pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A mixed action analysis of η and η′ mesons

We study η and η′ mesons and their mixing angle in a mixed action approach with so-called Osterwalder–Seiler valence quarks on a Wilson twisted mass sea. The gauge configurations have been generated by ETMC for Nf=2+1+1 dynamical quark flavours and for three values of the lattice spacing. The main results are that differences in between the mixed action and the unitary approach vanish towards the continuum limit with the expected rate of O(a2) . The individual size of the lattice artifacts depends, however, strongly on the observable used to match unitary and valence actions. Moreover, we show that for the η mass valence and valence plus sea quark mass dependence differ significantly. Hence, in this case a re-tuning of the simulation parameters in the valence sector only is not sufficient to compensate for mismatches in the original quark masses
Set multi-covering via inclusion-exclusion

Set multi-covering is a generalization of the set covering problem where each element may need to be covered more than once and thus some subset in the given family of subsets may be picked several times for minimizing the number of sets to satisfy the coverage requirement. In this paper, we propose a family of exact algorithms for the set multi-covering problem based on the inclusion-exclusion principle. The presented ESMC (Exact Set Multi-Covering) algorithm takes O* ((2 t)n) time and O* ((t + 1)n) space where t is the maximum value in the coverage requirement set (The O* (f (n)) notation omits a p o l y log (f (n)) factor). We also propose the other three exact algorithms through different tradeoffs of the time and space complexities. To the best of our knowledge, this present paper is the first one to give exact algorithms for the set multi-covering problem with nontrivial time and space complexities. This paper can also be regarded as a generalization of the exact algorithm for the set covering problem given in [A. Björklund, T. Husfeldt, M. Koivisto, Set partitioning via inclusion-exclusion, SIAM Journal on Computing, in: FOCS 2006 (in press, special issue)]. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.postprin
Chimpanzees copy dominant and knowledgeable individuals : implications for cultural diversity.

Evolutionary theory predicts that natural selection will fashion cognitive biases to guide when, and from whom, individuals acquire social information, but the precise nature of these biases, especially in ecologically valid group contexts, remains unknown. We exposed four captive groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to a novel extractive foraging device and, by fitting statistical models, isolated four simultaneously operating transmission biases. These include biases to copy (i) higher-ranking and (ii) expert individuals, and to copy others when (iii) uncertain or (iv) of low rank. High-ranking individuals were relatively un-strategic in their use of acquired knowledge, which, combined with the bias for others to observe them, may explain reports that high innovation rates (in juveniles and subordinates) do not generate a correspondingly high frequency of traditions in chimpanzees. Given the typically low rank of immigrants in chimpanzees, a ‘copying dominants’ bias may contribute to the observed maintenance of distinct cultural repertoires in neighboring communities despite sharing similar ecology and knowledgeable migrants. Thus, a copying dominants strategy may, as often proposed for conformist transmission, and perhaps in concert with it, restrict the accumulation of traditions within chimpanzee communities whilst maintaining cultural diversity
The impact of parenthood on physical aggression : evidence from criminal data.

Evolutionary approaches to sex differences in physical aggression weigh the potential benefits of aggression against the likely costs to inclusive fitness, with some authors focusing on the damage physical injury would do to female inclusive fitness, and others on the extent to which success in physical competition may particularly enhance male fitness. This study tested a hypothesis derived from these approaches: that parents would be less physically aggressive than non-parents because of the damage any physical injury would do to their inclusive fitness. Analysis was carried out using the United States federal sentencing records for 1994–1999 (22,344 individuals). The proportion of theft convictions which were violent (robbery; vs. larceny) was significantly greater for men than women (odds ratio 7.7). As predicted, non-parents were significantly more likely to be violent than parents (odds ratio 1.6). Parenthood had a similar effect on relative rates of violence in men and women, although the baseline was considerably higher for men. There was also a significant effect in men of marital status, which interacted with parental status such that parenthood was only associated with a reduction in rates of violence in males recorded as partnered. The results are interpreted in terms of both evolutionary theory and recent work on the hormonal impacts of marriage and parenthood
The role of flavon cross couplings in leptonic flavour mixing.

In models with discrete flavour symmetries, flavons are critical to realise specific flavour structures. Leptonic flavour mixing originates from the misalignment of flavon vacuum expectation values which respect different residual symmetries in the charged lepton and neutrino sectors. Flavon cross couplings are usually forbidden, in order to protect these symmetries. Contrary to this approach, we show that cross couplings can play a key role and give raise to necessary corrections to flavour-mixing patterns, including a non-zero value for the reactor angle and CP violation. For definiteness, we present two models based on A4. In the first model, all flavons are assumed to be real or pseudo-real, with 7 real degrees of freedom in the flavon sector in total. A sizable reactor angle associated with nearly maximal CP violation is achieved, and, as both originate from the same cross coupling, a sum rule results with a precise prediction for the value of the Dirac CP-violating phase. In the second model, the flavons are taken to be complex scalars, which can be connected with supersymmetric models and multi-Higgs models. The complexity properties of flavons provide new sources for generating the reactor angle. Models in this new approach introduce very few degrees of freedom beyond the Standard Model and can be more economical than those in the framework of extra dimension or supersymmetry
Two-stage acceleration of interstellar ions driven by high-energy lepton plasma flows

We present the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results of the interaction of a high-energy lepton plasma flow with background electron-proton plasma and focus on the acceleration processes of the protons. It is found that the acceleration follows a two-stage process. In the first stage, protons are significantly accelerated transversely (perpendicular to the lepton flow) by the turbulent magnetic field "islands" generated via the strong Weibel-type instabilities. The accelerated protons shows a perfect inverse-power energy spectrum. As the interaction continues, a shockwave structure forms and the protons in front of the shockwave are reflected at twice of the shock speed, resulting in a quasi-monoenergetic peak located near 200 MeV under the simulation parameters. The presented scenario of ion acceleration may be relevant to cosmic-ray generation in some astrophysical environments
An on-line chromatic and scale-space microvasculature-tracing analysis for transmitted light optical images

Limited contrast in optical images from intravital microscopy is problematic for analysing tumour vascular morphology. Moreover, in some cases, changes in vasculature are visible to a human observer but are not easy to quantify. In this paper two quantitative on-line algorithms are presented: scale-space vessel tracing and chromatic decomposition for tumour vasculature from in-vivo transmitted light optical images. The algorithms were tested on intravital window chamber images of the vasculature from SW1222 human colorectal carcinomas, which were treated with a vascular disrupting agent combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA-4-P) or saline. The results confirmed the well-known effects of CA-4-P on the constriction of vessels. Furthermore, changes in the chromaticity suggest a deoxygenation of the blood with a recovery to initial levels in CA-4-P-treated tumours relative to the controls. The algorithms can be freely applied to any vascular image through the CAIMAN (CAncer IMage ANalysis: http://www.caiman.org.uk)
Minimal $D=7$ Supergravity and the supersymmetry of Arnold-Beltrami Flux
  branes

In this paper we study some properties of the newly found Arnold-Beltrami
flux-brane solutions to the minimal $D=7$ supergravity. To this end we first
single out the appropriate Free Differential Algebra containing both a gauge
$3$-form $\mathbf{B}^{[3]}$ and a gauge $2$-form $\mathbf{B}^{[2]}$: then we
present the complete rheonomic parametrization of all the generalized
curvatures. This allows us to identify two-brane configurations with
Arnold-Beltrami fluxes in the transverse space with exact solutions of
supergravity and to analyze the Killing spinor equation in their background. We
find that there is no preserved supersymmetry if there are no additional
translational Killing vectors. Guided by this principle we explicitly construct
Arnold-Beltrami flux two-branes that preserve $0$, $1/8$ and $1/4$ of the
original supersymmetry. Two-branes without fluxes are instead BPS states and
preserve $1/2$ supersymmetry. For each two-brane solution we carefully study
its discrete symmetry that is always given by some appropriate crystallographic
group $\Gamma$. Such symmetry groups $\Gamma$ are transmitted to the $D=3$
gauge theories on the brane world--volume that occur in the gauge/gravity
correspondence. Furthermore we illustrate the intriguing relation between gauge
fluxes in two-brane solutions and hyperinstantons in $D=4$ topological
sigma-models.Comment: 56 pages, LaTeX source, 8 jpg figures, typos correcte
VISION - Vienna survey in Orion I. VISTA Orion A Survey

Orion A hosts the nearest massive star factory, thus offering a unique
opportunity to resolve the processes connected with the formation of both low-
and high-mass stars. Here we present the most detailed and sensitive
near-infrared (NIR) observations of the entire molecular cloud to date. With
the unique combination of high image quality, survey coverage, and sensitivity,
our NIR survey of Orion A aims at establishing a solid empirical foundation for
further studies of this important cloud. In this first paper we present the
observations, data reduction, and source catalog generation. To demonstrate the
data quality, we present a first application of our catalog to estimate the
number of stars currently forming inside Orion A and to verify the existence of
a more evolved young foreground population. We used the European Southern
Observatory's (ESO) Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA)
to survey the entire Orion A molecular cloud in the NIR $J, H$, and $K_S$
bands, covering a total of $\sim$18.3 deg$^2$. We implemented all data
reduction recipes independently of the ESO pipeline. Estimates of the young
populations toward Orion A are derived via the $K_S$-band luminosity function.
Our catalog (799995 sources) increases the source counts compared to the Two
Micron All Sky Survey by about an order of magnitude. The 90% completeness
limits are 20.4, 19.9, and 19.0 mag in $J, H$, and $K_S$, respectively. The
reduced images have 20% better resolution on average compared to pipeline
products. We find between 2300 and 3000 embedded objects in Orion A and confirm
that there is an extended foreground population above the Galactic field, in
agreement with previous work. The Orion A VISTA catalog represents the most
detailed NIR view of the nearest massive star-forming region and provides a
fundamental basis for future studies of star formation processes toward Orion.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, high-quality version available at
  http://homepage.univie.ac.at/stefan.meingast/vision.pd
Observation of $\eta_{c}(2S) \to p \bar p$ and search for $X(3872) \to p
  \bar p$ decays

The first observation of the decay $\eta_{c}(2S) \to p \bar p$ is reported
using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
$3.0\rm \, fb^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies
of 7 and 8 TeV. The $\eta_{c}(2S)$ resonance is produced in the decay $B^{+}
\to [c\bar c] K^{+}$. The product of branching fractions normalised to that for
the $J/\psi$ intermediate state, ${\cal R}_{\eta_{c}(2S)}$, is measured to be
\begin{align*} {\cal R}_{\eta_{c}(2S)}\equiv\frac{{\mathcal B}(B^{+} \to
\eta_{c}(2S) K^{+}) \times {\mathcal B}(\eta_{c}(2S) \to p \bar p)}{{\mathcal
B}(B^{+} \to J/\psi K^{+}) \times {\mathcal B}(J/\psi\to p \bar p)} =~& (1.58
\pm 0.33 \pm 0.09)\times 10^{-2}, \end{align*} where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second systematic. No signals for the decays $B^{+} \to
X(3872) (\to p \bar p) K^{+}$ and $B^{+} \to \psi(3770) (\to p \bar p) K^{+}$
are seen, and the 95\% confidence level upper limits on their relative
branching ratios are % found to be ${\cal R}_{X(3872)}<0.25\times10^{-2}$ and
${\cal R}_{\psi(3770))}<0.10$. In addition, the mass differences between the
$\eta_{c}(1S)$ and the $J/\psi$ states, between the $\eta_{c}(2S)$ and the
$\psi(2S)$ states, and the natural width of the $\eta_{c}(1S)$ are measured as
\begin{align*} M_{J/\psi} - M_{\eta_{c}(1S)} =~& 110.2 \pm 0.5 \pm 0.9 \rm \,
MeV, M_{\psi(2S)} -M_{\eta_{c}(2S)} =~ & 52.5 \pm 1.7 \pm 0.6 \rm \, MeV,
\Gamma_{\eta_{c}(1S)} =~& 34.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 1.3 \rm \, MeV. \end{align*}Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures All figures and tables, along with any
  supplementary material and additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-016.htm
The WITCH Experiment : towards weak interactions studies. Status and prospects

Primary goal of the WITCH experiment is to test the Standard Model for a possible ad-mixture of a scalar or tensor type interaction in $\beta$-decay. This information will be inferred from the shape of the recoil energy spectrum. The experimental set-up was completed and is under intensive commissioning at ISOLDE (CERN). It combines a Penning trap to store the ions and a retardation spectrometer to probe the recoil ion energy. A brief overview of the WITCH set-up and the results of commissioning tests performed until now are presented. Finally, perspectives of the physics program are reviewed.Primary goal of the WITCH experiment is to test the Standard Model for a possible ad-mixture of a scalar or tensor type interaction in beta-decay. This information will be inferred from the shape of the recoil energy spectrum. The experimental set-up was completed and is under intensive commissioning at ISOLDE (CERN). It combines a Penning trap to store the ions and a retardation spectrometer to probe the recoil ion energy. A brief overview of the WITCH set-up and the results of commissioning tests performed until now are presented. Finally, perspectives of the physics program are reviewed
Hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes modulate effects of anticholinergic treatment on delayed recall in healthy older adults.

"Introduction\ud
Volumes of hippocampus and cholinergic basal forebrain are associated with delayed recall performance and may modulate the effect of a muscarinic receptor antagonist on delayed recall in healthy volunteers\ud
Methods\ud
We studied 15 older adults before and after the oral administration of a single dose of 1 or 2 mg of the preferential M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist trihexyphenidyl (Artane™) or placebo in a double-blind randomized cross-over design. Hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.\ud
Results\ud
We found a significant interaction between treatment and hippocampus volume and a trend level effect between treatment and anterior basal forebrain volume on task performance, with an attenuation of the association between volume size and performance with trihexyphenidyl.\ud
Discussion\ud
These findings suggest a reduction of delayed recall performance with increasing doses of the muscarinic antagonist that is related to an uncoupling of the association of task performance with cholinergic basal forebrain and hippocampus volumes.
Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using root s=8 TeV proton-proton collision data

A search for squarks and gluinos in final states containing high-pT jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment in root s = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, with a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1). Results are interpreted in a variety of simplified and specific supersymmetry-breaking models assuming that R-parity is conserved and that the lightest neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the lightest neutralino. For a simplified model involving the strong production of first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 850 GeV (440 GeV) are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino, assuming mass degenerate ( single light-flavour) squarks. In mSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan beta = 30, A(0) = -2m(0) and mu > 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. Additional limits are set for non-universal Higgs mass models with gaugino mediation and for simplified models involving the pair production of gluinos, each decaying to a top squark and a top quark, with the top squark decaying to a charm quark and a neutralino. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous searches with the ATLAS detector
Long-term restenosis rate of eversion endarterectomy on the internal carotid artery.

OBJECTIVES: The eversion endarterectomy of the internal carotid artery was introduced in Hungary in 1991. The aim of this study was to define the long-term restenosis rate of this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1993, 171 operations, on 151 patients, were performed by single surgeon: with long-term follow up of 109 patients, which included annual physical and ultrasound examinations. Restenosis rate and plaque morphology were defined. Survival and patency rate were analysed by life-tables. RESULTS: The combined perioperative stroke morbidity and mortality rate was 0.8%. The 5-year patient survival rate was 85%, the recurrent stenosis free rate was 88% at 5 years. Only 9% of the patients had carotid restenosis of more than 70% during this period. Ultrasound plaque morphology showed calcification in one case. Two patients had re-operations, with plaque histology showed myointimal hyperplasia in each case. CONCLUSIONS: Our results for restenosis are compare favourably with the 2-34% restenosis rate reported in the literature. Ultrasound and histological findings suggest that atherosclerosis does not play a significant role in the development of restenosis after the eversion carotid endarterectomy
Validating the semantics of a medical iconic language using ontological reasoning.

International audienceTo help clinicians read medical texts such as clinical practice guidelines or drug monographs, we proposed an iconic language called VCM. This language can use icons to represent the main medical concepts, including diseases, symptoms, treatments and follow-up procedures, by combining various pictograms, shapes and colors. However, the semantics of this language have not been formalized, and users may create inconsistent icons, e.g. by combining the "tumor" shape and the "sleeping" pictograms into a "tumor of sleeping" icon. This work aims to represent the VCM language using DLs and OWL for evaluating its semantics by reasoners, and in particular for determining inconsistent icons. We designed an ontology for formalized the semantics of VCM icons using the Protégé editor and scripts for translating the VCM lexicon in OWL. We evaluated the ability of the ontology to determine icon consistency for a set of 100 random icons. The evaluation showed good results for determining icon consistency, with a high sensitivity. The ontology may also be useful for the design of mapping between VCM and other medical terminologies, for generating textual labels for icons, and for developing user interfaces for creating VCM icons
A laboratory study of low-mode internal tide scattering by finite-amplitude topography.

International audienceWe present the first laboratory experimental results concerning the scattering of a low-mode internal tide by a gaussian topography. Experiments performed at the Coriolis Platform in Grenoble used a recently-conceived internal wave generator as a means of producing a high-quality mode-1 wave field. The evolution of the wave field in the absence and presence of a supercritical Gaussian was studied by performing spatiotemporal modal decompositions of velocity field data obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The results support predictions that large-amplitude supercritical topography produces significant reflection of the internal tide and transfer of energy from low to high modes
Jet mass and substructure of inclusive jets in sqrt(s) = 7 TeV pp
  collisions with the ATLAS experiment

Recent studies have highlighted the potential of jet substructure techniques
to identify the hadronic decays of boosted heavy particles. These studies all
rely upon the assumption that the internal substructure of jets generated by
QCD radiation is well understood. In this article, this assumption is tested on
an inclusive sample of jets recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2010, which
corresponds to 35 pb^-1 of pp collisions delivered by the LHC at sqrt(s) = 7
TeV. In a subsample of events with single pp collisions, measurementes
corrected for detector efficiency and resolution are presented with full
systematic uncertainties. Jet invariant mass, kt splitting scales and
n-subjettiness variables are presented for anti-kt R = 1.0 jets and
Cambridge-Aachen R = 1.2 jets. Jet invariant-mass spectra for Cambridge-Aachen
R = 1.2 jets after a splitting and filtering procedure are also presented.
Leading-order parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions for these variables are
found to be broadly in agreement with data. The dependence of mean jet mass on
additional pp interactions is also explored.Comment: 31 pages plus author list (54 pages total), 17 figures, matches JHEP
  versio
Preconcentration Modeling for the Optimization of a Micro Gas Preconcentrator Applied to Environmental Monitoring

International audienceThis paper presents the complete modeling of the preconcentration cycle for the optimization of a Micro Gas Preconcentrator applied to atmospheric pollution monitoring. The particularity of this modeling is based on the fact that it includes all equations governing not only the adsorption and desorption phenomena but also the detection phase. Two different approaches based on kinetic equations were used to illustrate the behavior of the Micro Gas Preconcentrator for given experimental conditions. The need of a high adsorption flow and heating rate, a low desorption flow and detection volume is demonstrated through this paper