pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Serial, Covert, Shifts of Attention during Visual Search are Reflected by the Frontal Eye Fields and Correlated with Population Oscillations

Attention regulates the flood of sensory information into a manageable stream, and so understanding how attention is controlled is central to understanding cognition. Competing theories suggest visual search involves serial and/or parallel allocation of attention, but there is little direct, neural evidence for either mechanism. Two monkeys were trained to covertly search an array for a target stimulus under visual search (endogenous) and pop-out (exogenous) conditions. Here, we present neural evidence in the frontal eye fields (FEF) for serial, covert shifts of attention during search but not pop-out. Furthermore, attention shifts reflected in FEF spiking activity were correlated with 18–34 Hz oscillations in the local field potential, suggesting a “clocking” signal. This provides direct neural evidence that primates can spontaneously adopt a serial search strategy and that these serial covert shifts of attention are directed by the FEF. It also suggests that neuron population oscillations may regulate the timing of cognitive processing.Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology (Grant SBE0354378)National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U.S.) (Grant R01NS035145
Optimal Equi-Partition of Rectangular Domains for Parallel Computation

We present an efficient method for the partitioning of rectangular domains into equi-area sub domains of minimum total perimeter. For a variety of applications in parallel computation, this corresponds to a load-balanced distribution of tasks that minimize interprocessor communication. Our method is based on utilizing, to the maximum extent possible, a set of optimal shapes for sub domains. We prove that for a large class of these problems, we can construct solutions whose relative distance from a computable lower bound converges to zero as the problem size tends to infinity. PERIX GA, a genetic algorithm employing this approach, has successfully solved to optimality million variable instances of the perimeter minimization problem and for a  one billion variable problem has generated a solution within 0.32% of the lower bound. We report on the results of an implementation on a CM5 supercomputer and make comparisons with other existing codes
Library research support in Queensland: a survey

University libraries worldwide are reconceptualising the ways in which they support the research agenda in their respective institutions. This paper is based on a survey completed by member libraries of the Queensland University Libraries Office of Cooperation (QULOC), the findings of which may be informative for other university libraries. After briefly examining major emerging trends in research support, the paper discusses the results of the survey, specifically focussing on support for researchers and the research agenda in their institutions. All responding libraries offer a high level of research support, however, eResearch support, in general, and research data management support, in particular, have the highest variance among the libraries, and signal possible areas for growth. Areas for follow-up benchmarking and development are suggested.
Capital inflows to Latin America

Capital inflows are not an unmitigated blessing for the receiving region or country; in fact, they may pose serious dilemmas for economic policy. Large capital inflows are often associated with money and credit expansion, inflationary pressures, a real exchange rate appreciation, and a deterioration in the current account of the
balance of payments. In addition, the history of Latin America provides ample evidence that massive capital inflows may also have strong impacts on the stock market, the real estate market, and the money market-impacts which may well threaten tbe stability of these markets and of the financial system as a whole.
Are women economically more empowered in Left-run municipalities? A study of Self Help Groups in West Bengal, India

Who controls the income earned by Self Help Group (SHG) members from group activities – they, or their husbands? The answer indicates the level of economic empowerment attained by SHG members. This paper examines whether identity of person controlling this income depends upon the political party ruling the municipality where the SHG is situated. Two parties are considered – the Left Front, a coalition comprising of Leftist parties, and the Indian National Congress. This paper is based on a field study of 240 SHG members in six municipalities in West Bengal, a major state in India.
The codetermined firm in a Cournot duopoly: a stability analysis

We study the stability issue in a Cournot duopoly with codetermined firms. We show that when both firms codetermine employment together with decentralised employees’ representatives, a rise in wages acts as an economic de-stabiliser (stabiliser) when the wage is fairly low (high), while under profit maximisation a rise in wages always stabilises the market equilibrium. Moreover, increasing the union’s bargaining power has a de-stabilising effect, except when the wage is low and the firm’s power is already high.
Genomics and physiological approaches for root trait breeding to improve drought tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Terminal drought stress is one of the most serious constraints in chickpea production in the semiarid tropics. Physiological and breeding studies have indicated that roots play an important role in conferring tolerance to drought in chickpea. As a result, root traits such as root depth, root length density, and root biomass are being targeted for understanding their genetics and extent of variation available in the germplasm collection. Efforts are also made for identifying molecular markers associated with different root traits responsible for conferring drought tolerance. In parallel, cDNA libraries are being generated from root tissues of chickpea exposed to drought stress in greenhouse as well as field conditions, and gene discovery experiments are underway. Molecular markers and candidate genes associated with root traits are being targeted to introgress the QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for root traits from drought-tolerant genotypes to drought-sensitive genotypes following marker-assisted breeding strategies. Thus, by combining genomics, physiology, and breeding, the development of drought-tolerant chickpea cultivars with higher yield in the semiarid tropics will be more effective and efficien
A population of highly energetic transient events in the centres of
  active galaxies

Recent all-sky surveys have led to the discovery of new types of transients.
These include stars disrupted by the central supermassive black hole, and
supernovae that are 10-100 times more energetic than typical ones. However, the
nature of even more energetic transients that apparently occur in the innermost
regions of their host galaxies is hotly debated. Here we report the discovery
of the most energetic of these to date: PS1-10adi, with a total radiated energy
of ~ 2.3 x 10^52 erg. The slow evolution of its light curve and persistently
narrow spectral lines over ~3 yr are inconsistent with known types of recurring
black hole variability. The observed properties imply powering by shock
interaction between expanding material and large quantities of surrounding
dense matter. Plausible sources of this expanding material are a star that has
been tidally disrupted by the central black hole, or a supernova. Both could
satisfy the energy budget. For the former, we would be forced to invoke a new
and hitherto unseen variant of a tidally disrupted star, while a supernova
origin relies principally on environmental effects resulting from its nuclear
location. Remarkably, we also discovered that PS1-10adi is not an isolated
case. We therefore surmise that this new population of transients has
previously been overlooked due to incorrect association with underlying central
black hole activity.Comment: Published in Nature Astronomy. 29 pages, 4 figures (main); 11 pages,
  4 tables, 4 figures (supplementary
Efeitos de uma intervenc¸ão psicológica sobre a qualidade de vida de adolescentes obesos em tratamento multidisciplinar

Open Access funded by Sociedade Brasileira de PediatriaObjective: To investigate the effects of multidisciplinary treatment with and without psychological
counseling on obese adolescents’ self-reported quality of life.
Methods: Seventy-six obese adolescents (15.87 ± 1.53 y) were allocated into psychological
counseling group (PCG; n = 36) or control group (CG; n = 40) for 12 weeks. All participants
received the same supervised exercise training, nutritional and clinical counseling. Participants
in PCG also received psychological counseling. QOL was measured before and after 12 weeks
of intervention by Generic Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Quality of Life (SF-36).
Results: The dropout rate was higher in GC (22.5%) when compared with PCG (0.0%) (p < 0.001).
After 12 weeks, participants from PCG presents lower body weight, relative fat mass and higher
free fat mass (p < 0.001 for all) compared to GC. QOL improved among adolescents from both
groups (p < 0.05), however, a better QOL was reported from those adolescents enrolled in PCG. Conclusion: The inclusion of a psychological counseling component in multidisciplinary treatmentfor
adolescent obesity appears to provide benefits observed for improved QOL as compared
with treatment without psychological counseling.Objetivo: Para investigar os efeitos do tratamento multidisciplinar com e sem aconselhamento
psicológico voltado à qualidade de vida de adolescentes obesos.
Métodos: 76 adolescentes obesos (15,87 ± 1,53 ano) foram alocados em um grupo de aconselhamento
psicológico e (GAP; n = 36) ou grupo de controle (GC; n = 40) por 12 semanas. Todos os
participantes receberam o mesmo treinamento físico supervisionado e aconselhamento nutricional
e clínico. Os participantes no GAP também receberam aconselhamento psicológico. A
qualidade de vida foi avaliada antes e depois das 12 semanas de intervenc¸ão por meio de um
Questionário Genérico de Avaliac¸ão da Qualidade de Vida (SF-36).
Resultados: O abandono do tratamento foi maior no GC (22,5%), em comparac¸ão ao GAP (0,0%)
(p < 0,001). Após 12 semanas, os participantes do GAP apresentam menor peso corporal, massa
gorda relativa e maior massa livre de gordura (p < 0,001 para todos) em comparac¸ão ao GC. A
qualidade de vida melhorou entre os adolescentes de ambos os grupos (p < 0,05); contudo, uma
melhor qualidade de vida foi relatada pelos adolescentes incluídos no GAP.
Conclusão: A inclusão de aconselhamento psicológico no tratamento multidisciplinar dos adolescentes
obesos parece proporcionar benefícios observados na melhoria da qualidade de vida,
em comparac¸ão ao tratamento sem aconselhamento psicológico.All phases of this study were supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ). Data collection was performed at the University of Pernambuco.Peer Reviewe
Superhumps linked to X-ray emission. The superoutbursts of SSS
  J122221.7-311525 and GW Lib

[Abridged] We present more than 4 years of Swift X-ray observations of the
2013 superoutburst, subsequent decline and quiescence of the WZ Sge-type dwarf
nova SSS J122221.7-311525 (SSS122222) from 6 days after discovery. Only a
handful of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae have been observed in X-rays, and until
recently GW Lib was the only binary of this type with complete coverage of an
X-ray light curve throughout a superoutburst. We collected extensive X-ray data
of a second such system to understand the extent to which the unexpected
properties of GW Lib are common to the WZ Sge class. We analysed the X-ray
light curve and compared it with the behaviour of superhumps which were
detected in the optical light curve. We also performed spectral analysis of the
data. The results were compared with the properties of GW Lib, for which new
X-ray observations were also obtained. SSS122222 was variable and around five
times brighter in 0.3-10 keV X-rays during the superoutburst than in
quiescence, mainly because of a significant strengthening of a high-energy
component of the X-ray spectrum. The post-outburst decline of the X-ray flux
lasted at least 500 d. The data show no evidence of the expected optically
thick boundary layer in the system during the outburst. SSS122222 also
exhibited a sudden X-ray flux change in the middle of the superoutburst, which
occurred exactly at the time of the superhump stage transition. A similar X-ray
behaviour was also detected in GW Lib. This result demonstrates a relationship
between the outer disc and the white dwarf boundary layer for the first time,
and suggests that models for accretion discs in high mass ratio accreting
binaries are currently incomplete. The very long decline to X-ray quiescence is
also in strong contrast to the expectation of low viscosity in the disc after
outburst.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A (abstract
  abridged). This paper is a sequel to arXiv:1701.0313
Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV in dilepton final states with ATLAS

A measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs (View the MathML sourcett¯) in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−135 pb−1, a View the MathML sourcett¯ production cross section View the MathML sourceσtt¯=177±20(stat.)±14(syst.)±7(lum.) pb is measured for an assumed top quark mass of mt=172.5 GeVmt=172.5 GeV. A second measurement requiring at least one jet identified as coming from a b quark yields a comparable result, demonstrating that the dilepton final states are consistent with being accompanied by b-quark jets. These measurements are in good agreement with Standard Model predictions.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Chern-Simons-matter dualities with SO and USp gauge groups

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we conjecture dualities between SO(N)kChern-Simons theories coupled to Nfreal scalars in the fundamental representation, and SO(k)–N + N f / 2theories coupled to Nfreal (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For Nf= 0 these are just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we clarify. They lead us to propose new gapped boundary states of topological insulators and superconductors. For k = 1 we get an interesting low-energy duality between Nffree Majorana fermions and an SO(N)1 Chern-Simons theory coupled to Nfscalar fields (with Nf≤ N − 2)
Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions.

This is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier Masson via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). CONCLUSION: Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.The workshop ‘Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects
and Strategies’ was organized with funds from the ILSI Europe Nutrition
and Mental Performance Task Force
Search for W W/W Z resonance production in ℓνqq final states in pp collisions at s√=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is conducted for new resonances decaying into a W W or W Z boson pair, where one W boson decays leptonically and the other W or Z boson decays hadronically. It is based on proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. The search is sensitive to diboson resonance production via vector-boson fusion as well as quark-antiquark annihilation and gluon-gluon fusion mechanisms. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the Standard Model backgrounds. Several benchmark models are used to interpret the results. Limits on the production cross section are set for a new narrow scalar resonance, a new heavy vector-boson and a spin-2 Kaluza-Klein graviton
3D Thermal Model of Laser Surface Glazing for H13 Tool Steel

In this work a three dimensional (3D) finite element model of laser surface glazing (LSG) process has been developed. The purpose of the 3D thermal model of LSG was to achieve maximum accuracy towards the predicted outcome for optimizing the process. A cylindrical geometry of 10mm diameter and 1mm length was used in ANSYS 15 software. Temperature distribution, depth of modified zone and cooling rates were analysed from the thermal model. Parametric study was carried out varying the laser power from 200W-300W with constant beam diameter and residence time which were 0.2mm and 0.15ms respectively. The maximum surface temperature 2554°K was obtained for power 300W and minimum surface temperature 1668°K for power 200W. Heating and cooling rates increased with increasing laser power. The depth of the laser modified zone attained for 300W power was 37.5µm and for 200W power was 30µm. No molten zone was observed at 200W power. Maximum surface temperatures obtained from 3D model increased 4% than 2D model presented in author’s previous work. In order to verify simulation results an analytical solution of temperature distribution for laser surface modification was used. The surface temperature after heating was calculated for similar laser parameters which is 1689°K. The difference in maximum surface temperature is around 20.7°K between analytical and numerical analysis of LSG for power 200W
Expanding the Bethe/Gauge dictionary.

We expand the Bethe/Gauge dictionary between the XXX Heisenberg spin chain and 2d   N  = (2, 2) supersymmetric gauge theories to include aspects of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. We construct the wave functions of off-shell Bethe states as orbifold defects in the A-twisted supersymmetric gauge theory and study their correlation functions. We also present an alternative description of off-shell Bethe states as boundary conditions in an effective   N  = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanics. Finally, we interpret spin chain R-matrices as correlation functions of Janus interfaces for mass parameters in the supersymmetric quantum mechanics
Supersymmetric Casimir energy and the anomaly polynomial.

We conjecture that for superconformal field theories in even dimensions, the supersymmetric Casimir energy on a space with topology S 1 × S D−1 is equal to an equivariant integral of the anomaly polynomial. The equivariant integration is defined with respect to the Cartan subalgebra of the global symmetry algebra that commutes with a given supercharge. We test our proposal extensively by computing the supersymmetric Casimir energy for large classes of superconformal field theories, with and without known Lagrangian descriptions, in two, four and six dimensions
Constraints on particle acceleration in SS433/W50 from MAGIC and HESS observations

Spontaneous breaking of Lorentz symmetry at energies on the order of the Planck energy or lower is predicted by many quantum gravity theories, implying non-trivial dispersion relations for the photon in vacuum. Consequently, gamma-rays of different energies, emitted simultaneously from astrophysical sources, could accumulate measurable differences in their time of flight until they reach the Earth. Such tests have been carried out in the past using fast variations of gamma-ray flux from pulsars, and more recently from active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts. We present new constraints studying the gamma-ray emission of the galactic Crab Pulsar, recently observed up to TeV energies by the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) collaboration. A profile likelihood analysis of pulsar events reconstructed for energies above 400 GeV finds no significant variation in arrival time as their energy increases. Ninety-five percent CL limits are obtained on the effective Lorentz invariance violating energy scale at the level of EQG₁ > 5.5 x 10¹⁷ Ge V (4.5 10¹⁷ Ge V) for a linear, and E(QG₂) > 5.9 x 10¹⁰ Ge V (5.3 10¹⁰ Ge V) for a quadratic scenario, for the subluminal and the superluminal cases, respectively. A substantial part of this study is dedicated to calibration of the test statistic, with respect to bias and coverage properties. Moreover, the limits take into account systematic uncertainties, which are found to worsen the statistical limits by about 36%–42%. Our constraints would have been much more stringent if the intrinsic pulse shape of the pulsar between 200 GeV and 400 GeV was understood in sufficient detail and allowed inclusion of events well below 400 GeV