pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Typed Hilbert Epsilon Operators and the Semantics of Determiner Phrases

The semantics of determiner phrases, be they definite descriptions, indefinite descriptions or quantified noun phrases, is often assumed to be a fully solved question: common nouns are properties, and determiners are generalised quantifiers that apply to two predicates: the property corresponding to the common noun and the one corresponding to the verb phrase. We first present a criticism of this standard view. Firstly, the semantics of determiners does not follow the syntactical structure of the sentence. Secondly the standard interpretation of the indefinite article cannot account for nominal sentences. Thirdly, the standard view misses the linguistic asymmetry between the two properties of a generalised quantifier. In the sequel, we propose a treatment of determiners and quantifiers as Hilbert terms in a richly typed system that we initially developed for lexical semantics, using a many sorted logic for semantical representations. We present this semantical framework called the Montagovian generative lexicon and show how these terms better match the syntactical structure and avoid the aforementioned problems of the standard approach. Hilbert terms are rather different from choice functions in that there is one polymorphic operator and not one operator per formula. They also open an intriguing connection between the logic for meaning assembly, the typed lambda calculus handling compositionality and the many-sorted logic for semantical representations. Furthermore epsilon terms naturally introduce type-judgements and confirm the claim that type judgments are a form of presupposition
Measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in pp collisions at root s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector using final states with two high-pT leptons

Abstract: A measurement is reported of the production cross section of top-quark pairs (t¯t) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Candidate events have a signature consistent with containing two isolated leptons, large missing transverse momentum, and at least two jets. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.70 fb−1, a t¯t production cross section σt¯t = 176 ± 5(stat.)+14 −11(syst.) ± 8(lum.) pb is measured for an assumed top-quark mass of mt = 172.5 GeV. This measurement is in good agreement with Standard Model predictions.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
Characteristics of patients with haematological and breast cancer (1996-2009) who died of heart failure-related causes after cancer therapy

<b>Aims </b>To describe the characteristics and time to death of patients with breast or haematological cancer who died of heart failure (HF) after cancer therapy. Patients with an index admission for HF who died of HF-related causes (IAHF) and those with no index admission for HF who died of HF-related causes (NIAHF) were compared. <br /><br /><b>Methods and results</b> We performed a linked data analysis of cancer registry, death registry, and hospital administration records (n&thinsp;=&thinsp;15&thinsp;987). Index HF admission must have occurred after cancer diagnosis. Of the 4894 patients who were deceased (30.6% of cohort), 734 died of HF-related causes (50.1% female) of which 279 (38.0%) had at least one IAHF (41.9% female) post-cancer diagnosis. Median age was 71&thinsp;years [interquartile range (IQR) 62&ndash;78] for IAHF and 66&thinsp;years (IQR 56&ndash;74) for NIAHF. There were fewer chemotherapy separations for IAHF patients (median&thinsp;=&thinsp;4, IQR 2&ndash;9) compared with NIAHF patients (median&thinsp;=&thinsp;6, IQR 2&ndash;12). Of the IAHF patients, 71% had died within 1&thinsp;year of the index HF admission. There was no significant difference in HF-related mortality in IAHF patients compared with NIAHF (HR, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.94&ndash;1.29, P&thinsp;=&thinsp;0.225). <b><br /><br />Conclusions</b> The profile of IAHF patients who died of HF-related causes after cancer treatment matched the current profile of HF in the general population (over half were aged &ge;70&thinsp;years). However, NIAHF were younger (62% were aged &le;69&thinsp;years), female patients with breast cancer that died of HF-related causes before hospital admission for HF-related causes&mdash;a group that may have been undiagnosed or undertreated until death
The globular cluster system of NGC 1316 II. The extraordinary object SH2

Context: SH2 has been described as an isolated HII-region, located about 6.5 south of the nucleus of NGC 1316 (Fornax A), a merger remnant in the the outskirts of the Fornax cluster of galaxies. 
Aims: We give a first, preliminary description of the stellar content and environment of this remarkable object. 
Methods: We used photometric data in the Washington system and HST photometry from the Hubble Legacy Archive for a morphological description and preliminary aperture photometry. Low-resolution spectroscopy provides radial velocities of the brightest star cluster in SH2 and a nearby intermediate-age cluster. 
Results: SH2 is not a normal HII-region, ionized by very young stars. It contains a multitude of star clusters with ages of approximately 108 yr. A ring-like morphology is striking. SH2 seems to be connected to an intermediate-age massive globular cluster with a similar radial velocity, which itself is the main object of a group of fainter clusters. Metallicity estimates from emission lines remain ambiguous. Conclusions: The present data do not yet allow firm conclusions about the nature or origin of SH2. It might be a dwarf galaxy that has experienced a burst of extremely clustered star formation. We may witness how globular clusters are donated to a parent galaxy.Fil: Richtler, T.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Kumar, B.. Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences; IndiaFil: Bassino, Lilia Patricia. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Dirsch, B.. Friedrich Ebert Gymnasium; AlemaniaFil: Romanowsky, A. J. . University of California; Estados Unido
New tissue priors for improved automated classification of subcortical brain structures on MRI

AbstractDespite the constant improvement of algorithms for automated brain tissue classification, the accurate delineation of subcortical structures using magnetic resonance images (MRI) data remains challenging. The main difficulties arise from the low gray-white matter contrast of iron rich areas in T1-weighted (T1w) MRI data and from the lack of adequate priors for basal ganglia and thalamus. The most recent attempts to obtain such priors were based on cohorts with limited size that included subjects in a narrow age range, failing to account for age-related gray-white matter contrast changes. Aiming to improve the anatomical plausibility of automated brain tissue classification from T1w data, we have created new tissue probability maps for subcortical gray matter regions. Supported by atlas-derived spatial information, raters manually labeled subcortical structures in a cohort of healthy subjects using magnetization transfer saturation and R2* MRI maps, which feature optimal gray-white matter contrast in these areas. After assessment of inter-rater variability, the new tissue priors were tested on T1w data within the framework of voxel-based morphometry. The automated detection of gray matter in subcortical areas with our new probability maps was more anatomically plausible compared to the one derived with currently available priors. We provide evidence that the improved delineation compensates age-related bias in the segmentation of iron rich subcortical regions. The new tissue priors, allowing robust detection of basal ganglia and thalamus, have the potential to enhance the sensitivity of voxel-based morphometry in both healthy and diseased brains
Organelles in Blastocystis that Blur the Distinction between Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes

SummaryBlastocystis is a unicellular stramenopile of controversial pathogenicity in humans [1, 2]. Although it is a strict anaerobe, Blastocystis has mitochondrion-like organelles with cristae, a transmembrane potential and DNA [2–4]. An apparent lack of several typical mitochondrial pathways has led some to suggest that these organelles might be hydrogenosomes, anaerobic organelles related to mitochondria [5, 6]. We generated 12,767 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from Blastocystis and identified 115 clusters that encode putative mitochondrial and hydrogenosomal proteins. Among these is the canonical hydrogenosomal protein iron-only [FeFe] hydrogenase that we show localizes to the organelles. The organelles also have mitochondrial characteristics, including pathways for amino acid metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as a mitochondrial genome. Although complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) are present, we found no evidence for complexes III and IV or F1Fo ATPases. The Blastocystis organelles have metabolic properties of aerobic and anaerobic mitochondria and of hydrogenosomes [7, 8]. They are convergently similar to organelles recently described in the unrelated ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis [9]. These findings blur the boundaries between mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, and mitosomes, as currently defined, underscoring the disparate selective forces that shape these organelles in eukaryotes
Neural correlates of outcome processing post dishonest choice: An fMRI and ERP study

AbstractA dishonest person often utilizes another person’s obliviousness to appropriate the property that belongs to the other person. Previous researchers have studied the making of a dishonest choice and the manipulation of truthful information. Here, we have investigated the neural correlates of processing the outcomes of dishonest decisions. Participants in this study were asked to interact with counterparts in an economic game. They could accept the counterparts’ proposals on how to divide the profits (honest choice) or choose the alternative plan that was advantageous to themselves (dishonest choice), playing to the ignorance of their counterparts who had a 50% chance of detecting the situation. Successful dishonest choices (not being detected) would bring large rewards, whereas honest choices would lead to less of a reward, and failed dishonest choices (being caught) would result in no reward. Participants’ neural responses during the outcome presentations were recorded by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related potential (ERP) methods in different sessions. We found that the outcomes of successful dishonest (vs. honest) choices elicited stronger activations in the ventral striatum and posterior cingulate cortex and a smaller ERP component called feedback-related negativity (FRN), which suggests that positive outcome evaluation and attention processing were aroused by successful dishonest choices. Moreover, the outcomes of failed dishonest (relative to honest) choices were associated with different neural response patterns in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and P3b ERP component between human and computer counterparts, suggesting that processing the output of social decision making (playing human) is different from that of risk taking (playing computer). The findings advanced our understanding about the neural processing of outcome presentation after a dishonest choice has been made
Engaging with energy reduction: Does a climate change frame have the potential for achieving broader sustainable behaviour?

AbstractReducing energy use is key in meeting ambitious climate change targets being set around the world. This research considers the psychological impact, and potential for behavioural spillover, resulting from receiving energy information framed in terms of financial costs or the environment. We utilised an online tool in order to present undergraduate participants with an energy display simulation of their own energy use and presented energy use in terms of kilowatt-hours, carbon dioxide (CO2), or costs. Study 1 found increased motivations to save energy for climate change reasons and some indications that environmental behaviour might increase after participants received CO2 information compared to alternatives. Study 2 found that CO2 information increased climate change salience, which mediated effects observed on environmental behaviour intentions. Data suggest that highlighting climate change in relation to energy savings may be useful for promoting broader environmental behaviour
Neutron spectroscopic factors of 55Ni hole-states from (p,d) transfer reactions

AbstractSpectroscopic information has been extracted on the hole-states of 55Ni, the least known of the quartet of nuclei (55Ni, 57Ni, 55Co and 57Cu), one nucleon away from 56Ni, the N=Z=28 double magic nucleus. Using the H1(Ni56,d)Ni55 transfer reaction in inverse kinematics, neutron spectroscopic factors, spins and parities have been extracted for the f7/2, p3/2 and the s1/2 hole-states of 55Ni. These new data provide a benchmark for large basis calculations that include nucleonic orbits in both the sd and pf shells. State of the art calculations have been performed to describe the excitation energies and spectroscopic factors of the s1/2 hole-state below Fermi energy
The Validity of Quasi-Steady-State Approximations in Discrete Stochastic Simulations

AbstractIn biochemical networks, reactions often occur on disparate timescales and can be characterized as either fast or slow. The quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA) utilizes timescale separation to project models of biochemical networks onto lower-dimensional slow manifolds. As a result, fast elementary reactions are not modeled explicitly, and their effect is captured by nonelementary reaction-rate functions (e.g., Hill functions). The accuracy of the QSSA applied to deterministic systems depends on how well timescales are separated. Recently, it has been proposed to use the nonelementary rate functions obtained via the deterministic QSSA to define propensity functions in stochastic simulations of biochemical networks. In this approach, termed the stochastic QSSA, fast reactions that are part of nonelementary reactions are not simulated, greatly reducing computation time. However, it is unclear when the stochastic QSSA provides an accurate approximation of the original stochastic simulation. We show that, unlike the deterministic QSSA, the validity of the stochastic QSSA does not follow from timescale separation alone, but also depends on the sensitivity of the nonelementary reaction rate functions to changes in the slow species. The stochastic QSSA becomes more accurate when this sensitivity is small. Different types of QSSAs result in nonelementary functions with different sensitivities, and the total QSSA results in less sensitive functions than the standard or the prefactor QSSA. We prove that, as a result, the stochastic QSSA becomes more accurate when nonelementary reaction functions are obtained using the total QSSA. Our work provides an apparently novel condition for the validity of the QSSA in stochastic simulations of biochemical reaction networks with disparate timescales
Direct Thy-1/αVβ3 integrin interaction mediates neuron to astrocyte communication

AbstractThy-1 is an abundant neuronal glycoprotein of poorly defined function. We recently provided evidence indicating that Thy-1 clusters a β3-containing integrin in astrocytes to induce tyrosine phosphorylation, RhoA activation and the formation of focal adhesions and stress fibers. To date, the α subunit partner of β3 integrin in DI TNC1 astrocytes is unknown. Similarly, the ability of neuronal, membrane-bound Thy-1 to trigger astrocyte signaling via integrin engagement remains speculation. Here, evidence that αv forms an αvβ3 heterodimer in DI TNC1 astrocytes was obtained. In neuron–astrocyte association assays, the presence of either anti-αv or anti-β3 integrin antibodies reduced cell–cell interaction demonstrating the requirement of both integrin subunits for this association. Moreover, anti-Thy-1 antibodies blocked stimulation of astrocytes by neurons but not the binding of these two cell types. Thus, neuron–astrocyte association involved binding between molecular components in addition to the Thy-1-integrin; however, the signaling events leading to focal adhesion formation in astrocytes depended exclusively on the latter interaction. Additionally, wild-type (RLD) but not mutated (RLE) Thy-1 was shown to directly interact with αvβ3 integrin by Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis. This interaction was promoted by divalent cations and was species-independent. Together, these results demonstrate that the αvβ3 integrin heterodimer interacts directly with Thy-1 present on neuronal cells to stimulate astrocytes
Local Z2 scalar dark matter model confronting galactic GeV-scale γ-ray

AbstractWe present a scalar dark matter (DM) model where DM (XI) is stabilized by a local Z2 symmetry originating from a spontaneously broken local dark U(1)X. Compared with the usual scalar DM with a global Z2 symmetry, the local Z2 model possesses three new extra fields, dark photon Z′, dark Higgs ϕ and the excited partner of scalar DM (XR), with the kinetic mixing and Higgs portal interactions dictated by local dark gauge invariance. The resulting model can accommodate thermal relic density of scalar DM without conflict with the invisible Higgs branching ratio and the bounds from DM direct detections, thanks to the newly opened channels, XIXI→Z′Z′,ϕϕ. In particular, due to the new particles, the GeV scale γ-ray excess from the Galactic Center (GC) can be originated from the decay of dark Higgs boson which is produced in DM annihilations
Characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with hallux valgus: a systematic review

SummaryObjectiveFactors associated with the development of hallux valgus (HV) are multifactorial and remain unclear. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate characteristics of foot structure and footwear associated with HV.DesignElectronic databases (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL) were searched to December 2010. Cross-sectional studies with a valid definition of HV and a non-HV comparison group were included. Two independent investigators quality rated all included papers. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated (standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous data and risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data). Where studies were homogeneous, pooling of SMDs was conducted using random effects models.ResultsA total of 37 papers (34 unique studies) were quality rated. After exclusion of studies without reported measurement reliability for associated factors, data were extracted and analysed from 16 studies reporting results for 45 different factors. Significant factors included: greater first intermetatarsal angle (pooled SMD = 1.5, CI: 0.88–2.1), longer first metatarsal (pooled SMD = 1.0, CI: 0.48–1.6), round first metatarsal head (RR: 3.1–5.4), and lateral sesamoid displacement (RR: 5.1–5.5). Results for clinical factors (e.g., first ray mobility, pes planus, footwear) were less conclusive regarding their association with HV.ConclusionsAlthough conclusions regarding causality cannot be made from cross-sectional studies, this systematic review highlights important factors to monitor in HV assessment and management. Further studies with rigorous methodology are warranted to investigate clinical factors associated with HV
On the solutions to the multi-parametric Yang–Baxter equations

AbstractA unified approach is applied in the consideration of the multi-parametric (colored) Yang–Baxter equations (YBE) and the usual YBE with two-parametric R-matrices, relying on the existence of the arbitrary functions in the general solutions. The colored YBE are considered with the R-matrices defined on two and three-dimensional states. We present an exhaustive study and the overall solutions for the YBE with 4×4 colored R-matrices. The established classification includes new multi-parametric free fermionic solutions. In the context of the given approach there are obtained the colored solutions to the YBE with 9×9 R-matrices having 15 non-zero elements
Second Generation Swimming Feedback Device Using a Wearable Data Processing System based on Underwater Visible Light Communication

AbstractSwimmers performance evaluation is important for the swimmers, their coaches and trainers. Most systems depend on visual, video processing or sensors and require post processing to obtain the swim data. Stroke rate, stroke length and swim velocity data are useful parameters for a swimmer during a swim. Swimmers can then adjust their swim to achieve optimal performance. A wearable data processing system was designed, implemented and tested using visible light communication. A wrist-mounted accelerometer with a communications link to a receiver located on the goggles allows visual information to be given to the athlete. This helps swimmers to swim with consistent pace based on a multi-coloured display. The data processing system was based on a circular buffer to read real time acceleration data. The maximum acceleration and the position of the maximum acceleration during one stroke are determined in firmware. The time difference between strokes is transmitted to the goggles. An algorithm at the receiver uses the data to switch on the LED colour so that the swimmer reacts according to previous instructions. The second generation system (size 35 x 35mm, cost $19.89AU) was designed and implemented. The system was tested with different swim speeds (slow and fast) and different strokes (free style, back stroke, breast stroke and butterfly) to validate the system. These experiments were used to optimise the system and verify that the complete system is viable under different conditions, styles and swimmers
From Geochemical Baseline Studies to Characterization and Remediation of Gas Leaks: Experiences and Case Studies of the French Institute for Risk Management (INERIS)

AbstractInvolved in several research projects funded by France and European Union on carbon capture and storage, INERIS has worked for many years on the design, building, testing and field-deployment of gas monitoring devices in soil and subsurface on industrial sites.INERIS has developed a strong experience using self-designed devices dedicated to the characterization of CO2 storages and analogues of natural or anthropogenic CO2-leaking systems.INERIS focuses on the monitoring of gas flux at surface and on the monitoring of gas migration in the subsurface using gas monitoring wells.After many years of worldwide research done by many researchers and industrials it's now time to adopt a “monitoring -ready” approach. That means to be ready to challenge industrial and stakeholders’ expectations for efficient, field-deployable and cheap solutions to perform efficient gas monitoring in the soil and the subsurface.We will here discuss the way INERIS performs surface and subsurface gas measurements (1) to achieve baseline studies on storage sites before injection starts, (2) to ensure monitoring in injection and post-injection phases and(3) to characterize leaking processes that impact surface and urban areas
Role of Rev-erbα domains for transactivation of the connexin43 promoter with Sp1

AbstractRev-erbα, a component of the circadian clock, has also been known as a nuclear receptor that lacks activation function domain 2, functioning as a ligand-dependent transcriptional repressor. However, we recently reported that Rev-erbα activates connexin43 transcription by forming a complex with Sp1. Here we show that heme, a REV-ERB ligand, is dispensable for this novel mechanism and that Rev-erbβ, having homologies with Rev-erbα, does not activate connexin43, but competes with the Rev-erbα/Sp1. The A/B region of Rev-erbα, which is not conserved in Rev-erbβ, is a crucial activating domain, while the ligand binding domain, conserved in Rev-erbβ, functions as a competitor