pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The kappa in E791 data for D->K-pi-pi

A combined fit is made to E791 data on D->K-pi-pi, LASS data on K-pi elastic
scattering, and BES II data on J/Psi->K*(890)-K-pi.In all cases, the K-pi
S-wave is fitted well with a kappa resonance and Ko(1430); the kappa requires
an s-dependent width with an Adler zero near threshold. The pole position of
the kappa is at M - iGamma/2 = (750 +30 -55) - i(342 +- 60) MeV. The E791
collaboration fitted their data using a form factor for the production process
D->kappa-pi. It is shown that this form factor is not needed. The data require
point-like production with an RMS radius <0.38 fm with 95 percent confidence.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected. Material added to explain how a
  pole is possible without the phase shift on the real s-axis going through 90
  degree
Effective theory calculation of resonant high-energy scattering

Tests of the standard model and its hypothetical extensions require precise
theoretical predictions for processes involving massive, unstable particles. It
is well-known that ordinary weak-coupling perturbation theory breaks down due
to intermediate singular propagators. Various pragmatic approaches have been
developed to deal with this difficulty. In this paper we construct an effective
field theory for resonant processes utilizing the hierarchy of scales between
the mass of the unstable particle, M, and its width, Gamma. The effective
theory allows calculations to be systematically arranged into a series in g^2
and Gamma/M, and preserves gauge invariance in every step. We demonstrate the
applicability of this method by calculating explicitly the inclusive line shape
of a scalar resonance in an abelian gauge-Yukawa model at next-to-leading order
in Gamma/M and the weak couplings. We also discuss the extension to
next-to-next-to-leading order and compute an interesting subset of these
corrections.Comment: 45 page
Glueball Regge trajectories and the Pomeron -- a lattice study --

We perform lattice calculations of the lightest J=0,2,4,6 glueball masses in
the D=3+1 SU(3) gauge theory and extrapolate to the continuum limit. Assuming
that these masses lie on linear Regge trajectories we find a leading glueball
trajectory alpha(t)=0.93(24) + 0.28(2)alpha'_R t, where alpha'_R ~ 0.9 GeV^{-2}
is the slope of the usual mesonic Regge trajectory. This glueball trajectory
has an intercept and slope similar to that of the Pomeron trajectory. We
contrast this with the situation in D=2+1 where the leading glueball Regge
trajectory is found to have too small an intercept to be important for
high-energy cross-sections. We interpret the observed states and trajectories
in terms of open and closed string models of glueballs. We discuss the large-N
limit and perform an SU(8) calculation that hints at new states based on closed
strings in higher representations.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
IRAS 18357-0604 - an analogue of the galactic yellow hypergiant IRC
  +10420?

Yellow hypergiants represent a short-lived evolutionary episode experienced
by massive stars as they transit to and from a red supergiant phase. As such,
their properties provide a critical test of stellar evolutionary theory. The
galactic yellow hypergiant IRC +10420 is a cornerstone system for understanding
this phase, since it is the strongest post-RSG candidate known, has
demonstrated real-time evolution across the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and
been subject to extensive mass loss. Here we report on the discovery of a twin
of IRC +10420 - IRAS 18357-0604. Optical and near-IR spectroscopy are used to
investigate the physical properties of IRAS 18357-0604, while IR photometry
probes the nature of its circumstellar environment. Pronounced spectral
similarities between IRAS 18357-0604 and IRC +10420 suggest comparable
temperatures and wind geometries, while photometric data reveals a similarly
dusty circumstellar environment, although historical mass loss appears to have
been heavier in IRC +10420. The systemic velocity implies a distance compatible
with the red supergiant dominated complex at the base of the Scutum Crux arm;
the resultant luminosity determination is consistent with a physical
association but suggests a lower initial mass than inferred for IRC +10420
(<20Msun versus ~40Msun). Evolutionary predictions for the physical properties
of supernova progenitors derived from ~18-20Msun stars - or ~12-15Msun stars
that have experienced enhanced mass loss as red supergiants - compare
favourably with those of IRAS 18357-0604, which in turn appears to be similar
to the the progenitor of SN2011dh; it may therefore provide an important
insight into the nature of the apparently H-depleted yellow hypergiant
progenitors of some type IIb SNe.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Continuum thermodynamics of chemically reacting fluid mixtures

We consider viscous, heat conducting mixtures of molecularly miscible
chemical species forming a fluid in which the constituents can undergo chemical
reactions. Assuming a common temperature for all components, we derive a closed
system of partial mass and partial momentum balances plus a mixture balance of
internal energy. This is achieved by careful exploitation of the entropy
principle and requires appropriate definitions of absolute temperature and
chemical potentials, based on an adequate definition of thermal energy
excluding diffusive contributions. The resulting interaction forces split into
a thermo-mechanical and a chemical part, where the former turns out to be
symmetric in case of binary interactions. For chemically reacting systems and
as a new result, the chemical interaction force is a contribution being
non-symmetric outside of chemical equilibrium. The theory also provides a
rigorous derivation of the so-called generalized thermodynamic driving forces,
avoiding the use of approximate solutions to the Boltzmann equations. Moreover,
using an appropriately extended version of the entropy principle and
introducing cross-effects already before closure as entropy invariant couplings
between principal dissipative mechanisms, the Onsager symmetry relations become
a strict consequence. With a classification of the factors in the binary
products of the entropy production according to their parity--instead of the
classical partition into so-called fluxes and driving forces--the apparent
anti-symmetry of certain couplings is thereby also revealed. If the diffusion
velocities are small compared to the speed of sound, the Maxwell-Stefan
equations follow in the case without chemistry, thereby neglecting wave
phenomena in the diffusive motion. This results in a reduced model with only
mass being balanced individually. In the reactive case ..
Seiberg-Witten for $Spin(n)$ with Spinors

$\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric $Spin(n)$ gauge theory admits hypermultiplets
in spinor representations of the gauge group, compatible with $\beta\leq0$, for
$n\leq 14$. The theories with $\beta<0$ can be obtained as mass-deformations of
the $\beta=0$ theories, so it is of greatest interest to construct the
$\beta=0$ theories. In previous works, we discussed the $n\leq8$ theories.
Here, we turn to the $9\leq n\leq 14$ cases. By compactifying the $D_N$ (2,0)
theory on a 4-punctured sphere, we find Seiberg-Witten solutions to almost all
of the remaining cases. There are five theories, however, which do not seem to
admit a realization from six dimensions.Comment: 28 pages, 54 figure
Non-planar Diagrams and Non-commutative Superspace in Dijkgraaf-Vafa
  theory

We consider the field theory on non-commutative superspace and
non-commutative spacetime that arises on D-branes in Type II superstring theory
with a constant self-dual graviphoton and NS-NS $B$ field background. $\N=1$
supersymmetric field theories on this non-commutative space (such theories are
called $\N=1/2$ supersymmetric theories.) can be reduced to supermatrix models
as in hep-th/0303210 \cite{KKM}. We take an appropriate commutative limit in
these theories and show that holomorphic quantities in commutative field
theories are equivalent to reduced models, including non-planar diagrams to
which the graviphoton contributes. This is a new derivation of Dijkgraaf-Vafa
theory including non-planar diagrams.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, the version to appear in Phys. Lett.
$\gamma$-Ray Bursts and Quantum Cosmic Censorship

Gamma-ray bursts are believed to result from the coalescence of binary neutron stars. However, the standard proposals for conversion of the gravitational energy to thermal energy have difficulties. We show that if the merger of the two neutron stars results in a naked singularity, instead of a black hole, the ensuing quantum particle creation can provide the requisite thermal energy in a straightforward way. The back-reaction of the created particles can avoid the formation of the naked singularity predicted by the classical theory. Hence cosmic censorship holds in the quantum theory, even if it were to be violated in classical general relativity
Remarks on the Atiyah-Hitchin metric

We outline the construction of the Atiyah-Hitchin metric on the moduli space of SU(2) BPS monopoles with charge 2, first as an algebraic curve in C^3 following Donaldson and then as a solution of the Toda field equations in the continual large N limit. We adopt twistor methods to solve the underlying uniformization problem, which by the generalized Legendre transformation yield the Kahler coordinates and the Kahler potential of the metric. We also comment on the connection between twistors and the Seiberg-Witten construction of quantum moduli spaces, as they arise in three dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, and briefly address the uniformization of algebraic curves in C^3 in the context of large N Toda theory. (Based on talks delivered in September 1998 at the 32nd International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles, Buckow; the 21st Triangular Meeting on Quantum Field Theory, Crete and the TMR meeting on Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification, Corfu; to be published in the proceedings in Fortschritte der Physik.
A new method to solve the Non Perturbative Renormalization Group
  equations

We propose a method to solve the Non Perturbative Renormalization Group
equations for the $n$-point functions. In leading order, it consists in solving
the equations obtained by closing the infinite hierarchy of equations for the
$n$-point functions. This is achieved: i) by exploiting the decoupling of modes
and the analyticity of the $n$-point functions at small momenta: this allows us
to neglect some momentum dependence of the vertices entering the flow
equations; ii) by relating vertices at zero momenta to derivatives of lower
order vertices with respect to a constant background field. Although the
approximation is not controlled by a small parameter, its accuracy can be
systematically improved. When it is applied to the O(N) model, its leading
order is exact in the large $N$ limit; in this case, one recovers known results
in a simple and direct way, i.e., without introducing an auxiliary field.Comment: Minor changes. Version to be publishe
(Curvature)^2-Terms for Supergravity in Three Dimension

We investigate the effect of (Curvature)^2-terms on N=1 and N=2 supergravity
in three dimensions. We use the off-shell component fields (e_\mu{}^m,
\psi_\mu, S) for N=1 and (e_\mu{}^m, \psi_\mu, \psi_\mu^*, A_\mu, B, B^*) for
N=2 supergravity. The S, A_\mu and B are respectively a real scalar, a real
vector and a complex scalar auxiliary fields. Both for N=1 and N=2, only two
invariant actions for (Curvature)^2-terms exist, while only the actions with
(Scalar Curvature)^2 are free of negative energy ghosts. Interestingly, the
originally non-physical graviton and gravitino fields start propagating,
together with the scalar field S for the N=1 case, or the complex scalar B and
the longitudinal component \partial_\mu A^\mu for N=2. These new propagating
fields form two new physical massive supermultiplets of spins (1/2,0) with 2 x
(1+1) degrees of freedom for the N=1 case, and two physical massive N=2
supermultiplets of spins (1/2,1/2,0,0) with 2 x (2+2) degrees of freedom for
the N=2 case.Comment: 14 pages, no figure
Automorphisms fixing a variable of K<x,y,z>

We study automorphisms of the free associative algebra K<x,y,z> over a field
K which fix z and such that the images of x, y are linear with respect to x, y.
We prove that some of these automorphisms are wild in the class of all
automorphisms fixing z, including the well known automorphism discovered by
Anick, and show how to recognize the wild ones. This class of automorphisms
induces tame automorphisms of the polynomial algebra K[x,y,z]. For n>2 the
automorphisms of K<x_1,...,x_n,z> which fix z and are linear in the x's are
tame.Comment: 8 page
Does generating examples aid proof production?

The final publication is available at: www.springerlink.comMany mathematics education researchers have suggested that asking learners\ud
to generate examples of mathematical concepts is an effective way of learning\ud
about novel concepts. To date, however, this suggestion has limited empirical support.\ud
We asked undergraduate students to study a novel concept by either tackling\ud
example generation tasks or reading worked solutions to these tasks. Contrary to\ud
suggestions in the literature, we found no advantage for the example generation\ud
group on subsequent proof production tasks. From a second study, we found that\ud
undergraduate students overwhelmingly adopt a trial and error approach to example\ud
generation and suggest that different example generation strategies may result in\ud
different learning gains. We conclude by arguing that the teaching strategy of\ud
example generation is not yet understood well enough to be a viable pedagogical\ud
recommendation
Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care:Changes over time in Denmark and England

Policies and thresholds vary for placing children into out-of-home care (OHC) at different ages. Evidence is lacking that quantifies the risk of entering OHC by age, and how this varies over time and between countries. We determined the age-specific cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood in Denmark and in eight local authorities in England. We used administrative data for any form of OHC (except respite care) provided by children's social services in Denmark and England from 1992 to 2008. Using life tables and national population estimates, we calculated the cumulative incidence of entry into OHC by year of age for cohorts born in 1992–1994 through to 2006–2008. The cumulative incidence of entry into OHC decreased over time in Denmark and increased in England at all ages. Cumulative incidence of OHC in the first year of life was similar in Denmark and England for infants born in 1992–1994 (Denmark 2.83/1,000, England 2.89/1,000), but infants born in 2007–2008 were nearly three times as likely to enter OHC before their first birthday in England (4.50/1,000) than in Denmark (1.61/1,000). Entry into OHC during adolescence was more common in Denmark than in England so that by 16 years old the cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood was twice as high in Denmark (33.83/1,000) as in England (15.62/1,000). Diverging trends over time in the use of OHC in Denmark and England are likely to reflect changing policies in the two countries
To understand the rare decay $B_s\to\pi^+\pi^-\ell^+\ell^-$

Motivated by the LHCb measurement, we analyze the $B_s\to
\pi^+\pi^-\ell^+\ell^-$ decay in the kinematics region where the pion pairs
have invariant mass in the range $0.5$-$1.3$ GeV and muon pairs do not
originate from a resonance. The scalar $\pi^+\pi^-$ form factor induced by the
strange $\bar ss$ current is predicted by the unitarized approach rooted in the
chiral perturbation theory. Using the two-hadron light-cone distribution
amplitude, we then can derive the $B_s\to \pi^+\pi^-$ transition form factor in
the light-cone sum rules approach. Merging these quantities, we present our
results for differential decay width which can generally agree with the
experimental data. More accurate measurements at the LHC and KEKB in future are
helpful to validate our formalism and determine the inputs in this approach.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; v2: references added, match the published versio
Quadratic $\alpha'$-Corrections to Heterotic Double Field Theory

We investigate $\alpha'$-corrections of heterotic double field theory up to
quadratic order in the language of supersymmetric O(D,D+dim G) gauged double
field theory. After introducing double-vielbein formalism with a
parametrization which reproduces heterotic supergravity, we show that
supersymmetry for heterotic double field theory up to leading order
$\alpha'$-correction is obtained from supersymmetric gauged double field
theory. We discuss the necessary modifications of the symmetries defined in
supersymmetric gauged double field theory. Further, we construct supersymmetric
completion at quadratic order in $\alpha'$.Comment: 30 pages; references added, summary and text improved, published
  versio
OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb: a Saturn-mass Planet around an M Dwarf with the
  Mass Constrained by Subaru AO imaging

We report the discovery of a microlensing exoplanet OGLE-2012-BLG-0563Lb with
the planet-star mass ratio ~1 x 10^{-3}. Intensive photometric observations of
a high-magnification microlensing event allow us to detect a clear signal of
the planet. Although no parallax signal is detected in the light curve, we
instead succeed at detecting the flux from the host star in high-resolution
JHK'-band images obtained by the Subaru/AO188 and IRCS instruments, allowing us
to constrain the absolute physical parameters of the planetary system. With the
help of a spectroscopic information about the source star obtained during the
high-magnification state by Bensby et al., we find that the lens system is
located at 1.3^{+0.6}_{-0.8} kpc from us, and consists of an M dwarf
(0.34^{+0.12}_{-0.20} M_sun) orbited by a Saturn-mass planet
(0.39^{+0.14}_{-0.23} M_Jup) at the projected separation of
0.74^{+0.26}_{-0.42} AU (close model) or 4.3^{+1.5}_{-2.5} AU (wide model). The
probability of contamination in the host star's flux, which would reduce the
masses by a factor of up to three, is estimated to be 17%. This possibility can
be tested by future high-resolution imaging. We also estimate the (J-Ks) and
(H-Ks) colors of the host star, which are marginally consistent with a low
metallicity mid-to-early M dwarf, although further observations are required
for the metallicity to be conclusive. This is the fifth sub-Jupiter-mass
(0.2<m_p/M_Jup<1) microlensing planet around an M dwarf with the mass well
constrained. The relatively rich harvest of sub-Jupiters around M dwarfs is
contrasted with a possible paucity of ~1--2 Jupiter-mass planets around the
same type of star, which can be explained by the planetary formation process in
the core-accretion scheme.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, an error in Figure 11 in the published version
  correcte
Reaching the boundary between stellar kinematic groups and very wide
  binaries. III. Sixteen new stars and eight new wide systems in the beta
  Pictoris moving group

Aims. We look for common proper motion companions to stars of the nearby
young beta Pictoris moving group. Methods. First, we compiled a list of 185
beta Pictoris members and candidate members from 35 representative works. Next,
we used the Aladin and STILTS virtual observatory tools, and the PPMXL proper
motion and Washington Double Star catalogues to look for companion candidates.
The resulting potential companions were subjects of a dedicated
astro-photometric follow-up using public data from all-sky surveys. After
discarding 67 sources by proper motion and 31 by colour-magnitude diagrams, we
obtained a final list of 36 common proper motion systems. The binding energy of
two of them is perhaps too small to be considered physically bound. Results. Of
the 36 pairs and multiple systems, eight are new, 16 have only one stellar
component previously classified as a beta Pictoris member, and three have
secondaries at or below the hydrogen-burning limit. Sixteen stars are reported
here for the first time as moving group members. The unexpected large number of
high-order multiple systems, 12 triples and two quadruples among 36 systems,
may suggest a biased list of members towards close binaries or an increment of
the high-order-multiple fraction for very wide systems.Comment: A&A in pres
Enhancement of redox stability and electrical conductivity by doping various metals on ceria, Ce1-xMxO2-δ (M=Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Ti, Zr)

This work was supported by EPSRC (EP/I022570/1, EP/K015540/1, EP/I038950/1, EP/K021036/1).Various metal oxide materials have been actively investigated to improve energy efficiency as exhaust-catalyst as well as electrodes in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, ceramic sensors, photo-catalyst etc. Ceria-based materials are of great interest due to their wide applications; such as redox or oxygen storage promoter in automotive catalyst and solid state conductor in fuel cells. Here we report redox and electrical properties for Ce1-xMxO2-δ (M=Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Ti, Zr) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and simultaneous thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Among various system, Ce1-xCuxO2-δ and Ce1-xNixO2-δ indicated relatively reversible redox behavior, although Cu2+ and Ni2+ had limited solid solubility in CeO2. The enhancement of oxygen carrier concentration and electrical conductivity as well as electrochemical activity in the ceria lattice by the introduction of small amounts transition metal cations have been considered in this study. Ce0.7Cu0.3O2-δ showed about 1015 μmol[O2]/g of oxygen storage capacity (OSC) with high redox stability at 700oC. We also demonstrated that Ce0.9Ni0.1O2-δ was used as an anode of the YSZ electrolyte supported SOFC single cell; the maximum power density was 0.15 W/cm2 at 850oC with hydrogen fuel.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Freshwater ostracodes in Quaternary permafrost deposits in the Siberian Arctic

Ostracode analysis was carried out on samples from ice-rich permafrost deposits obtained on the Bykovsky Peninsula (Laptev Sea). A composite profile was investigated that covers most of a 38-m thick permafrost sequence and corresponds to the last ca. 60 kyr of the Late Quaternary. The ostracode assemblages are similar to those known from European Quaternary lake deposits during cold stages. The ostracode habitats were small, shallow, cold, oligotrophic pools located in low centred ice wedge polygons or in small thermokarst depressions. In total, 15 taxa, representing 7 genera, were identified from 65 samples. The studied section is subdivided into six ostracode zones that correspond to Late Quaternary climatic and environmental stadial-interstadial variations established by other paleoenvironmental proxies: (1) cold and dry Zyrianian stadial (58–53 kyr BP); (2) warm and dry Karginian interstadial (48–34 kyr BP); (3) transition from the Karginian interstadial to the cold and dry Sartanian stadial (34–21 kyr BP); (4) transition from the Sartanian stadial to the warm and dry Late Pleistocene period, the Allerød (21–14 kyr BP); (5) transition from the Allerød to the warm and wet Middle Holocene (14–7 kyr BP); and (6) cool and wet Late Holocene (ca. 3 kyr BP). The abundance and diversity of the ostracodes will be used as an additional bioindicator for paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the Siberian Arctic