pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Origin of fluids and anhydrite precipitation in the sediment-hosted Grimsey hydrothermal field north of Iceland

AbstractThe sediment-hosted Grimsey hydrothermal field is situated in the Tjörnes fracture zone (TFZ) which represents the transition from northern Iceland to the southern Kolbeinsey Ridge. The TFZ is characterized by a ridge jump of 75 km causing widespread extension of the oceanic crust in this area. Hydrothermal activity occurs in the Grimsey field in a 300 m×1000 m large area at a water depth of 400 m. Active and inactive anhydrite chimneys up to 3 meters high and hydrothermal anhydrite mounds are typical for this field. Clear, metal-depleted, up to 250 °C hydrothermal fluids are venting from the active chimneys. Anhydrite samples collected from the Grimsey field average 21.6 wt.% Ca, 1475 ppm Sr and 3.47 wt.% Mg. The average molar Sr/Ca ratio is 3.3×10−3. Sulfur isotopes of anhydrite have typical seawater values of 22±0.7‰ δ34S, indicating a seawater source for SO42−. Strontium isotopic ratios average 0.70662±0.00033, suggesting the precipitation of anhydrite from a hydrothermal fluid–seawater mixture. The endmember of the venting hydrothermal fluids calculated on a Mg-zero basis contains 59.8 μmol/kg Sr, 13.2 mmol/kg Ca and a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70634. The average Sr/Ca partition coefficient between the hydrothermal fluids and anhydrite of about 0.67 implies precipitation from a non-evolved fluid. A model for fluid evolution in the Grimsey hydrothermal field suggests mixing of upwelling hydrothermal fluids with shallowly circulating seawater. Before and during mixing, seawater is heated to 200–250 °C which causes anhydrite precipitation and probably the formation of an anhydrite-rich zone beneath the seafloor
Competition for firms in an oligopolistic industry : the impact of economic integration

We set up a model of generalised oligopoly where two countries of different size compete for an exogenous, but variable, number of identical firms. The model combines a desire by national governments to attract internationally mobile firms with the existence of location rents that arise even in a symmetric equilibrium where firms are dispersed. As economic integration proceeds, equilibrium taxes initially decline, but then rise again as trade costs fall even further. A range of trade costs is identified where economic integration raises the welfare of the small country, but lowers welfare in the large country
The Most Metal-Poor Stars. II. Chemical Abundances of 190 Metal-Poor
  Stars Including 10 New Stars With [Fe/H] < -3.5

We present a homogeneous chemical abundance analysis of 16 elements in 190
metal-poor Galactic halo stars (38 program and 152 literature objects). The
sample includes 171 stars with [Fe/H] < -2.5, of which 86 are extremely metal
poor, [Fe/H] < -3.0. Our program stars include ten new objects with [Fe/H] <
-3.5. We identify a sample of "normal" metal-poor stars and measure the trends
between [X/Fe] and [Fe/H], as well as the dispersion about the mean trend for
this sample. Using this mean trend, we identify objects that are chemically
peculiar relative to "normal" stars at the same metallicity. These chemically
unusual stars include CEMP-no objects, one star with high [Si/Fe], another with
high [Ba/Sr], and one with unusually low [X/Fe] for all elements heavier than
Na. The Sr and Ba abundances indicate that there may be two nucleosynthetic
processes at lowest metallicity that are distinct from the main r-process.
Finally, for many elements, we find a significant trend between [X/Fe] versus
Teff which likely reflects non-LTE and/or 3D effects. Such trends demonstrate
that care must be exercised when using abundance measurements in metal-poor
stars to constrain chemical evolution and/or nucleosynthesis predictions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Search for a heavy gauge boson W′ in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for a heavy gauge boson W' has been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC in the decay channel with an electron and large transverse energy imbalance, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. No excess above standard model expectations is seen in the transverse mass distribution of the electron-(missing E_T) system. Assuming standard-model-like couplings and decay branching fractions, a W' boson with a mass less than 1.36 TeV/c^2 is excluded at 95% confidence level
On the Conflict Mitigating Effects of Trade: The India-Pakistan Case

We examine whether greater inter-state trade, democracy and reduced military spending lower belligerence between India and Pakistan. We begin with theoretical models covering the opportunity costs of conflict in terms of trade losses and security spending, as well as the costs of making concessions to rivals. Conflict between the two nations can be best understood in a multivariate framework where variables such as economic performance, integration with rest of the world, bilateral trade, military expenditure, democracy scores and population are simultaneously considered. Our empirical investigation based on time series econometrics from 1950-2005 suggests that reduced bilateral trade, greater military expenditure, less development expenditure, lower levels of democracy, lower growth rates and less general trade openness are all conflict enhancing. Globalization, or a greater openness to international trade with the rest of the world, is the most significant driver of a liberal peace, rather than a common democratic orientation suggested by the pure form of the democratic peace.
Time Zones, Shift Working and Outsourcing through Communications Networks.

We build a trade model with two countries located in different time zones, a monopolistically competitive sector in which production requires differentiated
goods produced using day and night labor, and shift working disutility. Consumers choose between working at a day shift or a night shift and firms may choose to
“virtually” outsource foreign day time labor by using communications services. We found that the higher the disutility of working at night is, the smaller is the
number of varieties produced. Trade is beneficial only under certain concavity and cost conditions. The higher the disutility of working at night, the larger can be the
gains from trade.
Political power and aid tying practices in the development assistance committee countries

Using a panel of 22 OECD Development Assistance Committee countries over the 1979-2009 period, this paper examines the link between donor-political institutional features, particularly the fragmentation of executive power and the degree of competition in the legislative branch of government, and the share of tied aid in the aid budget of a donor. The empirical results show tied aid, both in levels and as a percentage of total aid, increases as the number of decision makers within the governing coalition increases and decreases as the proportion of excess seats a governing coalition holds above a simple majority increases.
Measurement and QCD analysis of double-differential inclusive jet cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV and cross section ratios to 2.76 and 7 TeV

A measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section as a function of the jet transverse momentum pT and the absolute jet rapidity |y| is presented. Data from LHC proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8  TeV$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $19.7 fb^{−1}$, have been collected with the CMS detector. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-$k_T$ clustering algorithm with a size parameter of 0.7 in a phase space region covering jet $p_T$ from 74 GeV up to 2.5 TeV and jet absolute rapidity up to |y| = 3.0. The low-$p_T$ jet range between 21 and 74 GeV is also studied up to |y| = 4.7, using a dedicated data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.6 $pb^{−1}$. The measured jet cross section is corrected for detector effects and compared with the predictions from perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order (NLO) using various sets of parton distribution functions (PDF). Cross section ratios to the corresponding measurements performed at 2.76 and 7 TeV are presented. From the measured double-differential jet cross section, the value of the strong coupling constant evaluated at the Z mass is $α_S(M_Z) = 0.1164_{− 0.0043}^{+ 0.0060}$, where the errors include the PDF, scale, nonperturbative effects and experimental uncertainties, using the $CT_{10}$ NLO PDFs. Improved constraints on PDFs based on the inclusive jet cross section measurement are presented
Gene length as a regulator for ribosome recruitment and protein synthesis : theoretical insights

The authors would like to acknowledge the funding provided by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013] (NICHE; grant agreement 289384) (LDF). LDF also acknowledges the funding provided by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP - grant #2015/26989-4). AM was partially funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (BBSRC), through grant BB/N015711/1. LC would like to acknowledge Maria Carmen Romano, Jean Hausser, Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino, Jean-Charles Walter and Norbert Kern for early discussions on this work, and the CNRS for having granted him a “demi-délégation” (2017–18). We would like to dedicate this work in memory of Maxime Clusel and Vladimir Lorman.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Harmonizing software development processes with software development settings – A systematic approach

The software process landscape is rich in complexity and many alternative software development approaches have emerged over the past 40 years. However, no single software development approach is universally implemented and it seems likely that no single approach can be universally useful. One of the primary reasons that no single approach is universally useful is that no two software development settings are identical. We have assembled a team of recognized academics, who together with industrial collaborators, plan to map the complex world of software processes with the context of software development projects. The results of our initial mapping efforts, reported in this paper, demonstrate that although there are challenges in an undertaking such as this, the outcomes are potentially of considerable value to both software researchers and practitioners
How Classical Particles Emerge from the Quantum World.

The symmetrization postulates of quantum mechanics (symmetry for bosons, antisymmetry for fermions) are usually taken to entail that quantum particles of the same kind (e.g., electrons) are all in exactly the same state and therefore indistinguishable in the strongest possible sense. These symmetrization postulates possess a general validity that survives the classical limit, and the conclusion seems therefore unavoidable that even classical particles of the same kind must all be in the same state--in clear conflict with what we know about classical particles. In this article we analyze the origin of this paradox. We shall argue that in the classical limit classical particles emerge, as new entities that do not correspond to the "particle indices" defined in quantum mechanics. Put differently, we show that the quantum mechanical symmetrization postulates do not pertain to particles, as we know them from classical physics, but rather to indices that have a merely formal significance. This conclusion raises the question of whether the discussions about the status of identical quantum particles have not been misguided from the very start
Beyond ΛCDM: Problems, solutions, and the road ahead

Despite its continued observational successes, there is a persistent (and growing) interest in extending cosmology beyond the standard model, ΛCDM. This is motivated by a range of apparently serious theoretical issues, involving such questions as the cosmological constant problem, the particle nature of dark matter, the validity of general relativity on large scales, the existence of anomalies in the CMB and on small scales, and the predictivity and testability of the inflationary paradigm. In this paper, we summarize the current status of ΛCDM as a physical theory, and review investigations into possible alternatives along a number of different lines, with a particular focus on highlighting the most promising directions. While the fundamental problems are proving reluctant to yield, the study of alternative cosmologies has led to considerable progress, with much more to come if hopes about forthcoming high-precision observations and new theoretical ideas are fulfilled
Measurement of forward W → eν production in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A measurement of the cross-section for W → eν production in pp collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8s=8 TeV. The electrons are required to have more than 20 GeV of transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The inclusive W production cross-sections, where the W decays to eν, are measured to be σW+→e+νe=1124.4±2.1±21.5±11.2±13.0pb, σW+→e+νe=1124.4±2.1±21.5±11.2±13.0pb, σW−→e−ν¯¯¯e=809.0±1.9±18.1±7.0±9.4pb, σW−→e−ν¯e=809.0±1.9±18.1±7.0±9.4pb, where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination. Differential cross-sections as a function of the electron pseudorapidity are measured. The W + /W − cross-section ratio and production charge asymmetry are also reported. Results are compared with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Finally, in a precise test of lepton universality, the ratio of W boson branching fractions is determined to be B(W→eν)/B(W→μν)=1.020±0.002±0.019, B(W→eν)/B(W→μν)=1.020±0.002±0.019, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic
First measurement of the polarization observable E and helicity-dependent cross sections in single π0 photoproduction from quasi-free nucleons

The double-polarization observable E and the helicity-dependent cross sections and have been measured for the first time for single photoproduction from protons and neutrons bound in the deuteron at the electron accelerator facility MAMI in Mainz, Germany. The experiment used a circularly polarized photon beam and a longitudinally polarized deuterated butanol target. The reaction products, recoil nucleons and decay photons from the meson were detected with the Crystal Ball and TAPS electromagnetic calorimeters. Effects from nuclear Fermi motion were removed by a kinematic reconstruction of the final state. A comparison to data measured with a free proton target showed that the absolute scale of the cross sections is significantly modified by nuclear final-state interaction (FSI) effects. However, there is no significant effect on the asymmetry E since the and components appear to be influenced in a similar way. Thus, the best approximation of the two helicity-dependent cross sections for the free neutron is obtained by combining the asymmetry E measured with quasi-free neutrons and the unpolarized cross section corrected for FSI effects under the assumption that the FSI effects are similar for neutrons and protons
A multiplex microsatellite set for non-invasive genotypingand sexing of the osprey (Pandion haliaetus)

During the 1950s and 1970s the osprey (Pandion
haliaetus) experienced a dramatic population crash
and remains of conservation concern in several parts of the
world. We isolated 37 microsatellite loci and assessed these
in ospreys sampled in the UK and Norway (using mouth
swabs/feathers). From 26 loci variable in four ospreys, we
selected 13, combined these into two multiplex-PCR sets
and included a sex-typing marker. Additional markers
confirmed sexes. In 17 ospreys, feather-sampled in central
Norway, we found 3–10 alleles per locus. The 13 loci are
autosomal (heterozygotes were present in both sexes) and
observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.24 to 0.94. The
combined probability of identity for the 13 loci was
8.0 9 10-12. These microsatellite loci will be useful for
genetic monitoring, parentage analysis and population
genetic studies of the osprey
Pes shape variation in an ornithopod dinosaur trackway (Lower Cretaceous, NW Spain) : new evidence of an antalgic gait in the fossil track record

Trackways can provide unique insight to animals locomotion through quantitative analysis of variation in track morphology. Long trackways additionally permit the study of trackmaker foot anatomy, providing more insight on limb kinematics. In this paper we have restudied the extensive tracksite at Barranco de La Canal-1 (Lower Cretaceous, La Rioja, NW Spain) focussing on a 25-m-long dinosaur (ornithopod) trackway that was noted by an earlier study (Casanovas et al., 1995; Perez-Lorente, 2003) to display an irregular pace pattern. This asymmetric gait has been quantified and photogrammetric models undertaken for each track, thus revealing distinct differences between the right and the left tracks, particularly in the relative position of the lateral digits IIeIV with respect to the central digit III. Given that the substrate at this site is homogenous, the consistent repetition of the collected morphological data suggests that differences recorded between the right and the left tracks can be linked to the foot anatomy, but more interestingly, to an injury or pathology on left digit II. We suggest that the abnormal condition registered in digit II impression of the left pes can be linked to the statistically significant limping behaviour of the trackmaker. Furthermore, the abnormal condition registered did not affect the dinosaur's speed
Pedunculopontine arousal system physiology - Implications for schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is characterized by major sleep/wake disturbances including increased vigilance and arousal, decreased slow wave sleep, and increased REM sleep drive. Other arousal-related symptoms include sensory gating deficits as exemplified by decreased habituation of the blink reflex. There is also dysregulation of gamma band activity, suggestive of disturbances in a host of arousal-related mechanisms. This review examines the role of the reticular activating system, especially the pedunculopontine nucleus, in the symptoms of the disease. Recent discoveries on the physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus help explain many of these disorders of arousal in, and point to novel therapeutic avenues for, schizophrenia.Fil: Garcia Rill, Edgar. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: D'Onofrio, Stasia. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Mahaffey, Susan. University Of Arkansas For Medical Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Bisagno, Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; ArgentinaFil: Urbano Suarez, Francisco Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentin
Bcl10 links saturated fat overnutrition with hepatocellular NF-kB activation and insulin resistance

Contains fulltext :
                  110369.pdf (author's version ) (Open Access)Excess serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are fundamental to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. With high-fat feeding, FFAs activate NF-kB in target tissues, initiating negative crosstalk with insulin signaling. However, the mechanisms underlying FFA-dependent NF-kB activation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the saturated FA, palmitate, requires Bcl10 for NF-kB activation in hepatocytes. Uptake of palmitate, metabolism to diacylglycerol, and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) appear to mechanistically link palmitate with Bcl10, known as a central component of a signaling complex that, along with CARMA3 and MALT1, activates NF-kB downstream of selected cell surface receptors. Consequently, Bcl10-deficient mice are protected from hepatic NF-kB activation and insulin resistance following brief high-fat diet, suggesting that Bcl10 plays a major role in the metabolic consequences of acute overnutrition. Surprisingly, while CARMA3 also participates in the palmitate response, MALT1 is completely dispensable, thereby revealing an apparent nonclassical role for Bcl10 in NF-kB signaling
A tool for IT service management process assessment for process improvement

Process assessments can improve IT service management (ITSM)
processes but the assessment method is not always transparent. This paper outlines a project to develop a software-mediated process assessment tool to enable
transparent and objective ITSM process assessment. Using the international standards for ITSM and process assessment, the tool is being developed following the goal-question-metric (GQM) approach in collaboration with academics, standards committee members and ITSM practitioners.