pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On the Stanley–Wilf limit of 4231-avoiding permutations and a conjecture of Arratia

AbstractWe show that the Stanley–Wilf limit for the class of 4231-avoiding permutations is at least by 9.47. This bound shows that this class has the largest such limit among all classes of permutations avoiding a single permutation of length 4 and refutes the conjecture that the Stanley–Wilf limit of a class of permutations avoiding a single permutation of length k cannot exceed (k−1)2. The result is established by constructing a sequence of finite automata that accept subclasses of the class of 4231-avoiding permutations and analysing their transition matrices
Enhanced latent inhibition in high schizotypy individuals

AbstractLatent inhibition refers to a retardation in learning about a stimulus that has been rendered familiar by non-reinforced preexposure, relative to a non-preexposed stimulus. Latent inhibition has been shown to be inversely correlated with schizotypy, and abnormal in people with schizophrenia, but these findings are inconsistent. One potential contributing factor to this inconsistency is that many tasks that purport to measure latent inhibition are confounded by alternative effects that also retard learning and co-vary with schizotypy (e.g. learned irrelevance and conditioned inhibition). Here, two within-participant experiments are reported that measure the effect of familiarity on learning without the confound of these alternative effects. Consistent with some of the clinical literature, a positive association was found between the rate of learning to the familiar, but not the novel, stimulus and the unusual-experiences dimension of schizotypy — implying abnormally persistent latent inhibition in high schizotypy individuals
Simple variables for AdS5×S5 superspace

AbstractWe introduce simple variables for describing the AdS5×S5 superspace, i.e. PSU(2,2|4)SO(4,1)×SO(5). The idea is to embed the coset superspace into a space described by variables which are in linear (ray) representations of the supergroup PSU(2,2|4) by imposing certain supersymmetric quadratic constraints (up to two overall U(1) factors). The construction can be considered as a supersymmetric generalisation of the elementary realisations of the AdS5 and the S5 spaces by the SO(4,2) and SO(6) invariant quadratic constraints on two six-dimensional flat spaces
Ecdysone differentially regulates metamorphic timing relative to 20-hydroxyecdysone by antagonizing juvenile hormone in Drosophila melanogaster

AbstractIn insects, a steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), plays important roles in the regulation of developmental transitions by initiating signaling cascades via the ecdysone receptor (EcR). Although 20E has been well characterized as the molting hormone, its precursor ecdysone (E) has been considered to be a relatively inactive compound because it has little or no effect on classic EcR mediated responses. I found that feeding E to wild-type third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster accelerates the metamorphic timing, which results in elevation of lethality during metamorphosis and reduced body size, while 20E has only a minor effect. The addition of a juvenile hormone analog (JHA) to E impeded their precocious pupariation and thereby rescued the reduced body size. The ability of JHA impeding the effect of E was not observed in the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and germ-cell expressed (gce) double mutant animals lacking JH signaling, indicating that antagonistic action of JH against E is transduced via a primary JH receptor, Met, or a product of its homolog, Gce. I also found that L3 larvae are susceptible to E around the time when they reach their minimum viable weight. These results indicate that E, and not just 20E, is also essential for proper regulation of developmental timing and body size. Furthermore, the precocious pupariation triggered by E is impeded by the action of JH to ensure that animals attain body size to survive metamorphosis
Investigation of the role of 10Li resonances in the halo structure of 11Li through the Li11(p,d)Li10 transfer reaction

AbstractThe first measurement of the one-neutron transfer reaction 11Li(p,d)10Li performed using the IRIS facility at TRIUMF with a 5.7A MeV 11Li beam interacting with a solid H2 target is reported. The 10Li residue was populated strongly as a resonance peak with energy Er=0.62±0.04 MeV having a total width Γ=0.33±0.07 MeV. The angular distribution of this resonance is characterized by neutron occupying the 1p1/2 orbital. A DWBA analysis yields a spectroscopic factor of 0.67±0.12 for p1/2 removal strength from the ground state of 11Li to the region of the peak
Curbing the attentional blink: Practice keeps the mind’s eye open

AbstractWhen two targets, T1 and T2, are embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors, successful report of T2 depends on its lag from T1: When T2 is separated by a few distracters, it is likely to be missed; this phenomenon is known as the Attentional Blink (AB). When T2 is presented consecutively from T1, T2 is likely to be detected despite the temporal proximity of both targets; this effect is called Lag-1 sparing. We studied how the Lag-1 sparing and AB effects change with practice. Observers repeated a typical dual-target-report task over separate days, while behavioral indices and EEG were recorded. Practice increased the Lag-1 sparing and reduced the AB effects, improving the sensitivity to T2 while leaving the response criterion unchanged. With improving sensitivity, T2-related amplitude of P3 and negative deflection (ND), an N2 subcomponent, increased. The latter, especially in the Lag-1 condition, could not fully be explained by changes in the ratio of the T2-hit and miss trials. ND usually indicates spatial target selectivity but here reflects the selection of temporally proximal targets. The effect, therefore, suggests common mechanisms for spatial and temporal selectivity. Relevance of these results for computational models of the AB is discussed
Self-timed Periodic Scheduling for a Cyclo-static DataFlow Model

AbstractReal-time and time-constrained applications programmed on many-core systems can suffer from unmet timing constraints even with correct-by-construction schedules. Such unexpected results are usually caused by unaccounted for delays due to resource sharing (e.g. the communication medium). In this paper we address the three main sources of unpredictable behaviors: First, we propose to use a deterministic Model of Computation (MoC), more specifically, the well-formed CSDF subset of process networks; Second, we propose a run-time management strategy of shared resources to avoid unpredictable timings; Third, we promote the use of a new scheduling policy, the so-said Self-Timed Periodic (STP) scheduling, to improve performance and decrease synchronization costs by taking into account resource sharing or resource constraints. This is a quantitative improvement above state-of-the-art scheduling policies which assumed fixed delays of inter-processor communication and did not take correctly into account subtle effects of synchronization
Multiple orthogonal polynomials of mixed type: Gauss–Borel factorization and the multi-component 2D Toda hierarchy

AbstractMultiple orthogonality is considered in the realm of a Gauss–Borel factorization problem for a semi-infinite moment matrix. Perfect combinations of weights and a finite Borel measure are constructed in terms of M-Nikishin systems. These perfect combinations ensure that the problem of mixed multiple orthogonality has a unique solution, that can be obtained from the solution of a Gauss–Borel factorization problem for a semi-infinite matrix, which plays the role of a moment matrix. This leads to sequences of multiple orthogonal polynomials, their duals and second kind functions. It also gives the corresponding linear forms that are bi-orthogonal to the dual linear forms. Expressions for these objects in terms of determinants from the moment matrix are given, recursion relations are found, which imply a multi-diagonal Jacobi type matrix with snake shape, and results like the ABC theorem or the Christoffel–Darboux formula are re-derived in this context (using the factorization problem and the generalized Hankel symmetry of the moment matrix). The connection between this description of multiple orthogonality and the multi-component 2D Toda hierarchy, which can be also understood and studied through a Gauss–Borel factorization problem, is discussed. Deformations of the weights, natural for M-Nikishin systems, are considered and the correspondence with solutions to the integrable hierarchy, represented as a collection of Lax equations, is explored. Corresponding Lax and Zakharov–Shabat matrices as well as wave functions and their adjoints are determined. The construction of discrete flows is discussed in terms of Miwa transformations which involve Darboux transformations for the multiple orthogonality conditions. The bilinear equations are derived and the τ-function representation of the multiple orthogonality is given
Phenomenological consequences of residual Z2s and Z¯2s symmetries

AbstractThe phenomenological consequences of the residual Z2s and Z¯2s symmetries are explored in detail. With a precisely measured value of the reactor angle, these two residual symmetries predict distinct distributions for the Dirac CP phase and the atmospheric angle, which lead to the possibility of identifying them at future neutrino experiments. For both symmetries, it is possible to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy in most of the parameter space, and they can be distinguished from one another if the true residual symmetry is Z2s and the atmospheric angle is non-maximal. These results are obtained using an equally split schedule: a 1.5-year run of neutrinos and a 1.5-year run of antineutrinos at NOνA together with a 2.5-year run of neutrinos and a 2.5-year run of antineutrinos at T2K. This schedule can significantly increase and stabilize the sensitivities to the mass hierarchy and the octant of the atmospheric angle with only a moderate compromise to the sensitivity of distinguishing Z2s and Z¯2s
Locally G-homogeneous Busemann G-spaces

AbstractWe present short proofs of all known topological properties of general Busemann G-spaces (at present no other property is known for dimensions more than four). We prove that all small metric spheres in locally G-homogeneous Busemann G-spaces are homeomorphic and strongly topologically homogeneous. This is a key result in the context of the classical Busemann conjecture concerning the characterization of topological manifolds, which asserts that every n-dimensional Busemann G-space is a topological n-manifold. We also prove that every Busemann G-space which is uniformly locally G-homogeneous on an orbal subset must be finite-dimensional
Satellite remote sensing of phytoplankton phenology in Lake Balaton using 10years of MERIS observations

AbstractPhytoplankton biomass is important to monitor in lakes due to its influence on water quality and lake productivity. Phytoplankton has also been identified as sensitive to environmental change, with shifts in the seasonality of blooms, or phenology, resulting from changing temperature and nutrient conditions. A satellite remote sensing approach to retrieving and mapping freshwater phytoplankton phenology is demonstrated here in application to Lake Balaton, Hungary. Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration mapping using Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) allows new insights into such spatiotemporal dynamics for Lake Balaton as bloom start, peak and end timing, duration, maximum chl-a concentrations, spatial extent, rates of increase and decrease, and bloom chl-a concentration integral. TIMESAT software is used to extract and map these phenology metrics. Three approaches to time series smoothing are compared and mapped metrics are evaluated in comparison with phenology metrics of in situ chl-a. The high degree of both spatial and temporal variability is highlighted and discussed, as are methodological limitations and correlation between phenology metrics. Both the feasibility of and novel insights permitted through such phenology mapping are demonstrated, and priority topics for future research are suggested
Measurements of long-range near-side angular correlations in sNN=5 TeV proton-lead collisions in the forward region

AbstractTwo-particle angular correlations are studied in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sNN=5 TeV, collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on data recorded in two beam configurations, in which either the direction of the proton or that of the lead ion is analysed. The correlations are measured in the laboratory system as a function of relative pseudorapidity, Δη, and relative azimuthal angle, Δϕ, for events in different classes of event activity and for different bins of particle transverse momentum. In high-activity events a long-range correlation on the near side, Δϕ≈0, is observed in the pseudorapidity range 2.0<η<4.9. This measurement of long-range correlations on the near side in proton-lead collisions extends previous observations into the forward region up to η=4.9. The correlation increases with growing event activity and is found to be more pronounced in the direction of the lead beam. However, the correlation in the direction of the lead and proton beams are found to be compatible when comparing events with similar absolute activity in the direction analysed
Spinodal decomposition of Fe-Cu nanocrystals: Control of atomic-magnetic-moment and magnetic properties

Experimental results corresponding to the saturation magnetization and coercive field during the decomposition, upon annealing, of bcc and fcc Fe_xCu_(1-x), obtained by mechanical alloying are reported. The overall behavior points out that the decomposition takes place in two steps: (i) at low temperatures a decrease of the saturation magnetic moment as well as an anomalous thermal dependence of coercive field are observed, however, no phase transformation is detected, and (ii) for further annealing temperatures a new phase appears; the magnetization tends to increase and the coercive field abruptly increases. The analysis of the results leads us to conclude that the first step corresponds to a spinodal decomposition. Fluctuations in the local composition give rise to coexistence of adjacent regions with Curie temperature varying continuously in a range of 1000 K across distances of a few nanometers, thus allowing the tailoring of the magnetic nanostructures
Jet axes and universal transverse-momentum dependent fragmentation

We study the transverse momentum spectrum of hadrons in jets. By measuring the transverse momentum with respect to a judiciously chosen axis, we find that this observable is insensitive to ( the recoil of) soft radiation. Furthermore, for small transverse momenta we show that the effects of the jet boundary factorize, leading to a new transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) fragmentation function. In contrast to the usual TMD fragmentation functions, it does not involve rapidity divergences and is universal in the sense that it is independent of the type of process and number of jets. These results directly apply to sub-jets instead of hadrons. We discuss potential applications, which include studying nuclear modification effects in heavy-ion collisions and identifying boosted heavy resonances
New analytical solutions for chemical evolution models: :
                    characterizing the population of star-forming and passive galaxies

E. Spitoni, V. Vincenzo, and F. Matteucci, 'New analytical solutions for chemical evolution models: characterizing the population of star-forming and passive galaxies', Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol 599, first published online 20 February 2017, available at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629745. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, ?? 2017 ESO.Context. Analytical models of chemical evolution, including inflow and outflow of gas, are important tools for studying how the metal content in galaxies evolves as a function of time. Aims. We present new analytical solutions for the evolution of the gas mass, total mass, and metallicity of a galactic system when a decaying exponential infall rate of gas and galactic winds are assumed. We apply our model to characterize a sample of local star-forming and passive galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, with the aim of reproducing their observed mass-metallicity relation. Methods. We derived how the two populations of star-forming and passive galaxies differ in their particular distribution of ages, formation timescales, infall masses, and mass loading factors. Results. We find that the local passive galaxies are, on average, older and assembled on shorter typical timescales than the local star-forming galaxies; on the other hand, the star-forming galaxies with higher masses generally show older ages and longer typical formation timescales compared than star-forming galaxies with lower masses. The local starforming galaxies experience stronger galactic winds than the passive galaxy population. Exploring the effect of assuming different initial mass functions in our model, we show that to reproduce the observed mass-metallicity relation, stronger winds are requested if the initial mass function is top-heavy. Finally, our analytical models predict the assumed sample of local galaxies to lie on a tight surface in the 3D space defined by stellar metallicity, star formation rate, and stellar mass, in agreement with the well-known fundamental relation from adopting gas-phase metallicity. Conclusions. By using a new analytical model of chemical evolution, we characterize an ensemble of SDSS galaxies in terms of their infall timescales, infall masses, and mass loading factors. Local passive galaxies are, on average, older and assembled on shorter typical timescales than the local star-forming galaxies. Moreover, the local star-forming galaxies show stronger galactic winds than the passive galaxy population. Finally, we find that the fundamental relation between metallicity, mass, and star formation rate for these local galaxies is still valid when adopting the average galaxy stellar metallicity
Dissipative instability in a partially ionised prominence plasma slab

Aims. We aim to investigate the nature of dissipative instability appearing in a prominence planar thread filled with partially ionised plasma in the incompressible limit. The importance of partial ionisation is investigated in terms of the ionisation factor and the wavelength of sausage and kink waves propagating in the slab. Methods. In order to highlight the role of partial ionisation, we have constructed models describing various situations we can meet in solar prominence fine structure. Matching the solutions for the transversal component of the velocity and total pressure at the interfaces between the prominence slab and surrounding plasmas, we derived a dispersion relation whose imaginary part describes the evolution of the instability. Results were obtained in the limit of weak dissipation. We have investigated the appearance of instabilities in prominence dark plumes using single and two-fluid approximations. Results. Using simple analytical methods, we show that dissipative instabilities appear for flow speeds that are less than the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability threshold. The onset of instability is determined by the equilibrium flow strength, the ionisation factor of the plasma, the wavelength of waves and the ion-neutral collisional rate. For a given wavelength and for ionisation degrees closer to a neutral gas, the propagating waves become unstable for a narrow band of flow speeds, meaning that neutrals have a stabilising effect. Our results show that the partially ionised plasma describing prominence dark plumes becomes unstable only in a two-fluid (charged particles-neutrals) model, that is for periods that are smaller than the ion-neutral collision time. Conclusions. The present study improves our understanding of the complexity of dynamical processes and stability of solar prominences and the role partial ionisation in destabilising the plasma. We showed the necessity of two-fluid approximation when discussing the nature of instabilities: waves in a single fluid approximation show a great deal of stability. Our results clearly show that the problem of partial ionisation introduces new aspects of plasma stability with consequences on the evolution of partially ionised plasmas and solar prominences, in particularpublishersversionPeer reviewe
Multimodel Response Assessment for Monthly Rainfall Distribution in Some
  Selected Indian Cities Using Best Fit Probability as a Tool

We carry out a study of the statistical distribution of rainfall
precipitation data for 20 cites in India. We have determined the best-fit
probability distribution for these cities from the monthly precipitation data
spanning 100 years of observations from 1901 to 2002. To fit the observed data,
we considered 10 different distributions. The efficacy of the fits for these
distributions was evaluated using four empirical non-parametric goodness-of-fit
tests namely Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, Chi-Square, Akaike
information criterion, and Bayesian Information criterion. Finally, the
best-fit distribution using each of these tests were reported, by combining the
results from the model comparison tests. We then find that for most of the
cities, Generalized Extreme-Value Distribution or Inverse Gaussian Distribution
most adequately fits the observed data.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Search for excited leptons in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for compositeness of electrons and muons is presented using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of (Formula presented.) TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. Excited leptons (ℓ*) produced via contact interactions in conjunction with a standard model lepton are considered, and a search is made for their gauge decay modes. The decays considered are ℓ* → ℓγ and ℓ* → ℓZ, which give final states of two leptons and a photon or, depending on the Z-boson decay mode, four leptons or two leptons and two jets. The number of events observed in data is consistent with the standard model prediction. Exclusion limits are set on the excited lepton mass, and the compositeness scale Λ. For the case Mℓ* = Λ the existence of excited electrons (muons) is excluded up to masses of 2.45 (2.47) TeV at 95% confidence level. Neutral current decays of excited leptons are considered for the first time, and limits are extended to include the possibility that the weight factors f and f′, which determine the couplings between standard model leptons and excited leptons via gauge mediated interactions, have opposite sign.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit