pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Generation of Land-Clutter Maps for Cognitive Radar Technology

The concept of cognitive radar is based on an intelligent signal processing obtained by the interaction of the radar with the surrounding environment in order to optimize the radar operation. In the frame of the vast literature on measurement and modelling of the echoes from the environment such as land, vegetation, man-made infrastructures (called land clutter or fixed clutter in the radar jargon), this paper is aimed to contribute with a practical methodology based on a moveable, lightweight, small and cheap marine radar and its calibration. Live results, related to Radar Cross Section measurements in a typical suburban area, are also shown and analysed. Buildings, streets, highways, car parking areas with different coatings, large and medium size lampposts, soil with grass, trees, all in a radius of a very few kilometres, makes this area interesting as far as land clutter characterization is concerned
Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Aspects of Teen Perspectives on Personal Data in Social Media: A Model of Youth Data Literacy

In this study, we explored the interplay between teens’ Affective states (A), Behavioral states (B), and Cognitive states (C) in relation to the personal data they generate in social media, applying the “ABC model” from the social psychology domain. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews with 22 US teens in three library branches of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, USA. Results from content analysis suggest that: 1) Young people are positive about their data skills, while feeling negative or insecure about data privacy issues; 2) young people with negative affective states related to data privacy are more likely to make an effort to secure their social media accounts and profiles. Given the results, we suggest librarians, educators and software developers apply a range of strategies in reaction to teens’ different ABC states to the design of data literacy programs, services, and software applications
Is There a Solution to the Orphan Works Problem? Exploring the International Models

Aspects related to copyright and orphan works become a real obstacle for cultural institutions wishing to undertake major projects for the digitisation and on-line availability of their collections. Although some countries have already established models to try to solve the problem of orphan works, others are still discussing possible options. The paper explores the current situation of the schemes in place internationally to deal with the problems associated with orphan works and how these are being applied by cultural institutions regarding the digital dissemination of their collections. The methodology consisted in a systematic review of the research results as an exploratory analytical technique for the collection of relevant information. Results highlighted that global situation is uncertain and none of the formulas studied enables full and effective digitisation and digital dissemination of the world’s cultural heritage. Further advances are necessary for the creation of diligent search procedures
Exploiting ladder networks for gene expression classification

The application of deep learning to biology is of increasing relevance, but it is difficult; one of the main difficulties is the lack of massive amounts of training data. However, some recent applications of deep learning to the classification of labeled cancer datasets have been successful. Along this direction, in this paper, we apply Ladder networks, a recent and interesting network model, to the binary cancer classification problem; our results improve over the state of the art in deep learning and over the conventional state of the art in machine learning; achieving such results required a careful adaptation of the available datasets and tuning of the network
On the power domination number of de Bruijn and Kautz digraphs

Let $G=(V,A)$ be a directed graph without parallel arcs, and let $S\subseteq
V$ be a set of vertices. Let the sequence $S=S_0\subseteq S_1\subseteq
S_2\subseteq\cdots$ be defined as follows: $S_1$ is obtained from $S_0$ by
adding all out-neighbors of vertices in $S_0$. For $k\geqslant 2$, $S_k$ is
obtained from $S_{k-1}$ by adding all vertices $w$ such that for some vertex
$v\in S_{k-1}$, $w$ is the unique out-neighbor of $v$ in $V\setminus S_{k-1}$.
We set $M(S)=S_0\cup S_1\cup\cdots$, and call $S$ a \emph{power dominating set}
for $G$ if $M(S)=V(G)$. The minimum cardinality of such a set is called the
\emph{power domination number} of $G$. In this paper, we determine the power
domination numbers of de Bruijn and Kautz digraphs
Social media and community policing implementation in South Eastern Europe : a question of trust

At the present time, social media are increasingly used within community policing as a tool of fostering communication, and improving trust between the police and communities. Community policing programmes implemented in post-communist countries in South Eastern Europe, as well as processes of building police legitimacy in general, have been facing challenges related to insufficient public confidence in the law enforcement, and a necessity to re-define police roles. This paper uses the results of empirical research to argue that the still ongoing processes of bridging gaps in police-community communication can be supported by the use of social media. Presented argumentation is based on the analysis of selected quantitative studies on police legitimacy, and chosen findings of qualitative field research which was conducted in 2016 in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a part of the project Community-Based Policing and Post-Conflict Police Reform (ICT4COP). An implication of presented study should be a more in-depth analysis of key factors influencing both the formation of police legitimacy, and ways in which the use of social media in police–community relations, especially, in post-communist societies, should be designed to serve the purpose of building trust in the police
Quotient inductive-inductive types

Higher inductive types (HITs) in Homotopy Type Theory allow the definition of datatypes which have constructors for equalities over the defined type. HITs generalise quotient types, and allow to define types with non-trivial higher equality types, such as spheres, suspensions and the torus. However, there are also interesting uses of HITs to define types satisfying uniqueness of equality proofs, such as the Cauchy reals, the partiality monad, and the well-typed syntax of type theory. In each of these examples we define several types that depend on each other mutually, i.e. they are inductive-inductive definitions. We call those HITs quotient inductive-inductive types (QIITs). Although there has been recent progress on a general theory of HITs, there is not yet a theoretical foundation for the combination of equality constructors and induction-induction, despite many interesting applications. In the present paper we present a first step towards a semantic definition of QIITs. In particular, we give an initial-algebra semantics. We further derive a section induction principle , stating that every algebra morphism into the algebra in question has a section, which is close to the intuitively expected elimination rules
Quotient inductive-inductive types

Higher inductive types (HITs) in Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT) allow the
definition of datatypes which have constructors for equalities over the defined
type. HITs generalise quotient types and allow to define types which are not
sets in the sense of HoTT (i.e. do not satisfy uniqueness of equality proofs)
such as spheres, suspensions and the torus. However, there are also interesting
uses of HITs to define sets, such as the Cauchy reals, the partiality monad,
and the internal, total syntax of type theory. In each of these examples we
define several types that depend on each other mutually, i.e. they are
inductive-inductive definitions. We call those HITs quotient
inductive-inductive types (QIITs).
  Although there has been recent progress on the general theory of HITs, there
isn't yet a theoretical foundation of the combination of equality constructors
and induction-induction, despite having many interesting applications. In the
present paper we present a first step towards a semantic definition of QIITs.
In particular, we give an initial-algebra semantics and show that this is
equivalent to the section induction principle, which justifies the intuitively
expected elimination rules
Wealth, Savings and Children Among Swiss, German and Australian Families

Although sociologists pay increasing attention to wealth, we know very little about the relationship between children and wealth accumulation. Using the information on wealth from panel surveys (the Swiss Household Panel, the Household of Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia and the German Socio-Economic Panel), we study families’ wealth accumulation in different social and political settings. This contribution tests how children affect the propensity to save and net worth. It also addresses anticipation effects when individuals plan to have a child. The results from fixed effects models show that dependent children reduce the probability to save, whereas planning for a child increases the probability to save. To test whether lower or higher expenditure is responsible for lower saving probability, we estimate models with earned income and labour supply as mediator variables. Small children are found to reduce saving mostly through income losses, and older children reduce saving through higher expenditures. In the long run, children have moderate negative consequences on wealth accumulation in all countries (6714 CHF per grown-up child in Switzerland, 15,462 AU$ in Australia, and 619 EUR in Germany)
Homeownership and Wealth in Switzerland and Germany

Property wealth represents the most important wealth component in nearly all OECD countries. Homeownership is linked to wealth accumulation in several ways: Wealthier households are more likely to buy a house or apartment, home owners tend to save more and rising house values typically yield higher returns than money in a bank account. Moreover, owners can borrow on a mortgage to finance, e.g., the formation of an enterprise or other economic activities. At the aggregate level, these relations can explain why countries with low rates of homeownership tend to have a high wealth inequality.

This paper looks at wealth and homeownership in Germany and Switzerland. These countries show the lowest proportion of owner-occupiers in Europe and a high wealth inequality. We analyse to what extent this high inequality can be explained by homeownership status. In the first part of this contribution, we review explanations for the low share of owner-occupiers in the two countries. In the second part, we analyse wealth and homeownership empirically using data of the SHP and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from 2012. We make use of decomposition methods to analyse how renter and owner households differ in wealth levels and wealth inequality
Sweeping costs of planar domains

Let D be a Jordan domain in the plane. We consider a pursuit-evasion,
contamination clearing, or sensor sweep problem in which the pursuer at each
point in time is modeled by a continuous curve, called the sensor curve. Both
time and space are continuous, and the intruders are invisible to the pursuer.
Given D, what is the shortest length of a sensor curve necessary to provide a
sweep of domain D, so that no continuously-moving intruder in D can avoid being
hit by the curve? We define this length to be the sweeping cost of D. We
provide an analytic formula for the sweeping cost of any Jordan domain in terms
of the geodesic Frechet distance between two curves on the boundary of D with
non-equal winding numbers. As a consequence, we show that the sweeping cost of
any convex domain is equal to its width, and that a convex domain of unit area
with maximal sweeping cost is the equilateral triangle
Posthuman Spiritualities in Contemporary Performance: Politics, Ecologies and Perceptions

This book provides an interpretative analysis of the notion of spirituality through the lens of contemporary performance and posthuman theories. The book examines five performance/artworks: The Artist is Present (2010) by Marina Abramović; The Deer Shelter Skyscape (2007) by James Turrell; CAT (1998) by Ansuman Biswas; Journey to the Lower World by Marcus Coates (2004); and the work with pollen by Wolfgang Laib. Through the analysis of these works the notion of spirituality is grounded in materiality and embodiment allowing the conceptual juxtaposition of spirit and matter to introduce the paradoxical as the guiding thread of the narrative of the book. Here, the human is interrogated and negotiated with/within a plurality of other living organisms, intangible existences and micro and macrocosmic ecologies. Silence, meditation, shamanic journeys, reciprocal gazing, restraint, and contemplation are analyzed as technologies used to manipulate perception and adventure into the multilayered condition of matter
Concurrent Kleene Algebra: Free Model and Completeness

Concurrent Kleene Algebra (CKA) was introduced by Hoare, Moeller, Struth and
Wehrman in 2009 as a framework to reason about concurrent programs. We prove
that the axioms for CKA with bounded parallelism are complete for the semantics
proposed in the original paper; consequently, these semantics are the free
model for this fragment. This result settles a conjecture of Hoare and
collaborators. Moreover, the techniques developed along the way are reusable;
in particular, they allow us to establish pomset automata as an operational
model for CKA.Comment: Version 2 includes an overview section that outlines the completeness
  proof, as well as some extra discussion of the interpolation lemma. It also
  includes better typography and a number of minor fixes. Version 3
  incorporates the changes by comments from the anonymous referees at ESOP.
  Among other things, these include a worked example of computing the syntactic
  closure by han
State citizenship, EU citizenship and freedom of movement

First Online: 13 September 2018This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)I share Floris de Witte’s concern about the attacks on the EU currently coming from the populist right, a challenge epitomized by, but unfortunately not restricted to, the Brexit campaign in the UK. However, I doubt that the best way to answer such misleading rhetoric is to make rhetorical counter-claims. Rather, it is to show that their views are largely without foundation and that far from undermining national citizenship, EU citizenship and free movement defend it in the context of the normative and empirical challenges of an inter-dependent world. States provide the infrastructure on which the rights of citizens depend, with democratic citizenship as the ‘right of rights’, since it enables citizens to shape that infrastructure in ways that allow them to claim their rights on equal terms to each other. However, as a matter of consistency, citizens have a duty to show the citizens of other states equal concern and respect not only as shapers of the rights within their own state, but also as possessing the right to freely move to other states, and so not be arbitrarily disadvantaged through being born in one state rather than another, so long as such movement allows both the home and the host states to continue to supply the rights of their citizens. I call this argument cosmopolitan statism. It indicates how one can support free movement rights while still holding to the very statist arguments de Witte seeks to challenge. It also offers a plausible characterisation of the nature and role of Union citizenship
Balancing the rights of European citizenship with duties towards national citizens : an inter-national perspective

First Online: 13 September 2018This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)Ferrera offers his proposal as a way of reconciling national citizens to the trans- and supra-national citizenship regime promoted by the EU. This chapter argues that his proposal is better seen as part of the EU’s inter-national regime, in which the national citizenship regimes of each of the member states are balanced against each other in order to adress the moral and functional challenges posed by interdependence in a globalising world
'An ever closer union among the peoples of Europe' : Union citizenship, democracy, rights and the enfranchisement of second country nationals

First Online: 13 September 2018This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)A key feature of the very idea of Union citizenship which, as a political scientist, I find can be lost in the predominantly legal analysis of this topic, is the reliance of citizenship rights, including those associated with Union citizenship, on politics in general and the state – in this case the member states – in particular. It is this political context that makes voting rights such an essential part of citizenship, yet one, given the complexities and peculiarities of the EU’s political system, that raises a number of difficulties in the European context. The Initiative raises a key issue but proposes a misguided solution, at odds with the very nature of the EU. For it overlooks how Union citizenship necessarily presupposes member state citizenship
Quasi-Newton-Based Preconditioning and Damped Quasi-Newton Schemes for Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Methods

In this paper, we deal with matrix-free preconditioners for Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient (NCG) methods. In particular, we review proposals based on\ud
 quasi-Newton updates, and either satisfying the secant equation or a secant-like equation at some of the previous iterates. Conditions are given proving that, in some sense, the proposed preconditioners also approximate the inverse of the Hessian matrix. In particular, the structure of the preconditioners depends both on low-rank updates along with some specific parameters. The low-rank updates are obtained as by-product of NCG iterations. Moreover, we consider the possibility to embed damped techniques within a class of preconditioners based on quasi-Newton updates. Damped methods have proved to be effective to enhance the performance of quasi-Newton updates, in those cases where the Wolfe linesearch conditions are hardly  fulfilled. The purpose is to extend the idea behind damped methods also to improve NCG schemes, following a novel line of research in the literature. The results, which\ud
summarize an extended numerical experience using large-scale CUTEst problems, is reported, showing that these approaches can considerably improve the performance of NCG methods
Increasing maritime situation awareness via trajectory detection, enrichment and recognition of events

The research presented in this paper aims to show the deployment and use of advanced technologies towards processing surveillance data for the detection of events, contributing to maritime situation awareness via trajectories’ detection, synopses generation and semantic enrichment of trajectories. We first introduce the context of the maritime domain and then the main principles of the big data architecture developed so far within the European funded H2020 datAcron project. From the integration of large maritime trajectory datasets, to the generation of synopses and the detection of events, the main functions of the datAcron architecture are developed and discussed. The potential for detection and forecasting of complex events at sea is illustrated by preliminary experimental results
Recommendations based on social links

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018. The goal of this chapter is to give an overview of recent works on the development of social link-based recommender systems and to offer insights on related issues, as well as future directions for research. Among several kinds of social recommendations, this chapter focuses on recommendations, which are based on users’ self-defined (i.e., explicit) social links and suggest items, rather than people of interest. The chapter starts by reviewing the needs for social link-based recommendations and studies that explain the viability of social networks as useful information sources. Following that, the core part of the chapter dissects and examines modern research on social link-based recommendations along several dimensions. It concludes with a discussion of several important issues and future directions for social link-based recommendation research
Traffic management for cloud federation

The chapter summarizes activities of COST IC1304 ACROSS European Project corresponding to traffic management for Cloud Federation (CF). In particular, we provide a survey of CF architectures and standardization activities. We present comprehensive multi-level model for traffic management in CF that consists of five levels: Level 5 - Strategies for building CF, Level 4 - Network for CF, Level 3 - Service specification and provision, Level 2 - Service composition and orchestration, and Level 1 - Task service in cloud resources. For each level we propose specific methods and algorithms. The effectiveness of these solutions were verified by simulation and analytical methods. Finally, we also describe specialized simulator for testing CF solution in IoT environment
Efficient simulation of IoT cloud use cases

In the paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, actuators and smart devices are connected to the Internet. Application providers utilize the connectivity of these devices with novel approaches involving cloud computing. Some applications require in depth analysis of the interaction between IoT devices and clouds. Research in this area is facing questions like how we should govern such large cohort of devices, which may easily go up often to tens of thousands. In this chapter we investigate IoT Cloud use cases, and derive a general IoT use case. Distributed systems simulators could help in such analysis, but they are problematic to apply in this newly emerging domain, since most of them are either too detailed, or not extensible enough to support the to be modelled devices. Therefore we also show how generic IoT sensors could be modelled in a state of the art simulator using our generalized case to exemplify how the fundamental properties of IoT entities can be represented in the simulator. Finally, we validate the applicability of the introduced IoT extension with a fitness and a meteorological use case
Lag compensation for first-person shooter games in cloud gaming

Cloud gaming is an emerging technology that combines cloud computing with computer games. Compared to traditional gaming, its core advantages include ease of development/deployment for developers, and lower technology costs for users given the potential to play on thin client devices. In this chapter, we firstly describe the approach, and then focus on the impact of latency, known as lag, on Quality of Experience, for so-called First Person Shooter games. We outline our approach to lag compensation whereby we equalize within reason the up and downlink delays in real-time for all players. We describe the testbed in detail, the open source Gaming Anywhere platform, the use of NTP to synchronise time, the network emulator and the role of the centralized log server. We then present results that firstly validate the mechanism and also use small scale and preliminary subjective tests to assess and prove its performance. We conclude the chapter by outlining ongoing and future work