pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Induced Acceleration of the Rate of Activation of a Molecular Reaction

An increase in the rates of activated processes with the coupling to the solvent has long been predicted through the phenomenological Langevin equation in the weak coupling regime. However, its direct observation in particle-based models has been elusive because the coupling typically places the processes in the spacial-diffusion limited regime wherein rates decrease with increasing friction. In this work, the forward and backward reaction rates of the LiNC Ð LiCN isomerization reaction in a bath of argon atoms at various densities have been calculated directly using molecular dynamics trajectories. The so-called Kramers turnover in the rate with microscopic friction is clearly visible, thus providing direct and unambiguous evidence for the energy-diffusion regime in which rates increase with friction
Event Recognition Using Signal Spectrograms in Long Pulse Experiments

As discharge duration increases, real-time complex analysis of the signal becomes more important. In this context, data acquisition and processing systems must provide models for designing experiments which use event oriented plasma control. One example of advanced data analysis is signal classification. The off-line statistical analysis of a large number of discharges provides information to develop algorithms for the determination of the plasma parameters from measurements of magnetohydrodinamic waves, for example, to detect density fluctuations induced by the Alfvén cascades using morphological patterns. The need to apply different algorithms to the signals and to address different processing algorithms using the previous results necessitates the use of an event-based experiment. The Intelligent Test and Measurement System platform is an example of architecture designed to implement distributed data acquisition and real-time processing systems. The processing algorithm sequence is modeled using an event-based paradigm. The adaptive capacity of this model is based on the logic defined by the use of state machines in SCXML. The Intelligent Test and Measurement System platform mixes a local multiprocessing model with a distributed deployment of services based on Jini
An investigation into hot-spots in two large grid-connected PV plants

This paper details an investigation into the appearance of hot-spots in two large grid-connected photovoltaics (PV) plants, which were detected after the visual inspection of trackers whose energy output was decreasing at anomalous rate. Detected hot-spots appeared not only in the solar cells but also in resistive solder bonds (RSB) between cells and contact ribbons. Both types cause similar irreversible damage to the PV modules, but the latter are the main responsible for the detected decrease in energy output, which was confirmed in an experimental testing campaign. The results of this investigation, for example, how hot-spots were detected or their impact on the output power of PV modules, may be of interest for the routine maintenance of large grid-connected PV plants
The P-Adaptive BIEM Version in Elastostatics

This paper introduces the p-adaptive version of the boundary element method as a natural extension of the homonymous finite element approach. After a brief introduction to adaptive techniques through their finite element formulation in elastostatics, the concepts are cast into the boundary element environment. Thus, the p-adaptive version of boundary integral methods is shown to be a generalization of already well known ideas. In order to show the power of these numerical procedures, the results of two practical analysis using both methods are presented
A comparative study of the cathodic behaviour of EuCl3 in two imidazolium chloride ionic liquids, the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mimCl) and the 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium (C2mimCl), on a glassy carbon electrode.

Producción CientíficaThis work presents a comparative study of the electrochemical behaviour, on a glassy carbon electrode, of dissolved EuCl3 in two chlorobasic ionic liquids, the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, C2mimCl, and the 1-buthyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, C4mimCl, over the temperature ranges 363–398 K and 343–363 K respectively. In both media, the electro-reduction of EuCl63 − takes place via only one electrochemical step EuCl63 −/EuCl64 −. The electrochemical system EuCl64 −/Eu(0) has not been observed within the electrochemical window of both ILs, due to the prior reduction of the respective imidazolium cation from the solvents, which inhibits the electro-extraction of Eu(0) from the media on the GC electrode.
The paper describes how several electrochemical techniques (e.g. cyclic voltammetry (CV), convolutive potential sweep voltammetry (CPSV), steady state voltammetry (SSV), chronopotentiometry (CP) and chronoamperometry (CA)) have been used experimentally: i) verifying assumptions used in their theoretical analysis, and ii) ensuring reproducible conditions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, with the aim to obtain high-precision measurements of the diffusion coefficient of EuCl63 −. In order to know if there are discrepancies between the obtained data, a two-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, has been carried out. The analysis has shown that with a 95% confidence level there are no significant differences between the diffusion coefficients obtained by the different techniques. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient of EuCl63 − increases with the temperature following the Arrhenius law, being the activation energy for diffusion 40.4 ± 2.6 and 60.2 ± 1.8 kJ mol− 1 in C2mimCl and C4mimCl respectively. The dimensionless Schmidt numbers, defined as the ratio between solvent viscosity and solute diffusivity (Sc = ν/D), have also been calculated to characterise the solute global mass transport through its environment.
On the GC electrode, the electro-reduction of EuCl63 − to EuCl64 − is a quasi-reversible process. Accurate values of the kinetic parameters (i.e. the intrinsic rate constant of charge transfer, k0, and the charge transfer coefficient, α), as well as the reversible half wave potential, Er1/2, have been obtained for the first time in the mentioned ionic liquids, by simulation of the cyclic voltammograms and logarithmic analysis of the voltammograms and convoluted curvesJunta de Castilla y León, VA171U1
Finite element simulation of magnesium alloys laser beam welding

The authors are grateful to FONDERIE MESSIER (HONSEL group) that provided the as-cast magnesium alloy workpieces. The authors would like also to acknowledge the technical support of Dr. Morraru of the IMS Laboratory, ARTS ET MÉTIERS PARISTECH, Aix En Provence, France.In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed to simulate thermal history magnesium-based alloys during laser beam welding. Space–time temperature distributions in weldments are predicted from the beginning of welding to the final cooling. The finite element calculations were performed using Cast3M code with which the heat equation is solved considering a non-linear transient behaviour. The applied loading is a moving heat source that depends on process parameters such as power density, laser beam dimensions and welding speed, and it is associated to moving boundary conditions. Experiments were carried out to determine temperature evolution during welding and to measure the laser weld width. By comparing the thermal model answers with the measurements, it is found that numerical simulations results are in a good agreement with the experimental data
Application of a dislocation based model for Interstitial Free (IF) steels to typical stamping simulations

With a view to environmental, economic and safety concerns, car manufacturers need to design lighter and safer vehicles in ever shorter development times. In recent years, High Strength Steels (HSS) like Interstitial Free (IF) steels which have higher ratios of yield strength to elastic modulus, are increasingly used for sheet metal parts in automotive industry to meet the demands. Moreover, the application of sheet metal forming simulations has proven to be beneficial to reduce tool costs in the design stage and to optimize current processes. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is quite successful to simulate metal forming processes but accuracy largely depends on the quality of the material properties provided as input to the material model. Common phenomenological models roughly consist in the fitting of functions on experimental results and do not provide any predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Therefore, the use of accurate plasticity models based on physics would increase predictive capability, reduce parameter identification cost and allow for robust and time-effective finite element simulations. For this purpose, a 3D physically based model at large strain with dislocation density evolution approach was presented in IDDRG2009 by the authors [1]. This model allows the description of work-hardening's behavior for different loading paths (i.e. uni-axial tensile, simple shear and Bauschinger tests) taking into account several data from microstructure (i.e. grain size, texture, etc...). The originality of this model consists in the introduction of microstructure data in a classical phenomenological model in order to achieve work-hardening's predictive character for different metals from the same grade. Indeed, thanks to a microstructure parameter set for an Interstitial Free steel, it is possible to describe work-hardening behavior for different loading paths of other IF steels by only changing the mean grain size and the chemical composition. During sheet metal forming processes local material points may experience multi-axial and multi-path loadings. Before simulating actual industrial parts, automotive manufacturers use validation tools - e.g. the Cross-Die stamping test. Such typical stamping tests enable the evaluation of a complex distribution of strains. The work described is an implementation [2] of a 3D dislocation based model in ABAQUS/Explicit and its validation on a Finite Element (FE) Cross-Die model. In order to assess the performance and relevance of the 3D dislocation based model in the simulation of industrial forming applications, the results of thinning profiles predicted along several directions and the strain distribution were obtained and compared with experimental results for IF steels with grain sizes varying in the 8-22 μm value range.Cifre Renaul
Interactive experiments in object-based retrieval

Object-based retrieval is a modality for video retrieval based on segmenting objects from video and allowing end-users to use these objects as part of querying. This uses similarity between query objects and objects appearing in the video, and in theory allows retrieval based on what is actually appearing on-screen. We conducted an empirical\ud
TRECVid-like evaluation of object-based search in an interactive search experiment with 24 search topics and 16 users each performing 12 search tasks on 50 hours of video. This was done in an attempt to measure the impact of object-based search on annotation-free video where text from\ud
automatic speech recognition (ASR), from video OCR, or from closed captions is not available
Statistical analysis of the performance and simulation of a two-axis tracking PV system

The energy produced by a photovoltaic system over a given period can be estimated from the incident radiation at the site where the Grid Connected PV System (GCPVS) is located, assuming knowledge of certain basic features of the system under study. Due to the inherently stochastic nature of solar radiation, the question “How much energy will a GCPVS produce at this location over the next few years?” involves an exercise of prediction inevitably subjected to a degree of uncertainty. Moreover, during the life cycle of the GCPVS, another question arises: “Is the system working correctly?”. This paper proposes and examines several methods to cope with these questions. The daily performance of a PV system is simulated. This simulation and the interannual variability of both radiation and productivity are statistically analyzed. From the results several regression adjustments are obtained. This analysis is shown to be useful both for productivity prediction and performance checking exercises. Finally, a statistical analysis of the performance of a GCPVS is carried out as a detection method of malfunctioning parts of the system
Functional properties of the human ventral mesencephalic neural stem cell line hVM1.

The human fetal ventral mesencephalon-derived stem cell line, hVM1, yields high number of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing presumed dopaminergic neurons upon in vitro differentiation. Here we report that cells generated from this line differentiate into a neuronal phenotype, express electrophysiological properties of functional neurons and respond to neurotransmitters in vitro. However, the electrophysiological properties are immature and the cells require longer maturation time than possible under in vitro condition
A language-theoretic view on network protocols

Input validation is the first line of defense against malformed or malicious inputs. It is therefore critical that the validator (which is often part of the parser) is free of bugs.  To build dependable input validators, we propose using parser generators for context-free languages.  In the context of network protocols, various works have pointed at context-free languages as falling short to specify precisely or concisely common idioms found in protocols.  We review those assessments and perform a rigorous, language-theoretic analysis of several common protocol idioms. We then demonstrate the practical value of our findings by developing a modular, robust, and efficient input validator for HTTP relying on context-free grammars and regular expressions
XPS studies on the interaction of CeO2 with Silicon in magnetron sputtered CeO2 thin films on Si and Si3N4 substrates

CeO2 thin films were deposited on silicon and silicon nitride substrates by magnetron sputtering at room temperature and annealed at 400 and 600 °C in air and vacuum. Interaction between deposited CeO2 and Si in CeO2/Si and CeO2/Si3N4 systems was investigated by XPS.\ud
The results show that Ce is present as both Ce4+ and Ce3+ oxidation states in CeO2 film deposited on Si substrate, whereas Ce4+ is the main species in as-deposited CeO2/Si3N4 film. Detailed analyses of Ce3d, Si2p and O1s core level spectra demonstrate that Ce2O3 and SiOx or cerium\ud
silicate type of species are formed at the interface of CeO2 and Si. Concentrations of Ce3+ species increase drastically in CeO2/Si thin films after annealing at 400 °C in vacuum due to enhanced interfacial reaction. On the other hand, interfacial reaction between CeO2 and Si3N4 substrate is limited in as-deposited as well as 600 °C heat treated films
Deafness and loss of cochlear hair cells in the absence of thyroid hormone transporters Slc16a2 (Mct8) and Slc16a10 (Mct10)

Transmembrane proteins that mediate the cellular uptake or efflux of thyroid hormone potentially provide a key level of control over neurodevelopment. In humans, defects in one such protein, solute carrier SLC16A2 (MCT8) are associated with psychomotor retardation. Other proteins that transport the active form of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) or its precursor thyroxine (T4) have been identified in vitro but the wider significance of such transporters in vivo is unclear. The development of the auditory system requires thyroid hormone and the cochlea is a primary target tissue. We have proposed that the compartmental anatomy of the cochlea would necessitate transport mechanisms to convey blood-borne hormone to target tissues. We report hearing loss in mice with mutations in Slc16a2 and a related gene Slc16a10 (Mct10, Tat1). Deficiency of both transporters results in retarded development of the sensory epithelium similar to impairment caused by hypothyroidism, compounded with a progressive degeneration of cochlear hair cells and loss of endocochlear potential. Administration of T3 largely restores the development of the sensory epithelium and limited auditory function, indicating the T3-sensitivity of defects in the sensory epithelium. The results indicate a necessity for thyroid hormone transporters in cochlear development and function
Effects of simulated crouch gait on foot kinematics and kinetics in healthy children

Identification of secondary and tertiary impairments in neurologically induced gait deviations, such as crouch gait, is not always straightforward, but essential in order to decide upon the most efficient medical treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Until now, exact intersegmental dependency of the development of foot deformities has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore if an artificially induced bilateral knee flexion contracture causes compensatory mechanisms in foot motion during gait in healthy children. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data from 30 healthy children (mean age 10.6 years) were derived from the Oxford Foot model (OFM). Participants walked first in an artificially induced crouch gait (limitation of knee extension to 40°) and then normally. Walking speed was kept the same in both conditions. Analysis revealed small but significant (p<0.05) differences between the two conditions in hindfoot and forefoot kinematics in all three planes during the stance phase as well as for all peak internal moments within the foot. In general the foot tended to compensate for an artificial knee flexion contracture with an increase in maximal dorsiflexion, eversion and external rotation of the hindfoot, which also allowed increased foot motion in other foot segments. The results of this study showed that an isolated proximal joint contracture had an influence on foot position during stance in healthy children. Further interpretation of the data in relation to CP children will be possible as soon as comparable OFM data of pathological crouch gait is available
Influence of processing parameters on the tool and workpiece mechanical interaction during Friction Stir Welding

During Friction Stir Welding process, FSW, a tool / workpiece mechanical interaction is generated leading to forces and torques applied on the tool. These forces and torques are transmitted to the welding equipment impacting its technical requirements. This paper presents a forces and torques analysis according to the processing parameters on the welding at constant speed stage. The analysis was performed on the whole welding process windows, by varying one process parameter after the other. The goal of this work is to determine if and how the forces and torque could be reduced by working on the processing parameters. So, with lower forces and torque applied on the tool, the use of a standard and flexible welding equipment, allowing the welding of complex geometries, could be enabled
Field emission in ordered arrays of ZnO nanowires prepared by nanosphere lithography and extended Fowler-Nordheim analyses

A multistage chemical method based on nanosphere lithography was used to produce hexagonally patterned arrays of ZnO vertical nanowires, with 1 lm interspacing and aspect ratio 20, with a view to study the effects of emitter uniformity on the current emitted upon application of a dc voltage across a 250 lm vacuum gap. A new treatment, based on the use of analytical expressions for the image-potential correction functions, was applied to the linear region below 2000 V of the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plot and showed the most suitable value of the work function / in the range 3.3–4.5 eV (conduction band emission) with a Schottky lowering parameter y ~ 0.72 and a field enhancement factor c in the 700–1100 range. A modeled c value of 200 was calculated for an emitter shape of a prolate ellipsoid of revolution and also including the effect of nanowire screening, in fair agreement with the experimental value. The Fowler-Nordheim current densities\ud
and effective emission areas were derived as 1011 Am2 and 1017 m2, respectively, showing that field emission likely takes place in an area of atomic dimensions at the tip of the emitter. Possible causes for the observed departure from linear FN plot behavior above 2000 V were discussed
Use of prediction methods for patent and trademark applications in Spain

Patent and trademark offices which run according to principles of new management have an inherent need for dependable forecasting data in planning capacity and service levels. The ability of the Spanish Office of Patents and Trademarks to carry out efficient planning of its resource needs  requires the use of methods which allow it to predict the changes in the number of patent and trademark applications at different time horizons. The approach for the prediction of time series of Spanish patents and trademarks applications (1979e2009) was based on the use of different techniques of time series prediction in a short-term horizon. The methods used can be grouped into two specifics areas: regression models of trends and time series models. The results of this study show that it is possible to model the series of patents and trademarks applications with different models, especially ARIMA, with satisfactory model adjustment and relatively low error
Teaching about citric acid cycle using plant mitochondrial preparations: Some assays for use in laboratory courses

Potato tubers and turnip roots were used to prepare purified mitochondria for laboratory practical work in the teaching of the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). Plant mitochondria are particularly advantageous over the animal fractions to demonstrate the TCA cycle enzymatic steps, by using simple techniques to measure O2 consumption and transmembrane potential (ΔΨ). The several TCA cycle intermediates induce specific enzyme activities, which can be identified by respiratory parameters. Such a strategy is also used to evidence properties of the TCA cycle enzymes: ADP stimulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase; activation by citrate of downstream oxidation steps, e.g. succinate dehydrogenase; and regulation of the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase by citrate action on the citrate/isocitrate carrier. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that, in the absence of exogenous Mg2+, isocitrate-dependent respiration favors the alternative oxidase pathway, as judged by changes of the ADP/O elicited by the inhibitor n-propyl galate. These are some examples of assays related with TCA cycle intermediates we can use in laboratory courses.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmb.2005.49403302244
Numerical model for the prediction of dilute, three-dimensional, turbulent fluid-particle flows, using a Lagrangian approach for particle tracking and a CVFEM for the carrier phase

A numerical model for dilute, three-dimensional, turbulent, incompressible fluid-solid particle flows and its application to a demonstration problem are presented. An Eulerian description is used to model the flow of the fluid (carrier) phase, and the governing equations are solved using a control-volume finite element method (CVFEM). The motion of the solid (particulate) phase is simulated using a Lagrangian approach. An efficient algorithm is proposed for locating the particles in the finite element mesh. In the demonstration problem, which involves a particle-laden axisymmetric jet, a modified k-ε turbulence model is used to characterize the velocity and length scales of the turbulent flow of the fluid phase. The effect of turbulence on the particle trajectories is accounted for through a stochastic model. The effect of the particles on the fluid time-mean velocity and turbulence (two-way coupling) is also addressed. Comparisons between predictions and available experimental data for the demonstration problem are presented. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.172