pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Covariant diagrams for one-loop matching

We present a diagrammatic formulation of recently-revived covariant
functional approaches to one-loop matching from an ultraviolet (UV) theory to a
low-energy effective field theory. Various terms following from a covariant
derivative expansion (CDE) are represented by diagrams which, unlike
conventional Feynman diagrams, involve gauge-covariant quantities and are thus
dubbed "covariant diagrams." The use of covariant diagrams helps organize and
simplify one-loop matching calculations, which we illustrate with examples. Of
particular interest is the derivation of UV model-independent universal
results, which reduce matching calculations of specific UV models to
applications of master formulas. We show how such derivation can be done in a
more concise manner than the previous literature, and discuss how additional
structures that are not directly captured by existing universal results,
including mixed heavy-light loops, open covariant derivatives, and mixed
statistics, can be easily accounted for.Comment: 54 pages, 8 tables; v2: matches published versio
Electroweak vacuum stability in the Higgs-Dilaton theory

We study the stability of the Electroweak (EW) vacuum in a scale-invariant
extension of the Standard Model and General Relativity, known as a
Higgs-Dilaton theory. The safety of the EW vacuum against possible transition
towards another vacuum is a necessary condition for the model to be
phenomenologically acceptable. We find that, within a wide range of parameters
of the theory, the decay rate is significantly suppressed compared to that of
the Standard Model. We also discuss properties of a tunneling solution that are
specific to the Higgs-Dilaton theory.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
In Pursuit of New Physics with $B^0_{s,d}\to\ell^+\ell^-$

Leptonic rare decays of $B^0_{s,d}$ mesons offer a powerful tool to search
for physics beyond the Standard Model. The $B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decay has
been observed at the Large Hadron Collider and the first measurement of the
effective lifetime of this channel was presented, in accordance with the
Standard Model. On the other hand, $B^0_{s}\to\tau^+\tau^-$ and $B^0_{s}\to
e^+e^-$ have received considerably less attention: while LHCb has recently
reported a first upper limit of $6.8\times10^{-3}$ (95% C.L.) for the
$B^0_s\to\tau^+\tau^-$ branching ratio, the upper bound $2.8\times 10^{-7}$
(90% C.L.) for the branching ratio of $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ was reported by CDF
back in 2009. We discuss the current status of the interpretation of the
measurement of $B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$, and explore the space for New-Physics
effects in the other $B^0_{s,d}\to\ell^+\ell^-$ decays in a scenario assuming
flavour-universal Wilson coefficients of the relevant four-fermion operators.
While the New-Physics effects are then strongly suppressed by the ratio
$m_\mu/m_\tau$ of the lepton masses in $B^0_s\to\tau^+\tau^-$, they are hugely
enhanced by $m_\mu/m_e$ in $B^0_s\to e^+e^-$ and may result in a $B^0_s\to
e^+e^-$ branching ratio as large as about 5 times the one of
$B^0_{s}\to\mu^+\mu^-$, which is about a factor of 20 below the CDF bound; a
similar feature arises in $B^0_{d}\to e^+e^-$. Consequently, it would be most
interesting to search for the $B^0_{s,d}\to e^+e^-$ channels at the LHC and
Belle II, which may result in an unambiguous signal for physics beyond the
Standard Model.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, more general discussion, application of MSSM MFV
  model corrected, main conclusions unchange
$B\to\pi\pi$ Form Factors from Light-Cone Sum Rules with $B$-meson
  Distribution Amplitudes

We study $B\to\pi\pi$ form factors using QCD light-cone sum rules with
$B$-meson distribution amplitudes. These form factors describe the semileptonic
decay $B\to \pi\pi \ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$, and constitute an essential input in
$B\to \pi\pi \ell^+\ell^-$ and $B\to \pi\pi\pi$ decays. We employ the
correlation functions where a dipion isospin-one state is interpolated by the
vector light-quark current. We obtain sum rules where convolutions of the
$P$-wave $\bar{B}^0\to \pi^+\pi^0$ form factors with the time-like pion vector
form factor are related to universal $B$-meson distribution amplitudes. These
sum rules are valid in the kinematic regime where the dipion state has a large
energy and a low invariant mass, and reproduce analytically the known
light-cone sum rules for $B\to \rho$ form factors in the limit of
$\rho$-dominance with zero width, thus providing a systematics for
so-far-unaccounted corrections to $B\to\rho$ transitions. Using data for the
pion vector form factor, we estimate finite width-effects and the contribution
of excited $\rho$-resonances to the $B\to\pi\pi$ form factors. We find that
these contributions amount up to $\sim 20\%$ in the small dipion mass region
where they can be effectively regarded as a nonresonant ($P$-wave) background
to the $B\to\rho$ transition.Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures. A few comments added. Version published in JHE
Search for the $B^{0}_{s} \to \eta^{\prime}\phi$ decay

A search for the charmless $B^{0}_{s} \to \eta^{\prime}\phi$ decay is
performed using $pp$ collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at
centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$. No signal is observed and upper limits on the
$B^{0}_{s} \to \eta^{\prime}\phi$ branching fraction are set to $0.82\times
10^{-6}$ at $90\%$ and $1.01\times 10^{-6}$ at $95\%$ confidence level.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-060.htm
Particle-vortex duality in topological insulators and superconductors

We investigate the origins and implications of the duality between
topological insulators and topological superconductors in three and four
spacetime dimensions. In the latter, the duality transformation can be made at
the level of the path integral in the standard way, while in three dimensions,
it takes the form of "self-duality in odd dimensions". In this sense, it is
closely related to the particle-vortex duality of planar systems. In
particular, we use this to elaborate on Son's conjecture that a three
dimensional Dirac fermion that can be thought of as the surface mode of a four
dimensional topological insulator is dual to a composite fermion.Comment: 11 pages, no figures; typos corrected, references added and update
A Cardy Formula for Three-Point Coefficients: How the Black Hole Got its
  Spots

Modular covariance of torus one-point functions constrains the three point
function coefficients of a two dimensional CFT. This leads to an asymptotic
formula for the average value of light-heavy-heavy three point coefficients,
generalizing Cardy's formula for the high energy density of states. The
derivation uses certain asymptotic properties of one-point conformal blocks on
the torus. Our asymptotic formula matches a dual AdS_3 computation of one point
functions in a black hole background. This is evidence that the BTZ black hole
geometry emerges upon course-graining over a suitable family of heavy
microstates.Comment: 23 pages, 1 Figur
Superrotation Charge and Supertranslation Hair on Black Holes

It is shown that black hole spacetimes in classical Einstein gravity are
characterized by, in addition to their ADM mass $M$, momentum $\vec P$, angular
momentum $\vec J$ and boost charge $\vec K$, an infinite head of
supertranslation hair. The distinct black holes are distinguished by classical
superrotation charges measured at infinity. Solutions with supertranslation
hair are diffeomorphic to the Schwarzschild spacetime, but the diffeomorphisms
are part of the BMS subgroup and act nontrivially on the physical phase space.
It is shown that a black hole can be supertranslated by throwing in an
asymmetric shock wave. A leading-order Bondi-gauge expression is derived for
the linearized horizon supertranslation charge and shown to generate, via the
Dirac bracket, supertranslations on the linearized phase space of gravitational
excitations of the horizon. The considerations of this paper are largely
classical augmented by comments on their implications for the quantum theory.Comment: 42 page
Top-Flavoured Dark Matter in Dark Minimal Flavour Violation

We study a simplified model of top-flavoured dark matter in the framework of
Dark Minimal Flavour Violation. In this setup the coupling of the dark matter
flavour triplet to right-handed up-type quarks constitutes the only new source
of flavour and CP violation. The parameter space of the model is restricted by
LHC searches with missing energy final states, by neutral $D$ meson mixing
data, by the observed dark matter relic abundance, and by the absence of signal
in direct detection experiments. We consider all of these constraints in turn,
studying their implications for the allowed parameter space. Imposing the mass
limits and coupling benchmarks from collider searches, we then conduct a
combined analysis of all the other constraints, revealing their non-trivial
interplay. Especially interesting is the combination of direct detection and
relic abundance constraints, having a severe impact on the structure of the
dark matter coupling matrix. We point out that future bounds from upcoming
direct detection experiments, such as XENON1T, XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN, and DARWIN,
will exclude a large part of the parameter space and push the DM mass to higher
values.Comment: 34 pages, 23 figures. v2: clarifying comments and few references
  added, matches published versio
Convolved Substructure: Analytically Decorrelating Jet Substructure
  Observables

A number of recent applications of jet substructure, in particular searches
for light new particles, require substructure observables that are decorrelated
with the jet mass. In this paper we introduce the Convolved SubStructure (CSS)
approach, which uses a theoretical understanding of the observable to
decorrelate the complete shape of its distribution. This decorrelation is
performed by convolution with a shape function whose parameters and mass
dependence are derived analytically. We consider in detail the case of the
$D_2$ observable and perform an illustrative case study using a search for a
light hadronically decaying $Z'$. We find that the CSS approach completely
decorrelates the $D_2$ observable over a wide range of masses. Our approach
highlights the importance of improving the theoretical understanding of jet
substructure observables to exploit increasingly subtle features for
performance.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures. v2. Corrected typo in legend in Figure 5.
  Updated Figure 11, minor modification to conclusions on discrimination power.
  v3. Updated to published version. Minor typos correcte
Yangian Symmetry for Bi-Scalar Loop Amplitudes

We establish an all-loop conformal Yangian symmetry for the full set of
planar amplitudes in the recently proposed integrable bi-scalar field theory in
four dimensions. This chiral theory is a particular double scaling limit of
gamma-twisted weakly coupled N=4 SYM theory. Each amplitude with a certain
order of scalar particles is given by a single fishnet Feynman graph of disc
topology cut out of a regular square lattice. The Yangian can be realized by
the action of a product of Lax operators with a specific sequence of
inhomogeneity parameters on the boundary of the disc. Based on this
observation, the Yangian generators of level one for generic bi-scalar
amplitudes are explicitly constructed. Finally, we comment on the relation to
the dual conformal symmetry of these scattering amplitudes.Comment: 40 pages, 20 figure
Heavy-Lifting of Gauge Theories By Cosmic Inflation

Future measurements of primordial non-Gaussianity can reveal cosmologically
produced particles with masses of order the inflationary Hubble scale and their
interactions with the inflaton, giving us crucial insights into the structure
of fundamental physics at extremely high energies. We study gauge-Higgs
theories that may be accessible in this regime, carefully imposing the
constraints of gauge symmetry and its (partial) Higgsing. We distinguish two
types of Higgs mechanisms: (i) a standard one in which the Higgs scale is
constant before and after inflation, where the particles observable in
non-Gaussianities are far heavier than can be accessed by laboratory
experiments, perhaps associated with gauge unification, and (ii) a
"heavy-lifting" mechanism in which couplings to curvature can result in Higgs
scales of order the Hubble scale during inflation while reducing to far lower
scales in the current era, where they may now be accessible to collider and
other laboratory experiments. In the heavy-lifting option,
renormalization-group running of terrestrial measurements yield predictions for
cosmological non-Gaussianities. If the heavy-lifted gauge theory suffers a
hierarchy problem, such as does the Standard Model, confirming such predictions
would demonstrate a striking violation of the Naturalness Principle. While
observing gauge-Higgs sectors in non-Gaussianities will be challenging given
the constraints of cosmic variance, we show that it may be possible with
reasonable precision given favorable couplings to the inflationary dynamics.Comment: 53 pages, 12 figure
Symmetry Realization via a Dynamical Inverse Higgs Mechanism

The Ward identities associated with spontaneously broken symmetries can be
saturated by Goldstone bosons. However, when space-time symmetries are broken,
the number of Goldstone bosons necessary to non-linearly realize the symmetry
can be less than the number of broken generators. The loss of Goldstones may be
due to a redundancy or the generation of a gap. This phenomena is called an
Inverse Higgs Mechanism (IHM). However, there are cases when a Goldstone boson
associated with a broken generator does not appear in the low energy theory
despite the lack of the existence of an associated IHM. In this paper we will
show that in such cases the relevant broken symmetry can be realized, without
the aid of an associated Goldstone, if there exists a proper set of operator
constraints, which we call a Dynamical Inverse Higgs Mechanism (DIHM). We
consider the spontaneous breaking of boosts, rotations and conformal
transformations in the context of Fermi liquids, finding three possible paths
to symmetry realization: pure Goldstones, no Goldstones and DIHM, or some
mixture thereof. We show that in the two dimensional degenerate electron system
the DIHM route is the only consistent way to realize spontaneously broken
boosts and dilatations, while in three dimensions these symmetries could just
as well be realized via the inclusion of non-derivatively coupled Goldstone
bosons. We have present the action, including the leading order
non-linearities, for the rotational Goldstone (angulon), and discuss the
constraint associated with the possible DIHM that would need to be imposed to
remove it from the spectrum. Finally we discuss the conditions under which
Goldstone bosons are non-derivatively coupled, a necessary condition for the
existence of a Dynamical Inverse Higgs Constraint (DIHC), generalizaing the
results for Vishwanath and Wantanabe.Comment: Added a new result for the beta function for the UV theory of unitary
  fermion
Zooming in on AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ near a BPS Bound

Any $(d+1)$-dimensional CFT with a $U(1)$ flavor symmetry, a BPS bound and an
exactly marginal coupling admits a decoupling limit in which one zooms in on
the spectrum close to the bound. This limit is an In\"on\"u-Wigner contraction
of $so(2,d+1)\oplus u(1)$ that leads to a relativistic algebra with a scaling
generator but no conformal generators. In 2D CFTs, Lorentz boosts are abelian
and by adding a second $u(1)$ we find a contraction of two copies of
$sl(2,\mathbb{R})\oplus u(1)$ to two copies of $P_2^c$, the 2-dimensional
centrally extended Poincar\'e algebra. We show that the bulk is described by a
novel non-Lorentzian geometry that we refer to as pseudo-Newton-Cartan
geometry. Both the Chern-Simons action on $sl(2,\mathbb{R})\oplus u(1)$ and the
entire phase space of asymptotically AdS$_3$ spacetimes are well-behaved in the
corresponding limit if we fix the radial component for the $u(1)$ connection.
With this choice, the resulting Newton-Cartan foliation structure is now
associated not with time, but with the emerging holographic direction. Since
the leaves of this foliation do not mix, the emergence of the holographic
direction is much simpler than in AdS$_3$ holography. Furthermore, we show that
the asymptotic symmetry algebra of the limit theory consists of a left- and a
right-moving warped Virasoro algebra.Comment: 38 pages, v2: references added and typos corrected, v3: references
  added, journal versio
BPS equations and Non-trivial Compactifications

We consider the problem of finding exact, eleven-dimensional, BPS
supergravity solutions in which the compactification involves a non-trivial
Calabi-Yau manifold, ${\cal Y}$, as opposed to simply a $T^6$. Since there are
no explicitly-known metrics on non-trivial, compact Calabi-Yau manifolds, we
use a non-compact "local model" and take the compactification manifold to be
${\cal Y} = {\cal M}_{GH} \times T^2$ where ${\cal M}_{GH}$ is a
hyper-K\"ahler, Gibbons-Hawking ALE space. We focus on backgrounds with three
electric charges in five dimensions and find exact families of solutions to the
BPS equations that have the same four supersymmetries as the three-charge black
hole. Our exact solution to the BPS system requires that the Calabi-Yau
manifold be fibered over the space-time using compensators on ${\cal Y}$. The
role of the compensators is to ensure smoothness of the eleven-dimensional
metric when the moduli of ${\cal Y}$ depend on the space-time. The Maxwell
field Ansatz also implicitly involves the compensators through the frames of
the fibration. We examine the equations of motion and discuss the brane
distributions on generic internal manifolds that do not have enough symmetry to
allow smearing.Comment: 32 pages, no figure
Renormalization of Dijet Operators at Order $1/Q^2$ in Soft-Collinear
  Effective Theory

We make progress towards resummation of power-suppressed logarithms in dijet
event shapes such as thrust, which have the potential to improve high-precision
fits for the value of the strong coupling constant. Using a newly developed
formalism for Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET), we identify and compute
the anomalous dimensions of all the operators that contribute to event shapes
at order $1/Q^2$. These anomalous dimensions are necessary to resum
power-suppressed logarithms in dijet event shape distributions, although an
additional matching step and running of observable-dependent soft functions
will be necessary to complete the resummation. In contrast to standard SCET,
the new formalism does not make reference to modes or $\lambda$-scaling. Since
the formalism does not distinguish between collinear and ultrasoft degrees of
freedom at the matching scale, fewer subleading operators are required when
compared to recent similar work. We demonstrate how the overlap subtraction
prescription extends to these subleading operators.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, journal version, typos fixed
  in eqs. 2.11, 3.12, 3.1
Probing SUSY effects in $K_S^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-$

We explore supersymmetric contributions to the decay
$K_S^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-$, in light of current experimental data. The
Standard Model (SM) predicts
$\mathcal{B}(K_S^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-)\approx5\times 10^{-12}$. We find that
contributions arising from flavour violating Higgs penguins can enhance the
branching fraction up to $\approx 35\times 10^{-12}$ within different scenarios
of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), as well as suppress it
down to $\approx 0.78\times 10^{-12}$. Regions with fine-tuned parameters can
bring the branching fraction up to the current experimental upper bound,
$8\times 10^{-10}$. The mass degeneracy of the heavy Higgs bosons in MSSM
induces correlations between $\mathcal{B}(K_S^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-)$ and
$\mathcal{B}(K_L^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-)$. Predictions for the $CP$ asymmetry
in $K^0\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-$ decays in the context of MSSM are also given, and
can be up to eight times bigger than in the SM.Comment: 36 pages, 31 fig
Supersymmetric gauged matrix models from dimensional reduction on a
  sphere

It was recently proposed that N=1 supersymmetric gauged matrix models have a
duality of order four - that is, a quadrality - reminiscent of infrared
dualities of SQCD theories in higher dimensions. In this note, we show that the
zero-dimensional quadrality proposal can be infered from the two-dimensional
Gadde-Gukov-Putrov triality. We consider two-dimensional N=(0,2) SQCD
compactified on a sphere with the half-topological twist. For a convenient
choice of R-charge, the zero-mode sector on the sphere gives rise to a simple
N=1 gauged matrix model. Triality on the sphere then implies a triality
relation for the supersymmetric matrix model, which can be completed to the
full quadrality.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
Dark Matter Signals at the LHC from a 3HDM

We analyse new signals of Dark Matter (DM) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
in a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) where only one doublet acquires a Vacuum
Expectation Value (VEV), preserving a parity $Z_2$. The other two doublets are
\textit{inert} and do not develop a VEV, leading to a {\it dark scalar sector}
controlled by $Z_2$, with the lightest CP-even dark scalar $H_1$ being the DM
candidate. This leads to the loop induced decay of the next-to-lightest scalar,
$H_2 \to H_1 f \bar f$ ($f=u,d,c,s,b,e,\mu,\tau$), mediated by both dark CP-odd
and charged scalars. This is a smoking-gun signal of the 3HDM since it is not
allowed in the 2HDM with one inert doublet and is expected to be important when
$H_2$ and $H_1$ are close in mass. In practice, this signature can be observed
in the cascade decay of the SM-like Higgs boson, $h\to H_1 H_2\to H_1 H_1 f
\bar f$ into two DM particles and di-leptons/di-jets, where $h$ is produced
from either gluon-gluon Fusion (ggF) or Vector Boson Fusion (VBF). However,
this signal competes with the tree-level channel $q\bar q\to H_1H_1Z^*\to
H_1H_1f \bar f$. We devise some benchmarks, compliant with collider, DM and
cosmological data, for which the interplay between these modes is discussed. In
particular, we show that the resulting detector signature, $\Et\; f \bar f$,
with invariant mass of $ f \bar f$ much smaller than $m_Z$, can potentially be
extracted already during Run 2 and 3. For example, the $H_2\to H_1\gamma^*$ and
$\gamma^*\to e^+e^-$ case will give a spectacular QED mono-shower signal.Comment: The version appearing in JHE
Tinkertoys for the E7 Theory

We classify the class $S$ theories of type $E_7$. These are four-dimensional
$\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories arising from the compactification
of the $E_7$ $(2,0)$ theory on a punctured Riemann surface, $C$. The
classification is given by listing all 3-punctured spheres ("fixtures"), and
connecting cylinders, which can arise in a pants-decomposition of $C$. We find
exactly 11,000 fixtures with three regular punctures, and an additional 48 with
one "irregular puncture" (in the sense used in our previous works). To organize
this large number of theories, we have created a web application at
https://golem.ph.utexas.edu/class-S/E7/ . Among these theories, we find 10 new
ones with a simple exceptional global symmetry group, as well as a new rank-2
SCFT and several new rank-3 SCFTs. As an application, we study the
strong-coupling limit of the $E_7$ gauge theory with 3 hypermultiplets in the
$56$. Using our results, we also verify recent conjectures that the $T^2$
compactification of certain $6d$ $(1,0)$ theories can alternatively be realized
in class $S$ as fixtures in the $E_7$ or $E_8$ theories.Comment: Fixed one entry in table of interacting fixtures with an irregular
  punctur