pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Application of Hierarchical and Distributed Cognitive Architecture Management for the Smart Grid

International audienceMoving from the current power grid to the Smart Grid (SG) requires decentralizing management. This should be done by distributing intelligence over the entire grid, thereby, the intermittent production of renewable energy, customer consumption and electricity storage in electrical vehicles (EVs) could be managed in real time. In this paper, the Hierarchical and Distributed Cognitive Radio Architecture Management (HDCRAM), initially proposed to manage Cognitive Radio systems, is proposed for the management of the SG. This architecture can both be applied to the whole SG and to any sub-part (distribution network, production network, microgrid). In this paper we focus on the distribution network and the hierarchical position of each element is identified. As an example, HDCRAM is used for smart home management and multi-agent based modeling shows benefits of such an architecture. In the simulated scenario, without any management the peak power consumption is 5500 W and the hierarchical and distributed management allows to reduce it to 900 W. This diminution allows to reduce the pressure on the grid and can decrease the risk of failure
Palaeomagnetic constraints from granodioritic plutons (Jiaodong Peninsula): New insights on Late Mesozoic continental extension in eastern Asia.

International audienceMechanism and kinematics of the Late Mesozoic continental extension event of eastern Asia are still debated. In order to better constrain its evolution, two granodioritic plutons of the Jiaodong Peninsula have been chosen as targets for a time-constrained palaeomagnetic study. Indeed, plutons are devoid of visible deformation, did not experience rotation along horizontal axis and are precisely dated by U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar methods. Multidomain (MD) magnetite has been identified as the principal magnetic remanent carrier. The interpolation of existing and new U/Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages revealed that characteristic remanent magnetisation was acquired in a narrow range of 116 ± 2 Ma. Twenty out of 27 sites present stable magnetic directions calculated from high-temperature or high-coercive components. The observations of the solo normal magnetic polarity for this palaeomagnetic collection and of the magnetic remanent age consistent with the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS) argue that the characteristic magnetic remanence may be considered as primary. Detailed field observations of the intrusive relationship between the plutons and country rocks and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) study reveal the absence of the subsequent deformation of plutons, or rigid rotation of plutons along a horizontal axis. Two palaeomagnetic poles have been therefore calculated from these plutons. Among 12 out 15 Cretaceous palaeomagnetic poles, including the two new poles provided by this study, from the Jiaodong Peninsula and on both sides of Tan-Lu and Muping-Jimo faults are statistically consistent. As a result, the Jiaodong Peninsula behaved as a rigid block as internal deformation appears negligible. The remaining three derived poles are probably due to the secular variation or/and the vicinity of fault zones near of the palaeomagnetic sampling site. Thus, they can not be applied to the peninsula-scaled tectonics. Comparison of these time52 constrained Cretaceous palaeomagnetic results of the Jiaodong Peninsula with those of North China Block (NCB) indicate that the Jiaodong Peninsula was rigidly attached to NCB since, 3 at least, the Cretaceous as residual difference is clearly insignificant with respect to the error brackets. These new palaeomagnetic results confirm that the relative clockwise (CW) rotation of Eastern Liaoning-Korea Block (ELKB) with respect to NCB does not affect the Jiaodong Peninsula as a rigid block, nevertheless, some tectonic structures have been reactivated since Cenozoic and local rotations could be produced. This palaeomagnetic study reveals that the Late Mesozoic extension in Eastern Asia is heterogeneously expressed in time and space. The complete understanding of the mechanism(s) of this extensional event needs further multidisciplinary investigations
Practical consensus guidelines for the management of enuresis

Despite the high prevalence of enuresis, the professional training of doctors in the evaluation and management of this condition is often minimal and/or inconsistent. Therefore, patient care is neither optimal nor efficient, which can have a profound impact on affected children and their families. Once comprehensive history taking and evaluation has eliminated daytime symptoms or comorbidities, monosymptomatic enuresis can be managed efficaciously in the majority of patients. Non-monosymptomatic enuresis is often a more complex condition; these patients may benefit from referral to specialty care centers. We outline two alternative strategies to determine the most appropriate course of care. The first is a basic assessment covering only the essential components of diagnostic investigation which can be carried out in one office visit. The second strategy includes several additional evaluations including completion of a voiding diary, which requires extra time during the initial consultation and two office visits before treatment or specialty referral is provided. This should yield greater success than first-line treatment. Conclusion: This guideline, endorsed by major international pediatric urology and nephrology societies, aims to equip a general pediatric practice in both primary and secondary care with simple yet comprehensive guidelines and practical tools (i.e., checklists, diary templates, and quick-reference flowcharts) for complete evaluation and successful treatment of enuresis
Growth temperature dependent critical thickness for phase separation in thick (1 um)  InxGa1-xN  (x=0.2?0.4)

This paper reports phase separation in thick (-1 pm) MOVPE In,Gai_xN (x = 0.2-0.4)
	films grown by MOVPE at 570-750°C on AIN/Si(111), a-A1203(0001) and
	GaN/a-A1203(0001) substrates. Phase separation occurs when InGaN thickness exceeds a
	critical value. Critical thickness for phase separation is markedly increased with decreasing
	growth temperature. It is around 0.2 pm for a film grown at 750°C, while it is more than 1 pm
	for that grown at 570°C. No substrate dependencies are found in critical thickness. The
	cross-sectional SEM views of phase-separated films grown at 650°C show that phase
	separation is initiated at parts farer more than 0.2 pm from the substrate and extended to the
	area near the substrate. SIMS analysis shows a possibility that phase separation is initiated
	at a part with relatively large In/Ga ratio fluctuations in InGaN films
Using stand-scale forest models for estimating indicators of sustainable forest management

Criteria and indicators (C & I) to evaluate the sustainability of forest management have been proposed by
the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe. Although primarily defined at the
national scale, these C & I also have implications at scales ranging from forest stands to the forest management
unit. In this paper, we review existing forest growth and ecosystem models from the point of
view of applicability to prediction of indicators of sustainable management, focusing on stand scale models
and management. To do this, we first present a conceptual framework for understanding the role of
models in assessing forest management at the stand level in the context of sustainability criteria and
indicators. We classify the criteria into those predictable using models operating at the stand scale,
and those derivable either through scaling up or as solutions of a multi-objective management optimisation
problem.
We conclude that to date, no comprehensive models exist that could be used to predict all the indicators
simultaneously. The most promising approach seems to be a modular system where different models
are combined and run simultaneously, with shared inputs and well defined mutual links. More modelling
efforts are needed especially regarding the state of the soil, including carbon, nitrogen and water balances
and physical effects. Models also need development in their ability to deal with heterogeneous stand
structures and with non-woody forest products such as berries, mushrooms or cork. The outputs of
the models need to be developed in a direction where they can be interpreted in terms of the recreational
or biodiversity value of the forest.
Data requirements are most pronounced on the same issues as the gaps in model availability. It would
be important to consider amending the national forest inventories and other similar standard data collection
protocols with variables required for sustainability assessment. Importantly, combining different
models in a modular system and with variable data sources requires advanced model parameterisation
and evaluation methods and assessment of parameter and model uncertainty. The probabilistic, Bayesian
approaches hold a lot of promise in this respect. Predictions using several different models or model systems,
with systematic analysis of e.g. inter-model variability, could also be considered
Reverse knowledge transfer in emerging market multinationals: The Indian context

This study examines knowledge acquisitions of Indian multinationals via overseas mergers and acquisitions. Specifically, the paper examines the effects of the perceived subsidiary capability, parent absorptive capacity, and the relevance of the target knowledge on reverse knowledge transfer. Using firm level data from a survey of Indian multinationals (with overseas acquisitions), we find that perceived subsidiary capability, knowledge relevance, and absorptive capacity positively influence reverse knowledge transfer. The results also highlight the moderating role of knowledge relevance and the mediating effects of absorptive capacity
Greenland surface mass-balance observations from the ice-sheet ablation area and local glaciers

Glacier surface mass-balance measurements on Greenland started more than a century ago, but no compilation exists of the observations from the ablation area of the ice sheet and local glaciers. Such data could be used in the evaluation of modelled surface mass balance, or to document changes in glacier melt independently from model output. Here, we present a comprehensive database of Greenland glacier surface mass-balance observations from the ablation area of the ice sheet and local glaciers. The database spans the 123 a from 1892 to 2015, contains a total of ~3000 measurements from 46 sites, and is openly accessible through the PROMICE web portal (http://www.promice.dk). For each measurement we provide X, Y and Z coordinates, starting and ending dates as well as quality flags. We give sources for each entry and for all metadata. Two thirds of the data were collected from grey literature and unpublished archive documents. Roughly 60% of the measurements were performed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS, previously GGU). The data cover all regions of Greenland except for the southernmost part of the east coast, but also emphasize the importance of long-term time series of which there are only two exceeding 20 a. We use the data to analyse uncertainties in point measurements of surface mass balance, as well as to estimate surface mass-balance profiles for most regions of Greenland
Spatial Sensory Organization and Body Representation in Pain Perception

Pain is a subjective experience that protects the body. This function implies a special relation between the brain mechanisms underlying pain perception and representation of the body. All sensory systems involve the body for the trivial reason that sensory receptors are located in the body. The nociceptive system of detecting noxious stimuli comprises two classes of peripheral afferents, Aδ and C nociceptors, that cover almost the entire body surface. We review evidence from experimental studies of pain in humans and other animals suggesting that Aδ skin nociceptors project to a spatially-organised, somatotopic map in the primary somatosensory cortex. While the relation between pain perception and homeostatic regulation of bodily systems is widely acknowledged, the organization of nociceptive information into spatial maps of the body has received little attention. Importantly, the somatotopic neural organization of pain systems can shed light on pain-related plasticity and pain modulation. Finally, we show that the neural coding of noxious stimuli, and consequent experience of pain, are both strongly influenced when cognitive representations of the body are activated by viewing the body, as opposed to viewing another object — an effect we term ‘visual analgesia’. We argue that pain perception involves some of the representational properties of exteroceptive senses, such as vision and touch. Pain, however, has the unique feature that the content of representation is the body itself, rather than any external object of perception. We end with some suggestions regarding how linking pain to body representation could shed light on clinical conditions, notably chronic pain
Action observation and motor imagery in performance of complex movements: Evidence from EEG and kinematics analysis

Motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) are considered effective cognitive tools for motor learning, but little work directly compared their cortical activation correlate in relation with subsequent performance. We compared AO and MI in promoting early learning of a complex four-limb, hand?foot coordination task, using electroencephalographic (EEG) and kinematic analysis. Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned into three groups to perform a training period in which AO watched a video of the task, MI had to imagine it, and Control (C) was involved in a distracting computation task. Subjects were then asked to actually perform the motor task with kinematic measurement of error time with respect to the correct motor performance. EEG was recorded during baseline, training and task execution, with task-related power (TRPow) calculation for sensorimotor (alpha and beta) rhythms reactive with respect to rest. During training, the AO group had a stronger alpha desynchronization than the MI and C over frontocentral and bilateral parietal areas. However, during task execution, AO group had greater beta synchronization over bilateral parietal regions than MI and C groups. This beta synchrony furthermore demonstrated the strongest association with kinematic errors, which was also significantly lower in AO than in MI. These data suggest that sensorimotor activation elicited by action observation enhanced motor learning according to motor performance, corresponding to a more efficient activation of cortical resources during task execution. Action observation may be more effective than motor imagery in promoting early learning of a new complex coordination task
Optimizing domain decomposition in an ocean model: the case of NEMO

Earth System Models are critical tools for the study of our climate and its future trends. These models are in constant evolution and their growing complexity entails an incrementing demand of the resources they require. Since the cost of using these state-of-the-art models is huge, looking closely at the factors that are able to impact their computational performance is mandatory. In the case of the state-of-the-art ocean model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), used in many projects around the world, not enough attention has been given to the domain decomposition. In this work we show the impact that the selection of a particular domain decomposition can have on computational performance and how the proposed methodology substantially improves it.The research leading to these results has received funding from the EU H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement no 675191 and by the Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad (MINECO) under grant TIN201453234C21RPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Synchronized activity in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs and vomeronasal amygdala elicited by chemical signals in freely behaving mice

Chemosensory processing in mammals involves the olfactory and vomeronasal systems, but how the activity of both circuits is integrated is unknown. In our study, we recorded the electrophysiological activity in the olfactory bulbs and the vomeronasal amygdala in freely behaving mice exploring a battery of neutral and conspecific stimuli. The exploration of stimuli, including a neutral stimulus, induced synchronic activity in the olfactory bulbs characterized by a dominant theta rhythmicity, with specific theta-gamma coupling, distinguishing between vomeronasal and olfactory structures. The correlated activation of the bulbs suggests a coupling between the stimuli internalization in the nasal cavity and the vomeronasal pumping. In the amygdala, male stimuli are preferentially processed in the medial nucleus, whereas female cues induced a differential response in the posteromedial cortical amygdala. Thus, particular theta-gamma patterns in the olfactory network modulates the integration of chemosensory information in the amygdala, allowing the selection of an appropriate behaviour
Using Clouds to Scale Grid Resources: An Economic Model

Infrastructure as a Service clouds are a flexible and fast way to obtain (virtual) resources as demand varies. Grids, on the other hand, are middleware platforms able to combine resources from different administrative domains for task execution. Clouds can be used by grids as providers of devices such as virtual machines, so they only use the resources they need. But this requires grids to be able to decide when to allocate and release those resources. Here we introduce and analyze by simulations an economic mechanism (a) to set resource prices and (b) resolve when to scale resources depending on the users’ demand. This system has a strong emphasis on fairness, so no user hinders the execution of other users’ tasks by getting too many resources.\ud
Our simulator is based on the well-known GridSim software for grid simulation, which we expand to simulate infrastructure clouds. The results show how the proposed system can successfully adapt the amount of allocated resources to the demand, while at the same time ensuring that resources are fairly shared among users
Low cycle fatigue life improvement of AISI 304 by initial and intermittent wire brush hammering

The effects of hammering by wire brush as a method of improving low cycle fatigue life of highly ductile austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 have been investigated through an experimental study combining imposed strain fatigue tests and assessment of surface characteristic changes under cyclic loading by SEM examinations and XRD analysis. It has been shown that the fatigue life of wire brush hammered surface was increased by 307% at an imposed strain rate of 0.2% and only 17% at an imposed strain rate of 0.5%, comparatively to the turned surface. This increase in fatigue life is explained in terms of fatigue damage that is related to crack networks characteristics and stability which are generated during fatigue on both turned and wire brush hammered surfaces. The improvement of brushed surface is attributed to the role of the surface topography, the near surface stabilized compressive residual stresses and superﬁ-cial cold work hardening on the fatigue crack network nucleation and growth. It is found that wire brush hammering produces a surface texture that favors, under cyclic loading, nucleation of randomly dispersed short cracks of the order of 40 lm in length stabilized by the compressive residual stress ﬁeld that reached a value of r0 = 749 MPa. In contrast, turned surface showed much longer unstable cracks of the order of 200 lm in length nucleated in the machining groves with high tendency to propagate under the effect of tensile residual stress ﬁeld that reached value of r0 = 476 MPa. This improvement is limited to strain rates lower than 0.5%. At higher strain rates, a cyclic plastic deformation induced martensitic phase alters furthermore the fatigue behavior by producing high cyclic strengthening of the bulk mate-rial. This phenomenon lead to a reduction in strain imposed fatigue life. It has also been established that wire brush hammering can be used as an onsite surface treatment to improve the residual fatigue life of components subjected to cyclic loading. The efﬁciency of this treatment is demonstrated if it is performed at a fraction of service lifetime Ni/Nr lower than 0.5
Plasmon-enhanced molecular fluorescence from an organic film in a tunnel junction

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-excited molecular fluorescence from H2TBP porphyrin (H2TBPP) thin films on Au (111), Ag, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces has been investigated in air. Molecular fluorescence was observed from the H2TBPP films on Au and Ag, but it was extremely weak or undetectable from films on HOPG and ITO. The maximum intensity of molecular fluorescence from H2TBPP/Ag is at least 100 times stronger than that from H2TBPP/HOPG. Strong enhancement of molecular excitation by substrate surface plasmons is suggested for the STM-excited molecular fluorescence from H2TBPP only on the noble metal substrates
Random matrix theory for portfolio optimization: a stability approach

We apply Random Matrix Theory (RMT) on an empirically-measured financial correlation matrix, C, and show that this matrix contains a large amount of noise.  In order to determine the sensitivity of the spectral properties of a random matrix to noise, we simulate a set of data and add different volumes of random noise.  Having ascertained that the eigenspectrum is independent of the standard deviation of added noise, we use RMT to determine the noise percentage in a correlation matrix based on real data from S&P500.  Eigenvalue and eigenvector analyses are applied and the experimental results for each of them are presented to identify qualitatively and quantitatively different spectral properties of the empirical correlation matrix to a random counterpart.  Finally we attempt to separate the noisy part from the non-noisy part of C.  We apply an existing technique to cleaning C and then discuss its associated problems.  We propose a technique of filtering C which has many advantages, from a stability point of view over the existing method of cleaning
Defect-induced room temperature ferromagnetism in B-doped ZnO

ZnO microrods were grown on glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis method and boron was doped into the ZnO microrods by diffusion. X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the incorporation of B leads to a slight reduction in the deposit texture. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the morphology of the ZnO samples changed from a microrod to nanocrystalline structure with B-doping. Photoluminescence data indicate that B-doping leads to a relative increase of the unstructured green band intensity. Magnetic measurements revealed that B-doped ZnO samples exhibited room temperature ferromagnetism related to defects, in agreement with first principles theoretical calculations
A Modal View of the Semantics of Theoretical Sentences

Modal logic has been applied in many different areas, as reasoning about time, knowledge and belief, necessity and possibility, to mention only some examples. In the present paper, an attempt is made to use modal logic to account for the semantics of theoretical sentences in scientific language. Theoretical sentences have been studied extensively since the work of Ramsey and Carnap. The present attempt at a modal analysis is motivated by there being several intended interpretations of the theoretical terms once these terms are introduced through the axioms of a theory.   \u