pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Discovery of TeV γ-ray emission from          PKS 0447-439 and derivation of an upper limit on its redshift

International audienceVery high-energy γ-ray emission from PKS 0447−439 was detected with the          H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescope array in December 2009. This blazar is one of the brightest          extragalactic objects in the Fermi bright source list and has a hard          spectrum in the MeV to GeV range. In the TeV range, a photon index of 3.89 ± 0.37 (stat)          ±0.22 (sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV,            Φ1  TeV = (3.5 ± 1.1(stat) ± 0.9(sys)) × 10-13  cm-2   s-1   TeV-1          were found. The detection with H.E.S.S. triggered observations in the X-ray band with the            Swift and RXTE telescopes. Simultaneous UV and optical data from            Swift UVOT and data from the optical telescopes ATOM and ROTSE are also          available. The spectrum and light curve measured with H.E.S.S. are presented and compared          to the multi-wavelength data at lower energies. A rapid flare is seen in the Swift          XRT and RXTE data, together with a flux variation in the UV band, at a time scale          of the order of one day. A firm upper limit of            z < 0.59 on the redshift of PKS 0447−439 is          derived from the combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. data, given the          assumptions that there is no upturn in the intrinsic spectrum above the            Fermi-LAT energy range and that absorption on the extragalactic          background light (EBL) is not weaker than the lower limit provided by current models. The          spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone synchrotron          self-Compton scenario, if the redshift of the source is less than          z ≲ 0.4
McScM: A General Framework for the Verification of Communicating Machines

International audienceWe present McScM, a platform for implementing and comparing verification algorithms for the class of finite-state processes exchanging messages over reliable, unbounded FIFO channels. McScM provides tools for the safety verification and controller synthesis of these infinite-state models. Our verification tool implements several model-checking techniques: CEGAR with different abstraction-refinement methods, abstract interpretation, abstract regular model checking, and lazy abstraction. Seen as a general framework for the class of transition systems with finite control/infinite data, McScM delivers the basic infrastructure for implementing verification algorithms, and privileges to conveniently implement new ideas on a high level of abstraction. It also allows us to compare and benchmark different algorithmic approaches with the same backend
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in the lepton + jets channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for standard model (SM) production of four top quarks (tt¯tt¯) in pp collisions in the lepton + jets channel. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The expected cross section for SM tt¯tt¯ production is σSMtt¯tt¯≈1fb. A combination of kinematic reconstruction and multivariate techniques is used to distinguish between the small signal and large background. The data are consistent with expectations of the SM, and an upper limit of 32 fb is set at a 95% confidence level on the cross section for producing four top quarks in the SM, where a limit of 32 ± 17 fb is expected
On the algebraic approximation of Lusternik-Schnirelmann category

Algebraic approximations have proved to be very useful in the investigation of Lusternik-Schnirelmann category. In this paper the L.-S. category and its approximations are studied from the point of view of abstract homotopy theory. We introduce three notions of L.-S. category for monoidal cofibration categories, i.e., cofibration categories with a suitably incorporated tensor product. We study the fundamental properties of the abstract invariants and discuss, in particular, their behaviour with respect to cone attachments and products. Besides the topological L.-S. category the abstract concepts cover classical algebraic approximations of the L.-S. category such as the Toomer invariant, rational category, and the A- and M-categories of Halperin and Lemaire. We also use the abstract theory to introduce a new algebraic approximation of L.-S. category. This invariant which we denote by $\ell$ is the first algebraic approximation of the L.-S. category which is not necessarily $\leq 1$ for spaces having the same Adams-Hilton model as a wedge of spheres. For a space $X$ the number $\ell (X)$ can be determined from an Anick model of $X$. Thanks to the general theory one knows \textit{a priori} that $\ell$ is a lower bound of the L.-S. category which satisfies the usual product inequality and increases by at most 1 when a cone is attached to a space
Search for long-lived, heavy particles in final states with a muon and multi-track displaced vertex in proton-proton collisions at s√=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Many extensions of the Standard Model posit the existence of heavy particles with long lifetimes. In this Letter, results are presented of a search for events containing one or more such particles, which decay at a significant distance from their production point, using a final state containing charged hadrons and an associated muon. This analysis uses a data sample of proton–proton collisions at View the MathML source corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Results are interpreted in the context of R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios. No events in the signal region are observed and limits are set on the production cross section for pair production of supersymmetric particles, multiplied by the square of the branching fraction for a neutralino to decay to charged hadrons and a muon, based on the scenario where both of the produced supersymmetric particles give rise to neutralinos that decay in this way. However, since the search strategy is based on triggering on and reconstructing the decay products of individual long-lived particles, irrespective of the rest of the event, these limits can easily be reinterpreted in scenarios with different numbers of long-lived particles per event. The limits are presented as a function of neutralino lifetime, and for a range of squark and neutralino masses.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Search for a high-mass Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for a high-mass Higgs boson H is performed in the H → WW → ℓνℓν and H → WW → ℓνqq decay channels using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 collected at s√=8 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No evidence of a high-mass Higgs boson is found. Limits on σ H × BR(H → WW) as a function of the Higgs boson mass m H are determined in three different scenarios: one in which the heavy Higgs boson has a narrow width compared to the experimental resolution, one for a width increasing with the boson mass and modeled by the complex-pole scheme following the same behavior as in the Standard Model, and one for intermediate widths. The upper range of the search is m H = 1500 GeV for the narrow-width scenario and m H = 1000 GeV for the other two scenarios. The lower edge of the search range is 200–300 GeV and depends on the analysis channel and search scenario. For each signal interpretation, individual and combined limits from the two WW decay channels are presented. At m H = 1500 GeV, the highest-mass point tested, σ H × BR(H → WW) for a narrow-width Higgs boson is constrained to be less than 22 fb and 6.6 fb at 95% CL for the gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion production modes, respectively
Paradigm shifts in shipping registry policy led to revitalization - Hong Kong case

There are needs for ship registers to become business oriented but maintain the quality of fleet. To meet these two objectives, Hong Kong Shipping Register (HKSR) was re-engineered in 1999. An autonomous HKSR was established before the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong to China in 1997. When the newly established HKSR began operation, it fell to merely 5.5 million tons in late 1997. In May 2009, the registered tonnage was 41 million tons and the HKSR achieved significant growth of 7.5 times of that in 1997. The study through interviews analyses the paradigm shifts in the shipping registry policy in Hong Kong which led to a successful revitalization of the registered tonnage. External factors of the shipping community and internal factors of the administration in Hong Kong became major drives of the revitalization of the HKSR. The paradigm shifts include a new page of dialogue in formulation of policy of shipping registry with the stakeholders, structural change of quality and survey mechanism in HKSR, restructure of the consultative platforms in connection to enhancement of customer satisfaction, involvement of diplomatic assistance from Beijing and indepth re-engineering of the bureaucratic system in the shipping registry in Hong Kong.Department of Logistics and Maritime StudiesAuthor name used in this publication: Jim Mi Jimmy NgAuthor name used in this publication: Tsz Leung Yip2009-2010 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalpublished_fina
Bioimpedance vector analysis and conventional bioimpedance to assess body composition in older adults with dementia

Producción CientíficaAlthough dementia and nutritional status have been shown to be strongly associated, differences in body composition (BC) among older people with dementia have not yet been firmly established. The aim of this study was to assess BC through conventional and vector bioimpedance analysis (BIA and BIVA, respectively) in a sample of institutionalized older men with and without dementia, in order to detect dementia-related BC changes.Forty-one institutionalized men ages ≥65 y (23 without dementia [CG] and 18 with dementia [DG]) were measured with BIA and interpreted with BIVA and predictive equations.Age (74.4 and 75.7 y) and body mass index (22.5 and 23.6 kg/m 2 ) were similar for DG and CG, respectively. Resistance and ratio of resistance to height did not differ significantly between the two groups. Reactance and ratio of reactance to height were 21.2% and 20.4% lower in DG than in CG. Phase angle was significantly lower in DG (mean = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6°–4.3°) than in CG (mean = 4.7; 95% CI, 4.3°–5.1°). Mean fat mass index (6 and 7 kg/m 2 ), and mean fat-free mass index (16.4 and 16.6 kg/m 2 ) were similar in both groups. BIVA showed a significant downward migration of the ellipse in DG with respect to CG (T 2 = 15.1; P < 0.01).Conventional BIA showed no significant differences in BC between DG and CG, although reactance and ratio of reactance to height were about 21% lower in DG. Nevertheless, a body cell mass depletion and an increase in the ratio of extracellular to intracellular water were identified in DG using BIVA. BIVA reflects dementia-related changes in BC better than BI
Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at root s=900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range |eta|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at eta = 0 is measured to be 1.333 +/- 0.003 (stat.) +/- 0.040 (syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict
Search for Heavy Long-Lived Charged Particles with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for long-lived charged particles reaching the muon spectrometer is performed using a data sample of 37 pb(-1) from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010. No excess is observed above the estimated background. Stable (tau) over bar sleptons are excluded at 95% CL up to a mass of 136 GeV, in GMSB models with N(5) = 3 , m(messenger) = 250 TeV, sign(mu) = 1 and tan beta = 5. Electroweak production of sleptons is excluded up to a mass of 110 GeV. Gluino R-hadrons in a generic interaction model are excluded up to masses of 530 GeV to 544 GeV depending on the fraction of R-hadrons produced as (g) over bar -balls
Geology and geochronology of the Tana Basin, Ethiopia: LIP volcanism, super eruptions and Eocene?Oligocene environmental change

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.03.009New geological and geochronological data define four episodes of volcanism for the Lake Tana region in the northern Ethiopian portion of the Afro?Arabian Large Igneous Province (LIP): pre-31 Ma flood basalt that yielded a single 40Ar/39Ar age of 34.05?0.54/0.56 Ma; thick and extensive felsic ignimbrites and rhyolites (minimum volume of 2?3?103 km3) erupted between 31.108?0.020/0.041 Ma and 30.844?0.027/0.046 Ma (U?Pb CA-ID-TIMS zircon ages); mafic volcanism bracketed by 40Ar/39Ar ages of 28.90?0.12/0.14 Ma and 23.75?0.02/0.04 Ma; and localised scoraceous basalt with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 0.033?0.005/0.005 Ma. The felsic volcanism was the product of super eruptions that created a 60?80 km diameter caldera marked by km-scale caldera-collapse fault blocks and a steep-sided basin filled with a minimum of 180 m of sediment and the present-day Lake Tana. These new data enable mapping, with a finer resolution than previously possible, Afro?Arabian LIP volcanism onto the timeline of the Eocene?Oligocene transition and show that neither the mafic nor silicic volcanism coincides directly with perturbations in the geochemical records that span that transition. Our results reinforce the view that it is not the development of a LIP alone but its rate of effusion that contributes to inducing global-scale environmental changeauthorsversionPeer reviewe
Brønsted and Lewis acidity of modified montmorillonite clay catalysts determined by FT-IR spectroscopy

The surface acidity of different modified montmorillonite clay catalysts, Al3+-exchanged montmorillonite (Al3+-Mont) and aluminium pillared montmorillonite (Al-PILC) was determined by DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra) using pyridine as probe molecule. The method involved treating the clay sample directly with pyridine, drying the sample at 120 °C and recording FT-IR spectra in the region 1650 and 1350 cm−1. The spectra obtained showed well resolved absorption bands for Lewis and Brønsted acid sites in the clay catalysts. In order to understand the role of acid sites present on clay catalysts, esterification of propionic acid with p-cresol has been studied. The Brønsted acidity data obtained by FT-IR study for modified montmorillonite clay catalysts correlated well with the catalytic activity in the esterification reaction. Among the modified clay catalysts, Al3+-Mont and H+-Mont clay catalysts showed good activity and Al-PILC showed negligible activity in esterification. The inactivity of Al-PILC catalysts is attributed to the absence of Brønsted acidity
An exhaustive symmetry approach to structure determination : phase transitions in Bi2Sn2O7.

The exploitable properties of many materials are intimately linked to symmetry-lowering structural phase transitions. We present an automated and exhaustive symmetry-mode method for systematically exploring and solving such structures which will be widely applicable to a range of functional materials. We exemplify the method with an investigation of the Bi2Sn2O7 pyrochlore, which has been shown to undergo transitions from a parent γ cubic phase to β and α structures on cooling. The results include the first reliable structural model for β-Bi2Sn2O7 (orthorhombic Aba2, a = 7.571833(8), b = 21.41262(2), and c = 15.132459(14) Å) and a much simpler description of α-Bi2Sn2O7 (monoclinic Cc, a = 13.15493(6), b = 7.54118(4), and c = 15.07672(7) Å, β = 125.0120(3)°) than has been presented previously. We use the symmetry-mode basis to describe the phase transition in terms of coupled rotations of the Bi2O′ anti-cristobalite framework, which allow Bi atoms to adopt low-symmetry coordination environments favored by lone-pair cations
MiNDSTEp differential photometry of the gravitationally lensed quasars WFI 2033-4723 and HE 0047-1756 : microlensing and a new time delay

MAS. M.D. and M.H. are supported by NPRP grant NPRP-09-476-1-78 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).Aims: We present V and R photometry of the gravitationally lensed quasars WFI 2033-4723 and HE 0047-1756. The data were taken by the MiNDSTEp collaboration with the 1.54 m Danish telescope at the ESO La Silla observatory from 2008 to 2012. Methods: Differential photometry has been carried out using the image subtraction method as implemented in the HOTPAnTS package, additionally using GALFIT for quasar photometry. Results: The quasar WFI 2033-4723 showed brightness variations of order 0.5 mag in V and R during the campaign.The two lensed components of quasar HE 0047-1756 varied by 0.2-0.3 mag within five years. We provide, for the first time, an estimate of the time delay of component B with respect to A of Δt = (7.6±1.8) days for this object. We also find evidence for a secular evolution of the magnitude difference between components A and B in both filters,which we explain as due to a long-duration microlensing event. Finally we find that both quasars WFI 2033-4723 and HE 0047-1756 become bluer when brighter, which is consistent with previous studies.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Modelling the number density of H$ emitters for future spectroscopic near-IR space missions

Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, ?? ESOContext. The future space missions Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA will use the H?? emission line to measure the redshifts of tens of millions of galaxies. The H?? luminosity function at z> 0.7 is one of the major sources of uncertainty in forecasting cosmological constraints from these missions.Aims. We construct unified empirical models of the H?? luminosity function spanning the range of redshifts and line luminosities relevant to the redshift surveys proposed with Euclid and WFIRST-AFTA.Methods. By fitting to observed luminosity functions from H?? surveys, we build three models for its evolution. Different fitting methodologies, functional forms for the luminosity function, subsets of the empirical input data, and treatment of systematic errors are considered to explore the robustness of the results.Results. Functional forms and model parameters are provided for all three models, along with the counts and redshift distributions up to z ~ 2.5 for a range of limiting fluxes (FH??> 0.5 ??? 3 ?? 10-16 erg???cm-2???s-1) that are relevant for future space missions. For instance, in the redshift range 0.90 <z< 1.8, our models predict an available galaxy density in the range 7700???130???300 and 2000???4800 deg-2 respectively at fluxes above FH??> 1 and 2 ?? 10-16 erg???cm-2???s-1, and 32???000???48???0000 for FH??> 0.5 ?? 10-16 erg???cm-2???s-1 in the extended redshift range 0.40 <z< 1.8. We also consider the implications of our empirical models for the total H?? luminosity density of the Universe, and the closely related cosmic star formation history
The Physical Activity 4 Everyone Cluster Randomized Trial : 2-Year Outcomes of a School Physical Activity Intervention Among Adolescents

Acknowledgments The Physical Activity 4 Everyone intervention trial was funded by the New South Wales Ministry of Health through the New South Wales Health Promotion Demonstration Research Grants Scheme and conducted by Hunter New England Population Health (a unit of the Hunter New England Local Health District), in collaboration with the University of Newcastle and University of Wollongong. Infrastructure support was provided by Hunter Medical Research Institute. The research team acknowledges the importance of making research data publically available. Access to the accelerometer data from this study may be made available to external collaborators following the development of data transfer agreements. Further results arising from the study can be found at www.goodforkids.nsw.gov.au/high-schools/. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead-lead collisions at root sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

ATLAS Collaboration members: Jackson P, Soni N, White M for the University of Adelaide.The distributions of event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients v n for n = 2- 4 are measured in sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using charged particles with transverse momentum p T > 0.5 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 2.5 in a dataset of approximately 7 μb−1 recorded in 2010. The shapes of the v n distributions suggest that the associated flow vectors are described by a two-dimensional Gaussian function in central collisions for v 2 and over most of the measured centrality range for v 3 and v 4. Significant deviations from this function are observed for v 2 in mid-central and peripheral collisions, and a small deviation is observed for v 3 in mid-central collisions. In order to be sensitive to these deviations, it is shown that the commonly used multi-particle cumulants, involving four particles or more, need to be measured with a precision better than a few percent. The v n distributions are also measured independently for charged particles with 0.5 < p T < 1 GeV and p T > 1 GeV. When these distributions are rescaled to the same mean values, the adjusted shapes are found to be nearly the same for these two p T ranges. The v n distributions are compared with the eccentricity distributions from two models for the initial collision geometry: a Glauber model and a model that includes corrections to the initial geometry due to gluon saturation effects. Both models fail to describe the experimental data consistently over most of the measured centrality range.ATLAS collaboratio