pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Formation of mega-scale glacial lineations on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream bed : 2. sedimentology and stratigraphy.

Mega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) are highly elongate, subglacial landforms produced beneath zones of fast-flowing ice. While qualitative data on their morphology have existed for several decades, studies of their composition and sedimentology are comparatively rare. Sediment exposures along the course of the Finnie River in Nunavut, northern Canada, provide a window into the internal stratigraphy and sedimentology of MSGLs formed by the Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream during regional deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Stratigraphic sections record evidence for an initial advance of ice into the study area followed by ice sheet recession and deposition of glacifluvial and glacilacustrine outwash. Subsequently, the Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream overrode and reworked this outwash subglacially forming an ‘MSGL till’. This till comprises a sandy, red diamicton facies, forming the core of the MSGL ridges and containing variably deformed lenses, stringers and rafts of outwash. The sedimentology of this diamicton is consistent with an origin as a glacitectonite and hybrid till formed by a combination of non-pervasive subglacial sediment deformation and lodgement. Facies variations from stratified to massive diamicton reflect, in turn, variations in strain and subglacial transport distance. The occurrence of stratified glacifluvial sediments within these ridges and the well-preserved nature of many of the sandy inclusions within the diamicton imply relatively short transport distances and incomplete mixing. MSGLs under the Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream formed through a combination of subglacial erosion and deposition. This included non-pervasive, subglacial sediment deformation and the reworking of pre-existing sediment depocentres during streaming flow. These results highlight the importance of sediment supply to MSGL formation with the presence of abundant pre-existing sediments which were subsequently overridden being critical to lineation formation
Adiposity measures and risk of cardiovascular disease

Background: Despite several decades of research, the relevance of body fat and body fat distribution to the risk of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. This thesis aims to investigate associations of body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease under a range of different circumstances. 
Methods: This thesis used individual records from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration to calculate risk ratios, and measures of discrimination and reclassification. 118 prospective studies, involving 1,064,541 participants without known history of cardiovascular disease, had information on BMI at baseline examination. 58 of these studies, involving 221,934 participants, had additional information on waist and hip circumference at baseline examination. Serial measurements made in 42,300 participants from 12 studies with concomitant information on these adiposity measures enabled quantification of within-person variability in BMI, WC and WHR. 
Results: Cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that although the correlations of adiposity measures differed with one another, BMI, WC and WHR were similarly and importantly associated with mediating cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, fasting glucose and lipids. Within-person variability was lower in BMI (regression dilution ratio: 0.96) than in WC (0.88) and WHR (0.66). The variability of adiposity measures was not materially influenced by several characteristics, although the variability of WHR varied somewhat by sex, diabetes status and baseline WHR values. 1,064,541 individuals with information on BMI recorded 161,903 deaths or non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes during 15.0 million person-years of follow-up. In analyses adjusted for age, sex and smoking status, BMI had positive and nearly loge-linear associations with coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke (except at BMI values below 20 kg/m2), which were largely explained by the intermediate risk factors noted above. The association between BMI and non-vascular mortality was curvilinear. Data on 221,934 individuals with complete information on weight, height, and waist and hip circumference (14,297 incident cardiovascular outcomes; 1.87 million person-years of follow-up) demonstrated that BMI, WC and WHR were substantially and similarly related to risk of coronary heart disease and ischaemic stroke. For cardiovascular risk prediction, additional information on BMI, WC or WHR to a prediction model containing conventional risk factors did not importantly improve risk discrimination, nor classification of participants to risk categories of predicted 10-year risk. 
Conclusions: BMI, WC and WHR are similarly associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, with much of the risk explained by intermediate risk factors. These clinical measures of adiposity do not importantly improve cardiovascular risk prediction when additional information is available on blood pressures, history of diabetes and lipids
Evidence of a massive planet candidate orbiting the young active K5V
  star BD+20 1790

BD+20 1790 is a young active, metal-rich, late-type K5Ve star. We have
undertaken a study of stellar activity and kinematics for this star over the
past few years. Previous results show a high level of stellar activity, with
the presence of prominence-like structures, spots on the surface and strong
flare events, despite the moderate rotational velocity of the star. In
addition, radial velocity variations with a semi-amplitude of up to 1 km/s were
detected. We investigated the nature of these radial velocity variations, in
order to determine whether they are due to stellar activity or the reflex
motion of the star induced by a companion. We have analysed high-resolution
echelle spectra and also two-band photometry was obtained to produce the light
curve and determine the photometric period. Based upon the analysis of the
bisector velocity span, as well as spectroscopic indices of chromospheric
indicators and taking into account the photometric analysis, we report that the
best explanation for the RV variation is the presence of a sub-stellar
companion. The Keplerian fit of the RV data yields a solution for a close-in
massive planet with an orbital period of 7.78 days. The presence of the
close-in massive planet could also be an interpretation for the high level of
stellar activity detected. Since the RV data are not part of a planet search
program, we can consider our results as a serendipitous evidence of a planetary
companion. To date, this is the youngest main sequence star for which a
planetary candidate has been reported.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Probing the CP nature of the Higgs boson at linear colliders with tau
  spin correlations; the case of mixed scalar--pseudoscalar couplings

The prospects for the measurement of the pseudoscalar admixture in the
h-tau-tau coupling to a Standard Model Higgs boson of 120 GeV mass are
discussed in a quantitative manner e+ e- collisions of 350 GeV centre-of-mass
energy. Specific angular distributions in the h --> tau tau; tau --> rho nu
decay chain can be used to probe mixing angles of scalar--pseudoscalar
h-tau-tau couplings. In the discussion of the feasibility of the method,
assumptions on the properties of a future detector for an e+ e- linear collider
such as TESLA are used. The Standard Model Higgsstrahlung production process is
taken as an example. For the expected performance of a typical Linear Collider
set-up, the sensitivity of a measurement of the scalar--pseudoscalar mixing
angle turned out to be 6 degree. It will be straightforward to apply our
results to estimate the sensitivity of a measurement, in cases another scenario
of the Higgs boson sector (Standard Model or not) is chosen by nature. The
experimental error of the method is expected to be limited by the statistics.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX. Corrections of published version include
QCD corrections to the Wilson coefficients C9 and C10 in two-Higgs
  doublet models

In this letter we present the analytic results for the two-loop corrections
to the Wilson coefficients C_9(mu_W) and C_10(mu_W) in type-I and type-II
two-Higgs-doublet models at the matching scale mu_W. These corrections are
important ingredients for next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic predictions of
various observables related to the decays B -> X_s l^+ l^- in these models. In
scenarios with moderate values of tan(beta) neutral Higgs boson contributions
can be safely neglected for e,mu. Therefore we concentrate on the contributions
mediated by charged Higgs bosons.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Multiple Transition States and Roaming in Ion-Molecule Reactions: a
  Phase Space Perspective

We provide a dynamical interpretation of the recently identified `roaming'
mechanism for molecular dissociation reactions in terms of geometrical
structures in phase space. These are NHIMs (Normally Hyperbolic Invariant
Manifolds) and their stable/unstable manifolds that define transition states
for ion-molecule association or dissociation reactions. The associated dividing
surfaces rigorously define a roaming region of phase space, in which both
reactive and nonreactive trajectories can be trapped for arbitrarily long
times.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure
LHC Constraints on the Lee-Wick Higgs Sector

We determine constraints on the Lee-Wick Higgs sector obtained from the full
LHC Higgs boson data set. We determine the current lower bound on the heavy
neutral Lee-Wick scalar, as well as projected bounds at a 14 TeV LHC with 300
and 3000 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity. We point out that the
first sign of new physics in this model may be the observation of a deviation
from standard model expectations of the lighter neutral Higgs signal strengths
corresponding to production via gluon-gluon fusion and decay to either tau or
$Z$ pairs. The signal strength of the latter is greater than the standard model
expectation, unlike most extensions of the standard model.Comment: 14 pages LaTeX, 2 figures (v2: reference added
A new jet reconstruction algorithm for lepton colliders

We propose a new sequential jet reconstruction algorithm for future lepton
colliders at the energy frontier. The Valencia algorithm combines the natural
distance criterion for lepton colliders with the greater robustness against
backgrounds of algorithms adapted to hadron colliders. Results on a detailed
Monte Carlo simulation of $t\bar{t}$ and $ZZ$ production at future linear
$e^+e^-$ colliders (ILC and CLIC) with a realistic level of background
overlaid, show that it achieves better performance in the presence of
background.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Z-Z' Mixing and Z-Mediated FCNCs in SU(3)_C x SU(3)_L x U(1)_X Models

Most of the existing analyses of FCNC processes in the 331 models, based on
the gauge group SU(3)_C x SU(3)_L x U(1)_X, take only into account tree-level
exchanges of a new heavy neutral gauge boson Z'. However due to the Z-Z' mixing
also corresponding contributions from Z boson are present that are usually
neglected. We calculate the impact of these contributions on Delta F=2
processes and rare K, B_s and B_d decays for different values of a parameter
beta, which distinguishes between various 331 models and for different fermion
representations under the SU(3)_L group. We find a general expression for the
Z-Z' mixing in terms beta, M_Z, M_Z' and tan(bar{beta}), familiar from 2 Higgs
Doublet models, that differs from the one quoted in the literature. We study in
particular the models with beta=+-n/sqrt{3} with n=1,2 which have recently been
investigated by us in the context of new data on B_{s,d}->mu^+ mu^- and
B_d->K^*(K)mu^+ mu^-. We find that these new contributions can indeed be
neglected in the case of Delta F=2 transitions and decays, like
B_d->K^*mu^+mu^-, where they are suppressed by the small vectorial Z coupling
to charged leptons. However the contributions of tree-level Z exchanges to
decays sensitive to axial-vector couplings, like B_{s,d}->mu^+ mu^- and B_d->K
mu^+ mu^-, and those with neutrinos in the final state, like b->s nu bar{nu}
transitions, K^+->pi^+ nu bar{nu} and K_L->pi^0 nu bar{nu} cannot be generally
neglected with size of Z contributions depending on beta, tan(bar{beta}) and
M_Z'. We analyze for the first time the ratio epsilon'/epsilon in these models
including both Z' and Z contributions. Our analysis of electroweak precision
observables within 331 models demonstrates transparently that the interplay of
NP effects in electroweak precision observables and those in flavour
observables could allow in the future to identify the favourite 331 model.Comment: 44 pages, 15 figures, 9 tables; clarifying comments added; version
  accepted for publication in JHE
$B_c$ meson production at the Tevatron Revisited

CDF recently measured the quantity $\frac{\sigma(B_c^+)}{\sigma(B^+)}
\frac{{\rm BR}(B_c^+ \to J/\psi \ell^+ \nu)}{{\rm BR}(B^+ \to J/\psi K^+)}$,
{}from which we determine the ratio $\frac{\sigma(B_c^+)}{\sigma(\bar b)}$ to
be $(2.08\err{1.06}{0.95})\times 10^{-3}$. In this note, we show that the ratio
$\frac{\sigma(B_c^+)}{\sigma(\bar b)}$ obtained by dividing the $\sigma(B_c^+)$
by the leading order $\sigma(\bar b)$ is consistent with this derived CDF
measurement. We calculate the cross section $\sigma(B_c^+)$ using the
perturbative QCD fragmentation functions of Braaten, Cheung, and Yuan and the
corresponding induced gluon fragmentation functions, with the charm-quark mass
$m_c$ as a parameter. We also estimate the parameter $m_c$ from the CDF data
and then predict the production rate at RunII.Comment: minor changes in text and figur
A new Ricci flat geometry

We are proposing a new Ricci flat metric constructed from an infinite family
of Sasaki-Einstein, $Y^{(p,q)}$, geometries. This geometry contains a free
parameter $s$ and in the $s\to 0$ limit we get back the usual CY. When this
geometry is probed both by a stack of D3 and fractional D3 branes then the
corresponding supergravity solution is found which is a warped product of this
new 6-dimensional geometry and the flat $R^{3,1}$. This solution in the
specific limit as mentioned above reproduces the solution found in
hep-th/0412193. The integrated five-form field strength over $S^2\times S^3$
goes logarithmically but the argument of Log function is different than has
been found before.Comment: 7pp, Kahlerian behavior is mentioned in section 2, along with two
  references and a not
A General Classification of Three-Neutrino Models and $U_{e3}$

A classification of models with three light neutrinos is given. Thisclassification includes virtually all of the three-neutrino models published inthe last few years. The essential ideas, attractive features, andcharacteristic problems of the different classes of model are discussed. Theclassification is based principally on how large mixing of mu and tau neutrinosis obtained. A general discussion of the mixing parameter U_e3 is then given,showing what values are to be expected in each type of model
Intersecting Brane Worlds on Tori and Orbifolds

We review the construction and phenomenology of intersecting brane worlds. The breaking of chiral and supersymmetry together with a reduction of gauge symmetry by introducing D-branes at generic angles into type I or type II string compactifications is taken as a starting point for the engineering of phenomenologically appealing four-dimensional vacua. Examples that come very close to Standard Model and GUT physics are considered and issues like the cancellation of anomalies and the emergence of global symmetries studied in some detail. Concerning the gravitational backreaction, the perturbative potential generated at the disc level is shown to lead to a run-away instability of geometric moduli within the purely toroidal compactifications. It can at least partly be avoided in certain orbifold vacua, where the relevant moduli are frozen. These more restricted models still possess sufficient freedom to find semi-realistic brane world orbifolds
Strong Coupling Hadron Masses in $1/d$ Expansion for Wilson fermions

Motivated by the weak-strong coupling expansion \cite{Rosenstein}, we
calculate the spectrum of hadrons using a systematic $1/d$ ($d$ -
dimensionality of spacetime) in addition to a strong coupling expansion in
$\beta$. The $1/d$ expansion is pushed to the next to leading order in ($1/d$)
for mesons and next to next to leading order for baryons. We do the calculation
using Wilson fermions with arbitrary $r$ and show that doublers decouple from
the spectrum only when $r$ is close to the Wilson's value $r=1$. For these $r$
the spectrum is much closer to the lattice results and the phenomenological
values than those obtained by using either the (nonsystematic) "randomwalk"
approximation or the hopping parameter expansion. In particular, the value of
the nucleon to $\rho$ - meson mass ratio is lowered to $\frac {3 \log d -1/4}{2
{\rm arccosh} 2}+O(1/d)\approx 1.48$. The result holds even for $\beta$ as
large as 5, where the weak-strong coupling expansion is applicable and
therefore these results are expected to be reasonable.Comment: 13 pages, one figure, written in Revtex 3.0, one figure available
  upon request to baruch@phys.nthu.edu.t
Enhanced group analysis and conservation laws of variable coefficient
  reaction-diffusion equations with power nonlinearities

A class of variable coefficient (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear
reaction-diffusion equations of the general form
$f(x)u_t=(g(x)u^nu_x)_x+h(x)u^m$ is investigated. Different kinds of
equivalence groups are constructed including ones with transformations which
are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. For the class under
consideration the complete group classification is performed with respect to
convenient equivalence groups (generalized extended and conditional ones) and
with respect to the set of all point transformations. Usage of different
equivalences and coefficient gauges plays the major role for simple and clear
formulation of the final results. The corresponding set of admissible
transformations is described exhaustively. Then, using the most direct method,
we classify local conservation laws. Some exact solutions are constructed by
the classical Lie method.Comment: 23 pages, minor misprints are correcte
Higher-order calculations of electron-deuteron scattering in nuclear
  effective theory

Motivated by recent advances in the application of effective field theory
techniques to light nuclei we revisit the problem of electron-deuteron
scattering in these approaches. By sidestepping problems with the description
of electron-nucleon scattering data in effective field theories, we show that
the effective theory expansion for deuteron physics converges well over a wide
range of momentum transfers. The resultant description of the physics of the
two-nucleon system is good up to virtual photon momenta of order 700 MeV.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure
The effect of the intergalactic environment on the observability of Lya emitters during reionization

Observations of high-redshift Lya sources are a major tool for studying the high-redshift universe and are one of the most promising ways to constrain the later stages of reionization. The understanding and interpretation of the data is far from straightforward, however. We discuss the effect of the reionizing intergalactic medium (IGM) on the observability of Lya sources based on large simulations of early structure formation with radiative transfer. This takes into account self-consistently the reionization history, density, velocity and ionization structures and non-linear source clustering. We find that all fields are highly anisotropic and as a consequence there are very large variations in opacity among the different lines of sight. The velocity effects, from both infall and source peculiar velocity are most important for the luminous sources, affecting the line profile and depressing the bright end of the luminosity function. The line profiles are generally asymmetric and the line centres of the luminous sources are always absorbed due to the high density of the local IGM. For both luminous and average sources the damping wing effects are of similar magnitude and remain significant until fairly late, when the IGM is ionized between 30 and 70 per cent by mass
Virtual task simulation for inclusive design

This is a conference paper. It was presented at the Second International Conference, ICDHM 2009. The original publication is available at:  http://www.springerlink.com/content/v22t580752233557/Human modelling tools provide a means to perform virtual task evaluations upon designs within the computer environment. The ability to evaluate the accommodation of a design early on in the design process before physical prototypes can be built has many advantages. These advantages are particularly relevant in supporting people in attempting to design products that are inclusive and accessible. HADRIAN is a new tool developed to provide accessible, and applicable data on people with a broad range of size, age, and ability together with a means of optimising virtual task evaluations. This paper describes the use of HADRIAN in performing a task evaluation, focusing on the underlying methodology that aims to achieve a virtual simulation that mimics a real world user trial
Some design considerations for polymer-free drug-eluting stents : a mathematical approach

In this paper we provide the first model of drug elution from polymer-free arterial drug-eluting stents. The generalised model is capable of predicting the drug release from a number of polymer-free systems including those that exhibit nanoporous, nanotubular and smooth surfaces. We derive analytical solutions which allow us to easily determine the important parameters that control the drug release. Drug release profiles are provided, and we offer design recommendations so that the release profile may be tailored to achieve the desired outcome. The models presented here are not specific to drug-eluting stents and may also be applied to other biomedical implants that use nanoporous surfaces to release a drug
Planck intermediate results. XXXIV. The magnetic field structure in the
  Rosette Nebula

Planck has mapped the polarized dust emission over the whole sky, making it
possible to trace the Galactic magnetic field structure that pervades the
interstellar medium (ISM). We combine polarization data from Planck with
rotation measure (RM) observations towards a massive star-forming region, the
Rosette Nebula in the Monoceros molecular cloud, to study its magnetic field
structure and the impact of an expanding HII region on the morphology of the
field. We derive an analytical solution for the magnetic field, assumed to
evolve from an initially uniform configuration following the expansion of
ionized gas and the formation of a shell of swept-up ISM. From the RM data we
estimate a mean value of the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field of
about 3microG (towards the observer) in the Rosette Nebula, for a uniform
electron density of about 12cm-3. The dust shell that surrounds the Rosette HII
region is clearly observed in the Planck intensity map at 353 GHz, with a
polarization signal significantly different from that of the local background
when considered as a whole. The Planck observations constrain the
plane-of-the-sky orientation of the magnetic field in the Rosette's parent
molecular cloud to be mostly aligned with the large-scale field along the
Galactic plane. The Planck data are compared with the analytical model, which
predicts the mean polarization properties of a spherical and uniform dust shell
for a given orientation of the field. This comparison leads to an upper limit
of about 45degr on the angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field
in the Rosette complex, for an assumed intrinsic dust polarization fraction of
4%. This field direction can reproduce the RM values detected in the ionized
region if the magnetic field strength in the Monoceros molecular cloud is in
the range 6.5--9microG.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. A&A accepted. Corresponding author: M.I.R.
  Alve