pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Stability of relativistic electron trapping by strong whistler or electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves

International audienceIn the present paper, we investigate the trapping of relativistic electrons by intense whistler-modewaves or electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the Earth’s radiation belts. We consider thenon-resonant impact of additional, lower amplitude magnetic field fluctuations on the stability ofelectron trapping. We show that such additional non-resonant fluctuations can break the adiabaticinvariant corresponding to trapped electron oscillations in the effective wave potential. Thisdestruction results in a diffusive escape of electrons from the trapped regime of motion and thuscan lead to a significant reduction of the efficiency of electron acceleration. We demonstrate thatwhen energetic electrons are trapped by intense parallel or very oblique whistler-mode waves,non-resonant magnetic field fluctuations in the whistler-mode frequency range with moderateamplitudes around 3  15 pT (much less intense than the primary waves) can totally disrupt thetrapped motion. However, the trapping of relativistic electrons by electromagnetic ion cyclotronwaves is noticeably more stable. We also discuss how the proposed approach can be used toestimate the effects of wave amplitude modulations on the motion of trapped particles
Gas-Phase Rate Coefficients for the Reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone with OH and Cl

International audienceThe reactions of the OH radicals and the Cl atoms with 3-hydroxy 2-butanone (3H2B) and 4-hydroxy 2-butanone (4H2B) were investigated in the gas-phase using relative rate method. The kinetic study on the OH-reactions was carried out using a Pyrex atmospheric chamber at 600-760 Torr of purified air. The temperature ranges were 298-338 K for 3H2B and 278-333 K for 4H2B. A slight negative dependence of the rate coefficients behavior was observed and the Arrhenius expressions obtained are (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1): k3H2B(OH) = (1.25±0.20)×10-12exp(612±50/T) and k4HB (OH) = (7.50± 2.0) ×10-12exp(196±20/T). Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms with 3H2B and 4H2B were measured using an atmospheric simulation chamber made of Teflon at 298 ± 3 K and 760 Torr. The obtained rate coefficients (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1) were (4.90± 0.45) ×10-11 and (1.45± 0.15) ×10-10 for 3H2B and 4H2B, respectively. The obtained data are presented, compared to those reported in the literature and the reactivity trends discussed. The estimated tropospheric lifetimes obtained in this work suggest that once emitted into the atmosphere, 3H2B and 4H2B will be oxidized near the emission sources
Oceanic loading monitored by ground-based tiltmeters at Cherbourg (France)

International audienceWe installed two orthogonal Blum-Esnoult silica tiltmeters in an underground military facility close to the shore in Cherbourg (France). They have recorded the oceanic loading effects from March 2004 to July 2005. The signal to noise ratio is such that, within a period range from a few minutes to a few days, the main non-linear oceanic tides up to the M10 group can be observed. The modelling of the tidal tilt deformation has been carried out using oceanic models of the FES2004 family, with a stepwise refinement of the grid size based on the unstructured grid T-UGAm model leading to the NEA-2004 tidal solution. This improvement permits to reduce the discrepancy between the model and the data with respect to the use of FES2004 alone, and show that, although the misfit remains significant, one progresses toward an independent mean to validate the oceanic models and finally the whole modelling process. We also show that tiltmeters open new opportunities to explore loading of non-linear tides on a larger spectrum than gravimeters and GPS do
Paleotopographic control of landslides in lacustrine deposits (Trièves plateau, French western Alps)

International audiencePaleotopography in Quaternary sedimentary environments can be an important factor that controls landslide movement. This study investigates the relation between paleotopography and landslide activity in two adjacent landslides in glaciolacustrine sediments located in the Trièves area (French western Alps). Although both are in slopes underlain by the same lacustrine deposits, the Avignonet and Harmalière landslides exhibit major differences in morphology and displacement rates. Through a combination of geological mapping, airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, aerial photographs, global positioning system (GPS), and seismic noise measurements, a three-dimensional impression was made of both landslides. The analysis reveals that the difference in kinematics between the two mass movements can be traced back to at least 50 years ago. The results show that the Harmalière slide, which failed catastrophically in 1981, is still much more active than the Avignonet landslide. The fear was that the Avignonet landslide might develop in a similar catastrophic manner, threatening a number of houses constructed on the landslide. A geophysical survey based on ambient noise measurements allowed us to map the base of the lacustrine clays, and the results indicate the presence of a N-S ridge of hard sediments (Jurassic bedrock and/or compact alluvial layers) on the eastern side of the Avignonet landslide. This ridge disappears when approaching the Harmalière landslide and makes a place to what can be interpreted as a NW-SE oriented paleovalley of the river Drac. We proposed that the ridge acts as a buttress that could mechanically prevent the Avignonet landslide from evolving as fast as the Harmalière. Furthermore, the NW-SE paleovalley located under the Harmalière landslide corresponds to the motion direction of the slide. Therefore, the different behaviour of the two landslides is partly controlled by the paleotopographic setting of Lake Trièves during the last Glacial Maximum extension. These results suggest a major influence of the bedrock paleotopography on the kinematics of the landslides
Survival of eclogite xenolith in a Cretaceous granite intruding the Central Dabieshan migmatite gneiss dome (Eastern China) and its tectonic implications.

International audienceInvestigation of an eclogite xenolith, discovered in a Cretaceous granite from the Central Domain of the Dabieshan massif in eastern China, yields new petrological insights into the high to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, experienced by the Qinling-Dabie orogen. Prior to inclusion as a xenolith in the granite during the Early Cretaceous, this eclogite xenolith had recorded a complex metamorphic evolution that complies with subduction and exhumation processes experienced by the continental crust of the South China Block. Well-preserved mineral parageneses substantiate the prograde and retrograde stages revealed by inclusions in porphyroblastic garnet and zoned minerals such as garnet, comphacite and amphibole in the matrix. The relatively low P/T re-equilibration during a latemetamorphic stage was textually inferred by the presence of aluminous and calcic-subcalcic amphiboles such as katophorite, edenite, taramite and pargasite as main matrix phases. According to our U/Pb, Rb/Sr and new 40Ar/39Ar geochronological results, namely 109 ± 1 and 112 ± 2 Ma plateau ages for muscovite and amphiboles, respectively, two successive but distinct cooling stages account for the thermal history of the granite–migmatite gneiss dome that forms the Central Dabieshan Domain. We argue that prior to the Cretaceous doming, the Central Dabieshan Domain experienced a tectono-metamorphic evolution similar to that observed in the high-pressure to ultra high-pressure units developed in the Southern Dabieshan Domain and Hong'an massif
Detecting illegal system calls using a data-oriented detection model

Part 9: Intrusion DetectionInternational audienceThe most common anomaly detection mechanisms at application level consist in detecting a deviation of the control-flow of a program. A popular method to detect such anomaly is the use of application sequences of system calls. However, such methods do not detect mimicry attacks or attacks against the integrity of the system call parameters. To enhance such detection mechanisms, we propose an approach to detect in the application the corruption of data items that have an influence on the system calls. This approach consists in building automatically a data-oriented behaviour model of an application by static analysis of its source code. The proposed approach is illustrated on various examples, and an injection method is experimented to obtain an approximation of the detection coverage of the generated mechanisms
Numerical and Comparative Study of the Agility of Planar Transmission Lines printed on a Ferroelectric Thin Film

International audienceIn this paper, we report on simulation results at 10 GHz of planar transmission lines (TL) printed on a ferroelectric thin film deposited on sapphire and lanthanum aluminate substrates. The ferroelectric film permittivity is supposed to vary from 700 to 500. First, the main properties of microstrip (MS), coplanar waveguide (CPW) and coplanar strips (CS) namely their effective permittivity, characteristic impedance and insertion loss are computed as a function of the physical and electrical parameters. Then their tunability and figure of merit are defined and compared. CPW and CS lines present a tunability (eff/eff_max) of about 16 % for a gap value g = 30 μm. The MS lines show a much less tenability of 2%. Moreover, the figure of merit of CPW and CS configurations are of 6.3 and 12.2 %/dB for a gap value of 30 μm, respectively. By increasing the gap, these figures of merit can be improved up to the limiting values of 8.7 and 15.4 %/dB, respectively
Relationship between valve activity, microalgae concentration in the water and toxin accumulation in the digestive gland of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to Alexandrium minutum.

International audienceThe complexity of the relationships between Alexandrium minutum (A.m.) concentration in the water ([A.m.]w), Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning contamination in the digestive gland ([PSP]dg) and valve behavior was explored in oysters Crassostrea gigas. Two experiments were conducted, during which oysters' valve behaviour were analyzed. Oysters, first acclimated for 10-days with the non harmful microalgae Heterocapsa triquetra (H.t.) were exposed to 4 microalgae mixtures at constant total concentrations of 10∙103 cells.ml-1 (experiment-1) and 5∙103 cells.ml-1 (experiment-2): 100% A.m.; 50% A.m.-50% H.t.; 25% A.m.-75% H.t.; 100% H.t. At the end of experiment-2, [PSP]dg were measured. At 10∙103 cells.ml-1, the microalgal ingestion decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing [A.m.]w but not at 5∙103 cells.ml-1 (p > 0.05). The frequency of microclosures specifically increased with [A.m.]w (p < 0.05) and the opening duration with [PSP]dg (p < 0.0001). Oysters exhibiting the maximum increase in opening duration also exhibited the highest [PSP]dg. The results are discussed in terms of oyster physiology and origin of the behavioral response
Doing Something About the Future

This paper is concerned with the need for more interdisciplinary, systems oriented, research directed towards major problems ecountered by decision makers in industry and government; a need which is more difficult to meet in the face of traditional methods of organizing knowledge and research.  It emphasizes the need to acknowledge the true complexity of the problems and the interactive nature of any effective research procedure.  As an illustration, both of the need and the problems involved in meeting it, the development of a new program of research into problems of Management and Technology at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, which is supported by seventeen nations of all political complexions, is analyzed.  The implication is that we can do something about the future but we must be prepared to do
Extrudable Reactive Powder Concretes Hydration, shrinkage and transfer properties

International audienceThe behavior of five reactive powder concretes (RPC), with four of them being extrudable, has been studied since the first minutes up to more than 90 days. The extrusion force, hydration rate, free autogenous shrinkage at early age, mechanical properties and durability parameters were measured. The performance analysis showed the benefits of a partial substitution of silica fume with crushed quartz on the RPC properties. The cost/performances analysis highlighted that the main advantage of using RPC lies in their potential of durability, which is 10 to 100 times higher than that of ordinary or high-performance concretes, according to the property considered
Enhanced stiffness modeling of manipulators with passive joints

International audienceThe paper presents a methodology to enhance the stiffness analysis of serial and parallel manipulators with passive joints. It directly takes into account the loading influence on the manipulator configuration and, consequently, on its Jacobians and Hessians. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of a non-linear stiffness model for the manipulators with passive joints, a relevant numerical technique for its linearization and computing of the Cartesian stiffness matrix which allows rank-deficiency. Within the developed technique, the manipulator elements are presented as pseudo-rigid bodies separated by multidimensional virtual springs and perfect passive joints. Simulation examples are presented that deal with parallel manipulators of the Ortholide family and demonstrate the ability of the developed methodology to describe non-linear behavior of the manipulator structure such as a sudden change of the elastic instability properties (buckling)
Distribution of the organic matter in the channel-levees systems of the Congo mud-rich deep-sea fan (West Africa). Implication for deep offshore petroleum source rocks and global carbon cycle

International audienceThe Corinth Rift is superimposed on the Hellenic nappe stack that formed at the expense of the Apulian continental crust above the subducting African slab. Extension started in the Pliocene and the major steep normal faults that control the geometry of the present-day rift were born very recently, some 600 kyr ago only. They root into a shallow-dipping zone of microseismicity recorded near the base of the upper crust. The significance of this seismogenic zone is debated. Considering the northward dip of the zone of microseismicity, the depth of microearthquakes and their focal mechanisms, we observe a strong similarity with the northern Cycladic detachments in terms of expected pressure, temperature conditions and kinematics. We herein show (1) that the formation of the Corinth Rift can be considered a part of a continuum of extension that started some 30–35 Ma in the Aegean and that was recently localised in a more restricted area, (2) that the present-day structure and kinematics of the Corinth Rift can be explained with a series of decollements relayed by steeper ramps that altogether formed a mechanically weak, crustal-scale detachment, and (3) that the deformation, fluid behaviour and metamorphic features seen in the northern Cycladic metamorphic core complexes can be good analogues of the processes at work below the Corinth Rift
Sound absorption properties of a sunflower composite made from crushed stem particles and from chitosan bio-binder

International audienceA recent study investigated the mechanical, thermal and acoustical properties of a bio-based composite made from crushed particles of sunflower stalks binded together by chitosan, a bio-based binder. The acoustical performance in absorption was found to be poor as the material was highly compacted and with low porosity. The present study focuses on the acoustical properties of a higher porosity composite, with lower density while the mechanical rigidity remains fairly high. A higher absorption coefficient is obtained. The experimental results on the absorption coefficient are compared to the prediction of a model involving 5 physical parameters (porosity, tortuosity, airflow resistivity, thermal and viscous characteristic lengths). The characterization methods to determine these parameters are described. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows that this material exhibits peculiar microstructural features. It is found that the sound absorption properties can involve dead-end pores or clusters and multiple porosity scales in the material
The contribution of phenolic acids to the anti-inflammatory activity of mushrooms: Screening in phenolic extracts, individual parent molecules and synthesized glucuronated and methylated derivatives

In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of fourteen edible mushrooms were investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential in LPS (lipopolysaccharide) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore the extracts were chemically characterized in terms of phenolic acids and related compounds. The identified molecules (p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids) and their glucuronated and methylated derivatives obtained by chemical synthesis were also evaluated for the same bioactivity, in order to establish structure-activity relationships and to comprehend the effects of in vivo metabolism reactions in the activity of the compounds. The extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Macrolepiota procera, Boletus impolitus and Agaricus bisporus revealed the strongest anti-inflammatory potential (EC50 values 96 ± 1 to 190 ± 6 µg/mL, and also the highest concentration of cinnamic acid (656 to 156 µg/g), which was also the individual compound with the highest anti-inflammatory activity. The derivatives of p-coumaric acid revealed the strongest properties, specially the derivative methylated in the carboxylic group (CoA-M1) that exhibited similar activity to the one showed by dexamethaxone used as anti-inflammatory standard; by contrast, the derivatives of p-hydroxybenzoic revealed the lowest inhibition of NO production. All in all, whereas the conjugation reactions change the chemical structure of phenolic acids and may increase or decrease their activity, the glucuronated and methylated derivatives of the studied compounds are still displaying anti-inflammatory activity.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia  (FCT, Portugal) and FEDER-COMPETE/QREN/EU for the financial support through the research projects PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011 and PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011. S.A. Heleno (BD/70304/2010) and R.C. Calhelha (BPD/68344/2010) also thank FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE. C. Santos-Buelga is also thankful to the Spanish MINECO for financial support through the project BFU2012-35228
EVALUATION OF EROSIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF TiN COATINGS BY A SLURRY JET IMPACT TEST

In this paper, it is proposed to use a new type of solid particle impact test (slurry jet) to swiftly evaluate wear properties of thin, single layered or multilayered coatings. By the slurry jet, 1.2 µm alumina particles were impacted at high velocity perpendicular to thin PVD coatings of TiN deposited on high speed steel substrate materials under various substrate temperatures.
Since the coatings have a much higher wear resistance than the substrate material, the wear rate increases significantly to the higher level of the HSS material when the coatings are penetrated. This is utilized in the quantification of the assessment of coating wear. A ranking of wear resistance and correlations to the coating surface hardness measured by nano-indentation tests, and coating morphology and structures are given and discussed. 
It is concluded that the slurry jet test is fast, easy to accomplish, and generates reproducible results. It is also very sensitive to variations in coating quality. Thus, it can be recommended as a screening test when evaluating coatings and coated materials. For the coatings included in this study, the TiN deposited under the highest substrate temperature proved to have the highest wear resistance although it had a relatively low hardness. The wear rate of the TiN coatings varies with the orientation of grains, that is, the ｛111｝ orientation that dominates for the high temperature deposition shows a higher wear resistance than the ｛100｝ orientation, which corresponds with the cleavage fracture behavior.  The fact that the higher temperature generates more defect free TiN coatings will also contribute to a better erosive wear resistance for these coatings
Energy-efficient multi-standard early stopping criterion for low-density-parity-check iterative decoding

Low-density-parity-check codes decoding relies on powerful iterative algorithms, whose implementation is often expensive in terms of complexity and power consumption. Several early stopping criteria (ESCs) have been proposed to reduce the number of iterations performed by a decoder with no (or limited) degradation of error correction performance. However, most of the existing ESCs have considered a reduced set of system parameters for validation and often have ignored the impacts related to a real hardware implementation. This study proposes a novel multi-standard early stopping criterion (MSESC) able to adapt dynamically to changes of code parameters, quantisation and channel conditions. A dedicated hardware architecture is devised and integrated in a multi-standard decoder, and compared with existing techniques. Post-layout results of the proposed MSESC show a small area increment (+1.3%) and a large decrement of the average energy consumption (up to 87.2%) with respect to the same decoder implemented with no ESC. Moreover, it is shown that MSESC offers an energy consumption reduction with respect to the state-of-the-art ESCs ranging from 4% [at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)] to 16% (at low SNR
Directional naive Bayes classifiers

Directional data are ubiquitous in science.\ud
These data have some special properties that rule out the\ud
use of classical statistics. Therefore, different distributions\ud
and statistics, such as the univariate von Mises and the\ud
multivariate von Mises–Fisher distributions, should be\ud
used to deal with this kind of information. We extend the\ud
naive Bayes classifier to the case where the conditional\ud
probability distributions of the predictive variables follow\ud
either of these distributions. We consider the simple scenario,\ud
where only directional predictive variables are used,\ud
and the hybrid case, where discrete, Gaussian and directional\ud
distributions are mixed. The classifier decision\ud
functions and their decision surfaces are studied at length.\ud
Artificial examples are used to illustrate the behavior of the\ud
classifiers. The proposed classifiers are then evaluated over\ud
eight datasets, showing competitive performances against\ud
other naive Bayes classifiers that use Gaussian distributions\ud
or discretization to manage directional data
Measuring primary lens efficiency: A proposal for standardization

This article describes the procedure proposed by IES-UPM to measure the optical efficiency and the irradiance of the focused spot of a primary optic for concentrator PV (CPV). The method using a broadband source (solar simulator) with a solar cell as the sensor and analysis of the focused spot recorded by a camera is described in detail here to convey the details of the optical characterization in the emerging IEC 62989 technical specification. Special emphasis is placed in noting the main sources of error and the accuracy of the measurement method. As an example, the main outcomes attained in the characterization of a set of Fresnel lenses are reported