pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A joint geochemical–geophysical record of time-dependent mantle convection south of Iceland

AbstractThe North Atlantic V-Shaped Ridges (VSRs) provide a spatially extensive and clear record of unsteady mantle convective circulation over >40 My. VSRs are diachronous ridges of thick crust formed with a periodicity of ∼5 My along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, south of Iceland. We present data from a set of dredged basalt samples that shows chemical variation associated with two complete VSR crustal thickness cycles where they intersect the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The new dataset also records chemical variation associated with a VSR crustal thickness cycle along a plate spreading flow-line. Inverse correlations between crustal thickness and both incompatible trace element concentrations and incompatible element ratios such as Nb/Y and La/Sm are observed. Geochemical and crustal thickness observations can be matched using a time-dependent mid-ocean ridge melting model with a basal boundary condition of sinusoidally varying potential temperature. Our observations and models suggest that VSRs are generated when hot patches are carried up the plume stem beneath SE Iceland and spread radially outward within the asthenosphere. These patches are then drawn upward into the melting region when passing beneath the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The geometry of the VSRs and the size of the dynamically supported swell suggest that the Iceland Plume is the strongest plume in the Earth at present, with a volume flux of 49±14 km3yr−1
Elliptic genera and characteristic q-series of superconformal field theory

AbstractWe analyze the characteristic series, the KO series and the series associated with the Witten genus, and their analytic forms as the q-analogs of classical special functions (in particular q-analog of the beta integral and the gamma function). q-Series admit an analytic interpretation in terms of the spectral Ruelle functions, and their relations with appropriate elliptic modular forms can be described. We show that there is a deep correspondence between the characteristic series of the Witten genus and KO characteristic series, on one side, and the denominator identities and characters of N=2 superconformal algebras, and the affine Lie (super)algebras on the other. We represent the characteristic series in the form of double series using the Hecke–Rogers modular identity
Combined Loss of Tet1 and Tet2 Promotes B Cell, but Not Myeloid Malignancies, in Mice

SummaryTET1/2/3 are methylcytosine dioxygenases that regulate cytosine hydroxymethylation. Tet1/2 are abundantly expressed in HSC/HPCs and are implicated in hematological malignancies. Tet2 deletion in mice causes myeloid malignancies, while Tet1-null mice develop B cell lymphoma after an extended period of latency. Interestingly, TET1/2 are often concomitantly downregulated in acute B-lymphocytic leukemia. Here, we investigated the overlapping and non-redundant functions of Tet1/2 using Tet1/2 double-knockout (DKO) mice. DKO and Tet2−/− HSC/HPCs show overlapping and unique 5hmC and 5mC profiles. DKO mice exhibit strikingly decreased incidence and delayed onset of myeloid malignancies in comparison to Tet2−/− mice and in contrast develop lethal B cell malignancies. Transcriptome analysis of DKO tumors reveals expression changes in many genes dysregulated in human B cell malignancies, including LMO2, BCL6, and MYC. These results highlight the critical roles of TET1/2 individually and together in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies
The zinc binding receptor GPR39 interacts with 5-HT1A and GalR1 to form dynamic heteroreceptor complexes with signaling diversity

AbstractGPR39 is a class A G protein-coupled receptor involved in zinc binding and glucose homeostasis regulation, among other physiological processes. GPR39 was originally thought to be the receptor for obestatin peptide but this view has been challenged. However, activation of this receptor by zinc has been clearly established. Recent studies suggest that low GPR39 expression, due to deficient zinc levels, is involved in major depressive disorder. We have previously reported that zinc can alter receptor–receptor interactions and favor specific receptor interactions. In order to unravel the effect of zinc on specific G protein-coupled receptor association processes, we have performed FRET and co-immunopurification studies with GPR39 and 5-HT1A and GalR1 which have been shown to dimerize. Our results suggest that zinc can modulate the formation of specific 5-HT1A-GPR39 and GalR1-5-HT1A-GPR39 heteroreceptor complexes under our experimental conditions.We have analyzed the differences in signaling between the mono-homomeric receptors 5-HT1A, GalR1 and GPR39 and the heteroreceptor complexes between them Our results show that the GPR39-5-HT1A heterocomplex has additive functionalities when compared to the monomeric–homomeric receptors upon receptor activation. In addition, the heterocomplex including also GalR1 shows a different behavior, upon exposure to the same agonists. Furthermore, these processes appear to be regulated by zinc. These findings provide a rationale for the antidepressive effect widely described for zinc because pro-depressive heterocomplexes are predominant at low zinc concentration levels
New insight into the RNA interference response against cathepsin-L gene in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum: Molting or gut phenotypes specifically induced by injection or feeding treatments

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has been widely and successfully used for gene inactivation in insects, including aphids, where dsRNA administration can be performed either by feeding or microinjection. However, several aspects related to the aphid response to RNAi, as well as the influence of the administration method on tissue response, or the mixed success to observe phenotypes specific to the gene targeted, are still unclear in this insect group. In the present study, we made the first direct comparison of two administration methods (injection or feeding) for delivery of dsRNA targeting the cathepsin-L gene in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. In order to maximize the possibility of discovering specific phenotypes, the effect of the treatment was analyzed in single individual aphids at the level of five body compartments: the bacteriocytes, the gut, the embryonic chains, the head and the remaining body carcass. Our analysis revealed that gene expression knockdown effect in each single body compartment was dependent on the administration method used, and allowed us to discover new functions for the cathepsin-L gene in aphids. Injection of cathepsin-L dsRNA was much more effective on carcass and head, inducing body morphology alterations, and suggesting a novel role of this gene in the molting of these insects. Administration by feeding provoked cathepsin-L knockdown in the gut and specific gut epithelial cell alteration, therefore allowing a better characterization of tissue specific role of this gene in aphids
Proteomics of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Reveals Subset-Specific Surface Markers and Differential Inflammasome Function

Contains fulltext :
                  171297.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. In human blood, three distinct subsets exist: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and BDCA3+ and CD1c+ myeloid DCs. In addition, a DC-like CD16+ monocyte has been reported. Although RNA-expression profiles have been previously compared, protein expression data may provide a different picture. Here, we exploited label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to compare and identify differences in primary human DC subset proteins. Moreover, we integrated these proteomic data with existing mRNA data to derive robust cell-specific expression signatures with more than 400 differentially expressed proteins between subsets, forming a solid basis for investigation of subset-specific functions. We illustrated this by extracting subset identification markers and by demonstrating that pDCs lack caspase-1 and only express low levels of other inflammasome-related proteins. In accordance, pDCs were incapable of interleukin (IL)-1beta secretion in response to ATP
Boomerang RG flows in M-theory with intermediate scaling

We construct novel RG flows of D=11 supergravity that asymptotically approach
$AdS_4\times S^7$ in the UV with deformations that break spatial translations
in the dual field theory. In the IR the solutions return to exactly the same
$AdS_4\times S^7$ vacuum, with a renormalisation of relative length scales, and
hence we refer to the flows as `boomerang RG flows'. For sufficiently large
deformations, on the way to the IR the solutions also approach two distinct
intermediate scaling regimes, each with hyperscaling violation. The first
regime is Lorentz invariant with dynamical exponent $z=1$ while the second has
$z=5/2$. Neither of the two intermediate scaling regimes are associated with
exact hyperscaling violation solutions of $D=11$ supergravity. The RG flow
solutions are constructed using the four dimensional $N=2$ STU gauged
supergravity theory with vanishing gauge fields, but non-vanishing scalar and
pseudoscalar fields. In the ABJM dual field theory the flows are driven by
spatially modulated deformation parameters for scalar and fermion bilinear
operators.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures. Minor typos correcte
Squeezed between shells? The origin of the Lupus I molecular cloud. APEX/LABOCA, Herschel, and Planck observations

B. Gaczkowski et al., ???Squeezed between shells? The origin of the Lupus I molecular cloud APEX/LABOCA, Herschel, and Planck observations???, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 584, December 2015. This version of record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526527 Reproduced with Permission from Astronomy and Astrophysics, ?? ESO, 2015Context. The Lupus I cloud is found between the Upper Scorpius (USco) and the Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL) subgroups of the Scorpius-Centaurus OB association, where the expanding USco H???I shell appears to interact with a bubble currently driven by the winds of the remaining B-stars of UCL. Aims. We want to study how collisions of large-scale interstellar gas flows form and influence new dense clouds in the ISM. Methods. We performed LABOCA continuum sub-mm observations of Lupus I that provide for the first time a direct view of the densest, coldest cloud clumps and cores at high angular resolution. We complemented these data with Herschel and Planck data from which we constructed column density and temperature maps. From the Herschel and LABOCA column density maps we calculated probability density functions (PDFs) to characterize the density structure of the cloud. Results. The northern part of Lupus I is found to have, on average, lower densities, higher temperatures, and no active star formation. The center-south part harbors dozens of pre-stellar cores where density and temperature reach their maximum and minimum, respectively. Our analysis of the column density PDFs from the Herschel data show double-peak profiles for all parts of the cloud, which we attribute to an external compression. In those parts with active star formation, the PDF shows a power-law tail at high densities. The PDFs we calculated from our LABOCA data trace the denser parts of the cloud showing one peak and a power-law tail. With LABOCA we find 15 cores with masses between 0.07 and 1.71 M??? and a total mass of ???8???M???. The total gas and dust mass of the cloud is ???164???M??? and hence ~5% of the mass is in cores. From the Herschel and Planck data we find a total mass of ???174???M??? and ???171???M???, respectively. Conclusions. The position, orientation, and elongated shape of Lupus I, the double-peak PDFs and the population of pre-stellar and protostellar cores could be explained by the large-scale compression from the advancing USco H???I shell and the UCL wind bubble
Sequential Electron Transport and Vibrational Excitations in an Organic Molecule Coupled to Few-Layer Graphene Electrodes

Graphene electrodes are promising candidates to improvereproducibility and stability in molecular electronics through new electrode−molecule anchoring strategies. Here we report sequentialelectron transport in few-layer graphene transistors containing individualcurcuminoid-based molecules anchored to the electrodes via π −π orbital bonding. We show the coexistence of inelastic co-tunneling excitations with single-electron transport physics due to an intermediate molecule−electrode coupling; we argue that an intermediate electron−phononcoupling is the origin of these vibrational-assisted excitations. Theseexperimental observations are complemented with density functionaltheory calculations to model electron transport and the interaction between electrons and vibrational modes of thecurcuminoid molecule. We ﬁnd that the calculated vibrational modes of the molecule are in agreement with theexperimentally observed excitation
Force-clamp analysis techniques reveal stretched exponential unfolding
  kinetics in ubiquitin

Force-clamp spectroscopy reveals the unfolding and disulfide bond rupture
times of single protein molecules as a function of the stretching force, point
mutations and solvent conditions. The statistics of these times reveal whether
the protein domains are independent of one another, the mechanical hierarchy in
the polyprotein chain, and the functional form of the probability distribution
from which they originate. It is therefore important to use robust statistical
tests to decipher the correct theoretical model underlying the process. Here we
develop multiple techniques to compare the well-established experimental data
set on ubiquitin with existing theoretical models as a case study. We show that
robustness against filtering, agreement with a maximum likelihood function that
takes into account experimental artifacts, the Kuiper statistic test and
alignment with synthetic data all identify the Weibull or stretched exponential
distribution as the best fitting model. Our results are inconsistent with
recently proposed models of Gaussian disorder in the energy landscape or noise
in the applied force as explanations for the observed non-exponential kinetics.
Since the physical model in the fit affects the characteristic unfolding time,
these results have important implications on our understanding of the
biological function of proteins
Charged particle multiplicities in pp interactions at √s = 0.9, 2.36, and 7TeV

Measurements of primary charged hadron multiplicity distributions are presented for non-single-diffractive events in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 0.9, 2.36, and 7TeV, in five pseudorapidity ranges from |η| < 0.5 to |η| < 2.4. The data were collected with the minimum-bias trigger of the CMS experiment during the LHC commissioning runs in 2009 and the 7TeV run in 2010. The multiplicity distribution at √s = 0.9 TeV is in agreement with previous measurements. At higher energies the increase of the mean multiplicity with √s is underestimated by most event generators. The average transverse momentum as a function of the multiplicity is also presented. The measurement of higher-order moments of the multiplicity distribution confirms the violation of Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling that has been observed at lower energies.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for top-squark pairs decaying into Higgs or Z bosons in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search for supersymmetry through the direct pair production of top squarks, with Higgs (H) or Z bosons in the decay chain, is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC. The sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb-1. The search is performed using a selection of events containing leptons and bottom-quark jets. No evidence for a significant excess of events over the standard model background prediction is observed. The results are interpreted in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair production of a heavier top-squark mass eigenstate t~2 decaying to a lighter top-squark mass eigenstate t~1 via either t~2→Ht~1 or t~2→Zt~1, followed in both cases by t~1→tχ~10, where χ~10 is an undetected, stable, lightest supersymmetric particle. The interpretation is performed in the region where the mass difference between the t~1 and χ~10 states is approximately equal to the top-quark mass (mt~1-mχ~10≃mt), which is not probed by searches for direct t~1 squark pair production. The analysis excludes top squarks with masses mt~2<575 GeV and mt~1<400 GeV at a 95% confidence level. © 2014 The Authors.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Higgs-Dilaton cosmology: Are there extra relativistic species?

Recent analyses of cosmological data suggest the presence of an extra
relativistic component beyond the Standard Model content. The Higgs-Dilaton
cosmological model predicts the existence of a massless particle -the dilaton-
associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance and
undetectable by any accelerator experiment. Its ultrarelativistic character
makes it a suitable candidate for contributing to the effective number of light
degrees of freedom in the Universe. In this Letter we analyze the dilaton
production at the (p)reheating stage right after inflation and conclude that no
extra relativistic degrees of freedom beyond those already present in the
Standard Model are expected within the simplest Higgs-Dilaton scenario. The
elusive dilaton remains thus essentially undetectable by any particle physics
experiment or cosmological observation.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, corrected typos; added reference
Characterizing intonation deficit in motor speech disorders : an autosegmental-metrical analysis of spontaneous speech in hypokinetic dysarthria, ataxic dysarthria and foreign accent syndrome

The autosegmental-metrical (AM) framework represents an established methodology for intonational analysis in unimpaired speaker populations but has found little application in describing intonation in motor speech disorders (MSDs). This study compared the intonation patterns of unimpaired participants (CON) and those with Parkinson's disease (PD), ataxic dysarthria (AT), and foreign accent syndrome (FAS) to evaluate the approach's potential for distinguishing types of MSDs from each other and from unimpaired speech. Spontaneous speech from 8 PD, 8 AT, 4 FAS, and 10 CON speakers were analyzed in relation to inventory and prevalence of pitch patterns, accentuation, and phrasing. Acoustic-phonetic baseline measures (maximum-phonation-duration, speech rate, and F0-variability) were also performed. Results: The analyses yielded differences between MSD and CON groups and between the clinical groups in regard to prevalence, accentuation, and phrasing. AT and FAS speakers used more rising and high pitch accents than PD and CON speakers. The AT group used the highest number of pitch accents per phrase, and all 3 MSD groups produced significantly shorter phrases than the CON group. The study succeeded in differentiating MSDs on the basis of intonational performances by using the AM approach, thus, demonstrating its potential for charting intonational profiles in clinical populations
Changes in neurocognitive architecture in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with continuous positive airway pressure.

BACKGROUND: \ud
\ud
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, multisystem disorder that has a bidirectional relationship with several major neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia. Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) offers some protection from the effects of OSA, although it is still unclear which populations should be targeted, for how long, and what the effects of treatment are on different organ systems. We investigated whether cognitive improvements can be achieved as early as one month into CPAP treatment in patients with OSA. -----\ud
\ud
METHODS: \ud
\ud
55 patients (mean (SD) age: 47.6 (11.1) years) with newly diagnosed moderate-severe OSA (Oxygen Desaturation Index: 36.6 (25.2) events/hour; Epworth sleepiness score (ESS): 12.8 (4.9)) and 35 matched healthy volunteers were studied. All participants underwent neurocognitive testing, neuroimaging and polysomnography. Patients were randomized into parallel groups: CPAP with best supportive care (BSC), or BSC alone for one month, after which they were re-tested. -----\ud
\ud
FINDINGS: \ud
\ud
One month of CPAP with BSC resulted in a hypertrophic trend in the right thalamus [mean difference (%): 4.04, 95% CI: 1.47 to 6.61], which was absent in the BSC group [-2.29, 95% CI: -4.34 to -0.24]. Significant improvement was also recorded in ESS, in the CPAP plus BSC group, following treatment [mean difference (%): -27.97, 95% CI: -36.75 to -19.19 vs 2.46, 95% CI: -5.23 to 10.15; P=0.012], correlated to neuroplastic changes in brainstem (r=-0.37; P=0.05), and improvements in delayed logical memory scores [57.20, 95% CI: 42.94 to 71.46 vs 23.41, 95% CI: 17.17 to 29.65; P=0.037]. -----\ud
\ud
INTERPRETATION: \ud
\ud
One month of CPAP treatment can lead to adaptive alterations in the neurocognitive architecture that underlies the reduced sleepiness, and improved verbal episodic memory in patients with OSA. We propose that partial neural recovery occurs during short periods of treatment with CPAP
What drives the international transfer of climate change mitigation technologies?: empirical evidence from patent data

Technology transfer plays a key role in global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we characterize the factors that promote or hinder the international diffusion of climate-friendly technologies using detailed patent data from 96 countries for the period 1995-2007. The data provide strong evidence that lax Intellectual Property regimes have a strong and negative impact on the international diffusion of patented knowledge. Restrictions on international trade and foreign direct investment also hinder the diffusion of climate-friendly technologies. Surprisingly, local technological capabilities tend to discourage transfers. While broad indicators of technology capabilities are expected to facilitate transfers, this latter result stems from our technology-specific definition of local capabilities, which makes it possible to capture a substitution effect between local and foreign inventions
Quasiperiodic attractors, Borel summability and the Bryuno condition for strongly dissipative systems

We consider a class of ordinary differential equations describing one-dimensional\ud
analytic systems with a quasiperiodic forcing term and in the presence of damping.\ud
In the limit of large damping, under some generic nondegeneracy condition on the\ud
force, there are quasiperiodic solutions which have the same frequency vector as\ud
the forcing term. We prove that such solutions are Borel summable at the origin\ud
when the frequency vector is either any one-dimensional number or a twodimensional\ud
vector such that the ratio of its components is an irrational number of\ud
constant type. In the first case the proof given simplifies that provided in a previous\ud
work of ours. We also show that in any dimension d, for the existence of a quasiperiodic\ud
solution with the same frequency vector as the forcing term, the standard\ud
Diophantine condition can be weakened into the Bryuno condition. In all cases,\ud
under a suitable positivity condition, the quasiperiodic solution is proved to describe\ud
a local attractor