pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dilepton bounds on left–right symmetry at the LHC run II and neutrinoless double beta decay

AbstractIn the light of the new 13 TeV dilepton data set with 3.2 fb−1 integrated luminosity from the ATLAS Collaboration, we derive limits on the Z′ mass in the context of left–right symmetric models and exploit the complementarity with dijet and lljj data, as well as neutrinoless double beta decay. We keep the ratio of the left- and right-handed gauge coupling free in order to take into account different patterns of left–right symmetry breaking. By combining the dielectron and dimuon data we can exclude Z′ masses below 3 TeV for gR=gL, and for gR∼1 we rule out masses up to ∼4 TeV. Those comprise the strongest direct bounds on the Z′ mass from left–right models up to date. We show that in the usual plane of right-handed neutrino and charged gauge boson mass, dilepton data can probe a region of parameter space inaccessible to neutrinoless double beta decay and lljj studies. Lastly, through the mass relation between WR and Z′ we present an indirect bound on the lifetime of neutrinoless double beta decay using dilepton data. Our results prove that the often ignored dilepton data in the context of left–right models actually provide important complementary limits
Deformation of Dijkgraaf–Vafa relation via spontaneously broken N=2 supersymmetry

AbstractIt is known that the fermionic shift symmetry of the N=1, U(N) gauge model with a superpotential of an adjoint chiral superfield is replaced by the second (spontaneously broken) supersymmetry in the N=2, U(N) gauge model with a prepotential and Fayet–Iliopoulos parameters. Based on a diagrammatic analysis, we demonstrate how the well-known form of the effective superpotential in the former model is modified in the latter. A set of two equations on the one-point functions stating the Konishi anomaly is modified accordingly
Genetically Modified Maize: Less Drudgery for Her, More Maize for Him? Evidence from Smallholder Maize Farmers in South Africa

SummaryGenetically modified (GM) crop technologies have made great strides since its first introduction in 1996. Although there is an extensive and growing body of literature on the economic impact of the adoption of GM crops in both developing and developed economies, there is only scant evidence that the technology has had any specific and distinguishable impact among female and male farmers. In economies where female farmers and female household members have a significant and often differentiated role in agriculture production, it is crucial to be able to answer this question. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative results from a study of the gender-specific adoption and performance effects of insect resistant (Bt) and herbicide-tolerant (HT) maize produced by smallholder farmers in the Kwa Zulu Natal province in South Africa. The findings indicate that women farmers value the labor-saving benefit of HT maize alongside the stacked varieties which offer both insect control and labor saving. Higher yields are the main reason behind male adoption, while female farmers tend to favor other aspects like taste, quality, and the ease of farming herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops. Women farmers (and also children) saved significant time because less weeding is required, an activity that has traditionally been the responsibility of female farmers. The newer stacked varieties were preferred by both male and female farmers and seemed to be in high demand by both groups. However, lack of GM seed availability in the region and poor market access were possible limitations to the adoption and spread of the technology
Production of doubly strange hypernuclei via Ξ− doorways in the O16(K−,K+) reaction at 1.8 GeV/c

AbstractWe examine theoretically production of doubly strange hypernuclei, CΞ−16 and 16ΛΛC, in double-charge exchange O16(K−,K+) reactions using a distorted-wave impulse approximation. The inclusive K+ spectrum at the incident momentum pK−=1.8 GeV/c and scattering angle θlab=0° is estimated in a one-step mechanism, K−p→K+Ξ− via Ξ− doorways caused by a Ξ−p–ΛΛ coupling. The calculated spectrum in the Ξ− bound region indicates that the integrated cross sections are on the order of 7–12 nb/sr for significant 1− excited states with C14(0+,2+)⊗sΛpΛ configurations in 16ΛΛC via the doorway states of the spin-stretched N15(1/2−,3/2−)⊗sΞ− in CΞ−16 due to a high momentum transfer qΞ−≃400 MeV/c. The Ξ− admixture probabilities of these states are on the order of 5–9%. However, populations of the 0+ ground state with C14(0+)⊗sΛ2 and the 2+ excited state with C14(2+)⊗sΛ2 are very small. The sensitivity of the spectrum on the ΞN–ΛΛ coupling strength enables us to extract the nature of ΞN–ΛΛ dynamics in nuclei, and the nuclear (K−,K+) reaction can extend our knowledge of the S=−2 world
A Language for Verification and Manipulation of Web Documents (Extended Abstract)

AbstractIn this paper we develop the language theory underpinning the logical framework PLF. This language features lambda abstraction with patterns and application via pattern-matching. Reductions are allowed in patterns. The framework is particularly suited as a metalanguage for encoding rewriting logics and logical systems where proof terms have a special syntactic constraints, as in term rewriting systems, and rule-based languages. PLF is a conservative extension of the well-known Edinburgh Logical Framework LF. Because of sophisticated pattern matching facilities PLF is suitable for verification and manipulation of HXML documents
Micro-tweezers: Design, fabrication, simulation and testing of a pneumatically actuated micro-gripper for micromanipulation and microtactile sensing

AbstractThis paper presents a novel micro-gripper design with the dual functions of manipulation and force sensing. The device consists of two parallel plates, each mounted on torsion bars, which can be made to rotate towards or away from each other by use of a pneumatically- or hydraulically-actuated elastic membrane. The plates can be conveniently fabricated using photo-etching and the design allows for a range of ratios between actuation pressure and tip opening displacement and force. The elastic gripping tips can be designed to provide sufficient compliance that their strain can be used to monitor and control the gripping force. An exemplar device has been fabricated and its behaviour characterised by a series of mechanical measurements of force and displacement. These measurements have been rationalised using a simple analytical model, backed up with finite element analysis to emphasise the design variables and scalability. This exemplar device, with a maximum tip opening amplitude of 1mm and maximum force output of 50mN, has also been demonstrated to perform pick-and-place operations with 200μm micro-beads
EB Ford revisited: assessing the long-term stability of wing-spot patterns and population genetic structure of the meadow brown butterfly on the Isles of Scilly.

Understanding selection in the wild remains a major aim of evolutionary ecology and work by Ford and colleagues on the meadow brown butterfly Maniola jurtina did much to ignite this agenda. A great deal of their work was conducted during the 1950s on the Isles of Scilly. They documented island-specific wing-spot patterns that remained consistent over about a decade, but patterns on some islands changed after environmental perturbation. It was suggested that these wing-spot patterns reflected island-specific selection and that there was little migration between islands. However, genetic studies to test the underlying assumption of restricted migration are lacking and it is also unknown whether the originally described wing-spot patterns have persisted over time. We therefore collected female butterflies from five of Ford’s original study locations, including three large islands (St Mary’s, St Martin’s and Tresco) and two small islands (Tean and St Helen’s). Wing-spot patterns had not changed appreciably over time on three of the islands (two large and one small), but were significantly different on the other two. Furthermore, analysis of 176 amplified fragment length polymorphisms revealed significant genome-wide differentiation among the five islands. Our findings are consistent with Ford’s conclusions that despite the close proximity of these islands, there is restricted gene flow among them.SW Baxter, JI Hoffman, T Tregenza, N Wedell and DJ Hoske
Logarithmic speeds for one-dimensional perturbed random walk in random environment

We study the random walk in random environment on Z+ = f0; 1; 2; : : :g, where the environment is subject to a vanishing (random) perturbation. The two particular cases that we consider are: (i) random walk in random environment perturbed from Sinai's regime; (ii) simple random walk with random perturbation. We give almost sure results on how far the random walker is from the origin, for almost every environment. We give both upper and lower almost sure bounds. These bounds are of order (log t), for 2 (1;1), depending on the perturbation. In addition, in the ergodic cases, we give results on the rate of decay of the stationary distribution
Inclusive b-hadron production cross section with muons in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of the b-hadron production cross section in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7TeV is presented. The dataset, corresponding to 85 nb-1, was recorded with the CMS experiment at the LHC using a low-threshold single-muon trigger. Events are selected by the presence of a muon with transverse momentum pμ T > 6GeV with respect to the beam direction and pseudorapidity |ζμ| < 2.1. The transverse momentum of the muon with respect to the closest jet discriminates events containing b hadrons from background. The inclusive b-hadron production cross section is presented as a function of muon transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured total cross section in the kinematic acceptance is σ(pp → b + X → μ + X′) = 1.32 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.30(syst) ± 0.15(lumi)μb.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
The Effect of Ambient Scent on Consumers’ Perception, Emotions and Behaviour – a Critical Review

The effect of olfactory stimuli on consumer behaviour has received little attention in marketing and retailing literature compared to other atmospheric cues. Researchers report ambiguous findings and shortcomings of measurement approaches. Based on a critical literature review, a field experiment in a regional shopping mall investigates the effectiveness of ambient scent. Before-and-after surveys of randomly selected shoppers in experimental and control groups were conducted and different experimental designs simulated. Those designs not controlling either extraneous variables or attitudinal differences between the control and experimental group reveal a positive effect on factors operationalising mall perception and consumers' emotions. The design controlling both sources of bias indicates no impact of ambient scent on the dependent variables. None of the behavioural variables were affected in any case. This paper questions prior findings on the effectiveness of ambient scent in a shopping-mall environment and calls for more rigour in investigating the effectiveness of atmospheric stimuli in general
An online repository of Swift/XRT light curves of Γ-ray bursts

Context.Swift data are revolutionising our understanding of Gamma Ray Bursts. Since bursts fade rapidly, it is desirable to create and disseminate accurate light curves rapidly.\ud
Aims.To provide the community with an online repository of X-ray light curves obtained with Swift. The light curves should be of the quality expected of published data, but automatically created and updated so as to be self-consistent and rapidly available.\ud
Methods.We have produced a suite of programs which automatically generates Swift/XRT light curves of GRBs. Effects of the damage to the CCD, automatic readout-mode switching and pile-up are appropriately handled, and the data are binned with variable bin durations, as necessary for a fading source. \ud
Results.The light curve repository website (http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_curves) contains light curves, hardness ratios and deep images for every GRB which Swift's XRT has observed. When new GRBs are detected, light curves are created and updated within minutes of the data arriving at the UK Swift Science Data Centre.Peer-reviewedPublisher PD
Accommodation stimulus-response function and retinal image quality

Accommodation stimulus-response function (ASRF) and its relationship to retinal image quality were investigated using a modified wavefront sensor. Ten subjects were presented with six vergence stimuli between 0.17 D and 5 D. For each vergence distance, ocular wavefronts and subjective visual acuity were measured. Wavefronts were analysed for a fixed 3-mm pupil diameter and for natural pupil sizes. Visual Strehl ratio computed in the frequency domain (VSOTF) and retinal images were calculated for each condition tested. Subjective visual acuity was significantly improved at intermediate vergence distances (1 D and 2 D; p<0.01), and only decreased significantly at 5 D compared with 0.17 D (p<0.05). VSOTF magnitude was associated with subjective visual acuity and VSOTF peak location correlated with accommodation error. Apparent accommodation errors due to spherical aberration were highly correlated with accommodation lead and lag for natural pupils (R2 = 0.80) but not for fixed 3-mm pupils (R2 < 0.00). The combination of higher-order aberrations and accommodation errors improved retinal image quality compared with accommodation errors or higher order aberrations alone. Pupil size and higher order aberrations play an important role in the ASRF
Brain area-specific effect of TGF-beta signaling on Wnt-dependent neural stem cell expansion

Regulating the choice between neural stem cell maintenance versus differentiation determines growth and size of the developing brain. Here we identify TGF-beta signaling as a crucial factor controlling these processes. At early developmental stages, TGF-beta signal activity is localized close to the ventricular surface of the neuroepithelium. In the midbrain, but not in the forebrain, Tgfbr2 ablation results in ectopic expression of Wnt1/beta-catenin and FGF8, activation of Wnt target genes, and increased proliferation and horizontal expansion of neuroepithelial cells due to shortened cell-cycle length and decreased cell-cycle exit. Consistent with this phenotype, self-renewal of mutant neuroepithelial stem cells is enhanced in the presence of FGF and requires Wnt signaling. Moreover, TGF-beta signal activation counteracts Wnt-induced proliferation of midbrain neuroepithelial cells. Thus, TGF-beta signaling controls the size of a specific brain area, the dorsal midbrain, by antagonizing canonical Wnt signaling and negatively regulating self-renewal of neuroepithelial stem cells
Measurement of electroweak-induced production of W$γ$ with two jets in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings

A measurement of electroweak-induced production of Wγ and two jets is performed, where the W boson decays leptonically. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$ collected by the CMS experiment in $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC. Candidate events are selected with exactly one muon or electron, missing transverse momentum, one photon, and two jets with large rapidity separation. An excess over the hypothesis of the standard model without electroweak production of W$γ$ with two jets is observed with a significance of 2.7 standard deviations. The cross section measured in the fiducial region is 10.8 $\pm$ 4.1(stat) $\pm$ 3.4(syst) $\pm$ 0.3(lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model electroweak prediction. The total cross section for W$γ$ in association with two jets in the same fiducial region is measured to be 23.2 $\pm$ 4.3(stat) $\pm$ 1.7(syst) $\pm$ 0.6(lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction from the combination of electroweak and quantum chromodynamics-induced processes. No deviations are observed from the standard model predictions and experimental limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings $f_{M,0−7}/Λ^4,f_{T,0−2}/Λ^4,$ and$ f_{T,5−7}/Λ^4$ are set at 95% confidence level
Intersection of world-lines on curved surfaces and path-ordering of the
  Wilson loop

We study contact interactions for long world-lines on a curved surface,
focusing on the average number of times two world-lines intersect as a function
of their end-points. The result can be used to extend the concept of
path-ordering, as employed in the Wilson loop, from a closed curve into the
interior of a surface spanning the curve. Taking this surface as a string
world-sheet yields a generalisation of the string contact interaction
previously used to represent the Abelian Wilson loop as a tensionless string.
We also describe a supersymmetric generalisation.Comment: 28 pages, 2 figure
Triangulating Clustered Graphs

A clustered graph C=(G,T) consists of an undirected graph G and a rooted tree T in which the leaves of T correspond to the vertices of G=(V,E) . Each vertex mu in T corresponds to a subset of the vertices of the graph called ''cluster''. C -planarity is a natural extension of graph planarity for clustered graphs. As we triangulate a planar embedded graph so that G is still planar embedded after triangulation, we consider triangulation of a c -connected clustered graph that preserve the c -planar embedding. In this paper, we provide a linear time algorithm for triangulating c -connected c -planar embedded clustered graphs C=(G,T) so that C is still c -planar embedded after triangulation. We assume that every non-trivial cluster in C has at least two childcluster. This is the first time, this problem was investigated
Earth-based render of tabique walls – an experimental work contribution

A research work focused on studying earth render for tabique application purposes is presented. Initially, a brief description of the tabique building technique is provided. The relevance of the application of this traditional building technique is also highlighted. Different compositions of earth render are experimentally analysed and the respective performance is evaluated. Flexural and compressive strengths, workability, drying shrinkage cracking and water resistance are the material properties assessed. A simple earth render is selected as being adequate for tabique building applications and it is applied on the manufacturing of a tabique wall sample. This wall sample is monitored in terms of thermal insulation ability and its thermal transmission coefficient is estimated. Taking into account that there is still a lack of published technical information related to this topic, this paper may contribute to solve this limitation and to give some guidance in future repairing processes of tabique construction. The technological benefit of adding lime or cement with earth is researched. Real tabique timber structure samples are applied in order to validate the obtained experimental results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

(Summary) BACKGROUND: Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk. METHODS: In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores. FINDINGS: Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA1c(0·03%, -0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, -0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m2, -0·09 to 0·30). INTERPRETATION: PCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Search for B+c decays to the ppπ+ final state

A search for the decays of the B+ c meson to pp¯π+ is performed for the first time using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. No signal is found and an upper limit, at 95 confidence level, is set, fc fu × B(B+ c → ppπ+) < 3.6 × 10−8 in the kinematic region m(pp) < 2.85 GeV/c2, pT(B) < 20 GeV/c and 2.0 < y(B) < 4.5, where B is the branching fraction and fc ( fu) is the fragmentation fraction of the b quark into a Bc+ (B+) meson