pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the X(3872) production cross section via decays to J/ψπ + π − in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

The production of the X(3872) is studied in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, using decays to J/ψπ + π −, where the J/ψ decays to two muons. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb−1. The measurements are performed in a kinematic range in which the X(3872) candidates have a transverse momentum 10 < p T  < 50 GeV and rapidity |y| < 1.2. The ratio of the X(3872) and ψ(2S) cross sections times their branching fractions into J/ψπ + π − is measured as a function of p T. In addition, the fraction of X(3872) originating from B decays is determined. From these measurements the prompt X(3872) differential cross section times branching fraction as a function of p T is extracted. The π + π − mass spectrum of the J/ψπ + π − system in the X(3872) decays is also investigated
Marine 187Os/188Os isotope stratigraphy reveals the interaction of volcanism and ocean circulation during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.

High-resolution osmium (Os) isotope stratigraphy across the Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary Interval from 6 sections for four transcontinental settings has produced a record of seawater chemistry that demonstrates regional variability as a function of terrestrial and hydrothermal inputs, revealing the impact of palaeoenvironmental processes. In every section the 187Os/188Os profiles show a comparable trend; radiogenic values in the lead up to Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2); an abrupt unradiogenic trend at the onset of OAE 2; an unradiogenic interval during the first part of OAE 2; and a return to radiogenic values towards the end of the event, above the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary. The unradiogenic trend in 187Os/188Os is synchronous in all sections. Previous work suggests that activity of the Caribbean LIP (Large Igneous Province) was the source of unradiogenic Os across the OAE 2 and possibly an instigator of anoxia in the oceans. Here we assess this hypothesis and consider the influence of activity from other LIPs; such as the High Arctic LIP.\ud
\ud
A brief shift to high radiogenic 187Os/188Os values occurred in the Western Interior Seaway before the onset of OAE 2. We evaluate this trend and suggest that a combination of factors collectively played critical roles in the initiation of OAE 2; differential input of nutrients from continental and volcanogenic sources, coupled with efficient palaeocirculation of the global ocean and epeiric seas, enhanced productivity due to higher nutrient availability, which permitted penecontemporaneous transport of continental and LIP-derived nutrients to trans-equatorial basins
Five-dimensional PPN formalism and experimental test of Kaluza-Klein
  theory

The parametrized post Newtonian formalism for 5-dimensional metric theories
with a compact extra dimension is developed. The relation of the 5-dimensional
and 4-dimensional formulations is then analyzed, in order to compare the higher
dimensional theories of gravity with experiments. It turns out that the value
of post Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ in the reduced 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein
theory is two times smaller than that in 4-dimensional general relativity. The
departure is due to the existence of an extra dimension in the Kaluza-Klein
theory. Thus the confrontation between the reduced 4-dimensional formalism and
Solar system experiments raises a severe challenge to the classical
Kaluza-Klein theory.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Core genome conservation of Staphylococcus haemolyticus limits sequence based population structure analysis

The notoriously multi-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging pathogen causing serious infections in immunocompromised patients. Defining the population structure is important to detect outbreaks and spread of antimicrobial resistant clones. Currently, the standard typing technique is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In this study we describe novel molecular typing schemes for S. haemolyticus using multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and multi locus variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis. Seven housekeeping genes (MLST) and five VNTR loci (MLVF) were selected for the novel typing schemes. A panel of 45 human and veterinary S. haemolyticus isolates was investigated. The collection had diverse PFGE patterns (38 PFGE types) and was sampled over a 20 year-period from eight countries. MLST resolved 17 sequence types (Simpsons index of diversity [SID] = 0.877) and MLVF resolved 14 repeat types (SID = 0.831). We found a low sequence diversity. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates in three (MLST) and one (MLVF) clonal complexes, respectively. Taken together, neither the MLST nor the MLVF scheme was suitable to resolve the population structure of this S. haemolyticus collection. Future MLVF and MLST schemes will benefit from addition of more variable core genome sequences identified by comparing different fully sequenced S. haemolyticus genomes
MAGIC upper limits for two milagro-detected bright Fermi sources in the region of SNR G65.1+0.6\ud

We report on the observation of the region around supernova remnant G65.1+0.6 with the stand-alone MAGIC-I telescope. This region hosts the two bright GeV gamma-ray sources 1FGL J1954.3+2836 and 1FGL J1958.6+2845. They are identified as GeV pulsars and both have a possible counterpart detected at about 35 TeV by the Milagro observatory. MAGIC collected 25.5 hr of good quality data and found no significant emission in the range around 1 TeV. We therefore report differential flux upper limits, assuming the emission to be point-like (<= 0 degrees.1) or within a radius of 0 degrees.3. In the point-like scenario, the flux limits around 1 TeV are at the level of 3% and 2% of the Crab Nebula flux for the two sources, respectively. This implies that the Milagro emission is either extended over a much larger area than our point-spread function or it must be peaked at energies beyond 1 TeV, resulting in a photon index harder than 2.2 in the TeV band.\u
Holographic probes of collapsing black holes.\ud
\ud

We continue the programme of exploring the means of holographically decoding the geometry of spacetime inside a black hole using the gauge/gravity correspondence. To this end, we study the behaviour of certain extremal surfaces (focusing on those relevant for equal-time correlators and entanglement entropy in the dual CFT) in a dynamically evolving asymptotically AdS spacetime, specifically examining how deep such probes reach. To highlight the novel effects of putting the system far out of equilibrium and at finite volume, we consider spherically symmetric Vaidya-AdS, describing black hole formation by gravitational collapse of a null shell, which provides a convenient toy model of a quantum quench in the field theory. Extremal surfaces anchored on the boundary exhibit rather rich behaviour, whose features depend on dimension of both the spacetime and the surface, as well as on the anchoring region. The main common feature is that they reach inside the horizon even in the post-collapse part of the geometry. In 3-dimensional spacetime, we find that for sub-AdS-sized black holes, the entire spacetime is accessible by the restricted class of geodesics whereas in larger black holes a small region near the imploding shell cannot be reached by any boundary-anchored geodesic. In higher dimensions, the deepest reach is attained by geodesics which (despite being asymmetric) connect equal time and antipodal boundary points soon after the collapse; these can attain spacetime regions of arbitrarily high curvature and simultaneously have smallest length. Higher-dimensional surfaces can penetrate the horizon while anchored on the boundary at arbitrarily late times, but are bounded away from the singularity. We also study the details of length or area growth during thermalization. While the area of extremal surfaces increases monotonically, geodesic length is neither monotonic nor continuous
Decoupling and Reduction in Chern-Simons Modified Gravity

We show that for four-dimensional spacetimes with a non-null hypersurface
orthogonal Killing vector and for a Chern-Simons (CS) background
(non-dynamical) scalar field, which is constant along the Killing vector, the
source-free equations of CS modified gravity decouple into their Einstein and
Cotton constituents. Thus, the model supports only general relativity
solutions. We also show that, when the cosmological constant vanishes and the
gradient of the CS scalar field is parallel to the non-null hypersurface
orthogonal Killing vector of constant length, CS modified gravity reduces to
topologically massive gravity in three dimensions. Meanwhile, with the
cosmological constant such a reduction requires an appropriate source term for
CS modified gravity.Comment: 6 pages, twocolumn REVTeX ; Published versio
Dimer Models, Integrable Systems and Quantum Teichmuller Space

We introduce a correspondence between dimer models (and hence superconformal
quivers) and the quantum Teichmuller space of the Riemann surfaces associated
to them by mirror symmetry. Via the untwisting map, every brane tiling gives
rise to a tiling of the Riemann surface with faces surrounding punctures. We
explain how to obtain an ideal triangulation by dualizing this tiling. In order
to do so, tiling nodes of valence greater than 3 (equivalently superpotential
terms of order greater than 3 in the corresponding quiver gauge theories) must
be decomposed by the introduction of 2-valent nodes. From a quiver gauge theory
perspective, this operation corresponds to integrating-in massive fields. Fock
coordinates in Teichmuller space are in one-to-one correspondence with chiral
fields in the quiver. We present multiple explicit examples, including infinite
families of theories, illustrating how the right number of Fock coordinates is
generated by this procedure. Finally, we explain how Chekhov and Fock
commutation relations between coordinates give rise to the commutators
associated to dimer models by Goncharov and Kenyon in the context of quantum
integrable systems. For generic dimer models (i.e. those containing nodes that
are not 3-valent), this matching requires the introduction of a natural
generalization of Chekhov and Fock rules. We also explain how urban renewal in
the original brane tiling (Seiberg duality for the quivers) is mapped to flips
of the ideal triangulation.Comment: 35 pages. v3: minor correction
A study of the f0(1370), f0(1500), f0(2000) and f2(1950) observed in the
  centrally produced 4pi final states

The production and decay properties of the f0(1370), f0(1500), f0(2000) and
f2(1950) have been studied in central pp interactions at 450 GeV/c. The dPT,
phi and |t| distributions of these resonances are presented. For the J = 0
states, the f0(1370) and f0(2000) have similar dPT and phi dependences. These
are different to the dPT and phi dependences of the f0(980), f0(1500) and
f0(1710). For the J = 2 states the f2(1950) has different dependences to the
f2(1270) and f2'(1520). This shows that the dPT and phi dependences are not
just J phenomena.Comment: 14 pages, Latex, 4 Figure
One-loop Higgs mass finiteness in supersymmetric Kaluza-Klein theories

We analyze the one-loop ultraviolet sensitivity of the Higgs mass in a
five-dimensional supersymmetric theory compactified on the orbifold S^1/Z_2,
with superpotential localized on a fixed-point brane. Four-dimensional
supersymmetry is broken by Scherk-Schwarz boundary conditions. Kaluza-Klein
interactions are regularized by means of a brane Gaussian distribution along
the extra dimension with length l_s\simeq\Lambda^{-1}_s, where \Lambda_s is the
cutoff of the five-dimensional theory. The coupling of the n-mode, with mass
M^{(n)}, acquires the n-dependent factor exp{-(M^{(n)}/\Lambda_s)^2/2}, which
makes it to decouple for M^{(n)}\gg \Lambda_s. The sensitivity of the Higgs
mass on \Lambda_s is strongly suppressed and quadratic divergences cancel by
supersymmetry. The one-loop correction to the Higgs mass is finite and equals,
for large values of \Lambda_s, the value obtained by the so-called
KK-regularization.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. The discussion on the distribution giving rise to
  couplings suppressed by exp(-M/Lambda) is revised and the result is finite
  and equals that of the Gaussian cas
Vacuum Expectation Value of a Wegner-Wilson Loop near the Light Cone

Vacuum expectation values for one Wegner-Wilson loop representing a moving
quark-antiquark pair are calculated in four-dimensional Euclidean and Minkowski
space-time. The calculation uses gluon field strength correlators with
perturbative gluon exchange and non-perturbative correlations from the
stochastic vacuum model. The expectation value of a Wegner-Wilson loop forming
a hyperbolic angle in Minkowski space-time is connected by an analytical
continuation to the expectation value of the Wegner-Wilson loop in Euclidean
four-space. The obtained result shows how confinement enters into the
light-cone Hamiltonian for valence quarks independently of the chosen model.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, sections 2 and 3 shortened, more details added
  in section
Cosmological model dependence of the galaxy luminosity function:
  far-infrared results in the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi model

This is the first paper of a series aiming at investigating galaxy formation
and evolution in the giant-void class of the Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) models
that best fits current cosmological observations. Here we investigate the
Luminosity Function (LF) methodology, and how its estimates would be affected
by a change on the cosmological model assumed in its computation. Are the
current observational constraints on the allowed Cosmology enough to yield
robust LF results? We use the far-infrared source catalogues built on the
observations performed with the Herschel/PACS instrument, and selected as part
of the PACS evolutionary probe (PEP) survey. Schechter profiles are obtained in
redshift bins up to z approximately 4, assuming comoving volumes in both the
standard model, that is, Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric with a
perfect fluid energy-momentum tensor, and non-homogeneous LTB dust models,
parametrized to fit the current combination of results stemming from the
observations of supernovae Ia, the cosmic microwave background, and baryonic
acoustic oscillations. We find that the luminosity functions computed assuming
both the standard model and LTB void models show in general good agreement.
However, the faint-end slope in the void models shows a significant departure
from the standard model up to redshift 0.4. We demonstrate that this result is
not artificially caused by the used LF estimator which turns out to be robust
under the differences in matter-energy density profiles of the models. The
differences found in the LF slopes at the faint end are due to variation in the
luminosities of the sources, which depend on the geometrical part of the model.
It follows that either the standard model is over-estimating the number density
of faint sources or the void models are under-estimating it.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
Holographic Q-lattices

We introduce a new framework for constructing black hole solutions that are
holographically dual to strongly coupled field theories with explicitly broken
translation invariance. Using a classical gravitational theory with a
continuous global symmetry leads to constructions that involve solving ODEs. We
study in detail $D=4$ Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a complex scalar field
with a simple mass term. We construct black holes dual to metallic phases which
exhibit a Drude-type peak in the optical conductivity, but there is no evidence
of an intermediate scaling that has been reported in other holographic lattice
constructions. We also construct black holes dual to insulating phases which
exhibit a suppression of spectral weight at low frequencies. We show that the
model also admits a novel $AdS_3\times\mathbb{R}$ solution.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures. Minor change
Supersymmetric Perturbations of the M5 brane

We study long-wavelength supersymmetric deformations of brane solutions in
supergravity using an extension of previous ideas within the general scheme of
the blackfold approach. As a concrete example, we consider long-wavelength
perturbations of the planar M2-M5 bound state solution in eleven-dimensional
supergravity. We propose a specific ansatz for the first order deformation of
the supergravity fields and explore how this deformation perturbs the Killing
spinor equations. We find that a special part of these equations gives a
projection equation on the Killing spinors that has the same structure as the
$\kappa$-symmetry condition of the abelian M5 brane theory. Requiring a match
between supergravity and gauge theory implies a specific non-linear
gauge-gravity map between the bosonic fields of the abelian M5 brane theory and
the gravity-induced fluid-like degrees of freedom of the blackfold equations
that control the perturbative gravity solution. This observation sheds new
light on the SUGRA/DBI correspondence.Comment: 38 pages, harvma
Gamma Ray Bursts Are Observed Off-Axis

We use the ScaleFit package to perform Markov chain Monte Carlo light curve
fitting on a large sample of Swift-XRT gamma-ray burst afterglows. The ScaleFit
model uses scaling relations in the hydrodynamic and radiation equations to
compute synthetic light curves directly from a set of high resolution
two-dimensional relativistic blast wave simulations. The data sample consists
of all Swift-XRT afterglows from 2005 to 2012 with sufficient coverage and a
known redshift, 188 bursts in total. We find the jet half opening angle varies
widely but is commonly less than 0.1 radians. The distribution of the electron
spectral index is also broad, with a median at 2.23. This approach allows, for
the first time, for the off-axis observer angle to be inferred directly from
the light curve. We find the observer angle to have a median value of 0.57 of
the jet opening angle over our sample, which has profound consequences for the
predicted rate of observed jet breaks and effects the beaming corrected total
energies of gamma-ray bursts.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Entropy current for non-relativistic fluid

We study transport properties of a parity-odd, non-relativistic charged fluid
in presence of background electric and magnetic fields. To obtain stress tensor
and charged current for the non-relativistic system we start with the most
generic relativistic fluid, living in one higher dimension and reduce the
constituent equations along the light-cone direction. We also reduce the
equation satisfied by the entropy current of the relativistic theory and obtain
a consistent entropy current for the non-relativistic system (we call it
"canonical form" of the entropy current). Demanding that the non-relativistic
fluid satisfies the second law of thermodynamics we impose constraints on
various first order transport coefficients. For parity even fluid, this is
straight forward; it tells us positive definiteness of different transport
coefficients like viscosity, thermal conductivity, electric conductivity etc.
However for parity-odd fluid, canonical form of the entropy current fails to
confirm the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, we need to add two
parity-odd vectors to the entropy current with arbitrary coefficients. Upon
demanding the validity of second law, we see that one can fix these two
coefficients exactly.Comment: 18 page
Canonical quantization of a string describing $N$ branes at angles

We study the canonical quantization of a bosonic string in presence of N
twist fields. This generalizes the quantization of the twisted string in two
ways: the in and out states are not necessarily twisted and the number of twist
fields N can be bigger than 2.
  In order to quantize the theory we need to find the normal modes. Then we
need to define a product between two modes which is conserved. Because of this
we need to use the Klein-Gordon product and to separate the string coordinate
into the classical and the quantum part. The quantum part has different
boundary conditions than the original string coordinates but these boundary
conditions are precisely those which make the operator describing the equation
of motion self adjoint.
  The splitting of the string coordinates into a classical and quantum part
allows the formulation of an improved overlap principle. Using this approach we
then proceed in computing the generating function for the generic correlator
with L untwisted operators and N (excited) twist fields for branes at angles.
We recover as expected the results previously obtained using the path integral.
This construction explains why these correlatorsComment: 41 pages, 8 figure
Characterization of the Kepler-101 planetary system with HARPS-N. A hot
  super-Neptune with an Earth-sized low-mass companion

We report on the characterization of the Kepler-101 planetary system, thanks
to a combined DE-MCMC analysis of Kepler data and forty radial velocities
obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph. This system was previously validated by
Rowe et al. (2014) and is composed of a hot super-Neptune, Kepler-101b, and an
Earth-sized planet, Kepler-101c. These two planets orbit the slightly evolved
and metal-rich G-type star in 3.49 and 6.03 days, respectively. With mass
$M_{\rm p}=51.1_{-4.7}^{+5.1}~M_{\oplus}$, radius $R_{\rm
p}=5.77_{-0.79}^{+0.85}~R_{\oplus}$, and density $\rho_{\rm
p}=1.45_{-0.48}^{+0.83} \rm g\;cm^{-3}$, Kepler-101b is the first
fully-characterized super-Neptune, and its density suggests that heavy elements
make up a significant fraction of its interior; more than $60\%$ of its total
mass. Kepler-101c has a radius of $1.25_{-0.17}^{+0.19}~R_{\oplus}$, which
implies the absence of any H/He envelope, but its mass could not be determined
due to the relative faintness of the parent star for highly precise
radial-velocity measurements ($K_{\rm p}=13.8$) and the limited number of
radial velocities. The $1~\sigma$ upper limit, $M_{\rm p} < 3.8~M_{\oplus}$,
excludes a pure iron composition with a $68.3\%$ probability. The architecture
of the Kepler-101 planetary system - containing a close-in giant planet and an
outer Earth-sized planet with a period ratio slightly larger than the 3:2
resonance - is certainly of interest for planet formation and evolution
scenarios. This system does not follow the trend, seen by Ciardi et al. (2013),
that in the majority of Kepler systems of planet pairs with at least one
Neptune-size or larger planet, the larger planet has the longer period.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&
Constructing solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations for 2 D fields with
  one component by means of Baecklund transformations

The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism generalized to 2-dimensional field theories
according to Lepage's canonical framework is applied to several relativistic
real scalar fields, e.g. massless and massive Klein-Gordon, Sinh and
Sine-Gordon, Liouville and $\phi^4$ theories. The relations between the
Euler-Lagrange and the Hamilton-Jacobi equations are discussed in DeDonder and
Weyl's and the corresponding wave fronts are calculated in Carath\'eodory's
formulation. Unlike mechanics we have to impose certain integrability
conditions on the velocity fields to guarantee the transversality relations and
especially the dynamical equivalence between Hamilton-Jacobi wave fronts and
families of extremals embedded therein. B\"acklund Transformations play a
crucial role in solving the resulting system of coupled nonlinear PDEs.Comment: LaTeX, 44 pages, 3 figures, submitted to: Journal of Mathematical
  Physics; replaced due to mailer problem