pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An integrated agro-ecosystem and livelihood systems approach for the poor and vulnerable in dry areas

More than 400 million people in the developing world depend on dryland agriculture for their livelihoods. Dryland agriculture involves a complex combination of productive components: staple crops, vegetables, livestock, trees and fish interacting principally with rangeland, cultivated areas and watercourses. Managing risk and enhancing productivity through diversification and sustainable intensification is critical to securing and improving rural livelihoods. The main biophysical constraints are natural resource limitations and degradation, particularly water scarcity and encroaching desertification. Social and economic limitations, such as poor access to markets and inputs, weak governance and lack of information about alternative production technologies also limit the options available to farmers. Past efforts to address these constraints by focusing on individual components have either not been successful or are now facing a declining rate of impact, indicating the need for new integrated approaches to research for development of dryland systems. This article outlines the characteristics of such an approach, integrating agro-ecosystem and livelihoods approaches and presents a range of empirical examples of its application in dryland contexts. The authors draw attention to new insights about the design of research required to accelerate impact by integrating across disciplines and scales
Variational transition-state theory study of the atmospheric reaction OH + O3 → HO2+ O 2

We report variational transition-state theory calculations for the OH + O3rarr HO2 + O2 reaction based on the recently reported double many-body expansion potential energy surface for ground-state HO4 [Chem Phys Lett 2000, 331, 474]. The barrier height of 1.884 kcal mol-1 is comparable to the value of 1.77-2.0 kcal mol-1 suggested by experimental measurements, both much smaller than the value of 2.16-5.11 kcal mol-1 predicted by previous ab initio calculations. The calculated rate constant shows good agreement with available experimental results and a previous theoretical dynamics prediction, thus implying that the previous ab initio calculations will significantly underestimate the rate constant. Variational and tunneling effects are found to be negligible over the temperature range 100-2000 K. The O1-O2 bond is shown to be spectator like during the reactive process, which confirms a previous theoretical dynamics prediction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 148-153, 2007http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.2022
Does the trade balance really matter for regions?

Abstract  This paper explores the reasons why regional economics and policymaking do not focus on the regional balance of payments, although relevant imbalances – comparing with countries – may arise. The main purpose of the paper is, on one hand, to gauge the importance of these external imbalances in regional economies, with that concept being confined to the trade (goods and services) account. Notwithstanding the limited data available, empirical evidence for EU regions is put forward to supporting the idea that regions meet more frequently trade imbalances of relevant size than those faced by countries. Discussion centers as well on why regions can run wider trade deficits than nations and it is argued that as regions avoid sustainability constraints they may even benefit from those imbalances.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-006-0091-
What Have We Learned about the Employment Effects of Severance Pay? Further Iterations of Lazear Et al.

Abstract  In this study we examine the effect of severance pay on employment and unemployment, using data on industrialized OECD countries. Our starting point is Lazear’s [(1990) Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, 699–726] dictum that severance payment requirements unfavorably impact the labor market. We extend his sample period and add to his parsimonious specification a variety of fixed and time-varying labor market institutions. While the positive effect of severance pay on unemployment garners some support, there is no real indication of adverse effects in respect of the other employment outcomes identified here, namely, the employment-population ratio, the labor force participation rate, and long-term unemployment. Moreover, with the possible exception of collective bargaining coordination, the role of institutions is also more muted than suggested in the literature.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-005-4934-
Population studies and carrageenan properties of Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta)

Features of an intertidal population of Chondracanthus teedei var. lusitanicus, which occurs in sandy basins on rocky shores of part of the Portuguese coast (Buarcos, Figueira da Foz), were studied over one year. Biomass and plant size showed a small increase in early spring (April), a marked increase in early summer (June/July) and were at a minimum in late summer. There was generally more tetrasporophytes (4–32.5%) than female gametophytes (3–29%), which contrasts with other geographical regions where C. teedei populations have been studied, such as Brazil and France. However, non-fructified thalli predominated throughout the year. Phycocolloid extracts were compared for the various stages using spectroscopic methods (FTIR, FT-Raman, 1H- and 13C-NMR). These showed a hybrid carrageenan belonging to the lambda family in the tetrasporophyte and a hybrid kappa-iota-mu-nu carrageenan in the female gametophyte and non-fructified thalli. The average phycocolloid content was 34.9% dry weight, with a maximum of 43.6% in July. The combination of high available biomass and phycocolloid content makes this species a potentially important source of kappa/iota hybrid carrageenan in Portugal additional to the traditionally harvested carrageenophytes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JAPH.0000047948.11892.6
Exploring the offshore wind energy potential of Turkey based on multi-criteria site selection

Wind energy is the leading form of non-hydro renewable energy source in terms of installed capacity in Turkey. It is among the most promising option for Turkey to decrease the energy dependence of external primary energy resources such as national gas and oil that diversifies the domestic share of energy sources in the national energy mix. However, offshore wind energy deployment has not gained satisfactory attention even though the country is surrounded by seas on three of its sides. Exploring Turkey's offshore wind power potential becomes an important task to serve this energy policy. This study presents a methodological framework for finding the most suitable offshore wind farm locations, meeting various multi-layer site selection criteria. The offshore wind energy resource is first assessed using the wind energy potential for 55 coastal regions where the nearshore meteorological stations are available in Turkey. Following on this analysis, a multi-criteria site selection work is carried out to identify the most suitable areas for offshore wind development. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) is then used to conduct statistical analysis to identify the most promising offshore wind farm locations. According to the pre-processing step of the framework, Bozcaada, Bandirma, Gokceada, Inebolu, and Samandag coastlines are found to be the most suitable locations for offshore wind farm development. Finally, the offshore wind energy potential of Turkey is estimated by using the micro-sitting configuration of wind turbines, considering sea depth, main wind direction, and distance to shore for the most feasible project locations. It is found that total estimated offshore wind power capacity at the specified sites is 1,629 MW
Discernment of bee pollen loads using computer vision and one-class classification techniques

In this paper, we propose a system for authenticating local bee pollen against fraudulent samples using image processing and classification techniques. Our system is based on the colour properties of bee pollen loads and the use of one-class classifiers to reject unknown pollen samples. The latter classification techniques allow us to tackle the major difficulty of the problem, the existence of many possible fraudulent pollen types. Also presented is a multi-classifier model with an ambiguity discovery process to fuse the output of the one-class classifiers. The method is validated by authenticating Spanish bee pollen types, the overall accuracy of the final system of being 94%. Therefore, the system is able to rapidly reject the non-local pollen samples with inexpensive hardware and without the need to send the product to the laboratory
Optimization of AlN thin layers on diamond substrates for high frequency SAW resonators

AlN/diamond heterostructures are very promising for high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators. In their design, the thickness of the piezoelectric film is one of the key parameters. On the other hand, the film material quality and, hence, the device performance, also depend on that thickness. In this work, polished microcrystalline diamond substrates have been used to deposit AlN films by reactive sputtering, from 150 nm up to 3 μm thick. A high degree of the c-axis orientation has been obtained in all cases. SAW one port resonators at high frequency have been fabricated on these films with a proper combination of the film thickness and transducer size
Nonabelian Bosonization as a Nonholonomic Transformations from Flat to
  Curved Field Space

There exists a simple rule by which path integrals for the motion of a point
particle in a flat space can be transformed correctly into those in curved
space. This rule arose from well-established methods in the theory of plastic
deformations, where crystals with defects are described mathematically by
applying nonholonomic coordinate transformations to ideal crystals. In the
context of time-sliced path integrals, this has given rise to a {\em quantum
equivalence principle\/} which determines the measure of fluctating orbits in
spaces with curvature and torsion. The nonholonomic transformations are
accompanied by a nontrivial Jacobian which in curved spaces produces an
additional energy proportional to the curvature scalar, thereby canceling an
equal term found earlier by DeWitt from a naive formulation of Feynman's
time-sliced path integral in curved space. The importance of this cancelation
has been documented in various systems (H-atom, particle on the surface of a
sphere, spinning top). Here we point out its relevance in the process of
bosonizing a nonabelian one-dimensional quantum field theory, whose fields live
in a flat field space. Its bosonized version is a quantum-mechanical path
integral of a point particle moving in a space with constant curvature. The
additional term introduced by the Jacobian is crucial for the identity between
original and bosonized theory.
  A useful bozonization tool is the so-called Hubbard-Stratonovich formula for
which we find a nonabelian version
A calcium ion in a cavity as a controlled single-photon source

We present a single calcium ion, coupled to a high-finesse cavity, as an almost ideal system for the controlled generation of single photons. Photons from a pump beam are Raman-scattered by the ion into the cavity mode, which subsequently emits the photon into a well-defined output channel. In contrast with comparable atomic systems, the ion is localized at a fixed position in the cavity mode for indefinite times, enabling truly continuous operation of the device. We have performed numeric calculations to assess the performance of the system and present the first experimental indication of single-photon emission in our set-up
Characteristics of silicon nanocrystals for photovoltaic\ud
applications

Over the last decade the progress in amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) for photovoltaic applications received significant interest in science and technology.Advances in the understanding of these novel materials and their properties are growing rapidly. In order to realise nc-Si in the solar cell, a thicker intrinsic layer is required. Due to the indirect band gap in the crystallites, the absorption coefficients of nc-Si are much lower. In this work we have used electrochemical etching techniques to produce silicon nanocrystals of the sizes 3–5 nm. Viable drop cast deposition of Si nanocrystals to increase the thickness without compromising the material properties was investigated by atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy and optical absorption methods
Heterotic T-folds with a small number of neutral moduli

We discuss non-geometric supersymmetric heterotic string models in D=4, in the framework of the free fermionic construction. We perform a systematic scan of models with four a priori left-right asymmetric Z2 projections and shifts. We analyze some 220 models, identifying 18 inequivalent classes and addressing variants generated by discrete torsions. They do not contain geometrical or trivial neutral moduli, apart from the dilaton. However, we show the existence of flat directions in the form of exactly marginal deformations and identify patterns of symmetry breaking where product gauge groups, realized at level one, are broken to their diagonal at higher level. We also describe an “inverse Gepner map” from Heterotic to Type II models that could be used, in certain non geometric settings, to define “effective” topological invariants
Obtaining an intermediate band photovoltaic material through the Bi insertion in CdTe

Defect interaction can take place in CdTe under Te and Bi rich conditions. We demonstrate in this work through first principles calculations, that this phenomenon allows a Jahn Teller distortion to form an isolated half-filled intermediate band in the host semiconductor band-gap. This delocalized energy band supports the experimental deep level reported in the host band-gap of CdTe at a low bismuth concentration. Furthermore, the calculated optical absorption of CdTe:Bi in this work shows a significant subband-gap absorption that also supports the enhancement of the optical absorption found in the previous experimental results
Genetic algorithms and Gaussian Bayesian networks to uncover the predictive core set of bibliometric indices

The diversity of bibliometric indices today poses the\ud
challenge of exploiting the relationships among them.\ud
Our research uncovers the best core set of relevant\ud
indices for predicting other bibliometric indices. An\ud
added difficulty is to select the role of each variable, that\ud
is, which bibliometric indices are predictive variables\ud
and which are response variables. This results in a novel\ud
multioutput regression problem where the role of each\ud
variable (predictor or response) is unknown beforehand.\ud
We use Gaussian Bayesian networks to solve the this\ud
problem and discover multivariate relationships among\ud
bibliometric indices. These networks are learnt by a\ud
genetic algorithm that looks for the optimal models that\ud
best predict bibliometric data. Results show that the\ud
optimal induced Gaussian Bayesian networks corroborate\ud
previous relationships between several indices, but\ud
also suggest new, previously unreported interactions.\ud
An extended analysis of the best model illustrates that a\ud
set of 12 bibliometric indices can be accurately predicted\ud
using only a smaller predictive core subset composed\ud
of citations, g-index, q2-index, and hr-index. This\ud
research is performed using bibliometric data on\ud
Spanish full professors associated with the computer\ud
science area
A Compact Formula for the Derivative of a 3-D Rotation in Exponential Coordinates

We present a compact formula for the derivative of a 3-D rotation matrix with respect to its exponential coordinates. A geometric interpretation of the resulting expression is provided, as well as its agreement with other less-compact but better-known formulas. To the best of our knowledge, this simpler formula does not appear anywhere in the literature. We hope by providing this more compact expression to alleviate the common pressure to reluctantly resort to alternative representations in various computational applications simply as a means to avoid the complexity of differential analysis in exponential coordinates
Biomass and essential oil yields of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.

The aim of this study is to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Field tests were carried out under irrigation conditions, harvesting when 70% flowering was reached (in the summer and at the end of the winter seasons). Essential oil yields were 2% in the first cut and 1.6% in the second cut, respectively, the major constituents of the essential oil being menthol, menthone, isomenthone and menthofuran. In both cases, a high concentration of menthol was obtained, although during the winter the content decreased, increasing the concentration of menthofuran. It is concluded that during the summer a higher yield and better quality of essential oil are produced
A simple reactive-transport model of calcite precipitation in soils and other porous media

Calcite formation in soils and other porous media generally occurs around a localised source of reactants, such as a plant root or soil macro-pore, and the rate depends on the transport of reactants to and from the precipitation zone as well as the kinetics of the precipitation reaction itself. However most studies are made in well mixed systems, in which such transport limitations are largely removed. We developed a mathematical model of calcite precipitation near a source of base in soil, allowing for transport limitations and precipitation kinetics. We tested the model against experimentally-determined rates of calcite precipitation and reactant concentration–distance profiles in columns of soil in contact with a layer of HCO3−-saturated exchange resin. The model parameter values were determined independently. The agreement between observed and predicted results was satisfactory given experimental limitations, indicating that the model correctly describes the important processes. A sensitivity analysis showed that all model parameters are important, indicating a simpler treatment would be inadequate. The sensitivity analysis showed that the amount of calcite precipitated and the spread of the precipitation zone were sensitive to parameters controlling rates of reactant transport (soil moisture content, salt content, pH, pH buffer power and CO2 pressure), as well as to the precipitation rate constant. We illustrate practical applications of the model with two examples: pH changes and CaCO3 precipitation in the soil around a plant root, and around a soil macro-pore containing a source of base such as urea
Host rather than graft origin of Matrigel-induced adipose tissue in the murine tissue-engineering chamber

We have recently shown that Matrigel-filled chambers containing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and placed around an epigastric pedicle in the mouse were highly adipogenic. Contact of this construct with pre-existing tissue or a free adipose graft was required. To further investigate the mechanisms underpinning formation of new adipose tissue, we seeded these chambers with human adipose biopsies and human adipose-derived cell populations in severe combined immunodeficient mice and assessed the origin of the resultant adipose tissue after 6 weeks using species-specific probes. The tissues were negative for human-specific vimentin labeling, suggesting that the fat originates from the murine host rather than the human graft. This was supported by the strong presence of mouse-specific Cot-1 deoxyribonucleic acid labeling, and the absence of human Cot-1 labeling in the new fat. Even chambers seeded with FGF2/Matrigel containing cultured human stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) labeled strongly only for human vimentin in cells that did not have a mature adipocyte phenotype; the newly formed fat tissue was negative for human vimentin. These findings indicate that grafts placed in the chamber have an inductive function for neo-adipogenesis, rather than supplying adipocyte-precursor cells to generate the new fat tissue, and preliminary observations implicate the SVF in producing inductive factors. This surprising finding opens the door for refinement of current adipose tissue-engineering approaches
Temporal Effects in the Growth of Networks

We show that to explain the growth of the citation network by preferential attachment (PA), one has to accept that individual nodes exhibit heterogeneous fitness values that decay with time. While previous PA-based models assumed either heterogeneity or decay in isolation, we propose a simple analytically treatable model that combines these two factors. Depending on the input assumptions, the resulting degree distribution shows an exponential, log-normal or power-law decay, which makes the model an apt candidate for modeling a wide range of real systems
Uplifting the baryonic branch: a test for backreacting anti-D3-branes

Placing D3 or anti-D3-branes at the tip of the Klebanov-Strassler background results in uplifting the baryonic branch of the moduli space of the dual field theory. In this paper we derive a mass formula for the scalar particle associated with the motion along the baryonic branch, from both open and closed string points of view. We show that both methods give the same mass at linear order in number of (anti)D3-branes, thus providing a comprehensive check for the recently found linearized supergravity solution describing backreacting anti-D3-branes at the tip
Effective theory of black holes in the 1/D expansion

The gravitational field of a black hole is strongly localized near its horizon when the number of dimensions D is very large. In this limit, we can effectively replace the black hole with a surface in a background geometry (e.g. Minkowski or Anti-deSitter space). The Einstein equations determine the effective equations that this ‘black hole surface’ (or membrane) must satisfy. We obtain them up to next-to-leading order in 1/D for static black holes of the Einstein-(A)dS theory. To leading order, and also to next order in Minkowski backgrounds, the equations of the effective theory are the same as soap-film equations, possibly up to a redshift factor. In particular, the Schwarzschild black hole is recovered as a spherical soap bubble. Less trivially, we find solutions for ‘black droplets’, i.e. black holes localized at the boundary of AdS, and for non-uniform black strings
PCDD/Fs in sediments of Central Vietnam coastal lagoons: In search of TCDD

Samples from nine Central Vietnam coastal lagoons, together with three soils and sediments collected in 24
two freshwater reservoirs of the Thua Thien-Hué province, were analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p- 25
dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Total concentrations are low, from 192 to 2912 pg g1 and depth 26
profiles in Tam Giang-Cau Hai (TG-CH) sediment cores show only minor changes over time in PCDD/F 27
input and composition. Octachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) is the prevailing congener (approximately 28
90%), indicating combustion as the main PCDD/F source to these coastal systems, whereas natural forma- 29
tion might be partly responsible for the presence at depth. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 30
largely sprayed together with Agent Orange over the study areas during the war (1961–1971), is absent 31
or very low. This result supports the hypothesis of strong degradation soon after spraying. Multivariate 32
statistical analyses account for the presence of local, short-range sources as observed in the northern part 33
of the TG-CH lagoon