pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the CKM angle from a combination of LHCb results

A combination of measurements sensitive to the CKM angle γ from LHCb is performed. The inputs are from analyses of time-integrated B + → DK +, B 0 → DK ∗0, B 0 → DK +π− and B + → DK +π+π− tree-level decays. In addition, results from a time-dependent analysis of B s 0  → D s ∓ K ± decays are included. The combination yields γ = (72. 2 − 7.3 + 6.8 )°, where the uncertainty includes systematic effects. The 95.5% confidence level interval is determined to be γ ∈ [55.9, 85.2]°. A second combination is investigated, also including measurements from B + → Dπ+ and B + → Dπ+π−π+ decays, which yields compatible results
Selective impairment of global motion integration, but not global form detection, in schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.

Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with impaired processing of global visual motion, but intact processing of global visual form. This project assessed whether preserved visual form detection in schizophrenia extended beyond low-level pattern discrimination to a naturalistic form-detection task. We assessed both naturalistic form detection and global motion detection in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and healthy controls. Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and bipolar affective disorder were impaired relative to healthy controls on the global motion task, but not the naturalistic form-detection task. Results indicate that preservation of visual form detection in these disorders extends beyond configural forms to naturalistic object processing.Open Acces
Extended Reissner-Nordstrom solutions sourced by dynamical torsion

We find a new exact vacuum solution in the framework of the Poincaré Gauge field theory with massive torsion. In this model, torsion operates as an independent field and introduces corrections to the vacuum structure present in General Relativity. The new static and spherically symmetric configuration shows a Reissner–Nordström-like geometry characterized by a spin charge. It extends the known massless torsion solution to the massive case. The corresponding Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter solution is also compatible with a cosmological constant and additional U(1) gauge fields
Landscape-scale assessments of stable carbon isotopes in soil under diverse vegetation classes in East Africa: application of near-infrared spectroscopy

Aims Stable carbon isotopes are important tracers used
to understand ecological food web processes and vegetation shifts over time. However, gaps exist in understanding soil and plant processes that influence δ13C
values, particularly across smallholder farming systems
in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to develop
predictive models for δ13C values in soil using near
infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to increase overall sample
size. In addition, this study aimed to assess the δ13C
values between five vegetation classes.
Methods The Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) was used to collect a stratified random
set of soil samples and to classify vegetation. A total of
154 topsoil and 186 subsoil samples were collected and
analyzed using NIRS, organic carbon (OC) and stable
carbon isotopes.
Results Forested plots had the most negative average
δ13C values, −26.1‰; followed by woodland, −21.9‰;
cropland, −19.0‰; shrubland, −16.5‰; and grassland,
−13.9‰. Prediction models were developed for δ13C
using partial least squares (PLS) regression and random
forest (RF) models. Model performance was acceptable
and similar with both models. The root mean square
error of prediction (RMSEP) values for the three independent validation runs for δ13C using PLS ranged from
1.91 to 2.03 compared to 1.52 to 1.98 using RF.
Conclusions This model performance indicates that
NIR can be used to predict δ13C in soil, which will
allow for landscape-scale assessments to better understand carbon dynamic
Magic gamma-ray telescope observation of the Perseus cluster of galaxies: implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC 1275\ud

The Perseus galaxy cluster was observed by the MAGIC Cherenkov telescope for a total effective time of 24.4 hr during 2008 November and December. The resulting upper limits on the gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV are in the range of 4.6-7.5 x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1) for spectral indices from -1.5 to -2.5, thereby constraining the emission produced by cosmic rays, dark matter annihilations, and the central radio galaxy NGC 1275. Results are compatible with cosmological cluster simulations for the cosmic-ray-induced gamma-ray emission, constraining the average cosmic ray-to-thermal pressure to < 4% for the cluster core region (< 8% for the entire cluster).\u
"Making it explicit" makes a difference: Evidence for a dissociation of spontaneous and intentional level 1 perspective taking in high-functioning autism

This research was supported by Volkswagen Foundation grant “Being addressed as you: Conceptual and empirical investigations of a Second-Person approach to other minds” awarded to LS and BT. LS is also supported by the Koeln Fortune Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Cologne. BT was supported by a European Commission Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-IEF 237502 “Social Brain.” We thank Dana Samson for providing the stimulus material and Julia Proft and Franka Pieplow for data collection. For helpful comments and suggestions we are also grateful to three anonymous reviewers.Peer reviewedPreprin
Predictions of elliptic flow and nuclear modification factor from 200
  GeV U + U collisions at RHIC

Predictions of elliptic flow ($v_2$) and nuclear modification factor
($R_{AA}$) are provided as a function of centrality in U + U collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV. Since the $^{238}$U nucleus is naturally
deformed, one could adjust the properties of the fireball, density and duration
of the hot and dense system, for example, in high energy nuclear collisions by
carefully selecting the colliding geometry. Within our Monte Carlo Glauber
based approach, the $v_2$ with respect to the reaction plane $v_2^{RP}$ in U +
U collisions is consistent with that in Au + Au collisions, while the $v_2$
with respect to the participant plane $v_2^{PP}$ increases $\sim$30-60% at top
10% centrality which is attributed to the larger participant eccentricity at
most central U + U collisions. The suppression of $R_{AA}$ increases and
reaches $\sim$0.1 at most central U + U collisions that is by a factor of 2
more suppression compared to the central Au + Au collisions due to large size
and deformation of Uranium nucleus.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures; typo added, fix the systematic error on the
  v2^{PP
The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). II. Details on Nine Wide
  Common Proper Motion Very Low-Mass Companions to Nearby Stars

We report on nine wide common proper motion systems containing late-type M,
L, or T companions. We confirm six previously reported companions, and identify
three new systems. The ages of these systems are determined using diagnostics
for both stellar primaries and low--mass secondaries and masses for the
secondaries are inferred using evolutionary models. Of our three new
discoveries, the M3+T6.5 pair G 204-39 and SDSS J1758+4633 has an age
constrained to 0.5-1.5 Gyr making the secondary a potentially useful brown
dwarf benchmark. The G5+L4 pair G 200-28 and SDSS J1416+5006 has a projected
separation of ~25,000 AU making it one of the widest and lowest binding energy
systems known to date. The system containing NLTT 2274 and SDSS J0041+1341 is
an older M4+L0 (>4.5 Gyr) pair which shows Halpha activity in the secondary but
not the primary making it a useful tracer of age/mass/activity trends. We find
a resolved binary frequency for widely-separated (> 100 AU) low--mass
companions (i.e. at least a triple system) which is at least twice the
frequency found for the field ultracool dwarf population. The ratio of triples
to binaries and quadruples to binaries is also high for this sample: 3:5 and
1:4, respectively, compared to 8-parsec sample values of 1:4 and 1:26. The
additional components in these wide companion systems indicates a formation
mechanism that requires a third or fourth component to maintain gravitational
stability or facilitate the exchange of angular momentum. The binding energies
for the nine multiples discussed in this text are among the lowest known for
wide low-mass systems, suggesting that weakly bound, low--to--intermediate mass
(0.2M_sun < M_tot <1.0M_sun) multiples can form and survive to exist in the
field (1-8 Gyr).Comment: 62 pages, 12 figures, 11 Tables, AJ accepted for publicatio
The phase structure of the Polyakov--quark-meson model beyond mean field

The Polyakov-extended quark-meson model (PQM) is investigated beyond
mean-field. This represents an important step towards a fully dynamical QCD
computation. Both the quantum fluctuations to the matter sector and the
back-reaction of the matter fluctuations to the QCD Yang-Mills sector are
included. Results on the chiral and confinement-deconfinement crossover/phase
transition lines and the location of a possible critical endpoint are
presented. Moreover, thermodynamic quantities such as the pressure and the
quark density are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Dynamical Systems, Topology and Conductivity in Normal Metals

New observable integer-valued numbers of the topological origin were revealed
by the present authors studying the conductivity theory of single crystal 3D
normal metals in the reasonably strong magnetic field ($B \leq 10^{3} Tl$). Our
investigation is based on the study of dynamical systems on Fermi surfaces for
the motion of semi-classical electron in magnetic field. All possible
asymptotic regimes are also found for $B \to \infty$ based on the topological
classification of trajectories.Comment: Latex, 51 pages, 14 eps figure
Order--disorder separation: Geometric revision

After Boltzmann and Gibbs, the notion of disorder in statistical physics
relates to ensembles, not to individual states. This disorder is measured by
the logarithm of ensemble volume, the entropy. But recent results about measure
concentration effects in analysis and geometry allow us to return from the
ensemble--based point of view to a state--based one, at least, partially. In
this paper, the order--disorder problem is represented as a problem of relation
between distance and measure. The effect of strong order--disorder separation
for multiparticle systems is described: the phase space could be divided into
two subsets, one of them (set of disordered states) has almost zero diameter,
the second one has almost zero measure. The symmetry with respect to
permutations of particles is responsible for this type of concentration.
Dynamics of systems with strong order--disorder separation has high average
acceleration squared, which can be interpreted as evolution through a series of
collisions (acceleration--dominated dynamics). The time arrow direction from
order to disorder follows from the strong order--disorder separation. But,
inverse, for systems in space of symmetric configurations with ``sticky
boundaries" the way back from disorder to order is typical (Natural selection).
Recommendations for mining of molecular dynamics results are presented also.Comment: 32 pages, extended, edited and corrected journal versio
Integration in the GHP formalism II: An operator approach for spacetimes
  with killing vectors, with applications to twisting type n spaces

Held has proposed a coordinate- and gauge-free integration procedure within
the GHP formalism built around four functionally independent zero-weighted
scalars constructed from the spin coefficients and the Riemann tensor
components. Unfortunately, a spacetime with Killing vectors will be unable to
supply the full quota of four scalars of this type. However, for such a
spacetime additional scalars are supplied by the components of the Killing
vectors; by using these alongside the spin coefficients and the Riemann tensor
components we have the possibility of constructing the full quota of four
functionally independent zero-weighted scalars, and of exploiting Held's
procedure.
  As an illustration we investigate the vacuum Type N spaces admitting a
Killing vector and a homothetic Killing vector. In a direct manner, we reduce
the problem to a pair of ordinary differential operator `master equations',
making use of a new zero-weighted GHP operator. By first rewriting the master
equations as a closed set of complex first order equations, we reduce the
problem to one real third order operator differential equation for a complex
function of a real variable --- but with still the freedom to choose explicitly
our fourth coordinate. An alternative, more algorithmic approach, using a
closed chain of real first order equations for real functions, reduces the
problem to the same order, but in a more natural and much more concise form. It
is also outlined how the various other third order differential equations,
which have been derived previously by other workers on this problem, can be
deduced from our master equations.Comment: 41 pages, plain Te
Brane World Cosmology Without the Z_2 Symmetry

The Friedmann equation for a positive tension brane situated between two bulk
spacetimes that posses the same 5D cosmological constant, but which does not
posses a Z_2 symmetry of the metric itself is derived, and the possible effects
of dropping the Z_2 symmetry on the expansion of our Universe are examined;
cosmological constraints are discussed. The global solutions for the metric in
the infinite extra dimension case are found and comparison with the symmetric
case is made. We show that any brane world senario of this type must revert to
a Z_2 symmetric form at late times, and hence rule out certain proposed
scenarios.Comment: RevTeX, 13 pages. Previous version has been split into two papers.
  The other part is now hep-ph/001222
Neutralino Relic Density in a Supersymmetric U(1)' Model

We study properties of the lightest neutralino (\chi) and calculate its
cosmological relic density in a supersymmetric U(1)' model with a secluded
U(1)' breaking sector (the S-model). The lightest neutralino mass is smaller
than in the minimal supersymmetric standard model; for instance, m_\chi < 100
GeV in the limit that the U(1)' gaugino mass is large compared to the
electroweak scale. We find that the Z-\chi-\chi coupling can be enhanced due to
the singlino components in the extended neutralino sector. Neutralino
annihilation through the Z-resonance then reproduces the measured cold dark
matter density over broad regions of the model parameter space.Comment: Version to be published in Physics Letters B. 13 pages, Revtex4,
  epsf.sty, 13 postscript figure
Wavelength-dependent UV photodesorption of pure N2 and O2 ices

Ultraviolet photodesorption of molecules from icy interstellar grains can
explain observations of cold gas in regions where thermal desorption is
negligible. This non-thermal desorption mechanism should be especially
important where UV fluxes are high. N2 and O2 are expected to play key roles in
astrochemical reaction networks, both in the solid state and in the gas phase.
Measurements of the wavelength-dependent photodesorption rates of these two
infrared-inactive molecules provide astronomical and physical-chemical insights
into the conditions required for their photodesorption. Tunable radiation from
the DESIRS beamline at the SOLEIL synchrotron in the astrophysically relevant 7
to 13.6 eV range is used to irradiate pure N2 and O2 thin ice films.
Photodesorption of molecules is monitored through quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Absolute rates are calculated by using the well-calibrated CO photodesorption
rates. Strategic N2 and O2 isotopolog mixtures are used to investigate the
importance of dissociation upon irradiation. N2 photodesorption mainly occurs
through excitation of the b^1Pi_u state and subsequent desorption of surface
molecules. The observed vibronic structure in the N2 photodesorption spectrum,
together with the absence of N3 formation, supports that the photodesorption
mechanism of N2 is similar to CO, i.e., an indirect DIET (Desorption Induced by
Electronic Transition) process without dissociation of the desorbing molecule.
In contrast, O2 photodesorption in the 7 - 13.6 eV range occurs through
dissociation and presents no vibrational structure. Photodesorption rates of N2
and O2 integrated over the far-UV field from various star-forming environments
are lower than for CO. Rates vary between 10E-3 and 10E-2 photodesorbed
molecules per incoming photon.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, published in A&
Parameter counting for singular monopoles on R^3

We compute the dimension of the moduli space of gauge-inequivalent solutions
to the Bogomolny equation on R^3 with prescribed singularities corresponding to
the insertion of a finite number of 't Hooft defects. We do this by
generalizing the methods of C. Callias and E. Weinberg to the case of R^3 with
a finite set of points removed. For a special class of Cartan-valued
backgrounds we go further and construct an explicit basis of L^2-normalizable
zero-modes. Finally we exhibit and study a two-parameter family of spherically
symmetric singular monopoles, using the dimension formula to provide a physical
interpretation of these configurations. This paper is the first in a series of
three on singular monopoles, where we also explore the role they play in the
contexts of intersecting D-brane systems and four-dimensional N=2 super
Yang-Mills theories.Comment: 61 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added, typo correcte
Multifragmentation in Xe(50A MeV) + Sn: Confrontation of theory and data

We compare in detail central collisions Xe(50A MeV) + Sn, recently measured by the INDRA collaboration, with the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model in order to identify the reaction mechanism which leads to multifragmentation. We find that QMD describes the data quite well, in the projectile/target region as well as in the midrapidity zone where also statistical models can be and have been employed. The agreement between QMD and data allows to use this dynamical model to investigate the reaction in detail. We arrive at the following observations: a) the in medium nucleon nucleon cross section is not significantly different from the free cross section, b) even the most central collisions have a binary character, c) most of the fragments are produced in the central collisions and d) the simulations as well as the data show a strong attractive in-plane flow resembling deep inelastic collisions e) at midrapidity the results from QMD and those from statistical model calculations agree for almost all observables with the exception of ${d^2 \sigma \over dZdE}$. This renders it difficult to extract the reaction mechanism from midrapidity fragments only. According to the simulations the reaction shows a very early formation of fragments, even in central collisions, which pass through the reaction zone without being destroyed. The final transverse momentum of the fragments is very close to the initial one and due to the Fermi motion. A heating up of the systems is not observed and hence a thermal origin of the spectra cannot be confirmed
On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity; 1, dust cosmologies

For general relativistic spacetimes filled with irrotational `dust' a generalized form of Friedmann's equations for an `effective' expansion factor $a_D (t)$ of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. Contrary to the standard Friedmann equations, which hold for homogeneous-isotropic cosmologies, the new equations include the `backreaction effect' of inhomogeneities on the average expansion of the model. A universal relation between `backreaction' and average scalar curvature is also given. For cosmologies whose averaged spatial scalar curvature is proportional to $a_D^{-2}$, the expansion law governing a generic domain can be found. However, as the general equations show, `backreaction' acts as to produce average curvature in the course of structure formation, even when starting with space sections that are spatially flat on average
Seasonal Variations of the Effect from Solar Neutrinos in Lithium Detector

The presence of two monochromatic lines of approximately equal intensity: $^{7}$Be- and pep-neutrinos in the sensitivity plot of lithium detector makes the pattern of the seasonal variations of the effect from solar neutrinos very characteristic in case if the long-wave vacuum oscillations are realized. This can give the very high accuracy in the measurement of the parameters of neutrino oscillations especially if combined with the results obtained by the detector sensitive mainly to $^{7}$Be-line like BOREXINO or KamLAND
Dynamical generation of gauge and Higgs bosons in N=2 supersymmetric
  non-linear sigma-models

A four-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric non-linear sigma-model with the
Eguchi-Hanson (ALE) target space and a non-vanishing central charge is
rewritten to a classically equivalent and formally renormalizable gauged
`linear' sigma-model over a non-compact coset space in N=2 harmonic superspace
by making use of an N=2 vector gauge superfield as the Lagrange multiplier. It
is then demonstrated that the N=2 vector gauge multiplet becomes dynamical
after taking into account one-loop corrections due to quantized
hypermultiplets. This implies the appearance of a composite gauge boson, a
composite chiral spinor doublet and a composite complex Higgs particle, all
defined as the physical states associated with the propagating N=2 vector gauge
superfield. The composite N=2 vector multiplet is further identified with the
zero modes of a superstring ending on a D-6-brane. Some non-perturbative
phenomena, such as the gauge symmetry enhancement for coincident D-6-branes and
the Maldacena conjecture, turn out to be closely related to our NLSM via
M-theory. Our results support a conjecture about the composite nature of
superstrings ending on D-branes.Comment: 43 pages, LaTeX, 3 figures, macros include
Rotating NS5-brane solution and its exact string theoretical description

We construct the most general solution in type-II string theory that
represents N coincident non-extremal rotating NS5-branes and determine the
relevant thermodynamic quantities. We show that in the field theory limit, it
has an exact description. In particular, it can be obtained by an O(3,3)
duality transformation on the exact string background for the coset model
SL(2,R)_{-N}/U(1) \times SU(2)_N. In the extreme supersymmetric limit we
recover the multicenter solution, with a ring singularity structure, that has
been discussed recently.Comment: 7 pages, latex. v2: typos in eqs. (20),(23) were correcte
Robot formation motion planning using Fast Marching

This paper presents the application of the Voronoi Fast Marching (VFM) method to path planning of mobile formation robots. The VFM method uses the propagation of a wave (Fast Marching) operating on the world model to determine a motion plan over a viscosity map (similar to the refraction index in optics) extracted from the updated map model. The computational efficiency of the method allows the planner to operate at high rate sensor frequencies. This method allows us to maintain good response time and smooth and safe planned trajectories. The navigation function can be classified as a type of potential field, but it has no local minima, it is complete (it finds the solution path if it exists) and it has a complexity of order n(O(n)), where n is the number of cells in the environment map. The results presented in this paper show how the proposed method behaves with mobile robot formations and generates trajectories of good quality without problems of local minima when the formation encounters non-convex obstacles.This work has been supported by the CAM Project S2009/DPI-1559/ROBOCITY2030 II,
developed by the research team RoboticsLab at the University Carlos III of Madrid.Publicad