pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Searches for heavy diboson resonances in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches for new heavy resonances decaying to WW, WZ, and ZZ bosons are presented, using a data sample corresponding to 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting ννqq, ℓνqq, ℓℓqq and qqqq final states are combined, searching for an arrow-width resonance with mass between 500 and 3000 GeV. The discriminating variable is either an invariant mass or a transverse mass. No significant deviations from the Standard Model predictions are observed. Three benchmark models are tested: a model predicting the existence of a new heavy scalar singlet, a simplified model predicting a heavy vector-boson triplet, and a bulk Randall-Sundrum model with a heavy spin-2 graviton. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared to theoretical cross-section predictions for a variety of models. The data exclude a scalar singlet with mass below 2650 GeV, a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 2600 GeV, and a graviton with mass below 1100 GeV. These results significantly extend the previous limits set using pp collisions at s√=8 TeV
Charged-particle distributions in s=13 TeV pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle distributions are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a data sample of nearly 9 million events, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 170 μb−1170 μb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector during a special Large Hadron Collider fill. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on the charged-particle multiplicity are presented. The measurements are performed with charged particles with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV and absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5, in events with at least one charged particle satisfying these kinematic requirements. Additional measurements in a reduced phase space with absolute pseudorapidity less than 0.8 are also presented, in order to compare with other experiments. The results are corrected for detector effects, presented as particle-level distributions and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
The application of a novel fluidised photo reactor under UV-Visible and natural solar irradiation in the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen.

With advancements in the development of visible light responsive catalysts for H2 production frequently being reported, photocatalytic water splitting has become an attractive method as a potential "solar fuel generator". The development of novel photo reactors which can enhance the potential of such catalyst, however, is rarely reported. This is particularly important as many reactor configurations are mass transport limited, which in turn limits the efficiency of more effective photocatalysts in larger scale applications. This paper describes the performance of a novel fluidised photo reactor for the production of H2 over two catalysts under UV-Visible light and natural solar illumination. Catalysts Pt-C3N4 and NaTaO3 La were dispersed in the reactor and the rate of H2 was determined by GC-TCD analysis of the gas headspace. The unit was an annular reactor constructed from stainless steel 316 and quartz glass with a propeller located in the base to control fluidisation of powder catalysts. Reactor properties such as propeller rotational speed were found to enhance the photo activity of the system through the elimination of mass transport limitations and increasing light penetration. The optimum conditions for H2 evolution were found to be a propeller rotational speed of 1035?rpm and 144?W of UV-Visible irradiation, which produced a rate of 89?umol?h-1?g-1 over Pt-C3N4. Solar irradiation was provided by the George Ellery Hale Solar Telescope, located at the California Institute of Technology.UK/US EPSRC/NSF International Collaboration in Chemistry Programme, Project number EP/H004130/1
Blood lipids and prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Genetic risk scores were used as unconfounded instruments for specific lipid traits (Mendelian randomization) to assess whether circulating lipids causally influence prostate cancer risk. Data from 22,249 prostate cancer cases and 22,133 controls from 22 studies within the international PRACTICAL consortium were analyzed. Allele scores based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously reported to be uniquely associated with each of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels, were first validated in an independent dataset, and then entered into logistic regression models to estimate the presence (and direction) of any causal effect of each lipid trait on prostate cancer risk. There was weak evidence for an association between the LDL genetic score and cancer grade: the odds ratio (OR) per genetically instrumented standard deviation (SD) in LDL, comparing high- (≥7 Gleason score) versus low-grade (<7 Gleason score) cancers was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.92, 2.46; P = 0.11). A genetically instrumented SD increase in TGs was weakly associated with stage: the OR for advanced versus localized cancer per unit increase in genetic risk score was 1.68 (95% CI: 0.95, 3.00; P = 0.08). The rs12916-T variant in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) was inversely associated with prostate cancer (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.00; P = 0.03). In conclusion, circulating lipids, instrumented by our genetic risk scores, did not appear to alter prostate cancer risk. We found weak evidence that higher LDL and TG levels increase aggressive prostate cancer risk, and that a variant in HMGCR (that mimics the LDL lowering effect of statin drugs) reduces risk. However, inferences are limited by sample size and evidence of pleiotropy
Observation of the B s 0  → J/ψϕϕ decay

The B s 0  → J/ψϕϕ decay is observed in pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 recorded by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. This is the first observation of this decay channel, with a statistical significance of 15 standard deviations. The mass of the B s 0 meson is measured to be 5367.08 ± 0.38 ± 0.15 MeV/c2. The branching fraction ratio ℬ(B s 0  → J/ψϕϕ)/ℬ(B s 0  → J/ψϕ) is measured to be 0.0115 ± 0.0012 − 0.0009 + 0.0005 . In both cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. No evidence for non-resonant B s 0  → J/ψϕK + K − or B s 0  → J/ψK + K − K + K − decays is found
On horizontal Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg and p-sub-Laplacian inequalities on stratified groups

In this paper, we present a version of horizontal weighted Hardy-Rellich type and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities on stratified groups and study some of their consequences. Our results reflect on many results previously known in special cases. Moreover, a new simple proof of the Badiale-Tarantello conjecture [2] on the best constant of a Hardy type inequality is provided. We also show a family of Poincar\'e inequalities as well as inequalities involving the weighted and unweighted $p$-sub-Laplacians
A Genetic Screen Identifies Hypothalamic Fgf15 as a Regulator of Glucagon Secretion.

The counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia, which restores normal blood glucose levels to ensure sufficient provision of glucose to the brain, is critical for survival. To discover underlying brain regulatory systems, we performed a genetic screen in recombinant inbred mice for quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling glucagon secretion in response to neuroglucopenia. We identified a QTL on the distal part of chromosome 7 and combined this genetic information with transcriptomic analysis of hypothalami. This revealed Fgf15 as the strongest candidate to control the glucagon response. Fgf15 was expressed by neurons of the dorsomedial hypothalamus and the perifornical area. Intracerebroventricular injection of FGF19, the human ortholog of Fgf15, reduced activation by neuroglucopenia of dorsal vagal complex neurons, of the parasympathetic nerve, and lowered glucagon secretion. In contrast, silencing Fgf15 in the dorsomedial hypothalamus increased neuroglucopenia-induced glucagon secretion. These data identify hypothalamic Fgf15 as a regulator of glucagon secretion
METACOHORTS for the study of vascular disease and its contribution to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. An initiative of the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease research

Dementia is a global problem and major target for health care providers. Although up to 45% of cases are primarily or partly due to cerebrovascular disease, little is known of these mechanisms or treatments because most dementia research still focuses on pure Alzheimer's disease. An improved understanding of the vascular contributions to neurodegeneration and dementia, particularly by small vessel disease, is hampered by imprecise data, including the incidence and prevalence of symptomatic and clinically “silent” cerebrovascular disease, long-term outcomes (cognitive, stroke, or functional), and risk factors. New large collaborative studies with long follow-up are expensive and time consuming, yet substantial data to advance the field are available. In an initiative funded by the Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, 55 international experts surveyed and assessed available data, starting with European cohorts, to promote data sharing to advance understanding of how vascular disease affects brain structure and function, optimize methods for cerebrovascular disease in neurodegeneration research, and focus future research on gaps in knowledge. Here, we summarize the results and recommendations from this initiative. We identified data from over 90 studies, including over 660,000 participants, many being additional to neurodegeneration data initiatives. The enthusiastic response means that cohorts from North America, Australasia, and the Asia Pacific Region are included, creating a truly global, collaborative, data sharing platform, linked to major national dementia initiatives. Furthermore, the revised World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases version 11 should facilitate recognition of vascular-related brain damage by creating one category for all cerebrovascular disease presentations and thus accelerate identification of targets for dementia prevention.The following funders supported the work. Joint Programme for Neurodegenerative Disease (JPND) Research, specifically the UK Medical Research Council, the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). The Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) through the Pools Engagement in Europe (PEER) funding from the Scottish Funding Council. The Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (in memory of Donald H K Chow). We thank the Siemens Foundation, Munich, Germany for providing the workshop venue and catering. F-EdeL acknowledges VIDI Innovation Grant from ZonMW ref 016.126.351. PMM acknowledges generous support from the Edmond J Safra Foundation and Lily Safra and the Imperial College Health Trust BRC. PMWB is Stroke Association Professor of Stroke Medicine. CdeC acknowledges support from Centre Grant NIH P30 AG 010129.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.00
Integration of wind energy into electricity systems : technical challenges and actual solutions

Wind energy is the current “star” in the field of renewable energy for electrical production. Still, the power generated by wind turbines over time is characteristically uneven due to the unpredictable nature of their primary source of power. This only increases the problems inherent to the integration of a great number of wind turbines into power networks, making their contribution rather difficult to manage (regulating voltage and frequency, wind-farm operation, etc.) The integration of wind power in the power system is now an issue in order to optimize the utilization of the resource and in order to continue the high rate of installation of wind generating capacity, which is necessary in order to achieve the goals of sustainability and security of supply. This paper presents the main technical challenges that are associated with the integration of wind power into power systems. These challenges include effects of Wind power on the power system, the power system operating cost, power quality and power imbalances (stability of grid).\ud
In addition, the paper presents the solutions will be offered to improve the management of wind power generation and increase its penetration in the overall electrical energy production
A geometric approach to alternating k-linear forms

Denote by ${\mathcal cG}_k(V)$ the Grassmannian of the $k$-subspaces of a vector space $V$ over a field $\KK$. There is a natural correspondence between hyperplanes $H$ of $\cG_k(V)$ and alternating $k$-linear forms on $V$ defined up to a scalar multiple. Given a hyperplane $H$ of ${\cG_k}(V)$, we define a subspace $R^{\uparrow}(H)$ of ${\mathcal G_{k-1}}(V)$ whose elements are the $(k-1)$-subspaces $A$ such that all $k$-spaces containing $A$ belong to $H$.\ud
When $n-k$ is even, $R^{\uparrow}(H)$ might be empty; when $n-k$ is odd, each element of $\cG_{k-2}(V)$ is contained in at least one element of $R^{\uparrow}(H)$. In the present paper we investigate several properties of $R^{\uparrow}(H)$, settle some open problems and propose a conjecture
Free-Energy Landscape and Characteristic Forces for the Initiation of DNA Unzipping

AbstractDNA unzipping, the separation of its double helix into single strands, is crucial in modulating a host of genetic processes. Although the large-scale separation of double-stranded DNA has been studied with a variety of theoretical and experimental techniques, the minute details of the very first steps of unzipping are still unclear. Here, we use atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and a statistical-mechanical model to study the initiation of DNA unzipping by an external force. Calculation of the potential of mean force profiles for the initial separation of the first few terminal basepairs in a DNA oligomer revealed that forces ranging between 130 and 230 pN are needed to disrupt the first basepair, and these values are an order of magnitude larger than those needed to disrupt basepairs in partially unzipped DNA. The force peak has an echo of ∼50 pN at the distance that unzips the second basepair. We show that the high peak needed to initiate unzipping derives from a free-energy basin that is distinct from the basins of subsequent basepairs because of entropic contributions, and we highlight the microscopic origin of the peak. To our knowledge, our results suggest a new window of exploration for single-molecule experiments
Detection of demyelination in multiple sclerosis by analysis of T2* relaxation at 7 T

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common cause of inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the central nervous system. In an attempt to detect and characterize ongoing demyelination in MS patient brains, we used a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, involving the fitting of a three-component model to the T2* relaxation behavior at high-field (7 T). This model allowed estimation of the amount of myelin water (and thus indirectly myelin content), axonal water, and interstitial water. In this study, 25 relapsing–remitting MS patients underwent a 7 T MRI from which 12 gadolinium-enhancing lesions, 61 non-enhancing lesions, and their corresponding contralateral normal appearing white matter (NAWM) regions were analyzed. In both enhancing and non-enhancing lesions, the amplitude of myelin water was significantly decreased, and interstitial and axonal water were increased relative to the contralateral NAWM. Longer relaxation time T2* of interstitial and axonal water, and lower frequency shift of axonal water, were also observed in both enhancing and non-enhancing lesions when compared to the contralateral NAWM. No significant difference was found between enhancing lesions and non-enhancing lesions. These findings suggest that the fitting of a three-component model to the T2* decay curve in MS lesions may help to quantify myelin loss
Compact lattice formulation of Cho–Faddeev–Niemi decomposition: Gluon mass generation and infrared Abelian dominance

AbstractThis Letter complements a new lattice formulation of SU(2) Yang–Mills theory written in terms of new variables in a compact form proposed in the previous paper. The new variables used in the formulation were once called the Cho–Faddeev–Niemi or Cho–Faddeev–Niemi–Shabanov decomposition. Our formulation enables us to explain the infrared “Abelian” dominance, in addition to magnetic monopole dominance shown in the previous paper, in the gauge invariant way without relying on the specific gauge fixing called the maximal Abelian gauge used in the conventional investigations. In this Letter, especially, we demonstrate by numerical simulations that gluon degrees of freedom other than the “Abelian” part acquire the mass to be decoupled in the low-energy region leading to the infrared Abelian dominance
Shell-model Hamiltonian from self-consistent mean-field model: N=Z nuclei

AbstractWe propose a procedure to determine the effective nuclear shell-model Hamiltonian in a truncated space from a self-consistent mean-field model, e.g., the Skyrme model. The parameters of pairing plus quadrupole–quadrupole interaction with monopole force are obtained so that the potential energy surface of the Skyrme Hartree–Fock+BCS calculation is reproduced. We test our method for N=Z nuclei in the fpg- and sd-shell regions. It is shown that the calculated energy spectra with these parameters are in a good agreement with experimental data, in which the importance of the monopole interaction is discussed. This method may represent a practical way of defining the Hamiltonian for general shell-model calculations
Thermodynamics of exotic black holes, negative temperature, and Bekenstein–Hawking entropy

AbstractRecently, exotic black holes whose masses and angular momenta are interchanged have been found, and it is known that their entropies depend only on the inner horizon areas. But a basic problem of these entropies is that the second law of thermodynamics is not guaranteed, in contrast to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. Here, I find that there is another entropy formula which recovers the usual Bekenstein–Hawking form, but the characteristic angular velocity and temperature are identified with those of the inner horizon, in order to satisfy the first law of black hole thermodynamics. The temperature has a negative value, due to an upper bound of mass as in spin systems, and the angular velocity has a lower bound. I show that one can obtain the same entropy formula from a conformal field theory computation, based on classical Virasoro algebras. I also describe several unanswered problems and some proposals for how these might be addressed
Angles between infinite dimensional subspaces with applications to the Rayleigh–Ritz and alternating projectors methods

AbstractWe define angles for infinite dimensional subspaces of Hilbert spaces, inspired by the work of E.J. Hannan, 1961/1962. The angles of Dixmier and Friedrichs, and the gaps are characterized. We establish connections between the angles corresponding to orthogonal complements. The sensitivity of angles with respect to subspaces is estimated. We show that the squared cosines of the angles from one subspace to another can be interpreted as Ritz values in the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The Hausdorff distance between the Ritz values, corresponding to different trial subspaces, is shown to be bounded by a constant times the gap between the subspaces. We prove a similar eigenvalue perturbation bound that involves the gap squared. An ultimate acceleration of the classical alternating projectors method is proposed. Its convergence rate is estimated in terms of the angles. We illustrate the acceleration for a domain decomposition method with a small overlap for the 1D diffusion equation
Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model

AbstractWe consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest