pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Thresholding methods to estimate copula density

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of multivariate copula density estimation. Using wavelet methods we provide two shrinkage procedures based on thresholding rules for which knowledge of the regularity of the copula density to be estimated is not necessary. These methods, said to be adaptive, have proved to be very effective when adopting the minimax and the maxiset approaches. Moreover we show that these procedures can be discriminated in the maxiset sense. We provide an estimation algorithm and evaluate its properties using simulation. Finally, we propose a real life application for financial data
A Superhighway to Virus Infection

Microtubule-mediated transport of macromolecules and organelles (also known as “cargo”) is essential for cells to function. Deficiencies in cytoplasmic transport are frequently associated with severe diseases and syndromes. Cytoplasmic transport also provides viruses with the means to reach their site of replication and is the route for newly assembled progeny to leave the infected cell. This parasitic relationship of viruses with the host cytoskeleton provides an excellent basis for cell biologists to unlock the secrets of cytoplasmic transport and unravel mechanisms of disease. Recent advances in live cell imaging and computational tracking of fluorescently labeled viruses are now revealing how complex the movements of single viruses are in infected cells. This review focuses on microtubule-based motility of viruses and highlights the mechanisms regulating cytoplasmic transport
Beam tomography research at Daresbury Laboratory

AbstractBeam tomography research at Daresbury Laboratory has focussed on the development of normalised phase space techniques—starting with the idea of sampling tomographic projections at equal phase advances. This idea has influenced the design and operation of the tomography sections at the Photo Injector Test Facility at Zeuthen (PITZ) and at the Accelerator and Lasers in Combined Experiments (ALICE) at Daresbury. We have studied the feasibility of using normalised phase space to measure the effect of space charge. Quadrupole scan measurements are carried out at two different parts of a beamline. Reconstructions at the same location give results that are clearly rotated with respect to each other in normalised phase space. We are able to show that a significant part of this rotation can be attributed to the effect of space charge. We show how the normalised phase space technique can be used to increase the reliability of the Maximum Entropy Technique (MENT). While MENT is known for its ability to work with just a few projections, the accuracy of its reconstructions has seldom been questioned. We show that for typical phase space distributions, MENT could produce results that look quite different from the original. We demonstrate that a normalised phase space technique could give results that are closer to the actual distribution. We also present simpler ways of deriving the phase space tomography formalism and the Maximum Entropy Technique
Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA search for supersymmetry involving events with at least one photon, one electron or muon, and large missing transverse momentum has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=8 TeV, produced at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes. The result of the search is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, where the charged and neutral winos are the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particles. Within this model, winos with a mass up to 360 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. Two simplified models inspired by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking are also examined, and used to derive upper limits on the production cross sections of specific supersymmetric processes
Effect of asymmetric strange–antistrange sea to the NuTeV anomaly

AbstractWe calculate the strange quark and antiquark distributions of the nucleon by using the effective chiral quark model, and find that the strange–antistrange asymmetry can bring a contribution of about 60–100% to the NuTeV deviation of sin2θw from the standard value measured in other electroweak processes. The results are insensitive to different inputs. The light-flavor quark asymmetry of d¯–u¯ is also investigated and found to be consistent with the experimental measurements. Therefore the chiral quark model provides a successful picture to understand the NuTeV anomaly, as well as the light-flavor quark asymmetry and the proton spin problem in previous studies
ECCE Services in Mexico: Reducing Social Inequalities

AbstractIn Mexico, the socioeconomic and cultural situation creates educational inequalities, and its impact is greater on young children. Since the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) services have become a major pathway to compensate for social inequalities, in 2008 they have begun to be implemented through the “Programme for Strengthening Early Education and Child Development.” In this article, it is presented a brief review of the main theoretical approaches on social inequalities in early childhood, the main benefits of ECCE to counter inequality, and the status of ECCE services in Mexico to create a model of indicators of good practice
Molecular Profiling of Human Mammary Gland Links Breast Cancer Risk to a p27+ Cell Population with Progenitor Characteristics

SummaryEarly full-term pregnancy is one of the most effective natural protections against breast cancer. To investigate this effect, we have characterized the global gene expression and epigenetic profiles of multiple cell types from normal breast tissue of nulliparous and parous women and carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We found significant differences in CD44+ progenitor cells, where the levels of many stem cell-related genes and pathways, including the cell-cycle regulator p27, are lower in parous women without BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. We also noted a significant reduction in the frequency of CD44+p27+ cells in parous women and showed, using explant cultures, that parity-related signaling pathways play a role in regulating the number of p27+ cells and their proliferation. Our results suggest that pathways controlling p27+ mammary epithelial cells and the numbers of these cells relate to breast cancer risk and can be explored for cancer risk assessment and prevention
‘The judgement of God on an indolent and unself-reliant people’?: the impact of the Great Irish Famine on Ireland's religious demography

AbstractIt has suited both sides of Ireland's religious and political divide to portray the Great Famine that affected Ireland in the late 1840s as primarily affecting the Catholic population. However, while the geographies of the Famine have been explored in detail in recent years its religious dimensions have been largely ignored, albeit with a few exceptions. As a consequence, the assumption that the Great Famine was a Catholic famine has not been sufficiently challenged. Drawing on a relatively untapped source, the 1834 Commission on ‘the state of religion and other instruction in Ireland,’ as well as census data, this paper explores the relationship between religion, poverty and population loss over the Famine period. It shows that Catholics were disproportionately affected by the Famine because the Famine was most severe in areas whose population was overwhelmingly Catholic. In more mixed areas, however, the Protestant population seems to have been at least as affected as Catholics if not more so. This conundrum explains why the Famine actually had a surprisingly small impact on Ireland's religious demography
Search for isotropic γ-radiation in the cosmological window between 65-tev and 200-tev

Electromagnetic energy injected into the universe above a few hundred TeV is expected to pile up as γ radiation in a relatively narrow energy interval below 100 TeV due to its interaction with the 2.7°K background radiation. We present an upper limit (90% C.L.) on the ratio of primary γ to charged cosmic rays in the energy interval 65-160 TeV (80- 200 TeV) of 10.3 . 10¯³(7.8 . 10¯³). Data from the HEGRA cosmic-ray detector complex consisting of a wide angle Cerenkov array (AIROBICC) measuring the lateral distribution of air Čerenkov light and a scintillator array, were used with a novel method to discriminate γ-ray and hadron induced air showers. If the presently unmeasured universal far infrared background radiation is not too intense, the result rules out a topological-defect origin of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays for masses of the X particle released by the defects equal to or larger than about 10_(16) GeV
Higgsplosion: Solving the Hierarchy Problem via rapid decays of heavy
  states into multiple Higgs bosons

We introduce and discuss two inter-related mechanisms operative in the
electroweak sector of the Standard Model at high energies. Higgsplosion, the
first mechanism, occurs at some critical energy in the 25 to 10^3 TeV range,
and leads to an exponentially growing decay rate of highly energetic particles
into multiple Higgs bosons. We argue that this a well-controlled
non-perturbative phenomenon in the Higgs-sector which involves the final state
Higgs multiplicities n in the regime n \lambda >> 1 where \lambda is the Higgs
self-coupling. If this mechanism is realised in nature, the cross-sections for
producing ultra-high multiplicities of Higgs bosons are likely to become
observable and even dominant in this energy range. At the same time, however,
the apparent exponential growth of these cross-sections at even higher energies
will be tamed and automatically cut-off by a related Higgspersion mechanism. As
a result, and in contrast to previous studies, multi-Higgs production does not
violate perturbative unitarity. Building on this approach, we then argue that
the effects of Higgsplosion alter quantum corrections from very heavy states to
the Higgs boson mass. Above a certain energy, which is much smaller than their
masses, these states would rapidly decay into multiple Higgs bosons. The heavy
states become unrealised as they decay much faster than they are formed. The
loop integrals contributing to the Higgs mass will be cut off not by the masses
of the heavy states, but by the characteristic loop momenta where their decay
widths become comparable to their masses. Hence, the cut-off scale would be
many orders of magnitude lower than the heavy mass scales themselves, thus
suppressing their quantum corrections to the Higgs boson mass.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Centrality and Pricing in Spatially Differentiated Markets: The Case of Gasoline

We highlight the importance of "centrality" for pricing. Firms characterized by a more central position in a spatial network are more powerful in terms of having a stronger impact on their competitors' prices and on equilibrium prices. These propositions are derived from a simple theoretical model and investigated empirically for the retail gasoline market of Vienna, Austria. We compute a measure of network centrality based on the locations of gasoline stations in the road network. Results from a spatial autoregressive model show that prices of gasoline stations are more strongly correlated with prices of central competitors
Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part I: review and parametrization

A poor representation of cloud structure in a general circulation model (GCM) is widely recognised as a potential source of error in the radiation budget. Here, we develop a new way of representing both horizontal and vertical cloud structure in a radiation scheme. This combines the ‘Tripleclouds’ parametrization, which introduces inhomogeneity by using two cloudy regions in each layer as opposed to one, each with different water content values, with ‘exponential-random’ overlap, in which clouds in adjacent layers are not overlapped maximally, but according to a vertical decorrelation scale. This paper, Part I of two, aims to parametrize the two effects such that they can be used in a GCM. To achieve this, we first review a number of studies for a globally applicable value of fractional standard deviation of water content for use in Tripleclouds. We obtain a value of 0.75 ± 0.18 from a variety of different types of observations, with no apparent dependence on cloud type or gridbox size. Then, through a second short review, we create a parametrization of decorrelation scale for use in exponential-random overlap, which varies the scale linearly with latitude from 2.9 km at the Equator to 0.4 km at the poles. When applied to radar data, both components are found to have radiative impacts capable of offsetting biases caused by cloud misrepresentation. Part II of this paper implements Tripleclouds and exponential-random overlap into a radiation code and examines both their individual and combined impacts on the global radiation budget using re-analysis data
Diffractive Photoproduction of Rho Mesons with Large Momentum Transfer at HERA

The diffractive photoproduction of rho mesons, e p \to e rho Y, with large momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, |t|, is studied with the H1 detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 pb^{-1}. The photon-proton centre of mass energy spans the range 75 < W < 95 GeV, the photon virtuality is restricted to Q^2 < 0.01 GeV^2 and the mass M_Y of the proton remnant is below 5 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section is measured for the range 1.5 < |t| < 10.0 GeV^2 and is well described by a power law, dsigma/ d|t| \propto |t|^{-n}. The spin density matrix elements, which provide information on the helicity structure of the interaction, are extracted using measurements of angular distributions of the rho decay products. The data indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation, with contributions from both single and double helicity-flip being observed. The results are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD models.The diffractive photoproduction of rho mesons, e p \to e rho Y, with large momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, |t|, is studied with the H1 detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 pb^{-1}. The photon-proton centre of mass energy spans the range 75 &lt; W &lt; 95 GeV, the photon virtuality is restricted to Q^2 &lt; 0.01 GeV^2 and the mass M_Y of the proton remnant is below 5 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section is measured for the range 1.5 &lt; |t| &lt; 10.0 GeV^2 and is well described by a power law, dsigma/ d|t| \propto |t|^{-n}. The spin density matrix elements, which provide information on the helicity structure of the interaction, are extracted using measurements of angular distributions of the rho decay products. The data indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation, with contributions from both single and double helicity-flip being observed. The results are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD models.The diffractive photoproduction of ρ mesons, ep→eρY , with large momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, |t|, is studied with the H1 detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 pb−1 . The photon–proton centre of mass energy spans the range 75<W<95 GeV , the photon virtuality is restricted to Q2<0.01 GeV2 and the mass MY of the proton remnant is below 5 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section is measured for the range 1.5<|t|<10.0 GeV2 and is well described by a power law, dσ/d|t|∝|t|−n . The spin density matrix elements, which provide information on the helicity structure of the interaction, are extracted using measurements of angular distributions of the ρ decay products. The data indicate a violation of s -channel helicity conservation, with contributions from both single and double helicity-flip being observed. The results are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD models
Effects of synchronous music on treadmill running among elite triathletes

Objectives: Music can provide ergogenic, psychological, and psychophysical benefits during physical activity, especially when movements are performed synchronously with music. The present study developed the train of research on synchronous music and extended it to elite athletes. Design: Repeated-measures laboratory experiment. 
Method: Elite triathletes (n = 11) ran in time to self-selected motivational music, a neutral equivalent and a no-music control during submaximal and exhaustive treadmill running. Measured variables were time-to-exhaustion, mood responses, feeling states, RPE, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and running economy. Results: Time-to-exhaustion was 18.1% and 19.7% longer, respectively, when running in time to motivational and neutral music, compared to no music. Mood responses and feeling states were more positive with motivational music compared to either neutral music or no music. RPE was lowest for neutral music and highest for the no-music control. Blood lactate concentrations were lowest for motivational music. Oxygen consumption was lower with music by 1.0%–.7%. Both music conditions were associated with better running economy than the no-music control. Conclusions: Although neutral music did not produce the same level of psychological benefits as motivational music, it proved equally beneficial in terms of time-to-exhaustion and oxygen consumption. In functional terms, the motivational qualities of music may be less important than the prominence of its beat and the degree to which participants are able to synchronise their movements to its tempo. Music provided ergogenic, psychological and physiological benefits in a laboratory study and its judicious use during triathlon training should be considered.
Savings and Investments in the OECD, 1970-2007: a Panel Cointegration test with breaks

In this paper we test for the existence of a long-run relationship between investment and savings
(the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle) in a panel of 18 OECD countries, 1970-2007, allowing for het-
erogenous breaks in the coe¢ cients. For this purpose we develop a bootstrap panel cointegration
test with breaks robust to cross-section dependence. The test suggests that, even allowing for
breaks in the countries where capital control regulations changed in the sample period, there is
no evidence of an investment-savings long-run relationship for the panel as a whole.
Savings and investments in the OECD, 1970-2007: a panel cointegration test with breaks

In this paper we test for the existence of a long-run relationship between investment and savings (the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle) in a panel of 18 OECD countries, 1970-2007, allowing for heterogenous breaks in the coefficients. For this purpose we develop a bootstrap panel cointegration test with breaks robust to cross-section dependence. The test suggests that, even allowing for breaks in the countries where capital control regulations changed in the sample period, there is no evidence of an investment-savings long-run relationship for the panel as a whole.
A Truthful Two-Stage Mechanism for Eliciting Probabilistic Estimates with Unknown Costs

This paper reports on the design of a novel two-stage mechanism, based on strictly proper scoring rules, that motivates selfish rational agents to make a costly probabilistic estimate or forecast of a specified precision and report it truthfully to a centre. Our mechanism is applied in a setting where the centre is faced with multiple agents, and has no knowledge about their costs. Thus, in the first stage of the mechanism, the centre uses a reverse second price auction to allocate the estimation task to the agent who reveals the lowest cost. While, in the second stage, the centre issues a payment based on a strictly proper scoring rule. When taken together, the two stages motivate agents to reveal their true costs, and then to truthfully reveal their estimate. We prove that this mechanism is incentive compatible and individually rational, and then present empirical results comparing the performance of the well known quadratic, spherical and logarithmic scoring rules. We show that the quadratic and the logarithmic rules result in the centre making the highest and the lowest expected payment to agents respectively. At the same time, however, the payments of the latter rule are unbounded, and thus the spherical rule proves to be the best candidate in this setting.
Macedonian economy before and after the global economic crises

During the last twenty years Macedonian economy experienced numerous internal and external shocks from
economic and political nature. Current world economic crisis is the last shock. However, the economy always showed latent
power and possibilities of getting out of such shocks. It was a sign that it can generate higher and sustainable rates of
growth.
The experiences and lessons taken from the global economic crisis should serve as a basis for changing the current
model with a new one in order the economy of the country to catch a connection with the intense changes that are expected to
occur in the coming period. It is expected that creating new economic model in Republic of Macedonia will result in multiple
positive effects that primarily manifested in the increasing number of newly small and medium enterprises, domestic
investments, industrial production, GDP, number of new employees and total exports as well as in reduction of the trade deficit
in maintaining macroeconomic stability of the country.
The achievements of the Republic of Macedonia with the new development model will largely depend on the
realization of risks and threats to which it is or will be exposed in the short run and in the medium run, and in relation to the
developments in the global and especially in European economy in future, as well as the international political status of
Macedonia in relation to its membership in NATO and EU.
Cangaroo-III observation of TeV gamma rays from the vicinity of PSR B1706-44

Observation by the CANGAROO-III stereoscopic system of the Imaging Cherenkov Telescope has detected extended emission of TeV gamma rays in the vicinity of the pulsar PSR B1706-44. The strength of the signal observed as gamma-ray-like events varies when we apply different ways of emulating background events. The reason for such uncertainties is argued in relevance to gamma rays embedded in the "OFF-source data," that is, unknown sources and diffuse emission in the Galactic plane, namely, the existence of a complex structure of TeV gamma-ray emission around PSR B1706-44R. Enomoto, J. Kushida, T. Nakamori, T. Kifune, G. V. Bicknell, R. W. Clay, P. G. Edwards, S. Gunji, S. Hara, T. Hara, T. Hattori, S. Hayashi, Y. Higashi, Y. Hirai, K. Inoue, H. Ishioka, S. Kabuki, F. Kajino, H. Katagiri, A. Kawachi, R. Kiuchi, H. Kubo, T. Kunisawa, T. Matoba, Y. Matsubara, I. Matsuzawa, T. Mizukami, Y. Mizumura, Y. Mizumoto, M. Mori, H. Muraishi, T. Naito, S. Nakano, K. Nishijima, M. Ohishi, Y. Otake, S. Ryoki, K. Saito, Y. Sakamoto, A. Seki, V. Stamatescu, T. Suzuki, D. L. Swaby, T. Tanimori, G. Thornton, F. Tokanai, K. Tsuchiya, S. Watanabe, E. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi and Y. Yukaw