pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into Fast Lithium-Ion Conduction in Li4SiO4–Li3PO4 Solid Electrolytes

Solid electrolytes that are chemically stable and have a high ionic conductivity would dramatically enhance the safety and operating lifespan of rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we apply a multi-technique approach to the Li-ion conducting system (1–z)Li4SiO4–(z)Li3PO4 with the aim of developing a solid electrolyte with enhanced ionic conductivity. Previously unidentified superstructure and immiscibility features in high-purity samples are characterized by X-ray and neutron diffraction across a range of compositions (z = 0.0–1.0). Ionic conductivities from AC impedance measurements and large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are in good agreement, showing very low values in the parent phases (Li4SiO4 and Li3PO4) but orders of magnitude higher conductivities (10–3 S/cm at 573 K) in the mixed compositions. The MD simulations reveal new mechanistic insights into the mixed Si/P compositions in which Li-ion conduction occurs through 3D pathways and a cooperative interstitial mechanism; such correlated motion is a key factor in promoting high ionic conductivity. Solid-state 6Li, 7Li, and 31P NMR experiments reveal enhanced local Li-ion dynamics and atomic disorder in the solid solutions, which are correlated to the ionic diffusivity. These unique insights will be valuable in developing strategies to optimize the ionic conductivity in this system and to identify next-generation solid electrolytes.The ALISTORE ERI and CNRS are acknowledged for supporting Y.D. through a joint Ph.D. scholarship between Picardie (France) and Bath (UK). The authors thank D. Sheptyakov (PSI, Switzerland) and M. Bianchini (ILL-Grenoble, France) for assistance with neutron diffraction experiments, and M. T. Dunstan (Cambridge, UK) for assistance with NMR experiments. Financial support from the EPSRC Energy Materials Programme (Grant EP/K016288) is gratefully acknowledged. The HPC Materials Chemistry Consortium (EP/L000202) allowed use of the ARCHER facilities. O.P. and S.E. acknowledge support from a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2014-EF, no. 655444) and an ERASMUS+ scholarship, respectively.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Chemical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b0444
Quantum loops in radiative decays of the a(1) and b(1) axial-vector mesons

10 pages, 4 figures.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000251895400004.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0611075Printed version published on Dec 13, 2007.A previous model where the low-lying axial-vector mesons are dynamically generated, implementing unitarity in coupled channels in the vector-pseudoscalar (VP) meson interaction, is applied to evaluate the decay widths of the a(1)(1260) and b(1)(1235) axial-vector mesons into πγ. Unlike the case of the a(1), the b(1) radiative decay is systematically underestimated at tree level. In this work we evaluate for the first time the loop contribution coming from an initial VP vertex. Despite the large superficial divergence of the loops, the convergence of the relevant loops can be established by using arguments of gauge invariance. The partial decay widths obtained agree with the experimental values within uncertainties, and we show that the loop contribution is crucial in the b(1) case and also important for the a(1) case.This work is partly supported by DGICYT contract number FIS2006-03438, the Generalitat Valenciana and the JSPS–CSIC Collaboration agreement No. 2005JP0002. This research is part of the EU Integrated Infrastructure Initiative Hadron Physics Project under contract number RII3-CT-2004-506078.Peer reviewe
Search for stopped long-lived particles produced in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

31 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.-- Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.A search has been performed for long-lived particles that have stopped in the CMS detector, during 7 TeV proton-proton operations of the CERN LHC. The existence of such particles could be inferred from observation of their decays when there were no proton-proton collisions in the CMS detector, namely during gaps between LHC beam crossings. Using a data set in which CMS recorded an integrated luminosity of 4.0 inverse femtobarns, and a search interval corresponding to 246 hours of trigger live time, 12 events are observed, with a mean background prediction of 8.6+/-2.4 events. Limits are presented at 95% confidence level on long-lived gluino and stop production, over 13 orders of magnitude of particle lifetime. Assuming the "cloud model" of R-hadron interactions, a gluino with mass below 640 GeV and a stop with mass below 340 GeV are excluded, for lifetimes between 10 microseconds and 1000 seconds.European Commission; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria); Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (Belgium); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Colciencias (Colombia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Deutschland); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; General Secretariat of Research and Technology (Greece); National Office for Research and Technology (Hungary); Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (Iran); Science Foundation Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italia); National Research Foundation of Korea; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México); Secretaría de Educación Pública (México); Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España); Swiss National Science Foundation; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK); Department of Energy (US); National Science Foundation (US).Peer reviewe
Both adiponectin and interleukin-10 inhibit LPS-induced activation of the NF-kappa B pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

Adiponectin and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are adipokines that are predominantly secreted by differentiated adipocytes and are involved in energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and the anti-inflammatory response. These two adipokines are reduced in obese subjects, which favors increased activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) and leads to elevation of pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, the effects of adiponectin and IL-10 on NF-kappa B DNA binding activity (NF-kappa Bp50 and NF-kappa Bp65) and proteins involved with the toll-like receptor (TLR-2 and TLR-4) pathway, such as MYD88 and TRAF6 expression, in lipopolysaccharide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes are unknown. Stimulation of lipopolysaccharide-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes for 24 h elevated IL-6 levels; activated the NF-kappa B pathway cascade; increased protein expression of IL-6R, TLR-4, MYD88, and TRAF6; and increased the nuclear activity of NF-kappa B (p50 and p65) DNA binding. Adiponectin and IL-10 inhibited the elevation of IL-6 levels and activated NF-kappa B (p50 and p65) DNA binding. Taken together, the present results provide evidence that adiponectin and IL-10 have an important role in the anti-inflammatory response in adipocytes. in addition, inhibition of NF-kappa B signaling pathways may be an excellent strategy for the treatment of inflammation in obese individuals. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fis, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Canc & Metab Grp, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Fis, BR-04023060 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 08/54733-0Web of Scienc
Large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association data identifies six new risk loci for Parkinson's disease.

To access publisher's full text version of this article click on the hyperlink at the bottom of the pageWe conducted a meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease genome-wide association studies using a common set of 7,893,274 variants across 13,708 cases and 95,282 controls. Twenty-six loci were identified as having genome-wide significant association; these and 6 additional previously reported loci were then tested in an independent set of 5,353 cases and 5,551 controls. Of the 32 tested SNPs, 24 replicated, including 6 newly identified loci. Conditional analyses within loci showed that four loci, including GBA, GAK-DGKQ, SNCA and the HLA region, contain a secondary independent risk variant. In total, we identified and replicated 28 independent risk variants for Parkinson's disease across 24 loci. Although the effect of each individual locus was small, risk profile analysis showed substantial cumulative risk in a comparison of the highest and lowest quintiles of genetic risk (odds ratio (OR) = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.55-4.30; P = 2 × 10(-16)). We also show six risk loci associated with proximal gene expression or DNA methylation
Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator response in patients with pulmonary fibrosis.

[Background] Recent epidemiological evidence indicates an association between cardiovascular diseases and pulmonary fibrosis. The vascular endothelium acts to maintain vascular homeostasis through multiple mechanisms and impaired endothelial function can contribute to the development, progression and clinical expression of atherosclerosis. [Methods] We consecutively recruited 39 newly-diagnosed chronic interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis patients without any specific etiology. We assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilator response of patients using digital pulse amplitude tonometry and compared the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) with age-, sex- and body mass index-matched control subjects (n = 30). We further investigated the relationships between RHI and clinical characteristics, laboratory cardiovascular risk factors, disease-related factors and circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. [Results] RHI was significantly lower in patients with chronic interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis than in control subjects (p = 0.02). While circulating levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c and fasting glucose did not differ significantly between groups, patients with chronic interstitial pneumonitis/fibrosis had significantly lower high density lipoprotein levels and higher low density lipoprotein levels as compared with control subjects. Regarding disease-related factors, RHI was significantly associated with the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference, 6-min walk distance and end-exercise oxygen saturation. Additionally, circulating levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were inversely correlated with RHI. [Conclusions] We confirmed a possible link between pulmonary fibrosis and cardiovascular disease by demonstrating an impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilator response, which was significantly associated with the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and circulating levels of adhesion molecules
Geodesic flows and Neumann systems on Stiefel varieties: geometry and integrability

We study integrable geodesic flows on Stiefel varieties Vn,r = SO(n)/SO(n−r )\ud
given by the Euclidean, normal (standard), Manakov-type, and Einstein metrics.We also consider\ud
natural generalizations of the Neumann systems on Vn,r with the above metrics and\ud
proves their integrability in the non-commutative sense by presenting compatible Poisson\ud
brackets on (T ∗Vn,r )/SO(r ). Various reductions of the latter systems are described, in particular,\ud
the generalized Neumann system on an oriented Grassmannian Gn,r and on a sphere\ud
Sn−1 in presence of Yang–Mills fields or a magnetic monopole field. Apart from the known\ud
Lax pair for generalized Neumann systems, an alternative (dual) Lax pair is presented, which\ud
enables one to formulate a generalization of the Chasles theorem relating the trajectories of\ud
the systems and common linear spaces tangent to confocal quadrics. Additionally, several\ud
extensions are considered: the generalized Neumann system on the complex Stiefel variety\ud
Wn,r = U(n)/U(n − r ), the matrix analogs of the double and coupled Neumann systems.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Functional strength training and movement performance therapy produce analogous improvement in sit-to-stand early after stroke:Early phase randomised controlled trial

Objectives: Restoring independence in the sit-to-stand (STS) task is an important objective for stroke rehabilitation. It is not known if a particular intervention, strength training or therapy focused on movement performance is more likely to improve STS recovery. This study aimed to compare STS outcomes from functional strength training, movement performance therapy and conventional therapy. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Acute stroke units. Participants: Medically well patients (n=93) with recent (<42 days) stroke. The mean age of patients was 68.8 years, mean time post ictus was 33.5 days, 54 (58%) were male, 20 showed neglect (22%) and 37 (40%) had a left-sided brain lesion. Interventions: Six weeks of either conventional therapy, functional strength training or movement performance therapy. Subjects were allocated to groups on a random basis. Main outcome measures: STS ability, timing, symmetry, co-ordination, smoothness and knee velocity were measured at baseline, outcome (after 6 weeks of intervention) and followup (3 months after outcome). Results: No significant differences were found between the groups. All three groups improved their STS ability, with 88% able to STS at follow-up compared with 56% at baseline. Few differences were noted in quality of movement, with only symmetry when rising showing significantly greater improvement in the movement performance therapy group; this benefit was not evident at follow-up. Conclusions: Recovery of the STS movement is consistently good during stroke rehabilitation, irrespective of the type of therapy experienced. Changes in quality of movement did not differ according to group allocation, indicating that the type of therapy is less important
WASP-54b, WASP-56b, and WASP-57b: Three new sub-Jupiter mass planets from SuperWASP

We present three newly discovered sub-Jupiter mass planets from the SuperWASP survey: WASP-54b is a heavily bloated planet of mass 0.636[Superscript: +0.025][Subscript: -0.024]MJ and radius 1.653[Superscript: +0.090][Subscript: -0.083]RJ. It orbits a F9 star, evolving off the main sequence, every 3.69 days. Our MCMC fit of the system yields a slightly eccentric orbit (e = 0.067[Superscript: +0.033][Subscript: -0.025]) for WASP-54b. We investigated further the veracity of our detection of the eccentric orbit for WASP-54b, and we find that it could be real. However, given the brightness of WASP-54 V = 10.42 mag, we encourage observations of a secondary eclipse to draw robust conclusions on both the orbital eccentricity and the thermal structure of the planet. WASP-56b and WASP-57b have masses of 0.571[Superscript: +0.034][Subscript: -0.035]MJ and 0.672[Superscript: +0.049][Subscript: -0.046]MJ, respectively; and radii of 1.092[Superscript: +0.035][Subscript: -0.033]RJ for WASP-56b and 0.916[Superscript: +0.017][Subscript: -0.014]RJ for WASP-57b. They orbit main sequence stars of spectral type G6 every 4.67 and 2.84 days, respectively. WASP-56b and WASP-57b show no radius anomaly and a high density possibly implying a large core of heavy elements; possibly as high as ~50 M⊕ in the case of WASP-57b. However,the composition of the deep interior of exoplanets remains still undetermined. Thus, more exoplanet discoveries such as the ones presented in this paper, are needed to understand and constrain giant planets’ physical properties.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Quantitative easing and the loan to collateral value ratio.

We study optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian model at the zero bound interest rate where households use cash alongside house equity borrowing to conduct transactions. The amount of borrowing is limited by a collateral constraint. When either the loan to value ratio declines or house prices fall, we observe a decrease in the money multiplier. We argue that the central bank should respond to the fall in the money multiplier and therefore to the reduction in house prices or the loan to collateral value ratio. We also find that optimal monetary policy generates a large and persistent fall in the money multiplier in response to the drop in the loan to collateral value ratio
Modelling the global solar corona : filament chirality observations and surface simulations.

The hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is considered in the context of the global magnetic field of the solar corona. In recent work Mackay and van Ballegooijen have shown how, for a pair of interacting magnetic bipoles, the observed chirality pattern could be explained by the dominant range of bipole tilt angles and helicity in each hemisphere. This study aims to test this earlier result through a direct comparison between theory and observations, using newly developed simulations of the actual surface and 3D coronal magnetic fields over a 6-month period, on a global scale. We consider two key components: (1) observations of filament chirality for the sample of 255 filaments and (2) our new simulations of the large-scale surface magnetic field. Based on a flux-transport model, these will be used as the lower boundary condition for the future 3D coronal simulations. Our technique differs significantly from those of other authors, where the coronal field is either assumed to be purely potential or has to be reset back to potential every 27 days for the photospheric field to remain accurate. In our case we ensure accuracy by the insertion of newly emerging bipolar active regions, based on observed photospheric synoptic magnetograms. The large-scale surface field is shown to remain accurate over the 6-month period, without any resetting. This new technique will enable future simulations to consider the long-term buildup and transport of helicity and shear in the coronal magnetic field over many months or years
A comparison of the governance landscape of earthquake risk reduction in Nepal and the Indian State of Bihar.

On 25 April 2015, a Mw 7.8 earthquake struck central Nepal, killing more than 8700 people. An earthquake of this magnitude has long been anticipated in Nepal and the neighbouring northern Indian state of Bihar, which straddle the active Himalayan frontal fault system. Drawing on field research undertaken before the earthquake, this paper traces the progress made in earthquake risk reduction efforts at the national scale in Nepal and at the sub-national scale in Bihar. With their contrasting ‘governance landscapes’, we examine the political and institutional context and power relations among different stakeholder groups, as well as the interests and political will motivating earthquake risk reduction. Nepal is a post-conflict country, with a weak legislative and institutional setting for earthquake risk reduction, and a multitude of different stakeholders (government, multi and bi-lateral donors, UN organisations, and national and international NGOs) engaged in the disaster risk reduction process. Bihar, by comparison, has a strong, hierarchical, sub-national government system with minimal influence of non-government stakeholders in earthquake risk reduction. While Nepal appears to have progressed further in strengthening earthquake resilience, the institutional structures in Bihar are stronger and could potentially support more sustainable resilience building in the long-term. The role of individual ‘champions’ in both instances (in Nepal among a national NGO, donors and multilateral agencies, and in Bihar within the government) has been instrumental in shaping the earthquake risk reduction agenda and initiatives
Multi-Wave Coherent Control of a Solid State Single Emitter

Coherent control of individual two-level systems (TLSs) is at the basis of
any implementation of quantum information. An impressive level of control is
now achieved using nuclear, vacancies and charge spins. Manipulation of bright
exciton transitions in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is less advanced,
principally due to the sub-nanosecond dephasing. Conversely, owing to their
robust coupling to light, one can apply tools of nonlinear spectroscopy to
achieve all-optical command. Here, we report on the coherent manipulation of an
exciton via multi-wave mixing. Specifically, we employ three resonant pulses
driving a single InAs QD. The first two induce a four-wave mixing (FWM)
transient, which is projected onto a six-wave mixing (SWM) depending on the
delay and area of the third pulse, in agreement with analytical predictions.
Such a switch enables to demonstrate the generation of SWM on a single emitter
and to engineer the spectro-temporal shape of the coherent response originating
from a TLS. These results pave the way toward multi-pulse manipulations of
solid state qubits via implementing the NMR-like control schemes in the optical
domain
NLO QCD+EW predictions for V+jets including off-shell vector-boson
  decays and multijet merging

We present next-to-leading order (NLO) predictions including QCD and
electroweak (EW) corrections for the production and decay of off-shell
electroweak vector bosons in association with up to two jets at the 13 TeV LHC.
All possible dilepton final states with zero, one or two charged leptons that
can arise from off-shell W and Z bosons or photons are considered. All
predictions are obtained using the automated implementation of NLO QCD+EW
corrections in the OpenLoops matrix-element generator combined with the Munich
and Sherpa Monte Carlo frameworks. Electroweak corrections play an especially
important role in the context of BSM searches, due to the presence of large EW
Sudakov logarithms at the TeV scale. In this kinematic regime, important
observables such as the jet transverse momentum or the total transverse energy
are strongly sensitive to multijet emissions. As a result, fixed-order NLO
QCD+EW predictions are plagued by huge QCD corrections and poor theoretical
precision. To remedy this problem we present an approximate method that allows
for a simple and reliable implementation of NLO EW corrections in the MEPS@NLO
multijet merging framework. Using this general approach we present an inclusive
simulation of vector-boson production in association with jets that guarantees
NLO QCD+EW accuracy in all phase space regions involving up to two resolved
jets.Comment: 42 pages, 24 figures. V2: version accepted for publication in JHEP,
  results unchanged, appendix added discussing in detail multijet merging
  systematic uncertainties in the TeV rang