pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Frictional behavior of self-adaptive nanostructural Mo–Se–C coatings in different sliding conditions

Sliding properties of Mo–Se–C coatings with two different carbon content deposited by magnetron sputtering were investigated in different sliding environments (argon, nitrogen, dry and humid air). Both coatings had a structure that was identified as randomly oriented structures of MoSe2 embedded into amorphous carbon matrix. The worn surfaces, i.e. the wear tracks and the wear scars of the balls, were analyzed by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The material transferred to the ball steel surfaces was almost exclusively MoSe2, whereas the wear tracks on the coatings were more complex, with areas rich in MoSe2 and areas similar to that of as-deposited coatings.

The friction was lowest in argon (0.012 at a load of 10 N) and highest in humid air, but still remarkably low; as best 0.05 at 10 N load; however, the exceptionally low wear rate was almost identical. Thus, we focused our detailed analysis on these two examples to understand the mechanisms responsible for the difference between the friction coefficients. SEM, EDX, XPS, Raman and TEM with EELS and EDX were applied to investigate the composition and structure of localized spots of interest on the tested surfaces. In both cases, we observed well-ordered MoSe2 tribofilms with negligible amount of oxides. Carbon was not present in the sliding interfaces, although large amount of carbon was found outside the contacts on both surfaces. Based on our investigations, we suggest the increase in friction of Mo–Se–C in humid air is primarily due to the increase in shear strength of the MoSe2 structure by the presence of water molecules in the sliding interface
Continuous Plasma density measurement in TJ-II infrared interferometer-Advanced signal processing based on FPGAs

This work presents the behavioral simulation in an FPGA of a novel processing system for measuring line average electronic density in the TJ-II stellarator diagnostic, Infra-Red Two-Color Interferometer. Line average electronic density is proportional to phase difference between probing and reference signals of the interferometer, as the Appleton–Hartree cold plasma model states. The novelty of the approach is the development of a real time measuring system where research work has been carried out in two ways: a new interpolation algorithm and the implementation of a new specific processor on an FPGA.\ud
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The main goal of this new system is to measure line plasma electronic density for several channels in real time, also it will be useful to eliminate intermediate mixing frequency stages (the output signals coming from the interferometer are going to be directly sampled) and finally to generate real time density signals for control purposes in TJ-II and in other diagnostics. This device is intended to be the new data acquisition-processing system for the future six channel infrared interferometer that requires at least 14 input signals. The knowledge acquired could be useful in the design of W7-X and ITER IR-interferometer data acquisition and processing systems
Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium

BACKGROUND: The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group.\ud
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METHODS: The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11-78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10-87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide.\ud
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RESULTS: Compared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset.\ud
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CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia
On The Supersymmetric Solutions of D=3 Half-maximal Supergravities

We initiate a systematic study of the solutions of three-dimensional
matter-coupled half-maximal (N=8) supergravities which admit a Killing spinor.
To this end we analyze in detail the invariant tensors built from spinor
bilinears, a technique originally developed and applied in higher dimensions.
This reveals an intriguing interplay with the scalar target space geometry
SO(8,n)/(SO(8) x SO(n)). Another interesting feature of the three-dimensional
case is the implementation of the duality between vector and scalar fields in
this framework. For the ungauged theory with timelike Killing vector, we
explicitly determine the scalar current and show that its integrability
relation reduces to a covariant holomorphicity equation, for which we present a
number of explicit solutions. For the case of a null Killing vector, we give
the most general solution which is of pp-wave type.Comment: 29 page
Evidence for Quark Gluon Plasma from Hadron Production in High Energy Nuclear Collisions

The experimental results on the pion, strangeness and J/psi production in high energy nuclear collisions are discussed. The anomalous energy dependence of pion and strangeness production is consistent with the hypothesis that a transition to a deconfined phase takes place between the top AGS (15 AGeV) and the SPS (200 AGeV) energies. The J/psi production systematics at the SPS can be understood assuming that the J/psi mesons are created at hadronization according to the available hadronic phase space. This new interpretation of the J/psi data allows one to establish a coherent picture of high energy nuclear collisions based on the statistical approaches of the collision early stage and hadronization. Surprisingly, the statistical model of strong interactions is successful even in the region reserved up to now for pQCD based models
Entrance channels and alpha decay half-lives of the heaviest elements

The barriers standing against the formation of superheavy elements and their
consecutive $\alpha$ decay have been determined in the quasimolecular shape
path within a Generalized Liquid Drop Model including the proximity effects
between nucleons in a neck, the mass and charge asymmetry, a precise nuclear
radius and the shell effects given by the Droplet Model. For moderately
asymmetric reactions double-hump potential barriers stand and fast fission of
compact shapes in the outer well is possible. Very asymmetric reactions lead to
one hump barriers which can be passed only with a high energy relatively to the
superheavy element energy. Then, only the emission of several neutrons or an
$\alpha$ particle can allow to reach an eventual ground state. For almost
symmetric heavy-ion reactions, there is no more external well and the inner
barrier is higher than the outer one
Gauged R-symmetry and its anomalies in 4D N=1 supergravity and phenomenological implications

We consider a class of models with gauged U(1) R symmetry in 4D N=1 super-gravity that have, at the classical level, a metastable ground state, an infinitesimally small (tunable) positive cosmological constant and a TeV gravitino mass. We analyse if these properties are maintained under the addition of visible sector (MSSM-like) and hidden sector state(s), where the latter may be needed for quantum consistency. We then discuss the anomaly cancellation conditions in supergravity as derived by Freedman, Elvang and Körs and apply their results to the special case of a U(1) R symmetry, in the presence of the Fayet-Iliopoulos term (ξ) and Green-Schwarz mechanism(s). We investigate the relation of these anomaly cancellation conditions to the “naive” field theory approach in global SUSY, in which case U(1) R cannot even be gauged. We show the two approaches give similar conditions. Their induced constraints at the phenomenological level, on the above models, remain strong even if one lifted the GUT-like conditions for the MSSM gauge couplings. In an anomaly-free model, a tunable, TeV-scale gravitino mass may remain possible provided that the U(1) R charges of additional hidden sector fermions (constrained by the cubic anomaly alone) do not conflict with the related values of U(1) R charges of their scalar superpartners, constrained by existence of a stable ground state. This issue may be bypassed by tuning instead the coefficients of the Kahler connection anomalies (b K , b CK )
Development of Edgeless n-on-p Planar Pixel Sensors for future ATLAS
  Upgrades

The development of n-on-p "edgeless" planar pixel sensors being fabricated at
FBK (Trento, Italy), aimed at the upgrade of the ATLAS Inner Detector for the
High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), is reported. A
characterizing feature of the devices is the reduced dead area at the edge,
achieved by adopting the "active edge" technology, based on a deep etched
trench, suitably doped to make an ohmic contact to the substrate. The project
is presented, along with the active edge process, the sensor design for this
first n-on-p production and a selection of simulation results, including the
expected charge collection efficiency after radiation fluence of $1 \times
10^{15} {\rm n_{eq}}/{\rm cm}^2$ comparable to those expected at HL-LHC (about
ten years of running, with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$) for the
outer pixel layers. We show that, after irradiation and at a bias voltage of
500 V, more than 50% of the signal should be collected in the edge region; this
confirms the validity of the active edge approach
Using science, making policy: what should we worry about?

How does science enter policy making, and for what purpose? Surely consulting scientific facts in making policy is done with a view to making policy decisions more reliable, and ultimately more objective. In this paper I address the way/s by which science contributes to achieving objectivity in policy making and social debate, and argue that objectivity is not exhausted by what scientific evidence contributes to either. In policy making and social debates, scientific evidence is taken into account alongside other relevant factors (political, social, economic, ethical, etc.). Such complex contexts of practical interaction constitute a challenge both for the objectivity of scientific evidence (how far should science let extra-scientific factors interfere with scientific facts, without endangering the objectivity of evidence?), and for the objectivity of the role of the scientist in the policy-making process (is he/she only to inform policy, and only on matters of scientific evidence? Or should they also ultimately advise on what to do, running the risk of becoming partial on matters of evidence?) I analyse a case study - the ongoing debate over the spread of bovine TB in the UK - that displays some of the worries and several of the aspects we ought to keep in mind when we bring scientific objectivity to bear on social debate and policy making. I argue in favour of a picture where scientific objectivity enters a productive and effective dialogue with practical objectivity
Shape from Shading and Viscosity Solutions

International audienceThis article presents an approach to the shape from shading problem which is based upon the notion of viscosity solutions to the shading partial differential equation, in effect a Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The power of this approach is twofolds: 1) it allows nonsmooth, i.e. nondifferentiable, solutions which allows to recover objects with sharp troughs and creases and 2) it provides a framework for deriving a numerical scheme for computing approximations on a discrete grid of these solutions as well as for proving its correctness, i.e. the convergence of these approximations to the solution when the grid size vanishes. Our work extends previous work in the area in three aspects. First, it deals with the case of a general illumination in a simpler and a more general way (since they assume that the solutions are continuously differentiable) than in the work of Dupuis and Oliensis [1994]. Second, it allows us to prove the existence and uniqueness of "continuous" solutions to the shading equation in a more general setting (general direction of illumination) than in the work of Rouy and Tourin [1992], thereby extending the applicability of shape from shading methods to more realistic scenes. Third, it allows us to produce an approximation scheme for computing approximations of the "continuous" solution on a discrete grid as well as a proof of their convergence toward that solution
Pivotal and Pivotal-discriminative Consequence Relations

In the present paper, we investigate consequence relations that are both paraconsistent and plausible (but still monotonic). More precisely, we put the focus on pivotal consequence relations, i.e. those relations that can be defined by a pivot (in the style of e.g. D.~Makinson). A pivot is a fixed subset of valuations which are considered to be the important ones in the absolute sense. We worked with a general notion of valuation that covers e.g. the classical valuations as well as certain kinds of many-valued valuations. In the many-valued cases, pivotal consequence relations are paraconsistant (in addition to be plausible), i.e. they are capable of drawing reasonable conclusions which contain contradictions. We will provide in our general framework syntactic characterizations of several families of pivotal relations. In addition, we will provide, again in our general framework, characterizations of several families of pivotal discriminative consequence relations. The latter are defined exactly as the plain version, but contradictory conclusions are rejected. We will also answer negatively a representation problem that was left open by Makinson. Finally, we will put in evidence a connexion with X-logics from Forget, Risch, and Siegel. The motivations and the framework of the present paper are very close to those of a previous paper of the author which is about preferential consequence relations
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs

Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 +/- 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 +/- 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 +/- 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 +/- 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 +/- 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders
A new class of superregular matrices and MDP convolutional codes

This paper deals with the problem of constructing superregular matrices that lead to MDP convolutional codes. These matrices are a type of lower block triangular Toeplitz matrices with the property that all the square submatrices that can possibly be nonsingular due to the lower block triangular structure are nonsingular. We present a new class of matrices that are superregular over a sufficiently large finite field FF. Such construction works for any given choice of characteristic of the field FF and code parameters (n,k,δ)(n,k,δ) such that (n−k)|δ(n−k)|δ. We also discuss the size of FF needed so that the proposed matrices are superregular
Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Attaches to Epithelium in Both Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

Influenza A viruses from animal reservoirs have the capacity to adapt to humans and cause influenza pandemics. The occurrence of an influenza pandemic requires efficient virus transmission among humans, which is associated with virus attachment to the upper respiratory tract. Pandemic severity depends on virus ability to cause pneumonia, which is associated with virus attachment to the lower respiratory tract. Recently, a novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus with unknown pandemic potential emerged in humans. We determined the pattern of attachment of two genetically engineered viruses containing the hemagglutinin of either influenza virus A/Shanghai/1/13 or A/Anhui/1/13 to formalin-fixed human respiratory tract tissues using histochemical analysis. Our results show that the emerging H7N9 virus attached moderately or abundantly to both upper and lower respiratory tract, a pattern not seen before for avian influenza A viruses. With the caveat that virus attachment is only the first step in the virus replication cycle, these results suggest that the emerging H7N9 virus has the potential both to transmit efficiently among humans and to cause severe pneumonia
p-exponent and p-leaders, Part I: Negative pointwise regularity

Multifractal analysis aims to characterize signals, functions, images or fields, via the fluctuations of their local regularity along time or space, hence capturing crucial features of their temporal/spatial dynamics. Multifractal analysis is becoming a standard tool in signal and image processing, and is nowadays widely used in numerous applications of different natures. Its common formulation relies on the measure of local regularity via the H\"older exponent, by nature restricted to positive values, and thus to locally bounded functions or signals. It is here proposed to base the quantification of local regularity on p-exponents, a novel local regularity measure potentially taking negative values. First, the theoretical properties of p-exponents are studied in detail. Second, wavelet-based multiscale quantities, the p-leaders, are constructed and shown to permit accurate practical estimation of p-exponents. Exploiting the potential dependence with p, it is also shown how the collection of p-exponents enriches the classification of locally singular behaviors in functions, signals or images. The present contribution is complemented by a companion article developing the p-leader based multifractal formalism associated to p-exponents
Water clubs in residential care: is it the water or the club that enhances health and well-being?

Recent research suggests that establishing water clubs in care homes can counteract the dangers of dehydration and enhance residents’ health and well-being. This study provided an experimental test of this idea, and also explored the possibility that it is the social interaction that clubs provide which delivers health-related benefits. Consistent with this hypothesis, the study found no evidence that, on its own, increased focus on water consumption enhanced residents’ health or well-being. However, residents who took part in water clubs showed improved levels of perceived social support, and those who participated in water and control clubs showed beneficial outcomes in terms of the number of General Practitioner calls they required. Consistent with a social identity approach to health and well-being, a mediation analysis also indicated that clubs achieve these positive outcomes by providing social support that helps to build a shared sense of social identity among residents
Tensile response of the muscle-tendon complex using discrete element model

Tear  of  the  muscle-tendon  complex  (MTC)  is  one  of  the  main  causes  of  sport  injuries  (De  Labareyre  et  al.  2005).  However,  the  mechanisms  leading  to  such injury are still unclear (Uchiyama et al. 2011).  Before  modeling  the  tear  of  the  MTC,  its  behavior  in  tensile  test  will  be  first  studied.  The  MTC  is  a multi-scale,  non  isotropic  and  non  continuous structure  that  is  composed  of  numerous  fascicles 
gathered  together  in  a  conjunctive  sheath  (epimysium).  Many  MTC  models  use  the  Finite  Element  Method  (FEM)  (Bosboom  et  al.  2001)  to  simulate  MTC’s  behavior  as  a  hyperviscoelastic  material.  The  Discrete  Element  Method  (DEM) 
used  for  modeling  composite  materials  (Iliescu  et  al.  2010)  could  be  adapted  to  fibrous  materials  as  the MTC. Compared to FEM, the DEM could allow  to capture the complex behavior of a material with a  simple  discretization  scheme  in  terms  of  concept  and  implementation  as  well  as  to  understand  the influence  of  fibers’  orientation  on  the  MTC behavior.  The  aim  of  this  study  was  to  obtain  the force/displacement  relationship  during  a  numerical  tensile test of a pennate muscle model with DEM
Excitonic blue luminescence from p-LaCuOSe/n-InGaZn5O8 light-emitting diode at room temperature

A hetero p/n junction diode was fabricated by laminating an amorphous n-type InGaZn5O8 layer to a p-type LaCuOSe film epitaxially grown on a MgO (001) substrate. It exhibited a relatively sharp blue electroluminescence (EL) that peaked at ~430  nm at room temperature when a forward bias voltage above 8 V was applied. The wavelength and bandwidth of the EL band agreed well with those of the excitonic photoluminescence band in LaCuOSe, which indicates that the EL band originates from the exciton in LaCuOSe. This experiment strongly suggests that layered compounds, LnCuOCh (Ln=lanthanide, Ch=chalcogen), are promising as the light-emitting layer in optoelectronic devices that operate in the blue–ultraviolet region