pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Regulation of FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 expression in embryonic and vascular tissues of Brassica napus

International audienceThe expression of the FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 genes was characterised to provide insight into the regulation of very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) biosynthesis in Brassica napus embryos. Each of the two rapeseed homoeologous genes (Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2) encoding isozymes of 3-keto-acylCoA synthase, a subunit of the cytoplasmic acyl-CoA elongase complex that controls the production of elongated fatty acids, are expressed predominantly in developing seeds. The proximal regions of the Bn-FAE1.1 and Bn-FAE1.2 promoters possess strong sequence identity suggesting that transcriptional control of expression is mediated by this region which contains putative cis-elements characteristic of those found in the promoters of genes expressed in embryo and endosperm. Histochemical staining of rapeseed lines expressing Bn-FAE1.1 promoter:reporter gene fusions revealed a strong expression in the embryo cotyledon and axis throughout the maturation phase. Quantitative analyses revealed the region, −331 to −149, exerts a major control on cotyledon specific expression and the level of expression. A second region, −640 to −475, acts positively to enhance expression levels and extends expression of Bn-FAE1.1 into the axis and hypocotyl but also acts negatively to repress expression in the root meristem. The expression of the Bn-FAE1.1 gene was not restricted to the seed but was also detected in the vascular tissues of germinating seedlings and mature plants in the fascicular cambium tissue present in roots, stem and leaf petiole. We propose that Bn-FAE1.1 expression in vascular tissue may contribute VLCFA for barrier lipid synthesis and reflects the ancestral function of FAE1 encoded 3-keto-acylCoA synthase
Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear data in haematophagous flies support the paraphyly of the genus Stomoxys (Diptera: Muscidae).

International audienceThe genus Stomoxys Geoffroy (Diptera; Muscidae) contains species of parasitic flies that are of medical and economic importance. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis including 10 representative species of the genus including multiple exemplars, together with the closely related genera Prostomoxys Zumpt, Haematobosca Bezzi, and Haematobia Lepeletier & Serville. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods from DNA fragments from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, 753bp) and cytochrome b (CytB, 587bp) mitochondrial genes, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2, 426bp). The combination of mitochondrial and nuclear data strongly supports the paraphyly of the genus Stomoxys because of the inclusion of Prostomoxys saegerae Zumpt. This unexpected result suggests that Prostomoxys should be renamed into Stomoxys. Also, the deep molecular divergence observed between the subspecies Stomoxys niger niger Macquart and S. niger bilineatus Grünbreg led us to propose that they should rather be considered as distinct species, in agreement with ecological data. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses support three distinct lineages within the genus Stomoxys with a strong biogeographical component. The first lineage consists solely of the divergent Asian species S. indicus Picard which appears as the sister-group to all remaining Stomoxys species. The second clade groups the strictly African species Stomoxys inornatus Grünbreg, Stomoxys transvittatus Villeneuve, Stomoxys omega Newstead, and Stomoxys pallidus Roubaud. Finally, the third clade includes both African occurring and more widespread species such as the livestock pest Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus. Divergence time estimates indicate that the genus Stomoxys originated in the late Oligocene around 30 million years ago, with the major lineages diversifying in the Early Miocene between 20 and 15 million years ago at a time when temperate forests developed in the Northern Hemisphere
Intermittency in spherical Couette dynamos

International audienceWe investigate dynamo action in three-dimensional numerical simulations of turbulent spherical Couette flows. Close to the onset of dynamo action, the magnetic field exhibits an intermittent behavior, characterized by a series of short bursts of the magnetic energy separated by low-energy phases. We show that this behavior corresponds to the so-called on-off intermittency. This behavior is here reported for dynamo action with realistic boundary conditions. We investigate the role of magnetic boundary conditions in this phenomenon
Comparative chemistry of diffuse clouds. V. Ammonia and formaldehyde

Using the VLA and NRAO 140' telescopes we observed the ?1.3 cm (1, 1) and (2, 2) lines of NH3 in absorption and emission toward the compact extragalactic continuum sources NRAO150 (B0355+508) and 3C 111 (B0415+379). These sources are occulted by some seven local diffuse and translucent clouds showing molecular absorption in OH, CO, HCO+ and C2H: for the four features having NH3 absorption, we find rotational excitation temperatures 18-24 K, suggesting kinetic temperatures of at least 25-30 K. The abundance ratio N(NH_3)/N(HCO^+) is comparable to values quoted for the cyanopolyyne peak in TMC-1 (i.e., 2.5) in three of four cases where NH3 was seen. For clouds with higher column density N(HCO^+) ? 1012~~cm-2, the NH3 column density N(NH_3) is well correlated only with N(CS) (< N(NH_3)/N(CS)> ? 1.0) and N(H2CO) (< N(NH_3)/N(H2CO)> ? 0.4). N(H2CO) is well correlated with N(NH_3) and N(CS) ( ? 2.3) and the H2CO abundance relative to other species is like TMC-1, with ( ? 2.3)
Storm-induced energization of radiation belt electrons: Effect of wave obliquity

International audience[1] New Cluster statistics allow us to determine for the first time the variations of both the obliquity and intensity of lower-band chorus waves as functions of latitude and geomagnetic activity near L 5. The portion of wave power in very oblique waves decreases during highly disturbed periods, consistent with increased Landau damping by inward-penetrating suprathermal electrons. Simple analytical considerations as well as full numerical calculations of quasi-linear diffusion rates demonstrate that early-time electron acceleration occurs in a regime of loss-limited energization. In this regime, the average wave obliquity plays a critical role in mitigating lifetime reduction as wave intensity increases with geomagnetic activity, suggesting that much larger energization levels should be reached during the early recovery phase of storms than during quiet time or moderate disturbances, the latter corresponding to stronger losses. These new effects should be included in realistic radiation belt simulations. Citation: Artemyev, A. V., O. V. Agapitov, D. Mourenas, V. Krasnoselskikh, and L. M. Zelenyi (2013), Storm-induced ener-gization of radiation belt electrons: Effect of wave obliquity, Geophys
Low cost power and flow rates measurements in manufacturing plants

International audienceThe ability to measure, monitor and control energy consumption at several key locations in a manufacturing plant is a major prerequisite for any efficient energy management program. To identify and evaluate energy savings, one must get a clear view of how the energy is used. Furthermore, measuring energy flows is one of the necessary conditions for long lasting energyefficient solutions. Most of the time energy managers are reluctant to put in place power and flow rate measuring devices either because of their cost or because this implies stopping production. To find acceptable and economical solutions for long lasting energy measurements in Industry, EDF R&D launched a 3-year collaborative research project called CHIC. This project is funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and involves 7 partners. Its total budget amounts to 2.55 M€. This project serves two purposes: to build a clamp-on power meter that could be installed around multi-conductors power cables without interrupting power supply, and to build power and flow meters that derive the sought-for variable from mathematical models and from simple and easy to collect other physical measurements (e.g. command signals, etc...)
A vortex solid-to-liquid transition with fully anisotropic scaling

International audienceThe vortex solid-to-liquid transition has been studied in heavy ion irradiated untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7− with an inclined applied magnetic field. For magnetic fields tilted at angles about 45 away from the columnar defects, we find that the electric resistivity in the vortex liquid regime approaches zero with power laws in the reduced temperature T − Tc that have different exponents in all three spatial directions. Since the symmetry in the problem has been broken in two non-collinear directions by i) the direction of the columnar defects and ii) the direction of the applied magnetic field, our findings give evidence for a new type of critical behavior with fully anisotropic critical exponents. A possible view of the vortex topology for the transition is also suggested
Channelling of 2.4 GeV Ar ions in a germanium crystal

We present the first experimental channelling study with very energetic heavy ions. This work, performed with 60 MeV/u argon projectiles bombarding a 100 μm thick germanium crystal, aimed at determining the experimental conditions and techniques suitable to the observation of channelling effects with such projectiles. We show that the detection of forward emitted gamma-rays, neutrons and beam fragmentation products allows us to get the crystal aligned and to measure the channelling parameters, χmin and ψ1/2, which we find to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical estimates
Parasite co-infection of two sympatric bivalves, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and the cockle (Cerastoderma edule) along a latitudinal gradient

International audienceAmong the potential biotic factors affecting population dynamics, parasitism has received relatively little attention. The purpose of this study was to inventory marine bivalve parasites and to investigate relations between different parasite communities. Five intertidal stations along the French Atlantic shore were studied between Brittany and Arcachon Bay. Two bivalves (the edible cockle, Cerastoderma edule, and the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum) were sampled and examined. The parasites included a bacterium (Vibrio tapetis), a protozoan (Perkinsus sp.), and digenetic trematode metacercariae (10 species). Perkinsus sp. prevalence and density in clams were higher than those measured in cockles (30 250 vs. 36 cells g−1 of gill wet weight, respectively) while digeneans were more common in cockles (46 metacercariae per cockle host vs. 1 per clam host). Distributions of digeneans and Perkinsus sp. were similar along the Atlantic shore. However, at each sampling station and at the individual scale, no correlation between Perkinsus sp. and digenean abundance was detected. These results suggest different ecological niches used by these two parasites within a community of bivalves but a similar response to environmental factors such as temperature and salinity. Vibrio tapetis was found at relatively high prevalence in all stations for both bivalve species (from 17% to 43% in cockles and from 23% to 50% in clams), but was associated with a low prevalence of Brown Ring Disease (BRD), a shell disease caused by this pathogen. No statistically significant relationship of these parasitic bacteria with trematodes and Perkinsus sp. was evidenced in the present study
Pioneers of the History of Cartography: the Geneva map collection of Élisée Reclus and Charles Perron

International audienceIn recent years, researchers have rediscovered the important cartographic collection of Élisée Reclus (1830-1905) and Charles Perron (1837-1909), which contains more than 10,000 maps of all kinds from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, including several reproductions of early maps from Antiquity and the Middle Ages. This paper explores the contribution of these two geographers to the history of cartography as a critical discipline, analyzing the construction of the Reclus-Perron cartographic collection. Then, it looks at some examples of its social and political utilization at the beginning of the twentieth century, namely at the Cartographic Museum of Geneva (1907-1922). These materials provide an original social interpretation of the history of cartography as a critical discipline endowed of a social utility, as well as an opportunity to explore a different way of conceiving maps and geography, one which diverged from the uncritical hagiographies of geographical discoveries and cartographic accuracy which were typical of that time
A symbolic approach to automatic multiword term structuring.

International audienceThis paper presents a three-level structuring of multiword terms (MWTs) basing on lexical inclusion, WordNet similarity and a clustering approach. Term cluster- ing by automatic data analysis methods offers an interesting way of organizing a domain's knowledge structures, useful for several information-oriented tasks like science and technology watch, textmining, computer-assisted ontology population, Question Answering(Q-A). This paper explores how this three-level term structuring brings to light the knowledge structures from a corpus of genomics and compares the mapping of the domain topics against a hand-built ontology (the GENIA ontology). Ways of integrating the results into a Q-A system are discussed
Measurements and modelling of atmospheric pollution over the Paris area: an overview of the ESQUIF Project

International audienceThe "Étude et Simulation de la QUalité de l'air en Ile de France" (ESQUIF) project is the first integrated project dedicated to the study of the processes leading to air pollution events over the Paris area. The project was carried out over two years (summer 1998 to winter 2000) to document all types of meteorological conditions favourable to air quality degradation, and in particular to photo oxydant formation. The goals of ESQUIF are (1) to improve our understanding of the relevant chemical and dynamical processes and, in turn, improve their parametrizations in numerical models, and (2) to improve and validate existing models dedicated to pollution analysis, scenarios and/or forecasting, by establishing a comprehensive and thorough database. We present the rationale of the ESQUIF project and we describe the experimental set-up. We also report on the first experiments which took place during the summer of 1998 involving surface networks, and remote sensing instruments as well as several aircraft. Focusing on three days of August 1998, the relative contributions of long-range transported and locally-produced ozone to the elevated ozone concentrations observed during this period are discussed and chemistry-transport model preliminary results on this period are compared to measurements.<br><br><b>Key words: </b>Atmospheric composition and structure (pollution – urban and regional; troposphere – composition and chemistry) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (mesoscale meteorology
Fast multipole method applied to 3D frequency domain elastodynamics

This article is concerned with the formulation and implementation of a fast multipole-accelerated BEM for 3-D elastodynamics in the frequency domain, based on the so-called diagonal form for the expansion of the elastodynamic fundamental solution, a multi-level strategy. As usual with the FM-BEM, the linear system of BEM equations is solved by GMRES, and the matrix is never explicitly formed. The truncation parameter in the multipole expansion is adjusted to the level, a feature known from recent published studies for the Maxwell equations. A preconditioning strategy based on the concept of sparse approximate inverse (SPAI) is presented and implemented. The proposed formulation is assessed on numerical examples involving $O(10^{5})$ BEM unknowns, which show in particular that, as expected, the proposed FM-BEM is much faster than the traditional BEM, and that the GMRES iteration count is significantly reduced when the SPAI preconditioner is used
Topological derivative for the inverse scattering of elastic waves

To establish an alternative analytical framework for the elastic-wave imaging of underground cavities, the focus of this study is an extension of the concept of topological derivative, rooted in elastostatics and shape optimization, to three-dimensional elastodynamics involving semi-infinite and infinite solids. The main result of the proposed boundary integral approach is a formula for topological derivative, explicit in terms of the elastodynamic fundamental solution, obtained by an asymptotic expansion of the misfit-type cost functional with respect to the creation of an infinitesimal hole in an otherwise intact (semi-infinite or infinite) elastic medium. Valid for an arbitrary shape of the infinitesimal cavity, the formula involves the solution of six canonical exterior elastostatic problems, and becomes fully explicit when the vanishing cavity is spherical. A set of numerical results is included to illustrate the potential of topological derivative as a computationally efficient tool for exposing an approximate cavity topology, location, and shape via a grid-type exploration of the host solid. For a comprehensive solution to three-dimensional inverse scattering problems involving elastic waves, the proposed approach can be used most effectively as a pre-conditioning tool for more refined, albeit computationally intensive minimization-based imaging algorithms. To the authors' knowledge, an application of topological derivative to inverse scattering problems has not been attempted before; the methodology proposed in this paper could also be extended to acoustic problems
Formation of metamorphic core complex in inherited wedges: A thermomechanical modelling study

International audienceMetamorphic Core Complexes (MCCs) form when a thickened domain with a low-strength lower crust is submitted to extension. These structures are characteristic of post-orogenic extension, and field observations suggest that several MCCs rework a crustal nappe-stack emplaced before extension begins. These MCCs therefore develop within heterogeneous crusts that contain pre-existing dipping heterogeneities, such as thrust faults and dipping nappes in a crustal wedge. Although very common, this first order structural inheritance has never been considered in studies modelling MCCs. Our contribution therefore investigates the effect of an inherited crustal wedge structure on the dynamics and kinematics of formation of the MCCs, using fully coupled thermomechanical modelling. The wealth of petrological, structural and time informations available in the Cycladic MCCs (Aegean domain) allows setting up more realistic initial conditions for the experiments than usual flat-lying setups. It also allows the results of the numerical computation to be directly validated with final geometries, P-T paths and exhumation rates. The experiments using dipping heterogeneities are characterised by a much more complex evolution and final structure than their flat-lying layered equivalents. Dipping heterogeneities drive lateral strength contrasts and help to re-localise the deformation on successive detachments. The dip of the inherited wedge structures imposes kinematic constraints on the flow, which provides a model that explains the regional scale asymmetry of the Cycladic MCCs. The P-T paths, the exhumation rates and the final crustal structure that come out of an initial shallow-dipping wedge model provide a much more realistic comparison with their natural counter-parts than common flat-lying models. Other parameters, like crustal-scale density inversion, thermal structure and creep law parameters are of second order when compared to the initial wedge structure. Being little dependent on these second order parameters, the proposed model for the formation of MCCs within inherited crustal wedges is likely to be applied to other areas where the MCCs formed in a nappe stack involving continental basement
Magma storage conditions of the last eruption of Teide volcano (Canary Islands, Spain)

International audiencePhase equilibrium experiments were performed to determine the pre-eruptive conditions of the phonolitic magma responsible for the last eruption (about 1,150 yr B.P.) of Teide volcano. The Lavas Negras phonolite contains 30 to 40 wt% of phenocrysts, mainly anorthoclase, diopside, and magnetite. We have investigated pressures from 100 to 250 MPa, temperatures from 750 to 925°C, water contents from 1.3 to 10 wt%, at an oxygen fugacity (fO2) of 1 log unit above the Ni-NiO solid buffer. Comparison of the natural and experimental phase proportions and compositions indicates that the phonolite was stored at 900 ± 20°C, 150 ± 50 MPa, 3 ± 0.5 wt% dissolved H2O in the melt. The fO2 was probably close to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz solid buffer judging from results of other experimental studies. These conditions constrain the magma storage depth at about 5 ± 1 km below current summit of Teide volcano. Given that the island has not suffered any major structural or topographic changes since the Lavas Negras eruption, any remaining magma from this event should still be stored at such depth and probably with a similar thermal and rheological state
A new generation photodetector for astroparticle physics: The VSiPMT

The VSiPMT (Vacuum Silicon PhotoMultiplier Tube) is an innovative design we proposed for a revolutionary photon detector. The main idea is to replace the classical dynode chain of a PMT with a SiPM (G-APD), the latter acting as an electron detector and amplifier. The aim is to match the large sensitive area of a photocathode with the performance of the SiPM technology. The VSiPMT has many attractive features. In particular, a low power consumption and an excellent photon counting capability. To prove the feasibility of the idea we first tested the performance of a special non-windowed SiPM by Hamamatsu (MPPC) as electron detector and current amplifier. Thanks to this result Hamamatsu realized two VSiPMT industrial prototypes. In this work, we present the results of a full characterization of the VSiPMT prototype
Evaluation of the role of glutathione in the lead-induced toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The effect of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) in the lead stress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Yeast cells exposed to Pb, for 3 h, lost the cell proliferation capacity (viability) and decreased intracellular GSH level. The Pb-induced loss of cell viability was compared among yeast cells deficient in GSH1 (∆gsh1) or GSH2 (∆gsh2) genes and wild-type (WT) cells. When exposed to Pb, ∆gsh1 and ∆gsh2 cells did not display an increased loss of viability, compared with WT cells. However, the depletion of cellular thiols, including GSH, by treatment of WT cells with iodoacetamide (an alkylating agent, which binds covalently to thiol group), increased the loss of viability in Pb-treated cells. In contrast, GSH enrichment, due to the incubation of WT cells with amino acids mixture constituting GSH (l-glutamic acid, l-cysteine and glycine), reduced the Pb-induced loss of proliferation capacity. The obtained results suggest that intracellular GSH is involved in the defence against the Pb-induced toxicity; however, at physiological concentration, GSH seems not to be sufficient to prevent the Pb-induced loss of cell viability
Ferrocenylnaphthalene Diimide-Based Electrochemical Detection of Aberrant Methylation in hTERT Gene

Since aberrant methylation at CpG sites is linked to the silencing of tumor suppressor genes, DNA methylation analysis is important for cancer diagnosis. We developed ferrocenylnaphthalene diimide (FND), which has two ferrocenyl moieties at the substituent termini, as an electrochemical indicator for hybridized DNA duplexes. In this study, we attempted to detect aberrant methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (hTERT), an efficient cancer marker, using FND-based hybridization coupled with electrochemical detection via a multi-electrode chip