pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On a competitive system under chemotactic effects with non-local terms

In this paper, we study a system of partial differential equations describing the evolution of a population under chemotactic effects with non-local reaction terms. We consider an external application of chemoattractant in the system and study the cases of one and two populations in competition. By introducing global competitive/cooperative factors in terms of the total mass of the populations, weobtain, forarangeofparameters, thatanysolutionwithpositive\ud
and bounded initial data converges to a spatially homogeneous state with positive components. The proofs rely on the maximum principle for spatially homogeneous sub- and super-solutions
The influence of axial microgravity on the breakage of axisymmetric slender liquid bridges

The dynamics of inviscid, axisymmetric liquid bridges permits a simplified treatment if the bridge is long enough. Under such condition the evolution of the liquid zone is satisfactorily explained through a non-linear one-dimensional model. In the case of breaking, the one-dimensional model fails when the neck radius of the liquid column is close to zero; however, the model allows the calculation of the time variation of the liquid-bridge interface as well as of the fluid velocity field and, because the last part of the evolution is not needed, the overall results such as the breaking time and the volume of each of the two drops resulting after breakage can be calculated. In this paper numerical results concerning the behavior of clinical liquid bridges subjected to a small axial gravitational field are presented
Leptophobic Z ′ in models with multiple Higgs doublet fields

We study the collider phenomenology of the leptophobic Z ′ boson from an extra U(1)′ gauge symmetry in models with N -Higgs doublet fields. We assume that the Z ′ boson at tree level has (i) no Z - Z ′ mixing, (ii) no interaction with the charged leptons, and (iii) no flavour-changing neutral current. Under such a setup, it is shown that in the N = 1 case, all the U(1)′ charges of left-handed quark doublets and right-handed up- and down- type quarks are required to be the same, while in the N ≥ 3 case one can take different charges for the three types of quarks. The N = 2 case is not well-defined under the above three requirements. We study the pp → Z ′ V → b b ¯ V $$ pp\to Z^{\prime }V\to b\overline{b}V $$ processes ( V = γ , Z and W ± ) with the leptonic decays of Z and W ± at the LHC. The most promising discovery channel or the most stringent constraint on the U(1)′ gauge coupling constant comes from the Z ′γ process below the t t ¯ $$ t\overline{t} $$ threshold and from the t t ¯ $$ t\overline{t} $$ process above the threshold. Assuming the collision energy of 8 TeV and integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb −1 , we find that the constraint from the Z ′γ search in the lower mass regime can be stronger than that from the UA2 experiment. In the N ≥ 3 case, we consider four benchmark points for the Z ′ couplings with quarks. If such a Z ′ is discovered, a careful comparison between the Z ′γ and Z ′ W signals is crucial to reveal the nature of Z ′ couplings with quarks. We also present the discovery reach of the Z ′ boson at the 14-TeV LHC in both N = 1 and N ≥ 3 cases
ADE double scaled little string theories, mock modular forms and Umbral Moonshine

We consider double scaled little string theory on K 3. These theories are labelled by a positive integer k ≥ 2 and an ADE root lattice with Coxeter number k . We count BPS fundamental string states in the holographic dual of this theory using the super-conformal field theory K 3 × S L 2 ℝ k U 1 × S U 2 k U 1 / ℤ k $$ K3\times \left(\frac{\mathrm{SL}{\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)}_k}{\mathrm{U}(1)}\times \frac{\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_k}{\mathrm{U}(1)}\right)/{\mathbb{Z}}_k $$ . We show that the BPS fundamental string states that are counted by the second helicity supertrace of this theory give rise to weight two mixed mock modular forms. We compute the helicity supertraces using two separate techniques: a path integral analysis that leads to a modular invariant but non-holomorphic answer, and a Hamiltonian analysis of the contribution from discrete states which leads to a holomorphic but not modular invariant answer. From a mathematical point of view the Hamiltonian analysis leads to a mixed mock modular form while the path integral gives the completion of this mixed mock modular form. We also compare these weight two mixed mock modular forms to those that appear in instances of Umbral Moonshine labelled by Niemeier root lattices X that are powers of ADE root lattices and find that they are equal up to a constant factor that we determine. In the course of the analysis we encounter an interesting generalization of Appell-Lerch sums and generalizations of the Riemann relations of Jacobi theta functions that they obey
Relative entropy and proximity of quantum field theories

We study the question of how reliably one can distinguish two quantum field theories (QFTs). Each QFT defines a probability distribution on the space of fields. The relative entropy provides a notion of proximity between these distributions and quantifies the number of measurements required to distinguish between them. In the case of nearby conformal field theories, this reduces to the Zamolodchikov metric on the space of couplings. Our formulation quantifies the information lost under renormalization group flow from the UV to the IR and leads us to a quantification of fine-tuning. This formalism also leads us to a criterion for distinguishability of low energy effective field theories generated by the string theory landscape
Lepton-flavored scalar dark matter with minimal flavor violation

We explore scalar dark matter that is part of a lepton flavor triplet satisfying symmetry requirements under the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation. Beyond the standard model, the theory contains in addition three right-handed neutrinos that participate in the seesaw mechanism for light neutrino mass generation. The dark-matter candidate couples to standard-model particles via Higgs-portal renormalizable interactions as well as to leptons through dimension-six operators, all of which have minimal flavor violation built-in. We consider restrictions on the new scalars from the Higgs boson measurements, observed relic density, dark-matter direct detection experiments, LEP II measurements on e + e − scattering into a photon plus missing energy, and searches for flavor-violating lepton decays. The viable parameter space can be tested further with future data. Also, we investigate the possibility of the new scalars’ couplings accounting for the tentative hint of Higgs flavor-violating decay h → μτ recently detected in the CMS experiment. They are allowed by constraints from other Higgs data to produce a rate of this decay roughly compatible with the CMS finding
Ward identities for transport in 2+1 dimensions

We use the Ward identities corresponding to general linear transformations, and derive relations between transport coefficients of (2 + 1)-dimensional systems. Our analysis includes relativistic and Galilean invariant systems, as well as systems without boost invariance such as Lifshitz theories. We consider translation invariant, as well as broken translation invariant cases, and include an external magnetic field. Our results agree with effective theory relations of incompressible Hall fluid, and with holographic calculations in a magnetically charged black hole background
Connecting neutrino masses and dark matter by high-dimensional lepton number violation operator

We propose a new model with the Majorana neutrino masses generated at two-loop level, in which the lepton number violation (LNV) processes, such as neutrino-less double beta decays, are mainly induced by the dimension-7 LNV effective operator O 7 = l ¯ R c γ μ L L D μ Φ Φ Φ $$ {\mathcal{O}}_7={\overline{l}}_R^c{\gamma}^{\mu }{L}_L\left({D}_{\mu}\varPhi \right)\varPhi \varPhi $$ . Note that it is necessary to impose an Z 2 symmetry in order that O 7 $$ {\mathcal{O}}_7 $$ dominates over the conventional dimension-5 Weinberg operator, which naturally results in a stable Z 2 -odd neutral particle to be the cold dark matter candidate. More interestingly, due to the non-trivial dependence of the charged lepton masses, the model predicts the neutrino mass matrix to be in the form of the normal hierarchy. We also focus on a specific parameter region of great phenomenological interests, such as electroweak precision tests, dark matter direct searches along with its relic abundance, and lepton flavor violation processes
The impact of knowledge management and strategy configuration coherence on SME performance

According to recent literature, effective knowledge management should be coherent and based on the firm’s strategy. Prior empirical research, in contrast, tries to evaluate the impact of knowledge management initiatives directly on per- formance but finds inconsistent results and not allows the understanding of knowledge management contribution to competitive advantage generation. In this study we aim to investigate the impact of knowledge management and strategy configuration coherence on SMEs innovation and organizational performance through a quantitative analysis carried out on a sample of 60 manufacturing SMEs in northeast Italy. Our findings reveal that a significant coherence exists between knowledge management and strategy configurations. Most of the SMEs with a prospector and defender strategy adopt, in turn, an aggressive and conservative knowledge management. Moreover, we find that such coherence has a significant impact on the overall performance. This is particularly interesting since it suggests that the inconsistency in the results of prior studies on the impact of knowledge management on performance (Kalling in J Knowl Manag 7(3):67–81; 2003) may be due to the lack of consideration of knowledge management and strategy configu- ration coherence
The Simplicity of Optimal Trading in Order Book Markets

A trader’s execution strategy has a large effect on his profits. Identifying an optimal strategy, however, is often frustrated by the complexity of market microstructures. We analyse an order book based on continuous double auction market under two different models of trader’s behaviour. In the first case actions only depend on a linear combination of the best bid and ask. In the second model, traders adopt the Markov perfect equilibrium strategies of the trading game. Both models are analytically intractable, and so optimal strategies are identified by the use of numerical techniques. Using the Markov model we show that, beyond the best quotes, additional information has little effect on either the behaviour of traders or the dynamics of the market. The remarkable similarity of the results obtained by the linear model indicates that the optimal strategy may be reasonably approximated by a linear function. We conclude that while the order book market and strategy space of traders are potentially very large and complex, optimal strategies may be relatively simple and based on a minimal information set
Paleomagnetic investigations on the Pleistocene lacustrine sequence of Piànico-Sèllere (northern Italy)

The Piànico-Sèllere is a lacustrine succession from northern Italy that records a sequence of climatic transitions across two Pleistocene glacial stages. The intervening interglacial stage is represented by well-preserved varves with calcitic (summer) and clastic (winter) laminae. There is a tight coupling between climate-driven lithologic changes and magnetic
susceptibility variations, and stable paleomagnetic components were retrieved from all investigated lithologies including the largely diamagnetic calcite varves. These components were used to delineate a sequence of magnetic polarity reversals that was interpreted as a record of excursions of the Earth’s magnetic field. Comparison of the
magnetostratigraphic results with previously published data allows discussion of two possible models which have generated controversy regarding the age of the Piànico
Formation. The data indicates that the Piànico Formation magnetostratigraphy correlates to geomagnetic field excursions across the Brunhes/Matuyama transition, and
consequently the Piànico interglacial correlates to marine isotope stage 19. This
correlation option is substantially consistent with K-Ar radiometric age estimates recently obtained from a tepha layer interbedded in the Piànico Formation. The alternative option, considering the Piànico interglacial correlative to marine isotope stage 11 within the Brunhes Chron as supported by tephrochronological dating reported in the literature, is not supported by the magnetostratigraphic results
Human rhinovirus-induced inflammatory responses are inhibited by phosphatidylserine containing liposomes

Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are major contributors to the healthcare burden associated with acute exacerbations of chronic airway disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Cellular responses to HRV are mediated through pattern recognition receptors that may in part signal from membrane microdomains. We previously found Toll-like receptor signaling is reduced, by targeting membrane microdomains with a specific liposomal phosphatidylserine species, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (SAPS). Here we explored the ability of this approach to target a clinically important pathogen. We determined the biochemical and biophysical properties and stability of SAPS liposomes and studied their ability to modulate rhinovirus-induced inflammation, measured by cytokine production, and rhinovirus replication in both immortalized and normal primary bronchial epithelial cells. SAPS liposomes rapidly partitioned throughout the plasma membrane and internal cellular membranes of epithelial cells. Uptake of liposomes did not cause cell death, but was associated with markedly reduced inflammatory responses to rhinovirus, at the expense of only modest non-significant increases in viral replication, and without impairment of interferon receptor signaling. Thus using liposomes of phosphatidylserine to target membrane microdomains is a feasible mechanism for modulating rhinovirus-induced signaling, and potentially a prototypic new therapy for viral-mediated inflammation.Mucosal Immunology advance online publication, 24 February 2016; doi:10.1038/mi.2015.137
Synthesis and review: Tackling the nitrogen management challenge: from global to local scales

One of the 'grand challenges' of this age is the anthropogenic impact exerted on the nitrogen cycle. Issues of concern range from an excess of fixed nitrogen resulting in environmental pressures for some regions, while for other regions insufficient fixed nitrogen affects food security and may lead to health risks. To address these issues, nitrogen needs to be managed in an integrated fashion, at a variety of scales (from global to local). Such management has to be based on a thorough understanding of the sources of reactive nitrogen released into the environment, its deposition and effects. This requires a comprehensive assessment of the key drivers of changes in the nitrogen cycle both spatially, at the field, regional and global scale and over time. In this focus issue, we address the challenges of managing reactive nitrogen in the context of food production and its impacts on human and ecosystem health. In addition, we discuss the scope for and design of management approaches in regions with too much and too little nitrogen. This focus issue includes several contributions from authors who participated at the N2013 conference in Kampala in November 2013, where delegates compiled and agreed upon the 'Kampala Statement-for-Action on Reactive Nitrogen in Africa and Globally'. These contributions further underline scientifically the claims of the 'Kampala Statement', that simultaneously reducing pollution and increasing nitrogen available in the food system, by improved nitrogen management offers win-wins for environment, health and food security in both developing and developed economies. The specific messages conveyed in the Kampala Statement focus on improving nitrogen management (I), including the reduction of nitrogen losses from agriculture, industry, transport and energy sectors, as well as improving waste treatment and informing individuals and institutions (II). Highlighting the need for innovation and increased awareness among stakeholders (III) and the identification of policy and technology solutions to tackle global nitrogen management issues (IV), this will enable countries to fulfil their regional and global commitments
Experimental parameters for a Cerium 144 based intense electron antineutrino generator experiment at very short baselines

International audienceThe standard three-neutrino oscillation paradigm, associated with small squared mass splittings Δm 2 ≪ 0.1 eV 2 , has been successfully built up over the last 15 years using solar, atmospheric, long baseline accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments. However, this well-established picture might suffer from anomalous results reported at very short baselines in some of these experiments. If not experimental artifacts, such results could possibly be interpreted as the existence of at least an additional fourth sterile neutrino species, mixing with the known active flavors with an associated mass splitting Δm 2 new ≫ 0.01 eV 2 and being insensitive to standard weak interactions. Precision measurements at very short baselines (5–15 m) with intense MeV ¯ ν e emitters can be used to probe these anomalies. In this article, the expected ¯ ν e signal and backgrounds of a generic experiment which consists of deploying an intense β − radioactive source inside or in the vicinity of a large liquid scintillator detector are studied. The technical challenges to perform such an experiment are identified, along with quantifying the possible source-and detector-induced systematics and their impact on the sensitivity to the observation of neutrino oscillations at short baselines
Fission of actinides through quasimolecular shapes

International audienceThe potential energy of heavy nuclei has been calculated in the quasimolecular shape path from a generalized liquid drop model including the proximity energy, the charge and mass asymmetries and the microscopic corrections. The potential barriers are multiple-humped. The second maximum is the saddle-point. It corresponds to the transition from compact one-body shapes with a deep neck to two touching ellipsoids. The scission point lies at the end of an energy plateau well below the saddle-point and where the effects of the nuclear attractive forces between two separated fragments vanish. The energy on this plateau is the sum of the kinetic and excitation energies of the fragments. The shell and pairing corrections play an essential role to select the most probable fission path. The potential barrier heights agree with the experimental data and the theoretical half-lives follow the trend of the experimental values. A third peak and a shallow third minimum appear in asymmetric decay paths when one fragment is close to a double magic quasi-spherical nucleus, while the smaller one changes from oblate to prolate shapes
Relativistic Chiral Hartree-Fock description of nuclear matter with constraints from nucleon structure and confinement

Submitted to Physical Review CWe present a relativistic chiral effective theory for symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter taken in the Hartree-Fock scheme. The nuclear binding is insured by a background chiral invariant scalar field associated with the radial fluctuations of the chiral quark condensate. Nuclear matter saturation is obtained once the scalar response of the nucleon generating three-body repulsive forces is incorporated. For these parameters related to the scalar sector and quark confinement mechanism inside the nucleon we make use of an analysis of lattice results on the nucleon mass evolution with the quark mass. The other parameters are constrained as most as possible by standard hadron and nuclear phenomenology. Special attention is paid to the treatment of the propagation of the scalar fluctuations. The rearrangement terms associated with in-medium modified mass and coupling constants are explicitly included to satisfy the Hugenholtz -Van Hove theorem. We point out the important role of the tensor piece of the rho exchange Fock term to reproduce the asymmetry energy of nuclear matter. We also discuss the isospin dependence of the Landau nucleon effective mass
Phase coexistence in nuclei

In this work the general theory of first order phase transitions in finite systems is discussed, with a special emphasis to the conceptual problems linked to a thermodynamic description for small, short-lived systems de-exciting in the vacuum as nuclear samples coming from heavy ion collisions. After a short review of the general theory of phase transitions in the framework of information theory, we will present the different possible extensions to the field of finite systems. The concept of negative heat capacity, developed in the early seventies in the context of self-gravitating systems, will be reinterpreted in the general framework of convexity anomalies of thermostatistical potentials. The connection with the distribution of the order parameter will lead us to a definition of first order phase transitions in finite systems based on topology anomalies of the event distribution in the space of observations. A careful study of the thermodynamic limit will provide a bridge with the standard theory of phase transitions and show that in a wide class of physical situations the different statistical ensembles are irreducibly inequivalent. In the second part of the paper we will apply the theoretical ideas developed in the first part to the possible observation of a liquid-to-gas-like phase transition in heavy ion collisions. The applicability of equilibrium concepts in a dynamical collisional process without boundary conditions will first be critically discussed. The observation of abnormally large partial energy fluctuations in carefully selected samples of collisions detected with the MULTICS-Miniball and INDRA array will then be reported as a strong evidence of a first order phase transition with negative heat capacity in the nuclear equation of state
Line mixing calculation in the nu6 Q-branches of N2-broadened CH3Br at low temperatures

International audienceIn an early study [Tran H, Jacquemart D, Mandin JY, Lacome N, JQSRT 2008;109:119-31], line mixing effects of the 6 band of methyl bromide were observed and modeled at room temperature. In the present work, line mixing effects have been considered at low temperatures using state-to-state collisional rates which were modeled by a fitting law based on the energy gap and a few fitting parameters. To validate the model, several spectra of methyl bromide perturbed by nitrogen have been recorded at various temperatures (205-299K) and pressures (230-825 hPa). Comparisons between measured spectra and calculations using both direct calculation from relaxation operator and Rosenkranz profile have been performed showing improvement compared to the usual Lorentz profile. Note that the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic parameters has been taken into account using results of previous studies