pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Exploring jet-launching conditions for supergiant fast X-ray transients

Context. In the magneto-centrifugal mechanism for jet formation, accreting neutron stars are assumed to produce relativistic jets only if their surface magnetic field is weak enough (B ∼ 10^8 G). However, the most common manifestation of neutron stars are pulsars, whose magnetic field distribution peaks at B ∼ 10^12 G. If the neutron star magnetic field has at least this strength at birth, it must decay considerably before jets can be launched in binary systems.  Aims. We study the magnetic field evolution of a neutron star that accretes matter from the wind of a high-mass stellar companion so that we can constrain the accretion rate and the impurities in the crust, which are necessary conditions for jet formation.  Methods. We solved the induction equation for the diffusion and convection of the neutron star magnetic field confined to the crust, assuming spherical accretion in a simpliflied one-dimensional treatment. We incorporated state-of-the-art microphysics, including consistent thermal evolution profiles, and assumed two different neutron star cooling scenarios based on the superfluidity conditions at the core.  Results. We find that in this scenario, magnetic field decay at long timescales is governed mainly by the accretion rate, while the impurity content and thermal evolution of the neutron star play a secondary role. For accretion rates M ~ 10−10 M⊙ yr^−1, surface magnetic fields can decay up to four orders of magnitude in ∼10^7 yr, which is the timescale imposed by the evolution of the high-mass stellar companion in these systems. Based on these results, we discuss the possibility of transient jet-launching in strong wind- accreting high-mass binary systems like supergiant fast X-ray transients.Fil: García, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Gustavo Esteban. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigación y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia Física. (Centro Atómico Constituyentes) Proyecto Tandar; Argentina. Institute for Space Systems. German Aerospace Center; AlemaniaFil: Aguilera, Deborah Nancy. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Investigaciones y Aplicaciones No Nucleares. Gerencia de Física (centro Atómico Constituyentes); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentin
Fitness landscape of the cellular automata majority problem: View from the Olympus

International audienceIn this paper we study cellular automata (CAs) that perform the computational Majority task. This task is a good example of what the phenomenon of emergence in complex systems is. We take an interest in the reasons that make this particular fitness landscape a difficult one. The first goal is to study the landscape as such, and thus it is ideally independent from the actual heuristics used to search the space. However, a second goal is to understand the features a good search technique for this particular problem space should possess. We statistically quantify in various ways the degree of difficulty of searching this landscape. Due to neutrality, investigations based on sampling techniques on the whole landscape are difficult to conduct. So, we go exploring the landscape from the top. Although it has been proved that no CA can perform the task perfectly, several efficient CAs for this task have been found. Exploiting similarities between these CAs and symmetries in the landscape, we define the Olympus landscape which is regarded as the ''heavenly home'' of the best local optima known (blok). Then we measure several properties of this subspace. Although it is easier to find relevant CAs in this subspace than in the overall landscape, there are structural reasons that prevent a searcher from finding overfitted CAs in the Olympus. Finally, we study dynamics and performance of genetic algorithms on the Olympus in order to confirm our analysis and to find efficient CAs for the Majority problem with low computational cost
Influence of various process conditions on surface finishes induced by the direct metal deposition laser technique on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy

International audienceThe direct metal deposition (DMD) with laser is a free-form metal deposition process for manufacturing dense pieces, which allows generating a prototype or small series of near net-shape structures. One of the most critical issues is that produced pieces have a deleterious surface finish which systematically requires post machining steps. This problem has never been fully addressed before. The present work describes investigations on the DMD process, using an Yb-YAG disk laser, and a widely used titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) to understand the influence of the main process parameters on the surface finish quality. The focus of our work was: (1) to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for deleterious surface finishes, (2) to propose different experimental solutions for improving surface finish. In order to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for deleterious surface finishes, we have carried out: (1) a precise characterization of the laser beam and the powder stream; (2) a large number of multi-layered walls using different process parameters (P(W), V(m/min), Dm (g/min), Gaussian or uniform beam distribution); (3) a real time fast camera analysis of melt pool dynamics and melt-pool - powder stream coupling; (4) a characterization of wall morphologies versus process parameters using 2D and 3D profilometry. The results confirm that surface degradation depends on two distinct aspects: the sticking of nonmelted or partially melted particles on the free surfaces, and the formation of menisci with more or less pronounced curvature radii. Among other aspects, a reduction of layer thickness and an increase of melt-pool volumes to favor re-melting processes are shown to have a beneficial effect on roughness parameters. Last, a simple analytical model was proposed to correlate melt-pool geometries to resulting surface finishes
Evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of tau leptons

A search for a standard model Higgs boson decaying into a pair of τ leptons is performed using events recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 19.7 fb−1 at 8 TeV. Each τ lepton decays hadronically or leptonically to an electron or a muon, leading to six different final states for the τ -lepton pair, all considered in this analysis. An excess of events is observed over the expected background contributions, with a local significance larger than 3 standard deviations for mH values between 115 and 130 GeV. The best fit of the observed H → τ τ signal cross section times branching fraction for mH = 125 GeV is 0.78 ± 0.27 times the standard model expectation. These observations constitute evidence for the 125 GeV Higgs boson decaying to a pair of τ leptons
WINGS-SPE II : a catalog of stellar ages and star formation histories, stellar masses and dust extinction values for local clusters galaxies

Context. The WIde-field Nearby Galaxy clusters Survey (wings) is a project whose primary goal is to study the galaxy populations in clusters in the local universe (z < 0.07) and of the influence of environment on their stellar populations. This survey has provided the astronomical community with a high quality set of photometric and spectroscopic data for 77 and 48 nearby galaxy clusters, respectively.
Aims. In this paper we present the catalog containing the properties of galaxies observed by the wings SPEctroscopic (WINGS-SPE) survey, which were derived using stellar populations synthesis modelling approach. We also check the consistency of our results with other data in the literature.
Methods. Using a spectrophotometric model that reproduces the main features of observed spectra by summing the theoretical spectra of simple stellar populations of different ages, we derive the stellar masses, star formation histories, average age and dust attenuation of galaxies in our sample.
Results. similar to 5300 spectra were analyzed with spectrophotometric techniques, and this allowed us to derive the star formation history, stellar masses and ages, and extinction for the wings spectroscopic sample that we present in this paper.
Conclusions. The comparison with the total mass values of the same galaxies derived by other authors based on sdss data, confirms the reliability of the adopted methods and data
Topological description of (spin) Hall conductances on Brillouin zone lattices: quantum phase transitions and topological changes

It is widely accepted that topological quantities are useful to describe quantum liquids in low dimensions. The (spin) Hall conductances are typical examples. They are expressed by the Chern numbers, which are topological invariants given by the Berry connections of the ground states. We present a topological description for the (spin) Hall conductances on a discretized Brillouin zone. At the same time, it is quite efficient in practical numerical calculations for concrete models. We demonstrate its validity in a model with quantum phase transitions. Topological changes supplemented with the transition is also described in the present lattice formulation
Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system : Savo, Solomon Islands

In magmatic-hydrothermal and associated geothermal systems, acidic magmatic-derived fluids (pH<3) commonly discharge from springs proximal to the vent of active (degassing) volcanoes and more alkaline (pH>5) geothermal fluids are typically limited to lateral outflows some distance from the main vent. Here we describe an unusual hydrothermal system associated with Savo volcano, a recently active (1830–40) trachyte-dominated island arc stratovolcano in the Solomon Islands. Hot springs (~100°C) near to the volcanic crater discharge alkaline waters instead of the more commonly recognised acidic fluids.\ud
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The hydrothermal system of Savo dominantly discharges sinter and travertine-forming alkaline sulphate (pH 7–8) waters at hot springs on its upper flanks, in addition to a small number of lower discharge acid sulphate springs (pH 2–7). Alkaline sulphate springs discharge dilute, chloride-poor (<50 mg/l), sulphate- (>600 mg/l) and silica-rich (>250 mg/l) fluids. They have restricted δ34SSO4 (5.4 ± 1.5‰) and δ18OH2O values (−4‰; local non-thermal groundwater is −8‰). Acid sulphate springs discharge low chloride (<20 mg/l), high sulphate (300–800 mg/l) waters, with variable silica (100–300 mg/l) and distinctly lower δ34SSO4 values (−0.6 ± 2.5‰) compared to the alkaline sulphate fluids. They also display high δ18OH2O and δDH2O relative to non-thermal groundwater.\ud
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Geochemical modelling shows that water–rock reaction and dilution in the presence of secondary anhydrite, pyrite and quartz leads to chloride being diluted to low concentrations, whilst maintaining high sulphate and silica concentrations in the fluid. Strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes confirm water–rock reaction and mixing with groundwater as primary controls on the composition of the alkaline sulphate springs.\ud
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The highly unusual dilute chemistry of all discharges at Savo is a consequence of high regional rainfall, i.e. climatic control, and results from open system mixing at depth between hydrothermal and meteoric waters
A search for tt̄ resonances in lepton+jets events with highly boosted top quarks collected in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV with the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.9 (2012): 041 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for resonant production of high-mass top-quark pairs is performed on 2.05 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV collected in 2011 with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This analysis of the lepton+jets final state is specifically designed for the particular topology that arises from the decay of highly boosted top quarks. The observed tt̄ invariant mass spectrum is found to be compatible with the Standard Model prediction and 95% credibility level upper limits are derived on the tt̄ production rate through new massive states. An upper limit of 0.7 pb is set on the production cross section times branching fraction of a narrow 1 TeV resonance. A Kaluza-Klein gluon with a mass smaller than 1.5 TeV is exclude
Novel aspects of the molecular biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

The gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the
gastrointestinal tract (GI). Historically, these tumors were commonly mistaken for myogenic and
neurogenic masses, and then eventually came to be recognized as a distinct type of soft-tissue
sarcoma through ultrastructural findings and specific immunomarkers. GISTs can arise anywhere
along the GI tract, and are believed to originate from or share a common progenitor with the
interstitial cell of Cajal. The majority of GISTs carry activating KIT or PDGFRA mutations,
which form the molecular basis for the successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Although
genetic discoveries and treatment advances have greatly improved clinical outcomes, the
significance of GIST neuroendocrine phenotype, the role of the relatively newly identified
DOG1, and the impact of regional imatinib pharmacodynamics remain obscure. The aim of the
overall thesis was to explore functional aspects of the human GIST biology.



Evaluation of the presence of functional GIST cell stimulus-secretion coupling demonstrated an
intact intracellular Ca2+-signaling pathway and an active ATP release that is dependent on [Ca2+]e
levels and is augmentable by pharmacological stimuli. (Paper I)



The existence and composition of a putative GIST secretome was assessed by shotgun
proteomics. The findings demonstrate that GIST cells contain a secretome signature made up of
classically and non-classically released proteins. The protein subsets and appurtenant functional
clustering varied in the presence of drug stimulation. The types of released proteins, which
significantly increased through cell stimulation, were consistent with the types of proteins found
in other cancers. Moreover, the secretome overlapped extensively with exosomal proteins.(Paper II)



A protocol to measure intracellular imatinib levels was developed for use in both in vitro and in
vivo systems of GIST cells. The liquid-liquid extraction LC-MS TOF-based protocol offered a
reliable way to determine intracellular imatinib levels with high recovery, good linearity, and low
limit of detection, in both the experimental and clinical settings. The imatinib uptake differed
between imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant cell lines, and accumulated in tumors from
three patients, with large intra- and inter-tumoral variations. (Paper III)



The functional significance of DOG1 in GIST cells was addressed. DOG1 have different
subcellular localizations in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant GIST cells. Specific
inhibitors or activators modulated the DOG1 activity efficaciously. The overall effect on GIST
cell viability and proliferation was small, but DOG1 inhibition induced late apoptosis among a
small proportion of early apoptotic imatinib-resistant GIST cells. (Paper IV
Simultaneous multiple change-point and factor analysis for
  high-dimensional time series

We propose the first comprehensive treatment of high-dimensional time series
factor models with multiple change-points in their second-order structure. We
operate under the most flexible definition of piecewise stationarity, and
estimate the number and locations of change-points consistently as well as
identifying whether they originate in the common or idiosyncratic components.
Through the use of wavelets, we transform the problem of change-point detection
in the second-order structure of a high-dimensional time series, into the
(relatively easier) problem of change-point detection in the means of
high-dimensional panel data. Also, our methodology circumvents the difficult
issue of the accurate estimation of the true number of factors in the presence
of multiple change-points by adopting a screening procedure. We further show
that consistent factor analysis is achieved over each segment defined by the
change-points estimated by the proposed methodology. In extensive simulation
studies, we observe that factor analysis prior to change-point detection
improves the detectability of change-points, and identify and describe an
interesting `spillover' effect in which substantial breaks in the idiosyncratic
components get, naturally enough, identified as change-points in the common
components, which prompts us to regard the corresponding change-points as also
acting as a form of `factors'. Our methodology is implemented in the R package
{\tt factorcpt}, available from CRAN.Comment: 64 pages, to appear in the Journal of Econometric
Increased DNA methylation near TREM2 is consistently seen in the superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease brain

© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Although mutations within the TREM2 gene have been robustly associated with Alzheimer's disease, it is not known whether alterations in the regulation of this gene are also involved in pathogenesis. Here, we present data demonstrating increased DNA methylation in the superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer's disease brain at a CpG site located 289 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the TREM2 gene in 3 independent study cohorts using 2 different technologies (Illumina Infinium 450K methylation beadchip and pyrosequencing). A meta-analysis across all 3 cohorts reveals consistent AD-associated hypermethylation (p = 3.47E-08). This study highlights that extending genetic studies of TREM2 in AD to investigate epigenetic changes may nominate additional mechanisms by which disruption to this gene increases risk
Company metamorphosis: professionalization waves, family firms and management buyouts

YesWe explore the process of professionalization pre- and post-buyout (MBO) or buyin (MBI) of former private family firms using longitudinal evidence from six UK family firms undergoing an MBO/I in 1998. Professionalization behaviour was monitored up to 2014. Previous studies have conceptualized professionalization as a threshold to be attained. We demonstrate that professionalization is a complex process occurring in waves, triggered by changes in firm ownership and management. Waves of professionalization converge during the MBO/I process. Buyouts provide a funnelling mechanism enabling diverse control systems to be standardized. Post-MBO/I, divergence in the professionalization process reoccurs contingent on firm-specific contexts. Professionalization focuses on operations when stewardship relationships predominate, but on agency control mechanisms when there is increased potential for agency costs. Buyout organizational form is an important transitory phase facilitating the professionalization process. Professionalization is not a once-for-all development stage.GoldAcceptance date 7 June 2016. Email from author sent 11 Aug. This is over 3 months from acceptance. However, it is a Gold paper and was OA well within 3 months from acceptance. Also 2016 is the HEFCE 'grace period' year
The geomorphology of the Anthropocene: emergence, status and implications

The Anthropocene is proposed as a new interval of geological time in which human influence on Earth and its geological record dominates over natural processes. A major challenge in demarcating the Anthropocene is that the balance between human-influenced and natural processes varies over spatial and temporal scales owing to the inherent variability of both human activities (as associated with culture and modes of development) and natural drivers (e.g. tectonic activity and sea level variation). Against this backdrop, we consider how geomorphology might contribute towards the Anthropocene debate by focusing on human impact on aeolian, fluvial, cryospheric and coastal process domains, and how evidence of this impact is preserved in landforms and sedimentary records. We also consider the evidence for an explicitly anthropogenic geomorphology that includes artificial slopes and other human-created landforms. This provides the basis for discussing the theoretical and practical contributions that geomorphology can make to defining an Anthropocene stratigraphy. It is clear that the relevance of the Anthropocene concept varies considerably amongst different branches of geomorphology, depending on the history of human actions in different process domains. For example, evidence of human dominance is more widespread in fluvial and coastal records than in aeolian and cryospheric records, so geomorphologically the Anthropocene would inevitably comprise a highly diachronous lower boundary. Even to identify this lower boundary, research would need to focus on the disambiguation of human effects on geomorphological and sedimentological signatures. This would require robust data, derived from a combination of modelling and new empirical work rather than an arbitrary ?war of possible boundaries' associated with convenient, but disputed, ?golden? spikes. Rather than being drawn into stratigraphical debates, the primary concern of geomorphology should be with the investigation of processes and landform development, so providing the underpinning science for the study of this time of critical geological transition. Copyright ? 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.authorsversionPeer reviewe
Genome sequences of six Phytophthora species associated with forests in New Zealand.

In New Zealand there has been a long association of Phytophthora diseases in forests, nurseries, remnant plantings and horticultural crops. However, new Phytophthora diseases of trees have recently emerged. Genome sequencing has been performed for 12 Phytophthora isolates, from six species: Phytophthora pluvialis, Phytophthora kernoviae, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora agathidicida, Phytophthora multivora and Phytophthora taxon Totara. These sequences will enable comparative analyses to identify potential virulence strategies and ultimately facilitate better control strategies. This Whole Genome Shotgun data have been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession numbers LGTT00000000, LGTU00000000, JPWV00000000, JPWU00000000, LGSK00000000, LGSJ00000000, LGTR00000000, LGTS00000000, LGSM00000000, LGSL00000000, LGSO00000000, and LGSN00000000.This work was funded by MBIE (CO4X1305), with co-funding from
the Forest Growers Levy Trust (administered by the New Zealand Forest
Owners Association) and the Radiata Pine Breeding Company under the
“Healthy trees, Healthy future” research programme at Scion (NZFRI,
Ltd). DJS was supported by the BBSRC (BB/L012499/1). Sequencing
was performed by the Exeter Sequencing Service at the University of Exeter,
which is supported by Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support
Fund (WT097835MF), Wellcome Trust Multi User Equipment
Award (WT101650MA) and BBSRC LOLA award (BB/K003240/1). New
Zealand isolates are maintained by the Forest Health Reference Laboratory
Culture Collection at Scion (New Zealand). The authors thank the
International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants (ICMP) for providing
P. agathidicida ICMP 17027