pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Influence of fining agents on the sensorial characteristics and volatile composition of mead

Mead, one of the oldest fermented drinks, is derived from the fermentation of diluted honey by yeasts. In the context of wine production, several procedures are applied to stabilize the beverage and to improve its organoleptic properties. This study aims to evaluate the impact of adding fining agents on the production of mead. In general, the best results were obtained for the samples containing just one fining agent instead of two combined. However, the best performance was obtained for the combined fining agents (bentonite + gelatine + egg albumin). Tannins decreased significantly the content of volatile compounds. On the other hand, silica appears to be the best fining agent, resulting in the lowest loss of volatile compounds. Thirty-six volatile compounds were determined by gas chromatographflame ionization detector and gas chromatographymass spectrometry,
including alcohols (42.5%), carbonyl compounds (40.4%), acetates (14.4%) and esters (1.8%). Eleven volatile compounds had odour activity values >1, representing those with a major impact on the aroma of mead. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in 10 volatile compounds independently to the type of treatment used and no differences (p > 0.05) were observed for remaining compounds.A. Pascoal would like to thank Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Programa Operacional Pontencial Humano and European Union for his postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/91380/2012). The authors are grateful to FCT, Portugal and Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) under Programme
PT2020 for financial support to Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO) (UID/AGR/00690/2013). This work was supported by the strategic programme UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparison of optimal performance at 300keV of three direct electron detectors for use in low dose electron microscopy

Low dose electron imaging applications such as electron cryo-microscopy are now benefitting from the improved performance and flexibility of recently introduced electron imaging detectors in which electrons are directly incident on backthinned CMOS sensors. There are currently three commercially available detectors of this type: the Direct Electron DE-20, the FEI Falcon II and the Gatan K2 Summit. These have different characteristics and so it is important to compare their imaging properties carefully with a view to optimise how each is used. Results at 300 keV for both the modulation transfer function (MTF) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) are presented. Of these, the DQE is the most important in the study of radiation sensitive samples where detector performance is crucial. We find that all three detectors have a better DQE than film. The K2 Summit has the best DQE at low spatial frequencies but with increasing spatial frequency its DQE falls below that of the Falcon II
Experimental and numerical analysis on the martensitic transformation in AISI 304 steel sheets subjected to perforation by conical and hemispherical projectiles

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020768312004039In this work, an experimental and numerical analysis of the martensitic transformation in AISI 304 steel sheets subjected to perforation by conical and hemispherical projectiles is conducted. Experiments are performed using a pneumatic gas gun for with the impact velocities in the range of 35 m=s < V0 < 200 m=s. Two target thicknesses are examined, t1 ¼ 0:5 mm and t2 ¼ 1:0 mm. The experimental setup enabled the determination of the impact velocity, the residual velocity and the failure mode of the steel sheets. The effect of the projectile nose shape on the target’s capacity for energy absorption is evaluated. Moreover, martensite is detected in all the impacted samples, and the role played by the projectile nose shape on the transformation is highlighted. A three-dimensional model is developed in ABAQUS/Explicit to simulate the perforation tests. The material is defined via the constitutive model developed by Zaera et al. (2012) to describe the strain-induced martensitic transformation occurring in metastable austenitic steels at high strain rates. The finite element results are compared with the experimental evidence, and satisfactory matching is observed over the entire range of impact velocities tested and for both projectile configurations and target thicknesses considered. The numerical model succeeds in describing the perforation mechanisms associated with each projectile-target configuration analyzed. The roles played by impact velocity, target thickness and projectile nose shape on the martensitic transformation are properly captured.Project CCG10-UC3M/DPI-5596 (Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid) et DPI2011-24068 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España
Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions

Background: Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives: This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop ‘Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms’ in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). Conclusion: Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age
Computed tomography imaging of the heart

Computed tomography imaging has revolutionised modern medicine and we can\ud
now study the body in greater detail than ever before. Cardiac computed tomography\ud
has the potential to provide information not just on coronary anatomy, but also on\ud
myocardial function, perfusion and viability. This thesis addresses the optimisation\ud
and validation of computed tomography imaging of the heart using a wide volume\ud
320-multidetector scanner.\ud
Computed tomography coronary angiography now has diagnostic accuracy\ud
comparable to invasive coronary angiography. However, radiation dose remains an\ud
important concern. It is therefore important to minimise computed tomography\ud
radiation dose while maintaining image quality. I was able to demonstrate that\ud
iterative reconstruction and patient tailored imaging techniques led to a 39%\ud
reduction in radiation dose in computed tomography coronary angiography, while\ud
maintaining subjective and objective assessments of image quality. In addition, I\ud
demonstrated that diagnostic images can be obtained in 99% of unselected patients\ud
presenting with suspected coronary artery disease when using single heart-beat 320-\ud
multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography.\ud
Computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging can provide additional and\ud
complementary information as compared to computed tomography coronary\ud
angiography that can aid diagnosis and management. I established both quantitative\ud
and qualitative assessment of computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging\ud
and validated it against both a clinical “gold-standard”, fractional flow reserve during\ud
invasive coronary angiography, and a physiological “gold-standard”, positron\ud
emission tomography with oxygen-15 labelled water. Finally, I was able to show that\ud
techniques to reduce radiation dose can also be applied to computed tomography\ud
myocardial perfusion imaging, leading to a 60% reduction in radiation dose, while\ud
maintaining image quality.\ud
In my thesis, I have established that comprehensive cardiac angiographic and\ud
perfusion imaging can be performed with wide volume computed tomography in a\ud
broad generalizable population of patients with relatively low radiation exposure.\ud
These techniques provide both structural and functional assessments from a single\ud
imaging modality that are valid and readily applicable to the clinic in the assessment\ud
and management of patients with suspected coronary artery disease
Redox Signaling by the RNA Polymerase III TFIIB-Related Factor Brf2

TFIIB-related factor 2 (Brf2) is a member of the family of TFIIB-like core transcription factors. Brf2 recruits RNA polymerase (Pol) III to type III gene-external promoters, including the U6 spliceosomal RNA and selenocysteine tRNA genes. Found only in vertebrates, Brf2 has been linked to tumorigenesis but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We have solved crystal structures of a human Brf2-TBP complex bound to natural promoters, obtaining a detailed view of the molecular interactions occurring at Brf2-dependent Pol III promoters and highlighting the general structural and functional conservation of human Pol II and Pol III pre-initiation complexes. Surprisingly, our structural and functional studies unravel a Brf2 redox-sensing module capable of specifically regulating Pol III transcriptional output in living cells. Furthermore, we establish Brf2 as a central redox-sensing transcription factor involved in the oxidative stress pathway and provide a mechanistic model for Brf2 genetic activation in lung and breast cancer
S-duality and the Calabi-Yau interpretation of the N=4 to N=2 flow

The action of the S-duality Sl(2,Z) group on the moduli of the Calabi-Yau manifold WIP^(12)_(11226) appearing in the rank two dual pair (K3 × T 2/WIP^(12)_(11226)) is defined by interpreting the N = 4 to N = 2 flow, for SU(2) supersymmetric YangMills, in terms of the Calabi-Yau moduli. The different singularity loci are mapped in a one to one way, and the (N = 2 limit/point particle limit) is obtained in both cases by the same type of blow up. Moreover, it is shown that the S-duality group permutes the different singularity loci of the moduli of WIP^(12)_(11226). We study the transformation under S-duality of the Calabi-Yau Yukawa couplings
Organic geochemistry of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England.

A comprehensive organic geochemical investigation of the Hawsker Bottoms outcrop section in Yorkshire, England has provided new insights about environmental conditions leading into and during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ∼183 Ma). Rock-Eval and molecular analyses demonstrate that the section is uniformly within the early oil window. Hydrogen index (HI), organic petrography, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distributions, and tricyclic terpane ratios mark a shift to a lower relative abundance of terrigenous organic matter supplied to the sampling locality during the onset of the T-OAE and across a lithological transition. Unlike other ancient intervals of anoxia and extinction, biomarker indices of planktonic community structure do not display major changes or anomalous values. Depositional environment and redox indicators support a shift towards more reducing conditions in the sediment porewaters and the development of a seasonally stratified water column during the T-OAE. In addition to carotenoid biomarkers for green sulfur bacteria (GSB), we report the first occurrence of okenane, a marker of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), in marine samples younger than ∼1.64 Ga. Based on modern observations, a planktonic source of okenane's precursor, okenone, would require extremely shallow photic zone euxinia (PZE) and a highly restricted depositional environment. However, due to coastal vertical mixing, the lack of planktonic okenone production in modern marine sulfidic environments, and building evidence of okenone production in mat-dwelling Chromatiaceae, we propose a sedimentary source of okenone as an alternative. Lastly, we report the first parallel compound-specific View the MathML source record in marine- and terrestrial-derived biomarkers across the T-OAE. The View the MathML source records of short-chain n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and long-chain n  -alkanes all encode negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), and together, they support an injection of isotopically light carbon that impacted both the atmospheric and marine carbon reservoirs. To date, molecular View the MathML source records of the T-OAE display a negative CIE that is smaller in magnitude compared to the bulk organic View the MathML source excursion. Although multiple mechanisms could explain this observation, our molecular, petrographic, and Rock-Eval data suggest that variable mixing of terrigenous and marine organic matter is an important factor affecting the bulk organic View the MathML source records of the T-OAE
Effect of Hydrothermal Curing on Hydration Characteristics of Metakaolin-CKD Pastes at Different Temperatures in a Closed System

Well sealed stainless steel capsule was used as a hydrothermal system to study the pozzolanic activity and hydration characteristics of metakaolin (MK)–cement kiln dust (CKD) at different temperatures (40, 80, 120 and 150 °C) up to 24 hours of hydrothermal curing. The physico-chemical properties of hydrothermally treated MK–CKD pastes were studied by measuring the compressive strength, porosity and bulk density of the hardened pastes as hydraulic properties. The hydration properties of the pastes were studied by measuring free lime and chemically-combined water contents. The phase composition and crystalline structure of the obtained hydrates were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results indicated that, the higher activity is shown at 80 °C especially at the later age of hydrothermal curing. Moreover, the mix containing 75% MK and 25% CKD by mass possessed the higher characteristics during the later age of hydrothermal curing and at all curing temperature
Phenomenology of an SU(2) × SU(2) × U(1) model with lepton-flavour non-universality

We investigate a gauge extension of the Standard Model in light of the observed hints of lepton universality violation in b → clv and b → sl+l − decays at BaBar, Belle and LHCb. The model consists of an extended gauge group SU(2)₁ × SU(2)₂ × U(1)Y which breaks spontaneously around the TeV scale to the electroweak gauge group.  Fermion mixing effects with vector-like fermions give rise to potentially large new  physics  contributions in flavour transitions mediated by W′ and Z′ bosons. This model can ease tensions in B-physics data while satisfying stringent bounds from flavour physics, and electroweak precision data. Possible ways to test the proposed new physics scenario with upcoming experimental measurements are discussed. Among other predictions, the ratios R M = Γ( B → Mμ + μ − )/Γ( B → Me+e− ), with M = K ∗ ,φ, are found to be reduced with respect to the Standard Model expectation R M ~/= 1
Optimal Diffusion-weighting Gradient Waveform Design (ODGD): Formulation and Experimental Validation

Diffusion-Weighted MRI often suffers from signal attenuation due to long TE, sensitivity to physiological motion, and dephasing due to concomitant gradients (CGs). These challenges complicate image interpretation and may introduce bias in quantitative diffusion measurements. Motion moment-nulled diffusion-weighting gradients have been proposed to compensate motion, however, they frequently result in high TE and suffer from CG effects. In this work, the Optimal Diffusion-weighting Gradient waveform Design method that overcomes limitations of state-of-the-art waveforms is revisited and validated in phantom and in-vivo experiments. These diffusion-weighting gradient waveforms reduce the TE and increase the SNR of state-of-the-art waveforms without and with CG-nulling.TEC2013-44194-PVA069U1
Identification of heart rate-associated loci and their effects on cardiac conduction and rhythm disorders.

Elevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In a 2-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in up to 181,171 individuals, we identified 14 new loci associated with heart rate and confirmed associations with all 7 previously established loci. Experimental downregulation of gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio identified 20 genes at 11 loci that are relevant for heart rate regulation and highlight a role for genes involved in signal transmission, embryonic cardiac development and the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy, congenital heart failure and/or sudden cardiac death. In addition, genetic susceptibility to increased heart rate is associated with altered cardiac conduction and reduced risk of sick sinus syndrome, and both heart rate-increasing and heart rate-decreasing variants associate with risk of atrial fibrillation. Our findings provide fresh insights into the mechanisms regulating heart rate and identify new therapeutic targets
On Fuglede’s conjecture and the existence of universal spectra

Recent methods developed by, Too [18], Kolountzakis and Matolcsi [7] have led to counterexamples to Fugelde's Spectral Set Conjecture in both directions. Namely, in R(5) Tao produced a spectral set which is not a tile, while Kolountzakis and Matolcsi showed all example of a nonspectral tile. In search of lower dimensional nonspectral tiles we were led to investigate the Universal Spectrum Conjecture (USC) of Lagarias and Wang [14]. In particular, we prove here that the USC and the "tile --> spectral " direction of Fuglede's conjecture are equivalent in any dimensions. Also, we show by an example that the sufficient condition of Lagarias and Szabo [13] for the existence of universal spectra is not necessary. This fact causes considerable difficulties in producing lower dimensional examples of tiles which have no spectra. We overcome these difficulties by invoking some ideas of Revesz and Farkas [2], and obtain nonspectral tiles in R(3)
Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests
On the nature of superoutbursts in dwarf novae

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2001 Royal Astronomical Society Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society]. All rights reserved.We present the first detailed hydrodynamic simulation of a superoutburst to incorporate the full tidal potential of a binary system. A two-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics code is used to simulate a superoutburst in a binary with the parameters of the SU UMa system Z Chamaeleontis. The simulated light curves shows all the features observed in such systems. Analysis of the mass flux through the disc and the growth rate of the superhumps and disc eccentricity show that the superoutburst–superhump phenomenon is a direct result of tidal instability. No enhanced mass transfer from the secondary is required to initiate or sustain these phenomena. Comparisons of superoutbursts with normal outbursts are made and we show that the model can be reconciled with the behaviour of U Geminorum-type dwarf novae, which show no superoutbursts.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Spectral properties of quarks above T_c in quenched lattice QCD

We analyze the quark spectral function above the critical temperature for
deconfinement in quenched lattice QCD using clover improved Wilson fermions in
Landau gauge. We show that the temporal quark correlator is well reproduced by
a two-pole approximation for the spectral function and analyze the bare quark
mass dependence of both poles as well as their residues. In the chiral limit we
find that the quark spectral function has two collective modes which correspond
to the normal and plasmino excitations. At large values of the bare quark mass
the spectral function is dominated by a single pole.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected, references adde
Constructing grassroots innovations for sustainability

Community energy projects are attracting increasing attention as potential sources of innovation to support sustainable energy transitions. Research into ‘grassroots innovations’ like community energy often recognises the difficulties they face in simply surviving let alone in growing or seeding wider change. Strategic niche management theory is potentially helpful here as it highlights the important roles played by ‘intermediary actors’ in consolidating, growing and diffusing novel innovations. This paper presents the first in-depth analysis of intermediary work in the UK community energy sector. New empirical evidence was gathered through interviews with 15 community energy intermediaries and a content analysis of 113 intermediary-produced case studies about community energy projects. Analysis finds intermediaries adopting a variety of methods to try and diffuse generic lessons about context-specific projects, but that trying to coordinate support for local projects that exist amidst very different social and political circumstances is challenging. This is exacerbated by the challenges of building a coherent institutional infrastructure for a sector where aims and approaches diverge, and where underlying resources are uncertain and inconsistent. Applications of relatively simple, growth-oriented approaches like strategic niche management to grassroots innovations need to be reformulated to better recognise their diverse and conflicted realities on the ground. Keywords: Strategic niche management; Intermediary actors; Grassroots innovation; Community energyESR