pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Coupled measurements of δ18O and δD of hydration water and salinity of fluid inclusions in gypsum from the Messinian Yesares Member, Sorbas Basin (SE Spain)

AbstractWe studied one cycle (Cycle 6) of gypsum–marl deposition from the Messinian Yesares Member in Sorbas Basin, Spain. The objective was to reconstruct the changing environment of deposition and its relation to astronomically-forced climate change. The δ18O and δD of gypsum hydration water (CaSO4 • 2H2O) and salinity of fluid inclusions were measured in the same samples to test if they record the composition of the mother fluid from which gypsum was precipitated. Water isotopes are highly correlated with fluid inclusion salinity suggesting the hydration water has not exchanged after formation. The relatively low water isotope values and fluid inclusion salinities indicate a significant influence of meteoric water, whereas δ34S, δ18OSO4 and 87Sr/86Sr support a dominant marine origin for the gypsum deposits. The discrepancy between water and elemental isotope signatures can be reconciled if meteoric water dissolved previously deposited marine sulfates supplying calcium and sulfate ions to the basin which maintained gypsum saturation. This recycling process accounts for the marine δ34S, δ18OSO4 and 87Sr/86Sr signatures, whereas the low δ18O and δD values of gypsum hydration water and fluid inclusion salinities reflect the influence of freshwater.The cyclic deposition of gypsum and marl in the Yesares Member has previously been interpreted to reflect changing climate related to Earth's precession cycle. We demonstrate that the δ18O, δD and salinity of the parent brine increased from low values at the base of the cycle to a maximum in the massive gypsum palisade, and decreased again to lower values in the supercones at the top of the cycle. This pattern, together with changes in mineralogy (calcite–dolomite–gypsum), is consistent with a precession-driven change in climate with wettest conditions (summer insolation maxima) associated with the base of the calcium carbonate marls and driest conditions (summer insolation minima) during formation of the gypsum palisade
Fusion rules for the logarithmic N=1 superconformal minimal models II: Including the Ramond sector

AbstractThe Virasoro logarithmic minimal models were intensively studied by several groups over the last ten years with much attention paid to the fusion rules and the structures of the indecomposable representations that fusion generates. The analogous study of the fusion rules of the N=1 superconformal logarithmic minimal models was initiated in [1] as a continuum counterpart to the lattice explorations of [2]. These works restricted fusion considerations to Neveu–Schwarz representations. Here, this is extended to include the Ramond sector. Technical advances that make this possible include a fermionic Verlinde formula applicable to logarithmic conformal field theories and a twisted version of the fusion algorithm of Nahm and Gaberdiel–Kausch. The results include the first construction and detailed analysis of logarithmic structures in the Ramond sector
Illicit and pharmaceutical drug consumption estimated via wastewater analysis. Part B: Placing back-calculations in a formal statistical framework

AbstractConcentrations of metabolites of illicit drugs in sewage water can be measured with great accuracy and precision, thanks to the development of sensitive and robust analytical methods. Based on assumptions about factors including the excretion profile of the parent drug, routes of administration and the number of individuals using the wastewater system, the level of consumption of a drug can be estimated from such measured concentrations. When presenting results from these ‘back-calculations’, the multiple sources of uncertainty are often discussed, but are not usually explicitly taken into account in the estimation process. In this paper we demonstrate how these calculations can be placed in a more formal statistical framework by assuming a distribution for each parameter involved, based on a review of the evidence underpinning it. Using a Monte Carlo simulations approach, it is then straightforward to propagate uncertainty in each parameter through the back-calculations, producing a distribution for instead of a single estimate of daily or average consumption. This can be summarised for example by a median and credible interval. To demonstrate this approach, we estimate cocaine consumption in a large urban UK population, using measured concentrations of two of its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and norbenzoylecgonine. We also demonstrate a more sophisticated analysis, implemented within a Bayesian statistical framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Our model allows the two metabolites to simultaneously inform estimates of daily cocaine consumption and explicitly allows for variability between days. After accounting for this variability, the resulting credible interval for average daily consumption is appropriately wider, representing additional uncertainty. We discuss possibilities for extensions to the model, and whether analysis of wastewater samples has potential to contribute to a prevalence model for illicit drug use
The topological susceptibility in the large-N limit of SU(N) Yang–Mills theory

AbstractWe compute the topological susceptibility of the SU(N) Yang–Mills theory in the large-N limit with a percent level accuracy. This is achieved by measuring the gradient-flow definition of the susceptibility at three values of the lattice spacing for N=3,4,5,6. Thanks to this coverage of parameter space, we can extrapolate the results to the large-N and continuum limits with confidence. Open boundary conditions are instrumental to make simulations feasible on the finer lattices at the larger N
Branching fraction, polarization and CP-violating asymmetries in B0→D*+D*− decays

AbstractWe present measurements of the branching fraction, the polarization parameters and CP-violating asymmetries in B0→D∗+D∗− decays using a 140 fb−1 data sample collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider. We obtain B(B0→D∗+D∗−)=[0.81±0.08(stat)±0.11(syst)]×10−3, R⊥=0.19±0.08(stat)±0.01(syst), R0=0.57±0.08(stat)±0.02(syst), S=−0.75±0.56(stat)±0.12(syst) and A=−0.26±0.26(stat)±0.06(syst). Consistency with Standard Model expectations is also discussed
A multi-contrast MRI study of microstructural brain damage in patients with mild cognitive impairment

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate pathological mechanisms underlying brain tissue alterations in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using multi-contrast 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsForty-two MCI patients and 77 healthy controls (HC) underwent T1/T2* relaxometry as well as Magnetization Transfer (MT) MRI. Between-groups comparisons in MRI metrics were performed using permutation-based tests. Using MRI data, a generalized linear model (GLM) was computed to predict clinical performance and a support-vector machine (SVM) classification was used to classify MCI and HC subjects.ResultsMulti-parametric MRI data showed microstructural brain alterations in MCI patients vs HC that might be interpreted as: (i) a broad loss of myelin/cellular proteins and tissue microstructure in the hippocampus (p ≤ 0.01) and global white matter (p < 0.05); and (ii) iron accumulation in the pallidus nucleus (p ≤ 0.05). MRI metrics accurately predicted memory and executive performances in patients (p ≤ 0.005). SVM classification reached an accuracy of 75% to separate MCI and HC, and performed best using both volumes and T1/T2*/MT metrics.ConclusionMulti-contrast MRI appears to be a promising approach to infer pathophysiological mechanisms leading to brain tissue alterations in MCI. Likewise, parametric MRI data provide powerful correlates of cognitive deficits and improve automatic disease classification based on morphometric features
Precise predictions for ha→hbhc decays in the complex MSSM

AbstractComplete one-loop results for the decay widths of neutral Higgs bosons (ha) into lighter neutral Higgs bosons (hb,hc) are presented for the MSSM with complex parameters. The results are obtained in the Feynman-diagrammatic approach, taking into account the full dependence on the spectrum of supersymmetric particles and all complex phases of the supersymmetric parameters. The genuine triple-Higgs vertex contributions are supplemented with two-loop propagator-type corrections, yielding the currently most precise prediction for this class of processes. The genuine vertex corrections turn out to be very important, yielding a large increase of the decay width compared to a prediction based on the tree-level vertex. The new results are used to analyse the impact of the experimental limits from the LEP Higgs searches on the parameter space with a very light MSSM Higgs boson. It is found that a significant part of the parameter space of the CPX benchmark scenario exists where channels involving the decay h2→h1h1 have the highest search sensitivity, and the existence of an unexcluded region with Mh1≈45 GeV is confirmed
Search for high-mass resonances decaying into τ-lepton pairs in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA search for high-mass resonances decaying into τ+τ− is performed using a data sample of pp collisions at s=7 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1. The number of observed events is in agreement with the standard model prediction. An upper limit on the product of the resonance cross section and branching fraction into τ-lepton pairs is calculated as a function of the resonance mass. Using the sequential standard model resonance ZSSM′ and the superstring-inspired E6 model with resonance Zψ′ as benchmarks, resonances with standard model couplings with masses below 1.4 and 1.1 TeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level
Junctate, an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated protein, is present in rodent sperm and binds TRPC2 and TRPC5 but not TRPC1 channels

AbstractThe acrosome reaction, the first step of the fertilization, is induced by calcium influx through Canonical Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRPC). The molecular nature of TRPC involved is still a debated question. In mouse, TRPC2 plays the most important role and is responsible for the calcium plateau. However, TRPC1 and TRPC5 are also localized in the acrosomal crescent of the sperm head and may participate in calcium signaling, especially in TRPC2-deficient mice. Activation of TRPC channels is an unresolved question in germ and somatic cells as well. In particular, in sperm, little is known concerning the molecular events leading to TRPC2 activation. From the discovery of IP3R binding domains on TRPC2, it has been suggested that TRPC channel activation may be due to a conformational coupling between IP3R and TRPC channels. Moreover, recent data demonstrate that junctate, an IP3R associated protein, participates also in the gating of some TRPC.In this study, we demonstrate that junctate is expressed in sperm and co-localizes with the IP3R in the acrosomal crescent of the anterior head of rodent sperm. Consistent with its specific localization, we show by pull-down experiments that junctate interacts with TRPC2 and TRPC5 but not with TRPC1. We focused on the interaction between TRPC2 and junctate, and we show that the N-terminus of junctate interacts with the C-terminus of TRPC2, both in vitro and in a heterologous expression system. We show that junctate binds to TRPC2 independently of the calcium concentration and that the junctate binding site does not overlap with the common IP3R/calmodulin binding sites.TRPC2 gating is downstream phospholipase C activation, which is a key and necessary step during the acrosome reaction. TRPC2 may then be activated directly by diacylglycerol (DAG), as in neurons of the vomeronasal organ. In the present study, we investigated whether DAG could promote the acrosome reaction. We found that 100 μM OAG, a permeant DAG analogue, was unable to trigger the acrosome reaction.Altogether, these results provide a new hypothesis concerning sperm TRPC2 gating: TRPC2 activation may be due to modifications of its interaction with both junctate and IP3R, induced by depletion of calcium from the acrosomal vesicle
mTOR inhibition increases cell viability via autophagy induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress – An experimental and modeling study

AbstractUnfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger an adaptive ER stress response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the severity of ER stress, either autophagy-controlled survival or apoptotic cell death can be induced. The molecular mechanisms by which UPR controls multiple fate decisions have started to emerge. One such molecular mechanism involves a master regulator of cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which paradoxically is shown to have pro-apoptotic role by mutually interacting with ER stress response. How the interconnections between UPR and mTOR influence the dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis activation is still unclear. Here we make an attempt to explore this problem by using experiments and mathematical modeling. The effect of perturbed mTOR activity in ER stressed cells was studied on autophagy and cell viability by using agents causing mTOR pathway inhibition (such as rapamycin or metyrapone). We observed that mTOR inhibition led to an increase in cell viability and was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity. It was also shown that autophagy was activated under conditions of severe ER stress but that in the latter phase of stress it was inhibited at the time of apoptosis activation. Our mathematical model shows that both the activation threshold and temporal dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis inducers are sensitive to variation in mTOR activity. These results confirm that autophagy has cytoprotective role and is activated in mutually exclusive manner with respect to ER stress levels
The exact decomposition of gauge variables in lattice Yang–Mills theory

AbstractIn this Letter, we consider lattice versions of the decomposition of the Yang–Mills field a la Cho–Faddeev–Niemi, which was extended by Kondo, Shinohara and Murakami in the continuum formulation. For the SU(N) gauge group, we propose a set of defining equations for specifying the decomposition of the gauge link variable and solve them exactly without using the ansatz adopted in the previous studies for SU(2) and SU(3). As a result, we obtain the general form of the decomposition for SU(N) gauge link variables and confirm the previous results obtained for SU(2) and SU(3)
Attitudes towards the use of computerized cognitive behavior therapy (cCBT) with children and adolescents: A survey among Swedish mental health professionals

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that computerized cognitive behavior therapy (cCBT), including internet-delivered CBT), can be effective. However, less is known about clinicians' attitudes towards this mode of treatment delivery. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of clinicians within child- and adolescent psychiatry towards cCBT and to explore if attitudes differed depending on rurality or theoretical orientation.MethodsA random sample of Swedish child- and adolescent mental health services was selected for a survey study (N=15). A total number of 156 surveys were collected.ResultsResults showed a generally low knowledge of cCBT. A majority of clinicians were positive to cCBT as a prevention program (73%), and as treatment for mild to moderate problems (75%). More caution was reported with regard to more severe mental health problems. Treatment orientation, but not rurality, had a significant effect on several ratings. Thematic analyses showed concerns regarding for example lack of human support and the restricted usefulness of cCBT regarding age and complexity of symptoms. Perceived advantages were for example increased availability and possibility of an alternative way of communication.ConclusionsThis study adds to the limited literature on attitudes towards cCBT. The emerging picture is of a mainly positive attitude and prerequisites for dissemination are promising
New clinical staging for pharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea patients

AbstractIntroductionThe success of pharyngeal surgery in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome depends on the appropriate selection of patients.ObjectiveTo propose a new staging for indication of pharyngeal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.MethodsA total of 54 patients undergoing extended tonsillectomy were retrospectively included, divided into six stages. Stage I: patients with palatine tonsils grade 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 1/2; stage II: palatine tonsils 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 3/4; stage III: palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 1/2; stage IV: palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 3/4; stage V: body mass index ≥40kg/m2 with palatine tonsils 3/4 and modified Mallampati index 1, 2, 3, or 4. Stage VI: body mass index ≥40 with palatine tonsils 1/2 and modified Mallampati index 1, 2, 3, or 4.ResultsThe surgical success rates were 88.9%, 75.0%, 35.7%, 38.5%, and 100.0% in stages I–V.ConclusionThe presence of hypertrophic palatine tonsils was the anatomical factor in common in the most successful stages (I, II, and V), regardless of body mass index. Although the modified Mallampati index classes 3 and 4 reduced the success rate of surgery in patients with hypertrophic tonsils (stage II), the presence of modified Mallampati index classes 1 and 2 did not favor surgical success in patients with normal tonsils (stage III)
Novel BPS Wilson loops in three-dimensional quiver Chern–Simons-matter theories

AbstractWe show that generic three-dimensional N=2 quiver super Chern–Simons-matter theories admit Bogomol'nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield (BPS) Drukker–Trancanelli (DT) type Wilson loops. We investigate both Wilson loops along timelike infinite straight lines in Minkowski spacetime and circular Wilson loops in Euclidean space. In Aharnoy–Bergman–Jafferis–Maldacena theory, we find that generic BPS DT type Wilson loops preserve the same number of supersymmetries as Gaiotto–Yin type Wilson loops. There are several free parameters for generic BPS DT type Wilson loops in the construction, and supersymmetry enhancement for Wilson loops happens for special values of the parameters
Moduli stabilization for intersecting brane worlds in type 0′ string theory

AbstractStarting from the non-supersymmetric, tachyon-free orientifold of type 0 string theory, we construct four-dimensional brane world models with D6-branes intersecting at angles on internal tori. They support phenomenologically interesting gauge theories with chiral fermions. Despite the theory being non-supersymmetric the perturbative scalar potential induced at leading order is shown to stabilize geometric moduli, leaving only the dilaton tadpole uncanceled. As an example we present a three generation model with gauge group and fermion spectrum close to a left–right symmetric extension of the Standard Model
Developing a Thermal Comfort Index for Vegetated Open Spaces in Cities of Arid Zones

AbstractThe degree of thermal comfort that people experience in open spaces is one of the determinants for use, especially in areas with extreme climates. It has a wide range of indices in the international literature. However, the study of five indices (THI, PE, TS, PMV and COMFA) regarding subjective responses presented low percentages of predictive successes in the city of study, characterized by an arid climate and intense urban vegetation. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop a new thermal comfort index to predict more accurately the thermal sensation of the local residents. For this, there were campaigns monitoring of microclimatic parameters and field surveys about the real sensation of the people on a pedestrian street of Mendoza Metropolitan Area (MMA) in both winter and summer. The proposed new model is established through the correlation of environmental variables and individual subjective responses. The multivariate correlation is performed by linear regression. The theory of Akaike's information is used as criterion to model selection. The new model IZA is a lineal relation of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation, generally all available weather variables. We found a high correlation between subjective responses and the new model. Besides the Pearson coefficient which gives the new index is higher than other traditional indices evaluated. The percentage of success of the new index exceeds 85%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. In conclusion, the use of IZA as a predictor of thermal comfort will allow a fair assessment of the effect of design and composition of space on your comfort conditions, without the need to carry out thermal perception surveys. This will facilitate the evaluation and decision-making regarding the thermal rehabilitation of open spaces
Disability and the Family in South Wales Coalfield Society, c.1920?1939

This article utilises the south Wales coalfield in the interwar period as a case study to illustrate the applicability of two sociological theories ? family systems theory and the social ecology of the family ? to impairment in the past. It demonstrates that a theoretically-informed approach can help to situate impairment in its particular contexts, most especially the family and the community, and give a better sense of the lived experience of disability. It also demonstrates the complexity of the experience of disability as the family and economic circumstances of each impaired individual varied and led to different forms of care-giving or the utilisation of different sources of support. The article also sheds further light on the ubiquity of disability as many families included a number of individuals with different impairments and this too had consequences for experiences and coping strategies.publishersversionPeer reviewe
On shape dependence of holographic mutual information in AdS4

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.2 (2015): 005 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)We study the holographic mutual information in AdS4 of disjoint spatial domains in the boundary which are delimited by smooth closed curves. A numerical method which approximates a local minimum of the area functional through triangulated surfaces is employed. After some checks of the method against existing analytic results for the holographic entanglement entropy, we compute the holographic mutual information of equal domains delimited by ellipses, superellipses or the boundaries of two dimensional spherocylinders, finding also the corresponding transition curves along which the holographic mutual information vanishesL.G. has been supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW). A.S. has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant FPA2012-32828, Consolider-CPAN (CSD2007-00042), the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme and the grant HEPHACOS-S2009/ESP1473 from the C.A. de Madrid. E.T. has been supported by the ERC under Starting Grant 279391 EDEQ