pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the nasal microbiota in infancy: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND\ud
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Understanding the composition and dynamics of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in healthy infants is a prerequisite to investigate the role of the microbiota in patients with respiratory diseases. This is especially true in early life, when the immune system is in development.\ud
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OBJECTIVE\ud
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We sought to describe the dynamics of the upper respiratory tract microbiota in healthy infants within the first year of life.\ud
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METHODS\ud
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After exclusion of low-quality samples, microbiota characterization was performed by using 16S rDNA pyrosequencing of 872 nasal swabs collected biweekly from 47 unselected infants.\ud
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RESULTS\ud
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Bacterial density increased and diversity decreased within the first year of life (R(2) = 0.95 and 0.73, respectively). A distinct profile for the first 3 months of life was found with increased relative abundances of Staphlyococcaceae and Corynebacteriaceae (exponential decay: R(2) = 0.94 and 0.96, respectively). In addition, relative bacterial abundance and composition differed significantly from summer to winter months. The individual composition of the microbiota changed with increasing time intervals between samples and was best modeled by an exponential function (R(2) = 0.97). Within-subject dissimilarity in a 2-week time interval was consistently lower than that between subjects, indicating a personalized microbiota.\ud
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CONCLUSION\ud
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This study reveals age and seasonality as major factors driving the composition of the nasal microbiota within the first year of life. A subject's microbiota is personalized but dynamic throughout the first year. These data are indispensable to interpretation of cross-sectional studies and investigation of the role of the microbiota in both healthy subjects and patients with respiratory diseases. They might also serve as a baseline for future intervention studies
Robust tests for the equality of two normal means\ud
based on the density power divergence

Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two population means, generally performed under the assumption of normality. In medical studies, for example, we often need to compare the effects of two different drugs, treatments or preconditions on the resulting outcome. The most commonly used test in this connection is the two sample test for the equality of means, performed under the assumption of equality of variances. It is a very useful tool, which is widely used by practitioners of all disciplines and has many optimality properties under the model. However, the test has one major drawback; it is highly sensitive to deviations from the ideal conditions, and may perform miserably under model misspecification and the presence of outliers. In this paper we present a robust test for the two sample hypothesis based on the density power divergence measure (Basu et al. in Biometrika 85(3):549-559, 1998), and show that it can be a great alternative to the ordinary two sample test. The asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are rigorously established in the paper, and their performances are explored through simulations and real data analysis
Light scalar and vector mesons in the large N_c limit from unitarized chiral perturbation theory

We review the large N_c behavior of light scalar and vector resonances generated from unitarized meson-meson scattering amplitudes at one loop in Chiral Perturbation Theory. The vectors nicely follow the behavior expected for q̅q states, whereas scalar mesons do not. This suggests that the main component of light scalars is not q̅q. We also comment on t-channel vector exchange as well as on the large N_c behavior of the mass splittings between the vectors generated from the inverse amplitude method
Measurement of the ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions of Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- and B+/- to J/psi K+/- and B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+)/B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/-) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The ratio of the production cross sections times branching fractions (sigma(Bc+) B(Bc+ to J/psi pi+))/ (sigma(B+) B(B+ to J/psi K+)) is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The kinematic region investigated requires Bc+/- and B+/- mesons with transverse momentum pt > 15 GeV and rapidity abs(y) < 1.6. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.1 inverse femtobarns. The ratio is determined to be [0.48 +/- 0.05 (stat) +/- 0.03 (syst) +/- 0.05 (tau_{Bc})]% The J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+ decay mode is also observed in the same data sample. Using a model-independent method developed to measure the efficiency given the presence of resonant behaviour in the three-pion system, the ratio of the branching fractions B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/- pi+/- pi-/+) / B(Bc+/- to J/psi pi+/-) is measured to be 2.55 +/- 0.80 (stat) +/- 0.33 (syst) +0.04/-0.01 (tau[Bc+]), consistent with the previous LHCb result
Direct diameter measurement of a star filling its Roche lobe - The semi-detached binary SS Leporis spatially resolved with VINCI/VLTI

Context: Stellar evolution in close binary systems is strongly influenced by mass transfer from one star to the other when one component fills its zero-velocity surface or Roche Lobe. SS Lep is a fairly nearby close binary showing the Algol paradox and a shell spectrum, both indicative of (past) mass transfer. Aims: To study the process of mass transfer and its evolutionary consequences, we aim at a direct characterisation of the spatial dimensions of the different components of SS Lep with IR interferometry. Methods: We use VINCI/VLTI interferometric observations in the K band and photometric observations from the UV to the far-IR. The visibilities are interpreted with simple geometrical models and the Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) is decomposed into the three main components: A star, M star and dust shell/disk. Results: From the SED, we find that the main emitters in the K band are the M star and the circumstellar environment. Both are spatially resolved with the VINCI observations, showing the excess to be circumbinary and showing the M star to have a size equal to its Roche Lobe. Conclusions: We conclude that, for the first time, we have directly resolved a star filling its Roche Lobe. The resulting mass transfer is probably the cause of (1) the circumbinary dust disk of which we see the hot inner region spatially resolved in our observations, (2) the unusually high luminosity of the A star and (3) the shell spectrum seen in the UV and optical spectra.status: publishe
Three proposed new bacteriophage genera of staphylococcal phages: "3alikevirus", "77likevirus" and "Phietalikevirus"

To date, most members of the Siphoviridae family of bacteriophages remain unclassified, including the 46 staphylococcal phages for which the complete genome sequences have been deposited in public databases. Comparative nucleotide and protein sequence analysis, in addition to available data on phage morphology, allowed us to propose three new phage genera within the family Siphoviridae: "3alikevirus", "77likevirus" and "Phietalikevirus", which include related phages infecting Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, six phages infecting S. aureus, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus capitis strains remain to be classified (orphan phages). Overall, the former phages share morphological features and genome organization. The three groups have conserved domains containing peptidoglycan hydrolytic activities clearly identified as part of tape measure proteins ("3alikevirus" and "77likevirus") or as individual virion-associated proteins ("Phietalikevirus"). In addition, bacteriophages belonging to the genus "3alikevirus" share closely related DNA-processing and packaging proteins, while bacteriophages included in the genus "Phietalikevirus" encode specific tail proteins for host interaction. These properties are considered distinctive for these genera. Orphan phages seem to have a more divergent organization, but they share some properties with members of these proposed genera.status: publishe
Lifshitz flows in IIB and dual field theories

We construct solutions describing flows between AdS and Lifshitz spacetimes in IIB supergravity. We find that flows from AdS 5 can approach either AdS 3 or Lifshitz 3 in the IR depending on the values of the deformation from AdS 5 . Surprisingly, the choice between AdS and Lifshitz IR depends only on the value of the deformation, not on its character; the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry in the flows with Lifshitz IR is spontaneous. We find that the values of the deformation which lead to flows to Lifshitz make the UV field theory dual to the AdS 5 geometry unstable, so that these flows do not offer an approach to defining the field theory dual to the Lifshitz spacetime
‘Exotic vector-like pair’ of color-triplet scalars

We propose a minimal extension of Standard Model, generating a Majorana mass for neutron, connected with a mechanism of Post-Sphaleron Baryogenesis. We consider an ‘exotic vector-like pair’ of color-triplet scalars, an extra Majorana fermion ψ , and a scalar field ϕ , giving mass to ψ . The vector-like pair is defined ‘exotic’ because of a peculiar mass term of the color-triplet scalars, violating Baryon number as Δ B = 1. Such a mass term could be generated by exotic instantons in a class of string-inspired completions of the Standard Model: open (un-)oriented strings attached between D-brane stacks and Euclidean D-branes. A Post-Sphaleron Baryogenesis is realized through ϕ -decays into six quarks (antiquarks), or through ψ -decays into three quarks (antiquarks). This model suggests some intriguing B-violating signatures, testable in the next future, in Neutron-Antineutron physics and LHC. We also discuss limits from FCNC. Sterile fermion can also be light as 1 − 100GeV. In this case, the sterile fermion could be (meta)-stable and n − n ¯ $$ \overline{n} $$ oscillation can be indirectly generated by two n − ψ , ψ − n ¯ $$ \overline{n} $$ oscillations, without needing of an effective Majorana mass for neutron. Majorana fermion ψ can be a good candidate for WIMP-like dark matter
MAGIC observations of the giant radio galaxy M87 in a low-emission state
  between 2005 and 2007

We present the results of a long M87 monitoring campaign in very high energy
$\gamma$-rays with the MAGIC-I Cherenkov telescope. We aim to model the
persistent non-thermal jet emission by monitoring and characterizing the very
high energy $\gamma$-ray emission of M87 during a low state. A total of 150\,h
of data were taken between 2005 and 2007 with the single MAGIC-I telescope, out
of which 128.6\,h survived the data quality selection. We also collected data
in the X-ray and \textit{Fermi}--LAT bands from the literature (partially
contemporaneous). No flaring activity was found during the campaign. The source
was found to be in a persistent low-emission state, which was at a confidence
level of $7\sigma$. We present the spectrum between 100\,GeV and 2\,TeV, which
is consistent with a simple power law with a photon index $\Gamma=2.21\pm0.21$
and a flux normalization at 300\,GeV of $(7.7\pm1.3) \times 10^{-8}$ TeV$^{-1}$
s$^{-1}$ m$^{-2}$. The extrapolation of the MAGIC spectrum into the GeV energy
range matches the previously published \textit{Fermi}--LAT spectrum well,
covering a combined energy range of four orders of magnitude with the same
spectral index. We model the broad band energy spectrum with a spine layer
model, which can satisfactorily describe our data
Simultaneous analysis of elastic scattering and transfer/breakup channels for the 6He + 208Pb reaction at energies near the Coulomb barrier

El pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print: arXiv:1006.1787v3The elastic and α-production channels for the 6He+208Pb reaction are investigated at energies around the Coulomb barrier (Elab=14, 16, 18, 22, and 27 MeV). The effect of the two-neutron transfer channels on the elastic scattering has been studied within the Coupled-Reaction-Channels (CRC) method. We find that the explicit inclusion of these channels allows a simultaneous description of the elastic data and the inclusive α cross sections at backward angles. Three-body Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels (CDCC) calculations are found to reproduce the elastic data, but not the transfer/breakup data. The trivial local polarization potential (TLP) derived from the CRC and CDCC calculations are found to explain the features found in previous phenomenological optical model calculations for this system. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under projects FPA2009-08848, FPA2009-07653, by the local government of Junta de Andalucía under project P07-FQM-02894 and the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042).Peer Reviewe
A curious dialogical logic and its composition problem.

Dialogue semantics for logic are two-player logic games between a Proponent who puts forward a logical formula φ as valid or true and an Opponent who disputes this. An advantage of the dialogical approach is that it is a uniform framework from which different logics can be obtained through only small variations of the basic rules. We introduce the composition problem for dialogue games as the problem of resolving, for a set S of rules for dialogue games, whether the set of S-dialogically valid formulas is closed under modus ponens. Solving the composition problem is fundamental for the dialogical approach to logic; despite its simplicity, it often requires an indirect solution with the help of significant logical machinery such as cut-elimination. Direct solutions to the composition problem can, however, sometimes be had. As an example, we give a set N of dialogue rules which is well-justified from the dialogical point of view, but whose set N of dialogically valid formulas is both non-trivial and non-standard. We prove that the composition problem for N can be solved directly, and introduce a tableaux system for N
Role of the $f_1(1285)$ state in the $J/\psi \to \phi \bar{K} K^*$ and
  $J/\psi \to \phi f_1(1285)$ decays

We study the role of the $f_1(1285)$ resonance in the decays of $J/\psi \to
\phi \bar{K} K^*$ and $J/\psi \to \phi f_1(1285)$. The theoretical approach is
based on the results of chiral unitary theory where the $f_1(1285)$ resonance
is dynamically generated from the $K^* \bar{K} - c.c.$ interaction. In order to
further test the dynamical nature of the $f_1(1285)$ state, we investigate the
$J/\psi \to \phi \bar{K} K^*$ decay close to the $\bar{K} K^*$ threshold and
make predictions for the ratio of the invariant mass distributions of the
$J/\psi \to \phi \bar{K} K^*$ decay and the $J/\psi \to \phi f_1(1285)$ partial
decay width with all the parameters of the mechanism fixed in previous studies.
The results can be tested in future experiments and therefore offer new clues
on the nature of the $f_1(1285)$ state.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; accepted by Phys. Lett.
Combining the regularization strategy and the SQP to solve MPCC - a
  MATLAB implementation

Mathematical Program with Complementarity Constraints (MPCC) plays a very
important role in many fields such as engineering design, economic equilibrium,
multilevel game, and mathematical programming theory itself. In theory its
constraints fail to satisfy a standard constraint qualification such as the
linear independence constraint qualification (LICQ) or the
Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification (MFCQ) at any feasible point. As
a result, the developed nonlinear programming theory may not be applied to MPCC
class directly. Nowadays, a natural and popular approach is try to find some
suitable approximations of an MPCC so that it can be solved by solving a
sequence of nonlinear programs.
  This work aims to solve the MPCC using nonlinear programming techniques,
namely the SQP and the regularization scheme. Some algorithms with two
iterative processes, the inner and the external, were developed. A set of AMPL
problems from MacMPEC database \cite{MacMPEC} were tested. The algorithms
performance comparative analysis was carried out.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is in
  Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematic
Minimal realization of $\ell$-conformal Galilei algebra, Pais-Uhlenbeck
  oscillators and their deformation

We present the minimal realization of the $\ell$-conformal Galilei group in
2+1 dimensions on a single complex field. The simplest Lagrangians yield the
complex Pais-Uhlenbeck oscillator equations. We introduce a minimal deformation
of the $\ell$=1/2 conformal Galilei (a.k.a. Schr\"odinger) algebra and
construct the corresponding invariant actions. Based on a new realization of
the d=1 conformal group, we find a massive extension of the near-horizon
Kerr-dS/AdS metric.Comment: 1+12 pages, v2: misprints corrected, 5 refs. added, including on the
  odd series of PU oscillators, published versio
How do the predictors of conduct problems / hyperactivity and callous - unemotional (CU) traits in children differ according to mothers' and teachers' ratings?

WCPCG-2010This study investigated the predictors of conduct problems/hyperactivity and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children. It was hypothesized that conduct problems/hyperactivity and CU traits are associated with different risk factors. The participants of the study composed of 513 teacher-nominated elementary school children with a mean of 9.62 years of age. Regression analyses revealed some significant differences between risk factors of conduct problems/hyperactivity and CU traits. In addition, predictors according to mothers' and teachers' ratings were not the same, except for some overlapping variables. The results were discussed in terms of using of multiple informants for assessing different problem areas in children
Verification of first-principles codes: Comparison of total energies, phonon frequencies, electron–phonon coupling and zero-point motion correction to the gap between ABINIT and QE/Yambo

International audienceWith the ever-increasing sophistication of codes, the verification of the implementation of advanced theoretical formalisms becomes critical. In particular, cross comparison between different codes provides a strong hint in favor of the correctness of the implementations, and a measure of the (hopefully small) possible numerical differences. We lead a rigorous and careful study of the quantities that enter in the calculation of the zero-point motion renormaliza-tion of the direct band gap of diamond due to electron-phonon coupling, starting from the total energy, and going through the computation of phonon frequencies and electron-phonon matrix elements. We rely on two independent implementations : Quantum Espresso + Yambo and ABINIT. We provide the order of magnitude of the numerical discrepancies between the codes, that are present for the different quantities: less than 10 −5 Hartree per atom on the total energy (-5.722 Ha/at), less than 0.07 cm −1 on the Γ, L, X phonon frequencies (555 to 1330 cm −1), less than 0.5% on the square of the electron-phonon matrix elements and less than 4 meV on the zero-point motion renormalization of each eigenenergies (44 to 264 meV). Within our approximations, the DFT converged direct band gap renormalization in diamond due to the electron-phonon coupling is-0.409 eV (reduction of the band gap)
Cometary Charge Exchange Diagnostics in UV and X-ray

Since the initial discovery of cometary charge exchange emission, more than
20 comets have been observed with a variety of X-ray and UV observatories. This
observational sample offers a broad variety of comets, solar wind environments
and observational conditions. It clearly demonstrates that solar wind charge
exchange emission provides a wealth of diagnostics, which are visible as
spatial, temporal, and spectral emission features. We review the possibilities
and limitations of each of those in this contribution
Complex Variability of the H$\alpha$ Emission Line Profile of the T
  Tauri Binary System KH 15D: The Influence of Orbital Phase, Occultation by
  the Circumbinary Disk, and Accretion Phenomenae

We have obtained 48 high resolution echelle spectra of the pre-main sequence
eclipsing binary system KH~15D (V582 Mon, P = 48.37 d, $e$ $\sim$ 0.6, M$_{A}$
= 0.6 M$_{\odot}$, M$_{B}$ = 0.7 M$_{\odot}$). The eclipses are caused by a
circumbinary disk seen nearly edge on, which at the epoch of these observations
completely obscured the orbit of star B and a large portion of the orbit of
star A. The spectra were obtained over five contiguous observing seasons from
2001/2002 to 2005/2006 while star A was fully visible, fully occulted, and
during several ingress and egress events. The H$\alpha$ line profile shows
dramatic changes in these time series data over timescales ranging from days to
years. A fraction of the variations are due to "edge effects" and depend only
on the height of star A above or below the razor sharp edge of the occulting
disk. Other observed variations depend on the orbital phase: the H$\alpha$
emission line profile changes from an inverse P Cygni type profile during
ingress to an enhanced double-peaked profile, with both a blue and red emission
component, during egress. Each of these interpreted variations are complicated
by the fact that there is also a chaotic, irregular component present in these
profiles. We find that the complex data set can be largely understood in the
context of accretion onto the stars from a circumbinary disk with gas flows as
predicted by the models of eccentric T Tauri binaries put forward by Artymowicz
& Lubow, G\"{u}nther & Kley, and de Val-Borro et al. In particular, our data
provide strong support for the pulsed accretion phenomenon, in which enhanced
accretion occurs during and after perihelion passage.Comment: accepted to Ap