pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Application of ultrasonic tomography to characterize the mechanical state of standing trees (Picea abies)

International audienceWood is a biological growth medium. It is orthotropic with longitudinal, radial and tangential axes. Furthermore, standing trees adapt themselves to environmental growth conditions, and their material properties vary with age. These changes result in variations that are much more complex than anisotropy. Studying wood quality and intraspecific variability is useful for clonal selection and for the genetic improvement of plantations. In this study, two logs of Picea abies underwent transmission tomography. The mean diameter was 16 cm (26-year-old tree) and the moisture content was 22%. The effect of the presence of bark and artificial defects was investigated. The tomographic device was specifically built for tree imaging. The imaging process was automatic with 900 ultrasonic acquisitions in 40 minutes (emission at 55 kHz with 5 periods of square wave form). The main conclusions were: speed near the bark is higher than in the centre because of the existence of juvenile wood combined with the moisture content gradient (moisture content lower near the bark). Likewise, damping near the bark is lower than in the centre. A significant relationship was observed between slowness and attenuation (R²=0.50); when the speed increased, damping decreased. No clear effect of the presence of bark was shown on the tomographic images. The bark was thin (3 to 5 mm thick) compared to the wavelength (26 mm). The 10, 20 and 50 mm artificial holes were clearly visible on the tomographic images. However, quantitative tomography does not enable the precise location of defects
Urinary collecting system invasion is an independent prognostic factor of organ confined renal cell carcinoma.

International audiencePURPOSE: We evaluated urinary collecting system invasion as a prognostic parameter of renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1,124 patients who underwent nephrectomy for a renal tumor at 5 European centers were included in this retrospective study. Several variables were analyzed including urinary collecting system invasion, age, sex, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, histological subtype, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and cancer specific survival. RESULTS: There were 771 males (68.6%) and 353 females (31.4%) in this study, and median age was 61 years (range 14 to 88). Median tumor size was 6 cm (range 1 to 24). Tumors were organ confined and Fuhrman grade was recorded as 1 or 2 in 67.1% and 62.3% of cases, respectively. Symptoms were present at diagnosis, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 1 or more in 50.3% and 16.1% of the cases, respectively. Median followup was 43 months (range 1 to 299). At the end of followup 246 patients (21.9%) died of cancer. In 132 cases (11.7%) urinary collecting system invasion was noted. Urinary collecting system invasion was associated with symptoms, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, tumor size (p <0.001) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.003), but not with histological subtype (p = 0.7). On univariate analysis TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, symptoms, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor size and urinary collecting system invasion (p = 0.0001) were significant predictors of cancer specific survival. Urinary collecting system invasion was an independent prognostic parameter only in the setting of pT1-T2 tumors. When the urinary collecting system was invaded the 5 and 10-year probabilities of survival were 43% and 41%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary collecting system invasion appears to be an independent prognostic parameter of organ confined renal cell carcinoma. Our data support the need to integrate this parameter in further TNM revisions
Runtime Code Polymorphism as a Protection Against Side Channel Attacks

Part 3: Attacks to Software and Network SystemsInternational audienceWe present a generic framework for runtime code polymorphism, applicable to a broad range of computing platforms including embedded systems with low computing resources (e.g. microcontrollers with few kilo-bytes of memory). Code polymorphism is defined as the ability to change the observable behaviour of a software component without changing its functional properties. In this paper we present the implementation of code polymorphism with runtime code generation, which offers many code transformation possibilities: we describe the use of random register allocation, random instruction selection, instruction shuffling and insertion of noise instructions. We evaluate the effectiveness of our framework against correlation power analysis: as compared to an unprotected implementation of AES where the secret key could be recovered in less than 50 traces in average, in our protected implementation, we increased the number of traces necessary to achieve the same attack by more than 20000×. With regards to the state of the art, our implementation shows a moderate impact in terms of performance overhead
Using channeling properties for studying the impact parameter dependence of electron capture by 20 MeV/u uranium ions in a silicon crystal

Accepté a Physical Review AThe impact parameter dependence of electron capture by 20 MeV/u U$^{91+}$ ions has been studied by means of channeling in a 11 $\mu$m thick silicon crystal. Such ions are far from their equilibrium charge state in matter, and channeling offers a unique opportunity to study electron capture in conditions going from the extreme case of a single capture event (for the best channeled ions) to the case of multiple charge exchange events leading to the charge state equilibrium (for unchanneled ions). For each incident ion, the charge state at emergence, energy loss, electron emission and X-ray yields are measured. The correlations between these quantities are studied. The data are reproduced by simulations based on the ion flux distribution. We show that the Mechanical Electron Capture (MEC) dominates at impact parameters smaller than 0.5 Angstrom, whereas Radiative Electron Capture (REC) is the only process occurring beyond. Specific features associated to highly charged heavy ions at intermediate velocities are discussed, in particular ionization following capture into highly excited states, and local electron density enhancement due to the electron gas polarization. The measured impact parameter dependence of capture probabilities is compared to CDW-EIS (continuum distorted waves – eikonal initial state) calculations, extrapolated to n>5 final states
The PAC2MAN mission: a new tool to understand and predict solar energetic events

International audienceAn accurate forecast of flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) initiation requires precise measurements of the magnetic energy buildup and release in the active regions of the solar atmosphere. We designed a new space weather mission that performs such measurements using new optical instruments based on the Hanle and Zeeman effects. The mission consists of two satellites, one orbiting the L1 Lagrangian point (Spacecraft Earth, SCE) and the second in heliocentric orbit at 1AU trailing the Earth by 80° (Spacecraft 80, SC80). Optical instruments measure the vector magnetic field in multiple layers of the solar atmosphere. The orbits of the spacecraft allow for a continuous imaging of nearly 73% of the total solar surface. In-situ plasma instruments detect solar wind conditions at 1AU and ahead of our planet. Earth-directed CMEs can be tracked using the stereoscopic view of the spacecraft and the strategic placement of the SC80 satellite. Forecasting of geoeffective space weather events is possible thanks to an accurate surveillance of the magnetic energy buildup in the Sun, an optical tracking through the interplanetary space, and in-situ measurements of the near-Earth environment
Thermal imprint of rift-related processes in orogens as recorded in the Pyrenees

International audience19 The extent to which heat recorded in orogens reflects thermal conditions inherited from 20 previous rift-related processes is still debated and poorly documented. As a case study, we 21 examine the Mauléon basin in the north-western Pyrenees that experienced both extreme 22 crustal thinning and tectonic inversion within a period of ~30 Myrs. To constrain the time-23 temperature history of the basin in such a scenario, we provide new detrital zircon fission-24 track and (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology data. The role of rift-related processes in 25 subsequent collision is captured by inverse modeling of our thermochronological data, using 26 relationships between zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He ages and uranium content, combined with 27 thermo-kinematic models of a rift-orogen cycle. We show that the basin recorded significant 28 heating at about 100 Ma characterized by high geothermal gradients (~80°C/km). Our 29 thermo-kinematic modeling and geological constraints support the view that subcontinental 30 lithospheric mantle was exhumed at that time below the Mauléon basin. Such a high 31 geothermal gradient lasted 30 Myr after onset of convergence at ~83 Ma and was relaxed 32 during the collision phase from ~50 Ma. This study suggests that heat needed for ductile 33 shortening during convergence, is primarily inherited from extension rather than being only 34 related to tectonic and/or sedimentary burial. This should have strong implications on tectonic 35 reconstructions in many collision belts that resulted from inversion of hyper-extended rift 36 basins
Andean deformation and rift inversion, eastern edge of Cordillera Oriental (Guateque-Medina area), Colombia.

In the Guateque–Medina area, Paleozoic basement and Mesozoic rift basins have been uplifted and exhumed during the Andean orogeny (12 Ma to present). Surface exposures and subsurface data constrain the deformation style and the rift geometry. We have mapped a regional transect and restored a cross section. We have also reconciled existing stratigraphic data, from cordillera, foothills and foreland basin, and have added new data of our own. In Early Cretaceous shales, there is evidence for fault-controlled sedimentation. A brecciated evaporitic layer, which is locally emerald bearing, has acted as a regional detachment. The underlying basement, composed of Paleozoic sediments, crops out as the Quetame Massif. It was uplifted during the Andean orogeny on a series of high-angle reverse faults. The main SE-verging Tesalia fault has resulted from Andean reactivation of an Early Cretaceous normal fault, which bounded a half-rift. A series of NW-verging back-thrusts may have resulted from Andean reactivation of Paleozoic faults. Between the back-thrusts and the Tesalia fault is a basement pop-up. It may be part of a flower structure, because components of right-lateral slip have been identified. These are attributed to eastward subduction of the Nazca plate beneath South America. In general, the style and timing of Andean deformation in the Guateque–Medina area are compatible with the plate tectonic setting of the northern Andes
Endogenous interval games in oligopolies and the cores

International audienceIn this article we study interval games in oligopolies following the γ-approach. First, we analyze their non-cooperative foundation and show that each coalition is associated with an endogenous real interval. Second, the Hurwicz criterion turns out to be a key concept to provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the non-emptiness of each of the induced core solution concepts: the interval and the standard γ-cores. The first condition permits to ascertain that even for linear and symmetric industries the interval γ-core is empty. Moreover, by means of the approximation technique of quadratic Bézier curves we prove that the second condition always holds, hence the standard γ-core is non-empty, under natural properties of profit and cost functions
Late Quaternary co-seismic sedimentation in the Sea of Marmara's deep basins

25 pages, 15 figures, 1 tableauInternational audienceThe deep, northern, part of the Sea of Marmara (northwestern Turkey) is composed of several aligned, actively subsiding, basins, which are the direct structural and morphological expression of the North Anatolian Fault's northern branch. The last 20 kyr of their sedimentary fill (lacustrine before 12 kyr BP) have been investigated through giant piston coring onboard R/V MARION-DUFRESNE (MARMACORE Cruise, 2001) and chirp subbottom profiler onboard R/V ATALANTE during MARMARASCARPS Cruise (2002). Especially during the lacustrine stage, the infilling of the deep basins (Tekirda?, Central, Kumburgaz, and Çinarcic Basins; up to 1250 m depth) was dominated by turbidites (with coarse mixed siliciclastic and bioclastic basal part), intercalated in “hemipelagic-type” finegrained calcareous and slightly siliceous clays. Often – especially in the thickest ones – the turbidites show strong segregation and a sharp boundary between coarse part and suspendedload part. In the Central Basin, 8 m of a unique sedimentary event include a 5 to 8m-thick “homogenite” well imaged on seismic profiles. The latter is interpreted as related to a major – possibly triggered - tsunami effect, as described in the Eastern Mediterranean by Kastens and Cita (1981). In the marine (Holocene) upper part of the sedimentary fill, repeated to-and-from structures, affecting silt or fine sand, are evidencing seiche-like effects and, thus, earthquake triggering. Detailed correlations between two deep coring sites (1250 and 1200 m) indicate more than 100 % overthickening in the deepest one; this implies specific processes of distribution of terrigenous input by dense hyperpycnal currents (high kinetic energy, seiche effect, complex reflections on steep slopes). The peculiar sedimentary infilling of the Sea of Marmara's Central Basin (and, by extrapolation, of the whole set) is tentatively interpreted as a direct consequence of the strong seismic activity; the imprint of the latter is more obvious prior to the base of the Holocene, as environmental conditions favoured marginal accumulation (especially on the southern shelf) of large amounts of erosion products available for mass wasting
Carbon sinks in small Sahelian lakes as an unexpected effect of land use changes since the 1960s (Saga Gorou and Dallol Bosso, SW Niger)

International audienceFor several decades, global change has resulted in an increase in runoff in the Sahelian belt, provoking major changes in the quality and quantity of sediments transported by drainage networks. One of the astonishing consequences is the establishment of numerous permanent lakes. The origins of particulate organic matter (OM) preserved within lacustrine sediments of three lakes were investigated by coupling optical observations (palynofacies) and bulk geochemistry (Rock-Eval 6 pyrolysis). An initial estimate of particulate organic carbon (OC) stored in these lacustrine sediments was assessed. Soil organic matter (SOM) was sampled from the surface (0-10 cm) of various land-use and land-cover areas and was characterized and compared with sedimentary organic matter. Our results reveal that Lake Tankalawal is subjected to high autochthonous organic sedimentation (TOC ranges between 3.0 and 10.0 wt.%), while lakes Bangou Kirey and Bi are characterized by weak sedimentation of non-indigenous OM originating from the soil erosion and shore vegetation (TOC < 3.0 wt.%). In sediments, the effects of early diagenesis on the OM induce not only a loss of labile and aquatic OM but also a significant loss of terrestrial OM, which is supposed to be more resistant than its aquatic counterpart. Both the preservation of OM in top sediments and the relative preservation of terrestrial OM impact the OC storage in lakes. Indeed, OC storage in lacustrine sediments (Lake Bangou Kirey) was two to seven times higher than the OC storage in Sahelian soils, where greater contributions of terrestrial OM to sedimentary OM are associated with lower OC storage in lacustrine sediments. For lakes Bangou Kirey and Bi, OC accumulation rates were also assessed; due to the identification of a sedimentary limit corresponding to the establishment of permanent lakes dated earlier 1960s. High OC fluxes were estimated and ranged between 104 and 213 g OC m− 2 yr− 1. Compared with other OC accumulation rates for various African lakes, these high values are similar to those calculated for reservoirs and are related to anthropogenic pressure, soil textures favoring erosion, and proper physical and chemical conditions for OM preservation in sediments. Accordingly, in these Sahelian environments that are generally viewed as non-efficient in storing OC, we claim that global change could promote a new OC sink. If other similar studies reinforce our assertion, then regional C budgets should be revisited
Effects of thermal damage on physical properties and cracking behavior of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

International audienceIn this work, we study the impact of thermal damage on the physical and mechanical properties of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), especially on their cracking process under compressive loading. Four mixtures of UHPFRC were prepared using identical composition but reinforced with different types of fibers: mineral fibers (Steel or Wollastonite) or organic fibers (PP or PVA) and compared with that without fibers (UHPC). To induce a thermal damage on UHPFRC, the samples were subjected to temperatures ranging from 150 to 400 °C. After each degradation stage, the gas permeability and the P-wave velocity were measured. The mechanical behavior under loading has been studied using a uniaxial compression test which combines the gas permeability and the acoustic emission measurement. The results show that the melting of organic fibers at approximately 180 °C builds a tunnel across the cement paste and increases brutally the gas permeability. At 400 °C treatment, a decrease of compression strength by 30 % and of Young modulus by approximately 60 % was observed. However, we can see that the thermal damage results a decrease in the threshold of initial cracking (rk-ci) and that of unstable cracking (rk-pi), and this can be explained by the initiation of new cracks and their coalescence
Lagged effects of the Mistral wind on heavy precipitation through ocean-atmosphere coupling in the region of Valencia (Spain)

International audienceThe region of Valencia in Spain has historically been affected by heavy precipitation events (HPEs). These HPEs are known to be modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Balearic Sea. Using an atmosphere-ocean regional climate model, we show that more than 70 % of the HPEs in the region of Valencia present a SST cooling larger than the monthly trend in the Northwestern Mediterranean before the HPEs. This is linked to the breaking of a Rossby wave preceding the HPEs: a ridge-trough pattern at mid-levels centered over western France associated with a low-level depression in the Gulf of Genoa precedes the generation of a cut-off low over southern Spain with a surface depression over the Alboran Sea in the lee of the Atlas. This latter situation is favourable to the advection of warm and moist air towards the Mediterranean Spanish coast, possibly leading to HPEs. The depression in the Gulf of Genoa generates intense northerly (Mistral) to north-westerly (Tramontane/Cierzo) winds. In most cases, these intense winds trigger entrainment at the bottom of the oce-anic mixed layer which is a mechanism explaining part of the SST cooling in most cases. Our study suggests that the SST cooling due to this strong wind regime then persists until the HPEs and reduces the precipitation intensity
Implicit discrete-time twisting controller without numerical chattering: analysis and experimental results

International audienceIn this paper, we present an implementation of the sliding mode twisting controller on an electropneumatic plant for atracking control problem. To this end, implicitly and explicitly discretized twisting controllers are considered. We discusstheir structure, properties and implementations, as well as the experimental results. The analysis of the performancesustains the theoretical superiority of the implicitly discretized version, as shown in previous works. The main advantagesof the implicit method are better tracking performance and drastic reduction in the input and output chattering. This isachieved without modifying the structure of the controller compared to its continuous-time version. The tracking errorcannot be used as the sliding variable: it has a relative degree 3 w.r.t. the control input. The tuning of the sliding surfacehas well as some other parameters in the control loop was instrumental in achieving good performance. We detail theselection procedure of those parameters and their influence on the closed-loop behaviour. Finally we also present someresults with an implicitly discretized EBC-SMC controller
Electric Pulse Induced Resistive Switching, Electronic Phase Separation, and Possible Superconductivity in a Mott insulator

International audienceMetal-insulator transitions (MIT) belong to a class of fascinating physical phenomena, which includes superconductivity, and colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), that are associated with drastic modifications of electrical resistance. In transition metal compounds, MIT are often related to the presence of strong electronic correlations that drive the system into a Mott insulator state. In these systems the MIT is usually tuned by electron doping or by applying an external pressure. However, it was noted recently that a Mott insulator should also be sensitive to other external perturbations such as an electric field. We report here the first experimental evidence of a non-volatile electric-pulse-induced insulator-to-metal transition and possible superconductivity in the Mott insulator GaTa4Se8. Our Scanning Tunneling Microscopy experiments show that this unconventional response of the system to short electric pulses arises from a nanometer scale Electronic Phase Separation (EPS) generated in the bulk material
Pluton-dyke relationships in a Variscan granitic complex from AMS and gravity modelling. Inception of the extensional tectonics in the South Armorican Domain (France)

International audienceThe Carnac granitic Complex (South Armorican Domain, Western France) was emplaced during Late Carboniferous times in the deepest Variscan unit, roofed by two major extensional shear zones. Through the acquisition and interpretation of field data, Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility and gravity data, emphasized by petrological and structural observations, we address the emplacement model and possible magmatic processes involved between dyking to massive plutonism in a synkinematic context. Gravity modelling highlights an overall eastward thinning of the pluton, and several deep zones in the western part of the complex, interpreted as the pluton feeder zones. The internal granitic fabric, developed in a sub-solidus state, shows marked planar-linear anisotropy, consistent with a vertical shortening in the WNW-ESE regional stretching regime and eastward magma spreading. This study documents the occurrence of numerous NNE-SSW trending dykes within the eastern part of the pluton, suggesting that this granitic Complex formed by the coalescence of dykes oriented perpendicular to the regional stretching direction, and thus interpreted as large-scale "tension gashes". The synkinematic character of the Carnac Complex intrusion, recently dated at ca. 319 ± 6 Ma, thus times the inception of the late-orogenic extensional deformation experienced in the whole South Armorican Domain