pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
5G-XHaul: a converged optical and wireless solution for 5G transport networks

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Gutiérrez-Terán, J., Maletic, N., Camps, D., Garcia-Villegas, E., Berberana, I., Anastasopoulos, M., Tzanakaki, A., Kalokidou, V., Flegkas, P., Syrivelis, D., Korakis, T., Legg, P., Markovic, D., Limperopoulos, G., Bartelt, J., Chaudhary, J.K., Grieger, M., Vucic, N., Zou, J., Grass, E. 5G-XHaul: a converged optical and wireless solution for 5G transport networks. "Transactions on emerging telecommunications technologies", 8 Juliol 2016, vol. 27, núm. 9, p. 1187-1195, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.recursos.biblioteca.upc.edu/doi/10.1002/ett.3063/epdf. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.The common European Information and Communications Technology sector vision for 5G is that it should leverage on the strengths of both optical and wireless technologies. In the 5G context, a wide spectra of radio access technologies—such as millimetre wave transmission, massive multiple-input multiple-output and new waveforms—demand for high capacity, highly flexible and convergent transport networks. As the requirements imposed on future 5G networks rise, so do the challenges in the transport network. Hence, 5G-XHaul proposes a converged optical and wireless transport network solution with a unified control plane based on software defined networking. This solution is able to support the flexible backhaul and fronthaul—X-Haul—options required to tackle the future challenges imposed by 5G radio access technologies. 5G-XHaul studies the trade-offs involving fully or partially converged backhaul and fronthaul functions, with the aim of maximising the associated sharing benefits, improving efficiency in resource utilisation and providing measurable benefits in terms of overall cost, scalability and sustainabilityPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Optimal Training for Non-Feedback Adaptive PSAM over Time-Varying
  Rayleigh Fading Channels

Time-varying fast fading channels present a major challenge in the design of
wireless communication systems. Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation (PSAM) has
been introduced to mitigate the effects of fading and allow coherent
demodulation. Our work studies the performance of \emph{non-feedback} adaptive
PSAM scheme over time-varying Rayleigh fading channels. A modular method is
introduced for computing the rates in an efficient manner. Moreover, four
transmission policies are analyzed and we show how optimal training in terms of
duration and power allocation varies with the channel conditions and from one
transmission policy to another. The performance of these schemes is measured in
terms of achievable rates using binary signaling. We formally show that, for a
causal estimation, placing all the power on the last pilot symbol is expected
to be optimal. Furthermore, the autocorrelation of the fading process is based
either on a stationary first order Gauss-Markov modeling of the process or on
Jakes' model when higher orders of correlation are analyzed
Design of a Gigabit DSL modem using super orthogonal complete complementary codes

This paper describes the preliminary design and simulation towards a gigabit digital subscriber line modem that provides multi-user interference-free communication in a far-end crosstalk dominated environment by incorporating super orthogonal complete complementary spreading into the existing xDSL modem architecture. This is in contrast to existing vectoring and dynamic spectral management techniques that use joint processing and pre-processing of each user's signal to mitigate far-end crosstalk. A novel code allocation algorithm is introduced to provide all users with equal data rate ratios, even with bad line profiles and high-required data rates. Preliminary simulation results show that 1 Gbps aggregate throughput can be obtained for the system over a single pair of 0.5 mm copper wire over a distance from 180 to 150 m, depending on whether ADSL2+ or VDSL2 Profile 30a service bands are avoided, if present.The National Research Foundation of South Africa (Grant reference TP1207183332), Telkom and Bytes Universal Systems.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2161-39152017-11-30Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineerin
On stream selection for interference alignment with limited feedback in heterogeneous networks

This paper presents a stream selection based interference alignment approach with imperfect channel state information for heterogeneous networks. The proposed solution constructs stream sequences by selecting only the strongest stream of each user where the first stream of the constructed stream sequences is associated to a pico user. While selecting the streams, the channel matrices of the unselected streams are projected orthogonally to the virtual transmit and receive channels of the selected stream in order to align the interference in the null space of these virtual channels. In addition, the influence of imperfect channel state information on the proposed algorithm is analysed. A bit allocation scheme is given by deriving an upper bound on the rate loss because of quantisation. The simulation results are carried out by considering various scenarios with different locations of pico cells at the cell edge regions of the macro cell. The performance results show that the proposed algorithm with the imperfect channel state information achieves higher performance than the existing algorithms
Link-layer Security in TSCH Networks: Effect on Slot Duration

International audienceThe IEEE802.15.4e-2012 standard is widely used in multi-hop wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)applications. In the Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) mode, nodes are synchronized, and time iscut into timeslots. A schedule orchestrates all communications, resulting in high reliability and low poweroperations. A timeslot must be long enough for a node to send a data frame to its neighbor, and for thatneighbor to send back an acknowledgment. Shorter timeslots enable higher bandwidth and lower latency, yetthe minimal timeslot duration is limited by how long link-layer security operations take. We evaluate theoverhead of link-layer security in TSCH networks in terms of minimal timeslot length, memory footprint,and energy consumption. We implement full link-layer security on a range of hardware platforms, exploringdierent hardware/software implementation strategies. Through an extensive measurement campaign, wequantify the advantage of hardware accelerations for link-layer security, and show how the minimal durationof a timeslot varies between 9 ms and 88 ms for the most common conguration, depending on hardwaresupport. Furthermore, we also highlighted the impact that the timeslot duration has on both high-levelapplication design and energy consumption
Analysis of end-to-end multi-domain management and orchestration frameworks for software defined infrastructures: an architectural survey

Over the last couple of years, industry operators’ associations issued requirements towards an end-to-end management and\ud
orchestration plane for 5G networks. Consequently, standard organisations started their activities in this domain. This arti-\ud
cle provides an analysis and an architectural survey of these initiatives and of the main requirements, proposes descriptions\ud
for the key concepts of domain, resource and service slicing, end-to-end orchestration and a reference architecture for the\ud
end-to-end orchestration plane. Then, a set of currently available or under development domain orchestration frameworks\ud
are mapped to this reference architecture. These frameworks, meant to provide coordination and automated management\ud
of cloud and networking resources, network functions and services, fulfil multi-domain (i.e. multi-technology and multi-\ud
operator) orchestration requirements, thus enabling the realisation of an end-to-end orchestration plane. Finally, based on\ud
the analysis of existing single-domain and multi-domain orchestration components and requirements, this paper presents\ud
a functional architecture for the end-to-end management and orchestration plane, paving the way to its full realisation
Valorising the IoT Databox: creating value for everyone

Accepted for Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications TechnologiesCharith Perera’s and Arosha Bandara’s work is funded by European Research Council Advanced Grant 291652 (ASAP), Hamed Haddadi’s, Richard Mortier’s, and Derek McAuley’s work is funded by EPSRC Databox (EP/N028260/1), Jon Crowcroft’s, Irene Ng’s and Susan Wakenshaw’s work is funded by EPSRC Home Hub-of-allThings (HAT) (EP/K039911/1), Andy’s work is funded by Privacy-by-Design (EP/M001636/1), Jon Crowcroft’s and Richard Mortier’s work is also funded by EU FP7 User Centric Networking, grant no. 611001
Transparent Bandwidth Aggregation for Residential Access Networks

We propose, implement, and evaluate a bandwidth aggregation service for residential users that allows to improve the upload throughput of the asymmetric digital subscriber line connection by leveraging the unused bandwidth of neighboring users. The residential access gateway adopts the 802.11 radio interface to simultaneously serve the local home users and to share the broadband connectivity with neighboring access gateways. Differently from previous works, our aggregation scheme is transparent both for local users, who are not required to modify their applications or device drivers, and for neighboring users, who do not experience any meaningful performance degradation. To evaluate the achievable performance and tune the parameters driving the traffic balancing, we developed a fluid model that was shown experimentally to be very accurate. Our proposed scheme is amenable to efficient implementation on Linux networking stack. Indeed, we implemented it and tested in some realistic scenarios, showing an efficient exploitation of the whole available bandwidth, also for legacy cloud storage applications
Most probable paths and performance formulae for buffers with Gaussian input traffic

[Abstract]: In this paper, performance formulae for a queue serving Gaussian traffic are presented.\ud
The main technique employed is motivated by a general form of Schilder’s theorem, the large\ud
deviation result for Gaussian processes. Most probable paths leading to a given buffer occupancy\ud
are identified. Special attention is given to the case where the sample paths of the\ud
Gaussian process are smooth. The performance approximations are compared with known\ud
analytical results or by means of simulation. The approximations appear to be surprisingly\ud
accurate
Measured pedestrian movement and bodyworn terminal effects for the indoor channel at 5.2 GHz

[Summary]: Human body effects such as antenna-body interaction and scattering caused by pedestrian movement are important indoor radio propagation phenomena at microwave frequencies. This paper reports measurements and statistical analysis of the indoor narrowband propagation channel at 5.2 GHz for two scenarios: a fixed line-of-sight (LOS) link perturbed by pedestrian movement and a mobile link incorporating a moving bodyworn terminal. Two indoor environments were considered for both types of measurements: an 18 m long corridor and a 42 m2 office. The fixed-link results show that the statistical distribution of the received envelope was dependent on the number of pedestrians present. However, fading was slower than expected, with an average fade duration of more than 100 ms for a Doppler frequency of 8.67 Hz. For the bodyworn terminal, mean received power values were dependent on whether or not the user's body obstructed the LOS. For example, in the corridor the average non-line-of-sight (NLOS) pathloss was 5.4 dB greater than with LO
Performance management and evaluation in Norwegian local government: Complementary or competing tools of management?

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse cardiopulmonary effects where inflammation seems to play an important role. Cellular release of inflammatory mediators is therefore commonly measured in in vitro studies of PM-induced effects. However, adsorption of such mediators to PM may interfere with these measurements and thereby possibly also influence the conclusions of such studies. The aim of the present mini review is to provide the reader with an update on what is currently known about adsorption of inflammatory mediators to PM. We also present a step-by-step method for correction of in vitro results, based on mediator adsorption experiments. Moreover, mediator adsorption and its possible consequences are exemplified with a case study demonstrating adsorption of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to a selection of PM samples. The highest degree of adsorption was determined to be 65 and 95% for PTX3 and VEGF respectively, and for the various PM samples the degree of adsorption was highly variable. In conclusion, the data and results discussed in this review underscore the importance of assessing and correcting for mediator adsorption, especially in studies involving comparison of effects induced by several different PM samples
Mentorship and the Professional Development of Culturally Responsive Evaluators in the American Evaluation Association's Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) Program

In this study, we used Q methodology to investigate perspectives on mentorship among alumni of the Graduate Education Diversity Internship (GEDI) program. We asked participants to think retrospectively and give their opinion on the most important characteristics a GEDI mentor should have, based on what they would have liked or needed when they participated in the GEDI program. Three different perspectives on mentoring emerged from participants. They show that mentoring is not unidimensional; that perceptions and expectations of mentoring are defined to a great extent by the professional needs, background, and expectation of the participants. We suggest that the program takes those needs and expectations into consideration and use them as criteria for selecting mentors
The Australian Research Quality Framework: A live experiment in capturing the social, economic, environmental, and cultural returns of publicly funded research

Copyright @ 2008 Wiley Periodicals Inc. This is the accepted version of the following article: Donovan, C. (2008), The Australian Research Quality Framework: A live experiment in capturing the social, economic, environmental, and cultural returns of publicly funded research. New Directions for Evaluation, 2008: 47–60, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ev.260/abstract.The author regards development of Australia's ill-fated Research Quality Framework (RQF) as a “live experiment” in determining the most appropriate approach to evaluating the extra-academic returns, or “impact,” of a nation's publicly funded research. The RQF was at the forefront of an international movement toward richer qualitative, contextual approaches that aimed to gauge the wider economic, social, environmental, and cultural benefits of research. Its construction and implementation sent mixed messages and created confusion about what impact is, and how it is best measured, to the extent that this bold live experiment did not come to fruition
Speculations About the Selective Basis for Modern Human Craniofacial Form

The last few decades have seen an explosion of knowledge about the time and place of origin of our species, Homo sapiens. New fossils, more sites, better dates, modern and fossil DNA, and scores of analyses have mostly disproved the multiregional model of human evolution. By and large, the evidence generally supports some version of the out-of-Africa model, according to which humans first evolved in Africa at least 200,000 years ago and then migrated to other parts of the world. Remaining debates about human origins primarily address if and how much hybridization occurred between modern humans and taxa of archaic Homo
such as H. neanderthalensis.Anthropolog
The 10kTrees Website: A New Online Resource for Primate Phylogeny

The comparative method plays a central role in efforts to uncover the adaptive basis for primate behaviors, morphological traits, and cognitive abilities.[1-4] The comparative method has been used, for example, to infer that living in a larger group selects for a larger neocortex,[5][6] that primate territoriality favors a longer day range relative to home range size,[7] and that sperm competition can account for the evolution of primate testes size.[8][9] Comparison is fundamental for reconstructing behavioral traits in the fossil record, for example, in studies of locomotion and diet.[10-13] Recent advances in comparative methods require phylogenetic information,[2][14-16] but our knowledge of phylogenetic information is imperfect. In the face of uncertainty about evolutionary relationships, which phylogeny should one use? Here we provide a new resource for comparative studies of primates that enables users to run comparative analyses on multiple primate phylogenies Importantly, the 10,000 trees that we provide are not random, but instead use recent systematic methods to create a plausible set of topologies that reflect our certainty about some nodes on the tree and uncertainty about other nodes, given the dataset. The trees also reflect uncertainty about branch lengths.Human Evolutionary Biolog
Human Adaptation to the Control of Fire

Charles Darwin attributed human evolutionary success to three traits. Our social habits and anatomy were important, he said, but the critical feature was our intelligence, because it led to so much else, including such traits as language, weapons, tools, boats, and the control of fire. Among these, he opined, the control of fire was “probably the greatest ever [discovery] made by man, excepting language.” Despite this early suggestion that the control of fire was even more important than tool use for human success, recent anthropologists have made only sporadic efforts to assess its evolutionary significance. Here we use recent developments in understanding the role of cooked food in human diets to support the spirit of Darwin's offhand remark. We first consider the role of fire in increasing the net caloric value of cooked foods compared to raw foods, and hence in accounting for the unique pattern of human digestion. We then review the compelling evidence that humans are biologically adapted to diets that include cooked food, and that humans have a long evolutionary history of an obligate dependence on fire. Accordingly, we end by considering the influence of fire on various aspects of human biology. We pay particular attention to life history, and also briefly discuss effects on anatomy, behavior, and cognition.Human Evolutionary Biolog
Functionally referential signals: a promising paradigm whose time has passed

Finding the evolutionary origins of human language in the communication systems of our closest living relatives has, for the last several decades, been a major goal of many in the field of animal communication generally and primate communication specifically.1–4 The so-called “functionally referential” signals have long been considered promising in this regard, with apparent parallels with the semantic communication that characterizes language. The once-prominent idea that functionally referential signals are word-like, in that they are arbitrary sounds that refer to phenomena external to the caller, has largely been abandoned.5 However, the idea that these signals may offer the strongest link between primate communication and human language remains widespread, primarily due to the fact the behavior of receivers indicates that such signals enable them to make very specific inferences about their physical or social environment. Here we review the concept of functional reference and discuss modern perspectives that indicate that, although the sophistication of receivers provides some continuity between nonhuman primate and human cognition, this continuity is not unique to functionally referential signals. In fact, because functionally referential signals are, by definition, produced only in specific contexts, receivers are less dependent on the integration of contextual cues with signal features to determine an appropriate response. The processing of functionally referential signals is therefore likely to entail simpler cognitive operations than does that of less context-specific signals. While studies of functional reference have been important in highlighting the relatively sophisticated processes that underlie receiver behavior, we believe that the continued focus on context-specific calls detracts from the potentially more complex processes underlying responses to more unspecific calls. In this sense, we argue that the concept of functional reference, while historically important for the field, has outlived its usefulness and become a red herring in the pursuit of the links between primate communication and human language
How humans evolved large brains: Comparative evidence

The human brain is about three times as large as that of our closest living relatives, the great apes. Overall brain size is a good predictor of cognitive performance in a variety of tests in primates.[1, 2] Therefore, hypotheses explaining the evolution of this remarkable difference have attracted much interest. In this review, we give an overview of the current evidence from comparative studies testing these hypotheses. If cognitive benefits are diverse and ubiquitous, it is possible that most of the variation in relative brain size among extant primates is explained by variation in the ability to avoid the fitness costs of increased brain size (allocation trade-offs and increased minimum energy needs). This is indeed what we find, suggesting that an energetic perspective helps to complement approaches to explain variation in brain size that postulate cognitive benefits. The expensive brain framework also provides a coherent scenario for how these factors may have shaped early hominin brain expansion
Transparency, usability, and reproducibility : guiding principles for improving comparative databases using primates as examples.

Recent decades have seen rapid development of new analytical methods to investigate patterns of interspecific variation. Yet these cutting-edge statistical analyses often rely on data of questionable origin, varying accuracy, and weak comparability, which seem to have reduced the reproducibility of studies. It is time to improve the transparency of comparative data while also making these improved data more widely available. We, the authors, met to discuss how transparency, usability, and reproducibility of comparative data can best be achieved. We propose four guiding principles: 1) data identification with explicit operational definitions and complete descriptions of methods; 2) inclusion of metadata that capture key characteristics of the data, such as sample size, geographic coordinates, and nutrient availability (for example, captive versus wild animals); 3) documentation of the original reference for each datum; and 4) facilitation of effective interactions with the data via user friendly and transparent interfaces. We urge reviewers, editors, publishers, database developers and users, funding agencies, researchers publishing their primary data, and those performing comparative analyses to embrace these standards to increase the transparency, usability, and reproducibility of comparative studies