pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The complete O(αs2) non-singlet heavy flavor corrections to the structure functions g1,2ep(x,Q2), F1,2,Lep(x,Q2), F1,2,3ν(ν¯)(x,Q2) and the associated sum rules

AbstractWe calculate analytically the flavor non-singlet O(αs2) massive Wilson coefficients for the inclusive neutral current non-singlet structure functions F1,2,Lep(x,Q2) and g1,2ep(x,Q2) and charged current non-singlet structure functions F1,2,3ν(ν¯)p(x,Q2), at general virtualities Q2 in the deep-inelastic region. Numerical results are presented. We illustrate the transition from low to large virtualities for these observables, which may be contrasted to basic assumptions made in the so-called variable flavor number scheme. We also derive the corresponding results for the Adler sum rule, the unpolarized and polarized Bjorken sum rules and the Gross–Llewellyn Smith sum rule. There are no logarithmic corrections at large scales Q2 and the effects of the power corrections due to the heavy quark mass are of the size of the known O(αs4) corrections in the case of the sum rules. The complete charm and bottom corrections are compared to the approach using asymptotic representations in the region Q2≫mc,b2. We also study the target mass corrections to the above sum rules
Representation theorems for quadratic F-consistent nonlinear expectations

AbstractIn this paper we extend the notion of “filtration-consistent nonlinear expectation” (or “F-consistent nonlinear expectation”) to the case when it is allowed to be dominated by a g-expectation that may have a quadratic growth. We show that for such a nonlinear expectation many fundamental properties of a martingale can still make sense, including the Doob–Meyer type decomposition theorem and the optional sampling theorem. More importantly, we show that any quadratic F-consistent nonlinear expectation with a certain domination property must be a quadratic g-expectation as was studied in [J. Ma, S. Yao, Quadratic g-evaluations and g-martingales, 2007, preprint]. The main contribution of this paper is the finding of a domination condition to replace the one used in all the previous works (e.g., [F. Coquet, Y. Hu, J. Mémin, S. Peng, Filtration-consistent nonlinear expectations and related g-expectations, Probab. Theory Related Fields 123 (1) (2002) 1–27; S. Peng, Nonlinear expectations, nonlinear evaluations and risk measures, in: Stochastic Methods in Finance, in: Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 1856, Springer, Berlin, 2004, pp. 165–253]), which is no longer valid in the quadratic case. We also show that the representation generator must be deterministic, continuous, and actually must be of the simple form g(z)=μ(1+|z|)|z|, for some constant μ>0
Tutte’s 5-flow conjecture for highly cyclically connected cubic graphs

AbstractIn 1954, Tutte conjectured that every bridgeless graph has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. Let ω(G) be the minimum number of odd cycles in a 2-factor of a bridgeless cubic graph G. Tutte’s conjecture is equivalent to its restriction to cubic graphs with ω≥2. We show that if a cubic graph G has no edge cut with fewer than 52ω(G)−3 edges that separates two odd cycles of a minimum 2-factor of G, then G has a nowhere-zero 5-flow. This implies that if a cubic graph G is cyclically n-edge connected and n≥52ω(G)−3, then G has a nowhere-zero 5-flow
ARTD1/PARP1 Negatively Regulates Glycolysis by Inhibiting Hexokinase 1 Independent of NAD+ Depletion

SummaryARTD1 (PARP1) is a key enzyme involved in DNA repair through the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) in response to strand breaks, and it plays an important role in cell death following excessive DNA damage. ARTD1-induced cell death is associated with NAD+ depletion and ATP loss; however, the molecular mechanism of ARTD1-mediated energy collapse remains elusive. Using real-time metabolic measurements, we compared the effects of ARTD1 activation and direct NAD+ depletion. We found that ARTD1-mediated PAR synthesis, but not direct NAD+ depletion, resulted in a block to glycolysis and ATP loss. We then established a proteomics-based PAR interactome after DNA damage and identified hexokinase 1 (HK1) as a PAR binding protein. HK1 activity is suppressed following nuclear ARTD1 activation and binding by PAR. These findings help explain how prolonged activation of ARTD1 triggers energy collapse and cell death, revealing insight into the importance of nucleus-to-mitochondria communication via ARTD1 activation
Maximal unramified 3-extensions of imaginary quadratic fields and SL2(Z3)

AbstractThe structure of the Galois group of the maximal unramified p-extension of an imaginary quadratic field is restricted in various ways. In this paper we construct a family of finite 3-groups satisfying these restrictions. We prove several results about this family and characterize them as finite extensions of certain quotients of a Sylow pro-3 subgroup of SL2(Z3). We verify that the first group in the family does indeed arise as such a Galois group and provide a small amount of evidence that this may hold for the other members. If this was the case then it would imply that there is no upper bound on the possible lengths of a finite p-class tower
Drug-Eluting Balloons for the Treatment of the Superficial Femoral Artery In-Stent Restenosis 2-Year Follow-Up

ObjectivesThe aim of this prospective registry was to evaluate the safety and efficacy at 2-year follow-up of the use of drug-eluting balloons (DEBs) for the treatment of superficial femoral artery (SFA) in-stent restenosis (ISR).BackgroundThe use of DEBs for the treatment of SFA ISR is associated with a satisfactory primary patency rate at 1 year, but no data are available for longer follow-up. Unfortunately, when DEBs were used to treat SFA de novo lesions, the occurrence of restenosis increased by 50% between the first and the second years of follow-up.MethodsFrom December 2009 to December 2010, 39 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of SFA ISR at our institution (Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Italy). All patients underwent conventional SFA percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and final post-dilation with paclitaxel-eluting balloons (IN.PACT, Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota). Patients were evaluated for up to 24 months.ResultsDuring follow-up, 1 patient died of heart failure and another of sudden death, for a 2-years rate of cardiovascular mortality rate of 5.12 %. The primary patency rate at 2 years was 70.3% (11 of 37 patients experienced restenosis recurrence at 2-year follow-up). The treatment of complex ISR lesions (classes II and III) was associated with an increased rate of recurrent restenosis compared with class I (33.3 % and 36.3 % vs. 12.5%; p = 0.05).ConclusionsThe data suggest that adjunctive use of DEBs for the treatment of SFA ISR is a safe and effective therapeutic strategy up to 2 years of follow-up
Anisotropy of collagen fibre alignment in bovine cartilage: comparison of polarised light microscopy and spatially resolved diffusion-tensor measurements

SummaryObjectiveTo compare collagen fibre alignment angles obtained from polarised light microscopy (PLM) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) in bovine articular cartilage.MethodsFive samples of bovine articular cartilage from five different animals were studied using magnetic resonance imaging and PLM techniques. T2-weighted, diffusion-tensor (DT), and PLM images were acquired for each sample and average depth profiles of the PLM and DTI angles, as well as the banding patterns observed in T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, were compared. Statistical properties of the distributions of the DTI and PLM angles were examined.ResultsThe samples exhibited a range of alignment morphologies. In the samples with the “conventional” three-zone alignment pattern, a correlation between the PLM and DTI alignment zones and the banding in T2-weighted MR images was observed. The shapes of the depth profiles of the PLM and DTI alignment angles were qualitatively similar for each sample. Three samples showed good quantitative correlation between the DT and PLM alignment angles. The correlation between the diffusion and PLM alignment angles was best in the regions of low degree of disorder of fibre alignment.ConclusionsThis study provides the first quantitative comparison of DTI of cartilage with the more established PLM techniques. The correlation between alignment angles derived from PLM and DTI data was evident across a wide range of alignment morphologies. The results support the use of DTI for the quantitative measurement of collagen fibre alignment. The microscopic-scale (∼10μm) dispersion of fibre alignment angles appears to be an important factor for understanding the extent of quantitative correlation between PLM and DTI results
Cell Competition Modifies Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Population Dynamics in a JAK-STAT-Dependent Manner

SummaryThroughout their lifetime, cells may suffer insults that reduce their fitness and disrupt their function, and it is unclear how these potentially harmful cells are managed in adult tissues. We address this question using the adult Drosophila posterior midgut as a model of homeostatic tissue and ribosomal Minute mutations to reduce fitness in groups of cells. We take a quantitative approach combining lineage tracing and biophysical modeling and address how cell competition affects stem cell and tissue population dynamics. We show that healthy cells induce clonal extinction in weak tissues, targeting both stem and differentiated cells for elimination. We also find that competition induces stem cell proliferation and self-renewal in healthy tissue, promoting selective advantage and tissue colonization. Finally, we show that winner cell proliferation is fueled by the JAK-STAT ligand Unpaired-3, produced by Minute−/+ cells in response to chronic JNK stress signaling
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a New Measure for Children's Participation in Hand-Use Life Situations

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands, a parent-report questionnaire that assesses children's participation in life situations requiring hand use specifically, and to investigate its construct validity (using Rasch analysis and known-group comparison) and reliability (test-retest reliability and internal consistency).DesignCross-sectional, validation, and test-retest studies.SettingSchools.ParticipantsParents/caregivers (N=202) reported on their children aged 2 to 12 years with (n=97) and without disabilities (n=105).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureThe Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands was developed based on a content review of existing children's participation measures and literature, expert review, and pilot testing. The Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands included 37 items measuring participation diversity, frequency, independence, and desire for change in specific hand-use life situations across 4 domains of self-care, recreation, education, and domestic life and community.ResultsEvidence for construct validity of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands domains was established through Rasch analysis (after removing 2 misfitting items from the recreational domain and 1 item from the domestic life and community domain). Differences in summary scores of each domain between children with and without disabilities were also significant (P<.01). Test-retest reliability of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands was moderate to high (intraclass correlation coefficients, .69–.96), except for the desire for change dimension scale of the recreational domain (.40). Internal consistency was varied across the dimensions/domains.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity and reliability of the Children's Assessment of Participation with Hands that could be used in clinical and research settings to gain a specific understanding of the impact of children's hand-use difficulties on their participation in life situations requiring hand use
Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity by approximation

AbstractThe Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of a module gives a rough measure of its complexity. We bound the regularity of a module given a system of approximating modules whose regularities are known. Such approximations can arise naturally for modules constructed by inductive combinatorial means. We apply these methods to bound the regularity of ideals constructed as combinations of linear ideals and the module of derivations of a hyperplane arrangement as well as to give degree bounds for invariants of finite groups
Risk of depression and self-harm in teenagers identifying with goth subculture: a longitudinal cohort study

SummaryBackgroundPrevious research has suggested that deliberate self-harm is associated with contemporary goth subculture in young people; however, whether this association is confounded by characteristics of young people, their families, and their circumstances is unclear. We aimed to test whether self-identification as a goth is prospectively associated with emergence of clinical depression and self-harm in early adulthood.MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community-based birth cohort of 14 541 pregnant women with expected delivery between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. All children in the study were invited to attend yearly follow-up visits at the research clinic from age 7 years. At 15 years of age, participants reported the extent to which they self-identified as a goth. We assessed depressive mood and self-harm at 15 years with the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) questionnaire, and depression and self-harm at 18 years using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. We calculated the prospective association between goth identification at 15 years and depression and self-harm at 18 years using logistic regression analyses.FindingsOf 5357 participants who had data available for goth self-identification, 3694 individuals also had data for depression and self-harm outcomes at 18 years. 105 (6%) of 1841 adolescents who did not self-identify as goths met criteria for depression compared with 28 (18%) of 154 who identified as goths very much; for self-harm, the figures were 189 (10%) of 1841 versus 57 (37%) of 154. We noted a dose–response association with goth self-identification both for depression and for self-harm. Compared with young people who did not identify as a goth, those who somewhat identified as being a goth were 1·6 times more likely (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·63, 95% CI 1·14–2·34, p<0·001), and those who very much identified as being a goth were more than three times more likely (unadjusted OR 3·67, 2·33–4·79, p<0·001) to have scores in the clinical range for depression at 18 years; findings were similar for self-harm. Associations were not attenuated after adjustment for a range of individual, family, and social confounders.InterpretationOur findings suggest that young people identifying with goth subculture might be at an increased risk for depression and self-harm. Although our results suggest that some peer contagion operates within the goth community, our observational findings cannot be used to claim that becoming a goth increases risk of self-harm or depression. Working with young people in the goth community to identify those at increased risk of depression and self-harm and provide support might be effective.FundingWellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Programme
Project Management Office Models – A Review

AbstractOrganizations are facing competitive and globalized markets, as well as constant environmental changes that often require an organizational restructuring of the business models in order to boost performance. Project management practices can help to achieve strategic goals and increase value of projects in organizations. The Project Management Office (PMO) is an organizational structure created in order to promote and improve project management practice, by adopting appropriate methodologies to achieve high levels of efficiency and effectiveness. In recent years several models and functions of PMO have been proposed by many authors, varying from the PMO with a sole function of reporting project execution, to the one who participates in the definition of organizational strategies. The main purpose of this article is to present a review of the typologies of PMO. Since the importance of PMO is increasing in organizations, the results of this work are useful to provide guidance to organizations on implementing or restructuring their own PMO
Shell gaps and pn pairing interaction in N=Z nuclei

AbstractWe analyze the observed shell gaps in N=Z nuclei determined from the binding energy differences. It is found that the shell gaps can be described by the combined contributions from the single-particle level spacing, the like-nucleon pairing, and the proton–neutron pairing interaction. This conclusion is consistent with that of Chasman in [R.R. Chasman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 082501]. For the double-closed shell N=Z nuclei, the single-particle level spacings calculated with Woods–Saxon potential are very close to those obtained by subtracting the nn pairing interaction from the observed shell gap. For the sub-closed or non-closed shell N=Z nuclei, the pn pairing interaction is shown to be important for the observed shell gaps
Measurement of inclusive jet charged-particle fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of charged-particle fragmentation functions of jets produced in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions can provide insight into the modification of parton showers in the hot, dense medium created in the collisions. ATLAS has measured jets in √sNN=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC using a data set recorded in 2011 with an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb−1. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameter values R=0.2,0.3,and 0.4. Distributions of charged-particle transverse momentum and longitudinal momentum fraction are reported for seven bins in collision centrality for R=0.4 jets with pTjet>100 GeV. Commensurate minimum pT values are used for the other radii. Ratios of fragment distributions in each centrality bin to those measured in the most peripheral bin are presented. These ratios show a reduction of fragment yield in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions at intermediate z values, 0.04≲z≲0.2, and an enhancement in fragment yield for z≲0.04z≲0.04. A smaller, less significant enhancement is observed at large z and large pT in central collisions
The prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients, and their impact on health status and COPD symptoms in primary care patients: a protocol for an UNLOCK study from the IPCRG

[Abstract] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with high social and economic costs. The prevalence of COPD has been reported to vary between 6 and 26.1% worldwide.1 COPD has also been associated with a high prevalence of one or more comorbid conditions, which have an impact on health status and mortality.2–5 Although several diseases have been studied as COPD comorbidities6,7 few studies have looked at the issue of multimorbidity in COPD.8–10 COPD, like other chronic disorders, has been associated with comorbidities that increase in number and severity with age, and are more prevalent among deprived social groups.5,8 There is evidence that comorbidities increase the risk for exacerbations, reduce health status, and increase the risk of mortality.5,8 COPD guidelines (e.g., GOLD recommendations) still consider the diagnosis and management of comorbidities from an individual disease point of view.11 Consequently, health services focus on individual diseases rather than multimorbidity.10–13 A better knowledge of the prevalence and impact of multimorbidity facing COPD patients in primary care would help to evaluate whether a different approach (i.e., multimorbidity) should be taken. [...]The IPCRG provided funding for this research project as an UNLOCK Group study for which the funding was obtained through an unrestricted grant by Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland. Novartis has no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This study will include data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database, and is undertaken in collaboration with Optimum Patient Care and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group, which will provide the data for this initiative without charge to the UNLOCK Group.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Standardized F1 - A consistent measure of strength of modulation of visual responses to sine-wave drifting gratings

The magnitude of spike-responses of neurons in the mammalian visual system to sine-wave luminance-contrast-modulated drifting gratings is modulated by the temporal frequency of the stimulation. However, there are serious problems with consistency and reliability of the traditionally used methods of assessment of strength of such modulation. Here we propose an intuitive and simple tool for assessment of the strength of modulations in the form of standardized F1 index, zF1. We define zF1 as the ratio of the difference between the F1 (component of amplitude spectrum of the spike-response at temporal frequency of stimulation) and the mean value of spectrum amplitudes to standard deviation along all frequencies in the spectrum. In order to assess the validity of this measure, we have: (1) examined behavior of zF1 using spike-responses to optimized drifting gratings of single neurons recorded from four 'visual' structures (area V1 of primary visual cortex, superior colliculus, suprageniculate nucleus and caudate nucleus) in the brain of commonly used visual mammal - domestic cat; (2) compared the behavior of zF1 with that of classical statistics commonly employed in the analysis of steady-state responses; (3) tested the zF1 index on simulated spike-trains generated with threshold-linear model. Our analyses indicate that zF1 is resistant to distortions due to the low spike count in responses and therefore can be particularly useful in the case of recordings from neurons with low firing rates and/or low net mean responses. While most V1 and a half of caudate neurons exhibit high zF1 indices, the majorities of collicular and suprageniculate neurons exhibit low zF1 indices. We conclude that despite the general shortcomings of measuring strength of modulation inherent in the linear system approach, zF1 can serve as a sensitive and easy to interpret tool for detection of modulation and assessment of its strength in responses of visual neurons. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd