pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Using radiative cooling to condense atmospheric vapor: a study to improve water yield

International audienceAn inexpensive radiative condenser for collecting atmospheric vapor (dew) was tested in Grenoble (France). The surface temperature measurements are correlated with meteorological data (wind velocity, air temperature) and compared to the corresponding surface temperature of a horizontal Polymethylmethacrylate (Plexiglas) reference plate located nearby. The condenser surface is a rectangular foil (1 x 0.3 m 2) made of TiO2 and BaSO4 microspheres embedded in polyethylene. The foil has an angle with respect to horizontal. The backside of the device, thermally isolated, faces the direction of the dominant nocturnal wind. Both a 2-D numerical simulation of the air circulation around the foil and experimental measurements shows that the 30° angle is a good compromise between weak wind influence, large light-emission solid angle and easy drop collection. The study was conducted from November 25, 1999 to January 23, 2001. In comparison to the reference plate, it is found that water yield can be increased by up to 20 % and water collection greatly facilitated
Fault kinematics and active tectonics at the southeastern boundary of the eastern Alborz (Abr and Khij fault zones): geodynamic implications for NNE Iran

International audienceThe Alborz is a region of active deformation within the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. The Abr and the Khij Faults are two NE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults in the eastern Alborz that correspond to the Shahrud fault system extended through an area of about 95×55 km. Tectonic landforms typically associated with active strike-slip faults, such as deflected stream channels, offset ridges and fault scarps are documented along the mentioned faults. Detailed analyses of satellite images and digital topographic data accompanied by field surveys allowed us to measure horizontal offsets of about 420±50m and 400±50m for the Abr and Khij faults, respectively. A total of 8 quartz-rich samples were sampled and dated from two different fan surfaces using in situ-produced Be cosmogenic dating method. Minimum exposure ages for the abandonment of the alluvial fan surfaces of 115±14 kyr along the Abr Fault and of 230±16 kyr along the Khij Fault imply that both faults are active with slip rates of about 3-4mm yr and 1-3mm yr, respectively. The results of our study provide the first direct quantitative geological estimates of slip rate along these two active faults and place a new constraint on slip distribution between the faults in the eastern Alborz. Fault kinematic studies (from fault slip data) indicate a N35°E-trending maximum stress axis comprising a dominant strike-slip regime in agreement with the geomorphological analyses. The left-lateral strike-slip faulting along the Abr and Khij faults and their associated fault zones in the eastern Alborz can be due to the westward component of motion of the South Caspian Basin with respect to Eurasia and Central Iran
Free core nutation resonance parameters from VLBI and superconducting gravimeter data

International audienceContext: Free core nutation (FCN) can be observed by its associated resonance effects on the forced nutations of the Earth's figure axis, as observed by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), or on the diurnal tidal waves, retrieved from the time-varying surface gravity recorded by superconducting gravimeters (SG). Aims: In this paper, we study the sensitivity of both techniques to FCN parameters. Methods: We analyze surface gravity data from 15 SG stations and VLBI delays accumulated over the last 24 years. Results: We obtain estimates of the FCN period and quality factor that are consistent for both techniques. The inversion leads to a quality factor centered on ~16 600 with an uncertainty of ~3500 from SG and of ~900 from VLBI, and to a resonant period within [ -423.3, -430.5] days for SG and [ -427.8, -431.4] days for VLBI (3σ interval)
The influence of phosphorus content on magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic (Ga, Mn) (As, P)/GaAs thin films

International audienceThe magnetic anisotropy of the ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga, Mn) (As, P) is studied in a material-specific microscopic k . p approach. We calculate the electronic energy band structure of (Ga, Mn) (As, P) quaternary ferromagnetic alloys using a 40-band k . p model and taking into account the s, p-d exchange interaction and the strain of the (Ga, Mn) (As, P) layer on a GaAs substrate. We determine the variations of the carrier effective masses in the strained (Ga, Mn) (As, P)/GaAs system. The magnetic anisotropy constants obtained from our simulations using a mean-field model are compared with the experimental ones determined by ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy on a set of samples with constant manganese concentration and varying phosphorus concentration. An excellent quantitative agreement between experiment and theory is found for the uniaxial out-of-plane and cubic in-plane anisotropy parameters
Vertical angular momentum transfer from accretion discs and the formation of large-scale collimated jets

Invited conference 35th European Physical society on Plasma PhysicsInternational audienceIn this paper I present an overview of the favoured scenario explaining the presence of twin cylindrical astrophysical jets in the vicinity of accretion discs. These jets are made of plasma and host large-scale magnetic fields. The twin jets flow away from the accreting system in opposite directions, perpendicular to the plane of the accretion disc. In the scenario presented in this paper, the accretion disc interacts with the magnetic field in such a way that the disc angular momentum is removed from the disc and transported away along the magnetic field lines. Such a transport is the source of the jet phenomenon as the angular momentum is given back to a tiny amount of material extracted from the disc. This outflow is then powered by the disc rotation as the disc is able to enter an accretion motion where matter releases its gravitational energy. The angular momentum carried by the jet is actually present through the existence of an electric current. In the jet cylindrical geometry, the presence of this current is able to provide a collimating mechanism where the magnetic field pinches the plasma column. This mechanism is very close to the one acting in tokamak reactors. Apart from explaining how the plasma outflow is able to be self-confined by the magnetic field present in the flow, this scenario is also able to explain how jet mass can be accelerated thanks to the magnetohydrodynamics Poynting flux escaping from the disc. In this presentation I finally present the constraints arising from the scenario, in particular upon the turbulent transport coefficient required to get a steady structure
Spatio-temporal surface soil heat flux estimates from satellite data; results for the AMMA experiment at the Fakara (Niger) supersite

This paper describes a method that employs Earth Observation (EO) data to calculate spatiotemporal estimates of soil heat flux, G, using a physically-based method (the Analytical Method). The method involves a harmonic analysis of land surface temperature (LST) data. It also requires an estimate of near-surface soil thermal inertia; this property depends on soil textural composition and varies as a function of soil moisture content. The EO data needed to drive the model equations, and the ground-based data required to provide verification of the method, were obtained over the Fakara domain within the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program. LST estimates (3 km × 3 km, one image 15 min−1) were derived from MSG-SEVIRI data. Soil moisture estimates were obtained from ENVISAT-ASAR data, while estimates of leaf area index, LAI, (to calculate the effect of the canopy on G, largely due to radiation extinction) were obtained from SPOT-HRV images. The variation of these variables over the Fakara domain, and implications for values of G derived from them, were discussed. Results showed that this method provides reliable large-scale spatiotemporal estimates of G. Variations in G could largely be explained by the variability in the model input variables. Furthermore, it was shown that this method is relatively insensitive to model parameters related to the vegetation or soil texture. However, the strong sensitivity of thermal inertia to soil moisture content at low values of relative saturation (<0.2) means that in arid or semi-arid climates accurate estimates of surface soil moisture content are of utmost importance, if reliable estimates of G are to be obtained. This method has the potential to improve large-scale evaporation estimates, to aid land surface model prediction and to advance research that aims to explain failure in energy balance closure of meteorological field studies
Structural and Sedimentary records of the Oligocene revolution in the Western Alpine arc

International audienceThe northwestwards-directed Eocene propagation of the Western Alpine orogen is linked with (1) compressional structures in the basement and the Mesozoic sedimentary cover of the European foreland, well preserved in the External Zone (or Dauphiné Zone) of the Western Alps, and (2) tectono-sedimentary features associated with the displacement of the early Tertiary foreland basin. Three major shortening episodes are identified: A pre-Priabonian deformation D1 (N-S shortening), supposedly linked with the Pyrenean-Provence orogeny, and two Alpine shortening events D2 (N- to NW-directed) and D3 (W-directed). The change afficher lignesfrom D2 to D3, which occurred during early Oligocene time in the Dauphiné zone, is demonstrated by a high obliquity between the trends of the D3 folds and thrusts, which follow the arcuate orogen, and of the D2 structures which are crosscut by them. This change is also recorded in the evolution of the Alpine foreland basins: the flexural basin propagating NW-wards from Eocene to earliest Oligocene shows thin-skinned compressional deformation, with syn-depositional basin-floor tilting and submarine removal of the basin infill above active structures. Locally, a steep submarine slope scar is overlain by kilometric-scale blocks slided NW-wards from the orogenic wedge. The deformations of the basin floor and the associated sedimentary and erosional features are kinematically consistent with D2 in the Dauphiné foreland. Since ~32 Ma ago, the previously subsiding areas were uplifted and the syntectonic sedimentation shifted westwards. Simultaneously, the paleo-accretionnary prism which developped during the previous, continental subduction stage was rapidly exhumed during the Oligocene collision stage due to westward indenting by the Adriatic lithosphere, which likely enhanced the relief and erosion rate. The proposed palinspastic restoration takes into account this two-stage evolution, with important northward transport of the distal passive margin fragments (Briançonnais) involved in the accretionnary prism before the formation of the western arc, which now crosscuts the westward termination of the ancient orogen. By early Oligocene, the Ivrea body indentation which was kinematically linked with the Insubric line activation initiated the westward escape and the curvature of the arc was progressively acquired, as recorded by southward increasing counter-clockwise rotations in the internal nappes. We propose that the present N-S trend of the Ivrea lithospheric mantle indenter which appears roughly rectilinear at ~15 km depth could be a relict of the western transform boundary of Adria during its northward Eocene drift. The renewed Oligocene Alpine kinematics and the related change in the mode of accomodation of Africa-Europe convergence can be correlated with deep lithospheric causes, i.e. partial detachment of the Tethyan slab and/or a change in motion of the Adria plate, and was enhanced by the E-directed rollback of the eastern Ligurian oceanic domain and the incipient Ligurian rifting
Weak CCP bisimilarity with strong procedures

International audienceConcurrent constraint programming (CCP) is a well-established model for concurrency that singles out the fundamental aspects of asynchronous systems whose agents (or processes) evolve by posting and querying (partial) information in a global medium. Bisimilarity is a standard behavioral equivalence in concurrency theory. However, only recently a well-behaved notion of bisimilarity for CCP, and a CCP partition refinement algorithm for deciding the strong version of this equivalence have been proposed. Weak bisimilarity is a central behavioral equivalence in process calculi and it is obtained from the strong case by taking into account only the actions that are observable in the system. Typically, the standard partition refinement can also be used for deciding weak bisimilarity simply by using Milner's reduction from weak to strong bisimilarity; a technique referred to as saturation. In this paper we demonstrate that, because of its involved labeled transitions, the above-mentioned saturation technique does not work for CCP. We give an alternative reduction from weak CCP bisimilarity to the strong one that allows us to use the CCP partition refinement algorithm for deciding this equivalence
Alteration of As-bearing phases in a small watershed located on a high grade arsenic-geochemical anomaly (French Massif Central)

International audienceAt a watershed scale, sediments and soil weathering exerts a control on solid and dissolved transport of trace elements in surface waters and it can be considered as a source of pollution. The studied subwatershed (1.5 km2) was located on an As geochemical anomaly. The studied soil profile showed a significant decrease of As content from 1500 mg.kg-1 in the 135-165 cm deepest soil layer to 385 mg.kg-1 in the upper 0-5 cm soil layer. Directly in the stream, suspended matter and the <63 μm fraction of bed sediments had As concentrations greater than 400 mg.kg-1. In all these solid fractions, the main representative As-bearing phases were determined at two different observation scales: bulk analyses using X-ray absorption structure spectroscopy (XAS) and microanalyses using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and associated electron probe microanalyses (EPMA), as well as micro-Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron-based micro-scanning X-ray diffraction (μSXRD) characterization. Three main As-bearing phases were identified: (i) arsenates (mostly pharmacosiderite), the most concentrated phases As in both the coherent weathered bedrock and the 135-165 cm soil layer but not observed in the river solid fraction, (ii) Fe-oxyhydroxides with in situ As content up to 15.4 wt.% in the deepest soil layer, and (iii) aluminosilicates, the least concentrated As carriers. The mineralogical evolution of As-bearing phases in the soil profile, coupled with the decrease of bulk As content, may be related to pedogenesis processes, suggesting an evolution of arsenates into As-rich Fe-oxyhydroxides. Therefore, weathering and mineralogical evolution of these As-rich phases may release As to surface waters
The Léon Domain (French Massif Armoricain): a westward extension of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise? Structural and geochronological insights

International audienceThe Léon Domain in the NW part of the French Massif Armoricain is a stack of synmetamorphic nappes displaced from south to north in ductile conditions. From bottom to top, an orthogneissic basement is overthrusted successively by (1) a Lower Nappe of gneiss including mafic eclogites, (2) an Intermediate Nappe of biotite–garnet–staurolite micaschists with mafic blocks, and (3) an upper nappe made up of Neoproterozoic phyllites covered by unmetamorphosed Paleozoic sedimentary series. This microstructural study documents a polyphase evolution with firstly a top-to-the-N shearing, secondly followed by upright folding of the stack of nappes coeval with migmatization, and lastly, a dextral wrenching along the North Armorican Shear Zone associated with emplacement of synkinematic plutons. New U–Th/Pb chemical dating of monazites from biotite–garnet–staurolite micaschists, migmatites, and granitoids argue for 340–335 Ma, 335–327 Ma, and about 320 Ma ages for synthrusting metamorphism, anatexis, and wrenching, respectively. A metagabbro from Le Conquet yields a zircon LA-ICP-MS age of 478 ± 4 Ma, which corresponds to magma emplacement time. The Léon Domain is interpreted as a microcontinent separated from Armorica by the Le Conquet-Penzé suture to the south and east, and from Laurussia by the Rheic suture to the north. A possible correlation with the Mid-German Crystalline Rise of Central Europe is discussed
On the attainable set for a class of triangular systems of conservation laws

International audienceWe explore attainability for a special class of triangular systems of conservation laws, not necessarily strictly hyperbolic, which includes the system of multi-component chromatography. Roughly speaking, such systems consist of linear continuity equations coupled with a scalar genuinely nonlinear conservation law. The classical Keyfitz-Kranzer system is also included, with minor modifications. We prove that the backward solutions we construct are appropriate solutions of the system in view of the classical theories for general conservation laws. In particular, we get isentropic solutions whenever nontrivial entropies for the system are defined. We give numerical examples of the isentropic backward resolution of such systems for attainable target data
Regulation of spontaneous rhythmic activity and organization of pacemakers as memory traces by spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity in a hippocampal model

It is widely believed that memory traces can be stored through synaptic conductance modification of dense excitatory recurrent connections (ERCs) in the hippocampal CA3 region, namely associative memory. ERCs, on the other hand, are crucial to maintain spontaneous rhythmic activity in CA3. Since it is experimentally suggested that synaptic conductances of ERCs are modified through spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (STDP), rhythmic activity might modify ERCs with the presence of STDP because rhythmic activity involves discharges of pyramidal cells. Memory patterns that are stored using ERCs might thus be modified or even destroyed. Rhythmic activity itself might also be modified. In this study, we assumed that the synaptic modification in the hippocampal CA3 was subject to STDP, and examined the coexistence of memory traces and rhythmic activity. The activity of the network was dominated by radially propagating burst activities (radial activities) that initiated at local regions and acted as pacemakers. The frequency of the rhythmic activity converged into one specific frequency with time, depending on the shape of the STDP functions. This indicates that rhythmic activity could be regulated by STDP. By applying theta burst stimulation locally to the network, we found that the stimulation whose frequency was higher than that of the spontaneous rhythmic activity could organize a new radial activity at the stimulus site. Newly organized radial activities were preserved for seconds after the termination of the stimulation. These results imply that CA3 with STDP has an ability to self-regulate rhythmic activity and that memory traces can coexist with the rhythmic activity by means of radial activity
Feature of dislocation channeling in neutron-irradiated V-Cr-Ti alloys

Post-irradiation annealing experiments were used to study the recovery of
	microstructure and mechanical properties in V-Cr-Ti and V-Fe-Ti alloys
	irradiated at 228°C to 4dpa. After 500°C post irradiation annealing, dislocation
	channeling occurred at deformed area in tensile specimens and significant loss
	of ductility resulted. For post irradiation annealing above 600°C, recovery of
	damage structure and tensile properties occurred and irradiation hardening
	completely disappeared in V-3Fe-4Ti-0.1Si. Clear dislocation channels can be
	seen mainly in deformed areas of specimens showing significant loss of ductility,
	however, a pile-up of dislocations in channels was observed at a grain boundary
	where the channel did not penetrate into the adjacent grain. It is assumed that
	3
	defect clusters were absorbed by mobile dislocations and no debris or segments
	of defect clusters were left in clear channels of bcc metals and alloys under
	post-irradiation deformation
Amphiphilic Elastin-Like Block Co-Recombinamers Containing 2 Leucine Zippers: Cooperative Interplay between Both Domains 3 Results in Injectable and Stable Hydrogels

Many biological processes are regulated by reversible binding events, with these interactions between macromolecules representing the core of dynamic chemistry. As such, any attempt to gain a better understanding of such interactions, which would pave the way to the extrapolation of natural designs to create new advanced systems, is clearly of interest. This work focuses on the development of a leucine zipper-elastin-like recombinamer (ZELR) in order to elucidate the behavior of such domains when coexisting along the same molecule and to engineer reversible, injectable and stable hydrogels. The unique propensity of the Z-moiety selected to dimerize, together with the thermosensitive behavior of the ELR, which has been constructed as a thermosensitive amphiphilic tetrablock, has been engineered into a single recombinant molecule. In this molecular design, the Z-moieties are unable to form a network, while the ELR is below its Tt, thus, guaranteeing the liquid-like state of the system. However, this situation changes rapidly as the temperature increases above Tt, where a stable hydrogel is formed, as demostrated by rheological tests. The inability of the ELR molecule (without Z-domains) to form such a stable hydrogel above Tt clearly points to a positive cooperative effect between these two domains (Z and EL), and no conformational changes in the former are involved, as demonstrated by circular dichroism analysis. AFM shows that Z-motifs seem to induce the aggregation of micelles, which supports the enhanced stability displayed by ZELRs when compared to ELR at the macroscale level. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that such an interplay between these two domains has been reported. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the resulting hydrogels opens the door to their use in biomedical applications.Este trabajo forma parte de Proyectos de Investigación financiados por la Comisión Europea a través del Fondo Social Europeo (FSE) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ERDF), por el del MINECO (MAT2013-41723R, MAT2013-42473-R, MAT2012-38043 y PRI-PIBAR-2011-1403), la Junta de Castilla y León (VA049A11, VA152A12 y VA155A12) y el Instituto de Salud Carlos III bajo el Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León
Measuring the vulnerability of public transport networks

In the last years, studies on the vulnerability of public transport networks attract a growing attention because of the repercussions that incidents can have on the day-to-day functioning of a city. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology for measuring public transport network vulnerability taking the Madrid Metro system as an example. The consequences of a disruptions of riding times or the number of missed trips are analysed for each of the network links with a full scan approach implemented in GIS (Geographic Information Systems). Using real trips distribution, each link in the network is measured for criticality, from which the vulnerability of lines and stations can be calculated. The proposed methodology also makes it possible to analyse the role of circular lines in network vulnerability and to obtain a worst-case scenario for the successive disruption of links by simulating a targeted attack on the network. Results show the presence of critical links in the southern part of the network, where line density is low and ridership high. They also highlight the importance of the circular line as an element of network robustness