pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Turning eating psychopathology risk factors into action. The pervasive effect of body image-related cognitive fusion

Ferreira, C., Palmeira, L., & Trindade, I. A. (2014). Turning eating psychopathology risk factors into action. The pervasive effect of body image-related cognitive fusion. Appetite, 80(1), 137–142. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.019.Body image dissatisfaction and unfavourable social comparisons are indubitable major risk factors to eating psychopathology. Nevertheless, the impact of these negative experiences depends on the cognitive and emotional processes involved. Previous research has shown that cognitive fusion is a nuclear process linked to psychological inflexibility, but its role on body image and eating difficulties remains unclear. This study aims to explore a model of the mediational role of body image-related cognitive fusion (CF-BI) on the relationship between the main risk factors and eating psychopathology in a sample of 345 female students. Results from path analyses show that the impact of unfavorable social comparisons on eating psychopathology is fully mediated by CF_BI. Moreover, CF-BI also revealed a mediational effect on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and the severity of eating symptoms, in spite of the fact that a direct effect of body dissatisfaction still exists. The tested model accounts for 66% of eating psychopathology severity and highlights the crucial role that cognitive fusion, in the specific domain of body image, plays in the relationship between risk factors and the severity of disordered eating attitudes and behaviours. Furthermore, these findings present empirical support for the relevance of addressing acceptance and cognitive defusion techniques to prevent and treat eating disorders
The Castalia mission to Main Belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro

We describe Castalia, a proposed mission to rendezvous with a Main Belt Comet (MBC), 133P/Elst-Pizarro. MBCs are a recently discovered population of apparently icy bodies within the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which may represent the remnants of the population which supplied the early Earth with water. Castalia will perform the first exploration of this population by characterising 133P in detail, solving the puzzle of the MBC's activity, and making the first in situ measurements of water in the asteroid belt. In many ways a successor to ESA's highly successful Rosetta mission, Castalia will allow direct comparison between very different classes of comet, including measuring critical isotope ratios, plasma and dust properties. It will also feature the first radar system to visit a minor body, mapping the ice in the interior. Castalia was proposed, in slightly different versions, to the ESA M4 and M5 calls within the Cosmic Vision programme. We describe the science motivation for the mission, the measurements required to achieve the scientific goals, and the proposed instrument payload and spacecraft to achieve these.Peer reviewe
Role of charge traps in the performance of atomically thin transistors.

Transient currents in atomically thin MoTe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) are measured during cycles of pulses through the gate electrode. The curves of the transient currents are analyzed in light of a newly proposed model for charge‐trapping dynamics that renders a time‐dependent change in the threshold voltage as the dominant effect on the channel hysteretic behavior over emission currents from the charge traps. The proposed model is expected to be instrumental in understanding the fundamental physics that governs the performance of atomically thin FETs and is applicable to the entire class of atomically thin‐based devices. Hence, the model is vital to the intelligent design of fast and highly efficient optoelectronic devices
Revisiting the non-resonant Higgs pair production at the HL-LHC.

We study the prospects of observing the non-resonant di-Higgs pair production in the Standard Model (SM) at the high luminosity run of the 14 TeV LHC (HL-LHC), upon combining multiple final states chosen on the basis of their yield and cleanliness. In particular, we consider the   bb¯¯γγ, bb¯¯τ+τ−, bb¯¯W W∗, W W∗γγ  and 4W channels mostly focusing on final states with photons and/or leptons and study 11 final states. We employ multivariate analyses to optimise the discrimination between signal and backgrounds and find it performing better than simple cut-based analyses. The various differential distributions for the Higgs pair production have non-trivial dependencies on the Higgs self-coupling (λhhh). We thus explore the implications of varying λhhh for the most sensitive search channel for the double Higgs production, viz.,   bb¯¯γγ . The number of signal events originating from SM di-Higgs production in each final state is small and for this reason measurement of differential distributions may not be possible. In order to extract the Higgs quartic coupling, we have to rely on the total number of events in each final state and these channels can be contaminated by various new physics scenarios. Furthermore, we consider various physics beyond the standard model scenarios to quantify the effects of contamination while trying to measure the SM di-Higgs signals in detail. In particular, we study generic resonant heavy Higgs decays to a pair of SM-like Higgs bosons or to a pair of top quarks, heavy pseudoscalar decaying to an SM-like Higgs and a Z-boson, charged Higgs production in association with a top and a bottom quark and also various well-motivated supersymmetric channels. We set limits on the cross-sections for the aforementioned new physics scenarios, above which these can be seen as excesses over the SM background and affect the measurement of Higgs quartic coupling. We also discuss the correlations among various channels which can be useful to identify the new physics model
A phosphorylation cycle shapes gradients of the DYRK family kinase Pom1 at the plasma membrane.

Concentration gradients regulate many cell biological and developmental processes. In rod-shaped fission yeast cells, polar cortical gradients of the DYRK family kinase Pom1 couple cell length with mitotic commitment by inhibiting a mitotic inducer positioned at midcell. However, how Pom1 gradients are established is unknown. Here, we show that Tea4, which is normally deposited at cell tips by microtubules, is both necessary and, upon ectopic cortical localization, sufficient to recruit Pom1 to the cell cortex. Pom1 then moves laterally at the plasma membrane, which it binds through a basic region exhibiting direct lipid interaction. Pom1 autophosphorylates in this region to lower lipid affinity and promote membrane release. Tea4 triggers Pom1 plasma membrane association by promoting its dephosphorylation through the protein phosphatase 1 Dis2. We propose that local dephosphorylation induces Pom1 membrane association and nucleates a gradient shaped by the opposing actions of lateral diffusion and autophosphorylation-dependent membrane detachment
Representing and learning in science

In this book we argue for an approach to representational work in school science&nbsp;learning and teaching that engages participants, is epistemologically sound, aligns with&nbsp;knowledge-building practices in the discipline, and draws on extensive classroom study.&nbsp;We review in this chapter current research agendas around student representational&nbsp;work in science learning, including the assumptions, rationale and research practices of&nbsp;these agendas. We do this (a) to clarify precisely what we see as the diversity of current&nbsp;mainstream thinking and practices around representational activity, and (b) to articulate&nbsp;what is distinctive about our own contribution, noting the traditions, influences and prior&nbsp;research we draw on. We begin by noting the current dominant role of image generation&nbsp;and analysis in much contemporary science, and its implications for science in schools
Isometry theorem for the Segal-Bargmann transform on noncompact
  symmetric spaces of the complex type

We consider the Segal-Bargmann transform for a noncompact symmetric space of
the complex type. We establish isometry and surjectivity theorems for the
transform, in a form as parallel as possible to the results in the compact
case. The isometry theorem involves integration over a tube of radius R in the
complexification, followed by analytic continuation with respect to R. A
cancellation of singularities allows the relevant integral to have a
nonsingular extension to large R, even though the function being integrated has
singularities.Comment: Final version. To appear in Journal of Functional Analysis. Minor
  revision
Searches for long-lived charged particles in pp collisions at s√ =7 and 8 TeV

Results of searches for heavy stable charged particles produced in pp collisions at s√ = 7 and 8 TeV are presented corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1 and 18.8 fb−1, respectively. Data collected with the CMS detector are used to study the momentum, energy deposition, and time-of-flight of signal candidates. Leptons with an electric charge between e/3 and 8e, as well as bound states that can undergo charge exchange with the detector material, are studied. Analysis results are presented for various combinations of signatures in the inner tracker only, inner tracker and muon detector, and muon detector only. Detector signatures utilized are long time-of-flight to the outer muon system and anomalously high (or low) energy deposition in the inner tracker. The data are consistent with the expected background, and upper limits are set on the production cross section of long-lived gluinos, scalar top quarks, and scalar τ leptons, as well as pair produced long-lived leptons. Corresponding lower mass limits, ranging up to 1322 GeV/c 2 for gluinos, are the most stringent to date
What drives China's current account?

The paper offers an empirical taxonomy of the factors driving China's current account. A simple present-value model with non-tradeable goods explains more than 70 percent of current account variability over the period 1982–2007, including the persistent surpluses since 2001. It also correctly predicts the decline of China's current account since 2008. Expected increases in the prices of non-tradeables (e.g. housing and medical care) and expected declines in net output (GDP less investment and government spending) are the main channels of external adjustment. Much of China's current account surplus seems driven by shocks that have global effects by persistently depressing the world real interest rate. This is consistent with recent theoretical models that suggest that factors related to China's domestic financial development are key in understanding global imbalances
The triple alpha reaction rate and the 2$^+$ resonances in $^{12}$C

The triple alpha rate is obtained from the three-body bound and continuum
states computed in a large box. The results from this genuine full three-body
calculation are compared with standard reference rates obtained by two
sequential two-body processes. The fairly good agreement relies on two
different assumptions about the lowest $2^+$ resonance energy. With the same
$2^+$ energy the rates from the full three-body calculation are smaller than
those of the standard reference. We discuss the rate dependence on the
experimentally unknown $2^+$ energy. Substantial deviations from previous
results appear for temperatures above 3 GK.Comment: To be published in Physics Letters
Boundary element dynamical energy analysis: a versatile method for
  solving two or three dimensional wave problems in the high frequency limit

Dynamical energy analysis was recently introduced as a new method for
determining the distribution of mechanical and acoustic wave energy in complex
built up structures. The technique interpolates between standard statistical
energy analysis and full ray tracing, containing both of these methods as
limiting cases. As such the applicability of the method is wide ranging and
additionally includes the numerical modelling of problems in optics and more
generally of linear wave problems in electromagnetics. In this work we consider
a new approach to the method with enhanced versatility, enabling
three-dimensional problems to be handled in a straightforward manner. The main
challenge is the high dimensionality of the problem: we determine the wave
energy density both as a function of the spatial coordinate and momentum (or
direction) space. The momentum variables are expressed in separable (polar)
coordinates facilitating the use of products of univariate basis expansions.
However this is not the case for the spatial argument and so we propose to make
use of automated mesh generating routines to both localise the approximation,
allowing quadrature costs to be kept moderate, and give versatility in the code
for different geometric configurations.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1009.376
Interaction of proteins in solution from small angle scattering: a
  perturbative approach

In this work, an improved methodology for studying interactions of proteins
in solution by small-angle scattering, is presented. Unlike the most common
approach, where the protein-protein correlation functions $g_{ij}(r)$ are
approximated by their zero-density limit (i.e. the Boltzmann factor), we
propose a more accurate representation of $g_{ij}(r)$ which takes into account
terms up to the first order in the density expansion of the mean-force
potential. This improvement is expected to be particulary effective in the case
of strong protein-protein interactions at intermediate concentrations. The
method is applied to analyse small angle X-ray scattering data obtained as a
function of the ionic strength (from 7 to 507 mM) from acidic solutions of
$\beta $-Lactoglobuline at the fixed concentration of 10 $\rm g L^{-1}$. The
results are compared with those obtained using the zero-density approximation
and show a significant improvement particularly in the more demanding case of
low ionic strength.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Biophysical Journal (April 2002)
  Due to an unfortunate name mismatch, the original submission contained an
  incorrect sourc
Coherence and Decoherence in Tunneling between Quantum Dots

Coupled quantum dots are an example of the ubiquitous quantum double
potential well. In a typical transport experiment, each quantum dot is also
coupled to a continuum of states. Our approach takes this into account by using
a Green's function formalism to solve the full system. The time-dependent
solution is then explored in different limiting cases. In general, a
combination of coherent and incoherent behavior is observed. In the case that
the coupling of each dot to the macroscopic world is equal, however, the time
evolution is purely coherent.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, presented at Pan-American Advanced Studies
  Institute (PASI) 2001: Physics and Technology at the Nanometer Scal
Measurement of the Photon Structure Function at High Q^2 at LEP

The structure functions of real and virtual photons are derived from cross
section measurements of the reaction e^+e^ -> e^+e^- + hadrons at LEP. The
reaction is studied at \sqrt{s} ~ 91 GeV with the L3 detector. One of the final
state electrons is detected at a large angle relative to the beam direction,
leading to Q^2 values between 40 GeV^2 and 500 GeV^2. The other final state
electron is either undetected or it is detected at a four-momentum transfer
squared P^2 between 1 GeV^2 and 8 GeV^2. These measurements are compared with
predictions of the Quark Parton Model and other QCD based models
Observation of Pseudoscalar and Axial Vector Resonances in pi- p -> K+
  K- pi0 n at 18 GeV

A new measurement of the reaction pi- p -> K+ K- pi0 n has been made at a
beam energy of 18 GeV. A partial wave analysis of the K+ K- pi0 system shows
evidence for three pseudoscalar resonances, eta(1295), eta(1416), and
eta(1485), as well as two axial vectors, f1(1285), and f1(1420). Their observed
masses, widths and decay properties are reported. No signal was observed for
C(1480), an IG J{PC} = 1+ 1{--} state previously reported in phi pi0 decay.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figs, to be submitted to Phys. Let
On the universality of cross sections of hadron-hadron(nuclei)
  collisions at superhigh energies

We analyze the pattern of the onset of complete absorption (the black limit)
in the high energy hadron-hadron collisions. The black limit arises due to the
hard and soft interaction dynamics as a function of the impact parameters b.
Both hard and soft mechanisms provide universal dependence of the partial
amplitude of the high energy elastic hadron- hadron scattering on the impact
parameter ${\bf b}$ and result in the radius of interaction proportional to
$\ln (s/s_0)$. We find that with increase of the collision energies hard
interactions lead to a faster increase of the impact parameter range where the
partial wave amplitudes are approaching the unitarity limit. Consequently, we
argue that at super high energies whenthe radius of hadronic interactions
significantly exceeds static radii of the interacting hadrons(nuclei) the ratio
of total cross sections of nucleon-nucleon, meson-nucleon, hadron-nucleus,
nucleus-nucleus collisions becomes equal to one. The same universality is also
expected for the structure functions of nuclei: $F_{2 A}(x,Q^2)/F_{2 N}(x,Q^2)>
\to 1$, at very small $x$, and for the ratio $>\sigma_{gamma
A}/>\sigma_{>\gamma p}\to 1$ at superhigh energies. We analyze how accounting
for the energy dependence of the interaction radii changes the geometry of
hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions, the energy dependence of total,
absorption and inelastic cross sections, the distribution over the number of
wounded nucleons in proton-nucleus collisions and find that these effects are
noticeable already for the LHC energies and even more so close to the
Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
Dyson-Schwinger study of chiral density waves in QCD

The formation of inhomogeneous chiral condensates in QCD matter at nonzero
density and temperature is investigated for the first time with Dyson-Schwinger
equations. We consider two massless quark flavors in a so-called chiral density
wave, where scalar and pseudoscalar quark condensates vary sinusoidally along
one spatial dimension. We find that the inhomogeneous region covers the major
part of the spinodal region of the first-order phase transition which is
present when the analysis is restricted to homogeneous phases. The triple point
where the inhomogeneous phase meets the homogeneous phases with broken and
restored chiral symmetry, respectively, coincides, within numerical accuracy,
with the critical point of the homogeneous calculation. At zero temperature,
the inhomogeneous phase seems to extend to arbitrarily high chemical
potentials, as long as pairing effects are not taken into account.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: few minor modifications, matches published
  versio
High resolution simulations of the reionization of an isolated Milky Way
  - M31 galaxy pair

We present the results of a set of numerical simulations aimed at studying
reionization at galactic scale. We use a high resolution simulation of the
formation of the Milky Way-M31 system to simulate the reionization of the local
group. The reionization calculation was performed with the post-processing
radiative transfer code ATON and the underlying cosmological simulation was
performed as part of the CLUES project. We vary the source models to bracket
the range of source properties used in the literature. We investigate the
structure and propagation of the galatic ionization fronts by a visual
examination of our reionization maps. Within the progenitors we find that
reionization is patchy, and proceeds locally inside out. The process becomes
patchier with decreasing source photon output. It is generally dominated by one
major HII region and 1-4 additional isolated smaller bubbles, which eventually
overlap. Higher emissivity results in faster and earlier local reionization. In
all models, the reionization of the Milky Way and M31 are similar in duration,
i.e. between 203 Myr and 22 Myr depending on the source model, placing their
zreion between 8.4 and 13.7. In all models except the most extreme, the MW and
M31 progenitors reionize internally, ignoring each other, despite being
relatively close to each other even during the epoch of reionization. Only in
the case of strong supernova feedback suppressing star formation in haloes less
massive than 10^9 M_sun, and using our highest emissivity, we find that the MW
is reionized by M31.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Si isotope homogeneity of the solar nebula

The presence or absence of variations in the mass-independent abundances of
Si isotopes in bulk meteorites provides important clues concerning the
evolution of the early solar system. No Si isotopic anomalies have been found
within the level of analytical precision of 15 ppm in 29Si/28Si across a wide
range of inner solar system materials, including terrestrial basalts,
chondrites, and achondrites. A possible exception is the angrites, which may
exhibit small excesses of 29Si. However, the general absence of anomalies
suggests that primitive meteorites and differentiated planetesimals formed in a
reservoir that was isotopically homogenous with respect to Si. Furthermore, the
lack of resolvable anomalies in the Calcium-Aluminum-rich Inclusion measured
here suggests that any nucleosynthetic anomalies in Si isotopes were erased
through mixing in the solar nebula prior to the formation of refractory solids.
The homogeneity exhibited by Si isotopes may have implications for the
distribution of Mg isotopes in the solar nebula. Based on supernova
nucleosynthetic yield calculations, the expected magnitude of heavy-isotope
overabundance is larger for Si than for Mg, suggesting that any potential Mg
heterogeneity, if present, exists below the 15 ppm level
$AdS_3/CFT_2$, finite-gap equations and massless modes

It is known that string theory on $AdS_3\times M_7$ backgrounds preserving 16
supercharges is classically integrable. This integrability has been previously
used to write down a set of integral equations, known as the finite-gap
equations. These equations can be solved for the closed string spectrum of the
theory. However, it has been known for some time that the $AdS_3\times M_7$
finite-gap equations do not capture the dynamics of the massless modes of the
closed string theory. In this paper we re-examine the derivation of the
$AdS_3\times M_7$ finite-gap system. We find that the conditions that had
previously been imposed on these integral equations in order to implement the
Virasoro constraints are too strict, and are in fact not required. We identify
the correct implementation of the Virasoro constraints on finite-gap equations
and show that this new, less restrictive condition captures the complete closed
string spectrum on $AdS_3\times M_7$.Comment: 38 pages, no figure