pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Higher derivatives in Type II and M-theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds

The four- and five-dimensional effective actions of Calabi-Yau threefold
compactifications are derived with a focus on terms involving up to four
space-time derivatives. The starting points for these reductions are the ten-
and eleven-dimensional supergravity actions supplemented with the known
eight-derivative corrections that have been inferred from Type II string
amplitudes. The corrected background solutions are determined and the
fluctuations of the Kahler structure of the compact space and the form-field
background are discussed. It is concluded that the two-derivative effective
actions for these fluctuations only takes the expected supergravity form if
certain additional ten- and eleven-dimensional higher-derivative terms for the
form-fields are included. The main results on the four-derivative terms include
a detailed treatment of higher-derivative gravity coupled to Kahler structure
deformations. This is supplemented by a derivation of the vector sector in
reductions to five dimensions. While the general result is only given as an
expansion in the fluctuations, a complete treatment of the one-Kahler modulus
case is presented for both Type II theories and M-theory.Comment: 48 page
Flow Equation of N=1 Supersymmetric O(N) Nonlinear Sigma Model in Two
  Dimensions

We study the flow equation for the $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric $O(N)$
nonlinear sigma model in two dimensions, which cannot be given by the gradient
of the action, as evident from dimensional analysis. Imposing the condition on
the flow equation that it respects both the supersymmetry and the $O(N)$
symmetry, we show that the flow equation has a specific form, which however
contains an undetermined function of the supersymmetric derivatives $D$ and
$\bar D$. Taking the most simple choice, we propose a flow equation for this
model. As an application of the flow equation, we give the solution of the
equation at the leading order in the large $N$ expansion. The result shows that
the flow of the superfield in the model is dominated by the scalar term, since
the supersymmetry is unbroken in the original model. It is also shown that the
two point function of the superfield is finite at the leading order of the
large $N$ expansion.Comment: 17 pages; v2: published versio
Calabi-Yau manifolds and sporadic groups

A few years ago a connection between the elliptic genus of the K3 manifold
and the largest Mathieu group M$_{24}$ was proposed. We study the elliptic
genera for Calabi-Yau manifolds of larger dimensions and discuss potential
connections between the expansion coefficients of these elliptic genera and
sporadic groups. While the Calabi-Yau 3-fold case is rather uninteresting, the
elliptic genera of certain Calabi-Yau $d$-folds for $d>3$ have expansions that
could potentially arise from underlying sporadic symmetry groups. We explore
such potential connections by calculating twined elliptic genera for a large
number of Calabi-Yau 5-folds that are hypersurfaces in weighted projected
spaces, for a toroidal orbifold and two Gepner models.Comment: 34 pages;v2 minor correction
Inflation in Random Landscapes with two energy scales

We investigate inflation in a multi-dimensional landscape with a hierarchy of
energy scales, motivated by the string theory, where the energy scale of Kahler
moduli is usually assumed to be much lower than that of complex structure
moduli and dilaton field. We argue that in such a landscape, the dynamics of
slow-roll inflation is governed by the low-energy potential, while the initial
condition for inflation are determined by tunneling through high-energy
barriers. We then use the scale factor cutoff measure to calculate the
probability distribution for the number of inflationary e-folds and the
amplitude of density fluctuations $Q$, assuming that the low-energy landscape
is described by a random Gaussian potential with a correlation length much
smaller than $M_{\rm pl}$. We find that the distribution for $Q$ has a unique
shape and a preferred domain, which depends on the parameters of the low-energy
landscape. We discuss some observational implications of this distribution and
the constraints it imposes on the landscape parameters.Comment: 39 pages, 3 figures; (v2) minor change
Universal Bounds on Operator Dimensions from the Average Null Energy
  Condition

We show that the average null energy condition implies novel lower bounds on
the scaling dimensions of highly-chiral primary operators in four-dimensional
conformal field theories. Denoting the spin of an operator by a pair of
integers $(k,\bar{k})$ specifying the transformations under chiral
$\frak{su}(2)$ rotations, we explicitly demonstrate these new bounds for
operators transforming in $(k,0)$ and $(k,1)$ representations for sufficiently
large $k$. Based on these calculations, along with intuition from free field
theory, we conjecture that in any unitary conformal field theory, primary local
operators of spin $(k,\bar{k})$ and scaling dimension $\Delta$ satisfy $\Delta
\geq \text{max}\{k,\bar{k}\}.$ If $|k-\bar{k}| > 4$, this is stronger than the
unitarity bound.Comment: 21 pages+appendices, 4 Mathematica file
Nonperturbative beta function of twelve-flavor SU(3) gauge theory

We study the discrete beta function of SU(3) gauge theory with Nf=12 massless
fermions in the fundamental representation. Using an nHYP-smeared staggered
lattice action and an improved gradient flow running coupling $\tilde g_c^2(L)$
we determine the continuum-extrapolated discrete beta function up to $g_c^2
\approx 8.2$. We observe an IR fixed point at $g_{\star}^2 =
7.3\left(_{-2}^{+8}\right)$ in the $c = \sqrt{8t} / L = 0.25$ scheme, and
$g_{\star}^2 = 7.3\left(_{-3}^{+6}\right)$ with c=0.3, combining statistical
and systematic uncertainties in quadrature. The systematic effects we
investigate include the stability of the $(a / L) \to 0$ extrapolations, the
interpolation of $\tilde g_c^2(L)$ as a function of the bare coupling, the
improvement of the gradient flow running coupling, and the discretization of
the energy density. In an appendix we observe that the resulting systematic
errors increase dramatically upon combining smaller $c \lesssim 0.2$ with
smaller $L \leq 12$, leading to an IR fixed point at $g_{\star}^2 = 5.9(1.9)$
in the c=0.2 scheme, which resolves to $g_{\star}^2 =
6.9\left(_{-1}^{+6}\right)$ upon considering only $L \geq 16$. At the IR fixed
point we measure the leading irrelevant critical exponent to be
$\gamma_g^{\star} = 0.26(2)$, comparable to perturbative estimates.Comment: One of four consistency checks corrected, changing some systematic
  uncertainty estimate
Perturbative reduction of derivative order in EFT

Higher derivative corrections are ubiquitous in effective field theories,
which seemingly introduces new degrees of freedom at successive order. This is
actually an artefact of the implicit local derivative expansion defining
effective field theories. We argue that higher derivative corrections that
introduce additional degrees of freedom should be removed and their effects
captured either by lower derivative corrections, or special combinations of
higher derivative corrections not propagating extra derees of freedom. Three
methods adapted for this task are examined and field redefinitions are found to
be most appropriate. First order higher derivative corrections in a scalar
tensor theory are removed by field redefinition and it is found that their
effects are captured by a subset of Horndeski theories. A case is made for
restricting the effective field theory expansions in principle to only terms
not introducing additional degrees of freedom.Comment: 45 page
The massless integer superspin multiplets revisited

We propose a new off-shell formulation for the massless ${\cal N}=1$
supersymmetric multiplet of integer superspin $s$ in four dimensions, where $s
=2,3,\dots$ (the $s=1$ case corresponds to the gravitino multiplet). Its gauge
freedom matches that of the superconformal superspin-$s$ multiplet described in
arXiv:1701.00682. The gauge-invariant action involves two compensating
multiplets in addition to the superconformal superspin-$s$ multiplet. Upon
imposing a partial gauge fixing, this action reduces to the one describing the
so-called longitudinal formulation for the massless superspin-$s$ multiplet.
Our new model is shown to possess a dual realisation obtained by applying a
superfield Legendre transformation. We present a non-conformal higher spin
supercurrent multiplet associated with the new integer superspin theory. This
fermionic supercurrent is shown to occur in the Fayet-Sohnius model for a
massive ${\cal N}=2$ hypermultiplet. We also give a new off-shell realisation
for the massless gravitino multiplet.Comment: 18 pages; V2: typos corrected, comments and references added; V3:
  published versio
Chiral Algebras, Localization and Surface Defects

Four-dimensional N = 2 superconformal quantum field theories contain a
subsector carrying the structure of a chiral algebra. Using localization
techniques, we show for the free hypermultiplet that this structure can be
accessed directly from the path integral on the four-sphere. We extend the
localization computation to include supersymmetric surface defects described by
a generic 4d/2d coupled system. The presence of a defect corresponds to
considering a module of the chiral algebra: our results provide a calculational
window into its structure constants.Comment: 47 pages; minor typos correcte
Anisotropic D3-D5 black holes with unquenched flavors

We construct a black hole geometry generated by the intersection of $N_c$
color D3- branes and $N_f$ flavor D5-branes along a 2+1 dimensional subspace.
Working in the Veneziano limit in which $N_f$ is large and distributing
homogeneously the D5-branes in the internal space, we calculate the solution of
the equations of motion of supergravity plus sources which includes the
backreaction of the flavor branes. The solution is analytic and dual to a 2+1
dimensional defect in a 3+1 dimensional gauge theory, with $N_f$ massless
hypermultiplets living in the defect. The smeared background we obtain can be
regarded as the holographic realization of a multilayered system. We study the
thermodynamics of the resulting spatially anisotropic geometry and compute the
first and second order transport coefficients for perturbations propagating
along the defect. We find that, in our system, the dynamics of excitations
within a layer can be described by a stack of effective D2-branes.Comment: 33+16 pages; v2: Minor corrections and references added; v3: appendix
  adde
On thermalization in the SYK and supersymmetric SYK models

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is a compelling conjecture which
strives to explain the apparent thermal behavior of generic observables in
closed quantum systems. Although we are far from a complete analytic
understanding, quantum chaos is often seen as a strong indication that the
ansatz holds true. In this paper, we address the thermalization of energy
eigenstates in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model, a maximally chaotic model of
strongly-interacting Majorana fermions. We numerically investigate eigenstate
thermalization for specific few-body operators in the original SYK model as
well as its $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric extension and find evidence that
these models satisfy ETH. We discuss the implications of ETH for a
gravitational dual and the quantum information-theoretic properties of SYK it
suggests.Comment: Published versio
Factorization and Resummation for Groomed Multi-Prong Jet Shapes

Observables which distinguish boosted topologies from QCD jets are playing an
increasingly important role at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These
observables are often used in conjunction with jet grooming algorithms, which
reduce contamination from both theoretical and experimental sources. In this
paper we derive factorization formulae for groomed multi-prong substructure
observables, focusing in particular on the groomed $D_2$ observable, which is
used to identify boosted hadronic decays of electroweak bosons at the LHC. Our
factorization formulae allow systematically improvable calculations of the
perturbative $D_2$ distribution and the resummation of logarithmically enhanced
terms in all regions of phase space using renormalization group evolution. They
include a novel factorization for the production of a soft subjet in the
presence of a grooming algorithm, in which clustering effects enter directly
into the hard matching. We use these factorization formulae to draw robust
conclusions of experimental relevance regarding the universality of the $D_2$
distribution in both $e^+e^-$ and $pp$ collisions. In particular, we show that
the only process dependence is carried by the relative quark vs. gluon jet
fraction in the sample, no non-global logarithms from event-wide correlations
are present in the distribution, hadronization corrections are controlled by
the perturbative mass of the jet, and all global color correlations are
completely removed by grooming, making groomed $D_2$ a theoretically clean QCD
observable even in the LHC environment. We compute all ingredients to one-loop
accuracy, and present numerical results at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy
for $e^+e^-$ collisions, comparing with parton shower Monte Carlo simulations.
Results for $pp$ collisions, as relevant for phenomenology at the LHC, are
presented in a companion paper.Comment: 66 pages, 18 figure
Effective lagrangian for a mass dimension one fermionic field in curved
  spacetime

In this work we use momentum-space techniques to evaluate the propagator
$G(x,x^{\prime})$ for a spin $1/2$ mass dimension one spinor field on a curved
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime. As a consequence, we built the one-loop
correction to the effective lagrangian in the coincidence limit. Going further
we compute the effective lagrangian in the finite temperature regime. We arrive
at interesting cosmological consequences, as time-dependent cosmological
`constant', fully explaining the functional form of previous cosmological
models.Comment: 9 pages, 0 figure
Power Counting and Modes in SCET

We present a formulation of soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) in the
two-jet sector as a theory of decoupled sectors of QCD coupled to Wilson lines.
The formulation is manifestly boost-invariant, does not require the
introduction of ultrasoft modes at the hard matching scale Q, and has manifest
power counting in inverse powers of Q. The spurious infrared divergences which
arise in SCET when ultrasoft modes are not included in loops disappear when the
overlap between the sectors is correctly subtracted, in a manner similar to the
familiar zero-bin subtraction of SCET. We illustrate this approach by analyzing
deep inelastic scattering in the endpoint region in SCET and comment on other
applications.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figur
Constraints on Flavored 2d CFT Partition Functions

We study the implications of modular invariance on 2d CFT partition functions
with abelian or non-abelian currents when chemical potentials for the charges
are turned on, i.e. when the partition functions are "flavored". We begin with
a new proof of the transformation law for the modular transformation of such
partition functions. Then we proceed to apply modular bootstrap techniques to
constrain the spectrum of charged states in the theory. We improve previous
upper bounds on the state with the greatest "mass-to-charge" ratio in such
theories, as well as upper bounds on the weight of the lightest charged state
and the charge of the weakest charged state in the theory. We apply the
extremal functional method to theories that saturate such bounds, and in
several cases we find the resulting prediction for the occupation numbers are
precisely integers. Because such theories sometimes do not saturate a bound on
the full space of states but do saturate a bound in the neutral sector of
states, we find that adding flavor allows the extremal functional method to
solve for some partition functions that would not be accessible to it
otherwise.Comment: 45 pages, 16 Figures v3: typos corrected, expanded appendix on
  numeric implementatio
Orientifolds and duality cascades: confinement before the wall

We consider D-branes at orientifold singularities and discuss two properties
of the corresponding low energy four-dimensional effective theories which are
not shared, generically, by other Calabi-Yau singularities. The first property
is that duality cascades are finite and, unlike ordinary ones, do not require
an infinite number of degrees of freedom to be UV-completed. The second is that
orientifolds tend to stabilize runaway directions. These two properties can
have interesting implications and widen in an intriguing way the variety of
gauge theories one can describe using D-branes.Comment: 32 pages, 8 figures. v2: typos corrected and few clarifications adde
Zero-Range Effective Field Theory for Resonant Wino Dark Matter II.
  Coulomb Resummation

Near a critical value of the wino mass where there is a zero-energy S-wave
resonance at the neutral-wino-pair threshold, low-energy winos can be described
by a zero-range effective field theory (ZREFT) in which the winos interact
nonperturbatively through a contact interaction and charged winos also have
electromagnetic interactions. At energies near the wino-pair thresholds, the
Coulomb interaction from photon exchange between charged winos must also be
treated nonperturbatively. The parameters of ZREFT can be determined by
matching wino-wino scattering amplitudes calculated by solving the
Schr\"odinger equation for winos interacting through a potential due to the
exchange of electroweak gauge bosons. With Coulomb resummation, ZREFT at
leading order gives a good description of the low-energy two-body observables
for winos.Comment: 46 pages, 21 figures. Corrected typos in version 1. Published version
  in JHE
Complex Langevin analysis of the spontaneous symmetry breaking in
  dimensionally reduced super Yang-Mills models

In recent years the complex Langevin method (CLM) has proven a powerful
method in studying statistical systems which suffer from the sign problem. Here
we show that it can also be applied to an important problem concerning why we
live in four-dimensional spacetime. Our target system is the type IIB matrix
model, which is conjectured to be a nonperturbative definition of type IIB
superstring theory in ten dimensions. The fermion determinant of the model
becomes complex upon Euclideanization, which causes a severe sign problem in
its Monte Carlo studies. It is speculated that the phase of the fermion
determinant actually induces the spontaneous breaking of the SO(10) rotational
symmetry, which has direct consequences on the aforementioned question. In this
paper, we apply the CLM to the 6D version of the type IIB matrix model and show
clear evidence that the SO(6) symmetry is broken down to SO(3). Our results are
consistent with those obtained previously by the Gaussian expansion method.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, (v2) minor revisions; the final version
  published in JHEP, (v3); reference adde
Minimal anomalous $\mathrm{U}(1)$ theories and collider phenomenology

We study the collider phenomenology of a neutral gauge boson $Z'$ arising in
minimal but anomalous $\mathrm{U}(1)$ extensions of the Standard Model (SM). To
retain gauge invariance of physical observables, we consider cancellation of
gauge anomalies through the Green-Schwarz mechanism. We categorize a wide class
of $\mathrm{U}(1)$ extensions in terms of the new $\mathrm{U}(1)$ charges of
the left-handed quarks and leptons and the Higgs doublet. We derive constraints
on some benchmark models using electroweak precision constraints and the latest
13 TeV LHC dilepton and dijet resonance search data. We calculate the decay
rates of the exotic and rare one-loop $Z'$ decays to $ZZ$ and $Z$-photon modes,
which are the unique signatures of our framework. If observed, these decays
could hint at anomaly cancellation through the Green-Schwarz mechanism. We also
discuss the possible observation of such signatures at the LHC and at future
ILC colliders.Comment: 29 pages, 6 figures, 3 table
Towards a Bootstrap approach to higher orders of epsilon expansion

We employ a hybrid approach in determining the anomalous dimension and OPE
coefficient of higher spin operators in the Wilson-Fisher theory. First we do a
large spin analysis for CFT data where we use results obtained from the usual
and the Mellin Bootstrap and also from Feynman diagram literature. This gives
new predictions at $O(\epsilon^4)$ and $O(\epsilon^5)$ for anomalous dimensions
and OPE coefficients, and also provides a cross-check for the results from
Mellin Bootstrap. These higher orders get contributions from all higher spin
operators in the crossed channel. We also use the Bootstrap in Mellin space
method for $\phi^3$ in $d=6-\epsilon$ CFT where we calculate general higher
spin OPE data. We demonstrate a higher loop order calculation in this approach
by summing over contributions from higher spin operators of the crossed channel
in the same spirit as before.Comment: 25 pages, typos corrected, reference adde
Impact of Rare Decays $t \to \ell' \nu b \ell\ell$ and $t \to q q' b
  \ell\ell$ on Searches for Top-Associated Physics

Searches for top quark-associated physics such as $t\bar t W$ or $t\bar t H$
in final states with multiple leptons require a careful accounting of expected
backgrounds due to the lack of reconstructible resonances. We demonstrate that
the rare top quark decays $t \to \ell' \nu b \ell\ell$ and $t \to q q' b
\ell\ell$, when a soft lepton is not detected, can contribute a non-negligible
background to such searches. Simulations in the LHC experiments typically do
not account for such decays and as such backgrounds to such searches may be
underestimated.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Green-Schwarz Automorphisms and 6D SCFTs

All known interacting 6D superconformal field theories (SCFTs) have a tensor
branch which includes anti-chiral two-forms and a corresponding lattice of
string charges. Automorphisms of this lattice preserve the Dirac pairing and
specify discrete global and gauge symmetries of the 6D theory. In this paper we
compute this automorphism group for 6D SCFTs. This discrete data determines the
geometric structure of the moduli space of vacua. Upon compactification, these
automorphisms generate Seiberg-like dualities, as well as additional theories
in discrete quotients by the 6D global symmetries. When a perturbative
realization is available, these discrete quotients correspond to including
additional orientifold planes in the string construction.Comment: v2: 66 pages, 5 figures, updated references and clarifications adde
Low-Energy Dynamics of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ $G_2$ Supersymmetric Gauge
  Theory

We study a three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric $G_2$ gauge
theory with and without fundamental matters. We find that a classical Coulomb
branch of the moduli space of vacua is partly lifted by monopole-instantons and
the quantum Coulomb moduli space would be described by a complex
one-dimensional space. Depending on the number of the matters in a fundamental
representation, the low-energy dynamics of the theory shows various phases like
s-confinement or quantum merging of the Coulomb and the Higgs branches. We also
investigate superconformal indices as an independent check of our analysis.Comment: v2 typo correcte