pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the low-mass Drell-Yan differential cross section at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The differential cross section for the process Z/γ ∗ → ℓℓ (ℓ = e, μ) as a function of dilepton invariant mass is measured in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ATLAS detector. The measurement is performed in the e and μ channels for invariant masses between 26 GeV and 66 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.6 fb⎺¹ collected in 2011 and these measurements are combined. The analysis is extended to invariant masses as low as 12 GeV in the muon channel using 35 pb⎺¹ of data collected in 2010. The cross sections are determined within fiducial acceptance regions and corrections to extrapolate the measurements to the full kinematic range are provided. Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD predictions provide a significantly better description of the results than next-to-leading-order QCD calculations, unless the latter are matched to a parton shower calculation
Generalised integrable λ- and η-deformations and their relation

We construct two-parameter families of integrable λ  -deformations of two-dimensional field theories. These interpolate between a CFT (a WZW/gauged WZW model) and the non-Abelian T-dual of a principal chiral model on a group/symmetric coset space. In examples based on the SU(2) WZW model and the SU(2)/U(1) exact coset CFT, we show that these deformations are related to bi-Yang–Baxter generalisations of η-deformations via Poisson–Lie T-duality and analytic continuation. We illustrate the quantum behaviour of our models under RG flow. As a byproduct we demonstrate that the bi-Yang–Baxter σ-model for a general group is one-loop renormalisable
The universal initial mass function in the extended ultraviolet disk of M83

We report deep Subaru Hα observations of the extended ultraviolet (XUV) disk of M83. These new observations enable the first complete census of very young stellar clusters over the entire XUV disk. Combining Subaru and Galaxy Evolution Explorer data with a stellar population synthesis model, we find that (1) the standard, but stochastically sampled, initial mass function (IMF) is preferred over the truncated IMF because there are low-mass stellar clusters (10^2-3 M_☉) that host massive O-type stars; (2) the standard Salpeter IMF and a simple aging effect explain the counts of far-UV (FUV)-bright and Hα-bright clusters with masses >10^3 M_☉; and (3) the Hα-to-FUV flux ratio over the XUV disk supports the standard IMF. To reach conclusion (2), we assumed instantaneous cluster formation and a constant cluster formation rate over the XUV disk. The Subaru Prime Focus Camera covers a large area even outside the XUV disk—far beyond the detection limit of the H I gas. This enables us to statistically separate the stellar clusters in the disk from background contamination. The new data, model, and previous spectroscopic studies provide overall consistent results with respect to the internal dust extinction (A V ~ 0.1 mag) and low metallicity (~0.2 Z_☉) using the dust extinction curve of the Small Magellanic Cloud. The minimum cluster mass for avoiding the upper IMF incompleteness due to stochastic sampling and the spectral energy distributions of O, B, and A stars are discussed in the Appendices
Hybrid coronary revascularization: promising, but yet to take off

Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) combines arterial coronary artery bypass surgery (most commonly minimally invasive) and percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of a particular subset of multivessel coronary artery disease. It was first introduced in the mid-1990s, and aspired to bring together the "best of both worlds": the excellent patency rates and survival benefits associated with the durable left internal mammary artery graft to the left anterior descending artery alongside the good patency rates of drug-eluting stents, which outlive saphenous vein grafts to non-left anterior descending vessels. Although in theory this is a very attractive revascularization strategy, several years later, only one small randomized controlled trial comparing HCR with coronary artery bypass grafting has recently emerged in the medical literature, raising concerns regarding HCR's role and generalizability. In the current review, we discuss HCR's rationale, the current evidence behind it, its limitations and procedural challenges
Symmetry breaking caused by large ℛ-charge

We discuss the gauge symmetry breaking via the Hosotani mechanism by using exact results on supersymmetric gauge theories based on the localization method. We use the theories on S 2 × S 1 Euclidean space, and study how the effective potential for the Wilson line phase varies by running an imaginary chemical potential. In order to break the symmetry, we find that large ℛ-charge is necessary. With such large ℛ-charge, we study the phase structure of the theory. In addition, we observed that a finite size effect on our curved space when we take ℛ-charge is not so large
Precise measurement of the 222 Rn half-life: A probe to monitor the stability of radioactivity

We give the results of a study on the 222 Rn decay we performed in the Gran Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) by detecting the gamma rays from the radon progeny. The motivation was to monitor the stability of radioactivity measuring several times per year the half-life of a short lifetime (days) source instead of measuring over a long period the activity of a long lifetime (tens or hundreds of years) source. In particular, we give a possible reason of the large periodical fluctuations in the count rate of the gamma rays due to radon inside a closed canister which has been described in literature and which has been attributed to a possible influence of a component in the solar irradiation affecting the nuclear decay rates. We then provide the result of four half-life measurements we performed underground at LNGS in the period from May 2014 to January 2015 with radon diffused into olive oil. Briefly, we did not measure any change of the 222 Rn half-life with a 8⋅10−5 precision. Finally, we provide the most precise value for the 222 Rn half-life: 3.82146(16)stat(4)syst days
The periodic sℓ (2|1) alternating spin chain and its continuum limit as a bulk logarithmic conformal field theory at c = 0

The periodic sℓ (2|1) alternating spin chain encodes (some of) the properties of hulls of percolation clusters, and is described in the continuum limit by a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT) at central charge c = 0. This theory corresponds to the strong coupling regime of a sigma model on the complex projective superspace CP 1|1 = U(2|1) / (U(1) × U(1|1)), and the spectrum of critical exponents can be obtained exactly. In this paper we push the analysis further, and determine the main representation theoretic (logarithmic) features of this continuum limit by extending to the periodic case the approach of [1] [N. Read and H. Saleur, Nucl. Phys. B 777 (2007) 316]. We first focus on determining the representation theory of the finite size spin chain with respect to the algebra of local energy densities provided by a representation of the affine Temperley-Lieb algebra at fugacity one. We then analyze how these algebraic properties carry over to the continuum limit to deduce the structure of the space of states as a representation over the product of left and right Virasoro algebras. Our main result is the full structure of the vacuum module of the theory, which exhibits Jordan cells of arbitrary rank for the Hamiltonian
SUSY 3D Georgi-Glashow model at finite temperature

We study the finite-temperature properties of the supersymmetric version of
(2+1)D Georgi-Glashow model. As opposed to its nonsupersymmetric counterpart,
the parity symmetry in this theory at zero temperature is spontaneously broken
by the bilinear photino condensate. We find that as the temperature is raised,
the deconfinement and the parity restoration occur in this model at the same
point $T_c=g^2/8\pi$. The transition is continuous, but is not of the Ising
type as in nonsupersymmetric Georgi-Glashow model, but rather of the
Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless type as in $Z_4$-invariant spin model
The tensor hierarchies of pure N = 2, d = 4, 5, 6 supergravities

23 páginas, 1 figura.-- El PDF es el artículo en su versión pre-print.-- arXiv: 1006.4457We study the supersymmetric tensor hierarchy of pure (gauged) N = 2, d = 4, 5, 6 supergravity and compare them with those of the pure, ungauged, theories (worked out in ref. [1] for d = 5) and the predictions of the Kač-Moody approach made in ref. [2]. We find complete agreement in the ungauged case but we also find that, after gauging, new Stückelberg symmetries reduce the number of independent physical top-forms. The analysis has to be performed to all orders in fermion fields. \ud
We discuss the construction of the worldvolume effective actions for the p-branes which are charged with respect to the (p + 1)-form potentials and the relations between the tensor hierarchies and p-branes upon dimensional reduction.This work has been supported in part\ud
by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education grants FPA2006-00783 and FPA2009-\ud
07692, the Comunidad de Madrid grant HEPHACOS S2009ESP-1473 and the Spanish\ud
Consolider-Ingenio 2010 program CPAN CSD2007-00042.Peer reviewe
Virtual endobronchial ultrasound for transbronchial needle aspiration.

[Objective]Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration could be performed better with computer-based preparation. [Methods]Three-dimensional virtual bronchoscopy was used to develop 2 modes of computer-based "virtual endobronchial ultrasound." "Virtual endobronchial ultrasound standard" used conventional virtual bronchoscopy to determine the spot and angle for transbronchial needle aspiration, which was further evaluated by virtual bronchoscopy. "Virtual endobronchial ultrasound advanced" used multiple layers of 3-dimensional images of the target lesions and associated vascular structures in combination with virtual bronchoscopy. Target lesions and associated vascular structures (eg, pulmonary artery) were visualized through half-transparent bronchial walls. [Results]Both methods required 5 to 15 minutes of preparation per case. Virtual endobronchial ultrasound standard required only basic computer software for virtual bronchoscopy, whereas virtual endobronchial ultrasound advanced required an advanced computer application. Virtual endobronchial ultrasound advanced allowed for a more intuitive recognition of the target. Both methods were useful in evaluating the feasibility of transbronchial needle aspiration, especially when the target was out of regular mediastinal lymph nodes, or in targeting a lesion located at a high upper angle (eg, 4L lymph node). Because the puncture spot was predetermined, bronchoscopists did not have to search for the target using ultrasound at the time of actual endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration; rather, ultrasound was used only for confirmation of the target location and visualization of transbronchial needle aspiration. [Conclusions]Both computer-based preparation methods of virtual endobronchial ultrasound were useful in predetermining the puncture spot of transbronchial needle aspiration, suggesting their potential complementary role to the conventional technique of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Coseismic deformation and source modeling of the May 2012 Emilia (Northern Italy) earthquakes

On May 20th, 2012, an ML 5.9 earthquake (Table 1) occurred near the town of Finale Emilia, in the Central Po Plain, Northern Italy (Figure 1). The mainshock caused 7 casualties and the collapse of several historical buildings and industrial sheds. The earthquake sequence continued with diminishing aftershock magnitudes until May 29th, when an ML 5.8 earthquake occurred near the town of Mirandola, ~12 km WSW of the mainshock (Scognamiglio et al., 2012). This second mainshock started a new aftershock sequence in this area, and increased structural damage and collapses, causing 19 more casualties and increasing to 15.000 the number of evacuees. 
Shortly after the first mainshock, the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) activated the Italian Space Agency (ASI), which provided post-seismic SAR Interferometry data coverage with all 4 COSMO-SkyMed SAR satellites. Within the next two weeks, several SAR Interferometry (InSAR) image pairs were processed by the INGV-SIGRIS system (Salvi et al., 2012), to generate displacement maps and preliminary source models for the emergency management. These results included continuous GPS site displacement data, from private and public sources, located in and around the epicentral area. 
In this paper we present the results of the geodetic data modeling, identifying two main fault planes for the Emilia seismic sequence and computing the corresponding slip distributions. We discuss the implication of this seismic sequence on the activity of the frontal part of the Northern Apennine accretionary wedge by comparing the co-seismic data with the long term (geological) and present day (GPS) velocity fields
Higgs vacuum stability from the dark matter portal.

We consider classically scale-invariant extensions of the Standard Model (CSI ESM) which stabilise the Higgs potential and have good dark matter candidates. In this framework all mass scales, including electroweak and dark matter masses, are generated dynamically and have a common origin. We consider Abelian and non-Abelian hidden sectors portally coupled to the SM with and without a real singlet scalar. We perform a careful analysis of RG running to determine regions in the parameter space where the SM Higgs vacuum is stabilised. After combining this with the LHC Higgs constraints, in models without a singlet, none of the regained parameter space in Abelian ESMs, and only a small section in the non-Abelian ESM survives. However, in all singlet-extended models we find that the Higgs vacuum can be stabilised in all of the parameter space consistent with the LHC constraints. These models naturally contain two dark matter candidates: the real singlet and the dark gauge boson in non-Abelian models. We determine the viable range of parameters in the CSI ESM framework by computing the relic abundance, imposing direct detection constraints and combining with the LHC Higgs constraints. In addition to being instrumental in Higgs stabilisation, we find that the singlet component is required to explain the observed dark matter density
Sealing the fate of a fourth generation of fermions.  \ud

The search for the effects of heavy fermions in the extension of the Standard Model with a fourth generation is part of the experimental program of the Tevatron and LHC experiments. Besides being directly produced, these states affect drastically the production and decay properties of the Higgs boson. In this Letter, we first reemphasize the known fact that in the case of a light and long-lived fourth neutrino, the present collider searches do not permit to exclude a Higgs boson with a mass below the WW   threshold. In a second step, we show that the recent results from the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations which observe an excess in the γγ   and 4ℓ± search channels corresponding to a Higgs boson with a mass MH≈125 GeV, cannot rule out the fourth generation possibility if the H→γγ decay rate is evaluated when naively implementing the leading View the MathML source electroweak corrections. Including the exact next-to-leading order electroweak corrections leads to a strong suppression of the H→γγ rate and makes this channel unobservable with present data. Finally, we point out that the observation by the Tevatron Collaborations of a ≳2σ excess in the mass range MH=115–135 GeV in the channel View the MathML source can definitely not be accommodated by the fourth generation fermion scenario. All in all, if the excesses observed at the LHC and the Tevatron are indeed due to a Higgs boson, they unambiguously exclude the perturbative fermionic fourth generation case. In passing, we also point out that the Tevatron excess definitely rules out the fermiophobic Higgs scenario as well as scenarios in which the Higgs couplings to gauge bosons and bottom quarks are significantly reduced
DC conductivity of magnetised holographic matter.

We consider general black hole solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory that are holographically dual to conformal field theories at finite charge density with nonvanishing magnetic fields and local magnetisation currents, which generically break translation invariance explicitly. We show that the thermoelectric DC conductivity of the field theory can be obtained by solving a system of generalised Stokes equations on the black hole horizon. For various examples, including Q-lattices and one-dimensional lattices, we solve the Stokes equations explicitly and obtain expressions for the DC conductivity in terms of the solution at the black hole horizon
The in vitro respiratory toxicity of cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash.

Ash from dome-forming volcanoes poses a unique hazard to millions of people worldwide due to an abundance of respirable cristobalite, a crystalline silica polymorph. Crystalline silica is an established respiratory hazard in other mixed dusts, but its toxicity strongly depends on sample provenance. Previous studies suggest that cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash is not as bio-reactive as may be expected for a dust containing crystalline silica. We systematically address the hazard posed by volcanic cristobalite by analysing a range of dome-related ash samples, and interpret the crystalline silica hazard according to the mineralogical nature of volcanic cristobalite. Samples are sourced from five well-characterized dome-forming volcanoes that span a range of magmatic compositions, specifically selecting samples rich in cristobalite (up to 16 wt%). Isolated respirable fractions are used to investigate the in vitro response of THP-1 macrophages and A549 type II epithelial cells in cytotoxicity, cellular stress, and pro-inflammatory assays associated with crystalline silica toxicity. Dome-related ash is minimally reactive in vitro for a range of source compositions and cristobalite contents. Cristobalite-based toxicity is not evident in the assays employed, supporting the notion that crystalline silica provenance influences reactivity. Macrophages experienced minimal ash-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular reduction of glutathione; however, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were sample-dependent. Lung epithelial cells experienced moderate apoptosis, sample-dependent reduction of glutathione, and minimal cytokine production. We suggest that protracted interaction between particles and epithelial cells may never arise due to effective clearance by macrophages. However, volcanic ash has the propensity to incite a low, but significant, and sample-dependent response; the effect of this response in vivo is unknown and prolonged exposure may yet pose a hazard
From species to communities: the signature of recreational use on a tropical river ecosystem

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits use,\ud
distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Disturbance can impact natural communities in multiple ways. However, there has been a tendency to focus on single indicators of change when examining the effects of disturbance. This is problematic as classical diversity measures, such as Shannon and Simpson indices, do not always detect the effects of disturbance. Here, we instead take a multilevel, hierarchical approach, looking for signatures of disturbance in the capacity and diversity of the community, and also in allocation and demography at the population level. Using recreational use as an example of disturbance, and the freshwater streams of Trinidad as a model ecosystem, we repeatedly sampled the fish communities and physical parameters of eight pairs of recreational and nonrecreational sites every 3 months over a 28-month period. We also chose the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as the subject of our population-level analyses. Regression tree analysis, together with analysis of deviance, revealed that community capacity and community species richness were greater at sites with higher levels of recreational use. Interestingly, measures of community diversity that took into account the proportional abundance of each species were not significantly associated with recreational use. Neither did we find any direct association between recreational use and proportion of guppy biomass in the community. However, population-level differences were detected in the guppy: Sex ratio was significantly more female-biased at more disturbed sites. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering multiple levels when asking how disturbance impacts a community. We advocate the use of a multilevel approach when monitoring the effects of disturbance, and highlight gaps in our knowledge when it comes to interpreting these effects
Measuring free-living physical activity in COPD patients : Deriving methodology standards for clinical trials through a review of research studies

This article presents a review of the research literature to identify the methodology used and outcome measures derived in the use of accelerometers to measure free-living activity in patients with COPD. Using this and existing empirical validity evidence we further identify standards for use, and recommended clinical outcome measures from continuous accelerometer data to describe pertinent measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in this and similar patient populations. We provide measures of the strength of evidence to support our recommendations and identify areas requiring continued research. Our findings support the use of accelerometry in clinical trials to understand and measure treatment-related changes in free-living physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patient populations with limited activity
Speech Facilitation by Left Inferior Frontal Cortex Stimulation

Electrophysiological studies in humans and animals suggest that noninvasive neurostimulation methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can elicit long-lasting [1], polarity-dependent [2] changes in neocortical excitability. Application of tDCS can have significant and selective behavioral consequences that are associated with the cortical location of the stimulation electrodes and the task engaged during stimulation [3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8]. However, the mechanism by which tDCS affects human behavior is unclear. Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to determine the spatial topography of tDCS effects [9, 10, 11, 12 and 13], but no behavioral data were collected during stimulation. The present study is unique in this regard, in that both neural and behavioral responses were recorded using a novel combination of left frontal anodal tDCS during an overt picture-naming fMRI study. We found that tDCS had significant behavioral and regionally specific neural facilitation effects. Furthermore, faster naming responses correlated with decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in Broca's area. Our data support the importance of Broca's area within the normal naming network and as such indicate that Broca's area may be a suitable candidate site for tDCS in neurorehabilitation of anomic patients, whose brain damage spares this region