pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Scalar tensor theory of gravity carrying a conserved current

A general scalar-tensor theory of gravity carries a conserved current for a
trace free minimally coupled scalar field, under the condition that the
potential $V(\phi)$ of the nonminimally coupled scalar field is proportional to
the square of the parameter $f(\phi)$ that is coupled with the scalar curvature
$R$. The conserved current relates the pair of arbitrary coupling parameters
$f(\phi)$ and $\omega(\phi)$, where the latter is the Brans-Dicke coupling
parameter. Thus fixing up the two arbitrary parameters by hand, it is possible
to explore the symmetries and the form of conserved currents corresponding to
standard and many different nonstandard models of gravity.Comment: 8 page
W-Algebras from Soliton Equations and Heisenberg Subalgebras

We derive sufficient conditions under which the ``second'' Hamiltonian
structure of a class of generalized KdV-hierarchies defines one of the
classical $\cal W$-algebras obtained through Drinfel'd-Sokolov Hamiltonian
reduction. These integrable hierarchies are associated to the Heisenberg
subalgebras of an untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra. When the principal
Heisenberg subalgebra is chosen, the well known connection between the
Hamiltonian structure of the generalized Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchies - the
Gel'fand-Dickey algebras - and the $\cal W$-algebras associated to the Casimir
invariants of a Lie algebra is recovered. After carefully discussing the
relations between the embeddings of $A_1=sl(2,{\Bbb C})$ into a simple Lie
algebra $g$ and the elements of the Heisenberg subalgebras of $g^{(1)}$, we
identify the class of $\cal W$-algebras that can be defined in this way. For
$A_n$, this class only includes those associated to the embeddings labelled by
partitions of the form $n+1= k(m) + q(1)$ and $n+1= k(m+1) + k(m) + q(1)$.Comment: Improved version with more specific results concerning the class of
  W-algebras which are defined in terms of soliton equations. 48 pages. Plain
  Te
Geometric Construction of N=2 Gauge Theories

In this lecture we give an elementary introduction to the natural realization
of non-perturbative N=2 quantum field theories as a low energy limit of
classical string theory. We review a systematic construction of six, five, and
four dimensional gauge theories using geometrical data, which provides the
exact, non-perturbative solution via mirror symmetry. This construction has
lead to the exact solution of a large class of gravity free gauge theories,
including Super Yang Mills (SYM) theories as well as non-conventional quantum
field theories without a known Lagrangian description.Comment: 35 pages, harvmac, 20 figure
Charged-Higgs production in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model --- the \tau\nu
  channel

We update the allowed parameter space of the CP-violating 2HDM with Type II
Yukawa couplings, that survives the current experimental and theoretical
constraints on the model. For a representative set of allowed parameter points,
we study the production of charged Higgs bosons, both at the LHC at 14 TeV and
at a possible future hadronic collider at 30 TeV. Two classes of production
mechanisms are considered, "bosonic" (pp\to H^\pm W^\mp X) and "fermionic" (pp
\to H^+ \bar t (b) X). After commenting on our previous H^\pm\to W^\pm H_1
investigation, we focus on the tauonic decay mode, H^\pm \to \tau\nu,
performing a detailed signal-over-background analysis at the parton level. The
increased features provided when considering CP violation, i.e., the extension
of the parameter space and the mixing of the would-be CP-odd scalar boson, only
marginally increase the discovery prospects, which remain very challenging both
when increased luminosities and higher energies are considered.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures. v2 Version published in JHE
Re-evaluation and extension of the Marine Isotope Stage 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region : The cryptotephra record

PMA, SMD, WENA and NJGP are supported by NERC through the SMART project (NE/F020600/1, NE/F02116X/1, NE/F021445/1). The research leading to the results for the MIS 4 and 5a tephra horizons has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement n° [259253]. PMA, SMD and NJGP acknowledge the support of the Climate Change Consortium of Wales (C3W). JB is funded by the Research Council of Norway through the INTERACT project (project no. 221999).Abstract Previous studies of marine sequences from the Faroe Islands region have identified a series of coarse-grained tephra horizons deposited during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. Here we reassess the MIS 5 tephrostratigraphy of the Faroe Islands region and focus on the cryptotephra deposits preserved within the fine-grained fraction of marine core LINK 16. We also extend the record to encompass the late MIS 6 and early MIS 4 periods. A density separation technique, commonly used for tephra investigations in lacustrine settings but rarely applied to marine sediments, is utilised to explore the fine-grained material and EPMA and LA-ICP-MS are employed to determine the major and trace element composition of individual tephra shards. In total, 3 basaltic and 3 rhyolitic Icelandic cryptotephra deposits with homogeneous geochemical compositions are identified — all of which have the potential to act as isochronous tie-lines. Geochemical results highlight that the Grímsvötn volcanic system of Iceland is the predominant source of the basaltic horizons and the Öraefajökull or Torfajökull systems are the likely sources of the rhyolitic deposits. Three of the horizons have been previously recognised in Faroe Islands region marine sequences, with two of these deposits traceable into a Norwegian Sea sequence. An early MIS 4 rhyolitic horizon is the most widespread deposit as it can be traced into the Norwegian Sea and to the south into a record from the Rockall Trough. Basaltic and rhyolitic horizons deposited during late MIS 6 have not been recognised in other sequences and represent new additions to the regional tephrostratigraphy.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of observational studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of observational studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of observational research
Protective Effect of Focal Adhesion Kinase against Skeletal Muscle Reperfusion Injury after Acute Limb Ischemia.

OBJECTIVES\ud
\ud
In cardiac muscle, ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is attenuated by mitochondrial function, which may be upregulated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The aim of this study was to determine whether increased FAK levels reduced rhabdomyolysis in skeletal muscle too.\ud
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MATERIAL AND METHODS\ud
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In a translational in vivo experiment, rat lower limbs were subjected to 4 hours of ischemia followed by 24 or 72 hours of reperfusion. FAK expression was stimulated 7 days before (via somatic transfection with pCMV-driven FAK expression plasmid) and outcomes were measured against non-transfected and empty transfected controls. Slow oxidative (i.e., mitochondria-rich) and fast glycolytic (i.e., mitochondria-poor) type muscles were analyzed separately regarding rhabdomyolysis, apoptosis, and inflammation. Severity of IR injury was assessed using paired non-ischemic controls.\ud
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RESULTS\ud
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After 24 hours of reperfusion, marked rhabdomyolysis was found in non-transfected and empty plasmid-transfected fast-type glycolytic muscle, tibialis anterior. Prior transfection enhanced FAK concentration significantly (p = 0.01). Concomitantly, levels of BAX, promoting mitochondrial transition pores, were reduced sixfold (p = 0.02) together with a blunted inflammation (p = 0.01) and reduced rhabdomyolysis (p = 0.003). Slow oxidative muscle, m. soleus, reacted differently: although apoptosis was detectable after IR, rhabdomyolysis did not appear before 72 hours of reperfusion; and FAK levels were not enhanced in ischemic muscle despite transfection (p = 0.66).\ud
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CONCLUSIONS\ud
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IR-induced skeletal muscle rhabdomyolysis is a fiber type-specific phenomenon that appears to be modulated by mitochondria reserves. Stimulation of FAK may exploit these reserves constituting a potential therapeutic approach to reduce tissue loss following acute limb IR in fast-type muscle
Correlating charge movements with local conformational changes of a Na(+)-coupled cotransporter

To gain insight into the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of structural rearrangements of an electrogenic secondary-active cotransporter during its transport cycle, two measures of conformational change (pre-steady-state current relaxations and intensity of fluorescence emitted from reporter fluorophores) were investigated as a function of membrane potential and external substrate. Cysteines were substituted at three believed-new sites in the type IIb Na(+)-coupled inorganic phosphate cotransporter (SLC34A2 flounder isoform) that were predicted to be involved in conformational changes. Labeling at one site resulted in substantial suppression of transport activity, whereas for the other sites, function remained comparable to the wild-type. For these mutants, the properties of the pre-steady-state charge relaxations were similar for each, whereas fluorescence intensity changes differed significantly. Fluorescence changes could be accounted for by simulations using a five-state model with a unique set of apparent fluorescence intensities assigned to each state according to the site of labeling. Fluorescence reported from one site was associated with inward and outward conformations, whereas for the other sites, including four previously indentified sites, emissions were associated principally with one or the other orientation of the transporter. The same membrane potential change induced complementary changes in fluorescence at some sites, which suggested that the microenvironments of the respective fluorophores experience concomitant changes in polarity. In response to step changes in voltage, the pre-steady-state current relaxation and the time course of change in fluorescence intensity were described by single exponentials. For one mutant the time constants matched well with and without external Na(+), providing direct evidence that this label reports conformational changes accompanying intrinsic charge movement and cation interactions
Search for narrow high-mass resonances in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV$ decaying to a $Z$ and a Higgs Boson

The first search for a narrow, high-mass resonance decaying into $Z$ and Higgs (H) bosons is presented. The final state studied consists of a merged jet pair and a tau pair resulting from the decays of $Z$ and $H$ bosons, respectively. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment in 2012, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. In the resonance mass range of interest, which extends from 0.8 to 2.5 TeV, the $Z$ and $H$ bosons are produced with large momenta, which implies that the final products of the two quarks or the two tau leptons must be detected within a small angular interval. From a combination of all possible decay modes of the tau leptons, production cross sections in a range between 0.9 and 27.8 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the resonance mass
DLK1(PREF1) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis in CD105+/CD90+/CD34+/CD31- /FABP4- adipose-derived stromal cells from subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women

The main physiological function of adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASC) is to differentiate into adipocytes. ASC are most likely localized at perivascular sites in adipose tissues and retain the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. Although cell surface markers for ASC have been described, there is no complete consensus on the antigen expression pattern that will precisely define these cells. DLK1(PREF1) is an established marker for mouse adipocyte progenitors which inhibits adipogenesis. This suggests that DLK1(PREF1) could be a useful marker to characterize human ASC. The DLK1(PREF1) status of human ASC is however unknown. In the present study we isolated ASC from the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women. These cells were selected by their plastic adherence and expanded to passage 5. The ASC were characterized as relatively homogenous cell population with the capacity to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts and the immunophenotype CD105+/CD90+/CD34+/CD31-/FABP4-. The ASC were positive for DLK1(PREF1) which was well expressed in proliferating and density arrested cells but downregulated in the course of adipogenic differentiation. To investigate whether DLK1(PREF1) plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis in these cells RNAi-mediated knockdown experiments were conducted. Knockdown of DLK1(PREF1) in differentiating ASC resulted in a significant increase of the expression of the adipogenic key regulator PPARγ2 and of the terminal adipogenic differentiation marker FABP4. We conclude that DLK1(PREF1) is well expressed in human ASC and acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Moreover, DLK1(PREF1) could be a useful marker contributing to the characterization of human ASC
Molecular gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) VII. NGC 4569, a large scale bar funnelling gas into the nuclear region

Published in: A&A 471, 113-125 (2007).-- Publisher version available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20077254.This work is part of the NUGA survey of CO emission in nearby active galaxies. We present observations of NGC4569, a member of the Virgo Cluster. We analyse the molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the central region and we investigate a possible link to the strong starburst present at the nucleus. 70% of the [1.1 ± 0.2] × 10e9 M⊙ of molecular gas detected in the inner 20′′ is found to be concentrated within the inner 800 pc and is distributed along the large scale stellar bar seen in near-infrared observations. A hole in the CO distribution coincides with the nucleus where most of the Hα emission and blue light are emitted. The kinematics are modelled in three different ways, ranging\ud
from the purely geometrical to the most physical. This approach allows us to constrain progressively the physical properties of the galaxy and eventually to emerge with a reasonable fit to an analytical model of orbits in a barred potential. Fitting an axisymmetric model shows that the non-circular motions must be comparable in amplitude to the circular motions (120 kms−1). Fitting a model based on elliptical orbits allows us to identify with confidence the single inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) of the large scale bar. Finally, a model based on analytical solutions for the gas particle orbits in a weakly barred potential constrained by the ILR radius reproduces the observations well. The mass inflow rate is then\ud
estimated and discussed based on the best fit model solution. The gravitational torques implied by this model are able to efficiently funnel the gas inside the ILR down to 300 pc, although another mechanism must take over to fuel the nuclear starburst inside 100 pc.This research has made use of the GOLDMine\ud
Database. We thank the scientific and technical staffs at the IRAM 30m and PdBI for their help in obtaining the observations presented here.Peer reviewe
Search for narrow resonances in dilepton mass spectra in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

33 páginas, 6 figuras, 1 tabla.-- Sphicas, P. et al.-- Open access: This article is published Open Access at sciencedirect.com. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.A search for narrow, high-mass resonances decaying to electron or muon pairs has been performed using pp collision data collected at √s=7 TeV by the CMS experiment in 2011. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. The event yields observed in the signal regions are consistent with predictions of the standard model backgrounds, and upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction for a resonance decaying to dileptons are extracted from a shape analysis of the dilepton invariant mass distribution. The resulting mass limits at 95% confidence level are 2330 GeV for the Z' in the Sequential Standard Model, 2000 GeV for the superstring-inspired Z'ψ  resonance, 890 (540) GeV for the Stueckelberg extension Z'St with the mass parameter epsilon=0.06 (0.04), and 2140 (1810) GeV for Kaluza--Klein gravitons with the coupling parameter k/MPl of 0.10 (0.05). These limits are the most stringent to date.European Commission; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria); Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (Belgium); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Colciencias (Colombia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Deutschland); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; General Secretariat of Research and Technology (Greece); National Office for Research and Technology (Hungary); Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (Iran); Science Foundation Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italia); National Research Foundation of Korea; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México); Secretaría de Educación Pública (México); Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España); Swiss National Science Foundation; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK); Department of Energy (US); National Science Foundation (US)Peer reviewe
Evaluation of a candidate breast cancer associated SNP in ERCC4 as a risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Results from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2 (CIMBA).

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldBACKGROUND: In this study we aimed to evaluate the role of a SNP in intron 1 of the ERCC4 gene (rs744154), previously reported to be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer in the general population, as a breast cancer risk modifier in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS: We have genotyped rs744154 in 9408 BRCA1 and 5632 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) and assessed its association with breast cancer risk using a retrospective weighted cohort approach. RESULTS: We found no evidence of association with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 (per-allele HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.93-1.04, P = 0.5) or BRCA2 (per-allele HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89-1.06, P = 0.5) mutation carriers. CONCLUSION: This SNP is not a significant modifier of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers, though weak associations cannot be ruled out
Abrupt community transitions and cyclic evolutionary dynamics in complex food webs.

Understanding the emergence and maintenance of biodiversity ranks among the most fundamental challenges in evolutionary ecology. While processes of community assembly have frequently been analyzed from an ecological perspective, their evolutionary dimensions have so far received less attention. To elucidate the eco-evolutionary processes underlying the long-term build-up and potential collapse of community diversity, here we develop and examine an individual-based model describing coevolutionary dynamics driven by trophic interactions and interference competition, of a pair of quantitative traits determining predator and prey niches. Our results demonstrate the (1) emergence of communities with multiple trophic levels, shown here for the first time for stochastic models with linear functional responses, and (2) intermittent and cyclic evolutionary transitions between two alternative community states. In particular, our results indicate that the interplay of ecological and evolutionary dynamics often results in extinction cascades that remove the entire trophic level of consumers from a community. Finally, we show the (3) robustness of our results under variations of model assumptions, underscoring that processes of consumer collapse and subsequent rebound could be important elements of understanding biodiversity dynamics in natural communities
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a report from the CREDO-Kyoto registry cohort-2.

[Objective]To determine whether low HDL-C is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with known CAD. [Methods]We evaluated 10, 391 patients who underwent PCI from January 2005 to December 2007. In total, 3838 (36.9%) patients had low HDL-C (HDL-C <40 mg/dL in males and <50 mg/dL in females) and 6553 (63.1%) patients had normal HDL-C based on measurements on admission. [Results]The unadjusted 5-year incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke) was significantly higher in the low HDL-C group than in the normal HDL-C group (17.6% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.0001). However, after adjusting for confounders, low HDL-C was not associated with a higher risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97?1.19; P = 0.19). There was no significant interaction between the effect of low HDL-C on MACE and several subgroup factors including age, sex, clinical presentation of CAD, statins use, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and serum triglycerides level. [Conclusion]Low HDL-C, as compared with normal HDL-C, was not associated with higher 5-year risk of MACE in patients who underwent PCI