pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
ECCE services in Mexico : Reducing social inequalities

In Mexico, the socioeconomic and cultural situation creates educational inequalities, and its impact is greater on young children. Since the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) services have become a major pathway to compensate for social inequalities, in 2008 they have begun to be implemented through the “Programme for Strengthening Early Education and Child Development.” In this article, it is presented a brief review of the main theoretical approaches on social inequalities in early childhood, the main benefits of ECCE to counter inequality, and the status of ECCE services in Mexico to create a model of indicators of good practice
Phenomenological models of holographic superconductors and hall currents.

We study general models of holographic superconductivity parametrized by four arbitrary functions of a neutral scalar field of the bulk theory. The models can accommodate several features of real superconductors, like arbitrary critical temperatures and critical exponents in a certain range, and perhaps impurities or boundary or thickness effects. We find analytical expressions for the critical exponents of the general model and show that they satisfy the Rushbrooke identity. An important subclass of models exhibit second order phase transitions. A study of the specific heat shows that general models can also describe holographic superconductors undergoing first, second and third (or higher) order phase transitions. We discuss how small deformations of the HHH model can lead to the appearance of resonance peaks in the conductivity, which increase in number and become narrower as the temperature is gradually decreased, without the need for tuning mass of the scalar to be close to the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. Finally, we investigate the inclusion of a generalized “theta term” producing Hall effect without magnetic field
Distinguishing between mechanisms of cell aggregation using\ud
pair-correlation functions

Many cell types form clumps or aggregates when cultured in vitro through a variety of mechanisms including rapid cell proliferation, chemotaxis, or direct cell-to-cell contact. In this paper we develop an agent-based model to explore the formation of aggregates in cultures where cells are initially distributed uniformly, at random, on a two-dimensional substrate. Our model includes unbiased random cell motion, together with two mechanisms which can produce cell aggregates: (i) rapid cell proliferation, and (ii) a biased cell motility mechanism where cells can sense other cells within a finite range, and will tend to move\ud
towards areas with higher numbers of cells. We then introduce a pair-correlation function which allows\ud
us to quantify aspects of the spatial patterns produced by our agent-based model. In particular, these pair-correlation functions are able to detect differences between domains populated uniformly at random (i.e. at the exclusion complete spatial randomness (ECSR) state) and those where the proliferation and biased motion rules have been employed - even when such differences are not obvious to the naked eye. The pair-correlation function can also detect the emergence of a characteristic inter-aggregate distance which occurs when the biased motion mechanism is dominant, and is not observed when cell proliferation\ud
is the main mechanism of aggregate formation. This suggests that applying the pair-correlation function\ud
to experimental images of cell aggregates may provide information about the mechanism associated with\ud
observed aggregates. As a proof of concept, we perform such analysis for images of cancer cell aggregates,\ud
which are known to be associated with rapid proliferation. The results of our analysis are consistent\ud
with the predictions of the proliferation-based simulations, which supports the potential usefulness of\ud
pair correlation functions for providing insight into the mechanisms of aggregate formation
On the Bohnenblust-Hille inequality and a variant of Littlewood's 4/3 inequality

The search for sharp constants for inequalities of the type Littlewood's 4/3 and Bohnenblust-Hille has lately shown unexpected applications in many fields such as Analytic Number Theory, Quantum Information Theory, or in results on n-dimensional Bohr radii. Recent estimates obtained for the multilinear Bohnenblust-Hille inequality (for real scalars) have been used, as a crucial tool, by A. Montanaro in order to solve problems in Quantum XOR games. Here, among other results, we obtain new upper bounds for the Bohnenblust-Hille constants (for complex scalars). For bilinear forms, we provide optimal constants of variants of Littlewood's 4/3 inequality (for real scalars) when the exponent 4/3 is replaced by any r >= 4/3. We also prove that the optimal constants in real case are always strictly greater than those from the complex case
Light 1(-+) exotics: molecular resonances

Highlights in the search for nonconventional (non-q.q) meson states are the π1(1400) and π1(1600) exotic candidates. Should they exist, mounting theoretical arguments suggest that they are tetraquark molecular resonances excitable by meson rescattering.We report a new tetraquark calculation within a model field theory approximation to Quantum Chromodynamics in the Coulomb gauge supporting this conjecture. We also strengthen this claim by  consistentlycontrasting results with exotic state predictions for hybrid (q . qg) mesons within the same theoretical framework. Our findings confirm that molecular like configurations involving two color singlets (a resonance, not a bound state) are clearly favored over hybrid or color-exotic tetraquark meson (q . qq.q atoms) formation. Finally, to assist needed further experimental searches we document a useful off-plane correlator for establishing the structure of these exotic systems along with similar, but anticipated much narrower, states that should exist in the charmonium and bottomonium spectra.\ud
\u
Improving the performance of the single-dish Cherenkov telescope MAGIC through the use of signal timing\ud

The Cherenkov light flashes produced by extensive air showers are very short in time. A high bandwidth and fast digitizing readout, therefore, can minimize the influence of the background from the light of the night sky, and improve the performance in Cherenkov telescopes. The time structure of the Cherenkov image can further be used in single-dish Cherenkov telescopes as an additional parameter to reduce the background from unwanted hadronic showers. A description of an analysis method which makes use of the time information and the subsequent improvement on the performance of the MAGIC telescope (especially after the upgrade with an ultra fast 2 GSamples/s digitization system in February 2007) will be presented. The use of timing information in the analysis of the new MAGIC data reduces the background by a factor two, which in turn results in an enhancement of about a factor 1.4 of the flux sensitivity to point-like sources, as tested on observations of the Crab Nebula. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.\u
Intravitreal chemotherapy for vitreous seeding in retinoblastoma: Recent advances and perspectives.

For decades intravitreal chemotherapy (IViC) remained virtually banished from the therapeutic armamentarium against retinoblastoma, except as a heroic attempt of salvage before enucleation in only eyes with refractory vitreous seeding. Very recently, we have initiated a reappraisal of this route of administration by (1) profiling eligibility criteria, (2) describing a safety-enhanced injection procedure, (3) adjusting the tumoricidal dose of melphalan, and (4) reporting an unprecedented efficacy in terms of tumor control of vitreous seeding. Since then, intravitreal chemotherapy is being progressively implemented worldwide with great success, but still awaits formal validation by the ongoing prospective phase II clinical trial. As far as preliminary results are concerned, IViC appears to achieve complete vitreous response in 100% of the 35 newly recruited patients irrespective of the previous treatment regimen, including external beam radiotherapy and/or intra-arterial melphalan. In other words, vitreous seeding, still considered as the major cause of primary and secondary enucleation, can now be controlled by IViC. However, sterilization of vitreous seeding does not necessarily translate into eye survival, unless the retinal source of the seeds receives concomitant therapy. In conclusion, IViC, an unsophisticated and cost-effective treatment, is about to revolutionize the eye survival prognosis of vitreous disease in advanced retinoblastoma
Comparative analysis of RNA sequencing methods for degraded or low-input samples

RNA-seq is an effective method for studying the transcriptome, but it can be difficult to apply to scarce or degraded RNA from fixed clinical samples, rare cell populations or cadavers. Recent studies have proposed several methods for RNA-seq of low-quality and/or low-quantity samples, but the relative merits of these methods have not been systematically analyzed. Here we compare five such methods using metrics relevant to transcriptome annotation, transcript discovery and gene expression. Using a single human RNA sample, we constructed and sequenced ten libraries with these methods and compared them against two control libraries. We found that the RNase H method performed best for chemically fragmented, low-quality RNA, and we confirmed this through analysis of actual degraded samples. RNase H can even effectively replace oligo(dT)-based methods for standard RNA-seq. SMART and NuGEN had distinct strengths for measuring low-quantity RNA. Our analysis allows biologists to select the most suitable methods and provides a benchmark for future method development.available in PMC 2014 January 01National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Pioneer Award DP1-OD003958-01)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI) 1P01HG005062-01)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI Center of Excellence in Genome Science Award 1P50HG006193-01)Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Investigator)Merkin Family Foundation for Stem Cell ResearchBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard (Klarman Cell Observatory)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (NHGRI grant HG03067)Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek--Vlaandere
Cold nuclear matter effects on J/psi production: intrinsic and extrinsic
  transverse momentum effects

Cold nuclear matter effects on J/psi production in proton-nucleus and
nucleus-nucleus collisions are evaluated taking into account the specific J/psi
production kinematics at the partonic level, the shadowing of the initial
parton distributions and the absorption in the nuclear matter. We consider two
different parton processes for the c-cbar pair production: one with collinear
gluons and a recoiling gluon in the final state and the other with initial
gluons carrying intrinsic transverse momentum. Our results are compared to RHIC
observables. The smaller values of the nuclear modification factor R_AA in the
forward rapidity region (with respect to the mid rapidity region) are partially
explained, therefore potentially reducing the need for recombination effects.Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures, LaTeX, uses elsarticle.cls (included).v2:
  version (with minor text revisions and Fig 2 and 4a modified) to appear in
  Phys.Lett.
Algebraic varieties representing group-based Markov processes on trees

In this paper we complete the results of Sullivant and Sturmfels proving that
many of the algebraic group-based models for Markov processes on trees are
pseudo-toric. We also show in which cases these varieties are normal. This is
done by the generalization of the discrete Fourier transform approach. In the
next step, following Sullivant and Sturmfels, we describe a fast algorithm
finding a polytope associated to these algebraic models. However in our case we
apply the notions of sockets and networks extending the work of Buczynska and
Wisniewski who introduced it for the binary case
The edge of the young Galactic disc

In this work we report and discuss the detection of two distant diffuse
stellar groups in the third Galactic quadrant. They are composed of young
stars, with spectral types ranging from late O to late B, and lie at
galactocentric distances between 15 and 20 kpc. These groups are located in the
area of two cataloged open clusters (VdB-Hagen~04 and Ruprecht~30), projected
towards the Vela-Puppis constellations, and within the core of the Canis Major
over-density. Their reddening and distance has been estimated analyzing their
color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, derived from deep $UBV$ photometry.
The existence of young star aggregates at such extreme distances from the
Galactic center challenges the commonly accepted scenario in which the Galactic
disc has a sharp cut-off at about 14 kpc from the Galactic center, and
indicates that it extends to much greater distances (as also supported by
recent detection of CO molecular complexes well beyond this distance). While
the groups we find in the area of Ruprecht~30 are compatible with the Orion and
Norma-Cygnus spiral arms, respectively, the distant group we identify in the
region of VdB-Hagen~4 lies in the external regions of the Norma-Cygnus arm, at
a galactocentric distance ($\sim$20 kpc) where no young stars had been detected
so far in the optical.Comment: 45 pages, 11 eps figure, accepted for publication in the
  Astrophysical Journa
Energy barriers of spin glasses from multi-overlap simulations

We report large-scale simulations of the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson
Ising spin glass system using the recently introduced multi-overlap Monte Carlo
algorithm. In this approach the temperature is fixed and two replica are
coupled through a weight factor such that a broad distribution of the Parisi
overlap parameter $q$ is achieved. Canonical expectation values for the entire
$q$-range (multi-overlap) follow by reweighting. We present an analysis of the
performance of the algorithm and in particular discuss results on spin glass
free-energy barriers which are hard to obtain with conventional algorithms. In
addition we discuss the non-trivial scaling behavior of the canonical
$q$-distributions in the broken phase.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 9 Postscript figure
Topological susceptibility in full QCD with Ginsparg-Wilson fermions

We show that, if the formula for the topological charge density operator
suggested by fermions obeying the Ginsparg-Wilson relation is employed, it is
possible to give a precise and unambiguous definition of the topological
susceptibility in full QCD, chi_tL, for finite quark masses on the lattice. The
lattice expression of chi_tL looks like the formal continuum one, in the sense
that no power divergent subtractions are needed for its proper definition. As a
consequence, the small mass behaviour of chi_tL leads directly to a
multiplicative renormalizable definition of the chiral condensate that does not
require any power divergent subtraction.Comment: 11 pages, no figure
Extracting |V_{ub}| from the Hadronic Mass Spectrum of Inclusive B
  decays

Following a strategy introduced earlier by the authors, we show that it is
possible to extract |V_{ub}| from the cut hadronic mass spectrum of B decays
without large systematic errors which usually arise from having to model the
Fermi motion of the heavy quark. We present a closed form expression for
|V_{ub}|/|V_{ts}| which is accurate up to corrections of order \alpha_s^2,
\alpha_s \rho, (\Lambda/m_b)^2/\rho, where \rho is the experimental cut
(s_c/m_b^2) on the hadronic mass used to veto charmed decays. Modulo duality
violation errors, which are intrinsic to all inclusive predictions, we estimate
the theoretical error in the extraction to be at the 5% level.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur
[OI] disk emission in the Taurus star forming region

The structure of protoplanetary disks is thought to be linked to the
temperature and chemistry of their dust and gas. Whether the disk is flat or
flaring depends on the amount of radiation that it absorbs at a given radius,
and on the efficiency with which this is converted into thermal energy. The
understanding of these heating and cooling processes is crucial to provide a
reliable disk structure for the interpretation of dust continuum emission and
gas line fluxes. Especially in the upper layers of the disk, where gas and dust
are thermally decoupled, the infrared line emission is strictly related to the
gas heating/cooling processes. We aim to study the thermal properties of the
disk in the oxygen line emission region, and to investigate the relative
importance of X-ray (1-120 Angstrom) and far-UV radiation (FUV, 912-2070
Angstrom) for the heating balance there. We use [OI] 63 micron line fluxes
observed in a sample of protoplanetary disks of the Taurus/Auriga star forming
region and compare it to the model predictions presented in our previous work.
The data were obtained with the PACS instrument on board the Herschel Space
Observatory as part of the Herschel Open Time Key Program GASPS (GAS in
Protoplanetary diskS), published in Howard et al. (2013). Our theoretical grid
of disk models can reproduce the [OI] absolute fluxes and predict a correlation
between [OI] and the sum Lx+Lfuv. The data show no correlation between the [OI]
line flux and the X-ray luminosity, the FUV luminosity or their sum. The data
show that the FUV or X-ray radiation has no notable impact on the region where
the [OI] line is formed. This is in contrast with what is predicted from our
models. Possible explanations are that the disks in Taurus are less flaring
than the hydrostatic models predict, and/or that other disk structure aspects
that were left unchanged in our models are important. ..abridged..Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in A&
Symbiotic stars in X-rays II: faint sources detected with XMM-Newton and
  Chandra

We report the detection, with ${\it Chandra}$ and XMM-${\it Newton}$, of
faint, soft X-ray emission from four symbiotics stars that were not known to be
X-ray sources. These four object show a $\beta$-type X-ray spectrum, i.e. their
spectra can be modeled with an absorbed optically thin thermal emission with
temperatures of a few million degrees. Photometric series obtained with the
Optical Monitor on board XMM-${\it Newton}$ from V2416 Sgr and NSV 25735
support the proposed scenario where the X-ray emission is produced in a
shock-heated region inside the symbiotic nebulae.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; A&A publishe
Comments on Observables for Identity-Based Marginal Solutions in
  Berkovits' Superstring Field Theory

We construct an analytic solution for tachyon condensation around
identity-based marginal solutions in Berkovits' WZW-like open superstring field
theory. Using this, which is a kind of wedge-based solution, the gauge
invariant overlaps for the identity-based marginal solutions can be calculated
analytically. This is a straightforward extension of a method in bosonic string
field theory, which has been elaborated by the authors, to superstring. We also
comment on a gauge equivalence relation between the tachyon vacuum solution and
its marginally deformed one. From this viewpoint, we can find the vacuum energy
of the identity-based marginal solutions to be zero, which agrees with the
previous result as a consequence of $\xi$ zero mode counting.Comment: 16 page
Matching 3d N=2 Vortices and Monopole Operators

In earlier work with N. Seiberg, we explored connections between monopole
operators, the Coulomb branch modulus, and vortices for 3d, N=2 supersymmetric,
$U(1)_k$ Chern-Simons matter theories. We here extend the monopole / vortex
matching analysis, to theories with general matter electric charges. We verify,
for general matter content, that the spin and other quantum numbers of the
chiral monopole operators match those of corresponding BPS vortex states, at
the top and bottom of the tower associated with quantizing the vortices'
Fermion zero modes. There are associated subtleties from non-normalizable Fermi
zero modes, which contribute non-trivially to the BPS vortex spectrum and
monopole operator matching; a proposed interpretation is further discussed
here.Comment: 22 pages. v2: fixed minor typos, JHEP versio
New Constraints on the Faint-end of the UV Luminosity Function at z~7-8
  using the Gravitational Lensing of the Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster A2744

Exploiting the power of gravitational lensing, the Hubble Frontier Fields
(HFF) program aims at observing six massive galaxy clusters to explore the
distant Universe far beyond the depth limits of blank field surveys. Using the
complete Hubble Space Telescope observations of the first HFF cluster Abell
2744, we report the detection of 50 galaxy candidates at $z \sim 7$ and eight
candidates at $z \sim 8$ in a total survey area of 0.96 arcmin$^{2}$ in the
source plane. Three of these galaxies are multiply-imaged by the lensing
cluster. Using an updated model of the mass distribution in the cluster we were
able to calculate the magnification factor and the effective survey volume for
each galaxy in order to compute the ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function at
both redshifts 7 and 8. Our new measurements extend the $z \sim 7$ UV LF down
to an absolute magnitude of $M_{UV} \sim -15.5$. We find a characteristic
magnitude of $M^{\star}_{UV}=-20.63^{+0.69}_{-0.56}$ mag and a faint-end slope
$\alpha = -1.88^{+0.17}_{-0.20}$ close to previous determinations in blank
fields. We show here for the first time that this slope remains steep down to
very faint luminosities of 0.01$L^{\star}$. Although prone to large
uncertainties, our results at $z \sim 8$ also seem to confirm a steep faint-end
slope below 0.1$L^{\star}$. The HFF program is therefore providing an extremely
efficient way to study the faintest galaxy populations at $z > 7$ that would
otherwise be inaccessible with current instrumentation. The full sample of six
galaxy clusters will provide yet better constraints on the build-up of galaxies
at early epochs and their contribution to cosmic reionization.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Ap
Numerical estimation of entropy loss on dimerization: improved
  prediction of the quaternary structure of the GCN4 leucine zipper

A lattice based model of a protein is used to study the dimerization
equilibrium of the GCN4 leucine zipper. Replica exchange Monte Carlo is used to
determine the free energy of both the monomeric and dimeric forms as a function
of temperature. The method of coincidences is then introduced to explicitly
calculate the entropy loss associated with dimerization, and from it the free
energy difference between monomer and dimer, as well as the corresponding
equilibrium reaction constant. We find that the entropy loss of dimerization is
a strong function of energy (or temperature), and that it is much larger than
previously estimated, especially for high energy states. The results confirm
that it is possible to study the dimerization equilibrium of GCN4 at
physiological concentrations within the reduced representation of the protein
employed