pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Networking Our Way to Better Ecosystem Service Provision.

The ecosystem services (EcoS) concept is being used increasingly to attach values to natural systems and the multiple benefits they provide to human societies. Ecosystem processes or functions only become EcoS if they are shown to have social and/or economic value. This should assure an explicit connection between the natural and social sciences, but EcoS approaches have been criticized for retaining little natural science. Preserving the natural, ecological science context within EcoS research is challenging because the multiple disciplines involved have very different traditions and vocabularies (common-language challenge) and span many organizational levels and temporal and spatial scales (scale challenge) that define the relevant interacting entities (interaction challenge). We propose a network-based approach to transcend these discipline challenges and place the natural science context at the heart of EcoS research
A core human primary tumor angiogenesis signature identifies the endothelial orphan receptor ELTD1 as a key regulator of angiogenesis.

Limited clinical benefits derived from anti-VEGF therapy have driven the identification of new targets involved in tumor angiogenesis. Here, we report an integrative meta-analysis to define the transcriptional program underlying angiogenesis in human cancer. This approach identified ELTD1, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor whose expression is induced by VEGF/bFGF and repressed by DLL4 signaling. Extensive analysis of multiple cancer types demonstrates significant upregulation of ELTD1 in tumor-associated endothelial cells, with a higher expression correlating with favorable prognosis. Importantly, ELTD1 silencing impairs endothelial sprouting and vessel formation in vitro and in vivo, drastically reducing tumor growth and greatly improving survival. Collectively, these results provide insight into the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and highlight ELTD1 as key player in blood vessel formation
Gene and pathway level analyses of germline DNA-repair gene variants and prostate cancer susceptibility using the iCOGS-genotyping array.

BACKGROUND: Germline mutations within DNA-repair genes are implicated in susceptibility to multiple forms of cancer. For prostate cancer (PrCa), rare mutations in BRCA2 and BRCA1 give rise to moderately elevated risk, whereas two of ∼100 common, low-penetrance PrCa susceptibility variants identified so far by genome-wide association studies implicate RAD51B and RAD23B. METHODS: Genotype data from the iCOGS array were imputed to the 1000 genomes phase 3 reference panel for 21 780 PrCa cases and 21 727 controls from the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (PRACTICAL) consortium. We subsequently performed single variant, gene and pathway-level analyses using 81 303 SNPs within 20 Kb of a panel of 179 DNA-repair genes. RESULTS: Single SNP analyses identified only the previously reported association with RAD51B. Gene-level analyses using the SKAT-C test from the SNP-set (Sequence) Kernel Association Test (SKAT) identified a significant association with PrCa for MSH5. Pathway-level analyses suggested a possible role for the translesion synthesis pathway in PrCa risk and Homologous recombination/Fanconi Anaemia pathway for PrCa aggressiveness, even though after adjustment for multiple testing these did not remain significant. CONCLUSIONS: MSH5 is a novel candidate gene warranting additional follow-up as a prospective PrCa-risk locus. MSH5 has previously been reported as a pleiotropic susceptibility locus for lung, colorectal and serous ovarian cancers
ϒ(nS) polarizations versus particle multiplicity in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

The polarizations of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) mesons are measured as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV. The measurements are performed with a dimuon data sample collected in 2011 by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1. The results are extracted from the dimuon decay angular distributions, in two ranges of ϒ(nS) transverse momentum (10–15 and 15–35 GeV), and in the rapidity interval |y|>1.2. The results do not show significant changes from low- to high-multiplicity pp collisions, although large uncertainties preclude definite statements in the ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) cases
Integration of copy number and transcriptomics provides risk stratification in prostate cancer: a discovery and validation cohort study

Background
Understanding the heterogeneous genotypes and phenotypes of prostate cancer is fundamental
to improving the way we treat this disease. As yet, there are no validated descriptions of
prostate cancer subgroups derived from integrated genomics linked with clinical outcome.
Methods
In a study of 482 tumour, benign and germline samples from 259 men with primary prostate
cancer, we used integrative analysis of copy number alterations (CNA) and array transcriptomics
to identify genomic loci that affect expression levels of mRNA in an expression quantitative trait
loci (eQTL) approach, to stratify patients into subgroups that we then associated with future
clinical behavior, and compared with either CNA or transcriptomics alone.
Findings
We identified five separate patient subgroups with distinct genomic alterations and expression
profiles based on 100 discriminating genes in our separate discovery and validation sets of 125
and 99 men. These subgroups were able to consistently predict biochemical relapse (p=0.0017
and p=0.016 respectively) and were further validated in a third cohort with long-term follow-up
(p=0.027). We show the relative contributions of gene expression and copy number data on
phenotype, and demonstrate the improved power gained from integrative analyses. We confirm
alterations in six genes previously associated with prostate cancer (MAP3K7, MELK, RCBTB2,
ELAC2, TPD52, ZBTB4) in prostate cancer, and also identify 94 genes not previously linked to
prostate cancer progression that would not have been detected using either transcript or copy
number data alone. We confirm a number of previously published molecular changes associated
with high risk disease, including MYC amplification, and NKX3-1, RB1 and PTEN deletions, as well
as over-expression of PCA3 and AMACR, and loss of MSMB in tumour tissue. A subset of the 100
genes outperforms established clinical predictors of poor prognosis (PSA, Gleason score), as well
as previously published gene signatures (p=0·0001). We further show how our molecular profiles
can be used for the early detection of aggressive cases in a clinical setting, and inform treatment
decisions.
Interpretation
For the first time in prostate cancer this study demonstrates the importance of integrated
genomic analyses incorporating both benign and tumour tissue data in identifying molecular
alterations leading to generation of robust gene sets that are predictive of clinical outcome in
independent patient cohorts.Cambridge work was funded by a CRUK programme grant awarded to DEN; Swedish work and tissue collections were funded by grants from the Linne Centre for Breast and Prostate Cancer (CRISP, grant 70867901), Karolinska Institutet, the Swedish Research Council (K2010-70X-20430-04-3), and the Swedish Cancer Society (11-0287).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.01
The base of Korean noun paradigms: Evidence from tone

This paper reports and analyzes the tonal patterns that emerge in South Kyengsang monosyllabic nouns that exhibit two well-known analogical changes in stem shape, one involving coronal obstruent codas and the other stems with an underlying cluster. By the first change, underlying and orthographic /nach/ ‘face’ inflects as nat̚, nach-ɨl (conservative) or nas-ɨl (innovative); and by the second underlying /talk/ ‘chicken’ inflects as tak̚, talk-ɨl (conservative) or tak-ɨl (innovative). We find that many such nouns with a high-low tonal pattern change to high-high when inflected with the segmentally innovative stem. We propose that this tonal change supports the model of Korean noun paradigms proposed in Albright (2008) and Do (2013) in which the citation form serves as the base for the construction of the suffixed forms. If the base is a neutralization site, then learners select the alternant in which they have the greatest confidence of scoring a correct hit when undoing the neutralization
Dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV has been studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using an integrated luminosity of 37 pb⁻¹. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet bin-averaged cross sections are presented as functions of photon transverse energy, jet transverse momentum and jet rapidity. In addition, the bin-averaged cross sections as functions of the difference between the azimuthal angles of the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass frame have been measured. Next-to-leading-order QCD calculations are compared to the measurements and provide a good description of the data, except for the case of the azimuthal opening angle.G.Aad ... P.Jackson ... L.Lee ... A.Petridis ... N.Soni ... M.J.White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

We report a search for first generation scalar leptoquarks using 1.03 fb⁻¹ of proton–proton collisions data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at √s = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. Leptoquarks are sought via their decay into an electron or neutrino and a quark, producing events with two oppositely charged electrons and at least two jets, or events with an electron, missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. Control data samples are used to validate background predictions from Monte Carlo simulation. In the signal region, the observed event yields are consistent with the background expectations. We exclude at 95% confidence level the production of first generation scalar leptoquark with masses mLQ < 660 (607) GeV when assuming the branching fraction of a leptoquark to a charged lepton is equal to 1.0 (0.5).G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Elevated ATPase Activity of KaiC Applies a Circadian Checkpoint on Cell Division in Synechococcus elongatus

SummaryA circadian clock coordinates physiology and behavior in diverse groups of living organisms. Another major cyclic cellular event, the cell cycle, is regulated by the circadian clock in the few cases where linkage of these cycles has been studied. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the circadian clock gates cell division by an unknown mechanism. Using timelapse microscopy, we confirm the gating of cell division in the wild-type and demonstrate the regulation of cytokinesis by key clock components. Specifically, a state of the oscillator protein KaiC that is associated with elevated ATPase activity closes the gate by acting through a known clock output pathway to inhibit FtsZ ring formation at the division site. An activity that stimulates KaiC phosphorylation independently of the KaiA protein was also uncovered. We propose a model that separates the functions of KaiC ATPase and phosphorylation in cell division gating and other circadian behaviors
Moments of ϕ meson spectral functions in vacuum and nuclear matter

AbstractMoments of the ϕ meson spectral function in vacuum and in nuclear matter are analyzed, combining a model based on chiral SU(3) effective field theory (with kaonic degrees of freedom) and finite-energy QCD sum rules. For the vacuum we show that the spectral density is strongly constrained by a recent accurate measurement of the e+e−→K+K− cross section. In nuclear matter the ϕ spectrum is modified by interactions of the decay kaons with the surrounding nuclear medium, leading to a significant broadening and an asymmetric deformation of the ϕ meson peak. We demonstrate that both in vacuum and nuclear matter, the first two moments of the spectral function are compatible with finite-energy QCD sum rules. A brief discussion of the next-higher spectral moment involving strange four-quark condensates is also presented
Electro-coagulation coupled electro-flotation process: Feasible choice in doxycycline removal from pharmaceutical effluents

AbstractElectrochemical treatment involving a coupled coagulation and floatation was performed in the removal of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) from aqueous solutions. All the experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor of 1.5L which contained aluminum electrodes as cathode and anode. The removal of doxycycline hyclate (DCH) species by EC/EF was determined as a function of electrolysis time, pH, current intensity, flow rate and DCH concentration. From the observed results, it was corroborated that the DCH removal through the EC/EF process was excellent. The effective contribution from initial pH (7.03) and current intensity (5.39mAcm−2) was very much remarkable and well apparent from flocs of good buoyancy. The removal of DCH was inversely proportional to spacing between electrodes (SBE) and circulating flow rate in the presence of the supporting NaCl electrolyte of 1gL−1. It was also highly promoted by the addition of NaCl in comparison with NaNO3 and KCl to the electrolytic system. The compliance of four kinetic models was verified with DCH removal system. The free energy values from DKR model suggested the nature of bonding by chemical forces. Characterization by FTIR, SEM and XRD interpreted the assignments of various functional groups, surface morphology and crystalline incorporated amorphous nature, respectively of electro-generated flocs. The current efficiency and specific electrical energy consumption at optimized conditions of the EC/EF system were calculated
Meniscal repair by all-inside technique with Fast-Fix device

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the results and effectiveness of the technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using Fast-Fix device.MethodsA retrospective cohort study evaluating 22 patients with meniscal surgery between January 2004 and December 2010 underwent meniscal repair technique for all-inside with the Fast-Fix device with or without ACL reconstruction. Function and quality of life outcomes were chosen by the IKDC and Lysholm score, before and postoperatively, and reoperation rates, relying to the time of final follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 59 months (16–84). The Lysholm score showed 72% (16 patients) of excellent and good results (84–100 points), 27% (6 patients) fair (65–83 points) and no cases classified as poor (<64 points). According to the IKDC: 81% (18 patients) of excellent and good results (75–100 points), 18% of cases regular (50–75 points) and no patient had poor results (<50 points). There were no failures or complications.ConclusionThe technique of meniscal repair type all-inside using the Fast-Fix device is safe and effective for the treatment of meniscal lesions in the red zone or red-white with or without simultaneous ACL reconstruction, with good and excellent results in most patients Level 4 Study
Novel T-Violation observable open to any pair of decay channels at meson factories

AbstractQuantum entanglement between the two neutral mesons produced in meson factories has allowed the first indisputable direct observation of Time Reversal Violation in the time evolution of the neutral meson between the two decays. The exceptional meson transitions are directly connected to semileptonic and CP eigenstate decay channels. The possibility of extending the observable asymmetries to more decay channels confronts the problem of the “orthogonality condition”, which can be stated with this tongue-twister: Given a decay channel f, which is the decay channel f′ such that the meson state not decaying to f′ is orthogonal to the meson state not decaying to f? In this Letter we propose an alternative T-Violation asymmetry at meson factories which allows its opening to any pair of decay channels. Instead of searching which is the pair of decay channels associated to the T-reverse meson transition, we build an asymmetry which tags the initial states of both the Reference and the T-reverse meson transitions. This observable filters the appropriate final states by means of two measurable survival probabilities. We discuss the methodology to be followed in the analysis of the new observable and the results expected in specific examples
Young Driver Distraction: State of the Evidence and Directions for Behavior Change Programs

AbstractAdolescent drivers are overrepresented in distraction-related motor vehicle crashes. A number of potential reasons for such an elevated risk include driving inexperience, high adoption of communication technology, increased peer involvement, and tendency to take risks, which render young drivers particularly vulnerable. Major legislative efforts in Graduated Licensing Systems that include passenger restrictions have shown positive effects. Restrictions on cell phone use are also being introduced; however, it is challenging to enforce such regulations. This article argues that such contextual, legislative interventions are an essential prevention strategy, but there is an unfilled need to introduce behavior change programs that may target adolescents, parents, and friends. A theoretical framework is applied in which risk and protective factors are identified from research within the contexts of community and jurisdiction. In the literature on distraction, social context and normative influences are key elements used to inform program design for adolescent drivers, with parental monitoring informing interventions targeting parents. Following from this assessment of the message content assessment, the design of strategies to deliver the messages is reviewed. In the current literature, school-based programs, simulations, and Web-delivered programs have been evaluated with supplementary strategies delivered by physicians and parents. Such developments are still at an early stage of development, and ultimately will need controlled implementation and evaluation studies. Of course, there is no likely single approach to prevent adolescent driver distraction. Complementary approaches such as the further development of technological interventions to manage phone use are needed
Higgs production at the LHC: Updated cross sections at s=8 TeV

AbstractWe present predictions for the inclusive cross section for Higgs boson production by gluon–gluon fusion in proton collisions at s=8 TeV. Our calculation is accurate up to next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD perturbation theory and includes soft-gluon effects up to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and two-loop electroweak corrections. The dependence on heavy-quark masses is taken into account exactly up to next-to-leading order and next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, and a treatment of the Higgs boson line-shape is provided according to the complex-pole scheme
Interregional compensatory mechanisms of motor functioning in progressing preclinical neurodegeneration

AbstractUnderstanding brain reserve in preclinical stages of neurodegenerative disorders allows determination of which brain regions contribute to normal functioning despite accelerated neuronal loss. Besides the recruitment of additional regions, a reorganisation and shift of relevance between normally engaged regions are a suggested key mechanism. Thus, network analysis methods seem critical for investigation of changes in directed causal interactions between such candidate brain regions. To identify core compensatory regions, fifteen preclinical patients carrying the genetic mutation leading to Huntington's disease and twelve controls underwent fMRI scanning. They accomplished an auditory paced finger sequence tapping task, which challenged cognitive as well as executive aspects of motor functioning by varying speed and complexity of movements. To investigate causal interactions among brain regions a single Dynamic Causal Model (DCM) was constructed and fitted to the data from each subject. The DCM parameters were analysed using statistical methods to assess group differences in connectivity, and the relationship between connectivity patterns and predicted years to clinical onset was assessed in gene carriers.In preclinical patients, we found indications for neural reserve mechanisms predominantly driven by bilateral dorsal premotor cortex, which increasingly activated superior parietal cortices the closer individuals were to estimated clinical onset. This compensatory mechanism was restricted to complex movements characterised by high cognitive demand. Additionally, we identified task-induced connectivity changes in both groups of subjects towards pre- and caudal supplementary motor areas, which were linked to either faster or more complex task conditions. Interestingly, coupling of dorsal premotor cortex and supplementary motor area was more negative in controls compared to gene mutation carriers. Furthermore, changes in the connectivity pattern of gene carriers allowed prediction of the years to estimated disease onset in individuals.Our study characterises the connectivity pattern of core cortical regions maintaining motor function in relation to varying task demand. We identified connections of bilateral dorsal premotor cortex as critical for compensation as well as task-dependent recruitment of pre- and caudal supplementary motor area. The latter finding nicely mirrors a previously published general linear model-based analysis of the same data. Such knowledge about disease specific inter-regional effective connectivity may help identify foci for interventions based on transcranial magnetic stimulation designed to stimulate functioning and also to predict their impact on other regions in motor-associated networks
Standard Model with the additional Z6 symmetry on the lattice

AbstractAn additional Z6 symmetry hidden in the fermion and Higgs sectors of the Standard Model has been found recently [Phys. Lett. B 583 (2004) 379]. A lattice regularization of the Standard Model was constructed that possesses this symmetry. In [Yad. Fiz. (2005)] we have reported our results on the numerical simulation of the electroweak sector of the model. In this Letter we report our results on the numerical simulation of the full (SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1)) model. The phase diagram of the model has been investigated using static quark and lepton potentials. Various types of monopoles have been constructed. Their densities appear to be sensitive to the phase transition lines. Differences between the realizations of the Standard Model which do or do not possess the mentioned Z6 symmetry, are discussed
Indications of partial chiral symmetry restoration from pionic atoms

AbstractExtensive data on strong interaction effects in pionic atoms are analyzed with a density-dependent isovector scattering amplitude suggested recently by Weise to result from a density dependence of the pion decay constant. Most of the so-called ‘missing s-wave repulsion’ is removed when adopting this approach, thus indicating a partial chiral symmetry restoration in dense matter. The resulting potentials describe quite well also elastic scattering of 20 MeV pions on Ca. Further tests with elastic scattering are desirable