pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Design concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA
Large-scale microscopic simulation of taxi services: Berlin and Barcelona case studies

The paper presents research on large-scale microscopic simulation of taxi services in Berlin and Barcelona based on floating car data collected by local taxi fleets. Firstly, Berlin's and Barcelona's taxi markets are shortly described and the demand and supply data obtained from FCD analysed. Secondly, the online taxi dispatching problem formulation for this specific case is given, followed by the definition of two real-time rule-based heuristics used to dispatch taxis dynamically within the simulation. Finally, the simulation setup in MATSim is described, and the results obtained with both heuristics are analysed and compared in terms of dispatching performance, proving the effectiveness of the second strategy at different demand and supply scales. This paper is an extended version of Maciejewski and Bischoff 2015, where only the Berlin case study was presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Convergence of genes and cellular pathways dysregulated in autism spectrum disorders

Rare copy-number variation (CNV) is an important source of risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed 2,446 ASD-affected families and confirmed an excess of genic deletions and duplications in affected versus control groups (1.41-fold, p = 1.0 × 10−5) and an increase in affected subjects carrying exonic pathogenic CNVs overlapping known loci associated with dominant or X-linked ASD and intellectual disability (odds ratio = 12.62, p = 2.7 × 10−15, ∼3% of ASD subjects). Pathogenic CNVs, often showing variable expressivity, included rare de novo and inherited events at 36 loci, implicating ASD-associated genes (CHD2, HDAC4, and GDI1) previously linked to other neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as other genes such as SETD5, MIR137, and HDAC9. Consistent with hypothesized gender-specific modulators, females with ASD were more likely to have highly penetrant CNVs (p = 0.017) and were also overrepresented among subjects with fragile X syndrome protein targets (p = 0.02). Genes affected by de novo CNVs and/or loss-of-function single-nucleotide variants converged on networks related to neuronal signaling and development, synapse function, and chromatin regulation
Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distribution in lead-lead collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the centrality dependence of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions over vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2 in lead-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV. In order to include particles with transverse momentum as low as 30 MeV, the data were recorded with the central solenoid magnet off. Charged particles were reconstructed with two algorithms (2-point "tracklets" and full tracks) using information from the pixel detector only. The lead-lead collision centrality was characterized by the total transverse energy in the forward calorimeter in the range 3.2 < vertical bar eta vertical bar< 4.9. Measurements are presented of the per-event charged particle pseudorapidity distribution, dN(ch)/d eta, and the average charged particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5 in several intervals of collision centrality. The results are compared to previous mid-rapidity measurements at the LHC and RHIC. The variation of the mid-rapidity charged particle yield per colliding nucleon pair with the number of participants is consistent with lower root s(NN) results. The shape of the dN(ch)/d eta distribution is found to be independent of centrality within the systematic uncertainties of the measurement
Characterisation and expression analysis of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, IL-12β and IFNγ

Genes encoding the five Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-11b, IL-12βc, and interferon (IFN) γ, were cloned and characterised at a molecular level. The genomic organisation of the halibut cytokine genes was similar to that seen in mammals and/or other fish species. Several mRNA instability motifs were found within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of all cytokine cDNA sequences. The putative cytokine protein sequences showed a low sequence identity with the corresponding homologues in mammals, avian and other fish species. Nevertheless, important structural features were presumably conserved such as the presence, or absence in the case of IL-1β, of a signal peptide, secondary structure and family signature motifs. The relative expression pattern of the cytokine genes was analyzed in several halibut organs, revealing a constitutive expression in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. Interestingly, the gills showed a relatively high expression of IL-1β, IL-12βc and IFNγ. The real time RT-PCR data also showed that the mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12βc and IFNγ was high in the thymus, while IL-11b was relatively highly expressed in the posterior kidney and posterior gut. Moreover, the halibut brain showed a relatively high level of IL-6 transcripts. Anterior kidney leucocytes in vitro stimulated with imiquimod showed a significant increase in mRNA level of the five halibut cytokine genes. The sequence and characterisation data presented here will be useful for further investigation of both innate and adaptive immune responses in halibut, and be helpful in the design of vaccines for the control of various infectious diseases
Spatial diffusion and spatial statistics: revisting Hägerstrand’s study of innovation diffusion.

-Copyright © 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.Torsten Hägerstrand’s 1953 study of innovation diffusion [1] was pathbreaking in many ways. It was based on an
explicit micro-model of information spread, and on Monte Carlo simulation of the hypothesised spatial process. Using
the original aggregated data and Hope-type tests of the ability of the simulations to capture the observed adoptions,
(author?) [2] and (author?) [3] and others found problems. This study attempts to examine the extent to which we may
be able to "do better" with a range of approaches drawn from spatial statistics, including using a SAR lattice model,
geostatistical modelling, Moran eigenvectors, and other approaches
Search for Dark Matter Annihilation Signals from the Fornax Galaxy
  Cluster with H.E.S.S

The Fornax galaxy cluster was observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic
System (H.E.S.S.) for a total live time of 14.5 hours, searching for
very-high-energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-rays from dark matter (DM)
annihilation. No significant signal was found in searches for point-like and
extended emissions. Using several models of the DM density distribution, upper
limits on the DM velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section <sigma v> as a
function of the DM particle mass are derived. Constraints are derived for
different DM particle models, such as those arising from Kaluza-Klein and
supersymmetric models. Various annihilation final states are considered.
Possible enhancements of the DM annihilation gamma-ray flux, due to DM
substructures of the DM host halo, or from the Sommerfeld effect, are studied.
Additional gamma-ray contributions from internal bremsstrahlung and inverse
Compton radiation are also discussed. For a DM particle mass of 1 TeV, the
exclusion limits at 95% of confidence level reach values of <sigma v> ~
10^-23cm^3s^-1, depending on the DM particle model and halo properties.
Additional contribution from DM substructures can improve the upper limits on
<\sigma v> by more than two orders of magnitude. At masses around 4.5 TeV, the
enhancement by substructures and the Sommerfeld resonance effect results in a
velocity-weighted annihilation cross-section upper limit at the level of
<\sigma v> ~ 10^-26cm^3s^-1.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ,
  Figures 5 and 7 corrected to match erratu
Pairs of SAT Assignment in Random Boolean Formulae

International audienceWe investigate geometrical properties of the random K-satisfiability problem using the notion of x-satisfiability: a formula is x-satisfiable if there exist two SAT assignments differing in Nx variables. We show the existence of a sharp threshold for this property as a function of the clause density. For large enough K, we prove that there exists a region of clause density, below the satisfiability threshold, where the landscape of Hamming distances between SAT assignments experiences a gap: pairs of SAT-assignments exist at small x, and around x=1/2, but they donot exist at intermediate values of x. This result is consistent with the clustering scenario which is at the heart of the recent heuristic analysis of satisfiability using statistical physics analysis (the cavity method), and its algorithmic counterpart (the survey propagation algorithm). The method uses elementary probabilistic arguments (first and second moment methods), and might be useful in other problems of computational and physical interest where similar phenomena appear
Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and b jets in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2013.3 (2013): 037 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for new physics is performed using events with isolated same-sign leptons and at least two bottom-quark jets in the final state. Results are based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.5 fb-1. No excess above the standard model background is observed. Upper limits are set on the number of events from non-standard-model sources and are used to constrain a number of new physics models. Information on acceptance and efficiencies is also provided so that the results can be used to confront an even broader class of new physics model
On the market value of information commodities. I. The nature of information and information commodities

This article lays the conceptual foundations for the study of the market value of information commodities. The terms “information” and “commodity” are given precise definitions in order to characterize “information commodity,” and thus to provide a sound basis for examining questions of pricing. Information is used by marketplace actors to make decisions or to control processes. Thus, we define information as the ability of a goal‐seeking system to decide or control. By “decide” we mean choosing one alternative among several that may be executed in pursuit of a well‐defined objective. “Control” means the ordering of actions. Two factors make it possible to turn something into a commodity: (1) appropriability, and (2) valuability. If something cannot be appropriated (i.e., owned), it cannot be traded; moreover, if it cannot be valued, there is no way to determine for what it might be exchanged. We define an information commodity as a commodity whose function it is to enable the user, a goal‐seeking system, to obtain information, i.e., to otain the ability to decide or control. Books, databases, computer programs, and advisory services are common examples of information commodities. Their market value derives from their capacity to furnish information
Zeolite-encapsulated 2-(o-aminophenyl)benzimidazole complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity

Cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of 2-(o-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (AmPhBzlH) encapsulated in the super cages of zeolite-Y and ZSM-5 have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies (IR, UV/visible, EPR), elemental analyses, thermal studies and X-ray diffraction patterns. The catalytic activity of encapsulated complexes was investigated for the hydroxylation of phenol using 30% H2O2 as an oxidant. Under optimized reaction conditions, the hydroxylation of phenol yielded catechol and hydroquinone as the major products. All catalysts show good selectivity for diphenol products. A maximum conversion of phenol was obtained with [Cu(AmPhBzlH)]-Y as the catalyst. The results showed that conversion of phenol varies in the order [Cu(AmPhBzlH)]-Y > [Cu(AmPhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 > [Zn(AmPhBzlH)]-Y > [Co(AmPhBzlH)]-Y > [Zn(AmPhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 > [Co(AmPhBzlH)]-ZSM-5 after 6 h of reaction time. Test for the recyclability of the reaction was also carried out and the results indicate their recyclability
Cross-region reduction in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in Alzheimer's disease brain

Epigenetic processes play a key role in the central nervous system and altered levels of 5-methylcytosine have been associated with a number of neurologic phenotypes, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, 3 additional cytosine modifications have been identified (5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine), which are thought to be intermediate steps in the demethylation of 5-methylcytosine to unmodified cytosine. Little is known about the frequency of these modifications in the human brain during health or disease. In this study, we used immunofluorescence to confirm the presence of each modification in human brain and investigate their cross-tissue abundance in AD patients and elderly control samples. We identify a significant AD-associated decrease in global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in entorhinal cortex and cerebellum, and differences in 5-formylcytosine levels between brain regions. Our study further implicates a role for epigenetic alterations in AD. © 2014 Elsevier Inc
Associated production of a top pair and a W boson at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy.

We consider soft gluon emission corrections to the production of a top-antitop pair in association with a W boson at the Large Hadron Collider. We obtain a soft-gluon resummation formula for this production process which is valid up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We evaluate the soft gluon resummation formula in Mellin space by means of an in-house parton level Monte Carlo code which allows us to obtain predictions for the total cross section as well as for several differential distributions. We study the impact of the soft-gluon resummation corrections in comparison to fixed order calculations
Integration of wind energy into electricity systems : technical challenges and actual solutions

Wind energy is the current "star" in the field of renewable energy for electrical production. Still, the power generated by wind turbines over time is characteristically uneven due to the unpredictable nature of their primary source of power. This only increases the problems inherent to the integration of a great number of wind turbines into power networks, making their contribution rather difficult to manage (regulating voltage and frequency, wind-farm operation, etc.) The integration of wind power in the power system is now an issue in order to optimize the utilization of the resource and in order to continue the high rate of installation of wind generating capacity, which is necessary in order to achieve the goals of sustainability and security of supply. This paper presents the main technical challenges that are associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. These challenges include effects of wind power on the power system, the power system operating cost, power quality and power imbalances (stability of grid). In addition, the paper presents the solutions will be offered to improve the management of wind power generation and increase its penetration in the overall electrical energy production
First measurement of the differential branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the B ± → π ± μ + μ − decay

The differential branching fraction with respect to the dimuon invariant mass squared, and the CP asymmetry of the B[superscript ±] → π[superscript ±]μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] decay are measured for the first time. The CKM matrix elements |V[subscrip td]| and |V[subscript ts]|, and the ratio |V[subscript td]/V[subscript ts]| are determined. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb[superscript −1], collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The total branching fraction and CP asymmetry of B[superscript ±]→ π[superscript ±]μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] decays are measured to be ℬ(B[superscript ±] →π[superscript ±]μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] = (1.83±0.24±0.05)×10[superscript  −8] and A[subscript CP] (B[superscript ±]→ π[superscript ±]μ[superscript +]μ[superscript −] = −0.11±0.12 ±0.01, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These are the most precise measurements of these observables to date, and they are compatible with the predictions of the Standard Model.National Science Foundation (U.S.
Search for new physics in final states with two opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model in final states with two opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s√=13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The analysis uses the invariant mass of the lepton pair, searching for a kinematic edge or a resonant-like excess compatible with the Z boson mass. Both search modes use several event categories in order to increase the sensitivity to new physics. These categories are based on the rapidity of the leptons, the multiplicity of jets and b jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta, and missing transverse momentum. The observations in all signal regions are consistent with the expectations from the standard model, and the results are interpreted in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry
The site of interference in the saccadic stroop effect.

In two experiments, the source of competition in the saccadic Stroop effect was investigated. Colored strings of letters were presented at fixation with colored patches in the surround. The task of the participants was to make an eye movement to the patch in the same color as the central string of letters. Three types of cues were compared: Either the string of letters composed a word indicating a direction (the saccadic Stroop condition), or it was a set of arrow signs, or a peripheral stimulus appeared. Whereas response times and saccade errors were similarly influenced by the different types of cues, saccade trajectory deviations away from the cue were found only for peripheral onsets. A second experiment demonstrated that the absence of the curvature effects for direction words was not due to insufficient time to process the words. The results raise doubts on whether the saccadic Stroop effect is effectively an oculomotor effect and could pose a challenge to models of saccade target selection
Selection and influence effects in defending a victim of bullying. The moderating effects of school context

In this paper we examined whether defenders of victims of school bullying befriended similar peers, and whether the similarity is due to selection or influence processes or both. We examined whether these processes result in different degrees of similarity between peers depending on teachers’ self-efficacy and the school climate. We analyzed longitudinal data of 478 Swiss school students employing actor-based stochastic models. Our analyses showed that similarity in defending behavior among friends was due to selection rather than influence. The extent to which adolescents selected peers showing similar defending behavior was related to contextual factors. In fact, lower self-efficacy of teachers and positive school climate were associated with increased selection effects in terms of defending behavior
Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using root s = 8TeV proton-proton collision data

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-pT jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate (single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan β = 30, A0 = −2m0 and μ > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration