pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Developmental inter-relations between early maternal depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress, and their effect on later child cognitive functioning

- Background: Maternal depression and contextual risks (e.g. poverty) are known to impact children's cognitive and social functioning. However, few published studies have examined how stress in the social environment (i.e. interpersonal stress) might developmentally inter-relate with maternal depression and contextual risks to negatively affect a child in these domains. This was the purpose of the current study.\ud
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- Method: Mother-child pairs (n = 6979) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents were the study participants. Mothers reported on depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress between pregnancy and 33 months child age. At age 8, the children underwent cognitive assessments and the mothers reported on the children's social cognitive skills.\ud
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- Results: Maternal depression, contextual risks, and interpersonal stress showed strong continuity and developmental inter-relatedness. Maternal depression and contextual risks directly predicted a range of child outcomes, including executive functions and social cognitive skills. Interpersonal stress worked indirectly via maternal depression and contextual risks to negatively affect child outcomes.\ud
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- Conclusion: Maternal depression and contextual risks each increased interpersonal stress in the household, which, in turn, contributed to reduced child cognitive and social functioning
Social anxiety disorder in DSM-5

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                  133519.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)With the publication of DSM-5, the diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder (SAD, also known as social phobia) have undergone several changes, which have important conceptual and clinical implications. In this paper, we first provide a brief history of the diagnosis. We then review a number of these changes, including (1) the primary name of the disorder, (2) the increased emphasis on fear of negative evaluation, (3) the importance of sociocultural context in determining whether an anxious response to a social situation is out of proportion to the actual threat, (4) the diagnosis of SAD in the context of a medical condition, and (5) the way in which we think about variations in the presentation of SAD (the specifier issue). We then consider the clinical implications of changes in DSM-5 related to these issues
Latent classes of nonresponders, rapid responders, and gradual responders in depressed outpatients receiving antidepressant medication and psychotherapy

BackgroundWe used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to identify subsets of patients with qualitatively distinct symptom trajectories resulting from treatment. Existing studies have focused on 12-week antidepressant trials. We used data from a concurrent antidepressant and psychotherapy trial over a 6-month period.
 
MethodEight hundred twenty-one patients were randomized to receive either fluoxetine or tianepine and received cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, or psychodynamic therapy. Patients completed the Montgomery-angstrom sberg depression rating scale (MADRS) at the 0, 1, 3, and 6-month periods. Patients also completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes, functioning, and personality. GMM was conducted using MADRS scores and the number of growth classes to be retained was based on the Bayesian information criterion.
 
ResultsCriteria supported the presence of four distinct latent growth classes representing gradual responders of high severity (42% of sample), gradual responders of moderate severity (31%), nonresponders (15%), and rapid responders (11%). Initial severity, greater use of emotional coping strategies, less use of avoidance coping strategies, introversion, and less emotional stability predicted nonresponder status. Growth classes were not associated with different treatments or with proportion of dropouts.
 
ConclusionsThe longer time period used in this study highlights potential overestimates of nonresponders in previous research and the need for continued assessments. Our findings demonstrate distinct growth trajectories that are independent of treatment modality and generalizable to most psychotherapy patients. The correlates of class membership provide directions for future studies, which can refine methods to predict likely nonresponders as a means to facilitate personalized treatments
Incidental threat during visuospatial working memory in adolescent anxiety: an emotional memory-guided saccade task

BackgroundPediatric anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric mental illnesses in children and adolescents, and are associated with abnormal cognitive control in emotional, particularly threat, contexts. In a series of studies using eye movement saccade tasks, we reported anxiety-related alterations in the interplay of inhibitory control with incentives, or with emotional distractors. The present study extends these findings to working memory (WM), and queries the interaction of spatial WM with emotional stimuli in pediatric clinical anxiety.
 
MethodsParticipants were 33 children/adolescents diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, and 22 age-matched healthy comparison youths. Participants completed a novel eye movement task, an affective variant of the memory-guided saccade task. This task assessed the influence of incidental threat on spatial WM processes during high and low cognitive load.
 
ResultsHealthy but not anxious children/adolescents showed slowed saccade latencies during incidental threat in low-load but not high-load WM conditions. No other group effects emerged on saccade latency or accuracy.
 
ConclusionsThe current data suggest a differential pattern of how emotion interacts with cognitive control in healthy youth relative to anxious youth. These findings extend data from inhibitory processes, reported previously, to spatial WM in pediatric anxiety
HPA axis related genes and response to psychological therapies: genetics and epigenetics

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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning has been implicated in the development of stress-related psychiatric diagnoses and response to adverse life experiences. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic and epigenetics in HPA axis and response to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).\ud
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Methods\ud
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Children with anxiety disorders were recruited into the Genes for Treatment project (GxT, N = 1,152). Polymorphisms of FKBP5 and GR were analyzed for association with response to CBT. Percentage DNA methylation at the FKBP5 and GR promoter regions was measured before and after CBT in a subset (n = 98). Linear mixed effect models were used to investigate the relationship between genotype, DNA methylation, and change in primary anxiety disorder severity (treatment response).\ud
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Results\ud
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Treatment response was not associated with FKBP5 and GR polymorphisms, or pretreatment percentage DNA methylation. However, change in FKBP5 DNA methylation was nominally significantly associated with treatment response. Participants who demonstrated the greatest reduction in severity decreased in percentage DNA methylation during treatment, whereas those with little/no reduction in severity increased in percentage DNA methylation. This effect was driven by those with one or more FKBP5 risk alleles, with no association seen in those with no FKBP5 risk alleles. No significant association was found between GR methylation and response.\ud
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Conclusions\ud
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Allele-specific change in FKBP5 methylation was associated with treatment response. This is the largest study to date investigating the role of HPA axis related genes in response to a psychological therapy. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that DNA methylation changes may be associated with response to psychological therapies in a genotype-dependent manner
PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A METAANALYSIS

Expanded efforts to detect and treat depression among college students, a peak period of onset, have the potential to bear high human capital value from a societal perspective because depression increases college withdrawal rates. However, it is not clear whether evidence-based depression therapies are as effective in college students as in other adult populations. The higher levels of cognitive functioning and IQ and higher proportions of first-onset cases might lead to treatment effects being different among college students relative to the larger adult population.status: publishe
Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers

Background: Early recovery from trauma exposure in youth is poorly understood. This prospective longitudinal study examined the early course of traumatic stress responses in recently trauma-exposed youth, evaluated the revised DSM-5 acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD diagnoses and alternative diagnoses, and identified risk factors for persistent traumatic stress. Method: Participants were 8- to 17-year-old emergency departments attendees exposed to single incident traumas. Structured clinical interviews were undertaken at 2 (n = 226) and 9 weeks (n = 208) posttrauma. Results: Using the revised criteria in DSM-5, 14.2% met criteria for ASD at week 2 and 9.6% met criteria for PTSD at week 9. These prevalences were similar to the corresponding DSM-IV diagnoses (18.6% ASD at week 2; 8.7% PTSD at week 9). Using the same diagnostic criteria (DSM-IV or DSM-5) across assessments (i.e., “2-week PTSD”) suggested that caseness declined in prevalence by approximately half. Overlap between DSM-IV and DSM-5 ASD and DSM-5 preschool child PTSD diagnoses was considerable. Two diagnoses were strongly predictive of corresponding week 9 diagnoses. Youth with ASD who subsequently had PTSD reported more negative alterations in cognition and mood at 2 weeks than those youth who did not develop PTSD. Conclusions: Youth exposed to single-event traumas experience considerable natural recovery in the first months posttrauma. Using DSM-5 criteria, ASD may not capture all clinically significant traumatic stress in the acute phase and is only moderately sensitive for later PTSD. Future research needs to address the role and etiology of negative alterations in cognition and mood symptoms
Endogenous oxytocin is associated with the experience of compassion and recalled upbringing in Borderline Personality Disorder

Background/Objective\ud
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The role of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is poorly understood. It is particularly unknown how early experiences with caregivers moderate the action of OT in BPD. Here, we examined the association of plasma OT levels in BPD patients with the experience of compassion and recalled parental behavior during childhood.\ud
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Fifty-seven BPD patients and 43 healthy controls participated in the study. OT plasma levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Subjects additionally completed questionnaires focusing on fears of compassion (FOC) and recalled upbringing (“Questionnaire of Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior/Fragebogen zum erinnerten elterlichen Erziehungsverhalten,” FEE).\ud
Results\ud
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BPD patients had significantly lower OT plasma levels than healthy controls and differed significantly on all FOC and FEE scales; BPD patients had higher FOC scores (indicating more aversion of being compassionate to themselves and others and receiving compassion from others). They also differed in recalled parenting. In the BPD group, scores of the FOC scale “fear of compassion from others” were significantly negatively correlated with OT levels. Moreover, recalled “emotional warmth” of their parents during childhood was positively correlated with OT plasma levels of BPD subjects. No such correlations were found in the control group.\ud
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Our results corroborate findings from previous studies reporting lower OT levels in patients with BPD. Moreover, peripheral OT seems to be linked with the tolerance of compassionate feelings and early experiences with caregivers. This is consistent with other findings that OT is an important mediator of the experience of emotional warmth from others
Indicators to facilitate the early identification of patients with major depressive disorder in need of highly specialized care: A concept mapping study

Background: Early identification of the subgroup of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in need of highly specialized care could enhance personalized intervention. This, in turn, may reduce the number of treatment steps needed to achieve and sustain an adequate treatment response. The aim of this study was to identify patient-related indicators that could facilitate the early identification of the subgroup of patients with MDD in need of highly specialized care. Methods: Initial patient indicators were derived from a systematic review. Subsequently, a structured conceptualization methodology known as concept mapping was employed to complement the initial list of indicators by clinical expertise and develop a consensus-based conceptual framework. Subject-matter experts were invited to participate in the subsequent steps (brainstorming, sorting, and rating) of the concept mapping process. A final concept map solution was generated using nonmetric multidimensional scaling and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyses. Results: In total, 67 subject-matter experts participated in the concept mapping process. The final concept map revealed the following 10 major clusters of indicators: 1-depression severity, 2-onset and (treatment) course, 3-comorbid personality disorder, 4-comorbid substance use disorder, 5-other psychiatric comorbidity, 6-somatic comorbidity, 7-maladaptive coping, 8-childhood trauma, 9-social factors, and 10-psychosocial dysfunction. Conclusions: The study findings highlight the need for a comprehensive assessment of patient indicators in determining the need for highly specialized care, and suggest that the treatment allocation of patients with MDD to highly specialized mental healthcare settings should be guided by the assessment of clinical and nonclinical patient factors
Performance analysis and simulations of 32-ary cyclic code-shift keying

The article of record as published may be found at:http://dx.doi:10.1002/dac.1153Cyclic code-shift keying (CCSK) is the baseband 32-ary symbol modulation scheme used by the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS), the communication terminal for Link-16.  CCSK is not orthogonal and an analytic expression for the probability of symbol error for CCSK has thus far been elusive.  In this paper, an analytic upper bound on the probability of symbol error of CCSK is derived for the 32-chip CCSK starting sequence chosen for JTIDS.  The analytically obtained probability of symbol error is compared with two different Monte Carlo simulations for additive white Gaussian noise.  The results of both simulation match the analytic results very well and show that the analytic method yields a tight upper bound.  A new 32-chip CCSK starting sequence which has a smaller maximum off-peak cross-correlation value than the current JTIDS starting sequence is proposed and evaluated both analytically and by simulation.  The results obtained for the new CCSK starting sequence compare favorably with the CCSK starting sequence chosen for JTIDS
Analysis of cooperative and competitive spectrum sharing for heterogeneous networks based on differential dynamics model

SUMMARY: The heterogeneous networks belonging to different service providers form a coalition system for maximizing the profit, where they may either compete or cooperate with each other. In this paper, we introduce the Lokta-Volterra model, a differential dynamics model, to build the competitive and cooperative mechanisms of heterogeneous networks. It considers the natural growth rate of the network itself and competitive and cooperative effects among networks. Then, according to the ordinary differential principle, the stability of the proposed model and its equilibrium points are analyzed. And finally, system performances are evaluated by Vensim that is used for developing, analyzing, and packaging dynamic feedback models. Analysis and simulation results show that the natural growth rate of the network cannot increase its profit, but effective cooperative mechanism among heterogeneous networks can increase the profit of each network. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Queueing Analysis for Preemptive Transmission in Underlay Cognitive
  Radio Networks

In many cognitive radio applications, there are multiple types of message
queues. Existing queueing analysis works in underlay CR networks failed to
discuss packets heterogeneity. Therefore high priority packets with impatient
waiting time that have preemptive transmission opportunities over low class are
investigated. We model the system behavior as a M/M/1+GI queue which is
represented by a two dimensional state transition graph. The reneging
probability of high priority packets and the average waiting time in two-class
priority queues is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the average
waiting time of high priority packets decreases with the growing interference
power threshold and the average waiting time of the low priority packet is
proportional to the arrival rate of the high priority packet. This work may lay
the foundation to design efficient MAC protocols and optimize long term system
performance by carefully choosing system parameters
Bit Error Rate Evaluation of Linear Equalization in BFWA Systems

The bit error rate performance of broadband wireless fixed access (FWA) systems over multipath fading channels is investigated in this paper. Linear MMSE equalization is examined theoretically for 16-QAM and QPSK modulated FWA systems and shown to yield unsatisfactory performance. The theoretical analysis is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations and proved to be reasonably accurate. It provides us an insight into the physical limitations imposed by the FWA channels and suggest solutions to improve the capacity and performance of future FWA systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Energy and delay trade-off of the GTS allocation mechanism in IEEE 802.15.4 for wireless sensor networks

The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol proposes a flexible communication solution for Low-Rate Wireless Personal
Area Networks (LR-WPAN) including wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It presents the advantage to fit
different requirements of potential applications by adequately setting its parameters. When in beaconenabled
mode, the protocol can provide timeliness guarantees by using its Guaranteed Time Slot (GTS)
mechanism. However, power-efficiency and timeliness guarantees are often two antagonistic requirements in
wireless sensor networks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and propose a methodology for setting the
relevant parameters of IEEE 802.15.4-compliant WSNs that takes into account a proper trade-off between
power-efficiency and delay bound guarantees. First, we propose two accurate models of service curves for a
GTS allocation as a function of the IEEE 802.15.4 parameters, using Network Calculus formalism. We then
evaluate the delay bound guaranteed by a GTS allocation and express it as a function of the duty cycle. Based
on the relation between the delay requirement and the duty cycle, we propose a power-efficient superframe
selection method that simultaneously reduces power consumption and enables meeting the delay
requirements of real-time flows allocating GTSs. The results of this work may pave the way for a powerefficient
management of the GTS mechanism in an IEEE 802.15.4 cluster
Untersuchungen an mit Mauerwerk ausgefachten Stahlbetonrahmen und neue Lösungsvorschläge

The vulnerability of unreinforced masonry walls (URM) under seismic events, causing huge loss of money and human lives, has revealed the enormous need for an efficient strengthening material.  In this context, the present paper presents the experimental research that has been carried out with the aim of a better insight of traditional masonry infill walls commonly built in Portugal. The experimental research includes: (1) shaking table tests on reduced scale reinforced concrete (rc) building with masonry infills with distinct typologies, from traditional to solutions with enhanced properties and solutions to improve the seismic behavior; (2) in-plane static cyclic tests on an representative one storey and one bay rc frame with masonry infills with distinct typologies but similar to the ones tested in the rc building models. 
It was concluded that the typology of masonry walls influences global behaviour of rc buildings, particularly if no connection exist between masonry infills and rc frames. If not appropriately designed, the masonry infill walls can have a harmful influence on the rc columns by inducing shear stresses. 
From the in-plane cyclic tests, t was concluded that rendering takes a central role on the lateral strength and stiffness. Additionally, it was observed that bed joint reinforcement and reinforced rendering are important measures to control damage but do not influence significantly the in-plane lateral strength and stiffness.INSYME project (Innovative systems for earthquake-resistant masonry enclosures in RC buildings (project ref. 606229
Naked nuclei revisited: p63 immunoexpression

The presence of naked nuclei (NN) in cytological preparations of
fibroadenomas is a well-known finding. Regardless of their importance
on the differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma and other
benign lesions of the breast, the origin of NN remains elusive.
Despite previous efforts to characterize them, the lack of a reliable
nuclear marker for myoepithelial cells impaired definitive conclusions.
We performed a systematic evaluation of p63 expression in
cytological and histological preparations of 10 fibroadenoma
specimens. We observed that in histological sections, p63 was
restricted to the nuclei of myoepithelial/basal cells in lobules and
ducts of normal breast. In fibroadenomas, p63 decorated the
nuclei of myoepithelial cells in the periphery of epithelial
duct-like formations and slit-like formations. No p63 immunoreactivity
was observed in stromal or epithelial cells. In cytological
samples, almost all NN and cells surrounding epithelial
cell clusters were stained; no stromal cell admixed with fibrillary
matrix or epithelial cell was stained with p63. Based on
our findings, we strongly suggest that most, if not all, NN
are myoepithelial in origin.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - grant SFRH/BD/5386/2001
Whole, turret and step methods of rapid rescreening : is there any difference in performance?

We compared the performance of the Whole, Turret and Step techniques of 100% rapid rescreening (RR) in detection of falsenegatives in cervical cytology. We tested RR performance with cytologists trained and among those without training. We revised
1,000 consecutive slides from women participating in an ongoing international screening trial. Two teams of experienced
cytologists performed the RR techniques: one trained in RR procedures and the other not trained. The sensitivities in the trained
group were Whole 46.6%, Turret 47.4% and Step 50.9%; and in the non-trained group were 38.6, 31.6 and 47.4%, respectively.
The j coefficient showed a weak agreement between the two groups of cytologists and between the three RR techniques. The
RR techniques are more valuable if used by trained cytologists.
In the trained group, we did not observe significant differences between the RR techniques used, whereas in the non-trained
group, the Step technique had the best sensitivity