pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
NMR Based Quantum Information Processing: Achievements and Prospects

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an experimental setting to explore
physical implementations of quantum information processing (QIP). Here we
introduce the basic background for understanding applications of NMR to QIP and
explain their current successes, limitations and potential. NMR spectroscopy is
well known for its wealth of diverse coherent manipulations of spin dynamics.
Ideas and instrumentation from liquid state NMR spectroscopy have been used to
experiment with QIP. This approach has carried the field to a complexity of
about 10 qubits, a small number for quantum computation but large enough for
observing and better understanding the complexity of the quantum world. While
liquid state NMR is the only present-day technology about to reach this number
of qubits, further increases in complexity will require new methods. We sketch
one direction leading towards a scalable quantum computer using spin 1/2
particles. The next step of which is a solid state NMR-based QIP capable of
reaching 10-30 qubits.Comment: Latex2e, 9 figures, 33 pages. Prepared for Fortschritte der Physik
  special issue, Experimental Proposals for Quantum Computatio
Conditional inference and advanced mathematical study: further evidence

This article was published in the journal, Educational Studies in Mathematics [© Springer Science + Business Media B.V.] and the original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/0013-1954/72/2/In this paper, we examine the support given for the ‘theory of formal discipline’ by Inglis and Simpson (Educational Studies Mathematics 2008). This theory, which is widely accepted by mathematicians and curriculum bodies, suggests that the study of advanced mathematics develops general thinking skills and, in particular, conditional reasoning skills. We further examine the idea that the differences between the conditional reasoning behaviour of mathematics and arts undergraduates reported by Inglis and Simpson may be put down to different levels of general intelligence in the two groups. The studies reported in this paper call into question this suggestion, but they also cast doubt on a straightforward version of the theory of formal discipline itself (at least with respect to university study). The paper concludes by suggesting that either a pre-university formal discipline effect or a filtering effect on ‘thinking dispositions’ may give a better account for the findings
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons decaying to two
  bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton-proton
collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons
that in turn each decays into bottom quark-antiquark pairs is performed by the
CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 17.9 inverse femtobarns. No evidence for a signal is observed.
Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section for such
a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these
results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV,
and a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95%
confidence level.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
A new model to predict weak-lensing peak counts II. Parameter constraint
  strategies

Peak counts have been shown to be an excellent tool to extract the
non-Gaussian part of the weak lensing signal. Recently, we developped a fast
stochastic forward model to predict weak-lensing peak counts. Our model is able
to reconstruct the underlying distribution of observables for analyses. In this
work, we explore and compare various strategies for constraining parameter
using our model, focusing on the matter density $\Omega_\mathrm{m}$ and the
density fluctuation amplitude $\sigma_8$. First, we examine the impact from the
cosmological dependency of covariances (CDC). Second, we perform the analysis
with the copula likelihood, a technique which makes a weaker assumption
compared to the Gaussian likelihood. Third, direct, non-analytic parameter
estimations are applied using the full information of the distribution. Fourth,
we obtain constraints with approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), an
efficient, robust, and likelihood-free algorithm based on accept-reject
sampling. We find that neglecting the CDC effect enlarges parameter contours by
22%, and that the covariance-varying copula likelihood is a very good
approximation to the true likelihood. The direct techniques work well in spite
of noisier contours. Concerning ABC, the iterative process converges quickly to
a posterior distribution that is in an excellent agreement with results from
our other analyses. The time cost for ABC is reduced by two orders of
magnitude. The stochastic nature of our weak-lensing peak count model allows us
to use various techniques that approach the true underlying probability
distribution of observables, without making simplifying assumptions. Our work
can be generalized to other observables where forward simulations provide
samples of the underlying distribution.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted versio
New extremal binary self-dual codes from a modified four circulant
  construction

In this work, we propose a modified four circulant construction for self-dual
codes and a bordered version of the construction using the properties of
\lambda-circulant and \lambda-reverse circulant matrices. By using the
constructions on $F_2$, we obtain new binary codes of lengths 64 and 68. We
also apply the constructions to the ring $R_2$ and considering the $F_2$ and
$R_1$-extensions, we obtain new singly-even extremal binary self-dual codes of
lengths 66 and 68. More precisely, we find 3 new codes of length 64, 15 new
codes of length 66 and 22 new codes of length 68. These codes all have weight
enumerators with parameters that were not known to exist in the literature.Comment: 7 table
CSO$_c$ superpotentials

Motivated by their application to holographic RG flows and hairy black holes
in Einstein-scalar systems, we present a collection of superpotentials driving
the dynamics of $\mathcal{N}=2$ and $\mathcal{N}=1$ four-dimensional
supergravities. These theories arise as consistent truncations of the
electric/magnetic families of $\textrm{CSO}(p,q,r)_{c}$ maximal supergravities,
with ${p+q+r=8}$, discovered by Dall'Agata et al. The $\mathcal{N}=2$ and
$\mathcal{N}=1$ truncations describe $\textrm{SU}(3)$ and $\mathbb{Z}_{2}
\times \textrm{SO}(3)$ invariant sectors, respectively, and contain AdS$_4$
solutions preserving $\mathcal{N}=1,2,3,4$ supersymmetry within the full
theories, as well as various gauge symmetries. Realisations in terms of
non-geometric type IIB as well as geometric massive type IIA backgrounds are
also discussed. The aim of this note is to provide easy to handle
superpotentials that facilitate the study of gravitational and gauge aspects of
the $\textrm{CSO}(p,q,r)_{c}$ maximal supergravities avoiding the
technicalities required in their construction.Comment: 10 pages, 1 table. v2: Published versio
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlation structures in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7<pT,assoc<pT,trig<5.0 GeV/c0.7<pT,assoc<pT,trig<5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.9|η|<0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation
Light vector meson production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The ALICE experiment has measured low-mass dimuon production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV in the dimuon rapidity region 2.5 < y < 4. The observed dimuon mass spectrum is described as a superposition of resonance decays (η, ρ, ω, η�, φ) into muons and semi-leptonic decays of charmed mesons. The measured production cross sections for ω and φ are σω(1 < pt <5 GeV/c, 2.5 < y < 4) = 5.28±0.54(stat)±0.49(syst) mb and σφ(1 < pt <5 GeV/c, 2.5 < y < 4) = 0.940 ± 0.084(stat) ± 0.076(syst) mb. The differential cross sections d2σ/dy dpt are extracted as a function of pt for ω and φ. The ratio between the ρ and ω cross section is obtained. Results for the φ are compared with other measurements at the same energy and with predictions by models
Nucleation of superconductivity in a mesoscopic triangle

The nucleation of superconductivity in a mesoscopic equilateral triangle is studied experimentally by transport measurements and theoretically by using the linearized Ginzburg-Landau equation. The voltage and current leads, intrinsic to transport measurements. give rise to a broadening of the resistive transition R(T). However, by choosing the right resistance criterion to determine the experimental superconducting/normal phase boundary T-c(H) and by reducing the coupling between the triangle and the contacts, achieved by changing the shape of the contacts, this influence can be minimized. From the theoretical study, we found that the trigonal symmetry of the sample has a profound effect on the superconducting state in the presence of a magnetic field H leading, in particular. to the formation of antivortices in symmetry-consistent states. A good agreement between the theory and the experimental T-c(H) data is observed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
Influence of organic matter transformations on the bioavailability of heavy metals

6 páginas, 3 tablas.The agricultural use of anaerobically digested sewage sludge (ADSS) as stable, mature compost implies knowing its total content in heavy metals and their bioavailability. This depends not only on the initial characteristics of the composted substrates but also on the organic matter transformations during composting which may influence the chemical form of the metals and their bioavailability.\ud
The objective of this work was to examine the relationships between the changes in the organic matter content and humus fractions, and the bioavailability of heavy metals.\ud
A detailed sampling at 0, 14, 84, and 140 days of the composting process was performed to measure C contents in humic acids (HAs), fulvic acids, (FAs) and humin, the total content of Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd, and also their distribution into mobile and mobilisable (MB), and low bioavailability (LB) forms.\ud
Significant changes of C contents in HA, FA, and Humin, and in the FA/HA, HA/Humin and Chumus/TOC ratios were observed during composting. The MB and LB fractions of each metal also varied significantly during composting. The MB fraction increased for Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd, and the LB fraction increased for Pb.\ud
Stepwise linear regressions and quadratic curve estimation conducted on the MB and LB fractions of each metal as dependent on the measured organic variables suggested that Zn bioavailability was mainly associated to percentage of C in FAs. Bioavailability of Cu, Ni and Cd during composting was associated to humin and HAs. Pb concentration increased in the LB form, and its variations followed a quadratic\ud
function with the Chumus/TOC ratio. Our results suggest that the composting process renders the metals in more available forms. The main forms of metal binding in the sludge and their availability in the final\ud
compost may be better described when metal fractionation obtained in sequential extraction and humus fractionation during composting are considered together.This work was part of the Generalitat Valenciana projects IIARCO2004-A-196, IIARCO2004-A-212, and IIARCO/2004/213, and\ud
the national project 135/2004/3 (Ministerio de Medio Ambiente). We thank FACSA Sewage Treatment Plant (Castellón, Spain), and\ud
University Jaume I of Castellón (Spain) for providing materials and technical assistance. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the manuscript.Peer reviewe
Brasiliensin: A novel intestinal thrombin inhibitor from Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera : Reduviidae) with an important role in blood intake

Every hematophagous invertebrate studied to date produces at least one inhibitor of coagulation. Among these, thrombin inhibitors have most frequently been isolated. in order to study the thrombin inhibitor from Triatoma brasiliensis and its biological significance for the bug, we sequenced the corresponding gene and evaluated its biological function. the T. brasiliensis intestinal thrombin inhibitor, termed brasiliensin, was sequenced and primers were designed to synthesize double strand RNA (dsRNA). Gene knockdown (RNAi) was induced by two injections of 15 mu g of dsRNA into fourth instar nymphs. Forty-eight hours after the second injection, bugs from each group were allowed to feed on hamsters. PCR results showed that injections of dsRNA reduced brasiliensin expression in the anterior midgut by approximately 71% in knockdown nymphs when compared with controls. the reduction in gene expression was confirmed by the thrombin inhibitory activity assay and the citrated plasma coagulation time assay which showed activity reductions of similar to 18- and similar to 3.5-fold, respectively. Knockdown nymphs ingested approximately 39% less blood than controls. in order to confirm the importance of brasiliensin in blood ingestion, fourth instar nymphs were allowed to ingest feeding solution alone or feeding solution containing 15 U of thrombin prior to blood feeding. Fifty-five percent less blood was ingested by nymphs which were fed thrombin prior to blood feeding. the results suggest that anticoagulant activity in the midgut is an important determinant of the amount of blood taken from the host. the role of anticoagulants during blood ingestion is discussed in the light of this novel insight. (c) 2007 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, BR-6627 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Bioquim, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Electron transport through Al–ZnO–Al: an ab initio calculation

The electron transport properties of ZnO nanowires coupled by two aluminum electrodes were studied by ab initio method based on nonequilibrium Green’s function approach and density functional theory. A clearly rectifying current-voltage characteristics was observed. It was found that the contact interfaces between Al–O and Al–Zn play important roles in the charge transport at low bias voltage and give very asymmetric I-V characteristics. When the bias voltage increases, the negative differential resistance occurs at negative bias voltage. The charge accumulation was calculated and its behavior was found to be well correlated with the I-V characteristics. We have also calculated the electrochemical capacitance which exhibits three plateaus at different bias voltages which may have potential device application.published_or_final_versio
Discovery of VHE emission towards the carina arm region with the H.E.S.S. telescope array: HESS J1018-589

The Carina arm region, containing the supernova remnant SNR G284.3–1.8, the high-energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) binary 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and the energetic pulsar PSR J1016–5857 and its nebula, has been observed with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. The observational coverage of the region in very-high-energy (VHE; E > 0.1 TeV) γ-rays benefits from deep exposure (40 h) of the neighboring open cluster Westerlund 2. The observations have revealed a new extended region of VHE γ-ray emission. The new VHE source HESS J1018–589 shows a bright, point-like emission region positionally coincident with SNR G284.3–1.8 and 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and a diffuse extension towards the direction of PSR J1016–5857. A soft (Γ = 2.7 ± 0.5stat) photon index, with a differential flux at 1 TeV of N0 = (4.2 ± 1.1) × 10-13 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1 is found for the point-like source, whereas the total emission region including the diffuse emission region is well fit by a power-law function with spectral index Γ = 2.9 ± 0.4stat and differential flux at 1 TeV of N0 = (6.8 ± 1.6) × 10-13 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. This H.E.S.S. detection motivated follow-up X-ray observations with the XMM-Newton satellite to investigate the origin of the VHE emission. The analysis of the XMM-Newton data resulted in the discovery of a bright, non-thermal point-like source (XMMU J101855.4–58564) with a photon index of Γ = 1.65 ± 0.08 in the center of SNR G284.3–1.8, and a thermal, extended emission region coincident with its bright northern filament. The characteristics of this thermal emission are used to estimate the plasma density in the region as n ≈ 0.5 cm-3 (2.9 kpc/d)2. The position of XMMU J101855.4–58564 is compatible with the position reported by the Fermi-LAT collaboration for the binary system 1FGL J1018.6–5856 and the variable Swift XRT source identified with it. The new X-ray data are used alongside archival multi-wavelength data to investigate the relationship between the VHE γ-ray emission from HESS J1018–589 and the various potential counterparts in the Carina arm region.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201218843http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2012/05/aa18843-12.pd
Long-term monitoring of PKS2155-304 with ATOM and H.E.S.S.: investigation of optical/y-ray correlations in different spectral states

In this paper we report on the analysis of all the available optical and very high-energy 
y-ray (>200 GeV) data for the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304,
collected simultaneously with the ATOM and H.E.S.S. telescopes from 2007 until 2009. This study also includes X-ray (RXTE, Swift) and high-energy y-ray (Fermi-LAT) data. During the period analysed, the source was transitioning from its flaring to quiescent optical states, and was
characterized by only moderate flux changes at different wavelengths on the timescales of days and months. A flattening of the optical continuum
with an increasing optical flux can be noted in the collected dataset, but only occasionally and only at higher flux levels. We did not find any
universal relation between the very high-energy y-ray and optical flux changes on the timescales from days and weeks up to several years. On
the other hand, we noted that at higher flux levels the source can follow two distinct tracks in the optical flux–colour diagrams, which seem to be
related to distinct y-ray states of the blazar. The obtained results therefore indicate a complex scaling between the optical and y-ray emission of
PKS 2155-304, with different correlation patterns holding at different epochs, and a y-ray flux depending on the combination of an optical flux
and colour rather than a flux aloneThe support of the Namibian authorities and of the
University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S.
is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry
for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the French
Ministry for Research, the CNRS-IN2P3 and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary
Programme of the CNRS, the U.K. Science and Technology Facilities Council
(STFC), the IPNP of the Charles University, the Czech Science Foundation, the
Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the South African Department
of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and by the
University of Namibia.http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424142http://www.aanda.org
Dyke Emplacement and Hazard at Stromboli

In February 2007, two effusive vents opened along the flank of Sciara del Fuoco (SdF) depression at Stromboli. The summit craters collapsed, obstructing the central conduit, choking the vents and increasing the deformation within SdF. Here a new vent opened, releasing the excess magmatic pressure.  The eruption continued, after a summit explosion, until April. The vents were fed by laterally propagating dykes. Vent location is similar to that of the 2002-2003 eruption, fed by dykes triggering landslides, which in turn produced a tsunami. However, the 2007 eruption did not develop landslides, suggesting that their triggering also depends on other factors, (i.e. magmatic pressure)
Seismic images of an extensional basin, generated at the hangingwall of a low-angle normal fault: the case of the Sansepolcro basin (Central Italy)

The study of syntectonic basins, generated at the hanging-wall of regional low-angle detachments, can help to gain a better knowledge of these important and mechanically controversial extensional structures, constraining their kinematics and timing of activity.
Seismic reflection images constrain the geometry and internal structure of the Sansepolcro Basin (the northernmost portion of the High Tiber Valley). This basin was generated at the hangingwall of the Altotiberina Fault (AtF), an E-dipping low-angle normal fault, active at least since Late Pliocene, affecting the upper crust of this portion of the Northern Apennines. 
The dataset analysed consists of 5 seismic reflection lines acquired in the 80s’ by ENI-Agip for oil exploration and a portion of the NVR deep CROP03 profile. The interpretation of the seismic profiles provides a 3-D reconstruction of the basin’s shape and of the sedimentary succession infilling the basin. This consisting of up to 1200 m of fluvial and lacustrine sediments: this succession is much thicker and possibly older than previously hypothesised. The seismic data also image the geometry at depth of the faults driving the basin onset and evolution. The western flank is bordered by a set of E-dipping normal faults, producing the uplifting and tilting of Early to Middle Pleistocene succession along the Anghiari ridge. Along the eastern flank, the sediments are markedly dragged along the SW-dipping Sansepolcro fault. Both NE- and SW-dipping faults splay out from the NE-dipping, low-angle Altotiberina fault. Both AtF and its high-angle splays are still active, as suggested by combined geological and geomorphological evidences: the historical seismicity of the area can be reasonably associated to these faults, however the available data do not constrain a unambiguous association between the single structural elements and the major earthquakes