pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Randomized controlled trial of rituximab and cost-effectiveness analysis in treating fatigue and oral dryness in primary Sjogren's Syndrome

Objective: We investigated whether rituximab, an anti-B-cell therapy, improved symptoms of fatigue and oral dryness in patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS).\ud
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Methods: Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled trial, including Health Economic Analysis. Anti-Ro positive patients with PSS, symptomatic fatigue and oral dryness were recruited from 25 UK rheumatology clinics from August 2011 to January 2014. Patients were centrally-randomised to either placebo IV or rituximab IV (1000mg in 250mL) at weeks 0, 2, 24 and 26, with pre-and post-infusion medication including corticosteroids. Primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving 30% reduction in either fatigue or oral dryness at 48 weeks, measured by Visual Analogue Scale. Other outcomes included salivary and lachrymal flow rates, quality of life, ESSDAI and ESSPRI, symptoms of ocular and overall dryness, pain, global disease assessment and cost-effectiveness. ISRCTN 65360827\ud
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Results: All patients (n=133) randomised to placebo (n=66) and to rituximab (n=67) were included in the primary analysis. Among complete cases, 21/56 placebo and 24/61 rituximab patients achieved primary endpoint. After multiple imputation of missing outcomes, placebo and rituximab response rates were 36·8% and 39·8%, respectively (adjusted odds ratio 1·13 95% CI 0·50-2·55). There were no significant improvements in any outcome measure, except unstimulated salivary flow. Mean (SD) costs for rituximab and placebo were £10,752 (SD 264·75) and £2,672 (SD 241·71). There were slightly more adverse events reported in total for rituximab, but no difference in serious adverse events (ten in each group).\ud
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Conclusions: Rituximab is neither clinically or cost-effective in this patient population. This article is protected by copyright
Co-Occurrence and Characteristics of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis Who Meet Criteria for Fibromyalgia: Results From a UK National Register.

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in a UK national biologics registry who met criteria for fibromyalgia (FM), and to delineate the characteristics of these patients. METHODS: Two cohorts of patients are prospectively recruited from across 83 centers in the UK for the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register in Ankylosing Spondylitis (BSRBR-AS). All patients are required to meet Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria for axial SpA. Patients are either newly starting biologic therapy (biologics cohort) or are naive to treatment with biologic agents (non-biologics cohort) at the time of recruitment, and all patients are followed up prospectively. At recruitment and follow-up, clinical information and measurements are recorded while patients complete the 2011 research criteria for FM and assessments of the level of disease activity and work impact. RESULTS: Of the patients registered in the BSRBR-AS, 1,504 (68% male) were eligible for the current analysis, of whom 311 (20.7%) met the 2011 research criteria for FM. Prevalence of FM was similar between patients who fulfilled the modified New York criteria for AS (19.7%) and those who fulfilled ASAS imaging criteria but not the modified New York criteria (25.2%); however, among those who fulfilled only the ASAS clinical criteria, the prevalence of FM was lower (9.5%). Patients who met FM criteria reported significantly worse disease activity, function, global severity scores, and quality of life, and were more likely to have moderate or severe levels of mood disorder and clinically important fatigue. Patients who met FM criteria reported experiencing work impairment around half their working time. Meeting FM criteria was not related to elevated C-reactive protein levels or most extraspinal manifestations, but was associated with a higher likelihood of having received biologic therapy. CONCLUSION: Developing management approaches that would address the significant unmet clinical needs of the 1 in 5 patients with axial SpA who meet criteria for FM should be a research priority.This work is part of the Fibromyalgia Optimal Management for Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis (FOMAxS) Study, for which authors Macfarlane, Pathan, Martin, Haywood, Siebert, Packham, and Atzeni are investigators or collaborators. Other investigators are Euthalia Roussou and Philip Mease. We are grateful to the staff at the BSRBR-AS recruiting centers (details available at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/iahs/research/epidemiology/spondyloarthritis.php) and to the BSRBR-AS administration team, which currently comprises Dr. Claudia Zabke, Dr. Elizabeth A. Ferguson-Jones, and Barry Morris, and previously Lindsay Grant, Jo Gibson, Louise Mitchell, Karen Meldrum, and Georgia Mannion-Krase
Rational design of antirheumatic prodrugs specific for sites of inflammation

Biologic drugs, such as the anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibody adalimumab, have represented a breakthrough in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Yet, concerns remain over their lack of efficacy in a sizable proportion of patients and their potential for systemic side effects such as infection. Improved biologic prodrugs specifically targeted to the site of inflammation have the potential to alleviate current concerns surrounding biologic anticytokine therapies. The purpose of this study was to design, construct, and evaluate in vitro and ex vivo the targeting and antiinflammatory capacity of activatable bispecific antibodies
Developing an audiovisual notebook as a self-learning tool in histology: Perceptions of teachers and students

Videos can be used as didactic tools for self-learning under several circumstances, including those cases in which students are responsible for the development of this resource as an audiovisual notebook. We compared students' and teachers' perceptions regarding the main features that an audiovisual notebook should include. Four questionnaires with items about information, images, text and music, and filmmaking were used to investigate students' (n¿=¿115) and teachers' perceptions (n¿=¿28) regarding the development of a video focused on a histological technique. The results show that both students and teachers significantly prioritize informative components, images and filmmaking more than text and music. The scores were significantly higher for teachers than for students for all four components analyzed. The highest scores were given to items related to practical and medically oriented elements, and the lowest values were given to theoretical and complementary elements. For most items, there were no differences between genders. A strong positive correlation was found between the scores given to each item by teachers and students. These results show that both students' and teachers' perceptions tend to coincide for most items, and suggest that audiovisual notebooks developed by students would emphasize the same items as those perceived by teachers to be the most relevant. Further, these findings suggest that the use of video as an audiovisual learning notebook would not only preserve the curricular objectives but would also offer the advantages of self-learning processes.Postprint (author's final draft
The integrated anatomy practical paper: a robust assessment method for anatomy education today

Assessing anatomy in a way that tests higher cognitive domains and clinical application is not always straightforward. The old "spotter" examination has been criticized for only testing low level "identify" knowledge, whereas other assessment modalities such as multiple choice questions do not reflect the three dimensional and application nature of clinical anatomy. Medical curricula are frequently integrated and subject specific examinations do not reflect the case based, spiral, integrative nature of the curricula. The integrated anatomy practical paper (IAPP) is a hybrid of the old "spotter" and an objective structured clinical examination but it demonstrates how higher levels of taxonomy can be assessed, together with clinical features and integrates well with other disciplines. Importantly, the IAPP has shown to be reliable and practical to administer. Data gathered from the Bachelor of Medicine five-year program over two academic years for four IAPP examinations, each being 40 minutes with (K = 60 items) based on 440 students revealed consistently strong reliability coefficients (Cronbach alpha) of up to 0.923. Applying Blooms taxonomy to questions has shown a marked shift resulting in an increase in the complexity level being tested; between 2009 and 2013 a reduction of 26% in the number of low level "remember knowledge" domain questions was noted with up to an increase of 15% in "understanding" domain and 12% increase in the "applying" knowledge domain. Our findings highlight that it is possible to test, based in a laboratory, anatomy knowledge and application that is integrated and fit for practice. Anat Sci Educ. © 2014 American Association of Anatomists
Implementation of an education-focused PhD program in anatomy and cell biology at Indiana University: Lessons learned and future challenges

In 2008, the Indiana University School of Medicine, in collaboration with the School of Education, admitted its first student to a newly approved PhD program in Anatomy and Cell Biology focusing on educational research rather than biomedical research. The goal of the program is twofold: (1) to provide students with extensive training in all of the anatomical disciplines coupled with sufficient teaching experience to assume major educational responsibilities upon graduation and (2) to train students to conduct rigorous medical education research and other scholarly work necessary for promotion and tenure. The 90 credit hour curriculum consists of biomedical courses taught within the School of Medicine and education courses taught within the School of Education, including courses in health sciences pedagogy, curriculum development, learning theory, quantitative, and qualitative research methods, statistics, and electives. To date, 16 students have entered the program, seven have passed their qualifying examinations, and five have earned their PhD degrees. Four students have received national recognition for their educational research and four graduates have obtained faculty appointments. Going forward, we must adapt the program's biomedical course requirements to incorporate the new integrated curriculum of the medical school, and we must secure additional funding to support more students. Overcoming these challenges will enable us to continue producing a small but stable supply of doctoral-level anatomy educators for a growing academic market
Pulling my gut out-simple tools for engaging students in gross anatomy lectures

A lecture is not necessarily a monologue, promoting only passive learning. If appropriate techniques are used, a lecture can stimulate active learning too. One such method is demonstration, which can engage learners' attention and increase the interaction between the lecturer and the learners. This article describes two simple and useful tools for demonstration during gross anatomy lectures. One is an apron for demonstrating midgut rotation and the other is a simple "human" model for demonstrating the relationship between the uterus and the peritoneum. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.postprin
How the distinctive cultures of osteopathic and allopathic medical schools affect the careers, perceptions, and institutional efforts of their anatomy faculties: A qualitative case study of two schools

Anatomy faculties are integral to basic science instruction in medical schools, particularly given the preponderance of anatomic instruction in the preclinical curriculum. Recent years have witnessed major curricular restructuring and other emerging national trends that pose significant challenges to anatomists. An examination of anatomy faculty perceptions at two philosophically distinct medical schools within this shifting climate provides an indicator of how different institutional characteristics may impact anatomy instruction and other faculty responsibilities. Semistructured interviews of anatomy faculty from a large, well-established allopathic medical school (Indiana University School of Medicine) and a small, new osteopathic medical school (Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine) were explored using qualitative thematic analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Institutional philosophies, such as affiliation with osteopathic versus allopathic medicine, have minimal impact on how the anatomical sciences are taught. (2) Differences in anatomy faculty experiences at these two institutions are largely driven by the institution's size and history. There is a disparity between institutions in the relative importance of teaching and research, but an ability to do research is important for both faculties. (3) Anatomy instruction and research agendas are driven by personal philosophies and interests rather than institutional philosophy. (4) Autonomy is highly valued by anatomists at both institutions. All the participants share a devotion to educating future physicians. In fact, this study identified more similarities than differences in these two faculties. Finally, we argue that shared educational resources and research collaborations can improve anatomy education and faculty development at both institutions. Anat Sci Educ. © 2015 American Association of Anatomists
Can medical students accurately predict their learning? A study comparing perceived and actual performance in neuroanatomy

It is important that clinicians are able to adequately assess their level of knowledge and competence in order to be safe practitioners of medicine. The medical literature contains numerous examples of poor self-assessment accuracy amongst medical students over a range of subjects however this ability in neuroanatomy has yet to be observed. Second year medical students attending neuroanatomy revision sessions at the University of Southampton and the competitors of the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition were asked to rate their level of knowledge in neuroanatomy. The responses from the former group were compared to performance on a ten item multiple choice question examination and the latter group were compared to their performance within the competition. In both cohorts, self-assessments of perceived level of knowledge correlated weakly to their performance in their respective objective knowledge assessments (r = 0.30 and r = 0.44). Within the NUNC, this correlation improved when students were instead asked to rate their performance on a specific examination within the competition (spotter, rS = 0.68; MCQ, rS = 0.58). Despite its inherent difficulty, medical student self-assessment accuracy in neuroanatomy is comparable to other subjects within the medical curriculum. Anat Sci Educ.\ud
(c) 2016 American Association of Anatomists
A new dynamic 3D virtual methodology for teaching the mechanics of atrial septation as seen in the human heart.

International audienceLearning embryology remains difficult, since it requires understanding of many complex phenomena. The temporal evolution of developmental events has classically been illustrated using cartoons, which create difficulty in linking spatial and temporal aspects, such correlation being the keystone of descriptive embryology. We synthesized the bibliographic data from recent studies of atrial septal development. On the basis of this synthesis, consensus on the stages of atrial septation as seen in the human heart has been reached by a group of experts in cardiac embryology and pediatric cardiology. This has permitted the preparation of three-dimensional (3D) computer graphic objects for the anatomical components involved in the different stages of normal human atrial septation. We have provided a virtual guide to the process of normal atrial septation, the animation providing an appreciation of the temporal and morphologic events necessary to separate the systemic and pulmonary venous returns. We have shown that our animations of normal human atrial septation increase significantly the teaching of the complex developmental processes involved, and provide a new dynamic for the process of learning. Anat Sci Ed 2:69-77, 2009. (c) 2009 American Association of Anatomists
A context vector model for information retrieval

In the vector space model for information retrieval, term vectors are pair-wise orthogonal, that is, terms are assumed to be independent. It is well known that this assumption is too restrictive. In this article, we present our work on an indexing and retrieval method that, based on the vector space model, incorporates term dependencies and thus obtains semantically richer representations of documents. First, we generate term context vectors based on the co-occurrence of terms in the same documents. These vectors are used to calculate context vectors for documents. We present different techniques for estimating the dependencies among terms. We also define term weights that can be employed in the model. Experimental results on four text collections (MED, CRANFIELD, CISI, and CACM) show that the incorporation of term dependencies in the retrieval process performs statistically significantly better than the classical vector space model with IDF weights. We also show that the degree of semantic matching versus direct word matching that performs best varies on the four collections. We conclude that the model performs well for certain types of queries and, generally, for information tasks with high recall requirements. Therefore, we propose the use of the context vector model in combination with other, direct word-matching methods.Publicad
Incorporating user search behaviour into relevance feedback

In this paper we present five user experiments on incorporating behavioural information into the relevance feedback process. In particular we concentrate on ranking terms for query expansion and selecting new terms to add to the user's query. Our experiments are an attempt to widen the evidence used for relevance feedback from simply the relevant documents to include information on how users are searching. We show that this information can lead to more successful relevance feedback techniques. We also show that the presentation of relevance feedback to the user is important in the success of relevance feedback
A framework for understanding user requirements for an information service : defining the needs of informal carers

This journal article was accepted for publication in the Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology [© American Society for Information Science and Technology], and the definitive published version is available at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117946195/grouphome/home.htmlThe aim of this research was to develop a conceptual framework that would help to\ud
collect and understand the information needs of a target community. Many information\ud
behaviour frameworks already exist, however; although they share some features, they\ud
tend to focus on different aspects of the person and their interaction with information. It\ud
was proposed that a synthesis of these frameworks could lead to a comprehensive\ud
framework. Previous research was analysed and an initial framework defined. This was\ud
piloted and adapted and then applied to data on informal carers. This led to further\ud
adaptation. Informal carers are people who care for another person, generally a relative,\ud
for more than fourteen hours per week and are not paid for this. The data stemmed from\ud
2\ud
sixty interviews that were transcribed and coded. This paper presents the data on\ud
informal carers and their information experience using the final framework. This serves\ud
to demonstrate how the framework sensitizes the researcher to certain types of significant\ud
data, enables the organization of the data, indicates the relationships between different\ud
types of data and, overall, helps to provide a rich picture of the target community’s\ud
information needs. In conclusion the paper discusses the differences and advantages of\ud
the framework in relation to previous work and also the limitations of the study and\ud
possible further research
The Impact of Impermanent Web-Located Citations: A Study of Scholarly Conference Publications

This paper reports on research that examined the viable nature of 1068 Web-located citations in 123 academic conference papers published between 1995 and 2003. The study appears to be one of the few but increasing number of investigations that examines the growing practice of authors citing URLs in their publications to support and argue their scholarly research. The research found that some 46% of all citations to Web-located sources could not be accessed- with the HTTP 404 message (61.5%) being the greatest cause of missing citations. Collectively, the missing citations accounted for 22.0% of all citations, which represents a significant reduction in the theoretical knowledge base underpinning many scholarly articles. Furthermore, this paper argues that the consequences of disappearing Web-located citations has led to diminished opportunities for future researchers to examination the underlaying foundations of discourse and argument in scholarly articles
Using top-ranking sentences to facilitate effective information access

Web searchers typically fail to view search results beyond the first page nor fully examine those results presented to them. In this article we describe an approach that encourages a deeper examination of the contents of the document set retrieved in response to a searcher's query. The approach shifts the focus of perusal and interaction away from potentially uninformative document surrogates (such as titles, sentence fragments, and URLs) to actual document content, and uses this content to drive the information seeking process. Current search interfaces assume searchers examine results document-by-document. In contrast our approach extracts, ranks, and presents the contents of the top-ranked document set. We use query-relevant top-ranking sentences extracted from the top documents at retrieval time as fine-grained representations of top-ranked document content and, when combined in a ranked list, an overview of these documents. The interaction of the searcher provides implicit evidence that is used to reorder the sentences where appropriate. We evaluate our approach in three separate user studies, each applying these sentences in a different way. The findings of these studies show that top-ranking sentences can facilitate effective information access
A library or just another information resource? A case study of users' mental models of traditional and digital libraries.

A user's understanding of the libraries they work in, and hence of what they can do in those libraries, is encapsulated in their “mental models” of those libraries. In this article, we present a focused case study of users' mental models of traditional and digital libraries based on observations and interviews with eight participants. It was found that a poor understanding of access restrictions led to risk-averse behavior, whereas a poor understanding of search algorithms and relevance ranking resulted in trial-and-error behavior. This highlights the importance of rich feedback in helping users to construct useful mental models. Although the use of concrete analogies for digital libraries was not widespread, participants used their knowledge of Internet search engines to infer how searching might work in digital libraries. Indeed, most participants did not clearly distinguish between different kinds of digital resource, viewing the electronic library catalogue, abstracting services, digital libraries, and Internet search engines as variants on a theme