pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
What doesn't kill me...: adversity-related experiences are vital in the development of superior Olympic performance

This is the accepted version of a paper subsequently published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport [Elsevier / © Sports Medicine Australia]. The definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.010Objectives: Recent research suggests that experiencing some adversity can have beneficial outcomes for\ud
human growth and development. The purpose of this paper was to explore the adversities that the\ud
world’s best athletes encounter and the perceived role that these experiences play in their psychological\ud
and performance development.\ud
Design: A qualitative design was employed because detailed information of rich quality was required to\ud
better understand adversity-related experiences in the world’s best athletes.\ud
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Olympic gold medalists from a variety of\ud
sports. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.\ud
Results: The findings indicate that the participants encountered a range of sport- and non-sport adversities\ud
that they considered were essential for winning their gold medals, including repeated non-selection, significant\ud
sporting failure, serious injury, political unrest, and the death of a family member. The participants\ud
described the role that these experiences played in their psychological and performance development,\ud
specifically focusing on their resultant trauma, motivation, and learning.\ud
Conclusions: Adversity-related experiences were deemed to be vital in the psychological and performance\ud
development of Olympic champions. In the future, researchers should conduct more in-depth comparative\ud
studies of Olympic athletes’ adversity- and growth-related experiences, and draw on existing and\ud
alternative theoretical explanations of the growth–performance relationship. For professional practitioners,\ud
adversity-related experiences offer potential developmental opportunities if they are carefully and\ud
purposely harnessed
A review on micro-manufacturing, microforming and their key issues

Micro-manufacturing has received good attention globally in terms of its manufacturing methods/processes. One of the most popular micro-manufacturing processes is micro-forming. Many efforts have been focused on micro-forming, mainly on the micro-stamping process due to the process itself contributing numerous products, especially in its conventional macro-process. Most every-day products are made by this process. Although there were efforts made to realize micro-forming for industrial application, the technology itself was seen as being insufficiently mature. Much development work needed to be done, specifically to develop a fully-automated high-volume production micro-forming machine, which is reliable and at all times ready for operation in terms of it processes, tooling, and material-handling to ensure the successful production of micro-products. The paper addresses key issues encountered by researchers worldwide on both micro-manufacturing, specifically micro-forming
Measurement of total and differential $W^+W^-$ production cross sections
  in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and
  limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings

The production of $W$ boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$
8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated
luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron
Collider. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decays into
electrons or muons and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not
included in the candidate event sample. A total of 6636 $WW$ candidate events
are observed. Measurements are performed in fiducial regions closely
approximating the detector acceptance. The integrated measurement is corrected
for all acceptance effects and for the $W$ branching fractions to leptons in
order to obtain the total $WW$ production cross section, which is found to be
71.1$\pm1.1$(stat)$^{+5.7}_{-5.0}$(syst)$\pm1.4$ pb. This agrees with the
next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of
63.2$^{+1.6}_{-1.4}$(scale)$\pm1.2$(PDF) pb. Fiducial differential cross
sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables. The
distribution of the transverse momentum of the leading lepton is used to set
limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings.Comment: 61 pages plus author list (78 pages total), 16 figures, 36 tables,
  published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2013-07
Search for TeV-scale gravity signatures in high-mass final states with
  leptons and jets with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

A search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in final states with at least
one high transverse momentum charged lepton (electron or muon) and two
additional high transverse momentum leptons or jets, is performed using 3.2
fb$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at
the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The upper end of the
distribution of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of leptons and jets is
sensitive to the production of high-mass objects. No excess of events beyond
Standard Model predictions is observed. Exclusion limits are set for models of
microscopic black holes with two to six extra dimensions.Comment: 12 pages plus author list + cover pages (30 pages total), 3 figures,
  2 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2015-14
Modeling the shock-cloud interaction in SN 1006: unveiling the origin of
  nonthermal X-ray and gamma-ray emission

The supernova remnant SN 1006 is a source of high-energy particles and its
southwestern limb is interacting with a dense ambient cloud, thus being a
promising region for gamma-ray hadronic emission. We aim at describing the
physics and the nonthermal emission associated with the shock-cloud interaction
to derive the physical parameters of the cloud (poorly constrained by the data
analysis), to ascertain the origin of the observed spatial variations in the
spectral properties of the X-ray synchrotron emission, and to predict spectral
and morphological features of the resulting gamma-ray emission. We performed
3-D magnetohydrodynamic simulations modeling the evolution of SN 1006 and its
interaction with the ambient cloud, and explored different model setups. By
applying the REMLIGHT code on the model results, we synthesized the synchrotron
X-ray emission, and compared it with actual observations, to constrain the
parameters of the model. We also synthesized the leptonic and hadronic
gamma-ray emission from the models, deriving constraints on the energy content
of the hadrons accelerated at the southwestern limb. We found that the impact
of the SN 1006 shock front with a uniform cloud with density 0.5 cm^-3 can
explain the observed morphology, the azimuthal variations of the cutoff
frequency of the X-ray synchrotron emission, and the shock proper motion in the
interaction region. Our results show that the current upper limit for the total
hadronic energy in the southwestern limb is 2.5e49 erg.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Electron-positron pair production in ion collisions at low velocity
  beyond Born approximation

We derive the spectrum and the total cross section of electromagnetic
$e^{+}e^{-}$ pair production in the collisions of two nuclei at low relative
velocity $\beta$. Both free-free and bound-free $e^{+}e^{-}$ pair production is
considered. The parameters $\eta_{A,B}=Z_{A,B}\alpha$ are assumed to be small
compared to unity but arbitrary compared to $\beta$ ($Z_{A,B}$ are the charge
numbers of the nuclei and $\alpha$ is the fine structure constant). Due to a
suppression of the Born term by high power of $\beta$, the first Coulomb
correction to the amplitude appears to be important at $\eta_{A,B}\gtrsim
\beta$. The effect of a finite nuclear mass is discussed. In contrast to the
result obtained in the infinite nuclear mass limit, the terms $\propto M^{-2}$
are not suppressed by the high power of $\beta$ and may easily dominate at
sufficiently small velocities.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Local relevance evaluation in the accreditation bodies for engineering masters programs

Accreditation models in the international context mainly consider the evaluation of learning outcomes and the ability of programs (or higher education institutions) to achieve the educational objectives stated in their mission. However, it is not clear if these objectives and therefore their outcomes satisfy real national and regional needs, a critical point in engineering master's programs, especially in developing countries. The aim of this paper is to study the importance of the local relevancy evaluation of these programs and to analyze the main models of quality assurance and accreditation bodies of USA, Europe and Latin America, in order to ascertain whether the relevancy is evaluated or not. After a literature review, we found that in a free-market economic context and international education, the accreditation of master's programs follows an international accreditation model, and doesńt take in account in most cases criteria and indicators for local relevancy. It concludes that it is necessary both, international accreditation to ensure the effectiveness of the program (achievement of learning outcomes) and the national accreditation through which it could ensure local relevancy of programs, for which we are giving some indicators
GU Monocerotis: A high-mass eclipsing overcontact binary in the young open cluster Dolidze 25

Context. The eclipsing binary GU Mon is located in the star-forming cluster Dolidze 25, which has the lowest metallicity measured in a Milky Way young cluster. Aims. GU Mon has been identified as a short-period eclipsing binary with two early B-type components. We set out to derive its orbital and stellar parameters. Methods. We present a comprehensive analysis, including B and V light curves and 11 high-resolution spectra, to verify the orbital period and determine parameters. We used the stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND to obtain stellar parameters and create templates for cross-correlation. We obtained a model to fit the light and radial-velocity curves using the Wilson-Devinney code iteratively and simultaneously. Results. The two components of GU Mon are identical stars of spectral type B1 V with the same mass and temperature. The light curves are typical of an EW-type binary. The spectroscopic and photometric analyses agree on a period of 0.896640 ± 0.000007 d. We determine a mass of 9.0 ± 0.6 M⊙ for each component and for temperatures of 28 000 ± 2000 K. Both values are consistent with the spectral type. The two stars are overfilling their respective Roche lobes, sharing a common envelope and, therefore the orbit is synchronised and circularised. Conclusions. The GU Mon system has a fill-out factor above 0.8, containing two dwarf B-type stars on the main sequence. The two stars are in a very advanced stage of interaction, with their extreme physical similarity likely due to the common envelope. The expected evolution of such a system very probably leads to a merger while still on the main sequence.This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under grants AYA2012-39364-C02-01/02 and AYA2015-68012-C2-1/2, and the European Union
Effective use of ground source heat pump system in traditional Japanese 'Kyo-machiya' Residences in Winter

Today, promoting the use of abundant renewable energy such as underground heat has become imperative. The preservation of the traditional wooden dwellings unique to Kyoto called Kyo-machiya has recently become a priority policy in Kyoto. However, owing to the poor airtightness and thermal insulation of Kyo-machiya, these dwellings require considerable energy to heat during winter. However, most Kyo-machiya are equipped with a well, and this study employs experiment and analysis to examine the practicablity of installing simple ground-sourced heat pump systems in the existing wells of Kyo-machiya. The efficient operation of the heat pump system is also investigated
Fractional Adams–Moser–Trudinger type inequalities

Extending several works, we prove a general Adams Moser Trudinger type inequality for the embedding of Bessel-potential spaces (r2) into Orlicz spaces for an arbitrary domain,r2 with finite measure. In particular we prove\ud
\ud
sup (u is an element of Hn/p,p (Omega), parallel to(-Delta)n/2p u parallel to LP(Omega)<= 1) integral Omega (E alpha n,p broken vertical bar u broken vertical bar p/p-1dx <= Cn,p broken vertical bar Omega broken vertical bar,)\ud
\ud
for a positive constant amp whose sharpness we also prove. We further extend this result to the case of Lorentz-spaces (i.e. (-Delta) u is an element of L-(P,L-q)). The proofs are simple, as they use Green functions for fractional Laplace operators and suitable cut-off procedures to reduce the fractional results to the sharp estimate on the Riesz potential proven by Adams and its generalization proven by Xiao and Zhai. We also discuss an application to the problem of prescribing the Q-curvature and some open problems
Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of two-phase multi-component flows of CO₂ mixtures in pipes

<p>In this thesis, the modelling of one-dimensional two-phase flows is studied, as well as the associated numerical methods. The background for this study is the need for numerical tools to simulate fast transients in pressurised carbon dioxide pipelines, amongst other things the crack arrest problem. This is a coupled mechanical and fluid-dynamical problem, where the pressurised gas causes a crack to propagate along the pipe, while being depressurised to the atmosphere. The crack stops when the pressure at the crack tip cannot drive it any longer.</p><p>Two-phase flow models were derived from the fundamental local conservation laws for mass, momentum and total energy. Through averaging of these relations, a system of one-dimensional transport equations was obtained, that must be closed by physical models and assumptions. The underlying assumptions made in some of the classical models of the literature are made clear. The numerical methods to solve hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the Finite Volume Method, are subsequently presented.</p><p>A partially-analytical Roe scheme for the N-phase drift-flux model has been derived. The wave structure of the model is presented. It is mostly analytical, except for some thermodynamical parameters. This makes the scheme very flexible with respect to the thermodynamical relations. An algorithm to resolve the thermodynamical state of a mixture of N phases following the stiffened gas equation of state is derived.</p><p>A Roe scheme for the six-equation two-fluid model has been derived. This model needs to be regularised to be hyperbolic. A tool to verify the physical relevance of a regularisation term is provided.</p><p>The instantaneous chemical relaxation is performed on a five-equation two-fluid model to derive a four-equation model, where the phases are in full mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium at all times.</p><p>An application example of numerical methods to solve the crack arrest problem is presented. A method is developed to evaluate the flow through a crack, and compared in the single-phase case to an analytical method.</p>PhD i energi- og prosessteknikkPhD in Energy and Process Engineerin
Gamma Rays from Type Ia Supernova SN 2014J

International audienceThe whole set of INTEGRAL observations of Type Ia supernova SN 2014J, covering the period 19–162 days after the explosion, has been analyzed. For spectral fitting the data are split into early and late periods covering days 19–35 and 50–162, respectively, optimized for 56 Ni and 56 Co lines. As expected for the early period, much of the gamma-ray signal is confined to energies below ∼200 keV, while for the late period it is strongest above 400 keV. In particular, in the late period, 56 Co lines at 847 and 1248 keV are detected at 4.7σ and 4.3σ, respectively. The light curves in several representative energy bands are calculated for the entire period. The resulting spectra and light curves are compared with a subset of models. We confirm our previous finding that the gamma-ray data are broadly consistent with the expectations for canonical one-dimensional models, such as delayed detonation or deflagration models for a near-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. Late optical spectra (day 136 after the explosion) show rather symmetric Co and Fe line profiles, suggesting that, unless the viewing angle is special, the distribution of radioactive elements is symmetric in the ejecta
Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of root s=7 TeV

The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions, with at least one prompt long-lived charged particle of transverse momentum P-T > 0.2GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 < eta < 4.5, is measured by the 1:11Cb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV. The cross-section in this kinematic range is determined to be sigma(accc)(inel) = 55.0 +/- 2.4 nib with an experimental uncertainty that is dominated by systematic contributions. Extrapolation to the full phase space, using PYTHIA 6, yields sigma(inel) = 66.9 +/- 2.9 +/- 4.4 nib, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is due to the extrapolation
Tracer diffusion of hard-sphere binary mixtures under nano-confinement

The physics of diffusion phenomena in nano- and microchannels has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, due to its close connection with many technological, medical, and industrial appli- cations. In the present paper, we employ a kinetic approach to investigate how the confinement in nanostructured geometries affects the diffusive properties of fluid mixtures and leads to the appearance of properties different from those of bulk systems. In particular, we derive an expression for the friction tensor in the case of a bulk fluid mixture confined to a narrow slit having undulated walls. The boundary roughness leads to a new mechanism for transverse diffusion and can even lead to an effective diffusion along the channel larger than the one corresponding to a planar channel of equivalent section. Finally, we discuss a reduction of the previous equation to a one dimensional effective diffusion equation in which an entropic term encapsulates the geometrical information on the channel shape
Assessing negative cognitive style : development and validation of a short-form version of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire.

The Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) is a frequently employed measure of negative cognitive style, associated with vulnerability to anxiety and depression. However, the CSQ’s length can limit its utility in research. We describe the development of a Short-Form version of the CSQ. After evaluation and modification of two pilot versions, the 8-item CSQ Short Form (CSQ-SF) was administered to a convenience sample of adults (N = 278). The CSQ-SF was found to have satisfactory internal reliability and test–retest reliability. It also exhibited construct validity by demonstrating predicted correlations with measures of depression and anxiety. Results suggest that the CSQ-SF is suitable for administration via the Internet.\ud
\u
Renormalons and multi-loop estimates in scalar correlators, Higgs decay and quark-mass sum rules.

The single renormalon-chain contribution to the correlator of scalar currents in QCD is calculated in the -scheme in the limit of a large number of fermions, Nf. At n-loop order we find that in the -scheme the factorial growth of the perturbative coefficients due to renormalons takes over almost immediately in the Euclidean region. The essential differences between the large-order growth of perturbative coefficients in the present scalar case, and in the previously-studied vector case are analysed. In the timelike region a stabilization of the corresponding perturbative series for the imaginary part, with n-loop behaviour Sn/[log(s/Λ2)]n−1, where Sn is essentially constant for n≤6, is observed. Only for n≥7 does one discern the factorial growth and alternations of sign. We use the new all-orders results to scrutinize the performance of multi-loop estimates, using a large-β0=(11Nc−2Nf)/12 approximation, the so-called “naive nonabelianization” procedure, and within the effective charges approach. The asymptotic behaviour of perturbative coefficients, in both large-Nf and large-Nc limits, is analysed both in the spacelike and timelike regions. A contour-improved resummation technique in the timelike region is developed. Some subtleties connected with scheme-dependence are analysed, and illustrated using results in the - and V-schemes. The all-orders series under investigation are summed up with the help of the Borel resummation method. The results obtained are relevant to the analysis of the theoretical uncertainties in the 4-loop extractions of the running and invariant s-quark masses from QCD sum rules, and in calculations of the Higgs boson decay width into a quark–antiquark pair. \u