pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Disruption of mouse ERCC1 results in a novel repair syndrome with growth failure, nuclear abnormalities and senescence.

BACKGROUND: The structure-specific ERCC1/XPF endonuclease complex that contains the ERCC1 and XPF subunits is implicated in the repair of two distinct types of lesions in DNA: nucleotide excision repair (NER) for ultraviolet-induced lesions and bulky chemical adducts; and recombination repair of the very genotoxic interstrand cross-links. RESULTS: Here, we present a detailed analysis of two types of mice with mutations in ERCC1, one in which the gene is 'knocked out', and one in which the encoded protein contains a seven amino-acid carboxy-terminal truncation. In addition to the previously reported symptoms of severe runting, abnormalities of liver nuclei and greatly reduced lifespan (which appeared less severe in the truncation mutant), both types of ERCC1-mutant mouse exhibited an absence of subcutaneous fat, early onset of ferritin deposition in the spleen, kidney malfunction, gross abnormalities of ploidy and cytoplasmic invaginations in nuclei of liver and kidney, and compromised NER and cross-link repair. We also found that heterozygosity for ERCC1 mutations did not appear to provide a selective advantage for chemically induced tumorigenesis. An important clue to the cause of the very severe ERCC1-mutant phenotypes is our finding that ERCC1-mutant cells undergo premature replicative senescence, unlike cells from mice with a defect only in NER. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggest that the accumulation in ERCC1-mutant mice of endogenously generated DNA interstrand cross-links, which are normally repaired by ERCC1-dependent recombination repair, underlies both the early onset of cell cycle arrest and polyploidy in the liver and kidney. Thus, our work provides an insight into the molecular basis of ageing and highlights the role of ERCC1 and interstrand DNA cross-links
A Projective C*-Algebra Related to K-Theory

The C*-algebra qC is the smallest of the C*-algebras qA introduced by Cuntz
in the context of KK-theory. An important property of qC is the natural
isomorphism of K0 of D with classes of homomorphism from qC to matrix algebras
over D. Our main result concerns the exponential (boundary) map from K0 of a
quotient B to K1 of an ideal I. We show if a K0 element is realized as a
homomorphism from qC to B then its boundary is realized as a unitary in the
unitization of I. The picture we obtain of the exponential map is based on a
projective C*-algebra P that is universal for a set of relations slightly
weaker than the relations that define qC. A new, shorter proof of the
semiprojectivity of qC is described. Smoothing questions related the relations
for qC are addressed.Comment: 11 pages. Added a result about the boundary map in K-theor
Fermi large area telescope observations of Markarian 421: the missing piece of its spectral energy distribution

We report on the gamma-ray activity of the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae object Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) during the first 1.5 years of Fermi operation, from 2008 August 5 to 2010 March 12. We find that the Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum above 0.3 GeV can be well described by a power-law function with photon index Gamma = 1.78 +/- 0.02 and average photon flux F(>0.3 GeV) = (7.23 +/- 0.16) x 10(-8) ph cm(-2) s(-1). Over this time period, the Fermi-LAT spectrum above 0.3 GeV was evaluated on seven-day-long time intervals, showing significant variations in the photon flux (up to a factor similar to 3 from the minimum to the maximum flux) but mild spectral variations. The variability amplitude at X-ray frequencies measured by RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT is substantially larger than that in gamma-rays measured by Fermi-LAT, and these two energy ranges are not significantly correlated. We also present the first results from the 4.5 month long multifrequency campaign on Mrk 421, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments that provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign (2009 January 19 to 2009 June 1). During this campaign, Mrk 421 showed a low activity at all wavebands. The extensive multi-instrument (radio to TeV) data set provides an unprecedented, complete look at the quiescent spectral energy distribution (SED) for this source. The broadband SED was reproduced with a leptonic (one-zone synchrotron self-Compton) and a hadronic model (synchrotron proton blazar). Both frameworks are able to describe the average SED reasonably well, implying comparable jet powers but very different characteristics for the blazar emission site
Is the Weibel instability enhanced by the suprathermal populations, or
  not?

The kinetic instabilities of the Weibel-type are presently invoked in a large
variety of astrophysical scenarios because anisotropic plasma structures are
ubiquitous in space. The Weibel instability is driven by a temperature
anisotropy which is commonly modeled by a bi-axis distribution function, such
as a bi-Maxwellian or a generalized bi-Kappa. Previous studies have been
limited to a bi-Kappa distribution and found a suppression of this instability
in the presence of suprathermal tails. In the present paper it is shown that
the Weibel growth rate is rather more sensitive to the shape of the anisotropic
distribution function. In order to illustrate the distinguishing properties of
this instability a \emph{product-bi-Kappa distribution} is introduced, with the
advantage that this distribution function enables the use of different values
of the spectral index in the two directions, $\kappa_{\parallel} \ne
\kappa_{\perp}$. The growth rates and the instability threshold are derived and
contrasted with those for a simple bi-Kappa and a bi-Maxwellian. Thus, while
the maximum growth rates reached at the saturation are found to be higher, the
threshold is drastically reduced making the anisotropic product-bi-Kappa (with
small kappas) highly susceptible to the Weibel instability. This effect could
also rise questions on the temperature or the temperature anisotropy that seems
to be not an exclusive source of free energy for this instability, and
definition of these notions for such Kappa distributions must probably be
reconsidered
On the constants in a basic inequality for the Euler and Navier-Stokes
  equations

We consider the incompressible Euler or Navier-Stokes (NS) equations on a
d-dimensional torus T^d; the quadratic term in these equations arises from the
bilinear map sending two velocity fields v, w : T^d -> R^d into v . D w, and
also involves the Leray projection L onto the space of divergence free vector
fields. We derive upper and lower bounds for the constants in some inequalities
related to the above quadratic term; these bounds hold, in particular, for the
sharp constants K_{n d} = K_n in the basic inequality || L(v . D w)||_n <= K_n
|| v ||_n || w ||_{n+1}, where n in (d/2, + infinity) and v, w are in the
Sobolev spaces H^n, H^{n+1} of zero mean, divergence free vector fields of
orders n and n+1, respectively. As examples, the numerical values of our upper
and lower bounds are reported for d=3 and some values of n. Some practical
motivations are indicated for an accurate analysis of the constants K_n.Comment: LaTeX, 36 pages. The numerical values of the upper bounds K^{+}_{5}
  and K^{+}_{10} for d=3 have been corrected. Some references have been
  updated. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1009.2051 by the same
  authors, not concerning the main result
Chirally motivated K^- nuclear potentials

In-medium subthreshold KbarN scattering amplitudes calculated within a
chirally motivated meson-baryon coupled-channel model are used self
consistently to confront K^- atom data across the periodic table. Substantially
deeper K^- nuclear potentials are obtained compared to the shallow potentials
derived in some approaches from threshold amplitudes, with Re V_{chiral} =
-(85+/-5) MeV at nuclear matter density. When KbarNN contributions are
incorporated phenomenologically, a very deep K^- nuclear potential results, Re
V_{chiral+phen.} = -(180+/-5) MeV, in agreement with density dependent
potentials obtained in purely phenomenological fits to the data. Self
consistent dynamical calculations of K^- nuclear quasibound states are reported
and discussed.Comment: extended discussion, unchanged results and conclusions, accepted by
  PL
Magnetic Charge Can Locally Stabilize Kaluza-Klein Bubbles

We construct a new 2-parameter family of static topological solitons in 5D
minimal supergravity which are endowed with magnetic charge and mass. The
solitons are asymptotically ${\mathbb R}^4\times S^1$, where the radius of the
$S^1$ has a lower bound $R_s\ge R_{min}$. Setting up initial data on a Cauchy
slice at a moment of time symmetry, we demonstrate that if $R_s>R_{min}$ these
solitons correspond to a perturbatively stable "small" static bubble as well as
an unstable "large" static bubble, whereas if $R_s<R_{min}$ there are no static
bubbles. The energetics and thermodynamics of the magnetic black string are
then discussed and it is shown that the locally stable bubble is the end point
of a phase transition for an appropriate range of black string parameters.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. v3: references and stringy discussion added, v4:
  introduction expanded. Minor comments throughout. Accepted for publication in
  PL
Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect and spontaneous excitation of an accelerated
  atom interacting with a quantum scalar field

We investigate, from the point of view of a coaccelerated frame, the
spontaneous excitation of a uniformly accelerated two-level atom interacting
with a scalar field in a thermal state at a finite temperature $T$ and show
that the same spontaneous excitation rate for the uniformly accelerated atom in
the Minkowski vacuum obtained in the inertial frame can only be recovered in
the coaccelerated frame assuming a thermal bath at the Fulling-Davies-Unruh
temperature $T_{FDU}=a/2\pi$ for what appears to be the Minkowski vacuum to the
inertial observer. Our discussion provides another example of a physical
process different from those examined before in the literature to better
understand the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in PL
Does the crossover from perturbative to nonperturbative physics in QCD
  become a phase transition at infinite N ?

We present numerical evidence that, in the planar limit, four dimensional
Euclidean Yang-Mills theory undergoes a phase transition on a finite
symmetrical four-torus when the length of the sides $l$ decreases to a critical
value $l_c$. For $l>l_c$ continuum reduction holds so that at leading order in
$N$, there are no finite size effects in Wilson and Polyakov loops. This
produces the exciting possibility of solving numerically for the meson sector
of planar QCD at a cost substantially smaller than that of quenched SU(3).Comment: 8p, 5 figures, revtex
A Stable Proton without R-Parity--Implications for the LSP--

The proton decays too rapidly in supersymmetric theories if a dimension-4
operator \bar{5}.10.\bar{5} exists in the superpotential. The conventional idea
is to impose the R-parity to kill this operator with a stable lightest
supersymmetry particle (LSP) as a direct consequence. However, the SUSY-zero
mechanism is also able to kill the operator without an unbroken R-parity. In
this article, we provide a firm theoretical justification for the absence of
the dimension-4 proton decay operator under the SUSY-zero mechanism, by using
some input from string theory. The LSP may be unstable without the R-parity
and, indeed, some dimension-5 R-parity violating operators may be generated in
effective theories. This suggests that the dark matter is an axion in this
string theory inspired model. An insight on the SUSY-zero mechanism is also
obtained.Comment: 13 pages, including 3 figure
Phenomenology of the Higgs Effective Lagrangian via FeynRules

The Higgs discovery and the lack of any other hint for new physics favor a
description of non-standard Higgs physics in terms of an effective field
theory. We present an implementation of a general Higgs effective Lagrangian
containing operators up to dimension six in the framework of FeynRules and
provide details on the translation between the mass and interaction bases, in
particular for three- and four-point interaction vertices involving Higgs and
gauge bosons. We illustrate the strengths of this implementation by using the
UFO interface of FeynRules capable to generate model files that can be
understood by the MadGraph 5 event generator and that have the specificity to
contain all interaction vertices, without any restriction on the number of
external legs or on the complexity of the Lorentz structures. We then
investigate several new physics effects in total rates and differential
distributions for different Higgs production modes, including gluon fusion,
associated production with a gauge boson and di-Higgs production. We finally
study contact interactions of gauge and Higgs bosons to fermions.Comment: 36 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables; version accepted by JHE
Using Latent Binary Variables for Online Reconstruction of Large Scale
  Systems

We propose a probabilistic graphical model realizing a minimal encoding of
real variables dependencies based on possibly incomplete observation and an
empirical cumulative distribution function per variable. The target application
is a large scale partially observed system, like e.g. a traffic network, where
a small proportion of real valued variables are observed, and the other
variables have to be predicted. Our design objective is therefore to have good
scalability in a real-time setting. Instead of attempting to encode the
dependencies of the system directly in the description space, we propose a way
to encode them in a latent space of binary variables, reflecting a rough
perception of the observable (congested/non-congested for a traffic road). The
method relies in part on message passing algorithms, i.e. belief propagation,
but the core of the work concerns the definition of meaningful latent variables
associated to the variables of interest and their pairwise dependencies.
Numerical experiments demonstrate the applicability of the method in practice
Microlensing Events by Proxima Centauri in 2014 and 2016: Opportunities
  for Mass Determination and Possible Planet Detection

We have found that Proxima Centauri, the star closest to our Sun, will pass
close to a pair of faint background stars in the next few years. Using Hubble
Space Telescope (HST) images obtained in 2012 October, we determine that the
passage close to a mag 20 star will occur in 2014 October (impact parameter
1.6"), and to a mag 19.5 star in 2016 February (impact parameter 0.5"). As
Proxima passes in front of these stars, the relativistic deflection of light
will cause shifts in the positions of the background stars by ~0.5 and 1.5 mas,
respectively, readily detectable by HST imaging, and possibly by Gaia and
ground-based facilities such as VLT. Measurement of these astrometric shifts
offers a unique and direct method to measure the mass of Proxima. Moreover, if
Proxima has a planetary system, the planets may be detectable through their
additional microlensing signals, although the probability of such detections is
small. With astrometric accuracies of 0.03 mas (achievable with HST spatial
scanning), centroid shifts caused by Jovian planets are detectable at
separations of up to 2.0" (corresponding to 2.6 AU at the distance of Proxima),
and centroid shifts by Earth-mass planets are detectable within a small band of
8 mas (corresponding to 0.01 AU) around the source trajectories. Jovian planets
within a band of about 28 mas (corresponding to 0.036 AU) around the source
trajectories would produce a brightening of the source by >0.01 mag and could
hence be detectable. Estimated timescales of the astrometric and photometric
microlensing events due to a planet range from a few hours to a few days, and
both methods would provide direct measurements of the planetary mass.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
GRB 120422A/SN 2012bz: Bridging the Gap between Low- And High-Luminosity
  GRBs

At low redshift, a handful of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been discovered
with peak luminosities ($L_{\rm iso} < 10^{48.5}~\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$)
substantially lower than the average of the more distant ones ($L_{\rm iso} >
10^{49.5}~\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$). The properties of several low-luminosity
(low-$L$) GRBs indicate that they can be due to shock break-out, as opposed to
the emission from ultrarelativistic jets. Owing to this, it is highly debated
how both populations are connected, and whether there is a continuum between
them. The burst at redshift $z=0.283$ from 2012 April 22 is one of the very few
examples of intermediate-$L$ GRBs with a $\gamma$-ray luminosity of
$L\sim10^{48.9}~\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$ that have been detected up to now. Together
with the robust detection of its accompanying supernova SN 2012bz, it has the
potential to answer important questions on the origin of low- and high-$L$ GRBs
and the GRB-SN connection. We carried out a spectroscopy campaign using medium-
and low-resolution spectrographs at 6--10-m class telescopes, covering the time
span of 37.3 days, and a multi-wavelength imaging campaign from radio to X-ray
energies over a duration of $\sim270$ days. Furthermore, we used a tuneable
filter centred at H$\alpha$ to map star formation in the host galaxy and the
surrounding galaxies. We used these data to extract and model the properties of
different radiation components and incorporate spectral-energy-distribution
fitting techniques to extract the properties of the host galaxy. Modelling the
light curve and spectral energy distribution from the radio to the X-rays
revealed the blast-wave to expand with an initial Lorentz factor of
$\Gamma_0\sim60$, low for a high-$L$ GRB, and that the afterglow had an
exceptional low peak luminosity-density of
$\lesssim2\times10^{30}~\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}\,\rm{Hz}^{-1}$ in the sub-mm.
[Abridged]Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, 9 tables; abstract is abridged; images are
  shown at reduced resolution; comments are welcom
q-Virasoro algebra and the point-splitting

It is shown that a particular q-deformation of the Virasoro algebra can be interpreted in terms of the q-local field \Phi (x) and the Schwinger-like point-splitted Virasoro currents, quadratic in \Phi (x). The q-deformed Virasoro algebra possesses an additional index \alpha, which is directly related to point-splitting of the currents. The generators in the q-deformed case are found to exactly reproduce the results obtained by probing the fields X(z) (string coordinate) and \Phi (z) (string momentum) with the non-splitted Virasoro generators and lead to a particular representation of the SU_q (1,1) algebra characterized by the standard conformal dimension J of the field. Some remarks concerning the q-vertex operator for the interacting q-string theory are made
On Magnetic solution to 2+1 Einstein--Maxwell gravity

The three--dimensional magnetic solution to the Einstein--Maxwell field
equations have been considered by some authors. Several interpretations have
been formulated for this magnetic spacetime. Up to now this solution has been
considered as a two--parameter self--consistent field. We point out that the
parameter related to the mass of this solution is just a pure gauge and can be
rescaled to minus one. This implies that the magnetic metric has really a
simple form and it is effectively one-parameter solution, which describes a
distribution of a radial magnetic field in a 2+1 anti--de Sitter background
space--time. We consider an alternative interpretation to the Dias--Lemos one
for the magnetic field source.Comment: 3 pages, accepted for publicatio
Hadron masses and matrix elements from the QCD Schrödinger functional

We explain how masses and matrix elements can be computed in lattice QCD using Schr"odinger functional boundary conditions. Numerical results in the quenched approximation demonstrate that good precision can be achieved. For a statistical sample of the same size, our hadron masses have a precision similar to what is achieved with standard methods, but for the computation of matrix elements such as the pseudoscalar decay constant the Schr"odinger functional technique turns out to be much more efficient than the known alternatives
STRINGY SPHALERONS AND GAUSS--BONNET TERM

The effect of the Gauss--Bonnet term on the SU(2) non--Abelian regular
stringy sphaleron solutions is studied within the non--perturbative treatment.
It is found that the existence of regular solutions depends crucially on the
value of the numerical factor $\beta$ in front of the Gauss--Bonnet term in the
four--dimensional effective action. Numerical solutions are constructed in the
N=1, 2, 3 cases for different $\beta$ below certain critical values $\beta_N$
which decrease with growing N (N being the number of nodes of the Yang--Mills
function). It is proved that for any static spherically symmetric
asymptotically flat regular solution the ADM mass is exactly equal to the
dilaton charge. No solutions were found for $\beta$ above critical values, in
particular, for $\beta=1$.Comment: Latex, 9 pages (27 Kb), figures upon reques
Measurement of the total active B-8 solar neutrino flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with enhanced neutral current sensitivity

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) B-8 solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be 5.21+/-0.27(stat)+/-0.38(syst)x10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of these and other solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam(2)=7.1(-0.6)(+1.2)x10(-5) eV(2) and theta= 32.5(-2.3)(+2.4) degrees. Maximal mixing is rejected at the equivalent of 5.4 standard deviations
Frustration index and Cheeger inequalities for discrete and continuous
  magnetic Laplacians

We discuss a Cheeger constant as a mixture of the frustration index and the
expansion rate, and prove the related Cheeger inequalities and higher order
Cheeger inequalities for graph Laplacians with cyclic signatures, discrete
magnetic Laplacians on finite graphs and magnetic Laplacians on closed
Riemannian manifolds. In this process, we develop spectral clustering
algorithms for partially oriented graphs and multi-way spectral clustering
algorithms via metrics in lens spaces and complex projective spaces. As a
byproduct, we give a unified viewpoint of Harary's structural balance theory of
signed graphs and the gauge invariance of magnetic potentials.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures. Section 5 is rewritten. Revised thanks to
  referee's suggestion
Theory of Solvation-Controlled Reactions in Stimuli-Responsive
  Nanoreactors

Metallic nanoparticles embedded in stimuli-responsive polymers can be
regarded as nanoreactors since their catalytic activity can be changed within
wide limits: the physicochemical properties of the polymer network can be tuned
and switched by external parameters, e.g. temperature or pH, and thus allows a
selective control of reactant mobility and concentration close to the reaction
site. Based on a combination of Debye's model of diffusion through an energy
landscape and a two-state model for the polymer, here we develop an analytical
expression for the observed reaction rate constant $k_{\rm obs}$. Our formula
shows an exponential dependence of this rate on the solvation free enthalpy
change $\Delta \bar{G}_{\rm sol}$, a quantity which describes the partitioning
of the reactant in the network versus bulk. Thus, changes in $\Delta
\bar{G}_{\rm sol}$, and not in the diffusion coefficient, will be the decisive
factor affecting the reaction rate in most cases. A comparison with recent
experimental data on switchable, thermosensitive nanoreactors demonstrates the
general validity of the concept