pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of jet pT correlations in Pb + Pb and pp collisions at √sNN＝2.76TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of dijet PT correlations in Pb+Pb and pp collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of √sNN = 2.76TeV  are presented. The measurements are performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using Pb + Pb and pp data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 0.14nb-1and 4.0pb-1, respectively. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-Kt algorithm with radius parameter values R = 0.3 and R=0.4. A background subtraction procedure is applied to correct the jets for the large underlying event present in Pb + Pb collisions. The leading and sub-leading jet transverse momenta are denoted PT1 and PT2. An unfolding procedure is applied to the two-dimensional (PT1, PT2) distributions to account for experimental effects in the measurement of both jets. Distributions of (1/N)dN/dxj, where xj = pT2 /pT1 , are presented as a function of Pt1 and collision centrality. The distributions are found to be similar in peripheral Pb + Pb collisions and pp collisions, but highly modified in central Pb + Pb collisions. Similar features are present in both the R = 0.3 and R = 0.4 results, indicating that the effects of the underlying event are properly accounted for in the measurement. The results are qualitatively consistent with expectations from partonic energy loss models
Measurement of the W W + W Z cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings using final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and two jets with the ATLAS detector at √s = 7 TeV

The production of a W boson decaying to eν or μν in association with a W or Z boson decaying to two jets is studied using 4.6 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data at √s =7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combined WW + WZ cross section is measured with a significance of 3.4σ and is found to be 68±7 (stat.)±19 (syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of 61.1±2.2 pb. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the dijet system is used to set limits on anomalous contributions to the triple gauge coupling vertices and on parameters of an effective-field-theory model.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Department of Energ
Growth-stage-specific crop coefficient and consumptive use of Capsicum chinense using hydraulic weighing lysimeter

This research was conducted to determine growth stage-specific crop coefficient (Kc) and Consumptive Use (CU), for\ud
Capsicum chinense (Ata rodo) grown under irrigation in Omu-Aran, North central Nigeria. Daily CU and growth stagespecific\ud
crop coefficient Kc for Capsicum chinense was measured using a developed and calibrated hydraulic weighing\ud
lysimeter over 2 consecutive dry seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). The values of CU and growth stage-specific Kc obtained\ud
were compared to that estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 and with existing Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Kc\ud
values for bell pepper. The Kc values determined over the growing seasons varied from 0.32 to 0.7, 1.02 to 1.45 and 0.76\ud
to 0.9 representing Kc initial, Kc mid-season and Kc late season (Kcini, Kcmid and Kcend), respectively. These Kc varied\ud
significantly (P < 0.05) from FAO established Kc values. The observed Kc was validated using relevant statistical\ud
methods. The seasonal CU of Capsicum chinense was 580.01 ± 54 mm, while the reference evapotranspiration increased\ud
from 3.26mmday−1 in October to 4.19mmday−1 in February. The crop factor increased from0.7 in October to attain its\ud
peak of 1.45 in January, but decreased to 0.9 during crop senescence in February. Likewise, the daily crop water need was\ud
2.28mmday−1 in October but reached its peak of 5.82mmday−1 in January and thereafter decreased to 3.77mmday−1\ud
in February. Mean monthly water need of Capsicum chinense pepper was 68.36mmmonth−1 in October. The water need\ud
of crop rose to its peak of 166.32mmmonth−1 in December, and thereafter declined to 113.13mmmonth−1 in February\ud
It is inferred that the application of growth stage-specific Kc will assist in irrigationmanagement and would serve as useful\ud
guide for precise water applications for areas around Omu-Aran as it differs from region to region
Confidence in the police : balancing public image with\ud
community safety : a comparative review of the\ud
literature

Examining the evolution of British and Australian policing, this comparative review of the literature considers the historical underpinnings of policing in these two countries and the impact of community legitimacy derived from the early concepts of policing by consent. Using the August 2011 disorder in Britain as a lens, this paper considers whether, in striving to maintain community confidence, undue emphasis is placed on the police's public image at the expense of community safety. Examining the path of policing reform, the impact of bureaucracy on policing and the evolving debate surrounding police performance, this review suggests that, while largely delivering on the ideal of an ethical and strong police force, a preoccupation with self-image may in fact result in tarnishing the very thing British and Australian police forces strive to achieve – their standing with the public. This paper advocates for a more realistic goal of gaining public respect rather than affection in order to achieve the difficult balance between maintaining trust and respect as an approachable, ethical entity providing firm, confident policing in this ever-evolving, modern society
Simplifying process model abstraction : techniques for generating model names

The increased adoption of business process management approaches, tools and practices, has led organizations to accumulate large collections of business process models. These collections can easily include hundred to thousand models, especially in the context of multinational corporations or as a result of organizational mergers and acquisitions. A concrete problem is thus how to maintain these large repositories in such a way that their complexity does not hamper their practical usefulness as a means to describe and communicate business operations. This paper proposes a technique to automatically infer suitable names for business process models and fragments thereof. This technique is useful for model abstraction scenarios, as for instance when user-specific views of a repository are required, or as part of a refactoring initiative aimed to simplify the repository’s complexity. The technique is grounded in an adaptation of the theory of meaning to the realm of business process models. We implemented the technique in a prototype tool and conducted an extensive evaluation using three process model collections from practice and a case study involving process modelers with different experience
Multifocal epithelial tumors and field cancerization from loss of mesenchymal CSL signaling.

It is currently unclear whether tissue changes surrounding multifocal epithelial tumors are a cause or consequence of cancer. Here, we provide evidence that loss of mesenchymal Notch/CSL signaling causes tissue alterations, including stromal atrophy and inflammation, which precede and are potent triggers for epithelial tumors. Mice carrying a mesenchymal-specific deletion of CSL/RBP-Jκ, a key Notch effector, exhibit spontaneous multifocal keratinocyte tumors that develop after dermal atrophy and inflammation. CSL-deficient dermal fibroblasts promote increased tumor cell proliferation through upregulation of c-Jun and c-Fos expression and consequently higher levels of diffusible growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and matrix-remodeling enzymes. In human skin samples, stromal fields adjacent to multifocal premalignant actinic keratosis lesions exhibit decreased Notch/CSL signaling and associated molecular changes. Importantly, these changes in gene expression are also induced by UVA, a known environmental cause of cutaneous field cancerization and skin cancer
On global solution to the Klein-Gordon-Hartree equation below energy
  space

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for Klein-Gordon equation with
a cubic convolution nonlinearity in $\R^3$. By making use of Bourgain's method
in conjunction with a precise Strichartz estimate of S.Klainerman and D.Tataru,
we establish the $H^s (s<1)$ global well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for
the cubic convolution defocusing Klein-Gordon-Hartree equation. Before arriving
at the previously discussed conclusion, we obtain global solution for this
non-scaling equation with small initial data in $H^{s_0}\times H^{s_0-1}$ where
$s_0=\frac\gamma 6$ but not $\frac\gamma2-1$, for this equation that we
consider is a subconformal equation in some sense. In doing so a number of
nonlinear prior estimates are already established by using Bony's
decomposition, flexibility of Klein-Gordon admissible pairs which are slightly
different from that of wave equation and a commutator estimate. We establish
this commutator estimate by exploiting cancellation property and utilizing
Coifman and Meyer multilinear multiplier theorem. As far as we know, it seems
that this is the first result on low regularity for this Klein-Gordon-Hartree
equation.Comment: 31 page
Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0s→φμ+μ−

The determination of the differential branching fraction and the first angular analysis of the decay B0s → ϕμ + μ − are presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at s√=7 TeV. The differential branching fraction is determined in bins of q 2, the invariant dimuon mass squared. Integration over the full q 2 range yields a total branching fraction of B(B0s→ϕμ+μ−) =(7.07+0.64−0.59±0.71±0.71) × 10−7, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third originates from the branching fraction of the normalisation channel. An angular analysis is performed to determine the angular observables F L, S 3, A 6, and A 9. The observables are consistent with Standard Model expectations
Search for third generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair-produced third generation scalar leptoquarks is presented, using proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb[superscript −1]. Each leptoquark is assumed to decay to a tau lepton and a b-quark with a branching fraction equal to 100%. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Third generation leptoquarks are therefore excluded at 95% confidence level for masses less than 534 GeV.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Supergenes and complex phenotypes.

Understanding the molecular underpinnings of evolutionary adaptations is a central focus of modern evolutionary biology. Recent studies have uncovered a panoply of complex phenotypes, including locally adapted ecotypes and cryptic morphs, divergent social behaviours in birds and insects, as well as alternative metabolic pathways in plants and fungi, that are regulated by clusters of tightly linked loci. These 'supergenes' segregate as stable polymorphisms within or between natural populations and influence ecologically relevant traits. Some supergenes may span entire chromosomes, because selection for reduced recombination between a supergene and a nearby locus providing additional benefits can lead to locus expansions with dynamics similar to those known for sex chromosomes. In addition to allowing for the co-segregation of adaptive variation within species, supergenes may facilitate the spread of complex phenotypes across species boundaries. Application of new genomic methods is likely to lead to the discovery of many additional supergenes in a broad range of organisms and reveal similar genetic architectures for convergently evolved phenotypes
Baryon Stopping in Heavy-Ion Collisions at E_{lab}= 2--160 GeV/nucleon

It is argued that the experimentally observed baryon stopping may indicate
(within the present experimental uncertainties) a non-monotonous behaviour as a
function of the incident energy of colliding nuclei. This can be quantified by
a midrapidity reduced curvature of the net-proton rapidity spectrum. The above
non-monotonous behaviour reveals itself as a "zig-zag" irregularity in the
excitation function of this curvature. The three-fluid dynamic calculations
with a hadronic equation of state (EoS) fail to reproduce this irregularity. At
the same time, the same calculations with an EoS involving a first-order phase
transition into the quark-gluon phase do reproduce this "zig-zag" behaviour,
however only qualitatively.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, the paper is essentially extended. This version
  will be published in Phys. Lett.
Analytical expressions for the deprojected Sersic model

The Sersic model has become the standard to parametrize the surface
brightness distribution of early-type galaxies and bulges of spiral galaxies. A
major problem is that the deprojection of the Sersic surface brightness profile
to a luminosity density cannot be executed analytically for general values of
the Sersic index. Mazure & Capelato (2002) used the Mathematica computer
package to derive an expression of the Sersic luminosity density in terms of
the Meijer G function for integer values of the Sersic index. We generalize
this work using analytical means and use Mellin integral transforms to derive
an exact, analytical expression for the luminosity density in terms of the Fox
H function for all values of the Sersic index. We derive simplified expressions
for the luminosity density, cumulative luminosity and gravitational potential
in terms of the Meijer G function for all rational values of the Sersic index
and we investigate their asymptotic behaviour at small and large radii. As
implementations of the Meijer G function are nowadays available both in
symbolic computer algebra packages and as high-performance computing code, our
results open up the possibility to calculate the density of the Sersic models
to arbitrary precision.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
The maximum disjoint paths problem on multi-relations social networks

Motivated by applications to social network analysis (SNA), we study the
problem of finding the maximum number of disjoint uni-color paths in an
edge-colored graph. We show the NP-hardness and the approximability of the
problem, and both approximation and exact algorithms are proposed. Since short
paths are much more significant in SNA, we also study the length-bounded
version of the problem, in which the lengths of paths are required to be upper
bounded by a fixed integer $l$. It is shown that the problem can be solved in
polynomial time for $l=3$ and is NP-hard for $l\geq 4$. We also show that the
problem can be approximated with ratio $(l-1)/2+\epsilon$ in polynomial time
for any $\epsilon >0$. Particularly, for $l=4$, we develop an efficient
2-approximation algorithm
AGN-Host Galaxy Connection: Morphology and Colours of X-ray Selected AGN
  at z < 2

The connection between AGN and their host galaxies has been widely studied
over recent years, showing it to be of great importance for providing answers
to some fundamental questions related with AGN fueling mechanisms, their
formation and evolution. Using X-ray and one of the deepest broad-band optical
data sets, we studied morphology and colours in relationship with X-ray
properties for sources at redshifts z < 2.0, using a sample of 262 AGN in the
Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS). Morphological classification was obtained
using the galSVM code, one of the new methods useful especially when dealing
with high-redshift sources and low-resolution data. Colour-magnitude diagrams
were studied in relationship with redshift, morphology, X-ray obscuration, and
X-ray-to-optical flux ratio. Finally, the significance of different regions was
analysed on colour-magnitude diagrams, relating the observed properties of AGN
populations with some models of their formation and evolution.Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in
  Astronomy&Astrophysic
Monte-Carlo simulation of localization dynamics of excitons in ZnO and
  CdZnO quantum well structures

Localization dynamics of excitons was studied for ZnO/MgZnO and CdZnO/MgZnO
quantum wells (QW). The experimental photoluminescence (PL) and absorption data
were compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation in which the excitonic
hopping was modeled. The temperature-dependent PL linewidth and Stokes shift
were found to be in a qualitatively reasonable agreement with the hopping
model, with accounting for an additional inhomogeneous broadening for the case
of linewidth. The density of localized states used in the simulation for the
CdZnO QW was consistent with the absorption spectrum taken at 5 K.Comment: 4 figures, to appear in J. Appl. Phy
A search for Z' in muon neutrino associated charm production

In many extensions of the Standard Model the presence of an extra neutral
boson, Z', is invoked. A precision study of weak neutral-current exchange
processes involving only second generation fermions is still missing. We
propose a search for Z' in muon neutrino associated charm production. This
process only involves Z' couplings with fermions from the second generation. An
experimental method is thoroughly described using an ideal detector. As an
application, the accuracy reachable with present and future experiments has
been estimated.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, late
A bright-rimmed cloud sculpted by the H ii region Sh2-48

To characterize a bright-rimmed cloud embedded in the HII region Sh2-48
searching for evidence of triggered star formation. We carried out observations
towards a region of 2'x2' centered at RA=18h 22m 11.39s, dec.=-14deg 35m 24.81s
(J2000) using the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE; Chile) in
the 12CO J=3-2,13CO J=3-2, HCO+ J=4-3, and CS J=7-6 lines with an angular
resolution of about 22". We also present radio continuum observations at 5 GHz
carried out with the Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA; EEUU) interferometer with a
synthetized beam of 7"x5". The analysis of our molecular observations reveals
the presence of a relatively dense clump with n(H_2)~3x10^3 cm^-3, located in
projection onto the interior of the HII region Sh2-48. The emission
distribution of the four observed molecular transitions has, at VLSR~38 kms^-1,
morphological anti-correlation with the bright-rimmed cloud as seen in the
optical emission. From the new radio continuum observations we identify a thin
layer of ionized gas located at the border of the clump which is facing to the
ionizing star. The ionized gas has an electron density of about 73 cm^-3 which
supports the hypothesis that the clump is being photoionized by the nearby
star, BD-14 5014. From the evaluation of the pressure balance between the
ionized and molecular gas, we conclude that the clump would be in a
pre-pressure balance state with the shocks being driven into the surface layer.
Two YSO candidates (class I), are placed slightly beyond the bright rim
suggesting that their formation could have been triggered via the
radiation-driven implosion process.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed DCFT point of view

We analyze the defect scaling Lee-Yang model from the perturbed defect
conformal field theory (DCFT) point of view. First the defect Lee-Yang model is
solved by calculating its structure constants from the sewing relations.
Integrable defect perturbations are identified in conformal defect perturbation
theory. Then pure defect flows connecting integrable conformal defects are
described. We develop a defect truncated conformal space approach (DTCSA) to
analyze the one parameter family of integrable massive perturbations in finite
volume numerically. Fusing the integrable defect to an integrable boundary the
relation between the IR and UV parameters can be derived from the boundary
relations. We checked these results by comparing the spectrum for large volumes
to the scattering theory.Comment: LaTeX, 33 pages, 9 figures, figures adde
Ionization rates in the heliosheath and in astrosheaths

In the heliosphere, especially in the inner heliosheath, mass-, momentum-,
and energy loading induced by the ionization of neutral interstellar species
plays an important, but for some species, especially Helium, an underestimated
role. We discuss the implementation of charge exchange and electron impact
processes for interstellar neutral Hydrogen and Helium and their implications
for further modeling. Especially, we emphasize the importance of electron
impact and a more sophisticated numerical treatment of the charge exchange
reactions. Moreover, we discuss the non-resonant charge exchange effects. The
rate coefficients are discussed and the influence of the cross-sections in the
(M)HD equations for different reactions are revised as well as their
representation in the collision integrals. Electron impact is in some regions
of the heliosphere, particularly in the heliotail, more effective than charge
exchange, and the ionization of neutral interstellar Helium contributes about
40% to the mass- and momentum loading in the inner heliosheath. The charge
exchange cross-sections need to be modeled with higher accuracy, especially in
view of the latest developments in their description. The ionization of Helium
and electron impact ionization of Hydrogen needs to be taken into account for
the modeling of the heliosheath and, in general, astrosheaths. Moreover, the
charge exchange cross-sections need to be handled in a more sophisticated way,
either by developing better analytic approximations or by solving the collision
integrals numerically.Comment: 18 pages, 9 Figure
Non-homogeneous random walks on a semi-infinite strip

We study the asymptotic behaviour of Markov chains $(X_n,\eta_n)$ on
$\mathbb{Z}_+ \times S$, where $\mathbb{Z}_+$ is the non-negative integers and
$S$ is a finite set. Neither coordinate is assumed to be Markov. We assume a
moments bound on the jumps of $X_n$, and that, roughly speaking, $\eta_n$ is
close to being Markov when $X_n$ is large. This departure from much of the
literature, which assumes that $\eta_n$ is itself a Markov chain, enables us to
probe precisely the recurrence phase transitions by assuming asymptotically
zero drift for $X_n$ given $\eta_n$. We give a recurrence classification in
terms of increment moment parameters for $X_n$ and the stationary distribution
for the large-$X$ limit of $\eta_n$. In the null case we also provide a weak
convergence result, which demonstrates a form of asymptotic independence
between $X_n$ (rescaled) and $\eta_n$. Our results can be seen as
generalizations of Lamperti's results for non-homogeneous random walks on
$\mathbb{Z}_+$ (the case where $S$ is a singleton). Motivation arises from
modulated queues or processes with hidden variables where $\eta_n$ tracks an
internal state of the system.Comment: 27 page