pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Youth leadership development in virtual worlds: A case study

AbstractThis paper discusses the impact of ‘The Dream It. Do It Initiative’ (D.I.D.I.), an informal learning program implemented in Teen Second Life (TSL), on leadership development. We found support for using TSL as a venue for leadership exploration. Specifically, we found that venturers became aware of the community issues in these worlds; they gained leadership skills such as teamwork, determination, and responsibility; and they learned how to use their mistakes to improve their projects. We conclude that virtual worlds, as “places for engagement”, can indeed be used to help youth explore their leadership potential with support from parents and educators
Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Liver: Early Response Assessment after Intraarterial Therapy Using 3D Quantitative Tumor Enhancement Analysis

AbstractPURPOSELiver metastases from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are not uncommon in the course of disease. However, data about tumor response to intraarterial therapy (IAT) are scarce. This study assessed whether changes of enhancing tumor volume using quantitative European Association for the Study of the Liver (qEASL) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) can evaluate tumor response and predict overall survival (OS) early after therapy.METHODS AND MATERIALSFourteen patients with liver metastatic RCC treated with IAT (transarterial chemoembolization: n= 9 and yttrium-90: n= 5) were retrospectively included. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced imaging (MRI: n= 10 and CT: n= 4) 3 to 4 weeks pre- and posttreatment. Response to treatment was evaluated on the arterial phase using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), World Health Organization, modified RECIST, EASL, tumor volume, and qEASL. Paired t test was used to compare measurements pre- and post-IAT. Patients were stratified into responders (≥65% decrease in qEASL) and nonresponders (<65% decrease in qEASL). OS was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTSMean qEASL (cm3) decreased from 93.5 to 67.2 cm3 (P= .004) and mean qEASL (%) from 63.1% to 35.6% (P= .001). No significant changes were observed using other response criteria. qEASL was the only significant predictor of OS when used to stratify patients into responders and nonresponders with median OS of 31.9 versus 11.1 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.97; P= .042) for qEASL (cm3) and 29.9 versus 10.2 months (HR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.74; P= .025) for qEASL (%).CONCLUSIONThree-dimensional (3D) quantitative tumor analysis is a reliable predictor of OS when assessing treatment response after IAT in patients with RCC metastatic to the liver. qEASL outperforms conventional non-3D methods and can be used as a surrogate marker for OS early after therapy
Leptogenesis in an SU(5)×A5 golden ratio flavour model

AbstractIn this paper we discuss a minor modification of a previous SU(5)×A5 flavour model which exhibits at leading order golden ratio mixing and sum rules for the heavy and the light neutrino masses. Although this model could predict all mixing angles well it fails in generating a sufficient large baryon asymmetry via the leptogenesis mechanism. We repair this deficit here, discuss model building aspects and give analytical estimates for the generated baryon asymmetry before we perform a numerical parameter scan. Our setup has only a few parameters in the lepton sector. This leads to specific constraints and correlations between the neutrino observables. For instance, we find that in the model considered only the neutrino mass spectrum with normal mass ordering and values of the lightest neutrino mass in the interval 10–18 meV are compatible with the current data on the neutrino oscillation parameters. With the introduction of only one NLO operator, the model can accommodate successfully simultaneously even at 1σ level the current data on neutrino masses, on neutrino mixing and the observed value of the baryon asymmetry
Tracing shadows: How gendered power relations shape the impacts of maternal death on living children in sub Saharan Africa

AbstractDriven by the need to better understand the full and intergenerational toll of maternal mortality (MM), a mixed-methods study was conducted in four countries in sub-Saharan Africa to investigate the impacts of maternal death on families and children. The present analysis identifies gender as a fundamental driver not only of maternal, but also child health, through manifestations of gender inequity in household decision making, labor and caregiving, and social norms dictating the status of women. Focus group discussions were conducted with community members, and in depth qualitative interviews with key-informants and stakeholders, in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Malawi, and South Africa between April 2012 and October 2013. Findings highlight that socially constructed gender roles, which define mothers as caregivers and fathers as wage earners, and which limit women's agency regarding childcare decisions, among other things, create considerable gaps when it comes to meeting child nutrition, education, and health care needs following a maternal death. Additionally, our findings show that maternal deaths have differential effects on boy and girl children, and exacerbate specific risks for girl children, including early marriage, early pregnancy, and school drop-out. To combat both MM, and to mitigate impacts on children, investment in health services interventions should be complemented by broader interventions regarding social protection, as well as aimed at shifting social norms and opportunity structures regarding gendered divisions of labor and power at household, community, and society levels
Effects of rabeprazole on the antiplatelet effects and pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel in healthy volunteers

SummaryBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), mostly omeprazole, interact with clopidogrel efficacy by inhibiting the formation of its active metabolite via CYP2C19 inhibition. Whether this occurs with all PPIs is a matter of debate. As rabeprazole is a less potent CYP2C19 inhibitor than other PPIs, we studied the interaction between rabeprazole and the antiplatelet actions and pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel.AimTo demonstrate the non-inferiority of rabeprazole over placebo using change in platelet reactivity index (PRI; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein [VASP] assay) in a predefined population of good clopidogrel responders. Omeprazole was used as the positive control.MethodsIn this randomized three-period crossover study in healthy volunteers, 36 healthy men received clopidogrel (75mg/day for 7 days) with placebo, omeprazole (20mg/day) or rabeprazole (20mg/day). Clopidogrel antiplatelet effects and disposition kinetics were assessed on day 7 of combination therapy. Non-inferiority threshold was predefined as an upper limit of the 90% confidence interval for the difference in change in PRI between placebo and rabeprazole of<10% in good clopidogrel responders.ResultsIn good clopidogrel responders (inhibition of VASP index>30%), the clopidogrel antiplatelet effect remained non-inferior to placebo during rabeprazole (difference 3.4% [–1.7; 8.5]) but not omeprazole (difference 7.5% [2.5; 12.6]) co-administration. The AUC0–24 and Cmax of active clopidogrel metabolite decreased with both omeprazole and rabeprazole, and conditions of bioequivalence were not met, except for AUC0–24 with rabeprazole.ConclusionsRabeprazole does not interact with clopidogrel to the same extent as omeprazole. However, under our experimental conditions and proton-pump inhibitor doses, there was no significant pharmacodynamic interaction between rabeprazole or omeprazole and clopidogrel, despite a significant decrease in the formation of clopidogrel active metabolite
Locked into Copenhagen pledges — Implications of short-term emission targets for the cost and feasibility of long-term climate goals

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the AMPERE modeling comparison project with focus on the implications of near-term policies for the costs and attainability of long-term climate objectives. Nine modeling teams participated in the project to explore the consequences of global emissions following the proposed policy stringency of the national pledges from the Copenhagen Accord and Cancún Agreements to 2030. Specific features compared to earlier assessments are the explicit consideration of near-term 2030 emission targets as well as the systematic sensitivity analysis for the availability and potential of mitigation technologies. Our estimates show that a 2030 mitigation effort comparable to the pledges would result in a further “lock-in” of the energy system into fossil fuels and thus impede the required energy transformation to reach low greenhouse-gas stabilization levels (450ppm CO2e). Major implications include significant increases in mitigation costs, increased risk that low stabilization targets become unattainable, and reduced chances of staying below the proposed temperature change target of 2°C in case of overshoot. With respect to technologies, we find that following the pledge pathways to 2030 would narrow policy choices, and increases the risks that some currently optional technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or the large-scale deployment of bioenergy, will become “a must” by 2030
Measurement of event-by-event flow harmonics in Pb–Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThe event-by-event distributions of harmonic flow coefficients vn for n=2 – 4 are measured in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV, using charged particles with pT>0.5GeV and |η|<2.5. The shape of the vn distributions is consistent with Gaussian fluctuations in central collisions for v2 and over the measured centrality range for v3 and v4. When these distributions are rescaled to the same 〈vn〉, the resulting shapes are similar for pT>1GeV and 0.5<pT<1GeV. The shape of the eccentricity distributions from Glauber and the MC-KLN models fail to describe the shape of the vn distributions over the full centrality range
On the universality of cross sections of hadron–hadron (nuclei) collisions at superhigh energies

AbstractWe analyze the interplay of the hard and soft interaction dynamics in the onset of the black body limit in the high energy hadron–hadron and hadron–nucleus collisions. We demonstrate that hard interactions of large x partons with the strong small x gluon fields result in a faster increase of the range of the impact parameters where interaction reaches the unitarity limit. At superhigh energies, far above the Greizen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin limit, the radius of hadronic interactions, proportional to ln(s/s0), significantly exceeds static radii of the interacting hadrons (nuclei) and the dependence of the high energy elastic hadron–hadron scattering cross section on the impact parameter b becomes universal leading to the ratios of total cross sections of hadron–hadron, hadron–nucleus, nucleus–nucleus collisions becoming equal to one. The same universality is also expected for the ratio of structure functions: F2A(x,Q2)/F2N(x,Q2)→1 at very small x. We analyze how increase of the interaction radii with energy changes the energy dependence of total, absorption and inelastic cross sections, and the distribution over the number of wounded nucleons in proton–nucleus collisions
Evaluation of the criteria for the interpretation of the oral glucose tolerance test in the National Mother-Child Teaching Hospital “San Bartolome”

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and alterations in microcirculation. We evaluate the criteria for the interpretation of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño “San Bartolomé” in Lima, Peru, and determine the percentages of pre-diabetic patients, diabetics that should not be included in the test, and those with alterations in their glucose curve during the biochemical determinations.To this purpose, a non-experimental, prospective cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 1271 patients, included in the study to comply with the guidelines and recommendations of the ADA and the CLSI POCT12-A3 guide, which were processed in the Biochemical Autoanalyzer Biosystems A25. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical analyzer, and respecting ethical diabetics.The main results are 1.97% diabetic and 13.85% pre-diabetic. The LJ phenomenon occurred with 6.45% (alteration in glucose curve after oral load decreases plasma glucose concentration determination after 60min and returns at relatively higher than the basal concentration levels at 180min) and 5.19% were poorly studied, including a >110mg/dl baseline (p=<0.05). We determined a high rate of pre-diabetic patients and a reduced rate of diabetes coincident with Qiao et al. We highlight the usefulness of the OGTT, which must be rigorously evaluated, and reaffirm the importance of the LJ phenomenon as it may interfere with the final results of unsolved events, and evidence the importance of interindividual biological variability
Supersymmetric Chern–Simons theory in presence of a boundary in the light-like direction

AbstractIn this paper, we will analyze a three dimensional supersymmetric Chern–Simons theory on a manifold with a boundary. The boundary we will consider in this paper will be defined by n⋅x=0, where n is a light-like vector. It will be demonstrated that this boundary is preserved under the action of the SIM(1) subgroup of the Lorentz group. Furthermore, the presence of this boundary will break half of the supersymmetry of the original theory. As the original Chern–Simons theory had N=1 supersymmetry in absence of a boundary, it will only have N=1/2 supersymmetry in presence of this boundary. We will also observe that the Chern–Simons theory can be made gauge invariant by introducing new degrees of freedom on the boundary. The gauge transformation of these new degrees of freedom will exactly cancel the boundary term obtained from the gauge transformation of the Chern–Simons theory
Search for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions using dijet angular distributions in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA search is presented for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV using dijet angular distributions. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 collected by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Dijet angular distributions are found to be in agreement with the perturbative QCD predictions that include electroweak corrections. Limits on the contact interaction scale from a variety of models at next-to-leading order in QCD corrections are obtained. A benchmark model in which only left-handed quarks participate is excluded up to a scale of 9.0 (11.7) TeV for destructive (constructive) interference at 95% confidence level. Lower limits between 5.9 and 8.4 TeV on the scale of virtual graviton exchange are extracted for the Arkani-Hamed–Dimopoulos–Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions
Birth-cohort trends in older-age functional disability and their relationship with socio-economic status: Evidence from a pooling of repeated cross-sectional population-based studies for the UK

AbstractWe examine birth-cohort trends behind recent changes in the prevalence of functional disability in the older population living in private households in the United Kingdom (UK). By using three different socio-economic indicators available in the nationally representative cross-sectional data on older individuals interviewed between 2002 and 2012 in the Family Resource Survey (FRS) (96,733 respondents), we investigate the extent to which the overall trends have been more favourable among more advantaged than disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.Compared to the cohort of people born in 1924, successive cohorts of older men have lower odds of having at least one functional difficulty (FD), whereas no significant trend was found for women. Among people with at least one FD, however, the number of disabilities increases for each successive cohort of older women (incidence rate ratio 1.027, 95% confidence interval 1.023 to 1.031, P < 0.001) and men (incidence rate ratio 1.028, 95% confidence interval 1.024 to 1.033, P < 0.001). By allowing interactions between birth cohort and SES indicators, a significant increasing cohort trend in the number of reported FDs was found among older men and women at lower SES, whereas an almost stable pattern was observed at high SES. Our results suggest that the overall slightly increasing birth-cohort trend in functional difficulties observed among current cohorts of older people in the UK hides underlying increases among low SES individuals and a relative small reduction among high SES individuals. Further studies are needed to understand the causes of such trends and to propose appropriate interventions. However, if the SES differentials in trends in FDs observed in the past continue, this could have important implications for the future costs of the public system of care and support for people with care needs
Analysis of the $Wtb$ vertex from the measurement of triple-differential
  angular decay rates of single top quarks produced in the $t$-channel at
  $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The electroweak production and subsequent decay of single top quarks in the
$t$-channel is determined by the properties of the $Wtb$ vertex, which can be
described by the complex parameters of an effective Lagrangian. An analysis of
a triple-differential decay rate in $t$-channel production is used to
simultaneously determine five generalised helicity fractions and phases, as
well as the polarisation of the produced top quark. The complex parameters are
then constrained. This analysis is based on 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton
collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS
detector at the LHC. The fraction of decays containing transversely polarised
$W$ bosons is measured to be $f_1=0.30 \pm 0.05$. The phase between amplitudes
for transversely and longitudinally polarised $W$ bosons recoiling against
left-handed $b$-quarks, is measured to be $\delta_- =
0.002\pi^{+0.016\pi}_{-0.017\pi}$, giving no indication of CP violation. The
fraction of longitudinal or transverse $W$ bosons accompanied by right-handed
$b$-quarks are also constrained. Based on these measurements, limits are placed
at 95% C.L. on the ratio of the complex coupling parameters
Re$[g_\mathrm{R}/V_\mathrm{L}] \in [-0.12,0.17]$ and
Im$[g_\mathrm{R}/V_\mathrm{L}] \in [-0.07,0.06]$. Constraints are also placed
on the ratios $|V_\mathrm{R}/V_\mathrm{L}|$ and $|g_\mathrm{L}/V_\mathrm{L}|$.
In addition, the polarisation of single top quarks in the $t$-channel is
constrained to be $P > 0.72$ (95% C.L.). None of the above measurements make
assumptions on the value of any of the other parameters or couplings and all of
them are in agreement with the Standard Model.Comment: 40 pages plus author list + cover pages (57 pages total), 13 figures,
  2 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2015-1
GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - VII. Sample selection
  and spectroscopy

The populations of both quiescent and actively star-forming galaxies at 1<z<2
are still under-represented in our spectroscopic census of galaxies throughout
the history of the Universe. In the light of galaxy formation models, however,
the evolution of galaxies at these redshifts is of pivotal importance and
merits further investigation. We therefore designed a spectroscopic observing
campaign of a sample of both massive, quiescent and star-forming galaxies at
z>1.4, called Galaxy Mass Assembly ultra-deep Spectroscopic Survey (GMASS). To
determine redshifts and physical properties, such as metallicity, dust content,
dynamical masses, and star formation history, we performed ultra-deep
spectroscopy with the red-sensitive optical spectrograph FORS2 at the VLT. Our
sample consists of objects, within the CDFS/GOODS area, detected at 4.5 micron,
to be sensitive to stellar mass rather than star formation intensity. The
spectroscopic targets were selected with a photometric redshift constraint
(z>1.4) and magnitude constraints (B(AB)<26, I(AB)<26.5), which should ensure
that these are faint, distant, and fairly massive galaxies. We present the
sample selection, survey design, observations, data reduction, and
spectroscopic redshifts. Up to 30 hours of spectroscopy of 174 spectroscopic
targets and 70 additional objects enabled us to determine 210 redshifts, of
which 145 are at z>1.4. From the redshifts and photometry, we deduce that the
BzK selection criteria are efficient (82%) and suffer low contamination (11%).
Several papers based on the GMASS survey show its value for studies of galaxy
formation and evolution. We publicly release the redshifts and reduced spectra.
In combination with existing and on-going additional observations in
CDFS/GOODS, this data set provides a legacy for future studies of distant
galaxies.Comment: Accepted by A&A in August 2012, 45 pages, public release of reduced
  spectra currently on www.mpe.mpg.de/~kurk/gmas
Vulnerability to stress and quality of life of women with urinary incontinence.

Female urinary incontinence is a common condition with a relevant impact in the quality of life. The treatment is now possible for a significant number of cases. The purpose of this study is identify the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence and analise the influence of vulnerability to stress and the impact of incontinence on quality of life. This is an exploratory and correlational study, with 200 participants suffering from incontinence who reported urine loss at least once a week in the previous
3 months. The data collection protocol was a questionnaire which allowed for the socio-demographic characterization of the sample. It included the scales of impact of urinary incontinence (UCIQ-SF), KHQ and vulnerability to stress (23 QVS). The average age is 58.42 years (sd = 11.52). The sample presents a moderate quality of life in all areas. Predictor factors of overall quality of life are urge urinary incontinence, the dramatization of existence and deprivation of affection and rejection concerning the vulnerability to stress. Given the results, it is important to alert the female population for the prevention of urinary incontinence, due to the negative impact on quality of life and as a limiting factor in the activities of daily living
Gender Differences in Behavioral Regulation in Four Societies: The U.S., Taiwan, South Korea, and China

This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript. The version of record is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found here: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/early-childhood-research-quarterly/The current study investigates gender differences in behavioral regulation in four societies: the United States, Taiwan, South Korea, and China. Directly assessed individual behavioral regulation(Head–Toes–Knees–Shoulders, HTKS), teacher-rated classroom behavioral regulation (Child Behavior Rating Scale, CBRS) and a battery of school readiness assessments (mathematics, vocabulary, and early literacy) were used with 814 young children (ages 3–6 years). Results showed that girls in the United States had significantly higher individual behavioral regulation than boys, but there were no significant gender differences in any Asian societies. In contrast, teachers in Taiwan, South Korea, as well as the United States rated girls as significantly higher than boys on classroom behavioral regulation. In addition, for both genders, individual and classroom behavioral regulation were related to many aspects of school readiness in all societies for girls and boys. Universal and culturally specific findings and their implications are discussed