pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A kinematic and dynamic comparison of surface and underwater displacement in high level monofin swimming

International audienceFin-swimming performance can be divided into underwater and surface water races. World records are about 10% faster for underwater swimming vs. surface swimming, but little is known about the advantage of underwater swimming for monofin swimming. Some authors reported that the air-water interface influences the kinematics and leads to a narrow vertical amplitude of the fin. On the one hand, surface swimming is expected to affect drag parameters (cross-sectional area (S) and active drag (AD)) when compared to underwater swimming. On the other hand, the surface swimming technique may also affect efficiency (η). The aim of this study is therefore to evaluate and compare drag parameters and efficiency during underwater and surface swimming. To this end, 12 international level monofin swimmers were measured during both underwater and surface swimming. Kinematic parameters (both dimensional and non-dimensional), η (calculated according to the Elongated-Body Theory), and AD (computed with Velocity Perturbation Method) were calculated for an underwater and a surface fin-swimming trial, performed at maximal speed. As expected, results showed significantly lower velocities during surface swimming vs. underwater ( = 2.5 m.s vs. = 2.36 m.s, < .01). Velocities during underwater and surface swimming were strongly correlated ( = .97, < .01). Underwater swimming was also associated with higher vertical amplitudes of the fin compared to surface swimming ( = 0.55 m vs. = 0.46 m, < .01). Length-specific amplitudes (A/L) were in the order of 20% during underwater swimming as for undulating fish, and significantly higher than during surface swimming (A/L = 17%, < .01). Efficiency for surface swimming was about 6% lower than for underwater swimming ( = 0.79 vs. = 0.74, < .01). This decrease could be associated with an increase in swimming frequency for surface swimming ( = 2.15 Hz vs. = 2.08 Hz, < .01). Active drag during surface swimming was about 7% higher than for underwater swimming ( = 78.9 N vs. = 84.7 N, < .01). A significantly smaller cross-sectional area for surface swimming ( = 0.053 m vs. = 0.044 m, < .01) and higher drag coefficient for surface swimming ( = 0.47 vs. = 0.69, < .01) were measured. Finally, correlation between cross-sectional area and vertical amplitude of the fin was reported for both underwater and surface swimming. These results suggest that the performance improvement during underwater swimming is not only linked to a wave drag reduction effect but also to a specific swimming technique due to the free surface
Solving a real-time allocation problem with constraint programming

International audienceIn this paper, we present an original approach (CPRTA for "Constraint Programming for solving Real-Time Allocation") based on constraint programming to solve a static allocation problem of hard real-time tasks. This problem consists in assigning periodic tasks to distributed processors in the context of fixed priority preemptive scheduling. CPRTA is built on dynamic constraint programming together with a learning method to find a feasible processor allocation under constraints. Two efficient new approaches are proposed and validated with experimental results. Moreover, CPRTA exhibits very interesting properties. It is complete (if a problem has no solution, the algorithm is able to prove it); it is non-parametric (it does not require specific tuning) thus allowing a large diversity of models to be easily considered. Finally, thanks to its capacity to explain failures, it offers attractive perspectives for guiding the architectural design process
Precambrian protoliths and Early Paleozoic magmatism in the French Massif Central: U–Pb data and the North Gondwana connection in the west European Variscan belt

International audienceU–Pb geochronological data were collected on zircon by LA-MC-ICP-MS on orthogneiss and paragneiss from the Limousin area in the French Massif Central (FMC), in order to investigate the connection between the west European Variscan belt and the northern margin of Gondwana. Fifteen samples were collected in the four main tectonostratigraphic units of the FMC, namely: the Para-Autochthonous Unit, the Lower Gneiss Unit (LGU), the Upper Gneiss Unit (UGU) and the Thiviers–Payzac Unit. Orthogneiss yield intrusion age between 521 ± 7 and 446 ± 6 Ma. Considering all the results from both magmatic and metasedimentary samples, two peaks at 531 and 473 Ma are recognized. Rifting processes taking place along the North Gondwana margin during the Lower Paleozoic went on until the end of the Ordovician, as suggested by the magmatic event recorded around 450 Ma. Several maximum depositional ages were ascertained in the metasedimentary formations of the FMC, as determined by the youngest detected detrital zircon crystal, ranging from 604 ± 16 Ma for metasediments of the Para-Autochthonous unit, 573 ± 12 Ma for the LGU, 564 ± 9 Ma for the Thiviers–Payzac Unit, and 523 ± 4 Ma in the UGU. Minimum depositional ages are given by magmatic emplacement ages obtained in the crosscutting orthogneiss. There is some evidence for a decrease of this maximum age upwards in the tectonostratigraphy. Detrital zircon in metasedimentary formations and inherited zircon in orthogneiss display a wide spectrum of ages with significant peaks at around 590 Ma and 560 Ma. Archean, Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic detrital zircons suggest a West African craton source of the sedimentation. The large amount of Neoproterozoic and Lower Paleozoic ages obtained in this study suggests that these periods played a significant role in the continental crustal growth history of Western Europe
Gigantism among Late Jurassic limulids: New ichnological evidence from the Causses Basin (Lozère, France) and comments on body-size evolution among horseshoe crabs

International audienceAn abundant ichnological material composed of xiphosuran trackways and isolated traces was discovered in Upper Jurassic limestones from the Causses Basin (Causse Méjean, Lozère, France). The morphology of the imprints supports their identification as Kouphichnium isp. In contrast to the most frequent case, the trackways are composed of omnipresent pusher imprints sometime associated with leg traces, but with no telson mark. We argue that this pattern reflects actual surface traces rather than an incomplete set of undertracks. The size distribution of the sampled ichnites is broadly bimodal. This is best explained by sexual dimorphism, a phenomenon frequently observed in modern xiphosurans. Analysis of the trace fossils further suggests that several growth stages are recorded and that the horseshoe crabs were walking in a protected and flat environment like a lagoon. This area, certainly close to a mating ground, was occasionally affected by a continental influence. The biometric study of the tracks suggests a gigantic size for the trackmakers whose body may have reached 84 cm in length. This discovery complements the few reports on other gigantic horseshoe crabs in the Jurassic of Western Europe, thus casting doubt on the postulated increase in body size from the Palaeozoic to the Recent. Furthermore, a literature review shows that there are still major gaps in the record of limulid body-fossils and tracks. Thus, neither of these archives can be taken at face value for quantifying the body-size evolution of horseshoe crabs
Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Organic Solar Cells

In this article, we continue our mathematical study of organic solar cells (OSCs) and propose a two-scale (micro- and macro-scale) model of heterojunction OSCs with interface geometries characterized by an arbitrarily complex morphology. The microscale model consists of a system of partial and ordinary differential equations in an heterogeneous domain, that provides a full description of excitation/transport phenomena occurring in the bulk regions and dissociation/recombination processes occurring in a thin material slab across the interface. The macroscale model is obtained by a micro-to-macro scale transition that consists of averaging the mass balance equations in the normal direction across the interface thickness, giving rise to nonlinear transmission conditions that are parametrized by the interfacial width. These conditions account in a lumped manner for the volumetric dissociation/recombination phenomena occurring in the thin slab and depend locally on the electric field magnitude and orientation. Using the macroscale model in two spatial dimensions, device structures with complex interface morphologies, for which existing data are available, are numerically investigated showing that, if the electric field orientation relative to the interface is taken into due account, the device performance is determined not only by the total interface length but also by its shape
Thick (~1 mm) p-type In x Ga 1–x N(x ~ 0.36) grown by MOVPE at a low temperature (~570 8C)

This paper reports the post-growth annealing effects of low-
temperature grown Mg-doped InGaN. By using MOVPE,
1 mm-thick Mg-doped In x Ga 1–x N (x ~ 0.36) flms are grown at
570 8C. In order to activate the Mg acceptors, grown samples
are treated by the conventional furnace annealing (FA) or the
rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In the case of the FA at 650 8C
for 20 min, the InGaN flm is phase-separated. On the other
hand, the RTA at a temperature higher than 700 8C enables us
to get p-type samples. By using the RTA at 850 for 20 s, p-type
samples with a hole concentration 10 18 –10 19 cm -3 are
successfully obtained without phase separation
Photoionization cross sections and asymmetry parameters for ethanol. A theoretical study

Producción CientíficaPhotoionization cross-sections and asymmetry parameters for the outermost orbital of ethanol has been determined with the Molecular Quantum Defect Orbital (MQDO) method. The individual ionization cross-sections corresponding to the Rydberg series that constitute the ionization channels for the production of the molecular cation in its ground state are reported. Good agreement has been found with the experiment for the photoionization cross-sections. To our knowledge, predictions of the asymmetry parameter for the ethanol are made here for the first time. It is hoped the MQDO data will be useful in combustion chemistry and astrophysics.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Structural asymmetries of the human cerebellum in relation to cerebral cortical asymmetries and handedness

Contains fulltext :
                  175106.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)There is evidence that the human cerebellum is involved not only in motor control but also in other cognitive functions. Several studies have shown that language-related activation is lateralized toward the right cerebellar hemisphere in most people, in accordance with leftward cerebral cortical lateralization for language and a general contralaterality of cerebral-cerebellar activations. In terms of behavior, hand use elicits asymmetrical activation in the cerebellum, while hand preference is weakly associated with language lateralization. However, it is not known how, or whether, these functional relations are reflected in anatomy. We investigated volumetric gray matter asymmetries of cerebellar lobules in an MRI data set comprising 2226 subjects. We tested these cerebellar asymmetries for associations with handedness, and for correlations with cerebral cortical anatomical asymmetries of regions important for language or hand motor control, as defined by two different automated image analysis methods and brain atlases, and supplemented with extensive visual quality control. No significant associations of cerebellar asymmetries to handedness were found. Some significant associations of cerebellar lobular asymmetries to cerebral cortical asymmetries were found, but none of these correlations were greater than 0.14, and they were mostly method-/atlas-dependent. On the basis of this large and highly powered study, we conclude that there is no overt structural manifestation of cerebellar functional lateralization and connectivity, in respect of hand motor control or language laterality
Measuring the influence of concept detection on video retrieval

There is an increasing emphasis on including  semantic concept detection as part of video retrieval.  This represents a modality for retrieval quite different from metadata-based and keyframe similarity-based approaches.  One of the premises on which the success of this is based, is that good quality detection is available in order to guarantee retrieval quality. But how good does the feature\ud
detection actually need to be?  Is it possible to achieve good retrieval quality, even with poor quality concept detection and if so then what is the 'tipping point' below which detection accuracy proves not to be beneficial? In\ud
this paper we explore this question using a collection of rushes video where we artificially vary the quality of detection of semantic features and we study the impact on the  resulting retrieval. Our results show that the impact of improving or degrading performance of concept detectors is not directly reflected  as retrieval performance and this raises interesting questions about how accurate concept\ud
detection really needs to be
Using visual lifelogs to automatically characterise everyday activities

Visual lifelogging is the term used to describe recording our everyday lives using wearable cameras, for applications which are personal to us and do not involve sharing our recorded data. Current applications of visual lifelogging are built around remembrance or searching for specific events from the past. The purpose of the work reported here is to extend this to allow us to characterise and measure the occurrence of everyday activities of the wearer and in so doing to gain insights into the wearer's everyday behaviour.\ud
The methods we use are to capture everyday activities using a  wearable camera called SenseCam, and to use  an algorithm we have developed which indexes lifelog images by the occurrence of basic semantic concepts. We then use data reduction techniques to   automatically generate a profile of the wearer's everyday behaviour and activities. Our algorithm has been evaluated on a large set of concepts investigated  from 13 users in a user experiment, and for a group of 16 popular everyday activities we achieve an average F-score of 0.90.\ud
Our conclusions are that the the  technique we have presented for unobtrusively and ambiently characterising  everyday behaviour and activities across individuals is of sufficient accuracy to be usable in a range of applications
Improved phase estimation based on complete bispectrum and modified group delay

In this paper, a new method for extracting the system phase from the bispectrum13; of the system output has been proposed. This is based on the complete bispectral data13; computed in the frequency domain and modified group delay. The frequency domain13; bispectrum computation improves the frequency resolution and the modified group delay13; reduces the variance preserving the frequency resolution. The use of full bispectral data13; also reduces the variance as it is used for averaging. For the proposed method at a signal13; to noise ratio of 5dB, the reduction in root mean square error is in the range of 1.5 to 713; times over the other methods considered
Structure of 55Sc and development of the N=34 subshell closure

The low-lying structure of $^{55}$Sc has been investigated using in-beam
$\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with the $^{9}$Be($^{56}$Ti,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$
one-proton removal and $^{9}$Be($^{55}$Sc,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$
inelastic-scattering reactions at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory.
Transitions with energies of 572(4), 695(5), 1539(10), 1730(20), 1854(27),
2091(19), 2452(26), and 3241(39) keV are reported, and a level scheme has been
constructed using $\gamma\gamma$ coincidence relationships and $\gamma$-ray
relative intensities. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model
calculations in the $sd$-$pf$ model space, which account for positive-parity
states from proton-hole cross-shell excitations, and to it ab initio
shell-model calculations from the in-medium similarity renormalization group
that includes three-nucleon forces explicitly. The results of proton-removal
reaction theory with the eikonal model approach were adopted to aid
identification of positive-parity states in the level scheme; experimental
counterparts of theoretical $1/2^{+}_{1}$ and $3/2^{+}_{1}$ states are
suggested from measured decay patterns. The energy of the first $3/2^{-}$
state, which is sensitive to the neutron shell gap at the Fermi surface, was
determined. The result indicates a rapid weakening of the $N=34$ subshell
closure in $pf$-shell nuclei at $Z>20$, even when only a single proton occupies
the $\pi f_{7/2}$ orbital
Development and deployment of a microfluidic platform for water quality monitoring

There is an increasing demand for autonomous sensor devices which can provide reliable data on key water quality parameters at a higher temporal and geographical resolution than is achievable using current approaches to sampling and monitoring. Microfluidic technology, in combination with rapid and on-going developments in the area of wireless communications, has significant potential to address this demand due to a number of advantageous features which allow the development of compact, low-cost and low-powered analytical devices. Here we report on the development of a microfluidic platform for water quality monitoring. This system has been successfully applied to in-situ monitoring of phosphate in environmental and wastewater monitoring applications. We describe a number of the technical and practical issues encountered and addressed during these deployments and summarise the current status of the technology
Laminar flow of a gas in a tube with large temperature differences.

The laminar low Mach number flow of a gas in a tube is analyzed for very small and very large values of the inlet-to-wall temperature ratio. When this ratio tends to zero, pressure forces confine the cold gas to a thin core around the axis of the tube. This core is neatly bounded by an ablation front that consumes it at a finite distance from the tube inlet. When the temperature ratio tends to infinity, the temperature of the gas increases smoothly from the wall to the axis of the tube and the shear stress and heat flux are positive at the wall despite the fact that the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the gas scaled with their inlet values tend to zero at the wal
Depth dependent lattice disorder and strain in Mn-implanted and post-annealed InAs thin films

The lattice order degree and the strain in as-grown, Mn-implanted and post-implantedannealedInAsthinfilms were investigated with depth resolution by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling conditions (RBS/C). Three main crystallographic axes were analyzed for both In and As sublattices. The behaviour of the induced defects was evaluated in two regions with different native defects: the interface and the surface. The results show that Mn implantation and post-implantation annealing are anisotropic processes, affecting in a different way the In and As sublattices. The mechanisms influencing the enhancement and deterioration of the crystal quality during the implantation are discussed in relation to the as-grown defects and the segregation of the element
Nanoinformatics knowledge infrastructures: bringing efficient information management to nanomedical research

Nanotechnology represents an area of particular promise and significant opportunity across multiple scientific disciplines. Ongoing nanotechnology research ranges from the characterization of nanoparticles and nanomaterials to the analysis and processing of experimental data seeking correlations between nanoparticles and their functionalities and side effects. Due to their special properties, nanoparticles are suitable for cellular-level diagnostics and therapy, offering numerous applications in medicine, e.g. development of biomedical devices, tissue repair, drug delivery systems and biosensors. In nanomedicine, recent studies are producing large amounts of structural and property data, highlighting the role for computational approaches in information management. While in vitro and in vivo assays are expensive, the cost of computing is falling. Furthermore, improvements in the accuracy of computational methods (e.g. data mining, knowledge discovery, modeling and simulation) have enabled effective tools to automate the extraction, management and storage of these vast data volumes. Since this information is widely distributed, one major issue is how to locate and access data where it resides (which also poses data-sharing limitations). The novel discipline of nanoinformatics addresses the information challenges related to nanotechnology research. In this paper, we summarize the needs and challenges in the field and present an overview of extant initiatives and efforts
Technical evolution of 3d modular construction from the nineteenth century to world war II

3D Modular construction is poorly known and scarcely published in technical literature. In spite of that there are an increasing number of manufacturers offering their products in different countries. This method has largely evolved from early examples such as the American Gold Rush prefabrication in the nineteenth century, the Sears precut homes or Voisin´s prototypes for modular homes, to the end of the first half of the twentieth century. In this period a non negligible number of attempts in 3D modular construction have been carried out, ranging from theoretical proposals to several hundred or thousand units produced. Selected examples of modular architecture will be analyses in order to illustrate its technical evolution, concerning materials, structure, transportation and on site assembly. Success and failure factors of the different systems will be discussed. Conclusions about building criteria shown in them and their applicability in current architecture will be drawn
Translating bus information into sign language for deaf people

This paper describes the application of language translation technologies for generating bus information in Spanish Sign Language (LSE: Lengua de Signos Española). In this work, two main systems have been developed: the first for translating text messages from information panels and the second for translating spoken Spanish into natural conversations at the information point of the bus company. Both systems are made up of a natural language translator (for converting a word sentence into a sequence of LSE signs), and a 3D avatar animation module (for playing back the signs). For the natural language translator, two technological approaches have been analyzed and integrated: an example-based strategy and a statistical translator. When translating spoken utterances, it is also necessary to incorporate a speech recognizer for decoding the spoken utterance into a word sequence, prior to the language translation module. This paper includes a detailed description of the field evaluation carried out in this domain. This evaluation has been carried out at the customer information office in Madrid involving both real bus company employees and deaf people. The evaluation includes objective measurements from the system and information from questionnaires. In the field evaluation, the whole translation presents an SER (Sign Error Rate) of less than 10% and a BLEU greater than 90%