pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spatio-temporal patterns driven by autocatalytic internal reaction noise

The influence that intrinsic local density fluctuations can have on solutions
of mean-field reaction-diffusion models is investigated numerically by means of
the spatial patterns arising from two species that react and diffuse in the
presence of strong internal reaction noise. The dynamics of the Gray-Scott (GS)
model with constant external source is first cast in terms of a continuum field
theory representing the corresponding master equation. We then derive a
Langevin description of the field theory and use these stochastic differential
equations in our simulations. The nature of the multiplicative noise is
specified exactly without recourse to assumptions and turns out to be of the
same order as the reaction itself, and thus cannot be treated as a small
perturbation. Many of the complex patterns obtained in the absence of noise for
the GS model are completely obliterated by these strong internal fluctuations,
but we find novel spatial patterns induced by this reaction noise in regions of
parameter space that otherwise correspond to homogeneous solutions when
fluctuations are not included.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figure
A New Method for Selecting Exclusive Semileptonic Charmless B-Decays at
  $e^+ e^-$ Colliders at the $\Upsilon(4S)$

We introduce a new method for selecting exclusive semileptonic charmless
B-decays in the presence of a large background. The method can be applied to
charged and neutral B-mesons decaying into any exclusive neutral or charged
hadronic final state. The method is designed for high luminosity $\eplemi$
colliders operating at the $\Upsilon(4S)$. It employs an improved partial
reconstruction technique for $\Dstar$-mesons and a novel 0-C event fit to both
B-meson's decay products resulting in the kinematics of all particles
(including neutrinos) in the event. The charged lepton energies are accessible
from $1.0 \GeV$ to the kinematic limit.Comment: 10 pages with 7 figures in subdirectory fi
Solutions to large B and L breaking in the Randall-Sundrum model

The stability of proton and neutrino masses are discussed in the
Randall-Sundrum model. We show that relevant operators should be suppressed, if
the hierarchical Yukawa matrices are explained only by configurations of
wavefunctions for fermions and the Higgs field along the extra dimension. We
assume a $Z_N$ discrete gauge symmetry to suppress those operators. In the
Dirac neutrino case, there is an infinite number of symmetries which may forbid
the dangerous operators. In the Majorana neutrino case, the discrete gauge
symmetries should originate from $U(1)_X$ gauge symmetries which are broken on
the Planck brane. We also comment on the $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation as a
phenomenon which can distinguish those discrete gauge symmetries.Comment: 12 pages, No figures, Added reference
Physics of a partially ionized gas relevant to galaxy formation
  simulations -- the ionization potential energy reservoir

Simulation codes for galaxy formation and evolution take on board as many
physical processes as possible beyond the standard gravitational and
hydrodynamical physics. Most of this extra physics takes place below the
resolution level of the simulations and is added in a sub-grid fashion.
However, these sub-grid processes affect the macroscopic hydrodynamical
properties of the gas and thus couple to the on-grid physics that is explicitly
integrated during the simulation. In this paper, we focus on the link between
partial ionization and the hydrodynamical equations. We show that the energy
stored in ions and free electrons constitutes a potential energy term which
breaks the linear dependence of the internal energy on temperature. Correctly
taking into account ionization hence requires modifying both the equation of
state and the energy-temperature relation. We implemented these changes in the
cosmological simulation code Gadget2. As an example of the effects of these
changes, we study the propagation of Sedov-Taylor shock waves through an
ionizing medium. This serves as a proxy for the absorption of supernova
feedback energy by the interstellar medium. Depending on the density and
temperature of the surrounding gas, we find that up to 50% of the feedback
energy is spent ionizing the gas rather than heating it. Thus, it can be
expected that properly taking into account ionization effects in galaxy
evolution simulations will drastically reduce the effects of thermal feedback.
To the best of our knowledge, this potential energy term is not used in current
simulations of galaxy formation and evolution.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
The protoplanetary disks in the nearby massive star forming region
  Cygnus OB2

The formation of stars in massive clusters is one of the main modes of the
star formation process. However, the study of massive star forming regions is
hampered by their typically large distances to the Sun. One exception to this
is the massive star forming region Cygnus OB2 in the Cygnus X region, at the
distance of about 1400 pc. Cygnus OB2 hosts very rich populations of massive
and low-mass stars, being the best target in our Galaxy to study the formation
of stars, circumstellar disks, and planets in presence of massive stars. In
this paper we combine a wide and deep set of photometric data, from the r band
to 24 micron, in order to select the disk bearing population of stars in Cygnus
OB2 and identify the class I, class II, and stars with transition and
pre-transition disks. We selected 1843 sources with infrared excesses in an
area of 1 degree x 1 degree centered on Cyg OB2 in several evolutionary stages:
8.4% class I, 13.1% flat-spectrum sources, 72.9% class II, 2.3% pre-transition
disks, and 3.3% transition disks. The spatial distribution of these sources
shows a central cluster surrounded by a annular overdensity and some clumps of
recent star formation in the outer region. Several candidate subclusters are
identified, both along the overdensity and in the rest of the association.Comment: Accepted by Ap
Large scale IRAM 30m CO-observations in the giant molecular cloud
  complex W43

We aim to give a full description of the distribution and location of dense
molecular clouds in the giant molecular cloud complex W43. It has previously
been identified as one of the most massive star-forming regions in our Galaxy.
To trace the moderately dense molecular clouds in the W43 region, we initiated
an IRAM 30m large program, named W43-HERO, covering a large dynamic range of
scales (from 0.3 to 140 pc). We obtained on-the-fly-maps in 13CO (2-1) and C18O
(2-1) with a high spectral resolution of 0.1 km/s and a spatial resolution of
12". These maps cover an area of ~1.5 square degrees and include the two main
clouds of W43, as well as the lower density gas surrounding them. A comparison
with Galactic models and previous distance calculations confirms the location
of W43 near the tangential point of the Scutum arm at a distance from the Sun
of approximately 6 kpc. The resulting intensity cubes of the observed region
are separated into sub-cubes, centered on single clouds which are then analyzed
in detail. The optical depth, excitation temperature, and H2 column density
maps are derived out of the 13CO and C18O data. These results are then compared
with those derived from Herschel dust maps. The mass of a typical cloud is
several 10^4 solar masses while the total mass in the dense molecular gas (>100
cm^-3) in W43 is found to be about 1.9e6 solar masses. Probability distribution
functions obtained from column density maps derived from molecular line data
and Herschel imaging show a log-normal distribution for low column densities
and a power-law tail for high densities. A flatter slope for the molecular line
data PDF may imply that those selectively show the gravitationally collapsing
gas
Dark matter pair associated with a $W$ boson production at the LHC in
  next-to-leading order QCD

We investigate the QCD next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the
production of a pair of fermionic dark matter particles associated with a W
boson production through a mediator which couples to standard model particles
via either a vector or axial-vector coupling at the LHC. We find that the QCD
NLO corrections reduce the dependence of the total cross sections on the
factorization and renormalization scales, and the $K$-factors increase with the
increment of the dark matter mass. We also provide the LO and QCD NLO corrected
distributions of the transverse momenta $p_T^\mu$ of final muon and transverse
mass $M_T$. We find that the LO cross section is significantly changed by the
QCD NLO corrections.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1211.6390 by other author
The globular cluster system of NGC1316. III. Kinematic complexity

The merger remnant NGC 1316 (Fornax A) is one of the most important objects
regarding the investigation of merger-related processes. We use kinematical
data of globular clusters (GCs) and the diffuse stellar light to investigate
the global structure of NGC 1316 and to constrain the dark matter content. We
perform multi-object-spectroscopy with VLT/FORS2 and MXU. Out of 562 slits, we
extract radial velocities for 177 GCs. Moreover, we measure radial velocities
of the integrated galaxy light, using slits with a sufficiently bright "sky".
To these data, we add 20 cluster velocities from Goudfrooij et al. (2001). In
an appendix, we identify new morphological features of NGC 1316 and its
companion galaxy NGC 1317. The GC sample based on radial velocities confirms
the colour peaks already found in our photometric study. The bright clusters,
which probably have their origin in a 2 Gyr-old starburst and younger star
formation events, avoid the systemic velocity. A Gaussian velocity distribution
is found only for clusters fainter than about m_R=22 mag. The velocity
distribution of clusters shows a pronounced peak at 1600 km/s. These clusters
populate a wide area in the south-western region which we suspect to be a disk
population. Globular clusters or subsamples of them do not show a clear
rotation signal. This is different from the galaxy light, where rotation along
the major axis is discernable out to 3 arcmin radius. A simple spherical model
like that suggested by dynamical analyses of planetary nebulae reproduces also
the velocity dispersions of the faint GCs. The central dark matter density of
the present model resembles a giant elliptical galaxy. This contradicts
population properties which indicate spiral galaxies as pre-merger components.
MOND would provide a solution, but the kinematical complexity of NGC 1316 does
not allow a really firm conclusion. (abridged)Comment: 20 pages, A&A accepted (before language editing
BPS Skyrmions as neutron stars

The BPS Skyrme model has been demonstrated already to provide a physically
intriguing and quantitatively reliable description of nuclear matter. Indeed,
the model has both the symmetries and the energy-momentum tensor of a perfect
fluid, and thus represents a field theoretic realization of the "liquid
droplet" model of nuclear matter. In addition, the classical soliton solutions
together with some obvious corrections (spin-isospin quantization, Coulomb
energy, proton-neutron mass difference) provide an accurate modeling of nuclear
binding energies for heavier nuclei. These results lead to the rather natural
proposal to try to describe also neutron stars by the BPS Skyrme model coupled
to gravity. We find that the resulting self-gravitating BPS Skyrmions provide
excellent results as well as some new perspectives for the description of bulk
properties of neutron stars when the parameter values of the model are
extracted from nuclear physics. Specifically, the maximum possible mass of a
neutron star before black-hole formation sets in is a few solar masses, the
precise value depending on the precise values of the model parameters, and the
resulting neutron star radius is of the order of 10 km.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, Latex, 2 figures added, discussion extended and
  improved, references added; published versio
Anomalous magnetic moment of anyons in three dimensional CP$^{N-1}$ model

We calculate the anomalous magnetic moment of anyons in three dimensional CP^{N-1} model with a Chern-Simons term in various limits in 1/N expansion. We have found that for anyons of infinite mass the gyromagnetic ratio (g-factor) is 2 up to the next-to-leading order in 1/N. Our result supports a recent claim that the g-factor of nonrelativistic anyons is exactly two. We also found that for -{8\over\pi }<\theta<0, the electromagnetic interation between two identical aynons of large mass are attractive
Analytical E1 strength functions of two-neutron halo nuclei: the 6-He example

An analytical model is developed to study the spectra of electromagnetic dissociation of two-neutron halo nuclei without precise knowledge about initial and final states. Phenomenological three-cluster bound state wave functions, reproducing the most relevant features of these nuclei, are used along with no interaction final states. The 6-He nucleus is considered as a test case, and a good agreement with experimental data concerning the shape of the spectrum and the magnitude of the strength function is found
CP(N-1) Quantum Field Theories with Alkaline-Earth Atoms in Optical
  Lattices

We propose a cold atom implementation to attain the continuum limit of
(1+1)-d CP(N-1) quantum field theories. These theories share important features
with (3+1)-d QCD, such as asymptotic freedom and $\theta$ vacua. Moreover,
their continuum limit can be accessed via the mechanism of dimensional
reduction. In our scheme, the CP(N-1) degrees of freedom emerge at low energies
from a ladder system of SU(N) quantum spins, where the N spin states are
embodied by the nuclear Zeeman states of alkaline-earth atoms, trapped in an
optical lattice. Based on Monte Carlo results, we establish that the continuum
limit can be demonstrated by an atomic quantum simulation by employing the
feature of asymptotic freedom. We discuss a protocol for the adiabatic state
preparation of the ground state of the system, the real-time evolution of a
false $\theta$-vacuum state after a quench, and we propose experiments to
unravel the phase diagram at non-zero density.Comment: Published Version, Added impurity analysi
Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to mu+ mu- in pp
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

A search for neutral Higgs bosons predicted in the minimal supersymmetric
standard model (MSSM) for mu+ mu- decay channels is presented. The analysis
uses data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton
collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to
integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.3 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The
search is sensitive to Higgs bosons produced through the gluon fusion process
or in association with a bb quark pair. No statistically significant excess is
observed in the mu+ mu- mass spectrum. Results are interpreted in the framework
of several benchmark scenarios, and the data are used to set an upper limit on
the MSSM parameter tan(beta) as a function of the mass of the pseudoscalar A
boson in the range from 115 to 300 GeV. Model independent upper limits are
given for the product of the cross section and branching fraction for gluon
fusion and b quark associated production. They are the most stringent limits
obtained to date in this channel.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal referenc
The (234)U neutron capture cross section measurement at the n_TOF facility

The neutron capture cross-section of (234)U has been measured for energies from thermal up to the keV region in the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF, based on a spallation source located at CERN. A 4 pi BaF(2) array composed of 40 crystals, placed at a distance of 184.9 m from the neutron source, was employed as a total absorption calorimeter (TAC) for detection of the prompt gamma-ray cascade from capture events in the sample. This text describes the experimental setup, all necessary steps followed during the data analysis procedure. Results are presented in the form of R-matrix resonance parameters from fits with the SAMMY code and compared to the evaluated data of ENDF in the relevant energy region, indicating the good performance of the n_TOF facility and the TAC
On the parallel and perpendicular propagating motions visible in polar plumes : an incubator for (fast) solar wind acceleration?

J.L. was a student visitor at HAO. J.L. acknowledges the financial support for his visit to HAO from the Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). The authors acknowledge support from NSFC 41131065, 41121003, 973 Key Project 2011CB811403, and CAS Key Research Program KZZD-EW-01-4. We also acknowledge support from NASA contracts NNX08BA99G, NNX11AN98G, NNM12AB40P, NNG09FA40C (IRIS), and NNM07AA01C (Hinode). The research leading to these results has also received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ 2007-2013) under the grant agreement SOLSPANET (project No. 269299, www.solspanet.eu/solspanet) Date of Acceptance: 25/05/2015We combine observations of the Coronal Multi-channel Polarimeter and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory to study the characteristic properties of (propagating) Alfvenic motions and quasi-periodic intensity disturbances in polar plumes. This unique combination of instruments highlights the physical richness of the processes taking place at the base of the (fast) solar wind. The (parallel) intensity perturbations with intensity enhancements around 1% have an apparent speed of 120 km s(-1) (in both the 171 and 193 angstrom passbands) and a periodicity of 15 minutes, while the (perpendicular) Alfvenic wave motions have a velocity amplitude of 0.5 km s(-1), a phase speed of 830 km s(-1), and a shorter period of 5 minutes on the same structures. These observations illustrate a scenario where the excited Alfvenic motions are propagating along an inhomogeneously loaded magnetic field structure such that the combination could be a potential progenitor of the magnetohydrodynamic turbulence required to accelerate the fast solar wind.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Towards the introduction of the 'Immunoscore' in the classification of malignant tumours.

The American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (AJCC/UICC) TNM staging system provides the most reliable guidelines for the routine prognostication and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. This traditional tumour staging summarizes data on tumour burden (T), the presence of cancer cells in draining and regional lymph nodes (N) and evidence for distant metastases (M). However, it is now recognized that the clinical outcome can vary significantly among patients within the same stage. The current classification provides limited prognostic information and does not predict response to therapy. Multiple ways to classify cancer and to distinguish different subtypes of colorectal cancer have been proposed, including morphology, cell origin, molecular pathways, mutation status and gene expression-based stratification. These parameters rely on tumour-cell characteristics. Extensive literature has investigated the host immune response against cancer and demonstrated the prognostic impact of the in situ immune cell infiltrate in tumours. A methodology named 'Immunoscore' has been defined to quantify the in situ immune infiltrate. In colorectal cancer, the Immunoscore may add to the significance of the current AJCC/UICC TNM classification, since it has been demonstrated to be a prognostic factor superior to the AJCC/UICC TNM classification. An international consortium has been initiated to validate and promote the Immunoscore in routine clinical settings. The results of this international consortium may result in the implementation of the Immunoscore as a new component for the classification of cancer, designated TNM-I (TNM-Immune)
The coactivator PGC-1α regulates skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism independently of the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ in sedentary mice fed a regular chow diet

Physical activity improves oxidative capacity and exerts therapeutic beneficial effects, particularly in the context of metabolic diseases. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and the nuclear receptor PPARβ/δ have both been independently discovered to play a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle, though their interdependence remains unclear. Hence, our aim was to determine the functional interaction between these two factors in mouse skeletal muscle in vivo.; Adult male control mice, PGC-1α muscle-specific transgenic (mTg) mice, PPARβ/δ muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice and the combination PPARβ/δ mKO + PGC-1α mTg mice were studied under basal conditions and following PPARβ/δ agonist administration and acute exercise. Whole-body metabolism was assessed by indirect calorimetry and blood analysis, while magnetic resonance was used to measure body composition. Quantitative PCR and western blot were used to determine gene expression and intracellular signalling. The proportion of oxidative muscle fibre was determined by NADH staining.; Agonist-induced PPARβ/δ activation was only disrupted by PPARβ/δ knockout. We also found that the disruption of the PGC-1α-PPARβ/δ axis did not affect whole-body metabolism under basal conditions. As expected, PGC-1α mTg mice exhibited higher exercise performance, peak oxygen consumption and lower blood lactate levels following exercise, though PPARβ/δ mKO + PGC-1α mTg mice showed a similar phenotype. Similarly, we found that PPARβ/δ was dispensable for PGC-1α-mediated enhancement of an oxidative phenotype in skeletal muscle.; Collectively, these results indicate that PPARβ/δ is not an essential partner of PGC-1α in the control of skeletal muscle energy metabolism
Chemical reactions of conformationally selected 3-aminophenol molecules in a beam with Coulomb-crystallized Ca+ ions

Many molecules exhibit multiple conformers that often easily interconvert under thermal conditions. Therefore, single conformations are difficult to isolate which renders the study of their distinct chemical reactivities challenging. We have recently reported a new experimental method for the characterization of conformer-specific effects in chemical reactions [Y.-P. Chang, K. Długołęcki, J. Küpper, D. Rösch, D. Wild, and S. Willitsch, "Specific chemical reactivities of spatially separated 3-aminophenol conformers with cold Ca(+) ions," Science 342, 98-101 (2013)]. Different conformers are spatially separated using inhomogeneous electric fields and reacted with a Coulomb crystal of cold, spatially localized ions in a trap. As a first application, we studied reactions between the two conformers of 3-aminophenol and Ca(+). We observed a twofold larger rate constant for the cis compared to the trans conformer which was rationalized in terms of the differences in the long-range ion-molecule interactions. The present article provides a detailed description of the new method and a full account of the experimental results as well as the accompanying theoretical calculations