pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Pivotal and Pivotal-discriminative Consequence Relations

In the present paper, we investigate consequence relations that are both
paraconsistent and plausible (but still monotonic). More precisely, we put the
focus on pivotal consequence relations, i.e. those relations that can be
defined by a pivot (in the style of e.g. D. Makinson). A pivot is a fixed
subset of valuations which are considered to be the important ones in the
absolute sense. We worked with a general notion of valuation that covers e.g.
the classical valuations as well as certain kinds of many-valued valuations. In
the many-valued cases, pivotal consequence relations are paraconsistant (in
addition to be plausible), i.e. they are capable of drawing reasonable
conclusions which contain contradictions. We will provide in our general
framework syntactic characterizations of several families of pivotal relations.
In addition, we will provide, again in our general framework, characterizations
of several families of pivotal discriminative consequence relations. The latter
are defined exactly as the plain version, but contradictory conclusions are
rejected. We will also answer negatively a representation problem that was left
open by Makinson. Finally, we will put in evidence a connexion with X-logics
from Forget, Risch, and Siegel. The motivations and the framework of the
present paper are very close to those of a previous paper of the author which
is about preferential consequence relations
Generalization of the Bound State Model

In the bound state approach the heavy baryons are constructed by binding, with any orbital angular momentum, the heavy meson multiplet to the nucleon considered as a soliton in an effective meson theory. We point out that this picture misses an entire family of states, labeled by a different angular momentum quantum number, which are expected to exist according to the geometry of the three-body constituent quark model (for N_C=3). To solve this problem we propose that the bound state model be generalized to include orbitally excited heavy mesons bound to the nucleon. In this approach the missing angular momentum is ``locked-up'' in the excited heavy mesons. In the simplest dynamical realization of the picture we give conditions on a set of coupling constants for the binding of the missing heavy baryons of arbitrary spin. The simplifications made include working in the large M limit, neglecting nucleon recoil corrections, neglecting mass differences among different heavy spin multiplets and also neglecting the effects of light vector mesons
On the dynamics and breakup of a bubble immersed in a turbulent flow

Experimental investigations of the dynamics of a deformable bubble rising in a uniform turbulent flow are reported. The turbulence is characterized by fast PIV. Time-resolved evolutions of bubble translation, rotation and deformation are determined by three-dimensional shape recognition from three perpendicular camera views. The bubble dynamics involves three mechanisms fairly decoupled: (i) average shape is imposed by the mean motion of the bubble relative to liquid; (ii) wake instability generates almost periodic oscillations of velocity and orientation; (iii) turbulence causes random deformations that sometimes lead to breakup. The deformation dynamics is radically different from that observed in the absence of a significant sliding motion due to buoyancy. Large deformations that lead to breakup are not axisymmetric and correspond to elongations in the horizontal direction. The timescale of decay of shape oscillations is of the same order as their natural frequency f2, so that breakup always results from the interaction with a single turbulent eddy. This overdamping causes the statistics of large deformations and the statistics of breakup identical to the statistics of turbulence. The bubble response time f2 however controls the duration of individual breakup events
Coherent and turbulent process analysis effects of a longitudinal vortex on boundary layer detachment on a NACA0015 foil

In this paper, the influence of a single tip vortex on boundary layer detachment is studied.
This study offers a preliminary approach in order to better understand the interaction between a propeller hub vortex and the rudder installed in its wake. This configuration
belongs to the field of marine propulsion and encompasses such specific problem as
cavitation inception, modification of propulsive performances and induced vibrations.
To better understand the complex mechanisms due to propeller–rudder interactions it
was decided to emphasize configurations where the hub vortex is generated by an
elliptical 3-D foil and is located upstream of a 2-D NACA0015 foil at high incidences for a
Reynolds number of 5 105. The physical mechanisms were studied using Time Resolved Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-SPIV) techniques. Particular attention was paid to the detachment at 251 incidence and a detailed cartography of the mean and turbulent properties of the wake is presented. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analysis was applied in order to highlight the unsteady nature of the flow using phase averaging based on the first POD coefficients to characterize the turbulent and coherent process in the near wake of the rudder
Steady state analysis of a storage integrated solar thermophotovoltaic (SISTPV) system

This paper presents the theoretical analysis of a storage integrated solar thermophotovoltaic (SISTPV) system operating in steady state. These systems combine thermophotovoltaic (TPV) technology and high temperature thermal storage phase-change materials (PCM) in the same unit, providing a great potential in terms of efficiency, cost reduction and storage energy density. The main attraction in the proposed system is its simplicity and modularity compared to conventional Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies. This is mainly due to the absence of moving parts. In this paper we analyze the use of Silicon as the phase change material (PCM). Silicon is an excellent candidate because of its high melting point (1680 K) and its very high latent heat of fusion of 1800 kJ/kg, which is about ten times greater than the conventional PCMs like molten salts. For a simple system configuration, we have demonstrated that overall conversion efficiencies up to ?35% are approachable. Although higher efficiencies are expected by incorporating more advanced devices like multijunction TPV cells, narrow band selective emitters or adopting near-field TPV configurations as well as by enhancing the convective/conductive heat transfer within the PCM. In this paper, we also discuss about the optimum system configurations and provide the general guidelines for designing these systems. Preliminary estimates of night time operations indicate it is possible to achieve over 10 h of operation with a relatively small quantity of Silicon
Does the natural "microcosm" created by Tuber aestivum affect soil microarthropods? A new hypothesis based on Collembola in truffle culture

microarthropods play an important role in fungi dispersion, but little is still known about the interaction between truffle and soil microarthropods. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the truffle Tuber aestivum to modify soil biogeochemistry (i.e. create a zone of scarce vegetation around the host plant, called a burn or brûlé) and to highlight the effects of the brûlé on the soil fauna community. We compared soil microarthropod communities found in the soil inside versus outside the T. aestivum brûlé with the chemistry of soil collected inside versus outside the brûlé. The study was carried out in three Mediterranean areas, two in Italy and one in Spain. The results confirmed the ability of T. aestivum to modify soil biogeochemistry in the brûlé: pH was higher and total organic carbon tended to be lower inside the brûlé compared to outside. Soil fauna communities showed some interesting differences. Some groups, such as Symphyla and Pauropoda, adapted well to the soil; some Collembolan families, and biodiversity and soil quality indices were generally higher outside the brûlé. Folsomia sp. showed higher abundance in the soil of the brûlé compared to outside. The results suggest that some Collembola groups may be attracted by the fungal metabolites produced by T. aestivum, while other Collembola and other microarthropods may find an unfavourable environment in the soil of the brûlé. The next steps will be to confirm this hypothesis and to extend the study to other keys groups such as nematodes and earthworms and to link fluctuations of soil communities with the biological phases of truffle growth
Low work-function thermionic emission and orbital-motion-limited ion collection at bare-tether cathodic contact

With a thin coating of low-work-function material, thermionic emission in the cathodic segment of bare tethers might be much greater than orbital-motion-limited (OML) ion collection current. The space charge of the emitted electrons decreases the electric field that accelerates them outwards, and could even reverse it for high enough emission, producing a potential hollow. In this work, at the conditions of high bias and relatively low emission that make the potential monotonic, an asymptotic analysis is carried out, extending the OML ion-collection analysis to investigate the probe response due to electrons emitted by the negatively biased cylindrical probe. At given emission, the space charge effect from emitted electrons increases with decreasing magnitude of negative probe bias. Although emitted electrons present negligible space charge far away from the probe, their effect cannot be neglected in the global analysis for the sheath structure and two thin layers in between sheath and the quasineutral region. The space-charge-limited condition is located. It is found that thermionic emission increases the range of probe radius for OML validity and is greatly more effective than ion collection for cathodic contact of tethers
Rat Race Dynamics and Crazy Companies: The Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior

How and why do technologies spread when and where they do? What are the implications and consequences for the structure, wealth, and management of human organizations? These expansive questions were the subject of the presentations and discussions of the International Conference on Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior, summarized in this chapter. The chapter is organized under the following headings: empirical regularities; theoretical issues; predictability; roles of time and space; definition of niche and innovation; selection dynamics; role of marketing; social aspects of diffusion; globalization of diffusion processes; and applications of diffusion. While the chapter treats some questions for policy in both the public and private sectors, it emphasizes research needs and opportunities in the diffusion field
R-parity violating chargino decays at the LHC

Supersymmetric models with R-parity violation (RPV) have become more popular following the lack of any excess of missing energy events at the 8 TeV LHC. To identify such models, the suggested searches generally rely on the decay products of the (effectively) lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), with signals that depend on the identity of the LSP and the relevant RPV operators. Here we look at the prospects for detecting RPV chargino decays at the LHC and find substantial patches of parameter space in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with possibly spectacular signatures, such as three charged-lepton resonances
The running coupling of 8 flavors and 3 colors

We compute the renormalized running coupling of SU(3) gauge theory coupled to N f = 8 flavors of massless fundamental Dirac fermions. The recently proposed finite volume gradient flow scheme is used. The calculations are performed at several lattice spacings allowing for a controlled continuum extrapolation. The results for the discrete β -function show that it is monotonic without any sign of a fixed point in the range of couplings we cover. As a cross check the continuum results are compared with the well-known perturbative continuum β-function for small values of the renormalized coupling and perfect agreement is found
Loop equation analysis of the circular β ensembles

We construct a hierarchy of loop equations for invariant circular ensembles. These are valid for general classes of potentials and for arbitrary inverse temperatures Re β > 0 and number of eigenvalues N . Using matching arguments for the resolvent functions of linear statistics f ( ζ ) = ( ζ + z )/( ζ − z ) in a particular asymptotic regime, the global regime, we systematically develop the corresponding large N expansion and apply this solution scheme to the Dyson circular ensemble. Currently we can compute the second resolvent function to ten orders in this expansion and also its general Fourier coefficient or moment m k to an equivalent length. The leading large N , large k , k / N fixed form of the moments can be related to the small wave-number expansion of the structure function in the bulk, scaled Dyson circular ensemble, known from earlier work. From the moment expansion we conjecture some exact partial fraction forms for the low k moments. For all of the forgoing results we have made a comparison with the exactly soluble cases of β = 1, 2, 4, general N and even, positive β , N = 2, 3
Effects of chemical stoichiometry of channel region on bias instability in ZnO thin-film transistors

We investigated effects of chemical stoichiometry of ZnO channel, controlled by oxygen partial pressure during deposition, on bias instability for ZnO thin-film transistors. Parallel threshold voltage shifts were mainly enhanced under gate bias stresses due to charge trapping when O-rich ZnO was used for channel layer. On the contrary, negative threshold voltage shifts were observed under both gate and drain bias stresses when Zn-rich ZnO was used for channel layer. This degradation was enhanced regardless of the bias polarity and the direction, attributing to electrically activated trap generations
MMP-2, MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 production by human monocytes in vitro in the presence of different forms of hydroxyapatite particles.

DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.09.034After calcium-phosphates biomaterials based implantation like hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, particles are released in the periprosthetic tissues. Wear-debris induced fibrous membranes contain macrophage subsets that can produce metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are considered to be key enzymes in extra-cellular matrix turnover. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are important regulator of MMPs activity. Interleukin-1 mainly produced by monocytes can also regulate MMPs production. In the present work, we have evaluated the effect of HA particles characteristics (size, shape and sintering temperature) on the MMP-2, -9 and their respective inhibitors TIMP-2, -1 production. Our results demonstrate that sintering temperature (that modify crystal size and surface area) have little effect on MMPs and TIMPs production. Non-phagocytable particles induced more MMP-9, although phagocytable particles induced more IL-1β release. The shape of the particles was the most important factor since needle-shaped particles induced the most significant up-regulated expression of MMPs and IL-1β
Decay of a $J^{\pi}=36^+$ Resonance in the $^{24}Mg + ^{24}Mg$ Reaction

The narrow ($\Gamma$=170 keV) and high spin ($J^{\pi}=36^+$) resonance in the $^{24}$Mg + $^{24}$Mg reaction at E$_{CM}$= 45.7 MeV has been associated with a hyperdeformed molecular state in $^{48}$Cr. Such a description has important consequences for the resonance decay into the favored inelastic channels. Through fragment- $\gamma$ coincidence measurements performed ON and OFF resonance using the PRISMA-CLARA array, we have identified the $^{24}$Mg states selectively populated: the $2^+$ and $4^+$ members of the ground state band
Passage time of a random walk in the quarter plane for opinions in the voter model

11 pages, 1 figureInternational audienceA random walk in $Z_+^2$ spatially homogeneous in the interior, absorbed at the axes, starting from an arbitrary point $(i_0,j_0)$ and with step probabilities drawn on Figure 1 is considered. The trivariate generating function of probabilities that the random walk hits a given point $(i,j)\in Z_+^2$ at a given time $k\geq 0$ is made explicit. Probabilities of absorption at a given time $k$ and at a given axis are found, and their precise asymptotic is derived as the time $k\to\infty$. The equivalence of two typical ways of conditioning this random walk to never reach the axes is established. The results are also applied to the analysis of the voter model with two candidates and initially, in the population $Z$, four connected blocks of same opinions. Then, a citizen changes his mind at a rate proportional to the number of its neighbors that disagree with him. Namely, the passage from four to two blocks of opinions is studied
Optimal location of controllers for the one-dimensional wave equation

To appear in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Analyse Non LinéaireInternational audienceIn this paper, we consider the homogeneous one-dimensional wave equation defined on $(0,\pi)$. For every subset $\omega\subset [0,\pi]$ of positive measure, every $T \geq 2\pi$, and all initial data, there exists a unique control of minimal norm in $L^2(0,T;L^2(\omega))$ steering the system exactly to zero. In this article we consider two optimal design problems. Let $L\in(0,1)$. The first problem is to determine the optimal shape and position of $\omega$ in order to minimize the norm of the control for given initial data, over all possible measurable subsets $\omega$ of $[0,\pi]$ of Lebesgue measure $L\pi$. The second problem is to minimize the norm of the control operator, over all such subsets. Considering a relaxed version of these optimal design problems, we show and characterize the emergence of different phenomena for the first problem depending on the choice of the initial data: existence of optimal sets having a finite or an infinite number of connected components, or nonexistence of an optimal set (relaxation phenomenon). The second problem does not admit any optimal solution except for $L=1/2$. Moreover, we provide an interpretation of these problems in terms of a classical optimal control problem for an infinite number of controlled ordinary differential equations. This new interpretation permits in turn to study modal approximations of the two problems and leads to new numerical algorithms. Their efficiency will be exhibited by several experiments and simulations
Isotope study on organic nitrogen of Westphalian anthracites from the Western Middle field of Pennsylvania (U.S.A.) and from the Bramsche Massif (Germany)

International audienceThe objective of this study was to examine an aspect of the thermal cycling of organic nitrogen in sediments and metasediments. The cycling of organic nitrogen is important because sedimentary organic matter is a shuttle of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the lower crust and thermal decomposition of organic matter is a critical step in the recycling of nitrogen between the different nitrogen pools. Abundance and isotopic composition of organic nitrogen were determined in the particular case of two low sulfur Westphalian anthracites series from Pennsylvania and Bramsche Massif. They represent good examples of Euramerica coals spanning the whole range of anthracitization in single fields. Gold cell experimental simulation of the denitrogenation process was conducted at moderate pressure to show that both suites make ideal metamorphic profiles without any shift due to change of facies or to hydrothermal disturbance. During anthracitization, organic nitrogen content decreases rapidly while organic nitrogen isotopic composition does not change with rank increase. The preservation of the isotopic signature implies that organic nitrogen isotopes could be used as indicators for the paleoecological and paleodepositional history reconstruction of the basins. The striking contrast between the rapid and sharp decrease of nitrogen organic content and the invariance of its isotopic composition during the whole anthracitization suggests that ammonia is an important product of the denitrogenation process
Underlying event characteristics and their dependence on jet size of charged-particle jet events in pp collisions at root(s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Distributions sensitive to the underlying event are studied in events containing one or more chargedparticle jets produced in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements reflect 800 mu b(-1) of data taken during 2010. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with radius parameter R varying between 0.2 and 1.0. Distributions of the charged-particle multiplicity, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of charged particles, and the average charged-particle p(T) are measured as functions of p(T)(jet) in regions transverse to and opposite the leading jet for 4 GeV < p(T)(jet) < 100 GeV. In addition, the R dependence of the mean values of these observables is studied. In the transverse region, both the multiplicity and the scalar sum of the transverse momentum at fixed p(T)(jet) vary significantly with R, while the average charged- particle transverse momentum has a minimal dependence on R. Predictions from several Monte Carlo tunes have been compared to the data; the predictions from Pythia 6, based on tunes that have been determined using LHC data, show reasonable agreement with the data, including the dependence on R. Comparisons with other generators indicate that additional tuning of soft-QCD parameters is necessary for these generators. The measurements presented here provide a testing ground for further development of the Monte Carlo models
Mechanical determinants of 100-m sprint running performance

International audienceSprint mechanics and field 100-m performances were tested in 13 subjects including 9 non-specialists, 3 French national-level sprinters and a world-class sprinter, to further study the mechanical factors associated with sprint performance. 6-s sprints performed on an instrumented treadmill allowed continuous recording of step kinematics, ground reaction forces (GRF), and belt velocity and computation of mechanical power output and linear force–velocity relationships. An index of the force application technique was computed as the slope of the linear relationship between the decrease in the ratio of horizontal-to-resultant GRF and the increase in velocity. Mechanical power output was positively correlated to mean 100-m speed (P<0.01), as was the theoretical maximal velocity production capability (P<0.011), whereas the theoretical maximal force production capability was not. The ability to apply the resultant force backward during acceleration was positively correlated to 100-m performance (rs>0.683; P<0.018), but the magnitude of resultant force was not (P = 0.16). Step frequency, contact and swing time were significantly correlated to acceleration and 100-m performance (positively for the former, negatively for the two latter, all P<0.05), whereas aerial time and step length were not (all P>0.21). Last, anthropometric data of body mass index and lowerlimb- to-height ratio showed no significant correlation with 100-m performance. We concluded that the main mechanical determinants of 100-m performance were (1) a ‘‘velocity-oriented’’ force–velocity profile, likely explained by (2) a higher ability to apply the resultant GRF vector with a forward orientation over the acceleration, and (3) a higher step frequency resulting from a shorter contact time