pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Complete $O(\alpha_s^2)$ Non-Singlet Heavy Flavor Corrections to the
  Structure Functions $g_{1,2}^{ep}(x,Q^2)$, $F_{1,2,L}^{ep}(x,Q^2)$,
  $F_{1,2,3}^{\nu(\bar{\nu})}(x,Q^2)$ and the Associated Sum Rules

We calculate analytically the flavor non-singlet $O(\alpha_s^2)$ massive
Wilson coefficients for the inclusive neutral current non-singlet structure
functions $F_{1,2,L}^{ep}(x,Q^2)$ and $g_{1,2}^{ep}(x,Q^2)$ and charged current
non-singlet structure functions $F_{1,2,3}^{\nu(\bar{\nu})p}(x,Q^2)$, at
general virtualities $Q^2$ in the deep-inelastic region. Numerical results are
presented. We illustrate the transition from low to large virtualities for
these observables, which may be contrasted to basic assumptions made in the
so-called variable flavor number scheme. We also derive the corresponding
results for the Adler sum rule, the unpolarized and polarized Bjorken sum rules
and the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule. There are no logarithmic corrections at
large scales $Q^2$ and the effects of the power corrections due to the heavy
quark mass are of the size of the known $O(\alpha_s^4)$ corrections in the case
of the sum rules. The complete charm and bottom corrections are compared to the
approach using asymptotic representations in the region $Q^2 \gg m_{c,b}^2$. We
also study the target mass corrections to the above sum rules.Comment: 50 pages LATEX, 35 figure
First look at the physics case of TLEP

The discovery by the ATLAS and CMS experiments of a new boson with mass around 125 GeV and with measured properties compatible with those of a Standard-Model Higgs boson, coupled with the absence of discoveries of phenomena beyond the Standard Model at the TeV scale, has triggered interest in ideas for future Higgs factories. A new circular e+e− collider hosted in a 80 to 100 km tunnel, TLEP, is among the most attractive solutions proposed so far. It has a clean experimental environment, produces high luminosity for top-quark, Higgs boson, W and Z studies, accommodates multiple detectors, and can reach energies up to the tt¯ threshold and beyond. It will enable measurements of the Higgs boson properties and of Electroweak Symmetry-Breaking (EWSB) parameters with unequalled precision, offering exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model in the multi-TeV range. Moreover, being the natural precursor of the VHE-LHC, a 100 TeV hadron machine in the same tunnel, it builds up a long-term vision for particle physics. Altogether, the combination of TLEP and the VHE-LHC offers, for a great cost effectiveness, the best precision and the best search reach of all options presently on the market. This paper presents a first appraisal of the salient features of the TLEP physics potential, to serve as a baseline for a more extensive design study
Coupled ocean-land millennial-scale changes 1.26 million years ago, recorded at Site U1385 off Portugal

While a growing body of evidence indicates that North Atlantic millennial-scale climate variability extends to the Early Pleistocene, its impact on terrestrial ecosystems has not been established. Here we present ultra-high resolution (70–140 year) joint foraminiferal isotopic and pollen analyses from IODP Site U1385 off Portugal, focusing on a short glacial section of Marine Isotope Stage 38, ~ 1.26 million years ago. Our records reveal the presence of millennial-scale variability in the coupled ocean–atmosphere–land system in the North Atlantic and provide the first direct evidence for the response of western Iberian vegetation to abrupt climate changes in the Early Pleistocene. The magnitude and pacing of changes bear significant similarities to Dansgaard–Oeschger variability of the last two glacials
Parameter estimation in non-linear mixed effects models with SAEM algorithm: extension from ODE to PDE

This Research Report is now published in the Journal: ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2013140 and its updated associated version is also available on HAL at: http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00936373 Parameter estimation in non linear mixed effects models requires a large number of evaluations of the model to study. For ordinary differential equations, the overall computation time remains reasonable. However when the model itself is complex (for instance when it is a set of partial differential equations) it may be time consuming to evaluate it for a single set of parameters. The procedures of populational parametrization (for instance using SAEM algorithms) are then very long and in some cases impossible to do within a reasonable time. We propose here a very simple methodology which may accelerate populational parametrization of complex models, including partial differential equations models. We illustrate our method on the classical KPP equation
Analysis of the acoustic cut-off frequency and high-frequency peaks in six Kepler stars with stochastically excited pulsations

International audienceGravito-acoustic modes in the Sun and other stars propagate in resonant cavities with a frequency below a given limit known as the cut-off frequency. At higher frequencies, waves are no longer trapped in the stellar interior and become traveller waves. In this article, we study six pulsating solar-like stars at different evolutionary stages observed by the NASA Kepler mission. These high signal-to-noise targets show a peak structure that extends at very high frequencies and are good candidates for studying the transition region between the modes and interference peaks or pseudo-modes. Following the same methodology successfully applied on Sun-as-a-star measurements, we uncover the existence of pseudo-modes in these stars with one or two dominant interference patterns depending on the evolutionary stage of the star. We also infer their cut-off frequency as the midpoint between the last eigenmode and the first peak of the interference patterns. Using ray theory we show that, while the period of one of the interference patterns is very close to half the large separation, the period of the other interference pattern depends on the time phase of mixed waves, thus carrying additional information on the stellar structure and evolution
Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z = 4  and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation

International audienceWe aim to measure the average dust and molecular gas content of massive star-forming galaxies (>3 × 1010M⊙) up to z = 4 in the COSMOS field to determine if the intense star formation observed at high redshift is induced by major mergers or is caused by large gas reservoirs. Firstly, we measured the evolution of the average spectral energy distributions as a function of redshift using a stacking analysis of Spitzer, Herschel, LABOCA, and AzTEC data for two samples of galaxies: normal star-forming objects and strong starbursts, as defined by their distance to the main sequence. We found that the mean intensity of the radiation field ⟨ U ⟩ heating the dust (strongly correlated with dust temperature) increases with increasing redshift up to z = 4 in main-sequence galaxies. We can reproduce this evolution with simple models that account for the decrease in the gas metallicity with redshift. No evolution of ⟨ U ⟩ with redshift is found in strong starbursts. We then deduced the evolution of the molecular gas fraction (defined here as Mmol/ (Mmol + M⋆)) with redshift and found a similar, steeply increasing trend for both samples. At z ~ 4, this fraction reaches ~60%. The average position of the main-sequence galaxies is on the locus of the local, normal star-forming disks in the integrated Schmidt-Kennicutt diagram (star formation rate versus mass of molecular gas), suggesting that the bulk of the star formation up to z = 4 is dominated by secular processes
Evolution of the $N=28$ shell closure: a test bench for nuclear forces

40 pages,15 figures, Procceedings Nobel Symposium 2012, accepted for publication in Physica ScriptaInternational audienceThe evolution of the $N=28$ shell closure is investigated far from stability. Using the latest results obtained from various experimental techniques, we discuss the main properties of the $N=28$ isotones, as well as those of the $N=27$ and $N=29$ isotones. Experimental results are confronted to various theoretical predictions. These studies pinpoint the effects of several terms of the nucleon-nucleon interaction, such as the central, the spin-orbit, the tensor and the three-body force components, to account for the modification of the $N=28$ shell gap and spin-orbit splittings. Analogies between the evolution of the $N=28$ shell closure and other magic numbers originating from the spin-orbit interaction are proposed ($N=14,50, 82$ and $90$). More generally, questions related to the evolution of nuclear forces towards the drip-line, in bubble nuclei, and for nuclei involved in the r-process nucleosynthesis are proposed and discussed
Pillars and globules at the edges of H ii regions

International audienceContext. Herschel far-infrared imaging observations have revealed the density structure of the interface between H ii regions and molecular clouds in great detail. In particular, pillars and globules are present in many high-mass star-forming regions, such as the Eagle nebula (M 16) and the Rosette molecular cloud, and understanding their origin will help characterize triggered star formation.Aims. The formation mechanisms of these structures are still being debated. The initial morphology of the molecular cloud and its turbulent state are key parameters since they generate deformations and curvatures of the shell during the expansion of the H ii region. Recent numerical simulations have shown how pillars can arise from the collapse of the shell in on itself and how globules can be formed from the interplay of the turbulent molecular cloud and the ionization from massive stars. The goal here is to test this scenario through recent observations of two massive star-forming regions, M 16 and the Rosette molecular cloud.Methods. First, the column density structure of the interface between molecular clouds and associated H ii regions was characterized using column density maps obtained from far-infrared imaging of the Herschel HOBYS key programme. Then, the DisPerSe algorithm was used on these maps to detect the compressed layers around the ionized gas and pillars in different evolutionary states. Column density profiles were constructed. Finally, their velocity structure was investigated using CO data, and all observational signatures were tested against some distinct diagnostics established from simulations.Results. The column density profiles have revealed the importance of compression at the edge of the ionized gas. The velocity properties of the structures, i.e. pillars and globules, are very close to what we predict from the numerical simulations. We have identified a good candidate of a nascent pillar in the Rosette molecular cloud that presents the velocity pattern of the shell collapsing on itself, induced by a high local curvature. Globules have a bulk velocity dispersion that indicates the importance of the initial turbulence in their formation, as proposed from numerical simulations. Altogether, this study re-enforces the picture of pillar formation by shell collapse and globule formation by the ionization of highly turbulent clouds
The evolutionary limit for models of populations interacting competitively via several resources

International audienceWe consider a integro-differential nonlinear model that describes the evolution of a population structured by a quantitative trait. The interactions between traits occur from competition for resources whose concentrations depend on the current state of the population. Following the formalism of~\cite{DJMP}, we study a concentration phenomenon arising in the limit of strong selection and small mutations. We prove that the population density converges to a sum of Dirac masses characterized by the solution $\varphi$ of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation which depends on resource concentrations that we fully characterize in terms of the function $\varphi$
New aspects and strategies for methane mitigation from ruminants.

The growing demand for sustainable animal production is compelling researchers to explore the potential approaches to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from livestock that are mainly produced by enteric fermentation. Some potential solutions, for instance, the use of chemical inhibitors to reduce methanogenesis, are not feasible in routine use due to their toxicity to ruminants, inhibition of efficient rumen function or other transitory effects. Strategies, such as use of plant secondary metabolites and dietary manipulations have emerged to reduce the methane emission, but these still require extensive research before these can be recommended and deployed in the livestock industry sector. Furthermore, immunization vaccines for methanogens and phages are also under investigation for mitigation of enteric methanogenesis. The increasing knowledge of methanogenic diversity in rumen, DNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have paved the way for chemogenomic strategies by targeting methane producers. Chemogenomics will help in finding target enzymes and proteins, which will further assist in the screening of natural as well chemical inhibitors. The construction of a methanogenic gene catalogue through these approaches is an attainable objective. This will lead to understand the microbiome function, its relation with the host and feeds, and therefore, will form the basis of practically viable and eco-friendly methane mitigation approaches, while improving the ruminant productivity
BIOFRAG: a new database for analyzing BIOdiversity responses to forest FRAGmentation

Habitat fragmentation studies have produced complex results that are challenging to synthesize. Inconsistencies among studies may result from variation in the choice of landscape metrics and response variables, which is often compounded by a lack of key statistical or methodological information. Collating primary datasets on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in a consistent and flexible database permits simple data retrieval for subsequent analyses. We present a relational database that links such field data to taxonomic nomenclature, spatial and temporal plot attributes, and environmental characteristics. Field assessments include measurements of the response(s) (e.g., presence, abundance, ground cover) of one or more species linked to plots in fragments within a partially forested landscape. The database currently holds 9830 unique species recorded in plots of 58 unique landscapes in six of eight realms: mammals 315, birds 1286, herptiles 460, insects 4521, spiders 204, other arthropods 85, gastropods 70, annelids 8, platyhelminthes 4, Onychophora 2, vascular plants 2112, nonvascular plants and lichens 320, and fungi 449. Three landscapes were sampled as long-term time series (>10years). Seven hundred and eleven species are found in two or more landscapes. Consolidating the substantial amount of primary data available on biodiversity responses to fragmentation in the context of land-use change and natural disturbances is an essential part of understanding the effects of increasing anthropogenic pressures on land. The consistent format of this database facilitates testing of generalizations concerning biologic responses to fragmentation across diverse systems and taxa. It also allows the re-examination of existing datasets with alternative landscape metrics and robust statistical methods, for example, helping to address pseudo-replication problems. The database can thus help researchers in producing broad syntheses of the effects of land use. The database is dynamic and inclusive, and contributions from individual and large-scale data-collection efforts are welcome
HALOGAS observations of NGC 4414 : fountains, interaction, and ram pressure

We present deep H I imaging of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4414, taken as part of the Westerbork HALOGAS (Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS) survey. The observations show that NGC 4414 can be characterized by a regularly rotating inner H I disk, and a more disturbed outer disk. Modeling of the kinematics shows that the outer disk is best described by a U-shaped warp. Deep optical imaging also reveals the presence of a low surface brightness stellar shell, indicating a minor interaction with a dwarf galaxy at some stage in the past. Modeling of the inner disk suggests that about 4 percent of the inner H I is in the form of extra-planar gas. Because of the disturbed nature of the outer disk, this number is difficult to constrain for the galaxy as a whole. These new, deep observations of NGC 4414 presented here show that even apparently undisturbed galaxies are interacting with their environment
GPI-anchored proteins and glycoconjugates segregate into lipid rafts in Kinetoplastida.

The plasma membranes of the divergent eukaryotic parasites, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, are highly specialised, with a thick coat of glycoconjugates and glycoproteins playing a central role in virulence. Unusually, the majority of these surface macro-molecules are attached to the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In mammalian cells and yeast, many GPI-anchored molecules associate with sphingolipid and cholesterol-rich detergent-resistant membranes, known as lipid rafts. Here we show that GPI-anchored parasite macro-molecules (but not the dual acylated Leishmania surface protein (hydrophilic acylated surface protein) or a subset of the GPI-anchored glycoinositol phospholipid glycolipids) are enriched in a sphingolipid/sterol-rich fraction resistant to cold detergent extraction. This observation is consistent with the presence of functional lipid rafts in these ancient, highly polarised organisms
Search for direct CP violation in D-0 -> h(-)h(+) modes using semileptonic B decays

A search for direct CP violation in D-0 -> h(-)h(+) (where h = K or pi) is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) collected in 2011 by LHCb in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The analysis uses D-0 mesons produced in inclusive semileptonic b-hadron decays to the D-0 μX final state, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to tag the flavour of the D-0 meson. The difference in the CP-violating asymmetries between the two decay channels is measured to be Delta A(CP) = A(CP)(K-K+) ¿ A(CP)(pi(-)pi(+)) = (0.49 +/- 0.30 (stat) +/- 0.14 (syst))%. This result does not confirm the evidence for direct CP violation in the charm sector reported in other analyses
Renormalization of the f(0)(980) and a(0)(980) scalar resonances in a nuclear medium

The meson-meson interaction in the scalar sector in the presence of a nuclear medium is studied with particular attention to the change of the properties of the f(0)(980) and a(0)(980) resonances. By using a chiral unitary approach which generates the f(0) and a(0) resonances and reproduces their free properties, we find that the position of the resonances in the medium is barely changed but their widths are considerably broadened. New many body corrections generating from higher orders in the chiral Lagrangian plus the contribution from N*h excitations, not considered before in connection with the pi pi interaction in the nuclear medium, are also investigated
Isometries, gaugings and N=2 supergravity decoupling

We study off-shell rigid limits for the kinetic and scalar-potential terms os
a single N=2 hypermultiplet. In the kinetic term, these rigid limits establish
relations between four-dimensional quaternion-Kahler and hyper-Kahler target
spaces with symmetry. The scalar potential is obtained by gauging the
graviphoton along an isometry of the quaternion-Kahler space. The rigid limits
unveil two distinct cases. A rigid N=2 theory on Minkowski or on AdS_4
spacetime, depending on whether the isometry is translational or rotational
respectively. We apply these results to the quaternion-Kahler space with
Heisenberg x U(1) isometry, which describes the universal hypermultiplet at
type-II string one-loop.Comment: 1+34 pages, Latex, v2: JHEP versio
Neutron$-^{19}$C scattering: emergence of universal properties in a
  finite range potential

The low-energy properties of the elastic $s-$wave scattering for the
$n-^{19}$C are studied near the critical condition for the occurrence of an
excited Efimov state in $n-n-^{18}$C. It is established to which extent the
universal scaling laws, strictly valid in the zero-range limit, survive when
finite range potentials are considered. By fixing the two-neutrons separation
energy in $^{20}$C with available experimental data, it is studied the scaling
of the real ($\delta_0^R$) and imaginary parts of the $s-$wave phase-shift with
the variation of the $n-^{18}$C binding energy. We obtain some universal
characteristics given by the pole-position of $k\cot(\delta_0^R)$ and
effective-range parameters. By increasing the $n-^{18}$C binding energy, it was
verified that the excited state of $^{20}$C goes to a virtual state, resembling
the neutron-deuteron behavior in the triton. It is confirmed that the
analytical structure of the unitary cut is not affected by the range of the
potential or mass asymmetry of the three-body system
Beyond Navier--Stokes equations: Capillarity of ideal gas

The system of Navier--Stokes--Fourier equations is one of the most celebrated
systems of equations in modern science. It describes dynamics of fluids in the
limit when gradients of density, velocity and temperature are sufficiently
small, and loses its applicability when the flux becomes so non-equilibrium
that the changes of velocity, density or temperature on the length compatible
with the mean free path are non-negligible. The question is: how to model such
fluxes? This problem is still open. (Despite the fact that the first `final
equations of motion' modified for analysis of thermal creep in rarefied gas
were proposed by Maxwell in 1879.) There are, at least, three possible answers:
(i) use molecular dynamics with individual particles, (ii) use kinetic
equations, like Boltzmann's equation, or (iii) find a new system of equations
for description of fluid dynamics with better accounting of non-equilibrium
effects. These three approaches work at different scales. We explore the third
possibility using the recent findings of capillarity of internal layers in
ideal gases and of saturation effect in dissipation (there is a limiting
attenuation rate for very short waves in ideal gas and it cannot increase
infinitely). One candidate equation is discussed in more detail, the Korteweg
system proposed in 1901. The main ideas and approaches are illustrated by a
kinetic system for which the problem of reduction of kinetics to fluid dynamics
is analytically solvable.Comment: Corrected misprints in Eqs (7) and (22), thanks to E. Azad
The notion of contextual locking: inaccessibility to previously learnt items when appearing in a different context

We examined the effect of context on the learning of spatial coding in four experiments. Two partially overlapping sets of stimuli, which had the very same stimulus-response spatial coding, were presented in unique contexts. Results show contextual locking, i.e., response times to the very same item in a more common context (80%) wereas significantly shorter than in a less common context (20%). Contextual locking was obtained both when the context was more salient (Experiments 1 & 2) and less salient (Experiments 3 & 4). In addition, results were obtained even when contextualization seemed less necessary (Experiments 2 & 4). Binding of information to context is discussed in relation to chunking, transfer effects, and practical applications pertaining to professional training