pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Hemolymph microbiome of Pacific oysters in response to temperature, temperature stress and infection

Microbiota provide their hosts with a range of beneficial services, including defense from external pathogens. However, host-associated microbial communities themselves can act as a source of opportunistic pathogens depending on the environment. Marine poikilotherms and their microbiota are strongly influenced by temperature, but experimental studies exploring how temperature affects the interactions between both parties are rare. To assess the effects of temperature, temperature stress and infection on diversity, composition and dynamics of the hemolymph microbiota of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas), we conducted an experiment in a fully-crossed, three-factorial design, in which the temperature acclimated oysters (8 or 22 °C) were exposed to temperature stress and to experimental challenge with a virulent Vibrio sp. Strain. We monitored oyster survival and repeatedly collected hemolymph of dead and alive animals to determine the microbiome composition by 16s rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing. We found that the microbial dynamics and composition of communities in healthy animals (including infection survivors) were significantly affected by temperature and temperature stress, but not by infection. The response was mediated by changes in the incidence and abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and accompanied by little change at higher taxonomic levels, indicating dynamic stability of the hemolymph microbiome. Dead and moribund oysters, on the contrary, displayed signs of community structure disruption, characterized by very low diversity and proliferation of few OTUs. We can therefore link short-term responses of host-associated microbial communities to abiotic and biotic factors and assess the potential feedback between microbiota dynamics and host survival during disease
Non-planar on-shell diagrams

We initiate a systematic study of non-planar on-shell diagrams in N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM and develop powerful technology for doing so. We introduce canonical variables generalizing face variables, which make the d log form of the on-shell form explicit. We make significant progress towards a general classification of arbitrary on-shell diagrams by means of two classes of combinatorial objects: generalized matching and matroid polytopes. We propose a boundary measurement that connects general on-shell diagrams to the Grassmannian. Our proposal exhibits two important and non-trivial properties: positivity in the planar case and it matches the combinatorial description of the diagrams in terms of generalized matroid polytopes. Interestingly, non-planar diagrams exhibit novel phenomena, such as the emergence of constraints on Plücker coordinates beyond Plücker relations when deleting edges, which are neatly captured by the generalized matching and matroid polytopes. This behavior is tied to the existence of a new type of poles in the on-shell form at which combinations of Plücker coordinates vanish. Finally, we introduce a prescription, applicable beyond the MHV case, for writing the on-shell form as a function of minors directly from the graph
Network economics and the environment: insights and perspectives

Local interactions and network structures appear to be a prominent feature of many environmental problems. This paper discusses a wide range of issues and potential areas of application, including the role of relational networks in the pattern of adoption of green technologies, common pool resource problems characterized by a multiplicity of sources, the role of social networks in multi-level environmental governance, infrastructural networks in the access to and use of natural resources such as oil and natural gas, the use of networks to describe the internal structure of inter-country relations in international agreements, and the formation of bilateral “links” in the process of building up an environmental coalition. For each of these areas, we examine why and how network economics would be an effective conceptual and analytical tool, and discuss the main insights that we can foresee
Energy relay from an unconventional yellow dye to CdS/CdSe quantum dots for enhanced solar cell performance

A new design for a quasi-solid-state Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) enabled solar cell with unattached Lucifer yellow (LY) dye molecules as donors and CdS/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) tethered to titania (TiO2) as acceptors is presented. The Forster radius is experimentally determined to be 5.29 nm. Sequential energy transfer from the LY dye to the QDs and electron transfer from the QDs to TiO2 is followed by fluorescence quenching and electron lifetime studies. Cells with a donor-acceptor architecture (TiO2/CdS/CdSe/ZnS-LY/S2--multi-walled carbon nanotubes) show a maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 53 % at 530 nm. This is the highest efficiency among Ru-dye free FRET-enabled quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs), and is much higher than the donor or acceptor-only cells. The FRET-enhanced solar cell performance over the majority of the visible spectrum paves the way to harnessing the untapped potential of the LY dye as an energy relay fluorophore for the entire gamut of dye sensitized, organic, or hybrid solar cells. Fostering Forster resonance: A highly efficient quasi-solid-state Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-enables donor-acceptor solar cells, consisting of Lucifer yellow (LY) dye as the donor component and CdS/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) as the acceptor, which exhibit an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 53 %; the highest among Ru-dye free FRET-enabled quantum dot solar cells
A multi-spectroscopic study for the characterization and definition of production techniques of German ceramic sherds

The aim of this archaeometric study is to recover information regarding technological processes and raw materials used for the production of ceramic sherds coming from five central and Eastern German sites, between Lower Saxony and Saxony states. The ceramic fragments have been investigated by a multi-spectroscopic approach: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were employed to characterize both ceramic bodies and glazes. Moreover the innovative application of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) on ceramic findings has been proposed and evaluated. Chemical and mineralogical composition, as well as microstructure, of ceramic mixture and glaze are correlated to native material composition and firing temperature, which have become a fundamental features in archaeometric research and play a key role in understanding the provenance of the pottery and its production techniques.\ud
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The multi-spectroscopic approach applied in this work has enabled the ability to characterize the ceramic sherds and to investigate through non-destructive techniques both ceramic glaze and matrix giving information regarding the raw materials and pigments/colourants used, and regarding firing temperature and technology. The present study carried on using complementary methods suggests different raw material sources and temperature kilns. These data are in agreement with the location of ceramic sites and with data in literature. Furthermore, the interesting results suggest that non-destructive techniques, such as LIF and Raman spectroscopy, are promising methods for ceramic and glaze characterization
Plane Wave Imaging for ultrasonic non-destructive testing: Generalization to multimodal imaging

Pre-printInternational audienceThis paper describes a new ultrasonic array imaging method for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) which is derived from the medical Plane Wave Imaging (PWI) technique. The objective is to perform fast ultrasound imaging with high image quality. The approach is to transmit plane waves at several angles and to record the back-scattered signals with all the array elements. Focusing in receive is then achieved by coherent summations of the signals in every point of a region of interest. The medical PWI is generalized to immersion setups where water acts as a coupling medium and to multimodal (direct, half-skip modes) imaging in order to detect different types of defects (inclusions, porosities, cracks). This method is compared to the Total Focusing Method (TFM) which is the reference imaging technique in NDT. First, the two post-processing algorithms are described. Then experimental results with the array probe either in contact or in immersion are presented. A good agreement between the TFM and the PWI is observed, with three to ten times less transmissions required for the PWI
Comment on ''The moisture from the air as water resource in arid region: Hopes, doubt and facts'' by Kogan and Trahtman

International audienceKogan and Trahtman [2003. The moisture from the air as water resource in arid region: hopes, doubts and facts. Journal of Arid Environments 53, 231–240] analysed the functioning of a passive dew condenser built by F.I. Zibold in 1912 in Feodosia, and proposed a model to explain how thousands of litres of condensed water might be generated per day based on Zibold's design. In a previous publication, some of the present co-authors explained why it was not possible to obtain high water yields with Zibold-style dew condensers and that Zibold was apparently unaware that the stone heaps in Feodosia were in fact ancient Scythian and Greek tombs. Kogan and Trahtman [2003] take issue with our findings, thus the reason for this comment
The ν1, ν4 and 3ν6 bands of methyl chloride in the 3.4 µm region: line positions and intensities

International audienceMethyl chloride (CH3Cl) is one of the most abundant chlorine-containing molecules in the atmosphere. For this reason a recent update was performed by Iouli Gordon (private communication) in HITRAN in the 640-2600 cm-1 region using line parameters generated by A. Nikitin, et al. [Nikitin A Champion JP, and Bürger H. J Mol Spectrosc 2005;230:174-184]. CH3Cl has a rather strong signature around 3000 cm-1 which was used recently by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite mission to produce the first study of the global distribution of methyl chloride in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. However it was mentioned that the CH3Cl line positions and intensities spectroscopic parameters are of very low quality in this spectral region in the public access HITRAN or GEISA databases. We present a complete update of the line positions and line intensities for the ν1, ν4, 3ν6 bands of CH335Cl and CH337Cl in the 3.4 µm region. For this task, Fourier transform spectra have been recorded at high resolution in "Laboratoire de Dynamique, Interactions et Réactivité" (LADIR). Measurements of line positions and line intensities have been retrieved for both isotopologues 12CH335Cl and 12CH337Cl in the ν1, ν4, 3ν6 bands. The theoretical model accounts for the interactions coupling the (v1=1; =0), (v4=1; =±1) and (v6=3; =±1) energy levels, together with additional resonances involving several dark states
Framework for a Competency-Driven, Multi-Viewpoint, and Evolving Learner Model

International audienceConsidering learning as a dynamic, evolving, social, and lifelong process which occurs in a wide variety of contexts, we aim to improve online learning by offering learning adaptation possibilities, lifelong learning follow-up, learning evolution follow-up, openness to the learner's contexts (personal, professional, and academic), and openness to actors involved in the learning process. To achieve this goal, we propose the development of a meta-model for learner models based on competencies, integrating learner production and personal and professional information, IPP, evolving in time and taking into account different viewpoints. This meta-model may be used for creating different kind of learner models which serve different purposes: adaptation of learning to the learner's cognitive state, learning evaluation, self-reflection, team work... From these kinds of models, models representing individuals will be instantiated
A cooperative local search-based algorithm for the Multiple-Scenario Max-Min Knapsack Problem

8International audienceThe purpose of this article is to present a novel method to approximately solve the Multiple-Scenario Max-Min Knapsack Problem (MSM2KP). This problem models many real world situations, e.g. when for many scenarios noted $\pi \in \mathcal P=\{1,\ldots,P\}$, the aim is to identify the one offering a better alternative in term of maximizing the worst possible outcome. Herein is presented a cooperative approach based on two local search algorithms: (i) a limited-area local search applied in the elite neighborhood and which accepts the first solution with some deterioration threshold of the current solution, (ii) a wide range local search is applied to perform a sequence of paths exchange to improve the current solution. Results have been analyzed by means state-of-the art methods and via problem instances obtained by a generator code taken from the literature. The tests were executed in compeltely comparable scenarios to those of the literature. The results are promising and the efficiency of the proposed approach is also shown
Simultaneous resolution of singularities in the Nash category: finiteness and effectiveness

In this paper we present new proofs using real spectra of the finiteness theorem on Nash trivial simultaneous resolution and the finiteness theorem on Blow-Nash triviality for isolated real algebraic singularities. That is, we prove that a family of Nash sets in a Nash manifold indexed by a semialgebraic set always admits a Nash trivial simultaneous resolution after a partition of the parameter space into finitely many semialgebraic pieces and in the case of isolated singularities it admits a finite Blow-Nash trivialization. We also complement the finiteness results with recursive bounds
Hydrogen bioelectrooxidation on gold nanoparticle-based electrodes modified by Aquifex aeolicus hydrogenase: Application to hydrogen/oxygen enzymatic biofuel cells

International audienceFor the first time, gold nanoparticle-based electrodes have been used as platforms for efficient immobilization of the [NiFe] hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus. AuNPs were characterized by electronic microscopy, dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Two sizes around 20.0 ± 5.3 nm and 37.2 ± 4.3 nm nm were synthesized. After thiol-based functionalization, the AuNPs were proved to allow direct H2 oxidn. over a large range of temps. A high c.d. up to 1.85 ± 0.15 mA·cm- 2 was reached at the smallest AuNPs, which is 170 times higher than the one recorded at the bare gold electrode. The catalytic current was esp. studied as a function of the AuNP size and amt., and procedure for deposition. A synergetic effect between the AuNP porous deposit and the increase surface area was shown. Compared to previously used nanomaterials such as carbon nanofibers, the covalent grafting of the enzyme on the thiol-modified gold nanoparticles was shown to enhance the stability of the hydrogenase. This bioanode was finally coupled to a biocathode where BOD from Myrothecium verrucaria was immobilized on AuNP-based film. The performance of the so-mounted H2/O2 biofuel cell was evaluated, and a power d. of 0.25 mW·cm- 2 was recorded. [on SciFinder(R)
Inverse Cauchy method with conformal mapping : application to latent flatness defect detection during rolling process

International audienceIn this paper a semi-analytical inverse Cauchy problem is presented for a finite cylinder with a cylindrical hole under the surface called the detecting roll. Applications to latent flatness defect detection during rolling process are considered. A steel strip wraps at a known angle around the detecting roll. The presented inverse method aims at evaluating the residual stress profile of the strip. The inputs are the displacements and free surface traction at the hole surface and the outputs are the resultant forces per unit length in the contact between the strip and the roll, thus by equilibrium of the strip the residual stress profile is inferred. This paper is based on plane complex elasticity with conformal mapping techniques. Several 2D-computations are performed at several axial positions. This work is theoretical, the measurement device is not available and technical issues are not broached. Some numerical examples with synthetic data are provided in order to evaluate accuracy and noise sensitivity. Results encourage further investigations and technical developments
A critical evaluation of local field statistics predicted by various linearization schemes in nonlinear mean-field homogenization

International audienceThis paper is devoted to the evaluation of various classical and more recent linearization schemes for nonlinear homogenization in terms of their efficiency to characterize local field fluctuations in nonlinear heterogeneous composites. It relies on an unbiased comparison between field statistics predicted by homogenization theories and those obtained from a reference solution solved using finite element techniques, based on the same microgeometry and boundary conditions and in which local nonlinear constitutive relations are exactly verified at each point. Two categories of linearization methods have been investigated: classical approaches based on a "stress-strain" approach (classical secant, classical and simplified affine) and methods based on "variational principles" (variational and Lahellec-Suquet procedures). For each approach, the maps and the statistical distribution functions of the local fields (strain, stress and incremental work) illustrating the intra- and inter-phase heterogeneities are provided for reinforced and porous power-law composites. This study supplements an earlier study focused on comparisons at the global level \cite{R06, R07} and provides additional information on the accuracy of some available classical and recent linearization procedures. The proposed methodology gives access to a deeper insight on nonlinear homogenization schemes and may eventually lead to improvements of these formulations
Does parental educational level predict drop-out from upper secondary school for 16- to 24-year-olds when basic skills are accounted for? A cross country comparison

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research in October 2011, available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2011.555925Drop-out from upper secondary school is considered a widespread problem, closely connected with youth unemployment. The aim of the current study was to examine whether parents’ level of education predicted drop-out for 16 – 24-year-olds when accounting for basic skills. For this purpose, data from the Norwegian (n ¼ 996) and American (n ¼ 641) samples in the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey (ALL) were used. Stepwise logistic regression showed that parents’ educational level was a significant predictor of early school leaving in both countries, but explained significantly more of the variance in USA than in Norway. Mothers’ educational level predicted early school leaving in USA also when accounting for youth’s basic skills, but this was not the case in Norway
Morphology and composition of Au catalysts on Ge(111) obtained by thermal dewetting

International audienceWe investigate the chemical and morphological structure of the Au nanodots on Ge(111) which serve as catalysts for the formation of epitaxial Ge nanowires. The spatial localization of Au is investigated by X-ray spectromicroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. We show that dewetting of an Au film on Ge(111) gives rise to a thin Au-Ge wetting layer and Au-Ge dots. These dots are crystallized but not with a single crystallographic orientation. Thanks to the spatially resolved X-ray and transmission electron microscopy measurements, a chemical characterization of both binary Au-Ge catalysts and wetting layer is obtained at the nanoscale. We show that Ge vertical growth is achieved even without external Ge supply
Interactive Blood-Coil Simulation in Real-time during Aneurysm Embolization

International audienceOver the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in the field of endovascular treatment of aneurysms. Technological advances continue to make it possible for a growing number of patients with cerebral aneurysms to be treated with a variety of endovascular strategies, essentially using detachable platinum coils. Yet, coil embolization remains a very complex medical procedure for which careful planning must be combined with advanced technical skills in order to be successful. In this paper, we describe a complete process for patient-specific simulations of coil embolization, from mesh generation with medical datasets to computation of coil-flow bilateral influence. We propose a new method for simulating the complex blood flow patterns that take place within the aneurysm, and for simulating the interaction of coils with this flow. This interaction is twofold, first involving the impact of the flow on the coil during the initial stages of its deployment, and second concerning the decrease of blood velocity within the aneurysm, as a consequence of coil packing. We also propose an approach to achieve real-time computation of coil-flow bilateral influence, necessary for interactive simulation. This in turns allows to dynamically plan coil embolization for two key steps of the procedure: choice and placement of the first coils, and assessment of the number of coils necessary to reduce aneurysmal blood velocity and wall pressure. Finally, we provide the blood flow simulation results on several aneurysms with interesting clinical characteristics both in 2D and 3D, as well as comparisons with a commercial package for validation. The coil embolization procesure is simulated within an aneurysm, and pre- and post-operative status is reported
Study of temperature, air dew point temperature and reactant flow effects on PEMFC performances using electrochemical spectroscopy and voltammetry techniques

A single PEMFC has been operated by varying the assembly temperature, the air dew point temperature and the anode/cathode stoichiometry rates with the aim to identify the parameters and combinations of factors affecting the cell performance. Some of the experiments were conducted with low humidified reactants (relative humidity of 12%). The FC characterizations tests have been conducted using in-situ electrochemical methods based on load current and cell voltage signal analysis, namely: polarization curves, EIS measurements, cyclic and linear sweep voltammetries (CV and LSV). The impacts of the parameters on the global FC performances were observed using the polarization curves whereas EIS, CV and LSV test results were used to discriminate the different voltage loss sources. The test results suggest that some parameter sets allow maximal output voltages but can also induce material degradation. For instance, higher FC temperature and air flow values can induce significant electrical efficiency benefits, notably by increasing the reversible potential and the reaction kinetics. However, raising the cell temperature can also gradually dry the FC and increase the risk of membrane failure. LSV has also shown that elevated FC temperature and relative humidity can also accelerate the electrolyte degradation (i.e. slightly higher fuel crossover rate) and reduce the lifetime consequently. PEMFC; Characterization; Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; Cyclic Voltammetry; Linear Sweep Voltammetr