pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Is Caused by IFIH1 Mutations

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare, genetically determined early-onset progressive encephalopathy. To date, mutations in six genes have been identified as etiologic for AGS. Our Japanese nationwide AGS survey identified six AGS-affected individuals without a molecular diagnosis; we performed whole-exome sequencing on three of these individuals. After removal of the common polymorphisms found in SNP databases, we were able to identify IFIH1 heterozygous missense mutations in all three. In vitro functional analysis revealed that IFIH1 mutations increased type I interferon production, and the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes were elevated. IFIH1 encodes MDA5, and mutant MDA5 lacked ligand-specific responsiveness, similarly to the dominant Ifih1 mutation responsible for the SLE mouse model that results in type I interferon overproduction. This study suggests that the IFIH1 mutations are responsible for the AGS phenotype due to an excessive production of type I interferon
New quark relations for hadron masses and magnetic moments: A challenge for explanation from QCD

AbstractPrompted by the recent surprising results in QCD spectroscopy, we extend the treatment of the constituent quark model showing that mass differences and ratios have the same values when obtained from mesons and baryons. We obtain several new successful relations involving hadrons containing two and three strange quarks and hadrons containing heavy quarks and give a new prediction regarding spin splitting between doubly charmed baryons. We provide numerical evidence for an effective supersymmetry between mesons and baryons related by replacing a light antiquark by a light diquark. We also obtain new relations between quark magnetic moments and hadron masses. Limits of validity of this approach and disagreements with experiment in properties of the Σ and Ξ baryons are discussed as possible clues to a derivation from QCD
Even-dimensional topological gravity from Chern–Simons gravity

AbstractIt is shown that the topological action for gravity in 2n-dimensions can be obtained from the (2n+1)-dimensional Chern–Simons gravity genuinely invariant under the Poincaré group. The 2n-dimensional topological gravity is described by the dynamics of the boundary of a (2n+1)-dimensional Chern–Simons gravity theory with suitable boundary conditions.The field ϕa, which is necessary to construct this type of topological gravity in even dimensions, is identified with the coset field associated with the non-linear realizations of the Poincare group ISO(d−1,1)
Florbetaben PET imaging to detect amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease: Phase 3 study

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of brain β-amyloid by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.MethodsOpen-label, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 3 study to validate the 18F-labeled β-amyloid tracer florbetaben by comparing in vivo PET imaging with post-mortem histopathology.ResultsBrain images and tissue from 74 deceased subjects (of 216 trial participants) were analyzed. Forty-six of 47 neuritic β-amyloid-positive cases were read as PET positive, and 24 of 27 neuritic β-amyloid plaque-negative cases were read as PET negative (sensitivity 97.9% [95% confidence interval or CI 93.8–100%], specificity 88.9% [95% CI 77.0–100%]). In a subgroup, a regional tissue-scan matched analysis was performed. In areas known to strongly accumulate β-amyloid plaques, sensitivity and specificity were 82% to 90%, and 86% to 95%, respectively.ConclusionsFlorbetaben PET shows high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of histopathology-confirmed neuritic β-amyloid plaques and may thus be a valuable adjunct to clinical diagnosis, particularly for the exclusion of AD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01020838
Systematics of quark/gluon tagging

By measuring the substructure of a jet, one can assign it a "quark" or
"gluon" tag. In the eikonal (double-logarithmic) limit, quark/gluon
discrimination is determined solely by the color factor of the initiating
parton (C_F versus C_A). In this paper, we confront the challenges faced when
going beyond this leading-order understanding, using both parton-shower
generators and first-principles calculations to assess the impact of
higher-order perturbative and nonperturbative physics. Working in the idealized
context of electron-positron collisions, where one can define a proxy for quark
and gluon jets based on the Lorentz structure of the production vertex, we find
a fascinating interplay between perturbative shower effects and nonperturbative
hadronization effects. Turning to proton-proton collisions, we highlight a core
set of measurements that would constrain current uncertainties in quark/gluon
tagging and improve the overall modeling of jets at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 50 pages, 20 figures, extended version of the Les Houches 2015 study
  from arXiv:1605.04692; v2: updated to approximately match journal version,
  including improved discussion of nonperturbative Casimir scaling and more
  umlaut
First measurement of the polarization observable $E$ and
  helicity-dependent cross sections in single $\pi^{0}$ photoproduction from
  quasi-free nucleons

The double-polarization observable $E$ and the helicity-dependent cross
sections $\sigma_{1/2}$ and $\sigma_{3/2}$ have been measured for the first
time for single $\pi^{0}$ photoproduction from protons and neutrons bound in
the deuteron at the electron accelerator facility MAMI in Mainz, Germany. The
experiment used a circularly polarized photon beam and a longitudinally
polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products, recoil nucleons and
decay photons from the $\pi^0$ meson were detected with the Crystal Ball and
TAPS electromagnetic calorimeters. Effects from nuclear Fermi motion were
removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the $\pi^{0}N$ final state. A
comparison to data measured with a free proton target showed that the absolute
scale of the cross sections is significantly modified by nuclear final-state
interaction (FSI) effects. However, there is no significant effect on the
asymmetry $E$ since the $\sigma_{1/2}$ and $\sigma_{3/2}$ components appear to
be influenced in a similar way. Thus, the best approximation of the two
helicity-dependent cross sections for the free neutron is obtained by combining
the asymmetry $E$ measured with quasi-free neutrons and the unpolarized cross
section corrected for FSI effects under the assumption that the FSI effects are
similar for neutrons and protons.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Feedback by massive stars and the emergence of superbubbles. II. X-ray properties

This article has an erratum M. Krause, et al., ???Feedback by massive stars and the emergence of superbubbles. II. X-ray properties???, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 566, June 2014. This version of record is available online at: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2014/06/aa23871-14/aa23871-14.html Reproduced with Permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, ?? ESO 2014.Context. In a previous paper we investigated the energy transfer of massive stars to the interstellar medium (ISM) as a function of time and the geometrical configuration of three massive stars via 3D-mesh-refining hydrodynamics simulations, following the complete evolution of the massive stars and their supernovaewith the exception of non-thermal processes. Aims. To compare our results against observations we derivethermalX-ray properties of the ISM from our simulations and compare them to observations of superbubbles in general, to the well-studied nearby Orion-Eridanus superbubble and to the diffuse soft X-ray emission of nearby galaxies. Methods. We analysed our ISM simulation results with the help of spectra for plasma temperatures between 0.1 and 10 keV and computed the spectral evolution and the spatio-temporal distribution of the hot gas. Results. Despite significant input of high-temperature gas from supernovae and fast stellar winds, the resultingthermalX-ray spectra are generally very soft, with most of the emission well below 1 keV. We show that this is due to mixing triggered by resolved hydrodynamic instabilities. Supernovae enhance the X-ray luminosity of a superbubble by 1???2 orders of magnitude for a time span of about 0.1 Myr; which is longer if a supernova occurs in a larger superbubble and shorter in higher energy bands. Peak superbubble luminosities of the order of 1036 erg s-1 are reproduced well. The strong decay of the X-ray luminosity is due to bubble expansion, hydrodynamic instabilities related to the acceleration of the superbubble???s shell thanks to the sudden energy input, and subsequent mixing. We also find global oscillations of our simulated superbubbles, which produce spatial variations of the X-ray spectrum, similar to what we see in the Orion-Eridanus cavity. We calculated the fraction of energy emitted in X-rays and find that with a value of a few times 10-4, it is about a factor of ten below the measurements for nearby galaxies. Conclusions. Our models explain the observed soft spectra and peak X-ray luminosities of individual superbubbles. Each supernova event inside a superbubble produces a fairly similar heating-entrainment-cooling sequence, and the energy content of superbubbles is always determined by a specific fraction of the energy released by one supernova. For a given superbubble, soft X-rays trace the internal energy content well with moderate scatter. Some mechanism seems to delay the energy loss in real superbubbles compared to our simulations. Alternatively, some mechanism other thanthermal emission ofsuperbubbles may contribute to the soft X-ray luminosity of star-forming galaxies
Measurement of the triple-differential cross section for photon + jets production in proton-proton collisions at √ = 7 TeV

A measurement of the triple-differential cross section, d3 σ/ (dpT γdηγ dηjet), in photon + jets final states using a data sample from proton-proton collisions at √ = 7 TeV is presented. This sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.14 fb-1 collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Photons and jets are reconstructed within a pseudorapidity range of |η| < 2.5, and are required to have transverse momenta in the range 40 < pT jet < 300 GeV and < pT jet > 30 GeV, respectively. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions from the sherpa leading-order QCD Monte Carlo event generator and the next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculation from jetphox. The predictions are found to be consistent with the data over most of the examined kinematic region.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for new physics is performed based on events with jets and a pair of isolated, same-sign leptons. The results are obtained using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns. In order to be sensitive to a wide variety of possible signals beyond the standard model, multiple search regions defined by the missing transverse energy, the hadronic energy, the number of jets and b-quark jets, and the transverse momenta of the leptons in the events are considered. No excess above the standard model background expectation is observed and constraints are set on a number of models for new physics, as well as on the same-sign top-quark pair and quadruple- top-quark production cross sections. Information on event selection efficiencies is also provided, so that the results can be used to confront an even broader class of new physics models
Vibration of debonded laminated fibre composite sandwich beams

A new generation composite sandwich made up of glass fibre reinforced polymer skins and lightweight but high strength core material has been developed in Australia. A structural composite beam can be manufactured by gluing a number of these sandwiches. The presence of unbonded areas in the glue line due to manufacturing faults or deterioration in bond in some of the originally fully bonded areas due to aging is a possibility in a FRP structure consisting of glue-laminated fibre composite sandwich beams. The presence of no bonding in some areas of the glue line may cause changes to the vibration parameters, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes, of the beam. In particular, unbonded areas could reduce the natural frequency and if the reduced natural frequency is close to the working frequency of the beam, resonance could happen. Therefore, it is imperative to make accurate predictions of changes in natural frequencies in such beams. This paper presents a numerical investigation into changes in natural frequency due to various amounts of debonding along the glue line in a laminated fibre composite sandwich beam. The numerical analysis is carried out using beam and link elements (rigid links and master slave links) in Strand7 finite element software package. The accuracy of the numerical solution is verified by comparing present results with bench mark solutions reported in the literature. Variation of the natural vibration frequencies with delamination length in a composite beam constructed from four layers of sandwich plates is presented
Heterogeneity in Hospitals' Responses to a Financial Reform: A Random Coefficient Analysis of The Impact of Activity-Based Financing on Efficiency

The paper examines the heterogeneity with respect to the impact of a financial reform - Activity Based Financing (ABF) - on hospital efficiency in Norway. Measures of technical efficiency and of cost-efficiency are considered. The data set is from a contiguous ten-year panel of 47 hospitals covering both pre-ABF years and years after its imposition. Substantial heterogeneity in the responses, as measured by both estimated and predicted coefficients, is found. Rank correlations between the estimated/predicted coefficients of the ABF dummy and the pre-ABF/post-ABF efficiencies are examined.
Overall, improvement seems to be more pronounced in technical efficiency than in cost-efficiency.
Forecasting spot electricity prices: A comparison of parametric and semiparametric time series models

This empirical paper compares the accuracy of 12 time series methods for short-term (day-ahead) spot price forecasting in auction-type electricity markets. The methods considered include standard autoregression (AR) models, their extensions – spike preprocessed, threshold
and semiparametric autoregressions (i.e. AR models with nonparametric innovations), as well as, mean-reverting jump diffusions. The methods are compared using a time series of hourly spot prices and system-wide loads for California and a series of hourly spot prices and air temperatures for the Nordic market. We find evidence that (i) models with system load as the exogenous variable generally perform better than pure price models, while this is not necessarily
the case when air temperature is considered as the exogenous variable, and that (ii) semiparametric models generally lead to better point and interval forecasts than their competitors, more importantly, they have the potential to perform well under diverse market conditions.
Corporate Tax Evasion: the Case for Specialists

Economists agree that accounting specialists are helpful in avoiding taxes. We argue that such help can often be called sophisticated evasion. We analyze it in a game of incomplete information played by tax authority, corporate taxpayers and accounting specialist. When sophisticated evasion is very common, marginal changes in enforcement are not effective, so radical measures are needed for improving compliance. Fines on firms as opposed to specialist are more effective in facilitating such measures. When the evasion is modest, auditing and accounting costs as opposed to fines are more effective in curbing it.
Quantifying backflash radiation to prevent zero-error attacks in quantum key distribution

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most widespread commercial solution for single-photon counting in quantum\ud
key distribution applications. However, the secondary photon emission that arises from the avalanche of charge carriers that\ud
occurs during the detection of a photon may be exploited by an eavesdropper to gain information without inducing errors in the\ud
transmission key. In this paper, we characterize such backflash light in gated InGaAs/InP SPADs and discuss its spectral and\ud
temporal characterization for different detector models and different operating parameters. We qualitatively bound the maximum\ud
information leakage due to backflash light and propose solutions for preventing such leakage
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in pp collisions at √s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV

The strength of forward-backward (FB) multiplicity correlations is measured by the ALICE detector in proton-proton (pp) collisions at p s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7TeV. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|_| < 0.8) for the transverse momentum pT > 0.3 GeV/c. Two separate pseudorapidity windows of width (__) ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 are chosen symmetrically around _ = 0. The multiplicity correlation strength (bcorr) is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity gap (_gap) between the two windows as well as the width of these windows. The correlation strength is found to decrease with increasing _gap and shows a non-linear increase with __. A sizable increase of the correlation strength with the collision energy, which cannot be explained exclusively by the increase of the mean multiplicity inside the windows, is observed. The correlation coefficient is also measured for multiplicities in different configurations of two azimuthal sectors selected within the symmetric FB _-windows. Two different contributions, the short-range (SR) and the long-range (LR), are observed. The energy dependence of bcorr is found to be weak for the SR component while it is strong for the LR component. Moreover, the correlation coefficient is studied for particles belonging to various transverse momentum intervals chosen to have the same mean multiplicity. Both SR and LR contributions to bcorr are found to increase with pT in this case. Results are compared to PYTHIA and PHOJET event generators and to a string-based phenomenological model. The observed dependencies of bcorr add new constraints on phenomenological models
Heterotic α' corrections in Double Field Theory

We extend the generalized flux formulation of Double Field Theory to include all the first order bosonic contributions to the α´ expansion of the heterotic string low energy effective theory. The generalized tangent space and duality group are enhanced by α′corrections, and the gauge symmetries are generated by the usual (gauged) generalized Lie derivative in the extended space. The generalized frame receives derivative corrections through the spin connection with torsion, which is incorporated as a new degree of freedom in the extended bein. We compute the generalized fluxes and find the Riemann curvature tensor with torsion as one of their components. All the four-derivative terms of the action, Bianchi identities and equations of motion are reproduced. Using this formalism, we obtain the first order α′corrections to the heterotic Buscher rules. The relation of our results to alternative formulations in the literature is discussed and future research directions are outlined.Fil: Bedoya, Oscar A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Marques, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Nuñez, Carmen Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentin
Lithological controls on the deformation mechanisms operating within carbonate-hosted faults during the seismic cycle.

A significant proportion of moderate-large earthquakes, plus aftershocks, nucleate within and propagate through upper-crustal carbonate-dominated sequences, where the effects of lithological variations on fault behaviour are poorly understood. The Gubbio fault is an active (1984, Ms = 5.2) normal fault in Italy, hosted in Mesozoic–Cenozoic limestones and interbedded marls. Fault core domains derived from limestone at the studied outcrop are characterised by fractures/hydrofractures and breccias and host a number of localised (<1.5 mm wide) principal slip zones (PSZs). The majority of displacement of up to 230 m is concentrated in these PSZs, which comprise cataclasites, gouges, and calcite veins. Degassing bubbles, ‘quenched’ calcite, and the transformation of smectite to illite, are also observed within PSZs, implying frictional heating and seismic slip. In contrast, marl-rich domains exhibit distributed shear planes bounding a continuous and pervasive foliation, defined by phyllosilicate-rich pressure-solution seams. Microstructures in the seams include folds/kinks of phyllosilicates and pressure shadows around clasts, consistent with aseismic fault creep. A model is proposed for the behaviour of lithologically complex carbonate-hosted faults during the seismic cycle, whereby limestone-dominated fault core domains behave in a predominantly seismic manner, whereas phyllosilicate-rich domains behave in a predominantly aseismic manner
The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. IV : optical identification of the XMM-Newton medium sensitivity survey (XMS).\ud

Aims.X-ray sources at intermediate fluxes (a few 10-14 erg cm-2 s-1) with a sky density of ~100 deg-2 are responsible for a significant fraction of the cosmic X-ray background at various energies below 10 keV. The aim of this paper is to provide an unbiased and quantitative description of the X-ray source population at these fluxes and in various X-ray energy bands.\ud
Methods.We present the XMM-Newton Medium sensitivity Survey (XMS), including a total of 318 X-ray sources found among the serendipitous content of 25 XMM-Newton target fields. The XMS comprises four largely overlapping source samples selected at soft (0.5-2 keV), intermediate (0.5-4.5 keV), hard (2-10 keV) and ultra-hard (4.5-7.5 keV) bands, the first three of them being flux-limited.\ud
Results.We report on the optical identification of the XMS samples, complete to 85-95%. At the flux levels sampled by the XMS we find that the X-ray sky is largely dominated by Active Galactic Nuclei. The fraction of stars in soft X-ray selected samples is below 10%, and only a few per cent for hard selected samples. We find that the fraction of optically obscured objects in the AGN population stays constant at around 15-20% for soft and intermediate band selected X-ray sources, over 2 decades of flux. The fraction of obscured objects amongst the AGN population is larger (~35-45%) in the hard or ultra-hard selected samples, and constant across a similarly wide flux range. The distribution in X-ray-to-optical flux ratio is a strong function of the selection band, with a larger fraction of sources with high values in hard selected samples. Sources with X-ray-to-optical flux ratios in excess of 10 are dominated by obscured AGN, but with a significant contribution from unobscured AGN