pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous Games 3 An Innocent Model of Linear Logic

AbstractSince its early days, deterministic sequential game semantics has been limited to linear or polarized fragments of linear logic. Every attempt to extend the semantics to full propositional linear logic has bumped against the so-called Blass problem, which indicates (misleadingly) that a category of sequential games cannot be self-dual and cartesian at the same time. We circumvent this problem by considering (1) that sequential games are inherently positional; (2) that they admit internal positions as well as external positions. We construct in this way a sequential game model of propositional linear logic, which incorporates two variants of the innocent arena game model: the well-bracketed and the non well-bracketed ones
Measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in transverse momentum and rapidity in proton–proton collisions at 8 TeV

AbstractWe present a measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in rapidity and transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collision events at a centre-of-mass energy s=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The Z boson is identified via its decay to a pair of muons. The measurement provides a precision test of quantum chromodynamics over a large region of phase space. In addition, due to the small experimental uncertainties in the measurement the data has the potential to constrain the gluon parton distribution function in the kinematic regime important for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion. The results agree with the next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions computed with the fewz program. The results are also compared to the commonly used leading-order MadGraph and next-to-leading-order powheg generators
Hunkering down as Disruption of Community Cohesion: Municipal-, Neighbourhood- and Individual-level Effects

AbstractIn this article Putnam's claim, that persons in the US living in areas with high concentrations of ethnic minorities hunker down, is investigated in the Netherlands. Hunkering down is conceptualized and operationalized as: avoiding public spaces, refraining from social contacts and evaluating the neighbourhood unfavourably. Using multi-level modelling based on a representative sample of almost 60,000 persons, individual and contextual characteristics on three levels are linked to three dimensions of (lack of) community cohesion. We found more significant effects of contextual characteristics at the level of neighbourhoods than at the level of municipalities. We found that the concentration of ethnic minorities in the neighbourhood contributes to the explanation of these three dimensions of community cohesion, however, these effects are relatively minor. Moreover, we found that indicators of economic poverty in the neighbourhood similarly determine these dimensions of hunkering down
Ranking the vertices of a complete multipartite paired comparison digraph

AbstractA paired comparison digraph (abbreviated to PCD) D = (V, A) is a weighted digraph in which the sum of the weights of arcs, if any, joining two distinct vertices equals one. A one-to-one mapping α from V onto 1, 2, …, ¦V¦ is called a ranking of D. For every ranking α, an arc vu ϵ A is said to be forward if α(v) < α(u), and backward otherwise. The length of an arc vu is ℓ(vu) = ε(vu)¦α(v) − α(u)¦, where ε(vu) is the weight of vu. The forward (backward) length fD(α) (bD(α)) of α is the sum of the lengths of all forward (backward) arcs of D. A ranking α is forward (backward) optimal if f(α) is maximum (b(α) is minimum). Kano (Discrete Appl. Math. 17 (1987) 245–253) characterized all backward optimal rankings of a complete multipartite PCD L and raised the problem to characterize all forward optimal rankings of a complete multipartite PCD L. We show how to transform the last problem into the single machine job sequencing problem of minimizing total weighted completion time subject to precedence “parallel chains” constraints. This provides an algorithm for generating all forward optimal rankings of L as well as a polynomial algorithm for finding the average rank of every vertex in L over all forward optimal rankings of L
Larval development of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) fed on leaves of Bt maize expressing Cry1F and Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 proteins and its non-Bt isoline

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate, in controlled laboratory conditions (temperature of 25±2°C, relative humidity of 60±10%, and 14/10h L/D photoperiod), the larval development of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer, 1784) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) fed with leaves of Bt maize expressing Cry1F and Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 insecticide proteins and its non-Bt isoline. Maize leaves triggered 100% of mortality on S. eridania larvae independently of being Bt or non-Bt plants. However, it was observed that in overall Bt maize (expressing a single or pyramided protein) slightly affects the larval development of S. eridania, even under reduced leaf consumption. Therefore, these results showed that Cry1F and Cry1F + Cry1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 can affect the larval development of S. eridania, although it is not a target pest of this plant; however, more research is needed to better understand this evidence. Finally, this study confirms that non-Bt maize leaves are unsuitable food source to S. eridania larvae, suggesting that they are not a potential pest in maize fields
From self to social cognition: Theory of Mind mechanisms and their relation to Executive Functioning

Abstract‘Theory of Mind’ refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and other people (Premack & Woodruff, 1978). This study examined the extent to which ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ belief-attribution processes within the Theory of Mind (ToM) mechanism could be distinguished behaviourally, and whether these separable components differentially related to Executive Functioning (EF) abilities. A computerized false-belief task, utilizing a matched-design to allow direct comparison of self-oriented vs. other-oriented belief-attribution, was used to assess ToM, and a face-image Stroop task was employed to assess EF, within a population of typically-developed adults. Results revealed significantly longer reaction times when attributing beliefs to other people as opposed to recognizing and attributing beliefs to oneself. Intriguingly, results revealed that ‘perspective-shift’ requirements (i.e. changing from adoption of the ‘self’ perspective to the perspective of the ‘other’, or vice versa) across false-belief trials influenced reaction times. Reaction times were significantly longer when the perspective shift was from self-to-other than from other-to-self. It is suggested that the ‘self’ forms the stem of understanding the ‘other’, and is therefore processed regardless of ultimate task demands; in contrast, the ‘other’ perspective is only processed when explicitly required. We conclude that adopting another person’s perspective, even when their belief state is matched to one’s own, requires more cognitive effort than recalling and reflecting on self-oriented belief-states
European advanced driver training programs: Reasons for optimism

AbstractPost license advanced driver training programs in the US and early programs in Europe have often failed to accomplish their stated objectives because, it is suspected, that drivers gain self perceived driving skills that exceed their true skills—leading to increased post training crashes. The consensus from the evaluation of countless advanced driver training programs is that these programs are a detriment to safety, especially for novice, young, male drivers.Some European countries including Sweden, Finland, Austria, Luxembourg, and Norway, have continued to refine these programs, with an entirely new training philosophy emerging around 1990. These ‘post-renewal’ programs have shown considerable promise, despite various data quality and availability concerns. These programs share in common a focus on teaching drivers about self assessment and anticipation of risk, as opposed to teaching drivers how to master driving at the limits of tire adhesion. The programs focus on factors such as self actualization and driving discipline, rather than low level mastery of skills. Drivers are meant to depart these renewed programs with a more realistic assessment of their driving abilities. These renewed programs require considerable specialized and costly infrastructure including dedicated driver training facilities with driving modules engineered specifically for advanced driver training and highly structured curriculums. They are conspicuously missing from both the US road safety toolbox and academic literature. Given the considerable road safety concerns associated with US novice male drivers in particular, these programs warrant further attention.This paper reviews the predominant features and empirical evidence surrounding post licensing advanced driver training programs focused on novice drivers. A clear articulation of differences between the renewed and current US advanced driver training programs is provided. While the individual quantitative evaluations range from marginally to significantly effective in reducing novice driver crash risk, they have been criticized for evaluation deficiencies ranging from small sample sizes to confounding variables to lack of exposure metrics. Collectively, however, the programs sited in the paper suggest at least a marginally positive effect that needs to be validated with further studies. If additional well controlled studies can validate these programs, a pilot program in the US should be considered
Search for a light charged Higgs boson decaying to cs¯ in pp collisions at √s = 8TeV

A search for a light charged Higgs boson, originating from the decay of a top quark and subsequently decaying into a charm quark and a strange antiquark, is presented. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb[superscript −1] recorded in proton-proton collisions at  √s = 8  TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed in the process  t[bar over t]→W[superscript ±]bH[superscript ∓][bar over b], where the W boson decays to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. The decays lead to a final state comprising an isolated lepton, at least four jets and large missing transverse energy. No significant deviation is observed in the data with respect to the standard model predictions, and model-independent upper limits are set on the branching fraction  B(t→H[superscript +]b), ranging from 1.2 to 6.5% for a charged Higgs boson with mass between 90 and 160 GeV, under the assumption that  B(H[superscript +]→cs)=100% .United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Search for pair production of vector-like top quarks in events with one
  lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum in $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV pp
  collisions with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for vector-like top quarks using events with exactly
one lepton, at least four jets, and large missing transverse momentum are
reported. The search is optimised for pair production of vector-like top quarks
in the $Z(\rightarrow \! \! \nu \nu) \, t + X$ decay channel. LHC pp collision
data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS
detector in 2015 and 2016 are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 36.1 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. No significant excess over the Standard Model
expectation is seen and upper limits on the production cross-section of a
vector-like $T$ quark pair as a function of the $T$ quark mass are derived. The
observed (expected) 95% CL lower limits on the $T$ mass are 870 GeV (890 GeV)
for the weak-isospin singlet model, 1.05 TeV (1.06 TeV) for the weak-isospin
doublet model and 1.16 TeV (1.17 TeV) for the pure $Zt$ decay mode. Limits are
also set on the mass as a function of the decay branching ratios, excluding
large parts of the parameter space for masses below 1 TeV.Comment: 39 pages in total, author list starting page 23, 7 figures, 5 tables,
  submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2016-15
Azimuthal decorrelation of jets widely separated in rapidity in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The decorrelation in the azimuthal angle between the most forward and the most backward jets (Mueller-Navelet jets) is measured in data collected in pp collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at s=7 TeV. The measurement is presented in the form of distributions of azimuthal-angle differences, Δϕ, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, the average cosines of (π − Δϕ), 2(π − Δϕ), and 3(π − Δϕ), and ratios of these cosines. The jets are required to have transverse momenta, pT, in excess of 35 GeV and rapidities, |y|, of less than 4.7. The results are presented as a function of the rapidity separation, Δy, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, reaching Δy up to 9.4 for the first time. The results are compared to predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators and to analytical predictions based on the DGLAP and BFKL parton evolution schemes.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates and constraints on its couplings from a combined ATLAS and CMS analysis of the LHC pp collision data at √s = 7 and 8 TeV

Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or a Z boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes H → ZZ, W W, γγ, ττ, bb, and μμ. All results are reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses the CERN LHC proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5 fb−1 at √s = 7 TeV and 20 fb−1 at √s = 8 TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the two experiments are combined within the context of three generic parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 ± 0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector boson fusion production process and for the H → ττ decay of 5.4 and 5.5 standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Testing the neoclassical migration model: overall and age-group specific results for German regions

This paper tests the empirical validity of the neoclassical migration model in predicting German internal migration flows. We estimate static and dynamic migration functions for 97 Spatial Planning Regions between 1996 and 2006 using key labor market signals including income and unemployment differences among a broader set of explanatory variables. In addition to an aggregate specification we also estimate the model for age-group related subsamples. Our results give empirical support for the main transmission channels identified by the neoclassical framework - both at the aggregate level as well as for age-group specific estimates. Thereby, the impact of labor market signals is tested to be of greatestmagnitude for workforce relevant age groups and especially young cohorts between the ages of 18 to 25 and 25 to 30. This latter result emphasizes the prominent role played by labor market conditions in determining internal migration rates of the working population in Germany
Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the
                circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with
                the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed
                the association between anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres
                and the magnitude and duration of vaccine efficacy using data
                from a phase 3 trial done between 2009 and 2014. METHODS: Using
                data from 8922 African children aged 5-17 months and 6537
                African infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination, we
                analysed the determinants of immunogenicity after RTS,S/AS01
                vaccination with or without a booster dose. We assessed the
                association between the incidence of clinical malaria and
                anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres using a model of
                anti-circumsporozoite antibody dynamics and the natural
                acquisition of protective immunity over time. FINDINGS:
                RTS,S/AS01-induced anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres were
                greater in children aged 5-17 months than in those aged 6-12
                weeks. Pre-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite titres were
                associated with lower immunogenicity in children aged 6-12 weeks
                and higher immunogenicity in those aged 5-17 months. The
                immunogenicity of the booster dose was strongly associated with
                immunogenicity after primary vaccination. Anti-circumsporozoite
                titres wane according to a biphasic exponential distribution. In
                participants aged 5-17 months, the half-life of the short-lived
                component of the antibody response was 45 days (95% credible
                interval 42-48) and that of the long-lived component was 591
                days (557-632). After primary vaccination 12% (11-13) of the
                response was estimated to be long-lived, rising to 30% (28-32%)
                after a booster dose. An anti-circumsporozoite antibody titre of
                121 EU/mL (98-153) was estimated to prevent 50% of infections.
                Waning anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres predict the
                duration of efficacy against clinical malaria across different
                age categories and transmission intensities, and efficacy wanes
                more rapidly at higher transmission intensity. INTERPRETATION:
                Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres are a surrogate of
                protection for the magnitude and duration of RTS,S/AS01
                efficacy, with or without a booster dose, providing a valuable
                surrogate of effectiveness for new RTS,S formulations in the age
                groups considered. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council
Precious Metals in SDSS Quasar Spectra. I. Tracking the Evolution of Strong, 1.5 < z < 4.5 C IV Absorbers with Thousands of Systems

We have vastly increased the C IV statistics at intermediate redshift by surveying the thousands of quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data-Release 7. We visually verified over 16,000 C IV systems with 1.46 < z < 4.55—a sample size that renders Poisson error negligible. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations show that we are approximately 50% complete down to rest equivalent widths W r ≈ 0.6 Å. We analyzed the sample as a whole and in 10 small redshift bins with approximately 1500 doublets each. The equivalent width frequency distributions f(W r) were well modeled by an exponential, with little evolution in shape. In contrast with previous studies that modeled the frequency distribution as a single power law, the fitted exponential gives a finite mass density for the C IV ions. The comoving line density dNCIV/dX evolved smoothly with redshift, increasing by a factor of 2.37 ± 0.09 from z = 4.55-1.96, then plateauing at dNCIV/dX [approx equal to] 0.34 for z = 1.96-1.46. Comparing our SDSS sample with z < 1 (ultraviolet) and z > 5 (infrared) surveys, we see an approximately 10-fold increase in dNCIV/dX over z ≈ 6 → 0, for W r ≥ 0.6 Å. This suggests a monotonic and significant increase in the enrichment of gas outside galaxies over the 12 Gyr lifetime of the universe.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship (AST-1003139))Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Research Fellowship)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Physic
Through the eyes of Chinese: the theory of planned behaviour in relation to Australian products and services

An expanded theory of planned behaviour (TPB) model was used to examine the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, self-identity, and past behaviour on Chinese consumers’ intention to purchase Australian products and/or services. Data were obtained via an electronic survey completed by 3,171 respondents in China. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed support for the ability of the expanded TPB model to\ud
predict Chinese consumers’ intentions to purchase Australian products and services.\ud
Specifically, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, self-identity, and past behaviour all predicted purchase intentions.\u
Through the lens of culture: Chinese consumers' intentions to purchase imported products

This study examines the influence of culture on Chinese consumers’ intentions to purchase Australian products. Data were obtained from an online survey completed by 3,171 respondents across 20 cities in China. Results indicate that ingroup influence, product perception, but not marketing efforts have a significant main effect on purchase intentions. In addition, ingroup influence moderates the effects of product perception and marketing efforts on intentions. When ingroup influence is low, product perception has a greater impact on purchase intention than when ingroup influence is high. Similarly, marketing efforts have a greater impact on purchase intention when ingroup influence is low than when it is high. In addition, self-identity as a consumer of imported products also moderates the strength of association between product perception and purchase intention. When self-identity is low, product perception has a greater impact on purchase intention than when self-identity is high. Implications of the findings for theory and practice, in the context of trade between an individualistic culture like Australia and a collectivistic one like China, are discussed. \ud
\u
Black hole thermodynamics with dynamical lambda.

We study evolution and thermodynamics of a slow-roll transition between early and late time de Sitter phases, both in the homogeneous case and in the presence of a black hole, in a scalar field model with a generic potential having both a maximum and a positive minimum. Asymptotically future de Sitter spacetimes are characterized by ADM charges known as cosmological tensions. We show that the late time de Sitter phase has finite cosmological tension when the scalar field oscillation around its minimum is underdamped, while the cosmological tension in the overdamped case diverges. We compute the variation in the cosmological and black hole horizon areas between the early and late time phases, finding that the fractional change in horizon area is proportional to the corresponding fractional change in the effective cosmological constant. We show that the extended first law of thermodynamics, including variation in the effective cosmological constant, is satisfied between the initial and final states, and discuss the dynamical evolution of the black hole temperature