pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the hadronic activity in events with a Z and two jets and
  extraction of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z with
  two jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The first measurement of the electroweak production cross section of a Z
boson with two jets (Zjj) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented,
based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with an
integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. The cross section is measured
for the lljj (l = e, mu) final state in the kinematic region m[ll] >50 GeV,
m[jj] > 120 GeV, transverse momenta pt[j] > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity
abs(eta[j]) < 4.0. The measurement, combining the muon and electron channels,
yields sigma = 154 +/- 24 (stat.) +/- 46 (exp. syst.) +/- 27 (th. syst.) +/- 3
(lum.) fb, in agreement with the theoretical cross section. The hadronic
activity, in the rapidity interval between the jets, is also measured. These
results establish an important foundation for the more general study of vector
boson fusion processes, of relevance for Higgs boson searches and for
measurements of electroweak gauge couplings and vector boson scattering.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris disc stars. III. First
  statistics based on 42 stars observed with CHARA/FLUOR

(Abridged) Dust is expected to be ubiquitous in extrasolar planetary systems
owing to the dynamical activity of minor bodies. Inner dust populations are,
however, still poorly known because of the high contrast and small angular
separation with respect to their host star. We aim to determine the level of
near-infrared exozodiacal dust emission around a sample of 42 nearby main
sequence stars with spectral types ranging from A to K and to investigate its
correlation with various stellar parameters and with the presence of cold dust
belts. We use high-precision K-band visibilities obtained with the FLUOR
interferometer on the shortest baseline of the CHARA array. The calibrated
visibilities are compared with the expected visibility of the stellar
photosphere to assess whether there is an additional, fully resolved
circumstellar emission. Near-infrared circumstellar emission amounting to about
1% of the stellar flux is detected around 13 of our 42 target stars. Follow-up
observations showed that one of them (eps Cep) is associated with a stellar
companion, while another one was detected around what turned out to be a giant
star (kap CrB). The remaining 11 excesses found around single main sequence
stars are most probably associated with hot circumstellar dust, yielding an
overall occurrence rate of 28+8-6% for our (biased) sample. We show that the
occurrence rate of bright exozodiacal discs correlates with spectral type,
K-band excesses being more frequent around A-type stars. It also correlates
with the presence of detectable far-infrared excess emission in the case of
solar-type stars. This study provides new insight into the phenomenon of bright
exozodiacal discs, showing that hot dust populations are probably linked to
outer dust reservoirs in the case of solar-type stars. For A-type stars, no
clear conclusion can be made regarding the origin of the detected near-infrared
excesses.Comment: 21 pages, 14 figure
Supersymmetric B-L inflation near the conformal coupling

We investigate a novel scenario of cosmological inflation in a gauged $B-L$
extended minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with R-symmetry. We use a
noncanonical K\"{a}hler potential and a superpotential, both preserving the
R-symmetry to construct a model of slow-roll inflation. The model is controlled
by two real parameters: the nonminimal coupling $\xi$ that originates from the
K\"{a}hler potential, and the breaking scale $v$ of the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry.
We compute the spectrum of the cosmological microwave background radiation and
show that the prediction of the model fits well the recent Planck satellite
observation for a wide range of the parameter space. We also find that the
typical reheating temperature of the model is low enough to avoid the gravitino
problem but nevertheless allows sufficient production of the baryon asymmetry
if we take into account the effect of resonance enhancement. The model is free
from cosmic strings that impose stringent constraints on generic $U(1)_{B-L}$
based scenarios, as in our scenario the $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry is broken from
the onset.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4.1. References added (v2). Comments added
  and typos corrected (v3
NS-branes, source corrected Bianchi identities, and more on backgrounds
  with non-geometric fluxes

In the first half of the paper, we study in details NS-branes, including the
NS5-brane, the Kaluza-Klein monopole and the exotic $5_2^2$- or Q-brane,
together with Bianchi identities for NSNS (non)-geometric fluxes.
Four-dimensional Bianchi identities are generalized to ten dimensions with
non-constant fluxes, and get corrected by a source term in presence of an
NS-brane. The latter allows them to reduce to the expected Poisson equation.
Without sources, our Bianchi identities are also recovered by squaring a
nilpotent $Spin(D,D) \times \mathbb{R}^+$ Dirac operator. Generalized Geometry
allows us in addition to express the equations of motion explicitly in terms of
fluxes. In the second half, we perform a general analysis of ten-dimensional
geometric backgrounds with non-geometric fluxes, in the context of
$\beta$-supergravity. We determine a well-defined class of such vacua, that are
non-geometric in standard supergravity: they involve $\beta$-transforms, a
manifest symmetry of $\beta$-supergravity with isometries. We show as well that
these vacua belong to a geometric T-duality orbit.Comment: v2: minor changes and additions, few references added, published
  versio
A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1. IV. Wd1-5 -
  binary product and a pre-supernova companion for the magnetar CXOU J1647-45?

The first soft gamma-ray repeater was discovered over three decades ago, and
subsequently identified as a magnetar. However there is currently no consenus
on the formation channel(s) of these objects. The presence of a magnetar in the
starburst cluster Westerlund 1 implies a >40Msun progenitor, favouring
formation in a binary that was disrupted at supernova. To test this hypothesis
we searched for the putative pre-SN companion via a radial velocity survey to
identify high-velocity runaways, with subsequent atmospheric analysis of the
resultant candidate, Wd1-5. Wd1-5 appears overluminous for its spectroscopic
mass and we find evidence of He- and N-enrichment, O-depletion, and critically
C-enrichment, a combination of properties that is difficult to explain for a
single star. We infer a pre-SN history for Wd1-5 which supposes an initial
close binary comprising two stars of comparable (~41Msun+35Msun) masses.
Efficient mass transfer from the initially more massive component leads to the
mass-gainer evolving more rapidly, initiating luminous blue variable/common
envelope evolution. Reverse, wind-driven mass transfer during its subsequent WC
Wolf-Rayet phase leads to the carbon pollution of Wd1-5, before a type Ibc
supernova disrupts the binary system. Under the assumption of a physical
association between Wd1-5 and J1647-45, the secondary is identified as the
magnetar progenitor; its common envelope evolutionary phase prevents spin-down
of its core prior to SN and the seed magnetic field for the magnetar forms
either in this phase or during the earlier episode of mass transfer in which it
was spun-up. Our results suggest that binarity is a key ingredient in the
formation of at least a subset of magnetars by preventing spin-down via
core-coupling and potentially generating a seed magnetic field.Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Higher spin AdS_3 holography with extended supersymmetry

We propose a holographic duality between a higher spin AdS_3 gravity with
so(p) extended supersymmetry and a large N limit of a 2-dimensional
Grassmannian-like model with a specific critical level k=N and a non-diagonal
modular invariant. As evidence, we show the match of one-loop partition
functions. Moreover, we construct symmetry generators of the coset model for
low spins which are dual to gauge fields in the supergravity. Further, we
discuss a possible relation to superstring theory by noticing an N=3
supersymmetry of critical level model at finite k,N. In particular, we examine
BPS states and marginal deformations. Inspired by the supergravity side, we
also propose and test another large N CFT dual obtained as a Z_2 automorphism
truncation of a similar coset model, but at a non-critical level.Comment: 44 pages, published versio
The Green's Function for the H\"uckel (Tight Binding) Model

Applications of the H\"uckel (tight binding) model are ubiquitous in quantum
chemistry and solid state physics. The matrix representation of this model is
isomorphic to an unoriented vertex adjacency matrix of a bipartite graph, which
is also the Laplacian matrix plus twice the identity. In this paper, we
analytically calculate the determinant and, when it exists, the inverse of this
matrix in connection with the Green's function, $\mathbf{G}$, of the $N\times
N$ H\"uckel matrix. A corollary is a closed form expression for a Harmonic sum
(Eq. 12). We then extend the results to $d-$dimensional lattices, whose linear
size is $N$. The existence of the inverse becomes a question of number theory.
We prove a new theorem in number theory pertaining to vanishing sums of cosines
and use it to prove that the inverse exists if and only if $N+1$ and $d$ are
odd and $d$ is smaller than the smallest divisor of $N+1$. We corroborate our
results by demonstrating the entry patterns of the Green's function and discuss
applications related to transport and conductivity.Comment: 14 + 6 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor typos fixed. The new proof of
  theorem 1 applies for more general matrices. v3: 21 pages, 2 Figure
Modified algebraic Bethe ansatz for XXZ chain on the segment - I -
  triangular cases

The modified algebraic Bethe ansatz, introduced by Cramp\'e and the author
[8], is used to characterize the spectral problem of the Heisenberg XXZ
spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain on the segment with lower and upper triangular
boundaries. The eigenvalues and the eigenvectors are conjectured. They are
characterized by a set of Bethe roots with cardinality equal to $N$ the length
of the chain and which satisfies a set of Bethe equations with an additional
term. The conjecture follows from exact results for small chains. We also
present a factorized formula for the Bethe vectors of the Heisenberg XXZ
spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain on the segment with two upper triangular boundaries.Comment: V2: published version, some typos were corrected and one remark (5.2)
  on scalar product was adde
Ionized gas kinematics of galaxies in the CALIFA survey I: Velocity
  fields, kinematic parameters of the dominant component, and presence of
  kinematically distinct gaseous systems

This work provides an overall characterization of the kinematic behavior of
the ionized gas of the galaxies included in the Calar Alto Legacy Integral
field Area (CALIFA), offering kinematic clues to potential users of this survey
for including kinematical criteria for specific studies. From the first 200
galaxies observed by CALIFA, we present the 2D kinematic view of the 177
galaxies satisfying a gas detection threshold. After removing the stellar
contribution, we used the cross-correlation technique to obtain the radial
velocity of the dominant gaseous component. The main kinematic parameters were
directly derived from the radial velocities with no assumptions on the internal
motions. Evidence of the presence of several gaseous components with different
kinematics were detected by using [OIII] profiles. Most objects in the sample
show regular velocity fields, although the ionized-gas kinematics are rarely
consistent with simple coplanar circular motions. 35% of the objects present
evidence of a displacement between the photometric and kinematic centers larger
than the original spaxel radii. Only 17% of the objects in the sample exhibit
kinematic lopsidedness when comparing receding and approaching sides of the
velocity fields, but most of them are interacting galaxies exhibiting nuclear
activity. Early-type galaxies in the sample present clear photometric-kinematic
misaligments. There is evidence of asymmetries in the emission line profiles
suggesting the presence of kinematically distinct gaseous components at
different distances from the nucleus. This work constitutes the first
determination of the ionized gas kinematics of the galaxies observed in the
CALIFA survey. The derived velocity fields, the reported kinematic
peculiarities and the identification of the presence of several gaseous
components might be used as additional criteria for selecting galaxies for
specific studies.Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Paper accepted for publication in A&
The 3-Loop Pure Singlet Heavy Flavor Contributions to the Structure
  Function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and the Anomalous Dimension

The pure singlet asymptotic heavy flavor corrections to 3-loop order for the
deep-inelastic scattering structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and the corresponding
transition matrix element $A_{Qq}^{(3), \sf PS}$ in the variable flavor number
scheme are computed. In Mellin-$N$ space these inclusive quantities depend on
generalized harmonic sums. We also recalculate the complete 3-loop pure singlet
anomalous dimension for the first time. Numerical results for the Wilson
coefficients, the operator matrix element and the contribution to the structure
function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ are presented.Comment: 85 pages Latex, 14 Figures, 2 style file
Non-decoupling of heavy neutrinos and lepton flavour violation

We consider a class of models predicting new heavy neutral fermionic states, whose mixing with the light neutrinos can be naturally significant and produce observable effects below the threshold for their production. We update the indirect limits on the flavour non-diagonal mixing parameters that can be derived from unitarity, and show that significant rates are in general expected for one-loop-induced rare processes due to the exchange of virtual heavy neutrinos, involving the violation of the muon and electron lepton numbers. In particular, the amplitudes for \mu--e conversion in nuclei and for \mu\to ee^+e^- show a non-decoupling quadratic dependence on the heavy neutrino mass M, while \mu\to e\gamma is almost independent of the heavy scale above the electroweak scale. These three processes are then used to set stringent constraints on the flavour-violating mixing angles. In all the cases considered, we point out explicitly that the non-decoupling behaviour is strictly related to the spontaneous breaking of the SU(2) symmetry
Schr"odinger invariance and space-time symmetries

The free Schr\"odinger equation with mass M can be turned into a non-massive
Klein-Gordon equation via Fourier transformation with respect to M. The
kinematic symmetry algebra sch_d of the free d-dimensional Schr\"odinger
equation with M fixed appears therefore naturally as a parabolic subalgebra of
the complexified conformal algebra conf_d+2 in d+2 dimensions. The explicit
classification of the parabolic subalgebras of conf_3 yields physically
interesting dynamic symmetry algebras. This allows us to propose a new dynamic
symmetry group relevant for the description of ageing far from thermal
equilibrium, with a dynamical exponent z=2. The Ward identities resulting from
the invariance under conf_d+2 and its parabolic subalgebras are derived and the
corresponding free-field energy-momentum tensor is constructed. We also derive
the scaling form and the causality conditions for the two- and three-point
functions and their relationship with response functions in the context of
Martin-Siggia-Rose theory.Comment: Latex2e, 27 pages, 3 figures, final for
The spectrum of states with one current acting on the adjoint vacuum of
  massless QCD2

We consider a ``one current'' state, which is obtained by the application of
a color current on the ``adjoint'' vacuum. This is done in $QCD_2$, with the
underlying quarks in the fundamental representation. The quarks are taken to be
massless, in which case the theory on the light-front can be ``currentized'',
namely, formulated in terms of currents only. The adjoint vacuum is shown to be
the application of a current derivative, at zero momentum, on the singlet
vacuum. We apply the operator $M^2=2P^+P^-$ on these states and find that in
general they are not eigenstates of $M^2$ apart from the large $N_f$ limit.
Problems with infra-red regularizations are pointed out. We discuss the
fermionic structure of these states.Comment: 18 pages, no figures. v2: minor corrections. v3: added some
  clarifications and remarks, mainly on the contribution of zero modes. Typos
  corrected, references added. To appear in Nuclear Physics
A Note on the Green-Schwarz Mechanism in Open-String Theories

An interesting feature of some open superstring models in $D < 10$ is the simultaneous presence, in the spectrum, of gauge fields and of a number of antisymmetric tensor fields. In these cases the Green-Schwarz mechanism can (and does) take a generalized form, resulting from the combined action of all the antisymmetric tensors. These novelties are illustrated referring to some simple rational models in six dimensions, and some of their implications for the low-energy effective field theory are pointed out
Four Dimensional String/String/String Triality

In six spacetime dimensions, the heterotic string is dual to a Type $IIA$
string. On further toroidal compactification to four spacetime dimensions, the
heterotic string acquires an $SL(2,\BbbZ)_S$ strong/weak coupling duality and
an $SL(2,\BbbZ)_T \times SL(2,\BbbZ)_U$ target space duality acting on the
dilaton/axion, complex Kahler form and the complex structure fields $S,T,U$
respectively. Strong/weak duality in $D=6$ interchanges the roles of $S$ and
$T$ in $D=4$ yielding a Type $IIA$ string with fields $T,S,U$. This suggests
the existence of a third string (whose six-dimensional interpretation is more
obscure) that interchanges the roles of $S$ and $U$. It corresponds in fact to
a Type $IIB$ string with fields $U,T,S$ leading to a four-dimensional
string/string/string triality. Since $SL(2,\BbbZ)_S$ is perturbative for the
Type $IIB$ string, this $D=4$ triality implies $S$-duality for the heterotic
string and thus fills a gap left by $D=6$ duality. For all three strings the
total symmetry is $SL(2,\BbbZ)_S \times O(6,22;\BbbZ)_{TU}$. The
$O(6,22;\BbbZ)$ is {\it perturbative} for the heterotic string but contains the
conjectured {\it non-perturbative} $SL(2,\BbbZ)_X$, where $X$ is the complex
scalar of the $D=10$ Type $IIB$ string. Thus four-dimensional triality also
provides a (post-compactification) justification for this conjecture. We
interpret the $N=4$ Bogomol'nyi spectrum from all three points of view. In
particular we generalize the Sen-Schwarz formula for short multiplets to
include intermediate multiplets also and discuss the corresponding black hole
spectrum both for the $N=4$ theory and for a truncated $S$--$T$--$U$ symmetric
$N=2$ theory. Just as the first two strings are described by the
four-dimensional {\it elementary} and {\it dual solitonic} solutions, so theComment: 36 pages, Latex, 2 figures, some references changed, minor changes in
  formulas and tables; to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Low threshold, room-temperature microdisk lasers in the blue spectral range

InGaN-based active layers within microcavity resonators offer the potential of low threshold lasers in the blue spectral range.  Here, we demonstrate optically pumped, room temperature lasing in high quality factor GaN microdisk cavities, containing InGaN quantum dots (QDs) with thresholds as low as \(0.28 mJ/cm^2\).  The demonstration of lasing action from GaN microdisk cavities with QDs in the active layer, provides a critical step for the nitrides in realizing low threshold photonic devices with efficient coupling between QDs and an optical cavity.Engineering and Applied Science
The dynamics of bidding markets with financial constraints

We develop a model of bidding markets with ﬁnancial constraints `a la Che and Gale (1998b) in which two ﬁrms choose their budgets optimally and we extend it to a dynamic setting over an inﬁnite horizon. We provide three main results for the case in which the exogenous cash-ﬂow is not too large and the opportunity cost of budgets is positive but arbitrarily low. First, ﬁrms keep small budgets and markups are high most of the time. Second, the dispersion of markups and “money left on the table” across procurement auctions hinges on di↵erences, both endogenous and exogenous, in the availability of ﬁnancial resources rather than on signiﬁcant private information. Third, we explain why the empirical analysis of the size of markups based on the standard auction model may have a bias, downwards or upwards, positively correlated with the availability of ﬁnancial resources. A numerical example illustrates that our model is able to generate a rich set of values for markups, bid dispersion and concentration.Fundación Ramón Areces and the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness (project ECO2012-38863) for their financial support.Publicad
The Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey: I. Properties of the low-metallicity
  ISM from PACS spectroscopy

The far-infrared (FIR) lines are key tracers of the physical conditions of
the interstellar medium (ISM) and are becoming workhorse diagnostics for
galaxies throughout the universe. Our goal is to explain the differences and
trends observed in the FIR line emission of dwarf galaxies compared to more
metal-rich galaxies. We present Herschel PACS spectroscopic observations of the
CII157um, OI63 and 145um, OIII88um, NII122 and 205um, and NIII57um
fine-structure cooling lines in a sample of 48 low-metallicity star-forming
galaxies of the guaranteed time key program Dwarf Galaxy Survey. We correlate
PACS line ratios and line-to-LTIR ratios with LTIR, LTIR/LB, metallicity, and
FIR color, and interpret the observed trends in terms of ISM conditions and
phase filling factors with Cloudy radiative transfer models. We find that the
FIR lines together account for up to 3 percent of LTIR and that star-forming
regions dominate the overall emission in dwarf galaxies. Compared to metal-rich
galaxies, the ratios of OIII/NII122 and NIII/NII122 are high, indicative of
hard radiation fields. In the photodissociation region (PDR), the CII/OI63
ratio is slightly higher than in metal-rich galaxies, with a small increase
with metallicity, and the OI145/OI63 ratio is generally lower than 0.1,
demonstrating that optical depth effects should be small on the scales probed.
The OIII/OI63 ratio can be used as an indicator of the ionized gas/PDR filling
factor, and is found ~4 times higher in the dwarfs than in metal-rich galaxies.
The high CII/LTIR, OI/LTIR, and OIII/LTIR ratios, which decrease with
increasing LTIR and LTIR/LB, are interpreted as a combination of moderate FUV
fields and low PDR covering factor. Harboring compact phases of low filling
factor and a large volume filling factor of diffuse gas, the ISM of
low-metallicity dwarf galaxies has a more porous structure than that in
metal-rich galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&