pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Relation between proton decay and PMNS phase in the minimal SUSY
  $SO(10)$ GUT

Proton decay is one of the most important predictions of the grand unified
theory (GUT). In the supersymmetric (SUSY) GUT, proton decays via the
dimension-five operators need to be suppressed. In the $SO(10)$ model where
${\bf 10}+\overline{\bf 126}$ Higgs fields couple to fermions, neutrino
oscillation parameters including the CP-violating
Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) phase can be related to the Yukawa
couplings to generate the dimension-five operators in the unified framework. We
show how the suppressed proton decay depends on the PMNS phase, and stress the
importance of the precise measurements of the PMNS phase as well as the
neutrino 23-mixing angle. These become especially important if the SUSY
particles are found around less than a few TeV at LHC and proton decays are
observed at Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE experiments in the near future
NNLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson production at large transverse momentum.

We derive the second-order QCD corrections to the production of a Higgs boson recoiling against a parton with finite transverse momentum, working in the effective field theory in which the top quark contributions are integrated out. To account for quark mass effects, we supplement the effective field theory result by the full quark mass dependence at leading order. Our calculation is fully differential in the final state kinematics and includes the decay of the Higgs boson to a photon pair. It allows one to make next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO)-accurate theory predictions for Higgs-plus-jet final states and for the transverse momentum distribution of the Higgs boson, accounting for the experimental definition of the fiducial cross sections. The NNLO QCD corrections are found to be moderate and positive, they lead to a substantial reduction of the theory uncertainty on the predictions. We compare our results to 8 TeV LHC data from ATLAS and CMS. While the shape of the data is well-described for both experiments, we agree on the normalization only for CMS. By normalizing data and theory to the inclusive fiducial cross section for Higgs production, good agreement is found for both experiments, however at the expense of an increased theory uncertainty. We make predictions for Higgs production observables at the 13 TeV LHC, which are in good agreement with recent ATLAS data. At this energy, the leading order mass corrections to the effective field theory prediction become significant at large transverse momenta, and we discuss the resulting uncertainties on the predictions
Visualization and processing of computed solid-state NMR parameters : MagresView and MagresPython.

We introduce two open source tools to aid the processing and visualisation of ab-initio computed solid-state NMR parameters. The Magres file format for computed NMR parameters (as implemented in CASTEP v8.0 and QuantumEspresso v5.0.0) is implemented. MagresView is built upon the widely used Jmol crystal viewer, and provides an intuitive environment to display computed NMR parameters. It can provide simple pictorial representation of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra as well as output a selected spin-system for exact simulations with dedicated spin-dynamics software. MagresPython provides a simple scripting environment to manipulate large numbers of computed NMR parameters to search for structural correlations
Dynamic homogenisation of Maxwell???s equations with applications to photonic crystals and localised waveforms on gratings

A two-scale asymptotic theory is developed to generate continuum equations that model the macroscopic be- haviour of electromagnetic waves in periodic photonic structures when the wavelength is not necessarily long relative to the periodic cell dimensions; potentially highly-oscillatory short-scale detail is encapsulated through integrated quantities. The resulting equations include tensors that represent effective refractive indices near band edge frequencies along all principal axes directions, and these govern scalar functions providing long-scale mod- ulation of short-scale Bloch eigenstates, which can be used to predict the propagation of waves at frequencies outside of the long wavelength regime; these results are outside of the remit of typical homogenisation schemes. The theory we develop is applied to two topical examples, the first being the case of aligned dielectric cylin- ders, which has great importance in modelling photonic crystal fibres. Results of the asymptotic theory are veri- fied against numerical simulations by comparing photonic band diagrams and evanescent decay rates for guided modes. The second example is the propagation of electromagnetic waves localised within a planar array of di- electric spheres; at certain frequencies strongly directional propagation is observed, commonly described as dy- namic anisotropy. Computationally this is a challenging three-dimensional calculation, which we perform, and then demonstrate that the asymptotic theory captures the effect, giving highly accurate qualitative and quantitative comparisons as well as providing interpretation for the underlying change from elliptic to hyperbolic behaviour
The UK’s total nitrogen budget from 1990 to 2020: a transition from source to sink?

This study estimates the annual total nitrogen balance of the UK from 1990 to 2020. The following inputs of nitrogen are considered: inorganic fertilizer, atmospheric deposition; food and feed imports; and biological nitrogen fixation. The outputs considered compose: atmospheric emissions; direct losses of sewage and industrial effluent to the sea; fluvial losses at source; food and feed exports; and terrestrial denitrification. It is shown that: (1) Inputs of inorganic fertilizer declined significantly over the study period with both atmospheric deposition and food and feed imports significantly increasing. (2) Outputs of total N also significantly declined with all output pathways decreasing except for atmospheric emissions and terrestrial denitrification to N2. (3) The UK was a net source of total nitrogen in 1990 of approximately −1941 ± 224 kilotonnes N/year (−8 tonnes N/km2/year; inter-quartile range of ±0.9 tonnes/km2/year). However, by 2012, this net nitrogen source had decreased to about −1446 ± 195 kilotonnes N/year (−5.9 tonnes N/km2/year). The future total N balance of the UK is being driven by declines in outputs rather than changes in inputs. The largest declines are in the atmospheric emissions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) and the fluvial flux of N such that by 2020 to the total N budget is predicted to be −1042 (±246) kilotonnes N/year (−4.2 tonnes N/km2/year) and by 2031 the UK would be a net sink of total N.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Comparison of black hole growth in galaxy mergers with gasoline and ramses

Supermassive black hole dynamics during galaxy mergers is crucial in determining the rate of black hole mergers and cosmic black hole growth. As simulations achieve higher resolution, it becomes important to assess whether the black hole dynamics is influenced by the treatment of the interstellar medium in different simulation codes. We compare simulations of black hole growth in galaxy mergers with two codes: the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code GASOLINE, and the adaptive mesh refinement code RAMSES. We seek to identify predictions of these models that are robust despite differences in hydrodynamic methods and implementations of subgrid physics. We find that the general behavior is consistent between codes. Black hole accretion is minimal while the galaxies are well-separated (and even as they fly by within 10 kpc at the first pericenter). At late stages, when the galaxies pass within a few kpc, tidal torques drive nuclear gas inflow that triggers bursts of black hole accretion accompanied by star formation. We also note quantitative discrepancies that are model dependent: our RAMSES simulations show less star formation and black hole growth, and a smoother gas distribution with larger clumps and filaments than our GASOLINE simulations. We attribute these differences primarily to the subgrid models for black hole fueling, feedback, and gas thermodynamics. The main conclusion is that differences exist quantitatively between codes, and this should be kept in mind when making comparisons with observations. However, both codes capture the same dynamical behaviors in terms of triggering black hole accretion, star formation, and black hole dynamics, which is reassuring
Evidence for exclusive $γγ→W^{+}W^{−}$ production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=7 and 8 TeV

A search for exclusive or quasi-exclusive $γγ→W^{+}W^{−}$ production, via $pp → p^{(∗)}W^{+}W^{−}p^{(∗)}$ → $p^{(∗)}μ^{±}e^{∓}p^{(∗)}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8TeV, is reported using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7fb$^{−1}$. Events are selected by requiring the pres- ence of an electron-muon pair with large transverse momentum pT(μ±e∓) > 30 GeV, and no associated charged particles detected from the same vertex. The 8 TeV results are combined with the previous 7 TeV results (obtained for 5.05 fb$^{−1}$ of data). In the signal region, 13 (2) events are observed over an expected background of 3.9 ± 0.6 (0.84 ± 0.15) events for 8 (7) TeV, resulting in a combined excess of 3.4σ over the background-only hypothesis. The observed yields and kinematic distributions are compatible with the standard model prediction for exclusive and quasi-exclusive $γγ→W^{+}W^{−}$ production. Upper limits on the anomalous quartic gauge coupling operators $a_{0},c^{W}$ (dimension-6) and $f_{M0,1,2,3}$ (dimension-8), the most stringent to date, are derived from the measured dilepton transverse momentum spectrum
A search for top squarks with R-parity-violating decays to all-hadronic final states with the ATLAS detector in $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for the pair production of top squarks, each with R-parity-violating decays into two Standard Model quarks, is performed using 17.4 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Each top squark is assumed to decay to a b- and an s-quark, leading to four quarks in the final state. Background discrimination is achieved with the use of b-tagging and selections on the mass and substructure of large-radius jets, providing sensitivity to top squark masses as low as 100 GeV. No evidence of an excess beyond the Standard Model background prediction is observed and top squarks decaying to $\bar{b}\bar{s}$ are excluded for top squark masses in the range $100 \leq m_{\tilde{t}} \leq 315$ GeV at 95% confidence level
Diffractive photoproduction of ρ mesons with large momentum transfer at HERA

AbstractThe diffractive photoproduction of ρ mesons, ep→eρY, with large momentum transfer squared at the proton vertex, |t|, is studied with the H1 detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 20.1 pb−1. The photon–proton centre of mass energy spans the range 75<W<95 GeV, the photon virtuality is restricted to Q2<0.01 GeV2 and the mass MY of the proton remnant is below 5 GeV. The t dependence of the cross section is measured for the range 1.5<|t|<10.0 GeV2 and is well described by a power law, dσ/d|t|∝|t|−n. The spin density matrix elements, which provide information on the helicity structure of the interaction, are extracted using measurements of angular distributions of the ρ decay products. The data indicate a violation of s-channel helicity conservation, with contributions from both single and double helicity-flip being observed. The results are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD models
The equivariant A-twist and gauged linear sigma models on the two-sphere.

We study two-dimensional  N=(2,2)N=(2,2)  supersymmetric gauged linear sigma models (GLSM) on the Ω-deformed sphere, SΩ2, which is a one-parameter deformation of the A-twisted sphere. We provide an exact formula for the SΩ2 supersymmetric correlation functions using supersymmetric localization. The contribution of each instanton sector is given in terms of a Jeffrey-Kirwan residue on the Coulomb branch. In the limit of vanishing Ω-deformation, the localization formula greatly simplifies the computation of A-twisted correlation functions, and leads to new results for non-abelian theories. We discuss a number of examples and comment on the ϵΩ-deformation of the quantum cohomology relations. Finally, we present a complementary Higgs branch localization scheme in the special case of abelian gauge groups
Amine-functionalization of glycidyl methacrylate-containing emulsion-templated porous polymers and immobilization of proteinase K for biocatalysis

AbstractGlycidyl methacrylate (GMA) emulsion-templated porous polymers (polyHIPEs) were prepared by thermal and photopolymerisation and derivatised with morpholine, tris(2-aminoethylamine) and a bisamino-PEG homobifunctional molecule. The extent of the functionalization reactions was investigated by a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques (FTIR, CHN analysis, titration, XPS, HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy, ninhydrin assay and Fmoc number determination) and was found to be excellent for small molecule amines (up to 89% conversion) but low for the reaction with PEG (2% conversion). This was ascribed to the high exclusion volume of the PEG chains in solution. Proteinase K (Pro K) was subsequently immobilized covalently onto the GMA polyHIPE material, both directly via reaction with surface epoxy groups and indirectly by activation of the pendent amine groups of PEGylated polyHIPE with glutaraldehyde then reductive amination with the enzyme. The activity of the supported enzymes was determined by a continuous electrochemical assay involving the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-l-tyrosine ethyl ester. The directly immobilized Pro K was found to have an activity of only 3.6 U/g whereas the activity of the enzyme immobilized via the PEG linker was much higher (up to 78 U/g)
The grammar of the essential indexical

AbstractLike proper names, demonstratives, and definite descriptions, pronouns have referential uses. These can be ‘essentially indexical’ in the sense that they cannot be replaced by non-pronominal forms of reference. Here we show that the grammar of pronouns in such occurrences is systematically different from that of other referential expressions, in a way that illuminates the differences in reference in question. We specifically illustrate, in the domain of Romance clitics and pronouns, a hierarchy of referentiality, as related to the topology of the grammatical phase. Our explanation is based on extending the ‘Topological Mapping Hypotheses’ of Longobardi (2005) and Sheehan and Hinzen (2011). The extended topology covers the full range of interpretations, from purely predicative to quantificational (scope-bearing), to referential and deictic. Along this scale, grammatical complexity increases, and none of these forms of reference is lexical. This provides evidence for the foundational conclusion that the source of essential indexicality is grammatical rather than lexical, semantic or pragmatic
Quaternion involutions and anti-involutions

AbstractAn involution or anti-involution is a self-inverse linear mapping. In this paper we study quaternion involutions and anti-involutions. We review formal axioms for such involutions and anti-involutions. We present two mappings, one a quaternion involution and one an anti-involution, and a geometric interpretation of each as reflections. We present results on the composition of these mappings and show that the quaternion conjugate may be expressed using three mutually perpendicular anti-involutions. Finally, we show that projection of a vector or quaternion can be expressed concisely using three mutually perpendicular anti-involutions
Gauge U(1) dark symmetry and radiative light fermion masses

AbstractA gauge U(1) family symmetry is proposed, spanning the quarks and leptons as well as particles of the dark sector. The breaking of U(1) to Z2 divides the two sectors and generates one-loop radiative masses for the first two families of quarks and leptons, as well as all three neutrinos. We study the phenomenological implications of this new connection between family symmetry and dark matter. In particular, a scalar or pseudoscalar particle associated with this U(1) breaking may be identified with the 750 GeV diphoton resonance recently observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Non-linear stability bounds for a horizontal layer of a porous medium with an exothermic reaction on the lower boundary

AbstractWe use the energy method to find regions of stability for a horizontal layer of a Darcy porous medium with an exothermic reaction on the lower layer. The results are compared to the linear instability results for this model found by Scott and Straughan [16]. It is shown that there is a region in which sub-critical instabilities may occur, but for small Lewis numbers, 0<Le<10, the non-linear stability boundary is reasonably close to the linear instability boundary. The effect of varying the parameters of the reaction on the stability curve is discussed
High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate differences in dietary intakes between 30251 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Oxford study, comprising 18 244 meat eaters, 4 531 fish eaters, 6 673 vegetarians, and 803 vegans aged 30 to 90 years who completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires. We hypothesized that these groups characterized by varying degrees of animal product exclusion have significantly different intakes of many nutrients, with possible implications for dietary adequacy and compliance with population dietary goals. Nutrient intakes were estimated including fortification in foods, but excluding dietary supplements. Dietary supplementation practices were also evaluated. Highly significant differences were found in estimated nutrient intakes between meat eaters and vegans, with fish eaters and vegetarians usually having intermediate values. Meat eaters had the highest energy intakes, followed by fish eaters and vegetarians, whereas vegans had the lowest intakes. Vegans had the highest intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamins C and E, folate, magnesium, iron, and copper. Meat eaters had the highest intake of saturated fatty acids, protein, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin D, zinc, and iodine. Fish eaters had the highest intakes of calcium and selenium. There were no statistically significant differences in sodium and potassium intakes between dietary groups. With the exception of sodium intake, compliance with population dietary goals was high across diet groups. The results suggested a high prevalence of inadequacy for dietary vitamin B12 and iodine in vegans. The diet groups under study showed striking differences in dietary intakes, with possible implications for compliance with dietary recommendations, as well as cardiometabolic diseases risk
Office workers' objectively assessed total and prolonged sitting time: Individual-level correlates and worksite variations

AbstractSedentary behavior is highly prevalent in office-based workplaces; however, few studies have assessed the attributes associated with this health risk factor in the workplace setting. This study aimed to identify the correlates of office workers' objectively-assessed total and prolonged (≥30min bouts) workplace sitting time. Participants were 231 Australian office workers recruited from 14 sites of a single government employer in 2012–13. Potential socio-demographic, work-related, health-related and cognitive-social correlates were measured through a self-administered survey and anthropometric measurements. Associations with total and prolonged workplace sitting time (measured with the activPAL3) were tested using linear mixed models. Worksites varied significantly in total workplace sitting time (overall mean [SD]: 79% [10%] of work hours) and prolonged workplace sitting time (42% [19%]), after adjusting for socio-demographic and work-related characteristics. Organisational tenure of 3–5years (compared to tenure >5years) was associated with more time spent in total and prolonged workplace sitting time, while having a BMI categorised as obese (compared to a healthy BMI) was associated with less time spent in total and prolonged workplace sitting time. Significant variations in sitting time were observed across different worksites of the same employer and the variation remained after adjusting for individual-level factors. Only BMI and organisational tenure were identified as correlates of total and prolonged workplace sitting time. Additional studies are needed to confirm the present findings across diverse organisations and occupations
On the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs

AbstractTolerance graphs have been extensively studied since their introduction, due to their interesting structure and their numerous applications, as they generalize both interval and permutation graphs in a natural way. It has been conjectured by Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter in 1984 that the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs coincides with bounded tolerance graphs. Since cocomparability graphs can be efficiently recognized, a positive answer to this conjecture in the general case would enable us to efficiently distinguish between tolerance and bounded tolerance graphs, although it is NP-complete to recognize each of these classes of graphs separately. This longstanding conjecture has been proved under some– rather strong –structural  assumptions on the input graph; in particular, it has been proved for complements of trees, and later extended to complements of bipartite graphs, and these are the only known results so far. Furthermore, it is known that the intersection of tolerance and cocomparability graphs is contained in the class of trapezoid graphs. Our main result in this article is that the above conjecture is true for every graph  G that admits a tolerance representation with exactly one unbounded vertex; note that this assumption concerns only the given tolerance representation   R of  G, rather than any structural property of  G. Moreover, our results imply as a corollary that the conjecture of Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter is true for every graph G=(V,E) that has no three independent vertices a,b,c∈V such that  N(a)⊂N(b)⊂N(c), where N(v) denotes the set of neighbors of a vertex v∈V; this is satisfied in particular when G is the complement of a triangle-free graph (which also implies the above-mentioned correctness for complements of bipartite graphs). Our proofs are constructive, in the sense that, given a tolerance representation  R of a graph  G, we transform  R into a bounded tolerance representation  R∗ of  G. Furthermore, we conjecture that any minimal tolerance graph  G that is not a bounded tolerance graph, has a tolerance representation with exactly one unbounded vertex. Our results imply the non-trivial result that, in order to prove the conjecture of Golumbic, Monma, and Trotter, it suffices to prove our conjecture
Linked-cluster Tamm–Dancoff field theory

AbstractTo solve the relativistic bound-state problem one needs to systematically and simultaneously decouple the high-energy from the low-energy modes and the many-body from the few-particle states using a consistent renormalization scheme. In a recent Letter we have shown that one such approach can be a combination of the coupled cluster method as used in many-body theory and the Wilsonian exact renormalization group. Even though the method is intrinsically non-perturbative, one can easily implement a loop expansion within it. In this Letter we provide further support for this aspect of our formalism by obtaining results for the two-loop renormalized φ4 theory. We show that the non-unitary representation inherent in our method leads to an economic computation and does not produce any non-Hermiticity in the relevant terms