pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Multi-Responsive “Turn-On” Nanocarriers for Efficient Site-Specific Gene Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo

Systemic gene delivery is a complicated and multistep process that confronts numerous biological barriers. It remains a formidable challenge to exploit a single gene carrier with multiple features to combat all obstacles collectively. Herein, a multi-responsive “turn-on” polyelectrolyte complex (DNA/OEI-SSx/HA-SS-COOH, DSS) delivery system is demonstrated with a sequential self-assembly of disulfide-conjugated oligoethylenimine (OEI-SSx) and disulfide bond-modified hyaluronic acid envelope (HA-SS-COOH) that can combat multiple biological barriers collectively when administered intravenously. DSS is designed to effectively accumulate at the tumor tissue and to be internalized into tumor cells by recognizing CD44. The multi-responsive “turn-on” DSS can respond to the alterations of hyaluronidases and glutathione at both the tumor site and at the intracellular milieu. Sequential degradation and detachment of the HA-SS-COOH envelope followed by the dissociation of the OEI-SSx/DNA inner core contributes to the activation of the endosomal escape and gene release functions, thus greatly enhancing nuclear gene delivery. A systematic investigation of DSS has revealed that the tumor accumulation ability, internalization, and endosome escape of the DSS nanocarriers, DNA unpacking and nuclear transportation are all remarkably improved by the multi-responsive “turn-on” design resulting in highly efficient gene transfection in vitro and in vivo
Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages exposed to silk, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and silica nanoparticles

Monitoring macrophage metabolism in response to nanoparticle exposure provides new insights into biological outcomes, such as inflammation or toxicity, and supports the design of tailored nanomedicines. We describe the metabolic signature of macrophages exposed to nanoparticles ranging in diameter from 100 to 125 nm and made from silk, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or silica. Nanoparticles of this size and type are currently at various stages of pre-clinical and clinical development for drug delivery applications. We used 1H NMR analysis of cell extracts and culture media to quantify the changes in the intracellular and extracellular metabolomes of macrophages in response to nanoparticle exposure. Increased glycolytic activity, an altered tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduced ATP generation were consistent with a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Furthermore, amino acids possibly arising from autophagy, the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system and a few osmolytes and antioxidants emerged as important players in the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages exposed to nanoparticles. This metabolic signature was a common response to all nanoparticles tested; however, the direction and magnitude of some variations were clearly nanoparticle specific, indicating material-induced biological specificity. Overall, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages can be achieved with nanoparticle treatments, modulated through the choice of the material, and monitored using 1H NMR metabolomics
The potential of liquid marbles for biomedical applications: a critical review

Liquid marbles (LM) are freestanding droplets covered by micro/nanoparti- cles with hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties, which can be manipulated as a soft solid. The phenomenon that generates these soft structures is regarded as a different method to generate a superhydrophobic behavior in the liquid/ solid interface without modifying the surface. Several applications for the LM have been reported in very different fields, however the developments for bio- medical applications are very recent. At first, the LM properties are reviewed, namely shell structure, LM shape, evaporation, floatability and robustness. The different strategies for LM manipulation are also described, which make use of magnetic, electrostatic and gravitational forces, ultraviolet and infrared radiation, and approaches that induce LM self-propulsion. Then, very distinc- tive applications for LM in the biomedical field are presented, namely for diagnostic assays, cell culture, drug screening and cryopreservation of mam- malian cells. Finally, a critical outlook about the unexplored potential of LM for biomedical applications is presented, suggesting possible advances on this emergent scientific area.Â The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council grant agreement ERC-2012-ADG 20120216-321266 for project ComplexiTE. N. M. Oliveira acknowledges the financial support from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - FCT (Grant SFRH/BD/73172/2010), from the financial program POPH/FSE from QREN.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Cell-Engineered Nanovesicle as a Surrogate Inducer of Contact-Dependent Stimuli

Heterotypic interactions between cells are crucial in various biological phenomena. Particularly, stimuli that regulate embryonic stem cell (ESC) fate are often provided from neighboring cells. However, except for feeder cultures, no practical methods are identified that can provide ESCs with contact-dependent cell stimuli. To induce contact-dependent cell stimuli in the absence of living cells, a novel method that utilizes cell-engineered nano-vesicles (CNVs) that are made by extruding living cells through microporous membranes is described. Protein compositions of CNVs are similar to their originating cells, as well as freely diffusible and precisely scalable. Treatment of CNVs produced from three different stromal cells successfully induces the same effect as feeder cultures. The results suggest that the effects of CNVs are mainly mediated by membrane-associated components. The use of CNVs might constitute a novel and efficient tool for ESC research.
Electrostimulated release of neutral drugs from polythiophene nanoparticles: smart regulation of drug-polymer interactions

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles are loaded with curcumin and piperine by in situ emulsion polymerization using dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid both as a stabilizer and a doping agent. The loaded drugs affect the morphology, size, and colloidal stability of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, kinetics studies of nonstimulated drug release have evidenced that polymer···drug interactions are stronger for curcumin than for piperine. This observation suggests that drug delivery systems based on combination of the former drug with PEDOT are much appropriated to show an externally tailored release profile. This is demonstrated by comparing the release profiles obtained in presence and absence of electrical stimulus. Results indicate that controlled and time-programmed release of curcumin is achieved in a physiological medium by applying a negative voltage of -1.25 V to loaded PEDOT nanoparticles.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Self-crimping bicomponent nanofibres electrospun from polyacrylonitrile and elastomeric polyurethane

Two polymer solutions were brought together via a microfluidic device and subjected to an electrospinning process. The two polymer solutions flowed into the microfluidic channel side-by-side with very little intermixing due to their laminar nature. High speed stretching of the polymer solutions resulted in side-by-side bicomponent fibres. The electrospun nanofibres exhibited an extremely high propensity to self-crimp when an elastomeric polymer (polyurethane) and a normal polymer (polyacrylonitrile PAN) were involved in the electrospinning process. The formation of self-crimping fibre morphology was attributed to the differential shrinkage of the two polymers.<br /
Electronic transport through electron-doped Metal-Phthalocyanine
  Materials

We report an insulator-metal-insulator transition in films of five metal
phthalocyanines (MPc) doped with alkali atoms. Electrical conduction
measurements demonstrate that increasing the alkali concentration results in
the formation of a metallic state for all systems. Upon further doping, the
films reenter the insulating state. Structural and Raman spectroscopy studies
reveal the formation of new crystalline phases upon doping and are consistent
with the phenomena originating from charge transfer between the intercalated
alkali atoms and MPc, in a similar fashion to what has been so far observed
only in C60. Due to the presence of a molecular spin, large exchange energy,
and a two-fold orbital degeneracy in MPc, our findings are of interest in the
study of controllable magnetism in molecular materials and in the investigation
of new, recently predicted electronic phases.Comment: Replaced with published versio
Nanoscale domain control in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films

[[abstract]]The growth of highly ordered 1D ferroelectric domains in 120nm thick BiFeO3(BFO) films was investigated. Transducers, microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems applications, materials with superior ferroelectric, and piezoelectric responses are became interesting with an ever-expanding demand for data storage. BFO provides a choice as a green ferro/piezoelectric material and its high ferroelectric Curie temperature enables it to be used reliably at high temperature. The ferroelectric domain structure of an epitaxial BFO film has been modeled using the phase-field method in which the spatial distribution of the polarization field and its evolution is described by the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau(TDGL) equations. Carefully controlling the growth mechanism for the SRO layer, the IP lattice parameters of SRO films are pinned by DSO substrate to create the 1D periodic domain structure.[[fileno]]2020326010016[[department]]材料科學工程學
High-performance ceramic membranes with a separation layer of metal oxide nanofibers

In conventional fabrication of ceramic separation membranes, the particulate sols are applied onto porous supports. Major structural deficiencies under this approach are pin-holes and cracks, and the dramatic losses of flux when pore sizes are reduced to enhance selectivity. We have overcome these structural deficiencies by constructing hierarchically structured separation layer on a porous substrate using lager titanate nanofibers and smaller boehmite nanofibers. This yields a radical change in membrane texture. The resulting membranes effectively filter out species larger than 60 nm at flow rates orders of magnitude greater than conventional membranes. This reveals a new direction in membrane fabrication
Magnetic and electrical characterizations of half-metallic Fe3O4 nanowires

[[abstract]]The magnetic properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanowires are investigated by means of electron holography, which deduces the magnetic information from the phase shift of electrons. The magnetic flux is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanowires (see figure). Observations on the magnetization distribution reveal the possibility of regulating the spin current with the half-metallic nanowires, owing to the controlled magnetization distribution in the 1D form.[[fileno]]2020315010013[[department]]材料科學工程學
Cathodic and Anodic Material Diffusion in Polymer/Semiconductor-Nanocrystal
Composite Devices

In the present day, the information technologies and telecommunications sector
continually increase their demand for low cost, low power consumption, high
performance electroluminescent devices for display applications. Furthermore,
general lighting applications, such as white light and large array colour
displays, would also benefit from an increase in the overall efficiency. Several
technologies are being investigated to fulfill these needs, such as organic
light emitting diodes (OLED), polymeric light emitting diodes (PLED) and field
effect emission devices. A new and promising technology is light emitting
devices (LEDs) based on nanostructured materials. With organic LEDs (OLEDs)
already making an impact on the market in an increasingly large number of
applications, hybrid technologies based on organic/inorganic nano-composites are
a potential the next step. The incorporation of highefficiency fluorescent
semiconductor nanoparticles has been shown to have a beneficial effect on device
performance, [1] modify the colour output from the device 2 and provide a
simplified route to generation of LED type devices. [3
Microdisk and Microring Lasers of Thiophene–Phenylene

Microdisk and microring lasers of the organic semiconductor material thiophene/phenylene co-oligomer (TPCO) have been fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrates. Laser emission with the whispering gallery modes (WGM) is observed in 0-1 vibration transitions. Comparing with the bulk film parts, a few times reduction of the lasing threshold has been observed in microdisks. Microring lasing threshold is reduced further when the width of the waveguide is less than 1 μm. WGM with waveguide confinement is supposed to contribute to the decrease of the threshold
ANISOTROPIC REINFORCEMENT OF NANOCOMPOSITES TUNED BY MAGNETIC ORIENTATION OF THE FILLER NETWORK

International audienceWe present a new material which displays anisotropic and mechanical properties tuneable during synthesis under magnetic field. It is formulated by mixing aqueous suspensions of polymer nanolatex and magnetic nanoparticles, coated by a thin silica layer to improve their compatibility with the polymeric matrix, followed by casting. The magnetic properties of these nanoparticles enable their pre-orientation in the resulting nanocomposite when cast under magnetic field. Detailed insight on dispersion by Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) shows chainlike nanoparticle aggregates aligned by the field on the nanometer scale. Applying strain to the nanocomposite parallel to the particle chains shows higher mechanical reinforcement, than when strain is transverse to field. . SANS from strained samples shows that strain parallel to the field induce an organization of the chains while strain perpendicular to the field destroys the chain field-induced ordering. Thus improved mechanical reinforcement is obtained from anisotropic interconnection of nanoparticle aggregates
Cryogenic deep reactive ion etching of silicon micro and nanostructures

This thesis focuses on cryogenic deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and presents how it can be applied to the fabrication of silicon micro- and nanostructures that have applications in microfluidics and micromechanics. The cryogenic DRIE process relies on inductively coupled SF6/O2 plasma at temperatures below -100 °C. Low etching temperatures can cause some photoresist materials to crack, but Al2O3 has been shown to be a very well-suited masking material for cryogenic etching. The anisotropy of the etching process is enhanced by a thin passivation layer on sidewalls that prevents lateral etching. The main parameters that are used to adjust the thickness of the passivation layer are the process temperature and the O2 flow. Under adequate conditions vertical sidewalls are obtained, whereas passivation layers that are too thin result in negatively tapered sidewall slopes. Under conditions where a passivation layer is not formed, at higher temperatures and/or without oxygen flow, the etching profiles are isotropic. On the other hand, too high oxygen flow results in over passivation. Under conditions where the sidewall is slightly over passivated, its slopes are positively tapered, while more pronounced over passivation results in the formation of black silicon (or silicon nanograss, silicon nanoturf or columnar microstructures). 
 Typically, vertical sidewall profiles are desirable. However, this thesis shall also demonstrate the usefulness of under and over passivation regimes. Here, highly anisotropic etching conditions are utilized to create trenches with vertical sidewalls, fluidic channels with regular micropillar arrays, and high aspect ratio silicon nanopillars. An isotropic etching process is utilized during the release of aluminum heaters fabricated on top of perforated free-standing Al2O3 membranes and silicon dioxide coated thermal silicon actuators. The fabrication process of three-dimensional sharp electrospray ionization (ESI) tips takes advantage of etching conditions that result in negatively tapered sidewalls. A self-feeding ESI interface for mass spectrometry (MS) is fabricated by combining a lidless micropillar filled channel with a sharp tip. Two approaches to the fabrication of silicon nanopillars are presented, both of which are suitable for wafer-scale manufacturing. One method combines silica nanoparticles with a highly anisotropic DRIE step, while the other method relies on highly over passivating conditions in a maskless DRIE process. Due to a large surface area and efficient light absorption in UV-range, silicon nanopillar structured surfaces are utilized as sample plates in laser desorption/ionization (LDI) MS. The wetting of nanopillar structured silicon surfaces is also studied. Fluoropolymer coated nanopillar structured surfaces have a contact angle of more than 170° and are ultrahydrophobic, whereas oxidized nanostructured surfaces are completely wetting. The accurate patterning of both completely wetting and ultrahydrophobic areas side by side allows complex droplet shapes and droplet splitters to be tailored
Enhanced two-photon absorption of organic chromophores: theoretical and experimental assessments

C. Katan present address: CNRS UMR6082 FOTON, INSA de Rennes, 20 avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, CS 70839, 35708 RENNES cedex 7, FranceInternational audienceFunctional organic materials with enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) lead to new technologies in the fields of chemistry, biology, and photonics. In this article we review experimental and theoretical methodologies allowing detailed investigation and analysis of TPA properties of organic chromophores. This includes femtosecond two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) experimental setups and quantum-chemical methodologies based on time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We thoroughly analyze physical phenomena and trends leading to large TPA responses of a few series of model chromophores focusing on the effects of symmetric and asymmetric donor/acceptor substitution and branching
Designed Synthesis of coaxial SnO₂@carbon hollow nanospheres for highly reversible lithium storage

A proof-of-concept structural design is demonstrated for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries anode materials by multistep synthesis of coaxial SnO2@coarbon hollow nanospheres. This material integrates two beneficial features: hollow structure and carbon nanopainting. When evaluated for reversible lithium storage, these functional materials manifest excellent cycling performance and rate capabilities.This publication was based on work supported by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). We are also grateful to the National Science Foundation (DMR 0404278) for partial support. Facilities available through the Cornell Center for Materials Research (CCMR), and Cornell Integrated Microscopy Center (CIMC) were used for this study. Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. This article has been amended for print publication
Regulation of eukaryotic cell physiology using organic bioelectronics

The field of organic bioelectronics deals with the implementation of conducting 
polymer science in biology and medicine. The purpose of this thesis was to develop 
organic bioelectronic devices for the regulation of eukaryotic cell physiology. The 
specific physiological concepts that the devices aimed to address were activation of 
voltage-gated ion channels, cellular mechanotransduction and cell adhesion. The 
conductive polymers that were used in these devices were polypyrrole and poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene). These polymers are biocompatible which makes them 
suitable for studying cell physiology. Five devices are presented in the thesis. These 
are: a nano-fiber scaffold coated with a conducting polymer for electric cell stimulation 
with high charge transfer capacity, a microfabricated chip comprising microactuators 
for mechanical stimulation on a cellular  level, a conducting polymer surface and a 
planar electrochemical transistor for control of cell adhesion, and finally a conducting 
polymer surface with self-disintegrating properties for non-invasive cell release. 
To evaluate the ability of these devices to address the key physiological concepts 
they were designed for. A number of cell  lines with individual characteristics were 
chosen. Electric stimulation via conducting polymer coated nano-fibers was tested with 
a neuroblastoma cell line expressing voltage-operated Ca
2+
 channels. A renal epithelial 
cell line was used to investigate the microactuator chip for mechanical cell stimulation. 
Renal epithelial cells were also used when investigating devices designed to regulate 
cell adhesion by interacting with extracellular serum proteins. A human bladder 
carcinoma cell line was used to examine the self-disintegrating polymer surface for 
non-invasive cell detachment of adherent cells. The results of the thesis show that it is 
possible to activate voltage-gated ion channels, induce stimuli that trigger cellular 
mechanotransduction, and control cell adhesion using organic bioelectronics
Cooperative nanoparticles for tumor detection and photothermally triggered drug delivery

A cooperative nanosystem consisting of two distinct nanomaterials works in vivo to detect tumor tissues and deliver drugs to the site. Gold nanorods (GNRs) localize to the tumor region, where they report their location and convert near-infrared radiation to thermal energy. Circulating thermally labile therapeutic liposomes respond to the thermal signal, releasing their drug payload selectively in the GNR-populated tumor.Author Manuscript: 2011 March 15.National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (U54 CA 119335 UCSD CCNE)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant 5-R01-CA124427)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant U54 CA119349 MIT CCNE)Moores Cancer CenterNanoTUMOR Cente
Macromolecular Scaffolding: The Relationship Between Nanoscale Architecture and Function in Multichromophoric Arrays for Organic Electronics

Palermo, V., Schwartz, E., Finlayson, C. E., Liscio, A., Otten, M. B. J., Trapani, S., M?llen, K., Beljonne, D., Friend, R. H., Notle, R. J. M., Rowan, A. E., Samori, P. (2010). Macromolecular Scaffolding: The Relationship Between Nanoscale Architecture and Function in Multichromophoric Arrays for Organic Electronics. Advanced Materials, 22 (8), E81-E88.The optimization of the electronic properties of molecular materials based on optically or electrically active organic building blocks requires a fine-tuning of their self-assembly properties at surfaces. Such a fine-tuning can be obtained on a scale up to 10 nm by mastering principles of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., by using suitably designed molecules interacting via pre-programmed noncovalent forces. The control and fine-tuning on a greater length scale is more difficult and challenging. This Research News highlights recent results we obtained on a new class of macromolecules that possess a very rigid backbone and side chains that point away from this backbone. Each side chain contains an organic semiconducting moiety, whose position and electronic interaction with neighboring moieties are dictated by the central macromolecular scaffold. A combined experimental and theoretical approach has made it possible to unravel the physical and chemical properties of this system across multiple length scales. The (opto)electronic properties of the new functional architectures have been explored by constructing prototypes of field-effect transistors and solar cells, thereby providing direct insight into the relationship between architecture and function.Peer reviewe