pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Shell evolution and its indication on the isospin dependence of the
  spin-orbit splitting

The available experimental data on shell evolution indicate that the strength
of the spin-orbit (SO) single-particle potential may be enhanced in
neutron-rich nuclei. We observe that such a simple scheme destroys the Harmonic
Oscillator (HO) magic numbers N=8 and 20 and generates new SO magic numbers
like N=6, 14, 16, 32 and 34. The traditional SO magic numbers like N=28 and 50
and N=14 seen in $^{22}$O are eroded somehow in neutron-rich nuclei due to the
sensitivity of larger-$l$ orbitals to the depth of the central potential but
they are more robust than the HO magic numbers. The N=82 shell closure persists
in neutron-rich nuclei while HO shell closures like N=40 and 70 do not emerge.
Both mechanisms contribute to enhancing the N=56 and 90 gaps by splitting the
$1d_{5/2}$ and $0g_{7/2}$ and the $0h_{9/2}$ and $1f_{7/2}$ orbitals.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, version to appear in Phys. Lett. B,
  printer friendl
A spatially homogeneous and isotropic Einstein–Dirac cosmology\ud

We consider a spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model where Dirac spinors are coupled to classical gravity. For the Dirac spinors we choose a Hartree–Fock ansatz where all one-particle wave functions are coherent and have the same momentum. If the scale function is large, the universe behaves like the classical Friedmann dust solution. If however the scale function is small, quantum effects lead to oscillations of the energy-momentum tensor. It is shown numerically and proven analytically that these quantum oscillations can prevent the formation of a big bang or big crunch singularity. The energy conditions are analyzed. We prove the existence of time-periodic solutions which go through an infinite number of expansion and contraction cycles
Patterns in U.S. urban growth (1790–2000)

This paper reconsiders the evolution of the growth of American cities since 1790 in the light of new theories of urban growth. Our null hypothesis for long-term growth is random growth. We obtain evidence supporting random growth against the alternative of mean reversion (convergence) in city sizes using panel unit root tests. We also examine mobility within the distribution to try to extract growth patterns different from the general unit root trend detected. We find evidence of high mobility when we model growth as a first-order Markov process. Finally, using a cluster procedure we find strong evidence in favour of conditional convergence in city growth rates within convergence clubs, which we can interpret as “local” mean-reverting behaviours. Both the high mobility and the results of the clustering analysis seem to indicate a sequential city growth pattern.
Examining the unintended consequences of marketing

While many firms engage in successful marketing activities with outcomes beneficial for both the firm and its stakeholders, a number of situations occur where these successful outcomes impact in an unanticipated negative fashion on consumers, society and other stakeholders. This article examines the importance of firms evaluating the entire network of exchanges. Such evaluations of the firm and other stakeholders are steps toward ensuring that any unintended consequences of marketing activities are not only considered but are also appropriately addressed.<br /
Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

The differential cross section for inclusive particle production as a function of energy in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is measured in the very forward region of the CMS detector. The measurement is based on data collected with the CMS apparatus at the LHC, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 0.34 $μb^{−1}$. The energy is measured in the CASTOR calorimeter, which covers the pseudorapidity region −6.6 < η < −5.2. The results are given as a function of the total energy deposited in CASTOR, as well as of its electromagnetic and hadronic components. The spectra are sensitive to the modeling of multiparton interactions in pp collisions, and provide new constraints for hadronic interaction models used in collider and in high energy cosmic ray physics
Six-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, quantum cohomology of instanton moduli spaces and gl(N) Quantum Intermediate Long Wave Hydrodynamics

We show that the exact partition function of U(N) six-dimensional gauge theory with eight supercharges on ℂ2 × S 2 provides the quantization of the integrable system of hydrodynamic type known as gl(N) periodic Intermediate Long Wave (ILW). We characterize this system as the hydrodynamic limit of elliptic Calogero-Moser integrable system. We compute the Bethe equations from the effective gauged linear sigma model on S 2 with target space the ADHM instanton moduli space, whose mirror computes the Yang-Yang function of gl(N) ILW. The quantum Hamiltonians are given by the local chiral ring observables of the six-dimensional gauge theory. As particular cases, these provide the gl(N) Benjamin-Ono and Korteweg-de Vries quantum Hamiltonians. In the four dimensional limit, we identify the local chiral ring observables with the conserved charges of Heisenberg plus W N algebrae, thus providing a gauge theoretical proof of AGT correspondence. © 2014 The Author(s)
Synthesis, microstructure and thermal expansion studies on Ca0 center dot 5+x/2Sr0 center dot 5+x/2Zr4P6-2x Si-2x O-24 system prepared by co-precipitation method

We report on the synthesis, microstructure and thermal expansion studies on Ca0 center dot 5 + x/2Sr0 center dot 5 + x/2Zr4P6 -aEuro parts per thousand 2x Si-2x O-24 (x = 0 center dot 00 to 1 center dot 00) system which belongs to NZP family of low thermal expansion ceramics. The ceramics synthesized by co-precipitation method at lower calcination and the sintering temperatures were in pure NZP phase up to x = 0 center dot 37. For x a parts per thousand yen 0 center dot 5, in addition to NZP phase, ZrSiO4 and Ca2P2O7 form as secondary phases after sintering. The bulk thermal expansion behaviour of the members of this system was studied from 30 to 850 A degrees C. The thermal expansion coefficient increases from a negative value to a positive value with the silicon substitution in place of phosphorous and a near zero thermal expansion was observed at x = 0 center dot 75. The amount of hysteresis between heating and cooling curves increases progressively from x = 0 center dot 00 to 0 center dot 37 and then decreases for x > 0 center dot 37. The results were analysed on the basis of formation of the silicon based glassy phase and increase in thermal expansion anisotropy with silicon substitution
Repeated nebulisation of non-viral CFTR gene therapy in patients with cystic fi brosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial (vol 3, pg 684, 2015)

Background Lung delivery of plasmid DNA encoding the CFTR gene complexed with a cationic liposome is a potential treatment option for patients with cystic fi brosis. We aimed to assess the effi cacy of non-viral CFTR gene therapy in patients with cystic fi brosis. Methods We did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial in two cystic fi brosis centres with patients recruited from 18 sites in the UK. P atients (aged ≥12 years) with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) of 50–90% predicted and any combination of CFTR mutations, were randomly assigned, via a computer-based randomisation system, to receive 5 mL of either nebulised pGM169/GL67A gene–liposome complex or 0·9% saline (placebo) every 28 days (plus or minus 5 days) for 1 year. Randomisation was stratifi ed by % predicted FEV 1 (<70 vs ≥70%), age (<18 vs ≥18 years), inclusion in the mechanistic substudy, and dosing site (London or Edinburgh). Participants and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was the relative change in % predicted FEV 1 . The primary analysis was per protocol. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01621867. Findings Between June 12, 2012, and June 24, 2013, we randomly assigned 140 patients to receive placebo (n=62) or pGM169/GL67A (n=78), of whom 116 (83%) patients comprised the per -protocol population. We noted a signifi cant, albeit modest, treatment eff ect in the pGM169/GL67A group versus placebo at 12 months’ follow-up (3·7%, 95% CI 0·1–7·3; p=0·046). This outcome was associated with a stabilisation of lung function in the pGM169/GL67A group compared with a decline in the placebo group. We recorded no signifi cant diff erence in treatment-attributable adverse events between groups. Interpretation Monthly application of the pGM169/GL67A gene therapy formulation was associated with a signifi cant, albeit modest, benefi t in FEV 1 compared with placebo at 1 year, indicating a stabilisation of lung function in the treatment group. Further improvements in effi cacy and consistency of response to the current formulation are needed before gene therapy is suitable for clinical care; however, our fi ndings should also encourage the rapid introduction of more potent gene transfer vectors into early phase trials
Construction of a 3He magnetic force microscope with a vector magnet

We constructed a He-3 magnetic force microscope operating at the base temperature of 300 mK under a vector magnetic field of 2-2-9 T in the x-y-z direction. Fiber optic interferometry as a detection scheme is employed in which two home-built fiber walkers are used for the alignment between the cantilever and the optical fiber. The noise level of the laser interferometer is close to its thermodynamic limit. The capabilities of the sub-Kelvin and vector field are demonstrated by imaging the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in a ferromagnetic superconductor (ErNi2B2C) at T = 500 mK and by probing a dipole shape of a single Abrikosov vortex with an in-plane tip magnetization. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.open11
Search for a heavy composite Majorana neutrino in the final state with two leptons and two quarks at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in the final state with two same-flavour leptons (electrons or muons) and two quarks produced in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13TeV is presented. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 $fb^{−1}$. The observed data are in good agreement with the standard model background prediction. The results of the measurement are interpreted in the framework of a recently proposed model in which a heavy Majorana neutrino, $N_\ell$, stems from a composite-fermion scenario. Exclusion limits are set for the first time on the mass of the heavy composite Majorana neutrino, $m_{N_\ell}$, and the compositeness scale $\Lambda$. For the case $m_{N_\ell} = \Lambda$, the existence of $N_e (N_\mu)$ is excluded for masses up to 4.60 (4.70) TeV at 95% confidence level
Quantum cognition beyond Hilbert space: fundamentals and applications

The ‘quantum cognition’ paradigm was recently challenged by its proven impossibility to simultaneously model ‘question order effects’ and ‘response replicability’. In the present article we describe sequential dichotomic measurements within an operational and realistic framework for human cognition, and represent them in a quantum-like ‘extended Bloch representation’, where the Born rule of quantum probability does not necessarily hold. We then apply this mathematical framework to successfully model question order effects, response replicability and unpacking effects, thus opening the way toward ‘quantum cognition beyond Hilbert space’.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Visitor attractions and events :
                    Responding to seasonality

This document is the Author's Original Manuscript (pre-print) version, made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ The final published version is available online via: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.013Seasonality is a protracted problem for the tourism sector due to the uneven nature of demand and the relatively fixed nature of the supply of capacity and resources, particularly in the attraction sector. Managing the demand and supply at an individual business level poses many challenges for attraction infrastructure that is fixed in time and space and has a finite capacity. This paper explores how attraction managers develop and use special events as a tool to address issues of seasonality at a country level. The results show that: 70% of businesses remained open throughout the year, albeit with reduced opening hours to attract more visitors; 39% of attractions that stay open host special events; the local community is a key source market for special events; the periodicity of events and themes engage visitors most effectively. Business responses to seasonality are a more complex issue than conventional tourism research has recognised
Metabolic systems analysis of LPS induced endothelial dysfunction applied to sepsis patient stratification.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesEndothelial dysfunction contributes to sepsis outcome. Metabolic phenotypes associated with endothelial dysfunction are not well characterised in part due to difficulties in assessing endothelial metabolism in situ. Here, we describe the construction of iEC2812, a genome scale metabolic reconstruction of endothelial cells and its application to describe metabolic changes that occur following endothelial dysfunction. Metabolic gene expression analysis of three endothelial subtypes using iEC2812 suggested their similar metabolism in culture. To mimic endothelial dysfunction, an in vitro sepsis endothelial cell culture model was established and the metabotypes associated with increased endothelial permeability and glycocalyx loss after inflammatory stimuli were quantitatively defined through metabolomics. These data and transcriptomic data were then used to parametrize iEC2812 and investigate the metabotypes of endothelial dysfunction. Glycan production and increased fatty acid metabolism accompany increased glycocalyx shedding and endothelial permeability after inflammatory stimulation. iEC2812 was then used to analyse sepsis patient plasma metabolome profiles and predict changes to endothelial derived biomarkers. These analyses revealed increased changes in glycan metabolism in sepsis non-survivors corresponding to metabolism of endothelial dysfunction in culture. The results show concordance between endothelial health and sepsis survival in particular between endothelial cell metabolism and the plasma metabolome in patients with sepsis
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in chemically disordered FePd-FeV(100) alloy thin films

We find that the use of V(100) buffer layers on MgO(001) substrates for the epitaxy of FePd binary alloys yields to the formation at intermediate and high deposition temperatures of a FePd¿FeV mixed phase due to strong V diffusion accompanied by a loss of layer continuity and strong increase of its mosaic spread. Contrary to what is usually found in this kind of systems, these mixed phase structures exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) which is not correlated with the presence of chemical order, almost totally absent in all the fabricated structures, even at deposition temperatures where it is usually obtained with other buffer layers. Thus the observed PMA can be ascribed to the V interdiffusion and the formation of a FeV alloy, being the global sample saturation magnetization also reduced
Large rivers and orogens : The evolution of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Irrawaddy system and the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

This work was supported by a Natural Environmental Research Council Isotope Geosciences Laboratory award (NIGL IP/943/110).The eastern Himalayan syntaxis has experienced some of the highest rates of deformation and erosion in the orogen during the Late Cenozoic, and the Yarlung Tsangpo, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Salween, and Mekong rivers are the key erosional systems in that region. The Yarlung Tsangpo drains southern Tibet and the deep Siang River gorge through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis before joining the Brahmaputra in northeastern India. It has been proposed that the Yarlung Tsangpo drained into other large rivers of southern Asia, such as the Irrawaddy, Salween and Red River. We have used uranium/lead dating and hafnium measurements of detrital zircons from Cenozoic sedimentary deposits in Central Myanmar to demonstrate that the Yarlung Tsangpo formerly drained into the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar through the eastern syntaxis, and that this ancient river system was established by (at least) the Middle–Late Eocene. The Yarlung Tsangpo–Irrawaddy river disconnected in the Early Miocene driven by increased deformation in the eastern syntaxis and headward erosion by tributaries of the Brahmaputra. Our results highlight the significance of the sedimentary record of large orogen-parallel rivers and provide key chronological constraints on landscape evolution during the Early Miocene phase of the Himalayan orogeny.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Investigating local relationships between trace\ud
elements in soils and cancer data

Medical geology research has recognised a number of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, vanadium, uranium and zinc, known to influence human disease by their respective deficiency or toxicity. As the impact of infectious diseases has decreased and the population ages, so cancer has become the most common cause of death in developed countries including Northern Ireland. This research explores the relationship between environmental exposure to PTEs in soil and cancer disease data across Northern Ireland. The incidence of twelve different cancer types (lung, stomach, leukaemia, oesophagus, colorectal, bladder, kidney, breast, mesothelioma, melanoma and non melanoma (NM) both basal and squamous, were examined in the form of twenty-five coded datasets comprising aggregates over the 12 year period from 1993 to 2006. A local modelling technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR) is used to explore the relationship between environmental exposure and cancer disease data. The results show comparisons of the geographical incidence of certain cancers (stomach and NM squamous skin cancer) in relation to concentrations of certain PTEs (arsenic levels in soils and radon were identified).  Findings from the research have implications for regional human health risk assessments
One night’s CPAP withdrawal in otherwise compliant OSA patients: marked driving impairment but good awareness of increased sleepiness

Purpose\ud
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients effectively treated by and compliant with continuous positive air pressure (CPAP) occasionally miss a night’s treatment. The purpose of this study was to use a real car interactive driving simulator to assess the effects of such an occurrence on the next day’s driving, including the extent to which these drivers are aware of increased sleepiness.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
Eleven long-term compliant CPAP-treated 50–75-year-old male OSA participants completed a 2-h afternoon, simulated, realistic monotonous drive in an instrumented car, twice, following one night: (1) normal sleep with CPAP and (2) nil CPAP. Drifting out of road lane (‘incidents’), subjective sleepiness every 200 s and continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) activities indicative of sleepiness and compensatory effort were monitored.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
Withdrawal of CPAP markedly increased sleep disturbance and led to significantly more incidents, a shorter ‘safe’ driving duration, increased alpha and theta EEG power and greater subjective sleepiness. However, increased EEG beta activity indicated that more compensatory effort was being applied. Importantly, under both conditions, there was a highly significant correlation between subjective and EEG measures of sleepiness, to the extent that participants were well aware of the effects of nil CPAP.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
Patients should be aware that compliance with treatment every night is crucial for safe driving
Executive function assessment in children with ASD through ENFEN : Guidance for teachers

During the recent years there are an increasing number of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the schools. Some studies have shown that IQ is a good indicator of their social behaviour, but it cannot give a total explanation. Other researches considered executive functions have an important role both in the social and cognitive deficits in children diagnosed with ASD. Ten children with ASD were assessed through ENFEN and WISC-IV at three schools into a competitive research (I+D+i 2010:19478). The aim is to evaluate the performance of ENFEN as a tool to determine these executive functions (planning, inhibition response, working memory and mental flexibility) more related to the diagnosis with ASD. The results suggest children with ASD show lower performance in executive function, mainly planning and mental flexibility. Besides, a relation between ENFEN, IQ and ADI-R exists whereby children with fewer difficulties in ENFEN performance get a higher IQ and simultaneously lower scores on the ADI-R. Some educational strategies for children with ASD were suggested in order to improve their executive functions in the classroom
Tau anomalous magnetic moment form factor at Super B/Flavor factories

The proposed high-luminosity B/Flavor factories offer new opportunities for
the improved determination of the fundamental physical parameters of standard
heavy leptons. Compared to the electron or the muon case, the magnetic
properties of the $\tau$ lepton are largely unexplored. We show that the
electromagnetic properties of the $\tau$, and in particular its magnetic form
factor, may be measured competitively in these facilities, using unpolarized or
polarized electron beams. Various observables of the $\tau$'s produced on top
of the $\Upsilon$ resonances, such as cross-section and normal polarization for
unpolarized electrons or longitudinal and transverse asymmetries for polarized
beams, can be combined in order to increase the sensitivity on the magnetic
moment form factor. In the case of polarized electrons, we identify a special
combination of transverse and longitudinal $\tau$ polarizations able to
disentangle this anomalous magnetic form factor from both the charge form
factor and the interference with the Z-mediating amplitude. For an integrated
luminosity of $15 \times 10^{18} b^{-1}$ one could achieve a sensitivity of
about $10^{-6}$, which is several orders of magnitude below any other existing
high- or low-energy bound on the magnetic moment. Thus one may obtain a QED
test of this fundamental quantity to a few % precision.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
First evidence for the two-body charmless baryonic decay B0→pp¯

The results of a search for the rare two-body charmless baryonic decays B0→pp¯ and B0s→pp¯ are reported. The analysis uses a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.9 fb−1, of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. An excess of B0→pp¯ candidates with respect to background expectations is seen with a statistical significance of 3.3 standard deviations. This is the first evidence for a two-body charmless baryonic B 0 decay. No significant B0s→pp¯ signal is observed, leading to an improvement of three orders of magnitude over previous bounds. If the excess events are interpreted as signal, the 68.3% confidence level intervals on the branching fractions are B(B0→pp¯)=1.47+0.62+0.35−0.51−0.14×10−8,B(Bs→pp¯)=2.84+2.03+0.85−1.68−0.18×10−8, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic