pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Multiplicity dependence of charged pion, kaon, and (anti)proton production at large transverse momentum in p–Pb collisions at View the MathML source

The production of charged pions, kaons and (anti)protons has been measured at mid-rapidity (−0.5<y<0−0.5<y<0) in p–Pb collisions at View the MathML sourcesNN=5.02 TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Exploiting particle identification capabilities at high transverse momentum (pTpT), the previously published pTpT spectra have been extended to include measurements up to 20 GeV/c   for seven event multiplicity classes. The pTpT spectra for pp collisions at View the MathML sources=7 TeV, needed to interpolate a pp reference spectrum, have also been extended up to 20 GeV/c   to measure the nuclear modification factor (RpPbRpPb) in non-single diffractive p–Pb collisions.At intermediate transverse momentum (2<pT<10 GeV/c2<pT<10 GeV/c) the proton-to-pion ratio increases with multiplicity in p–Pb collisions, a similar effect is not present in the kaon-to-pion ratio. The pTpT dependent structure of such increase is qualitatively similar to those observed in pp and heavy-ion collisions. At high pTpT (>10 GeV/c>10 GeV/c), the particle ratios are consistent with those reported for pp and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC energies.At intermediate pTpT the (anti)proton RpPbRpPb shows a Cronin-like enhancement, while pions and kaons show little or no nuclear modification. At high pTpT the charged pion, kaon and (anti)proton RpPbRpPb are consistent with unity within statistical and systematic uncertainties
A class of hierarchical graphs as topologies for interconnection networks.

We study some topological and algorithmic properties of a recently defined hierarchical interconnection network, the hierarchical crossed cube HCC(k,n), which draws upon constructions used within the well-known hypercube and also the crossed cube. In particular, we study: the construction of shortest paths between arbitrary vertices in HCC(k,n); the connectivity of HCC(k,n); and one-to-all broadcasts in parallel machines whose underlying topology is HCC(k,n) (with both one-port and multi-port store-and-forward models of communication). Moreover, (some of) our proofs are applicable not just to hierarchical crossed cubes but to hierarchical interconnection networks formed by replacing crossed cubes with other families of interconnection networks. As such, we provide a generic construction with accompanying generic results relating to some topological and algorithmic properties of a wide range of hierarchical interconnection networks
Optogenetic control of spinal microcircuits : insights into locomotor rhythm and pattern generation

Mammalian locomotion is a complex task in which hundreds of muscles work together in a coordinated fashion. Neural networks in the spinal cord, known as central pattern generators (CPGs), carry all the components necessary to produce the cyclical pattern of muscle activity needed for locomotion. The fact that the locomotor CPG is innate and highly localized makes it outstanding as a subject to study how a complex, but concrete behavior, is produced by a neuronal network.
Two fundamental aspects of the CPG are rhythm generation, and flexor-extensor coordination. These two properties have sometimes been linked together, such as in the half-center model, in which the alternating activity between flexors and extensors are the cause of the rhythm. Other models for rhythm generation have also been postulated, consequently no consensus exists regarding the overall structure of the CPG for locomotion.
Pharmacological investigations have indicated that glutamatergic neurons as essential for locomotion. To further elucidate the function of these neurons, the work presented in this thesis has made use of a set of new tools to target glutamatergic neurons, and elucidate their specific contribution to locomotion.
A mouse was produced that expressed the optically gated ion channel Channelrhodopsin-2, making it possible for the first time to selectively activate a genetically specific sub-population of neurons in the spinal cord. The experiments using this mouse show that glutamatergic neuron activation is sufficient to produce locomotor-like activity, both in the spinal cord, and in the hindbrain.
With the use of another set of recently produced transgenic mice, it was possible to probe deeper into the structure of the CPG, and illuminate several key aspects of the organization of the network. Several proposed network models could be refuted and one in particular was promoted. The results show that the CPG network is build up from intrinsically rhythmic modules.
Furthermore, a mouse without glutamatergic neurotransmission was examined. What was found was that the locomotion deficient mouse could produce locomotor-like activity under special conditions, and this activity depended solely on inhibitory interneurons, specifically, reciprocally connected Ia interneurons.
Overall, glutamatergic neurons are shown to form intrinsically rhythmic modules that are indispensable for rhythm generation, and network function. The use of genetics and electrophysiology is a powerful combination that will continue to provide conclusions about how neural networks produce and control complex motor behavior
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H -> ZZ((*)) -> 4l with 4.8 fb(-1) of pp collision data at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

This Letter presents a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H -> ZZ((*)) -> l(+)l(-)l(-)+l(')-, where l,l' = e or mu, using proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb(-1). The four-lepton invariant mass distribution is compared with Standard Model background expectations to derive upper limits on the cross section of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass between 110 GeV and 600 GeV. The mass ranges 134-156 GeV, 182-233 GeV, 256-265 GeV and 268-415 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The largest upward deviations from the background-only hypothesis are observed for Higgs boson masses of 125 GeV, 244 GeV and 500 GeV with local significances of 2.1, 2.2 and 2.1 standard deviations, respectively. Once the look-elsewhere effect is considered, none of these excesses are significant
Discovery of a low-mass companion inside the debris ring surrounding the
  F5V star HD206893

Uncovering the ingredients and the architecture of planetary systems is a
very active field of research that has fuelled many new theories on giant
planet formation, migration, composition, and interaction with the
circumstellar environment. We aim at discovering and studying new such systems,
to further expand our knowledge of how low-mass companions form and evolve. We
obtained high-contrast H-band images of the circumstellar environment of the
F5V star HD206893, known to host a debris disc never detected in scattered
light. These observations are part of the SPHERE High Angular Resolution Debris
Disc Survey (SHARDDS) using the InfraRed Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph
(IRDIS) installed on VLT/SPHERE. We report the detection of a source with a
contrast of 3.6x10^{-5} in the H-band, orbiting at a projected separation of
270 milliarcsecond or 10 au, corresponding to a mass in the range 24 to 73 Mjup
for an age of the system in the range 0.2 to 2 Gyr. The detection was confirmed
ten months later with VLT/NaCo, ruling out a background object with no proper
motion. A faint extended emission compatible with the disc scattered light
signal is also observed. The detection of a low-mass companion inside a massive
debris disc makes this system an analog of other young planetary systems such
as beta Pictoris, HR8799 or HD95086 and requires now further characterisation
of both components to understand their interactions.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Designing a WAAM based manufacturing system for defense applications

Current developments in “Wire+Arc Additive Manufacturing” (WAAM) have demonstrated the suitability of the technology for rapid, delocalized and flexible manufacturing. Providing a defence platform with the ability of on-board WAAM capability, would give the platform unique advantages such as improved availability of its systems and ability to recover its capability after being subject to shock. This paper aims to investigate WAAM technology and define a WAAM based manufacturing system for In-platform applications
Evaluation of the criteria for the interpretation of the\ud
oral glucose tolerance test in the National Mother-Child Teaching Hospital ‘‘San Bartolome’’

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and alterations in microcirculation. We evaluate the criteria for the interpretation of the oral glucose tolerance\ud
test (OGTT) in the Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Ni˜no ‘‘San Bartolomé’’ in Lima, Peru, and determine the percentages of pre-diabetic patients, diabetics that should not be included in the test, and those with alterations in their glucose curve during the biochemical determinations. To this purpose, a non-experimental, prospective cross-sectional analytic study was performed in 1271 patients, included in the study to comply with the guidelines and recommendations of the ADA and the CLSI POCT12-A3 guide, which were processed in the Biochemical Autoanalyzer Biosystems A25. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical analyzer, and respecting ethical diabetics. The main results are 1.97% diabetic and 13.85% pre-diabetic. The LJ phenomenon occurred with 6.45% (alteration in glucose curve after oral load decreases plasma glucose concentration determination after 60 min and returns at relatively higher than the basal concentration levels\ud
at 180 min) and 5.19% were poorly studied, including a >110 mg/dl baseline (p = <0.05). We determined a high rate of pre-diabetic patients and a reduced rate of diabetes coincident with Qiao et al. We highlight the usefulness of the OGTT, which must be rigorously evaluated, and reaffirm the importance of the LJ phenomenon as it may interfere with the final results of\ud
unsolved events, and evidence the importance of interindividual biological variability
How to recognise a kick: a cognitive task analysis of drillers' situation awareness during well operations.

The ability to monitor and detect anomalous changes in an oil well is a fundamental aspect of an offshore driller?s job, so as to maintain well control, the safety of the surrounding rig and minimize risk. Drillers are required to have a high level of situation awareness in order to recognise and interpret indicators that suggest that hazardous hydrocarbons may have entered the well bore (referred to as kick detection), allowing them to take the best actions to deal with the situation. The aim was to use cognitive task analysis methods to identify the expert SA skills required for the complex task of kick detection
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler and biased agonists as 1 novel therapeutic agents in the 2 cardiovascular system

Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have emerged as a key signalling pathway in the cardiovascular system. The peptide is a potent inotropic agent and vasodilator. Remarkably, a peptide, Elabela/Toddler, that has little sequence similarity to apelin, has been proposed as a second endogenous apelin receptor ligand and is encoded by a gene from a region of the genome previously classified as ‘non-coding’. Apelin is downregulated in pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. To replace the missing endogenous peptide, ‘biased’ apelin agonists have been designed that preferentially activate G protein pathways resulting in reduced β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalisation, with the additional benefit of attenuating detrimental β-arrestin signalling. Proof-of-concept studies support the clinical potential for apelin receptor biased agonists.We acknowledge the Wellcome Trust Programmes in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (085686) and in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease (096822/Z/11/Z), the British Heart Foundation PG/09/050/27734, MRC and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.00
Investigation on fault ride-through methods for VSC-HVDC connected offshore wind farms

This paper proposes a novel fault-ride through method for offshore wind farms connected to grid through a voltage source converter (VSC)-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission. The proposed method introduces a controlled voltage drop at offshore grid when an onshore fault occurs. The idea behind is to achieve a fast power reduction. Additionally in the proposed idea, every individual wind turbine detects the voltage drop of offshore grid almost simultaneously, then its controller decreases the power set-point to reduce the power output from each wind turbine. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical simulations performed in PSCAD
A self paired Hopf algebra on double posets and a Littlewood Richardson rule

Let D be the set of isomorphism types of finite double partially ordered sets, that is sets endowed with two partial orders. On ZD we define a product and a coproduct, together with an internal product, that is, degree-preserving. With these operations ZD is a Hopf algebra. We define a symmetric bilinear form on this Hopf algebra: it counts the number of pictures (in the sense of Zelevinsky) between two double posets. This form is a Hopf pairing, which means that product and coproduct are adjoint each to another. The product and coproduct correspond respectively to disjoint union of posets and to a natural decomposition of a poset into order ideals. Restricting to special double posets (meaning that the second order is total), we obtain a notion equivalent to Stanley's labelled posets, and a Hopf subalgebra already considered by Blessenohl and Schocker. The mapping which maps each double poset onto the sum of the linear extensions of its first order, identified via its second (total) order with permutations, is a Hopf algebra homomorphism, which is isometric and preserves the internal product, onto the Hopf algebra of permutations, previously considered by the two authors. Finally, the scalar product between any special double poset and double posets naturally associated to integer partitions is described by an extension of the Littlewood–Richardson rule
Azimuthal decorrelation of jets widely separated in rapidity in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV

The decorrelation in the azimuthal angle between the most forward and the most backward jets (Mueller-Navelet jets) is measured in data collected in pp collisions with the CMS detector at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}$=7 TeV. The measurement is presented in the form of distributions of azimuthal-angle differences, Δϕ, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, the average cosines of (π − Δϕ), 2(π − Δϕ), and 3(π − Δϕ), and ratios of these cosines. The jets are required to have transverse momenta, pTT, in excess of 35 GeV and rapidities, |y|, of less than 4.7. The results are presented as a function of the rapidity separation, Δy, between the Mueller-Navelet jets, reaching Δy up to 9.4 for the first time. The results are compared to predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators and to analytical predictions based on the DGLAP and BFKL parton evolution schemes
Trading new neurons for status: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in eusocial Damaraland mole-rats

Diversity in social structures, from solitary to eusocial, is a prominent feature of subterranean African mole-rat species. Damaraland mole-rats are eusocial, they live in colonies that are characterized by a reproductive division of labor and a subdivision into castes based on physiology and behavior. Damaraland mole-rats are exceptionally long lived and reproductive animals show delayed aging compared to non-reproductive animals. In the present study, we described the hippocampal architecture and the rate of hippocampal neurogenesis of wild-derived, adult Damaraland mole-rats in relation to sex, relative age and social status or caste. Overall, Damaraland mole-rats were found to have a small hippocampus and low rates of neurogenesis. We found no correlation between neurogenesis and sex or relative age. Social status or caste was the most prominent modulator of neurogenesis. An inverse relationship between neurogenesis and social status was apparent, with queens displaying the lowest neurogenesis while the worker mole-rats had the most. As there is no natural progression from one caste to another, social status within a colony was relatively stable and is reflected in the level of neurogenesis. Our results correspond to those found in the naked mole-rat, and may reflect an evolutionary and environmentally conserved trait within social mole-rat species
Tutor-mediated Support in Blended Learnin

Higher education in Russia is actively encouraged to use blended learning as a response to main trends of modern education oriented to a competency-based approach, paradigm shift to students’ self-study training, transfer from the principle of “one education for a lifetime” to “lifelong learning throughout a lifetime”, freedom of university choice, academic mobility, education computerization and usage of new information. The efficacy of blended learning however doesn’t consist in simple integration of online component with traditional face-to-face classes. Tutor-mediated support is a key element of any blended course and it is able to provide the more effective use of technology. The article presents the idea of online tutoring that supports and enhances blended learning. We focus mainly on stresses and special duties placed on the tutor to cater effectively for all the needs of course participants
Effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression in reduction of risk of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had a stroke (CLOTS 3): a multicentre randomised controlled trial

SummaryBackgroundVenous thromboembolism is a common, potentially avoidable cause of death and morbidity in patients in hospital, including those with stroke. In surgical patients, intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but no reliable evidence exists about its effectiveness in patients who have had a stroke. We assessed the effectiveness of IPC to reduce the risk of DVT in patients who have had a stroke.MethodsThe CLOTS 3 trial is a multicentre parallel group randomised trial assessing IPC in immobile patients (ie, who cannot walk to the toilet without the help of another person) with acute stroke. We enrolled patients from day 0 to day 3 of admission and allocated them via a central randomisation system (ratio 1:1) to receive either IPC or no IPC. A technician who was masked to treatment allocation did a compression duplex ultrasound (CDU) of both legs at 7–10 days and, wherever practical, at 25–30 days after enrolment. Caregivers and patients were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up for 6 months to determine survival and later symptomatic venous thromboembolism. The primary outcome was a DVT in the proximal veins detected on a screening CDU or any symptomatic DVT in the proximal veins, confirmed on imaging, within 30 days of randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. Trial registration: ISRCTN93529999.FindingsBetween Dec 8, 2008, and Sept 6, 2012, 2876 patients were enrolled in 94 centres in the UK. The included patients were broadly representative of immobile stroke patients admitted to hospital and had a median age of 76 years (IQR 67–84). The primary outcome occurred in 122 (8·5%) of 1438 patients allocated IPC and 174 (12·1%) of 1438 patients allocated no IPC; an absolute reduction in risk of 3·6% (95% CI 1·4–5·8). Excluding the 323 patients who died before any primary outcome and 41 without any screening CDU, the adjusted OR for the comparison of 122 of 1267 patients vs 174 of 1245 patients was 0·65 (95% CI 0·51–0·84; p=0·001). Deaths in the treatment period occurred in 156 (11%) patients allocated IPC and 189 (13%) patients allocated no IPC died within the 30 days of treatment period (p=0·057); skin breaks on the legs were reported in 44 (3%) patients allocated IPC and in 20 (1%) patients allocated no IPC (p=0·002); falls with injury were reported in 33 (2%) patients in the IPC group and in 24 (2%) patients in the no-IPC group (p=0·221).InterpretationIPC is an effective method of reducing the risk of DVT and possibly improving survival in a wide variety of patients who are immobile after stroke.FundingNational Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) programme, UK; Chief Scientist Office of Scottish Government; Covidien (MA, USA)
Bose–Einstein correlations of π0 pairs from hadronic Z0 decays

AbstractWe observe Bose–Einstein correlations in π0 pairs using back-to-back two jet hadronic events from Z0 decays in the data sample collected by the OPAL detector at LEP 1 from 1991 to 1995. Using a static Gaussian picture for the pion emitter source, we obtain the chaoticity parameter λ=0.55±0.10±0.10 and the source radius R=(0.59±0.08±0.05) fm. According to the JETSET and HERWIG Monte Carlo models, the Bose–Einstein correlations in our data sample largely connect π0s originating from the decays of different hadrons. Prompt pions formed at string break-ups or cluster decays only form a small fraction of the sample
3-flavor and 4-flavor implications of the latest T2K and NOνA electron (anti-)neutrino appearance results

AbstractThe two long-baseline experiments T2K and NOνA have recently presented new findings. T2K has shown the first ν¯e appearance data while NOνA has released the first νe appearance results. These data are of particular importance because they allow us to probe for the first time in a direct (or manifest) way the leptonic CP-violation. In fact, it is the first time that a hint of CP-violation arises from the comparison of the observations of neutrinos and antineutrinos. We consider the implications of such new results both for the standard 3-flavor framework and for the non-standard 3+1 scheme involving one sterile neutrino species. The 3-flavor analysis shows a consolidation of the previous trends, namely a slight preference for sin⁡δ<0, disfavoring CP conservation (δ=0,π) with a statistical significance close to 90% C.L., and a mild preference (at more than 68% C.L.) for the normal hierarchy. In a 3+1 framework, the data constrain two CP-phases (δ13≡δ and δ14), which exhibit a slight preference for the common value δ13≃δ14≃−π/2. Interestingly, in the enlarged four neutrino scheme the preference for the normal hierarchy found within the 3-flavor framework completely disappears. This indicates that light sterile neutrinos may constitute a potential source of fragility in the capability of the two LBL experiments of discriminating the neutrino mass hierarchy