pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Light vector meson production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe ALICE experiment has measured low-mass dimuon production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV in the dimuon rapidity region 2.5<y<4. The observed dimuon mass spectrum is described as a superposition of resonance decays (η,ρ,ω,η′,ϕ) into muons and semi-leptonic decays of charmed mesons. The measured production cross sections for ω and ϕ are σω(1<pt<5 GeV/c,2.5<y<4)=5.28±0.54(stat)±0.49(syst) mb and σϕ(1<pt<5 GeV/c,2.5<y<4)=0.940±0.084(stat)±0.076(syst) mb. The differential cross sections d2σ/dydpt are extracted as a function of pt for ω and ϕ. The ratio between the ρ and ω cross section is obtained. Results for the ϕ are compared with other measurements at the same energy and with predictions by models
Cerebral Embolic Lesions Detected With Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Carotid Artery Stenting A Meta-Analysis of 8 Studies Comparing Filter Cerebral Protection and Proximal Balloon Occlusion

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the 2 different neuroprotection systems in preventing embolization during carotid artery stenting (CAS), as detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI).BackgroundData from randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing both types of embolic protection devices revealed contrasting evidence about their efficacy in neuroprotection, as assessed by the incidence of new ischemic lesions detected by DW-MRI.MethodsEight studies, enrolling 357 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Our study analyzed the incidence of new ischemic lesions/patient, comparing filter cerebral protection and proximal balloon occlusion.ResultsFollowing CAS, the incidence of new ischemic lesions/patient detected by DW-MRI was significantly lower in the proximal balloon occlusion group (effect size [ES]: −0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.84 to −0.02, I2 = 70.08, Q = 23.40). Furthermore, following CAS, the incidence of lesions at the contralateral site was significantly lower in the proximal protection group (ES: −0.50; 95% CI: −0.72 to −0.27, I2 = 0.00, Q = 3.80).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis supports the concept that the use of proximal balloon occlusion compared with filter cerebral protection is associated with a reduction of the amount of CAS-related brain embolization. The data should be confirmed by a randomized clinical trial
Search for W' to tb in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is performed for the production of a massive W' boson decaying to a top and a bottom quark. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The hadronic decay products of the top quark with high Lorentz boost from the W' boson decay are detected as a single top flavoured jet. The use of jet substructure algorithms allows the top quark jet to be distinguished from standard model QCD background. Limits on the production cross section of a right-handed W' boson are obtained, together with constraints on the left-handed and right-handed couplings of the W' boson to quarks. The production of a right-handed W' boson with a mass below 2.02 TeV decaying to a hadronic final state is excluded at 95% confidence level. This mass limit increases to 2.15 TeV when both hadronic and leptonic decays are considered, and is the most stringent lower mass limit to date in the tb decay mode
Patterns of New Physics in $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions in the light
  of recent data

In the Standard Model (SM), the rare transitions where a bottom quark decays
into a strange quark and a pair of light leptons exhibit a potential
sensitivity to physics beyond the SM. In addition, the SM embeds Lepton Flavour
Universality (LFU), leading to almost identical probabilities for muon and
electron modes. The LHCb collaboration discovered a set of deviations from the
SM expectations in decays to muons and also in ratios assessing LFU. Other
experiments (Belle, ATLAS, CMS) found consistent measurements, albeit with
large error bars. We perform a global fit to all available $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$
data ($\ell=e,\mu$) in a model-independent way allowing for different patterns
of New Physics. For the first time, the NP hypothesis is preferred over the SM
by $5\,\sigma$ in a general case when NP can enter SM-like operators and their
chirally-flipped partners. LFU violation is favoured with respect to LFU at the
3-4$\,\sigma$ level. We discuss the impact of LFU-violating New Physics on the
observable $P_5^\prime$ from $B \to K^*\mu^+\mu^-$ and we compare our estimate
for long-distance charm contributions with an empirical model recently proposed
by a group of LHCb experimentalists. Finally, we discuss NP models able to
describe this consistent pattern of deviations.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in JHE
A 'Rosetta Stone' for protoplanetary disks : the synergy of multi-wavelength observations

The recent progress in instrumentation and telescope development has brought us different ways to observe protoplanetary disks, including interferometers, space missions, adaptive optics, polarimetry, and time- and spectrally-resolved data. While the new facilities have changed the way we can tackle the existing open problems in disk structure and evolution, there is a substantial lack of interconnection between different observing techniques and their user communities. Here, we explore the complementarity of some of the state-of-the-art observing techniques, and how they can be brought together in a collective effort to understand how disks evolve and disperse at the time of planet formation. This paper was born at the "Protoplanetary Discussions" meeting in Edinburgh, 2016. Its goal is to clarify where multi-wavelength observations of disks converge in unveiling disk structure and evolution, and where they diverge and challenge our current understanding. We discuss caveats that should be considered when linking results from different observations, or when drawing conclusions based on limited datasets (in terms of wavelength or sample). We focus on disk properties that are currently being revolutionized by multi-wavelength observations. Specifically: the inner disk radius, holes and gaps and their link to large-scale disk structures, the disk mass, and the accretion rate. We discuss how the links between them, as well as the apparent contradictions, can help us to disentangle the disk physics and to learn about disk evolution.PostprintPeer reviewe
A comprehensive framework for studying W′ and Z′ bosons at hadron colliders with automated jet veto resummation.

The production of high-mass, color-singlet particles in hadron collisions is universally accompanied by initial state QCD radiation that is predominantly soft with respect to the hard process scale Q and/or collinear with respect to the beam axis. At TeV-scale colliders, this is in contrast to top quark and multijet processes, which are hard and central. Consequently, vetoing events with jets possessing transverse momenta above pTVeto in searches for new color-singlet states can efficiently reduce non-singlet backgrounds, thereby increasing experimental sensitivity. To quantify this generic observation, we in-vestigate the production and leptonic decay of a Sequential Standard Model W′ boson at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider. We systematically consider signal and background processes at next-to-leading-order (NLO) in QCD with parton shower (PS) matching. For color-singlet signal and background channels, we resum Sudakov logarithms of the form αsj(pTVeto) logk(Q/pTVeto) up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NNLL) with NLO matching. We obtain our results using the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and MadGraph5_aMC@NLO-SCET frameworks, respectively. Associated Universal Feyn-Rules Output model files capable of handling NLO+PS- and NLO+NNLL-accurate computations are publicly available. We find that within their given uncertainties, both the NLO+PS and NLO+NNLL(veto) calculations give accurate and consistent predictions. Consequently, jet vetoes applied to color-singlet processes can be reliably modeled at the NLO+PS level. With respect to a b-jet veto of pTVeto = 30 GeV, flavor-agnostic jet vetoes of pTVeto = 30 − 40 GeV can further reduce single top and  tt¯tt¯  rates by a factor of 2-50 at a mild cost of the signal rate. Jet vetoes can increase the signal-to-noise ratios by roughly 10% for light W′ boson masses of 30 − 50 GeV and 25%-250% for masses of 300-800 GeV
Rare variants in optic disc area gene CARD10 enriched in primary open-angle glaucoma

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified association of common alleles with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its quantitative endophenotypes near numerous genes. This study aims to determine whether rare pathogenic variants in these disease-associated genes contribute to POAG. Methods: Participants fulfilled strict inclusion criteria of advanced POAG at a young age of diagnosis. Myocilin mutation carriers were excluded using direct sequencing. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 187 glaucoma cases and 103 local screened nonglaucoma controls then joint-called with exomes of 993 previously sequenced Australian controls. GWAS-associated genes were assessed for enrichment of rare predicted pathogenic variants in POAG. Significantly enriched genes were compared against Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) public control. Results: Eighty-six GWAS disease or trait-associated glaucoma genes were captured and sequenced. CARD10 showed enrichment after Bonferroni correction for rare variants in glaucoma cases (OR = 13.2, P = 6.94 × 10−5) with mutations identified in 4.28% of our POAG cohort compared to 0.27% in controls. CARD10 was significantly associated with optic disc parameters in previous GWAS. The whole GWAS gene set showed no enrichment in POAG overall (OR = 1.12, P = 0.51). Conclusion: We report here an enrichment of rare predicted pathogenic coding variants within a GWAS-associated locus in POAG (CARD10). These findings indicate that both common and rare pathogenic coding variants in CARD10 may contribute to POAG pathogenesis.Tiger Zhou, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Shiwani Sharma, Owen M. Siggs, Ivan Goldberg, Paul R. Healey, Stuart Graham, Alex W. Hewitt, David A. Mackey, Robert J. Casson, John Landers, Richard Mills, Jonathan Ellis, Paul Leo, Matthew A. Brown, Stuart MacGregor, Kathryn P. Burdon and Jamie E. Crai
Population dynamical behavior of Lotka-Volterra system under regime switching

In this paper, we investigate a Lotka-Volterra system under regime switching dx(t) = diag(x1(t); : : : ; xn(t))[(b(r(t)) + A(r(t))x(t))dt + (r(t))dB(t)]; where B(t) is a standard Brownian motion. The aim here is to find out what happens under regime switching. We first obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of global positive solutions, stochastic permanence and extinction. We find out that both stochastic permanence and extinction have close relationships with the stationary probability distribution of the Markov chain. The limit of the average in time of the sample path of the solution is then estimated by two constants related to the stationary distribution and the coefficients. Finally, the main results are illustrated by several examples
THE TRANSIT LIGHT CURVE PROJECT. XIV. CONFIRMATION OF ANOMALOUS RADII FOR THE EXOPLANETS TRES-4b, HAT-P-3b, AND WASP-12b

We present transit photometry of three exoplanets, TrES-4b, HAT-P-3b, and WASP-12b, allowing for refined estimates of the systems' parameters. TrES-4b and WASP-12b were confirmed to be "bloated" planets, with radii of 1.706 [plus-minus] 0.056R [subscript Jup] and 1.736 [plus-minus] 0.092R [subscript Jup], respectively. These planets are too large to be explained with standard models of gas giant planets. In contrast, HAT-P-3b has a radius of 0.827 [plus-minus] 0.055R [subscript Jup], smaller than a pure hydrogen-helium planet and indicative of a highly metal-enriched composition. Analyses of the transit timings revealed no significant departures from strict periodicity. For TrES-4, our relatively recent observations allow for improvement in the orbital ephemerides, which is useful for planning future observations.United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Origins program award NNX09AB33G)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Research Science Institute program
Event activity dependence of υ(nS) production in √SNN = 5.02 TeV pPb and √s = 2.76 TeV pp collisions

The production of υ(1S), υ(2S), and υ(3S) is investigated in pPb and pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. The datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of about 31 nb-1 (pPb) and 5.4pb-1 (pp), collected in 2013 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upsilons that decay into muons are reconstructed within the rapidity interval |ycm| < 1.93 in the nucleonnucleon centre-of-mass frame. Their production is studied as a function of two measures of event activity, namely the charged-particle multiplicity measured in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 2.4, and the sum of transverse energy deposited at forward pseudorapidity, 4.0 < |η| < 5.2. The υ cross sections normalized by their event activity integrated values, υ(nS)/(υ(nS)}, are found to rise with both measures of the event activity in pp and pPb. In both collision systems, the ratios of the excited to the ground state cross sections, υ(nS)/υ(1S), are found to decrease with the charged-particle multiplicity, while as a function of the transverse energy the variation is less pronounced. The event activity integrated double ratios, [υ(nS)/υ(1S)]pPb/[υ(nS)/υ(1S)] pp, are also measured and found to be 0.83 ± 0.05 (stat.) ± 0.05 (syst.) and 0.71 ± 0.08 (stat.) ± 0.09 (syst.) for υ(2S) and υ(3S), respectively.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Asymptotic theory for the multidimensional random on-line nearest-neighbour graph.

The on-line nearest-neighbour graph on a sequence of n uniform random points in (0,1)d (d∈N) joins each point after the first to its nearest neighbour amongst its predecessors. For the total power-weighted edge-length of this graph, with weight exponent α∈(0,d/2], we prove O(max{n1−(2α/d),logn}) upper bounds on the variance. On the other hand, we give an n→∞ large-sample convergence result for the total power-weighted edge-length when α>d/2. We prove corresponding results when the underlying point set is a Poisson process of intensity n
Applications and performances of extended TTDDs in large-scale wireless sensor networks

There are many applications of large scale sensor networks in which both the stimulus and the data collection stations are mobile (i.e. animal tracking, battlefield chasing). TTDD is a scalable and energy-efficient data dissemination model designed for this type of scenarios. However, TTDD only focused on handling mobile sinks. In this paper, we extend TTDD to deal with both mobile sources and sinks and evaluate the effectiveness of two potential extended TTDD schemes. Simulation results are presented to compare their performance in terms of energy consumption, delay and success rate. It is shown that the two schemes have similar performance when the moving speeds of the phenomena objects are slow. However, when the phenomena objects moving exceed certain speed, the advantages of one scheme over the other become unneglectable
Comments on avalanche flow models based on the concept of random kinetic energy.

In a series of papers, Bartelt and co-workers developed novel snow-avalanche models in which random kinetic energy (RKE) RK (a.k.a. granular temperature) is a key concept. The earliest models were for a single, constant density layer, using a Voellmy model but with R K -dependent friction parameters. This was then extended to variable density, and finally a suspension layer (powder-snow cloud) was added. The physical basis and mathematical formulation of these models are critically reviewed here, with the following main findings: (i) Key assumptions in the original RKE model differ substantially from established results on dense granular flows; in particular, the effective friction coefficient decreases to zero with velocity in the RKE model. (ii) In the variable-density model, non-canonical interpretation of the energy balance leads to a third-order evolution equation for the flow depth or density, whereas the stated assumptions imply a first-order equation. (iii) The model for the suspension layer neglects gravity and disregards well-established theoretical and experimental results on particulate gravity currents. Some options for improving these aspects are discussed
Nutrient-dependent expression of insulin-like peptides from neuroendocrine cells in the CNS contributes to growth regulation in Drosophila.

BACKGROUND: The insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway controls cellular and organismal growth in many multicellular organisms. In Drosophila, genetic defects in components of the insulin signaling pathway produce small flies that are delayed in development and possess fewer and smaller cells as well as female sterility, reminiscent of the phenotypes of starved flies. RESULTS: Here we establish a causal link between nutrient availability and insulin-dependent growth. We show that in addition to the Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 (dilp2) gene, overexpression of dilp1 and dilp3-7 is sufficient to promote growth. Three of the dilp genes are expressed in seven median neurosecretory cells (m-NSCs) in the brain. These m-NSCs possess axon terminals in the larval endocrine gland and on the aorta, from which DILPs may be released into the circulatory system. Although expressed in the same cells, the expression of the three genes is controlled by unrelated cis-regulatory elements. The expression of two of the three genes is regulated by nutrient availability. Genetic ablation of these neurosecretory cells mimics the phenotype of starved or insulin signaling mutant flies. CONCLUSIONS: These results point to a conserved role of the neuroendocrine axis in growth control in multicellular organisms
Anisotropic fluctuations in turbulent shear flows

An experimental analysis of small-scale anisotropic fluctuations has been performed in two different flows in order to assess possible universal features of shear dominated turbulence, such as the decay rate of anisotropy at small scales and the recovery of isotropy. The two data sets—a homogeneous shear flow and a turbulent boundary layer—are characterized by turbulent Reynolds numbers in the range Re_lambda=230−330. The measurements in the logarithmic region of the turbulent boundary layer extend from y+=90 up to y+=350. The explicit use of the Taylor hypothesis is avoided by resorting to two-point measurements, with separation in the spanwise direction, z. Streamwise (u) and wall-normal (v) velocity components are simultaneously measured in both positions by means of cross-wire probes. This procedure allows the construction of the mixed transverse structure functions, here addressed up to order 6. According to the SO(3) formalism, the observables we selected are free of any isotropic contribution, thus allowing a direct measurement of the fully anisotropic component of the field. The results are consistent with the "exponent-only" scenario for universality, i.e., all experimental data can be fitted by fixing the same set of anisotropic scaling exponents by changing only the prefactors, for different shear intensities and boundary conditions
The Constitutional Choice of Bicameralism

We take a garden-variety instance of distributive politics-- a  divide-the-cake stage game -- and explore dynamic extensions in different institutional settings: (i) repeated play of the stage game in a simultaneous-term unicameral legislature; (ii) repeated play in a staggered-term unicameral legislature; and (iii)repeated play in a bicameral setting of one staggered-term and one simultaneous-term legislative chamber. We are then able to entertain decisions taken at "the constitutional moment" regarding which institutional forms to employ.
Endogenous Timing with Government's Preference and Privatization

By introducing the government's preference for tax revenues into an extended game with observable delay, this study provides new insight into the trade-off between the government and the public firm's payoff in a government's optimal policy of privatization. The results show that: (i) regardless of the government's preference for tax revenues, the government does not have an incentive to privatize in an endogenous timing context even though there are conflicts of interest between the public firm and the government and (ii) under a mixed duopoly, each sequential-move equilibrium varies with the level of the government's preference for tax revenues.
Fiscal Policy in a Monetary Union in the Presence of Uncertainty about the Central Bank Preferences

In this paper, we examine the link between political transparency of a common central bank (CCB) and decentralized supply-side fiscal policies in a monetary union. We find that the opacity of a conservative CCB has a restrictive effect on national fiscal policies since each government internalizes the influence of its actions on the common monetary policy and thus reinforces the disciplinary effect of institutional constraints such as the Stability and Growth Pact on national fiscal authorities. However, more opacity could imply higher inflation and unemployment when the union is large enough and induce higher inflation and output-gap variability. An enlargement of the union incites national governments to increase tax rate, and weakens the disciplinary effects of opacity on member countries if fiscal policymaking is relatively decentralized and the CCB quite conservative. It induces an increase in the level of inflation and unemployment, and could increase inflation and output-gap variability.
Are Stronger Executive Incentives Associated with Cross-listing? Evidence from China

This study examines whether firms incorporated in mainland China benefit from cross-listing in Hong Kong, China. The Hong Kong Stock Market has more stringent rules regarding corporate governance and a better system of investor protection than the mainland market. Hong Kong companies generally provide strong incentives to executives via equity-based compensation. Have cross-listed companies learned from Hong Kong firms about adopting these strong executive incentives?  The evidence from this study suggests that changes in top executive compensation are more sensitive to sales growth in cross-listed firms than they are in mainland firms without cross-listing. However, compared to Hong Kong firms, cross-listed firms are less sensitive to stock returns.  Further, this study shows that it is necessary to differentiate between state-owned companies and private companies, as cross-listing may have a greater impact on executive incentives in state-owned companies than it does in private companies.