pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Release-Dependent Variations in Synaptic Latency: A Putative Code for Short- and Long-Term Synaptic Dynamics

SummaryIn the cortex, synaptic latencies display small variations (∼1–2 ms) that are generally considered to be negligible. We show here that the synaptic latency at monosynaptically connected pairs of L5 and CA3 pyramidal neurons is determined by the presynaptic release probability (Pr): synaptic latency being inversely correlated with the amplitude of the postsynaptic current and sensitive to manipulations of Pr. Changes in synaptic latency were also observed when Pr was physiologically regulated in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity. Paired-pulse depression and facilitation were respectively associated with increased and decreased synaptic latencies. Similarly, latencies were prolonged following induction of presynaptic LTD and reduced after LTP induction. We show using the dynamic-clamp technique that the observed covariation in latency and synaptic strength is a synergistic combination that significantly affects postsynaptic spiking. In conclusion, amplitude-related variation in latency represents a putative code for short- and long-term synaptic dynamics in cortical networks
Surveillance of antibiotic resistance evolution and detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in human isolates of multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium obtained in Uruguay between 1976 and 2000

SummaryObjectivesTo study the evolution of antibiotic resistance in isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) obtained in Uruguay between the years 1976 and 2000, and to determine the incidence of class 1 and 2 integrons in the multi-resistant isolates.MethodsWe studied 258 strains of Salmonella Typhimurium from various sources, isolated between 1976 and 2000. We determined the evolution of antibiotic resistance and the distribution of class 1 and 2 integrons in all isolates by means of disk diffusion assays and PCR.ResultsDuring the period 1989–2000 resistance to streptomycin was 56.8%, tetracycline 13.6%, sulfonamides 11.2%, and ampicillin 7.2%. Resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid were lower than 5%; no resistance was detected to fluoroquinolones, oxyiminocephalosporins, and amikacin. These results show a dramatic decrease with respect to values found in the period 1976–1988. In this period, resistance to streptomycin was 63.2%, tetracycline 36.8%, sulfonamides 32.3%, and ampicillin 27.8%. Throughout the two periods, 29 multi-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains were isolated harboring some class of integron: 15 strains had only intI2, 11 strains presented both intI1 and intI2, and three isolates only intI1.ConclusionsOur results show a marked decrease in resistance throughout these years, along with a correlation between resistance to different antibiotics and the presence of integrons
Mental flexibility impairment in drivers with early Alzheimer's disease: A simulator-based study

AbstractAfter memory impairment, one of the most common troubles of early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the impairment of executive functioning. However, it can have major consequences on daily life, notably on the driving activity. The present study focused on one important executive function involved in driving: mental flexibility; and considered how this impairment can affect driving. Ten patients with early AD were matched with 29 healthy older drivers. All participants were given an evaluation of mental flexibility through neuropsychological tests and an experimental test developed on a static driving simulator. The experiment was divided in two conditions; one without mental flexibility and another condition with a mental flexibility demand. AD patients showed impairments in the neuropsychological tests evaluating mental flexibility. These deficits are linked to the deficits they showed in the driving simulator flexibility tests. This study contributes to the understanding of mental flexibility mechanisms and on their role in driving activity. It also confirms that the driving simulator is a suitable tool to explore cognitive disorders and driving ability
On the surface of superfluids.

Developing on a recent work on localized bubbles of ordinary relativistic fluids, we study the comparatively richer leading order surface physics of relativistic superfluids, coupled to an arbitrary stationary background metric and gauge field in 3 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions. The analysis is performed with the help of a Euclidean effective action in one lower dimension, written in terms of the superfluid Goldstone mode, the shape-field (characterizing the surface of the superfluid bubble) and the background fields. We find new terms in the ideal order constitutive relations of the superfluid surface, in both the parity-even and parity-odd sectors, with the corresponding transport coefficients entirely fixed in terms of the first order bulk transport coefficients. Some bulk transport coefficients even enter and modify the surface thermodynamics. In the process, we also evaluate the stationary first order parity-odd bulk currents in 2 + 1 dimensions, which follows from four independent terms in the superfluid effective action in that sector. In the second part of the paper, we extend our analysis to stationary surfaces in 3 + 1 dimensional Galilean superfluids via the null reduction of null superfluids in 4 + 1 dimensions. The ideal order constitutive relations in the Galilean case also exhibit some new terms similar to their relativistic counterparts. Finally, in the relativistic context, we turn on slow but arbitrary time dependence and answer some of the key questions regarding the time-dependent dynamics of the shape-field using the second law of thermodynamics. A linearized fluctuation analysis in 2 + 1 dimensions about a toy equilibrium configuration reveals some new surface modes, including parity-odd ones. Our framework can be easily applied to model more general interfaces between distinct fluid-phases
Measurement of key resonance states for the 40P(p,g)31S reaction rate, and the production of intermediate-mass elements in nova explosions

We report the first experimental constraints on spectroscopic factors and strengths of key resonances in the 30P(p, γ)31Sreaction critical for determining the production of intermediate-mass elements up to Ca in nova ejecta. The 30P(d, n)31Sreaction was studied in inverse kinematics using the GRETINA γ-ray array to measure the angle-integrated cross-sections of states above the proton threshold. In general, negative-parity states are found to be most strongly produced but the absolute values of spectroscopic factors are typically an order of magnitude lower than predicted by the shell-model calculations employing WBP Hamiltonian for the negative-parity states. The results clearly indicate the dominance of a single 3/2−resonance state at 196 keV in the region of nova burning T≈0.10–0.17GK, well within the region of interest for nova nucleosynthesis. Hydrodynamic simulations of nova explosions have been performed to demonstrate the effect on the composition of nova ejecta.Postprint (published version
A search for resonances decaying into a Higgs boson and a new particle
  $X$ in the $XH \to qqbb$ final state with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy resonances decaying into a Higgs boson ($H$) and a new
particle ($X$) is reported, utilizing 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision
data at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV collected during 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS
detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The particle $X$ is assumed to
decay to a pair of light quarks, and the fully hadronic final state $XH
\rightarrow q\bar q'b\bar b$ is analysed. The search considers the regime of
high $XH$ resonance masses, where the $X$ and $H$ bosons are both highly
Lorentz-boosted and are each reconstructed using a single jet with large radius
parameter. A two-dimensional phase space of $XH$ mass versus $X$ mass is
scanned for evidence of a signal, over a range of $XH$ resonance mass values
between 1 TeV and 4 TeV, and for $X$ particles with masses from 50 GeV to 1000
GeV. All search results are consistent with the expectations for the background
due to Standard Model processes, and 95% CL upper limits are set, as a function
of $XH$ and $X$ masses, on the production cross-section of the $XH\rightarrow
q\bar q'b\bar b$ resonance.Comment: 36 pages in total, author list starting page 20, 7 figures, 0 tables,
  published in PLB, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2017-04
Combining clinical variables to optimize prediction of antidepressant treatment outcomes.

The outcome of treatment with antidepressants varies markedly across people with the same diagnosis. A clinically significant prediction of outcomes could spare the frustration of trial and error approach and improve the outcomes of major depressive disorder through individualized treatment selection. It is likely that a combination of multiple predictors is needed to achieve such prediction. We used elastic net regularized regression to optimize prediction of symptom improvement and remission during treatment with escitalopram or nortriptyline and to identify contributing predictors from a range of demographic and clinical variables in 793 adults with major depressive disorder. A combination of demographic and clinical variables, with strong contributions from symptoms of depressed mood, reduced interest, decreased activity, indecisiveness, pessimism and anxiety significantly predicted treatment outcomes, explaining 5-10% of variance in symptom improvement with escitalopram. Similar combinations of variables predicted remission with area under the curve 0.72, explaining approximately 15% of variance (pseudo R(2)) in who achieves remission, with strong contributions from body mass index, appetite, interest-activity symptom dimension and anxious-somatizing depression subtype. Escitalopram-specific outcome prediction was more accurate than generic outcome prediction, and reached effect sizes that were near or above a previously established benchmark for clinical significance. Outcome prediction on the nortriptyline arm did not significantly differ from chance. These results suggest that easily obtained demographic and clinical variables can predict therapeutic response to escitalopram with clinically meaningful accuracy, suggesting a potential for individualized prescription of this antidepressant drug
Optimal tolerance regions for future regression vector and residual sum of squares of multiple regression model with multivariate spherically contoured errors

This paper considers multiple regression model with multivariate spherically symmetric errors to determine optimal β-expectation tolerance regions for the future regression vector (FRV) and future residual sum of squares (FRSS) by using the prediction distributions of some appropriate functions of future responses. The prediction distribution of the FRV, conditional on the observed responses, is multivariate Student-t distribution. Similarly, the prediction distribution of the FRSS is a beta distribution. The optimal β-expectation tolerance regions for the FRV and FRSS have been obtained based on the F -distribution and beta distribution, respectively. The results in this paper are applicable for multiple regression model with normal and Student-t errors
Neuropilin-2 regulates the development of selective cranial and sensory nerves and hippocampal mossy fiber projections

Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 bind differentially to different class 3 semaphorins and are thought to provide the ligand-binding moieties in receptor complexes mediating repulsive responses to these semaphorins. Here, we have studied the function of neuropilin-2 through analysis of a neuropilin-2 mutant mouse, which is viable and fertile. Repulsive responses of sympathetic and hippocampal neurons to Sema3F but not to Sema3A are abolished in the mutant. Marked defects are observed in the development of several cranial nerves, in the initial central projections of spinal sensory axons, and in the anterior commissure, habenulo-interpeduncular tract, and the projections of hippocampal mossyfiber axons in the infrapyramidal bundle. Our results show that neuropilin-2 is an essential component of the Sema3F receptor and identify key roles for neuropilin-2 in axon guidance in the PNS and CNS
Measurement of the Drell-Yan cross section in pp collisions at  \sqrt {s} = 7  TeV

The Drell-Yan differential cross section is measured in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, from a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The cross section measurement, normalized to the measured cross section in the Z region, is reported for both the dimuon and dielectron channels in the dilepton invariant mass range 15-600 GeV. The normalized cross section values are quoted both in the full phase space and within the detector acceptance. The effect of final state radiation is also identified. The results are found to agree with theoretical predictions
Male–female interaction and temperature variation affect pollen performance in Citrus

Despite the extensive research work characterizing pollen performance in several plant species, less effort has been made to characterize it in some economically important species as Citrus, in which the failure of the sexual reproductive process, and subsequent parthenocarpic fruit development and seedlessness are prized characters. In this work we characterized pollen–pistil interaction in the three ancestral true-type Citrus species in order to determine the influence of the male and female genotypes, as well as of the temperature regime on pollen performance. Specifically, we characterized the effect of temperature on pollen grain germination in vitro, and on pollen tube growth in vivo in cut flowers and in planta under field temperature conditions. Results obtained showed that temperature variation has a strong effect on pollen germination, and on pollen tube kinetics and on their population size depending on the specific male–female combination. The optimum temperature for pollen germination in vitro was of 25 °C, while the most favorable temperature to accelerate in vivo pollen tube growth depended on the particular male–female interaction and ranged between 15 and 25 °C. Furthermore, temperature appears to have an effect on self-incompatibility reaction by affecting the place where pollen tubes are arrested. Overall, our results show that pollen performance is not only an inherent characteristic of the pollen genotype, but is largely dependent on the particular male–female combination and on genotype–temperature interactions
Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at \sqrt{s} = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton–proton and lead–lead collisions at nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |η|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon–nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities
EU Fiscal Stance Vulnerability: Are the Old Members the Gold Members?

This paper investigates the effect of aggregate shocks on the fiscal stance of the EU, and of its old (OMS) and new (NMS) member states over a business cycle. The fiscal stance is measured by the government deficit. To study the impact of aggregate shocks, we use impulse responses derived from a pooled structural vector autoregression model estimated on annual panel data. We find that the fiscal deficits of OMS could be vulnerable to discretionary changes in government expenditures and revenues. In contrast, the fiscal stance of NMS shows vulnerability to GDP shocks, because the increase in revenues after a positive GDP shock is often outpaced by greater expenditure increases in NMS. The estimated fiscal vulnerabilities stem from disproportionate policy responses concerning government expenditures and a lacking discipline to control pro-cyclical fiscal spending. Our findings for the EU thus support application of fiscal rules focused on government expenditure rather than other fiscal variables.
New members of the tomato ERF family show specific expression pattern\ud
and diverse DNA-binding capacity to the GCC box element

Four new members of the ERF (ethylene-response\ud
factor) family of plant-speci¢c DNA-binding (GCC box) factors\ud
were isolated from tomato fruit (LeERF1^4). Phylogenetic\ud
analysis indicated that LeERF2 belongs to a new ERF class,\ud
characterized by a conserved N-terminal signature sequence.\ud
Expression patterns and cis/trans binding a⁄nities di¡ered between\ud
the LeERFs. Combining experimental data and modeled\ud
three-dimensional analysis, it was shown that binding a⁄nity of\ud
the LeERFs was a¡ected by both the variation of nucleotides\ud
surrounding the DNA cis-element sequence and the nature of\ud
critical amino acid residues within the ERF domain
Human complement factor H

We isolated cDNA clones coding for the functionally important tryptic N-terminal38-
kDa fragment of human complement control protein factor H using polyclonal and
monoclonal antibodies to screen a human liver cDNA library cloned in a bacterial
expression vector, PEX-1. By testing the reactivity of antibodies specific for the
recombinant proteins produced by individual clones with proteolytic fragments of
serum H the exact position of these cDNA clones within H was mapped. One clone,
H-19, coding for the 38-kDa fragment of H was sequenced and found to code for 289
amino acids derived from the 38-kDa N-terminal fragment as well as for the first 108
amino acids belonging to the complementary 142-kDa tryptic fragment. The derived
protein sequence could be arranged in 6 highly homologous repeats of about 60 amino
acids each, the homology between the repeats being determined by the characteristic
position of cysteine, proline, glycine, tyrosine and tryptophane residues. The region
coding for the epitope recognized by one of our monoclonal antibodies was localized
by subcloning restriction fragments of H-19 into the expression plasmid and testing
for the expression of this epitope.
Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Across Europe: A Multicentre Observational Study

Contains fulltext :
                  177572.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Pneumocystis jirovecii is an airborne human-specific ascomycetous fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, affecting >500,000 patients per year (www.gaffi.org). The understanding of its epidemiology is limited by the lack of standardised culture. Recent genotyping data suggests a limited genetic diversity of P. jirovecii. The objective of the study was to assess the diversity of P. jirovecii across European hospitals and analyse P. jirovecii diversity in respect to clinical data obtained from the patients. Genotyping was performed using six already validated short tandem repeat (STR) markers on 249 samples (median: 17 per centre interquartile range [11-20]) from PCP patients of 16 European centres. Mixtures of STR markers (i.e., >/=2 alleles for >/=1 locus) were detected in 67.6% (interquartile range [61.4; 76.5]) of the samples. Mixture was significantly associated with the underlying disease of the patient, with an increased proportion in HIV patients (78.3%) and a decreased proportion in renal transplant recipients (33.3%) (p<0.001). The distribution of the alleles was significantly different (p<0.001) according to the centres in three out of six markers. In analysable samples, 201 combinations were observed corresponding to 137 genotypes: 116 genotypes were country-specific; 12 in two; six in three; and two in four and one in five countries. Nine genotypes were recorded more than once in a given country. Genotype 123 (Gt123) was significantly associated with France (14/15, p<0.001) and Gt16 with Belgium (5/5, p<0.001). More specifically, Gt123 was observed mainly in France (14/15/16 patients) and in renal transplant patient (13/15). Our study showed the wide population diversity across Europe, with evidence of local clusters of patients harbouring a given genotype. These data suggest a specific association between genotype and underlying disease, with evidence of a different natural history of PCP in HIV patients and renal transplant recipients
Algorithmic analysis of polygonal hybrid systems, part II : phase portrait and tools

Polygonal differential inclusion systems (SPDI) are a subclass of planar hybrid automata which can be represented by piecewise constant differential inclusions. The reachability problem as well as the computation of certain objects of the phase portrait is decidable. In this paper we show how to compute the viability, controllability and invariance kernels, as well as semi-separatrix curves for SPDIs. We also present the tool SPeeDI+, which implements a reachability algorithm and computes phase portraits of SPDIs.peer-reviewe
Entanglement shadows in LLM geometries.

We find a new example of an asymptotically AdS5 × S5 geometry which has an entanglement shadow: that is, a region of spacetime which no Ryu-Takayanagi minimal surface enters. Our example is a particular case of the supersymmetric LLM geometries. Our results illustrate how minimal surfaces, which holographically geometrize entanglement entropy, can fail to probe the whole of spacetime, posing a challenge for attempts to directly reconstruct holographic geometries from the entanglement entropies of the dual field theory. We also comment on the relation to previous investigations of minimal surfaces localised in the S5 factor of AdS5 × S5
The Appropriateness of Default Investment Options in Defined Contribution Plans: Australian Evidence

For participants in defined contribution (DC) plans who refrain from exercising investment choice, plan contributions are invested following the default investment option of their respective plans. Since default investment options of different plans vary widely in terms of their benchmark asset allocation, the most important determinant of investment performance, participants enrolled in these options face significantly different wealth outcomes at retirement. This paper simulates the terminal wealth outcomes under different static asset allocation strategies to evaluate their relative appeal as default investment choice in DC plans. We find that strategies with moderate allocation to stocks are consistently outperformed in terms of upside potential of exceeding the participant's wealth accumulation target at retirement as well as downside risk of falling below that target outcome by very aggressive strategies whose allocation to stocks approach 100%. The risk of extremely adverse wealth outcomes for plan participants also does not appear to be very sensitive to asset allocation. Our evidence suggests the appropriateness of strategies heavily tilted towards stocks to be nominated as default investment options in DC plans unless plan providers emphasize predictability of wealth outcomes over adequacy of retirement wealth.Full Tex