pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Secular trends in age at menarche among Caboclo populations from Pará, Amazonia, Brazil: 1930-1980

The present study is part of a large research project on growth, development, nutrition, and health of Caboclo populations from the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this paper is to analyze the age of menarche in adolescents (N = 164) and adult women (219) in the studied populations. Caboclo are admixed rural, peasant groups that live along the Amazon river and its tributaries, and there are few previous studies about them. Probit analysis of the status quo data yielded a median age at menarche of 12.29 ± 1.76 years. The retrospective method was applied to recall data of the 77 post-menarcheal adolescents, yielding an average of 13.06 ± 1.27 years. Number of children in the family did not show any statistical influence on age at menarche in any age group. In adult women, age at menarche decreased from 14.50 in those born in 1930 to 12.88 for those born in 1980 (F = 4.371, P = 0.001). The downward trend found was, on average, 0.237 year per decade in the study period. The median age at menarche in the adolescents (12.29 years) is one of the lowest values found for Central and South American populations. In the ecological context, a low age at menarche could be an adaptive advantage because it provides a greater chance for reproduction at a young age in an environment where, until recently, life expectancy was low. As has been reported for other developing countries, the change found in age at menarche in the women born from the 1930s to the 1980s is likely to be related to changes in health and nutritional factors that occurred in Brazil because this country experienced significant improvement in living standards related to education, vaccination, and health conditions, which, although not equally, reached all regions after the 1960s. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:83-92, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.2045
Nonlinear stability of oscillatory wave fronts in chains of coupled oscillators

We present a stability theory for kink propagation in chains of coupled oscillators and a different algorithm for the numerical study of kink dynamics. The numerical solutions are computed using an equivalent integral equation instead of a system of differential equations. This avoids uncertainty about the impact of artificial boundary conditions and discretization in time. Stability results also follow from the integral version. Stable kinks have a monotone leading edge and move with a velocity larger than a critical value which depends on the damping strength
Low-dimensional modeling of streaks in a wedge flow boundary layer

This paper is concerned with the low dimensional structure of optimal streaks in a wedge flow boundary layer, which have been recently shown to consist of a unique (up to a constant factor) three-dimensional streamwise evolving mode, known as the most unstable streaky mode. Optimal streaks exhibit a still unexplored/unexploited approximate self-similarity (not associated with the boundary layer self-similarity), namely the streamwise velocity re-scaled with their maximum remains almost independent of both the spanwise wavenumber and the streamwise coordinate; the remaining two velocity components instead do not satisfy this property. The approximate self-similar behavior is analyzed here and exploited to further simplify the description of optimal streaks. In particular, it is shown that streaks can be approximately described in terms of the streamwise evolution of the scalar amplitudes of just three one-dimensional modes, providing the wall normal profiles of the streamwise velocity and two combinations of the cross flow velocity components; the scalar amplitudes obey a singular system of three ordinary differential equations (involving only two degrees of freedom), which approximates well the streamwise evolution of the general streaks
Double pion photoproduction on the nucleon: study of the isospin channels

A model for the gamma p ----> pion+ pion- p reaction developed earlier is extended to account for all isospin channels. The model includes N, Delta(1232), N^*(1440) and N^*(1520) as intermediate baryonic states and the rho-meson as an intermediate two pion resonance. Although many terms contribute to the cross section, some channels exhibit particular sensitivity to certain mechanisms of resonance excitation or decay and the reactions provide novel information on such mechanisms. In particular the gamma N ----> N^*(1520) ----> Delta(1232) pion process affects all of the channels and is a key ingredient in the interpretation of the data. Comparison is made with all available data and the agreement is good in some of the channels. The remaining discrepancies is some other channels are discussed
Nonlinear relaxation field in charged systems under high electric fields

The influence of an external electric field on the current in charged systems
is investigated. The results from the classical hierarchy of density matrices
are compared with the results from the quantum kinetic theory. The kinetic
theory yields a systematic treatment of the nonlinear current beyond linear
response. To this end the dynamically screened and field-dependent
Lenard-Balescu equation is integrated analytically and the nonlinear relaxation
field is calculated. The classical linear response result known as Debye -
Onsager relaxation effect is only obtained if asymmetric screening is assumed.
Considering the kinetic equation of one specie the other species have to be
screened dynamically while the screening with the same specie itself has to be
performed statically. Different other approximations are discussed and
compared.Comment: language correction
Exploring the CP-violating Inert-Doublet Model

We have explored properties of an extension of the Inert Doublet Model by the
addition of an extra non-inert scalar doublet. The model offers a possibility of CP violation
in the scalar sector and a candidate for the Dark Matter. Allowed regions in the plane
spanned by the mass of the Dark-Matter particle and the lightest neutral Higgs particle
have been identified, and constraints from direct-detection experiments have been studied.
For favorable parameter regions one may observe long-lived charged particles produced at
the LHC
Petroleum-related hydrocarbons in deep and subsurface sediments from South-Western Barents Sea

Subsurface sediments from a pockmark area in South-Western Barents Sea have been earlier found to contain elevated levels of petroleum-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This work describes a comprehensive analysis of various biomarkers, including the highly source-specific hopanes, in a 4.5 m long gravity core from the same area, together with subsurface sediment samples from other areas in the region without pockmarks present (“background samples”). A clear difference between the pockmark gravity core and the background sediment cores was found, both with regard to genesis and the level of transformation of organic matter. A number of indicator parameters, such as methylphenanthrene index (MPI-1), point towards a significantly higher maturity of hydrocarbons in the pockmark core throughout its length as compared to the other sampled locations. Higher contents of microbial hopanoids (hopenes) may indicate the former presence of petroleum. These findings confirm the hypothesis of a natural hydrocarbon source in the deeper strata present in the studied location with pockmarks
On the characteristics of landslide tsunamis

This review presents modelling techniques and processes that govern landslide tsunami generation, with emphasis on tsunamis induced by fully submerged landslides. The analysis focuses on a set of representative examples in simplified geometries demonstrating the main kinematic landslide parameters influencing initial tsunami amplitudes and wavelengths. Scaling relations from laboratory experiments for subaerial landslide tsunamis are also briefly reviewed. It is found that the landslide acceleration determines the initial tsunami elevation for translational landslides, while the landslide velocity is more important for impulsive events such as rapid slumps and subaerial landslides. Retrogressive effects stretch the tsunami, and in certain cases produce enlarged amplitudes due to positive interference. In an example involving a deformable landslide, it is found that the landslide deformation has only a weak influence on tsunamigenesis. However, more research is needed to determine how landslide flow processes that involve strong deformation and long run-out determine tsunami generation
Fibre coupled micro-light emitting diode array light source with integrated band-pass filter for fluorescence detection in miniaturised analytical systems

In this work, a new type of miniaturized fibre-coupled solid-state light source is demonstrated as an excitation source for fluorescence detection in capillary electrophoresis. It is based on a parabolically shaped micro- light emitting diode (µ-LED) array with a custom band-pass optical interference filter (IF) deposited at the back of the LED substrate. The GaN µ-LED array consisted of 270 individual µ-LED elements with peak emission at 470nm, each about 14µm in diameter and operated as a single unit. Light was extracted through the transparent substrate material, and coupled to an optical fibre (400µm in diameter, numerical aperture NA = 0.37), to form an integrated µ-LED-IF-OF light source component. This packaged µ-LED-IFOF light source emitted approximately 225µW of optical power at a bias current of 20mA. The bandpass IF filter was designed to reduce undesirable LED light emissions in the wavelength range above 490 nm . Devices with and without IF were compared in terms of optical power output, spectral characteristics as well as LOD values. While the IF consisted of only 7.5 pairs (15 layers) of SiO2/HfO2 layers it resulted in an improvement of the baseline noise as well as the detection limit measured using fluorescein as test analyte, both by approximately one order of magnitude, with a LOD of 1×10-8 mol/L obtained under optimised conditions. The µ-LED-IF-OF light source was then demonstrated for use in capillary electrophoresis with fluorimetric detection. Limits of detection obtained by this device were compared to those obtained with a commercial fibre coupled LED device
Countercyclical energy and climate policy for the US

Continuation of the U.S.'s historical pattern addressing energy problems only in times of crisis is unlikely to catalyze a transition to an energy system with fewer adverse social impacts. Instead, the U.S. needs to bolster support for energy innovation when the perceived  urgency of energy-related problems appears to be receding. Because of the lags involved in both the energy system and the climate  system, decarbonizing the economy will require extraordinary persistence over decades. This need for sustained commitment is in  contrast to the last several decades, which have been marked by volatility and cycles of boom and bust. In contrast to the often-repeated  phrase that one should 'never let a good crisis go to waste,' the U.S. needs to most actively foster energy innovation when aspects of  energy and climate problems appear to be improving. We describe the rationale for a 'countercyclical' approach to energy and climate policy, which involves precommitment to a set of policies that go into effect once a set of trigger conditions are met
Cut moments and a generalization of DGLAP equations

We elaborate a cut (truncated) Mellin moments (CMM) approach that is constructed to study deep inelastic scattering in lepton-hadron collisions at the natural kinematic constraints. We show that generalized CMM obtained by multiple integrations of the original parton distribution f ( x, μ 2 ) as well as ones obtained by multiple differentiations of this f ( x, μ 2 ) also satisfy the DGLAP equations with the correspondingly transformed evolution kernel P ( z ). Appropriate classes of CMM for the available experimental kinematic range are suggested and analyzed. Similar relations can be obtained for the structure functions F ( x ), being the Mellin convolution F = C * f , where C is the coefficient function of the process
Sizable D -term contribution as a signature of the E 6 SU (2) F U (1) A SUSY GUT model

We show that the sizable -term contributions to the sfermion mass spectrum can be signatures of a certain grand unified theory (GUT), GUT. Note that these -term contributions destroy the degeneracy of sfermion masses among different generations in this model. This is different from previous works, which have argued for the -term contributions, which destroy the degeneracy of masses only between sfermions with different quantum charges, as a signature of GUT with a larger rank unification group. Such -terms are strongly constrained by the flavor-changing neutral current processes if the SUSY breaking scale is the weak scale. However, in , a natural SUSY-type sfermion mass spectrum is obtained, and if the masses of sfermions are larger than to realize the 126 GeV Higgs and the other sfermion masses are , then a sizable -term contribution is allowed. If these -terms can be observed in future experiments, like the 100 TeV proton collider or muon collider, we may confirm the GUT
Making the most of the relic density for dark matter searches at the LHC 14 TeV Run

As the LHC continues to search for new weakly interacting particles, it is important to remember that the search is strongly motivated by the existence of dark matter. In view of a possible positive signal, it is essential to ask whether the newly discovered weakly interacting particle can be be assigned the label  “dark matter”. Within a given set of simplified models and modest working assumptions, we reinterpret the relic abundance bound as a relic abundance range, and compare the parameter space yielding the correct relic abundance with projections of the Run II exclusion regions. Assuming that  dark matter is within the reach of the LHC, we also make the comparison with the potential 5σ  discovery regions. Reversing the logic, relic density calculations can be used to optimize dark matter  searches by motivating choices of  parameters where the LHC can probe most deeply into the dark matter parameter space. In the event that DM is seen outside of the region giving the correct relic abundance, we will learn that either thermal relic DM is ruled out in that model, or the DM-quark coupling is suppressed relative to the DM coupling strength to other SM particles
Constraining absolute neutrino masses via detection of  galactic supernova neutrinos at JUNO

A high-statistics measurement of the neutrinos from a   galactic core-collapse supernova is extremely important for   understanding the explosion mechanism, and studying the intrinsic   properties of neutrinos themselves. In this paper, we explore the   possibility to constrain the absolute scale of neutrino masses   mν via the detection of galactic supernova neutrinos at the   Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) with a 20 kiloton   liquid-scintillator detector. In assumption of a nearly-degenerate   neutrino mass spectrum and a normal mass ordering, the upper bound   on the absolute neutrino mass is found to be mν < (0.83 ± 0.24) eV at the 95% confidence level for a typical galactic   supernova at a distance of 10 kpc, where the mean value and standard   deviation are shown to account for statistical fluctuations. For   comparison, we find that the bound in the Super-Kamiokande   experiment is mν < (0.94 ± 0.28) eV at the same   confidence level. However, the upper bound will be relaxed when the   model parameters characterizing the time structure of supernova   neutrino fluxes are not exactly known, and when the neutrino mass   ordering is inverted
Excessive Higgs pair production with little MET from squarks and gluinos in the NMSSM

In the presence of a light singlino-like LSP in the NMSSM, the missing transverse energy — MET — signature of squark/gluino production can be considerably reduced. Instead, a pair of Higgs bosons is produced in each event. We propose benchmark points for such scenarios, which differ in the squark and gluino masses, and in their decay cascades. Events for these points are simulated for the run II of the LHC at 13 TeV centre of mass energy. After cuts on the transverse momenta of at least four jets, and requiring two τ-leptons from one Higgs decay, we find that the invariant mass of two b -jets from the other Higgs decay shows clear peaks above the background. Despite the reduced MET, this search strategy allows to see signals for sufficiently large integrated luminosities, depending on the squark/gluino masses
Associated production of Higgs boson with vector boson at threshold N 3 LO in QCD

We present the results for the associated production of Higgs boson with vector boson computed at threshold N 3 LO in QCD. We use the recently available result of the threshold contributions to the inclusive Drell-Yan production cross-section at third order in the strong coupling constant. We have implemented it in the publicly available computer package vh@nnlo, thereby obtaining the numerical impact of threshold N 3 LO contributions for the first time. We find that the inclusion of such corrections do reduce theoretical uncertainties resulting from the renormalization scale
3.5 keV X-ray line signal from dark matter decay in local U(1) B − L extension of Zee-Babu model

We consider a local U(1) B − L extension of Zee-Babu model to explain the recently observed 3.5 keV X-ray line signal. The model has three Standard model (SM)-singlet Dirac fermions with different U(1) B − L charges. A complex scalar field charged under U(1) B − L is introduced to break the U(1) B − L symmetry. After U(1) B − L symmetry breaking a remnant discrete symmetry stabilizes the lightest state of the Dirac fermions, which can be a stable dark matter (DM). The second lightest state, if mass splitting with the stable DM is about 3.5 keV, decays dominantly to the stable DM and 3.5 keV photon through two-loop diagrams, explaining the X-ray line signal. Two-loop suppression of the decay amplitude makes its lifetime much longer than the age of the universe and it can be a decaying DM candidate in large parameter region. We also introduce a real scalar field which is singlet under both the SM and U(1) B − L and can explain the current relic abundance of the Dirac fermionic DMs. If the mixing with the SM Higgs boson is small, it does not contribute to DM direct detection. The main contribution to the scattering of DM off atomic nuclei comes from the exchange of U(1) B − L gauge boson, Z ′ , and is suppressed below current experimental bound when Z ′ mass is heavy (≳10 TeV). If the singlet scalar mass is about 0.1–10 MeV, DM self-interaction can be large enough to solve small scale structure problems in simulations with the cold DM, such as, the core-vs-cusp problem and too-big-to-fail problem
Farming and tourism enterprise: Experiential authenticity in the diversification of independent small-scale family farming

This article examines the business choices made by independent farming families, when confronting the need to diversify away from traditional agricultural activities by starting farm-based tourism businesses. Based on interviews with farm family members who have set up tourism attractions on their farms, and drawing upon the concept of experiential authenticity, the article explores their self-conceptions of their family identities. In so doing, it addresses the choices and dilemmas facing farm families who attempt diversification through the tourism attraction route, and considers how this affects their attitudes towards more traditional farming activities. Using qualitative case study data, an empirically grounded framework is proposed that expresses the choices and challenges facing tourism entrepreneurial family farm members in the UK, through the conceptual lens of experiential authenticity
A proposal of PSO particles' initialization, for costly unconstrained optimization problems: ORTHOinit

Abstract. A proposal for particles’ initialization in PSO is presented and discussed, with focus on costly global unconstrained optimization problems. The standard PSO iteration is reformulated such that the trajectories of the particles are studied in an extended space, combining\ud
particles’ position and speed. To the aim of exploring effectively and efficiently the optimization search space since the early iterations, the particles are initialized using sets of orthogonal vectors in the extended space (orthogonal initialization, ORTHOinit). Theoretical derivation and\ud
application to a simulation-based optimization problem in ship design are presented, showing the potential benefits of the current approach
Dose point kernels in liquid water: An intra-comparison between GEANT4-DNA and a variety of Monte Carlo codes.

International audienceModeling the radio-induced effects in biological medium still requires accurate physics models to describe the interactions induced by all the charged particles present in the irradiated medium in detail. These interactions include inelastic as well as elastic processes. To check the accuracy of the very low energy models recently implemented into the GEANT4 toolkit for modeling the electron slowing-down in liquid water, the simulation of electron dose point kernels remains the preferential test. In this context, we here report normalized radial dose profiles, for mono-energetic point sources, computed in liquid water by using the very low energy "GEANT4-DNA" physics processes available in the GEANT4 toolkit. In the present study, we report an extensive intra-comparison of profiles obtained by a large selection of existing and well-documented Monte-Carlo codes, namely, EGSnrc, PENELOPE, CPA100, FLUKA and MCNPX
Status of the Virgo project

International audienceWe describe the present state and future evolution of the Virgo gravitational wave detector, realized by the Virgo Collaboration at the European Gravitational Observatory, in Cascina near Pisa in Italy. We summarize basic principles of the operation and the design features of the Virgo detector. We present the sensitivity evolution due to a series of intermediate upgrades called Virgo+ which is being completed this year and includes new monolithic suspensions. We describe the present scientific potential of the detector. Finally we discuss the plans for the second generation of the detector, called Advanced Virgo, introducing its new features, the expected sensitivity evolution and the scientific potential. Status of Virgo 4 Figure 1. An aerial view of the Virgo gravitational wave detector. The detector Virgo is located in the countryside of Commune of Cascina, a few km south of the city of Pisa, Tuscany
Macroscopic dynamics of the fusion process

A macroscopic dynamical model has been used to calculate fusion cross sections for a wide number of systems ranging from 16O + 27Al to 40Ar + 165Ho. This model takes into account the reorganization of the densities and the nucleon exchanges. The possible reaction mechanisms after capture of the system into the pocket of the interaction potential are discussed Two processes contribute to fusion : compound nucleus formation and fast fission phenomenon. The calculated fusion cross sections are in overall agreement with the data
Development of micro-channel plates on a basis of aluminium oxide

Microchannel plates (MCP) are widely used in different fields of science and technology. They have good operational parameters, such as short response time (<1 ns), good spatial resolution, sensitivity up to single electron mode, high radiation hardness, immunity to magnetic fields. We propose a new kind of MCP based on an anodic aluminum oxide substrate formed by electrochemical oxidation of aluminium. This work presents preliminary results on Al2O3 based MCPs. A research program is proposed which includes studies of the electrophysical properties of this MCPs in function of various geometric parameters (thickness, channel diameter to length ratio, effective surface, etc.)