pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for W' -> tb in the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of root √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, called W' , is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV, using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. This analysis searches for W' bosons in the W' → tb decay channel in final states with electrons or muons, using a multivariate method based on boosted decision trees. The search covers masses between 0.5 and 3.0 TeV, for right-handed or left-handed W' bosons. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed and limits are set on the W' → tb cross-section times branching ratio and on the W' -boson effective couplings as a function of the W' -boson mass using the CLs procedure. For a left-handed (right-handed) W boson, masses below 1.70 (1.92) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence levelWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZŠ, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of Americ
Reconciling qualitative storylines and quantitative descriptions : an iterative approach

Energy system transition research has been experimenting with the integration of qualitative and quantitative analysis due to the increased articulation it provides. Current approaches tend to be heavily biased by qualitative or quantitative methodologies, and more often are aimed toward a single academic discipline. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary methodology for the elaboration of energy system sociotechnical scenarios, applied here to the low carbon transition of the UK. An iterative approach was used to produce quantitative descriptions of the UK's energy transition out to 2050, building on qualitative storylines or narratives that had been developed through the formal application of a transition pathways approach. The combination of the qualitative and quantitative analysis in this way subsequently formed the cornerstone of wider interdisciplinary research, helping to harmonise assumptions, and facilitating 'whole systems' thinking. The methodology pulls on niche expertise of contributors to map and investigate the governance and technological landscape of a system change. Initial inconsistencies were found between energy supply and demand and addressed, the treatment of gas generation, capacity factors, total installed generating capacity, installation rates of renewables employed and the amount of electricity used by battery electric vehicles. Knowledge gaps relating to the operation of combined heat and power, sources of waste heat and future fuel sources were also investigated. By adopting the methodological approached to integrate qualitative and quantitative analysis the resulting elaboration is far more comprehensive, providing a stronger basis for wider research, and for deducing more robust insights for decision-making. It is asserted that this formal process helps build robust future scenarios not only for socio political storylines but also for the quantification of any qualitative storyline
The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Ability of Helminths to Modulate Allergic Inflammation

SummaryIntestinal helminths are potent regulators of their host’s immune system and can ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. In the present study we have assessed whether this anti-inflammatory activity was purely intrinsic to helminths, or whether it also involved crosstalk with the local microbiota. We report that chronic infection with the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) altered the intestinal habitat, allowing increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Transfer of the Hpb-modified microbiota alone was sufficient to mediate protection against allergic asthma. The helminth-induced anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and regulatory T cell suppressor activity that mediated the protection required the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)-41. A similar alteration in the metabolic potential of intestinal bacterial communities was observed with diverse parasitic and host species, suggesting that this represents an evolutionary conserved mechanism of host-microbe-helminth interactions
Measurement of the W charge asymmetry in the W→μν decay mode in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter reports a measurement of the muon charge asymmetry from W bosons produced in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The asymmetry is measured in the W→μν decay mode as a function of the muon pseudorapidity using a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 31 pb−1. The results are compared to predictions based on next-to-leading order calculations with various parton distribution functions. This measurement provides information on the u and d quark momentum fractions in the proton
Search for lepton flavor and lepton number violating τ decays into a lepton and two charged mesons

AbstractWe search for lepton flavor and lepton number violating τ decays into a lepton (ℓ=electron or muon) and two charged mesons (h,h′=π± or K±), τ−→ℓ−h+h′− and τ−→ℓ+h−h′−, using 671 fb−1 of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. We obtain 90% C.L. upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (4.4–8.8)×10−8 for τ→ehh′, and (3.3–16)×10−8 for τ→μhh′ processes. These results improve upon previously published upper limits by factors between 1.6 to 8.8
Space–time dimensionality from brane collisions

AbstractCollisions and subsequent decays of higher dimensional branes leave behind three-dimensional branes and anti-branes, one of which could play the rôle of our universe. This process also leads to the production of one-dimensional branes and anti-branes, however their number is expected to be suppressed. Brane collisions may also lead to the formation of bound states of branes. Their existence does not alter this result, it just allows for the existence of one-dimensional branes captured within the three-dimensional ones
Distinct Shifts in Microbiota Composition during Drosophila Aging Impair Intestinal Function and Drive Mortality

SummaryAlterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been correlated with aging and measures of frailty in the elderly. However, the relationships between microbial dynamics, age-related changes in intestinal physiology, and organismal health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, characterized by an expansion of the Gammaproteobacteria, is tightly linked to age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction in Drosophila. Indeed, alterations in the microbiota precede and predict the onset of intestinal barrier dysfunction in aged flies. Changes in microbial composition occurring prior to intestinal barrier dysfunction contribute to changes in excretory function and immune gene activation in the aging intestine. In addition, we show that a distinct shift in microbiota composition follows intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to systemic immune activation and organismal death. Our results indicate that alterations in microbiota dynamics could contribute to and also predict varying rates of health decline during aging in mammals
Structural Insights into the Mechanism and Inhibition of the β-Hydroxydecanoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Dehydratase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

AbstractFatty acid biosynthesis is an essential component of metabolism in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of Gram-negative bacteria is an established therapeutic target. Two homologous enzymes FabA and FabZ catalyze a key step in fatty acid biosynthesis; both dehydrate hydroxyacyl fatty acids that are coupled via a phosphopantetheine to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). The resulting trans-2-enoyl-ACP is further polymerized in a processive manner. FabA, however, carries out a second reaction involving isomerization of trans-2-enoyl fatty acid to cis-3-enoyl fatty acid. We have solved the structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FabA with a substrate allowing detailed molecular insight into the interactions of the active site. This has allowed a detailed examination of the factors governing the second catalytic step. We have also determined the structure of FabA in complex with small molecules (so-called fragments). These small molecules occupy distinct regions of the active site and form the basis for a rational inhibitor design program
Impact of New Transport Infrastructure on Walking, Cycling, and Physical Activity

IntroductionWalking and cycling bring health and environmental benefits, but there is little robust evidence that changing the built environment promotes these activities in populations. This study evaluated the effects of new transport infrastructure on active commuting and physical activity.Study designQuasi-experimental analysis nested within a cohort study.Setting/participantsFour hundred and sixty-nine adult commuters, recruited through a predominantly workplace-based strategy, who lived within 30 kilometers of Cambridge, United Kingdom and worked in areas of the city to be served by the new transport infrastructure.InterventionThe Cambridgeshire Guided Busway opened in 2011 and comprised a new bus network and a traffic-free walking and cycling route. Exposure to the intervention was defined using the shortest distance from each participant’s home to the busway.Main outcome measuresChange in weekly time spent in active commuting between 2009 and 2012, measured by validated 7-day recall instrument. Secondary outcomes were changes in total weekly time spent walking and cycling and in recreational and overall physical activity, measured using the validated Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in 2014.ResultsIn multivariable multinomial regression models—adjusted for potential sociodemographic, geographic, health, and workplace confounders; baseline active commuting; and home or work relocation—exposure to the busway was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of an increase in weekly cycle commuting time (relative risk ratio=1.34, 95% CI=1.03, 1.76) and with an increase in overall time spent in active commuting among the least active commuters at baseline (relative risk ratio=1.76, 95% CI=1.16, 2.67). The study found no evidence of changes in recreational or overall physical activity.ConclusionsProviding new sustainable transport infrastructure was effective in promoting an increase in active commuting. These findings provide new evidence to support reconfiguring transport systems as part of public health improvement strategies
A description of multicharged black holes in terms of branes and antibranes

AbstractWe describe multicharged black holes in terms of branes and antibranes together with multiple copies of gas of massless excitations. Assuming that energies of these copies of gas are all equal, we find that the entropy of the brane–antibrane configuration agrees with that of the multicharged black hole in supergravity approximation, upto a factor X. We find that X=1 for a suitable normalisation which admits a simple empirical interpretation that the available gas energy is all taken by one single gas which is, in a sense, a certain superposition of the multiple copies; and that the brane tensions are decreased by a factor of 4. This interpretation renders superfluous the assumption of equal energies, which is unnatural from a physical point of view
MODSSO–A Manager-centric Global Decision Support System for Organizations

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to describe a set of structured concepts for the design of software systems supporting the global decision process in an enterprise or organization. The concepts has as elements: i) each manager has available a decision dashboard to support, in a framework of decision theory, the flux of decision-making for which he or she is responsible; ii) the dashboards also allow managers crowdsourcing from non-managers different aspects of decision iii) the dashboards are connected in a conversational network; iv) this conversational network is so structured to support the global decision process of the organization. An example of implementation's architecture for the concept will be described
First πK atom lifetime and πK scattering length measurements

AbstractThe results of a search for hydrogen-like atoms consisting of π∓K± mesons are presented. Evidence for πK atom production by 24 GeV/c protons from CERN PS interacting with a nickel target has been seen in terms of characteristic πK pairs from their breakup in the same target (178±49) as well as in terms of produced πK atoms (653±42). Using these results, the analysis yields a first value for the πK atom lifetime of τ=(2.5−1.8+3.0) fs and a first measurement of the S-wave isospin-odd πK scattering length |a0−|=13|a1/2−a3/2|=(0.11−0.04+0.09)Mπ−1 (aI for isospin I)
Reducing analogue trauma symptoms by computerized reappraisal training – Considering a cognitive prophylaxis?

AbstractBackground and objectivesDistressing intrusions are a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunctional appraisal of these symptoms may exacerbate the disorder, and conversely may lead to further intrusive memories. This raises the intriguing possibility that learning to ‘reappraise’ potential symptoms more functionally may protect against such symptoms. Woud, Holmes, Postma, Dalgleish, and Mackintosh (2012) found that ‘reappraisal training’ when delivered after an analogue stressful event reduced later intrusive memories and other posttraumatic symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate whether reappraisal training administered before a stressful event is also beneficial.MethodsParticipants first received positive or negative reappraisal training (CBM-App training) using a series of scripted vignettes. Subsequently, participants were exposed to a film with traumatic content. Effects of the CBM-App training procedure were assessed via three distinct outcome measures, namely: (a) post-training appraisals of novel ambiguous vignettes, (b) change scores on the Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), and (c) intrusive symptom diary.ResultsCBM-App training successfully induced training-congruent appraisal styles. Moreover, those trained positively reported less distress arising from their intrusive memories of the trauma film during the subsequent week than those trained negatively. However, the induced appraisal bias only partly affected PTCI scores.LimitationsParticipants used their own negative event as a reference for the PTCI assessments. The events may have differed regarding their emotional impact. There was no control group.ConclusionsCBM-App training has also some beneficial effects when applied before a stressful event and may serve as a cognitive prophylaxis against trauma-related symptomatology
Differential sympathetic activation induced by intermittent hypoxia and sleep loss in rats: Action of angiotensin (1–7)

AbstractThe present study attempted to evaluate the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) associated with sleep restriction in hemodynamic parameters and the plasma renin–angiotensin system. Wistar–Hannover rats were submitted to isolated CIH exposure (1000–1600h), sleep restriction (1600–1000h), defined as 18-h paradoxical sleep deprivation followed by 6-h sleep permission period and CIH associated to sleep restriction for 21days. The CIH and sleep restriction group showed a preferential increase in renal sympathetic nervous system (rSNA) associated with a reduction in plasma angiotensin (1–7) concentrations. However, CIH-sleep restriction rats did not modify rSNA and showed a higher angiotensin (1–7) concentration when compared to isolated CIH and sleep restriction. These results suggest that CIH and sleep restriction impaired the cardiovascular system, and its association to sleep loss can modify these effects by partially restoring circulating angiotensin (1–7)
Opposing Transcriptional Outputs of Hedgehog Signaling and Engrailed Control Compartmental Cell Sorting at the Drosophila A/P Boundary

AbstractThe wing imaginal disc is subdivided into two nonintermingling sets of cells, the anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments. Anterior cells require reception of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal to segregate from P cells. We provide evidence that Hh signaling controls A/P cell segregation not by directly modifying structural components but by a Cubitus interruptus (Ci)-mediated transcriptional response. A shift in the balance between repressor and activator forms of Ci toward the activator form is necessary and sufficient to define “A-type” cell sorting behavior. Moreover, we show that Engrailed (En), in the absence of Ci, is sufficient to specify “P-type” sorting. We propose that the opposing transcriptional activities of Ci and En control cell segregation at the A/P boundary by regulating a single cell adhesion molecule
Higgs–Dilaton cosmology: Are there extra relativistic species?

AbstractRecent analyses of cosmological data suggest the presence of an extra relativistic component beyond the Standard Model content. The Higgs–Dilaton cosmological model predicts the existence of a massless particle – the dilaton – associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance and undetectable by any accelerator experiment. Its ultrarelativistic character makes it a suitable candidate for contributing to the effective number of light degrees of freedom in the Universe. In this Letter we analyze the dilaton production at the (p)reheating stage right after inflation and conclude that no extra relativistic degrees of freedom beyond those already present in the Standard Model are expected within the simplest Higgs–Dilaton scenario. The elusive dilaton remains thus essentially undetectable by any particle physics experiment or cosmological observation
Five dimensional O(N)-symmetric CFTs from conformal bootstrap

AbstractWe investigate the conformal bootstrap approach to O(N) symmetric CFTs in five dimensions with particular emphasis on the lower bound on the current central charge. The bound has a local minimum for all N>1, and in the large N limit we propose that the minimum is saturated by the critical O(N) vector model at the UV fixed point, the existence of which has been recently argued by Fei, Giombi, and Klebanov. The location of the minimum is generically different from the minimum of the lower bound of the energy–momentum tensor central charge when it exists for smaller N. To better understand the situation, we examine the lower bounds of the current central charge of O(N) symmetric CFTs in three dimensions to compare. We find the similar agreement in the large N limit but the discrepancy for smaller N with the other sectors of the conformal bootstrap
Informal m-health: How are young people using mobile phones to bridge healthcare gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa?

AbstractThe African communications ‘revolution’ has generated optimism that mobile phones might help overcome infrastructural barriers to healthcare provision in resource-poor contexts. However, while formal m-health programmes remain limited in coverage and scope, young people are using mobile phones creatively and strategically in an attempt to secure effective healthcare. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in 2012–2014 from over 4500 young people (aged 8–25 y) in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa, this paper documents these practices and the new therapeutic opportunities they create, alongside the constraints, contingencies and risks. We argue that young people are endeavouring to lay claim to a digitally-mediated form of therapeutic citizenship, but that a lack of appropriate resources, social networks and skills (‘digital capital’), combined with ongoing shortcomings in healthcare delivery, can compromise their ability to do this effectively. The paper concludes by offering tentative suggestions for remedying this situation
Mitochondrial protein import: Differential recognition of various transport intermediates by antibodies

AbstractThe precursors of the mitochondrial proteins ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) and F1-ATPase subunit β (F1β) were accumulated at the stages of binding to receptor sites on the mitochondrial outer membrane, or in contact sites between outer and inner membranes. Specific antibodies raised against the mature proteins were added to the isolated mitochondria and efficiently bound to these translocation intermediates. Further movement of the precursors to consecutive steps along their import pathway was thereby inhibited. Controls showed that precursor proteins which were inserted into or translocated across the outer membrane were not recognized by the antibodies unless the mitochondrial membranes were disrupted. We conclude that the trapped translocation intermediates have antigenic sites exposed to the outside of the outer membrane
Measurement of the W→τντ cross section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

AbstractThe cross section for the production of W bosons with subsequent decay W→τντ is measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on a data sample that was recorded in 2010 at a proton–proton center-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb−1. The cross section is measured in a region of high detector acceptance and then extrapolated to the full phase space. The product of the total W production cross section and the W→τντ branching ratio is measured to be σW→τντtot=11.1±0.3(stat)±1.7(syst)±0.4(lumi) nb
Supergravity one-loop corrections on AdS7 and AdS3, higher spins and AdS/CFT

AbstractAs was shown earlier, the one-loop correction in 10d supergravity on AdS5×S5 corresponds to the contributions to the vacuum energy and 4d boundary conformal anomaly which are minus the values for one N=4 Maxwell supermultiplet, thus reproducing the subleading term in the N2−1 coefficient in the dual SU(N) SYM theory. We perform similar one-loop computations in 11d supergravity on AdS7×S4 and 10d supergravity on AdS3×S3×T4. In the AdS7 case we find that the corrections to the 6d conformal anomaly a-coefficient and the vacuum energy are again minus the ones for one (2,0) tensor multiplet, suggesting that the total a-anomaly coefficient for the dual (2,0) theory is 4N3−9/4N−7/4 and thus vanishes for N=1. In the AdS3 case the one-loop correction to the vacuum energy or 2d central charge turns out to be equal to that of one free (4,4) scalar multiplet, i.e. is c=+6. This reproduces the subleading term in the central charge c=6(Q1Q5+1) of the dual 2d CFT describing decoupling limit of D5–D1 system. We also present the expressions for the 6d a-anomaly coefficient and vacuum energy contributions of general-symmetry higher spin field in AdS7 and consider their application to tests of vectorial AdS/CFT with the boundary conformal 6d theory represented by free scalars, spinors or rank-2 antisymmetric tensors