pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
ENSO teleconnections to the Indian summer monsoon under changing climate

This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The teleconnection between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall is analysed in CMIP5 simulations in both historical and future scenario. A subset of models is selected, based on their ability to simulate mean rainfall and the ENSO teleconnection in the historical simulations, and those are used to examine future predictions in the central northeast region of India. For canonical and mixed canonical Modoki ENSO events, the rainfall teleconnection is spatially extended over most of India in the future. For pure Modoki ENSO events, the teleconnection disappears, and practically no influence is detected in any parts of India. Analysis of zonal wind at 200 mb indicates that for the Modoki events, there is a larger spread of changes across the models, while for canonical events there is more inter-model consistency. A rainfall decomposition technique reveals a battle between changes in circulation which act to weaken the rainfall teleconnection and changes in moisture change which act to strengthen it. The picture is most consistent in the sub-ensemble of models in the central northeast region but less consistent in regions covering southern India.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC
Recent trends in aerosol climatology and air pollution as inferred from multi-year lidar observations over a tropical urban station

Regular nighttime monitoring of aerosol and other atmospheric parameters was initiated in 1985 at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune. This is a tropical urban station (18Â°32'N, 73Â°51'E, 559 m AMSL), situated approximately 100 km inland from the west coast of India. The multi-year aerosol vertical profile database, utilized in the present study, consisted of more than 1200 vertical aerosol concentration profiles. These data were collected with a computer-controlled, bistatic, argon-ion lidar system over a 12 year period from October 1986 to September 1998 and have been utilized to study the morphology of the nighttime atmospheric boundary layer and associated air quality. The recent climatological trend in the aerosol loading at the experimental station has also been studied. The study reveals higher pollution potential during late evenings in the winter and a total increase of about 3 in the aerosol loading over the 12 year observational period. This increase can be attributed partly due to the urban heat island effect and due to growing urbanization and industrialization, as well as to the land-usage patterns in proximity to the experimental station. Further, it has been found that the long-term trend in aerosol loading was not uniform, but it changed from year to year depending on meteorological parameters (precipitation, in particular) and local anthropogenic activities. The short-term variations in aerosol loading and their relationship with concurrent meteorological parameters over the observational site are discussed also
A 19th century climate chronology for the Kalahari region of central southern Africa derived from missionary correspondence

Unpublished materials written by missionaries based at London Missionary Society and Wesleyan Methodist Missionary\ud
Society mission stations across the Kalahari region have been used as the primary source for the construction of a historical climatic chronology for central southern Africa for the period 1815–1900. Data from these unpublished documents were supplemented by analyses of published material written by various hunters and explorers (as well as missionaries) who travelled beyond the immediate areas of missionary activity. Key features of the climate chronology are the identification of six drought episodes and seven periods of above-average rainfall which affected various parts of the region. Major dry periods occurred in 1820–27, 1831–35, 1844–51, 1857–65, 1877–86 and 1894–99, of which the droughts in 1844–51, 1857–65, 1884–86 and 1894–99 were the most widespread.Wetter periods are identified in 1816–17, 1829–30, 1851–52, 1863–64, 1874–75, 1889–91 and 1899–1900, with the most widely distributed wet conditions occurring in 1889–91. \ud
In order to ascertain the reliability of the chronology, the document-derived climate sequence has been compared with available meteorological data for the study area (from Barkly West for the period 1883–1900) and shows good general agreement.\ud
The results of this study have been compared with historical climate chronologies for the former Cape Province of South Africa. This comparison reveals that large areas of the southern African subcontinent experienced dry conditions in 1826–27, 1832–35, 1848–1851, 1858–60, 1861–63, 1877–81, 1884–86 and 1894–99, with the dry phases of the early 1850s, 1858–60, 1861–63 and 1894–99 possibly extending beyond the northern border of present-day Botswana.\ud
Wetter phases affected much of the subcontinent in 1829–30, 1851–52, 1863–64, 1874–75, 1889–91 and 1899–1900,\ud
with 1874–75 and 1889–91 associated with reports of flooding from central Botswana to the eastern Cape. The causal mechanisms of patterns of climatic variability are unclear, but 19th century drought periods in the Kalahari show a close coincidence with the timing of moderate to strong El Ni˜no–southern oscillation events
Markov chain models for pre-monsoon season thunderstorms over Pune

The probabilistic distribution of the thunderstorm phenomenon during the pre-monsoon season (1 March to 18 June) over Pune, a tropical Indian station, has been examined with the help of Markov chain models using daily thunderstorm data for a period of 11 years (1970-80). The data have also been tested using Akaike's information criterion. This test has clearly indicated that the first-order Markov chain model is the best fit model for thunderstorm forecasting, which has described the appropriate period (8 days) of occurrence of thunderstorm phenomenon over Pune. Further, the steady-state probabilities and mean recurrence time of thunderstorm days and non-thunderstorm days have also been calculated for the first- and second-order Markov chain models. These computations have revealed that the observed and theoretical values of steady-state probabilities are realistically matched
Relationship between Soviet snow and Korean rainfall

In this study the statistical relationship between winter-spring Soviet snow depth and summer monsoon rainfall over South Korea has been investigated by lag correlation correlation coefficients and composite analysis. Data for the 1966-95 period are used. Results reveal that the winter/springtime snow depth over western Eurasia (over Kazakhstan) is negatively related, whereas the snow depth over eastern Eurasia (over Manchuria-eastern Siberia) is positively related with Korean monsoon rainfall. The dipole correlation pattern suggests that heavy snow over eastern Eurasia and light snow over western Eurasia is favourable, whereas the reverse situation is unfavourable for monsoon activity over South Korea. The NCEP-NCAR re-analyses data reveal that the dipole correlation configuration is indicative of a mid-latitude long-wave pattern with an anomalous ridge over north Asia during the winter prior to a weak Korean monsoon and an anomalous trough prior to a strong monsoon. The re-analyses data further suggest that the position, shape, and strength of the summertime North Pacific subtropical high and the low-level jet over the East Asian sector could be considerably influenced by the snow distribution over Eurasia
Thermal field over Tibetan Plateau and Indian summer monsson rainfall

The interannual variability of the temperature anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau (25-45 Â°N, 75-105 Â°E) is examined in relation to the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR: June to September total rainfall). For this purpose, the temperature anomaly data of the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau is divided into three regions using principal component analysis and the ISMR data for the period 1957-89 have been used. It is found that the January temperature anomaly of Region 2 has a significant negative relationship (r = -0.67) with the ISMR of the subsequent season. This region is located over the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, mostly in Qinghai province, including the Bayan Harr Mountain range and the Qaidam Basin. This relationship is consistent and robust during the period of analysis and can be used to predict the strength of the Indian summer monsoon in the subsequent season. It was found that the January temperature anomaly in this region was associated with a persistent winter circulation pattern over the Eurasian continent during January through to March. Finally, the variation patterns of the temperature anomalies in all three regions over the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau during extreme years of the ISMR are examined. It is concluded that the January temperature anomaly over the northeastern Tibetan Plateau can be useful in forecasting the drought and flood conditions over India, especially in predicting the monsoon rainfall over the areas lying along the monsoon trough
Spring-summer temperature reconstruction in western Norway 1734-2003: a data-synthesis approach

A series of spring–summer (April–August) temperatures was reconstructed for the period 1734–1923 for western Norway
based on multi-proxy data. For the period 1734–1842 the long-term variations were based on terminal moraines in front
of two southern Norwegian glaciers, whereas the annual variations were based on grain-harvest data extracted from
farmers’ diaries. For the period 1843–1867 the spring–summer temperatures were reconstructed solely from diaries
overlapping instrumental observations. All the results were incorporated into one series for the period 1734–2003 to
form the Vestlandet composite series.
The reconstruction method using terminal-moraine sequences was tested against the modern instrumental Bergen series
for the periods of moraine formations in front of the glaciers. The agreement with the instrumental series was good, with
the mean difference for all periods being only 0.2°C. Analyses of decadal variations in western Norway revealed three
periods of low spring–summer temperatures: around 1740, in the first decade of the 19th century, and in the 1830s.
These periods are well known from historic records as periods of starvation, during which the use of bark bread became
common
Initial results from Phase 2 of the international urban energy balance model comparison

Urban land surface schemes have been developed to model the distinct features of the urban surface and the associated energy exchange processes. These models have been developed for a range of purposes and make different assumptions related to the inclusion and representation of the relevant processes. Here, the first results of Phase 2 from an international comparison project to evaluate 32 urban land surface schemes are presented. This is the first large-scale systematic evaluation of these models. In four stages, participants were given increasingly detailed information about an urban site for which urban fluxes were directly observed. At each stage, each group returned their models' calculated surface energy balance fluxes. Wide variations are evident in the performance of the models for individual fluxes. No individual model performs best for all fluxes. Providing additional information about the surface generally results in better performance. However, there is clear evidence that poor choice of parameter values can cause a large drop in performance for models that otherwise perform well. As many models do not perform well across all fluxes, there is need for caution in their application, and users should be aware of the implications for applications and decision making
Perspectives on the Social Psychology of Creativity

Scholars began serious study into the social psychology of creativity about 25 years after the field of creativity research had taken root. Over the past 35 years, examination of social and environmental influences on creativity has become increasingly vigorous, with broad implications for the psychology of human performance, and with applications to education, business, and beyond. In this article, we revisit the origins of the social psychology of creativity, trace its arc, and suggest directions for its future
The role of intuition in the creative process of expert chefs

Scholars studying intuition are frequently focusing on decision-takers and to this day conceptualize intuition as a form of judgment. More recently, the notion of intuition in creativity has been challenged by the argument that although the creative process may contain intuitive judgments, any creative idea or solution is essentially the result of intuitive insight. This interpretivist study seeks an increased understanding of the role of intuition in the creative process by providing empirical evidence from in-depth interviews with expert chefs. The findings show that the interviewees describe their experiences of the creative process in line with how the literature describes intuition and explain intuitive insight and judgment as instantaneous yet distinct and rapid processes
The future problem solving program international: an intervention to promote creative skills in portuguese adolescents

The Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI) is an internationally applied educational
program that involves young people. Its theoretical foundation is both the Creative Problem Solving
Model and the Futurist Thinking. It aims to promote creative and critical thinking through a futurist
approach to problems. This study intended to analyze the effects of the program on creative skills evaluated
by the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Figural Version). The participants’ perceptions of the
efficacy of the program were also assessed. This intervention was carried out with 131 adolescents over
a period of 7 months in an extra-curricular context. The evaluation of the program takes into account
periods both before and after interventions, using similar experimental and control groups. The results
showed significant statistical differences for the all skills studied and very positive perceptions of the
efficacy of FPSPI. Two significant gender differences in creative performance were also found. The
results are described and discussed in order to promote awareness for future research concerning this program(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Difficult differences: a socio-cultural analysis of how diversity can enable and inhibit creativity

The relationship between diversity and creativity can be seen as paradoxical. A diversity of perspectives should be advantageous for collaborative creativity, yet its benefits are often offset by adverse social processes. One suggestion for overcoming these negative effects is perspective taking. We compared four dyads with low scores on trait perspective taking with four dyads who were high on trait perspective taking on a brainstorming task followed by reconstructive interviews. Trait-based perspective taking was strongly associated with greater creativity. However, contrary with expectation, interactional perspective taking behaviors (including questioning, signaling understanding, repairing) were associated with lesser creativity. The dyads that generated the fewest ideas were most likely to get stuck within ideational domains, struggling to understand one-another, having to elaborate and justify their ideas more. In contrast, the dyads that generated many ideas were more likely to recognize each other's ideas as valuable without extensive justification or negotiation. We suggest that perspective taking is crucially important for mediating diversity in the generation of new ideas not only because it enables understanding the perspective of the other, but because it entails an atmosphere of tolerance, playfulness, and mutual recognitio
State and trait anger predicting creative process engagement – the role of emotion regulation.

Drawing on the specific emotion approach, and based on the emotional regulation theory and cognitive and activation perspectives on emotions, this study examined the differentiated impact of state and trait anger on creative process engagement (CPE) and the moderating influences of emotion reappraisal and suppression. Data were obtained from daily surveys (N = 422) of 98 employees from three consultancy companies. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis revealed that trait anger has a stronger impact on CPE than state anger does. Furthermore, the relationship between state anger and CPE is stronger when emotion reappraisal is lower, rather than higher, and the relationship between trait anger and CPE is also stronger when emotion suppression is lower, rather than higher
Making numbers come to life : two scoring methods for creativity in Aurora's Cartoon Numbers.

Although creativity has long been recognized as an important aspect of mathematical thinking, both for the advancement of the field and in students' developing expertise in mathematics, assessments of student creativity in that domain have been limited in number and focus. This article presents an assessment developed for creativity that provides a score for mathematical creativity (MaC) in addition to a score for general creativity in the numeric domain, or what we might call numerical creativity (NuC). We developed different rating scales for each and then explored how each scoring method accounts for the students' mathematical/numerical and creative skills. The psychometric properties for both scoring approaches were examined. Each method was shown to reflect different relationships with other performance tests. In addition, it is proposed that MaC may provide useful insight into students' levels of adaptive expertise in mathematics, as reflected by their ability to apply mathematical knowledge (i.e., language, operations, concepts) to novel situations, representing an informative supplement to performance indicators of math achievement
Creativity in early and established career:insights into multi-level drivers from Nobel Prize Winners

The freedom to try new things plays a vital role for employees engaging in creative endeavors. This freedom can be influenced by one's relationship with her supervisor, relationship with her team, and various work pressures. One of the first steps to reaching creative output is to have a playful attitude toward work where there is encouragement and processes that allow individuals to take risks and try new things. However, we argue that what allows someone to try new things earlier in their career and when they are more established might be different. Noteworthy progress has been made in conceptualizing the multi-level factors that are important for creativity. In the current study, we identified variables associated with a willingness to try new things, part of the exploration phase of creativity, and divided them by the early and established careers of 59 Nobel Prize winners. Using a historiometric approach, we rated individual and team-level variables to identify what makes someone try new things either earlier or later in her career. Findings indicate that willingness to try new things is related to autonomy, the relationship with one's mentor, team climate, and team network, but not to personal initiative
Building effective virtual teams: How to overcome the problems of trust and identity in virtual teams

International audienceThis article explores some of the challenges faced when managing virtual teams, in particular the role played by trust and identity in virtual teams. It outlines why teams and virtual teams have become a valuable part of the modern organization and presents ten short case studies that illustrate the range of activities in which virtual teams can be found. Following this, the article examines some of the common problems encountered in virtual team working. It discusses two broad classes of solutions. The first are solutions that are essentially technical in nature (i.e., where changes to or improvements in technology would help to solve or ameliorate the problem); the second are more organizationally based (i.e., where the root of the problem is in people and how they are managed). The article concludes that both the technical and the organizational solutions need to be considered in parallel if an attempt to build an effective virtual team is to be successful
What Cost Knowledge Management? The Example of Infosys

The term knowledge management (KM) first came to prominence in the late 1990s. Although initially dismissed as a fad, KM continues to be featured in articles concerning business productivity and innovation. And yet, clear-cut examples that demonstrate the success of KM are few and far between. A brief examination of the history of KM explores the reasons for this and looks at some of the assumptions about what KM can achieve. A subsequent analysis of the experiences of Infosys with KM shows that for KM to be successful, organizational leaders need to engage in a continuous process of modification and maintenance. Although KM initiatives can be made to yield worthwhile returns over an extended period, there are often substantial ongoing costs associated with them
Delivering loyalty via customer experience management at DHL Freight

Creating a positive customer experience enables a company to differentiate itself from the competition. This is particularly true in the highly fragmented road freight business, where the offering has become highly commoditized and price driven. DHL Freight, a leading provider of international road transportation solutions, set out to enhance the customer experience by bringing the voice of the customer into the organization, improving customer interactions, and developing an organization-wide customer-driven vision, common purpose, and value proposition. The need to engage the whole organization, across multiple locations and countries, in delivering an excellent customer experience was critical to the success of the initiative. Within 12 months of implementation, DHL Freight is seeing a major change in the culture and operations of the company. Encouraged by this success, each country in which DHL Freight operates is taking steps to appoint a dedicated customer experience leader in their respective senior management teams. The company's experiences point the way for implementing an effective customer management approach in other operations-driven businesses
Identifying dynamical instabilities in supply networks using generalized modeling

Abstract Supply networks need to exhibit stability in order to remain functional. Here, we apply a generalized modeling (GM) approach, which has a strong pedigree in the analysis of dynamical systems, to study the stability of real-world supply networks. It goes beyond purely structural network analysis approaches by incorporating material flows, which are defining characteristics of supply networks. The analysis focuses on the network of interactions between material flows, providing new conceptualizations to capture key aspects of production and inventory policies. We provide stability analyses of two contrasting real-world networks?that of an industrial engine manufacturer and an industry-level network in the luxury goods sector. We highlight the criticality of links with suppliers that involve the dispatch, processing, and return of parts or sub-assemblies, cyclic motifs that involve separate paths from a common supplier to a common firm downstream, and competing demands of different end products at specific nodes. Based on a critical discussion of our findings in the context of the supply chain management literature, we generate five propositions to advance knowledge and understanding of supply network stability. We discuss the implications of the propositions for the effective management, control, and development of supply networks. The GM approach enables fast screening to identify hidden vulnerabilities in extensive supply networks