pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Prodigal Sons: Dual Abrahamic Categorization Mediates the Detrimental Effects of Religious Fundamentalism on Christian—Muslim Relations

Religious fundamentalism is associated with Christian–Islamic conflicts globally, but the psychological reasons remain unexplored. Here, we show that fundamentalism is detrimental to interreligious relations because it makes Christians and Muslims alike reject common theological grounds and Abrahamic origins. Specifically, Study 1 demonstrated that such dual Abrahamic categories mediated the negative effects of fundamentalism on real monetary donations to outgroup children desperately in need (i.e., Save the Children Syria) among Christians but not Atheists. Of importance, this was the case only to the degree that Syrian children were perceived as Muslims and, hence, as part of an Abrahamic outgroup. Using a double-randomized experimental design, Study 2 demonstrated the causal effects of religious fundamentalism on Abrahamic categorization and of Abrahamic categorization on mutual resource distribution bias among Muslims and Christians. Together, these studies suggest that religious fundamentalism fuels interreligious conflicts because it crucially impacts basic categorization processes, with subsequent negative effects on intergroup relations
Lipid bilayer mediates ion-channel cooperativity in a model of hair-cell
  mechanotransduction

Mechanoelectrical transduction in the inner ear is a biophysical process
underlying the senses of hearing and balance. The key players involved in this
process are mechanosensitive ion channels. They are located in the stereocilia
of hair cells and opened by the tension in specialized molecular springs, the
tip links, connecting adjacent stereocilia. When channels open, the tip links
relax, reducing the hair-bundle stiffness. This gating compliance makes hair
cells especially sensitive to small stimuli. The classical explanation for the
gating compliance is that the conformational rearrangement of a single channel
directly shortens the tip link. However, to reconcile theoretical models based
on this mechanism with experimental data, an unrealistically large structural
change of the channel is required. Experimental evidence indicates that each
tip link is a dimeric molecule, associated on average with two channels at its
lower end. It also indicates that the lipid bilayer modulates channel gating,
although it is not clear how. Here, we design and analyze a model of
mechanotransduction where each tip link attaches to two channels, mobile within
the membrane. Their states and positions are coupled by membrane-mediated
elastic forces arising from the interaction between the channels' hydrophobic
cores and that of the lipid bilayer. This coupling induces cooperative opening
and closing of the channels. The model reproduces the main properties of
hair-cell mechanotransduction using only realistic parameters constrained by
experimental evidence. This work provides an insight into the fundamental role
that membrane-mediated ion-channel cooperativity can play in sensory
physiology.Comment: The Supporting Information is attached at the end as an included
  imag
Measurement of the properties of the Ξb∗0 baryon

We perform a search for near-threshold Ξb 0 resonances decaying to Ξb −π+ in a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. We observe one resonant state, with the following properties: (Formula presented.). This confirms the previous observation by the CMS collaboration. The state is consistent with the JP = 3/2+ Ξb ∗0 resonance expected in the quark model. This is the most precise determination of the mass and the first measurement of the natural width of this state. We have also measured the ratio (Formula presented.
Lin–Kernighan heuristic adaptations for the generalized traveling salesman problem

The Lin-Kernighan heuristic is known to be one of the most successful heuristics for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). It has also proven its efficiency in application to some other problems. In this paper, we discuss possible adaptations of TSP heuristics for the generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) and focus on the case of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm. At first, we provide an easy-to-understand description of the original Lin-Kernighan heuristic. Then we propose several adaptations, both trivial and complicated. Finally, we conduct a fair competition between all the variations of the Lin-Kernighan adaptation and some other GTSP heuristics. It appears that our adaptation of the Lin-Kernighan algorithm for the GTSP reproduces the success of the original heuristic. Different variations of our adaptation outperform all other heuristics in a wide range of trade-offs between solution quality and running time, making Lin-Kernighan the state-of-the-art GTSP local searc
Enhanced latent inhibition in high schizotypy individuals.

Latent inhibition refers to a retardation in learning about a stimulus that has been rendered familiar by non-reinforced preexposure, relative to a non-preexposed stimulus. Latent inhibition has been shown to be inversely correlated with schizotypy, and abnormal in people with schizophrenia, but these findings are inconsistent. One potential contributing factor to this inconsistency is that many tasks that purport to measure latent inhibition are confounded by alternative effects that also retard learning and co-vary with schizotypy (e.g. learned irrelevance and conditioned inhibition). Here, two within-participant experiments are reported that measure the effect of familiarity on learning without the confound of these alternative effects. Consistent with some of the clinical literature, a positive association was found between the rate of learning to the familiar, but not the novel, stimulus and the unusual-experiences dimension of schizotypy — implying abnormally persistent latent inhibition in high schizotypy individuals
NANTEN 12CO (J = 1 → 0) observations around the star WR 55

Context. We present a complete study of the molecular and ionized gas in the environs of the nebula RCW 78 around WR 55.
Aims. We investigate the spatial distribution, physical characteristics, and kinematical properties of the molecular gas linked to the galactic nebula RCW 78 to obtain a clearer understanding of its interaction with both the star and the ionized gas.
Methods. Our study is based on 12CO(1–0) fully sampled observations of a region of ∼0. ◦45 in size around the star WR 55 and the nebula RCW 78 obtained with the 4-m NANTEN telescope, radio continuum archival data at 1.4 and 4.85 GHz, obtained from the SGPS and PMNRAO Southern Radio Survey, respectively, and available infrared MIPSGAL images at 24 μm.
Results. A molecular gas component in the velocity range from ∼–58 km s−1 to –45 km s−1, which is compatible with the velocity of the ionized gas, was found to be associated with the optical nebula. Adopting a distance of ∼5 kpc, the mass of this molecular component is about 3.4 × 104 M . Our analysis of the molecular data reveals a velocity gradient that is consistent with that found for the Hα line. New radio-continuum flux-density determinations confirm the thermal nature of RCW 78. This indicates that the ionized gas in RCW 78 arises from the photoionization of the molecular gas component in the velocity range from −58 km s−1 to −45 km s−1.
A molecular concentration at a velocity of −56.1 km s−1 (identified as C1) is likely associated with the star HD 117797 and with an ensemble of candidate YSOs, lying at a distance of 3.9 kpc, while the rest of the molecular gas at velocities between –56 km s−1 and –46 km s−1 constitute an incomplete ring-like structure expanding around WR 55 at a velocity of about ∼5 km s−1. Mechanical energy and time requirements indicate that WR 55 is very capable of sustaining the expansion of the nebula.Fil: Duronea, Nicolas Urbano. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Invest.científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia; ArgentinaFil: Arnal, Edmundo Marcelo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Invest.científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Testori, Juan Carlos. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Invest.científicas. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia; Argentin
Keck-I MOSFIRE spectroscopy of compact star-forming galaxies at z >~ 2 : high velocity dispersions in progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies

We present Keck-I MOSFIRE near-infrared spectroscopy for a sample of 13 compact star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at redshift 2 <= z <= 2.5 with star formation rates of SFR similar to 100M(circle dot)yr(-1) and masses of log( M/M-circle dot) similar to 10.8. Their high integrated gas velocity dispersions of sigma(int) = 230(-30)(+40)km s(-1), as measured from emission lines of Ha and [O III], and the resultant M-star-sigma(int) relation and M-star-M-dyn all match well to those of compact quiescent galaxies at z similar to 2, as measured from stellar absorption lines. Since log( M-star/M-dyn)= -0.06 +/- 0.2 dex, these compact SFGs appear to be dynamically relaxed and evolved, i.e., depleted in gas and dark matter (<13(-13)(+17)%), and present larger sint than their non-compact SFG counterparts at the same epoch. Without infusion of external gas, depletion timescales are short, less than similar to 300 Myr. This discovery adds another link to our new dynamical chain of evidence that compact SFGs at z greater than or similar to 2 are already losing gas to become the immediate progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies by z similar to 2
The UK food retail “race for space” and market saturation: a contemporary review

This conceptual review paper explores food retail space saturation in the UK in the light of an apparent recent peak of store space growth, an inferred decline of the hypermarket format, and, in particular, the stagnation and subsequent deterioration in performance of the UK market leader, Tesco. Despite saturation being widely discussed by retail executives and analysts, the last significant academic work in this area occurred in the mid-1990s. In this paper, we develop an understanding of retail saturation that rests on a spatial conceptualisation of retail development at a local catchment level and rationalise why, and in what ways, saturation manifests itself through sales impacts and cannibalisation. In the process, we analyse the differing local effects of new store openings, store extensions and format innovation to illustrate how saturation is contingent upon local catchment conditions, competitive interactions and the particular geography of retail brands and formats. Although a significant slow-down in new store construction may be a logical response at the level of the industry, this may not necessarily be the case for individual retail firms
Shell gaps and pn pairing interaction in N = Z nuclei

We analyze the observed shell gaps in N=Z nuclei determined from the binding
energy differences. It is found that the shell gaps can be described by the
combined contributions from the single-particle level spacing, the like-nucleon
pairing, and the proton-neutron pairing interaction. This conclusion is
consistent with that of Chasman in Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 082501. For the
double-closed shell N=Z nuclei, the single-particle level spacings calculated
with Woods-Saxon potential are very close to those obtained by subtracting the
nn pairing interaction from the observed shell gap. For the sub-closed or
non-closed shell N=Z nuclei, the pn pairing interaction is shown to be
important for the observed shell gaps.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Origin of the low-mass electron pair excess in light nucleus-nucleus
  collisions

We report measurements of electron pair production in elementary p+p and d+p
reactions at 1.25 GeV/u with the HADES spectrometer. For the first time, the
electron pairs were reconstructed for n+p reactions by detecting the proton
spectator from the deuteron breakup. We find that the yield of electron pairs
with invariant mass Me+e- > 0.15 GeV/c2 is about an order of magnitude larger
in n+p reactions as compared to p+p. A comparison to model calculations
demonstrates that the production mechanism is not sufficiently described yet.
The electron pair spectra measured in C+C reactions are compatible with a
superposition of elementary n+p and p+p collisions, leaving little room for
additional electron pair sources in such light collision systems.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, \usepackage{epsfig
Towards an 'average' version of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture

The Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture states that the rank of the
Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve E equals the order of vanishing at the
central point of the associated L-function L(s,E). Previous investigations have
focused on bounding how far we must go above the central point to be assured of
finding a zero, bounding the rank of a fixed curve or on bounding the average
rank in a family. Mestre showed the first zero occurs by O(1/loglog(N_E)),
where N_E is the conductor of E, though we expect the correct scale to study
the zeros near the central point is the significantly smaller 1/log(N_E). We
significantly improve on Mestre's result by averaging over a one-parameter
family of elliptic curves, obtaining non-trivial upper and lower bounds for the
average number of normalized zeros in intervals on the order of 1/log(N_E)
(which is the expected scale). Our results may be interpreted as providing
further evidence in support of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, as
well as the Katz-Sarnak density conjecture from random matrix theory (as the
number of zeros predicted by random matrix theory lies between our upper and
lower bounds). These methods may be applied to additional families of
L-functions.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figures, revised first draft (fixed some typos
Intrinsic Deviation from the Tri-bimaximal Neutrino Mixing in a Class of
  A_4 Flavor Models

It is well known that the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern V_0 can be
derived from a class of flavor models with the non-Abelian A_4 symmetry. We
point out that small corrections to V_0, which are inherent in the A_4 models
and arise from both the charged-lepton and neutrino sectors, have been omitted
in the previous works. We show that such corrections may lead the 3 \times 3
neutrino mixing matrix V to a non-unitary deviation from V_0, but they cannot
result in a nonzero value of \theta_13 or any new CP-violating phases. Current
experimental constraints on the unitarity of V allow us to constrain the model
parameters to some extent.Comment: 11 pages, no figures; a reference added, accepted for publication in
  Phys. Lett.
New observations of ULX supershells, and their implications

New optical narrowband imaging observations of the fields of several ULXs are
presented. Known supershell nebulae are associated with a number of these ULXs,
which we detect in emission line filters such as [S II], He II, [O II] and [O
III]. New nebulae are discovered, which are candidate ULX-powered supershells.
The morphologies and emission line fluxes of these nebulae could then be used
to infer the properties of the emitting gas, which gives clues to the
energizing source (photoionization and/or shock-excitation, both possibly from
the ULX). Studies of supershells powered by ULXs can help to constrain the
nature of ULXs themselves, such as the isotropy of the X-ray emission and the
strength of their outflows.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomische
  Nachrichten (Astronomical Notes), to appear in the proceedings of the
  conference "Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources and Middle Weight Black Holes"
  (Madrid, May 24-26, 2010
Emergence of the Electroweak Scale through the Higgs Portal

Having discovered a candidate for the final piece of the Standard Model, the
Higgs boson, the question remains why its vacuum expectation value and its mass
are so much smaller than the Planck scale (or any other high scale of new
physics). One elegant solution was provided by Coleman and Weinberg, where all
mass scales are generated from dimensionless coupling constants via dimensional
transmutation. However, the original Coleman-Weinberg scenario predicts a Higgs
mass which is too light; it is parametrically suppressed compared to the mass
of the vectors bosons, and hence is much lighter than the observed value. In
this paper we argue that a mass scale, generated via the Coleman-Weinberg
mechanism in a hidden sector and then transmitted to the Standard Model through
a Higgs portal, can naturally explain the smallness of the electroweak scale
compared to the UV cutoff scale, and at the same time be consistent with the
observed value. We analyse the phenomenology of such a model in the context of
present and future colliders and low energy measurements.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures; additional SM corrections included and
  references adde
Harmless R-parity violation from Z_{12-I} compactification of E_8 X E_8'
  heterotic string

In a recent $\Z_{12-I}$ orbifold model, an approximate $Z_2$ symmetry which
forbids the baryon number violating operators up to sufficiently high orders is
found. The dimension-4 $\Delta B\ne 0$ operators of the MSSM fields occur at
dimension 10. The effective dimension-5 $\Delta B\ne 0$ operators derived from
these are harmless if some VEVs of neutral singlets are O(1/10) times the
string scale. The main reason for forbidding these $\Delta B\ne 0$ operators up
to such a high order is the large order N=12 of $\Z_N$ since the $H$-momentum
rule is $(-1,1,1)$ mod (12, 3, 12). For a lower order $N<12$, the $\Delta B\ne
0$ operators would appear at lower dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, revtex4 forma
UV and EUV Emissions at the Flare Foot-points Observed by AIA

A solar flare is composed of impulsive energy release events by magnetic
reconnection, which forms and heats flare loops. Recent studies have revealed a
two-phase evolution pattern of UV 1600\AA\ emission at the feet of these loops:
a rapid pulse lasting for a few seconds to a few minutes, followed by a gradual
decay on timescales of a few tens of minutes. Multiple band EUV observations by
AIA further reveal very similar signatures. These two phases represent
different but related signatures of an impulsive energy release in the corona.
The rapid pulse is an immediate response of the lower atmosphere to an intense
thermal conduction flux resulting from the sudden heating of the corona to high
temperatures (we rule out energetic particles due to a lack of significant hard
X-ray emission). The gradual phase is associated with the cooling of hot plasma
that has been evaporated into the corona. The observed footpoint emission is
again powered by thermal conduction (and enthalpy), but now during a period
when approximate steady state conditions are established in the loop. UV and
EUV light curves of individual pixels may therefore be separated into
contributions from two distinct physical mechanisms to shed light on the nature
of energy transport in a flare. We demonstrate this technique using
coordinated, spatially resolved observations of UV and EUV emission from the
footpoints of a C3.2 thermal flare
Spin-5 Casimir Operator and Its Three-Point Functions with Two Scalars

By calculating the second-order pole in the operator product expansion (OPE)
between the spin-3 Casimir operator and the spin-4 Casimir operator known
previously, the spin-5 Casimir operator is obtained in the coset model based on
(A_{N-1}^{(1)} \oplus A_{N-1}^{(1)}, A_{N-1}^{(1)}) at level (k,1). This spin-5
Casimir operator consisted of the quintic, quartic (with one derivative) and
cubic (with two derivatives) WZW currents contracted with SU(N) invariant
tensors. The three-point functions with two scalars for all values of 't Hooft
coupling in the large N limit were obtained by analyzing the zero-mode
eigenvalue equations carefully. These three-point functions were dual to those
in AdS_3 higher spin gravity theory with matter. Furthermore, the exact
three-point functions that hold for any finite N and k are obtained. The zero
mode eigenvalue equations for the spin-5 current in CFT coincided with those of
the spin-5 field in asymptotic symmetry algebra of the higher spin theory on
the AdS_3. This paper also describes the structure constant appearing in the
spin-4 Casimir operator from the OPE between the spin-3 Casimir operator and
itself for N=4, 5 in the more general coset minimal model with two arbitrary
levels (k_1, k_2).Comment: 71 pages; many improvements in the whole paper done and to appear in
  JHE
BMS supertranslations and Weinberg's soft graviton theorem

Recently it was conjectured that a certain infinite-dimensional "diagonal"
subgroup of BMS supertranslations acting on past and future null infinity
(${\mathscr I}^-$ and ${\mathscr I}^+$) is an exact symmetry of the quantum
gravity ${\cal S}$-matrix, and an associated Ward identity was derived. In this
paper we show that this supertranslation Ward identity is precisely equivalent
to Weinberg's soft graviton theorem. Along the way we construct the canonical
generators of supertranslations at ${\mathscr I}^\pm$, including the relevant
soft graviton contributions. Boundary conditions at the past and future of
${\mathscr I}^\pm$ and a correspondingly modified Dirac bracket are required.
The soft gravitons enter as boundary modes and are manifestly the Goldstone
bosons of spontaneously broken supertranslation invariance.Comment: 14 pages; Corrected typos in Section
Leptogenesis in crossing and runaway regimes

We study the impact of effective thermal masses and widths on resonant
leptogenesis. We identify two distinct possibilities which we refer to as
crossing and runaway regimes. In the runaway regime the mass difference grows
monotonously with temperature, whereas it initially decreases in the crossing
regime, such that the effective masses become equal at some temperature.
Following the conventional logic the source of the asymmetry would vanish in
the latter case. Using non-equilibrium quantum field theory, we analytically
demonstrate that the vanishing of the difference of the effective masses does
however neither imply a suppression nor a strong enhancement of the source for
the lepton asymmetry. In the vicinity of the crossing point the asymmetry
calculated in an (improved) Boltzmann limit develops a spurious peak, which
signals the breakdown of the quasiparticle approximation. In the exact result
this spurious enhancement is compensated by coherent transitions between the
two mass shells. Despite the breakdown of the quasiparticle approximation
off-shell contributions remain negligibly small even at the crossing point.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures, figures 3 and 6 are animation