pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W′ boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 fb−1 of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at View the MathML source. The W′ boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W′→tb, leading to a final state signature with a single electron or muon, missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is identified as a b-jet. A W′ boson that couples to the right-handed (left-handed) chiral projections of the fermions with the same coupling constants as the W is excluded for masses below 1.85 (1.51) TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W′ gauge couplings for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits
Optimizing the Entrainment Geometry of a Dry Powder Inhaler :
                    Methodology and Preliminary Results

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Purpose: For passive dry powder inhalers (DPIs) entrainment and emission of the aerosolized drug dose depends strongly on device geometry and the patient???s inhalation manoeuvre. We propose a computational method for optimizing the entrainment part of a DPI. The approach assumes that the pulmonary delivery location of aerosol can be determined by the timing of dose emission into the tidal airstream. Methods: An optimization algorithm was used to iteratively perform computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of the drug emission of a DPI. The algorithm seeks to improve performance by changing the device geometry. Objectives were to achieve drug emission that was: A) independent of inhalation manoeuvre; B) similar to a target profile. The simulations used complete inhalation flow-rate profiles generated dependent on the device resistance. The CFD solver was OpenFOAM with drug/air flow simulated by the Eulerian-Eulerian method. Results: To demonstrate the method, a 2D geometry was optimized for inhalation independence (comparing two breath profiles) and an early-bolus delivery. Entrainment was both shear-driven and gas-assisted. Optimization for a delay in the bolus delivery was not possible with the chosen geometry. Conclusions: Computational optimization of a DPI geometry for most similar drug delivery has been accomplished for an example entrainment geometry
Search for the flavor-changing neutral current interactions of the top
  quark and the Higgs boson which decays into a pair of b quarks at $\sqrt{s}=$
  13 TeV

A search for flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC) in events with the top
quark and the Higgs boson is presented. The Higgs boson decay to a pair of b
quarks is considered. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity
of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton
collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. Two channels are considered: single top quark
FCNC production in association with the Higgs boson (pp $\to$ tH), and top
quark pair production with FCNC decay of the top quark (t $\to$ qH). Final
states with one isolated lepton and at least three reconstructed jets, among
which at least two are associated with b quarks, are studied. No significant
deviation is observed from the predicted background. Observed (expected) upper
limits at 95% confidence level are set on the branching fractions of top quark
decays, $\mathcal{B}$(t $\to$ uH) $<$ 0.47% (0.34%) and $\mathcal{B}$(t $\to$
cH) $<$ 0.47% (0.44%), assuming a single nonzero FCNC coupling.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-17-003
  (CMS Public Pages
A measurement of the ratio of the W and Z cross sections with exactly one associated jet in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

The ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio. Results are obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 33 pb−1. The results are compared with perturbative leading-order, leading-log, and next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and are found to agree within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The ratio is measured for events with a single jet with pT>30 GeVpT>30 GeV to be 8.73±0.30(stat)±0.40(syst)8.73±0.30(stat)±0.40(syst) in the electron channel, and 8.49±0.23(stat)±0.33(syst)8.49±0.23(stat)±0.33(syst) in the muon channel.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Sodety and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Lanthanide(III) Chelates of DTPA Bis(amide) Glycoconjugates: Potential Imaging Agents Targeted at the Asyaloglycoprotein Receptor

The synthesis and characterisation of a new class of DTPA bis(amide) linked glycoconjugates of different sugars [lactose (Lac) and galactose (Gal)] and valencies (di and tetra) and their LnIII complexes is reported. The 1H NMR spectra of the SmIII and EuIII complexes of DTPAGal2, DTPAGal4, and DTPALac2, obtained between 7 and 80 °C, indicate that several of the four possible diastereoisomeric pairs of structures resulting from the chirality of the three bound DTPA nitrogen atoms are present in solution, with different relative populations. The dynamic effects of racemisation of the central nitrogen atom in the NMR spectra show that this process is fast at 60 °C for the SmIII complexes and slow at 7 °C for the EuIII complexes. The in vitro r1 nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) of the water protons of the GdIII-DTPA bis(amide) glycoconjugate containing two lactosyl moieties [GdIII-DTPALac2] was studied, yielding the molecular parameters that govern its relaxivity. Its r1 value, at 25 °C and 20 MHz, is 13 % higher than that reported for GdIII chelates of lower molecular weight DTPA bis(amides), such as DTPA-BMA, consistent with a five times larger tauR value. The water exchange rate, kex, and the electron spin relaxation parameters of the GdIII-DTPALac2 complex are within the usual range for similar GdIII-DTPA bis(amide) chelates. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.20040076
Triton binding energies for modern NN forces and the π-π exchange three-nucleon force

We present high precision calculations for the triton binding energy using the most recent, phase equivalent realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials and the Tucson-Melbourne π-π three-nucleon force (3NF). That 3NF is included up to a total two-body angular momentum of jmax = 6. It is shown that the inclusion of the 3NF slows down the convergence in the partial waves and jmax = 5 is needed in order to achieve converged results within a few keV. We adjust the cut-off parameter Λ in the form factors of the Tucson-Melbourne 3NF separately for the different NN potentials to the triton binding energy. This provides a set of phenomenological 3N Hamiltonians which can be tested in three-nucleon scattering and systems with A > 3. Their NN correlation functions are compared to each other
Statistical effects of dose deposition in track-structure modelling of radiobiology efficiency

32 pages ; 8 figuresIon-induced cell killing has been reported to depend on the irradiation dose but also on the projectile parameters. In this paper we focus on two approaches developed and extensively used to predict cell survival in response to ion irradiation: the Local Effect Model and the Katz Model. These models are based on a track-structure description summarized in the concept of radial dose. This latter is sensitive to ion characteristics parameters and gives to both models the ability to predict some important radiobiological features for ion irradiations. Radial dose is however an average quantity, which does not include stochastic effects. These radiation-intrinsic effects are investigated by means of a Monte-Carlo simulation of dose deposition. We show that both models are not fully consistent with the nanometric and microscopic dose deposition statistics
Basil as functional and preserving ingredient in “Serra da Estrela” cheese

Antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of basil were studied, along with its characterization in phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. The results placed basil as a valuable candidate for functionalization and conservation of food products, maintaining their nutritional properties, while increasing their shelf life and potential health effects. The basil leaves were then incorporated in "Serra da Estrela Cheese", either in its dehydrated form or as a decoction. The cheeses were then subject to a nutritional evaluation, being characterized for their fatty acids, minerals and CIE color parameters. To assess the combined effects of plant incorporation and storage time, a 2-way ANOVA was used to process the results, further analysed through a linear discriminant analysis. Overall, basil leaves provided antioxidant activity to the cheeses, reduced the moisture, and preserved the unsaturated fatty acids and proteins. Comparing both incorporation types, the decoctions had a higher functionalizing and conservative effect.The authors are grateful to Queijos Casa Matias, Lda and Cantinho das Aromáticas, Lda. for providing the cheese and basil samples, respectively. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese PRODER project No. 46577-PlantLact, the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the CIMO research centre (Pest-OE/AGR/UI0690/2014) and ALIMNOVA research group (UCM-GR35/10A). L. Barros, J.C.M. Barreira and R.C. Calhelha acknowledge the FCT for their post-doctoral grants (SFRH/BPD/107855/2015, SFRH/BPD/72802/2010 and SFRH/BPD/68344/2010). The Serbian Ministry of Education is also acknowledged for the Science and Technological Development Grant No. 173032
Development of local and regional forest based bioenergy in Norway - Supply networks, financial support and political commitment

-This paper explores reasons of growth of new bioenergy firms in Norway. Norwegian authorities have a stated goal of doubling the use of bioenergy by 2020, as a way of developing the renewable energy sector and providing opportunities for rural employment. However studies shows that there are difficulties concerning the profitability in the sector. We approach the question from a supply chain perspective using a comparative case method. Five cases of local and regional forest based (wood chips) supply of heat in three regions were studied. The actors in the supply chains normally specialize in one or two stages in the chain and sell fuel and/or heat to municipal institutions and district heating plants. In all cases national financial support was important for releasing critical investments at various stages in the chains. Local political involvement was vital for the establishment of the chains, through influencing perceptions and ideas and through various techno-economical adaptations. Moreover, all focal actors in the chains were engaged in forest-related businesses and they benefit from using resources and obtaining income in different, related supply chains. Hence, they exploit “economies of scope”. The links across supply chains make it relevant to study them as supply networks rather than chains. This also has managerial consequences. The profitability in the chains seems still quite modest, but nevertheless they contribute in increasing the share of bioenergy in Norway. Actors' exploitation of “economies of scope”, local political engagement and national instruments for financial support are important factors in this development
Poor cognitive ageing: vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions

Background: Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives: This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). Conclusion: Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age
Ab initio calculation of the optical and magneto-optical properties of moderately correlated magnetic solids

Contains fulltext :
                  60209.pdf (author's version ) (Open Access)An approach for the calculation of the optical and magneto-optical properties of solids based on the one-particle Green function is introduced in the framework of the linear muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) method. The approach keeps all advantages of the more accurate Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) scheme as the possibility to account for many-body effects in terms of the non-local energy-dependent self-energy but is numerically much more efficient. In particular an incorporation of the single-site self-energy coming from the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is implemented. An application of the approach to bulk Ni and Fe showed rather good agreement with the experimental data, in contrast with the results of standard local spin density approximation (LSDA) computations. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
An autonomous system for maintenance scheduling data-rich\ud
complex infrastructure: Fusing the railways\ud
’\ud
condition, planning\ud
and cost

National railways are typically large and complex systems. Their network infrastructure usually\ud
includes extended track sections, bridges, stations and other supporting assets. In recent years,\ud
railways have also become a data-rich environment.\ud
Railway infrastructure assets have a very long life, but inherently degrade. Interventions are\ud
necessary but they can cause lateness, damage and hazards. Every day, thousands of discrete\ud
maintenance jobs are scheduled according to time and urgency. Service disruption has a direct\ud
economic impact. Planning for maintenance can be complex, expensive and uncertain.\ud
Autonomous scheduling of maintenance jobs is essential. The design strategy of a novel in-\ud
tegrated system for automatic job scheduling is presented; from concept formulation to the ex-\ud
amination of the data to information transitional level interface, and at the decision making level.\ud
The underlying architecture con\ud
fi\ud
gures high-level fusion of technical and business drivers;\ud
scheduling optimized intervention plans that factor-in cost impact and added value.\ud
A proof of concept demonstrator was developed to validate the system principle and to test\ud
algorithm functionality. It employs a dashboard for visualization of the system response and to\ud
present key information. Real track incident and inspection datasets were analyzed to raise de-\ud
gradation alarms that initiate the automatic scheduling of maintenance tasks. Optimum sche-\ud
duling was realized through data analytics and job sequencing heuristic and genetic algorithms,\ud
taking into account speci\ud
fi\ud
c cost & value inputs from comprehensive task cost modelling. Formal\ud
face validation was conducted with railway infrastructure specialists and stakeholders. The de-\ud
monstrator structure was found\ud
fi\ud
t for purpose with logical component relationships, o\ud
ff\ud
ering\ud
further scope for research and commercial exploitatio
Decarbonised coal energy system advancement through CO utilisation and polygeneration

Development of clean coal technology is highly envisaged to mitigate the CO emission level whilst meeting the rising global energy demands which require highly efficient and economically compelling technology. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) with carbon capture and storage (CCS) system is highly efficient and cleaner compared to the conventional coal-fired power plant. In this study, an alternative process scheme for IGCC system has been proposed, which encompasses the reuse of CO from the flue gas of gas turbine into syngas generation, followed by methanol synthesis. The thermodynamic efficiency and economic potential are evaluated and compared for these two systems. The performances of the systems have been enhanced through systematic energy integration strategies. It has been found that the thermodynamic and economic feasibilities have attained significant improvement through the realisation of a suitably balanced polygeneration scheme. The economic potential can be enhanced from negative impact to 317 M€/y (3.6 €/GJ). The results have demonstrated promising prospects of employing CO reuse technology into IGCC system, as an alternative to CCS system. © 2011 Springer-Verlag
Inequality of happiness in nations

The first comparison of happiness in nations took place in 1948 and involved 9 countries (Buchanan, 1953). A second comparative study in 1960 covered 14 nations (Cantril 1965) and this was followed by a global survey in 1975 carried out by Gallup (1976), in which happiness in all parts of the world was assessed. Today we have comparable data on happiness in 90 nations and for a dozen nations we also have time series of 40 to 25 years (Veenhoven 2004). These data provide the fuel for a rising number of publications on happiness in nations. Currently, the Bibliography of Happiness counts some 400 entries on this subject, 20% of which have been published over the last 5 years. 

To date, all the studies have been focused on the level of happiness in nations, that is, on how happy citizens are in a country. In this special issue we look at the same data from a different perspective and focus on difference in happiness in nations, that is, on the degree of divergence with regard to happiness found among citizens in a particular country
Defective transcription-coupled repair in Cockayne syndrome B mice is associated with skin cancer predisposition.

A mouse model for the nucleotide excision repair disorder Cockayne syndrome (CS) was generated by mimicking a truncation in the CSB(ERCC6) gene of a CS-B patient. CSB-deficient mice exhibit all of the CS repair characteristics: ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity, inactivation of transcription-coupled repair, unaffected global genome repair, and inability to resume RNA synthesis after UV exposure. Other CS features thought to involve the functioning of basal transcription/repair factor TFIIH, such as growth failure and neurologic dysfunction, are present in mild form. In contrast to the human syndrome, CSB-deficient mice show increased susceptibility to skin cancer. Our results demonstrate that transcription-coupled repair of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers contributes to the prevention of carcinogenesis in mice. Further, they suggest that the lack of cancer predisposition in CS patients is attributable to a global genome repair process that in humans is more effective than in rodents
Poloidal-toroidal decomposition in a finite cylinder. II.
  Discretization, regularization and validation

The Navier-Stokes equations in a finite cylinder are written in terms of
poloidal and toroidal potentials in order to impose incompressibility.
Regularity of the solutions is ensured in several ways: First, the potentials
are represented using a spectral basis which is analytic at the cylindrical
axis. Second, the non-physical discontinuous boundary conditions at the
cylindrical corners are smoothed using a polynomial approximation to a steep
exponential profile. Third, the nonlinear term is evaluated in such a way as to
eliminate singularities. The resulting pseudo-spectral code is tested using
exact polynomial solutions and the spectral convergence of the coefficients is
demonstrated. Our solutions are shown to agree with exact polynomial solutions
and with previous axisymmetric calculations of vortex breakdown and of
nonaxisymmetric calculations of onset of helical spirals. Parallelization by
azimuthal wavenumber is shown to be highly effective
Gluon shadowing in the Glauber-Gribov model at HERA

We calculate shadowing using new data on the gluon density of the Pomeron
recently measured with high precision at HERA. The calculations are made in a
Glauber-Gribov framework and Pomeron tree-diagrams are summed up within a
unitarity-conserving procedure. The total cross section of $\vphot A$
interaction is then found in a parameter-free description, employing gluon
diffractive and inclusive distribution functions as input. A strong shadowing
effect is obtained, in good agreement with several other models. Impact
parameter dependence of gluon shadowing is also presented.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures; references added, discussion of model enlarged,
  calculation of low-x contribution corrected; to appear in Phys. Let