pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Wrath of god: religious primes and punishment

Recent evidence indicates that priming participants with religious concepts promotes prosocial sharing behaviour. In the present study, we investigated whether religious priming also promotes the costly punishment of unfair behaviour. A total of 304 participants played a punishment game. Before the punishment stage began, participants were subliminally primed with religion primes, secular punishment primes or control primes. We found that religious primes strongly increased the costly punishment of unfair behaviours for a subset of our participants—those who had previously donated to a religious organization. We discuss two proximate mechanisms potentially underpinning this effect. The first is a ‘supernatural watcher’ mechanism, whereby religious participants punish unfair behaviours when primed because they sense that not doing so will enrage or disappoint an observing supernatural agent. The second is a ‘behavioural priming’ mechanism, whereby religious primes activate cultural norms pertaining to fairness and its enforcement and occasion behaviour consistent with those norms. We conclude that our results are consistent with dual inheritance proposals about religion and cooperation, whereby religions harness the byproducts of genetically inherited cognitive mechanisms in ways that enhance the survival prospects of their adherents
Ontology-Based MEDLINE Document Classification

An increasing and overwhelming amount of biomedical information is available in the research literature mainly in the form of free-text. Biologists need tools that automate their information search and deal with the high volume and ambiguity of free-text. Ontologies can help automatic information processing by providing standard concepts and information about the relationships between concepts. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ontology is already available and used by MEDLINE indexers to annotate the conceptual content of biomedical articles. This paper presents a domain-independent method that uses the MeSH ontology inter-concept relationships to extend the existing MeSH-based representation of MEDLINE documents. The extension method is evaluated within a document triage task organized by the Genomics track of the 2005 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). Our method for extending the representation of documents leads to an improvement of 17% over a non-extended baseline in terms of normalized utility, the metric defined for the task. The SVMlight software is used to classify documents
Balancing groundwater conservation and rural livelihoods under water and climate uncertainties: An integrated hydro-economic modeling framework

In arid countries worldwide, social conflicts between irrigation-based human development and the conservation of aquatic ecosystems are widespread and attract many public debates. This research focuses on the analysis of water and agricultural policies aimed at conserving groundwater resources and maintaining rurallivelihoods in a basin in Spain's central arid region. Intensive groundwater mining for irrigation has caused overexploitation of the basin's large aquifer, the degradation of reputed wetlands and has given rise to notable social conflicts over the years. With the aim of tackling the multifaceted socio-ecological interactions of complex water systems, the methodology used in this study consists in a novel integration into a common platform of an economic optimization model and a hydrology model WEAP (Water Evaluation And Planning system). This robust tool is used to analyze the spatial and temporal effects of different water and agricultural policies under different climate scenarios. It permits the prediction of different climate and policy outcomes across farm types (water stress impacts and adaptation), at basin's level (aquifer recovery), and along the policies’ implementation horizon (short and long run). Results show that the region's current quota-based water policies may contribute to reduce water consumption in the farms but will not be able to recover the aquifer and will inflict income losses to the rural communities. This situation would worsen in case of drought. Economies of scale and technology are evidenced as larger farms with cropping diversification and those equipped with modern irrigation will better adapt to water stress conditions. However, the long-term sustainability of the aquifer and the maintenance of rurallivelihoods will be attained only if additional policy measures are put in place such as the control of illegal abstractions and the establishing of a water bank. Within the policy domain, the research contributes to the new sustainable development strategy of the EU by concluding that, in water-scarce regions, effective integration of water and agricultural policies is essential for achieving the water protection objectives of the EU policies. Therefore, the design and enforcement of well-balanced region-specific polices is a major task faced by policy makers for achieving successful water management that will ensure nature protection and human development at tolerable social costs. From a methodological perspective, this research initiative contributes to better address hydrological questions as well as economic and social issues in complex water and human systems. Its integrated vision provides a valuable illustration to inform water policy and management decisions within contexts of water-related conflicts worldwide
Ideological Uncertainty and Lobbying Competition

Polarized interest groups (principals)
compete to influence a decision-maker (agent)
through monetary contributions. This decision-maker chooses a one-dimensional policy and has private information about his ideal point. Competition between interest groups under asymmetric information yields a rich pattern of equilibrium strategies and payoffs. Policies are systematically biased towards the decision-maker's ideal point and it may sometimes lead to a "laissez-faire" equilibrium. Either the most extreme decision-makers or the most moderate ones may get information rent depending on the importance of their ideological bias. The market for influence may exhibit segmentation with interest groups keeping an unchallenged influence on ideologically close-by decision-makers. Indeed, interest groups stop contributing when there is too much uncertainty on the decision-maker's ideology and when the latter is ideologically too far away.
Governance and Enterprise Restructuring - the case of Macedonia

This paper is a case study of the Republic of Macedonia (Southeast Europe), which focuses on examining governance and enterprise restructuring. 

Governance and enterprise restructuring is already defined indicator in EBRD’s studies and transition reports, measuring the effective corporate governance and corporate control exercised through domestic financial institutions and markets, fostering market-driven restructuring. As of the beginning of the transition process, governance and enterprise restructuring remains in the center, as essential pillar, that moves forward the society towards developed market economy.

The data used in this article are analyzed with an econometric regression model, which as employed in this study examines the interrelationships between governance and enterprise restructuring and set of policies that influence the governance patterns.
Towards recovery of complex shapes in meshes using digital images for reverse engineering applications

When an object owns complex shapes, or when its outer surfaces are simply inaccessible, some of its parts may not be captured during its reverse engineering. These deficiencies in the point cloud result in a set of holes in the reconstructed mesh. This paper deals with the use of information extracted from digital images to recover missing areas of a physical object. The proposed algorithm fills in these holes by
solving an optimization problem that combines two kinds of information: (1) the geometric information available on the surrounding of the holes, (2) the information contained in an image of the real object.
The constraints come from the image irradiance equation, a first-order non-linear partial differential
equation that links the position of the mesh vertices to the light intensity of the image pixels. The blending
conditions are satisfied by using an objective function based on a mechanical model of bar network that
simulates the curvature evolution over the mesh. The inherent shortcomings both to the current holefilling
algorithms and the resolution of the image irradiance equations are overcom
Geometry of interpolation sets in derivative free optimization

Abstract  We consider derivative free methods based on sampling approaches for nonlinear optimization problems where derivatives of the objective function are not available and cannot be directly approximated. We show how the bounds on the error between an interpolating polynomial and the true function can be used in the convergence theory of derivative free sampling methods. These bounds involve a constant that reflects the quality of the interpolation set. The main task of such a derivative free algorithm is to maintain an interpolation sampling set so that this constant remains small, and at least uniformly bounded. This constant is often described through the basis of Lagrange polynomials associated with the interpolation set. We provide an alternative, more intuitive, definition for this concept and show how this constant is related to the condition number of a certain matrix. This relation enables us to provide a range of algorithms whilst maintaining the interpolation set so that this condition number or the geometry constant remain uniformly bounded. We also derive bounds on the error between the model and the function and between their derivatives, directly in terms of this condition number and of this geometry constant.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10107-006-0073-
Quantum phase transitions and collapse of the Mott gap in the d=1+ε dimensional Hubbard model with 2kF umklapp scattering

We study the low-energy asymptotics of the d=1+ε dimensional Hubbard model with a circular Fermi surface where there is 2kF umklapp scattering present a priori. Peculiarity of the d=1+ε dimensions is incorporated through the imbalance between the elementary particle-particle and particle-hole (PH) loops: infrared logarithmic singularity of the PH loop is smeared for ε>0. The one-loop renormalization-group flows indicate that a quantum phase transition from a metallic phase to the Mott insulator phase occurs at a finite on-site Coulomb repulsion U for ε>0. We also discuss effects of randomness
On the use of total reflection x-ray topography for the observation of misfit dislocation strain at the surface of a Si/Ge–Si heterostructure

Synchrotron x-ray topography was used in total reflection topography (TRT) mode to observe strain-induced surface bumps due to the presence of underlying misfit dislocations in strained-layer SiGe on Si epitaxial heterostructures. In these experiments, the x rays approached the sample surfaces at grazing incident angles below the critical angles for total external reflection for a number of reflections, and hence, surface strain features nominally less than a few tens of angstrøms from the sample surface have been observed. These are similar to the surface bumpiness observed by atomic force microscopy, albeit on a much larger lateral length scale. The fact that TRT mode images were taken was confirmed by the observation of conventional backreflection topographic images of misfit dislocations in all samples when the grazing incidence angle became greater than the critical angle
Using string comparison in context for improved relevance feedback in different text media

Query expansion is a long standing relevance feedback technique for improving the effectiveness of information retrieval systems. Previous investigations have shown it to be generally effective for electronic text, to give proportionally better improvement for automatic transcriptions of spoken documents, and to be at best of questionable utility for optical character recognized scanned text documents. We introduce two corpus-based methods based on using a string-edit distance measure in context to automatically detect and correct transcription\ud
errors. One method operates at query-time and requires no modification of the document index file, and the other at index-time and operates using the standard query-time expansion process. Experimental investigations show these methods to produce improvements in relevance feedback for all three media types, but most significantly mean that relevance feedback can now successfully be applied to scanned text documents
Zeolite mineralogy of the Cayo formation in Guayaquil, Ecuador

This work shows the presence of zeolites in the Cretaceous Cayo formation in Coastal Ecuador. In the area of Guayaquil the Cayo formation consist of marine pyroclastic flow deposits, associated fallout tuffs and epiclastic rocks. The main zeolites are Ca-heulandite (mean Si/Al: 3.30) and Ca-clinoptilolite (mean Si/Al: 4.35). Less common are laumontite, mordenite and analcime. Zeolites compose 10–60% of the rocks. The deposit is of great importance for Ecuador, considering its enormous zeolitised outcrop area (more than 10,000 km2
Monte Carlo simulation of circular grain growth

Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out to study the effect of temperature on the growth kinetics of a circular grain. This work demonstrates the importance of roughening fluctuations on the growth dynamics. Since the effect of thermal fluctuations is stronger in d =2 than in d =3, as predicted by d =3 theories of domain kinetics, the circular domain shrinks linearly with time as A (t)=A(0)-αt, where A (0) and A(t) are the initial and instantaneous areas, respectively. However, in contrast to d =3, the slope α is strongly temperature dependent for T≥0.6TC. An analytical theory which considers the thermal fluctuations agrees with the T dependence of the Monte Carlo data in this regime, and this model show that these fluctuations are responsible for the strong temperature dependence of the growth rate for d =2. Our results are particularly relevant to the problem of domain growth in surface science
1n- and 2n-transfer with the Borromean nucleus $^{6}$He near the Coulomb barrier

Accepetd for publication in Physical Review LettersAngular distributions for 1n- and 2n-transfer are reported for the 6He + 65Cu system at Elab = 22.6 MeV. For the first time, triple coincidences between particles, neutrons and characteristic rays from the target-like residues were used to separate the contributions arising from 1n- and 2n-transfer. The differential cross sections for these channels, elastic scattering, and fusion were analyzed using a Coupled Reaction Channels approach. The large measured ratio of the 2n/1n cross section and the strong influence of 2n-transfer on other channels indicate that the di-neutron configuration of 6He plays a dominant role in the reaction mechanism
Women in the boardroom: how do female directors of corporate boards perceive boardroom dynamics?

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1461-9.This study investigated how female directors of corporate boards of directors (BoD) experience boardroom dynamics. The study represents an initial research trend that moves from a unilateral focus on financial outcomes of female representation in BoDs toward stronger attention on the social dynamics in the boardroom. Drawing on social identity theory, the study proposed that female directors often constitute an out-group within the BoD, preventing them from experiencing positive board dynamics. More specifically, the study explored the extent to which female directors do experience less justice, lower cohesion, and higher levels of conflicts within the BoD than their male counterparts do. Moreover, we assumed that female directors with nontraditional educational backgrounds would be particularly likely to experience negative boardroom dynamics whereas female chairpersons of BoDs would perceive boardroom dynamics more positively than other female directors. The sample consisted of 491 directors from 149 BoDs. Our findings revealed that there were generally few differences in the way female and male directors experienced boardroom dynamics and female chairpersons of BoDs did not perceive the dynamics differently than other female directors. Female directors with nontraditional educational backgrounds perceived the boardroom dynamics somewhat more negatively than other female directors, but the differences were not statistically significant. The conclusions from this study are that there are reasons to believe that female directors are welcomed into boardrooms, not perceived as outgroups, and BoDs are able to benefit from the female directors’ experience and skills
Genome-based population structure analysis of the strawberry plant pathogen Xanthomonas fragariae reveals two distinct groups that evolved independently before its species description

Xanthomonas fragariae is a quarantine organism in Europe, causing angular leaf spots on strawberry plants. It is spreading worldwide in strawberry-producing regions due to import of plant material through trade and human activities. In order to resolve the population structure at the strain level, we have employed high-resolution molecular typing tools on a comprehensive strain collection representing global and temporal distribution of the pathogen. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat regions (CRISPRs) and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) were identified within the reference genome of X. fragariae LMG 25863 as a potential source of variation. Strains from our collection were whole-genome sequenced and used in order to identify variable spacers and repeats for discriminative purpose. CRISPR spacer analysis and multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) displayed a congruent population structure, in which two major groups and a total of four subgroups were revealed. The two main groups were genetically separated before the first X. fragariae isolate was described and are potentially responsible for the worldwide expansion of the bacterial disease. Three primer sets were designed for discriminating CRISPR-associated markers in order to streamline group determination of novel isolates. Overall, this study describes typing methods to discriminate strains and monitor the pathogen population structure, more especially in the view of a new outbreak of the pathogen
The Effectiveness of Mathematics in Physics of the Unknown

If physics is a science that unveils the fundamental laws of nature, then the appearance of mathematical concepts in its language can be surprising or even mysterious. This was Eugene Wigner's argument in 1960. I show that another approach to physical theory accommodates mathematics in a perfectly reasonable way. To explore unknown processes or phenomena, one builds a theory from fundamental principles, employing them as constraints within a general mathematical framework. The rise of such theories of the unknown, which I call blackbox models, drives home the unsurprising effectiveness of mathematics. I illustrate it on the examples of Einstein's principle theories, the $S$-matrix approach in quantum field theory, effective field theories, and device-independent approaches in quantum information
Salt Marsh Accretion and Storm Tide Variation: an Example from a Barrier Island in the North Sea

We reconstruct past accretion rates of a salt marsh on the island of Sylt, Germany, using measurements of the radioisotopes 210Pb and 137Cs, as well as historical aerial photographs. Results from three cores indicate accretion rates varying between 1 and 16 mm year−1. Comparisons with tide gauge data show that high accretion rates during the 1980s and 1990s coincide with periods of increased storm activity. We identify a critical inundation height of 18 cm below which the strength of a storm seems to positively influence salt marsh accretion rates and above which the frequency of storms becomes the major factor. In addition to sea level rise, we conclude that in low marsh zones subject to higher inundation levels, mean storm strength is the major factor affecting marsh accretion, whereas in high marsh zones with lower inundation levels, it is storm frequency that impacts marsh accretion
Epiphyseal union at the innominate and lower limb in a modern Portuguese skeletal sample, and age estimation in adolescent and young adult male and female skeletons

This study documents the timing of epiphyseal union at the innominate, femur, tibia, and fibula in a sample of modern Portuguese skeletons. The sample was taken from the Lisbon documented skeletal collection and it is comprised of 57 females and 49 males between the ages of 9 and 25. Individuals are mostly representative of the middle-to-low socioeconomic segment of the early 20th century Lisbon population. A total of 18 anatomical locations were examined for epiphyseal union using a three-stage scheme: 1) no union; 2) partial union; and 3) completed union, all traces of fusion having disappeared. Results show that females are ahead of males by 1-2 years and provide similar age ranges for the stages of union than previous studies. Some variations between studies can be explained by methodological differences between dry bone and radiographic observations. However, a review of the literature indicates that socioeconomic status of a given population seems to be of decisive importance to the rate of ossification and most of the differences in skeletal maturation across studies and populations can probably be ascribed to different levels of social and economic development of the societies in which the individuals lived. Although the effects of socioeconomic status in skeletal maturation are greater during childhood than in adolescence, as to make the timing of epiphyseal union a reliable estimate of age at death, they are not negligible and age estimates should take into account the likely socioeconomic status of the individual, whose remains are under examination. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.2071
Measuring Ca2 + inside intracellular organelles with luminescent and fluorescent aequorin-based sensors

Producción CientíficaGFP-Aequorin Protein (GAP) can be used to measure [Ca2 +] inside intracellular organelles, both by luminescence and by fluorescence. The low-affinity variant GAP3 is adequate for ratiometric imaging in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and it can be combined with conventional synthetic indicators for simultaneous measurements of cytosolic Ca2 +. GAP is bioorthogonal as it does not have mammalian homologues, and it is robust and functionally expressed in transgenic flies and mice, where it can be used for Ca2 + measurements ex vivo and in vivo to explore animal models of health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: ECS Meeting edited by Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs and Jacques Haiech.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project BFU2014-53469P)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (TerCel; RD16/0011/0003
Generalized Gibbs ensembles for time dependent processes

An information theory description of finite systems explicitly evolving in
time is presented for classical as well as quantum mechanics. We impose a
variational principle on the Shannon entropy at a given time while the
constraints are set at a former time. The resulting density matrix deviates
from the Boltzmann kernel and contains explicit time odd components which can
be interpreted as collective flows. Applications include quantum brownian
motion, linear response theory, out of equilibrium situations for which the
relevant information is collected within different time scales before entropy
saturation, and the dynamics of the expansion