pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Morse complex for infinite dimensional manifolds—part I

AbstractIn this paper and in the forthcoming Part II, we introduce a Morse complex for a class of functions f defined on an infinite dimensional Hilbert manifold M, possibly having critical points of infinite Morse index and co-index. The idea is to consider an infinite dimensional subbundle—or more generally an essential subbundle—of the tangent bundle of M, suitably related with the gradient flow of f. This Part I deals with the following questions about the intersection W of the unstable manifold of a critical point x and the stable manifold of another critical point y: finite dimensionality of W, possibility that different components of W have different dimension, orientability of W and coherence in the choice of an orientation, compactness of the closure of W, classification, up to topological conjugacy, of the gradient flow on the closure of W, in the case dimW=2
Updating of action–outcome associations is prevented by inactivation of the posterior pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus

AbstractThe pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) is in a pivotal position between the basal ganglia and brainstem: it is able to influence and regulate all levels of basal ganglia and corticostriatal activity as well as being a key component of brainstem reticular and motor control circuitry. Consistent with its anatomical position, the PPTg has previously been shown to process rapid, salient sensory input, is a target for Parkinson’s disease treatments and has been implicated in associative learning. We explicitly investigated the role of the posterior pPPTg (pPPTg) in action–outcome processes, where actions are performed with the goal-directed aim of obtaining an anticipated outcome. We assessed rats’ sensitivity to degradation of the contingency between actions (lever pressing) and outcomes (food reward) during either inactivation of pPPTg by microinjection of the GABA agonist muscimol or control infusions of saline. In response to the degradation of contingency between lever press and food reward, saline treated rats rapidly reduced rates of lever pressing whereas muscimol treated rats (pPPTg inactivation) maintained previous lever pressing rates. In contrast, when the contingency between lever press and food reward was unchanged saline and muscimol treated rats maintained their previous rates of lever pressing. This shows that the pPPTg is critically required for updating associations between actions and outcomes, but not in the continued performance of previously learned associations. These results are consistent with a role for the PPTg in ‘higher-order’ associative learning and are the first to demonstrate a brainstem role in action–outcome learning
Chern–Simons pre-quantizations over four-manifolds

AbstractWe endow the space of connections on an SU(n)-principal bundle over a four-manifold with a pre-symplectic structure and define a Hamiltonian action on it of the group of gauge transformations that are trivial on the boundary. Then we consider the trivial SU(n)-principal bundle for n⩾3 over the four-manifold that is a submanifold of a null-cobordant four-manifold, and we construct on the moduli space of flat connections a hermitian line bundle with connection whose curvature is given by the pre-symplectic form. This is the Chern–Simons pre-quantization of moduli spaces. The group of gauge transformations on the boundary of the four-manifold acts on the moduli space of flat connections by an infinitesimally symplectic way. When the four-manifold is a 4-dimensional disc we show that this action is lifted to the pre-quantization by its Lie group extension. The geometric description of the latter is related to the 4-dimensional Wess–Zumino–Witten model
Cortical oscillatory dynamics and benzodiazepine-site modulation of tonic inhibition in fast spiking interneurons

AbstractTonic conductance mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors has been implicated in the modulation of network oscillatory activity. Using an in vitro brain slice to produce oscillatory activity and a kinetic model of GABAA receptor dynamics, we show that changes in tonic inhibitory input to fast spiking interneurons underlie benzodiazepine-site mediated modulation of neuronal network synchrony in rat primary motor cortex. We found that low concentrations (10 nM) of the benzodiazepine site agonist, zolpidem, reduced the power of pharmacologically-induced beta-frequency (15–30 Hz) oscillatory activity. By contrast, higher doses augmented beta power. Application of the antagonist, flumazenil, also increased beta power suggesting endogenous modulation of the benzodiazepine binding site. Voltage-clamp experiments revealed that pharmacologically-induced rhythmic inhibitory postsynaptic currents were reduced by 10 nM zolpidem, suggesting an action on inhibitory interneurons. Further voltage-clamp studies of fast spiking cells showed that 10 nM zolpidem augmented a tonic inhibitory GABAA receptor mediated current in fast spiking cells whilst higher concentrations of zolpidem reduced the tonic current. A kinetic model of zolpidem-sensitive GABAA receptors suggested that incubation with 10 nM zolpidem resulted in a high proportion of GABAA receptors locked in a kinetically slow desensitized state whilst 30 nM zolpidem favoured rapid transition into and out of desensitized states. This was confirmed experimentally using a challenge with saturating concentrations of GABA. Selective modulation of an interneuron-specific tonic current may underlie the reversal of cognitive and motor deficits afforded by low-dose zolpidem in neuropathological states
A method of experimentally probing transverse momentum dependent distributions

AbstractWe calculate the double spin asymmetry ALL for the π0 production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton–proton scattering with a spectator model of power-law and a model based on the factorization ansatz. We also calculate the double spin asymmetry for the integration over parts of the kinematic range for the setups of the experiments of COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab. We find that the results are characteristically dependent on the model used. Therefore, we suggest that the measurements of the double spin asymmetry provides a method of experimentally probing the transverse momentum dependent distributions
Upper large deviations for the maximal flow in first-passage percolation

AbstractWe consider the standard first-passage percolation in Zd for d≥2 and we denote by ϕnd−1,h(n) the maximal flow through the cylinder ]0,n]d−1×]0,h(n)] from its bottom to its top. Kesten proved a law of large numbers for the maximal flow in dimension 3: under some assumptions, ϕnd−1,h(n)/nd−1 converges towards a constant ν. We look now at the probability that ϕnd−1,h(n)/nd−1 is greater than ν+ε for some ε>0, and we show under some assumptions that this probability decays exponentially fast with the volume nd−1h(n) of the cylinder. Moreover, we prove a large deviation principle for the sequence (ϕnd−1,h(n)/nd−1,n∈N)
Centrality dependence of the high pT charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

AbstractPHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron pT spectra from Au+Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV. The truncated mean pT decreases with centrality for pT>2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high pT hadron production. For central collisions the yield at high pT is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon–nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e., for collisions with less than ∼140 participating nucleons. The observed pT and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions
To what extent is a large space of matrices not closed under product?

AbstractLet (K) be a field. Given an arbitrary linear subspace V of Mn(K) of codimension less than n-1, a classical result states that V generates the (K)-algebra Mn(K). Here, we strengthen this statement in three ways: we show that Mn(K) is spanned by the products of the form AB with (A,B)∈V2; we prove that every matrix in Mn(K) can be decomposed into a product of matrices of V; finally, when V is a linear perplane of Mn(K) and n>2, we show that every matrix in Mn(K) is a product of two elements of V
A Mouse Model of Vitiligo with Focused Epidermal Depigmentation Requires IFN-γ for Autoreactive CD8+ T-Cell Accumulation in the Skin

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease of the skin causing disfiguring patchy depigmentation of the epidermis and, less commonly, hair. Therapeutic options for vitiligo are limited, reflecting in part limited knowledge of disease pathogenesis. Existing mouse models of vitiligo consist of hair depigmentation but lack prominent epidermal involvement, which is the hallmark of human disease. They are thus unable to provide a platform to fully investigate disease mechanisms and treatment. CD8+ T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and expression of IFN-γ is increased in the lesional skin of patients, however, it is currently unknown what role IFN-γ has in disease. Here, we have developed an adoptive transfer mouse model of vitiligo using melanocyte-specific CD8+ T cells, which recapitulates the human condition by inducing epidermal depigmentation while sparing the hair. Like active lesions in human vitiligo, histology of depigmenting skin reveals a patchy mononuclear infiltrate and single-cell infiltration of the epidermis. Depigmentation is accompanied by accumulation of autoreactive CD8+ T cells in the skin, quantifiable loss of tyrosinase transcript, and local IFN-γ production. Neutralization of IFN-γ with antibody prevents CD8+ T-cell accumulation and depigmentation, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this approach
Gaudin-type models, non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices and nested Bethe ansatz

AbstractWe consider quantum integrable systems associated with the Lie algebra gl(n) and Cartan-invariant non-dynamical non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices. We describe the sub-class of Cartan-invariant non-skew-symmetric r-matrices for which exists the standard procedure of the nested Bethe ansatz associated with the chain of embeddings gl(n)⊃gl(n−1)⊃gl(n−2)⊃⋯⊃gl(1). We diagonalize the corresponding quantum integrable systems by its means. We illustrate the obtained results by the examples of the generalized Gaudin systems with and without external magnetic field associated with three classes of non-dynamical non-skew-symmetric classical r-matrices
On the low-lying zeros of Hasse–Weil L-functions for elliptic curves

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain an unconditional density theorem concerning the low-lying zeros of Hasse–Weil L-functions for a family of elliptic curves. From this together with the Riemann hypothesis for these L-functions, we infer the majorant of 27/14 (which is strictly less than 2) for the average rank of the elliptic curves in the family under consideration. This upper bound for the average rank enables us to deduce that, under the same assumption, a positive proportion of elliptic curves have algebraic ranks equaling their analytic ranks and finite Tate–Shafarevich group. Statements of this flavor were known previously [M.P. Young, Low-lying zeros of families of elliptic curves, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 19 (1) (2005) 205–250] under the additional assumptions of GRH for Dirichlet L-functions and symmetric square L-functions which are removed in the present paper
Cartilaginous repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects is induced by the intermittent activation of PTH/PTHrP signaling

SummaryObjectiveWe studied the effects of the transient activation of parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) signaling during the repair of 5-mm-diameter full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in the rabbit.Materials and methodsCylindrical full-thickness articular cartilage defects of 5mm in diameter were artificially created in the femoral trochlea of male adolescent Japanese white rabbits using a hand-drill. Recombinant human PTH(1-84) was then administered into the joint cavity continuously or intermittently for 2 weeks post-injury. The reparative tissues were histologically examined at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and were also immunohistochemically examined for type II collagen. Double immunostaining analysis was also performed for the PTH/PTHrP receptor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the regenerating tissues.ResultsNo evidence of cartilage formation was evident throughout the period of the experiments in injured animals administered saline alone. In contrast, cartilage formation occurred at 4 weeks in both the continuous and intermittent PTH-treated defects. At 8 weeks post-injury, for the intermittently treated defects, the regenerated cartilage successfully resurfaced the defects and the original bone-articular cartilage junction was recovered. In contrast, the defects were covered with fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissues in the continuously administered group. PCNA and PTH/PTHrP receptor-double positive mesenchymal cells were significantly increased in both the continuous and intermittent PTH-treated defects at 2 weeks post-injury.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that the transient activation and release from PTH/PTHrP signaling during the early stages of the cartilage repair process facilitates the induction of regenerative chondrogenesis in full-thickness articular cartilage defects
Description of outcomes of experimental infection with feline haemoplasmas: Copy numbers, haematology, Coombs’ testing and blood glucose concentrations

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare blood copy, haematological and glucose values between cats experimentally infected with either Mycoplasma haemofelis (Group HF: 10 cats), ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ (Group HM: 3 cats) or ‘Candidatus M. turicensis’ (Group TU: 3 cats). Blood samples were collected regularly up to 85 days post-infection (DPI) for haemoplasma real-time quantitative PCR, haematology, Coombs’ testing and blood glucose measurement. Statistical analysis was performed using a general linear model (ANOVA) appropriate for a repeated measures experiment with significance set as P<0.05. Cats in Group TU had significantly lower blood copy numbers than cats in Group HF (P<0.001) and HM (P<0.001). All Group HF cats developed anaemia (often severe), macrocytosis and evidence of erythrocyte-bound antibodies whereas Groups HM and TU cats did not. Group HF had significantly lower PCVs, haemoglobin concentrations and red blood cell counts, and significantly higher mean cell volumes, than Groups HM and TU. In Group HF, erythrocyte-bound antibodies reactive at 4°C (both IgM and IgG) appeared between 8 and 22 DPI and persisted for two to four weeks, whereas those reactive at 37°C (primarily IgG) appeared between 22 and 29 DPI and persisted for one to five weeks. In most cats antibodies appeared after the fall in haemoglobin started. Although Group TU had significantly lower glucose concentrations than Groups HF (P=0.006) and HM (P=0.027), mean blood glucose concentrations remained within the reference range in all groups. This study demonstrates that M. haemofelis infection, in contrast to ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus M. turicensis’ infection, can result in a severe macrocytic anaemia and the development of cold and warm reactive erythrocyte-bound antibodies
Outcomes Associated With Microalbuminuria Effect Modification by Chronic Kidney Disease

ObjectivesThis study sought to compare the association of microalbuminuria with outcomes in patients with different comorbidities.BackgroundThe risk of adverse outcomes associated with lower levels proteinuria has been found to be linearly decreasing with even low-normal levels of microalbuminuria. It is unclear whether comorbid conditions change these associations.MethodsWe examined the association of urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) with mortality and the slopes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a nationally representative cohort of 298,875 U.S. veterans. Associations of UACR with all-cause mortality overall and in subgroups of patients with and without diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) were examined in Cox models, and with the slopes of eGFR in linear and logistic regression models.ResultsVery low levels of UACR were linearly associated with decreased mortality and less progression of CKD overall: adjusted mortality hazard ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate slope (95% confidence interval [CI]) associated with UACR ≥200 μg/mg, compared to <5 μg/mg were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.38 to 1.69, p < 0.001) and −1.59 (95% CI: −1.83 to −1.35, p < 0.001). Similar linearity was present in all examined subgroups, except in patients with CKD in whom a U-shaped association was present and in whom a UACR of 10 to 19 was associated with the best outcomes.ConclusionsThe association of UACR with mortality and with progressive CKD is modified in patients with CKD, who experience higher mortality and worse progression of CKD with the lowest levels of UACR. Proteinuria-lowering interventions in patients with advanced CKD should be implemented cautiously, considering the potential for adverse outcomes
Improved empirical parametrizations of the γ⁎N→N(1535) transition amplitudes and the Siegert's theorem

AbstractSome empirical parametrizations of the γ⁎N→N(1535) transition amplitudes violate the Siegert's theorem, that relates the longitudinal and the transverse amplitudes in the pseudo-threshold limit (nucleon and resonance at rest). In the case of the electromagnetic transition from the nucleon (mass M) to the resonance N(1525) (mass MR), the Siegert's theorem is sometimes expressed by the relation |q|A1/2=λS1/2 in the pseudo-threshold limit, when the photon momentum |q| vanishes, and λ=2(MR−M). In this article, we argue that the Siegert's theorem should be expressed by the relation A1/2=λS1/2/|q|, in the limit |q|→0. This result is a consequence of the relation S1/2∝|q|, when |q|→0, as suggested by the analysis of the transition form factors and by the orthogonality between the nucleon and N(1535) states. We propose then new empirical parametrizations for the γ⁎N→N(1535) helicity amplitudes, that are consistent with the data and the Siegert's theorem. The proposed parametrizations follow closely the MAID2007 parametrization, except for a small deviation in the amplitudes A1/2 and S1/2 when Q2<1.5 GeV2
Search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to tau pairs at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is performed using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is sensitive to both the standard model Higgs boson and to the neutral Higgs bosons predicted by the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). No excess of events is observed in the tau-pair invariant-mass spectrum. For a standard model Higgs boson in the mass range of 110–145 GeV upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) on the production cross section are determined. We exclude a Higgs boson with mH=115 GeV with a production cross section 3.2 times of that predicted by the standard model. In the MSSM, upper limits on the neutral Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction to tau pairs, as a function of the pseudoscalar Higgs boson mass, mA, sets stringent new bounds in the parameter space, excluding at 95% CL values of tanβ as low as 7.1 at mA=160 GeV in the mhmax benchmark scenario
On geometric scaling of light-like Wilson polygons: Higher orders in αs

AbstractWe address the scaling behaviour of contour-shape-dependent ultraviolet singularities of the light-like cusped Wilson loops in Yang–Mills and N=4 super-Yang–Mills theories in the higher orders of the perturbative expansion. We give the simple arguments to support the idea that identifying of a special type of non-local infinitesimal shape variations of the light-like Wilson polygons with the Fréchet differentials results in the combined geometric and renormalization-group evolution equation, which is applicable beyond the leading order exponentiated Wilson loops
Multiple q-zeta values

AbstractWe introduce a q-analog of the multiple harmonic series commonly referred to as multiple zeta values. The multiple q-zeta values satisfy a q-stuffle multiplication rule analogous to the stuffle multiplication rule arising from the series representation of ordinary multiple zeta values. Additionally, multiple q-zeta values can be viewed as special values of the multiple q-polylogarithm, which admits a multiple Jackson q-integral representation whose limiting case is the Drinfel'd simplex integral for the ordinary multiple polylogarithm when q=1. The multiple Jackson q-integral representation for multiple q-zeta values leads to a second multiplication rule satisfied by them, referred to as a q-shuffle. Despite this, it appears that many numerical relations satisfied by ordinary multiple zeta values have no interesting q-extension. For example, a suitable q-analog of Broadhurst's formula for ζ({3,1}n), if one exists, is likely to be rather complicated. Nevertheless, we show that a number of infinite classes of relations, including Hoffman's partition identities, Ohno's cyclic sum identities, Granville's sum formula, Euler's convolution formula, Ohno's generalized duality relation, and the derivation relations of Ihara and Kaneko extend to multiple q-zeta values
Interference of conversion and bremsstrahlung amplitudes in the decay KL→μ+μ−γ

AbstractIn the region of large μ+μ− invariant mass, the decay spectrum of KL→μ+μ−γ deviates from the Dalitz pair spectrum, as a result of interference between conversion (KL→γ∗γ→μ+μ−γ) and bremsstrahlung amplitudes. The latter is proportional to the KL→μ+μ− matrix element, whose 2γ-absorptive part appears to dominate the observed KL→μ+μ− decay rate. We examine the extent to which a scrutiny of the KL→μ+μ−γ spectrum in the end-point region could provide evidence on the real part of the KL→μ+μ− amplitude. As a by-product, we obtain the absorptive part of the KL→γ∗γ form factor, using data on the KL→π+π−γ spectrum