pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Simplified models for dark matter searches at the LHC.

This document a outlines a set of simplified models for dark matter and its interactions with Standard Model particles. It is intended to summarize the main characteristics that these simplified models have when applied to dark matter searches at the LHC, and to provide a number of useful expressions for reference. The list of models includes both -channel and -channel scenarios. For -channel, spin-0 and spin-1 mediations are discussed, and also realizations where the Higgs particle provides a portal between the dark and visible sectors. The guiding principles underpinning the proposed simplified models are spelled out, and some suggestions for implementation are presented
The chemistry of episodic accretion in embedded objects : 2D radiation thermo-chemical models of the post-burst phase

RCH and EV acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number I2549-N27. RCH and MG acknowledge funding by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): project number P24790.MAand AP acknowledge funding by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF): project number: 200021L_163172. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7-2011 under grant agreement no 284405. This publication was partly supported from the FFG ASAP 12 project JetPro* (FFG-854025). This publication was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF). The computational results presented have been achieved using the Vienna Scientific Cluster (VSC).Context. Episodic accretion is an important process in the evolution of young stars and their environment. The observed strong luminosity bursts of young stellar objects likely have a long lasting (i.e. longer than the burst duration) impact on the chemical evolution of the disk and envelope of young stars. Aims. We aim to investigate the observational signatures of the chemical evolution in the post-burst phase for embedded sources. With such signatures it is possible to identify targets that experienced a recent luminosity burst. Methods. We present a new model for the chemistry of episodic accretion based on the two dimensional, radiation thermo-chemical disk code PRODIMO (PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel). We have extended PRODIMO with a proper treatment for envelope structures. For a representative Class I model, we calculated the chemical abundances in the post-burst phase and produced synthetic observables such as intensity maps and radial intensity profiles. Results. During a burst, many chemical species, such as CO, sublimate from the dust surfaces. As the burst ends they freeze out again (post-burst phase). This freeze-out happens from inside-out due to the radial density gradient in the disk and envelope structure. This inside-out freeze-out produces clear observational signatures in spectral line emission, such as rings and distinct features in the slope of radial intensity profiles. We fitted synthetic C18O J = 2−1 observations with single and two component fits and find that post-burst images are much better matched by the latter. Comparing the quality of such fits therefore allows identification of post-burst targets in a model-independent way. Conclusions. Our models confirm that it is possible to identify post-burst objects from spatially resolved CO observations. However, to derive proper statistics, such as the strength and frequencies of bursts, from observations it is important to consider the inclination and structure of the target and dust properties, as these have a significant impact on the freeze-out timescale.PostprintPeer reviewe
A Cartan-Eilenberg approach to Homotopical Algebra

In this paper we propose an approach to homotopical algebra where the basic ingredient is a category with two classes of distinguished morphisms: strong and weak equivalences. These data determine the cofibrant objects by an extension property analogous to the classical lifting property of projective modules. We define a Cartan-Eilenberg category as a category with strong and weak equivalences such that there is an equivalence of categories between its localisation with respect to weak equivalences and the relative localisation of the subcategory of cofibrant objects with respect to strong equivalences. This equivalence of categories allows us to extend the classical theory of derived additive functors to this non additive setting. The main examples include Quillen model categories and categories of functors defined on a category endowed with a cotriple (comonad) and taking values on a category of complexes of an abelian category. In the latter case there are examples in which the class of strong equivalences is not determined by a homotopy relation. Among other applications of our theory, we establish a very general acyclic models theorem
Growth-stage-speciﬁc crop coeﬃcient and consumptive use of Capsicum chinense using hydraulic weighing lysimeter

This research was conducted to determine growth stage-speciﬁc crop coeﬃcient (Kc) and Consumptive Use (CU), for Capsicum chinense (Ata rodo) grown under irrigation in Omu-Aran, North central Nigeria. Daily CU and growth stage speciﬁc crop coeﬃcient Kc for Capsicum chinense was measured using a developed and calibrated hydraulic weighing lysimeterover2consecutivedryseasons(2015/16and2016/17).ThevaluesofCUandgrowthstage-speciﬁcKcobtained were compared to that estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 and with existing Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Kc valuesforbellpepper.TheKcvaluesdeterminedoverthegrowingseasonsvariedfrom0.32to0.7,1.02to1.45and0.76 to 0.9 representing Kc initial, Kc mid-season and Kc late season (Kcini, Kcmid and Kcend), respectively. These Kc varied signiﬁcantly (P < 0.05) from FAO established Kc values. The observed Kc was validated using relevant statistical methods.TheseasonalCUof Capsicumchinense was580.01 ± 54mm,whilethereferenceevapotranspirationincreased from3.26mmday−1inOctoberto4.19mmday−1inFebruary.Thecropfactorincreasedfrom0.7inOctobertoattainits peakof1.45inJanuary,butdecreasedto0.9duringcropsenescenceinFebruary.Likewise,thedailycropwaterneedwas 2.28mmday−1inOctoberbutreacheditspeakof5.82mmday−1inJanuaryandthereafterdecreasedto3.77mmday−1 inFebruary.Meanmonthlywaterneedof Capsicumchinense pepperwas68.36mmmonth−1 inOctober.Thewaterneed ofcroprosetoitspeakof166.32mmmonth−1 inDecember,andthereafterdeclinedto113.13mmmonth−1 inFebruary Itisinferredthattheapplicationofgrowthstage-speciﬁcKcwillassistinirrigationmanagementandwouldserveasuseful guide for precise water applications for areas around Omu-Aran as it diﬀers from region to region
Diabetes increases apoptosis and necrosis in the ischemic and non-ischemic human myocardium: role of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

This is the authors' final draft of the paper published as Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2007, 134(1), pp.127-131.  The published version is available in Science Direct, via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.12.059Background: Diabetes is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery but the reason is unclear. Therefore the aims of these studies were to elucidate whether cell death is greater in the ischemic and non- ischemic diabetic human myocardium than in the non-diabetic and to investigate the underlying mechanism.\ud
Methods: The right atrial appendages (n=8/group) of non-diabetics, non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM) and insulin dependent diabetics (IDDM) were subjected to 90 minutes simulated ischemia/120 minutes reoxygenation (SI/R). Tissue injury was measured by the release of CK into the media, and cellular apoptosis and necrosis were assessed in tissue by the TUNEL assay and propidium iodide. Initiator and effector caspases activation was also measured.\ud
Results: Apoptosis and necrosis were greater in the NIDDM and the IDDM groups than in the non-diabetic group both in fresh tissue and after SI/R. Activation of effector caspases was also higher in the NIDDM and IDDM groups than in the non-diabetic group after SI/R. Caspase-3 inhibition reduced apoptosis in all study groups without influencing necrosis; however, PARP inhibition resulted in a similar reduction in apoptosis and in necrosis in all groups and caspase-2 inhibition did not.\ud
Conclusions: Diabetes increases both apoptosis and necrosis in the human myocardium in fresh and after being subjected to ischemia/reoxygenation, an effect that is mediated, at least in part, by caspase-3 and PARP activation. These results may explain the increased cardiac-related morbidity and mortality during cardiac surgery in patients with diabetes
Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets; New
  insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters

For transiting planets, the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect allows the measurement
of the sky-projected angle beta between the stellar rotation axis and a
planet's orbital axis. Using the HARPS spectrograph, we observed the
Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for six transiting hot Jupiters found by the WASP
consortium. We combine these with long term radial velocity measurements
obtained with CORALIE. We found that three of our targets have a projected
spin-orbit angle above 90 degrees: WASP-2b: beta = 153 (+11 -15), WASP-15b:
beta = 139.6 (+5.2 -4.3) and WASP-17b: beta = 148.5 (+5.1 -4.2); the other
three (WASP-4b, WASP-5b and WASP-18b) have angles compatible with 0 degrees.
There is no dependence between the misaligned angle and planet mass nor with
any other planetary parameter. All orbits are close to circular, with only one
firm detection of eccentricity on WASP-18b with e = 0.00848 (+0.00085
-0.00095). No long term radial acceleration was detected for any of the
targets. Combining all previous 20 measurements of beta and our six, we attempt
to statistically determine the distribution of the real spin-orbit angle psi
and find that between about 45 and 85 % of hot Jupiters have psi > 30 degrees.
Observations and predictions using the Kozai mechanism match well. If these
observational facts are confirmed in the future, we may then conclude that most
hot Jupiters are formed from a dynamical and tidal origin without the necessity
to use type I or II migration. At present, standard disc migration cannot
explain the observations without invoking at least another additional process.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (11/08/2010
Can our Universe be inhomogeneous on large sub-horizon scales ?

We show that our Universe may be inhomogeneous on large sub-horizon scales
without us being able to realise it. We assume that a network of domain walls
permeates the universe dividing it in domains with slightly different vacuum
energy densities. We require that the energy scale of the phase transition
which produced the domain walls is sufficiently low so that the walls have a
negligible effect on structure formation. Nevertheless, the different vacuum
densities of different domains will lead to different values of the
cosmological parameters $\Omega_\Lambda^0$, $\Omega_m^0$ and $h$, in each patch
thus affecting the growth of cosmological perturbations at recent times. Hence,
if our local patch of the universe (with uniform vacuum density) is big enough
-- which is likely to happen given that we should have on average about one
domain per horizon volume -- we might not notice these large-scale
inhomogeneities. This happens because in order to see a patch with a different
vacuum density one may have to look back at a time when the universe was still
very homogeneous.Comment: version to appear in Phys. Lett.
Exact Chiral Symmetry for Domain Wall Fermions with Finite L_s

We show how the standard domain wall action can be simply modified to allow
arbitrarily exact chiral symmetry at finite fifth dimensional extent $L_s$. We
note that the method can be used for both quenched and dynamical calculations.
We test the method using smooth and thermalized gauge field configurations. We
also make comparisons of the performance (cost) of the domain wall operator for
spectroscopy compared to other methods such as the overlap-Dirac operator and
find both methods are comparable in cost.Comment: Lattice 2000(Chiral Fermions), LaTeX, 4 pages, 4 postscript figures.
  Reference adde
Decoupling and lepton flavor violation in extra dimension

We discuss the fermion mass hierarchy and the flavor mixings in the fat brane
scenario of five dimensional SUSY theory. The decoupling solution of the
sfermion mass spectrum can be realized by introducing the vector-like mirror
fields in an extra dimension. In this scenario, both the left- and right-handed
sleptons can have sizable flavor mixings. We point out that this sizable flavor
mixings can induce the suitable magnitude of the muon anomalous magnetic moment
($g_\mu -2$) within the experimental bounds of lepton flavor violating
processes.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe
Comments on quasiparticle models of quark-gluon plasma

Here we comment on the thermodynamic inconsistency problem and the
reformulation of statistical mechanics of widely studied quasiparticle models
of quark-gluon plasma. Their starting relation, the expression for pressure
itself is a wrong choice and lead to thermodynamic inconsistency and the
requirements of the reformulation of statistical mechanics. Hence we revise the
model using the standard statistical mechanics and is thermodynamically
consistent. We also show that the other quasiparticle models may be obtained
from our general formalism as a special case under certain restrictive
condition. Further, as an example, we applied our model to explain the nonideal
behaviour of gluon plasma and obtained a remarkable good fit to the lattice
results by adjusting just a single parameter.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure, article (revised
Entanglement Entropy and Higher Spin Holography in AdS$_3$

A holographic correspondence has been recently developed between higher spin
theories in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS_3) and two-dimensional
Conformal Field Theories (CFTs) with extended symmetries. A class of such
dualities involves SL(N,R)\times SL(N,R) Chern-Simons gauge theories in the
(2+1)-dimensional bulk spacetime, and CFTs with W_N symmetry algebras on the
(1+1)-dimensional boundary. The topological character of the Chern-Simons
theory forces one to reconsider standard geometric notions such as black hole
horizons and entropy, as well as the usual holographic dictionary. Motivated by
this challenge, in this note we present a proposal to compute entanglement
entropy in the W_N CFTs via holographic methods. In particular, we introduce a
functional constructed from Wilson lines in the bulk Chern-Simons theory that
captures the entanglement entropy in the CFTs dual to standard AdS_3 gravity,
corresponding to SL(2,R)\times SL(2,R) gauge group, and admits an immediate
generalization to the higher spin case. We explicitly evaluate this functional
for several known solutions of the Chern-Simons theory, including charged black
holes dual to thermal CFT states carrying higher spin charge, and show that it
reproduces expected features of entanglement entropy, study whether it obeys
strong subadditivity, and moreover show that it reduces to the thermal entropy
in the appropriate limit.Comment: 36 pages + appendices, 6 figure
Introduction to Khovanov Homologies. III. A new and simple
  tensor-algebra construction of Khovanov-Rozansky invariants

We continue to develop the tensor-algebra approach to knot polynomials with
the goal to present the story in elementary and comprehensible form. The
previously reviewed description of Khovanov cohomologies for the gauge group of
rank N-1=1 was based on the cut-and-join calculus of the planar cycles, which
are involved rather artificially. We substitute them by alternative and natural
set of cycles, not obligatory planar. Then the whole construction is
straightforwardly lifted from SL(2) to SL(N) and reproduces Khovanov-Rozansky
(KR) polynomials, simultaneously for all values of N. No matrix factorization
and related tedious calculations are needed in such approach, which can
therefore become not only conceptually, but also practically useful.Comment: 66 page
Measurement of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross
  sections in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Measurements of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross
sections are presented using an integrated luminosity of 4.5 (4.8) inverse
femtobarns in the dimuon (dielectron) channel of proton-proton collision data
recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The measured
inclusive cross section in the Z-peak region (60-120 GeV) is sigma(ell ell) =
986.4 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 5.9 (exp. syst.) +/- 21.7 (th. syst.) +/- 21.7 (lum.)
pb for the combination of the dimuon and dielectron channels. Differential
cross sections d[sigma]/d[m] for the dimuon, dielectron, and combined channels
are measured in the mass range 15 to 1500 GeV and corrected to the full phase
space. Results are also presented for the measurement of the
double-differential cross section d2[sigma]/d[m]d[abs(y)] in the dimuon channel
over the mass range 20 to 1500 GeV and absolute dimuon rapidity from 0 to 2.4.
These measurements are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD
calculations at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading orders using
various sets of parton distribution functions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Initial state radiation effects in inclusive $J/\psi$ production at B
  factories

Based on Monte Carlo techniques, we analyze the initial state radiation (ISR)
effects in prompt $\jpsi$ inclusive production at B factories. ISR enhances
cross section $\sigma(e^-e^+\to\jpsi+gg+X)$ by about $15-25\%$, which is almost
the same size as the QCD and relativistic correction. Moreover, ISR slightly
changes $\sigma(e^-e^+\to\jpsi+c\bar{c}+X)$. The $\jpsi$ momentum spectrum in
$e^-e^+\to\jpsi+gg+X$ and in $e^-e^+\to\jpsi+c\bar{c}+X$ is softer after the
photon showering from the initial $e^{\pm}$ beam radiation. After combining the
QCD,relativistic, and ISR corrections,a more precise theoretical result is
obtained. The new result provides a more stringent constraint of the
color-octet contribution to $\sigma(e^-e^+\to\jpsi+X_{\rm{non-}c\bar{c}})$.Comment: journal version;16 pages, 9 figures, 4 table
Multifrequency Studies of the Peculiar Quasar 4C +21.35 During the 2010
  Flaring Activity

The discovery of rapidly variable Very High Energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV)
gamma-ray emission from 4C +21.35 (PKS 1222+216) by MAGIC on 2010 June 17,
triggered by the high activity detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)
in high energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) gamma-rays, poses intriguing questions on the
location of the gamma-ray emitting region in this flat spectrum radio quasar.
We present multifrequency data of 4C +21.35 collected from centimeter to VHE
during 2010 to investigate the properties of this source and discuss a possible
emission model. The first hint of detection at VHE was observed by MAGIC on
2010 May 3, soon after a gamma-ray flare detected by Fermi-LAT that peaked on
April 29. The same emission mechanism may therefore be responsible for both the
HE and VHE emission during the 2010 flaring episodes. Two optical peaks were
detected on 2010 April 20 and June 30, close in time but not simultaneous with
the two gamma-ray peaks, while no clear connection was observed between the
X-ray an gamma-ray emission. An increasing flux density was observed in radio
and mm bands from the beginning of 2009, in accordance with the increasing
gamma-ray activity observed by Fermi-LAT, and peaking on 2011 January 27 in the
mm regime (230 GHz). We model the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of 4C
+21.35 for the two periods of the VHE detection and a quiescent state, using a
one-zone model with the emission coming from a very compact region outside the
broad line region. The three SEDs can be fit with a combination of synchrotron
self-Compton and external Compton emission of seed photons from a dust torus,
changing only the electron distribution parameters between the epochs. The fit
of the optical/UV part of the spectrum for 2010 April 29 seems to favor an
inner disk radius of <6 gravitational radii, as one would expect from a
prograde-rotating Kerr black hole.Comment: 46 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. The Astrophysical Journal, Volume
  786, Issue 2, article id. 157, 17 pp. Contact Authors: Filippo D'Ammando,
  Justin Finke, Davide Donato, Josefa Becerra Gonzalez, Tomislav Terzic. Figure
  1 update
Exact solution of the Dirac equation for a Coulomb and a scalar potential in the presence of an Aharonov-Bohm and magnetic monopole fields

In the present article we analyze the problem of a relativistic Dirac electron in the presence of a combination of a Coulomb field, a 1/r scalar potential as well as a Dirac magnetic monopole and an Aharonov-Bohm potential. Using the algebraic method of separation of variables, the Dirac equation expressed in the local rotating diagonal gauge is completely separated in spherical coordinates, and exact solutions are obtained. We compute the energy spectrum and analyze how it depends on the intensity of the Aharonov-Bohm and the magnetic monopole strengths
Duality in N=2 nonlinear sigma-models

We consider N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma-models in two dimensions
defined in terms of the nonminimal scalar multiplet. We compute in superspace
the one-loop beta function and show that the classical duality between these
models and the standard ones defined in terms of chiral superfields is
maintained at the quantum one-loop level. Our result provides an explicit
application of the recently proposed quantization of the nonminimal scalar
multiplet via the Batalin-Vilkovisky procedure.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, to appear in the proceedings of "Quantum aspects of
  gauge theories, supersymmetry and unification", Neuchatel University, 18--23
  September 199
Picard-Fuchs Ordinary Differential Systems in N=2 Supersymmetric
  Yang-Mills Theories

In general, Picard-Fuchs systems in N=2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories
are realized as a set of simultaneous partial differential equations. However,
if the QCD scale parameter is used as unique independent variable instead of
moduli, the resulting Picard-Fuchs systems are represented by a single ordinary
differential equation (ODE) whose order coincides with the total number of
independent periods. This paper discusses some properties of these Picard-Fuchs
ODEs. In contrast with the usual Picard-Fuchs systems written in terms of
moduli derivatives, there exists a Wronskian for this ordinary differential
system and this Wronskian produces a new relation among periods, moduli and QCD
scale parameter, which in the case of SU(2) is reminiscent of scaling relation
of prepotential. On the other hand, in the case of the SU(3) theory, there are
two kinds of ordinary differential equations, one of which is the equation
directly constructed from periods and the other is derived from the SU(3)
Picard-Fuchs equations in moduli derivatives identified with Appell's $F_4$
hypergeometric system, i.e., Burchnall's fifth order ordinary differential
equation published in 1942. It is shown that four of the five independent
solutions to the latter equation actually correspond to the four periods in the
SU(3) gauge theory and the closed form of the remaining one is established by
the SU(3) Picard-Fuchs ODE. The formula for this fifth solution is a new one.Comment: \documentstyle[12pt,preprint,aps,prb]{revtex}, to be published in J.
  Math. Phy