pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Serum C-reactive protein in adolescence and risk of schizophrenia in adulthood: A prospective birth cohort study

AbstractObjectiveMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies confirm an increase in circulating inflammatory markers during acute psychosis. Longitudinal studies are scarce but are needed to understand whether elevated inflammatory markers are a cause or consequence of illness. We report a longitudinal study of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescence and subsequent risk of schizophrenia and related psychoses in adulthood in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986.MethodSerum high-sensitivity CRP was measured at age 15/16 years in 6362 participants. ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and related psychoses were obtained from centralised hospital inpatient and outpatient registers up to age 27 years. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (ORs) for psychotic outcomes associated with baseline CRP levels analysed as both continuous and categorical variables using American Heart Association criteria. Age, sex, body mass index, maternal education, smoking, and alcohol use were included as potential confounders.ResultsBy age 27years, 88 cases of non-affective psychosis (1.38%), of which 22 were schizophrenia (0.35%), were identified. Adolescent CRP was associated with subsequent schizophrenia. The adjusted OR for schizophrenia by age 27yearsfor each standard deviation (SD) increase in CRP levels at age 15/16yearswas 1.25 (95% CI, 1.07–1.46), which was consistent with a linear, dose-response relationship (P-value for quadratic term 0.23). Using CRP as a categorical variable, those with high (>3mg/L) compared with low (<1mg/L) CRP levels at baseline were more likely to develop schizophrenia; adjusted OR 4.25 (95% CI, 1.30–13.93). There was some indication that higher CRP was associated with earlier onset of schizophrenia (rs=−0.40; P=0.07).ConclusionsA longitudinal association between adolescent CRP levels and adult schizophrenia diagnosis indicates a potentially important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of the illness, although the findings, based on a small number of cases, need to be interpreted with caution and require replication in other samples
The problem of sharp notch in couple-stress elasticity

AbstractThe problem of sharp notch in couple-stress elasticity is considered in this paper. The problem involves a sharp notch in a body of infinite extent. The body has microstructural properties, which are assumed to be characterized by couple-stress effects. Both symmetric and anti-symmetric loadings at remote regions are considered under plane-strain conditions. The faces of the notch are considered traction free. To determine the field around the tip of the notch, a boundary-layer approach is followed by considering an expansion of the displacements in a form of separated variables in a polar coordinate system. Our analysis is in the spirit of the Knein–Williams and Karp–Karal asymptotic techniques but it is much more involved than its corresponding analysis of standard elasticity due to the complicated boundary value problem (higher-order system of governing PDEs and additional boundary conditions as compared to the standard theory). Eventually, an eigenvalue problem is formulated and this, along with the restriction of a bounded potential energy, provides the asymptotic fields. The cases of a crack and a half-space are analyzed as limit cases of the general notch problem. Certain deviations from the standard classical elasticity results are noted
Lipidomic Analyses, Breast- and Formula-Feeding, and Growth in Infants

ObjectiveTo evaluate lipidomic differences between breast- and formula-fed infants.Study designWe utilized high-resolution mass-spectrometry methods to analyze 3.2 mm dried blood spot samples collected at ages 3 months (n = 241) and 12 months (n = 144) from a representative birth cohort study. Lipidomic profiles were compared between infants exclusively breast-fed, formula-fed, or mixed-fed, and related to 12-month infancy weight. Data analysis included supervised multivariate statistics (partial least squares discriminant analysis), and univariate analysis with correction for multiple testing.ResultsDistinct differences in 3-month lipidomic profiles were observed between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants; mixed-fed infants showed intermediate profiles. Principle lipidomic characteristics of breast-fed infants were lower total phosphatidylcholines (PCs), with specifically lower short chain unsaturated PC but higher long chain polyunsaturated PC; higher cholesterol esters; and variable differences in sphingomyelins. At 12 months, lipidomic profiles were markedly different to those at 3 months, and differences between the earlier breast/formula/mixed-feeding groups were no longer evident. However, several specific lipid species, associated with breast-feeding at 3 months, also correlated with differences in 3- to 12-month weight.ConclusionsState-of-the-art dried blood spot sample lipidomic profiling demonstrated striking differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Although these changes diminished with age, breast-fed lipidomic profiles at 3 months were associated with infancy weight and could potentially represent biomarkers of infant nutrition
Targeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT Study

AbstractBackgroundMen with germline breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) or breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) gene mutations have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) than noncarriers. IMPACT (Identification of Men with a genetic predisposition to ProstAte Cancer: Targeted screening in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and controls) is an international consortium of 62 centres in 20 countries evaluating the use of targeted PCa screening in men with BRCA1/2 mutations.ObjectiveTo report the first year's screening results for all men at enrolment in the study.Design, setting and participantsWe recruited men aged 40–69 yr with germline BRCA1/2 mutations and a control group of men who have tested negative for a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation known to be present in their families. All men underwent prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing at enrolment, and those men with PSA >3 ng/ml were offered prostate biopsy.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisPSA levels, PCa incidence, and tumour characteristics were evaluated. The Fisher exact test was used to compare the number of PCa cases among groups and the differences among disease types.Results and limitationsWe recruited 2481 men (791 BRCA1 carriers, 531 BRCA1 controls; 731 BRCA2 carriers, 428 BRCA2 controls). A total of 199 men (8%) presented with PSA >3.0 ng/ml, 162 biopsies were performed, and 59 PCas were diagnosed (18 BRCA1 carriers, 10 BRCA1 controls; 24 BRCA2 carriers, 7 BRCA2 controls); 66% of the tumours were classified as intermediate- or high-risk disease. The positive predictive value (PPV) for biopsy using a PSA threshold of 3.0 ng/ml in BRCA2 mutation carriers was 48%—double the PPV reported in population screening studies. A significant difference in detecting intermediate- or high-risk disease was observed in BRCA2 carriers. Ninety-five percent of the men were white, thus the results cannot be generalised to all ethnic groups.ConclusionsThe IMPACT screening network will be useful for targeted PCa screening studies in men with germline genetic risk variants as they are discovered. These preliminary results support the use of targeted PSA screening based on BRCA genotype and show that this screening yields a high proportion of aggressive disease.Patient summaryIn this report, we demonstrate that germline genetic markers can be used to identify men at higher risk of prostate cancer. Targeting screening at these men resulted in the identification of tumours that were more likely to require treatment
(Pseudo-)Goldstone boson interaction in D=2+1 systems with a spontaneously broken internal rotation symmetry

AbstractThe low-temperature properties of systems characterized by a spontaneously broken internal rotation symmetry, O(N)→O(N−1), are governed by Goldstone bosons and can be derived systematically within effective Lagrangian field theory. In the present study we consider systems living in two spatial dimensions, and evaluate their partition function at low temperatures and weak external fields up to three-loop order. Although our results are valid for any such system, here we use magnetic terminology, i.e., we refer to quantum spin systems. We discuss the sign of the (pseudo-)Goldstone boson interaction in the pressure, staggered magnetization, and susceptibility as a function of an external staggered field for general N. As it turns out, the d=2+1 quantum XY model (N=2) and the d=2+1 Heisenberg antiferromagnet (N=3), are rather special, as they represent the only cases where the spin-wave interaction in the pressure is repulsive in the whole parameter regime where the effective expansion applies. Remarkably, the d=2+1 XY model is the only system where the interaction contribution in the staggered magnetization (susceptibility) tends to positive (negative) values at low temperatures and weak external field
Measurement of the Dalitz plot slope parameters for K−→π0π0π− decay using ISTRA+ detector

AbstractThe Dalitz plot slope parameters g, h and k for the K−→π0π0π− decay have been measured using in-flight decays detected with the ISTRA+ setup operating in the 25 GeV negative secondary beam of the U-70 PS. About 252 K events with four-momenta measured for the π− and four involved photons were used for the analysis. The values obtained g=0.627±0.004(stat)±0.010(syst), h=0.046±0.004(stat)±0.012(syst), k=0.001±0.001(stat)±0.002(syst) are consistent with the world averages dominated by K+ data, but have significantly smaller errors
A Genetic Screen Identifies Hypothalamic Fgf15 as a Regulator of Glucagon Secretion

SummaryThe counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia, which restores normal blood glucose levels to ensure sufficient provision of glucose to the brain, is critical for survival. To discover underlying brain regulatory systems, we performed a genetic screen in recombinant inbred mice for quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling glucagon secretion in response to neuroglucopenia. We identified a QTL on the distal part of chromosome 7 and combined this genetic information with transcriptomic analysis of hypothalami. This revealed Fgf15 as the strongest candidate to control the glucagon response. Fgf15 was expressed by neurons of the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the perifornical area. Intracerebroventricular injection of FGF19, the human ortholog of Fgf15, reduced activation by neuroglucopenia of dorsal vagal complex neurons, of the parasympathetic nerve, and lowered glucagon secretion. In contrast, silencing Fgf15 in the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased neuroglucopenia-induced glucagon secretion. These data identify hypothalamic Fgf15 as a regulator of glucagon secretion
The Δ(27) flavor 3-3-1 model with neutral leptons

AbstractWe build the first 3-3-1 model based on the Δ(27) discrete group symmetry, consistent with fermion masses and mixings. In the model under consideration, the neutrino masses are generated from a combination of type-I and type-II seesaw mechanisms mediated by three heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos and three SU(3)L scalar antisextets, respectively. Furthermore, from the consistency of the leptonic mixing angles with their experimental values, we obtain a non-vanishing leptonic Dirac CP violating phase of −π2. Our model features an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of neutrinoless double beta decay, with values mββ= 10 and 18 meV for the normal and the inverted neutrino mass hierarchies, respectively
Vacuum structure in 5D SO(10) GUT on S1/Z2

AbstractWe study the vacuum structure in 5D SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT) compactified on S1/Z2 orbifold, where SO(10) is broken into SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1)2 through the boundary conditions. Although a lot of people extended to 6D to avoid massless colored particle, we can show they obtain finite masses by the radiative corrections. In a supersymmetric case, the fermionic partner of the zero-mode can also acquire non-vanishing mass through the SUSY breaking effects, and the gauge coupling unification can be recovered by use of brane localized kinetic terms
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 and 19 expression is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms

ObjectiveIt is hypothesized that an altered turnover of extracellular matrix mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is present in thoracic aortic aneurysms. Here, we analyzed the occurrence of MMPs and MMP inhibitors in ascending aortic aneurysms in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves.MethodsExpression of 23 MMPs and their inhibitors was measured in aortic intima/media and adventitia in 109 patients (40 tricuspid, 69 bicuspid, 68 with aortic diameter ≥ 4.5 cm, and 41 with ≤ 4.0 cm) using Affymetrix Exon arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, Calif). Gene expression was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Principal components analysis was used to study differences in gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to study protein expression.ResultsWe detected messenger RNA expression for gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), stromelysin 3 (MMP11), all membrane bound MMPs (MMP14, MMP15, MMP16, MMP17, MMP24, MMP25), MMP19, MMP21, and MMP28 in ascending aorta. No expression of collagenases was detected. Principal components analysis showed that changes in mRNA expression between dilated and nondilated aorta were mainly detected in patients with tricuspid aortic valves. MMP14 and MMP19 showed higher expression in dilated aortas and MMP19 expression correlated positively to maximal aortic diameter in patients with tricuspid aortic valves (Rho = 0.61, P = .004, and Rho = 0.57, P = .008, using raw and body surface area–corrected aortic diameter, respectively). Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated increased medial expression of MMP14 and MMP19 in dilated aorta.ConclusionsThe present study identifies MMP14 and MMP19 as proteolytic enzymes potentially involved in aneurysm formation in the ascending aorta of patients with tricuspid aortic valves
Measurement of the D± production asymmetry in 7 TeV pp collisions

AbstractThe asymmetry in the production cross-section σ of D± mesons,AP=σ(D+)−σ(D−)σ(D+)+σ(D−), is measured in bins of pseudorapidity η and transverse momentum pT within the acceptance of the LHCb detector. The result is obtained with a sample of D+→KS0π+ decays corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. When integrated over the kinematic range 2.0<pT<18.0 GeV/c and 2.20<η<4.75, the production asymmetry is AP=(−0.96±0.26±0.18)%. The uncertainties quoted are statistical and systematic, respectively. The result assumes that any direct CP violation in the D+→KS0π+ decay is negligible. No significant dependence on η or pT is observed
Two benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene predominate in Haemonchus contortus populations from eight regions in China

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is one of the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The control of haemonchosis relies mainly on anthelmintics, but the excessive and prolonged use of anthelmintics is causing serious drug resistance issues in many countries. As benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics have been broadly used in China, we hypothesized that resistance is widespread. Given the link between three known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, designated F167Y, E198A and F200Y) in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene and BZ resistance, our goal here was to explore the presence of these mutations in H. contortus from small ruminants (sheep and goats) from eight provinces in China using PCR-coupled sequencing. In addition, the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of isotype-1 β-tubulin sequence haplotypes were also investigated. Among 192 H. contortus adult individuals representing the eight populations, we identified six distinct sequence types, five of which had SNP E198A (GCA) and/or F200Y (TAC). Sequence analysis showed that the frequencies of SNPs E198A and F200Y were 0–70% and 0–31%, respectively. SNP F167Y (TAC) was not detected in any population. In addition, high haplotype diversities (0.455–0.939) and nucleotide diversities (0.018–0.039) were calculated. A network analysis of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene sequences showed that SNPs E198A and F200Y occurred in multiple distinct groupings, suggesting multiple independent origins of these SNPs. The findings of this first study of SNPs in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene of H. contortus populations suggest that BZ resistance is prevalent in some regions of China, and that any control strategy might focus on monitoring BZ resistance in this country
Computing diagonal form and Jacobson normal form of a matrix using Gröbner bases

AbstractIn this paper we present an algorithm for the computation of a diagonal form of a matrix over non-commutative Euclidean domain over a field with the help of Gröbner bases. We propose a general framework of Ore localizations of non-commutative G-algebras and show its merits and constructiveness. It allows us to handle, among others, common operator algebras with rational coefficients.We introduce the splitting of the computation of a normal form (like the Jacobson form over simple domain) for matrices over Ore localizations into the diagonalization (the computation of a diagonal form of a matrix) and the normalization (the computation of the normal form of a diagonal matrix). These ideas are also used for the computation of the Smith normal form in the commutative case. We give a special algorithm for the normalization of a diagonal matrix over the rational Weyl algebra and present counterexamples to its idea over rational shift and q-Weyl algebras.Our implementation of the algorithm in Singular:Plural relies on the fraction-free polynomial strategy, details of which will be described in the forthcoming article. It shows quite an impressive performance, compared with methods which directly use fractions. In particular, we experience quite a moderate swell of coefficients and obtain uncomplicated transformation matrices. We leave questions on the algorithmic complexity of this algorithm open, but we stress the practical applicability of the proposed method to a large class of non-commutative algebras
Mice carrying a complete deletion of the talin2 coding sequence are viable and fertile

AbstractMice homozygous for several Tln2 gene targeted alleles are viable and fertile. Here we show that although the expression of talin2 protein is drastically reduced in muscle from these mice, other tissues continue to express talin2 albeit at reduced levels. We therefore generated a Tln2 allele lacking the entire coding sequence (Tln2cd). Tln2cd/cd mice were viable and fertile, and the genotypes of Tln2cd/+ intercrosses were at the expected Mendelian ratio. Tln2cd/cd mice showed no major difference in body mass or the weight of the major organs compared to wild-type, although they displayed a mildly dystrophic phenotype. Moreover, Tln2cd/cd mouse embryo fibroblasts showed no obvious defects in cell adhesion, migration or proliferation. However, the number of Tln2cd/cd pups surviving to adulthood was variable suggesting that such mice have an underlying defect
Genome-wide RNA profiling of long-lasting stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells induced by Yellow Fever vaccination in humans

AbstractThe live-attenuated Yellow Fever (YF) vaccine YF-17D induces a broad and polyfunctional CD8 T cell response in humans. Recently, we identified a population of stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells induced by YF-17D that persists at stable frequency for at least 25years after vaccination. The YF-17D is thus a model system of human CD8 T cell biology that furthermore allows to track and study long-lasting and antigen-specific human memory CD8 T cells. Here, we describe in detail the sample characteristics and preparation of a microarray dataset acquired for genome-wide gene expression profiling of long-lasting YF-specific stem cell-like memory CD8 T cells, compared to the reference CD8 T cell differentiation subsets from total CD8 T cells. We also describe the quality controls, annotations and exploratory analyses of the dataset. The microarray data is available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public repository with accession number GSE65804
Analyzing networks in industrial ecology – a review of Social-Material Network Analyses

AbstractThis review concerns the methodological challenges that industrial ecology faces in integrating natural and social sciences. Network analysis can be seen as the most promising method to mediate between industrial ecology's overall systems approach and the complex structures found in society. It is a well established method across scientific disciplines, including the social sciences. It has been successfully applied in industrial ecology, in which localized phenomena of industrial symbiosis have been a key focus, and where metrics from both the social and natural sciences are used to understand socio-metabolic structures. In this paper we classify such studies as Social-Material Network Analyses and we discuss the body of work, drawing on network analyses from various disciplines. A challenge is the hierarchical nature of industrial networks and how it can be addressed socially. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of metric-driven network analysis and offer a review of methodological options for Social-Material Network Analyses
Linear maps on kI, and homomorphic images of infinite direct product algebras

AbstractLet k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V a k-vector-space, and g : kI → V a k-linear map. It is shown that if dimk(V) is not too large (under various hypotheses on card(k) and card(I), if it is finite, respectively less than card(k), respectively less than the continuum), then ker(g) must contain elements (ui)i∈I with all but finitely many components ui nonzero.These results are used to prove that every homomorphism from a direct product ∏IAi of not-necessarily-associative algebras Ai onto an algebra B, where dimk(B) is not too large (in the same senses) is the sum of a map factoring through the projection of ∏IAi onto the product of finitely many of the Ai, and a map into the ideal {b∈B|bB=Bb={0}}⊆B.Detailed consequences are noted in the case where the Ai are Lie algebras.A version of the above result is also obtained with the field k replaced by a commutative valuation ring