pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Thermal Scalar and Random Walks in AdS3 and BTZ

We analyze near-Hagedorn thermodynamics of strings in the WZW $AdS_3$ model.
We compute the thermal spectrum of all primaries and find the thermal scalar
explicitly in the string spectrum using CFT twist techniques. Then we use the
link to the Euclidean WZW BTZ black hole and write down the Euclidean BTZ
spectrum. We give a Hamiltonian interpretation of the thermal partition
function of angular orbifolds where we find a reappearance of discrete states
that dominate the partition function. Using these results, we discuss the
nature of the thermal scalar in the WZW BTZ model. As a slight generalization
of the angular orbifolds, we discuss the $AdS_3$ string gas with a non-zero
chemical potential corresponding to angular momentum around the spatial cigar.
For this model as well, we determine the thermal spectrum and the Hagedorn
temperature as a function of chemical potential. Finally the nature of
$\alpha'$ corrections to the $AdS_3$ thermal scalar action is analyzed and we
find the random walk behavior of highly excited strings in this particular
$AdS_3$ background.Comment: 74 pages, v2: version accepted for publication in JHE
The Extended Cartan Homotopy Formula and a Subspace Separation Method
  for Chern--Simons Theory

In the context of Chern--Simons (CS) Theory, a subspace separation method for
the Lagrangian is proposed. The method is based on the iterative use of the
Extended Cartan Homotopy Formula, and allows one to (1) separate the action in
bulk and boundary contributions, and (2) systematically split the Lagrangian in
appropriate reflection of the the subspace structure of the gauge algebra. In
order to apply the method, one must regard CS forms as a particular case of
more general objects known as transgression forms. Five-dimensional CS
Supergravity is used as an example to illustrate the method.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur
Bound States of Black Holes and Other $P$-Branes

In the process of identifying heterotic and Type $II$ BPS string states with
extremal dilaton black holes, it has been suggested that solutions with
scalar/Maxwell parameters $a=\sqrt{3}$, $1$, $1/\sqrt{3}$ and $0$ correspond to
$1-$, $2-$, $3-$ and $4$-particle bound states at threshold. (For example, the
Reissner-Nordstrom black hole is just a superposition of four Kaluza-Klein
black holes). Here we show that not only the masses, electric charges and
magnetic charges but also the spins and supermultiplet structures of the string
states are consistent with this interpretation. Their superspin $L$ corresponds
to the Kerr-type angular momentum and hence only the $L=0$ elementary BPS
states are black holes. Moreover, these results generalize to super $p$-branes
in $D$-dimensions. By constructing multi-centered $p$-brane solitons, the new
super $p$-branes found recently with various values of
$a^2=\Delta-2(p+1)(D-p-3)/(D-2)$ are seen to be bound states of the fundamental
ones with $\Delta=4$.Comment: 22 pages, Latex; improved discussions of: zero versus non-zero
  binding energy, consistent truncations, naked singularities; extra references
  added and typographical errors correcte
On the Wilf-Stanley limit of 4231-avoiding permutations and a conjecture
  of Arratia

We construct a sequence of finite automata that accept subclasses of the
class of 4231-avoiding permutations. We thereby show that the Wilf-Stanley
limit for the class of 4231-avoiding permutations is bounded below by 9.35.
This bound shows that this class has the largest such limit among all classes
of permutations avoiding a single permutation of length 4 and refutes the
conjecture that the Wilf-Stanley limit of a class of permutations avoiding a
single permutation of length k cannot exceed (k-1)^2.Comment: Submitted to Advances in Applied Mathematic
Simple homotopy types of Hom-complexes, neighborhood complexes, Lov\'asz
  complexes, and atom crosscut complexes

In this paper we provide concrete combinatorial formal deformation
algorithms, namely sequences of elementary collapses and expansions, which
relate various previously extensively studied families of combinatorially
defined polyhedral complexes.
  To start with, we give a sequence of elementary collapses leading from the
barycentric subdivision of the neighborhood complex to the Lov\'asz complex of
a graph. Then, for an arbitrary lattice ${\mathcal L}$ we describe a formal
deformation of the barycentric subdivision of the atom crosscut complex
$\Gamma({\mathcal L})$ to its order complex $\Delta(\bar{\mathcal L})$. We
proceed by proving that the complex of sets bounded from below ${\mathcal
J}({\mathcal L})$ can also be collapsed to $\Delta(\bar{\mathcal L})$.
  Finally, as a pinnacle of our project, we apply all these results to certain
graph complexes. Namely, by describing an explicit formal deformation, we prove
that, for any graph $G$, the neighborhood complex ${\mathcal N}(G)$ and the
polyhedral complex $\text{\tt Hom}(K_2,G)$ have the same simple homotopy type
in the sense of Whitehead.Comment: The revised version to appear in Topology App
$\phi$-meson production at forward rapidity in p-Pb collisions at
  $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV and in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76 TeV

The first study of $\phi$-meson production in p-Pb collisions at forward and
backward rapidity, at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm
NN}} = 5.02$~TeV, has been performed with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. The
$\phi$-mesons have been identified in the dimuon decay channel in the
transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) range $1 < p_{\rm T} < 7$ GeV/$c$, both in
the p-going ($2.03 < y < 3.53$) and the Pb-going ($-4.46 < y < -2.96$)
directions, where $y$ stands for the rapidity in the nucleon-nucleon
centre-of-mass, the integrated luminosity amounting to $5.01 \pm
0.19$~nb$^{-1}$ and $5.81 \pm 0.20$~nb$^{-1}$, respectively, for the two data
samples. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and
rapidity are presented. The forward-backward ratio for $\phi$-meson production
is measured for $2.96<|y|<3.53$, resulting in a ratio $\sim 0.5$ with no
significant $p_{\rm T}$ dependence within the uncertainties. The $p_{\rm T}$
dependence of the $\phi$ nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm pPb}$ exhibits an
enhancement up to a factor 1.6 at $p_{\rm T}$ = 3-4 GeV/$c$ in the Pb-going
direction. The $p_{\rm T}$ dependence of the $\phi$-meson cross section in pp
collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 2.76 TeV, which is used to determine a reference for
the p-Pb results, is also presented here for $1 < p_{\rm T} < 5$ GeV/$c$ and
$2.5 <y < 4$ for a $78 \pm 3$~nb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity sample.Comment: 25 pages, 6 captioned figures, 7 tables, authors from page 20,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/169
Deformed Covariant Quantum Phase Spaces as Hopf Algebroids

We consider the general D=4 (10+10)-dimensional kappa-deformed quantum phase
space as given by Heisenberg double \mathcal{H} of D=4 kappa-deformed
Poincare-Hopf algebra H. The standard (4+4) -dimensional kappa - deformed
covariant quantum phase space spanned by kappa - deformed Minkowski coordinates
and commuting momenta generators ({x}_{\mu },{p}_{\mu }) is obtained as the
subalgebra of \mathcal{H}. We study further the property that Heisenberg double
defines particular quantum spaces with Hopf algebroid structure. We calculate
by using purely algebraic methods the explicite Hopf algebroid structure of
standard kappa - deformed quantum covariant phase space in Majid-Ruegg
bicrossproduct basis. The coproducts for Hopf algebroids are not unique,
determined modulo the coproduct gauge freedom. Finally we consider the
interpretation of the algebraic description of quantum phase spaces as Hopf
algebroids.Comment: 14 pages,v4; this version appeared in Physics Letters
Sunspot rotation. I. A consequence of flux emergence

Context. Solar eruptions and high flare activity often accompany the rapid
rotation of sunspots. The study of sunspot rotation and the mechanisms driving
this motion are therefore key to our understanding of how the solar atmosphere
attains the conditions necessary for large energy release.
  Aims. We aim to demonstrate and investigate the rotation of sunspots in a 3D
numerical experiment of the emergence of a magnetic flux tube as it rises
through the solar interior and emerges into the atmosphere. Furthermore, we
seek to show that the sub-photospheric twist stored in the interior is injected
into the solar atmosphere by means of a definitive rotation of the sunspots.
  Methods. A numerical experiment is performed to solve the 3D resistive
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations using a Lagrangian-Remap code. We track the
emergence of a toroidal flux tube as it rises through the solar interior and
emerges into the atmosphere investigating various quantities related to both
the magnetic field and plasma.
  Results. Through detailed analysis of the numerical experiment, we find clear
evidence that the photospheric footprints or sunspots of the flux tube undergo
a rotation. Significant vertical vortical motions are found to develop within
the two polarity sources after the field emerges. These rotational motions are
found to leave the interior portion of the field untwisted and twist up the
atmospheric portion of the field. This is shown by our analysis of the relative
magnetic helicity as a significant portion of the interior helicity is
transported to the atmosphere. In addition, there is a substantial transport of
magnetic energy to the atmosphere. Rotation angles are also calculated by
tracing selected fieldlines; the fieldlines threading through the sunspot are
found to rotate through angles of up to 353 degrees over the course of the
experiment
Learning to read new words in individuals with Down syndrome :
                    Testing the role of phonological knowledge

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Unported licence CC BY 3.0 ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access funded by Economic and Social Research Council.This study examined the effect of word level phonological knowledge on learning to read new words in Down syndrome compared to typical development. Children were taught to read 12 nonwords, 6 of which were pre-trained on their phonology. The 16 individuals with Down syndrome aged 8-17 years were compared first to a group of 30 typically developing children aged 5-7 years matched for word reading and then to a subgroup of these children matched for decoding. There was a marginally significant effect for individuals with Down syndrome to benefit more from phonological pre-training than typically developing children matched for word reading but when compared to the decoding-matched subgroup, the two groups benefitted equally. We explain these findings in terms of partial decoding attempts being resolved by word level phonological knowledge and conclude that being familiar with the spoken form of a new word may help children when they attempt to read it. This may be particularly important for children with Down syndrome and other groups of children with weak decoding skills
Concentration dependent interdiffusion in \ud
InGaAs/GaAs as evidenced by high resolution x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy

Abstract:\ud
A high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoluminescence study of a 10 nm InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure repeatedly diffused under thermally accurate and timed annealing conditions demonstrates that the Fickian model with a constant coefficient of diffusion is inadequate and that the distribution of compositions of the diffused well cannot be fitted with error functions. A simple model, with the well retaining its square shape and homogeneity while dissolving the barriers when annealed, is successful in modelling both the HRXRD and photoluminescence data
Responsible implementation of expanded carrier screening.

This document of the European Society of Human Genetics contains recommendations regarding responsible implementation of expanded carrier screening. Carrier screening is defined here as the detection of carrier status of recessive diseases in couples or persons who do not have an a priori increased risk of being a carrier based on their or their partners' personal or family history. Expanded carrier screening offers carrier screening for multiple autosomal and X-linked recessive disorders, facilitated by new genetic testing technologies, and allows testing of individuals regardless of ancestry or geographic origin. Carrier screening aims to identify couples who have an increased risk of having an affected child in order to facilitate informed reproductive decision making. In previous decades, carrier screening was typically performed for one or few relatively common recessive disorders associated with significant morbidity, reduced life-expectancy and often because of a considerable higher carrier frequency in a specific population for certain diseases. New genetic testing technologies enable the expansion of screening to multiple conditions, genes or sequence variants. Expanded carrier screening panels that have been introduced to date have been advertised and offered to health care professionals and the public on a commercial basis. This document discusses the challenges that expanded carrier screening might pose in the context of the lessons learnt from decades of population-based carrier screening and in the context of existing screening criteria. It aims to contribute to the public and professional discussion and to arrive at better clinical and laboratory practice guidelines.European Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 16 March 2016; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.271
Long-term behavior, accuracy and drift of LI-200 pyranometers\ud
as radiation sensors in Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI)

Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI) are frequently used for solar resource assessment at remote sites due to their significantly higher robustness for soiling, their lower power and maintenance requirements and their cheaper acquisition and operation in contrast to pyrheliometer on tracker systems. The primordial lower accuracy of their photodiode sensor, usually a LI-200 pyranometer from LI-COR Inc., is mainly caused by restrictions of their spectral sensitivity and temperature dependence. However accuracy is notably increased by application of corrections to the raw sensor response. Thus, finally a coincidence of DNI measurements from RSIs with high-precision pyrheliometer measurements within 15 W/m2 (root mean square deviation for 10 min averages) for actual values, less than 3% for daily DNI and within approximately 1.5% of the monthly and annual sum is reached. Within this contribution, the long-term behavior of the LI-COR sensor is examined with regard to the drift of the photodiode sensitivity. This is analyzed from recalibrations of 30 sensors after one to four years and from long-term studies lasting from one to several years. If a significant drift appears, the corresponding uncertainties can be reduced through recalculation of the previous measurement data for the total measurement campaign. Furthermore, studies about the coincidence and deviation of the responses for global, diffuse and direct irradiance of RSI measurements between several individual RSIs and to reference measurements from high-precision thermopiles are presented for different time resolutions
Interglacial history of a palaeo-lake and regional environment : a multi-proxy study of a Permafrost deposit from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island, Arctic Siberia

Chironomid, pollen, and rhizopod records from a permafrost sequence at Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (New Siberian Archipelago) document the development of a thermokarst palaeo-lake and environmental conditions in the region during the last Interglacial (MIS 5e). Open Poaceae and Artemisia associations dominated vegetation at the beginning of the interglacial period. Rare shrub thickets (Salix, Betula  nana, Alnus  fruticosa) grew in more protected and wetter places as well. Saalian ice wedges started to melt during this time, resulting in the formation of an initial thermokarst water body. The high percentage of semi-aquatic chironomids suggests that a peatland-pool initially existed at the site. A distinct decrease in semi-aquatic chironomid taxa and an increase in lacustrine ones point to a gradual pooling of water in the basin, which could in turn induce thermokarst and create a permanent pond during the subsequent period. The highest relative abundance of Chironomus and Procladius reflects unfrozen water remaining under the ice throughout the ice-covered period during the later stage of palaeo-lake development. The chironomid record points to three successive stages during the history of the lake: (1) a peatland pool; (2) a pond (i.e., shallower than the maximum ice-cover thickness); and (3) a shallow lake (i.e., deeper than the maximum ice-cover thickness). The trend of palaeo-lake development indicates that intensive thermokarst processes occurred in the region during the last Interglacial. Shrub tundra communities with Alnus  fruticosa and Betula  nana dominated the vegetation during the interglacial optimum. The climate was moister and warmer than present. The results of this study suggest that quantitative chironomid-based temperature reconstructions from Arctic thermokarst ponds/lakes may be problematic due to other key environmental factors, such as prolonged periods of winter anoxia and local hydrological/geomorphological processes, controlling the chironomid assemblages
Inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV

The ALICE Collaboration has measured inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy √s = 2.76 TeV at the LHC. The results presented in this Letter refer to the rapidity ranges |y| &lt; 0.9 and 2.5 &lt; y &lt; 4 and have been obtained by measuring the electron and muon pair decay channels, respectively. The integrated luminosities for the two channels are Leint = 1.1 nb−1 and Lμint = 19.9 nb−1, and the corresponding signal statistics are Ne+e−J/ψ= 59 ± 14 and Nμ+μ −J/ψ= 1364 ± 53. We present dσJ/ψ /dy for the two rapidity regions under study and, for the forward- y range, d2σJ/ψ /dy dpt in the transverse momentum domain 0 &lt; pt &lt; 8 GeV/c. The results are compared with previously published results at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and with theoretical calculations
Measurement of charm and beauty production at central rapidity versus charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

Prompt D meson and non-prompt J/ψ yields are studied as a function of the multiplicity of charged particles produced in inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7 TeV. The results are reported as a ratio between yields in a given multiplicity interval normalised to the multiplicity-integrated ones (relative yields). They are shown as a function of the multiplicity of charged particles normalised to the average value for inelastic collisions (relative charged-particle multiplicity). D0, D+ and D*+ mesons are measured in five p T intervals from 1 GeV/c to 20 GeV/c and for |y| &lt; 0.5 via their hadronic decays. The D-meson relative yield is found to increase with increasing charged-particle multiplicity. For events with multiplicity six times higher than the average multiplicity of inelastic collisions, a yield enhancement of a factor about 15 relative to the multiplicity-integrated yield in inelastic collisions is observed. The yield enhancement is independent of transverse momentum within the uncertainties of the measurement. The D0-meson relative yield is also measured as a function of the relative multiplicity at forward pseudo-rapidity. The non-prompt J/ψ, i.e. the B hadron, contribution to the inclusive J/ψ production is measured in the di-electron decay channel at central rapidity
Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model in final states with two opposite-sign same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2012. The analysis focuses on searches for a kinematic edge in the invariant mass distribution of the opposite-sign same-flavor lepton pair and for final states with an on-shell Z boson. The observations are consistent with expectations from standard model processes and are interpreted in terms of upper limits on the production of supersymmetric particles
Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

Results of searches for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV are presented corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns and 18.8 inverse femtobarns, respectively. Data collected with the CMS detector are used to study the momentum, energy deposition, and time-of-flight of signal candidates. Leptons with an electric charge between e/3 and 8e, as well as bound states that can undergo charge exchange with the detector material, are studied. Analysis results are presented for various combinations of signatures in the inner tracker only, inner tracker and muon detector, and muon detector only. Detector signatures utilized are long time-of-flight to the outer muon system and anomalously high (or low) energy deposition in the inner tracker. The data are consistent with the expected background, and upper limits are set on the production cross section of long-lived gluinos, scalar top quarks, and scalar tau leptons, as well as pair produced long-lived leptons. Corresponding lower mass limits, ranging up to 1322 GeV for gluinos, are the most stringent to date
Twistor/ambitwistor strings and null-superstrings in spacetime of D=4, 10 and 11 dimensions

We show that, at the classical level, the recently proposed ‘ambitwistor string’ model is equivalent to the spinor moving frame formulation of null-supersting, which in its turn is equivalent to Siegel’s formulation of closed twistor string or to its higher dimensional generalizations. Although the null-(super)string is usually considered as describing the tensionless limit of (super)string, we show that its action can be derived from the spinor moving frame formulation of superstring also in the infinite tension limit. This observation, supplemented by some indirect arguments, allows us to conjecture the absence of critical dimensions, i.e. that the (ambi)twistor string based technique(s) to calculate field theory amplitudes can be developed not only in D=10 or 26, but also in D=11 and other dimensions. The D=11 and D=10 twistor strings are described in some details