pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of an in-plane SU-8 cantilever with integrated strain gauge for wall shear stress measurements in fluid flows

AbstractWe present a cantilever fabricated from the polymer SU-8 for the measurement of wall shear stress in fluid flows. The pressureinduced deflection of the cantilever, measured using an calibrated and integrated nichrome strain gauge, can be related to the wall shear stress on the surface. The initial degree of curvature of the cantilever can be controlled via the exposure dose, which allows a small positive deflection to be achieved, and so minimises the intrusion into the flow. Wind tunnel testing results show a sensitivity greater than 2.5 mV/Pa, with a shear stress of 0.38 Pa and excitation of 1V
Mechanism for the f0(980) production in the reaction π−p→π0π0n

AbstractThe model of the pure one-pion exchange mechanism, which gives a good description of the GAMS results on the alteration of the S-wave π0π0 mass spectrum in the f0(980) region in the reaction π−p→π0π0n with increasing −t, is compared with the recent detailed data on the m and t distributions of the π−p→π0π0n events obtained by the BNL-E852 Collaboration. It is shown that the predictions of this model are not confirmed by the BNL data. Therefore, the observed phenomenon should be explained by some different exchange mechanism
Search for new physics in the dijet mass distribution using 1 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector

AbstractInvariant mass distributions of jet pairs (dijets) produced in LHC proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s=7 TeV have been studied using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 recorded in 2011 by ATLAS. Dijet masses up to ∼4 TeV are observed in the data, and no evidence of resonance production over background is found. Limits are set at 95% C.L. for several new physics hypotheses: excited quarks are excluded for masses below 299 TeV, axigluons are excluded for masses below 3.32 TeV, and colour octet scalar resonances are excluded for masses below 1.92 TeV
Vacuum Insertion Approximation and the ΔI=1/2 rule: A lattice QCD test of the naïve factorization hypothesis for K, D, B and static mesons

AbstractMotivated by a recent paper by the RBC–UKQCD Collaboration, which observes large violations of the naïve factorization hypothesis in K→ππ decays, we study in this paper the accuracy of the Vacuum Insertion Approximation (VIA) for the matrix elements of the complete basis of four-fermion ΔF=2 operators. We perform a comparison between the matrix elements in QCD, evaluated on the lattice, and the VIA predictions. We also investigate the dependence on the external meson masses by computing matrix elements for K, Ds, Bs and static mesons. In commonly used renormalization schemes, we find large violations of the VIA in particular for one of the two relevant Wick contractions in the kaon sector. These deviations, however, decrease significantly as the meson mass increases and the VIA predictions turn out to be rather well verified for B-meson matrix elements and, even better, in the infinite mass limit
On the classification of all self-dual additive codes over GF(4) of length up to 12

AbstractWe consider additive codes over GF(4) that are self-dual with respect to the Hermitian trace inner product. Such codes have a well-known interpretation as quantum codes and correspond to isotropic systems. It has also been shown that these codes can be represented as graphs, and that two codes are equivalent if and only if the corresponding graphs are equivalent with respect to local complementation and graph isomorphism. We use these facts to classify all codes of length up to 12, where previously only all codes of length up to 9 were known. We also classify all extremal Type II codes of length 14. Finally, we find that the smallest Type I and Type II codes with trivial automorphism group have length 9 and 12, respectively
Look but don't touch: Visual cues to surface structure drive somatosensory cortex

AbstractWhen planning interactions with nearby objects, our brain uses visual information to estimate shape, material composition, and surface structure before we come into contact with them. Here we analyse brain activations elicited by different types of visual appearance, measuring fMRI responses to objects that are glossy, matte, rough, or textured. In addition to activation in visual areas, we found that fMRI responses are evoked in the secondary somatosensory area (S2) when looking at glossy and rough surfaces. This activity could be reliably discriminated on the basis of tactile-related visual properties (gloss, rough, and matte), but importantly, other visual properties (i.e., coloured texture) did not substantially change fMRI activity. The activity could not be solely due to tactile imagination, as asking explicitly to imagine such surface properties did not lead to the same results. These findings suggest that visual cues to an object's surface properties evoke activity in neural circuits associated with tactile stimulation. This activation may reflect the a-priori probability of the physics of the interaction (i.e., the expectation of upcoming friction) that can be used to plan finger placement and grasp force
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor c-Met Instructs T Cell Cardiotropism and Promotes T Cell Migration to the Heart via Autocrine Chemokine Release

SummaryEffector-T-cell-mediated immunity depends on the efficient localization of antigen-primed lymphocytes to antigen-rich non-lymphoid tissue, which is facilitated by the expression of a unique set of “homing” receptors acquired by memory T cells. We report that engagement of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met by heart-produced HGF during priming in the lymph nodes instructs T cell cardiotropism, which was associated with a specialized homing “signature” (c-Met+CCR4+CXCR3+). c-Met signals facilitated T cell recruitment to the heart via the chemokine receptor CCR5 by inducing autocrine CCR5 ligand release. c-Met triggering was sufficient to support cardiotropic T cell recirculation, while CCR4 and CXCR3 sustained recruitment during heart inflammation. Transient pharmacological blockade of c-Met during T cell priming led to enhanced survival of heart, but not skin, allografts associated with impaired localization of alloreactive T cells to heart grafts. These findings suggest c-Met as a target for development of organ-selective immunosuppressive therapies
Preconcentration Modeling for the Optimization of a Micro Gas Preconcentrator Applied to Environmental Monitoring.

AbstractThis paper presents the complete modeling of the preconcentration cycle for the optimization of a Micro Gas Preconcentrator applied to atmospheric pollution monitoring. The particularity of this modeling is based on the fact that it includes all equations governing not only the adsorption and desorption phenomena but also the detection phase. Two different approaches based on kinetic equations were used to illustrate the behavior of the Micro Gas Preconcentrator for given experimental conditions. The need of a high adsorption flow and heating rate, a low desorption flow and detection volume is demonstrated through this paper
Higgs boson mass and electroweak–gravity hierarchy from dynamical gauge–Higgs unification in the warped spacetime

AbstractDynamical electroweak symmetry breaking by the Hosotani mechanism in the Randall–Sundrum warped spacetime is examined, relations among the W-boson mass (mW), the Kaluza–Klein mass scale (MKK), and the Higgs boson mass (mH) being derived. It is shown that MKK/mW∼(2πkR)1/2(π/θW) and mH/mW∼0.058kR(π/θW), where k2, R, and θW are the curvature and size of the extra-dimensional space and the Wilson line phase determined dynamically. For typical values kR=12 and θW=(0.2–0.4)π, one finds that MKK=1.7–3.5 TeV, k=(1.3–2.6)×1019 GeV, and mH=140–280 GeV
Higgs Boson Plus Dijets: Higher Order Corrections

The gluon fusion component of Higgs-boson production in association with
dijets is of particular interest because it both (a) allows for a study of the
CP-structure of the Higgs-boson couplings to gluons, and (b) provides a
background to the otherwise clean study of Higgs-boson production through
vector-boson fusion. The degree to which this background can be controlled, and
the CP-structure of the gluon-Higgs coupling extracted, both depend on the
successful description of the perturbative corrections to the gluon-fusion
process.
  High Energy Jets (HEJ) provides all-order, perturbative predictions for
multi-jet processes at hadron colliders at a fully exclusive, partonic level.
We develop the framework of HEJ to include the process of Higgs-boson
production in association with at least two jets. We discuss the logarithmic
accuracy obtained in the underlying all-order results, and calculate the first
next-to-leading corrections to the framework of HEJ, thereby significantly
reducing the corrections which arise by matching to and merging fixed-order
results.
  Finally, we compare predictions for relevant observables obtained with NLO
and HEJ. We observe that the selection criteria commonly used for isolating the
vector-boson fusion component suppresses the gluon-fusion component even
further than predicted at NLO.Comment: 45 pages, 21 figures; v2: updated reference; v3: discussion in
  section 3 restructured and expanded, plots corrected, matches journal versio
Development of an optical system for the non-invasive tracking of stem cell growth on microcarriers

The emergence of medicinal indications for stem cell therapies has seen a need to develop the manufacturing capacity for adherent cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). One such development is in the use of microcarriers, which facilitate enhanced cell densities for adherent stem cell cultures when compared with 2D culture platforms. Given the variety of stem cell expansion systems commercially available, novel methods of non-invasive and automated monitoring of cell number, confluence, and aggregation, within disparate environments, will become imperative to process control, ensuring reliable and consistent performance. The in situ epi-illumination of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human mesenchymal stem cells attached to Cytodex 1 and 3 microcarriers was achieved using a bespoke microscope. Robust image processing techniques were developed to provide quantitative measurements of confluence, aggregate recognition, and cell number, without the need for fluorescent labeling or cell detachment. Large datasets of cells counted on individual microcarriers were statistically analyzed and compared with NucleoCounter measurements, with an average difference of less than 7 observed from days 0 to 6 of a 12-day culture noted, prior to the onset of aggregation. The developed image acquisition system and post-processing methodologies were successfully applied to dynamically moving colonized microcarriers. The proposed system offers a novel method of cell identification at the individual level, to consistently and accurately assess viable cell number, confluence, and cell distribution, while also minimizing the variability inherent in the current invasive means by which cells adhered to microcarriers are analyzed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;9999: 1–11. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) : The decline of cosmic star formation: quenching, mass, and environment connections

RT acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council through grant n. 202686.We use the final data of the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) to investigate the effect of the environment on the evolution of galaxies between z = 0.5 and z = 0.9. We characterise local environment in terms of the density contrast smoothed over a cylindrical kernel, the scale of which is defined by the distance to the fifth nearest neighbour. This is performed by using a volume-limited sub-sample of galaxies complete up to z = 0.9, but allows us to attach a value of local density to all galaxies in the full VIPERS magnitude-limited sample to i < 22.5. We use this information to estimate how the distribution of galaxy stellar masses depends on environment. More massive galaxies tend to reside in higher-density environments over the full redshift range explored. Defining star-forming and passive galaxies through their (NUV-r) vs. (r-K) colours, we then quantify the fraction of star-forming over passive galaxies, fap, as a function of environment at fixed stellar mass. fap is higher in low-density regions for galaxies with masses ranging from log (M/M⊙) = 10.38 (the lowest value explored) to at least log (M/M⊙) ~ 11.3, although with decreasing significance going from lower to higher masses. This is the first time that environmental effects on high-mass galaxies are clearly detected at redshifts as high as z ~ 0.9. We compared these results to VIPERS-like galaxy mock catalogues based on a widely used galaxy formation model. The model correctly reproduces fap in low-density environments, but underpredicts it at high densities. The discrepancy is particularly strong for the lowest-mass bins. We find that this discrepancy is driven by an excess of low-mass passive satellite galaxies in the model. In high-density regions, we obtain a better (although not perfect) agreement of the model fap with observations by studying the accretion history of these model galaxies (that is, the times when they become satellites), by assuming either that a non-negligible fraction of satellites is destroyed, or that their quenching timescale is longer than ~ 2 Gyr.PostprintPeer reviewe
Listening for the past: A composer's ear-lead approach to exploring island culture past and present in the Outer Hebrides

Abstract\ud
\ud
The landscapes of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland are littered with the visual remnants of a turbulent past but can past events be said to leave sonic as well as visual traces? This article discusses three aspects of a practice-based research project. The first is the author's exploration of these islands and their history through sound in order to try to find elusive sonic traces of the past. The second concerns the issues and problems of finding and recording sound in the Outer Hebrides. The third is the artistic challenge of communicating something about history and memory, related to the Outer Hebrides, through the medium of composed sound using a mixture of monologues, field recordings and interviews collected during a number of trips to the islands as well as material from oral history archives. \ud
\ud
This article refers specifically to two finished compositions, 'Tweed' and 'On the Machair', which are both freely available to listen to\ud
online. 'Tweed' is available as part of ‘Playing with Words: an audio compilation’ at: http://www.gruenrekorder.de - and 'On the Machair' is available as part of Autumn\ud
Leaves at: http://www.gruenrekorder.de/?page_id=21
Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks in the tτ channel in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to top quark and τ lepton pairs is presented using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s=8$$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The search is performed using events that contain an electron or a muon, a hadronically decaying τ lepton, and two or more jets. The observations are found to be consistent with the standard model predictions. Assuming that all leptoquarks decay to a top quark and a τ lepton, the existence of pair produced, charge −1/3, third-generation leptoquarks up to a mass of 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. This result constitutes the first direct limit for leptoquarks decaying into a top quark and a τ lepton, and may also be applied directly to the pair production of bottom squarks decaying predominantly via the R-parity violating coupling λ333 ′. © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Communication: Truncated non-bonded potentials can yield unphysical
  behavior in molecular dynamics simulations of interfaces

Non-bonded potentials are included in most force fields and therefore widely
used in classical molecular dynamics simulations of materials and interfacial
phenomena. It is commonplace to truncate these potentials for computational
efficiency based on the assumption that errors are negligible for reasonable
cutoffs or compensated for by adjusting other interaction parameters. Arising
from a metadynamics study of the wetting transition of water on a solid
substrate, we find that the influence of the cutoff is unexpectedly strong and
can change the character of the wetting transition from continuous to first
order by creating artificial metastable wetting states. Common cutoff
corrections such as the use of a force switching function, a shifted potential,
or a shifted force do not avoid this. Such a qualitative difference urges
caution and suggests that using truncated non-bonded potentials can induce
unphysical behavior that cannot be fully accounted for by adjusting other
interaction parameters
Techniques for solar dosimetry in different ecosystems

Over exposure to UV radiation can cause serious damage to the human body resulting in skin cancer and sun-related eye disorders. Furthermore, agricultural production can be influenced by higher levels of solar UV and visible radiation due to atmospheric change, for example cloud cover resulting from climate change. Research into the effects of solar radiation on different ecosystems is of particular significance in order to determine any associated consequences that changes in solar radiation levels may cause. In order to optimise the solar radiation exposure of different ecosystems such as, agricultural crops and fisheries, a complete understanding of the solar radiation environment is necessary. This paper describes the development of dosimetric techniques for the measurement of solar UV exposures and photosynthetically active radiation in different environments in order to provide an improved characterisation of the solar radiation environment for different ecosystems. \ud
\ud
The UVB (280-320 nm) exposures to plants during various times of year have been measured with polysulphone dosimeters. These dosimeters have been miniaturized in order to increase the number of environments in which they can be used for measurement of UV exposures. At the same time as the measurement of the UVB exposures to plant leaves, the photosynthetically active radiation has been measured with a dosimeter sensitive to the visible waveband. The dynamic range of polysulphone at a sub-tropical site is approximately one day in summer. For periods of exposure longer than this, the polysulphone dosimeters have been replaced on a daily basis or alternatively a dosimeter based on polyphenylene oxide with a dynamic range that is approximately four times longer than that of polysulphone has been employed.\u
A Model of Porous Catalyst Accounting for Incipiently Non-isothermal Effects*

An approximate model accounting for incipiently non-isothermal effects is derived from a well-known model of porous catalyst for appropriate, realistic limiting values of the parameters. In this limit, the original model is a singularly perturbed, m-D reaction–diffusion system, and the approximate model is given by the m-D heat equation with nonlinear boundary condition, coupled with infinitely many (ifm2) 1-D semilinear parabolic equations, one for each point of the boundary of the spatial domain. Some limiting cases are still considered in the approximate model that lead to further simplifications
Domestic support and tariff reductions in the presence of non-tariff barriers: A gravity model for primary and processed agricultural products

Agricultural trade liberalization negotiations are currently at a crossroads. Progress was made to eliminate export subsidies, but small open economies’ demand for lower domestic support and tariffs on agricultural goods do not find much support among large policy active countries. Many non-tariff barriers still also impede agricultural trade. This paper presents the theoretical foundations of a gravity model to explain trade flows of both primary agricultural commodities and processed foods. At the consumer level, commodities are differentiated according to their country of origin while primary agricultural goods are homogenous from the buyers’ perspective. However, primary goods can not be substituted costlessly across destinations from the sellers’ perspective due to differences in technical and sanitary regulations between countries. These assumptions yield well-behaved import demand functions at the consumer level and export supply functions at the producer level. Imperfect substitutability at the consumption and production levels is summarized in two important structural parameters. The role of these parameters in explaining bilateral trade patterns is illustrated for a three-country world market using a numerical example. The simulation investigates whether it is more important for a small open economy that large policy active countries reduce agricultural tariffs or domestic support. It also addresses the implications of tariff escalation on trade flows.
Can Information Asymmetry Cause Agglomeration?

The modern literature on city formation and development, for example the New Economic Geography literature, has studied the agglomeration of agents in size or mass.  We investigate agglomeration in sorting or by type of worker, that implies agglomeration in size when worker populations differ by type.  This kind of agglomeration can be driven by asymmetric information in the labor market, specifically when firms do not know if a particular worker is of high or low skill. In a model with two types and two regions, workers of different skill levels are offered separating contracts in equilibrium.  When mobile low skill worker population rises or there is technological change that favors high skilled workers, integration of both types of workers in the same region at equilibrium becomes unstable, whereas sorting of worker types into different regions in equilibrium remains stable.  The instability of integrated equilibria results from firms, in the region to which workers are perturbed, offering attractive contracts to low skill workers when there is a mixture of workers in the region of origin.
Modified reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26

Monomeric bacteriochlorophylls BA and BB in photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 were exchanged with (132-hydroxy-) bacteriochlorophylls containing a 3-vinyl- or 3-(α-hydroxyethyl)-substituent instead of the 3-acetyl group. The corresponding binding sites must be tolerant to the introduction of the polar residue at C-132 and modifications of the 3-acetyl group. According to HPLC analysis, the exchange with both pigments amounts to less-than over equal to 50% of the total BChl contained in the complex, corresponding to less-than over equal to 100% of the monomeric BChl aBA,B. The absorption spectra show significant changes in the Qx and Qy-region of the monomeric bacteriochlorophylls. By contrast, the absorption of the primary donor (P870) and reversible photobleaching is retained. The circular dichroism is also unchanged in the 870 nm region. The positive cd band located at around 800 nm in native reaction centers, shifts with the (blue-shifted) Qy absorption(s) of BA and/or BB, whereas the position of the negative one remains nearly unaffected. The data indicate that the latter is the upper excitonic band of the primary donor, and that there is little interaction of the monomeric BA/BB with the primary donor.