pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Forward Modelling of Standing Slow Modes in Flaring Coronal Loops

Standing slow mode waves in hot flaring loops are exclusively observed in
spectrometers and are used to diagnose the magnetic field strength and
temperature of the loop structure. Due to the lack of spatial information, the
longitudinal mode cannot be effectively identified. In this study, we simulate
standing slow mode waves in flaring loops and compare the synthesized line
emission properties with SUMER spectrographic and SDO/AIA imaging observations.
We find that the emission intensity and line width oscillations are a quarter
period out of phase with Doppler shift velocity both in time and spatial
domain, which can be used to identify a standing slow mode wave from
spectroscopic observations. However, the longitudinal overtones could be only
measured with the assistance of imagers. We find emission intensity asymmetry
in the positive and negative modulations, this is because the contribution
function pertaining to the atomic emission process responds differently to
positive and negative temperature variations. One may detect \textbf{half}
periodicity close to the loop apex, where emission intensity modulation is
relatively small. The line-of-sight projection affects the observation of
Doppler shift significantly. A more accurate estimate of the amplitude of
velocity perturbation is obtained by de-projecting the Doppler shift by a
factor of $1-2\theta/\pi$ rather than the traditionally used $\cos\theta$.
\textbf{If a loop is heated to the hotter wing, the intensity modulation could
be overwhelmed by background emission, while the Doppler shift velocity could
still be detected to a certain extent.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, Astrophysics Journa
Coronal sources and in situ properties of the solar winds sampled by ACE
  during 1999-2008

We identify the coronal sources of the solar winds sampled by the ACE
spacecraft during 1999-2008, and examine the in situ solar wind properties as a
function of wind sources. The standard two-step mapping technique is adopted to
establish the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic flux tubes along which
the ACE winds flow. The footpoints are then placed in the context of EIT
284~\AA\ images and photospheric magnetograms, allowing us to categorize the
sources into four groups: coronal holes (CHs), active regions (ARs), the quiet
Sun (QS), and "Undefined". This practice also enables us to establish the
response to solar activity of the fractions occupied by each kind of solar
winds, and of their speeds and O$^{7+}$/O$^{6+}$ ratios measured in situ. We
find that during the maximum phase, the majority of ACE winds originate from
ARs. During the declining phase, CHs and ARs are equally important contributors
to the ACE solar winds. The QS contribution increases with decreasing solar
activity, and maximizes in the minimum phase when QS appear to be the primary
supplier of the ACE winds. With decreasing activity, the winds from all sources
tend to become cooler, as represented by the increasingly low O$^{7+}$/O$^{6+}$
ratios. On the other hand, during each activity phase, the AR winds tend to be
the slowest and associated with the highest O$^{7+}$/O$^{6+}$ ratios, and the
CH winds correspond to the other extreme, with the QS winds lying in between.
Applying the same analysis method to the slow winds only, here defined as the
winds with speeds lower than 500 km s$^{-1}$, we find basically the same
overall behavior, as far as the contributions of individual groups of sources
are concerned. This statistical study indicates that QS regions are an
important source of the solar wind during the minimum phase.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physic
A Complete Two-Loop, Five-Gluon Helicity Amplitude in Yang-Mills Theory

We compute the integrand of the full-colour, two-loop, five-gluon scattering
amplitude in pure Yang-Mills theory with all helicities positive, using
generalized unitarity cuts. Tree-level BCJ relations, satisfied by amplitudes
appearing in the cuts, allow us to deduce all the necessary non-planar
information for the full-colour amplitude from known planar data. We present
our result in terms of irreducible numerators, with colour factors derived from
the multi-peripheral colour decomposition. Finally, the leading soft
divergences are checked to reproduce the expected infrared behaviour.Comment: 23 pages + refs, 4 figures, 2 tables; v2 minor corrections, journal
  versio
Imprints of galaxy evolution on H II regions memory of the past uncovered by the CALIFA survey

Context. H II regions in galaxies are the sites of star formation, so they are special places for understanding the build-up of stellar mass in the universe. The line ratios of this ionized gas are frequently used to characterize the ionization conditions. In particular, the oxygen abundances are assumed to trace the chemical enrichment of galaxies. Aims. We explore the connections between the ionization conditions and the properties of the overall underlying stellar population (ionizing or not-ionizing) in H II regions, in order to uncover the actual physical connection between them. Methods. We use the H II regions catalog from the CALIFA survey, which is the largest in existence with more than 5000 H II regions, to explore their distribution across the classical [O III] λ5007/Hβ vs. [N II] λ6583/α diagnostic diagram, and the way it depends on the oxygen abundance, ionization parameter, electron density, and dust attenuation. The location of H II regions within this diagram is compared with predictions from photoionization models. Finally, we explore the dependence of the location within the diagnostic diagram on the properties of the host galaxies, the galactocentric distances, and the properties of the underlying stellar population. Results. The H II regions with weaker ionization strengths and more metal-rich are located in the bottom righthand area of the diagram. In contrast, those regions with stronger ionization strengths and more metal poor are located in the upper lefthand end of the diagram. Photoionization models per se do not predict these correlations between the parameters and the line ratios. The H II regions located in earlier-type galaxies, closer to the center and formed in older and more metal-rich regions of the galaxies are located in the bottom-right area of the diagram. On the other hand, those regions located in late-type galaxies in the outer regions of the disks and formed on younger and more metal-poor regions lie in the top lefthand area of the diagram. The two explored line ratios show strong correlations with the age and metallicity of the underlying stellar population. Conclusions. These results indicate that although H II regions are short-lived events, they are aff ected by the total underlying stellar population. One may say that H II regions keep a memory of the stellar evolution and chemical enrichment that have left an imprint on both the ionizing stellar population and the ionized gas.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Thermal emission from WASP-24b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm

Aims. We observe occultations of WASP-24b to measure brightness temperatures and to determine whether or not its atmosphere exhibits a thermal inversion (stratosphere). Methods. We observed occultations of WASP-24b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm using the Spitzer Space Telescope. It has been suggested that there is a correlation between stellar activity and the presence of inversions, so we analysed existing HARPS spectra in order to calculate log R′HK for WASP-24 and thus determine whether or not the star is chromospherically active. We also observed a transit of WASP-24b in the Strömgren u and y bands, with the CAHA 2.2-m telescope. Results. We measure occultation depths of 0.159 ± 0.013 per cent at 3.6 μm and 0.202 ± 0.018 per cent at 4.5 μm. The corresponding planetary brightness temperatures are 1974 ± 71 K and 1944 ± 85 K respectively. Atmosphere models with and without a thermal inversion fit the data equally well; we are unable to constrain the presence of an inversion without additional occultation measurements in the near-IR. We find log R′HK = −4.98 ± 0.12, indicating that WASP-24 is not a chromospherically active star. Our global analysis of new and previously-published data has refined the system parameters, and we find no evidence that the orbit of WASP-24b is non-circular. Conclusions. These results emphasise the importance of complementing Spitzer measurements with observations at shorter wavelengths to gain a full understanding of hot Jupiter atmospheres.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-section in proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) TeV using 4.5 fb−1 of data with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive jet cross-section is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. Jets are identified using the anti-k t algorithm with radius parameter values of 0.4 and 0.6. The double-differential cross-sections are presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum and the jet rapidity, covering jet transverse momenta from 100 GeV to 2 TeV. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative effects and electroweak effects, as well as Monte Carlo simulations with next-to-leading-order matrix elements interfaced to parton showering, are compared to the measured cross-sections. A quantitative comparison of the measured cross-sections to the QCD calculations using several sets of parton distribution functions is performed
Cell-cycle-dependent trafficking in the endocytic pathway

In the endocytic pathway, many components are degraded. This is essential for cells in many ways, like uptake of nutrients, defense against pathogens, receptor downregulation, and antigen processing. In interphase, the endocytic pathway is highly dynamic and receives components both from the plasma membrane and from the trans-Golgi network. In mitosis, many cellular processes are downregulated. Secretion is arrested in mitosis, and both the Endoplasmatic Reticulum and the Golgi complex fragments. Little is known about the organelles in the endocytic pathway in mitosis, the endosomes and lysosomes. During this project we have studied endosomes and lysosomes both in interphase and mitosis. We have specially focused on the early endosomal tethering factor, EEA1, which is an important molecule that brings early endosomes in close proximity to facilitate SNARE assembly with a following fusion. EEA1 is a molecule that cycles between early endosomes and cytosol. This on/off cycling we have found to be rapid and highly variable, and these changes in on/off cycling we suggest make EEA1 a sensitive regulator for tethering prior to fusion
Month of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: confounding and adjustments

A month of birth effect on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk has been reported from different countries. Recent critics have suggested that this finding is caused by confounding and that adequately adjusting for year and place of birth would markedly reduce this effect. All inhabitants in Norway are registered in the Norwegian Population Registry (Statistics Norway), making this an ideal area for performing adjusted analyses. Using the entire Norwegian population born between 1930 and 1979 (n = 2,899,260), we calculated the excess between observed and expected number of births for each month for 6649 Norwegian MS patients, 5711 mothers, 5247 fathers, and 8956 unaffected siblings. The analyses were adjusted for year of birth and place of birth according to the 19 counties in Norway. An unadjusted analysis revealed 13% fewer MS births than expected in February (P = 0.0015; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.018), 10% more in April (P = 0.0083; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.0996) and 15% more in December (P = 0.00058; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.007). Adjustments for both year and place of birth significantly altered our results for February and December, but even after these adjustments there were still 10% more MS births than expected in April (P = 0.00796; Bonferroni corrected P = 0.096). MS patients had a higher incidence of April births than their siblings (Fisher-exact test; P = 0.011), mothers (Fisher-exact test; P = 0.004), and fathers (Fisher-exact test; P = 0.011) without MS. Adjustments for confounding significantly affected our results. However, even after adjustments, there appears to be a persistent higher than expected frequency of April births in the MS population.

© 2014 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association
The mass-hierarchy and CP-violation discovery reach of the LBNO long-baseline neutrino experiment

The next generation neutrino observatory proposed by the LBNO collaboration will address fundamental questions in particle and astroparticle physics. The experiment\ud
consists of a far detector, in its first stage a 20 kt LAr double phase TPC and a magnetised\ud
iron calorimeter, situated at 2300 km from CERN and a near detector based on a highpressure argon gas TPC. The long baseline provides a unique opportunity to study neutrino flavour oscillations over their 1st and 2nd oscillation maxima exploring the L/E behaviour, and distinguishing effects arising from δCP and matter. In this paper we have reevaluated the physics potential of this setup for determining the mass hierarchy (MH) and discovering CP-violation (CPV), using a conventional neutrino beam from the CERN SPS with a power of 750 kW. We use conservative assumptions on the knowledge of oscillation parameter priors and systematic uncertainties. The impact of each systematic error and the precision of oscillation prior is shown. We demonstrate that the first stage of LBNO can determine unambiguously the MH to > 5δ C.L. over the whole phase space. We show that the statistical treatment of the experiment is of very high importance, resulting in the conclusion that LBNO has ~ 100% probability to determine the MH in at most 4-5 years of running. Since the knowledge of MH is indispensable to extract δCP from the data, the first LBNO phase can convincingly give evidence for CPV on the 3δ C.L. using today’s knowledge on oscillation parameters and realistic assumptions on the systematic uncertainties
Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide binaries III. Sixteen new stars and eight new wide systems in the β Pictoris moving group

Aims. We look for common proper motion companions to stars of the nearby young β Pictoris moving group.\ud
Methods. First, we compiled a list of 185 β Pictoris members and candidate members from 35 representative works. Next, we used the Aladin and STILTS virtual observatory tools and the PPMXL proper motion and Washington Double Star catalogues to look for companion candidates. The resulting potential companions were subjects of a dedicated astro-photometric follow-up using public data from all-sky surveys. After discarding 67 sources by proper motion and 31 by colour-magnitude diagrams, we obtained a final list of 36 common proper motion systems. The binding energy of two of them is perhaps too small to be considered physically bound.\ud
Results. Of the 36 pairs and multiple systems, eight are new, 16 have only one stellar component previously classified as a β Pictoris member, and three have secondaries at or below the hydrogen-burning limit. Sixteen stars are reported here for the first time as moving group members. The unexpected large number of high-order multiple systems, 12 triples and two quadruples among 36 systems, may suggest a biased list of members towards close binaries or an increment of the high-order-multiple fraction for very wide systems
Doing whitefella research in blackfella communities in Australia : decolonizing method in sports related research

There is much for non-Indigenous researchers to consider when researching in Indigenous contexts.\ud
This paper is a story of discovery for two researchers working on a project with the Indigenous\ud
Sports Program section of the Australian Sports Commission. It documents the slow, meticulous and\ud
sometimes clumsy steps taken to gain access to communities and conduct research guided by a social\ud
justice ethic. The research was successful in that eventually it was possible to develop the trust of\ud
individuals and some of the Indigenous communities more broadly, so that information could be\ud
gathered and given within the context of shared understandings and mutual interest. However, it is\ud
the turbulent journey, filled as it is, with latent tendencies, privileged assumptions and eventually\ud
reflexive readings of the data, which remains the focus of this paper. Tentative recommendations are\ud
offered to those wishing to advance this politically and epistemologically challenging approach to\ud
culturally based researc
Ground ice and slope sediments archiving late Quaternary paleoenvironment and paleoclimate signals at the margins of El'gygytgyn Impact Crater, NE Siberia

An accumulation terrace close to the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater in northeastern Siberia contains stratigraphic and periglacial evidence of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic history and permafrost dynamics during late Quaternary time. A succession of paleo active-layer deposits that mirror environmental changes records periods favorable for the establishment and growth of ice-wedge polygonal networks and sediment variations. These two elements of the periglacial landscape serve as complementary paleoenvironmental archives that can be traced back to ∼ 14,000 cal yr BP. The slope sediments and the ground ice contained therein have prominent relative maxima and minima in properties (grain size, total organic content, oxygen isotopes). They document a regional early Holocene thermal maximum at about 9000 cal yr BP, followed by a transition to slightly cooler conditions, and a subsequent transition to slightly warmer conditions after about 4000 cal yr BP. Results from sedimentary analysis resemble morphological and geochemical (oxygen and hydrogen isotopes) results from ice wedge studies, in which successive generations of ice-wedge polygonal networks record warmer winters in late Holocene time. Moreover, peaks of light soluble cation contents and quartz-grain surface textures reveal distinct traces of cryogenic weathering. We propose a conclusive sedimentation model illustrating terrace formation in a permafrost terrain
Thermal Casimir effect in Kerr space–time

We investigate the thermal Casimir effect of a massless scalar field for two parallel plates moving in the equatorial orbit in Kerr space–time. Under the assumption that the typical cavity size is much smaller than the orbital radius, proposed by Sorge, we deduce the analytical expression of the renormalized free energy in this curved space–time. We also get the analytical representation for the renormalized internal energy, and find that there is a thermal correction to the Casimir energy, which depends on the proper temperature and the proper geometrical parameters of the plates. The asymptotic behavior of the Casimir free energy, entropy and internal energy at low temperature is also investigated
Cell-type-specific profiling of protein–DNA interactions without cell isolation using targeted DamID with next-generation sequencing

The ability to profile transcription and chromatin binding in a cell-type-specific manner is a powerful aid to understanding cell-fate specification and cellular function in multicellular organisms. We recently developed targeted DamID (TaDa) to enable genome-wide, cell-type-specific profiling of DNA- and chromatin-binding proteins in vivo without cell isolation. As a protocol extension, this article describes substantial modifications to an existing protocol, and it offers additional applications. TaDa builds upon DamID, a technique for detecting genome-wide DNA-binding profiles of proteins, by coupling it with the GAL4 system in Drosophila to enable both temporal and spatial resolution. TaDa ensures that Dam-fusion proteins are expressed at very low levels, thus avoiding toxicity and potential artifacts from overexpression. The modifications to the core DamID technique presented here also increase the speed of sample processing and throughput, and adapt the method to next-generation sequencing technology. TaDa is robust, reproducible and highly sensitive. Compared with other methods for cell-type-specific profiling, the technique requires no cell-sorting, cross-linking or antisera, and binding profiles can be generated from as few as 10,000 total induced cells. By profiling the genome-wide binding of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TaDa can also identify transcribed genes in a cell-type-specific manner. Here we describe a detailed protocol for carrying out TaDa experiments and preparing the material for next-generation sequencing. Although we developed TaDa in Drosophila, it should be easily adapted to other organisms with an inducible expression system. Once transgenic animals are obtained, the entire experimental procedure—from collecting tissue samples to generating sequencing libraries—can be accomplished within 5 d.This work was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award (103792), Wellcome Trust Programme Grant (092545) and BBSRC Project Grant (BB/L00786X/1) to A.H.B. A.H.B acknowledges core funding to the Gurdon Institute from the Wellcome Trust (092096) and CRUK (C6946/A14492).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Publishing Group via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.08
Longitudinal momentum distributions of C-16,C-18 fragments after one-neutron removal from C-17,C-19

6 pages, 5 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 25.60.Gc; 25.70.Mn; 27.20.+n.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/9810011The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of C-16,C-18 fragments after one-neutron removal reactions in C-17,C-19 impinging on a carbon target at about 910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a FWHM of 141 ± 6 MeV/c for C-16 and 69 ± 3 MeV/c for C-18. The results are compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within existing theoretical models.This work was supported by the German Federal Minister for Education and Research (BMBF) under Contracts 06 DA 820, 06 OF 474, and 06 MZ 476 and by GSI via Hochschulzusammenarbeitsvereinbarungen\ud
under Contracts DARIK, OF ELK, and MZ KRK. It was partly supported by the Polish Committee of Scientific Research under Contract PB2rP03Br113r09, EC under Contract ERBCHGE-CT92-0003, CICYT under Contract AEN92-0788-C02-02 MJGB., and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)under Contract 436 RUS 130r127r1. One of us(B.J.) acknowledges the support through an Alexander von Humboldt Research Award.Peer reviewe