pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Stellar Abundances in the Solar Neighborhood

The only elements that were made in significant quantity during the Big Bang were hydrogen and helium, and to a lesser extent lithium.  Depending on the initial mass of a star, it may eject some or all of the unique, newly formed elements into the interstellar medium.  The enriched gas later collapses into new stars, which are able to form heavier elements due to the presence of the new elements.  When we observe the abundances in a stellar regions, we are able to glean the astrophysical phenomena that occurred prior to its formation.

I compile spectroscopic abundance data from 49 literature sources for 46 elements across 2836 stars in the solar neighborhood, within 150 pc of the Sun, to produce the Hypatia Catalog.  I analyze the variability of the spread in abundance measurements reported for the same star by different surveys, the corresponding stellar atmosphere parameters adopted by various abundance determination methods, and the effect of normalizing all abundances to the same solar scale.  The resulting abundance ratios [X/Fe] as a function of [Fe/H] are consistent with stellar nucleosynthetic processes and known Galactic thin-disk trends.

I analyze the element abundances for 204 known exoplanet host-stars.  In general, I find that exoplanet host-stars are not enriched more than the surrounding population of stars, with the exception of iron.  I examine the stellar abundances with respect to both stellar and planetary physical properties, such as orbital period, eccentricity, planetary mass, stellar mass, and stellar color.  My data confirms that exoplanet hosts are enriched in [Fe/H] but not in the refractory elements, per the self-enrichment theory for stellar composition.

Lastly, I apply the Hypatia Catalog to the Catalog of Potentially Habitable Stellar Systems in order to investigate the abundances in the 1224 overlapping stars.  By looking at stars similar to the Sun with respect to six bio-essential elements, I created maps that have located two ``habitability windows'' on the sky: (20.6h, -4.8o) and (22.6h, -48.5o).  These windows may be of use in future targeted or beamed searches
Search for Higgs boson decays to a photon and a Z boson in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is reported for a neutral Higgs boson in the decay channel H → Zγ, Z → ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ = e, μ), using 4.5 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV and 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The observed distribution of the invariantmass of the three final-state particles, mℓℓγ, is consistent with the Standard Model hypothesis in the investigated mass range of 120–150 GeV. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.5 GeV, the observed upper limit at the 95% confidence level is 11 times the Standard Model expectation. Upper limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio of a neutral Higgs boson with mass in the range 120–150 GeV between 0.13 and 0.5 pb for √s = 8 TeV at 95% confidence level
Low-temperature quenching of one-dimensional localized Frenkel excitons

We present a theoretical analysis of low-temperature quenching of one-dimensional Frenkel excitons that are localized by moderate on-site (diagonal) uncorrelated disorder. Exciton diffusion is considered as an incoherent hopping over localization segments and is probed by the exciton fluorescence quenching at point traps. The rate equation is used to calculate the temperature dependence of the exciton quenching. The activation temperature of the diffusion is found to be of the order of the width of the exciton absorption band. We demonstrate that the intra-segment scattering is extremely important for the exciton diffusion. We discuss also experimental data on the fast exciton-exciton annihilation in linear molecular aggregates at low temperatures
Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949).

General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53,949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10(-9), MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10(-8), AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10(-9), APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10(-6)). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10(-17)). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C
Measurement of indirect $CP$ asymmetries in $D^0\rightarrow K^-K^+$ and $D^0\rightarrow \pi^-\pi^+$ decays using semileptonic $B$ decays

Time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries in the decay rates of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decays $D^0\rightarrow K^-K^+$ and $D^0\rightarrow \pi^-\pi^+$ are measured in $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The $D^0$ mesons are produced in semileptonic $b$-hadron decays, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to determine the initial state as $D^0$ or $\bar{D}^0$. The asymmetries in effective lifetimes between $D^0$ and $\bar{D}^0$ decays, which are sensitive to indirect $CP$ violation, are determined to be \begin{align*} A_{\Gamma}(K^-K^+) = (-0.134 \pm 0.077 \; {}^{+0.026}_{-0.034})\% \, A_{\Gamma}(\pi^-\pi^+) = (-0.092\pm 0.145 \; {}^{+0.025}_{-0.033})\% \, \end{align*} where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. This result is in agreement with previous measurements and with the hypothesis of no indirect $CP$ violation in $D^0$ decays
Pemphigus is associated with KIR3DL2 expression levels and provides evidence that KIR3DL2 may bind HLA-A3 and A11 in vivo.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Augusto, D. G., O'Connor, G. M., Lobo-Alves, S. C., Bass, S., Martin, M. P., Carrington, M., . . . Petzl-Erler, M. L. (2015). Pemphigus is associated with KIR3DL2 expression levels and provides evidence that KIR3DL2 may bind HLA-A3 and A11 in vivo. European Journal of Immunology, 45(7), 2052-2060, which has been published in final form at DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445324. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-ArchivingAlthough HLA-A3 and A11 have been reported to be ligands for KIR3DL2, evidence for any in vivo relevance of this interaction is still missing. To explore the functional importance of KIR3DL2 allelic variation, we analyzed the autoimmune disease pemphigus foliaceus, previously associated (lower risk) with activating KIR genes. KIR3DL2*001 was increased in patients (odds ratio (OR) = 2.04; p = 0.007). The risk was higher for the presence of both KIR3DL2*001 and HLA-A3 or A11 (OR = 3.76, p = 0.013), providing the first evidence that HLA-A3 and A11 may interact with KIR3DL2 in vivo. The nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism 1190T (rs3745902) was associated with protection (OR = 0.52, p = 0.018). This SNP results in a threonine-to-methionine substitution. Individuals who have methionine in this position exhibit a lower percentage of KIR3DL2-positive natural killer (NK) cells and also lower intensity of KIR3DL2 on expressing natural killer cells; additionally, we show that the expression of KIR3DL2 is independent of other killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Pemphigus foliaceus is a very unique complex disease strongly associated with immune-related genes. It is the only autoimmune disease known to be endemic, showing a strong correlation with environmental factors. Our data demonstrate that this relatively unknown autoimmune disease may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of KIR3DL2 ligand recognition
Search for new resonances decaying via WZ to leptons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is performed in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to fully leptonic final states with electrons, muons, and neutrinos. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the expected standard model background. Upper bounds at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of a W' boson as predicted by an extended gauge model, and on the W'WZ coupling. The expected and observed mass limits for a W' boson, as predicted by this model, are 1.55 and 1.47 TeV, respectively. Stringent limits are also set in the context of low-scale technicolor models under a range of assumptions for the model parameters
Quantum dynamics of supergravity on R 3 × S 1

We study the quantum dynamics of N = 1 $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ supergravity in four dimensions with a compact spatial circle. Supersymmetry ensures that the perturbative contributions to the Casimir energy on the circle cancel. However, instanton contributions remain. These render supersymmetric compactification on a circle unstable and the background dynamically decompactifies back to four dimensions. The calculation provides a testing ground for some old ideas in Euclidean quantum gravity. In particular, we show that gravitational instantons are associated to a new, infra-red scale which is naturally exponentially suppressed relative to the Planck scale and arises from the logarithmic running of the Gauss-Bonnet term. There are also some interesting technical details, including the non-cancellation of bosonic and fermionic determinants around the background of a self-dual gravitational instanton, despite the existence of supersymmetry
Production of two charm quark–antiquark pairs in single-parton scattering within the kt -factorization approach

We present first results for the 2→4 single-parton scattering gg→cc¯cc¯ subprocess for the first time fully within the kt -factorization approach. In this calculation we have used the Kimber–Martin–Ryskin unintegrated gluon distribution which effectively includes some class of higher-order gluon emissions, and an off-shell matrix element squared calculated using recently developed techniques. The results are compared with our earlier result obtained within the collinear-factorization approach. Only slightly larger cross sections are obtained than in the case of the collinear approach. Inclusion of transverse momenta of gluons entering the hard process leads to a much stronger azimuthal decorrelation between cc and c¯c¯ than in the collinear-factorization approach. A comparison to predictions of double parton scattering (DPS) results and the LHCb data strongly suggests that the assumption of two fully independent DPS ( gg→cc¯⊗gg→cc¯ ) may be too approximate
Lifshitz space–times for Schrödinger holography

We show that asymptotically locally Lifshitz space–times are holographically dual to field theories that exhibit Schrödinger invariance. This involves a complete identification of the sources, which describe torsional Newton–Cartan geometry on the boundary and transform under the Schrödinger algebra. We furthermore identify the dual vevs from which we define and construct the boundary energy–momentum tensor and mass current and show that these obey Ward identities that are organized by the Schrödinger algebra. We also point out that even though the energy flux has scaling dimension larger than z+2 , it can be expressed in terms of computable vev/source pairs
The low lying scalar resonances in the D0 decays into Ks0 and f0(500) , f0(980) , a0(980)

The D0 decay into Ks0 and a scalar resonance, f0(500) , f0(980) , a0(980) , are studied obtaining the scalar resonances from final state interaction of a pair of mesons produced in a first step in the D0 decay into Ks0 and the pair of pseudoscalar mesons. This weak decay is very appropriate for this kind of study because it allows to produce the three resonances in the same decay in a process that is Cabibbo-allowed, hence the rates obtained are large compared to those of B¯0 decays into J/ψ and a scalar meson that have at least one Cabibbo-suppressed vertex. Concretely the a0(980) production is Cabibbo-allowed here, while it cannot be seen in the B¯s0 decay into J/ψa0(980) and is doubly Cabibbo-suppressed in the B¯0 decay into J/ψa0(980) and has not been identified there. The fact that the three resonances can be seen in the same reaction, because there is no isospin conservation in the weak decays, offers a unique opportunity to test the ideas of the chiral unitary approach where these resonances are produced from the interaction of pairs of pseudoscalar mesons
On the different "worlds" of intra-organizational knowledge management: Understanding idiosyncratic variation in MNC cross-site knowledge-sharing practices

This qualitative field study investigated cross-site knowledge sharing in a small sample of\ud
multinational corporations in three different MNC business contexts (global, multidomestic,\ud
transnational). The results disclose heterogeneous "worlds" of MNC knowledge sharing, ultimately raising the question as to whether the whole concept of MNC knowledge sharing covers a sufficiently unitary phenomenon to be meaningful. We derive a non-exhaustive typology of MNC knowledge-sharing practices: self-organizing knowledge sharing, technocratic knowledge sharing, and best practice knowledge sharing. Despite its limitations, this typology helps to elucidate a number of issues, including the\ud
latent conflict between two disparate theories of MNC knowledge sharing, namely\ud
"sender-receiver" and "social learning" theories (Noorderhaven & Harzing, 2009). More\ud
generally, we develop the term "knowledge contextualization" to highlight the way that\ud
firm-specific organizational features pre-define which knowledge is considered to be of\ud
special relevance for intra-organizational sharing. (authors' abstract
Sutura do menisco pela técnica all-inside com o dispositivo Fast-Fix

OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to evaluate the results and effectiveness of the technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using Fast-Fix device.METHODS:A retrospective cohort study evaluating 22 patients with meniscal surgery between January 2004 and December 2010 underwent meniscal repair technique for all-inside with the Fast-Fix device with or without ACL reconstruction. Function and quality of life outcomes were chosen by the IKDC and Lysholm score, before and postoperatively, and reoperation rates, relying to the time of final follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.RESULTS:The mean follow-up was 59 months (16-84). The Lysholm score showed 72% (16 patients) of excellent and good results (84-100 points), 27% (6 patients) fair (65-83 points) and no cases classified as poor (<64 points). According to the IKDC: 81% (18 patients) of excellent and good results (75-100 points), 18% of cases regular (50-75 points) and no patient had poor results (<50 points). There were no failures or complications.CONCLUSION:The technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using the Fast-Fix device is safe and effective for the treatment of meniscal lesions in the red zone or red-white with or without simultaneous ACL reconstruction, with good and excellent results in most patients Level 4 Study.OBJETIVO:Avaliar os resultados e a eficácia da técnica de reparo meniscal tipo all-inside com o uso do dispositivo FasT-Fix.MÉTODOS:Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com avaliação de 22 pacientes com lesão meniscal operados entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2010, submetidos ao reparo meniscal pela técnica all-inside com o dispositivo FasT-Fix e associados ou não à reconstrução do LCA. Função e qualidade de vida foram os desfechos escolhidos por meio dos questionários de Lysholm e IKDC, pré e pós-operatoriamente, além das taxas de reoperação, relevando-se o tempo de seguimento final. A análise estatística foi feita com o uso do teste t de Student.RESULTADOS:O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 59 meses (16-84). O escore de Lysholm apresentou 73% (16 pacientes) de excelentes e bons resultados (84-100 pontos), 27% (seis pacientes) regulares (65-83 pontos) e nenhum caso classificado como ruim (< 64 pontos). Segundo o IKDC: 82% (18 pacientes) de excelentes e bons resultados (75-100 pontos); 18% de casos regulares (50-75 pontos) e nenhum paciente obteve resultados ruins (< 50 pontos). Não ocorreram falhas ou complicações.CONCLUSÃO:A técnica de reparo meniscal tipo all-inside com o uso do dispositivo FasT-Fix, nos pacientes avaliados, se mostrou eficaz e segura para o tratamento das lesões de menisco na zona vermelha ou zona vermelho-branca associada ou não à reconstrução simultânea do LCA e apresentou resultados bons e excelentes na maioria dos pacientes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP-EPM Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL
Energy recovery in individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Pathological gaits have been shown to limit transfer between potential (PE) and kinetic (KE) energy during walking, which can increase locomotor costs. The purpose of this study was to examine whether energy exchange would be limited in people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Ground reaction forces during walking were collected from 93 subjects with symptomatic knee OA (self-selected and fast speeds) and 13 healthy controls (self-selected speed) and used to calculate their center of mass (COM) movements, PE and KE relationships, and energy recovery during a stride. Correlations and linear regressions examined the impact of energy fluctuation phase and amplitude, walking velocity, body mass, self-reported pain, and radiographic severity on recovery. Paired t-tests were run to compare energy recovery between cohorts. RESULTS: Symptomatic knee OA subjects displayed lower energetic recovery during self-selected walking speeds than healthy controls (P = 0.0018). PE and KE phase relationships explained the majority (66%) of variance in recovery. Recovery had a complex relationship with velocity and its change across speeds was significantly influenced by the self-selected walking speed of each subject. Neither radiographic OA scores nor subject self-reported measures demonstrated any relationship with energy recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Knee OA reduces effective exchange of PE and KE, potentially increasing the muscular work required to control movements of the COM. Gait retraining may return subjects to more normal patterns of energy exchange and allow them to reduce fatigue
IONORT: a Windows software tool to calculate the HF ray tracing in the ionosphere

This paper describes an applicative software tool, named IONORT (IONOspheric Ray Tracing), for
calculating a three-dimensional ray tracing of high frequency waves in the ionospheric medium. This
tool runs under Windows operating systems and its friendly graphical user interface facilitates both the
numerical data input/output and the two/three-dimensional visualization of the ray path. In order to
calculate the coordinates of the ray and the three components of the wave vector along the path as
dependent variables, the core of the program solves a system of six first order differential equations, the
group path being the independent variable of integration. IONORT uses a three-dimensional electron
density specification of the ionosphere, as well as geomagnetic field and neutral particles–electrons
collision frequency models having validity in the area of interest
Content distribution over IP: developments and challenges

This chapter focuses on the multimedia distribution over\ud
Internet IP under the auspices of the NoE Euro-NGI research project\ud
”Routing in Overlay Networks (ROVER)”. The multimedia distribution\ud
is supported by several components such as services, content distribution\ud
chain, protocols and standards whilst Internet is used for content\ud
acquisition, management and delivery as well as an Internet Protocol\ud
Television (IPTV) infrastructure with QoS facilities. As the convergence\ud
between fixed and mobile services of wide and local area networks is\ud
also expected to take place in the home networking, this puts an extra\ud
burden on multimedia distribution, which requires the different types of\ud
wireless access solutions (e.g., WiMAX). In this context, the ROVER research\ud
project adopts the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which offers\ud
a wide range of multimedia services over a single IP infrastructure such\ud
as authentication and, for wireless services, roaming capabilities. The\ud
research project also considers overlay routing as an alternative solution\ud
for content distribution.Postprint (published version