pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b jets or τ leptons

© 2016 The Author.A search is performed for a new resonance decaying into a lighter resonance and a Z boson. Two channels are studied, targeting the decay of the lighter resonance into either a pair of oppositely charged τ leptons or a bb pair. The Z boson is identified via its decays to electrons or muons. The search exploits data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb-1. No significant deviations are observed from the standard model expectation and limits are set on production cross sections and parameters of two-Higgs-doublet models
Prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: An advisory statement from the European Resuscitation Council and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.

OBJECTIVES: To review and update the evidence on predictors of poor outcome (death, persistent vegetative state or severe neurological disability) in adult comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, either treated or not treated with controlled temperature, to identify knowledge gaps and to suggest a reliable prognostication strategy.
METHODS: GRADE-based systematic review followed by expert consensus achieved using Web-based Delphi methodology, conference calls and face-to-face meetings. Predictors based on clinical examination, electrophysiology, biomarkers and imaging were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from a total of 73 studies was reviewed. The quality of evidence was low or very low for almost all studies. In patients who are comatose with absent or extensor motor response at ≥72 h from arrest, either treated or not treated with controlled temperature, bilateral absence of either pupillary and corneal reflexes or N20 wave of short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials were identified as the most robust predictors. Early status myoclonus, elevated values of neuron-specific enolase at 48-72 h from arrest, unreactive malignant EEG patterns after rewarming, and presence of diffuse signs of postanoxic injury on either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were identified as useful but less robust predictors. Prolonged observation and repeated assessments should be considered when results of initial assessment are inconclusive. Although no specific combination of predictors is sufficiently supported by available evidence, a multimodal prognostication approach is recommended in all patients
Inverse barocaloric effects in ferroelectric BaTiO$_3$ ceramics

We use calorimetry to identify pressure-driven isothermal entropy changes in ceramic samples of the prototypical ferroelectric BaTiO$_3$. Near the structural phase transitions at ~400 K (cubic-tetragonal) and ~280 K (tetragonal-orthorhombic), the inverse barocaloric response differs in sign and magnitude from the corresponding conventional electrocaloric response. The differences in sign arise due to the decrease in unit-cell volume on heating through the transitions, whereas the differences in magnitude arise due to the large volumetric thermal expansion on either side of the transitions.European Research Council (Starting Grant ID: 680032), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant ID: EP/M003752/1), CICyT (Spain) (Project Nos. MAT2013-40590-P and FIS2014-54734-P),  DGU (Catalonia) (Project No. 2014SGR00581), SUR (DEC  Catalonia), AGAUR, FNR Luxembourg through COFERMAT project, Royal SocietyThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from American Institute of Physics Publishing via http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.496159
Goodreads Reviews to Assess the Wider Impacts of Books

Although peer-review and citation counts are commonly used to help assess the scholarly impact of published research, informal reader feedback might also be exploited to help assess the wider impacts of books, such as their educational or cultural value. The social website Goodreads seems to be a reasonable source for this purpose because it includes a large number of book reviews and ratings by many users inside and outside of academia. To check this, Goodreads book metrics were compared with different book-based impact indicators for 15,928 academic books across broad fields. Goodreads engagements were numerous enough in the Arts (85% of books had at least one), Humanities (80%) and Social Sciences (67%) for use as a source of impact evidence. Low and moderate correlations between Goodreads book metrics and scholarly or non-scholarly indicators suggest that reader feedback in Goodreads reflects the many purposes of books rather than a single type of impact. Although Goodreads book metrics can be manipulated they could be used guardedly by academics, authors, and publishers in evaluations
Combined results of searches for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Combined results are reported from searches for the standard model Higgs boson in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV in five Higgs boson decay modes: γγ, bb, ττ , WW, and ZZ. The explored Higgs boson mass range is 110–600 GeV. The analysed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6–4.8 fb[superscript −1]. The expected excluded mass range in the absence of the standard model Higgs boson is 118–543 GeV at 95% CL. The observed results exclude the standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 127–600 GeV at 95% CL, and in the mass range 129–525 GeV at 99% CL. An excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed at the low end of the explored mass range making the observed limits weaker than expected in the absence of a signal. The largest excess, with a local significance of 3.1σ, is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance ⩾3.1σ anywhere in the search range 110–600 (110–145) GeV is estimated to be 1.5σ(2.1σ). More data are required to ascertain the origin of the observed excess.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
230 GHz VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF M87: EVENT‐HORIZON‐SCALE STRUCTURE DURING AN ENHANCED VERY‐HIGH‐ENERGY γ‐RAY STATE IN 2012

We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0° as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is ~1 X 10[superscript 10] K derived from the compact flux density of ~1 Jy and the angular size of ~40 µas ~ 5.5 R[subscript s], which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1–86 GHz located within ~10[superscript 2] R[subscript s]. Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of ~20–60 R[subscript s]
Search for anomalous single top quark production in association with a photon in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

The result of a search for flavor changing neutral currents (FCNC) through single top quark production in association with a photon is presented. The study is based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb$^{−1}$. The search for tγ events where t → Wb and W → μν is conducted in final states with a muon, a photon, at least one hadronic jet with at most one being consistent with originating from a bottom quark, and missing transverse momentum. No evidence of single top quark production in association with a photon through a FCNC is ob- served. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the tuγ and tcγ anomalous couplings and translated into upper limits on the branching fraction of the FCNC top quark decays: B(t → uγ) < 1.3 × 10$^{−4}$ and B(t → cγ) < 1.7 × 10$^{−3}$. Upper limits are also set on the cross section of associated tγ production in a restricted phase-space region. These are the most stringent limits currently available
Search for top squark pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in root s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for top squark (stop) pair production in final states with one isolated lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum are reported. The analysis is performed with proton-proton collision data at s root = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb -1. The lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) is taken to be the lightest neutralino which only interacts weakly and is assumed to be stable. The stop decay modes considered are those to a top quark and the LSP as well as to a bottom quark and the lightest chargino, where the chargino decays to the LSP by emitting a W boson. A wide range of scenarios with different mass splittings between the stop, the lightest neutralino and the lightest chargino are considered, including cases where the W bosons or the top quarks are off-shell. Decay modes involving the heavier charginos and neutralinos are addressed using a set of phenomenological models of supersymmetry. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed. A stop with a mass between 210 and 640 GeV decaying directly to a top quark and a massless LSP is excluded at 95% confidence level, and in models where the mass of the lightest chargino is twice that of the LSP, stops are excluded at 95% confidence level up to a mass of 500 GeV for an LSP mass in the range of 100 to 150 GeV. Stringent exclusion limits are also derived for all other stop decay modes considered, and model-independent upper limits are set on the visible cross-section for processes beyond the Standard Model.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
The digital computer as a metaphor for the perfect laboratory experiment: Loophole-free Bell experiments

Using Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiments as an example, we demonstrate that the combination of a digital computer and algorithms, as a metaphor for a perfect laboratory experiment, provides solutions to problems of the foundations of physics. Employing discrete-event simulation, we present a counterexample to John Bell’s remarkable “proof” that any theory of physics, which is both Einstein-local and “realistic” (counterfactually definite), results in a strong upper bound to the correlations that are being measured in Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiments. Our counterexample, which is free of the so-called detection-, coincidence-, memory-, and contextuality loophole, violates this upper bound and fully agrees with the predictions of quantum theory for Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm experiments
Environmental and financial life cycle assessment of ‘open-renovation-systems': methodology and case study

The emphasis in this research is on affordable and innovative semi-prefabricated ‘open-renovation-systems’ for extending residential buildings. Based on an existing LCA (life cycle assessment) and LCC (life cycle costing) methodology, two methodological issues in evaluating  renovation interventions are assessed: (1) the allocation  of the environmental impact of the existing structures and materials to the life cycle before and after renovation and (2) the energy calculation method. An existing semi-prefabricated ‘open-renovation-system’ for a rooftop extension is assessed both on element and building level from an environmental and financial life cycle perspective.status: publishe
Alternaria section Alternaria: Species, formae speciales or pathotypes?

AbstractThe cosmopolitan fungal genus Alternaria consists of multiple saprophytic and pathogenic species. Based on phylogenetic and morphological studies, the genus is currently divided into 26 sections. Alternaria sect. Alternaria contains most of the small-spored Alternaria species with concatenated conidia, including important plant, human and postharvest pathogens. Species within sect. Alternaria have been mostly described based on morphology and / or host-specificity, yet molecular variation between them is minimal. To investigate whether the described morphospecies within sect. Alternaria are supported by molecular data, whole-genome sequencing of nine Alternaria morphospecies supplemented with transcriptome sequencing of 12 Alternaria morphospecies as well as multi-gene sequencing of 168 Alternaria isolates was performed. The assembled genomes ranged in size from 33.3–35.2 Mb within sect. Alternaria and from 32.0–39.1 Mb for all Alternaria genomes. The number of repetitive sequences differed significantly between the different Alternaria genomes; ranging from 1.4–16.5 %. The repeat content within sect. Alternaria was relatively low with only 1.4–2.7 % of repeats. Whole-genome alignments revealed 96.7–98.2 % genome identity between sect. Alternaria isolates, compared to 85.1–89.3 % genome identity for isolates from other sections to the A. alternata reference genome. Similarly, 1.4–2.8 % and 0.8–1.8 % single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in genomic and transcriptomic sequences, respectively, between isolates from sect. Alternaria, while the percentage of SNPs found in isolates from different sections compared to the A. alternata reference genome was considerably higher; 8.0–10.3 % and 6.1–8.5 %. The topology of a phylogenetic tree based on the whole-genome and transcriptome reads was congruent with multi-gene phylogenies based on commonly used gene regions. Based on the genome and transcriptome data, a set of core proteins was extracted, and primers were designed on two gene regions with a relatively low degree of conservation within sect. Alternaria (96.8 and 97.3 % conservation). Their potential discriminatory power within sect. Alternaria was tested next to nine commonly used gene regions in sect. Alternaria, namely the SSU, LSU, ITS, gapdh, rpb2, tef1, Alt a 1, endoPG and OPA10-2 gene regions. The phylogenies from the two gene regions with a relatively low conservation, KOG1058 and KOG1077, could not distinguish the described morphospecies within sect. Alternaria more effectively than the phylogenies based on the commonly used gene regions for Alternaria. Based on genome and transcriptome comparisons and molecular phylogenies, Alternaria sect. Alternaria consists of only 11 phylogenetic species and one species complex. Thirty-five morphospecies, which cannot be distinguished based on the multi-gene phylogeny, are synonymised under A. alternata. By providing guidelines for the naming and identification of phylogenetic species in Alternaria sect. Alternaria, this manuscript provides a clear and stable species classification in this section
Constraints on the s−s¯ asymmetry of the proton in chiral effective theory

AbstractWe compute the s−s¯ asymmetry in the proton in chiral effective theory, using phenomenological constraints based upon existing data. Unlike previous meson cloud model calculations, which accounted for kaon loop contributions with on-shell intermediate states alone, this work includes off-shell terms and contact interactions, which impact the shape of the s−s¯ difference. We identify a valence-like component of s(x) which is balanced by a δ-function contribution to s¯(x) at x=0, so that the integrals of s and s¯ over the experimentally accessible region x>0 are not equal. Using a regularization procedure that preserves chiral symmetry and Lorentz invariance, we find that existing data limit the integrated value of the second moment of the asymmetry to the range −0.07×10−3≤〈x(s−s¯)〉≤1.12×10−3 at a scale of Q2=1 GeV2. This is too small to account for the NuTeV anomaly and of the wrong sign to enhance it
Morphology and morphometry of the human embryonic brain: A three-dimensional analysis

AbstractThe three-dimensional dynamics and morphology of the human embryonic brain have not been previously analyzed using modern imaging techniques. The morphogenesis of the cerebral vesicles and ventricles was analyzed using images derived from human embryo specimens from the Kyoto Collection, which were acquired with a magnetic resonance microscope equipped with a 2.35-T superconducting magnet. A total of 101 embryos between Carnegie stages (CS) 13 and 23, without apparent morphological damage or torsion in the brain ventricles and axes, were studied. To estimate the uneven development of the cerebral vesicles, the volumes of the whole embryo and brain, prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon with their respective ventricles were measured using image analyzing Amira™ software. The brain volume, excluding the ventricles (brain tissue), was 1.15±0.43mm3 (mean±SD) at CS13 and increased exponentially to 189.10±36.91mm3 at CS23, a 164.4-fold increase, which is consistent with the observed morphological changes. The mean volume of the prosencephalon was 0.26±0.15mm3 at CS13. The volume increased exponentially until CS23, when it reached 110.99±27.58mm3. The mean volumes of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon were 0.20±0.07mm3 and 0.69±0.23mm3 at CS13, respectively; the volumes reached 21.86±3.30mm3 and 56.45±7.64mm3 at CS23, respectively. The ratio of the cerebellum to the rhombencephalon was approximately 7.2% at CS20, and increased to 12.8% at CS23. The ratio of the volume of the cerebral vesicles to that of the whole embryo remained nearly constant between CS15 and CS23 (11.6–15.5%). The non-uniform thickness of the brain tissue during development, which may indicate the differentiation of the brain, was visualized with surface color mapping by thickness. At CS23, the basal regions of the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon were thicker than the corresponding dorsal regions. The brain was further studied by the serial digital subtraction of layers of tissue from both the external and internal surfaces to visualize the core region (COR) of the thickening brain tissue. The COR, associated with the development of nuclei, became apparent after CS16; this was particularly visible in the prosencephalon. The anatomical positions of the COR were mostly consistent with the formation of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and pyramidal tract. This was confirmed through comparisons with serial histological sections of the human embryonic brain. The approach used in this study may be suitable as a convenient alternative method for estimating the development and differentiation of the neural ganglia and tracts. These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain and cerebral ventricle development
Gröbner bases of syzygies and Stanley depth

AbstractLet F• be any free resolution of a finitely generated Zn-graded module over the polynomial ring K[x1,…,xn]. We show that for a suitable term order on F•, then for 0⩽p<n the initial module of the p+1'th syzygy module Zp⊆Fp is generated by terms miei where the mi are monomials in K[xp+1,…,xn]. Also for a large class of free resolutions F•, encompassing Eliahou–Kervaire resolutions, we show that a Gröbner basis for Zp is given by the boundaries of generators of Fp+1.We apply the above to give lower bounds for the Stanley depth of the p+1'th syzygy module Zp, in particular showing it is greater or equal to p+1. We also show that if I is any squarefree ideal in K[x1,…,xn], the Stanley depth of I is at least of order 2n
N=8 non-linear supersymmetric mechanics

AbstractWe construct a new two-dimensional N=8 supersymmetric mechanics with non-linear chiral supermultiplet. Being intrinsically non-linear this multiplet describes 2 physical bosonic and 8 fermionic degrees of freedom. We construct the most general superfield action of the sigma-model type and propose its simplest extension by a Fayet–Iliopoulos term. The most interesting property of the constructed system is a new type of geometry in the bosonic subsector, which is different from the special Kähler one characterizing the case of the linear chiral N=8 supermultiplet
Inner products involving q-differences: the little q-Laguerre–Sobolev polynomials

AbstractIn this paper, polynomials which are orthogonal with respect to the inner product〈p,r〉S=∑k=0∞p(qk)r(qk)(aq)k(aq;q)∞(q;q)k+λ∑k=0∞(Dqp)(qk)(Dqr)(qk)(aq)k(aq;q)∞(q;q)k,where Dq is the q-difference operator, λ⩾0,0<q<1 and 0<aq<1 are studied. For these polynomials, algebraic properties and q-difference equations are obtained as well as their relation with the monic little q-Laguerre polynomials. Some properties about the zeros of these polynomials are also deduced. Finally, the relative asymptotics {Qn(x)/pn(x;a|q)}n on compact subsets of C⧹[0,1] is given, where Qn(x) is the nth degree monic orthogonal polynomial with respect to the above inner product and pn(x;a|q) denotes the monic little q-Laguerre polynomial of degree n
Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Is Dictated by Distinct Actions of Nuclear Receptor Corepressors and Histone Deacetylases

SummarySignaling factors including retinoic acid (RA) and thyroid hormone (T3) promote neuronal, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte differentiation of cortical neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the functional specificity of transcriptional repressor checkpoints controlling these differentiation programs remains unclear. Here, we show by genome-wide analysis that histone deacetylase (HDAC)2 and HDAC3 show overlapping and distinct promoter occupancy at neuronal and oligodendrocyte-related genes in NSCs. The absence of HDAC3, but not HDAC2, initiated a neuronal differentiation pathway in NSCs. The ablation of the corepressor NCOR or HDAC2, in conjunction with T3 treatment, resulted in increased expression of oligodendrocyte genes, revealing a direct HDAC2-mediated repression of Sox8 and Sox10 expression. Interestingly, Sox10 was required also for maintaining the more differentiated state by repression of stem cell programming factors such as Sox2 and Sox9. Distinct and nonredundant actions of NCORs and HDACs are thus critical for control of lineage progression and differentiation programs in neural progenitors
microRNAs in colon cancer: A roadmap for discovery

AbstractCancer omics data are exponentially created and associated with clinical variables, and important findings can be extracted based on bioinformatics approaches which can then be experimentally validated. Many of these findings are related to a specific class of non-coding RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs) (post-transcriptional regulators of mRNA expression). The related research field is quite heterogeneous and bioinformaticians, clinicians, statisticians and biologists, as well as data miners and engineers collaborate to cure stored data and on new impulses coming from the output of the latest Next Generation Sequencing technologies.Here we review the main research findings on miRNA of the first 10years in colon cancer research with an emphasis on possible uses in clinical practice. This review intends to provide a road map in the jungle of publications of miRNA in colorectal cancer, focusing on data availability and new ways to generate biologically relevant information out of these huge amounts of data
Annihilation rates of heavy 1−− S-wave quarkonia in Salpeter method

AbstractAnnihilation rates of vector 1−− charmonium and bottomonium S13 states V→e+e− and V→3γ, V→γgg and V→3g are estimated in the relativistic Salpeter method. In our calculations, special attention is paid to the relativistic correction, which is important and cannot be ignored for excited 2S, 3S and higher excited states. We obtain Γ(J/ψ→3γ)=6.8×10−4 keV, Γ(ψ(2S)→3γ)=2.5×10−4 keV, Γ(ψ(3S)→3γ)=1.7×10−4 keV, Γ(ϒ(1S)→3γ)=1.5×10−5 keV, Γ(ϒ(2S)→3γ)=5.7×10−6 keV, Γ(ϒ(3S)→3γ)=3.5×10−6 keV and Γ(ϒ(4S)→3γ)=2.6×10−6 keV