pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Instantons on Calabi-Yau and hyper-K\"ahler cones

The instanton equations on vector bundles over Calabi-Yau and hyper-K\"ahler
cones can be reduced to matrix equations resembling Nahm's equations. We
complement the discussion of Hermitian Yang-Mills (HYM) equations on Calabi-Yau
cones, based on regular semi-simple elements, by a new set of (singular)
boundary conditions which have a known instanton solution in one direction.
This approach extends the classic results of Kronheimer by probing a relation
between generalised Nahm's equations and nilpotent pairs/tuples. Moreover, we
consider quaternionic instantons on hyper-K\"ahler cones over generic
3-Sasakian manifolds and study the HYM moduli spaces arising in this set-up,
using the fact that their analysis can be traced back to the intersection of
three Hermitian Yang-Mills conditions.Comment: v2: 29 pages, typos corrected, matches JHEP versio
The River Orontes in Syria and Turkey : downstream variation of fluvial archives in different crustal blocks.

The geomorphology and Quaternary history of the River Orontes in western Syria and south-central Turkey have been studied using a combination of methods: field survey, differential GPS, satellite imagery, analysis of sediments to determine provenance, flow direction and fluvial environment, incorporation of evidence from fossils for both palaeoenvironments and biostratigraphy, uranium-series dating of calcrete cement, reconciliation of Palaeolithic archaeological contents, and uplift modelling based on terrace height distribution. The results underline the contrasting nature of different reaches of the Orontes, in part reflecting different crustal blocks, with different histories of landscape evolution. Upstream from Homs the Orontes has a system of calcreted terraces that form a staircase extending to ~200 m above the river. New U-series dating provides an age constraint within the lower part of the sequence that suggests underestimation of terrace ages in previous reviews. This upper valley is separated from another terraced reach, in the Middle Orontes, by a gorge cut through the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Homs Basalt. The Middle Orontes terraces have long been recognized as a source of mammalian fossils and Palaeolithic artefacts, particularly from Latamneh, near the downstream end of the reach. This terraced section of the valley ends at a fault scarp, marking the edge of the subsiding Ghab Basin (a segment of the Dead Sea Fault Zone), which has been filled to a depth of ~ 1 km by dominantly lacustrine sediments of Pliocene–Quaternary age. Review of the fauna from Latamneh suggests that its age is 1.2–0.9 Ma, significantly older than previously supposed, and commensurate with less uplift in this reach than both the Upper and Lower Orontes. Two localities near the downstream end of the Ghab have provided molluscan and ostracod assemblages that record somewhat saline environments, perhaps caused by desiccation within the former lacustrine basin, although they include fluvial elements. The Ghab is separated from another subsiding and formerly lacustrine depocentre, the Amik Basin of Hatay Province, Turkey, by a second gorge, implicit of uplift, this time cut through Palaeogene limestone. The NE–SW oriented lowermost reach of the Orontes is again terraced, with a third and most dramatic gorge through the northern edge of the Ziyaret Dağı mountains, which are known to have experienced rapid uplift, probably again enhanced by movement on an active fault. Indeed, a conclusion of the research, in which these various reaches are compared, is that the crust in the Hatay region is significantly more dynamic than that further upstream, where uplift has been less rapid and less continuous
A qualitative investigation exploring the motivational climate in early career sports participants: coach, parent and peer influences on sport motivation

This article was published in the journal Psychology of Sport and Exercise [© Elsevier Ltd]. The definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.12.003Objectives: The objectives of this research were a) to explore the applicability of ‘motivational climate’\ud
research to early career athletes under the age of twelve, b) to re-examine the concept of ‘motivational\ud
climate’ in the light of recent scientific developments, and c) to concurrently study the influences of\ud
coaches, parents and peers on athletic motivation.\ud
Design and Method: Using a qualitative design, 40 participants (7–11 years of age) from various sports\ud
were interviewed in focus groups, using a semi-structured format to investigate the roles played by\ud
coaches, parents, and peers in influencing athlete motivation. An inductive content analysis was conducted\ud
to determine which behaviours among these social agents influenced key motivational outcomes.\ud
Findings: The analysis indicated that young athletes experience a motivational climate which shows\ud
consistencies with existing models of motivation; suggesting this population is worthy of further study.\ud
The influences of coaches related most strongly to the manner in which they perform their roles of\ud
instruction and assessment, whereas parents’ influences were most salient in terms of the way they\ud
support the child’s participation and learning. Both parents and coaches exerted influences through their\ud
leadership styles, affective responses and pre-performance behaviours. Peers influenced participants’\ud
motivation through competitive behaviours, collaborative behaviours, evaluative communications and\ud
through their social relationships.\ud
Conclusions: This study provides an insight into the motivational climate experienced by young athletes\ud
and helps to delineate the different roles of social agents in influencing their motivation at this early\ud
stage of development
Australian software developers embrace quality Assurance Certification

[Abstract]: This paper details a research project undertaken to assess the extent of adoption of quality assurance (QA) certification by Australian software developers.  A brief history of government QA policy, the catalyst in the sudden interest in certification, is included.  Primary data for the study were gathered from a survey of 1,000 Australian software developers, and were used to determine the extent of adoption of QA certification by Australian developers, their organisational characteristics, capability maturity and perceptions regarding the value of QA certification.  Secondary data from the JAS-ANZ register of certified organisations enabled validation of survey responses and extrapolation of QA certification adoption.

Major findings of the study revealed that 11 percent of respondents are certified to ISO 9001 or AS 3563, seven percent are in progress and 21 percent plan to adopt QA certification.  It also revealed that specialist developers are adopting QA certification at twice the rate of in-house developers.  Other factors found to be associated with adoption of QA certification are large development groups, developers with government or overseas clients, organisations with whole- or part-foreign ownership, and organisations undertaking corporate TQM initiatives.  From the findings, detailed implications are drawn for managers and policy analysts
Dispatched, a novel sterol-sensing domain protein dedicated to the release of cholesterol-modified hedgehog from signaling cells.

Members of the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signaling proteins function as potent short-range organizers in animal development. Their range of action is limited by a C-terminal cholesterol tether and the upregulation of Patched (Ptc) receptor levels. Here we identify a novel segment-polarity gene in Drosophila, dispatched (disp), and demonstrate that its product is required in sending cells for normal Hh function. In the absence of Disp, cholesterol-modified but not cholesterol-free Hh is retained in these cells, indicating that Disp functions to release cholesterol-anchored Hh. Despite their opposite roles, Disp and Ptc share structural homology in the form of a sterol-sensing domain, suggesting that release and sequestration of cholesterol-modified Hh may be based on related molecular pathways
Search for heavy long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} =7 TeV

The result of a search for heavy long-lived charged particles produced in pp collisions at View the MathML source at the LHC is described. The data sample has been collected using the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1. The inner tracking detectors are used to define a sample of events containing tracks with high momentum and high ionization energy loss. A second sample of events, which have high-momentum tracks satisfying muon identification requirements in addition to meeting high-ionization and long time-of-flight requirements, is analyzed independently. In both cases, the results are consistent with the expected background estimated from data. The results are used to establish cross section limits as a function of mass within the context of models with long-lived gluinos, scalar top quarks and scalar taus. Cross section limits on hyper-meson particles, containing new elementary long-lived hyper-quarks predicted by a vector-like confinement model, are also presented. Lower limits at 95% confidence level on the mass of gluinos (scalar top quarks) are found to be 1098 (737) GeV/c2. A limit of 928 (626) GeV/c2 is set for a gluino (scalar top quark) that hadronizes into a neutral bound state before reaching the muon detectors. The lower mass limit for a pair produced scalar tau is found to be 223 GeV/c2. Mass limits for a hyper-kaon are placed at 484, 602, and 747 GeV/c2 for hyper-ρ masses of 800, 1200, and 1600 GeV/c2, respectively
Financial Liberalization, Private Investment and Portfolio Choice: Financialization of Real Sectors in Emerging Markets

Using firm level panel data, we analyze the impacts of rates of return gap between financial and fixed investments under uncertainty on real investment performance in three emerging markets, Argentina, Mexico and Turkey. Employing a portfolio choice model to explain the low fixed investment rates in developing countries during the 1990s, we suggest that rather than investing in irreversible long term fixed investments, firms may choose to invest in reversible short term financial investments depending on respective rates of returns and the overall uncertainty in the economy. The empirical results show that increasing rates of return gap and uncertainty have an economically and statistically significant fixed investment reducing effect while the opposite is true with respect to financial investments.
Econometric estimation in long-range dependent volatility models: Theory and practice

It is commonly accepted that some financial data may exhibit long-range dependence, while other financial data exhibit intermediate-range dependence or short-range dependence. These behaviors may be fitted to a continuous-time fractional stochastic model. The estimation procedure proposed in this paper is based on a continuous-time version of the Gauss–Whittle objective function to find the parameter estimates that minimize the discrepancy between the spectral density and the data periodogram. As a special case, the proposed estimation procedure is applied to a class of fractional stochastic volatility models to estimate the drift, standard deviation and memory parameters of the volatility process under consideration. As an application, the volatility of the Dow Jones, S&P 500, CAC 40, DAX 30, FTSE 100 and NIKKEI 225 is estimated.
Modelling and Inference with Conditional Gaussian Probabilistic Decision Graphs*

Probabilistic decision graphs (PDGs) are probabilistic graphical models that represent a factorisation of a discrete joint probability distribution using a “decision graph”-like structure over local marginal parameters. The structure of a PDG enables the model to capture some context specific independence relations that are not representable in the structure of more commonly used graphical models such as Bayesian networks and Markov networks. This sometimes makes operations in PDGs more efficient than in alternative models. PDGs have previously been defined only in the discrete case, assuming a multinomial joint distribution over the variables in the model. We extend PDGs to incorporate continuous variables, by assuming a Conditional Gaussian (CG) joint distribution. We also show how inference can be carried out in an efficient way
Small stakes risk aversion in the laboratory: A reconsideration

Evidence of risk aversion in laboratory settings over small stakes leads to a priori implausible levels of risk aversion over large stakes under certain assumptions. One core assumption in statements of this calibration puzzle is that small-stakes risk aversion is observed over all levels of wealth, or over a â  sufficiently largeâ   range of wealth. Although this assumption is viewed as self-evident from the vast experimental literature showing risk aversion over laboratory stakes, it actually requires that lab wealth be varied for a given subject as one evaluates the risk attitudes of the subject. We consider evidence from a simple design that tests this assumption, and find that the assumption is strikingly rejected for a large sample of subjects from a population of college students. We conclude that the implausible predictions that flow from these assumptions do not apply to one specialized population widely used to study economic behavior in laboratory experiments
Attributing responsibility for energy justice: A case study of the Hinkley Point Nuclear Complex

Since 2006, as part of the transition to low-carbon technologies, UK energy policy has moved towards incentivising new nuclear power production. As a result, the UK has developed a (now delayed) strategy to deliver around 16GW of new nuclear power by 2030. This policy context provides an opportunity to reflect not only on the material infrastructure needed to meet transition targets, but also on who is responsible for the energy justice implications of these decisions. Using data collected from 26 semi-structured interviews with NGO and policy representatives, this paper presents a case study of energy justice concerns surrounding the Hinkley Point Nuclear Complex in Somerset, focusing particularly on the highly controversial Hinkley Point C developments. The results emphasise the importance of considering not only instances of energy justice or injustice, but of attributing responsibility for them, a concept that has been largely overlooked in the energy justice literature. NGOs, government and business allocate responsibility differently in nuclear energy decision-making. We find that perceptions of responsibility are highly dependent upon the level of transparency in decision-making. This article is part of a Virtual Special Issue entitled ‘Exploring the Energy Justice Nexus’
Local average consensus in distributed measurement of spatial–temporal varying parameters: 1D case

We study a new variant of consensus problems, termed ‘local average consensus’, in networks of agents.
We consider the task of using sensor networks to perform distributed measurement of a parameter which
has both spatial (in this paper 1D) and temporal variations. Our idea is to maintain potentially useful local
information regarding spatial variation, as contrasted with reaching a single, global consensus, as well as
to mitigate the effect of measurement errors. We employ two schemes for computation of local average
consensus: exponential weighting and uniform finite window. In both schemes, we design local average
consensus algorithms to address first the case where the measured parameter has spatial variation but
is constant in time, and then the case where the measured parameter has both spatial and temporal
variations. Our designed algorithms are distributed, in that information is exchanged only among
neighbors. Moreover, we analyze both spatial and temporal frequency responses and noise propagation
associated with the algorithms. The tradeoffs of using local consensus, as compared to standard global
consensus, include higher memory requirement and degraded noise performance. Arbitrary updating
weights and random spacing between sensors are also analyzed in the proposed algorithms.K. Cai’s work was supported by Program to Disseminate Tenure
Tracking System and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research No.
26870169, MEXT, Japan. B.D.O. Anderson’s work was supported by
the Australian Research Council through DP-130103610 and DP-
110100538 and by National ICT Australia. C. Yu’s work was supported
by the Australian Research Council through DP-130103610
and a Queen Elizabeth II Fellowship under DP-110100538, the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (61375072), and the
Overseas Expert Program of Shandong Province
A population of highly energetic transient events in the centres of active galaxies.

Recent all-sky surveys have led to the discovery of new types of transients. These include stars disrupted by the central supermassive black hole, and supernovae that are 10–100 times more energetic than typical ones. However, the nature of even more energetic transients that apparently occur in the innermost regions of their host galaxies is hotly debated1,2,3. Here we report the discovery of the most energetic of these to date: PS1-10adi, with a total radiated energy of ~2.3 × 1052 erg. The slow evolution of its light curve and persistently narrow spectral lines over ∼ 3 yr are inconsistent with known types of recurring black hole variability. The observed properties imply powering by shock interaction between expanding material and large quantities of surrounding dense matter. Plausible sources of this expanding material are a star that has been tidally disrupted by the central black hole, or a supernova. Both could satisfy the energy budget. For the former, we would be forced to invoke a new and hitherto unseen variant of a tidally disrupted star, while a supernova origin relies principally on environmental effects resulting from its nuclear location. Remarkably, we also discover that PS1-10adi is not an isolated case. We therefore surmise that this new population of transients has previously been overlooked due to incorrect association with underlying central black hole activity
Does it matter whether friends, parents, or peers drink walk? Identifying which normative influences predict young pedestrian's decisions to walk while intoxicated

Drink walking, that is walking in a public place while intoxicated, is associated with increased risk of injury and fatality. Young people and males are especially prone to engaging in this behaviour, yet little is known about the factors associated with individual’s decisions to drink walk. The present research explores the role of different normative influences (friendship group norm, parent group norm, university peer group norm) and perceived risk, within an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework, in predicting young people’s self-reported drink walking intentions. One hundred and eighteen young people (aged 17-25 years) completed a survey including sociodemographic measures and extended TPB measures related to drink walking. Overall the extended TPB explained 72.8% of the variance in young people’s intentions to drink walk in the next six months with attitude, perceived behavioural control, friendship group norm, and gender (male) emerging as significant predictors. Males, as compared with females, had higher intentions to drink walk and lower perceptions of risk regarding drink walking. Together, these findings provide a clearer indication of the salient normative influences and gender differences in young pedestrian’s decisions to walk while intoxicated. Such findings can be used to inform future interventions designed to reduce injuries and fatalities associated with drink walking
Above ground perennial plant biomass across an altitudinal and land-use gradient in Namaqualand  South Africa

This study set out to generate estimates of the standing perennial biomass for six different vegetation types, and associated upland and lowland habitats, across the altitudinal gradient presented by the Kamiesberg mountain range in the Namaqualand region of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Volume-biomass regressions, established for 94 perennial species accounting for 70–80% of the plant cover, were used to generate these estimations. Comparisons to other studies give similar findings, corroborating the method adopted. Biomass was found to vary significantly in relation to the altitudinal, and associated rainfall, gradient, as well as by habitat type where the rocky uplands have considerably more biomass that the sandy lowland habitats. An examination of the impact of sustained heavy grazing associated with a communal rangeland on this standing perennial biomass, showed a significant decrease in on the lowland habitats. This loss in biomass is principally of palatable species, with no evidence of a response in terms of perennial biomass. These findings point to degradation on the lowland habitats of the communal rangeland, with negative consequences for livestock farmers in the region
Novel Master Formula for Twist-3 Soft-Gluon-Pole Mechanism to Single
  Transverse-Spin Asymmetry

We prove that twist-3 soft-gluon-pole (SGP) cross section for single spin
asymmetries is determined by a certain ``primordial'' twist-2 cross section up
to kinematic and color factors in the leading order perturbative QCD. This
unveils universal structure behind the SGP cross sections in a variety of hard
processes, and also the special role of the scale invariance in the
corresponding primordial cross section, which leads to remarkable
simplification of the SGP cross sections for the production of massless
particle, such as those for pion production p^\uparrow p \to \pi X and
direct-photon production p^\uparrow p \to \gamma X.Comment: 4 pages, 4 eps figures. To appear in the proceedings of 15th
  International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects
  (DIS2007), Munich, Germany, 16-20 Apr 200
The impact of risk-reducing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy on survival in patients with a history of breast cancer – a population-based data linkage study

Prophylactic surgery including hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is recommended in BRCA positive women, while in women from the general population, hysterectomy plus BSO may increase the risk of overall mortality. The effect of hysterectomy plus BSO on women previously diagnosed with breast cancer is unknown. We used data from a population-base data linkage study of all women diagnosed with primary breast cancer in Queensland, Australia between 1997 and 2008 (n=21,067). We fitted flexible parametric breast cancer specific and overall survival models with 95% confidence intervals (also known as Royston-Parmar models) to assess the impact of risk-reducing surgery (removal of uterus, one or both ovaries). We also stratified analyses by age 20-49 and 50-79 years, respectively. Overall, 1,426 women (7%) underwent risk-reducing surgery (13% of premenopausal women and 3% of postmenopausal women). No women who had risk-reducing surgery, compared to 171 who did not have risk-reducing surgery developed a gynaecological cancer. Overall, 3,165 (15%) women died, including 2,195 (10%) from breast cancer. Hysterectomy plus BSO was associated with significantly reduced risk of death overall (adjusted HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.89; P =0.005). Risk reduction was greater among premenopausal women, whose risk of death halved (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P < 0.006). This was largely driven by reduction in breast cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79; P < 0.006). This population-based study found that risk-reducing surgery halved the mortality risk for premenopausal breast cancer patients. Replication of our results in independent cohorts, and subsequently randomised trials are needed to confirm these findings