pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Ca isotope stratigraphy across the Cenomanian-Turonian OAE 2 : links between volcanism, seawater geochemistry, and the carbonate fractionation factor.

The Ca isotope composition of marine carbonate rocks offers potential to reconstruct drivers of environmental change in the geologic past. This study reports new, high-precision Ca isotope records (View the MathML source; 2σSD=±0.04‰) for three sections spanning a major perturbation to the Cretaceous ocean-climate system known as Ocean Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2): central Colorado, USA (Portland #1 core), southeastern France (Pont d'Issole), and Hokkaido, Japan (Oyubari, Yezo Group). In addition, we generated new data for selected samples from Eastbourne, England (English Chalk), where a previous Ca isotope study was completed using different methodology (Blättler et al., 2011). Strata of the Yezo Group contain little carbonate (∼1 wt.% on average) and accordingly did not yield a clear View the MathML source signal. The Portland core and the Pont d'Issole section display comparable View the MathML source values, which increase by ∼0.10–0.15‰ at the onset of OAE 2 and then decrease to near-initial values across the event. The Eastbourne View the MathML source values are higher than previously reported. They are also higher than the View the MathML source values for the Portland core and the Pont d'Issole section but define a similar pattern. According to a numerical model of the marine Ca cycle, elevated hydrothermal inputs have little impact on seawater View the MathML source values. Elevated riverine (chemical weathering) inputs produce a transient negative isotope excursion, which significantly differs from the positive isotope excursions observed in the Portland, Pont d'Issole, and Eastbourne records. A decrease in the magnitude of the carbonate fractionation factor provides the best explanation for a positive shift in View the MathML source values, especially given the rapid nature of the excursion. Because a decrease in the fractionation factor corresponds to an increase in the Ca/CO3 ratio of seawater, we tentatively attribute the positive Ca isotope excursion to transient ocean acidification, i.e., a reduction in the concentration of View the MathML source during CO2 uptake. Recent studies utilizing a variety of isotope proxies, e.g., Nd, Os, and Pb, implicate eruption of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province as a likely source of increased CO2. Moreover, integration of C, Ca, and Os isotope data reveals new information about the timing of events during the onset of OAE 2
Observing others stay or switch : how social prediction errors are integrated into reward reversal learning.

Reward properties of stimuli can undergo sudden changes, and the detection of these ‘reversals’ is often made difficult by the probabilistic nature of rewards/punishments. Here we tested whether and how humans use social information (someone else’s choices) to overcome uncertainty during reversal learning. We show a substantial social influence during reversal learning, which was modulated by the type of observed behavior. Participants frequently followed observed conservative choices (no switches after punishment) made by the (fictitious) other player but ignored impulsive choices (switches), even though the experiment was set up so that both types of response behavior would be similarly beneficial/detrimental (Study 1). Computational modeling showed that participants integrated the observed choices as a ‘social prediction error’ instead of ignoring or blindly following the other player. Modeling also confirmed higher learning rates for ‘conservative’ versus ‘impulsive’ social prediction errors. Importantly, this ‘conservative bias’ was boosted by interpersonal similarity, which in conjunction with the lack of effects observed in a non-social control experiment (Study 2) confirmed its social nature. A third study suggested that relative weighting of observed impulsive responses increased with increased volatility (frequency of reversals). Finally, simulations showed that in the present paradigm integrating social and reward information was not necessarily more adaptive to maximize earnings than learning from reward alone. Moreover, integrating social information increased accuracy only when conservative and impulsive choices were weighted similarly during learning. These findings suggest that to guide decisions in choice contexts that involve reward reversals humans utilize social cues conforming with their preconceptions more strongly than cues conflicting with them, especially when the other is similar
Prolongation of atrio-ventricular node conduction in a rabbit model of ischaemic cardiomyopathy: Role of fibrosis and connexin remodelling.

Conduction abnormalities are frequently associated with cardiac disease, though the mechanisms underlying the commonly associated increases in PQ interval are not known. This study uses a chronic left ventricular (LV) apex myocardial infarction (MI) model in the rabbit to create significant left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) 8weeks post-MI. In vivo studies established that PQ interval increases by approximately 7ms (10%) with no significant change in average heart rate. Optical mapping of isolated Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts recapitulated this result; time to earliest activation of the LV was increased by 14ms (16%) in the LVD group. Intra-atrial and LV transmural conduction times were not altered in the LVD group. Isolated AVN preparations from the LVD group demonstrated a significantly longer conduction time (by approximately 20ms) between atrial and His electrograms than sham controls across a range of pacing cycle lengths. This difference was accompanied by increased effective refractory period and Wenckebach cycle length, suggesting significantly altered AVN electrophysiology post-MI. The AVN origin of abnormality was further highlighted by optical mapping of the isolated AVN. Immunohistochemistry of AVN preparations revealed increased fibrosis and gap junction proteins (connexin43 and 40) remodelling in the AVN of LVD animals compared to sham. A significant increase in myocyte-non-myocyte connexin co-localization was also observed after LVD. These changes may increase the electrotonic load experienced by AVN muscle cells and contribute to slowed conduction velocity within the AVN
The transition into adulthood for children with a severe intellectual disability: parents’ views

Objectives: This study used the grounded theory to explore parents’ views of the transition into adulthood of their\ud
child with a severe intellectual disability. The study also sought to explore the processes that parents engage in\ud
for making psychological adjustments, to appreciate their role during this transition. This study is imperative for\ud
developing a psychologically informed theory that can be understood by both parents and clinicians.\ud
Methods: Twelve parents of 11 children with a severe intellectual disability were recruited for interview from\ud
charitable organizations accessed by parents (e.g. Mencap). Data collection used a combination of open-ended\ud
structured questions and non-directed probing. NVivo 10 software was used to assist the grounded theory\ud
coding and analysis process.\ud
Results: The analysis developed five processes that parents engaged in during their child’s transition into\ud
adulthood: ‘defining adulthood’, ‘noticing adult development’, ‘perceiving barriers to adulthood’, ‘worrying,’ and\ud
‘making psychological adjustments’. Common to these was seen to be a core process of ‘making comparisons\ud
with perceived “norms”’. Contrasting findings are critically discussed alongside extant literature. Additionally, a\ud
transition model of parents’ views and adjustments is proposed, grounded in the study findings.\ud
Conclusions: Parents engage in a series of interactional processes throughout the transition trajectory, which are\ud
likely to influence how they make adjustments. Clinical interventions could challenge parent perceptions; encourage\ud
peer support; embrace systemic ways of working with parents through their child’s transition into adulthood; and\ud
use the presented model to help parents understand their experiences and any adjustment-related problems
Processing and characterisation of II-VI ZnCdMgSe thin film gain structures

Lattice-matched II-VI selenide quantum well (QW) structures grown on InP substrates can be designed for emission throughout the visible spectrum. InP has, however, strong visible-light absorption, so that a method for epitaxial lift-off and transfer to transparent substrates is desirable for vertically-integrated devices. We have designed and grown, via molecular beam epitaxy, ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe multi-QW gain regions for vertical emission, with the QWs positioned for resonant periodic gain. The release of the 2.7 μm-thick ZnCdSe/ZnCdMgSe multi-QW film is achieved via selective wet etching of the substrate and buffer layers leaving only the epitaxial layers, which are subsequently transferred to transparent substrates, including glass and thermally-conductive diamond. Post-transfer properties are investigated, with power and temperature-dependent surface and edge-emitting photoluminescence measurements demonstrating no observable strain relaxation effects or significant shift in comparison to unprocessed samples. The temperature dependant quantum well emission shift is found experimentally to be 0.13 nm/K. Samples capillary-bonded epitaxial-side to glass exhibited a 6 nm redshift under optical pumping of up to 35 mW at 405 nm, corresponding to a 46 K temperature increase in the pumped region; whereas those bonded to diamond exhibited no shift in quantum well emission, and thus efficient transfer of the heat from the pumped region. Atomic force microscopy analysis of the etched surface reveals a root-mean-square roughness of 3.6 nm. High quality optical interfaces are required to establish a good thermal and optical contact for high power optically pumped laser applications
The charmonium dissociation in an "anomalous wind"

We study the charmonium dissociation in a strongly coupled chiral plasma in
the presence of magnetic field and axial charge imbalance. This type of plasma
carries "anomalous flow" induced by the chiral anomaly and exhibits novel
transport phenomena such as chiral magnetic effect. We found that the
"anomalous flow" would modify the charmonium color screening length by using
the gauge/gravity correspondence. We derive an analytical expression
quantifying the "anomalous flow" experienced by a charmonium for a large class
of chiral plasma with a gravity dual. We elaborate on the similarity and {\it
qualitative} difference between anomalous effects on the charmonium color
screening length which are {\it model-dependent} and those on the heavy quark
drag force which are fixed by the second law of thermodynamics. We speculate on
the possible charmonium dissociation induced by the chiral anomaly in heavy ion
collisions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, references update
Super-GCA from $\mathcal{N} = (2,2)$ Super-Virasoro

We derive the extended Supersymmetric Galilean Conformal Algebra (SGCA) in
two spacetime dimensions by the method of group contraction on $2d$
$\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ superconformal algebra. Both the parent and daughter
algebras are infinite-dimensional. We provide the representation theory of the
algebra. We adopt a superspace formalism for the SGCA fields, allowing us to
write them down in a compact notation as components of superfields. We also
discuss correlation functions, short supermultiplets and null states.Comment: minor typos corrected; journal versio
Emission of neutron-proton and proton-proton pairs in neutrino
  scattering

We use a recently developed model of relativistic meson-exchange currents to
compute the neutron-proton and proton-proton yields in $(\nu_\mu,\mu^-)$
scattering from $^{12}$C in the 2p-2h channel. We compute the response
functions and cross sections with the relativistic Fermi gas model for
different kinematics from intermediate to high momentum transfers. We find a
large contribution of neutron-proton configurations in the initial state, as
compared to proton-proton pairs. In the case of charge-changing neutrino
scattering the 2p-2h cross section of proton-proton emission ({\it i.e.,} np in
the initial state) is much larger than for neutron-proton emission ({\it i.e.,}
two neutrons in the initial state) by a $(\omega,q)$-dependent factor. The
different emission probabilities of distinct species of nucleon pairs are
produced in our model only by meson-exchange currents, mainly by the $\Delta$
isobar current. We also analyze other effects including exchange contributions
and the effect of the axial and vector currents.Comment: 9 pages and 8 figure
Tumour necrosis factor α inhibitor therapy in chronic physical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect on depression and anxiety

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Psychosomatic Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Psychosomatic Research doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.04.008© 2014, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/12 month embargo to comply with publisher's policy agreement with HEFCEDepression is more common among individuals with chronic physical illness than in the
general population. New treatments for severe and chronic inflammatory conditions which
inhibit tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, may be able to
shed some light on the role of inflammatory mediators in depression. This systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials determined the effects of TNFα inhibitor
therapy on depression and anxiety in people with chronic physical illness
On the Minimization of XML-Schemas and Tree Automata for Unranked Trees

Special issue of DBPL 05International audienceAutomata for unranked trees form a foundation for XML schemas, querying and pattern languages. We study the problem of efficiently minimizing such automata. First, we study unranked tree automata that are standard in database theory, assuming bottom-up determinism and that horizontal recursion is represented by deterministic finite automata. We show that minimal automata in that class are not unique and that minimization is np complete. Second, we study more recent automata classes that do allow for polynomial time minimization. Among those, we show that bottom-up deterministic stepwise tree automata yield the most succinct representations. Third, we investigate abstractions of ML schema languages. In particular, we show that the class of one-pass preorder typable schemas allows for polynomial time minimization and unique minimal models
Presencia de anticuerpos contra serovares de Leptospira en Chaetophractus villosus (Mammalia, Dasypodidae) en la provincia de La Pampa, Argentina

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of antibodies against 21 Leptospira reactive serovars in Chaetophractus villosus in La Pampa province, Argentina, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Pathologic changes compatible with leptospirosis and in situ detection of the agent by immunohistochemistry were studied in 24 and 3 individuals respectively. Only 35/150 (23.3%) serum samples had antibodies against Leptospira sp. Six percent of the samples reacted with serovar Canicola, 4.7% with serovar Castellonis, 1.3% with serovar Icterohemorrhagieae and 0.7% with serovar Hardjo. Sixteen (10.6%) serum samples agglutinated with Castellonis-Icterohemorrhagiae and Canicola-Castellonis serovars, both with 4.7%, and Canicola-Hardjo and Castellonis-Canicola-Icterohemorrhagiae both with 0.6%. Fourteen animals had variable degrees of lesions, which were more severe in animals with higher serological titers (3200), and Leptospira sp. was detected in 3 animals by immunohistochemistry. These results represent the first record of the presence of Leptospira in C. villosus in La Pampa.Fil: Kin, Marta S.. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Brihuega, Bibiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Fort, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional La Pampa-San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Delgado, Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Bedotti, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional la Pampa-San Luis. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Casanave, Emma Beatriz. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnológico Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas y Biomedicas del Sur; Argentin
Cell adhesion geometry regulates non-random DNA segregation and asymmetric cell fates in mouse skeletal muscle stem cells.

International audienceCells of several metazoan species have been shown to non-randomly segregate their DNA such that older template DNA strands segregate to one daughter cell. The mechanisms that regulate this asymmetry remain undefined. Determinants of cell fate are polarized during mitosis and partitioned asymmetrically as the spindle pole orients during cell division. Chromatids align along the pole axis; therefore, it is unclear whether extrinsic cues that determine spindle pole position also promote non-random DNA segregation. To mimic the asymmetric divisions seen in the mouse skeletal stem cell niche, we used micropatterns coated with extracellular matrix in asymmetric and symmetric motifs. We show that the frequency of non-random DNA segregation and transcription factor asymmetry correlates with the shape of the motif and that these events can be uncoupled. Furthermore, regulation of DNA segregation by cell adhesion occurs within a defined time interval. Thus, cell adhesion cues have a major impact on determining both DNA segregation patterns and cell fates
Coenzyme q biosynthesis: coq6 is required for the c5-hydroxylation reaction and substrate analogs rescue coq6 deficiency.

International audienceCoenzyme Q (Q), an essential component of eukaryotic cells, is synthesized by several enzymes from the precursor 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Mutations in six of the Q biosynthesis genes cause diseases that can sometimes be ameliorated by oral Q supplementation. We establish here that Coq6, a predicted flavin-dependent monooxygenase, is involved exclusively in the C5-hydroxylation reaction. In an unusual way, the ferredoxin Yah1 and the ferredoxin reductase Arh1 may be the in vivo source of electrons for Coq6. We also show that hydroxylated analogs of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, such as vanillic acid or 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, restore Q biosynthesis and respiration in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae coq6 mutant. Our results demonstrate that appropriate analogs of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid can bypass a deficient Q biosynthetic enzyme and might be considered for the treatment of some primary Q deficiencies
Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for long-lived charged particles that decay within the CMS detector and produce the signature of a disappearing track. Disappearing tracks are identified as those with little or no associated calorimeter energy deposits and with missing hits in the outer layers of the tracker. The search uses proton-proton collision data recorded at s√=8 TeV that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1. The results of the search are interpreted in the context of the anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) model. The number of observed events is in agreement with the background expectation, and limits are set on the cross section of direct electroweak chargino production in terms of the chargino mass and mean proper lifetime. At 95% confidence level, AMSB models with a chargino mass less than 260 GeV, corresponding to a mean proper lifetime of 0.2 ns, are excluded
Evaluation of the potential of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate bi-layered scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-HV) is natural-based polyester produced by microorganisms under unbalanced growth con- ditions. This polymer is known for its biocompatibility and biodegrad- ability and has been explored for tissue engineering approaches. The aim of this work was to create a bi-layered construct, based on PHB- HV, for skin tissue replacement. The PHB-HV bi-layered scaffold was produced taking into consideration the two main skin strata, the epi- dermis and the dermis. For the epidermal fraction, a membrane was developed using a solvent cast approach, while freeze-drying was used to obtain the dermal fraction. The two structures were combined to obtain a scaffold that has a thin compact surface (epidermal) and a por- ous structure (dermis), as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-CT analysis. Each layer of the scaffold, epidermal and dermal, was respectively seeded with human keratinocytes (Kc) and human dermal fibroblasts (Fb). The characterization by SEM con- firmed the typical morphology of Kc and Fb on the expected surfaces. Calcein-AM and DNA quantification showed that both type of cells remained viable along the experiment and were able to attach and pro- liferate on the respective seeding layers. In conclusion, the developed PHB-HV scaffolds have shown suitable properties to sustain the co-cul- ture of Kc and Fb, which constitutes a solid base for further work to demonstrate its potential for skin replacement
Dijet production in √s=7 TeV pp collisions with large rapidity gaps at the ATLAS experiment

A 6.8 nb−1 sample of pp   collision data collected under low-luminosity conditions at View the MathML sources=7TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to study diffractive dijet production. Events containing at least two jets with View the MathML sourcepT>20GeV are selected and analysed in terms of variables which discriminate between diffractive and non-diffractive processes. Cross sections are measured differentially in ΔηFΔηF, the size of the observable forward region of pseudorapidity which is devoid of hadronic activity, and in an estimator, View the MathML sourceξ˜, of the fractional momentum loss of the proton assuming single diffractive dissociation (pp→pXpp→pX). Model comparisons indicate a dominant non-diffractive contribution up to moderately large ΔηFΔηF and small View the MathML sourceξ˜, with a diffractive contribution which is significant at the highest ΔηFΔηF and the lowest View the MathML sourceξ˜. The rapidity-gap survival probability is estimated from comparisons of the data in this latter region with predictions based on diffractive parton distribution functions