pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dynamical parameter determinations in Pluto's system. Expected constraints from the New Horizons mission to Pluto

Reproduced with permission. Copyright ESO. The original publication is available at www.aanda.org.International audiencePluto is the multiple system that has been observed the longest. Yet, the masses of its smallest satellites, Nix and Hydra, which were discovered in 2005, are still imprecisely known, because of the short time span and number of available observations. We present a numerical model that takes into account the second order gravity fields and Pluto's orbital motion in the solar system. We investigated the dynamical parameters that may be reliably determined today. We also assessed the possible improvements on the parameter uncertainties with the future increase of observations, including the New Horizons mission. Fitting our model to simulated data, we show that the precision of observations prevents the quantification of the polar oblateness J2 and equatorial bulge c22 of Pluto and Charon. Similarly, we show that the masses are on the detection limit. In particular, unless 25 observations are made every year, the mass of Nix may be constrained with confidence only with New Horizons data. Hydra's mass will only be constrained by the probe. The recent discovery of P4 might change this situation, but our knowledge of this object is still too vague to draw any conclusion
Shell instability of a collapsing dense core

International audienceAims. Understanding the formation of binary and multiple stellar systems largely comes down to studying the circumstances under which a condensing core fragments (or not) during the first stages of the collapse. However, both the probability of fragmentation and the number of fragments seem to be determined to a large degree by the initial conditions. In this work we explore this dependence by studying the fate of the linear perturbations of a homogeneous gas sphere, both analytically and numerically.Methods. In particular, we investigate the stability of the well-known homologous solution that describes the collapse of a uniform spherical cloud. One problem that arises in such treatments is the mathematical singularity in the perturbation equations, which corresponds to the location of the sonic point of the flow. This difficulty is surpassed here by explicitly introducing a weak shock next to the sonic point as a natural way of connecting the subsonic to the supersonic regimes. In parallel, we perform adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) numerical simulations of the linear stages of the collapse and compare the growth rates obtained by each method.Results. With this combination of analytical and numerical tools, we explore the behavior of both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric perturbations. The numerical experiments provide the linear growth rates as a function of the core’s initial virial parameter and as a function of the azimuthal wave number of the perturbation. The overlapping regime of the numerical experiments and the analytical predictions is the situation of a cold and large cloud, and in this regime the analytically calculated growth rates agree very well with the ones obtained from the simulations.Conclusions. The use of a weak shock as part of the perturbation allows us to find physically acceptable solutions to the equations for a continuous range of growth rates. The numerical simulations agree very well with the analytical prediction for the most unstable cores, while they impose a limit of a virial parameter of 0.1 for core fragmentation in the absence of rotation
When our genome is targeted by pathogenic bacteria.

International audienceEukaryotic cells repair thousands of lesions arising in the genome at each cell cycle. The most hazardous damage is likely DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that cleave the double helix backbone. DSBs occur naturally during T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin gene recombination in lymphocytes. DSBs can also arise as a consequence of exogenous stresses (e.g. ionizing irradiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, viruses) or oxidative processes. An increasing number of studies have reported that infection with pathogenic bacteria also alters the host genome, producing DSB and other modifications on DNA. This review focuses on recent data on bacteria-induced DNA damage and the known strategies used by these pathogens to maintain a physiological niche in the host. Even after DNA repair in infected cells, “scars” often remain on chromosomes and might generate genomic instability at the next cell division. Chronic inflammation in tissue, combined with infection and DNA damage, can give rise to genomic instability and eventually cancer. A functional link between the DNA damage response and the innate immune response has been recently established. Pathogenic bacteria also highjack the host cell cycle, often acting on the stability of the master regulator p53, or dampen the DNA damage response to support bacterial replication in an appropriate reservoir. Except in a few cases, the molecular mechanisms responsible for DNA lesions are poorly understood, although ROS release during infection is a serious candidate for generating DNA breaks. Thus, chronic or repetitive infections with genotoxic bacteria represent a common source of DNA lesions that compromise host genome integrity
How to use 2D gel electrophoresis in plant proteomics.

International audienceTwo-dimensional electrophoresis has nurtured the birth of proteomics. It is however no longer the exclusive setup used in proteomics, with the development of shotgun proteomics techniques that appear more fancy and fashionable nowadays.Nevertheless, 2D gel-based proteomics still has valuable features, and sometimes unique ones, which make it often an attractive choice when a proteomics strategy must be selected. These features are detailed in this chapter, as is the rationale for selecting or not 2D gel-based proteomics as a proteomic strategy
Multiscale structure of sheet nacre.

This work was conducted on Pinctada maxima nacre (mother of pearl) in order to understand its multiscale ordering and the role of the organic matrix in its structure. Intermittent-contact atomic force microscopy with phase detection imaging reveals a nanostructure within the tablet. A continuous organic framework divides each tablet into nanograins. Their shape is supposed to be flat with a mean extension of 45 nm. TEM performed in the darkfield mode evidences that at least part of the intracrystalline matrix is crystallized and responds like a ‘single crystal'. The tablet is a ‘hybrid composite'. The organic matrix is continuous. The mineral phase is thus finely divided still behaving as a single crystal. It is proposed that each tablet results from the coherent aggregation of nanograins keeping strictly the same crystallographic orientation thanks to a hetero-epitaxy mechanism. Finally, high-resolution TEM performed on bridges from one tablet to the next, in the overlying row, did not permit to evidence a mineral lattice but crystallized organic bridges. The same organic bridges were evidenced by SEM in the interlaminar sequence
Geomorphology of the Imhotep region on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from OSIRIS observations

International audienceSince August 2014, the OSIRIS Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has acquired high spatial resolution images of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, down to the decimeter scale. This paper focuses on the Imhotep region, located on the largest lobe of the nucleus, near the equator.Aims. We map, inventory, and describe the geomorphology of the Imhotep region. We propose and discuss some processes to explain the formation and ongoing evolution of this region.Methods. We used OSIRIS NAC images, gravitational heights and slopes, and digital terrain models to map and measure the mor- phologies of Imhotep.Results. The Imhotep region presents a wide variety of terrains and morphologies: smooth and rocky terrains, bright areas, linear features, roundish features, and boulders. Gravity processes such as mass wasting and collapse play a significant role in the geomor- phological evolution of this region. Cometary processes initiate erosion and are responsible for the formation of degassing conduits that are revealed by elevated roundish features on the surface. We also propose a scenario for the formation and evolution of the Imhotep region; this implies the presence of large primordial voids inside the nucleus, resulting from its formation process
Cenozoic tectono-geomorphological growth of the SW Chinese Tian Shan: insight from AFT and detrital zircon U-Pb data

International audienceAs a unique example of the intracontinental mountain building, the Cenozoic deformation of the Tian Shan has been widely studied. The onset of Cenozoic exhumation of the SW Chinese Tian Shan was constrained at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. However, the Cenozoic tectono-geomorphological growth process of the SW Chinese Tian Shan and adjacent piedmont basins remains a challenge. In this study, we carried out the geological mapping of satellite images and field investigations together with the apatite fission track (AFT) and detrital zircon U-Pb analyses to get further understanding of the Cenozoic tectonic deformation and geomorphological growth of the SW Chinese Tian Shan. Our results indicate that the exhumation of Maidan fault or topography growing of the Kokshaal Range commenced in the late Eocene ∼ Oligocene (35 - 25 Ma). Then, the structural deformation migrated southward to the Muziduke fault and the Atushi Basin Thrust (ABT) at ∼ 15 Ma. The growth strata of 6 - 3 Ma on the south flank of Keketamu Anticline imply that tectonic deformation propagates further basinward. Furthermore, the uplift of the Kokshaal Range also strongly affected the evolution of piedmont basins. The results suggest that the Atushi Basin was still likely linked to the Aksai Basin during the early Miocene. They were separated into two independent basins since ca. 13.7 - 10.5 Ma, as a response to the rapid uplift of the Kokshaal Range. Finally, we infer that the southeastern part of dextral Talas-Fergana fault (TFF) is likely transferred to the NEE-trending thrust faults of the SW Chinese Tian Shan since ∼ 15 Ma
Effect of aseismic ridge subduction on slab geometry and overriding plate deformation: Insights from analogue modeling

International audienceWe present analogue models simulating the subduction of a buoyant ridge beneath an advancing overriding plate whose velocity is imposed by lateral boundary conditions. We analyze the 3D geometry of the slab, the deformation and topography of the overriding plate. Ridge subduction diminishes the dip of the slab, eventually leading to the appearance of a horizontal slab segment. This result contrasts with that obtained in free subduction experiments, in which ridge subduction diminishes the convergence velocity which, in turn, increases the dip of the slab beneath the ridge. The slab dip decrease is accompanied by the indentation of the overriding plate by the ridge, resulting in arc curvature. Indentation is larger for small convergence velocity and large slab dip. Ridge subduction also uplifts the overriding plate. Uplift first occurs close to the trench (~fore-arc area) and is accompanied by the flexural subsidence of the overriding plate behind the uplifted area (~back-arc subsidence). The uplifted area migrates within the overriding plate interiors following the appearance of a horizontal slab segment. These results are compared with natural examples of ridge subduction in the circum-Pacific area. They explain why ridge subduction may have contrasted effects on the overriding plate dynamics depending on the global conditions that constrain the converging system
Extremely reducing conditions reached during basaltic intrusion in organic matter-bearing sediments

International audienceRedox conditions in magma are widely interpreted as internally buffered and closely related to that of their mantle source regions. We use thermodynamic calculations to show that high-temperature interaction between magma and organic matter can lead to a dramatic reduction of the magma redox state, and significant departure from that of the original source. Field studies provide direct evidence of the process that we describe, with reported occurrences of graphite and native iron in igneous mafic rocks, implying very reducing conditions that are almost unknown in average terrestrial magmas. We calculate that the addition of 0.6 wt% organic matter (in the form of CH or CH2) to a standard basalt triggers graphite and native iron crystallisation at depths of few hundred meters. Interaction with organic matter also profoundly affects the abundance and the redox state of the gases in equilibrium with the magma, which are CO-dominated with H2 as the second most abundant species on a molar basis, H2O and CO2 being minor constituents. The assimilation of only 0.1 wt% organic matter by a basalt causes a decrease in its oxygen fugacity of 2-orders of magnitude. The assimilation of 0.6 wt% organic matter at depths < 500 m implies minimum CO content in the magma of 1 wt%, other gas components being less than 0.1 wt%. In the light of our calculations, we suggest that the production of native iron-bearing lava flows and associated intrusions was most likely accompanied by degassing of CO-rich gases, whose fluxes depended on the magma production rates
Reply to the comment by A. Revil on ''Review of Self-potential methods in Hydrogeophysics'' by L. Jouniaux et al. [C. R. Geoscience 341 (2009) 928-936]

International audienceWe did not discuss subjects that are still not well understood and still being debated since the title of our paper includes "review". We did not review and discuss all aspects of the theoretical background based on microscaled thermodynamics because we focused on field applications in hydrogeophysics. Moreover we submitted our manuscript in 2008 and thus did not acknowledge any paper published in 2009. However this comment is of interest because it gives us the opportunity to provide more precision by answering some points
Multibeam bathymetry and sidescan imaging of the Rivera Transform–Moctezuma Spreading Segment junction, northern East Pacific Rise: New constraints on Rivera–Pacific relative plate motion

International audienceTo better understand the recent motion of the Pacific plate relative to the Rivera plate and to better define the limitations of the existing Rivera–Pacific plate motion models for accurately predicting this motion, total-field magnetic data, multibeam bathymetric data and sidescan sonar images were collected during the BART and FAMEX campaigns of the N/O L'Atalante conducted in April and May 2002 in the area surrounding the Moctezuma Spreading Segment of the East Pacific Rise, located offshore of Manzanillo, Mexico, at 106°16′W, between 17.8°N and 18.5°N. Among the main results are: (1) the principle transform displacement zone of the Rivera Transform is narrow and well defined east of 107o15′W and these azimuths should be used preferentially when deriving new plate motion models, and (2) spreading rates along the Moctezuma Spreading Segment should not be used in plate motion studies as either seafloor spreading has been accommodated at more than one location since the initiation of seafloor spreading in the area of the Moctezuma Spreading Segment, or this spreading center is not a Rivera–Pacific plate boundary as has been previously assumed. Comparison of observed transform azimuths with those predicted by the best-fit poles of six previous models of Rivera–Pacific relative motion indicate that, in the study area, a significant systematic bias is present in the predictions of Rivera–Pacific motion. Although the exact source of this bias remains unclear, this bias indicates the need to derive a new Rivera–Pacific relative plate motion model
What is responsible for thermal coupling in layered convection ?

Laboratory experiments have been conducted on convection in a layered system. The system consists in two liquid layers of equal thickness. The liquids are immiscible : the upper one is silicon oil, and the lower one is glycerol. The structure of convection has been analysed, and data obtained both on the temperature field and the velocity field. It is shown that the coupling between the two convecting systems in « thermal », i.e. convection cells are superposed with uprising currents above uprisings. This result is surprising because it contradicts numerical experiments recently obtained for layered convection. These find « mechanical » coupling (cells are superposed but turn in opposite senses) to be the stable mode for the conditions we tried to reproduce in the laboratory. Several tests have been conducted in order to isolate the phenomenon which is responsible for the discrepancy between the two types of analyses. A tentative mechanism is proposed : it involves an equivalent interfacial longitudinal viscosity, whose origin is not yet clearly understood
A pro-active stratospheric ozone protection scenario

International audienceWe explore the consequences of an earlier phase-out of Ozone Depleting Substances, starting ten years before the Montreal Protocol. Atmospheric chemistry simulations verify the effectiveness of such an early-action scenario: stratospheric chlorine abundance remains below the level at which the ozone hole was discovered, even though countries are permanently allowed to continue using ODS to a non-negligible extent. A sectorally detailed technico-economic analysis finds that the additional cost of the earlier action scenario would have been moderate. We conclude that the Montreal Protocol was only partially successful at precaution: global atmospheric environmental problems could be regulated before surprising non-linearities occur
BCL-B (BCL2L10) is overexpressed in patients suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) and drives an MM-like disease in transgenic mice

International audienceMultiple myeloma (MM) evolves from a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, the factors underlying the malignant transformation of plasmocytes in MM are not fully characterized. We report here that Eµ-directed expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-B protein in mice drives an MM phenotype that reproduces accurately the human disease. Indeed, with age, Eµ-bcl-b transgenic mice develop the characteristic features of human MM, including bone malignant plasma cell infiltration, a monoclonal immunoglobulin peak, immunoglobulin deposit in renal tubules, and highly characteristic bone lytic lesions. In addition, the tumors are serially transplantable in irradiated wild-type mice, underlying the tumoral origin of the disease. Eµ-bcl-b plasmocytes show increased expression of a panel of genes known to be dysregulated in human MM pathogenesis. Treatment of Eµ-bcl-b mice with drugs currently used to treat patients such as melphalan and VELCADE efficiently kills malignant plasmocytes in vivo. Finally, we find that Bcl-B is overexpressed in plasmocytes from MM patients but neither in MGUS patients nor in healthy individuals, suggesting that Bcl-B may drive MM. These findings suggest that Bcl-B could be an important factor in MM disease and pinpoint Eµ-bcl-b mice as a pertinent model to validate new therapies in MM
A plethora of generalised solitary gravity-capillary water waves

20 pages, 7 figures, 45 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/International audienceThe present study describes, first, an efficient algorithm for computing capillary-gravity solitary waves solutions of the irrotational Euler equations with a free surface and, second, provides numerical evidences of the existence of an infinite number of generalised solitary waves (solitary waves with undamped oscillatory wings). Using conformal mapping, the unknown fluid domain, which is to be determined, is mapped into a uniform strip of the complex plane. In the transformed domain, a Babenko-like equation is then derived and solved numerically
Fast accurate computation of the fully nonlinear solitary surface gravity waves

8 pages, 4 figures, 22 references. Other authors papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/International audienceIn this short note, we present an easy to implement and fast algorithm for the computation of the steady solitary gravity wave solution of the free surface Euler equations in irrotational motion. First, the problem is reformulated in a fixed domain using the conformal mapping technique. Second, the problem is reduced to a single equation for the free surface. Third, this equation is solved using Petviashvili's iterations together with pseudo-spectral discretisation. This method has a super-linear complexity, since the most demanding operations can be performed using a FFT algorithm. Moreover, when this algorithm is combined with the multi-precision arithmetics, the results can be obtained to any arbitrary accuracy
On the Neutrality of Flowshop Scheduling Fitness Landscapes

International audienceSolving efficiently complex problems using metaheuristics, and in particular local searches, requires incorporating knowledge about the problem to solve. In this paper, the permutation flowshop problem is studied. It is well known that in such problems, several solutions may have the same fitness value. As this neutrality property is an important one, it should be taken into account during the design of optimization methods. Then in the context of the permutation flowshop, a deep landscape analysis focused on the neutrality property is driven and propositions on the way to use this neutrality to guide efficiently the search are given
A relation-algebraic approach to simple games

International audienceSimple games are a powerful tool to analyze decision - making and coalition formation in social and political life. In this paper, we present relation-algebraic models of simple games and develop relational specifications for solving some basic problems of them. In particular, we test certain fundamental properties of simple games and compute specific players and coalitions. We also apply relation algebra to determine power indices. This leads to relation-algebraic specifications, which can be evaluated with the help of the BDD-based tool RelView after a simple translation into the tool's programming language. In order to demonstrate the visualization facilities of RelView, we consider an example of the Catalonian Parliament after the 2003 election
Waste-​glass recycling: A step toward microwave applications

International audienceThis study deals with microwave properties of glass foams prepd. from glass industrial waste. Two types of cullets (one from soda-​lime silicate glasses and the other from cathodic ray tubes - CRT) have been combined with different foaming agents (C, SiC, AlN)​. Glass foams electromagnetic properties are primarily detd. by their apparent d. as well as by the nature of the foaming agent. Foams, blown with carbon as foaming agent, present high dielec. loss and could be used as green electromagnetic absorbent in building industry