pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for electroweak production of charginos and neutralinos in
  multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the direct electroweak production of
charginos and neutralinos in signatures with either two or more leptons
(electrons or muons) of the same electric charge, or with three or more
leptons, which can include up to two hadronically decaying tau leptons. The
results are based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at
$\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding
to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed event yields are
consistent with the expectations based on the standard model. The results are
interpreted in simplified models of supersymmetry describing various scenarios
for the production and decay of charginos and neutralinos. Depending on the
model parameters chosen, mass values between 180 GeV and 1150 GeV are excluded
at 95% CL. These results significantly extend the parameter space probed for
these particles in searches at the LHC. In addition, results are presented in a
form suitable for alternative theoretical interpretations.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary
  figures and tables, can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-16-039
  (CMS Public Pages
Rate of escape and central limit theorem for the supercritical Lamperti problem.

The study of discrete-time stochastic processes on the half-line with mean drift at x given by μ1(x)→0 as x→∞ is known as Lamperti’s problem. We give sharp almost-sure bounds for processes of this type in the case where μ1(x) is of order x−β for some β∈(0,1). The bounds are of order t1/(1+β), so the process is super-diffusive but sub-ballistic (has zero speed). We make minimal assumptions on the moments of the increments of the process (finiteness of (2+2β+ε)-moments for our main results, so fourth moments certainly suffice) and do not assume that the process is time-homogeneous or Markovian. In the case where xβμ1(x) has a finite positive limit, our results imply a strong law of large numbers, which strengthens and generalizes earlier results of Lamperti and Voit. We prove an accompanying central limit theorem, which appears to be new even in the case of a nearest-neighbour random walk, although our result is considerably more general. This answers a question of Lamperti. We also prove transience of the process under weaker conditions than those that we have previously seen in the literature. Most of our results also cover the case where β=0. We illustrate our results with applications to birth-and-death chains and to multi-dimensional non-homogeneous random walks
Trajectories and predictors of state and trait anxiety in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast and colorectal cancer : Results from a longitudinal study

PURPOSE: To examine the trajectories and predictors of state and trait anxiety in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast or colorectal cancer. METHODS: Secondary analysis of data collected as part of a large multi-site longitudinal study. Patients with breast or colorectal cancer completed validated scales assessing their state and trait anxiety levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and symptom burden (Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) at the beginning of each chemotherapy cycle. Longitudinal mixed model analyses were performed to test changes of trait and state anxiety over time and the predictive value of symptom burden and patients' demographic (age, gender) and clinical characteristics (cancer type, stage, comorbidities, ECOG performance status). RESULTS: Data from 137 patients with breast (60%) or colorectal cancer (40%) were analysed. Linear time effects were found for both state (χ(2) = 46.3 [df = 3]; p < 0.001) and trait anxiety (χ(2) = 17.708 [df = 3]; p = 0.001), with anxiety levels being higher at baseline and gradually decreasing over the course of chemotherapy. Symptom burden (β = 0.21; SD = 0.06; p = 0.001) predicted state anxiety throughout treatment, but this effect disappeared when accounting for trait anxiety scores before the start of chemotherapy (β = 0.85; SD = 0.05; p < 0.001). Patients' baseline trait anxiety was the only significant predictor of anxiety throughout treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the generally stable characteristic of trait anxiety indicate the profoundly life-altering nature of chemotherapy. The time point before the start of chemotherapy was identified as the most anxiety-provoking, calling for interventions to be delivered as early as possible in the treatment trajectory. Patients with high trait anxiety and symptom burden may benefit from additional support
Effect of degumming on tussah silk fibre

Silk fibre is well recognized as an outstanding material for bio-medical engineering application because of its superior mechanical and bioresorbable properties. However, when producing silk fibre reinforced polymer composites, hydrophilic sericin has been found to cause poor interfacial bonding with polymer. Besides, sericin on the fibre surface is a major cause of adverse problems with biocompatibility and hypersensitivity to silk for implant application. Therefore, certain treatment should be proposed for sericin removal. Degumming is a surface modification process which allows for a wide control of the silk fibre’s properties, making silk possible to be used for the development and production of novel bio-composites. In this paper, a cleaner and environmental friendly surface modification technique of tussah silk was under investigated. The effectiveness of parameters of degumming on tussah silk such as surface purity, degumming time and temperature is discussed. The evaluation of the data was carried out through the measurement of the tensile properties and surface morphology of the samples. The findings of this research provide an environmental friendly degumming method which is one of the most important steps on preparation of silk fibre reinforced composite.
Skeletal muscle fiber-type switching, exercise intolerance, and myopathy in PGC-1alpha muscle-specific knock-out animals.

The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a key integrator of neuromuscular activity in skeletal muscle. Ectopic expression of PGC-1alpha in muscle results in increased mitochondrial number and function as well as an increase in oxidative, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers. Whole body PGC-1alpha knock-out mice have a very complex phenotype but do not have a marked skeletal muscle phenotype. We thus analyzed skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1alpha knock-out mice to identify a specific role for PGC-1alpha in skeletal muscle function. These mice exhibit a shift from oxidative type I and IIa toward type IIx and IIb muscle fibers. Moreover, skeletal muscle-specific PGC-1alpha knock-out animals have reduced endurance capacity and exhibit fiber damage and elevated markers of inflammation following treadmill running. Our data demonstrate a critical role for PGC-1alpha in maintenance of normal fiber type composition and of muscle fiber integrity following exertion
International factor mobility, informal interest rate and capital market imperfection: a general equilibrium analysis

This paper makes a pioneering attempt to provide a theory of determination of interest rate in the informal credit market in a small open economy in terms of a three-sector general equilibrium model. There are two informal sectors which obtain production loans from a monopolistic moneylender and employ labour from the informal labour market. On the other hand, the formal sector employs labour at an institutionally fixed wage rate and takes loans from the competitive formal credit market. We show that an inflow of foreign capital and/or an emigration of labour raises (lowers) the informal (formal) interest rate while lowers the competitive wage rate in the informal labour market when the informal manufacturing sector is more capital-intensive vis-à-vis the agricultural informal sector. International factor mobility, therefore, increases the degrees of distortions in both the factor markets in this case.
Topological charge evolution in the Markov chain of QCD

Copyright © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. Submitted to Cornell University’s online archive www.arXiv.org in 2004 by Jianbo Zhang. Post-print sourced from www.arxiv.org.The topological charge is studied on lattices of large physical volume and fine lattice spacing. We illustrate how a parity transformation on the SU(3) link-variables of lattice gauge configurations reverses the sign of the topological charge and leaves the action invariant. Random applications of the parity transformation are proposed to traverse from one topological charge sign to the other. The transformation provides an improved unbiased estimator of the ensemble average and is essential in improving the ergodicity of the Markov chain process.Derek B. Leinweber, Anthony G. Williams, Jian-Bo Zhang and Frank X. Leehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505706/description#descriptio
A new construction of Calabi-Yau manifolds: Generalized CICYs

We present a generalization of the complete intersection in products of projective space (CICY) construction of Calabi-Yau manifolds. CICY three-folds and four-folds have been studied extensively in the physics literature. Their utility stems from the fact that they can be simply described in terms of a 'configuration matrix', a matrix of integers from which many of the details of the geometries can be easily extracted. The generalization we present is to allow negative integers in the configuration matrices which were previously taken to have positive semi-definite entries. This broadening of the complete intersection construction leads to a larger class of Calabi Yau manifolds than that considered in previous work, which nevertheless enjoys much of the same degree of calculational control. These new Calabi Yau manifolds are complete intersections in (not necessarily Fano) ambient spaces with an effective anticanonical class. We find examples with topology distinct from any that has appeared in the literature to date. The new manifolds thus obtained have many interesting features. For example, they can have smaller Hodge numbers than ordinary CICYs and lead to many examples with elliptic and K3-fibration structures relevant to F-theory and string dualities. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V
Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the $H\rightarrow
  ZZ^{*} \rightarrow 4\ell$ decay channel at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS
  detector

The coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton
decay channel using 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data from the LHC at a
centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections
are measured for the four key production modes in several exclusive regions of
the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling
modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for $H \rightarrow
ZZ^*$ decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be
$1.73^{+0.24}_{-0.23}$(stat.)$^{+0.10}_{-0.08}$(exp.)$\pm 0.04$(th.) pb
compared to the Standard Model prediction of $1.34\pm0.09$ pb. In addition, the
tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective
Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard
Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd
couplings to $Z$ bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons.Comment: 59 pages in total, author list starting page 43, 10 figures, 11
  tables, v2 corresponds to published version with two new references ([14] and
  [15]) added. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2016-22
Drift-dependent changes in iceberg size-frequency distributions

Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14863-2Although the size-frequency distributions of icebergs can provide insight into how they disintegrate, our understanding of this process is incomplete. Fundamentally, there is a discrepancy between iceberg power-law size-frequency distributions observed at glacial calving fronts and lognormal size-frequency distributions observed globally within open waters that remains unexplained. Here we use passive seismic monitoring to examine mechanisms of iceberg disintegration as a function of drift. Our results indicate that the shift in the size-frequency distribution of iceberg sizes observed is a product of fracture-driven iceberg disintegration and dimensional reductions through melting. We suggest that changes in the characteristic size-frequency scaling of icebergs can be explained by the emergence of a dominant set of driving processes of iceberg degradation towards the open ocean. Consequently, the size-frequency distribution required to model iceberg distributions accurately must vary according to distance from the calving front.The study was supported by Polish National Science Centre grant no. 2011/01/B/ST10/01553. Seismic equipment was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council Geophysical Equipment Facility, SEIS-UK (loan number 984). The modelled tide data for Ilulissat was kindly provided by Palle Bo Nielsen at the Danish Meteorological Institute. Logistical support was provided by Arctic Station, Qeqertarsuaq. Thanks go to Antony Long and Nick Cox for inspiring the ideas that underpin this work. M.C.S. is supported by NCN FUGA Fellowship (2013/08/S/ST10/00585).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Tensile Strength of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Nucleus Material from
  Overhangs

We directly measure twenty overhanging cliffs on the surface of comet
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko extracted from the latest shape model and estimate
the minimum tensile strengths needed to support them against collapse under the
comet's gravity. We find extremely low strengths of around one Pa or less (one
to five Pa, when scaled to a metre length). The presence of eroded material at
the base of most overhangs, as well as the observed collapse of two features
and implied previous collapse of another, suggests that they are prone to
failure and that true material strengths are close to these lower limits
(although we only consider static stresses and not dynamic stress from, for
example, cometary activity). Thus, a tensile strength of a few pascals is a
good approximation for the tensile strength of 67P's nucleus material, which is
in agreement with previous work. We find no particular trends in overhang
properties with size, over the $\sim10-100$ m range studied here, or location
on the nucleus. There are no obvious differences, in terms of strength, height
or evidence of collapse, between the populations of overhangs on the two
cometary lobes, suggesting that 67P is relatively homogenous in terms of
tensile strength. Low material strengths are supportive of cometary formation
as a primordial rubble pile or by collisional fragmentation of a small (tens of
km) body.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Structural diagnosis of a concrete dam with cracking and high nonrecoverable displacements

This material may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the American Society of Civil Engineers. This material may be found at https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29CF.1943-5509.0000869.Expansions in concrete dams may be caused by chemical or physical sources; however, in certain occasions the evidences observed in the dam may not be attributed to a single cause. Mequinenza is an example of a concrete dam affected by expansions and high nonrecoverable displacements that cannot be explained by the most frequent pathologies. This paper presents new hypotheses that could justify such behavior by assuming the superposition of a global phenomenon of water induced expansion in concrete in the entire dam and a localized effect consisting in the opening of cracks in the construction joints located in one of the blocks. This is validated by conducting numerical analyses through 2D finite element models that consider the nonlinear behavior of the construction joints and use zero-thickness interface elements to simulate the potential cracking planes in the dam. The results confirmed the diagnosis proposed and the capability of the model to reproduce the behavior of the dam, revealing the significant contribution of the opening of the cracks to the non-recoverable displacements in the dam
Balancing redox cofactor generation and ATP synthesis: key microaerobic responses in thermophilic fermentations

Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a Grampositive, thermophilic bacterium capable of ethanologenic fermentation of both C5 and C6 sugars and may have possible use for commercial bioethanol production [Tang et al., 2009; Taylor et al. (2009) Trends Biotechnol 27(7): 398–405]. Little is known about the physiological changes that accompany a switch from aerobic (high redox) to microaerobic/fermentative (low redox) conditions in thermophilic organisms. The changes in the central metabolic pathways in response to a switch in redox potential were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and proteomics. During low redox (fermentative) states, results indicated that glycolysis was uniformly up-regulated, the Krebs (tricarboxylic acid or TCA) cycle non-uniformly downregulated and that there was little to no change in the pentose phosphate pathway. Acetate accumulation was accounted for by strong down-regulation of the acetate CoA ligase gene (acs) in addition to up-regulation of the pta and ackA genes (involved in acetate production), thus conserving ATP while reducing flux through the TCA cycle. Substitution of an NADH dehydrogenase (down-regulated) by an up-regulated NADH:FAD oxidoreductase and upregulation of an ATP synthase subunit, alongside the observed shifts in the TCA cycle, suggested that an oxygenscavenging electron transport chain likely remained active during low redox conditions. Together with the observed up-regulation of a glyoxalase and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase, thought to provide protection against the accumulation of toxic phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates and reactive oxygen species, respectively, the changes observed in G. thermoglucosidasius NCIMB 11955 under conditions of aerobic-to-microaerobic switching were consistent with responses to low pO2 stress.Web of Scienc
Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in NF1: Evidence for a More Severe Phenotype Associated with Missense Mutations Affecting NF1 Codons 844–848

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder with a birth incidence of 1:2,000–3,000, is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation. To date, only two clinically relevant intragenic genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported for NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809 and a single amino acid deletion p.Met922del. Both variants predispose to a distinct mild NF1 phenotype with neither externally visible cutaneous/plexiform neurofibromas nor other tumors. Here, we report 162 individuals (129 unrelated probands and 33 affected relatives) heterozygous for a constitutional missense mutation affecting one of five neighboring NF1 codons—Leu844, Cys845, Ala846, Leu847, and Gly848—located in the cysteine-serine-rich domain (CSRD). Collectively, these recurrent missense mutations affect ∼0.8% of unrelated NF1 mutation-positive probands in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) cohort. Major superficial plexiform neurofibromas and symptomatic spinal neurofibromas were more prevalent in these individuals compared with classic NF1-affected cohorts (both p < 0.0001). Nearly half of the individuals had symptomatic or asymptomatic optic pathway gliomas and/or skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, variants in this region seem to confer a high predisposition to develop malignancies compared with the general NF1-affected population (p = 0.0061). Our results demonstrate that these NF1 missense mutations, although located outside the GAP-related domain, may be an important risk factor for a severe presentation. A genotype-phenotype correlation at the NF1 region 844–848 exists and will be valuable in the management and genetic counseling of a significant number of individuals
Throwing caution to the wind : callous-unemotional traits and risk-taking in adolescents.

Developmental research suggests that adolescents may be highly influenced by their peers to take risks. Although youths with callous-unemotional (CU) traits engage in high-risk behaviors in the form of antisocial behavior and aggression, little is known about their decision making, particularly when their peers are present. Youths high on CU traits may be most susceptible to influence, especially when rewards are involved, or they may be highly rational relative to their low CU peers and less susceptible to social peer pressures. The present study used a gambling task with 675 youths (female n = 348), ages 16 to 20 years (M = 16.9, SD = .8). The majority were White British (64%). We experimentally manipulated whether youths made decisions in groups with peers or individually. All members of the group reported on their CU traits. Using multilevel modeling to control for group-level effects, youths with higher levels of CU traits were found to be less sensitive to accruing rewards on the gambling task than youths low on these traits. When in groups, male participants with higher levels of CU traits made quicker decisions to take risks than male participants lower on CU traits, particularly after punishment. Youths with CU traits are distinct in showing a lack of emotion and this may facilitate heightened rationality in responding to rewards. However, results suggest that male adolescents who are high on CU traits may react to the possible frustration of losing by attempting to gain back rewards quickly when their peers are watching
Australia's mining interests within Nigeria and Libya : policies, corruption and conflict

Crude petroleum remains the single most imported commodity into Australia and is sourced from a number of countries around the world (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), 2011a). While interest in crude petroleum is widespread, in recent years Australia's focus has been drawn to the continent of Africa, where increased political stability, economic recovery and an improved investment climate has made one of the largest oil reserves in the world increasingly more attractive. Despite improvement across the continent, there remain a number of risks which have the potential to significantly damage Australia's economic interests in the petroleum sector,including government policies and legislation, corruption and conflict. The longest exporters of crude petroleum products to Australia – Nigeria and Libya – have been subject to these factors in recent years and, accordingly, are the focus of this paper. Once identified, the impact of political instability, conflict, government corruption and other risk factors to Australia's mining interests within these countries is examined, and efforts to manage such risks are discussed