pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Creating a public tool to assess and promote transparency in global land deals : the experience of the Land Matrix

The Beta version of the Land Matrix (Land Matrix 2012) was launched in April 2012 as
a tool to promote public participation in building a constantly evolving database on
large-scale land deals, and making the data visible and understandable. The aim of
the Land Matrix partnership is to promote transparency and open data in decisionmaking
over land and investment, as a step towards greater accountability. Since its
launch, the Land Matrix has attracted a high degree of attention, and stirred some
controversy. It provides valuable lessons on the challenges and benefits of promoting
open data on practices that are often shrouded in secrecy. This paper critically
examines the ongoing efforts by the Land Matrix partnership to build a public tool to
promote greater transparency in decision-making over land and investment at a global
level. It intends to provoke discussion of the extent to which such a tool can
ultimately promote greater transparency and be a step towards greater accountability
and improved decision-making. It will present the Land Matrix and its value addition,
before detailing the challenges it encountered related to the measurement of the largescale
land acquisition phenomenon. It will then specify how it intends to address
these issues in order to establish a dynamic and participatory tool for open developmenthttp://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fjps20hb2016Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Developmen
The 750 GeV S-cion: Where else should we look for it?

AbstractThe resonance S at ∼750 GeV in the diphoton channel observed by ATLAS and CMS, if it holds up, is almost certainly the (S)cion of a larger dynasty in a UV completion that may very well be connected to the hierarchy problem. At this stage, however, an effective field theory framework provides a useful way to parametrize searches for this resonance in other channels. Assuming that the excess is due to a new scalar or pseudoscalar boson, we study associated production of S (“S-strahlung”) at the LHC and propose searches in several clean channels like γγℓℓ, γγℓE̸T and ℓℓℓγE̸T to probe dimension-5 operators coupling S to Standard Model gauge bosons. We consider a range of widths for S, from 5 GeV to 45 GeV, and find that the three channels probe complementary regions of parameter space and the suppression scale Λ. The finding of most immediate relevance is that with 3 fb−1, the LHC might already reveal new excesses in the γγℓℓ channel and a 5 (3) σ discovery may already be possible after collecting 65 (25) fb−1 of data with ℓℓℓγE̸T events if the scale of the new physics is within ∼9 TeV for couplings respecting 8 TeV LHC bounds and compatible with the observed excess in diphotons for a wide resonance as suggested by the ATLAS Collaboration. Beyond the EFT parametrization, we found realizations of models with heavy vector-like quarks and leptons which can simultaneously fit the diphoton excess and be discovered in the channels proposed here
On mechanism of biological activation by tritium

The mechanism of biological activation by beta-emitting radionuclide tritium was studied. Luminous marine bacteria were used as a bioassay to monitor the biological effect of tritium with luminescence intensity as the physiological parameter tested. Two different types of tritium sources were used: HTO molecules distributed regularly in the surrounding aqueous medium, and a solid source with tritium atoms fixed on its surface (tritium-labeled films, 0.11, 0.28, 0.91, and 2.36 MBq/cm2). When using the tritium-labeled films, tritium penetration into the cells was prevented. The both types of tritium sources revealed similar changes in the bacterial luminescence kinetics: a delay period followed by bioluminescence activation. No monotonic dependences of bioluminescence activation efficiency on specific radioactivities of the films were found. A 15-day exposure to tritiated water (100 MBq/L) did not reveal mutations in bacterial DNA. The results obtained give preference to a “non-genomic” mechanism of bioluminescence activation by tritium. An activation of the intracellular bioluminescence process develops without penetration of tritium atoms into the cells and can be caused by intensification of trans-membrane cellular processes stimulated by ionization and radiolysis of aqueous media
QCD corrections to the Wilson coefficients C9 and C10 in two-Higgs-doublet models

AbstractIn this Letter we present the analytic results for the two-loop corrections to the Wilson coefficients C9(μW) and C10(μW) in type-I and type-II two-Higgs-doublet models at the matching scale μW. These corrections are important ingredients for next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic predictions of various observables related to the decays B→Xsl+l− in these models. In scenarios with moderate values of tanβ neutral Higgs boson contributions can be safely neglected for l=e,μ. Therefore we concentrate on the contributions mediated by charged Higgs bosons
Transverse beam polarization and CP-violating triple gauge-boson couplings in e+e−→γZ

AbstractWe show that an anomalous CP-violating γγZ vertex gives rise to a novel asymmetry with transversely polarized electron and positron beams in the process e+e−→γZ. This asymmetry, which is odd under naive time reversal, is proportional to the real part of the γγZ CP-violating coupling. This is in contrast to the simple forward–backward asymmetry of the γ (or Z) with unpolarized or longitudinally polarized beams studied earlier, which is even under naive time reversal, and is proportional to the imaginary part. We estimate the sensitivity of future experiments to the determination of CP-odd γγZ and γZZ couplings using these asymmetries and transversely polarized beams
Ray–Singer type theorem for the refined analytic torsion

AbstractWe show that the refined analytic torsion is a holomorphic section of the determinant line bundle over the space of complex representations of the fundamental group of a closed oriented odd-dimensional manifold. Further, we calculate the ratio of the refined analytic torsion and the Farber–Turaev combinatorial torsion. As an application, we establish a formula relating the eta-invariant and the phase of the Farber–Turaev torsion, which extends a theorem of Farber and earlier results of ours. This formula allows to study the spectral flow using methods of combinatorial topology
Quantization of a scalar field in two Poincaré patches of anti-de Sitter space and AdS/CFT

AbstractTwo sets of modes of a massive free scalar field are quantized in a pair of Poincaré patches of Lorentzian anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, AdSd+1 (d≥2). It is shown that in Poincaré coordinates (r,t,x→), the two boundaries at r=±∞ are connected. When the scalar mass m satisfies a condition 0<ν=(d2/4)+(mℓ)2<1, there exist two sets of mode solutions to Klein–Gordon equation, with distinct fall-off behaviors at the boundary. By using the fact that the boundaries at r=±∞ are connected, a conserved Klein–Gordon norm can be defined for these two sets of scalar modes, and these modes are canonically quantized. Energy is also conserved. A prescription within the approximation of semi-classical gravity is presented for computing two- and three-point functions of the operators in the boundary CFT, which correspond to the two fall-off behaviours of scalar field solutions
Two proofs of the Bermond–Thomassen conjecture for tournaments with bounded minimum in-degree

AbstractThe Bermond–Thomassen conjecture states that, for any positive integer r, a digraph of minimum out-degree at least 2r−1 contains at least r vertex-disjoint directed cycles. Thomassen proved that it is true when r=2, and very recently the conjecture was proved for the case where r=3. It is still open for larger values of r, even when restricted to (regular) tournaments. In this paper, we present two proofs of this conjecture for tournaments with minimum in-degree at least 2r−1. In particular, this shows that the conjecture is true for (almost) regular tournaments. In the first proof, we prove auxiliary results about union of sets contained in another union of sets, that might be of independent interest. The second one uses a more graph-theoretical approach, by studying the properties of a maximum set of vertex-disjoint directed triangles
A possible solution to the B→ππ puzzle using the principle of maximum conformality

AbstractThe measured Bd→π0π0 branching fraction deviates significantly from conventional QCD predictions, a puzzle which has persisted for more than 10 years. This may be a hint of new physics beyond the Standard Model; however, as we shall show in this paper, the pQCD prediction is highly sensitive to the choice of the renormalization scales which enter the decay amplitude. In the present paper, we show that the renormalization scale uncertainties for B→ππ can be greatly reduced by applying the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC), and more precise predictions for CP-averaged branching ratios B(B→ππ) can be achieved. Combining the errors in quadrature, we obtain B(Bd→π0π0)|PMC=(0.98−0.31+0.44)×10−6 by using the light-front holographic low-energy model for the running coupling. All of the CP-averaged B→ππ branching fractions predicted by the PMC are consistent with the Particle Data Group average values and the recent Belle data. Thus, the PMC provides a possible solution for the Bd→π0π0 puzzle
Lepton flavor violating Z′ explanation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment

AbstractWe discuss a minimal solution to the long-standing (g−2)μ anomaly in a simple extension of the Standard Model with an extra Z′ vector boson that has only flavor off-diagonal couplings to the second and third generation of leptons, i.e. μ,τ,νμ,ντ and their antiparticles. A simplified model realization, as well as various collider and low-energy constraints on this model, are discussed. We find that the (g−2)μ-favored region for a Z′ lighter than the tau lepton is totally excluded, while a heavier Z′ solution is still allowed. Some testable implications of this scenario in future experiments, such as lepton-flavor universality-violating tau decays at Belle 2, and a new four-lepton signature involving same-sign di-muons and di-taus at HL-LHC and FCC-ee, are pointed out. A characteristic resonant absorption feature in the high-energy neutrino spectrum might also be observed by neutrino telescopes like IceCube and KM3NeT
Fracture Energy of Stabilised Rammed Earth

AbstractUnstabilised rammed earth (RE) is the name given to both a construction method and a material that has been used by Man for thousands of years. Recently, it has received renewed interest as the desire for sustainable construction methods has increased, as it commonly uses subsoil from the construction site, hence reducing waste and transport costs. It has been established that the addition of stabilisers, such as cement or lime, increases the ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of RE, while the addition of fibrous material, such as straw or wool, has been shown to improve flexural strength. This paper describes experimental work investigating the fracture properties of RE, an area in which little research has been conducted to date, despite the brittleness of most variants of these materials. The effect of both stabilisation and fibre reinforcement are reported here from samples with 0-12% by mass of cement and different amounts (0%, 1%, 2% by mass) of waste fibres. Fracture energies were determined using a modified wedge splitting test (WST) and results are presented that demonstrate the clear effect of fibrous reinforcement on specific fracture energy
Metrology and traceability of U–Pb isotope dilution geochronology (EARTHTIME Tracer Calibration Part I)

AbstractMixed 235U–233U–205Pb(–202Pb) tracers for U–Pb isotope-dilution isotope ratio mass spectrometry have been prepared under the auspices of the EARTHTIME Initiative. The methods and results for the preparation and calibration of the U/Pb ratio and isotopic abundances are given, and the various sources of uncertainty are discussed and quantified. The accuracy of the EARTHTIME U–Pb tracer isotopic composition can be traced back to SI units via a series of assay and isotopic composition reference materials combined with the experiments described herein. The parameters used in calculating U/Pb ratios (and inferentially U–Pb dates) have correlated uncertainties that result in a total uncertainty contribution to 206Pb/238U dates of ±<0.03% (95% confidence). For suitable terrestrial materials such as zircon, when other sources of uncertainty have been minimised (e.g., open-system behaviour, 238U/235U variation, intermediate daughter product disequilibrium, common Pb, etc.) the U–Pb tracer calibration uncertainty is a limiting factor in the accuracy of U–Pb geochronology – but less so than the uncertainty in the 238U and 235U decay constants (±0.11 and 0.14% 2σ). The calibration approach of the mixed EARTHTIME 235U–233U–205Pb(–202Pb) tracers, in addition to updated values for reference materials (e.g., mixed gravimetric reference solutions), and parameters (e.g., Pb reference material assay), can be applied to other laboratory-specific U–Pb tracers and will facilitate the generation of accurate and directly inter-comparable U–Pb data
Subtracting a best rank-1 approximation may increase tensor rank

AbstractIt has been shown that a best rank-R approximation of an order-k tensor may not exist when R⩾2 and k⩾3. This poses a serious problem to data analysts using tensor decompositions. It has been observed numerically that, generally, this issue cannot be solved by consecutively computing and subtracting best rank-1 approximations. The reason for this is that subtracting a best rank-1 approximation generally does not decrease tensor rank. In this paper, we provide a mathematical treatment of this property for real-valued 2×2×2 tensors, with symmetric tensors as a special case. Regardless of the symmetry, we show that for generic 2×2×2 tensors (which have rank 2 or 3), subtracting a best rank-1 approximation results in a tensor that has rank 3 and lies on the boundary between the rank-2 and rank-3 sets. Hence, for a typical tensor of rank 2, subtracting a best rank-1 approximation increases the tensor rank
Higgs-mediated muon–electron conversion process in supersymmetric see-saw model

AbstractWe study the effect of the Higgs-exchange diagram for the lepton flavor violating muon–electron conversion process in nuclei in the supersymmetric see-saw model. The contribution is significant for a large value of tanβ and a small value of a neutral heavy Higgs boson mass, in which case the ratio of the branching ratios of B(μN→eN)/B(μ→eγ) is enhanced. We also show that the target atom dependence of the conversion branching ratio provides information on the size of the Higgs exchange diagram
Measurement of the flavour-specific CP-violating asymmetry asls in Bs0 decays

AbstractThe CP-violating asymmetry asls is studied using semileptonic decays of Bs0 and B¯s0 mesons produced in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, exploiting a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. The reconstructed final states are Ds±μ∓, with the Ds± particle decaying in the ϕπ± mode. The Ds±μ∓ yields are summed over B¯s0 and Bs0 initial states, and integrated with respect to decay time. Data-driven methods are used to measure efficiency ratios. We obtain asls=(−0.06±0.50±0.36)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic
Compromise of localized graviton with a small cosmological constant in Randall–Sundrum scenario

AbstractA new mechanism which leads to a linearized massless graviton localized on the brane is found in the AdS/CFT setting, i.e., in a single copy of AdS5 spacetime with a singular brane on the boundary, within the Randall–Sundrum brane-world scenario. With an help of a recent development in path-integral techniques, a one-parameter family of propagators for linearized gravity is obtained analytically, in which a parameter ξ reflects various kinds of boundary conditions that arise as a result of the half-line constraint. In the case of a Dirichlet boundary condition (ξ=0) the graviton localized on the brane can be massless via coupling constant renormalization. Our result supports a conjecture that the usual Randall–Sundrum scenario is a regularized version of a certain underlying theory
Juvenile Antioxidant Treatment Prevents Adult Deficits in a Developmental Model of Schizophrenia

SummaryAbnormal development can lead to deficits in adult brain function, a trajectory likely underlying adolescent-onset psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. Developmental manipulations yielding adult deficits in rodents provide an opportunity to explore mechanisms involved in a delayed emergence of anomalies driven by developmental alterations. Here we assessed whether oxidative stress during presymptomatic stages causes adult anomalies in rats with a neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion, a developmental rodent model useful for schizophrenia research. Juvenile and adolescent treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine prevented the reduction of prefrontal parvalbumin interneuron activity observed in this model, as well as electrophysiological and behavioral deficits relevant to schizophrenia. Adolescent treatment with the glutathione peroxidase mimic ebselen also reversed behavioral deficits in this animal model. These findings suggest that presymptomatic oxidative stress yields abnormal adult brain function in a developmentally compromised brain, and highlight redox modulation as a potential target for early intervention
Analysis on the minimal representation of O(p,q) I. Realization via conformal geometry

AbstractThis is the first in a series of papers devoted to an analogue of the metaplectic representation, namely the minimal unitary representation of an indefinite orthogonal group; this representation corresponds to the minimal nilpotent coadjoint orbit in the philosophy of Kirillov–Kostant. We begin by applying methods from conformal geometry of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds to a general construction of an infinite-dimensional representation of the conformal group on the solution space of the Yamabe equation. By functoriality of the constructions, we obtain different models of the unitary representation, as well as giving new proofs of unitarity and irreducibility. The results in this paper play a basic role in the subsequent papers, where we give explicit branching formulae, and prove unitarization in the various models
Interpretation of electron–proton scattering at low Q2

AbstractLow-Q2 photons do not resolve partons in the proton, which gives problems when applying the deep inelastic scattering formalism, such as an unphysical, negative gluon density extracted from data. Considering instead hadronic fluctuations of the photon, we show that the generalised vector meson dominance model (GVDM) gives a good description of the measured cross section at low Q2, i.e., reproduces F2(x,Q2), using only few parameters with essentially known values. Combining GVDM and parton density functions makes it possible to obtain a good description of F2 data over the whole range of x and Q2
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for respondent-driven sampling studies: “STROBE-RDS” statement

AbstractObjectivesRespondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a new data collection methodology used to estimate characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as the HIV prevalence in drug users. Many national public health systems and international organizations rely on RDS data. However, RDS reporting quality and available reporting guidelines are inadequate. We carried out a systematic review of RDS studies and present Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for RDS Studies (STROBE-RDS), a checklist of essential items to present in RDS publications, justified by an explanation and elaboration document.Study Design and SettingWe searched the MEDLINE (1970–2013), EMBASE (1974–2013), and Global Health (1910–2013) databases to assess the number and geographical distribution of published RDS studies. STROBE-RDS was developed based on STROBE guidelines, following Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines.ResultsRDS has been used in over 460 studies from 69 countries, including the USA (151 studies), China (70), and India (32). STROBE-RDS includes modifications to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The two key areas that required modification concerned the selection of participants and statistical analysis of the sample.ConclusionSTROBE-RDS seeks to enhance the transparency and utility of research using RDS. If widely adopted, STROBE-RDS should improve global infectious diseases public health decision making
Bethe ansätze for GKP strings

AbstractStudying the scattering of excitations around a dynamical background has a long history in the context of integrable models. The Gubser–Klebanov–Polyakov string solution provides such a background for the string/gauge correspondence. Taking the conjectured all-loop asymptotic equations for the AdS4/CFT3 correspondence as the starting point, we derive the S-matrix and a set of spectral equations for the lowest-lying excitations. We find that these equations resemble closely the analogous equations for AdS5/CFT4, which are also discussed in this paper. At large values of the coupling constant we show that they reproduce the Bethe equations proposed to describe the spectrum of the low-energy limit of the AdS4×CP3 sigma model
Renormalization group analysis of the three-dimensional Gross–Neveu model at finite temperature and density

AbstractThe Renormalization Group flow equations obtained by means of a proper time regulator are used to analyze the restoration of the discrete chiral symmetry at non-zero density and temperature in the Gross–Neveu model in d=2+1 dimensions. The effects of the wave function renormalization of the auxiliary scalar field on the transition have been studied. The analysis is performed for a number of fermion flavors Nf=12 and the limit of large Nf is also considered. The results are compared with those coming from lattice simulations
LFV couplings of the extra gauge boson Z′ and leptonic decay and production of pseudoscalar mesons

AbstractConsidering the constraints of the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes μ→3e and τ→3μ on the LFV couplings Z′ℓiℓj, in the contexts of the E6 models, the left–right (LR) models, the “alternative” left–right (ALR) models and the 331 models, we investigate the contributions of the extra gauge boson Z′ to the decay rates of the processes ℓi→ℓjνℓνℓ, τ→μP and P→μe with P=π0,η and η′. Our numerical results show that the maximal values of the branching ratios for these processes are not dependent on the Z′ mass MZ′ at leader order. The extra gauge boson ZX′ predicted by the E6 models can make the maximum value of the branching ratio Br(τ→μνℓνℓ) reach 1.1×10−7. All Z′ models considered in this paper can produce significant contributions to the process τ→μP. However, the value of Br(P→μe) is far below its corresponding experimental upper bound
Lepton universality in the νMSM

AbstractWe consider the νMSM which is an extension of the Standard Model by three right-handed neutrinos with masses below the electroweak scale, in which the origins of neutrino masses, dark matter, and baryon asymmetry of the universe are simultaneously explained. Among three heavy neutral leptons, N2 and N3, which are responsible to the seesaw mechanism of active neutrino masses and the baryogenesis via flavor oscillation, can induce sizable contributions to various lepton universality in decays of charged mesons. Then the possible deviations of the universality in the νMSM are investigated. We find that the deviation in kaon decay can be as large as O(10−3), which will be probed in near future experiments