pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow of charged particles in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter describes the measurement of elliptic flow of charged particles in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results are based on an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb−1. Elliptic flow is measured over a wide region in pseudorapidity, |η|<2.5, and over a broad range in transverse momentum, 0.5<pT<20 GeV. The elliptic flow parameter v2 is obtained by correlating individual tracks with the event plane measured using energy deposited in the forward calorimeters. As a function of transverse momentum, v2(pT) reaches a maximum at pT of about 3 GeV, then decreases and becomes weakly dependent on pT above 7–8 GeV. Over the measured pseudorapidity region, v2 is found to be only weakly dependent on η, with less variation than observed at lower beam energies. The results are discussed in the context of previous measurements at lower collision energies, as well as recent results from the LHC
Quantifying the physical activity energy expenditure of commuters using a combination of global positioning system and combined heart rate and movement sensors

AbstractBackgroundActive commuting may help to increase adults' physical activity levels. However, estimates of its energy cost are derived from a small number of studies which are laboratory-based or use self-reported measures.MethodsAdults working in Cambridge (UK) recruited through a predominantly workplace-based strategy wore combined heart rate and movement sensors and global positioning system (GPS) devices for one week, and completed synchronous day-by-day travel diaries in 2010 and 2011. Commuting journeys were delineated using GPS data, and metabolic intensity (standard metabolic equivalents; MET) was derived and compared between journey types using mixed-effects linear regression.Results182 commuting journeys were included in the analysis. Median intensity was 1.28 MET for car journeys; 1.67 MET for bus journeys; 4.61 MET for walking journeys; 6.44 MET for cycling journeys; 1.78 MET for journeys made by car in combination with walking; and 2.21 MET for journeys made by car in combination with cycling. The value for journeys made solely by car was significantly lower than those for all other journey types (p<0.04). On average, 20% of the duration of journeys incorporating any active travel (equating to 8min) was spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated how GPS and activity data from a free-living sample can be used simultaneously to provide objective estimates of commuting energy expenditure. On average, incorporating walking or cycling into longer journeys provided over half the weekly recommended activity levels from the commute alone. This may be an efficient way of achieving physical activity guidelines and improving population health
A fully discrete BEM–FEM method for an exterior elasticity system in the plane

AbstractWe present a modified version of the usual BEM–FEM coupling for the exterior elasticity problem in the plane (cf. Costabel and Stephan, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 27 (1990) 1212–1226). This new formulation allows us to take advantage of techniques from Hsiao et al., Computing 25 (1980) 557–566 to compute the boundary integral terms using simple quadrature formulas. We provide error estimates for the Galerkin method and prove that the corresponding fully discrete scheme preserves the optimal rates of convergence
Characteristics of regional cerebral oxygen saturation levels in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with or without return of spontaneous circulation: A prospective observational multicentre study

AbstractAimOur study aimed at filling the fundamental knowledge gap on the characteristics of regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO2) levels in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with or without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) upon arrival at the hospital for estimating the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neurological prognostication in these patients.MethodsWe enrolled 1921 OHCA patients from the Japan – Prediction of Neurological Outcomes in Patients Post-cardiac Arrest Registry and measured their rSO2 immediately upon arrival at the hospital by near-infrared spectroscopy using two independent forehead probes (right and left). We also assessed the percentage of patients with a good neurological outcome (defined as cerebral performance categories 1 or 2) 90 days post cardiac arrest.ResultsAfter 90 days, 79 (4%) patients had good neurological outcomes and a median lower rSO2 level of 15% (15–20%). Compared to patients without ROSC upon arrival at the hospital, those with ROSC had significantly higher rSO2 levels (56% [39–65%] vs. 15% [15–17%], respectively; P<0.01), and significantly correlated right- and left-sided regional brain oxygen saturation levels (R=0.94 vs. 0.66, respectively). In both groups, the percentage of patients with a good 90-day neurological outcome increased significantly in proportion to their rSO2 levels upon arrival at the hospital (P<0.01).ConclusionOur data indicate that measuring rSO2 levels might be effective for both monitoring the quality of resuscitation and neurological prognostication in patients with OHCA
Vibrational relaxation as the driving force for wavelength conversion in the peridinin–chlorophyll a-protein

AbstractWe present a computationally derived energy transfer model for the peridinin–chlorophyll a-protein (PCP), which invokes vibrational relaxation in the two lowest singlet excited states rather than internal conversion between them. The model allows an understanding of the photoinduced processes without assuming further electronic states or a dependence of the 2Ag state character on the vibrational sub-state. We report molecular dynamics simulations (CHARMM22 force field) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations on PCP. In the latter, the QM region containing a single peridinin (Per) chromophore or a Per-Chl a (chlorophyll a) pair is treated by density functional theory (DFT, CAM-B3LYP) for geometries and by DFT-based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) for excitation energies.The calculations show that Per has a bright, green light absorbing 2Ag state, in addition to the blue light absorbing 1Bu state found in other carotenoids. Both states undergo a strong energy lowering upon relaxation, leading to emission in the red, while absorbing in the blue or green. The orientation of their transition dipole moments indicates that both states are capable of excited-state energy transfer to Chl a, without preference for either 1Bu or 2Ag as donor state. We propose that the commonly postulated partial intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character of a donating Per state can be assigned to the relaxed 1Bu state, which takes on ICT character. By assuming that both 1Bu and 2Ag are able to donate to the Chl a Q band, one can explain why different chlorophyll species in PCP exhibit different acceptor capabilities
Numerical solution of the space fractional Fokker–Planck equation

AbstractThe traditional second-order Fokker–Planck equation may not adequately describe the movement of solute in an aquifer because of large deviation from the dynamics of Brownian motion. Densities of α-stable type have been used to describe the probability distribution of these motions. The resulting governing equation of these motions is similar to the traditional Fokker–Planck equation except that the order α of the highest derivative is fractional.In this paper, a space fractional Fokker–Planck equation (SFFPE) with instantaneous source is considered. A numerical scheme for solving SFFPE is presented. Using the Riemann–Liouville and Grünwald–Letnikov definitions of fractional derivatives, the SFFPE is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE). Then the ODE system is solved by a method of lines. Numerical results for SFFPE with a constant diffusion coefficient are evaluated for comparison with the known analytical solution. The numerical approximation of SFFPE with a time-dependent diffusion coefficient is also used to simulate Lévy motion with α-stable densities. We will show that the numerical method of SFFPE is able to more accurately model these heavy-tailed motions
Situating disability. The recognition of “disabled workers” in France

AbstractThis article concerns the issues surrounding the “recognition of the quality of disabled workers” in France, from both applicants’ and decision-makers’ points of view. While the latter strive to make “disabled workers” into a sub-category of disabled persons, applicants’ positions are often more ambivalent. In speaking of their experience, many of them use the notion of “situation of disability”, a term quite common in current French debates about disability that was not retained in the French law of 2005: even if they are bothered by a functional difficulty in certain professional situations, many still do not think of themselves as disabled persons. To understand these differences, we propose returning to the foundations of French employment policy in favour of disabled persons and exploring the variety of issues that dominate claims to recognition, without forgetting the essential interface role played by professionals in the field of disability. Our analysis is based on a field study on both sides of the counter at Departmental houses of people with disabilities, with people working in the institutions and those requesting recognition of the quality of disabled worker
Five-dimensional PPN formalism and experimental test of Kaluza–Klein theory

AbstractThe parametrized post-Newtonian formalism for 5-dimensional metric theories with a compact extra dimension is developed. The relation of the 5-dimensional and 4-dimensional formulations is then analyzed, in order to compare the higher dimensional theories of gravity with experiments. It turns out that the value of post-Newtonian parameter γ in the reduced 5-dimensional Kaluza–Klein theory is two times smaller than that in 4-dimensional general relativity. The departure is due to the existence of an extra dimension in the Kaluza–Klein theory. Thus the confrontation between the reduced 4-dimensional formalism and Solar system experiments raises a severe challenge to the classical Kaluza–Klein theory
Effect of early intensive multifactorial therapy on 5-year cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes detected by screening (ADDITION-Europe): a cluster-randomised trial

SummaryBackgroundIntensive treatment of multiple cardiovascular risk factors can halve mortality among people with established type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of early multifactorial treatment after diagnosis by screening.MethodsIn a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, parallel-group trial done in Denmark, the Netherlands, and the UK, 343 general practices were randomly assigned screening of registered patients aged 40–69 years without known diabetes followed by routine care of diabetes or screening followed by intensive treatment of multiple risk factors. The primary endpoint was first cardiovascular event, including cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, revascularisation, and non-traumatic amputation within 5 years. Patients and staff assessing outcomes were unaware of the practice's study group assignment. Analysis was done by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00237549.FindingsPrimary endpoint data were available for 3055 (99·9%) of 3057 screen-detected patients. The mean age was 60·3 (SD 6·9) years and the mean duration of follow-up was 5·3 (SD 1·6) years. Improvements in cardiovascular risk factors (HbA1c and cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure) were slightly but significantly better in the intensive treatment group. The incidence of first cardiovascular event was 7·2% (13·5 per 1000 person-years) in the intensive treatment group and 8·5% (15·9 per 1000 person-years) in the routine care group (hazard ratio 0·83, 95% CI 0·65–1·05), and of all-cause mortality 6·2% (11·6 per 1000 person-years) and 6·7% (12·5 per 1000 person-years; 0·91, 0·69–1·21), respectively.InterpretationAn intervention to promote early intensive management of patients with type 2 diabetes was associated with a small, non-significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events and death.FundingNational Health Service Denmark, Danish Council for Strategic Research, Danish Research Foundation for General Practice, Danish Centre for Evaluation and Health Technology Assessment, Danish National Board of Health, Danish Medical Research Council, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, UK NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme, UK National Health Service R&D, UK National Institute for Health Research, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Novo Nordisk, Astra, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Servier, HemoCue, Merck
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function and Survival Depend on c-Myc and N-Myc Activity

SummaryMyc activity is emerging as a key element in acquisition and maintenance of stem cell properties. We have previously shown that c-Myc deficiency results in accumulation of defective hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) due to niche-dependent differentiation defects. Here we report that immature HSCs coexpress c-myc and N-myc mRNA at similar levels. Although conditional deletion of N-myc in the bone marrow does not affect hematopoiesis, combined deficiency of c-Myc and N-Myc (dKO) results in pancytopenia and rapid lethality. Interestingly, proliferation of HSCs depends on both myc genes during homeostasis, but is c-Myc/N-Myc independent during bone marrow repair after injury. Strikingly, while most dKO hematopoietic cells undergo apoptosis, only self-renewing HSCs accumulate the cytotoxic molecule GranzymeB, normally employed by the innate immune system, thereby revealing an unexpected mechanism of stem cell apoptosis. Collectively, Myc activity (c-Myc and N-Myc) controls crucial aspects of HSC function including proliferation, differentiation, and survival
Executive Function Assessment in Children with ASD through ENFEN: Guidance for Teachers

AbstractDuring the recent years there are an increasing number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the schools. Some studies have shown that IQ is a good indicator of their social behaviour, but it cannot give a total explanation. Other researches considered executive functions have an important role both in the social and cognitive deficits in children diagnosed with ASD. Ten children with ASD were assessed through ENFEN and WISC-IV at three schools into a competitive research (I+D+i 2010:19478). The aim is to evaluate the performance of ENFEN as a tool to determine these executive functions (planning, inhibition response, working memory and mental flexibility) more related to the diagnosis with ASD. The results suggest children with ASD show lower performance in executive function, mainly planning and mental flexibility. Besides, a relation between ENFEN, IQ and ADI-R exists whereby children with fewer difficulties in ENFEN performance get a higher IQ and simultaneously lower scores on the ADI-R. Some educational strategies for children with ASD were suggested in order to improve their executive functions in the classroom
Evidence for particle–hole excitations in the triaxial strongly-deformed well of 163Tm

AbstractTwo interacting, strongly-deformed triaxial (TSD) bands have been identified in the Z=69 nucleus 163Tm. This is the first time that interacting TSD bands have been observed in an element other than the Z=71 Lu nuclei, where wobbling bands have been previously identified. The observed TSD bands in 163Tm appear to be associated with particle–hole excitations, rather than wobbling. Tilted-axis cranking (TAC) calculations reproduce all experimental observables of these bands reasonably well and also provide an explanation for the presence of wobbling bands in the Lu nuclei, and their absence in the Tm isotopes
Irritability in pre-clinical Huntington's disease

AbstractIrritability, together with depression and anxiety, form three salient clinical features of pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD). To date, the understanding of irritability in HD suffers from a paucity of experimental data and is largely based on questionnaires or clinical anecdotes. Factor analysis suggests that irritability is related to impulsivity and aggression and is likely to engage the same neuronal circuits as these behaviours, including areas such as medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala.16 pre-symptomatic gene carriers (PSCs) and 15 of their companions were asked to indicate the larger of two squares consecutively shown on a screen while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Despite correct identification of the larger square, participants were often told that they or their partner had given the wrong answer. Size differences were subtle to make negative feedback credible but detectable.Although task performance, baseline irritability, and reported task-induced irritation were the same for both groups, fMRI revealed distinct neuronal processing in those who will later develop HD. In controls but not PSCs, task-induced irritation correlated positively with amygdala activation and negatively with OFC activation. Repetitive negative feedback induced greater amygdala activations in controls than PSCs. In addition, the inverse functional coupling between amygdala and OFC was significantly weaker in PSCs compared to controls.Our results argue that normal emotion processing circuits are disrupted in PSCs via attenuated modulation of emotional status by external or internal indicators. At later stages, this dysfunction may increase the risk for developing recognised, HD-associated, psychiatric symptoms such as irritability
The agreement between proxy and self-completed EQ-5D for care home residents was better for index scores than individual domains

AbstractObjectiveProxy measures are an alternative source of data for care home residents who are unable to complete the health utility measure, but the agreement levels between residents and care home staff for the EQ-5D have not been investigated previously. The objective of the present study was to examine the inter-rater agreement levels for the reporting of EQ-5D by care home residents and staff, adjusting for the impact of clustering.Study Design and SettingThe data consist of EQ-5D scores for 565 pairs of care home residents and proxies and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for 248 pairs. Cluster-adjusted agreement was compared for the domains, index scores, and QALYs from the EQ-5D. Factors influencing index score agreement are also described.ResultsThe results show poor to fair agreement at the domain level (cluster-adjusted Kappa −0.03 to 0.26) and moderate agreement at the score level (cluster-adjusted intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.44–0.50) and for QALYs (cluster-adjusted ICC 0.59). A higher likelihood of depression and lower cognitive impairment were both associated with smaller discrepancy between proxy and self-completed scores.ConclusionProxies appear to be an acceptable source of data for index scores and QALYs but may be less reliable if individual domains are considered
Estimation of generalized linear latent variable models via fully exponential Laplace approximation

AbstractLatent variable models represent a useful tool in different fields of research in which the constructs of interest are not directly observable. In such models, problems related to the integration of the likelihood function can arise since analytical solutions do not exist. Numerical approximations, like the widely used Gauss–Hermite (GH) quadrature, are generally applied to solve these problems. However, GH becomes unfeasible as the number of latent variables increases. Thus, alternative solutions have to be found. In this paper, we propose an extended version of the Laplace method for approximating the integrals, known as fully exponential Laplace approximation. It is computational feasible also in presence of many latent variables, and it is more accurate than the classical Laplace approximation. The method is developed within the Generalized Linear Latent Variable Models (GLLVM) framework
What women want: Exploring pregnant women’s preferences for alternative models of maternity care

AbstractDepending on obstetric risk, maternity care may be provided in one of two locations at hospital level: a consultant-led unit (CLU) or a midwifery-led unit (MLU). Care in a MLU is sparsely provided in Ireland, comprising as few as two units out of a total 21 maternity units. Given its potential for greater efficiencies of care and cost-savings for the state, there has been an increased interest to expand MLUs in Ireland. Yet, very little is known about women’s preferences for midwifery-led care, and whether they would utilise this service when presented with the choice of delivering in a CLU or MLU. This study seeks to involve women in the future planning of maternity care by investigating their preferences for care and subsequent motivations when choosing place of birth. Qualitative research is undertaken to explore maternal preferences for these different models of care. Women only revealed a preference for the MLU when co-located with a CLU due to its close proximity to medical services. However, the results suggest women do not have a clear preference for either model of care, but rather a hybrid model of care which encompasses features of both consultant- and midwifery-led care
Use of High-Sensitivity Troponin T to Identify Patients With Acute Heart Failure at Lower Risk for Adverse Outcomes An Exploratory Analysis From the RELAX-AHF Trial

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if a baseline high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) value ≤99th percentile upper reference limit (0.014 μg/l [“low hsTnT”]) identifies patients at low risk for adverse outcomes.BackgroundApproximately 85% of patients who present to emergency departments with acute heart failure are admitted. Identification of patients at low risk might decrease unnecessary admissions.MethodsA post-hoc analysis was conducted from the RELAX-AHF (Serelaxin, Recombinant Human Relaxin-2, for Treatment of Acute Heart Failure) trial, which randomized patients within 16 h of presentation who had systolic blood pressure >125 mm Hg, mild to moderate renal impairment, and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide ≥1,600 ng/l to serelaxin versus placebo. Linear regression models for continuous endpoints and Cox models for time-to-event endpoints were used.ResultsOf the 1,076 patients with available baseline hsTnT values, 107 (9.9%) had low hsTnT. No cardiovascular (CV) deaths through day 180 were observed in the low-hsTnT group compared with 79 CV deaths (7.3%) in patients with higher hsTnT. By univariate analyses, low hsTnT was associated with lower risk for all 5 primary outcomes: 1) days alive and out of the hospital by day 60; 2) CV death or rehospitalization for heart failure or renal failure by day 60; 3) length of stay; 4) worsening heart failure through day 5; and 5) CV death through day 180. After multivariate adjustment, only 180-day CV mortality remained significant (hazard ratio: 0.0; 95% confidence interval: 0.0 to 0.736; p = 0.0234; C-index = 0.838 [95% confidence interval: 0.798 to 0.878]).ConclusionsNo CV deaths through day 180 were observed in patients with hsTnT levels ≤0.014 μg/l despite high N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide levels. Low baseline hsTnT may identify patients with acute heart failure at very low risk for CV mortality