pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Electron-loss and target ionization cross sections for water vapor by 20-150 keV neutral atomic hydrogen impact

To be published in Chemical Physics Letters - IPMA complete set of cross sections is reported for the ionization of water molecules by neutral atomic hydrogen impact at velocities of the order of the Bragg peak. The measured relative cross sections are normalized by comparison with proton impact results for the same target conditions and previous absolute data. Event by event coincidence analysis of the product ions and the projectile enables partial cross sections for target ionization and target plus projectile ionization to be determined, as well as total cross sections for electron loss reactions
Indentation of the Philippine Sea plate by the Eurasia plate in Taiwan: Details from recent marine seismological experiments

International audienceWe analyze in this study a new set of marine data including 3D local tomography, 1992-2008 relocated earthquakes and two recent multichannel seismic lines to characterize the deformation style in the collision area offshore east Taiwan. We have mapped in detail the Mohos of the converging plates as well as the subduction interface with a resolution never reached before. We show that the sharp continental subduction of the Eurasia plate, beneath the middle part of the Central Range, indents the Philippine Sea plate (PSP) as attested by intra-oceanic slicing and incipient subduction of the PSP beneath the east coast of Taiwan. The westernmost part of the PSP slab is probably experiencing a beginning of break-off as attested by NW-trending en-échelon shear zones beneath the southern slope of the southern Ryukyu arc (SRA). These en-échelon shear zones have a sinistral component favored by the "collision-free" subduction of the PSP north of 24°30′N. The down-faulting of the subduction interface forms ramps along which earthquakes clusterize. Three M7 subduction earthquakes occurred offshore Suao city along these ramps with a recurrence interval of about 40 years: 1920 Mw7.7, 1963 Mw7.2 and 2002 Mw7.1 events. The 1966 Mw6.0-7.5 earthquakes sequence likely outlines a WNW-ESE left-lateral intra-slab shear zone. The SRA upper plate accommodates the complex geometry and deformation of the subducting PSP through seismic deformation. Shallow high velocities fringing the Luzon volcanic arc (LVA) beneath the Longitudinal Valley and north of the southernmost Ryukyu forearc basins are interpreted as relics of the LVA forearc basement squeezed in the collision zone. Based on the accommodation of a large part of the convergence through shortening within the PSP and the subsequent segmentation of the shallow subduction interface, we consider that the nucleation of a Mw ≥ 8 earthquake along the southernmost Ryukyu megathrust is unlikely
Millet cultivation history in the French Alps as evidenced by a sedimentary molecule

International audienceWe report on the detection, in a sediment core drilled in Lake Le Bourget (French Alps), of a fossil molecule (miliacin) that was synthesized by broomcorn millet cultivated in the watershed, and then exported to the sediment. The variation in abundance of this molecule allows us reconstructing the history of millet cultivation around Lake Le Bourget. Our results support the introduction of millet around -1700 BC in the region. After an intensive cultivation during the Late Bronze Age, the failure of millet cropping during the Hallstatt period coincides with a phase of climatic deterioration. Millet cultivation recovers during the Roman and Mediaeval periods before falling most probably due to the introduction of more productive cereals. These pioneering results constitute the first continuous record of an agrarian activity for the last 6000 yrs and emphasize the close relationships between local hydrology, land use and agro-pastoral activities around Lake Le Bourget
Finding a new identity for a township club – the case of the Mighty 5 Star in Stellenbosch

International audienceThis article analyses how football membership has been transformed in Kayamandi, a township situated on the outskirts of Stellenbosch in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It focuses on the rationales behind membership in the Mighty 5 Star, a Kayamandi amateur club created in 1972, in order to understand the changing interrelationships between the club and the neighbourhood. Based on participatory observations, written sources published by the club on the internet, as well as interviews, this article discusses the various membership processes between the club and the players from 1972 to 2011, characterising the social and urban rationales that have structured and organised them, and situating those rationales, whenever possible, in the history of the political and social changes in South Africa since 1972. The article illustrates how an imported football model can move into spaces hitherto organised around football models which expressed different interests on a local level. Moreover, it shows how north-south sports relations may, at an amateur sport level, transform the social rationales around and interrelationship with an urban territory
Global Contests in the Production of Business Knowledge :
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Regional Centres and Individual Business Schools

International audienceDrawing on institutional theory, the global production of business research is analysed by examining the system of written outputs using one of the largest databases of journal papers ever assembled, covering over 65,000 articles produced by more than 54,000 authors from over 8,000 different institutions across the period 1992-2005. We begin by pointing out how the US business schools pioneered the modern institutional system of undertaking and disseminating research that involves the intertwining of and university business schools and journals. While Wharton and Harvard are still the leading universities globally, their crowns are slipping, together with the position of the US generally. We observe the greatest challenges to the existing order as coming from European and Asian institutions that have either copied, or been inspired to innovate by adapting, the US system. London Business School, Erasmus, INSEAD and Tilburg are threatening to topple leading US universities in the undertaking of research, and other European and Asian institutions are close behind
A Comparison of Some Morphological Filters for Improving OCR Performance

International audienceStudying discrete space representations has recently lead to the development of novel morphological operators. To date, there has been no study evaluating the performances of those novel operators with respect to a specific application. This article compares the capability of several morphological operators, both old and new, to improve OCR performance when used as preprocessing filters. We design an experiment using the Tesseract OCR engine on binary images degraded with a realistic document-dedicated noise model. We assess the performances of some morphological filters acting in complex, graph and vertex spaces, including the area filters. This experiment reveals the good overall performance of complex and graph filters. MSE measures have also been performed to evaluate the denoising capability of these filters, which again confirms the performances of both complex and graph filtering on this aspect
Singular limits for reaction-diffusion equations with fractional Laplacian and local or nonlocal nonlinearity

International audienceWe perform an asymptotic analysis of models of population dynamics with a fractional Laplacian and local or nonlocal reaction terms. The first part of the paper is devoted to the long time/long range rescaling of the fractional Fisher-KPP equation. This rescaling is based on the exponential speed of propagation of the population. In particular we show that the only role of the fractional Laplacian in determining this speed is at the initial layer where it determines the thickness of the tails of the solutions. Next, we show that such rescaling is also possible for models with non-local reaction terms, as selection-mutation models. However, to obtain a more relevant qualitative behavior for this second case, we introduce, in the second part of the paper, a second rescaling where we assume that the diffusion steps are small. In this way, using a WKB ansatz, we obtain a Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the limit which describes the asymptotic dynamics of the solutions, similarly to the case of selection-mutation models with a classical Laplace term or an integral kernel with thin tails. However, the rescaling introduced here is very different from the latter cases. We extend these results to the multidimensional case
Single-machine scheduling with time window-dependent processing times

International audienceIn the one-machine scheduling problems analysed in this paper, the processing time of a job depends on the time at which the job is started. More precisely, the horizon is divided into time windows and with each one a coefficient is associated that is used to determine the actual processing time of a job starting in it. Two models are introduced, and one of them has direct connections with models considered in previous papers on scheduling problems with time-dependent processing times. Various computational complexity results are presented for the makespan criterion, which show that the problem is NP-hard, even with two time windows. Solving procedures are also proposed for some special cases
An aromatic hydroxylation reaction catalyzed by a two-component FMN-dependent Monooxygenase. The ActVA-ActVB system from Streptomyces coelicolor.

International audienceThe ActVA-ActVB system from Streptomyces coelicolor isatwo-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase that belongs to an emerging class of enzymes involved in various oxidation reactions in microorganisms. The ActVB component is a NADH:flavin oxidoreductase that provides a reduced FMN to the second component, ActVA the proper monooxygenase. In this work, we demonstrate that the ActVA-ActVB system catalyzes the aromatic monohydroxylation of dihydrokalafungin by molecular oxygen. In the presence of reduced FMN and molecular oxygen, the ActVA active site accommodates and stabilizes an electrophilic flavin FMN-OOH hydroperoxide intermediate species as the oxidant. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that the quinone form of dihydrokalafungin is not oxidized by the ActVA-ActVB system, whereas the corresponding hydroquinone is an excellent substrate. The enantiomer of dihydrokalafungin, nanaomycin A, as well as the enantiomer of kalafungin, nanaomycin D, are also substrates in their hydroquinone forms. The previously postulated product of the ActVA-ActVB system, the antibiotic actinorhodin, was not found to be formed during the oxidation reaction
CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin-film absorber layers for solar photovoltaics fabricated by two-stage pulsed current electrodeposition

Single phase polycrystalline Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) thin-films for solar photovoltaic applications were fabricated by an economical two-stage method of Pulsed Current (PC) electrodeposition. Cu, Ga and Se were first co-deposited onto a Mo foil followed by deposition of In. The as-deposited films were annealed in Argon atmosphere at 550 C for 30 min and were further characterized to study their morphology, phase constitution, and optical absorption. The results revealed that the films have a compact morphology and are comprised of a crystalline chalcopyrite single phase CIGS. The bandgap of the CIGS films was found to be 1.27 eV from absorption studies. The photoelectrochemical studies revealed the p-type nature of CIGS films with improved photocurrent over that obtained for one-stage PC electrodeposited CIGS thin-film
LIDT-DD: A new self-consistent debris disc model that includes radiation pressure and couples dynamical and collisional evolution

International audienceContext. In most current debris disc models, the dynamical and the collisional evolutions are studied separately with N-body and statistical codes, respectively, because of stringent computational constraints. In particular, incorporating collisional effects (especially destructive collisions) into an N-body scheme has proven a very arduous task because of the exponential increase of particles it would imply. Aims. We present here LIDT-DD, the first code able to mix both approaches in a fully self-consistent way. Our aim is for it to be generic enough to be applied to any astrophysical case where we expect dynamics and collisions to be deeply interlocked with one another: planets in discs, violent massive breakups, destabilized planetesimal belts, bright exozodiacal discs, etc.Methods. The code takes its basic architecture from the LIDT3D algorithm for protoplanetary discs, but has been strongly modified and updated to handle the very constraining specificities of debris disc physics: high-velocity fragmenting collisions, radiation-pressure affected orbits, absence of gas that never relaxes initial conditions, etc. It has a 3D Lagrangian-Eulerian structure, where grains of a given size at a given location in a disc are grouped into super-particles or tracers whose orbits are evolved with an N-body code and whose mutual collisions are individually tracked and treated using a particle-in-a-box prescription designed to handle fragmenting impacts. To cope with the wide range of possible dynamics for same-sized particles at any given location in the disc, and in order not to lose important dynamical information, tracers are sorted and regrouped into dynamical families depending on their orbits. A complex reassignment routine that searches for redundant tracers in each family and reassignes them where they are needed, prevents the number of tracers from diverging.Results. The LIDT-DD code has been successfully tested on simplified cases for which robust results have been obtained in past studies: we retrieve the classical features of particle size distributions in unperturbed discs and the outer radial density profiles in ~r-1.5 outside narrow collisionally active rings as well as the depletion of small grains in dynamically cold discs. The potential of the new code is illustrated with the test case of the violent breakup of a massive planetesimal within a debris disc. Preliminary results show that we are able for the first time to quantify the timescale over which the signature of such massive break-ups can be detected. In addition to studying such violent transient events, the main potential future applications of the code are planet and disc interactions, and more generally, any configurations where dynamics and collisions are expected to be intricately connected
Copula analysis of mixture models

International audienceContemporary computers collect databases that can be too large for classical methods to handle. The present work takes data whose observations are distribution functions (rather than the single numerical point value of classical data) and presents a computational statistical approach of a new methodology to group the distributions into classes. The clustering method links the searched partition to the decomposition of mixture densities, through the notions of a function of distributions and of multi-dimensional copulas. The new clustering technique is illustrated by ascertaining distinct temperature and humidity regions for a global climate dataset and shows that the results compare favorably with those obtained from the standard EM algorithm method
Photoelectrochemical study of nickel base alloys oxide films formed at high temperature and high pressure water

International audienceThe oxide film formed on nickel base alloys at high temperature and high pressure water exhibits semi-conducting properties evidenced by photocurrent generation when exposed to monochromatic light. The use of macro- and micro-photoelectrochemical techniques (PEC and MPEC) aims to identify the different semiconductor phases and their distribution in the oxide film. Three different nickel base alloys were corroded in recirculation loop at 325 °C in pressurised water reactor primary coolant conditions for different exposition durations. PEC experiments on these materials enable to obtain macroscopic energy spectra showing three contributions. The first one, with a band gap around 2.2 eV, was attributed to the presence of nickel hydroxide and/or nickel ferrite. The second one, with a band gap around 3.5 eV, was attributed to Cr2O3. The last contribution, with a band gap in the range of 4.1–4.5 eV, was attributed to the spinel phase Ni1−xFexCr2O4. In addition, macroscopic potential spectra recorded at different energies highlight n-type semi-conduction behaviours for both oxides, Cr2O3 and Ni1−xFexCr2O4. Moreover, MPEC images recorded at different energies exhibit contrasted regions in photocurrent, describing the distribution of nickel hydroxide and/or nickel ferrite and Cr2O3 in the oxide film at a micron scale. It is concluded that PEC techniques represent a sensitive and powerful way to locally analyse the various semiconductor phases in the oxide scale
Evidence for core excitation in single-particle states of $^{19}$Na

We present an experimental study of $^{19}$Na states in the excitation energy range between 2 and 3 MeV. The presence of $^{19}$Na single-particle levels at these energies was first predicted by a microscopic cluster model and then experimentally confirmed by measuring the elastic and inelastic scattering of a 66 MeV $^{18}$Ne radioactive beam on a $(CH2)_n$ target. The H($^{18}$Ne,p)$^{18}$Ne(g.s.) and H($^{18}$Ne,p')18Ne*($2^+$, 1.887 MeV) cross sections have been obtained in the laboratory angular range $\theta$_lab$ = 6.1°−18.4° and analyzed by using the R-matrix method. Two new states in $^{19}$Na have been observed at centre of mass energies $E_c.m.$ = 2.78 ± 0.01 MeV and 3.09 ± 0.05 MeV. Both resonances exhibit large widths in the $^{18}$Ne($2^+$)+p channel, and low branching ratios into the elastic channel. The reduced proton widths confirm the single-particle nature of these states, with a $^{18}$Ne($2^+$)+p structure
An open-access long oligonucleotide microarray resource for analysis of the human and mouse transcriptomes.

Two collections of oligonucleotides have been designed for preparing pangenomic human and mouse microarrays. A total of 148,993 and 121,703 oligonucleotides were designed against human and mouse transcripts. Quality scores were created in order to select 25,342 human and 24,109 mouse oligonucleotides. They correspond to: (i) a BLAST-specificity score; (ii) the number of expressed sequence tags matching each probe; (iii) the distance to the 3' end of the target mRNA. Scores were also used to compare in silico the two microarrays with commercial microarrays. The sets described here, called RNG/MRC collections, appear at least as specific and sensitive as those from the commercial platforms. The RNG/MRC collections have now been used by an Anglo-French consortium to distribute more than 3500 microarrays to the academic community. Ad hoc identification of tissue-specific transcripts and a approximately 80% correlation with hybridizations performed on Affymetrix GeneChiptrade mark suggest that the RNG/MRC microarrays perform well. This work provides a comprehensive open resource for investigators working on human and mouse transcriptomes, as well as a generic method to generate new microarray collections in other organisms. All information related to these probes, as well as additional information about commercial microarrays have been stored in a freely-accessible database called MEDIANTE
Are fecal stanols suitable to record and identify a pulse of human fecal contamination in short-term exposed shellfish? A microcosm study

International audienceIn this study, the capacity of oysters to bioaccumulate fecal stanols and to record a source-specificfingerprint was investigated by the short-term contamination of seawater microcosms containing oysterswith a human effluent. Contaminated oysters bioaccumulated the typical fecal stanols coprostanol and24-ethylcoprostanol and their bioaccumulation kinetics were similar to that of the Fecal Indicator BacteriaEscherichia coli used in European legislation. Although stanol fingerprints of contaminated waterallowed the identification of the human specific fingerprint, this was not the case for oysters. This discrepancyis attributed to (i) high concentrations of endogenous cholestanol and sitostanol, responsiblefor ‘‘unbalanced’’ stanol fingerprints, (ii) different accumulation/depuration kinetics of fecal coprostanoland 24-ethylcoprostanol and (iii) the limits of the analytical pathway used. These results show that fecalstanols bioaccumulated by oysters are useful to record fecal contamination but the usefulness of stanolfingerprints to identify specific sources of contamination in shellfish currently seems limited
Competition between Humic Acid and Carbonates for Rare Earth Elements Complexation

International audienceThe competitive binding of rare earth elements (REE) to humic acid (HA) and carbonates was studied experimentally at various pH and alkalinity values by combining Ultrafiltration and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry techniques. The results show that the REE species occur as binary humate or carbonate complexes but not as ternary REEcarbonate-humate as previously proposed. The results also reveal the strong pH and alkalinity dependence of the competition as well as the existence of a systematic fractionation across the REE series. Specifically, carbonate complexation is at a maximum at pH 10 and increase with increasing alkalinity and with the atomic number of the REE (LuCO3 >> LaCO3). Modelling of the data using Model VI and recently published stability constants for complexation of REE by humic acid well reproduced the experimental data, confirming the ability of Model VI to accurately determine REE speciation in natural waters. This modelling also confirms the reliability of recently published stability constants. This work shed more light not only on the competition between carbonates and HA for REE complexation but also on the reliability of WHAM 6 and Model VI for calculating the speciation of REE with organic matter in alkaline organic rich-water
Gaussian linear state-space model for wind fields in the North-East Atlantic

International audienceA multisite stochastic generator for wind speed is proposed. It aims at simulating realistic wind conditions with a focus on reproducing the space-time motions of the meteorological systems. A Gaussian linear state-space model is used where the latent state may be interpreted as regional wind conditions and the observation equation links regional 1 and local scales. Parameter estimation is performed by combining a method of moments and the EM algorithm. The model is fitted to 6-hourly reanalysis data in the North-East Atlantic. It is shown that the fitted model is interpretable and provides a good description of important properties of the space-time covariance function of the data, such as the non full-symmetry induced by prevailing flows in this area