pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson in pp collisions at
  sqrt(s) = 7, 8, and 13 TeV

Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson are presented. The data
collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to integrated
luminosities of 5.1, 19.7, and 2.3 inverse femtobarns at centre-of-mass
energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. The search channels target Higgs
boson production via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with
a vector boson. Upper limits are placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs
boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production
cross sections. The combination of all channels, assuming standard model
production, yields an observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible
branching fraction of 0.24 (0.23) at the 95% confidence level. The results are
also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-16-016/index.htm
KAM for autonomous quasi-linear perturbations of KdV

We prove the existence and the stability of Cantor families of quasi-periodic, small amplitude solutions of quasi-linear (i.e. strongly nonlinear) autonomous Hamiltonian differentiable perturbations of KdV. This is the first result that extends KAM theory to quasi-linear autonomous and parameter independent PDEs. The core of the proof is to find an approximate inverse of the linearized operators at each approximate solution and to prove that it satisfies tame estimates in Sobolev spaces. A symplectic decoupling procedure reduces the problem to the one of inverting the linearized operator restricted to the normal directions. For this aim we use pseudo-differential operator techniques to transform such linear PDE into an equation with constant coefficients up to smoothing remainders. Then a linear KAM reducibility technique completely diagonalizes such operator. We introduce the “initial conditions” as parameters by performing a “weak” Birkhoff normal form analysis, which is well adapted for quasi-linear perturbations
Two loop correction to interference in gg → ZZ.

We present results for the production of a pair of on-shell Z bosons via gluon-gluon fusion. This process occurs both through the production and decay of the Higgs boson, and through continuum production where the Z boson couples to a loop of massless quarks or to a massive quark. We calculate the interference of the two processes and its contribution to the cross section up to and including order O(αs3). The two-loop contributions to the amplitude are all known analytically, except for the continuum production through loops of top quarks of mass m. The latter contribution is important for the invariant mass of the two Z bosons, (as measured by the mass of their leptonic decay products, m4l), in a regime where m4l ≥ 2m because of the contributions of longitudinal bosons. We examine all the contributions to the virtual amplitude involving top quarks, as expansions about the heavy top quark limit combined with a conformal mapping and Padé approximants. Comparison with the analytic results, where known, allows us to assess the validity of the heavy quark expansion, and it extensions. We give results for the NLO corrections to this interference, including both real and virtual radiation
7-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-based derivatives for kinase inhibition: Co-crystallisation studies with Aurora-A reveal distinct differences in the orientation of the pyrazole N1-substituent.

Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in\ud
the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.003.Introduction of a 1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl moiety at C7 of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold provided 7a which inhibited a range of kinases including Aurora-A. Modification of the benzyl group in 7a, and subsequent co-crystallisation of the resulting analogues with Aurora-A indicated distinct differences in binding mode dependent upon the pyrazole N-substituent. Compounds 7a and 14d interact with the P-loop whereas 14a and 14b engage with Thr217 in the post-hinge region. These crystallographic insights provide options for the design of compounds interacting with the DFG motif or with Thr217.This work was supported by CRUK Grant numbers C309/A8274 and C309/A11566. S.L. is also supported by Breakthrough Breast Cancer. R.B. acknowledges the support of a Royal Society Research Fellowship, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Project Grant AURA 05/06 and MRC CASE studentship MR/K016903/1. We acknowledge NHS funding to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust. We also thank Dr Amin Mirza, Mr Meirion Richards, Dr Maggie Liu for their assistance with NMR, mass spectrometry and HPLC, and Dr Charlotte Dodson for Aurora-A protein production. We thank Diamond Light Source for beamtime and the staff of beamlines I03 and I04 for assistance with data collection.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Horizon scanning the European bio-based economy: a novel approach to the identification of barriers and key policy interventions from stakeholders in multiple sectors and regions

There is international recognition that developing a climate-smart bioeconomy is essential to the continuation of economic development, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation to climatic change; Bio-based products have an important role in making this transition happen. Supporting policy interventions have been put forward at European and national levels to support innovation and development of bio-based products and services. This study asks whether suggested policy interventions reflect the needs of stakeholders and examines how these needs vary between European regions. This consultation was performed through an online survey of 447 experts actively involved in bio-based research, industry, and governance across Europe. The majority of responses received were from stakeholders in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK which are examined in greater depth. Climate change was clearly an important driver for bio-based innovation as 86% of the respondents considered climate change to be a significant threat. There were clear differences between regions but also areas of consensus between stakeholders across the European regions surveyed. In particular there was consensus regarding the need for improved access to financial support and the need to ensure continuity of policy. The need to build investor confidence through demonstration of bio-based technologies, the provision of greater clarity regarding best conversion routes for specific feedstocks, and the need to promote a culture of industrial symbiosis were also regarded as important interventions
Managing change in the delivery of complex projects: Configuration management, asset information and 'big data'

As we enter an era of 'big data', asset information is becoming a deliverable of complex projects. Prior research suggests digital technologies enable rapid, flexible forms of project organizing. This research analyses practices of managing change in Airbus, CERN and Crossrail, through desk-based review, interviews, visits and a cross-case workshop. These organizations deliver complex projects, rely on digital technologies to manage large data-sets; and use configuration management, a systems engineering approach with mid-20th century origins, to establish and maintain integrity. In them, configuration management has become more, rather than less, important. Asset information is structured, with change managed through digital systems, using relatively hierarchical, asynchronous and sequential processes. The paper contributes by uncovering limits to flexibility in complex projects where integrity is important. Challenges of managing change are discussed, considering the evolving nature of configuration management; potential use of analytics on complex projects; and implications for research and practice
The RNA Binding Protein IMP2 Preserves Glioblastoma Stem Cells by Preventing let-7 Target Gene Silencing.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can drive tumor growth, and their maintenance may rely on post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, including that mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The let-7 miRNA family has been shown to induce differentiation by silencing stem cell programs. Let-7-mediated target gene suppression is prevented by LIN28A/B, which reduce let-7 biogenesis in normal embryonic and some cancer stem cells and ensure maintenance of stemness. Here, we find that glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) lack LIN28 and express both let-7 and their target genes, suggesting LIN28-independent protection from let-7 silencing. Using photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), we show that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IMP2) binds to let-7 miRNA recognition elements (MREs) and prevents let-7 target gene silencing. Our observations define the RNA-binding repertoire of IMP2 and identify a mechanism whereby it supports GSC and neural stem cell specification
Analysis of fluid resuscitation in critically injured patients: a central role of saline solutions

Objective: Multiple injury patients are mostly in the productive age group and are at high risk of dying by exsanguination. In this study, the focus was set on fluid resuscitation, death, and outcome of critically injured patients.\ud
Methods: In total, 2956 patients were included in this sample. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 16 years and injury severity score ≥ 16. The sample was divided into groups of patients who died within 72 hours of injury and those who survived. Differences between the groups were measured by analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test for parametric data. Independent predictors were analyzed by logistic regression, and the predictive quality was analyzed by receiver operating curves. The given volumina were normalized according the Trauma Score—Injury Severity Score of each patient. All analyses were performed using SPSS.\ud
Results: The binary logistic regression revealed the given amount of saline solutions and colloids within the first 48 hours as independent predictors of survival (p < 0.001, p = 0.003). The receiver operating curves revealed that the area under the curve increased as a function of time, and after 48 hours it was 0.825 for saline solutions and 0.702 for colloids for survival.\ud
Conclusion: Fluid resuscitation does not negatively influence survival; however, the amount of fluids given within the first 24 hours after trauma is an independent predictor of survival with very good predictive quality
Strategies for cancer prevention in India - catching the 'low hanging fruits'

Cancer is a growing problem in India, with over 1 million new cases estimated in 2012 alone. In November 2013, organizers of the Indian Cancer Congress (a joint meeting of four of the largest oncology associations in India) invited a panel with mixed expertise including epidemiology, surgical oncology, health economics, environmental science, and health systems to conduct a round table meeting on strategies for cancer prevention in India, with a special focus on non-tobacco risk factors. We present a summary of the group recommendations here. While tobacco use remains the most important preventable cause of cancer, a substantial number of preventable cancers can be attributed to non-tobacco risk factors including infections, alcohol use, dietary factors, physical activity/body composition, and environmental and occupational exposures. Strategies presented range from early diagnosis of cancers (including innovative health communication strategies to increase awareness), to consideration of secure spaces and facilities for exercise in urban design and planning. Cancer prevention and the control of non-communicable disease risk factors should be an integral part of the risk-benefit analysis of cross-sectoral and international trade agreements, as well as public policy directed at the Indian agro-economy.M.R. Mathur, A. Singh, P.K. Dhillon, S. Dey, R. Sullivan, K.K. Jain, M. Arora, T. Patel, D. Prabhakaran, P. Rajarama
Measurement of charged-particle spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at rootSNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle spectra obtained in Pb+Pb interactions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV and pp interactions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented, using data with integrated luminosities of 0.15 nb⁻¹ and 4.2 pb⁻¹, respectively, in a wide transverse momentum (0.5 < pT< 150 GeV) and pseudorapidity (|η| < 2) range. For Pb+Pb collisions, the spectra are presented as a function of collision centrality, which is determined by the response of the forward calorimeters located on both sides of the interaction point. The nuclear modification factors RAA and RCP are presented in detail as a function of centrality, pT and η. They show a distinct pT-dependence with a pronounced minimum at about 7 GeV. Above 60 GeV, RAA is consistent with a plateau at a centrality-dependent value, within the uncertainties. The value is 0.55 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(syst.) in the most central collisions. The RAA distribution is consistent with flat |η| dependence over the whole transverse momentum range in all centrality classes.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
VORTICITY, SHOCKS, AND MAGNETIC FIELDS IN SUBSONIC, ICM- LIKE TURBULENCE

We analyze data from high resolution simulations of the generation of compressible, MHD turbulence with properties chosen to resemble conditions in galaxy clusters. In particular, the flow is driven to have turbulence Mach number M-t similar to 1/2 in an isothermal medium with an initially very weak, uniform seed magnetic field (beta = P-g/P-B= 10(6)). Since cluster turbulence is likely to result from a mix of sheared (solenoidal) and compressive forcing processes, we examine the distinct turbulence properties for both cases. In one set of simulations velocity forcing is entirely solenoidal (del . delta u= 0), while in the other it is entirely compressive (del x delta u = 0). Both cases develop a mixture of solenoidal and compressive turbulent motions, since each generates the other. The development of compressive turbulent motions leads to shocks, even when the turbulence is solenoidally forced and subsonic. Shocks, in turn, produce and amplify vorticity, which is especially important in compressively forced turbulence. To clarify those processes we include a pair of appendices that look in detail at vorticity evolution in association with shocks. From our simulation analyses we find that magnetic fields amplified to near saturation levels in predominantly solenoidal turbulence can actually enhance vorticity on small scales by concentrating and stabilizing shear. The properties, evolution rates, and relative contributions of the kinetic and magnetic turbulent elements depend strongly on the character of the forcing. Specifically, shocks are stronger, but vorticity evolution and magnetic field amplification are slower and weaker when the turbulence is compressively forced. We identify a simple relation to estimate characteristic shock strengths in terms of the turbulence Mach number and the character of the forcing. Our results will be helpful in understanding flow motions in galaxy clustersopen10
Quantum noise correlations and amplifiers in mesoscopic systems

This thesis work deals with a range of superconducting devices operated near the fundamental performance limits set by quantum mechanics along with the nature of quantum vacuum itself when perturbed by such devices. These devices are operated in a dilution refrigerator cooled down to sub-Kelvin temperatures. Low temperature is absolutely essential for quantum behavior of these devices and the minimal inherent noise contribution. Biased, selectively damped superconducting tunnel junction, (also known as the Josephson junction) displaying negative differential resistance, was employed to construct a device capable of amplifying weak microwave signal reflections from it. This device can be operated near the intrinsic precision limits set by the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Arrays of Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), operated below the critical current, can be used for metamaterial resonators whose resonant frequency can be quickly modulated by magnetic flux. These devices are operated as parametric amplifiers and they are capable of amplifying weak microwave signals near the quantum limit of noise. But more importantly, they are capable of perturbing the vacuum itself, which creates correlated photon pairs seeded by vacuum fluctuations. This effect is known as the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) and is demonstrated in this thesis work by using power and correlation measurements at microwave frequencies. Furthermore, investigations on the DCE have been extended using a double modulation scheme yielding vacuum-induced coherence and tripartite correlations. Nanocarbon devices have also been studied in this thesis, in particular a wideband low noise nanotube electrometer constructed from a nanotube with proximity induced superconductivity. This device has certain unique benefits when operated in a microwave environment which are discussed in the thesis. Another nanocarbon device, a double quantum dot constructed from graphene and superconducting leads has been used to demonstrate Cooper-pair splitting. This device operates as a tunable source of entangled electrons
The impact of investor protection law on corporate policy and performance: evidence from the blue sky laws

Recent studies have debated the impact of investor protection law on corporate behavior and value. I exploit the staggered passage of state securities fraud statutes (“blue sky laws”) in the United States to estimate the causal effects of investor protection law on firm financing decisions and investment activity. The statutes induce firms to increase dividends, issue equity, and grow in size. The laws also facilitate improvements in operating performance and market valuations. Overall, the evidence is strongly supportive of theoretical models that predict investor protection law has a significant impact on corporate policy and performance
Genome-wide Association for Major Depression Through Age at Onset Stratification: Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.\ud
This article is open access.Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, and despite a known heritable component, a large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies revealed no replicable genetic risk variants. Given prior evidence of heterogeneity by age at onset in MDD, we tested whether genome-wide significant risk variants for MDD could be identified in cases subdivided by age at onset.Discovery case-control genome-wide association studies were performed where cases were stratified using increasing/decreasing age-at-onset cutoffs; significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were tested in nine independent replication samples, giving a total sample of 22,158 cases and 133,749 control subjects for subsetting. Polygenic score analysis was used to examine whether differences in shared genetic risk exists between earlier and adult-onset MDD with commonly comorbid disorders of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and coronary artery disease.We identified one replicated genome-wide significant locus associated with adult-onset (>27 years) MDD (rs7647854, odds ratio: 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.21, p = 5.2 × 10(-11)). Using polygenic score analyses, we show that earlier-onset MDD is genetically more similar to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than adult-onset MDD.We demonstrate that using additional phenotype data previously collected by genetic studies to tackle phenotypic heterogeneity in MDD can successfully lead to the discovery of genetic risk factor despite reduced sample size. Furthermore, our results suggest that the genetic susceptibility to MDD differs between adult- and earlier-onset MDD, with earlier-onset cases having a greater genetic overlap with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Coulomb branch and the moduli space of instantons.

The moduli space of instantons on ℂ2 for any simple gauge group is studied using the Coulomb branch of  N=4N=4  gauge theories in three dimensions. For a given simple group G, the Hilbert series of such an instanton moduli space is computed from the Coulomb branch of the quiver given by the over-extended Dynkin diagram of G. The computation includes the cases of non-simply-laced gauge groups G, complementing the ADHM constructions which are not available for exceptional gauge groups. Even though the Lagrangian description for non-simply laced Dynkin diagrams is not currently known, the prescription for computing the Coulomb branch Hilbert series of such diagrams is very simple. For instanton numbers one and two, the results are in agreement with previous works. New results and general features for the moduli spaces of three and higher instanton numbers are reported and discussed in detail
High-resolution stochastic integrated thermal–electrical domestic demand model

AbstractThis paper describes the extension of CREST’s existing electrical domestic demand model into an integrated thermal–electrical demand model. The principle novelty of the model is its integrated structure such that the timing of thermal and electrical output variables are appropriately correlated. The model has been developed primarily for low-voltage network analysis and the model’s ability to account for demand diversity is of critical importance for this application. The model, however, can also serve as a basis for modelling domestic energy demands within the broader field of urban energy systems analysis. The new model includes the previously published components associated with electrical demand and generation (appliances, lighting, and photovoltaics) and integrates these with an updated occupancy model, a solar thermal collector model, and new thermal models including a low-order building thermal model, domestic hot water consumption, thermostat and timer controls and gas boilers. The paper reviews the state-of-the-art in high-resolution domestic demand modelling, describes the model, and compares its output with three independent validation datasets. The integrated model remains an open-source development in Excel VBA and is freely available to download for users to configure and extend, or to incorporate into other models