pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey : III. Second public data release

J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). V.W. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDMorph P.I. V. Wild) and European Career Re-integration Grant (Phiz-Ev P.I. V. Wild).This paper describes the Second Public Data Release (DR2) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. The data for 200 objects are made public, including the 100 galaxies of the First Public Data Release (DR1). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. Two different spectral setups are available for each galaxy, (i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM); and (ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 Å with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM). The sample covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, with a wide range of properties in the color-magnitude diagram, stellar mass, ionization conditions, and morphological types. All the cubes in the data release were reduced with the latest pipeline, which includes improvedspectrophotometric calibration, spatial registration, and spatial resolution. The spectrophotometric calibration is better than 6% and the median spatial resolution is 2.4. In total, the second data release contains over 1.5 million spectra.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Peri-pubertal exposure to testicular hormones organizes response to novel environments and social behavior in adult male rats

Funding was received from the Wellcome Trust ISSF (grant ID 097831/Z/11/Z) scheme, awarded to the University of St Andrews.Previous research has shown that exposure to testicular hormones during the peri-pubertal period of life has long-term, organizational effects on adult sexual behavior and underlying neural mechanisms in laboratory rodents. However, the organizational effects of peri-pubertal testicular hormones on other aspects of behavior and brain function are less well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of manipulating peri-pubertal testicular hormone exposure on later behavioral responses to novel environments and on hormone receptors in various brain regions that are involved in response to novelty. Male rodents generally spend less time in the exposed areas of novel environments than females, and this sex difference emerges during the peri-pubertal period. Male Lister-hooded rats (Rattus norvegicus) were castrated either before puberty or after puberty, then tested in three novel environments (elevated plus-maze, light-dark box, open field) and in an object/social novelty task in adulthood. Androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER1) and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R2) mRNA expression was quantified in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and medial amygdala. The results showed that pre-pubertally castrated males spent more time in the exposed areas of the elevated-plus maze and light-dark box than post-pubertally castrated males, and also confirmed that peri-pubertal hormone exposure influences later response to an opposite-sex conspecific. Hormone receptor gene expression levels did not differ between pre-pubertally and post-pubertally castrated males in any of the brain regions examined. This study therefore demonstrates that testicular hormone exposure during the peri-pubertal period masculinizes later response to novel environments, although the neural mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8TeV with the ATLAS detector

Several models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict neutral particles that decay into final states consisting of collimated jets of light leptons and hadrons (so-called “lepton jets”). These particles can also be long-lived with decay length comparable to, or even larger than, the LHC detectors’ linear dimensions. This paper presents the results of a search for lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV in a sample of 20.3 fb−1 collected during 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Limits on models predicting Higgs boson decays to neutral long-lived lepton jets are derived as a function of the particle’s proper decay length
Deriatives disclosure in corporate annual reports: bank analysts; perceptions of usefulness

Responding to mixed evidence on the decision-usefulness of annual report disclosures for derivative financial instruments to capital market participants, and concerns identified by practice, this paper examines usefulness in a direct study of user perceptions. Interviews\ud
with analysts from Australia’s four major banks reveal essential usefulness, limited by the disclosures’ failure to reflect companies’ actual use of derivatives throughout the period, and inability of users to understand companies’ off-balance sheet risk and risk management practices from information considered generic and boilerplate. The research complements and extends existing archival and survey research and provides new evidence suggesting\ud
low-cost ways for increasing usefulness. It supports the International Accounting Standards Board’s disclosure recommendations in its recent Discussion Paper: A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, but, at the same time, highlights that for these proposed measures to be successful in relation to IFRS 7, they may need to address other issues. The research increases knowledge of the informational requirements of lenders, an important class of financial information user, and supports calls from practice for companies to improve their disclosure of material economic risks
Transcatheter implantation of homologous “off-the-shelf” tissue-engineered heart valves with self-repair capacity : long-term functionality and rapid in vivo remodeling in sheep

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate long-term in vivo functionality, host cell repopulation, and remodeling of “off-the-shelf” tissue engineered transcatheter homologous heart valves.\ud
Background: Transcatheter valve implantation has emerged as a valid alternative to conventional surgery, in particular for elderly high-risk patients. However, currently used bioprosthetic transcatheter valves are prone to progressive dysfunctional degeneration, limiting their use in younger patients. To overcome these limitations, the concept of tissue engineered heart valves with self-repair capacity has been introduced as next-generation technology.\ud
Methods: In vivo functionality, host cell repopulation, and matrix remodeling of homologous transcatheter tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) was evaluated up to 24 weeks as pulmonary valve replacements (transapical access) in sheep (n = 12). As a control, tissue composition and structure were analyzed in identical not implanted TEHVs (n = 5).\ud
Results: Transcatheter implantation was successful in all animals. Valve functionality was excellent displaying sufficient leaflet motion and coaptation with only minor paravalvular leakage in some animals. Mild central regurgitation was detected after 8 weeks, increasing to moderate after 24 weeks, correlating to a compromised leaflet coaptation. Mean and peak transvalvular pressure gradients were 4.4 ± 1.6 mm Hg and 9.7 ± 3.0 mm Hg, respectively. Significant matrix remodeling was observed in the entire valve and corresponded with the rate of host cell repopulation.\ud
Conclusions: For the first time, the feasibility and long-term functionality of transcatheter-based homologous off-the-shelf tissue engineered heart valves are demonstrated in a relevant pre-clinical model. Such engineered heart valves may represent an interesting alternative to current prostheses because of their rapid cellular repopulation, tissue remodeling, and therewith self-repair capacity. The concept of homologous off-the-shelf tissue engineered heart valves may therefore substantially simplify previous tissue engineering concepts toward clinical translation
Dominant mixed QCD-electroweak $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s\alpha)$ corrections to Drell-Yan processes in the resonance region

A precise theoretical description of W- and Z-boson production in the resonance region is essential for the correct interpretation of high-precision measurements of the W-boson mass and the effective weak mixing angle. Currently, the largest unknown fixed-order contribution is given by the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections of $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s\alpha)$. We argue, using the framework of the pole expansion for the NNLO QCD-electroweak corrections established in a previous paper, that the numerically dominant corrections arise from the combination of large QCD corrections to the production with the large electroweak corrections to the decay of the W/Z boson. We calculate these so-called factorizable corrections of "initial-final" type and estimate the impact on the W-boson mass extraction. We compare our results to simpler approximate combinations of electroweak and QCD corrections in terms of naive products of NLO QCD and electroweak correction factors and using leading-logarithmic approximations for QED final-state radiation as provided by the structure-function approach or QED parton-shower programs. We also compute corrections of "final-final" type, which are given by finite counterterms to the leptonic vectorboson decays and are found to be numerically negligible
Influence of the physical environment on polar phytoplankton blooms: A case study in the Fram Strait

The Fram Strait is the main gateway for water, heat and sea-ice exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. The complex physical environment results in a highly variable primary production in space and time. Previous regional studies have defined key bottom-up (ice cover and stratification from melt water controlling the light availability, and wind mixing and water transport affecting the supply of nutrients) and top-down processes (heterotrophic grazing). In this study, in situ field data, remote sensing and modeling techniques were combined to investigate in detail the influence of melting sea-ice and ocean properties on the development of phytoplankton blooms in the Fram Strait region for the years 1998–2009. Satellite-retrieved chlorophyll-a concentrations from temporarily ice-free zones were validated with contextual field data. These were then integrated per month on a grid size of 20 × 20 km, resulting in 10 grids/fields. Factors tested for their influence on spatial and temporal variation of chlorophyll-a were: sea-ice concentration from satellite and sea-ice thickness, ocean stratification, water temperature and salinity time-series simulated by the ice-ocean model NAOSIM. The time series analysis for those ten ice-free fields showed a regional separation according to different physical processes affecting phytoplankton distribution. At the marginal ice zone the melting sea-ice was promoting phytoplankton growth by stratifying the water column and potentially seeding phytoplankton communities. In this zone, the highest mean chlorophyll concentration averaged for the productive season (April–August) of 0.8 mgC/m3 was observed. In the open ocean the phytoplankton variability was correlated highest to stratification formed by solar heating of the upper ocean layers. Coastal zone around Svalbard showed processes associated with the presence of coastal ice were rather suppressing than promoting the phytoplankton growth. During the twelve years of observations, chlorophyll concentrations significantly increased in the southern part of the Fram Strait, associated with an increase in sea surface temperature and a decrease in Svalbard coastal ice.\ud
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Highlights\ud
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•    We used combination of satellite, simulated and in situ data for 1998–2009.\ud
•    Stratification from sea-ice melt resulted in largest CHL at the marginal ice zone.\ud
•    Stratification caused by solar warming promoted open ocean blooms.\ud
•    Late retreat of Svalbard shelf ice delayed coastal blooms.\ud
\u
Semiclassical stationary states for nonlinear Schrödinger equations under a strong external magnetic field

We construct solutions to the nonlinear magnetic Schrödinger equation −ε²ΔA/ε2u+Vu=|u|p−2u in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω, in the semiclassical régime under strong magnetic fields. In contrast with the well-studied mild magnetic field régime, the limiting energy depends on the magnetic field allowing to recover the Lorentz force in the semi-classical limit. Our solutions concentrate around global or local minima of a limiting energy that depends on the electric potential and on the magnetic field. Our results cover unbounded domains, fast-decaying electric potential and unbounded electromagnetic fields. The construction is variational and is based on an asymptotic analysis of solutions to a penalized problem following the strategy of M. del Pino and P. Felmer
Differentiating neural reward responsiveness in autism versus ADHD.

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) share certain neurocognitive characteristics, it has been hypothesized to differentiate the two disorders based on their brain's reward responsiveness to either social or monetary reward. Thus, the present fMRI study investigated neural activation in response to both reward types in age and IQ-matched boys with ADHD versus ASD relative to typically controls (TDC). A significant group by reward type interaction effect emerged in the ventral striatum with greater activation to monetary versus social reward only in TDC, whereas subjects with ADHD responded equally strong to both reward types, and subjects with ASD showed low striatal reactivity across both reward conditions. Moreover, disorder-specific neural abnormalities were revealed, including medial prefrontal hyperactivation in response to social reward in ADHD versus ventral striatal hypoactivation in response to monetary reward in ASD. Shared dysfunction was characterized by fronto-striato-parietal hypoactivation in both clinical groups when money was at stake. Interestingly, lower neural activation within parietal circuitry was associated with higher autistic traits across the entire study sample. In sum, the present findings concur with the assumption that both ASD and ADHD display distinct and shared neural dysfunction in response to reward
Jets in multiparticle production in and beyond geometry of proton–proton collisions at the LHC

Experimental findings by CMS on properties of jets and underlying events at high multiplicities in proton–proton interactions at 7 TeV are interpreted as an indication of increasing role of central collisions with small impact parameters. The value of the average impact parameter of the pp collisions as a function of the soft hadron multiplicity is estimated. We find an indication that the rates of different hard processes observed by CMS and ALICE universally depend on the underlying event charged-particle multiplicity until it becomes four times higher than average. It is shown that the increase of the overlap area of colliding protons is not sufficient to explain the rate of jet production in events with charged-particle multiplicity that is more than three times higher than average. New mechanisms are necessary, like interaction of protons in rare configurations of higher than average gluon density. Such mechanisms are not included in the present Monte Carlo event generators. Further studies are proposed
Status of the Zee–Babu model for neutrino mass and possible tests at a like-sign linear collider

We provide an updated scan of the allowed parameter space of the two-loop Zee–Babu model for neutrino mass. Taking into account most recent experimental data on <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>μ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> as well as the mixing angle <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msub></math> we obtain lower bounds on the masses of the singly and doubly charged scalars of between 1 and 2 TeV, with some dependence on perturbativity and fine-tuning requirements. This makes the scalars difficult to observe at LHC with 14 TeV even with optimistic assumptions on the luminosity, and would require a multi-TeV linear collider to see the scalar resonances. We point out, however, that a sub-TeV linear collider in the like-sign mode may be able to observe lepton flavor violating processes such as <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></math> due to contact interactions induced by the doubly charged scalar with masses up to around 10 TeV. We investigate the possibility to distinguish the Zee–Babu model from the Higgs triplet model using such processes
Hydrodynamic modes of a holographic p −wave superfluid

In this work we analyze the hydrodynamics of a p − wave superfluid on its strongly coupled regime by considering its holographic description. We obtain the poles of the retarded Green function through the computation of the quasi-normal modes of the dual AdS black hole background finding diffusive, pseudo-diffusive and sound modes. For the sound modes we compute the speed of sound and its attenuation as function of the temperature. For the diffusive and pseudo-diffusive modes we find that they acquire a non-zero real part at certain finite momentum
The inside outs of AdS 3 /CFT 2 : exact AdS wormholes with entangled CFT duals

We present the complete family of solutions of 3D gravity (Λ < 0) with two asymptotically AdS exterior regions. The solutions are constructed from data at the two boundaries, which correspond to two independent and arbitrary stress tensors T R , T − R $$ {\overset{-}{T}}_R $$ , and T L , T − L $$ {\overset{-}{T}}_L $$ . The two exteriors are smoothly joined on to an interior region through a regular horizon. We find CFT duals of these geometries which are entangled states of two CFT’s. We compute correlators between general operators at the two boundaries and find perfect agreement between CFT and bulk calculations. We calculate and match the CFT entanglement entropy (EE) with the holographic EE which involves geodesics passing through the wormhole. We also compute a holographic, non-equilibrium entropy for the CFT using properties of the regular horizon. The construction of the bulk solutions here uses an exact version of Brown-Henneaux type diffeomorphisms which are asymptotically nontrivial and transform the CFT states by two independent unitary operators on the two sides. Our solutions provide an infinite family of explicit examples of the ER=EPR relation of Maldacena and Susskind [1]
Observations of the magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586 with the MAGIC
  telescopes

Magnetars are an extreme, highly magnetized class of isolated neutron stars
whose large X-ray luminosity is believed to be driven by their high magnetic
field. In this work we study for the first time the possible very high energy
gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV from magnetars, observing the sources 4U
0142+61 and 1E 2259+586. We observed the two sources with atmospheric Cherenkov
telescopes in the very high energy range (E > 100 GeV). 4U 0142+61 was observed
with the MAGIC I telescope in 2008 for ~25 h and 1E 2259+586 was observed with
the MAGIC stereoscopic system in 2010 for ~14 h. The data were analyzed with
the standard MAGIC analysis software. Neither magnetar was detected. Upper
limits to the differential and integral flux above 200 GeV were computed using
the Rolke algorithm. We obtain integral upper limits to the flux of
1.52*10^-12cm^-2 s^-1 and 2.7*10^-12cm^-2 s^-1 with a confidence level of 95%
for 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586, respectively. The resulting differential upper
limits are presented together with X-ray data and upper limits in the GeV
energy range
The 72-h WEBT microvariability observation of blazar S5 0716+714 in 2009

Context. The international Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium planned and carried out three days of intensive micro-variability observations of S5 0716+714 from February 22, 2009 to February 25, 2009. This object was chosen due to its bright apparent magnitude range, its high declination, and its very large duty cycle for micro-variations. Aims. We report here on the long continuous optical micro-variability light curve of 0716+714 obtained during the multi-site observing campaign during which the Blazar showed almost constant variability over a 0.5 mag range. The resulting light curve is presented here for the first time. Observations from participating observatories were corrected for instrumental differences and combined to construct the overall smoothed light curve. Methods. Thirty-six observatories in sixteen countries participated in this continuous monitoring program and twenty of them submitted data for
compilation into a continuous light curve. The light curve was analyzed using several techniques including Fourier transform, Wavelet and noise analysis techniques. Those results led us to model the light curve by attributing the variations to a series of synchrotron pulses. Results. We have interpreted the observed microvariations in this extended light curve in terms of a new model consisting of individual stochastic pulses due to cells in a turbulent jet which are energized by a passing shock and cool by means of synchrotron emission. We obtained an excellent fit to the 72-hour light curve with the synchrotron pulse model.http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_toc&url=/articles/aa/abs/2013/10/contents/contents.htmlhttp://www.aanda.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20122023
Lie Algebraic Discussions for Time-Inhomogeneous Linear Birth–Death Processes with Immigration

First online: 16 July 2014Analytical solutions for time-inhomogeneous linear birth–death processes with immigration are derived. While time-inhomogeneous linear birth–death processes without immigration have been studied by using a generating function approach, the processes with immigration are here analyzed by Lie algebraic discussions. As a result, a restriction for time-inhomogeneity of the birth–death process is understood from the viewpoint of the finiteness of the dimensionality of the Lie algebra
Impact of stakeholder type and collaboration on issue resolution time in OSS Projects

Born as a movement of collective contribution of volunteer developers, Open source software (OSS) attracts an increasing involvement of commercial firms. Many OSS projects are composed of a mix group of firm-\ud
paid and volunteer developers, with different motivation, collaboration practices and working styles. As OSS is collaborative work in nature, it is\ud
important to know whether these differences have an impact on project outcomes. In this paper, we empirically investigate the firm-paid participation in resolving OSS evolution issues, the stakeholder collaboration and its impact on OSS issue resolution time. The results suggest that though a firm-paid developer resolves much more issues than a volunteer developer does, there is no difference in issue resolution time between firm-paid and volunteer developers. Besides, the more important factor that influences the issue resolution time comes from the collaboration among\ud
stakeholders rather than from measures of individual characteristics.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft