pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at root s=7TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for same-sign top-quark production and down-type heavy quarks of charge −1/3 in events with two isolated leptons (e or μ) that have the same electric charge, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum. The data are selected from pp collisions at s√=7TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb−1. The observed data are consistent with expectations from Standard Model processes. Upper limits are set at 95 % confidence level on the cross section of new sources of same-sign top-quark pair production of 1.4-2.0 pb depending on the assumed mediator mass. Upper limits are also set on the pair-production cross-section for new heavy down-type quarks; a lower limit of 450 GeV is set at 95 % confidence level on the mass of heavy down-type quarks under the assumption that they decay 100 % of the time to W t.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
Nuclear diplomacy as niche diplomacy : South Africa's post-apartheid relations with the International Atomic Energy Agency

Since the termination of its nuclear weapons programme, commenced in 1989 and verified by
the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) in 1993, successive South African
governments have consistently advocated the country’s commit-ment to nuclear nonproliferation.
South Africa has secured a niche role through norm construction and state
identity for itself through its nuclear diplomacy with the IAEA. The article explores aspects of
South Africa’s nuclear diplomacy with the IAEA as an example of niche diplomacy.
Therefore, it traces South Africa’s diplomatic relations with the IAEA, starting with the
IAEA’s verification process and the implementation of a Safeguards Agreement (1989 1994)
through the conversion of South Africa’s research nuclear reactor (1991 2005); South Africa’s
position on greater representation for developing countries on the IAEA’s Board of
Governors; its ambition to be elected to the position of IAEA Director General (2008 2009);
and its refusal to support the establishment of a nuclear fuel bank in Russia under the IAEA’s
auspices (2009 2010).http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rsaj20hb2016Political Science
Cosmological problems of the string axion alleviated by high scale SUSY of m3/2≃10–100 TeV

AbstractThe string axion may provide the most attractive solution to the strong CP problem in QCD. However, the axion energy density easily exceeds the dark matter density in the present universe due to a large decay constant around 1016 GeV, unless the initial value of the axion field is finely tuned. We show that this problem is alleviated if and only if the SUSY particle mass scale is 10–100 TeV, since the decay of the saxion can produce a large enough amount of entropy after the QCD phase transition, not disturbing the BBN prediction. The saxion decay also produces a large number of the lightest SUSY particles (LSPs). As a consequence, R-parity needs to be violated to avoid the overproduction of the LSPs. The saxion field can be stabilized with relatively simple Kähler potentials, not inducing a too large axion dark radiation. Despite the large entropy production, the observed baryon number is explained by the Affleck–Dine mechanism. Furthermore, the constraint from isocurvature perturbations is relaxed, and the Hubble constant during inflation can be as large as several ×1010 GeV
A Review on Micro-manufacturing, Micro-forming and their Key Issues

AbstractMicro-manufacturing has received good attention globally in terms of its manufacturing methods/processes. One of the most popular micro-manufacturing processes is micro-forming. Many efforts have been focused on micro-forming, mainly on the micro-stamping process due to the process itself contributing numerous products, especially in its conventional macro-process. Most every-day products are made by this process. Although there were efforts made to realize micro-forming for industrial application, the technology itself was seen as being insufficiently mature. Much development work needed to be done, specifically to develop a fully-automated high-volume production micro-forming machine, which is reliable and at all times ready for operation in terms of it processes, tooling, and material-handling to ensure the successful production of micro-products. The paper addresses key issues encountered by researchers worldwide on both micro-manufacturing, specifically micro-forming
Wilson loop invariants from WN conformal blocks

AbstractKnot and link polynomials are topological invariants calculated from the expectation value of loop operators in topological field theories. In 3D Chern–Simons theory, these invariants can be found from crossing and braiding matrices of four-point conformal blocks of the boundary 2D CFT. We calculate crossing and braiding matrices for WN conformal blocks with one component in the fundamental representation and another component in a rectangular representation of SU(N), which can be used to obtain HOMFLY knot and link invariants for these cases. We also discuss how our approach can be generalized to invariants in higher-representations of WN algebra
Data on the verification and validation of segmentation and registration methods for diffusion MRI

AbstractThe verification and validation of segmentation and registration methods is a necessary assessment in the development of new processing methods. However, verification and validation of diffusion MRI (dMRI) processing methods is challenging for the lack of gold-standard data. The data described here are related to the research article entitled “Surface-driven registration method for the structure-informed segmentation of diffusion MR images” [1], in which publicly available data are used to derive golden-standard reference-data to validate and evaluate segmentation and registration methods in dMRI
The Fractal Structure of Glycogen: A Clever Solution to Optimize Cell Metabolism

AbstractFractal objects are complex structures built with a simple procedure involving very little information. This has an obvious interest for living beings, because they are splendid examples of optimization to achieve the most efficient structure for a number of goals by means of the most economic way. The lung alveolar structure, the capillary network, and the structure of several parts of higher plant organization, such as ears, spikes, umbels, etc., are supposed to be fractals, and, in fact, mathematical functions based on fractal geometry algorithms can be developed to simulate them. However, the statement that a given biological structure is fractal should imply that the iterative process of its construction has a real biological meaning, i.e., that its construction in nature is achieved by means of a single genetic, enzymatic, or biophysical mechanism successively repeated; thus, such an iterative process should not be just an abstract mathematical tool to reproduce that object. This property has not been proven at present for any biological structure, because the mechanisms that build the objects mentioned above are unknown in detail. In this work, we present results that show that the glycogen molecule could be the first known real biological fractal structure
Predictive Markers Guide Differentiation to Improve Graft Outcome in Clinical Translation of hESC-Based Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

SummaryStem cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are expected to reach clinical trials soon. Most of the approaches currently under development involve transplantation of immature progenitors that subsequently undergo phenotypic and functional maturation in vivo, and predicting the long-term graft outcome already at the progenitor stage remains a challenge. Here, we took an unbiased approach to identify predictive markers expressed in dopamine neuron progenitors that correlate with graft outcome in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease through gene expression analysis of >30 batches of grafted human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived progenitors. We found that many of the commonly used markers did not accurately predict in vivo subtype-specific maturation. Instead, we identified a specific set of markers associated with the caudal midbrain that correlate with high dopaminergic yield after transplantation in vivo. Using these markers, we developed a good manufacturing practice (GMP) differentiation protocol for highly efficient and reproducible production of transplantable dopamine progenitors from hESCs
Self-gravitational corrections to the Cardy–Verlinde formula of the Achúcarro–Ortiz black hole

AbstractRecently, it was shown that the entropy of the black hole horizon in the Achúcarro–Ortiz spacetime can be described by the Cardy–Verlinde formula. In this Letter, we compute the self-gravitational corrections to the Cardy–Verlinde formula of the two-dimensional Achúcarro–Ortiz black hole. These corrections stem from the effect of self-gravitation and they are derived in the context of Keski–Vakkuri, Kraus and Wilczek (KKW) analysis. The black hole under study is therefore treated as a dynamical background. The self-gravitational corrections to the entropy as given by the Cardy–Verlinde formula of the Achúcarro–Ortiz black hole, are found to be positive. This result provides evidence in support of the claim that the holographic bound is not universal in the framework of two-dimensional gravity models
Search for a Higgs boson decaying into a b-quark pair and produced in association with b quarks in proton–proton collisions at 7 TeV

AbstractA search for a neutral Higgs boson decaying to a pair of b quarks, and produced in association with at least one additional b quark, is presented. Multijet final states with three jets identified as originating from b quarks, at least one of which may include a non-isolated muon, are studied. The data used in this analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.7–4.8 fb−1, collected by the CMS experiment in proton–proton collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. This search is particularly sensitive to Higgs bosons in scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Model (MSSM) with large values of tanβ. No excess over the predicted background from standard model processes is observed. Stringent upper limits on cross section times branching fraction are derived and interpreted as bounds in the MSSM tanβ and mA parameter-space. Observed 95% confidence level upper limits reach as low as tanβ≈18 for MA≈100 GeV
Calibration of vector navigation in desert ants

AbstractDesert ants (Cataglyphis sp.) monitor their position relative to the nest using a form of dead reckoning [1–3] known as path integration (PI) [4]. They do this with a sun compass and an odometer to update an accumulator that records their current position [1]. Ants can use PI to return to the nest [2,3]. Here, we report that desert ants, like honeybees [5] and hamsters [6], can also use PI to approach a previously visited food source. To navigate to a goal using only PI information, a forager must recall a previous state of the accumulator specifying the goal, and compare it with the accumulator's current state [4]. The comparison – essentially vector subtraction – gives the direction to the goal. This whole process, which we call vector navigation, was found to be calibrated at recognised sites, such as the nest and a familiar feeder, throughout the life of a forager. If a forager was trained around a one-way circuit in which the result of PI on the return route did not match the result on the outward route, calibration caused the ant's trajectories to be misdirected. We propose a model of vector navigation to suggest how calibration could produce such trajectories
The infrared structure of QCD amplitudes and H→gg in FDH and DRED

AbstractWe consider variants of dimensional regularization, including the four-dimensional helicity scheme (fdh) and dimensional reduction (dred), and present the gluon and quark form factors in the fdh scheme at next-to-next-to-leading order. We also discuss the generalization of the infrared factorization formula to fdh and dred. This allows us to extract the cusp anomalous dimension as well as the quark and gluon anomalous dimensions at next-to-next-to-leading order in the fdh and dred scheme, using MS‾ and DR‾ renormalization. To obtain these results we also present the renormalization procedure in these schemes
Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractWe present the first wide-range measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density distribution, for different centralities (the 0–5%, 5–10%, 10–20%, and 20–30% most central events) in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV at the LHC. The measurement is performed using the full coverage of the ALICE detectors, −5.0<η<5.5, and employing a special analysis technique based on collisions arising from LHC ‘satellite’ bunches. We present the pseudorapidity density as a function of the number of participating nucleons as well as an extrapolation to the total number of produced charged particles (Nch=17165±772 for the 0–5% most central collisions). From the measured dNch/dη distribution we derive the rapidity density distribution, dNch/dy, under simple assumptions. The rapidity density distribution is found to be significantly wider than the predictions of the Landau model. We assess the validity of longitudinal scaling by comparing to lower energy results from RHIC. Finally the mechanisms of the underlying particle production are discussed based on a comparison with various theoretical models
The tensor product of representations of Uq(sl2) via quivers

AbstractUsing the tensor product variety introduced in Malkin (Duke Math. J., to appear) and Nakajima (Invent. Math. 146 (2001) 399), the complete structure of the tensor product of a finite number of integrable highest weight modules of Uq(sl2) is recovered. In particular, the elementary basis, Lusztig's canonical basis, and the basis adapted to the decomposition of the tensor product into simple modules are all exhibited as distinguished elements of certain spaces of invariant functions on the tensor product variety. For the latter two bases, these distinguished elements are closely related to the irreducible components of the tensor product variety. The space of intertwiners is also interpreted geometrically
Inclusive and differential measurements of the tt¯ charge asymmetry in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractThe tt¯ charge asymmetry is measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. Selected events contain an electron or a muon and four or more jets, where at least one jet is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The inclusive charge asymmetry is found to be 0.0010±0.0068 (stat)±0.0037 (syst). In addition, differential charge asymmetries as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and invariant mass of the tt¯ system are studied. For the first time at the LHC, the measurements are also performed in a reduced fiducial phase space of top quark pair production, with an integrated result of −0.0035±0.0072 (stat)±0.0031 (syst). All measurements are consistent within two standard deviations with zero asymmetry as well as with the predictions of the standard model
Boost invariance and multiplicity dependence of the charge balance function in π+p and K+p collisions at s=22 GeV

AbstractBoost invariance and multiplicity dependence of the charge balance function are studied in π+p and K+p collisions at 250 GeV/c incident beam momentum with full acceptance coverage. Charge balance, as well as charge fluctuations, are found to be boost invariant over the whole rapidity region, but both depend on the size of the rapidity window. It is also found that the balance function becomes narrower with increasing multiplicity, which is consistent with the narrowing of the balance function with increasing centrality and/or system size, as observed in current relativistic heavy ion experiments
ZZ production at the LHC: Fiducial cross sections and distributions in NNLO QCD

AbstractWe consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of four charged leptons in the ZZ signal region at the LHC. We report on the complete calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) corrections to this process in QCD perturbation theory. Numerical results are presented for s=8 TeV, using typical selection cuts applied by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations. The NNLO corrections increase the NLO fiducial cross section by about 15%, and they have a relatively small impact on the shape of the considered kinematical distributions. In the case of the ΔΦ distribution of the two Z candidates, the computed corrections improve the agreement of the theoretical prediction with the CMS data
Isovector effective NN interaction in Si28(p→,n→)P28(6−) at 198 MeV

AbstractWe report measurements of the cross section and a complete set of polarization observables for the Si28(p→,n→)P28(6−) reaction at a bombarding energy of 198 MeV. The data are compared with distorted wave impulse approximation calculations employing response functions normalized to inelastic electron scattering. The spin-longitudinal polarized cross section IDq is slightly over-predicted by the calculations, while the normal spin-transverse polarized cross section IDn is significantly under-predicted. The calculated in-plane spin-transverse IDp and spin-scalar ID0 polarized cross sections agree well with the experimental data. These results are consistent with those for Si28(p→,p→′)Si28(6−,T=1) scattering at the same energy, and thus it is concluded that isospin-mixing effects are not responsible for the discrepancy between theory and experiment in the (p→,p→′) case. Energy half-off-shell effects as medium effects on the effective nucleon–nucleon interaction are also investigated and found to be too small to be responsible for the discrepancy
Spots and stripes: Pleomorphic patterning of stem cells via p-ERK-dependent cell chemotaxis shown by feather morphogenesis and mathematical simulation

AbstractA key issue in stem cell biology is the differentiation of homogeneous stem cells towards different fates which are also organized into desired configurations. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the process of periodic patterning. Feather explants offer a fundamental and testable model in which multi-potential cells are organized into hexagonally arranged primordia and the spacing between primordia. Previous work explored roles of a Turing reaction–diffusion mechanism in establishing chemical patterns. Here we show that a continuum of feather patterns, ranging from stripes to spots, can be obtained when the level of p-ERK activity is adjusted with chemical inhibitors. The patterns are dose-dependent, tissue stage-dependent, and irreversible. Analyses show that ERK activity-dependent mesenchymal cell chemotaxis is essential for converting micro-signaling centers into stable feather primordia. A mathematical model based on short-range activation, long-range inhibition, and cell chemotaxis is developed and shown to simulate observed experimental results. This generic cell behavior model can be applied to model stem cell patterning behavior at large
The impact of diffuser augmentation on a tidal stream turbine

AbstractThe results from an experimental study of a model diffuser augmented tidal stream turbine are presented with a particular focus on the impact of the diffuser upon the turbine׳s performance in yawed flows. This study is the first to examine yaw effects with quantification of blockage corrections and is the first study of the wake recovery characteristics of such devices. The device was designed using an innovative optimisation procedure resulting in a diffuser that was able to maintain the turbine׳s performance to yaw angles of up to ±30°. It is shown that the diffuser׳s performance is strongly influenced by its length to diameter ratio and by the jet flow that develops through the turbine׳s tip gap. Although the performance characteristics of an individual turbine can be significantly improved by diffuser augmentation under yawed flow, a wake recovery rate that is less than half that of a bare rotor raises doubts about their suitability for array deployment
LHC probes the hidden sector

AbstractIn this note we establish LHC limits on a variety of benchmark models for hidden sector physics using 2011 and 2012 data. First, we consider a “hidden’’ U(1) gauge boson under which all Standard Model particles are uncharged at tree-level and which interacts with the visible sector either via kinetic mixing or higher dimensional operators. Second, we constrain scalar and pseudo-scalar particles interacting with the Standard Model via dimension five operators and Yukawa interactions, in particular including so-called axion-like particles. In both cases we consider several different final states, including photons, electrons, muons and taus, establishing new constraints for a range of GeV to TeV scale masses. Finally, we also comment on particles with electric charges smaller than e that arise from hidden sector matter
Immunohematologic Reconstitution in Pediatric Patients after T Cell-Depleted HLA-Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Thalassemia

To analyze immunohematologic reconstitution, particularly of natural killer (NK) cells, we evaluated 13 β-thalassemia patients after 20 and 60 days and 1 year posttransplantation with T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cells. We assessed lymphocyte and bone marrow (BM) progenitor cell phenotype and differentiation capacity, spontaneous BM cytokine production, stromal cells, and stromal cell interleukin (IL)-7 production. A reduced clonogenic capability manifested at day +20. Patients had significantly lower CD4+ T cells versus controls, mainly in the CD45RA+CD62L+ subset. NKs were among the first lymphocytes to repopulate the peripheral blood. At day +60, an increase in primitive BM progenitor cells paralleled small increases in CD4+, naïve CD4+, and thymic naïve Th cells. A significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ markers paralleled an increase in CD3−CD16+ NKs, especially with full engraftment. In patients with stable mixed chimerism we observed very low levels of CD3+ donor chimerism early after transplant that increased over time, but a stable population of high donor NK cells, suggesting a role of these cells on donor engraftment. Stromal cells secreted less IL-7 and displayed “macrophage-like” morphology. Patients initially manifested impaired stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation capacity in parallel with altered T cell homeostasis and a reduced T cell naïve compartment. We hypothesize that T cell compartment damage partly arises from altered new T cell production from the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells under stromal cytokine influence. NNK subset analysis might be useful for determining transplant outcome