pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
When are readership counts as useful as citation counts? Scopus versus Mendeley for LIS journals

Maflahi, N. & Thelwall, M. (2016). When are readership counts as useful as citation counts? Scopus versus Mendeley for LIS journals. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(1), 191-199. [Based upon four key LIS journals, Mendeley reader counts are reasonable proxies for citation counts for articles that are 1-10 years old.]In theory, articles can attract readers on the social reference sharing site Mendeley before they can attract citations, so Mendeley altmetrics could provide early indications of article impact. This article investigates the influence of time on the number of Mendeley readers of an article through a theoretical discussion and an investigation into the relationship between counts of readers of, and citations to, 4 general library and information science (LIS) journals. For this discipline, it takes about 7 years for articles to attract as many Scopus citations as Mendeley readers, and after this the Spearman correlation between readers and citers is stable at about 0.6 for all years. This suggests that Mendeley readership counts may be useful impact indicators for both newer and older articles. The lack of dates for individual Mendeley article readers and an unknown bias toward more recent articles mean that readership data should be normalized individually by year, however, before making any comparisons between articles published in different years
Measuring compliance with a Spanish government open access mandate

Open access (OA) mandates are policies that require researchers to provide free, unrestricted access to their published research by including it in OA journals (gold OA) or depositing it in freely available disciplinary or institutional repositories (green OA). This study measures the degree of compliance with a Spanish government OA mandate 2.5 years after its implementation. A total of 58.4% of articles resulting from publicly funded research had at least one OA copy available 1 year after publication. Among these, 23.8% were in gold OA, 21.8% in green OA and 12.8% in gray OA, i.e., posted on websites and social networks. Most of the green OA articles were in 2 disciplinary repositories: arXiv and PubMed Central. Just 14.4% of the articles resulting from publicly funded research were available in institutional repositories, although more than 90% of the articles in the data set were the result of projects carried out at institutions that have such an archive. There is great potential for growth in green OA, because over two thirds of the articles that were not available as OA were published in journals whose publishers allow a preprint or a postprint copy to be deposited
Guideline references and academic citations as evidence of the clinical value of health research

This article introduces a new source of evidence of the value of medical-related research: citations from clinical guidelines. These give evidence that research findings have been used to inform the day-to-day practice of medical staff. To identify whether citations from guidelines can give different information from that of traditional citation counts, this article assesses the extent to which references in clinical guidelines tend to be highly cited in the academic literature and highly read in Mendeley. Using evidence from the United Kingdom, references associated with the UK's National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines tended to be substantially more cited than comparable articles, unless they had been published in the most recent 3 years. Citation counts also seemed to be stronger indicators than Mendeley readership altmetrics. Hence, although presence in guidelines may be particularly useful to highlight the contributions of recently published articles, for older articles citation counts may already be sufficient to recognize their contributions to health in society
Bibliogifts at LibGen? A study of a text-sharing platform driven by biblioleaks and crowdsourcing

Research papers disseminate the knowledge produced by the scientific community.  Access to this literature is crucial for researchers and the general public.  Apparently 'bibliogifts' are available online for free from text-sharing platforms.  However, little is known about such platforms.  What is the size of the underlying digital libraries?  What are the topics covered?  Where do these documents originally come from?  This paper reports a study of the Library Genesis platform (LibGen).  The 25 million documents (42 terabytes) it hosts and distributes for free are mostly research papers, textbooks, and books in English.  The paper collection stems from isolated but massive paper uploads (71%) in line with a 'biblioleaks' scenario, as well as from daily crowdsourcing (29%) by worldwide users of platforms such as Reddit Scholar and Sci-Hub.  By relating the DOIs registered at CrossRef and those cached at LibGen, this study reveals that 36% of all DOI papers are available for free at LibGen.  This figure is even higher (68%) for three major publishers: Elsevier, Springer, and Wiley.  More research is needed to understand to what extent researchers and the general public have recourse to such text-sharing platforms, and why
Diversity of references as an indicator for interdisciplinarity of journals: Taking similarity between subject fields into account

The objective of this article is to further the study of journal interdisciplinarity, or, more generally, knowledge integration at the level of individual articles. Interdisciplinarity is operationalized by the diversity of subject fields assigned to cited items in the article's reference list. Subject fields and subfields were obtained from the Leuven-Budapest (ECOOM) subject-classification scheme, while disciplinary diversity was measured taking variety, balance, and disparity into account. As diversity measure we use a Hill-type true diversity in the sense of Jost and Leinster-Cobbold. The analysis is conducted in 3 steps. In the first part, the properties of this measure are discussed, and, on the basis of these properties it is shown that the measure has the potential to serve as an indicator of interdisciplinarity. In the second part the applicability of this indicator is shown using selected journals from several research fields ranging from mathematics to social sciences. Finally, the often-heard argument, namely, that interdisciplinary research exhibits larger visibility and impact, is studied on the basis of these selected journals. Yet, as only 7 journals, representing a total of 15,757 articles, are studied, albeit chosen to cover a large range of interdisciplinarity, further research is still needed.status: publishe
Academics' Responses to Encountered Information: Context Matters

An increasing number of tools are being developed to help academics interact with information, but little is known about the benefits of those tools for their users. This study evaluated academics' receptiveness to information proposed by a mobile app, the SerenA Notebook: information that is based in their inferred interests but does not relate directly to a prior recognized need. The evaluated app aimed at creating the experience of serendipitous encounters: generating ideas and inspiring thoughts, and potentially triggering follow-up actions, by providing users with suggestions related to their work and leisure interests. We studied how 20 academics interacted with messages sent by the mobile app (3 per day over 10 consecutive days). Collected data sets were analyzed using thematic analysis. We found that contextual factors (location, activity, and focus) strongly influenced their responses to messages. Academics described some unsolicited information as interesting but irrelevant when they could not make immediate use of it. They highlighted filtering information as their major struggle rather than finding information. Some messages that were positively received acted as reminders of activities participants were meant to be doing but were postponing, or were relevant to ongoing activities at the time the information was received
Not all international collaboration is beneficial: The Mendeley readership and citation impact of biochemical research collaboration

Biochemistry is a highly funded research area that is typified by large research teams and\ud
is important for many areas of the life sciences. This article investigates the citation\ud
impact and Mendeley readership impact of biochemistry research from 2011 in the Web\ud
of Science according to the type of collaboration involved. Negative binomial regression\ud
models are used that incorporate, for the first time, the inclusion of specific countries\ud
within a team. The results show that, holding other factors constant, larger teams robustly\ud
associate with higher impact research, but including additional departments has no effect\ud
and adding extra institutions tends to reduce the impact of research. Although\ud
international collaboration is apparently not advantageous in general, collaboration with\ud
the USA, and perhaps also with some other countries, seems to increase impact. In\ud
contrast, collaborations with some other nations associate with lower impact, although\ud
both findings could be due to factors such as differing national proportions of excellent\ud
researchers. As a methodological implication, simpler statistical models would have found\ud
international collaboration to be generally beneficial and so it is important to take into\ud
account specific countries when examining collaboration
How much hybridisation does machine translation need?

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Costa-jussà, M. R. (2015), How much hybridization does machine translation Need?. J Assn Inf Sci Tec, 66: 2160–2165. doi:10.1002/asi.23517], which has been published in final form at [10.1002/asi.23517]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Rule-based and corpus-based machine translation (MT)have coexisted for more than 20 years. Recently, bound-aries between the two paradigms have narrowed andhybrid approaches are gaining interest from bothacademia and businesses. However, since hybridapproaches involve the multidisciplinary interaction oflinguists, computer scientists, engineers, and informa-tion specialists, understandably a number of issuesexist.While statistical methods currently dominate researchwork in MT, most commercial MT systems are techni-cally hybrid systems. The research community shouldinvestigate the bene¿ts and questions surrounding thehybridization of MT systems more actively. This paperdiscusses various issues related to hybrid MT includingits origins, architectures, achievements, and frustra-tions experienced in the community. It can be said thatboth rule-based and corpus- based MT systems havebene¿ted from hybridization when effectively integrated.In fact, many of the current rule/corpus-based MTapproaches are already hybridized since they do includestatistics/rules at some point.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
A machine-learning approach to negation and speculation detection for sentiment analysis

Recognizing negative and speculative information is\ud
highly relevant for sentiment analysis. This paper presents\ud
a machine-learning approach to automatically\ud
detect this kind of information in the review domain. The\ud
resulting system works in two steps: in the first pass,\ud
negation/speculation cues are identified, and in the\ud
second phase the full scope of these cues is determined.\ud
The system is trained and evaluated on the Simon\ud
Fraser University Review corpus, which is extensively\ud
used in opinion mining. The results show how the proposed\ud
method outstrips the baseline by as much as\ud
roughly 20% in the negation cue detection and around\ud
13% in the scope recognition, both in terms of F1. In\ud
speculation, the performance obtained in the cue prediction\ud
phase is close to that obtained by a human rater\ud
carrying out the same task. In the scope detection, the\ud
results are also promising and represent a substantial\ud
improvement on the baseline (up by roughly 10%). A\ud
detailed error analysis is also provided. The extrinsic\ud
evaluation shows that the correct identification of cues\ud
and scopes is vital for the task of sentiment analysis
Sharing "happy" information

This study focusses on the sharing of ‘happy’ information; information that creates a sense of happiness within the individual sharing the information. We explore the range of factors motivating and impacting upon individuals' happy information sharing behaviour within a casual leisure context through 30 semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that the factors influencing individuals’ happy information sharing behaviour are numerous, and impact upon each other. Most individuals considered sharing happy information important to their friendships and relationships. In various contexts the act of sharing happy information was shown to enhance the sharer’s happiness
Exploratory information searching in the enterprise: a study of user satisfaction and task performance.

No prior research has been identified that investigates the causal factors for workplace exploratory search task performance. The impact of user, task, and environmental factors on user satisfaction and task performance was investigated through a mixed methods study with 26 experienced information professionals using enterprise search in an oil and gas enterprise. Some participants found 75% of high-value items, others found none, with an average of 27%. No association was found between self-reported search expertise and task performance, with a tendency for many participants to overestimate their search expertise. Successful searchers may have more accurate mental models of both search systems and the information space. Organizations may not have effective exploratory search task performance feedback loops, a lack of learning. This may be caused by management bias towards technology, not capability, a lack of systems thinking. Furthermore, organizations may not ?know? they ?don't know? their true level of search expertise, a lack of knowing. A metamodel is presented identifying the causal factors for workplace exploratory search task performance. Semistructured qualitative interviews with search staff from the defense, pharmaceutical, and aerospace sectors indicates the potential transferability of the finding that organizations may not know their search expertise levels
A framework for evaluating automatic indexing or classification in the context of retrieval

Tools for automatic subject assignment help deal with scale and sustainability in creating and enriching metadata, establishing more connections across and between resources and enhancing consistency. While some software vendors and experimental researchers claim the tools can replace manual subject indexing, hard scientific evidence of their performance in operating information environments is scarce. A major reason for this is that research is usually conducted in laboratory conditions, excluding the complexities of real-life systems and situations. The paper reviews and discusses issues with existing evaluation approaches such as problems of aboutness and relevance assessments, implying the need to use more than a single “gold standard” method when evaluating indexing and retrieval and proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework. The framework is informed by a systematic review of the literature on indexing, classification and approaches: evaluating indexing quality directly through assessment by an evaluator or through comparison with a gold standard; evaluating the quality of computer-assisted indexing directly in the context of an indexing workflow, and evaluating indexing quality indirectly through analyzing retrieval performance
Patent citation analysis with Google

Citations from patents to scientific publications provide useful evidence about the commercial impact of academic research, but automatically searchable databases are needed to exploit this connection for large-scale patent citation evaluations. Google covers multiple different international patent office databases but does not index patent citations or allow automatic searches. In response, this article introduces a semiautomatic indirect method via Bing to extract and filter patent citations from Google to academic papers with an overall precision of 98%. The method was evaluated with 322,192 science and engineering Scopus articles from every second year for the period 1996–2012. Although manual Google Patent searches give more results, especially for articles with many patent citations, the difference is not large enough to be a major problem. Within Biomedical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Pharmacology & Pharmaceutics, 7% to 10% of Scopus articles had at least one patent citation but other fields had far fewer, so patent citation analysis is only relevant for a minority of publications. Low but positive correlations between Google Patent citations and Scopus citations across all fields suggest that traditional citation counts cannot substitute for patent citations when evaluating research
Chatting through pictures? A classification of images tweeted in one week in the UK and USA

Twitter is used by a substantial minority of the populations of many countries to share short messages, sometimes including images. Nevertheless, despite some research into specific images, such as selfies, and a few news stories about specific tweeted photographs, little is known about the types of images that are routinely shared. In response, this article reports a content analysis of random samples of 800 images tweeted from the UK or USA during a week at the end of 2014. Although most images were photographs, a substantial minority were hybrid or layered image forms: phone screenshots, collages, captioned pictures, and pictures of text messages. About half were primarily of one or more people, including 10% that were selfies, but a wide variety of other things were also pictured. Some of the images were for advertising or to share a joke but in most cases the purpose of the tweet seemed to be to share the minutiae of daily lives, performing the function of chat or gossip, sometimes in innovative ways
Towards an understanding of the relationship between disciplinary research cultures and open access repository behaviours

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: FRY, J. ... et al, 2016. Towards an understanding of the relationship between disciplinary research cultures and open access repository behaviours. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67 (11), pp. 2710-2724., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.23621. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.This paper explores the cultural characteristics of three ‘open access (OA) friendly’ disciplines (physics, economics and clinical medicine) and the ways in which those characteristics influence perceptions, motivations and behaviours towards green OA. The empirical data are taken from two online surveys of European authors. Taking a domain analytic approach, the analysis draws on Becher and Trowler’s (2001) and Whitley’s (2000) theories to gain a deeper understanding of why open access repositories (OAR) play a particularly important role in the chosen disciplines. The surveys provided a unique opportunity to compare perceptions, motivations and behaviours of researchers at the discipline level with the parent metadiscipline. Albeit, participants were not drawn from a stratified sample of all the different sub-disciplines that constitute each discipline and therefore the generalizability of the findings to the discipline is limited. The differential role of informal and formal communication in each of the three disciplines has shaped green OA practices. For physicists and economists, preprints are an essential feature of their respective OAR landscapes, whereas for clinical medics final published articles have a central role. In comparing the disciplines with their parent metadisciplines there were some notable similarities/differences, which have methodological implications for studying research cultures
ResearchGate Articles: Age, Discipline, Audience Size and Impact

The large multidisciplinary academic social web site ResearchGate aims to help academics to connect with each other and to publicise their work. Despite its popularity, little is known about the age and discipline of the articles uploaded and viewed in the site and whether publication statistics from the site could be useful impact indicators. In response, this article assesses samples of ResearchGate articles uploaded at specific dates, comparing their views in the site to their Mendeley readers and Scopus-indexed citations. This analysis shows that ResearchGate is dominated by recent articles, which attract about three times as many views as older articles. ResearchGate has uneven coverage of scholarship, with the arts and humanities, health professions, and decision sciences poorly represented and some fields receiving twice as many views per article as others. View counts for uploaded articles have low to moderate positive correlations with both Scopus citations and Mendeley readers, which is consistent with them tending to reflect a wider audience than Scopus-publishing scholars. Hence, for articles uploaded to the site, view counts may give a genuinely new audience indicator
Information exchange on an academic social networking site: A multidiscipline comparison on researchgate Q&amp;A

© 2016 ASIS & T The increasing popularity of academic social networking sites (ASNSs) requires studies on the usage of ASNSs among scholars and evaluations of the effectiveness of these ASNSs. However, it is unclear whether current ASNSs have fulfilled their design goal, as scholars' actual online interactions on these platforms remain unexplored. To fill the gap, this article presents a study based on data collected from ResearchGate. Adopting a mixed-method design by conducting qualitative content analysis and statistical analysis on 1,128 posts collected from ResearchGate Q&A, we examine how scholars exchange information and resources, and how their practices vary across three distinct disciplines: library and information services, history of art, and astrophysics. Our results show that the effect of a questioner's intention (i.e., seeking information or discussion) is greater than disciplinary factors in some circumstances. Across the three disciplines, responses to questions provide various resources, including experts' contact details, citations, links to Wikipedia, images, and so on. We further discuss several implications of the understanding of scholarly information exchange and the design of better academic social networking interfaces, which should stimulate scholarly interactions by minimizing confusion, improving the clarity of questions, and promoting scholarly content management