pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The FIP and Inverse FIP Effects in Solar and Stellar Coronae

We review our state of knowledge of coronal element abundance anomalies in
the Sun and stars. We concentrate on the first ionization potential (FIP)
effect observed in the solar corona and slow-speed wind, and in the coronae of
solar-like dwarf stars, and the "inverse FIP" effect seen in the corona of
stars of later spectral type; specifically M dwarfs. These effects relate to
the enhancement or depletion, respectively, in coronal abundance with respect
to photospheric values of elements with FIP below about 10~eV. They are
interpreted in terms of the ponderomotive force due to the propagation and/or
reflection of magnetohydrodynamic waves in the chromosphere. This acts on
chromospheric ions, but not neutrals, and so can lead to ion-neutral
fractionation.
  A detailed description of the model applied to closed magnetic loops, and to
open field regions is given, accounting for the observed difference in solar
FIP fractionation between the slow and fast wind. It is shown that such a model
can also account for the observed depletion of helium in the solar wind. The
helium depletion is sensitive to the chromospheric altitude where ion-neutral
separation occurs, and the behavior of the helium abundance in the closed
magnetic loop strongly suggests that the waves have a coronal origin. This, and
other similar inferences may be expected to have a strong bearing on theories
of solar coronal heating.
  Chromospheric waves originating from below as acoustic waves mode convert,
mainly to fast mode waves, can also give rise to ion-neutral separation.
Depending on the geometry of the magnetic field, this can result in FIP or
Inverse FIP effects. We argue that such configurations are more likely to occur
in later-type stars (known to have stronger field in any case), and that this
explains the occurrence of the Inverse FIP effect in M dwarfs.Comment: Review paper submitted to Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 74 pages.
  Some material revised and updated from astro-ph/0405230, arXiv:0901.3350,
  arXiv:1110.435
Interaction Between Convection and Pulsation

This article reviews our current understanding of modelling convection
dynamics in stars. Several semi-analytical time-dependent convection models
have been proposed for pulsating one-dimensional stellar structures with
different formulations for how the convective turbulent velocity field couples
with the global stellar oscillations. In this review we put emphasis on two,
widely used, time-dependent convection formulations for estimating pulsation
properties in one-dimensional stellar models. Applications to pulsating stars
are presented with results for oscillation properties, such as the effects of
convection dynamics on the oscillation frequencies, or the stability of
pulsation modes, in classical pulsators and in stars supporting solar-type
oscillations.Comment: Invited review article for Living Reviews in Solar Physics. 88 pages,
  14 figure
Upper bounds for edge-antipodal and subequilateral polytopes

A polytope in a finite-dimensional normed space is subequilateral if the
length in the norm of each of its edges equals its diameter. Subequilateral
polytopes occur in the study of two unrelated subjects: surface energy
minimizing cones and edge-antipodal polytopes. We show that the number of
vertices of a subequilateral polytope in any d-dimensional normed space is
bounded above by (d/2+1)^d for any d >= 2. The same upper bound then follows
for the number of vertices of the edge-antipodal polytopes introduced by
I.Talata (Period. Math. Hungar. 38 (1999), 231--246). This is a constructive
improvement to the result of A.P\'or (to appear) that for each dimension d
there exists an upper bound f(d) for the number of vertices of an
edge-antipodal d-polytopes. We also show that in d-dimensional Euclidean space
the only subequilateral polytopes are equilateral simplices.Comment: 7 page
A review of pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds: sources, effects, removal, and detections

There are growing concerns about the increasing trends of emerging micropollutants in the environment due to their potential negative impacts on natural ecosystems and humans. This has attracted attention from both governmental and non-governmental organisations worldwide. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors are continuously being released consciously or unconsciously into water sources due to poor regulatory frameworks especially in the developing countries. The effects of these contaminants are poorly known. They are not easily biodegradable and have become an environmental nuisance and public health issue. This has heightened the risk of exposure to their deleterious effects in such countries where the majority of the population are still struggling to have access to good quality drinking water supplies and better sanitation. With the rising fear of short- and long-term impacts of the ever-increasing number of persistent recalcitrant organic compounds accumulating in the environment, their removal is gradually becoming an issue to the water treatment industry. Hence, there is a need to develop functional techniques for the management of water contaminated by these emerging contaminants so as to increase the availability and access to safe and good-quality drinking water. We conducted a narrative review on these emerging micropollutants and examined their various documented sources, effects, as well as recent techniques for their effective removal. This becomes necessary due to the increasing occurrence of these pollutants in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. These levels are expected to further increase in the coming years as a consequence of the ever-increasing population density which undoubtedly characterizes developing economies. Our findings show that the present reported treatment techniques in the literature such as biological oxidation/biodegradation, coagulation/flocculation, ozonation, el ectrodialysis, reverse osmosis, sedimentation, filtration, and activated carbon were not designed for removal of these newly identified contaminants, and as such, the techniques are not sufficient and unable to completely degrade the compounds. We therefore recommended the need for concerted efforts to develop better techniques, especially combined advanced oxidative methods to address the shortcomings of and growing challenge to current practices.Web of Scienc
Improved multiplex-PCR method for the simultaneous detection of food bacteria producing biogenic amines

The presence of biogenic amines in foods is of considerable\ud
public concern for the food industry and the regulatory\ud
agencies, since given the potential health hazard, there is a\ud
growing demand from consumers and control authorities to reduce\ud
the allowable limits of biogenic amines in foods and beverages.\ud
Rapid and simple methods are needed for the analysis\ud
of the ability to form biogenic amines by bacteria in order to\ud
evaluate the potential risk of bacterial occurring in some food\ud
products. Analytical chromatographic methods used for routine\ud
biogenic amine analysis of food substrates have been applied\ud
to bacterial cultures. Specifi c differential culture media for the\ud
presumptive identifi cation of biogenic amine-producer bacteria\ud
have been developed. Recently, several PCR based methods targeting\ud
amino acid decarboxylases have been described. These\ud
latter molecular methods, in addition to its rapidity and specifi city,\ud
offer the advantage of the identifi cation of producer bacteria\ud
before the amine is synthesizedThis work was supported by grant AGL2005-00470 from the\ud
CICYT and RM03-002 from INIA. The technical assistance ofM. V. Santamaría and A. Gómez is greatly appreciated. A. Marcobal\ud
was a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship and B. de las\ud
Rivas of a postdoctoral fellowship both from the Comunidad de\ud
Madrid.Peer reviewe
Using an oilseed rape x wild/weedy relative gene flow index for the monitoring of transgenic oilseed rape

To estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP) between transgenic oilseed rape and certain of its cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. A questionnaire was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation. Each step was described and scored, resulting in an IHP value for each cross-compatible wild/weedy relative. This approach revealed that in Flanders (Belgium) Brassica rapa has the highest IHP value, followed by Hirschfeldia incana, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Raphanus raphanistrum and Sinapis arvensis. Using these values, monitoring priorities can be defined within the pool of cross-compatible wild/weedy oilseed rape relatives. It is discussed how the numerical quantification may serve as a valuable tool in case-specific monitoring and general surveillance of transgenic oilseed rape
Pesticide Environmental Accounting: A decision-making tool estimating external costs of pesticides

In cost-benefit analyses of pesticide use an area-based measure of both costs and benefits is needed for spatial analysis of net benefits. The pesticide environmental accounting (PEA) tool provides a monetary estimate of environmental and health impacts per hectare-application of pesticide (Leach and Mumford 2008). The model combines the Environmental Impact Quotient method (rating human health and eco-toxicological behaviour of specific pesticides) with absolute estimates of external pesticide costs in the UK, USA and Germany. The model converts external costs of a pesticide to other countries using GDP per capita and % GDP from agriculture. For many countries, resources are not available for intensive assessments of external pesticide costs. Economic and policy applications include rationalising pesticide choice, estimating impacts of pesticide reduction policies or calculating benefits from technologies that replace pesticides [sterile insect technique (SIT) or biological pesticides such as Metarhizium]. PEA is a logical integration of diverse data and approaches. The assumptions provide transparency and consistency but at the cost of specificity and precision, a reasonable trade-off for a method that provides both comparative estimates of pesticide impacts and area-based assessments of absolute impacts. The method has been applied to cost-benefit analyses of SIT in fruit flies (two species) and pesticide choice in Desert Locust (DL) campaigns in Africa. An example of external cost calculations for sugar beet herbicides in Europe is presented. There are also planned uses in public health mosquito control
Light and Shadows over Petra: astronomy and landscape in Nabataean lands

13 pages, 8 figures.A statistical analysis of the orientation of Nabatean sacred monuments demonstrates that astronomical orientations were often part of an elaborated plan and possibly a trace of the astral nature of the Nabataean religion. Petra and other monuments in the ancient Nabataean kingdom have proven to be marvellous laboratories for the interaction between landscape features and astronomical events, showing impressive hierophanies on particular monuments related to cultic times and worships. Among other findings, the famous Ad Deir has shown a fascinating ensemble of light and shadow effects, perhaps connected with the bulk of Nabataean mythology, while from the impressive Urn Tomb, a series of suggestive solstitial and equinoctial alignments emanate which might have lately helped its selection as the cathedral of the city. This paper demonstrates that the sky was a substantial element in Nabataean religion and reveals new evidence for cultic worship centred on the celestial sphere.Peer reviewe
Geometry and Genius Loci: Battista Antonelli’s Fortifications in Havana

In the wake of the conquest of the New World by the Spanish crown at the end of the fifteenth century, the expansionist interests of the other major European powers had become so invasive as to convince the Spanish King Philip II of the need to develop a systematic project for the military defense of the most important ports and coastal areas of his new overseas colonies. Italian military engineer Battista Antonelli was the first to apply the methods and procedures of Renaissance military architecture to the construction of Philip’s fortifications in the New World. This paper analyses two important works of fortification that he designed and built in the city of Havana between the end of the sixteenth century and the beginning of the seventeenth: the Castillo de los Tres Reyes del Morro and the Castillo San Salvador de la Punta. Their completion not only introduced the European Renaissance culture of military architecture to the island, but also had a strong impact on the urban development of the city in general and its relationship with the surrounding territory
A metrological study of the Late Roman Fort of Umm al-Dabadib, Kharga Oasis (Egypt)

This article contains a first metrological analysis of the Late Roman Fort of Umm al-Dabadib, built at the beginning of the 4th century AD at the outskirts of the Kharga Oasis, in the Egyptian Western Desert. This site is currently under study by the Italian Archaeological Mission to Umm al-Dabadib; after completing the 3D survey of the building, the team moved to the study of its dimensional patterns. The resulting 3D model was tested for the use of Roman and Egyptian units of measurement, and revealed that the building was planned and built according to the Egyptian Reformed Cubit. The Fort of Umm al-Dabadib, therefore, currently represents the latest attestation of the use of the Egyptian cubit in architecture
T-cell subpopulations ???? and ???? in cord blood of very preterm infants :
                    The influence of intrauterine infection

Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are creditedPreterm infants are very susceptible to infections. Immune response mechanisms in this group of patients and factors that influence cord blood mononuclear cell populations remain poorly understood and are considered insufficient. However, competent immune functions of the cord blood mononuclear cells are also described. The aim of this work was to evaluate the T-cell population (CD3+) with its subpopulations bearing T-cell receptor (TCR) ???? or TCR ???? in the cord blood of preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation by mothers with or without an intrauterine infection. Being a pilot study, it also aimed at feasibility check and assessment of an expected effect size. The cord blood samples of 46 infants age were subjected to direct immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and then analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD3+ cells in neonates born by mothers with diagnosis of intrauterine infection was significantly lower than in neonates born by mothers without infection (p = 0.005; Mann-Whitney U test). The number of cells did not differ between groups. Infection present in the mother did not have an influence on the TCR ???? or TCR ???? subpopulations. Our study contributes to a better understanding of preterm infants' immune mechanisms, and sets the stage for further investigations
Response of Specific Immunoglobulin E to Foods in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Food allergy is a common condition that plays an important role in the pathogenicity and maintenance of atopic dermatitis (AD), however, must be carefully investigated before imposing a restrictive diet. the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity to foods in patients with AD, correlating it with the severity of the disease and other possible associated factors. One hundred and eleven children (6-180 months of age) with AD were evaluated and later followed up at the Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics at FMABC. the serum concentrations of specific IgE to cow's milk (CM), egg, soy, wheat, corn, peanut and fish were measured using an enzymatic fluorescence method (ImmunoCAP (TM)). in order to identify the clinical reactivity, the open oral provocation test was performed when specific IgE was positive to CM, egg and wheat and in all those who related symptoms after the intake of such foods regardless of the presence or absence of sensitization. in total, 40.5 % of the studied population was sensitized to at least one food allergen, especially those between 73 and 180 months of age. There was a higher prevalence of sensitization in children with more severe AD, and foods like CM, egg and wheat were the most involved, but with low clinical reactivity. We observed increased severity of AD in cases that initiated symptoms earlier and who had shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding as well as a linear increase in sensitization in the most serious cases. Serum-specific immunoglobulin E was the only factor associated with the relationship that showed sensitization. the occurrence of sensitization to foods was frequent, mainly in the age group of 6-9 years and in patients with severe AD; however, the validation of the clinical reactivity was negative in most of the provocations performed, which agrees with the need to prove the same before the imposition of restrictive diets, often unnecessary and complex.Assoc Brasileira Alergia & Imunopatol ASBAI, FMABC, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, FMABC, São Paulo, BrazilFMABC, Dept Pediat, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, FMABC, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Fetal/Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and Prevention

Published version. Source at <a href=http://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-015-0371-9>http://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-015-0371-9</a>.Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a relatively rare condition (1/1000–1/2000) that was granted orphan status by the European Medicines Agency in 2011. Clinical consequences of FNAIT, however, may be severe. A thrombocytopenic fetus or new-born is at risk of intracranial hemorrhage that may result in lifelong disability or death. Preventing such bleeding is thus vital and requires a solution. Anti-HPA1a antibodies are the most frequent cause of FNAIT in Caucasians. Its pathogenesis is similar to hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to anti-RhD antibodies, but is characterized by platelet destruction and is more often observed in the first pregnancy. In 75 % of these women, alloimmunization by HPA-1a antigens, however, occurs at delivery, which enables development of antibody-mediated immune suppression to prevent maternal immunization. As for HDN, the recurrence rate of FNAIT is high. For advancing diagnostic efforts and treatment, it is thereby crucial to understand the pathogenesis of FNAIT, including cellular immunity involvement. This review presents the current knowledge on FNAIT. Also described is a program for HPA-1a screening in identifying HPA-1a negative pregnant women at risk of immunization. This program is now performed at the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in cooperation with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education in Warsaw as well as the UiT The Arctic University of Norway
Novel Insights into the Roles of Rho Kinase in Cancer

Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. The ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Since the discovery of effective inhibitors such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored in numerous diseases, including cancer. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that ROCK plays important roles in tumor development and progression through regulating many key cellular functions associated with malignancy, including tumorigenicity, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis/survival and chemoresistance as well. This review focuses on the new advances of the most recent 5 years from the studies on the roles of ROCK in cancer development and progression; the discussion is mainly focused on the potential value of ROCK inhibitors in cancer therapy
Closed Light Paths in Equiangular Spiral Disks

A new type of deformation for microscopic laser disks, the
\textit{equiangular spiral deformation} is proposed. First a short review of
the geometry of light paths in equiangular spirals in the language of real
two-dimensional geometric calculus is given. Second, the constituting equations
for \textit{closed paths} inside equiangular spirals are derived. Third, their
numerical solution is performed and found to yield two generic types of closed
light paths. \textit{Degenerate} closed paths that exist over large intervals
of the deformation parameter, and \textit{nondegenerate} closed paths which
only exist over relatively small deformation parameter intervals spanning less
than 1% of the nondegenerate intervals. Fourth, amongst the nondegenerate paths
a \textit{stable asymmetric bow-tie} shaped light trajectory was found.Comment: 36 pages, 18 figure
Bicomplex quantum mechanics: I. The generalized Schr\"odinger equation

We introduce the set of bicomplex numbers $\mathbb{T}$ which is a commutative
ring with zero divisors defined by $\mathbb{T}=\{w_0+w_1
\bold{i_1}+w_2\bold{i_2}+w_3 \bold{j}| w_0,w_1,w_2,w_3 \in \mathbb{R}\}$ where
$\bold{i^{\text 2}_1}=-1, \bold{i^{\text 2}_2}=-1, \bold{j}^2=1,\
\bold{i_1}\bold{i_2}=\bold{j}=\bold{i_2}\bold{i_1}$. We present the conjugates
and the moduli associated with the bicomplex numbers. Then we study the
bicomplex Schr\"odinger equation and found the continuity equations. The
discrete symmetries of the system of equations describing the bicomplex
Schr\"odinger equation are obtained. Finally, we study the bicomplex Born
formulas under the discrete symetries. We obtain the standard Born's formula
for the class of bicomplex wave functions having a null hyperbolic angle
Mathematics of CLIFFORD - A Maple package for Clifford and Grassmann
  algebras

CLIFFORD performs various computations in Grassmann and Clifford algebras. It
can compute with quaternions, octonions, and matrices with entries in Cl(B) -
the Clifford algebra of a vector space V endowed with an arbitrary bilinear
form B. Two user-selectable algorithms for Clifford product are implemented:
'cmulNUM' - based on Chevalley's recursive formula, and 'cmulRS' - based on
non-recursive Rota-Stein sausage. Grassmann and Clifford bases can be used.
Properties of reversion in undotted and dotted wedge bases are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, update contains new material included in published versio
Biquaternion (complexified quaternion) roots of -1

The roots of -1 in the set of biquaternions (quaternions with complex
components, or complex numbers with quaternion real and imaginary parts) are
studied and it is shown that there is an infinite number of non-trivial
complexified quaternion roots (and two degenerate solutions which are the
complex imaginary operator and the set of unit pure real quaternions). The
non-trivial roots are shown to consist of complex numbers with perpendicular
pure quaternion real and imaginary parts. The moduli of the two perpendicular
pure quaternions are expressible by a single parameter via a hyperbolic
trigonometric identity