pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Sigma terms and strangeness content of the nucleon with Nf=2+1+1 twisted mass fermions

We study the nucleon matrix elements of the quark scalar-density operator\ud
using maximally twisted mass fermions with dynamical light (u,d), strange and charm\ud
degrees of freedom. We demonstrate that in this setup the nucleon matrix elements of the\ud
light and strange quark densities can be obtained with good statistical accuracy, while for\ud
the charm quark counterpart only a bound can be provided. The present calculation which\ud
is performed at only one value of the lattice spacing and pion mass serves as a technical\ud
feasibility study for a future computation of the scalar quark content of the nucleon with\ud
a detailed analysis of the systematics
A previously unreported function of beta1B integrin isoform in caspase-8-dependent integrin-mediated keratinocyte death

Integrins regulate adhesive cell-matrix interactions and mediate survival signals. On the other hand, unligated or free cytoplasmic fragments of integrins induce apoptosis in many cell types (integrin-mediated death). We have previously shown that b1 integrins expression protects keratinocyte stem cells from anoikis, while the role of the b1B integrin isoform has never been clarified. Here we report that suspended keratinocytes undergo apoptosis via the activation of caspase-8, independently of Fas/Fas Ligand system. Indeed, anti-b1 integrin neutralizing antibodies induced apoptosis in short-hairpin-RNA-Fas-Associated-Death-Domain treated cells. Moreover, before and during suspension, caspase-8 directly associated with b1 integrin, that in turn internalized and progressively degraded, shedding the cytoplasmic domain. b1B was expressed only in the cytoplasm in a perinuclear fashion and remained unaltered during suspension. At 24 hrs, as b1A located close to the nucleus, b1B co-localized with b1A and co-immunoprecipitated with caspase-8. Caspase-8 was activated earlier in b1B integrin transfected keratinocytes, and these cells underwent a higher rate of apoptosis than mock cells. By contrast, caspase-8 was not activated in siRNA b1B transfected cells. These results indicate that when b1A is unligated, b1B is responsible for “integrin-mediated death” in human keratinocytes
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in root s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 35 pb(-1) of analysed data. Gluino masses below 500 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion increases to 870 GeV for equal mass squarks and gluinos. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan beta = 3, A(0) = 0 and μ> 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded below 775 GeV. These are the most stringent limits to date
Synthesis of tetrazole analogs of amino acids using Fmoc chemistry: isolation of amino free tetrazoles and their incorporation into peptides

An efficient synthesis of tetrazole analogs of amino acids starting from Nα-​Fmoc amino acid (Fmoc = 9-​fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) in a three-​step protocol is reported.  The free amino tetrazoles were obtained in good yields and with excellent purity after removal of the Fmoc group.  The synthesis of analogs of aspartic and glutamic acids in which the 5-​tetrazolyl moiety is inserted at the β​/γ carboxyl group starting from Fmoc-​Asn and Fmoc-​Gln and the incorporation of these tetrazoles into peptides are also described
In-Medium Pion Valence Distributions in a Light-Front Model

Pion valence distributions in nuclear medium and vacuum are studied in a
light-front constituent quark model. The in-medium input for studying the pion
properties is calculated by the quark-meson coupling model. We find that the
in-medium pion valence distribution, as well as the in-medium pion valence wave
function, are substantially modified at normal nuclear matter density, due to
the reduction in the pion decay constant.Comment: 16 pages. 10 eps figures, typos corrected. Version to appear Physics
  Letters
Radial-Velocity Fitting Challenge. II. First results of the analysis of
  the data set

Radial-velocity (RV) signals induce RV variations an order of magnitude
larger than the signal created by the orbit of Earth-twins, thus preventing
their detection. The goal of this paper is to compare the efficiency of the
different methods used to deal with stellar signals to recover extremely
low-mass planets despite. However, because observed RV variations at the m/s
precision level or below is a combination of signals induced by unresolved
orbiting planets, by the star, and by the instrument, performing such a
comparison using real data is extremely challenging. To circumvent this
problem, we generated simulated RV measurements including realistic stellar and
planetary signals. Different teams analyzed blindly those simulated RV
measurements, using their own method to recover planetary signals despite
stellar RV signals. By comparing the results obtained by the different teams
with the planetary and stellar parameters used to generate the simulated RVs,
it is therefore possible to compare the efficiency of these different methods.
The most efficient methods to recover planetary signals {take into account the
different activity indicators,} use red-noise models to account for stellar RV
signals and a Bayesian framework to provide model comparison in a robust
statistical approach. Using the most efficient methodology, planets can be
found down to K/N= K_pl/RV_rms*sqrt{N_obs}=5 with a threshold of K/N=7.5 at the
level of 80-90% recovery rate found for a number of methods. These recovery
rates drop dramatically for K/N smaller than this threshold. In addition, for
the best teams, no false positives with K/N > 7.5 were detected, while a
non-negligible fraction of them appear for smaller K/N. A limit of K/N = 7.5
seems therefore a safe threshold to attest the veracity of planetary signals
for RV measurements with similar properties to those of the different RV
fitting challenge systems.Comment: 36 pages (including 10 pages of appendix), 23 figures, Accepted in
  A&
Assessing peer review by gauging the fate of rejected manuscripts. The case of the Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation

This paper investigates the fate of manuscripts that were rejected from JASSS-The Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, the flagship journal of social simulation. We tracked 456 manuscripts that were rejected from 1997 to 2011 and traced their subsequent publication as journal articles, conference papers or working papers. We compared the impact factor of the publishing journal and the citations of those manuscripts that were eventually published against the yearly impact factor of JASSS and the number of citations achieved by the JASSS mean and top cited articles. Only 10% of the rejected manuscripts were eventually published in a journal that was indexed in the Web of Science (WoS), although most of the rejected manuscripts were published elsewhere. Being exposed to more than one round of reviews before rejection, having received a more detailed reviewer report and being subjected to higher inter-reviewer disagreement were all associated with the number of citations received when the manuscript was eventually published. This indicates that peer review could contribute to increasing the quality even of rejected manuscripts
Searches for supersymmetry with the ATLAS detector using final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions

Results of three searches are presented for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying into final states with missing transverse momentum and exactly two isolated leptons, e or μ. The analysis uses a data sample collected during the first half of 2011 that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 1 fb[superscript −1] of √s = 7 TeV  proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Opposite-sign and same-sign dilepton events are separately studied, with no deviations from the Standard Model expectation observed. Additionally, in opposite-sign events, a search is made for an excess of same-flavour over different-flavour lepton pairs. Effective production cross sections in excess of 9.9 fb for opposite-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 250 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. For same-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV, effective production cross sections in excess of 14.8 fb are excluded at 95% CL. The latter limit is interpreted in a simplified electroweak gaugino production model excluding chargino masses up to 200 GeV, under the assumption that slepton decay is dominant.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Search for the b b ¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson in associated ([W over Z])H production with the ATLAS detector

A search for the bb¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed with the ATLAS experiment using the full dataset recorded at the LHC in Run 1. The integrated luminosities used are 4.7 and 20.3 fb[superscript −1] from pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. The processes considered are associated (W/Z)H production, where W → [eν over μν], Z → [ee over μμ] and Z → νν. The observed (expected) deviation from the background-only hypothesis corresponds to a significance of 1.4 (2.6) standard deviations and the ratio of the measured signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be μ = 0.52 ± 0.32 (stat.) ± 0.24 (syst.) for a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The analysis procedure is validated by a measurement of the yield of ([W over Z])Z production with Z→bb¯ in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, from which the ratio of the observed signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be 0.74 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.14 (syst.).United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Search for supersymmetry in events with soft leptons, low jet multiplicity, and missing transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

Results are presented from a search for supersymmetric particles in scenarios with small mass splittings. The data sample corresponds to 19.7 fb$^{−1}$ of proton–proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV . The search targets top squark ( $\tilde{t}$ ) pair production in scenarios with mass differences Δm=m($\tilde{t}$)−m($\tilde{x}^{0}_{1}$) below the W-boson mass and with top-squark decays in the four-body mode ( $\tilde{t}$→$bℓν\tilde{x}^{0}_{1}$ ), where the neutralino ( $\tilde{x}^{0}_{1}$ ) is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The signature includes a high transverse momentum ( $p_T$ ) jet associated with initial-state radiation, one or two low- $p_T$ leptons, and significant missing transverse energy. The event yields observed in data are consistent with the expected background contributions from standard model processes. Limits are set on the cross section for top squark pair production as a function of the $\tilde{t}$ and LSP masses. Assuming a 100% branching fraction for the four-body decay mode, top-squark masses below 316 GeV are excluded for Δm=25 GeV at 95% CL. The dilepton data are also interpreted under the assumption of chargino–neutralino production, with subsequent decays to sleptons or sneutrinos. Assuming a difference between the common $\tilde{x}^{+}_{1}$/$\tilde{x}^{0}_{2}$ mass and the LSP mass of 20 GeV and a τ -enriched decay scenario, masses in the range m($\tilde{x}^{+}_{1}$)<307 GeV are excluded at 95% CL
Protective coatings for intraocular wirelessly controlled microrobots for implantation : corrosion, cell culture, and in vivo animal tests

Grup: Gnm3 FundingDiseases in the ocular posterior segment are a leading cause of blindness. The surgical skills required to treat them are at the limits of human manipulation ability, and involve the risk of permanent retinal damage. Instrument tethering and design limit accessibility within the eye. Wireless microrobots suturelessly injected into the posterior segment, steered using magnetic manipulation, are proposed for procedures involving implantation. Biocompatibility is a prerequisite for these procedures. This paper investigates the use of cobalt-nickel microrobots coated with polypyrrole, and gold, which has been used as an ocular implant material. Polypyrrole has well-established biocompatibility properties, but no reports concerning its ocular implantation is available. Coated and uncoated microrobots were investigated for their corrosion properties, and solutions that had contained coated and uncoated microrobots for one week were tested for cytotoxicity by monitoring NIH3T3 cell viability. None of the microrobots showed significant corrosion currents and corrosion potentials were as expected in relation to the intrinsic nobility of the materials. NIH3T3 cell viability was not affected by the release medium, in which coated/uncoated microrobots were stored. In vivo tests inside rabbit eyes were performed using coated microrobots. There were no significant inflammatory responses during the first week after injection. An inflammatory response detected after two weeks was likely due to a lack of longer-duration biocompatibility. The results provide valuable information for those who work on implant technology and biocompatibility. Coated microrobots have the potential to facilitate a new generation of surgical treatments, diagnostics and drug-delivery techniques, when implantation in the ocular posterior segment will be possible
Modelling cross-dependencies between Spain's regional tourism markets with an extension of the Gaussian process regression model

This study presents an extension of the Gaussian process regression model for multiple-input multiple-output forecasting. This approach allows modelling the cross-dependencies between a given set of input variables and generating a vectorial prediction. Making use of the existing correlations in international tourism demand to all seventeen regions of Spain, the performance of the proposed model is assessed in a multiple-step-ahead forecasting comparison. The results of the experiment in a multivariate setting show that the Gaussian process regression model significantly improves the forecasting accuracy of a multi-layer perceptron neural network used as a benchmark. The results reveal that incorporating the connections between different markets in the modelling process may prove very useful to refine predictions at a regional level
Search for anomalous production of prompt same-sign lepton pairs and pair-produced doubly charged Higgs bosons with √s=8 TeV pp  collisions using the ATLAS detector

A low-background inclusive search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons is presented. The search uses proton-proton collisions corresponding to 20.3 fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity taken in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of isolated leptons with the same electric charge and large transverse momenta of the type e ± e ± ,e ± μ ±  , and μ ± μ ±   are selected and their invariant mass distribution is examined. No excess of events above the expected level of Standard Model background is found. The results are used to set upper limits on the cross-sections for processes beyond the Standard Model. Limits are placed as a function of the dilepton invariant mass within a fiducial region corresponding to the signal event selection criteria. Exclusion limits are also derived for a specific model of doubly charged Higgs boson production
Search for high-mass new phenomena in the dilepton final state using proton–proton collisions at √13TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is conducted for both resonant and non-resonant high-mass new phenomena in dielectron and dimuon final states. The search uses View the MathML source3.2fb−1 of proton–proton collision data, collected at View the MathML sources=13TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. The dilepton invariant mass is used as the discriminating variable. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed; therefore limits are set on the signal model parameters of interest at 95% credibility level. Upper limits are set on the cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying to dileptons, and the limits are converted into lower limits on the resonance mass, ranging between 2.74 TeV and 3.36 TeV, depending on the model. Lower limits on the ℓℓqqℓℓqq contact interaction scale are set between 16.7 TeV and 25.2 TeV, also depending on the model
Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy with an MR-linac – Quantifying the impact of the magnetic field and real-time tumor tracking

AbstractBackground and purposeThere are concerns that radiotherapy doses delivered in a magnetic field might be distorted due to the Lorentz force deflecting secondary electrons. This study investigates this effect on lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatments, conducted either with or without multileaf collimator (MLC) tumor tracking.Material and methodsLung SBRT treatments with an MR-linac were simulated for nine patients. Two different treatment techniques were compared: conventional, non-tracked deliveries and deliveries with real-time MLC tumor tracking, each conducted either with or without a 1.5T magnetic field.ResultsSlight dose distortions at air-tissue-interfaces were observed in the presence of the magnetic field. Most prominently, the dose to 2% of the skin increased by 1.4Gy on average. Regardless of the presence of the magnetic field, MLC tracking was able to spare healthy tissue, for example by decreasing the mean lung dose by 0.3Gy on average, while maintaining the target dose.ConclusionsAccounting for the magnetic field during treatment plan optimization allowed for design and delivery of clinically acceptable lung SBRT treatments with an MR-linac. Furthermore, the ability of MLC tumor tracking to decrease dose exposure of healthy tissue, was not inhibited by the magnetic field
HAMLET Forms Annular Oligomers When Deposited with Phospholipid Monolayers

AbstractRecently, the anticancer activity of human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) has been linked to its increased membrane affinity in vitro, at neutral pH, and ability to cause leakage relative to the inactive native bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) protein. In this study, atomic force microscopy resolved membrane distortions and annular oligomers (AOs) produced by HAMLET when deposited at neutral pH on mica together with a negatively charged lipid monolayer. BLA, BAMLET (HAMLET's bovine counterpart) and membrane-binding Peptide C, corresponding to BLA residues 75–100, also form AO-like structures under these conditions but at higher subphase concentrations than HAMLET. The N-terminal Peptide A, which binds to membranes at acidic but not at neutral pH, did not form AOs. This suggests a correlation between the capacity of the proteins/peptides to integrate into the membrane at neutral pH—as observed by liposome content leakage and circular dichroism experiments—and the formation of AOs, albeit at higher concentrations. Formation of AOs, which might be important to HAMLET's tumor toxic action, appears related to the increased tendency of the protein to populate intermediately folded states compared to the native protein, the formation of which is promoted by, but not uniquely dependent on, the oleic acid molecules associated with HAMLET
Fractal analysis of the galaxy distribution in the redshift range 0.45≤z≤5.0

AbstractThis paper performs a fractal analysis of the galaxy distribution and presents evidence that it can be described as a fractal system within the redshift range of the FORS Deep Field (FDF) galaxy survey data. The fractal dimension D was derived by means of the galaxy number densities calculated by Iribarrem et al. (2012) using the FDF luminosity function parameters and absolute magnitudes obtained by Gabasch et al. (2004, 2006) in the spatially homogeneous standard cosmological model with Ωm0=0.3, ΩΛ0=0.7 and H0=70kms−1Mpc−1. Under the supposition that the galaxy distribution forms a fractal system, the ratio between the differential and integral number densities γ and γ∗ obtained from the red and blue FDF galaxies provides a direct method to estimate D and implies that γ and γ∗ vary as power-laws with the cosmological distances, feature which provides a second method for calculating D. The luminosity distance dL, galaxy area distance dG and redshift distance dz were plotted against their respective number densities to calculate D by linear fitting. It was found that the FDF galaxy distribution is better characterized by two single fractal dimensions at successive distance ranges, that is, two scaling ranges in the fractal dimension. Two straight lines were fitted to the data, whose slopes change at z≈1.3 or z≈1.9 depending on the chosen cosmological distance. The average fractal dimension calculated using γ∗ changes from 〈D〉=1.4−0.6+0.7 to 〈D〉=0.5−0.4+1.2 for all galaxies. Besides, D evolves with z, decreasing as the redshift increases. Small values of D at high z mean that in the past galaxies and galaxy clusters were distributed much more sparsely and the large-scale structure of the universe was then possibly dominated by voids
European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease

AbstractThe histologic examination of endoscopic biopsies or resection specimens remains a key step in the work-up of affected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and can be used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, particularly in the differentiation of UC from CD and other non-IBD related colitides. The introduction of new treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) interfering with the patients' immune system may result in mucosal healing, making the pathologists aware of the impact of treatment upon diagnostic features. The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) jointly elaborated a consensus to establish standards for histopathology diagnosis in IBD. The consensus endeavors to address: (i) procedures required for a proper diagnosis, (ii) features which can be used for the analysis of endoscopic biopsies, (iii) features which can be used for the analysis of surgical samples, (iv) criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and (v) special situations including those inherent to therapy. Questions that were addressed include: how many features should be present for a firm diagnosis? What is the role of histology in patient management, including search for dysplasia? Which features if any, can be used for assessment of disease activity? The statements and general recommendations of this consensus are based on the highest level of evidence available, but significant gaps remain in certain areas
Newton law corrections and instabilities in f(R) gravity with the effective cosmological constant epoch

AbstractWe consider class of modified f(R) gravities with the effective cosmological constant epoch at the early and late universe. Such models pass most of solar system tests as well they satisfy to cosmological bounds. Despite their very attractive properties, it is shown that one realistic class of such models may lead to significant Newton law corrections at large cosmological scales. Nevertheless, these corrections are small at solar system as well as at the future universe. Another realistic model with acceptable Newton law regime shows the matter instability