pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Environmental Remediation: Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Dissertation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous persistent semi-volatile organic
compounds. They are contaminants that are resistant to degradation and can remain in the
environment for long periods due to their high degree of conjugation, and aromaticity.
PAHs are present in industrial effluents as products of incomplete combustion processes
of organic compounds. Petroleum, coal and shale oil contain extremely complex mixtures
of these PAHs, and their transport and refining process can also result in the release of
PAHs.
It is therefore prudent that such effluents are treated before discharge into the
environment.
In this project, different approaches to the treatment of PAHs have been investigated.
Hydrous pyrolysis has been explored as a potential technique for degrading PAHs in
water using anthracene as a model compound. The experiments were performed under
different conditions of temperature, substrate, redox systems and durations.
The conditions include oxidising systems comprising pure water, hydrogen peroxide and
Nafion-SiO2 solid catalyst in water; and reducing systems of formic acid and formic acid
/ Nafion-SiO2 / Pd-C catalysts to assess a range of reactivities. Products observed in GCMS
analysis of the extract from the water phase include anthrone, anthraquinone,
xanthone and multiple hydro-anthracene derivatives (Paper I).
In addition a modified version of the Nafion-SiO2 solid catalyst in water oxidising system
was tested; and reducing systems of formic acid and formic acid / Nafion-SiO2 / Pd-C
catalysts were adopted for the conversion of a mixture of anthracene, fluorene and
fluoranthene. The rate of conversion in the mixture was high as compared to that of only
anthracene (Paper II).
Also the use of LECA (Lightweight expanded clay aggregates) as an adsorbent (Paper
III) for PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) removal from water has been successfully achieved as well as photodegradation (UV) studies of fluorene in different
aqueous media (Paper IV)
M_(π) and N_c dependence of resonances form Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory

We review our studies on the ρ and σ resonances properties derived from the Inverse Amplitude Method. In particular, we study the leading 1/N_c behavior of the resonances masses and widths and their evolution with changing m_(π). The 1/N_c expansion gives a clear definition of q̅ q states, which is neatly satisfied by the ρ but not by the σ, showing that its dominant component is not  q̅q. The m_(π) dependence of the resonance properties is relevant to connect with lattice studies. We show that our predictions compare well with some lattice results and we find that the rho π πcoupling constant is m_π independent, in contrast with the σ π π coupling, that shows a strong m_π dependence
Profiling a decade of information systems frontiers’ research

This article analyses the first ten years of research published in the Information Systems Frontiers (ISF) from 1999 to 2008. The analysis of the published material includes examining variables such as most productive authors, citation analysis, universities associated with the most publications, geographic diversity, authors’ backgrounds and research methods. The keyword analysis suggests that ISF research has evolved from establishing concepts and domain of information systems (IS), technology and management to contemporary issues such as outsourcing, web services and security. The analysis presented in this paper has identified intellectually significant studies that have contributed to the development and accumulation of intellectual wealth of ISF. The analysis has also identified authors published in other journals whose work largely shaped and guided the researchers published in ISF. This research has implications for researchers, journal editors, and research institutions
MAGIC Upper Limits for two Milagro-detected, Bright Fermi Sources in the Region of SNR G65.1+0.6

We report on the observation of the region around supernova remnant G65.1+0.6 with the stand-alone MAGIC-I telescope. This region hosts the two bright GeV gamma-ray sources 1FGL J1954.3+2836 and 1FGL J1958.6+2845. They are identified as GeV pulsars and both have a possible counterpart detected at about 35 TeV by the Milagro observatory. MAGIC collected 25.5 hours of good quality data, and found no significant emission in the range around 1 TeV. We therefore report differential flux upper limits, assuming the emission to be point-like (&lt;0.1 deg) or within a radius of 0.3 deg. In the point-like scenario, the flux limits around 1 TeV are at the level of 3 % and 2 % of the Crab Nebula flux, for the two sources respectively. This implies that the Milagro emission is either extended over a much larger area than our point spread function, or it must be peaked at energies beyond 1 TeV, resulting in a photon index harder than 2.2 in the TeV band
Fermi-LAT observations of Markarian 421: the missing piece of its spectral energy distribution

We report on the gamma-ray activity of the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae object Mrk 421 during the first 1.5 years of Fermi operation, from 2008 August 5 to 2010 March 12. We find that the Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum above 0.3 GeV can be well-described by a power-law function with photon index Gamma=1.78 +- 0.02 and average photon flux F(&gt;0.3 GeV)=(7.23 +- 0.16) 10^(-8) ph cm^(-2) s^(-1). Over this time period, the Fermi-LAT spectrum above 0.3 GeV was evaluated on 7-day-long time intervals, showing significant variations in the photon flux (up to a factor ~3 from the minimum to the maximum flux), but mild spectral variations. The variability amplitude at X-ray frequencies measured by RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT is substantially larger than that in gamma-rays measured by Fermi-LAT, and these two energy ranges are not significantly correlated. We also present the first results from the 4.5-month-long multifrequency campaign on Mrk 421, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign (2009 January 19 to 2009 June 1). During this campaign, Mrk 421 showed a low activity at all wavebands. The extensive multi-instrument (radio to TeV) data set provides an unprecedented, complete look at the quiescent spectral energy distribution (SED) for this source. The broad band SED was reproduced with a leptonic (one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton) and a hadronic model (Synchrotron Proton Blazar). Both frameworks are able to describe the average SED reasonably well, implying comparable jet powers but very different characteristics for the blazar emission site
Is the Weibel instability enhanced by the suprathermal populations or not ?

The kinetic instabilities of the Weibel-type are presently invoked in a large variety of astrophysical scenarios because anisotropic plasma structures are ubiquitous in space. The Weibel instability is driven by a temperature anisotropy which is commonly modeled by a bi-axis distribution function, such as a bi-Maxwellian or a generalized bi-Kappa. Previous studies have been limited to a bi-Kappa distribution and found a suppression of this instability in the presence of suprathermal tails. In the present paper it is shown that the Weibel growth rate is rather more sensitive to the shape of the anisotropic distribution function. In order to illustrate the distinguishing properties of this instability a \emph{product-bi-Kappa distribution} is introduced, with the advantage that this distribution function enables the use of different values of the spectral index in the two directions, $\kappa_{\parallel} \ne \kappa_{\perp}$. The growth rates and the instability threshold are derived and contrasted with those for a simple bi-Kappa and a bi-Maxwellian. Thus, while the maximum growth rates reached at the saturation are found to be higher, the threshold is drastically reduced making the anisotropic product-bi-Kappa (with small kappas) highly susceptible to the Weibel instability. This effect could also rise questions on the temperature or the temperature anisotropy that seems to be not an exclusive source of free energy for this instability, and definition of these notions for such Kappa distributions must probably be reconsidered.status: publishe
Non-renormalization theorems and N = 2 supersymmetric backgrounds

The conditions for fully supersymmetric backgrounds of general N = 2 locally supersymmetric theories are derived based on the off-shell superconformal multiplet calculus. This enables the derivation of a non-renormalization theorem for a large class of supersymmetric invariants with higher-derivative couplings. The theorem implies that the invariant and its first order variation must vanish in a fully supersymmetric background. The conjectured relation of one particular higher-derivative invariant with a specific five-dimensional invariant containing the mixed gauge-gravitational Chern-Simons term is confirmed
Energy–pressure relation for low-dimensional gases

A particularly simple relation of proportionality between internal energy and pressure holds for scale-invariant thermodynamic systems (with Hamiltonians homogeneous functions of the coordinates), including classical and quantum – Bose and Fermi – ideal gases. One can quantify the deviation from such a relation by introducing the internal energy shift as the difference between the internal energy of the system and the corresponding value for scale-invariant (including ideal) gases. After discussing some general thermodynamic properties associated with the scale-invariance, we provide criteria for which the internal energy shift density of an imperfect (classical or quantum) gas is a bounded function of temperature. We then study the internal energy shift and deviations from the energy–pressure proportionality in low-dimensional models of gases interpolating between the ideal Bose and the ideal Fermi gases, focusing on the Lieb–Liniger model in 1d and on the anyonic gas in 2d. In 1d the internal energy shift is determined from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz integral equations and an explicit relation for it is given at high temperature. Our results show that the internal energy shift is positive, it vanishes in the two limits of zero and infinite coupling (respectively the ideal Bose and the Tonks–Girardeau gas) and it has a maximum at a finite, temperature-depending, value of the coupling. Remarkably, at fixed coupling the energy shift density saturates to a finite value for infinite temperature. In 2d we consider systems of Abelian anyons and non-Abelian Chern–Simons particles: as it can be seen also directly from a study of the virial coefficients, in the usually considered hard-core limit the internal energy shift vanishes and the energy is just proportional to the pressure, with the proportionality constant being simply the area of the system. Soft-core boundary conditions at coincident points for the two-body wavefunction introduce a length scale, and induce a non-vanishing internal energy shift: the soft-core thermodynamics is considered in the dilute regime for both the families of anyonic models and in that limit we can show that the energy–pressure ratio does not match the area of the system, opposed to what happens for hard-core (and in particular 2d Bose and Fermi) ideal anyonic gases
Order α ′ heterotic domain walls with warped nearly Kähler geometry

We consider (1+3)-dimensional domain wall solutions of heterotic supergravity on a six-dimensional warped nearly Kähler manifold X 6 in the presence of gravitational and gauge instantons of tanh-kink type as constructed in [1]. We include first order α ′ corrections to the heterotic supergravity action, which imply a non-trivial Yang-Mills sector and Bianchi identity. We present a variety of solutions, depending on the choice of instantons, for the special case in which the SU(3) structure on X 6 satisfies W 1 ¯ = 0 $$ {W}_{\overline{1}}=0 $$ . The solutions preserve two real supercharges, which corresponds to N = 1 / 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=1/2 $$ supersymmetry from the four-dimensional point of view. Besides serving as a useful framework for collecting existing solutions, the formulation in terms of dynamic SU(3) structures utilized here allows us to obtain new solutions in as yet unexplored corners of the instanton configuration space. Our approach thus offers a unified description of the embedding of tanh-kink-type instantons into half-BPS solutions of heterotic supergravity where the internal six-dimensional manifold has a warped nearly Kähler geometry
Covariant non-commutative space–time

We introduce a covariant non-commutative deformation of 3+1 -dimensional conformal field theory. The deformation introduces a short-distance scale ℓp , and thus breaks scale invariance, but preserves all space–time isometries. The non-commutative algebra is defined on space–times with non-zero constant curvature, i.e. dS4 or AdS4 . The construction makes essential use of the representation of CFT tensor operators as polynomials in an auxiliary polarization tensor. The polarization tensor takes active part in the non-commutative algebra, which for dS4 takes the form of so(5,1) , while for AdS4 it assembles into so(4,2) . The structure of the non-commutative correlation functions hints that the deformed theory contains gravitational interactions and a Regge-like trajectory of higher spin excitations
Antihyperon potentials in nuclei via exclusive antiproton–nucleus reactions

The exclusive production of hyperon–antihyperon pairs close to their production threshold in p‾ -nucleus collisions offers a unique and hitherto unexplored opportunity to elucidate the behavior of antihyperons in nuclei. For the first time we analyze these reactions in a microscopic transport model using the Gießen Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck transport model. The calculation takes the delicate interplay between the strong absorption of antihyperons, their rescattering and mean field deflection as well as the Fermi motion of the struck nucleon into account. We find a substantial sensitivity of transverse momentum correlations of coincident Λ‾Λ -pairs to the assumed depth of the Λ‾ -potential. Because of the high cross section for this process and the simplicity of the experimental method our results are highly relevant for future activities at the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
Identifying non-stationary groundwater level response to North Atlantic ocean-
atmosphere teleconnection patterns using wavelet coherence

The ﬁrst comprehensive use of wavelet methods to identify non-stationary time-
frequency relations between North Atlantic ocean-atmosphere teleconnection
patterns and groundwater levels is described. Long-term hydrogeological time
series from three boreholes within different aquifers across the UK are analysed
to identify statistically signiﬁcant wavelet coherence between the North
Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic pattern, and the Scandinavia pattern and
monthly groundwater-level time series. Wavelet coherence measures the cross-
correlation of two time series as a function of frequency, and can be
interpreted as a correlation coefﬁcient value. Results not only indicate that
there are common statistically signiﬁcant periods of multiannual-to-decadal
wavelet coherence between the three teleconnection indices and groundwater
levels in each of the boreholes, but they also show that there are periods when
groundwater levels at individual boreholes show distinctly different patterns of
signiﬁcant wavelet coherence with respect to the teleconnection indices. The
analyses presented demonstrate the value of wave- let methods in identifying the
synchronization of groundwater-level dynamics by non-stationary climate
variability on time scales that range from interannual to decada
Comorbidades psiquiátricas na epilepsia do lobo temporal: possíveis relações entre desordens psicóticas e comprometimento de circuitos límbicos

OBJECTIVE: Mounting evidence suggests that the limbic system is pathologically involved in cases of psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Our objective was to develop a conceptual framework describing how neuropathological and connectivity changes might contribute to the development of psychosis and to the potential neurobiological mechanisms that cause schizophrenia-like psychosis in TLE patients. METHODS: In this review, clinical and neuropathological findings, especially brain circuitry of the limbic system, were examined together to enhance our understanding of the association between TLE and psychosis. Finally, the importance of animal models in epilepsy and psychiatric disorders was discussed. CONCLUSIONS: TLE and psychiatric symptoms coexist more frequently than chance would predict. Damage and deregulation among critical anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and the temporal, frontal and cingulate cortices, might predispose TLE brains to psychosis. Studies of the effects of kindling and injection of neuroactive substances on behavior and electrophysiological patterns may offer a model of how limbic seizures in humans increase the vulnerability of TLE patients to psychiatric symptoms
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory: volume 2: landslide processes

This book is one out of 8 IAEG XII Congress volumes, and deals with Landslide processes, including: field data and monitoring techniques, prediction and forecasting of landslide occurrence, regional landslide inventories and dating studies, modeling of slope instabilities and secondary hazards (e.g. impulse waves and landslide-induced tsunamis, landslide dam failures and breaching), hazard and risk assessment, earthquake and rainfall induced landslides, instabilities of volcanic edifices, remedial works and mitigation measures, development of innovative stabilization techniques and applicability to specific engineering geological conditions, use of geophysical techniques for landslide characterization and investigation of triggering mechanisms. Focuses is given to innovative techniques, well documented case studies in different environments, critical components of engineering geological and geotechnical investigations, hydrological and hydrogeological investigations, remote sensing and geophysical techniques, modeling of triggering, collapse, runout and landslide reactivation, geotechnical design and construction procedures in landslide zones, interaction of landslides with structures and infrastructures and possibility of domino effects. The Engineering Geology for Society and Territory volumes of the IAEG XII Congress held in Torino from September 15-19, 2014, analyze the dynamic role of engineering geology in our changing world and build on the four main themes of the congress: environment, processes, issues, and approaches.Postprint (published version
Two particle-in-grid realisations on spacetrees.

The present paper studies two particle management strategies for dynamically adaptive Cartesian grids at hands of a particle-in-cell code. One holds the particles within the grid cells, the other within the grid vertices. The fundamental challenge for the algorithmic strategies results from the fact that particles may run through the grid without velocity constraints. To facilitate this, we rely on multiscale grid representations. They allow us to lift and drop particles between different spatial resolutions. We call this cell-based strategy particle in tree (PIT). Our second approach assigns particles to vertices describing a dual grid (PIDT) and augments the lifts and drops with multiscale linked cells.\ud
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Our experiments validate the two schemes at hands of an electrostatic particle-in-cell code by retrieving the dispersion relation of Langmuir waves in a thermal plasma. They reveal that different particle and grid characteristics favour different realisations. The possibility that particles can tunnel through an arbitrary number of grid cells implies that most data is exchanged between neighbouring ranks, while very few data is transferred non-locally. This constraints the scalability as the code potentially has to realise global communication. We show that the merger of an analysed tree grammar with PIDT allows us to predict particle movements among several levels and to skip parts of this global communication a priori. It is capable to outperform several established implementations based upon trees and/or space-filling curves
The relationship between information processing style and information seeking, and its moderation by affect and perceived usefulness : analysis vs. procrastination

We examined the relationship between information processing style and information seeking, and its moderation by anxiety and information utility. Information about Salmonella, a potentially commonplace disease, was presented to 2960 adults. Two types of information processing were examined: preferences for analytical or heuristic processing, and preferences for immediate or delayed processing. Information seeking was captured by measuring the number of additional pieces of information sought by participants. Preferences for analytical information processing were associated positively and directly with information seeking. Heuristic information processing was associated negatively and directly with information seeking. The positive relationship between preferences for delayed decision making and information seeking was moderated by anxiety and by information utility. Anxiety reduced the tendency to seek additional information. Information utility increased the likelihood of information seeking. The findings indicate that low levels of anxiety could prompt information seeking. However, information seeking occurred even when information was perceived as useful and sufficient, suggesting that it can be a form of procrastination rather than a useful contribution to effective decision making
Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb
  collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays was measured as
a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) in minimum-bias p-Pb collisions
at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The measurement covers
the $p_{\rm T}$ interval $0.5<p_{\rm T}<12$ GeV/$c$ and the rapidity range
$-1.06 < y_{\rm cms} < 0.14$ in the centre-of-mass reference frame. The
contribution of electrons from background sources was subtracted using an
invariant mass approach. The nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm pPb}$ was
calculated by comparing the $p_{\rm T}$-differential invariant cross section in
p-Pb collisions to a pp reference at the same centre-of-mass energy, which was
obtained by interpolating measurements at $\sqrt{s}= 2.76$ TeV and $\sqrt{s}
=7$ TeV. The $R_{\rm pPb}$ is consistent with unity within uncertainties of
about 25%, which become larger for $p_{\rm T}$ below 1 GeV/$c$. The measurement
shows that heavy-flavour production is consistent with binary scaling, so that
a suppression in the high-$p_{\rm T}$ yield in Pb-Pb collisions has to be
attributed to effects induced by the hot medium produced in the final state.
The data in p-Pb collisions are described by recent model calculations that
include cold nuclear matter effects.Comment: 24 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 19,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/188