pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is an idiopathic mental disorder with a heritable component and a substantial public health impact. We conducted a multi-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) for schizophrenia beginning with a Swedish national sample (5,001 cases and 6,243 controls) followed by meta-Analysis with previous schizophrenia GWAS (8,832 cases and 12,067 controls) and finally by replication of SNPs in 168 genomic regions in independent samples (7,413 cases, 19,762 controls and 581 parent-offspring trios). We identified 22 loci associated at genome-wide significance; 13 of these are new, and 1 was previously implicated in bipolar disorder. Examination of candidate genes at these loci suggests the involvement of neuronal calcium signaling. We estimate that 8,300 independent, mostly common SNPs (95% credible interval of 6,300-10,200 SNPs) contribute to risk for schizophrenia and that these collectively account for at least 32% of the variance in liability. Common genetic variation has an important role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and larger studies will allow more detailed understanding of this disorder
The spectral data for Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori in R^4

This article determines the spectral data, in the integrable systems sense,
for all weakly conformally immersed Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian in
$\R^4$. This enables us to describe their moduli space and the locus of branch
points of such an immersion. This is also an informative example in integrable
systems geometry, since the group of ambient isometries acts non-trivially on
the spectral data and the relevant energy functional (the area) need not be
constant under deformations by higher flows.Comment: 30 pages. Version 3: a complete rewrite of version 2 with new results
  and two significant correction
The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Survey V. Optical identification of the
  XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS)

We present the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS), including a total
of 318 X-ray sources found among the serendipitous content of 25 XMM-Newton
target fields. The XMS comprises four largely overlapping source samples
selected at soft (0.5-2 keV), intermediate (0.5-4.5 keV), hard (2-10 keV) and
ultra-hard (4.5-7.5 keV) bands, the first three of them being flux-limited. We
report on the optical identification of the XMS samples, complete to 85-95%. At
the intermediate flux levels sampled by the XMS we find that the X-ray sky is
largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei. The fraction of stars in soft
X-ray selected samples is below 10%, and only a few per cent for hard selected
samples. We find that the fraction of optically obscured objects in the AGN
population stays constant at around 15-20% for soft and intermediate band
selected X-ray sources, over 2 decades of flux. The fraction of obscured
objects amongst the AGN population is larger (~35-45%) in the hard or
ultra-hard selected samples, and constant across a similarly wide flux range.
The distribution in X-ray-to-optical flux ratio is a strong function of the
selection band, with a larger fraction of sources with high values in hard
selected samples. Sources with X-ray-to-optical flux ratios in excess of 10 are
dominated by obscured AGN, but with a significant contribution from unobscured
AGN.Comment: A&A, accepte
Analyticity for Multi-Regge Limits of the Bern-Dixon-Smirnov Amplitudes

As a consequence of the AdS/CFT correspondence, planar ${\cal N} =4$ super
Yang-Mills SU(N) theory is expected to exhibit stringy behavior and multi-Regge
asymptotic. In this paper we extend our recent investigation to consider issues
of analyticity, a central feature of Regge asymptotics. We contrast flat-space
open string theory in the planar limit with the ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills
theory, as represented by the Bern, Dixon and Smirnov \cite{Bern:2005iz} (BDS)
conjecture for n-gluon scattering, believed to be exact for $n=4,5$ and
modified only by a function of cross-ratios for $n\geq 6$. It is emphasized
that multi-Regge factorization should be applied to trajectories with definite
signature. A variety of analyticity and factorization constraints realized in
flat space string theory are not satisfied by the BDS conjecture, at least when
the exponential factors are truncate in the infra-red regulator below
$O(\epsilon)$.Comment: Published version of the paper, which includes an expanded discussion
  on Steinmann Relation for 5-point function, (sect. 4.3 and footnotes #9 and
  #10) as well as additional clarifying comments on how this work compares to
  other recent related works in the concluding section. 74 pages, 17 figure
Point sets that minimize $(\le k)$-edges, 3-decomposable drawings, and
  the rectilinear crossing number of $K_{30}$

There are two properties shared by all known crossing-minimizing geometric
drawings of $K_n$, for $n$ a multiple of 3. First, the underlying $n$-point set
of these drawings has exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges, for all $0\le
k < n/3$. Second, all such drawings have the $n$ points divided into three
groups of equal size; this last property is captured under the concept of
3-decomposability. In this paper we show that these properties are tightly
related: every $n$-point set with exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges for
all $0\le k < n/3$, is 3-decomposable. As an application, we prove that the
rectilinear crossing number of $K_{30}$ is 9726.Comment: 14 page
Toda chains with type A_m Lie algebra for multidimensional m-component
  perfect fluid cosmology

We consider a D-dimensional cosmological model describing an evolution of
Ricci-flat factor spaces, M_1,...M_n (n > 2), in the presence of an m-component
perfect fluid source (n > m > 1). We find characteristic vectors, related to
the matter constants in the barotropic equations of state for fluid components
of all factor spaces.
  We show that, in the case where we can interpret these vectors as the root
vectors of a Lie algebra of Cartan type A_m=sl(m+1,C), the model reduces to the
classical open m-body Toda chain.
  Using an elegant technique by Anderson (J. Math. Phys. 37 (1996) 1349) for
solving this system, we integrate the Einstein equations for the model and
present the metric in a Kasner-like form.Comment: LaTeX, 2 ps figure
W pair production cross-section and W branching fractions in e+e-
  interactions at 189 GeV

The cross-section for the process e+e- -> W+W- has been measured with the
data sample collected by DELPHI at an average centre-of-mass energy of 189 GeV
and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 155 pb^{-1}. Based on the 2392
events selected as WW candidates, the cross-section for the doubly resonant
process e+e- -> W+W- has been measured to be 15.83 +- 0.38 (stat) +- 0.20
(syst) pb. The branching fractions of the W decay were also measured and found
to be in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. From these a value
of the CKM mixing matrix element |V_{cs}| = 1.001 +- 0.040 (stat) +- 0.020
(syst) was derived.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Measurements of Six-Body Hadronic Decays of the D^0 Charmed Meson

Using data collected by the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab, we report the
discovery of the decay modes D^0 --> K- pi+ pi+ pi+ pi- pi- and D^0 --> pi+ pi+
pi+ pi- pi- pi-. With a sample of 48 +/- 10 reconstructed D^0 --> K- pi+ pi+
pi+ pi- pi- decays and 149 +/- 17 reconstructed D^0 --> pi+ pi+ pi+ pi- pi- pi-
decays, we measure the following relative branching ratios:
  ${\Gamma (D^0 \to K^- \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^-) / \Gamma (D^0 \to K^-
\pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^-)} = (2.70 \pm 0.58 \pm 0.38) \times 10^{-3}$
  ${\Gamma (D^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^- \pi^-) / \Gamma (D^0 \to K^-
\pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^-)} = (5.23 \pm 0.59 \pm 1.35) \times 10^{-3}$
  ${\Gamma (D^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^- \pi^-) / \Gamma (D^0 \to K^-
\pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^-)} = 1.93 \pm 0.47 \pm 0.48$
  The first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. The branching
fraction of the Cabibbo suppressed six-body decay mode is measured to be a
factor of two higher than the branching fraction of the Cabibbo favored
six-body decay mode.Comment: To be submitted to Phys. Lett.
The Earth Mantle-Core Effect in Matter-Induced Asymmetries for
  Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations

Earth medium effects in the three-neutrino oscillations of atmospheric
neutrinos are observable under appropriate conditions. This paper generalizes
the study of the medium effects and the possibility of their observation in the
atmospheric neutrino oscillations from the case of neutrinos traversing only
the Earth mantle, where the density is essentially constant, to the case of
atmospheric neutrinos crossing also the Earth core. In the latter case new
resonance-like effects become apparent. We calculate the CPT-odd asymmetry for
the survival probability of muon neutrinos and the observable muon-charge
asymmetry, taking into account the different atmospheric neutrino fluxes, and
show the dependence of these asymmetries on the sign of $\Delta m^{2}_{3 1}$
and on the magnitude of the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$. A magnetized detector
with a sufficiently good neutrino momentum resolution is required for the
observation of the muon-charge asymmetry generated by the Earth mantle-core
effect.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Nuclear shadowing in neutrino-nucleus deeply inelastic scattering

In the framework of the collinear factorized pQCD approach we calculate the
small-$x_B$ process-dependent nuclear modification to the structure functions
measured in neutrino-nucleus deeply inelastic scattering. We include both heavy
quark mass corrections $(M^2/Q^2)$ and resummed nuclear-enhanced dynamical
power corrections in the quantity $(\xi^2/Q^2)(A^{1/3}-1)$ with $\xi^2$
evaluated to leading order in $\alpha_s$. Our formalism predicts a measurable
difference in the shadowing pattern of the structure functions $F_2^A(x_B,Q^2)$
and $F_3^A(x_B,Q^2)$ and a significant low- and moderate-$Q^2$ modification of
the QCD sum rules. We also comment on the relevance of our results to the NuTeV
extraction of $\sin^2\theta_W$.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX
Accretion from debris disks onto white dwarfs : Fingering (thermohaline)
  instability and derived accretion rates

Recent observations of a large number of DA and DB white dwarfs show evidence
of debris disks, which are the remnants of old planetary systems. The infrared
excess detected with \emph{Spitzer} and the lines of heavy elements observed in
their atmospheres with high-resolution spectroscopy converge on the idea that
planetary material accretes onto these stars. Accretion rates have been derived
by several authors with the assumption of a steady state between accretion and
gravitational settling. The results are unrealistically different for DA and DB
white dwarfs. When heavy matter is accreted onto stars, it induces an inverse
$\mu$-gradient that leads to fingering (thermohaline) convection. The aim of
this letter is to study the impact of this specific process on the derived
accretion rates in white dwarfs and on the difference between DA and DB. We
solve the diffusion equation for the accreted heavy elements with a
time-dependent method. The models we use have been obtained both with the IRAP
code, which computes static models, and the La Plata code, which computes
evolutionary sequences. Computations with pure gravitational settling are
compared with computations that include fingering convection. The most
important result is that fingering convection has very important effects on DAs
but is inefficient in DBs. When only gravitational settling is taken into
account, the time-dependent computations lead to a steady state, as postulated
by previous authors. When fingering convection is added, this steady state
occurs much later. The surprising difference found in the past for the
accretion rates derived for DA and DB white dwarfs disappears. The derived
accretion rates for DAs are increased when fingering convection is taken into
account, whereas those for DBs are not modified. More precise and developed
results will be given in a forthcoming paper
Novel T-Violation observable open to any pair of decay channels at meson
  factories

Quantum Entanglement between the two neutral mesons produced in meson
factories has allowed the first indisputable direct observation of Time
Reversal Violation in the time evolution of the neutral meson between the two
decays. The exceptional meson transitions are directly connected to
semileptonic and CP-eigenstate decay channels. The possibility of extending the
observable asymmetries to more decay channels confronts the problem of the
"orthogonality condition", which can be stated with this tongue-twister: Given
a decay channel $f$, Which is the decay channel $f'$ such that the meson state
not decaying to $f'$ is orthogonal to the meson state not decaying to $f$? In
this paper we propose an alternative $T$-Violation Asymmetry at meson factories
which allows its opening to any pair of decay channels. Instead of searching
which is the pair of decay channels associated to the $T$-reverse meson
transition, we build an asymmetry which tags the initial states of both the
Reference and the $T$-reverse meson transitions. This observable filters the
appropriate final states by means of two measurable survival probabilities. We
discuss the methodology to be followed in the analysis of the new observable
and the results expected in specific examples.Comment: 8 pages, no figures; minor change
M31 Pixel Lensing PLAN Campaign: MACHO Lensing and Self Lensing Signals

We present the final analysis of the observational campaign carried out by
the PLAN (Pixel Lensing Andromeda) collaboration to detect a dark matter signal
in form of MACHOs through the microlensing effect. The campaign consists of
about 1 month/year observations carried out during 4 years (2007-2010) at the
1.5m Cassini telescope in Loiano ("Astronomical Observatory of BOLOGNA", OAB)
plus 10 days of data taken in 2010 at the 2m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT)
monitoring the central part of M31 (two fields of about 13'x12.6'). We
establish a fully automated pipeline for the search and the characterization of
microlensing flux variations: as a result we detect 3 microlensing candidates.
We evaluate the expected signal through a full Monte Carlo simulation of the
experiment completed by an analysis of the detection efficiency of our
pipeline. We consider both "self lensing" and "MACHO lensing" lens populations,
given by M31 stars and dark matter halo MACHOs, in the M31 and the Milky Way
(MW), respectively. The total number of events is compatible with the expected
self-lensing rate. Specifically, we evaluate an expected signal of about 2
self-lensing events. As for MACHO lensing, for full 0.5 (0.01) solar mass MACHO
halos, our prediction is for about 4 (7) events. The comparatively small number
of expected MACHO versus self lensing events, together with the small number
statistics at disposal, do not enable us to put strong constraints on that
population. Rather, the hypothesis, suggested by a previous analysis, on the
MACHO nature of OAB-07-N2, one of the microlensing candidates, translates into
a sizeable lower limit for the halo mass fraction in form of the would be MACHO
population, f, of about 15% for 0.5 solar mass MACHOs.Comment: ApJ accepted, 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
Cosmic Birefringence Fluctuations and Cosmic Microwave Background
  $B$-mode Polarization

Recently, BICEP2 measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)
$B$-mode polarization has indicated the presence of primordial gravitational
waves at degree angular scales, inferring the tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r=0.2$
and a running scalar spectral index. In this {\em Letter}, we show that the
existence of the fluctuations of cosmological birefringence can give rise to
CMB $B$-mode polarization that fits BICEP2 data with $r<0.11$ and no running of
the scalar spectral index. Thus, it might be too hasty to conclude that many
inflation models with small $r$ are ruled out based on BICEP2 result.Comment: to match the version to be published in Phys. Lett. B that sets an
  upper limit on cosmic birefringence. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1307.629
An Analysis of Chandra Deep Follow-up GRBs: Implications for Off-Axis
  Jets

We present a sample of 27 GRBs with detailed Swift light curves supplemented
by late time Chandra observations. To answer the missing jet-break problem in
general, we develop a numerical simulation based model which can be directly
fit to the data using Monte Carlo methods. Our numerical model takes into
account all the factors that can shape a jet-break: (i) lateral expansion (ii)
edge effects and (iii) off-axis effects. Our results provide improved fits to
the light curves and constraints on physical parameters. More importantly, our
results suggest that off-axis effects are important and must be included in
interpretations of GRB jet breaks.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. ApJ in press. On-line figures (33 MB)
  can be found at https://psu.box.com/s/8o7vwenwkp7sidzebuywss9vvaqx69h
Brane-world and loop cosmology from a gravity-matter coupling
  perspective

We show that the effective brane-world and the loop quantum cosmology
background expansion histories can be reproduced from a modified gravity
perspective in terms of an $f(R)$ gravity action plus a $g(R)$ term
non-minimally coupled with the matter Lagrangian. The reconstruction algorithm
that we provide depends on a free function of the matter density that must be
specified in each case and allows to obtain analytical solutions always. In the
simplest cases, the function $f(R)$ is quadratic in the Ricci scalar, $R$,
whereas $g(R)$ is linear. Our approach is compared with recent results in the
literature. We show that working in the Palatini formalism there is no need to
impose any constraint that keeps the equations second-order, which is a key
requirement for the successful implementation of the reconstruction algorithm.Comment: 8 pages, revtex4-1 styl
Space-time evolution of heavy sterile neutrinos in cascade decays

Heavy sterile-like neutrinos may be produced resonantly from the decay of
pseudoscalar mesons and may decay into several different channels in a cascade
$\Phi \rightarrow L^\alpha \nu_h;\nu_h\rightarrow \{X\}$. In general these are
rare events with displaced vertices. We provide a non-perturbative and
manifestly unitary framework that describes the cascade decay and yields the
space-time evolution of the probabilities for sterile neutrinos, final states
and the total number of events at a far detector. The results are general,
valid for Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and only input the total decay rates and
branching ratios for the production and decay channels. We apply the general
results to two examples of "visible" decay: i) $K^+\rightarrow e^+
\nu_h\rightarrow (e^+) e^+ e^- \nu_e$ via a standard model charged current
vertex and ii) the radiative decay $K^+\rightarrow \mu^+ \nu_h \rightarrow
(\mu^+) \nu_a \gamma$. For this latter cascade process we find substantial
corrections to previous assessments within the parameter space argued to solve
the anomalous excess of electron-like events at MiniBooNE. These large
corrections may help relieve the tension with recent experimental bounds on
radiative decays of heavy sterile neutrinos.Comment: 22 pages, 7 fig
A comment on duality in N=1 supersymmetric non-abelian gauge theories

Recently N. Seiberg has shown that certain N=1 supersymmetric Yang -- Mills theories have the property that their infrared physics can be equivalently described by {\it two different} gauge theories, with the strong coupling region of one corresponding to the weak coupling region of the other. This duality leads to interesting results about the infrared dynamics of these theories. We generalize Seiberg's ideas to a new class of models for which a similar duality allows one to obtain rather detailed dynamical information about the long distance physics
Interacting fields of arbitrary spin and N $>$ 4 supersymmetric self-dual Yang-Mills equations

We show that the self-dual Yang-Mills equations afford supersymmetrisation to systems of equations invariant under global N-extended super-Poincar\'e transformations for arbitrary values of N, without the limitation (N\le 4) applicable to standard non-self-dual Yang-Mills theories. These systems of equations provide novel classically consistent interactions for vector supermultiplets containing fields of spin up to (N-2)/2. The equations of motion for the component fields of spin greater than 1/2 are interacting variants of the first-order Dirac--Fierz equations for zero rest-mass fields of arbitrary spin. The interactions are governed by conserved currents which are constructed by an iterative procedure. In (arbitrarily extended) chiral superspace, the equations of motion for the (arbitrarily large) self-dual supermultiplet are shown to be completely equivalent to the set of algebraic supercurvature constraints defining the self-dual superconnection
Rotating matter in general relativity - stationary state, 1

Stationary rotating matter configurations in general relativity are considered. A formalism for general stationary space times is developed. Axisymmetric systems are discussed by the use of a nonholonomic and nonrigid frame in the three-space of the time-like Killing trajectories. Two symmetric and trace-free tensors are constructed. They characterize a class of matter states in which both the interior Schwarzschild and the Kerr solution are contained. Consistency relations for this class of perfect fluids are derived. Incompressible fluids characterized by these tensors are investigated, and one differentially rotating solution is found
Evolution of twist-three parton distributions in QCD beyond the large $N_{c}$ limit

We formulate a consistent 1/N_c^2 expansion of the QCD evolution equations for the twist-three quark distributions g_2(x,Q^2), h_L(x,Q^2) and e(x,Q^2) based on the interpretation of the evolution as a three-particle quantum-mechanical problem with hermitian Hamiltonian. Each distribution amplitude can be decomposed in contributions of partonic components with DGLAP-type scale dependence. We calculate the 1/N_c^2 corrections to the evolution of the dominant component with the lowest anomalous dimension - the only one that survives in the large-N_c limit - and observe a good agreement with the exact numerical results for N_c=3. The 1/N_c^2 admixture of operators with higher anomalous dimensions is shown to be concentrated at a few lowest partonic components and in general is rather weak
New Lie-Algebraic and Quadratic Deformations of Minkowski Space from
  Twisted Poincare Symmetries

We consider two new classes of twisted D=4 quantum Poincar\'{e} symmetries
described as the dual pairs of noncocommutative Hopf algebras. Firstly we
investigate a two-parameter class of twisted Poincar\'{e} algebras which
provide the examples of Lie-algebraic noncommutativity of the translations. The
corresponding associative star-products and new deformed Lie-algebraic
Minkowski spaces are introduced. We discuss further the twist deformations of
Poincar\'{e} symmetries generated by the twist with its carrier in Lorentz
algebra. We describe corresponding deformed Poincar\'{e} group which provides
the quadratic deformations of translation sector and define the quadratically
deformed Minkowski space-time algebra.Comment: LaTeX 16 pages. The version which appear in PL