pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for direct chargino production in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breading models based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration members: P. Jackson, N. Soni, M.J. White for the University of Adelaide, South Australia.A search for direct chargino production in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios is performed in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using 4.7 fb⁻¹ of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In these models, the lightest chargino is predicted to have a lifetime long enough to be detected in the tracking detectors of collider experiments. This analysis explores such models by searching for chargino decays that result in tracks with few associated hits in the outer region of the tracking system. The transverse-momentum spectrum of candidate tracks is found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model background processes and constraints on chargino properties are obtained.The ATLAS collaboratio
New Propellant Component, Part II. Study of a PSAN/DNAM/HTPB Based Formulation

A study of DNAM as a candidate ingredient for propellant formulations is reported. A formulation including DNAM and based on Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate (PSAN) and Hydroxy-Terminated-Poly Butadiene (HTPB) was selected for the study. This includes thermoanalytical measurements on the mixtures of solid components and propellant samples. Performance is assessed by burning rate measurements. A new small-scale shock sensitivity test developed for studying the propellant under consideration is described. A good potential for DNAM was found for this formulation as revealed by the performance and low vulnerability of the PSAN/DNAM/HTPB composition.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4087(200112)26:6<278::AID-PREP278>3.0.CO;2-
Some aspects of self-duality and generalised BPS theories.

If a scalar field theory in (1+1) dimensions possesses soliton solutions obeying first order BPS equations, then, in general, it is possible to find an infinite number of related field theories with BPS solitons which obey closely related BPS equations. We point out that this fact may be understood as a simple consequence of an appropriately generalised notion of self-duality. We show that this self-duality framework enables us to generalize to higher dimensions the construction of new solitons from already known solutions. By performing simple field transformations our procedure allows us to relate solitons with different topological properties. We present several interesting examples of such solitons in two and three dimensions
Constraining New Physics in B-->pi+pi- with Reparametrization Invariance
  and QCD Factorization

Usually, B->pi+pi- decays are expressed in terms of weak amplitudes
explicitly dependent on the CKM weak phase alpha or gamma. In this letter, we
show that the weak amplitudes can be rewritten such that a manifest dependence
on beta emerges instead. Based on this, we constrain new-physics contributions
to the CP-violating phase phi_d in B_0 anti-B_0 mixing. Further, we apply
reparametrization invariance and use QCD factorization predictions to
investigate the bounds on an additional new-physics amplitude in B->pi+pi-.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
The Quasar Accretion Disk Size -- Black Hole Mass Relation

We use the microlensing variability observed for eleven gravitationally
lensed quasars to show that the accretion disk size at a rest-frame wavelength
of 2500 Angstroms is related to the black hole mass by
log(R_{2500}/cm)=(15.78\pm0.12) + (0.80\pm0.17)\log(M_BH/10^9M_sun). This
scaling is consistent with the expectation from thin disk theory (R ~
M_BH^{2/3}), but when interpreted in terms of the standard thin disk model (T ~
R^{-3/4}), it implies that black holes radiate with very low efficiency,
log(eta) = -1.77\pm0.29 + log(L/L_E) where eta=L/(Mdot*c^2). Only by making the
maximum reasonable shifts in the average inclination, Eddington factors and
black hole masses can we raise the efficiency estimate to be marginally
consistent with typical efficiency estimates (eta ~ 10%). With one exception,
these sizes are larger by a factor of ~4 than the size needed to produce the
observed 0.8 micron quasar flux by thermal radiation from a thin disk with the
same T ~ R^{-3/4} temperature profile. While scattering a significant fraction
of the disk emission on large scales or including a large fraction of
contaminating line emission can reduce the size discrepancy, resolving it also
appears to require that accretion disks have flatter temperature/surface
brightness profiles.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journa
A Milnor-Moore Type Theorem for Primitively Generated Braided Bialgebras

A braided bialgebra is called primitively generated if it is generated as an
algebra by its space of primitive elements. We prove that any primitively
generated braided bialgebra is isomorphic to the universal enveloping algebra
of its infinitesimal braided Lie algebra, notions hereby introduced. This
result can be regarded as a Milnor-Moore type theorem for primitively generated
braided bialgebras and leads to the introduction of a concept of braided Lie
algebra for an arbitrary braided vector space
The Markov-Zariski topology of an abelian group

According to Markov, a subset of an abelian group G of the form {x in G:
nx=a}, for some integer n and some element a of G, is an elementary algebraic
set; finite unions of elementary algebraic sets are called algebraic sets. We
prove that a subset of an abelian group G is algebraic if and only if it is
closed in every precompact (=totally bounded) Hausdorff group topology on G.
The family of all algebraic subsets of an abelian group G forms the family of
closed subsets of a unique Noetherian T_1 topology on G called the Zariski, or
verbal, topology of G. We investigate the properties of this topology. In
particular, we show that the Zariski topology is always hereditarily separable
and Frechet-Urysohn. For a countable family F of subsets of an abelian group G
of cardinality at most the continuum, we construct a precompact metric group
topology T on G such that the T-closure of each member of F coincides with its
Zariski closure. As an application, we provide a characterization of the
subsets of G that are dense in some Hausdorff group topology on G, and we show
that such a topology, if it exists, can always be chosen so that it is
precompact and metric. This provides a partial answer to a long-standing
problem of Markov
Distinctive rings in the 21 cm signal of the epoch of reionization

It is predicted that sources emitting UV radiation in the Lyman band during
the epoch of reionization (EoR) showed a series of discontinuities in their
Ly-alpha flux radial profile as a consequence of the thickness of the Lyman
line series in the primeval intergalactic medium. Through unsaturated
Wouthuysen-Field coupling, these spherical discontinuities are also present in
the 21 cm emission of the neutral IGM. In this article, we study the effects
these discontinuities have on the differential brightness temperature of the 21
cm signal of neutral hydrogen in a realistic setting including all other
sources of fluctuations. We focus on the early phases of the EoR, and we
address the question of the detectability by the planned Square Kilometre
Array. Such a detection would be of great interest, because these structures
could provide an unambiguous diagnostic for the cosmological origin of the
signal remaining after the foreground cleaning procedure. Also, they could be
used as a new type of standard rulers. We determine the differential brightness
temperature of the 21 cm signal in the presence of inhomogeneous
Wouthuysen-Field effect using simulations which include (hydro)dynamics and
both ionizing and Lyman lines 3D radiative transfer with the code LICORICE. We
find that the Lyman horizons are clearly visible on the maps and radial
profiles around the first sources of our simulations, but for a limited time
interval, typically \Delta z \approx 2 at z \sim 13. Stacking the profiles of
the different sources of the simulation at a given redshift results in
extending this interval to \Delta z \approx 4. When we take into account the
implementation and design planned for the SKA (collecting area, sensitivity,
resolution), we find that detection will be challenging. It may be possible
with a 10 km diameter for the core, but will be difficult with the currently
favored design of a 5 km core.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures; v2: Section 5.5 rewritten; some new references
  added; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Imaging of atomic orbitals with the Atomic Force Microscope -
  experiments and simulations

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a mechanical profiling technique that allows
to image surfaces with atomic resolution. Recent progress in reducing the noise
of this technique has led to a resolution level where previously undetectable
symmetries of the images of single atoms are observed. These symmetries are
related to the nature of the interatomic forces. The Si(111)-(7x7) surface is
studied by AFM with various tips and AFM images are simulated with chemical and
electrostatic model forces. The calculation of images from the tip-sample
forces is explained in detail and the implications of the imaging parameters
are discussed. Because the structure of the Si(111)-(7x7) surface is known very
well, the shape of the adatom images is used to determine the tip structure.
The observability of atomic orbitals by AFM and scanning tunneling microscopy
is discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 17 figure
A Monte Carlo Method for the Numerical Simulation of Tsallis Statistics

We present a new method devised to overcome the intrinsic difficulties
associated to the numerical simulations of the Tsallis statistics. We use a
standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm at a fictitious temperature T',
combined with a numerical integration method for the calculation of the entropy
in order to evaluate the actual temperature T. We illustrate the method by
applying it to the 2d-Ising model using a standard reweighting technique.Comment: 7 LaTeX pages, 3 figures, submited to Physica
Differential cross section measurement of eta photoproduction on the
  proton from threshold to 1100 MeV

The differential cross section for the reaction p(gamma, eta p) has been
measured from threshold to 1100 MeV photon laboratory energy. For the first
time, the region of the S11(1535) resonance is fully covered in a
photoproduction experiment and allows a precise extraction of its parameters at
the photon point. Above 1000 MeV, S-wave dominance vanishes while a P-wave
contribution is observed whose nature will have to be clarified. These high
precision data together with the already measured beam asymmetry data will
provide stringent constraints on the extraction of new couplings of baryon
resonances to the eta meson.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Letters B. Typos corrected.
  Some more information on the S11(1535) parameter
SU(3) Breaking of Leading--Twist K and K* Distribution Amplitudes - a
  Reprise

We review the status of the leptonic decay constants f_K and
f_K^{\parallel,\perp} of the K and K*, respectively, and the SU(3) breaking
quantities a_1(K) and a_{1}^{\parallel,\perp}(K*), the first Gegenbauer-moments
of the leading-twist distribution amplitudes of K and K*. We obtain new
predictions from QCD sum rules which are relevant for the calculation of K and
K* form factors, for instance T_1^{B->K*}, which determines the decay B -> K*
gamma, and for QCD factorisation calculations of nonleptonic B decays into
strange mesons, for instance B -> K pi.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Rapid and multi-band variability of the TeV-bright active nucleus of the
  galaxy IC 310

Context. The radio galaxy IC 310 has recently been identified as a gamma-ray
emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high
energies (VHE, E>100GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a
head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy
since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. Aims. In order to understand the
nature of IC 310 and the origin of the VHE emission we studied the spectral and
flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE gamma-ray regime.
Methods. The light curve of IC 310 above 300GeV has been measured with the
MAGIC telescopes from Oct. 2009 to Feb. 2010. Fermi-LAT data (2008-2011) in the
10-500GeV energy range were also analyzed. In X-ray, archival observations from
2003 to 2007 with XMM, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5-10keV band were
studied. Results. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and
short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present. The
photon index between 120GeV and 8TeV remains at the value $\Gamma\sim2.0$
during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show
significant variability, whereas the flux at 1TeV changes by a factor of
$\sim7$. Fermi-LAT detected only eight gamma-ray events in the energy range
10GeV-500GeV in three years of observation. The measured photon index of
$\Gamma=1.3\pm0.5$ in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements
show strong variability in flux and photon index. The latter varied from
$1.76\pm0.07$ to $2.55\pm0.07$. Conclusion. The rapid variability measured
confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC 310. The TeV emission seems to
originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii within the compact
core of its FRI radio jet with orientation angle 10deg-38deg. The SED resembles
that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of
magnitude lower.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in A&
UV-IR Mixing in Non-Commutative Plane

Poincar\'e-invariant quantum field theories can be formulated on
non-commutative planes if the coproduct on the Poincar\'e group is suitably
deformed \cite{Dimitrijevic:2004rf, Chaichian:2004za}.(See also especially
Oeckl \cite{Oeckl:1999jun},\cite{Oeckl:2000mar} and Grosse et
al.\cite{Grosse:2001mar}) As shown in \cite{Balachandran:2005eb}, this
important result of these authors implies modification of free field
commutation and anti-commutation relations and striking phenomenological
consequences such as violations of Pauli principle
\cite{Balachandran:2005eb,Bal3}. In this paper we prove that with these
modifications, UV-IR mixing disappears to all orders in perturbation theory
from the $S$-Matrix. This result is in agreement with the previous results of
Oeckl \cite{Oeckl:2000mar}.Comment: Minor Changes in text and abstract, important references adde
Galilean symmetry in a nonabelian Chern Simons matter system

We study the Galilean symmetry in a nonrelativistic model, recently advanced
by Bak, Jackiw and Pi, involving the coupling of a nonabelian Chern-Simons term
with matter fields. The validity of the Galilean algebra on the constraint
surface is demonstrated in the gauge independent formalism. Then the reduced
space formulation is discussed in the axial gauge using the symplectic method.
An anomalous term in the Galilean algebra is obtained which can be eliminated
by demanding conditions on the Green function. Finally, the axial gauge is also
treated by Dirac's method.
  Galilean symmetry is preserved in this method. Comparisions with the
symplectic approach reveal some interesting features.Comment: Latex file, 15 pages, no figure
Asymptotic theory for the multidimensional random on-line
  nearest-neighbour graph

The on-line nearest-neighbour graph on a sequence of $n$ uniform random
points in $(0,1)^d$ ($d \in \N$) joins each point after the first to its
nearest neighbour amongst its predecessors. For the total power-weighted
edge-length of this graph, with weight exponent $\alpha \in (0,d/2]$, we prove
$O(\max \{n^{1-(2\alpha/d)}, \log n \})$ upper bounds on the variance. On the
other hand, we give an $n \to \infty$ large-sample convergence result for the
total power-weighted edge-length when $\alpha > d/2$. We prove corresponding
results when the underlying point set is a Poisson process of intensity $n$.Comment: 25 pages; v2: substantial revision, change in title, central limit
  theorem present in v1 removed due to a ga
Combinatorial Hopf Algebras, Noncommutative Hall-Littlewood Functions, and Permutation Tableaux

We introduce a new family of noncommutative analogues of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions. Our construction relies upon Tevlin's bases and simple q-deformations of the classical combinatorial Hopf algebras. We connect our new Hall-Littlewood functions to permutation tableaux, and also give an exact formula for the q-enumeration of permutation tableaux of a fixed shape. This gives an explicit formula for: the steady state probability of each state in the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP); the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of weak excedances according to crossings; the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of descent bottoms according to occurrences of the generalized pattern 2-31.Mathematic
Higgs constraints from vector boson fusion and scattering

We present results on 4-lepton + 2-jet production, the partonic processes
most commonly described as vector boson pair production in the Vector Boson
Fusion (VBF) mode. This final state contains diagrams that are mediated by
Higgs boson exchange. We focus particularly on the high-mass behaviour of the
Higgs boson mediated diagrams, which unlike on-shell production, gives
information about the Higgs couplings without assumptions on the Higgs boson
total width. We assess the sensitivity of the high-mass region to Higgs
coupling strengths, considering all vector boson pair channels, $W^-W^+$,
$W^\pm W^\pm$, $W^\pm Z$ and $ZZ$. Because of the small background, the most
promising mode is $W^+ W^+$ which has sensitivity to Higgs couplings because of
Higgs boson exchange in the $t$-channel. Using the Caola-Melnikov (CM) method,
the off-shell couplings can be interpreted as bounds on the Higgs boson total
width. We estimate the bound that can be obtained with current data, as well as
the bounds that could be obtained at $\sqrt{s}=13$~TeV in the VBF channel for
data samples of 100 and 300 fb$^{-1}$. The CM method has already been
successfully applied in the gluon fusion (GGF) production channel. The VBF
production channel gives important complementary information, because both
production and decay of the Higgs boson occur already at tree graph level.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, 4 table
Vacuum metastability with black holes

We consider the possibility that small black holes can act as nucleation
seeds for the decay of a metastable vacuum, focussing particularly on the Higgs
potential. Using a thin-wall bubble approximation for the nucleation process,
which is possible when generic quantum gravity corrections are added to the
Higgs potential, we show that primordial black holes can stimulate vacuum
decay. We demonstrate that for suitable parameter ranges, the vacuum decay
process dominates over the Hawking evaporation process. Finally, we comment on
the application of these results to vacuum decay seeded by black holes produced
in particle collisions.Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures, published versio
Top pair production at a future $e^+e^-$ machine in a composite Higgs
  scenario

The top quark plays a central role in many New Physics scenarios and in
understanding the details of Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking. In the short- and
mid-term future, top-quark studies will mainly be driven by the experiments at
the Large Hadron Collider. Exploration of top quarks will, however, be an
integral part of particle physics studies at any future facility and an $e^+
e^-$ collider will have a very comprehensive top-quark physics program. We
discuss the possibilities of testing NP in the top-quark sector within a
composite Higgs scenario through deviations from the Standard Model in top pair
production for different Centre-of-Mass energy options of a future $e^+e^-$
machine. In particular, we focus on precision studies of the top-quark sector
at a CM energy ranging from 370 GeV up to 3 TeV.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures; v2: minor corrections, published on JHE
First determination of the $CP$ content of $D \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$
  and updated determination of the $CP$ contents of $D \to \pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and
  $D \to K^+K^-\pi^0$

Quantum-correlated $\psi(3770) \to D\bar{D}$ decays collected by the CLEO-c
experiment are used to perform a first measurement of $F_+^{4\pi}$, the
fractional $CP$-even content of the self-conjugate decay $D \to
\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$, obtaining a value of $0.737 \pm 0.028$. An important
input to the measurement comes from the use of $D \to K^0_{\rm S}\pi^+\pi^-$
and $D \to K^0_{\rm L}\pi^+\pi^-$ decays to tag the signal mode. This same
technique is applied to the channels $D \to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$ and $D \to
K^+K^-\pi^0$, yielding $F_+^{\pi\pi\pi^0} = 1.014 \pm 0.045 \pm 0.022$ and
$F_+^{KK\pi^0} = 0.734 \pm 0.106 \pm 0.054$, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second systematic. These measurements are consistent with
those of an earlier analysis, based on $CP$-eigenstate tags, and can be
combined to give values of $F_+^{\pi\pi\pi^0} = 0.973 \pm 0.017$ and
$F_+^{KK\pi^0} = 0.732 \pm 0.055$. The results will enable the three modes to
be included in a model-independent manner in measurements of the unitarity
triangle angle $\gamma$ using $B^\mp \to DK^\mp$ decays, and in time-dependent
studies of $CP$ violation and mixing in the $D\bar{D}$ system.Comment: Minor revisions following journal acceptanc
NGC4370: a case study for testing our ability to infer dust distribution
  and mass in nearby galaxies

A fraction of the early-type galaxy population hosts a prominent dust lane.
Methods to quantify the dust content of these systems based on optical imaging
data usually yield dust masses which are an order of magnitude lower than dust
masses derived from the observed FIR emission. High-quality optical data from
the Next Generation Virgo cluster Survey (NGVS) and FIR/submm observations from
the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey (HeViCS) allow us to revisit previous methods
to determine the dust content in galaxies and explore new ones. We aim to
derive the dust mass in NGC 4370 from both optical and FIR data, and
investigate the need to invoke a putative diffuse dust component. We create
color and attenuation maps, which are converted to approximate dust mass maps
based on simple dust geometries. Dust masses are also derived from SED fits to
FIR/submm observations. Finally, inverse radiative transfer fitting is
performed to investigate more complex dust geometries. The empirical methods
applied to the optical data yield lower limits of 3.4e5 solar masses, an order
of magnitude below the total dust masses derived from SED fitting. In contrast,
radiative transfer models yield dust masses which are slightly lower, but fully
consistent with the FIR-derived mass. Dust is more likely to be distributed in
a ring around the centre of NGC 4370 as opposed to an exponential disc or a
simple foreground screen. Moreover, using inverse radiative transfer fitting,
we are able to constrain most of the parameters describing these geometries.
The resulting dust masses are high enough to account for the dust observed at
FIR/submm wavelengths, so that no diffuse dust component needs to be invoked.
We furthermore caution for the interpretation of dust masses and optical depths
based on optical data alone, using overly simplistic star-dust geometries and
the neglect of scattering effects. [ABRIDGED]Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic