pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Variability and uncertainty in empirical ground-motion prediction for probabilistic hazard and risk analyses

© The Author(s) 2015.The terms aleatory variability and epistemic uncertainty mean different things to people who routinely use them within the fields of seismic hazard and risk analysis. This state is not helped by the repetition of loosely framed generic definitions that actually inaccurate. The present paper takes a closer look at the components of total uncertainty that contribute to ground-motion modelling in hazard and risk applications. The sources and nature of uncertainty are discussed and it is shown that the common approach to deciding what should be included within hazard and risk integrals and what should be pushed into logic tree formulations warrants reconsideration. In addition, it is shown that current approaches to the generation of random fields of ground motions for spatial risk analyses are incorrect and a more appropriate framework is presented
Photochromic Intercalation Compounds

Photochromism of intercalation compounds has been investigated so far. Starting from fundamental studies on the photochromic reactions of the dyes in the presence of layered materials, the precise design of the nanostructures of intercalation compounds toward controlled photochemical reactions and the creation of novel photoresponsive supramolecular systems based on layered solids have been a topic of interests. Various layered materials with different surface chemistries have been used as hosts for the controlled orientation, and aggregation of the intercalated dyes and the states of the intercalated guests affected photoresponses. Molecular design of the photochromic dyes has also been conducted in order to organize them on layered solids with the desired manner. On the other hand, layered solids with such functions as semiconducting and magnetic have been examined to host photochromic dyes for the photoresponsive changes in the materials\u27 properties
Energetics, Particle Capture and Growth Dynamics of Benthic Suspension Feeders

Marine benthic communities are dominated by suspension feeders, including\ud
those actively pumping water, passively encountering particles, or some combination\ud
of the two. The mechanisms by which particles are encountered and\ud
retained are now well known for a range of water flow conditions and organism\ud
morphologies. Recent research has attempted to quantify the energetic components\ud
of suspension feeding, including intake of particles, pumping rates, and\ud
metabolic costs of these activities. Energetic models depend strongly on environmental\ud
conditions, including temperature, flow speed, and food availability, for\ud
example. The effects of these variables have been combined for realistic scenarios\ud
using dynamic energy budget (DEB) models, and related models to examine\ud
components of fitness (growth, reproduction, population increase), for both\ud
existing conditions and for conditions expected for future environments. Detailed\ud
examples are provided from recent research on bivalve mollusks, cnidarians\ud
including sea anemones and corals, and barnacles. These examples cover several\ud
major phyla that are often important components of intertidal and subtidal benthic\ud
communities. All common phyla of benthic suspension feeders are discussed,\ud
though less extensively, especially given the paucity of energetics studies for\ud
some of these phyla
Metric for Security Activities assisted by Argumentative Logic

International audienceRecent security concerns related to future embedded systems make enforcement of security requirements one of the most critical phases when designing such systems. This paper introduces an approach for efficient enforcement of security requirements based on argumentative logic, especially reasoning about activation or deactivation of different security mechanisms under certain functional and non-functional requirements. In this paper, the argumentative logic is used to reason about the rationale behind dynamic enforcement of security policies
Synthesis of titanium-decorated graphene for renewable energy applications

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared from natural graphite by Hummers’ Method. Few-layer graphene was decorated with titanium by an incipient wetness impregnation method. The pristine graphene shows hydrogen storage capacity equal to 1.3 wt%, while graphene decorated by titanium (RGO–Ti) enhanced hydrogen storage capacity to 1.4 wt%. We showed that titanium addition improved hydrogen storage capacity by chemical interactions. These interactions can be used for fabrication of different graphene-based materials as potential candidates for developing new absorbents for energy application
Detection of illegal control flow in Android System: Protecting private data used by Smartphone Apps

International audienceToday, security is a requirement for smartphone operating systems that are used to store and handle sensitive information. How- ever, smartphone users usually download third-party applications that can leak personal data without user authorization. For this reason, the dynamic taint analysis mechanism is used to control the manipulation of private data by third-party apps [9]. But this technique does not detect control flows. In particular, untrusted applications can circumvent An- droid system and get privacy sensitive information through control flows. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach that combines static and dynamic analysis to propagate taint along control dependencies in An- droid system. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we analyse 27 free Android applications. We found that 14 of these applications use control flows to transfer sensitive data. We successfully detect that 8 of them leaked private information. Our approach creates 19% performance overhead that is due to the propagation of taint in the control flow. By using our approach, it becomes possible to detect leakage of personal data through control flows
Combining High-Level and Low-Level Approaches to Evaluate Software Implementations Robustness Against Multiple Fault Injection Attacks

International audiencePhysical fault injections break security functionalities of algorithms by targeting their implementations. Software techniques strengthen such implementations to enhance their robustness against fault attacks. Exhaustively testing physical fault injections is time consuming and requires complex platforms. Simulation solutions are developed for this specific purpose. We chose two independent tools presented in 2014, the Laser Attack Robustness (Lazart) and the Embedded Fault Simulator (EFS) in order to evaluate software implementations against multiple fault injection attacks. Lazart and the EFS share the common goal that consists in detecting vulnerabilities in the code. However, they operate with different techniques , fault models and abstraction levels. This paper aims at exhibiting specific advantages of both approaches and proposes a combining scheme that emphasizes their complementary nature
A critical analysis of human-subject experiments in virtual reality and 3D user interfaces

This paper is about the major peculiarities and difficulties we encounter when trying to validate research results in fields such as virtual reality (VR) and 3D user interfaces (3DUI). We review the steps in the empirical method and discuss a number of challenges when conducting human-subject experiments. These challenges include the number of independent variables to control to get useful findings, the within-subjects or between-subjects dilemma, hard-to-collect data, experimenter effects, ethical issues, and the lack of background in the community for proper statistical analysis and interpretation of the results. We show that experiments involving human-subjects hinder the adoption of traditional experimental principles (comparison, repeatability, reproducibility, justification and explanation) and propose some ideas to improve the reliability of findings in VR and 3DUI disciplines.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Mechanism design for haptic handwriting assistance device

One of the applications of haptic technology is in education and training. Handwriting for first year-elementary students has been included in the curriculum for some years in Turkey as the first and only writing skill to be taught. Providing these students with a haptic assistance device during the handwriting learning process is the global aim of this work. Among the other components of the design such as electronics, controls and communication, mechanism design is a critical component to be considered for optimization of the device at different levels. This paper aims to address a solution to meet the design criteria through ergonomic design for user along with optimized force exertion capabilities
Assigning Objects to Classes of a Euclidean Ascending Hierarchical Clustering

International audienceIn a Euclidean ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC, Ward's method), the usual method for allocating a supplementary object to a cluster is based on the geometric distance from the object-point to the barycenter of the cluster. The main drawback of this method is that it does not take into consideration that clusters differ as regards weights, shapes and dispersions. Neither does it take into account successive dichotomies of the hierarchy of classes. This is why we propose a new ranking rule adapted to geometric data analysis that takes the shape of clusters into account.From a set of supplementary objects, we propose a strategy for assigning these objects to clusters stemming from an AHC. The idea is to assign supplementary objects at the local level of a node to one of its two successors until a cluster of the partition under study is reached.We define a criterion based on the ratio of Mahalanobis distances from the object--point to barycenters of the two clusters that make up the node.We first introduce the principle of the method, and we apply it to a barometric survey carried out by the CEVIPOF on various components of trust among French citizens. We compare the evolution of clusters of individuals between  2009 and 2012 then  2013
Multi-Agent Cooperation for optimizing Weight of Electrical Aircraft Harnesses

This paper deals with minimizing aircraft electrical system weight. Because of technological advances that are spreading, electrical system of aircraft is more complex to design and requires new way to be conceived in order to reduce its weight. This paper describes how to optimize weight of harnesses thanks to the Adaptive Multi-Agent System approach. This approach is based on agent cooperation which makes global function of system emerge. Communication between agents is the focus of this approach. We will develop this approach and apply it to the weight optimisation problem. The developed software provides results that are either equivalent or better than those of classical approaches. Moreover, this software may be a precious help to engineer in charge of designing harnesses as it enables to make different tests in a quasi-real time
A Design-Led, Materials Based Approach to Human Centered Applications Using Modified Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Sensors

This paper describes a design-led exploratory scoping study into the potential use of an industry standard dielectric electroactive polymer (DEAP) sensor for applications in assistive healthcare. The focus of this activity was to explore the physical format and integration of soft materials and sensor combinations with properties that afford an opportunity for accurate and unobtrusive real time body mapping and monitoring. The work involved a series of practical investigations into the capacitance changes in the sensor brought on by deformation through different ways of stretching. The dielectric sensors were selected as a direct mapping tool against the body based on the similarity of the stretch qualities of both the sensor and human skin and muscle resulting in a prototype vest for real time breathing monitoring through sensing thoracic movement. This involved modification of the standard sensors and handcrafting bespoke sensors to map critically relevant areas of the thorax
Size of Sets with Small Sensitivity: a Generalization of Simon's Lemma

We study the structure of sets $S\subseteq\{0, 1\}^n$ with small sensitivity.
The well-known Simon's lemma says that any $S\subseteq\{0, 1\}^n$ of
sensitivity $s$ must be of size at least $2^{n-s}$. This result has been useful
for proving lower bounds on sensitivity of Boolean functions, with applications
to the theory of parallel computing and the "sensitivity vs. block sensitivity"
conjecture.
  In this paper, we take a deeper look at the size of such sets and their
structure. We show an unexpected "gap theorem": if $S\subseteq\{0, 1\}^n$ has
sensitivity $s$, then we either have $|S|=2^{n-s}$ or $|S|\geq \frac{3}{2}
2^{n-s}$. This is shown via classifying such sets into sets that can be
constructed from low-sensitivity subsets of $\{0, 1\}^{n'}$ for $n'<n$ and
irreducible sets which cannot be constructed in such a way and then proving a
lower bound on the size of irreducible sets.
  This provides new insights into the structure of low sensitivity subsets of
the Boolean hypercube $\{0, 1\}^n$
The Domination Number of On-line Social Networks and Random Geometric Graphs

International audienceWe consider the domination number for on-line social networks, both in a stochastic network model, and for real-world, networked data. Asymptotic sublinear bounds are rigorously derived for the domination number of graphs generated by the memoryless geometric protean random graph model. We establish sublinear bounds for the domination number of graphs in the Facebook 100 data set, and these bounds are well-correlated with those predicted by the stochastic model. In addition, we derive the asymptotic value of the domination number in classical random geometric graphs
Quantum Circuits for the Unitary Permutation Problem

We consider the Unitary Permutation problem which consists, given $n$ unitary
gates $U_1, \ldots, U_n$ and a permutation $\sigma$ of $\{1,\ldots, n\}$, in
applying the unitary gates in the order specified by $\sigma$, i.e. in
performing $U_{\sigma(n)}\ldots U_{\sigma(1)}$. This problem has been
introduced and investigated by Colnaghi et al. where two models of computations
are considered. This first is the (standard) model of query complexity: the
complexity measure is the number of calls to any of the unitary gates $U_i$ in
a quantum circuit which solves the problem. The second model provides quantum
switches and treats unitary transformations as inputs of second order. In that
case the complexity measure is the number of quantum switches. In their paper,
Colnaghi et al. have shown that the problem can be solved within $n^2$ calls in
the query model and $\frac{n(n-1)}2$ quantum switches in the new model. We
refine these results by proving that $n\log_2(n) +\Theta(n)$ quantum switches
are necessary and sufficient to solve this problem, whereas $n^2-2n+4$ calls
are sufficient to solve this problem in the standard quantum circuit model. We
prove, with an additional assumption on the family of gates used in the
circuits, that $n^2-o(n^{7/4+\epsilon})$ queries are required, for any
$\epsilon >0$. The upper and lower bounds for the standard quantum circuit
model are established by pointing out connections with the permutation as
substring problem introduced by Karp.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
A first look at real multipath tcp traffic

Multipath TCP is a new TCP extension that attracts a growing interest from both researchers and industry. It enables hosts to send data over several interfaces or paths and has use cases on smartphones, datacenters or dual-stack hosts. We provide the first analysis of the operation of Multipath TCP on a public Internet server based on a one-week long packet trace. We analyse the main new features of Multipath TCP, namely the utilisation of subflows, the address advertisement mechanism, the data transfers and the reinjections and the connection release mechanisms. Our results confirm that Multipath TCP operates correctly over the real Internet, despite the presence of middleboxes and that it is used over very heterogeneous paths
The Online Tracking Horde: A View from Passive Measurements

During the visit to any website, the average internaut may face scripts that upload personal information to so called online trackers, invisible third party services that collect information about users and profile them. This is no news, and many works in the past tried to measure the extensiveness of this phenomenon. All of them ran active measurement campaigns via crawlers. In this paper, we observe the phenomenon from a passive angle, to naturally factor the diversity of the Internet and of its users. We analyze a large dataset of passively collected traffic summaries to observe how pervasive online tracking is. We see more than 400 tracking services being contacted by unaware users, of which the top 100 are regularly reached by more than 50% of Internauts, with top three that are practically impossible to escape. Worse, more than 80% of users gets in touch the first tracker within 1 second after starting navigating. And we see a lot of websites that hosts hundreds of tracking services. Conversely, those popular web extensions that may improve personal protection, e.g., DoNotTrackMe, are actually installed by a handful of users (3.5 %). The resulting picture witnesses how pervasive the phenomenon is, and calls for an increase of the sensibility of people, researchers and regulators toward privacy in the Interne
Research On Mathematics Classroom Practice: An International Perspective

Research on Mathematics Classroom Practice encompasses very comprehensive themes and issues that may include any studies and scientific experiments happening inside the classroom, including consideration of the key agents in the classroom (the teachers and the students), undertaken with diversified research objectives and theoretical backgrounds. To a certain extent, seeking an international perspective provides some delineation of the topic. Studies will then focus on those issues already prioritised as of interest by existing international comparative studies and those issues seen as significant within an educational system. This lecture will draw upon the work of an international project, the Learner’s Perspective Study (LPS), an international collaboration of 16 countries with the aim of examining in an integrated and comprehensive fashion the patterns of participation in competently taught eighth grade mathematics classrooms.postprin
Definition of Data Sharing Agreements (The case of Spanish Data Protection Law)

Electronic sharing of data among different parties, includ- ing groups of organizations and/or individuals, while protecting their legitimate rights on these data, is a key both for business and societal transactions. However, data sharing clauses are usually specified in legal documents that are far from being amenable of automated processing by the electronic platform that should enforce them. Furthermore, different parties usually pursue different interests. This may lead to conflicts that need to be solved for the agreements to succeed. Addressing this prob- lem, in this paper we i) discuss a proposal for the definition of a machine processable electronic data sharing multilateral contract (e-DSA); ii) re- call a controlled natural language (CNL4DSA) developed for expressing e-DSA clauses, in particular, authorizations and obligations policies on data; iii) instantiate a resolution process that can solve potential con- flicts posed by different stakeholders? clauses, e.g., legal, organizational, and end-users? clauses, according to specific criteria. We illustrate our approach on a realistic e-Health scenario derived from one described by a Spanish medical institution. The main novelty of this paper are the ref- erence to the Spanish Data Protection Law (S)DPL as the basic source of policies regulating data exchange and the idea of a multi-step e-DSA definition phase that incrementally increases the contract granularity. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to investi- gate how a real DPL can be translated into privacy rules electronically manageable by a devoted e-DSA-based infrastructure.?
A Certification Framework for Cloud Security Properties: The Monitoring Path

In this paper we describe the structure and functionality of a certification integrated framework aimed to support the certification of security properties of a Cloud infrastructure (IaaS), a platform (PaaS), or the software layer (SaaS). Such framework will bring service users, service providers and cloud suppliers to work together with certification authorities in order to ensure security properties and certificates validity in the continuously evolving cloud environment. For this purpose, the framework relies on multiple types of evidence gathering with respect to security, e.g., testing services, monitoring agents or trusted computing proofs. In this paper we will focus only on the monitoring case and will illustrate its use. Yet, this framework is designed to be able to follow models for hybrid, incremental and multi-layer security certification since cloud security has to build upon the entire cloud stack
Combining analog method and ensemble data assimilation: application to the Lorenz-63 chaotic system

International audienceNowadays, ocean and atmosphere sciences face a deluge of data from space, in situ monitoring as well as numerical simulations. The availability of these different data sources offer new opportunities, still largely underexploited, to improve the understanding,modeling and reconstruction of geophysical dynamics. The classical way to reconstruct the space-time variations of a geophysical system from observations relies on data assimilation methods using multiple runs of the known dynamical model. This classical framework may have severe limitations including its computational cost, the lack of adequacy of the model with observed data, modeling uncertainties. In this paper, we explore an alternative approach and develop a fully data-driven framework, which combines machine learning and statistical sampling to simulate the dynamics of complex system. As a proof concept, we address the assimilation of the chaotic Lorenz-63 model. We demonstrate that a nonparametric sampler from a catalog of historical datasets, namely a nearest neighbor or analog sampler, combined with a classical stochastic data assimilation scheme, the ensemble Kalman filter and smoother, reach state-of-the-art performances, without online evaluations of the physical model
Burst Erasure Correction of 2D convolutional codes

In this paper we address the problem of decoding 2D convolutional codes over the erasure channel. In particular, we present a procedure to recover bursts of erasures that are distributed in a diagonal line. To this end we introduce the notion of balls around a burst of erasures which can be considered an analogue of the notion of sliding window in the context of 1D convolutional codes. The main result reduces the decoding problem of 2D convolutional codes to a problem of decoding a set of associated 1D convolutional codes
On the automorphism groups of the Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard codes and their classification

Publicació amb motiu del 4th International Castle Meeting (Pamela Castle, Portugal). Sep. 15-18 2014It is known that there are exactly ⌊(t−1)/2⌋ and ⌊t/2⌋ nonequivalent Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard codes of length 2ᵗ , with α = 0 and α≠0, respectively, for all t ≥ 3. In this paper, it is shown that each Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard code with α = 0 is equivalent to a Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard code with α ≠ 0, so there are only ⌊t/2⌋ nonequivalent Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard codes of length 2ᵗ. Moreover, the orders of the permutation automorphism groups of the Z₂Z₄-linear Hadamard codes are given