pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The C-Terminal Domain of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5 Promotes Start Codon Recognition by Its Dynamic Interplay with eIF1 and eIF2β

SummaryRecognition of the proper start codon on mRNAs is essential for protein synthesis, which requires scanning and involves eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) eIF1, eIF1A, eIF2, and eIF5. The carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of eIF5 stimulates 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly; however, its precise role in scanning and start codon selection has remained unknown. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we identified the binding sites of eIF1 and eIF2β on eIF5-CTD and found that they partially overlapped. Mutating select eIF5 residues in the common interface specifically disrupts interaction with both factors. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that these eIF5-CTD mutations impair start codon recognition and impede eIF1 release from the PIC by abrogating eIF5-CTD binding to eIF2β. This study provides mechanistic insight into the role of eIF5-CTD's dynamic interplay with eIF1 and eIF2β in switching PICs from an open to a closed state at start codons
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions

AbstractA search for squarks and gluinos in events containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in 1.04  fb−1 of data. Gluino and squark masses below 700 GeV and 875 GeV respectively are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion limit increases to 1075 GeV for squarks and gluinos of equal mass. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tanβ=10, A0=0 and μ>0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 950 GeV. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements
Generating Ideas on Online Platforms: A Case Study of “My Starbucks Idea”

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to explore the factors that are keys for an idea to be implemented on an online crowdsourcing platform. A data set of 320 implemented ideas from My Starbucks Idea – an online crowdsourcing platform – has been analyzed. We find that only one out of 500 users’ submitted ideas are selected for implementation. The number of implemented ideas increases significantly at the early stage of the platform. At the mature stage, even though an increasing number of ideas are submitted, implemented ideas are proportionately low. Among the three categories of ideas – product, experience, and involvement – ideas of the product category are implemented with lower values of some associated variables than that of the experience category whereas those values in the involvement category are higher. Linked ideas need lower scores than sole ideas to get implemented. The chance that an idea to be implemented largely depends on votes received by and points earned on that idea
Estimation of demand diversity and daily demand profile for off-grid electrification in developing countries

AbstractThe potential for small self-contained grid systems to provide electricity for currently unserved regions of the developing world is widely recognised. However planning and managing the electrical demand that will be supported, so that a mini-grid system is not overloaded and its available resource is used as fully as possible, is actually more difficult than for a large scale grid system. This paper discusses the mathematical reasons why this is the case, and describes a practical software tool for mini-grid demand estimation and planning that is complementary to the widely used HOMER software. This software tool is made available for download on an open source basis. Finally a conclusion is offered that mini-grid systems should aim to serve at least 50 households so that demand variability is more manageable and economies of scale can be realised
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier Protein SUMO Enables Plants to Control Growth Independently of the Phytohormone Gibberellin

SummaryPlants survive adverse conditions by modulating their growth in response to a changing environment. Gibberellins (GAs) play a key role in these adaptive responses by stimulating the degradation of growth-repressing DELLA proteins. GA binding to its receptor GID1 enables association of GID1 with DELLAs. This leads to the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of DELLAs and consequently growth promotion. We report that DELLA-dependent growth control can be regulated independently of GA. We demonstrate that when a proportion of DELLAs is conjugated to the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) protein, the extent of conjugation increases during stress. We identify a SUMO-interacting motif in GID1 and demonstrate that SUMO-conjugated DELLA binds to this motif in a GA-independent manner. The consequent sequestration of GID1 by SUMO-conjugated DELLAs leads to an accumulation of non-SUMOylated DELLAs, resulting in beneficial growth restraint during stress. We conclude that plants have developed a GA-independent mechanism to control growth
Revisiting GRACE Antarctic ice mass trends and accelerations considering autocorrelation

AbstractPrevious GRACE-derived ice mass trends and accelerations have almost entirely been based on an assumption that the residuals to a regression model (including also semi-annual, annual and tidal aliasing terms) are not serially correlated. We consider ice mass change time series for Antarctica and show that significant autocorrelation is, in fact, present. We examine power-law and autoregressive models and compare them to those that assume white (uncorrelated) noise. The data do not let us separate autoregressive and power-law models but both indicate that white noise uncertainties need to be scaled up by a factor of up to 4 for accelerations and 6 for linear rates, depending on length of observations and location. For the whole of Antarctica, East Antarctica and West Antarctica the scale factors are 1.5, 1.5 and 2.2 respectively for the trends and, for the accelerations, 1.5, 1.5 and 2.1. Substantially lower scale-factors are required for offshore time series, suggesting much of the time-correlation is related to continental mass changes. Despite the higher uncertainties, we find significant (2-sigma) accelerations over much of West Antarctica (overall increasing mass loss) and Dronning Maud Land (increasing mass gain) as well as a marginally significant acceleration for the ice sheet as a whole (increasing mass loss)
Generation of a replication-competent chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus carrying env from subtype C clinical isolate through intracellular homologous recombination

AbstractA new simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), carrying env from an uncloned HIV-1 subtype C clinical isolate (97ZA012), was generated through intracellular homologous recombination, a DNA repair mechanism of the host cell. PCR fragments amplified from an existing SHIV plasmid (a 7-kb fragment from the 5′ end and a 1.5-kb fragment from the 3′ end) and a 4-kb fragment amplified from 97ZA012 cDNA containing env were co-transfected to human lymphoid cells. The resulting recombinant was subjected to serial passage in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (RhPBMCs). The resulting SHIV 97ZA012 was replication competent in RhPBMCs and monkey alveolar macrophages, and possessed CCR5 preference as an entry co-receptor. Experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SHIV 97ZA012 caused high titers of plasma viremia and a transient but profound depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lung. Animal-to-animal passage was shown to be a promising measure for further adaptation of the virus in monkeys
(BPS) Fayet–Iliopoulos terms in 5D orbifold SUGRA

AbstractWe discuss Fayet–Iliopoulos terms in the context of five-dimensional supergravity compactified on an orbifold. For this purpose we use our superfield formulation of the off-shell 5D SUGRA. In the case of tuned FI terms, contrary to other claims, we find BPS solutions which ensure that N=1 supersymmetry is unbroken also in warped geometries. As in the rigid case, the FI terms induce odd masses for charged hypermultiplets, leading to the (de)localisation of the KK wave-functions near the fix-point branes. In the case of ungauged U(1)R symmetry, we present also supersymmetric warped solutions in the presence of non-trivial profiles of charged hyperscalars
Ideals of quasi-symmetric functions and super-covariant polynomials for Sn

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study the quotient ring Rn of the ring Q[x1,…,xn] over the ideal Jn generated by non-constant homogeneous quasi-symmetric functions. This article is a sequel of Aval and Bergeron (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear), in which we investigated the case of infinitely many variables. We prove here that the dimension of Rn is given by Cn, the nth Catalan number. This is also the dimension of the space SHn of super-covariant polynomials, defined as the orthogonal complement of Jn with respect to a given scalar product. We construct a basis for Rn whose elements are naturally indexed by Dyck paths. This allows us to understand the Hilbert series of SHn in terms of number of Dyck paths with a given number of factors
Tracking timescales of short-term precursors to large basaltic fissure eruptions through Fe–Mg diffusion in olivine

AbstractPetrological constraints on the timescales of pre-eruptive crystal storage and magma degassing provide an important framework for the interpretation of seismic, geodetic and gas monitoring data in volcanically active regions. We have used Fe–Mg diffusion chronometry in 86 olivine macrocrysts from the AD 1783–1784 Laki eruption on Iceland's Eastern Volcanic Zone to characterise timescales of crystal storage and transport in the lead-up to this eruption. The majority of these olivines have core compositions of Fo<76, and rim compositions in the range Fo69–Fo74 that are close to equilibrium with the Laki melt. Diffusion modelling using the greyscale intensity of backscattered electron images as a proxy for olivine composition reveals that the most probable Fe–Mg diffusion timescale for Laki olivines is 7.8 days, which reflects the characteristic olivine residence time in the carrier melt prior to eruption. A small population of Fo>81 olivines record Fe–Mg diffusion timescales of ∼124 days; these crystals are likely to have formed in mid-crustal magma chambers, been transferred to storage at shallower levels and then entrained into the Laki melt prior to eruption. Typical Fe–Mg diffusion timescales of 6–10 days are shorter than the average time interval between discrete episodes of the Laki eruption, indicating variable or pulsed disaggregation of stored crystals into the carrier liquid prior to the onset of each episode. The diffusion timescales coincide with historical accounts of strong and frequent earthquakes in southeast Iceland, which we interpret as being associated with mush disaggregation related to melt withdrawal and the initiation of dyke propagation from a crustal magma reservoir at ∼6±3 km depth to the surface. We calculate pre-eruptive CO2 fluxes of 2–6 Mt d−1, assuming a pre-eruptive CO2 outgassing budget of 189.6 Mt for the Laki eruption and a constant rate of CO2 release in the 6–10 days preceding each eruptive episode. Our dataset indicates that petrological constraints on the timescales of magmatic processes occurring in the days leading up to historic eruptions may enhance our ability to forecast the onset of future large eruptions, both in Iceland and further afield
Cycle frequency in standard Rock–Paper–Scissors games: Evidence from experimental economics

AbstractThe Rock–Paper–Scissors (RPS) game is a widely used model system in game theory. Evolutionary game theory predicts the existence of persistent cycles in the evolutionary trajectories of the RPS game, but experimental evidence has remained to be rather weak. In this work, we performed laboratory experiments on the RPS game and analyzed the social-state evolutionary trajectories of twelve populations of N=6 players. We found strong evidence supporting the existence of persistent cycles. The mean cycling frequency was measured to be 0.029±0.009 period per experimental round. Our experimental observations can be quantitatively explained by a simple non-equilibrium model, namely the discrete-time logit dynamical process with a noise parameter. Our work therefore favors the evolutionary game theory over the classical game theory for describing the dynamical behavior of the RPS game
Heavy-quark colorimetry of QCD matter

AbstractWe consider propagation of heavy quarks in QCD matter. Because of large quark mass, the radiative quark energy loss appears to be qualitatively different from that of light quarks at all energies of practical importance. Finite quark mass effects lead to an in-medium enhancement of the heavy-to-light D/π ratio at moderately large (5–10 GeV) transverse momenta. For hot QCD matter a large enhancement is expected, whose magnitude and shape are exponentially sensitive to the density of colour charges in the medium
Anomalous WWγ couplings with beam polarization at the Compact Linear Collider

AbstractWe study the anomalous WWγ couplings at the Compact Linear Collider through the processes e+e−→W+W−, e−e+→e−γ⁎e+→e+νeW− and e−e+→e−γ⁎γ⁎e+→e−W+W−e+ (γ⁎ is the Weizsacker–Williams photon). We give the 95% confidence level limits for unpolarized and polarized electron (positron) beam on the anomalous couplings for various values of the integrated luminosities and center-of-mass energies. We show that the obtained limits on the anomalous couplings through these processes can highly improve the current experimental limits. In addition, our limits with beam polarization are approximately two times better than the unpolarized case
Overview of the radiographers’ practice in 65 healthcare centers using digital mammography systems in Portugal

Purpose: To assess current practices in digital mammography (DM) in Portuguese healthcare providers using digital systems. To investigate compliance with European standards regarding mean glandular dose and quality control practice and to identify optimisation needs. Methods: Two questionnaires, targeted at breast radiographers and chief radiographers, were designed and applied in 65 imaging departments offering DM. Questions fielded were focused on the staff profile and technical/clinical practice. Results: Prior to starting their activity in DM, 70% (82 out of 118) of the respondents received training in DM. The practice in 29 out of 59 providers was  established by the manufacturers’ recommendations for image acquisition.
Variations were observed between radiographers who belong to the same provider namely the selection of exposure parameters such as the target-filter combination and automatic mode. The use of the manual exposure mode was reported for imaging breast implants (44%) and surgical specimens (22%). The main causes of repeat examinations were skin folding (21%) and absence of pectoral muscle (PM) (20%). Conclusions: The study revealed opportunities to optimise radiographers’ practice in DM regarding the selection of exposure parameters. A robust and consistent training programme in DM and established local protocols can help to reduce the variations observed and improve clinical practice.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Multi-model cross-pollination in time

The predictive skill of complex models is rarely uniform in model-state space; in weather forecasting models, for example, the skill of the model can be greater in the regions of most interest to a particular operational agency than it is in “remote” regions of the globe. Given a collection of models, a multi-model forecast system using the cross-pollination in time approach can be generalized to take advantage of instances where some models produce forecasts with more information regarding specific components of the model-state than other models, systematically. This generalization is stated and then successfully demonstrated in a moderate (∼40) dimensional nonlinear dynamical system, suggested by Lorenz, using four imperfect models with similar global forecast skill. Applications to weather forecasting and in economic forecasting are discussed. Given that the relative importance of different phenomena in shaping the weather changes in latitude, changes in attitude among forecast centers in terms of the resources assigned to each phenomena are to be expected. The demonstration establishes that cross-pollinating elements of forecast trajectories enriches the collection of simulations upon which the forecast is built, and given the same collection of models can yield a new forecast system with significantly more skill than the original forecast system
VISION - Vienna survey in Orion I. VISTA Orion A Survey

Stefan Meingast, et al., ???VISION ??? Vienna survey in Orion???, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 587, March 2016. This version of record is available online at:https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2016/02/aa26100-15/aa26100-15.html ?? ESO, 2016Orion A hosts the nearest massive star factory, thus offering a unique opportunity to resolve the processes connected with the formation of both low- and high-mass stars. Here we present the most detailed and sensitive near-infrared (NIR) observations of the entire molecular cloud to date. With the unique combination of high image quality, survey coverage, and sensitivity, our NIR survey of Orion A aims at establishing a solid empirical foundation for further studies of this important cloud. In this first paper we present the observations, data reduction, and source catalog generation. To demonstrate the data quality, we present a first application of our catalog to estimate the number of stars currently forming inside Orion A and to verify the existence of a more evolved young foreground population. We used the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) to survey the entire Orion A molecular cloud in the NIR $J, H$, and $K_S$ bands, covering a total of $\sim$18.3 deg$^2$. We implemented all data reduction recipes independently of the ESO pipeline. Estimates of the young populations toward Orion A are derived via the $K_S$-band luminosity function. Our catalog (799995 sources) increases the source counts compared to the Two Micron All Sky Survey by about an order of magnitude. The 90% completeness limits are 20.4, 19.9, and 19.0 mag in $J, H$, and $K_S$, respectively. The reduced images have 20% better resolution on average compared to pipeline products. We find between 2300 and 3000 embedded objects in Orion A and confirm that there is an extended foreground population above the Galactic field, in agreement with previous work. The Orion A VISTA catalog represents the most detailed NIR view of the nearest massive star-forming region and provides a fundamental basis for future studies of star formation processes toward Orion
χc decays and the gluon component of the η′, η mesons.

The large mass of the η′ meson indicates that a sizeable gluon component is present in the meson wave function. However, the χc0 and χc2 decays to η′ mesons, which proceed via a purely gluonic intermediate state and we would therefore naïvely expect to be enhanced by such a component, are in fact relatively suppressed. We argue that this apparent contradiction may be resolved by a proper treatment of interference effects in the decay. In particular, by accounting for the destructive interference between the quark and gluon components of the η′ distribution function, in combination with a model for strange quark mass effects, we demonstrate that the observed χc(0,2)→η(′)η(′) branching ratios can be reproduced for a reasonable gluon component of the η′, η mesons
Further delineation of FKBP14-related Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a patient with early vascular complications and non-progressive kyphoscoliosis, and literature review

FKBP14-related Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an extremely rare recessive connective tissue disorder described for the first time in 2012 by Baumann and coworkers. The causal gene, FKBP14, encodes a member of the F506-binding family of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases. The paucity of patients described so far makes this disorder poorly defined at clinical level. Here, we report an additional pediatric patient, who is compound heterozygous for a recurrent and a novel FKBP14 mutation, and compare his phenotype with those available in literature. This evaluation confirms that kyphoscoliosis (either progressive or non-progressive), myopathy, joint hypermobility, and congenital hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed) are the typical features of the syndrome. Since the patient showed a severe cardiovascular event in childhood and atlantoaxial instability, this report expands the phenotype of the disorder and the allelic repertoire of FKBP14
The 2014-2017 outburst of the young star ASASSN-13db: A time-resolved
  picture of a very low-mass star between EXors and FUors

ASASSN-13db is a M5-type star with a protoplanetary disk, the lowest mass
star known to experience accretion outbursts. Since its discovery in 2013, it
has experienced two outbursts, the second of which started in November 2014 and
lasted until February 2017. We use high- and low-resolution spectroscopy and
time-resolved photometry from the ASAS-SN survey, the LCOGT and the Beacon
Observatory to study the lightcurve and the dynamical and physical properties
of the accretion flow. The 2014-2017 outburst lasted for nearly 800 days. A
4.15d period in the lightcurve likely corresponds to rotational modulation of a
star with hot spot(s). The spectra show multiple emission lines with variable
inverse P-Cygni profiles and a highly variable blueshifted absorption below the
continuum. Line ratios from metallic emission lines (Fe I/Fe II, Ti I/Ti II)
suggest temperatures of $\sim$5800-6000 K in the accretion flow.
Photometrically and spectroscopically, the 2014-2017 event displays an
intermediate behavior between EXors and FUors. The accretion rate
(\.{M}=1-3$\times$10$^{-7}$M$_\odot$/yr), about 2 orders of magnitude higher
than the accretion rate in quiescence, is not significantly different from the
accretion rate observed in 2013. The absorption features in the spectra suggest
that the system is viewed at a high angle and drives a powerful,
non-axisymmetric wind, maybe related to magnetic reconnection. The properties
of ASASSN-13db suggest that temperatures lower than those for solar-type stars
are needed for modeling accretion in very low-mass systems. Finally, the
rotational modulation during the outburst reveals that accretion-related
structures settled after the begining of the outburst and can be relatively
stable and long-lived. Our work also demonstrates the power of time-resolved
photometry and spectroscopy to explore the properties of variable and
outbursting stars. (Abridged).Comment: A&A in press. 19 pages plus appendix. Revised version: corrected for
  typo
"Induced" N=4 conformal supergravity

We consider an abelian N=4 super Yang-Mills theory coupled to background N=4
conformal supergravity fields. At the classical level, this coupling is
invariant under global SU(1,1) transformation of the complex ("dilaton-axion")
supergravity scalar combined with an on-shell vector-vector duality. We compute
the divergent part of the corresponding quantum effective action found by
integrating over the super Yang-Mills fields and demonstrate its SU(1,1)
invariance. This divergent part related to the conformal anomaly is one-loop
exact and should be given by the N=4 conformal supergravity action containing
the Weyl tensor squared term. This allows us to determine the full non-linear
form of the bosonic part of the N=4 conformal supergravity action which has
manifest SU(1,1) invariance.Comment: 13 pages. v2: minor misprints corrected; v3: note added about missed
  terms in the actio