pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
$^{3}_{\Lambda}\mathrm H$ and $^{3}_{\bar{\Lambda}} \overline{\mathrm
  H}$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

The production of the hypertriton nuclei $^{3}_{\Lambda}\mathrm H$ and
$^{3}_{\bar{\Lambda}} \overline{\mathrm H}$ has been measured for the first
time in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE
experiment at LHC energies. The total yield, d$N$/d$y$ $\times
\mathrm{B.R.}_{\left( ^{3}_{\Lambda}\mathrm H \rightarrow
^{3}\mathrm{He},\pi^{-} \right)} = \left( 3.86 \pm 0.77 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm
0.68 (\mathrm{syst.})\right) \times 10^{-5}$ in the 0-10% most central
collisions, is consistent with the predictions from a statistical thermal model
using the same temperature as for the light hadrons. The coalescence parameter
$B_3$ shows a dependence on the transverse momentum, similar to the $B_2$ of
deuterons and the $B_3$ of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ nuclei. The ratio of yields $S_3$
= $^{3}_{\Lambda}\mathrm H$/($^{3}\mathrm{He}$ $\times \Lambda/\mathrm{p}$) was
measured to be $S_3$ = 0.60 $\pm$ 0.13 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.21 (syst.) in 0-10%
centrality events; this value is compared to different theoretical models. The
measured $S_3$ is fully compatible with thermal model predictions. The measured
$^{3}_{\Lambda}\mathrm H$ lifetime, $ \tau = 181^{+54}_{-39} (\mathrm{stat.})
\pm 33 (\mathrm{syst.})\ \mathrm{ps}$ is compatible within 1$\sigma$ with the
world average value.Comment: 21 pages, 7 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 16,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/170
Cometary charge exchange diagnostics in UV and X‐ray

Since the initial discovery of cometary charge exchange emission, more than 20 comets have been observed with a variety of X‐ray and UV observatories. This observational sample offers a broad variety of comets, solar wind environments and observational conditions. It clearly demonstrates that solar wind charge exchange emission provides a wealth of diagnostics, which are visible as spatial, temporal, and spectral emission features. We review the possibilities and limitations of each of those in this contribution (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons--structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation.

Human auditory nerve afferents consist of two separate systems; one is represented by the large type I cells innervating the inner hair cells and the other one by the small type II cells innervating the outer hair cells. Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) constitute 96% of the afferent nerve population and, in contrast to other mammals, their soma and pre- and post-somatic segments are unmyelinated. Type II nerve soma and fibers are unmyelinated. Histopathology and clinical experience imply that human SGNs can persist electrically excitable without dendrites, thus lacking connection to the organ of Corti. The biological background to this phenomenon remains elusive. We analyzed the pre- and post-somatic segments of the type I human SGNs using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in normal and pathological conditions. These segments were found surrounded by non-myelinated Schwann cells (NMSCs) showing strong intracellular expression of laminin-β2/collagen IV. These cells also bordered the perikaryal entry zone and disclosed surface rugosities outlined by a folded basement membrane (BM) expressing laminin-β2 and collagen IV. It is presumed that human large SGNs are demarcated by three cell categories: (a) myelinated Schwann cells, (b) NMSCs and (c) satellite glial cells (SGCs). Their BMs express laminin-β2/collagen IV and reaches the BM of the sensory epithelium at the habenula perforata. We speculate that the NMSCs protect SGNs from further degeneration following dendrite loss. It may give further explanation why SGNs can persist as electrically excitable monopolar cells even after long-time deafness, a blessing for the deaf treated with cochlear implantation
Protective coatings for intraocular wirelessly controlled microrobots for implantation: Corrosion, cell culture, andin vivoanimal tests

Diseases in the ocular posterior segment are a leading cause of blindness. The surgical skills required to treat them are at the limits of human manipulation ability, and involve the risk of permanent retinal damage. Instrument tethering and design limit accessibility within the eye. Wireless microrobots suturelessly injected into the posterior segment, steered using magnetic manipulation are proposed for procedures involving implantation. Biocompatibility is a prerequisite for these procedures. This article investigates the use of polypyrrole- and gold-coated cobalt-nickel microrobots. While gold has been used in ocular implants, no ocular implantation involving polypyrrole is reported, despite its well-established biocompatibility properties. Coated and uncoated microrobots were investigated for their corrosion properties, and solutions that had contained coated and uncoated microrobots for one week were tested for cytotoxicity by monitoring NIH3T3 cell viability. None of the microrobots showed significant corrosion currents and corrosion potentials were as expected in relation to the intrinsic nobility of the materials. NIH3T3 cell viability was not affected by the release medium, in which coated/uncoated microrobots were stored. In vivo tests inside rabbit eyes were performed using coated microrobots. There were no significant inflammatory responses during the first week after injection. An inflammatory response detected after 2 weeks was likely due to a lack of longer-duration biocompatibility. The results provide valuable information for those who work on implant technology and biocompatibility. Coated microrobots have the potential to facilitate a new generation of surgical treatments, diagnostics and drug-delivery techniques, when implantation in the ocular posterior segment will be possible
Verifying a medical protocol with temporal graphs: The case\ud
of a nosocomial disease

Objective: Our contribution focuses on the implementation of a formal verification approach for medical protocols with graphical temporal reasoning paths to facilitate the understanding of verification steps. Materials and methods: Formal medical guideline specifications and background knowledge are represented through conceptual graphs, and reasoning is based on graph homomorphism. These materials explain the underlying principles or rationale that guide the functioning of verifications. Results: An illustration of this proposal is made using a medical protocol defining guidelines for the monitoring and prevention of nosocomial infections. Such infections, which are acquired in the hospital, increasemorbidity andmortality and add noticeably to economic burden. An evaluation of the use of the graphical verification found that this method aids in the improvement of both clinical knowledge and the quality of actions made.\ud
Discussion: As conceptual graphs, representations based on diagrams can be translated into computational tree logic. However, diagrams are much more natural and explicitly human, emphasizing a theoretical and practical consistency. Conclusion: The proposed approach allows for the visualmodeling of temporal reasoning and a formalization of\ud
knowledge that can assist in the diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial infections and some clinical problems. This is the first time that one emphasizes the temporal situation modeling in conceptual graphs. It will also deliver a formal verification method for clinical guideline analyses
The development of a facial expression scale using footrot and mastitis as models of pain in sheep

Management of pain in sheep is limited by the challenges of recognising and accurately quantifying 35 pain in this species. The use of facial expression scoring to assess pain is a well-utilised, practical tool 36 in both humans and non-human animals. The objective of this study was to develop a standardised 37 facial expression pain scale for adult sheep, that could be used reliably and accurately to detect pain 38 associated with naturally occurring painful diseases, such as footrot and mastitis. We also investigated 39 whether the scale could be reliably and accurately utilised by observers after training, enabling the 40 development of an on-farm pain assessment tool. The Sheep Pain Facial Expression Scale (SPFES) 41 was able to correctly identify sheep suffering from disease with a high degree of accuracy (AUC; 42 Footrot: 0.81, Mastitis: 0.80). Diseased sheep scored higher on the scale than controls on the day of 43 disease identification (P<0.05) and diseased sheep showed changes in their facial expression after 44 treatment (P<0.001). The abnormal facial expressions of diseased sheep reduced over time, and at 45 recovery were in line with control sheep. Control sheep did not change their facial expression over 46 time. Five scorers who were trained to use the developed scale also assessed the facial expressions of 47 sheep. The scorers were blind to treatment and session. Scorers reliably (ICC: 0.86) and accurately (α 48 = 0.86) identified changes in the facial expression of sheep with footrot over time (P<0.05), and 49 scored control sheep consistently low over time. The SPFES offers a reliable and effective method of 50 assessing pain in sheep after minimal training
Measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in transverse momentum and rapidity in proton–proton collisions at 8 TeV

We present a measurement of the Z boson differential cross section in rapidity and transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collision events at a centre-of-mass energy View the MathML sources=8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The Z boson is identified via its decay to a pair of muons. The measurement provides a precision test of quantum chromodynamics over a large region of phase space. In addition, due to the small experimental uncertainties in the measurement the data has the potential to constrain the gluon parton distribution function in the kinematic regime important for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion. The results agree with the next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions computed with the fewz program. The results are also compared to the commonly used leading-order MadGraph and next-to-leading-order powheg generators
Z N twisted orbifold models with magnetic flux

We propose new backgrounds of extra dimensions to lead to four-dimensional chiral models with three generations of matter fermions, that is T 2 /Z N twisted orbifolds with magnetic fluxes. We consider gauge theory on six-dimensional space-time, which contains the T 2 /Z N orbifold with magnetic flux, Scherk-Schwarz phases and Wilson line phases. We classify all the possible Scherk-Schwarz and Wilson line phases on T 2 /Z N orbifolds with magnetic fluxes. The behavior of zero modes is studied. We derive the number of zero modes for each eigenvalue of the Z N twist, showing explicitly examples of wave functions. We also investigate Kaluza-Klein mode functions and mass spectra
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in the eνjj channel in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

21 páginas, 2 figuras, 4 tablas.-- Open access: \ud
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\ud
License 3.0.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A search for pair-production of first generation scalar leptoquarks is performed in the final state containing\ud
an electron, a neutrino, and at least two jets using proton–proton collision data at √s = 7 TeV.\ud
The data were collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity\ud
of 36 pb−1. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions for standard\ud
model processes. Prior CMS results in the dielectron channel are combined with this electron+ neutrino\ud
search. A 95% confidence level combined lower limit is set on the mass of a first generation scalar leptoquark\ud
at 339 GeV for β = 0.5, where β is the branching fraction of the leptoquark to an electron\ud
and a quark. These results represent the most stringent direct limits to date for values of β greater\ud
than 0.05.Acknowledge\ud
support from: FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium);\ud
CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN;\ud
CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES\ud
(Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia);\ud
Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3\ud
(France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA\ud
and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland);\ud
INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV,\ud
CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan);\ud
SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia,\ud
Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia);\ud
MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland);\ud
NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom);\ud
DOE and NSF (USA).Peer reviewe
Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb(-1) of root s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data at root s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale Lambda below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan beta. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2014)103</p
Validity of Type D personality in Iceland: association with disease severity and risk markers in cardiac patients.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Type D personality has been associated with poor prognosis in cardiac patients. This study investigated the validity of the Type D construct in Iceland and its association with disease severity and health-related risk markers in cardiac patients. A sample of 1,452 cardiac patients completed the Type D scale (DS14), and a subgroup of 161 patients completed measurements for the five-factor model of personality, emotional control, anxiety, depression, stress and lifestyle factors. The Icelandic DS14 had good psychometric properties and its construct validity was confirmed. Prevalence of Type D was 26-29%, and assessment of Type D personality was not confounded by severity of underlying coronary artery disease. Regarding risk markers, Type D patients reported more psychopharmacological medication use and smoking, but frequency of previous mental problems was similar across groups. Type D is a valid personality construct in Iceland, and is associated with health-related risk markers, but not cardiac disease severity
Morphometry and pattern of a large sample (>20,000) of Canadian eskers and implications for subglacial drainage beneath ice sheets.

Ice sheet flow is strongly influenced by the nature and quantity of meltwater entering the subglacial system. Accessing and monitoring contemporary drainage systems beneath ice sheets is notoriously difficult, but it is possible to utilise the exposed beds of palaeo-ice sheets. In particular, eskers record deposition in glacial drainage channels and are widespread on the exposed beds of former ice sheets. However, unlike some other common glacial landforms (e.g. drumlins) there have been relatively few attempts to investigate and quantify their characteristics at the ice sheet scale. This paper presents data on the distribution, pattern, and morphometry of a large (>20,000) sample of eskers in Canada, formed under the Laurentide Ice Sheet, including quantification of their length, fragmentation, sinuosity, lateral spacing, number of tributaries, and downstream elevation changes. Results indicate that eskers are typically very long (hundreds of km) and often very straight (mean sinuosity approximates 1). We interpret these long esker systems to reflect time-transgressive formation in long, stable conduits under hydrostatic pressure. The longest eskers (in the Keewatin sector) are also the least fragmented, which we interpret to reflect formation at an ice margin experiencing stable and gradual retreat. In many locations, the lateral distance between neighbouring eskers is remarkably consistent and results indicate a preferred spacing of around 12 km, consistent with numerical models which predict esker spacing of 8–25 km. In other locations, typically over soft sediments, eskers are rarer and their patterns are more chaotic, reflecting fewer large R-channels and rapidly changing ice sheet dynamics. Comparison of esker patterns with an existing ice margin chronology reveals that the meltwater drainage system evolved during deglaciation: eskers became more closely spaced with fewer tributaries as deglaciation progressed, which has been interpreted to reflect increased meltwater supply from surface melt. Eskers show no preference to trend up or down slopes, indicating that ice surface was an important control on their location and that the conduits were, in places, close to ice overburden pressure
A geometric and game-theoretic study of the conjunction of possibility measures.

In this paper, we study the conjunction of possibility measures when they are interpreted as coherent upper probabilities, that is, as upper bounds for some set of probability measures. We identify conditions under which the minimum of two possibility measures remains a possibility measure. We provide graphical way to check these conditions, by means of a zero-sum game formulation of the problem. This also gives us a nice way to adjust the initial possibility measures so their minimum is guaranteed to be a possibility measure. Finally, we identify conditions under which the minimum of two possibility measures is a coherent upper probability, or in other words, conditions under which the minimum of two possibility measures is an exact upper bound for the intersection of the credal sets of those two possibility measures
Risk of depression and self-harm in teenagers identifying with goth subculture : a longitudinal cohort study.

Background Previous research has suggested that deliberate self-harm is associated with contemporary goth subculture\ud
in young people; however, whether this association is confounded by characteristics of young people, their families, and\ud
their circumstances is unclear. We aimed to test whether self-identifi cation as a goth is prospectively associated with\ud
emergence of clinical depression and self-harm in early adulthood.\ud
Methods We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK community-based birth cohort\ud
of 14 541 pregnant women with expected delivery between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. All children in the study were\ud
invited to attend yearly follow-up visits at the research clinic from age 7 years. At 15 years of age, participants reported the\ud
extent to which they self-identifi ed as a goth. We assessed depressive mood and self-harm at 15 years with the Development\ud
and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) questionnaire, and depression and self-harm at 18 years using the Clinical\ud
Interview Schedule-Revised. We calculated the prospective association between goth identifi cation at 15 years and\ud
depression and self-harm at 18 years using logistic regression analyses.\ud
Findings Of 5357 participants who had data available for goth self-identifi cation, 3694 individuals also had data for\ud
depression and self-harm outcomes at 18 years. 105 (6%) of 1841 adolescents who did not self-identify as goths met\ud
criteria for depression compared with 28 (18%) of 154 who identifi ed as goths very much; for self-harm, the fi gures were\ud
189 (10%) of 1841 versus 57 (37%) of 154. We noted a dose–response association with goth self-identifi cation both for\ud
depression and for self-harm. Compared with young people who did not identify as a goth, those who somewhat\ud
identifi ed as being a goth were 1·6 times more likely (unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1·63, 95% CI 1·14–2·34, p<0·001), and\ud
those who very much identifi ed as being a goth were more than three times more likely (unadjusted OR 3·67,\ud
2·33–4·79, p<0·001) to have scores in the clinical range for depression at 18 years; fi ndings were similar for self-harm.\ud
Associations were not attenuated after adjustment for a range of individual, family, and social confounders.\ud
Interpretation Our fi ndings suggest that young people identifying with goth subculture might be at an increased risk for\ud
depression and self-harm. Although our results suggest that some peer contagion operates within the goth community,\ud
our observational fi ndings cannot be used to claim that becoming a goth increases risk of self-harm or depression.\ud
Working with young people in the goth community to identify those at increased risk of depression and self-harm and\ud
provide support might be eff ective.\ud
Funding Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council Programme
Linking a storyline with multiple models : a cross-scale study of the UK power system transition

State-of-the-art scenario exercises in the energy and environment fields argue for combining qualitative storylines with quantitative modelling. This paper proposes an approach for linking a highly detailed storyline with multiple, diverse models. This approach is illustrated through a cross-scale study of the UK power system transition until 2050. The storyline, called Central Co-ordination, is linked with insights from six power system models and two appraisal techniques. First, the storyline is 'translated' into harmonised assumptions on power system targets for the models. Then, a new concept called the landscape of models is introduced. This landscape helps to map the key fields of expertise of individual models, including their temporal, spatial and disciplinary foci. The storyline is then assessed based on the cross-scale modelling results. While the storyline is important for transmitting information about governance and the choices of key actors, many targets aspired in it are inconsistent with modelling results. The storyline overestimates demand reduction levels, uptake of marine renewables and irreplaceability of carbon capture and storage. It underestimates the supply–demand balancing challenge, the need for back-up capacity and the role of nuclear power and interconnectors with Europe. Thus, iteratively linking storylines and models is key