may represent a distinct nosologic entity different from classic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
Evaluation of centralised and autonomous routing strategies in major incident response.

Fast and efficient routing of emergency responders during the response to mass casualty incidents is a critical element of success. However, the predictability of the associated travel times can also have a significant effect on performance during the response operation. This is particularly the case when a decision support model is employed to assist in the allocation of resources and scheduling of operations, as such models typically rely on an ability to make accurate forecasts when evaluating candidate solutions. In this paper we explore how both routing efficiency and uncertainty in travel time prediction are affected by the routing strategy employed. A simulation study is presented, with results indicating that a routing strategy which allows responders to select routes autonomously, as opposed to being instructed via a central decision support program, leads to improvement in overall performance despite the associated increase in uncertainty in travel time prediction
A manufacturing perspective on graphene dispersions.

Harnessing the exceptional physical properties of graphene often requires its dispersion into aqueous or organic media. Dispersion must be achieved at a concentration and stability appropriate to the final application. However, the strong interaction between graphene sheets means it disperses poorly in all but a few high boiling organic solvents. This review presents an overview of graphene dispersion applications and a discussion of dispersion strategies: in particular the effect of shear, solvent and chemical modification on the dispersion of graphene (including graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide). These techniques are discussed in the context of manufacturing and commercialisation
$K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$ as a companion pole of $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$

We study the light scalar sector up to $1.8$ GeV by using a quantum field
theoretical approach which includes a single kaonic state in a Lagrangian with
both derivative and non-derivative interactions. By performing a fit to $\pi K$
phase shift data in the $I=1/2,$ $J=0$ channel, we show that
$K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$ (or $\kappa$) emerges as a dynamically generated companion
pole of $K_{0}^{\ast }(1430)$. This is a result of investigating quantum
fluctuations with one kaon and one pion circulating in the loops dressing
$K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$. We determine the position of the poles on the complex
plane in the context of our approach: for $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$ we get
$(1.413\pm0.002)-i{0.02cm}(0.127\pm0.003)$ (in GeV), while for $\kappa$ we get
$(0.746\pm0.019)-i{0.02cm}(0.262\pm0.014)$ (in GeV). The model-dependence of
these results and related uncertainties are discussed in the paper. A
large-$N_{c}$ study confirms that $K_{0}^{\ast}(1430)$ is predominantly a
quarkonium and that $K_{0}^{\ast}(800)$ is a molecular-like dynamically
generated state.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Nuclear diplomacy as niche diplomacy: South Africa's post-apartheid relations with the International Atomic Energy Agency

Since the termination of its nuclear weapons programme, commenced in 1989 and
verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) in 1993, successive
South African governments have consistently advocated the country’s commitment
to nuclear non-proliferation. South Africa has secured a niche role through
norm construction and state identity for itself through its nuclear diplomacy with
the IAEA. The article explores aspects of South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy with
the IAEA as an example of niche diplomacy. Therefore, it traces South Africa’s
diplomatic relations with the IAEA, starting with the IAEA’s verification process
and the implementation of a Safeguards Agreement (1989 1994) through the
conversion of South Africa’s research nuclear reactor (1991 2005); South Africa’s
position on greater representation for developing countries on the IAEA’s Board
of Governors; its ambition to be elected to the position of IAEA Director
General (2008 2009); and its refusal to support the establishment of a nuclear
fuel bank in Russia under the IAEA’s auspices (2009 2010).Political Science
A close look into the carbon disk at the core of the planetary nebula CPD-568032

We present high spatial resolution observations of the dusty core of the Planetary Nebula with Wolf-Rayet central star CPD-568032. These observations were taken with the mid-infrared interferometer VLTI/MIDI in imaging mode providing a typical 300 mas resolution and in interferometric mode using UT2-UT3 47m baseline providing a typical spatial resolution of 20 mas. The visible HST images exhibit a complex multilobal geometry dominated by faint lobes. The farthest structures are located at 7" from the star. The mid-IR environment of CPD-568032 is dominated by a compact source, barely resolved by a single UT telescope in a 8.7 micron filter. The infrared core is almost fully resolved with the three 40-45m projected baselines ranging from -5 to 51 degree but smooth oscillating fringes at low level have been detected in spectrally dispersed visibilities. This clear signal is interpreted in terms of a ring structure which would define the bright inner rim of the equatorial disk. Geometric models allowed us to derive the main geometrical parameters of the disk. For instance, a reasonably good fit is reached with an achromatic and elliptical truncated Gaussian with a radius of 97+/-11 AU, an inclination of 28+/-7 degree and a PA for the major axis at 345+/-7 degree. Furthermore, we performed some radiative transfer modeling aimed at further constraining the geometry and mass content of the disk, by taking into account the MIDI dispersed visibilities, spectra, and the large aperture SED of the source. These models show that the disk is mostly optically thin in the N band and highly flared
Can We Consider the 1951 Caviaga (Northern Italy) Earthquakes as Noninduced Events?

On the night between May 15 and 16, 1951, two moderate earthquakes with estimated magnitudes of M 5.4 and 4.5 occurred in northern Italy, about 40 km southeast of Milan, close to the small town of Caviaga. They were recorded by several observatories worldwide, as reported by the International Seismological Summary (ISS) Bulletin. Despite the moderate magnitudes, these two events caught the attention of seismologists and have been studied in detail, in particular by Caloi et al. (1956), because they were close to Caviaga, in an area that was assumed to be aseismic. Moreover, their shallow hypocenters (ca. 5 km in Caloi et al., 1956) indicated a possible anthropogenic source, related to wells for gas withdrawal. In the absence of any further discussion or revision of the original study by Caloi et al. (1956), the Caviaga earthquakes have been included in several compilations of induced seismicity, and they have been generally accepted as cases of anthropogenic events. After 60 years it is possible to revisit this interpretation using improved computational techniques, the available high-resolution data, enriched historical catalogs, and a deeper understanding of the regional seismotectonic and crustal structure. 
The focus of this study is the relocation of these two events with the use of modern hypocentral location methods, and the analysis of the historical seismicity of the area. A complete seismic source parameterization is out of the scope of this preliminary study. In the following we describe the regional geological setting and the gas reservoir characterization, introduce the context of historical seismicity, provide a description of the main shock relocation, discuss the uncertainties of the hypocentral parameters and estimate the variation of the stress field in proximity to wells. We consider this revision necessary to be able to discuss the possibility that these two events were not induced by human activity, as well as to improve the quality of the dataset for decision makers involved in risk evaluation
Energy deprivation transiently enhances rhythmic inhibitory events in the CA3 hippocampal network in vitro.

CE. GEE and P. Benquet : These authors contributed equally to this study.International audienceOxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) leads to rapid suppression of synaptic transmission. Here we describe an emergence of rhythmic activity at 8 to 20 Hz in the CA3 subfield of hippocampal slice cultures occurring for a few minutes prior to the OGD-induced cessation of evoked responses. These oscillations, dominated by inhibitory events, represent network activity, as they were abolished by tetrodotoxin. They were also completely blocked by the GABAergic antagonist picrotoxin, and strongly reduced by the glutamatergic antagonist NBQX. Applying CPP to block NMDA receptors had no effect and neither did UBP302, an antagonist of GluK1-containing kainate receptors. The gap junction blocker mefloquine disrupted rhythmicity. Simultaneous whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from neighboring or distant CA3 pyramidal cells revealed strong cross-correlation of the incoming rhythmic activity. Interneurons in the CA3 area received similar correlated activity. Interestingly, oscillations were much less frequently observed in the CA1 area. These data, together with the observation that the recorded activity consists primarily of inhibitory events, suggest that CA3 interneurons are important for generating these oscillations. This transient increase in inhibitory network activity during OGD may represent a mechanism contributing to the lower vulnerability to ischemic insults of the CA3 area as compared to the CA1 area
UNIFYING PRACTICAL UNCERTAINTY REPRESENTATIONS: I. GENERALIZED P-BOXES

Pre-print of final version.International audienceThere exist several simple representations of uncertainty that are easier to handle than more general ones. Among them are random sets, possibility distributions, probability intervals, and more recently Ferson's p-boxes and Neumaier's clouds. Both for theoretical and practical considerations, it is very useful to know whether one representation is equivalent to or can be approximated by other ones. In this paper, we define a generalized form of usual p-boxes. These generalized p-boxes have interesting connections with other previously known representations. In particular, we show that they are equivalent to pairs of possibility distributions, and that they are special kinds of random sets. They are also the missing link between p-boxes and clouds, which are the topic of the second part of this study
Order α′ heterotic domain walls with warped nearly Kähler geometry

We consider (1+3)-dimensional domain wall solutions of heterotic supergravity on a six-dimensional warped nearly Kähler manifold X 6 in the presence of gravitational and gauge instantons of tanh-kink type as constructed in [1]. We include first order α′ corrections to the heterotic supergravity action, which imply a non-trivial Yang-Mills sector and Bianchi identity. We present a variety of solutions, depending on the choice of instantons, for the special case in which the SU(3) structure on X 6 satisfies W1¯¯¯=0. The solutions preserve two real supercharges, which corresponds to N=1/2 supersymmetry from the four-dimensional point of view. Besides serving as a useful framework for collecting existing solutions, the formulation in terms of dynamic SU(3) structures utilized here allows us to obtain new solutions in as yet unexplored corners of the instanton configuration space. Our approach thus offers a unified description of the embedding of tanh-kink-type instantons into half-BPS solutions of heterotic supergravity where the internal six-dimensional manifold has a warped nearly Kähler geometry
THE JUNE 2008 FLARE OF MARKARIAN 421 FROM OPTICAL TO TeV ENERGIES

We present optical, X-ray, high-energy ((sic) 30 GeV) and very high energy ((sic) 100 GeV; VHE) observations of the high-frequency peaked blazar Mrk 421 taken between 2008 May 24 and June 23. A high-energy gamma-ray signal was detected by AGILE with root TS = 4.5 between June 9 and 15, with F(E > 100 MeV) = 42(-12)(+14) x 10(-8) photons cm(-2) s(-1). This flaring state is brighter than the average flux observed by EGRET by a factor of similar to 3, but still consistent with the highest EGRET flux. In hard X-rays (20-60 keV) SuperAGILE resolved a five-day flare (June 9-15) peaking at similar to 55 mCrab. SuperAGILE, RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT data show a correlated flaring structure between soft and hard X-rays. Hints of the same flaring behavior are also detected in the simultaneous optical data provided by the GASP-WEBT. A Swift/XRT observation near the flaring maximum revealed the highest 2-10 keV flux ever observed from this source, of 2.6 x 10(-9) erg cm(-2) s(-1) (i.e. > 100 mCrab). A peak synchrotron energy of similar to 3 keV was derived, higher than typical values of similar to 0.5-1 keV. VHE observations with MAGIC and VERITAS between June 6 and 8 showed the flux peaking in a bright state, well correlated with the X-rays. This extraordinary set of simultaneous data, covering a 12-decade spectral range, allowed for a deep analysis of the spectral energy distribution as well as of correlated light curves. The gamma-ray flare can be interpreted within the framework of the synchrotron self-Compton model in terms of a rapid acceleration of leptons in the jet
Spectral and morphological analysis of the remnant of Supernova 1987A with ALMA and ATCA

We present a comprehensive spectral and morphological analysis of the remnant of supernova (SN) 1987A with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The non-thermal and thermal components of the radio emission are investigated in images from 94 to 672 GHz (lambda 3.2 mm to 450 mu m), with the assistance of a high-resolution 44 GHz synchrotron template from the ATCA, and a dust template from ALMA observations at 672 GHz. An analysis of the emission distribution over the equatorial ring in images from 44 to 345 GHz highlights a gradual decrease of the east-to-west asymmetry ratio with frequency. We attribute this to the shorter synchrotron lifetime at high frequencies. Across the transition from radio to far infrared, both the synchrotron/dust-subtracted images and the spectral energy distribution (SED) suggest additional emission beside the main synchrotron component (S-nu proportional to nu(-0.73)) and the thermal component originating from dust grains at T similar to 22 K. This excess could be due to free-free flux or emission from grains of colder dust. However, a second flat-spectrum synchrotron component appears to better fit the SED, implying that the emission could be attributed to a pulsar wind nebula (PWN). The residual emission is mainly localized west of the SN site, as the spectral analysis yields -0.4 less than or similar to alpha less than or similar to -0.1 across the western regions, with alpha similar to 0 around the central region. If there is a PWN in the remnant interior, these data suggest that the pulsar may be offset westward from the SN position
Minimal unsatisfiable formulas with bounded clause-variable difference are fixed-parameter tractable.

Recognition of minimal unsatisfiable CNF formulas (unsatisfiable CNF formulas which become satisfiable if any clause is removed) is a classical DP-complete problem. It was shown recently that minimal unsatisfiable formulas with n variables and n+k clauses can be recognized in time . We improve this result and present an algorithm with time complexity ; hence the problem turns out to be fixed-parameter tractable (FTP) in the sense of Downey and Fellows (Parameterized Complexity, 1999).\ud
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Our algorithm gives rise to a fixed-parameter tractable parameterization of the satisfiability problem: If for a given set of clauses F, the number of clauses in each of its subsets exceeds the number of variables occurring in the subset at most by k, then we can decide in time  whether F is satisfiable; k is called the maximum deficiency of F and can be efficiently computed by means of graph matching algorithms. Known parameters for fixed-parameter tractable satisfiability decision are tree-width or related to tree-width. Tree-width and maximum deficiency are incomparable in the sense that we can find formulas with constant maximum deficiency and arbitrarily high tree-width, and formulas where the converse prevails
Quenched and first unquenched lattice HQET determination of the B-s-meson width difference

We present recent results for the prediction of the B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) lifetime difference from lattice Heavy Quark Effective Theory simulations. In order to get a next-to-leading order result we have calculated the matching between QCD and HQET and the two-loop anomalous dimensions in the HQET for all the DeltaB=2 operators, in particular for the operators which enter the width difference. We present results from quenched and, for the first time, from unquenched simulations. We obtain for the B-s(0)-(B) over bar (0)(s) lifetime difference, Delta Gamma (Bs)/Gamma ((que.))(Bs) = (5.1 +/- 1.9 +/- 1.7) x 10(-2) and Delta Gamma (Bs)/Gamma ((unq))(Bs) = (4.3 +/- 2.0 +/- 1.9) x 10(-2) from the quenched and unquenched simulations respectively
Unification of gauge couplings and the tau-neutrino mass in supergravity without R parity

Minimal R-parity violating supergravity predicts a value for alphas(MZ) smaller than in the case with conserved R-parity, and therefore closer to the experimental world average. We show that the R-parity violating effect on the alphas prediction comes from the larger two-loop b-quark Yukawa contribution to the renormalization group evolution of the gauge couplings which characterizes R-parity violating supergravity. The effect is correlated to the tau neutrino mass and is sensitive to the initial conditions on the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters at the unification scale. We show how a few percent effect on alphas(MZ) may naturally occur even with tau neutrino masses as small as indicated by the simplest neutrino oscillation interpretation of the atmospheric neutrino data from Super-Kamiokande
Gauss Legendre-Gauss Jacobi quadrature rules over a tetrahedral region

This paper presents a Gaussian Quadrature method for the evaluation of the triple integral View the MathML source, where f(x,y,z) is an analytic function in x, y, z and T   refers to the standard tetrahedral region: {(x,y,z)|0⩽x,y,z⩽1,x+y+z⩽1} in three space (x,y,z). Mathematical transformation from (x,y,z) space to (U,V,W) space map the standard tetrahedron T   in (x,y,z) space to a standard 1-cube: {(U,V,W)/0⩽U,V,W⩽1} in (U,V,W) space. Then we use the product of Gauss Legendre and Gauss Jacobi weight coefficients and abscissas to arrive at an efficient quadrature rule over the standard tetrahedral region T. We have then demonstrated the application of the derived quadrature rules by considering the evaluation of some typical triple integrals over the region T
Neonatal exposure to 17β-estradiol down-regulates the expression of synaptogenesis related genes in selected brain regions of adult female rats

Aims\ud
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Administration of estradiol or compounds with estrogenic activity to newborn female rats results in irreversible masculinization as well as defeminization in the brain and the animals exhibit altered reproductive behavior as adults. The cellular and molecular mechanism involved in inducing the irreversible changes is largely unknown. In the present study, we have monitored the changes in the expression of selected synaptogenesis related genes in the sexually dimorphic brain regions such as POA, hypothalamus and pituitary following 17β-estradiol administration to neonatal female rats.\ud
Main methods\ud
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Female Wistar rats which were administered 17β-estradiol on day 2 and 3 after birth were sacrificed 120 days later and the expression levels of genes implicated in synaptogenesis were monitored by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Since estradiol induced up-regulation of COX-2 in POA is a marker for estradiol induced masculinization as well as defeminization, in the present study only animals in which the increase in expression of COX-2 gene was observed in POA were included in the study.\ud
Key findings\ud
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Down-regulation of genes such as NMDA-2B, NETRIN-1, BDNF, MT-5 MMP and TNF-α was observed in the pre-optic area of neonatally E2 treated female rat brain but not in hypothalamus and pituitary compared to the vehicle- treated controls as assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.\ud
Significance\ud
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Our results suggest a possibility that down-regulation of genes associated with synaptogenesis in POA, may be resulting in disruption of the cyclical regulation of hormone secretion by pituitary the consequence of which could be infertility and altered reproductive behavior