pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Wγ and Zγ production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA measurement of Wγ and Zγ production in proton–proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV is presented. Results are based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. The electron and muon decay channels of the W and Z are used. The total cross sections are measured for photon transverse energy Eγ T > 10 GeV and spatial separation from charged leptons in the plane of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle  ΔR(ℓ,γ) > 0.7, and with an additional dilepton invariant mass requirement of Mℓℓ > 50 GeV for the Zγ process. The following cross section times branching fraction values are found: σ(pp→Wγ + X) × B(W→ℓν) = 56.3 ± 5.0(stat.) ± 5.0(syst.)±2.3(lumi.) pb and σ(pp→Zγ + X)×B(Z→ℓℓ) = 9.4±1.0(stat.)±0.6(syst.)±0.4(lumi.) pb. These measurements are in agreement with standard model predictions. The first limits on anomalous WWγ, ZZγ, and Zγγ trilinear gauge couplings at √ s =7 TeV are setWe wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes, and acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA
An exhaustive symmetry approach to structure determination: phase transitions in Bi2Sn2O7

B.J.C. would like to acknowledge the US-UK Fulbright commission for a research fellowship and the University of Durham for hosting his research leave. J.W.L. would like to thank the EPSRC for a Ph.D. scholarship.The exploitable properties of many materials are intimately linked to symmetry-lowering structural phase transitions. We present an automated and exhaustive symmetry-mode method for systematically exploring and solving such structures which will be widely applicable to a range of functional materials. We exemplify the method with an investigation of the Bi2Sn2O7 pyrochlore, which has been shown to undergo transitions from a parent γ cubic phase to β and α structures on cooling. The results include the first reliable structural model for β-Bi2Sn2O7 (orthorhombic Aba2, a = 7.571833(8), b = 21.41262(2), and c = 15.132459(14) Å) and a much simpler description of α-Bi2Sn2O7 (monoclinic Cc, a = 13.15493(6), b = 7.54118(4), and c = 15.07672(7) Å, β = 125.0120(3)°) than has been presented previously. We use the symmetry-mode basis to describe the phase transition in terms of coupled rotations of the Bi2O′ anti-cristobalite framework, which allow Bi atoms to adopt low-symmetry coordination environments favored by lone-pair cations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Heavy-tailed random walks on complexes of half-lines

We study a random walk on a complex of finitely many half-lines joined at a
common origin; jumps are heavy-tailed and of two types, either one-sided
(towards the origin) or two-sided (symmetric). Transmission between half-lines
via the origin is governed by an irreducible Markov transition matrix, with
associated stationary distribution $\mu_k$. If $\chi_k$ is $1$ for one-sided
half-lines $k$ and $1/2$ for two-sided half-lines, and $\alpha_k$ is the tail
exponent of the jumps on half-line $k$, we show that the recurrence
classification for the case where all $\alpha_k \chi_k \in (0,1)$ is determined
by the sign of $\sum_k \mu_k \cot ( \chi_k \pi \alpha_k )$. In the case of two
half-lines, the model fits naturally on $\mathbb{R}$ and is a version of the
oscillating random walk of Kemperman. In that case, the cotangent criterion for
recurrence becomes linear in $\alpha_1$ and $\alpha_2$; our general setting
exhibits the essential non-linearity in the cotangent criterion. For the
general model, we also show existence and non-existence of polynomial moments
of return times. Our moments results are sharp (and new) for several cases of
the oscillating random walk; they are apparently even new for the case of a
homogeneous random walk on $\mathbb{R}$ with symmetric increments of tail
exponent $\alpha \in (1,2)$.Comment: 35 pages, 2 figure
Search for electroweak production of charginos in final states with two
  tau leptons in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the electroweak production of
supersymmetric particles in pp collisions in final states with two tau leptons.
The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity between 18.1 inverse
femtobarns and 19.6 inverse femtobarns depending on the final state of tau
lepton decays, at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC.
The observed event yields in the signal regions are consistent with the
expected standard model backgrounds. The results are interpreted using
simplified models describing the pair production and decays of charginos or tau
sleptons. For models describing the pair production of the lightest chargino,
exclusion limits are obtained in the plane of chargino mass vs. neutralino mass
under the following assumptions: the chargino decays into third-generation
sleptons, which are taken as the lightest sleptons, and the slepton masses lie
midway between those of the chargino and the neutralino. Chargino masses below
420 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level in the limit of a massless
neutralino, and for neutralino masses up to 100 GeV, chargino masses up to 325
GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. Constraints are also placed on the
cross section for pair production of tau sleptons as a function of mass,
assuming a massless neutralino.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-14-022/index.htm
Role of Polysaccharides in Food, Digestion and Health.

Polysaccharides derived from plant foods are major components of the human diet, with limited contributions of related components from fungal and algal sources. In particular, starch and other storage carbohydrates are the major sources of energy in all diets, while cell wall polysaccharides are the major components of dietary fibre. We review the role of these components in the human diet, including their structure and distribution, their modification during food processing and effects on functional properties, their behaviour in the gastro-intestinal tract and their contribution to healthy diets
Using DNA profiling to investigate human-mediated translocations of invasive species

The reconstruction of invasion history is the goal or foundation of many investigations of biological invasions. This study applies DNA profiling to investigate the sources and vectors of new propagules, to detect illegal human-mediated translocations and to improve the management of invasions, by identifying invasion pathways that can be targeted for more stringent control. We use the European invasion of the American Eastern grey squirrel as a focal example. Many human-mediated translocations of this species have occurred in Europe since the 19th century. We built a genotype database of 1421 individuals from 59 locations across Europe and one in the USA, with each individual genotyped at 12 highly polymorphic microsatellites. DNA from newly detected populations and individuals of unknown sources were compared with this database. Our results indicated illegal human-mediated translocations in Aberdeen, the Isle of Skye and Northumberland in the UK, and revealed precise details of illegal squirrel trade in Italy. We recommend that multi-locus genotype databases be set up for all major invasive species considered attractive or ornamental, as these are often subject to illegal translocations through human actions such as the pet trade
Transcriptional profiling identifies the lncRNA PVT1 as a novel rewgulator of the asthmatic phenotype in human airway smooth muscle

Background: The mechanism underlying non-severe and severe asthma remains unclear although it is commonly associated with increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be important in regulating healthy primary ASM cells whilst changed expression has been observed in CD8 T-cells from patients with severe asthma. Methods: Primary ASM cells were isolated from healthy individuals (n=9), patients classified as having non-severe asthma (n=9) or severe asthma (n=9). ASM cells were exposed to dexamethasone and fetal calf serum (FCS). mRNA and lncRNA expression was measured by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analysis was used to examine for relevant biological pathways. Finally, the lncRNA; Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation (PVT1) was inhibited by transfection of primary ASM cells with siRNAs, and the effect upon ASM cell phenotype was examined. Results: The mRNA expression profile was significantly different between patient groups following exposure to dexamethasone and FCS and these were associated with biological pathways that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma including cellular proliferation and pathways associated with glucocorticoid activity. We also observed a significant change in the expression of lncRNAs, yet only one (PVT1) is decreased in expression in the corticosteroid sensitive non-severe asthmatics, and increased in expression in the corticosteroid-insensitive severe asthmatics. Subsequent targeting studies demonstrated the importance of this lncRNA in controlling both proliferation and IL-6 release in ASM cells from patients with severe asthma. Conclusions: lncRNAs are associated with the aberrant phenotype observed in ASM cells from patients with asthma. Targeting of PVT1 may be effective in reducing airway remodelling in asthma
An analysis of Chandra Deep follow-up gamma-ray bursts:Implications for Off-axis Jets

We present a sample of 27 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with detailed Swift light curves supplemented by late-time Chandra observations. To answer the missing jet-break problem in general, we develop a numerical-simulation-based model that can be directly fit to the data using Monte Carlo methods. Our numerical model takes into account all the factors that can shape a jet break: (i) lateral expansion, (ii) edge effects, and (iii) off-axis effects. Our results provide improved fits to the light curves and constraints on physical parameters. More importantly, our results suggest that off-axis effects are important and must be included in interpretations of GRB jet breaks
Construction of a test facility for demonstration of a liquid leadbismuth-cooled 10kW thermal receiver in a solar furnace arrangement - SOMMER

Liquid metals have been proposed in the past as high temperature heat transfer media in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Until the mid 80s test facilities were operated with liquid sodium-cooled central receivers. After a period of reduced interest in that approach, several new efforts have been reported recently, particularly from the US, South Africa and Australia. In addition, several recent publications have highlighted the attractive properties of liquid metals for CSP applications. A newcontribution to this  topic has been launched by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Solar Institute of the German\ud
Aerospace Center (DLR), combining their experience in CSP and liquid metal technology. The overall goals of this project are planning, design, construction and operation of a small concentrating solar power system in the 10 kW thermal range (named SOMMER) using liquid metal as heat transfer fluid for re-gaining operation experience and validating design methodology and providing a complete design concept for a large pilot CSP plant based on liquid metal technology, up to evaluation of O&M cost and levelized cost of electricity. This paper describes the current status of the work on the design and setup of SOMMER, the research goals of this facility, first results of numerical activities in view of the liquid metal cooled receiver design and the connection to the design activities for the pilot plant
Enhanced Quantification for 3D SEM-EDS: Using the full set of available X-ray lines

An enhanced method to quantify energy dispersive spectra recorded in 3D with a scanning electron microscope (3D SEM-EDS) has been previously demonstrated. This paper presents an extension of this method using all the available X-ray lines generated by the beam. The extended method benefits from using high energy lines, that are more accurately quantified, and from using soft X-rays that are highly absorbed and thus more surface sensitive. The data used to assess the method are acquired with a dual beam FIB/SEM investigating a multi-element Ni-based superalloy. A high accelerating voltage, needed to excite the highest energy X-ray line, results in two available X-ray lines for several elements. The method shows an improved compositional quantification as well as an improved spatial resolution.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.10.01
Myeloid growth factors promote resistance to mycobacterial infection by forestalling granuloma necrosis through macrophage replenishment

The mycobacterial ESX-1 virulence locus accelerates macrophage recruitment to the tuberculous granuloma as it is forming. The newly recruited macrophages phagocytose previously infected macrophages that have undergone apoptosis and thereby provide new bacterial growth niches. Thus, a mycobacterium-driven increase in macrophage demand promotes intracellular bacterial growth in the early granuloma. Granuloma macrophages can then undergo necrosis, releasing the bacteria into the extracellular milieu and potentiating mycobacterial growth yet further. Here, we find that global macrophage deficits can accelerate granuloma necrosis. Reduction in the macrophage supply below a critical threshold prevents granuloma macrophage replenishment to the point where apoptotic macrophages, failing to get engulfed, undergo necrosis. Thus, a reduced macrophage supply can promote extracellular bacterial growth in the granuloma. These findings may explain the susceptibility of humans with mononuclear cytopenias to mycobacterial infections. Conversely, increasing macrophage supply delays granuloma necrosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of myeloid growth factors in tuberculosis.This work was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (T32-AI055396, A.J.P.; A154503 and A136396, L.R.) and the National Health and Medical Research Council (637394, 1044754, and 1069284, G.J.L.), a post-doctoral fellowship from the Taiwan National Science Council (NSC97-2917-I-564-109, C-T.Y.), and an Australian Postgraduate Award and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research Edith Moffatt Scholarship (F.E.). The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is supported by funds from the State Government of Victoria and the Australian Federal Government. L.R. is a recipient of the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award and a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellowship.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2015.06.00
Measurement of the hadronic activity in events with a Z and two jets and extraction of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z with two jets in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

The first measurement of the electroweak production cross section of a Z boson with two jets (Zjj) in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented, based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 5 fb[superscript −1]. The cross section is measured for the ℓℓjj (ℓ = e, μ) final state in the kinematic region m [subscript ℓℓ] > 50 GeV, m [subscript jj] > 120 GeV, transverse momenta p[j over T] > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity |η [superscript j]| < 4.0. The measurement, combining the muon and electron channels, yields σ = 154 ± 24 (stat.) ± 46 (exp. syst.) ± 27 (th. syst.) ± 3 (lum.) fb, in agreement with the theoretical cross section. The hadronic activity, in the rapidity interval between the jets, is also measured. These results establish an important foundation for the more general study of vector boson fusion processes, of relevance for Higgs boson searches and for measurements of electroweak gauge couplings and vector boson scattering.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
The C-Terminal Domain of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5 Promotes Start Codon Recognition by Its Dynamic Interplay with eIF1 and eIF2β

Recognition of the proper start codon on mRNAs is essential for protein synthesis, which requires scanning and involves eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2, and eIF5. The carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of eIF5 stimulates 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly; however, its precise role in scanning and start codon selection has remained unknown. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we identified the binding sites of eIF1 and eIF2β on eIF5-CTD and found that they partially overlapped. Mutating select eIF5 residues in the common interface specifically disrupts interaction with both factors. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that these eIF5-CTD mutations impair start codon recognition and impede eIF1 release from the PIC by abrogating eIF5-CTD binding to eIF2β. This study provides mechanistic insight into the role of eIF5-CTD's dynamic interplay with eIF1 and eIF2β in switching PICs from an open to a closed state at start codons.United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Science (United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886
Infodemiological data of Ironman Triathlon in the study period 2004-2013

This article reports data concerning the Internet-related activities and interest for Ironman Triathlon competition. Google Trends (GT) was used and mined from 2004 onwards. The interest for Ironman Triathlon was found to be cyclic over time. The Triathlon-related Internet activities negatively correlated with the number of finishers per year (Pearson׳s correlation r=-0.690, p-value<0.05), while an increasing participation of female athletes who were less likely to surf the Internet could be noticed (r=-0.811, p-value<0.05). Further, younger athletes, who were more likely to access the web, were underrepresented in the Ironman Triathlon event. Moreover, there was a correlation between the biking time and the Internet query volumes (r=0.590, p-value<0.05), and, in particular, for the male athletes (r=0.664, p-value<0.05). Finally, the countries which most contributed to the Internet query volumes were those with the highest number of medals
Searches for large-scale anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays detected above energy of '10 POT. 19' eV at the Pierre Auger observatory and the telescope array

Spherical harmonic moments are well-suited for capturing anisotropy at any scale in the flux of cosmic rays. An unambiguous measurement of the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients requires full-sky coverage. This can be achieved by combining data from observatories located in both the northern and southern hemispheres. To this end, a joint analysis using data recorded at the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory above '10 POT. 19' eV is presented in this work. The resulting multipolar expansion of the flux of cosmic rays allows us to perform a series of anisotropy searches, and in particular to report on the angular power spectrum of cosmic rays above '10 POT. 19' eV. No significant deviation from isotropic expectations is found throughout the analyses performed. Upper limits on the amplitudes of the dipole and quadrupole moments are derived as a function of the direction in the sky, varying between 7% and 13% for the dipole and between 7% and 10% for a symmetric quadrupole.CNPqFINEPFAPERJFAPESP (10/07359-6; 99/05404-3)MCTentre outra
Measurement of differential and integrated fiducial cross sections for Higgs boson production in the four-lepton decay channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

Integrated fiducial cross sections for the production of four leptons via the H to 4l decays (l = e, mu) are measured in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV. Measurements are performed with data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 inverse femtobarns at 7 TeV, and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. Differential cross sections are measured using the 8 TeV data, and are determined as functions of the transverse momentum and rapidity of the four-lepton system, accompanying jet multiplicity, transverse momentum of the leading jet, and difference in rapidity between the Higgs boson candidate and the leading jet. A measurement of the Z to 4l cross section, and its ratio to the H to 4l cross section is also performed. All cross sections are measured within a fiducial phase space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology. The integrated H to 4l fiducial cross section is measured to be 0.56 +0.67-0.44 (stat) +0.21-0.06 (syst) fb at 7 TeV, and 1.11 +0.41-0.35 (stat) +0.14-0.10 (syst) fb at 8 TeV. The measurements are found to be compatible with theoretical calculations based on the standard model
The small group subtlety of using ICT for participatory governance : a South African experience

The greater number of government efforts to stimulate participative governance in communities using Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) often fall short of expectations. In South Africa extending egovernment
to communities has been in the form of more and/or better equipped ICT-enabled community
centres, called Thusong Service Centres. In this paper, based on action research experiences, we report outcomes
of interpretive research into ICT-enabled approaches to participative governance in communities.
Using the Diffusion of Innovations theory as an analytic lens, the findings reveal a subtlety that is not often
mentioned in the call for participative e-governance; people from communities prefer to work in groups
rather than individually. The collectiveness inclination is a common denominator of many developing countries
where people choose to come together to leverage the few available resources. Individuals become apprehensive
when made to work on their own using the ICT. The research reveals the necessity to re-design
ICT to suit small groups as part of participative e-governance rather than the normative ICT design that
suits individual work styles. Additionally, the research reveals that by working in groups, communities are
more willing to accept the government initiatives that are being energised with the use of ICT. Methodologically,
the research revealed the ethical issue that arises from action research in its raising of unrealistic expectations
in a community.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/govin