pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with time consumption when answering drug-related queries to Scandinavian drug information centres: a multi-centre study

-Purpose

There is little research-based documentation on the services provided by drug information centres (DICs). The aim of this multi-centre study was to explore for the first time the factors associated with time consumption when answering drug-related queries at eight different but comparable DICs.

Methods

During an 8-week period, staff members at eight Scandinavian DICs recorded the number of minutes during which they responded to queries. Mixed model linear regression analyses were used to explore the factors associated with time consumption when answering queries.

Results

The mean time consumption per query was 178 min (range 4–2540 min). The mean time consumed per query increased by 28 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 23 to 33, p < 0.001) min higher for queries for which there was a lack of documentation and 139 (95 % CI 74 to 203, p < 0.001) min higher when conflicting information was present in the literature. Staff members with less than 1 year of experience consumed a mean of 91 more minutes (95 % CI 32 to 150, p = 0.003) per query than staff members with more than 2 years of experience.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the large variation in time consumed answering queries posed to Scandinavian DICs. The results highlight the need for highly competent staff members and easy access to drug information sources. Further studies are required to explore the association between time consumption and response quality
Survivin: a dual player in healthy and diseased skin

Survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, and, in addition to the antiapoptotic functions, it also regulates the cell cycle. The survivin gene generates five major isoforms with diverse and opposite functions. Survivin is highly expressed in cancer and in few normal adult tissues, including skin. It is mostly detected in the nucleus of keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs), but it is also expressed in melanocytes and fibroblasts. Survivin isoforms are differentially detected in subpopulations of human keratinocytes, exerting contrasting activities. Survivin has an important role in the regulation of cell cycle in keratinocytes, and it protects these cells from anoikis and UV-induced apoptosis. In melanoma, survivin is abundantly expressed, and its subcellular localization varies depending upon tumor thickness and invasiveness. Survivin overexpression has been shown in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and it is also involved in UVB-induced carcinogenesis. The presence of survivin both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm throughout the epidermal layers of psoriatic lesions suggests the involvement of this protein in the keratinocyte alterations typical of this disease. Additional studies on the expression of survivin isoforms and their subcellular localization in relation to function will confirm the key role of survivin in the skin and will open the field to new therapeutic strategies for many cutaneous condition
Mechanical properties of neutron-irradiated vanadium alloys in a liquid-sodium environment

Vanadium alloys, including the highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloy called NIFS-Heat2, in the form
	of sodium-enclosed irradiation capsules, were irradiated up to a damage level of 5dpa in the Joyo
	reactor at temperatures from 395 to 601°C.
	An increase of the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) by neutron irradiation and
	irradiation hardening were observed. No significant loss of ductility was observed even for
	irradiation at 395 and 450°C. The addition of titanium to V-Cr alloys was effective for irradiation
	hardening at high temperature. Hydrogen uptake in the cleaning process during dismantling of the
	irradiation capsules caused ductility loss of the highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloys; the alloys
	recovered their ductility when they were annealed at 400°C in vacuum. The uniform formation of
	Ti(OCN) precipitate was suppressed in highly purified V-4Cr-4Ti alloys irradiated in Joyo in a liquid-sodium environment
Bmi1 Promotes Erythroid Development Through Regulating Ribosome Biogenesis

While Polycomb group protein Bmi1 is important for stem cell maintenance, its role in lineage commitment is largely unknown. We have identified Bmi1 as a novel regulator of erythroid development. Bmi1 is highly expressed in mouse erythroid progenitor cells and its deficiency impairs erythroid differentiation. BMI1 is also important for human erythroid development. Furthermore, we discovered that loss of Bmi1 in erythroid progenitor cells results in decreased transcription of multiple ribosomal protein genes and impaired ribosome biogenesis. Bmi1 deficiency stabilizes p53 protein, leading to upregulation of p21 expression and subsequent G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Genetic inhibition of p53 activity rescues the erythroid defects seen in the Bmi1 null mice, demonstrating that a p53-dependent mechanism underlies the pathophysiology of the anemia. Mechanistically, Bmi1 is associated with multiple ribosomal protein genes and may positively regulate their expression in erythroid progenitor cells. Thus, Bmi1 promotes erythroid development, at least in part through regulating ribosome biogenesis. Ribosomopathies are human disorders of ribosome dysfunction, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) and 5q− syndrome, in which genetic abnormalities cause impaired ribosome biogenesis, resulting in specific clinical phenotypes. We observed that BMI1 expression in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with DBA is correlated with the expression of some ribosomal protein genes, suggesting that BMI1 deficiency may play a pathological role in DBA and other ribosomopathies
Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is caused by mutations in C1R and C1S, which encode subcomponents C1r and C1s of complement

Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by early-onset periodontitis leading to premature loss of teeth, joint hypermobility, and mild skin findings. A locus was mapped to an approximately 5.8 Mb region at 12p13.1 but no candidate gene was identified. In an international consortium we recruited 19 independent families comprising 107 individuals with pEDS to identify the locus, characterize the clinical details in those with defined genetic causes, and try to understand the physiological basis of the condition. In 17 of these families, we identified heterozygous missense or in-frame insertion/deletion mutations in C1R (15 families) or C1S (2 families), contiguous genes in the mapped locus that encode subunits C1r and C1s of the first component of the classical complement pathway. These two proteins form a heterotetramer that then combines with six C1q subunits. Pathogenic variants involve the subunit interfaces or inter-domain hinges of C1r and C1s and are associated with intracellular retention and mild endoplasmic reticulum enlargement. Clinical features of affected individuals in these families include rapidly progressing periodontitis with onset in the teens or childhood, a previously unrecognized lack of attached gingiva, pretibial hyperpigmentation, skin and vascular fragility, easy bruising, and variable musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings open a connection between the inflammatory classical complement pathway and connective tissue homeostasis
Short-wavelength stability analysis of thin vortex rings

The linear stability of thin vortex rings are studied by short-wavelength stability analysis. The modified Hill–Schrödinger equation for vortex rings, which incorporates curvature effect, is derived. It is used to evaluate growth rates analytically. The growth rates are also evaluated by numerical calculation and they agree well with analytical values for small  which is the ratio of core radius to ring radius. Two types of vortex rings are considered: Kelvin\u27s vortex ring and a Gaussian vortex ring. For Kelvin\u27s vortex ring the maximum first-order growth rate is found to be 1.65/2.56. For the Gaussian vortex ring the first-order growth rate is larg
Electronic passivation of silicon surfaces by thin films of atomic layer deposited gallium oxide

This paper proposes the application of gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) thin films to crystalline silicon solar cells. Effective passivation of n- and p-type crystalline silicon surfaces has been achieved by the application of very thin Ga₂O₃ films prepared by atomic layer deposition using trimethylgallium (TMGa) and ozone (O₃) as the reactants. Surface recombination velocities as low as 6.1 cm/s have been recorded with films less than 4.5 nm thick. A range of deposition parameters has been explored, with growth rates of approximately 0.2 Å/cycle providing optimum passivation. The thermal activation energy for passivation of the Si-Ga₂O₃ interface has been found to be approximately 0.5 eV. Depassivation of the interface was observed for prolonged annealing at increased temperatures. The activation energy for depassivation was measured to be 1.9 eV.This work has been supported by the Australian government
through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency
(ARENA)
Using Cluster Dynamics to Model Electrical Resistivity Measurements in
  Precipitating Al-Sc Alloys

Electrical resistivity evolution during precipitation in Al-Sc alloys is
modeled using cluster dynamics. This mesoscopic modeling has already been shown
to correctly predict the time evolution of the precipitate size distribution.
In this work, we show that it leads too to resistivity predictions in
quantitative agreement with experimental data. We only assume that all clusters
contribute to the resistivity and that each cluster contribution is
proportional to its area. One interesting result is that the resistivity excess
observed during coarsening mainly arises from large clusters and not really
from the solid solution. As a consequence, one cannot assume that resistivity
asymptotic behavior obeys a simple power law as predicted by LSW theory for the
solid solution supersaturation. This forbids any derivation of the precipitate
interface free energy or of the solute diffusion coefficient from resistivity
experimental data in a phase-separating system like Al-Sc supersaturated
alloys
A compact formula for the derivative of a 3-D rotation in exponential
  coordinates

We present a compact formula for the derivative of a 3-D rotation matrix with
respect to its exponential coordinates. A geometric interpretation of the
resulting expression is provided, as well as its agreement with other
less-compact but better-known formulas. To the best of our knowledge, this
simpler formula does not appear anywhere in the literature. We hope by
providing this more compact expression to alleviate the common pressure to
reluctantly resort to alternative representations in various computational
applications simply as a means to avoid the complexity of differential analysis
in exponential coordinates.Comment: 6 page
Quantification of subcortical gray-matter vascularization using 7 Tesla time-of-flight angiography

Background: The integrity of subcortical brain nuclei is associated with maintenance of regular cognitive performance levels and has been shown to be particularly affected by aging-related vascular pathology. This study aims to demonstrate applicability of high field strength magnetic resonance angiography at 7 Tesla (7T) for assessment of interindividual variation in subcortical vascularization. Methods: Two healthy female subjects without known history of cerebrovascular disease or malformation, aged 43 and 86 years, respectively, were administered three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography at 7T. The FreeSurfer software package was used for automated parcellation and assessment of subcortical volumes. For each volume, mean regional intensities were calculated based on the TOF contrast as a quantitative reflection of regional subcortical gray-matter vascularization. Results: While volumes of the subcortical brain region assessed did not differ significantly (30.2 and 27.8 mL, P = 0.78), mean intensities were significantly reduced in the older participant (10%, P = 0.004). Mean intensities could be assessed for each participant for 14 subcortical structures, strongest differences were observable for the left and right Thalamus (T [left, right] = 3.85, 3.82; P [left, right] = 0.002, 0.003). Conclusions: High-resolution TOF magnetic resonance angiography may be used in combination with automated volume-based parcellation to quantify regional subcortical vascularization and to assess interindividual differences. Additional studies are necessary to assess its potential use in clinical trials on cerebrovascular integrity in a context of aging-related brain change
Prior statin use and 90-day mortality in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bloodstream infection: a prospective observational study

n several studies on patients with bloodstream infection (BSI), prior use of statins has been associated with improved survival. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria alert the innate immune system in different ways. We, therefore, studied whether the relation between prior statin use and 90-day total mortality differed between Gram-positive and Gram-negative BSI. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of 1,408 adults with BSI admitted to Levanger Hospital between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011. Data on the use of statins and other medications at admission, comorbidities, functional status, treatment, and outcome were obtained from the patients’ hospital records. The relation of statin use with 90-day mortality differed between Gram-negative and Gram-positive BSI (p-value for interaction 0.01). Among patients with Gram-negative BSI, statin users had significantly lower 90-day total mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.75, p = 0.003]. The association remained essentially unchanged after adjusting for the effect of sex, age, functional status before the infection, and underlying diseases that were considered confounders (adjusted OR 0.38, 95 % CI 0.20–0.72, p = 0.003). A similar analysis of patients with Gram-positive BSI showed no association of statin use with mortality (adjusted OR 1.22, 95 % CI 0.69–2.17, p = 0.49). The present study suggests that prior statin use is associated with a lower 90-day total mortality in Gram-negative BSI, but not in Gram-positive BSI
Time-reversal odd distribution functions in chiral models with vector
  mesons

The so-called time-reversal odd distribution functions are known to be
non-vanishing in QCD due to the presence of the link operator in the definition
of these quantities. I show that T-odd distributions can be non-vanishing also
in chiral models, if vector mesons are introduced as dynamical gauge bosons of
a hidden local symmetry. Moreover, since the flavor dependence of these
distributions is different in chiral models respect to non chiral ones, the
phenomenological analysis of experimental data will be able to distinguish
between these two classes of models
Presence-based architecture for wireless sensor networks using publish/subscribe paradigm

Ubiquitous communication is a key component of Ambient\ud
Intelligence, enabling objects to communicate with each-other by means of a\ud
wireless ad-hoc network. A presence service allows knowing the availability or\ud
responsiveness status of elements in a communication (entities). Traditionally,\ud
only human use this service, however all smart devices or objects (with embedded\ud
wireless sensor nodes) could interact with each other thus a presence service could\ud
also enhance communication among them. To achieve this objective we look into\ud
existing protocols to propose the requirements needed to provide presence service\ud
on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The main contribution of this paper is the\ud
discussion of requirements for presence services on WSN and the new proposed\ud
architecture to cope with presence services in WSN.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Estimating oceanic primary production using vertical irradiance and chlorophyll profiles from ocean gliders in the North Atlantic

An autonomous underwater vehicle (Seaglider) has been used to estimate marine primary production (PP) using a combination of irradiance and fluorescence vertical profiles. This method provides estimates for depth-resolved and temporally evolving PP on fine spatial scales in the absence of ship-based calibrations. We describe techniques to correct for known issues associated with long autonomous deployments such as sensor calibration drift and fluorescence quenching. Comparisons were made between the Seaglider, stable isotope (13C), and satellite estimates of PP. The Seaglider-based PP estimates were comparable to both satellite estimates and stable isotope measurements
Examining Contextual Factors and Individual Value Dimensions of Healthcare Providers Intention to Adopt Electronic Health Technologies in Developing Countries

Part 5: Research in ProgressInternational audienceDespite substantial research on electronic health (e-Health) adoption, there still exist vast differences between resource-rich and resource-poor populations regarding Information Technology adoption. To help bridge the technological gulf between developed and developing countries, this research-in-progress paper examines healthcare providers’ intention to adopt e-health technologies from two perspectives 1) contextual factors (i.e. specific to developing world settings) and 2) individual value dimensions (i.e. cultural, utilitarian, social and personal). The primary output of this paper is a theoretical model merging both the contextual factors and value dimensions; this forms a strong baseline to examine and help ensure the successful adoption of e-Health technologies within developing countries. Future research will be performed to validate the model developed in this paper, with a specific focus on mobile Health in Malawi, Africa
A genetic game of trade, growth and externalities

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A genetic algorithm is introduced to search for optimal policies in the presence of knowledge spillovers and local pollution in a dynamic North/South trade game. Noncooperative trade compounds inefficiencies stemming from externalities. Cooperative trade policies are efficient and yet not credible. Short of a joint maximization of the global welfare, transfer of knowledge remains as a viable route to improve world welfare. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Stable determination of a scattered wave from its far-field pattern: the high frequency asymptotics

We deal with the stability issue for the determination of outgoing time-harmonic acoustic waves from their far-field patterns. We are especially interested in keeping as explicit as possible the dependence of our stability estimates on the wavenumber of the corresponding Helmholtz equation and in understanding the high wavenumber, that is frequency, asymptotics.\ud
\ud
Applications include stability results for the determination from far-field data of solutions of direct scattering problems with sound-soft obstacles and an instability analysis for the corresponding inverse obstacle problem. \ud
\ud
The key tool consists of establishing precise estimates on the behavior of Hankel functions with large argument or order
Electrochemically instantaneous reduction of conducting polyaniline-coated latex particles dispersed in acidic solution

A cathodic voltammetric wave was observed in an aqueous suspension of
mono-dispersed, spherical polyaniline-coated polystyrene particles, whereas no anodic
wave was detected. This irreversibility was common to particles with eight different
diameters ranging from 0.2 to 7.5 μm. Such irreversibility cannot be found at
polyaniline-coated electrodes, and thus is a property of the dispersion of polyaniline
latex. The reduction current was controlled by diffusion of dispersed particles. The
reduction, being the conversion from the electrical conducting state to the resistive one,
should begin at a point of contact between the conducting particle and the electrode in
order to be propagated to the whole particle rapidly. In contrast, the oxidation proceeds
slowly with the propagation of conducting zone, during which Brownian motion lets the
particle detach from the electrode. The number of loaded aniline units per particle,
determined by weight analysis, ranged from 6×10_6 (φ 0.2 μm) to 3×10_11 (φ 7.5 μm) and
was proportional to 2.9 powers of the particle diameter. The diffusion-controlled current
of the cathodic wave was proportional to 2.4 powers of the diameter. The difference in
these powers, 0.5, agreed with a theoretical estimation of the diffusion-controlled
current, the diffusion coefficient for which was given by the Stokes-Einstein equation
Temperature and injection current dependence of electroluminescence intensity in green and blue InGaN single-quantum-well light-emitting diodes

Temperature and injection current dependence of electroluminescence (EL) spectral intensity of the superbright green and blue InGaN single-quantum-well (SQW) light-emitting diodes has been studied over a wide temperature range (T = 15–300 K) and as a function of injection current level (0.1–10 mA). It is found that, when temperature is slightly decreased to 140 K, the EL intensity efficiently increases in both cases, as usually seen due to the improved quantum efficiency. However, with further decrease of temperature down to 15 K, unusual reduction of the EL intensity is commonly observed for both of the two diodes. At low temperatures the integrated EL intensity shows a clear trend of saturation with current, accompanying decreases of the EL differential quantum efficiency. We attribute the EL reduction due to trapping of injected carriers by nonradiative recombination centers. Its dependence on temperature and current shows a striking difference between the green and blue SQW diodes. That is, we find that the blue InGaN SQW diode with a smaller In concentration shows more drastic reduction of the EL intensity at lower temperatures and at higher currents than the green one. This unusual evolution of the EL intensity with temperature and current is due to less efficient carrier capturing by SQW. The carrier capture in the green and blue diodes also shows a keen difference owing to the different In content in the InGaN well. These results are analyzed within a context of rate equation model, assuming a finite number of radiative recombination centers. Importance of the efficient carrier capture processes by localized tail states within SQW at 180–300 K is thus pointed out for explaining the observed enhancement of radiative recombination of injected carriers in the presence of high-density misfit dislocations
Galileons coupled to massive gravity: general analysis and cosmological solutions

We further develop the framework for coupling galileons and Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar fields to a massive graviton while retaining both the non-linear symmetries of the scalars and ghost-freedom of the theory. The general construction is recast in terms of vielbeins which simplifies calculations and allows for compact expressions. Expressions for the general form of the action are derived, with special emphasis on those models which descend from maximally symmetric spaces. We demonstrate the existence of maximally symmetric solutions to the fully non-linear theory and analyze their spectrum of quadratic fluctuations. Finally, we consider self-accelerating cosmological solutions and study their perturbations, showing that the vector and scalar modes have vanishing kinetic terms