pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The VMC Survey - I. Strategy and First Data

The new VISual and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) has started
operations. Over its first five years it will be collecting data for six public
surveys, one of these is the near-infrared YJKsVISTA survey of the Magellanic
Clouds system (VMC). This survey comprises the LMC, the SMC, the Bridge
connecting the two galaxies and two fields in the Stream. This paper provides
an overview of the VMC survey strategy and presents first science results. The
main goals of the VMC survey are the determination of the spatially resolved
SFH and 3D structure of the Magellanic system. Therefore, the VMC survey is
designed to reach stars as faint as the oldest main sequence turn-off point and
to constrain the mean magnitude of pulsating variable stars such as RR Lyrae
stars and Cepheids. This paper focuses on observations of VMC fields in the LMC
obtained between November 2009 and March 2010. These observations correspond to
a 7% completeness of the LMC fields. The VMC observations consist of
multi-epoch measurements organised following a specific structure. The data
were reduced using the VISTA Data Flow System pipeline whose source catalogues
were produced and made available via the VISTA Science Archive. The analysis of
the data shows that the sensitivity in each wave band agrees with expectations.
Uncertainties and completeness of the data are also derived. The first science
results, aimed at assessing the science quality of the VMC data, include an
overview of the distribution of stars in colour-magnitude and colour-colour
diagrams, the detection of planetary nebulae and of stellar clusters, and the
Ks band light-curve of variable stars. The VMC survey represents a tremendous
improvement, in spatial resolution and sensitivity, on previous panoramic
observations of the Magellanic system in the near-infrared and complements
nicely the deep observations at other wavelengths. (Abridged)Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy &
  Astrophysics, high resolution version available at
  http://star.herts.ac.uk/~mcioni/vmc
FELIX A full acceptance detector at the LHC

The FELIX collaboration has proposed the construction of a full acceptance
detector for the LHC, to be located at Intersection Region 4, and to be
commissioned concurrently with the LHC. The primary mission of FELIX is QCD: to
provide comprehensive and definitive observations of a very broad range of
strong-interaction processes. This paper reviews the detector concept and
performance characteristics, the physics menu, and plans for integration of
FELIX into the collider lattice and physical environment. The current status of
the FELIX Letter of Intent is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures. To be published in "Proceedings of the XXVII
  International Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics, Frascati (Rome), Italy
  8-12 Sept. 1997 (Nuclear Physics B, Proceedings Supplement)
The pressure of the SU(N) lattice gauge theory at large-N

We calculate bulk thermodynamic properties, such as the pressure, energy
density, and entropy, in SU(4) and SU(8) lattice gauge theories, for the range
of temperatures T <= 2.0Tc and T <= 1.6Tc respectively. We find that the N=4,8
results are very close to each other, and to what one finds in SU(3), and are
far from the asymptotic free-gas value. We conclude that any explanation of the
high-T pressure (or entropy) deficit must be such as to survive the N-->oo
limit. We give some examples of this constraint in action and comment on what
this implies for the relevance of gravity duals.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Small changes to the calculation of the finite
  lattice spacing errors. Added references. Results and conclusions do not
  chang
Hadron masses and matrix elements from the QCD Schr"odinger functional

We explain how masses and matrix elements can be computed in lattice QCD
using Schr"odinger functional boundary conditions. Numerical results in the
quenched approximation demonstrate that good precision can be achieved. For a
statistical sample of the same size, our hadron masses have a precision similar
to what is achieved with standard methods, but for the computation of matrix
elements such as the pseudoscalar decay constant the Schr"odinger functional
technique turns out to be much more efficient than the known alternatives.Comment: 18 pages, late
Leptogenesis, Yukawa Textures and Weak Basis Invariants

We show that a large class of sets of leptonic texture zeros considered in
the literature imply the vanishing of certain CP-odd weak-basis invariants.
These invariant conditions enable one to recognize a flavour model
corresponding to a set of texture zeros, when written in an arbitrary
weak-basis where the zeros are not manifest. We also analyse the r\^ ole of
texture zeros in allowing for a connection between leptogenesis and low-energy
leptonic masses, mixing and CP violation. For some of the textures the
variables relevant for leptogenesis can be fully determined in terms of low
energy parameters and heavy neutrino masses.Comment: 16 pages, no figures. One reference added, version submitted for
  publicatio
On the Wess-Zumino-Witten anomalous functional at finite temperature

We discuss the finite temperature extension of the anomalous Wess-Zumino
-Witten lagrangian. The finite temperature S^1\times S^3 compactification makes
a structure in disconnected sectors, corresponding to different baryon numbers
appear naturally. The consistency of the anomalous functional is proved for
arbitrary baryon number configurations. The anomalous behavior of the
functional is shown to be consistent with the absence of finite temperature
corrections to chiral anomalies in
  QCD, for each baryon number sector.Comment: 16 pages, FT/UCM/9/9
Refined Chern-Simons theory and (q,t)-deformed Yang-Mills theory:
  Semi-classical expansion and planar limit

We study the relationship between refined Chern-Simons theory on lens spaces
S^3/Z_p and (q,t)-deformed Yang-Mills theory on the sphere S^2. We derive the
instanton partition function of (q,t)-deformed U(N) Yang-Mills theory and
describe it explicitly as an analytical continuation of the semi-classical
expansion of refined Chern-Simons theory. The derivations are based on a
generalization of the Weyl character formula to Macdonald polynomials. The
expansion is used to formulate q-generalizations of beta-deformed matrix models
for refined Chern-Simons theory, as well as conjectural formulas for the
chi_y-genus of the moduli space of U(N) instantons on the surface O(-p)--->P^1
for all p which enumerate black hole microstates in refined topological string
theory. We study the large N phase structures of the refined gauge theories,
and match them with refined topological string theory on the resolved conifold.Comment: 19 page
Holography of Wrapped M5-branes and Chern-Simons theory

We study three-dimensional superconformal field theories on wrapped
M5-branes. Applying the gauge/gravity duality and the recently proposed 3d-3d
relation, we deduce quantitative predictions for the perturbative free energy
of a Chern-Simons theory on hyperbolic 3-space. Remarkably, the perturbative
expansion is expected to terminate at two-loops in the large N limit. We check
the correspondence numerically in a number of examples, and confirm the N^3
scaling with precise coefficients.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Some clarifications, references added, misprint
  correcte
Large $A_{t}$ Without the Desert

Even if the unification and supersymmetry breaking scales are around $10^6$
to $10^{9}$ TeV, a large $A_t$ coupling may be entirely generated at low
energies through RGE evolution in the 5D MSSM. Independent of the precise
details of supersymmetry breaking, we take advantage of power law running in
five dimensions and a compactification scale in the $10-10^3$ TeV range to show
how the gluino mass may drive a large enough $A_t$ to achieve the required
$125.5$ GeV Higgs mass. This also allows for sub-TeV stops, possibly observable
at the LHC, and preserving GUT unification, thereby resulting in improved
naturalness properties with respect to the four dimensional MSSM. The results
apply also to models of "split families" in which the first and second
generation matter fields are in the bulk and the third is on the boundary,
which may assist in the generation of light stops whilst satisfying collider
constraints on the first two generations of squarks.Comment: 21 pages, 21 figures. Plots updated to published version, in JHE
Vortex hair on AdS black holes

We analyse vortex hair for charged rotating asymptotically AdS black holes in
the abelian Higgs model. We give analytical and numerical arguments to show how
the vortex interacts with the horizon of the black hole, and how the solution
extends to the boundary. The solution is very close to the corresponding
asymptotically flat vortex, once one transforms to a frame that is non-rotating
at the boundary. We show that there is a Meissner effect for extremal black
holes, with the vortex flux being expelled from sufficiently small black holes.
The phase transition is shown to be first order in the presence of rotation,
but second order without rotation. We comment on applications to holography.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, references adde
Short-range correlations in (e,e'p) and (e,e'pp) reactions on complex nuclei

The influence of short-range correlations (SRC) on the triple-coincidence (e,e'pp) reactions is studied. The non-relativistic model uses a mean-field potential to account for the distortions that the escaping particles undergo. Apart from the SRC, that are implemented through a Jastrow ansatz with a realistic correlation function, we incorporate the contribution from pion exchange and intermediate \Delta _{33} currents. The (e,e'pp) cross sections are predicted to exhibit a sizeable sensitivity to the SRC. The contribution from the two-nucleon breakup channel to the semi-exclusive ^{12}C(e,e'p) cross section is calculated in the kinematics of a recent NIKHEF-K experiment. In the semi-exclusive channel, a selective sensitivity in terms of the missing energy and momentum to the SRC is found
Global velocity field and bubbles in the BCD Mrk86

We have studied the velocity field of the Blue Compact Dwarf galaxy Mrk86 (NGC2537) using data provided by 14 long-slit optical spectra. This kinematical information is complemented with narrow-band ([OIII]5007A and Halpha) and broad-band (B, V, Gunn-r and K) imaging. The analysis of the galaxy global velocity field suggests that the ionized gas could be distributed in a rotating inclined disk, with projected central angular velocity of Omega=34 km/s/kpc. The comparison between the stellar, HI and modeled dark matter density profile, indicates that the total mass within its optical radius is dominated by the stellar component. Peculiarities observed in its velocity field can be explained by irregularities in the ionized gas distribution or local motions induced by star formation. Kinematical evidences for two expanding bubbles, Mrk86-B and Mrk86-C, are given. They show expanding velocities of 34 km/s and 17 km/s, Halpha luminosities of 3x10^38 erg/s and 1.7x10^39 erg/s, and physical radii of 374 and 120 pc, respectively. The change in the [SII]/Halpha, [NII]/Halpha, [OII]/[OIII] and [OIII]/Hbeta line ratios with the distance to the bubble precursor suggests a diminution in the ionization parameter and, in the case of Mrk86-B, an enhancement of the shock-excited gas emission. The optical-near-infrared colours of the bubble precursors are characteristic of low metallicity star forming regions (0.2 Zsun) with burst strengths of about 1 per cent in mass
A superspace formulation of an "asymptotic" $OSp(3,1|2)$ invariance of Yang-Mills theories

We formulate a superspace field theory which is shown to be equivalent to the $c-\bar{c}$ symmetric BRS/Anti-BRS invariant Yang-Mills action. The theory uses a 6-dimensional superspace and one OSp(3,1|2) vector multiplet of unconstrained superfields. We establish a superspace WT identity and show that the formulation has an asymptotic OSp(3,1|2) invariance as the gauge parameter goes to infinity. We give a physical interpretation of this asymptotic OSp(3,1|2) invariance as a symmetry transformation among the longitudinal/time like degrees of freedom of $A_\mu$ and the ghost degrees of freedom
The Chevalley group G_{2}(2) of order 12096 and the octonionic root
  system of E_{7}

The octonionic root system of the exceptional Lie algebra E_8 has been
constructed from the quaternionic roots of F_4 using the Cayley-Dickson
doubling procedure where the roots of E_7 correspond to the imaginary
octonions. It is proven that the automorphism group of the octonionic root
system of E_7 is the adjoint Chevalley group G_2(2) of order 12096. One of the
four maximal subgroups of G_2(2) of order 192 preserves the quaternion
subalgebra of the E_7 root system. The other three maximal subgroups of orders
432,192 and 336 are the automorphism groups of the root systems of the maximal
Lie algebras E_6xU(1), SU(2)xSO(12), and SU(8) respectively. The 7-dimensional
manifolds built with the use of these discrete groups could be of potential
interest for the compactification of the M-theory in 11-dimension
On nonlinear partial differential equations with an infinite-dimensional
  conditional symmetry

The invariance of nonlinear partial differential equations under a certain
infinite-dimensional Lie algebra A_N(z) in N spatial dimensions is studied. The
special case A_1(2) was introduced in J. Stat. Phys. {\bf 75}, 1023 (1994) and
contains the Schr\"odinger Lie algebra sch_1 as a Lie subalgebra. It is shown
that there is no second-order equation which is invariant under the massless
realizations of A_N(z). However, a large class of strongly non-linear partial
differential equations is found which are conditionally invariant with respect
to the massless realization of A_N(z) such that the well-known Monge-Ampere
equation is the required additional condition. New exact solutions are found
for some representatives of this class.Comment: Latex2e, 14 pages, no figures; final for
Frobenius-Schur Indicators and Exponents of Spherical Categories

We obtain two formulae for the higher Frobenius-Schur indicators: one for a
spherical fusion category in terms of the twist of its center and the other one
for a modular tensor category in terms of its twist. The first one is a
categorical generalization of an analogous result by Kashina, Sommerhauser, and
Zhu for Hopf algebras, and the second one extends Bantay's 2nd indicator
formula for a conformal field theory to higher degree. These formulae imply the
sequence of higher indicators of an object in these categories is periodic. We
define the notion of Frobenius-Schur (FS-)exponent of a pivotal category to be
the global period of all these sequences of higher indicators, and we prove
that the FS-exponent of a spherical fusion category is equal to the order of
the twist of its center. Consequently, the FS-exponent of a spherical fusion
category is a multiple of its exponent, in the sense of Etingof, by a factor
not greater than 2. As applications of these results, we prove that the
exponent and the dimension of a semisimple quasi-Hopf algebra H have the same
prime divisors, which answers two questions of Etingof and Gelaki affirmatively
for quasi-Hopf algebras. Moreover, we prove that the FS-exponent of H divides
dim(H)^4. In addition, if H is a group-theoretic quasi-Hopf algebra, the
FS-exponent of H divides dim(H)^2, and this upper bound is shown to be tight.Comment: 32p. LaTex file with macros and figures. Some typos and Thm 8.4 in v2
  have been corrected. The current Thm 8.4 is a combined result of Thms 8.4 and
  8.5 in version
Photoproduction of $\eta$-mesons off C and Cu nuclei for photon energies
  below 1.1 GeV

The $\eta$-meson photoproduction cross sections have been measured on the C
and Cu targets for the photon energies between 600 and 1100 MeV to investigate
the behavior of the $S_{11}$(1535) resonance in a nucleus. The excitation
functions of the cross section as well as the angular and momentum
distributions of $\eta$-mesons are in quantitative agreement with the Quantum
Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model calculations in which the $\eta$-meson emission
processes other than the $S_{11}$(1535) resonance are also incorporated as
proposed in the $\eta$-MAID model. It is shown that the excitation of the
$D_{15}$(1675) resonance might play an important role for $E_{\gamma}>900$ MeV.Comment: 16 pages 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Mechanism of the Hydrophobic Effect in the Biomolecular Recognition of Arylsulfonamides by Carbonic Anhydrase

The hydrophobic effect—a rationalization of the insolubility of nonpolar molecules in water—is centrally important to biomolecular recognition. Despite extensive research devoted to the hydrophobic effect, its molecular mechanisms remain controversial, and there are still no reliably predictive models for its role in protein–ligand binding. Here we describe a particularly well-defined system of protein and ligands—carbonic anhydrase and a series of structurally homologous heterocyclic aromatic sulfonamides—that we use to characterize hydrophobic interactions thermodynamically and structurally. In binding to this structurally rigid protein, a set of ligands (also defined to be structurally rigid) shows the expected gain in binding free energy as hydrophobic surface area is added. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that enthalpy determines these increases in binding affinity, and that changes in the heat capacity of binding are negative. X-ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations are compatible with the proposal that the differences in binding between the homologous ligands stem from changes in the number and organization of water molecules localized in the active site in the bound complexes, rather than (or perhaps in addition to) release of structured water from the apposed hydrophobic surfaces. These results support the hypothesis that structured water molecules—including both the molecules of water displaced by the ligands and those reorganized upon ligand binding—determine the thermodynamics of binding of these ligands at the active site of the protein. Hydrophobic effects in various contexts have different structural and thermodynamic origins, although all may be manifestations of the differences in characteristics of bulk water and water close to hydrophobic surfaces.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog
A Novel Solution to the Klein-Gordon Equation in the Presence of a
  Strong Rotating Electric Field

The Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of a strong electric field, taking
the form of the Mathieu equation, is studied. A novel analytical solution is
derived for particles whose asymptotic energy is much lower or much higher than
the electromagnetic field amplitude. The condition for which the new solution
recovers the familiar Volkov wavefunction naturally follows. When not
satisfied, significant deviation from the Volkov wavefunction is demonstrated.
The new condition is shown to differ by orders of magnitudes from the commonly
used one. As this equation describes (neglecting spin effects) the emission
processes and the particle motion in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) cascades,
our results suggest that the standard theoretical approach towards this
phenomenon should be revised
Analysis of events with $b$-jets and a pair of leptons of the same
  charge in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

An analysis is presented of events containing jets including at least one
$b$-tagged jet, sizeable missing transverse momentum, and at least two leptons
including a pair of the same electric charge, with the scalar sum of the jet
and lepton transverse momenta being large. A data sample with an integrated
luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV recorded
by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used. Standard Model
processes rarely produce these final states, but there are several models of
physics beyond the Standard Model that predict an enhanced rate of production
of such events; the ones considered here are production of vector-like quarks,
enhanced four-top-quark production, pair production of chiral
$b^\prime$-quarks, and production of two positively charged top quarks. Eleven
signal regions are defined; subsets of these regions are combined when
searching for each class of models. In the three signal regions primarily
sensitive to positively charged top quark pair production, the data yield is
consistent with the background expectation. There are more data events than
expected from background in the set of eight signal regions defined for
searching for vector-like quarks and chiral $b^\prime$-quarks, but the
significance of the discrepancy is less than two standard deviations. The
discrepancy reaches 2.5 standard deviations in the set of five signal regions
defined for searching for four-top-quark production. The results are used to
set 95% CL limits on various models.Comment: 36 pages plus author list plus cover pages (59 pages total), 12
  figures, 12 tables, published on JHEP 10 (2015) 150. All figures including
  auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2013-16
Residual Weyl symmetry out of conformal geometry and its BRS structure

The conformal structure of second order in $m$-dimensions together with the
so-called (normal) conformal Cartan connection, is considered as a framework
for gauge theories. The dressing field scheme presented in a previous work
amounts to a decoupling of both the inversion and the Lorentz symmetries such
that the residual gauge symmetry is the Weyl symmetry. On the one hand, it
provides straightforwardly the Riemannian parametrization of the normal
conformal Cartan connection and its curvature. On the other hand, it also
provides the finite transformation laws under the Weyl rescaling of the various
geometric objects involved. Subsequently, the dressing field method is shown to
fit the BRS differential algebra treatment of infinitesimal gauge symmetry. The
dressed ghost field encoding the residual Weyl symmetry is presented. The
related so-called algebraic connection supplies relevant combinations found in
the literature in the algebraic study of the Weyl anomaly.Comment: 25 pages, minor correction in the tex