pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Detecting Fourth Generation Quarks at Hadron Colliders

We consider the phenomenology of the fourth generation heavy quarks which
would be pair produced at the LHC. We show that if such a quark with a mass in
the phenomenologically interesting range of 400 GeV--600 GeV decays to a light
quark and a W-boson, it will produce a signal in a number of channels which can
be seen above the background from the three generation Standard Model
processes. In particular, such quarks could be seen in channels where multiple
jets are present with large missing momentum and either a single hard lepton,
an opposite sign hard lepton pair or a same sign lepton pair.
  In the same sign dilepton channel there is little background and so an excess
of such pairs at large invariant mass will indicate the presence of heavy down
type quarks. More generally, in our study, the main tool we use to determine
the mass of the heavy quark in each of the channels we consider is to use the
kinematics of the decay of such quarks to resolve the momenta of the unobserved
neutrinos. We show how this can be carried out, even in cases where the
kinematics is under-determined by use of the approximation, which holds quite
well, that the two heavy quarks are nearly at rest in the center of mass frame.
  Since it is very likely that at least the lightest heavy quark decays in the
mode we consider, this means that it should be observed at the LHC. Indeed, it
is expected that the mass splitting between the quarks is less than $m_W$ so
that if the Cabbibo-Kobayshi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element between the fourth
and lower generations are not too small, both members of the fourth generation
quark doublet will decay in this way. If this is so, the combined signal of
these two quarks will make the signal for the fourth generation somewhat more
prominent.Comment: 26 pages; 15 Figures; In version 2 we have added some references and
  corrected some typos; Version 3 we have made minor change to some figure
  caption
Measuring Higgs CP and couplings with hadronic event shapes

Experimental falsification or validation of the Standard Model of Particle
Physics involves the measurement of the CP quantum number and couplings of the
Higgs boson. Both ATLAS and CMS have reported an SM Higgs-like excess around
m_H=125 GeV. In this mass range the properties of the Higgs boson can be
extracted from an analysis of the azimuthal angle distribution of the two jets
in pp->Hjj events. This channel is also important to measure the couplings of
the Higgs boson to electroweak gauge bosons and fermions, hereby establishing
the exceptional role of the Higgs boson in the Standard Model. Instead of
exploiting the jet angular correlation, we show that hadronic event shapes
exhibit substantial discriminative power to separate a CP even from a CP odd
Higgs. Some event shapes even show an increased sensitivity to the Higgs CP
compared to the azimuthal angle correlation. Constraining the Higgs couplings
via a separation of the weak boson fusion and the gluon fusion Higgs production
modes can be achieved applying similar strategies.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; version published in JHE
Measurement of the cross section for production of b b-bar X, decaying to muons in pp collisions at \sqrt{s} =7 TeV

A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the process pp → bb−X → μμX′ at s√=7 TeV is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.9 pb−1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. By selecting pairs of muons each with pseudorapidity |η| < 2.1, the value σ(pp → bb−X → μμX′) = 26.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ±2.4 (syst.) ±1.1 (lumi.) nb is obtained for muons with transverse momentum p T > 4 GeV, and 5.12 ± 0.03 (stat.) ± 0.48 (syst.) ± 0.20 (lumi.) nb for p T > 6 GeV. These results are compared to QCD predictions at leading and next-to-leading orders
Complete type IIA superstring action on IIA plane wave background

We construct the type IIA Green-Schwarz superstring action on a
ten-dimensional IIA plane wave background with 24 supersymmetries keeping the
full 32 fermionic coordinates. Starting from the symmetry superalgebra for the
maximally supersymmetric eleven dimensional plane wave background, we obtain
the eleven dimensional superfields. The Kaluza-Klein reduction leads to the ten
dimensional superfields for the IIA plane wave background, from which the type
IIA superstring action is constructed. We show that the superstring action
reduces correctly to the previously known light-cone gauge fixed action upon
imposing the light-cone $\kappa$-symmetry fixing condition.Comment: 25 page
Heterotic Line Bundle Standard Models

In a previous publication, arXiv:1106.4804, we have found 200 models from
heterotic Calabi-Yau compactifications with line bundles, which lead to
standard models after taking appropriate quotients by a discrete symmetry and
introducing Wilson lines. In this paper, we construct the resulting standard
models explicitly, compute their spectrum including Higgs multiplets, and
analyze some of their basic properties. After removing redundancies we find
about 400 downstairs models, each with the precise matter spectrum of the
supersymmetric standard model, with one, two or three pairs of Higgs doublets
and no exotics of any kind. In addition to the standard model gauge group, up
to four Green-Schwarz anomalous U(1) symmetries are present in these models,
which constrain the allowed operators in the four-dimensional effective
supergravity. The vector bosons associated to these anomalous U(1) symmetries
are massive. We explicitly compute the spectrum of allowed operators for each
model and present the results, together with the defining data of the models,
in a database of standard models accessible at
http://www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/projects/CalabiYau/linebundlemodels/index.html.
Based on these results we analyze elementary phenomenological properties. For
example, for about 200 models all dimension four and five proton decay
violating operators are forbidden by the additional U(1) symmetries.Comment: 55 pages, Latex, 3 pdf figure
Measurements of the branching fractions of the decays B0s→D∓sK± and B0s→D−sπ+

The decay mode \( B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }} \) allows for one of the theoretically cleanest measurements of the CKM angle γ through the study of time-dependent CP violation. This paper reports a measurement of its branching fraction relative to the Cabibbo-favoured mode \( B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }} \) based on a data sample corresponding to 0.37 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at \( \sqrt {s} = 7\;{\text{TeV}} \) collected in 2011 with the LHCb detector. In addition, the ratio of B meson production fractions f s /f d , determined from semileptonic decays, together with the known branching fraction of the control channel B 0 → D −π+, is used to perform an absolute measurement of the branching fractions: $ \begin{gathered} \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ - }{\pi^{ + }}} \right) = \left( {2.95\pm 0.05\pm 0.17_{{ - 0.22}}^{{ + 0.18}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 3}}}, \hfill \\ \mathcal{B}\left( {B_s^0 \to D_s^{ \mp }{K^{\pm }}} \right) = \left( {1.90\pm 0.12\pm 0.13_{{ - 0.14}}^{{ + 0.12}}} \right) \times {10^{{ - 4}}}, \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $ where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second the experimental systematic uncertainty, and the third the uncertainty due to f s /f d
Schr\"odinger Holography with and without Hyperscaling Violation

We study the properties of the Schr\"odinger-type non-relativistic holography
for general dynamical exponent z with and without hyperscaling violation
exponent \theta. The scalar correlation function has a more general form due to
general z as well as the presence of \theta, whose effects also modify the
scaling dimension of the scalar operator. We propose a prescription for minimal
surfaces of this "codimension 2 holography," and demonstrate the (d-1)
dimensional area law for the entanglement entropy from (d+3) dimensional
Schr\"odinger backgrounds. Surprisingly, the area law is violated for d+1 < z <
d+2, even without hyperscaling violation, which interpolates between the
logarithmic violation and extensive volume dependence of entanglement entropy.
Similar violations are also found in the presence of the hyperscaling
violation. Their dual field theories are expected to have novel phases for the
parameter range, including Fermi surface. We also analyze string theory
embeddings using non-relativistic branes.Comment: 62 pages and 6 figures, v2: several typos in section 5 corrected,
  references added, v3: typos corrected, references added, published versio
Reconstructing Higgs boson properties from the LHC and Tevatron data

We perform a phenomenological fit to all ATLAS, CMS, CDF and D0 Higgs boson
data available after Moriond 2012. We allow all Higgs boson branching
fractions, its couplings to standard model particles, as well as to an
hypothetical invisible sector to vary freely, and determine their current
favourite values. The standard model Higgs boson with a mass 125 GeV correctly
predicts the average observed rate and provides an acceptable global fit to
data. However, better fits are obtained by non-standard scenarios that
reproduce anomalies in the present data (more \gamma\gamma{} and less WW
signals than expected), such as modified rates of loop processes or partial
fermiophobia. We find that present data disfavours Higgs boson invisible
decays. We consider implications for the standard model, for supersymmetric and
fermiophobic Higgs bosons, for dark matter models, for warped extra-dimensions.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, references added, discussion clarified (e.g. fit
  to invisible width), fit to radion adde
On non-stationary Lam\'e equation from WZW model and spin-1/2 XYZ chain

We study the link between WZW model and the spin-1/2 XYZ chain. This is
achieved by comparing the second-order differential equations from them. In the
former case, the equation is the Ward-Takahashi identity satisfied by one-point
toric conformal blocks. In the latter case, it arises from Baxter's TQ
relation. We find that the dimension of the representation space w.r.t. the
V-valued primary field in these conformal blocks gets mapped to the total
number of chain sites. By doing so, Stroganov's "The Importance of being Odd"
(cond-mat/0012035) can be consistently understood in terms of WZW model
language. We first confirm this correspondence by taking a trigonometric limit
of the XYZ chain. That eigenstates of the resultant two-body Sutherland model
from Baxter's TQ relation can be obtained by deforming toric conformal blocks
supports our proposal.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor revision; v3: typos in equations
  correcte
Non-singlet Baryons in Less Supersymmetric Backgrounds

We analyze the holographic description of non-singlet baryons in various
backgrounds with reduced supersymmetries and/or confinement. We show that they
exist in all AdS_5xY_5 backgrounds with Y_5 an Einstein manifold bearing five
form flux, for a number of quarks 5N/8< k< N, independently on the
supersymmetries preserved. This result still holds for gamma_i deformations. In
the confining Maldacena-Nunez background non-singlet baryons also exist,
although in this case the interval for the number of quarks is reduced as
compared to the conformal case. We generalize these configurations to include a
non-vanishing magnetic flux such that a complementary microscopical description
can be given in terms of lower dimensional branes expanding into fuzzy baryons.
This description is a first step towards exploring the finite 't Hooft coupling
region.Comment: 36 Pages, 1 figure, Latex, v2: few minor changes, JHEP versio
Flavored Gauge-Mediation

The messengers of Gauge-Mediation Models can couple to standard-model matter
fields through renormalizable superpotential couplings. These matter-messenger
couplings generate generation-dependent sfermion masses and are therefore
usually forbidden by discrete symmetries. However, the non-trivial structure of
the standard-model Yukawa couplings hints at some underlying flavor theory,
which would necessarily control the sizes of the matter-messenger couplings as
well. Thus for example, if the doublet messenger and the Higgs have the same
properties under the flavor theory, the resulting messenger-lepton couplings
are parametrically of the same order as the lepton Yukawas, so that slepton
mass-splittings are similar to those of minimally-flavor-violating models and
therefore satisfy bounds on flavor-violation, with, however, slepton mixings
that are potentially large. Assuming that fermion masses are explained by a
flavor symmetry, we construct viable and natural models with messenger-lepton
couplings controlled by the flavor symmetry. The resulting slepton spectra are
unusual and interesting, with slepton mass-splittings and mixings that may be
probed at the LHC. In particular, since the new contributions are typically
negative, and since they are often larger for the first- and second-generation
sleptons, some of these examples have the selectron or the smuon as the
lightest slepton, with mass splittings of a few to tens of GeV.Comment: 16 pages v2: Explicit expressions (which are not needed in the
  analysis) for the pure Yukawa contributions removed. There was an error in
  some of these expressions in v1. References adde
Measurement of the Z/γ* + b-jet cross section in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

The production of b jets in association with a Z/γ* boson is studied using proton-proton collisions delivered by the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and recorded by the CMS detector. The inclusive cross section for Z/γ* + b-jet production is measured in a sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 fb−1. The Z/γ* + b-jet cross section with Z/γ* → ℓℓ (where ℓℓ = ee or μμ) for events with the invariant mass 60 < M ℓℓ  < 120 GeV, at least one b jet at the hadron level with p T > 25 GeV and |η| < 2.1, and a separation between the leptons and the jets of ΔR > 0.5 is found to be 5.84±0.08(stat.)±0.72(syst.)+0.25−0.55 (theory) pb. The kinematic properties of the events are also studied and found to be in agreement with the predictions made by the MadGraph event generator with the parton shower and the hadronisation performed by pythia
Exact Black Holes and Universality in the Backreaction of non-linear
  Sigma Models with a potential in (A)dS4

The aim of this paper is to construct accelerated, stationary and
axisymmetric exact solutions of the Einstein theory with self interacting
scalar fields in (A)dS4. To warm up, the backreaction of the (non)-minimally
coupled scalar field is solved, the scalar field equations are integrated and
all the potentials compatible with the metric ansatz and Einstein gravity are
found. With these results at hand the non-linear sigma model is tackled. The
scalar field Lagrangian is generic; neither the coupling to the curvature,
neither the metric in the scalar manifold nor the potential, are fixed ab
initio. The unique assumption in the analysis is the metric ansatz: it has the
form of the most general Petrov type D vacuum solution of general relativity;
it is a a cohomogeneity two Weyl rescaling of the Carter metric and therefore
it has the typical Plebanski-Demianski form with two arbitrary functions of one
variable and one arbitrary functions of two variables. It is shown, by an
straightforward manipulation of the field equations, that the metric is
completely integrable without necessity of specifiying anything in the scalar
Lagrangian. This results in that the backreaction of the scalar fields, within
this class of metrics, is universal. The metric functions generically show an
explicit dependence on a dynamical exponent that allows to smoothly connect
this new family of solutions with the actual Plebanski-Demianski spacetime. The
remaining field equations imply that the scalar fields follow geodesics in the
scalar manifold with an affine parameter given by a non-linear function of the
spacetime coordinates and define the on-shell form of the potential plus a
functional equation that it has to satisfy. Finally, a general family of (A)dS4
static hairy black holes is explicitly constructed and its properties are
outlined.Comment: Several typos correcte
Lifshitz-like space-time from intersecting branes in string/M theory

We construct 1/4 BPS, threshold F-D$p$ bound states (with $0\leq p \leq 5$)
of type II string theories by applying S- and T-dualities to the D1-D5 system
of type IIB string theory. These are different from the known 1/2 BPS,
non-threshold F-D$p$ bound states. The near horizon limits of these solutions
yield Lifshitz-like space-times with varying dynamical critical exponent
$z=2(5-p)/(4-p)$, for $p\neq 4$, along with the hyperscaling violation exponent
$\theta = p - (p-2)/(4-p)$, showing how Lifshitz-like space-time can be
obtained from string theory. The dilatons are in general non-constant (except
for $p=1$). We discuss the holographic RG flows and the phase structures of
these solutions. For $p=4$, we do not get a Lifshitz-like space-time, but the
near horizon limit in this case leads to an AdS$_2$ space.Comment: 20 pages, no figure, v2: proper identification of hyperscaling
  violation exponent has been made, abstract and the text has been changed
  accordingly, note added, v3: minor changes, refs added, version to appear in
  JHE
Higgs boson production at the LHC: transverse momentum resummation effects in the H → γγ, H → WW → lνlν and H → ZZ → 4l decay modes

We consider Standard Model Higgs boson production through gluon-gluon fusion in hadron collisions. We combine the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the inclusive cross section with the resummation of multiple soft-gluon emissions at small transverse momenta up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. The calculation is implemented in the numerical program HRes and allows us to retain the full kinematics of the Higgs boson and of its decay products. We present selected numerical results for the signal cross section at the LHC ( sqrt {s} = {8}{{TeV}} ), in the H → γγ, H → WW → lνlν and H → ZZ → 4 l decay channels by using the nominal cuts applied in current Higgs boson searches by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations
Momentum modes of M5-branes in a 2d space

We study M5 branes by considering the selfdual strings parallel to a plane.
With the internal oscillation frozen, each selfdual string gives a 5d SYM
field. All selfdual strings together give a 6d field with 5 scalars, 3 gauge
degrees of freedom and 8 fermionic degrees of freedom in adjoint representation
of U(N). Selfdual strings with the same orientation have the SYM-type
interaction. For selfdual strings with the different orientations, which could
also be taken as the unparallel momentum modes of the 6d field on that plane or
the (p,q) (r,s) strings on D3 with (p,q)\neq (r,s), the [i,j]+[j,k]\rightarrow
[i,k] relation is not valid, so the coupling cannot be written in terms of the
standard N \times N matrix multiplication. 3-string junction, which is the
bound state of the unparallel [i,j] [j,k] selfdual strings, may play a role
here.Comment: 37 pages, 5 figures, to appear in JHEP; v2: reference adde
Global Analysis of Experimental Constraints on a Possible Higgs-Like
  Particle with Mass ~ 125 GeV

We perform a global analysis of the constraints on a possible Higgs-like
particle with mass ~ 125 GeV that are provided by the ATLAS, CDF, CMS and D0
experiments. We combine the available constraints on possible deviations from
the Standard Model Higgs couplings to massive vector bosons and to fermions,
considering also the possibilities of non-standard loop-induced couplings to
photon and gluon pairs. We analyze the combined constraints on pseudo-dilaton
scenarios and on some other scenarios in which the possible new particle is
identified as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson in a composite electroweak
symmetry-breaking sector.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure
Matching three-point functions of BMN operators at weak and strong
  coupling

The agreement between string theory and field theory is demonstrated in the
leading order by providing the first calculation of the correlator of three
two-impurity BMN states with all non-zero momenta. The calculation is performed
in two completely independent ways: in field theory by using the large-$N$
perturbative expansion, up to the terms subleading in finite-size, and in
string theory by using the Dobashi-Yoneya 3-string vertex in the leading order
of the Penrose expansion. The two results come out to be completely identical.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
Brane Geometry and Dimer Models

The field content and interactions of almost all known gauge theories in
AdS_5/CFT_4 can be expressed in terms of dimer models or bipartite graphs drawn
on a torus. Associated with the fundamental cell is a complex structure
parameter tau_R. Based on the brane realization of these theories, we can
specify a special Lagrangian (SLag) torus fibration that is the natural
candidate to be identified as the torus on which the dimer lives. Using the
metrics known in the literature, we compute the complex structure tau_G of this
torus. For the theories on C^3 and the conifold and for orbifolds thereof tau_R
= tau_G. However, for more complicated examples, we show that the two complex
structures cannot be equal and yet, remarkably, differ only by a few percent.
We leave the explanation for this extraordinary proximity as an open challenge.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX; v.2: references adde
Higgs decay to dark matter in low energy SUSY: is it detectable at the
  LHC ?

Due to the limited statistics so far accumulated in the Higgs boson search at
the LHC, the Higgs boson property has not yet been tightly constrained and it
is still allowed for the Higgs boson to decay invisibly to dark matter with a
sizable branching ratio. In this work, we examine the Higgs decay to neutralino
dark matter in low energy SUSY by considering three different models: the
minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the next-to-minimal
supersymmetric standard models (NMSSM) and the nearly minimal supersymmetric
standard model (nMSSM). Under current experimental constraints at 2-sigma level
(including the muon g-2 and the dark matter relic density), we scan over the
parameter space of each model. Then in the allowed parameter space we calculate
the branching ratio of the SM-like Higgs decay to neutralino dark matter and
examine its observability at the LHC by considering three production channels:
the weak boson fusion VV->h, the associated production with a Z-boson pp->hZ+X
or a pair of top quarks pp->htt_bar+X. We find that in the MSSM such a decay is
far below the detectable level; while in both the NMSSM and nMSSM the decay
branching ratio can be large enough to be observable at the LHC.Comment: Version in JHE
Effective Lagrangian approach to neutrinoless double beta decay and neutrino masses

Neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay can in general produce electrons of either chirality, in contrast with the minimal Standard Model (SM) extension with only the addition of the Weinberg operator, which predicts two left-handed electrons in the final state. We classify the lepton number violating (LNV) effective operators with two leptons of either chirality but no quarks, ordered according to the magnitude of their contribution to 0νββ decay. We point out that, for each of the three chirality assignments, eLeL, eLeR and eReR, there is only one LNV operator of the corresponding type to lowest order, and these have dimensions 5, 7 and 9, respectively. Neutrino masses are always induced by these extra operators but can be delayed to one or two loops, depending on the number of RH leptons entering in the operator. Then, the comparison of the 0νββ decay rate and neutrino masses should indicate the effective scenario at work, which confronted with the LHC searches should also eventually decide on the specific model elected by nature. We also list the SM additions generating these operators upon integration of the heavy modes, and discuss simple realistic examples of renormalizable theories for each case