pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An analysis method for time ordered data processing of dark matter experiments

Astronomy and Astrophysics 453 (2006) 761-768International audienceThe analysis of the time ordered data of Dark Matter experiments is becoming more and more challenging with the increase of sensitivity in the ongoing and forthcoming projects. Combined with the well-known level of background events, this leads to a rather high level of pile-up in the data. Ionization, scintillation as well as bolometric signals present common features in their acquisition timeline: low frequency baselines, random gaussian noise, parasitic noise and signal characterized by well-defined peaks. In particular, in the case of long-lasting signals such as bolometric ones, the pile-up of events may lead to an inaccurate reconstruction of the physical signal (misidentification as well as fake events). We present a general method to detect and extract signals in noisy data with a high pile-up rate and qe show that events from few keV to hundreds of keV can be reconstructed in time ordered data presenting a high pile-up rate. This method is based on an iterative detection and fitting procedure combined with prior wavelet-based denoising of the data and baseline subtraction. We have tested this method on simulated data of the MACHe3 prototype experiment and shown that the iterative fitting procedure allows us to recover the lowest energy events, of the order of a few keV, in the presence of background signals from a few to hundreds of keV. Finally we applied this method to the recent MACHe3 data to successfully measure the spectrum of conversion electrons from Co57 source and also the spectrum of the background cosmic muons
General up to next-nearest neighbour elasticity of triangular lattices in three dimensions

We establish the most general form of the discrete elasticity of a 2D triangular lattice embedded in three dimensions, taking into account up to next-nearest neighbour interactions. Besides crystalline system, this is relevant to biological physics (e.g., red blood cell cytoskeleton) and soft matter (e.g., percolating gels, etc.). In order to correctly impose the rotational invariance of the bulk terms, it turns out to be necessary to take into account explicitly the elasticity associated with the vertices located at the edges of the lattice. We find that some terms that were suspected in the litterature to violate rotational symmetry are in fact admissibl
Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory Short Form Among Divorced Adults

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Short Form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory
(PTGI-SF). Using an online convenience sample of Portuguese divorced adults (N = 482), we confirmed the oblique five-factor structure
of the PTGI-SF by confirmatory factor analysis. The results demonstrated the measurement invariance across divorce initiator status
groups. Total score and factors of PTGI-SF showed good internal consistency, with the exception of the New Possibilities factor, which
revealed an acceptable reliability. The Portuguese PTGI-SF showed a satisfactory convergent validity. In terms of discriminant validity,
posttraumatic growth assessed by the Portuguese PTGI-SF was a distinct factor from posttraumatic psychological adjustment. These
preliminary findings suggest the cultural adaptation and also psychometric properties of the present Portuguese PTGI-SF to measure
posttraumatic growth after personal crisis
Model-Based Verification, Optimization, Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Real-Time Systems

International audienceThis article aims at providing a concise and precise Travellers Guide, Phrase Book or Reference Manual to the timed automata modeling formalism introduced by Alur and Dill [8,9]. The paper gives comprehensive definitions of timed automata, priced (or weighted) timed automata, and timed games and highlights a number of results on associated decision problems related to model checking, equivalence checking, optimal scheduling, the existence of winning strategies, and then statistical model checking
Currents recorded through small areas of squid axon membrane with an internal virtual ground voltage clamp

A new voltage-clamp apparatus for the squid axon has been implemented to enable recording of currents through small areas of axon membrane. The performance of this clamp was tested by recording total sodium currents from perfused axons (I total) and sodium currents from small membrane patches (I patch), which were recorded from inside the axon with an L-shaped pipette. The I patch records, although four orders of magnitude smaller than 1tot, were stable and showed normal kinetics and voltage dependence, and appeared to reflect the activation of a small population of normal sodium channels. The size of the current recorded from the patch was mainly a function of the tip diameter of the L-shaped pipette and of the shunt resistance between inside the pipette and the axoplasm
The cost of multiple sclerosis in Norway

Health economic aspects have been increasingly
important during introduction of new treatments for
multiple sclerosis. As a partial response for Norway, a costof-
illness study was carried out to estimate the yearly cost
of the illness to society and relate costs and patients’
quality of life to illness severity. Estimated cost to society
was Euro 439 million in 2002 exclusive of the cost of
reduced quality of life. The cost per patient was close to
Euro 65,000. Account taken of methodological differences,
the results compare to results for Sweden, Norway’s closest
neighboring country. The illness reduced patients’ quality
of life with 0.26. More patients were early retired because
of their MS in Norway than in any of nine other European
countries comprised by a recent European study, illustrating
a liberal practice in Norway. The Norwegian cost of
unpaid assistance was almost identical to the Swedish cost
that was the lowest found across the countries in the
European study. When related to illness severity, the cost
per patient increased, and the patients’ experienced quality
of life decreased with increasing EDSS levels in line with
what has been found for other countries. Cost-of-MS
studies have been carried out for a number of countries.
Together they contribute to our understanding of the economic
consequences of multiple sclerosis and, if their
results are related to illness severity, also provide valuable
information for further economic analyses of treatment and
medication. Our study adds to this
Using Cluster Dynamics to Model Electrical Resistivity Measurements in Precipitating Al-Sc Alloys

Electrical resistivity evolution during precipitation in Al-Sc alloys is modeled using cluster dynamics. This mesoscopic modeling has already been shown to correctly predict the time evolution of the precipitate size distribution. In this work, we show that it leads too to resistivity predictions in quantitative agreement with experimental data. We only assume that all clusters contribute to the resistivity and that each cluster contribution is proportional to its area. One interesting result is that the resistivity excess observed during coarsening mainly arises from large clusters and not really from the solid solution. As a consequence, one cannot assume that resistivity asymptotic behavior obeys a simple power law as predicted by LSW theory for the solid solution supersaturation. This forbids any derivation of the precipitate interface free energy or of the solute diffusion coefficient from resistivity experimental data in a phase-separating system like Al-Sc supersaturated alloys
Gravity waves generated by deep tropical convection: Estimates from balloon observations and mesoscale simulations

International audienceConvective gravity waves in the Tropics are studied by analyzing in situ measurements from long-duration stratospheric balloons launched during the PreConcordiasi campaign (2010) and mesoscale simulations. An improved temporal resolution of the observations as well as the balloon quasi-Lagrangian behavior allow an unprecedented investigation of the whole gravity wave spectrum. First, a case study of gravity waves generated by a developing cyclone, Tropical Storm Gelane (February 2010), is carried out using observations complemented by numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecast model, with a resolution down to 1 km. Distributions of momentum fluxes obtained from both data show reasonable agreement and emphasize waves with short wavelengths (&lt;15 km) and short periods (&lt;20 min). Still, some differences are also found, which can likely be related to errors of the modeled background flow. Second, observations from the whole PreConcordiasi flights are analyzed with an emphasis on gravity wave momentum fluxes. Their phase speed distribution has a robust shape, with maximum fluxes with near-zero ground-based phase speeds. Yet, significant momentum fluxes are also found for larger values, yielding a mean phase speed of about 27 ms-1. The momentum fluxes are concentrated in short episodes with intense values, and their intermittency is quantified using probability distribution functions and the Gini coefficient (0.5-0.6). The relative importance of convective and topographic sources are investigated, suggesting comparable intensities, but a greater occurrence frequency of convective events. Waves emitted by Tropical Storm Gelane do not stand out relative to other convective events. Key Points The whole gravity-wave spectrum is studiedin simulations and balloon data.Most momentum fluxes come from short-wavelength, short-period waves.Intermittency is quantified, a robust phase-speed distribution is found. ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved
A description of internal erosion by suffusion and induced settlements on cohesionless granular matter

International audienceCohesionless granular matter subjected to internal flow can incur an internal erosion by suffusion characterized by a migration of its finest constituting particles. A series of suffusion tests is performed on assemblies of gap graded glass beads using a large oedo-permeameter device. Two successive processes of erosion can be observed during the tests. First, a suffusion process is characterized by a progressive and diffuse migration of fine particles over a long time period. The second process, induced by the first one, is characterized by a strong migration over a short time period (blowout of fine particles) and produces rapidly large settlement of specimen. Time series of hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal profile of specimen density, eroded mass and axial deformation are analyzed. The initial content of fine particles and the history of hydraulic loading appear as key parameters in the suffusion development. To characterize the suffusion development, erosion rate is investigated according to the power expended by the seepage flow, and a new law of erosion by suffusion is proposed
In Situ Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Detection of Metal Dissolution during Zinc Corrosion by Means of Mercury Sphere-CapMicroelectrode Tips

This work presents a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)-based in situ corrosion probing methodology that is capable of monitoring the release of zinc species in corrosion processes. It is based on the use of Hg-coated Pt microelectrodes as SECM tips, which offer a wider negative potential range than bare platinum or other noble-metal tips. This allows for the reduction of zinc ions at the tip to be investigated with low interference from hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction from aqueous solutions. The processes involved in the corrosion of zinc during its immersion in chloride-containing solutions were successfully monitored by scanning the SECM tip, set at an adequate potential, across the sample either in one direction or in the X–Y plane parallel to its surface. In this way, it was possible to detect the anodic and cathodic sites at which the dissolution of zinc and the reduction of oxygen occurred, respectively. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) or constant potential measurements were used to monitor the release of zinc species collected at the tip during an SECM scan
X-band 1H-DNP experiments and high power sub-THz wave irradiation effect on BDPA-doped toluene solution

To investigate the experimental technique and the high magnetic field effect in the dynamical
nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, the X-band 1H-DNP and the high power sub-THz wave
irradiation experiments have been performed on bis-diphenylene-phenyl-allyl (BDPA)-doped
toluene solution at room temperature. We have established the sample-shuttle X-band DNP
experimental system, and investigated the external magnetic field, the microwave power and 1H-T_1
^-1
dependences of Overhauser enhancement factor (e). A maximal signal enhancement of
approximately –19 has been observed. As for the sub-THz wave experiments, we have constructed
the NMR and ESR measurement system for the experiments under the magnetic field of ~10.7 T,
with a high power light source gyrotron CW-I (TE_<22,8> mode, f~299.23 GHz). When the high power
sub-THz wave of a gyrotron was irradiated on the toluene solution in order to confirm the evidence
of DNP, the sample has evaporated due to the electromagnetic (EM) wave heating
Work-related allergy in medical doctors: atopy, exposure to domestic
animals, eczema induced by common chemicals and membership of the
surgical profession as potential risk factors.

Purpose To investigate the risk factors associated with
work-related allergy-like symptoms in medical doctors.
Methods Self-administered questionnaire survey and CAP
test were conducted among medical school students in the
4th grade of their 6-year medical course in 1993–1996 and
1999–2001. Follow-up questionnaires were sent in 2004 to
the graduates. These questionnaires enquired into personal
and family history of allergic diseases, lifestyle, history of
allergy-like symptoms including work-relatedness and
occupational history as medical doctors. Relationships
between allergy-like symptoms and relevant factors were
evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results Of 261 respondents at the follow-up survey, 139
(53.3%) and 54 (20.7%) had a history of any allergy-like
symptoms and any work-related allergy-like symptoms,
respectively. Female gender and family history of allergic
diseases were signiWcantly associated with any allergy-like
symptoms. Personal history of allergic disease, exposure
to domestic animals, eczema caused by rubber gloves,
metallic accessories, or cosmetics during schooling days,
and membership of the surgical profession were signiW-
cant risk factors for work-related allergy-like symptoms.
On the contrary, to work-related allergy-like symptoms,
gender, age, and smoking status were not signiWcantly
related, and consumption of prepared foods was inversely
related.
Conclusions Personal history of atopy and eczema
induced by common goods and the history of keeping
domestic animals may be predictors of work-related
allergy-like symptoms in doctors. After graduation from
medical school, physicians start with exposure to various
allergens and irritants at work, which relate to work-related
allergy-like symptoms, especially for surgeons
The effect of mechanical pre-processing and different drying methodologies on bioethanol production using the brown macroalgae Laminaria digitata ((Hudson) JV Lamouroux)

Macroalgae are capable of generating more organic carbon per hectare than terrestrial plants without requiring land, fertiliser or fresh water to grow. In addition, they avoid the food versus fuel argument as they are not a major food source in Europe. In spite of these benefits, macroalgae are not yet fully exploited as a biomass source for bioenergy or platform chemical production in Europe, with one issue being the high harvesting and processing costs. This paper considers the impact of mechanical pre-processing of Laminaria digitata combined with different drying techniques and the effect of these on downstream processing to bioethanol. Results show that mechanically screw pressing macroalgae does enhance conversion to ethanol, but only when the material contains low levels of storage carbohydrates. This occurs in freeze-dried and air-dried samples. The addition of a press aid in the mechanical pre-processing step increases ethanol yields per gramme macroalgae, but due to the presence of the unutilised press aid in the fermentation, ethanol yields were lower overall. The two main findings from this work were (1) simple mechanical processing of L. digitata provides homogenisation and pumpability of macroalgae without negatively affecting subsequent microbial conversion to ethanol. (2) At higher carbohydrate concentrations, screw pressing confers no advantage in ethanol yields over strips of unprocessed kelp, making strips the more viable conversion option for low-input, large-scale processingpublishersversionPeer reviewe
Applying subclustering and Lp distance in Weighted K-Means with distributed centroids

We consider the weighted K-Means algorithm with distributed centroids aimed at clustering data sets with numerical, categorical and mixed types of data. Our approach allows given features (i.e., variables) to have different weights at different clusters. Thus, it supports the intuitive idea that features may have different degrees of relevance at different clusters. We use the Minkowski metric in a way that feature weights become feature re-scaling factors for any\ud
considered exponent. Moreover, the traditional Silhouette clustering validity index was adapted to deal with both numerical and categorical types of features. Finally, we show that our new method usually outperforms traditional K-Means as well as the recently proposed WK-DC clustering algorithm
Electrodispersion of a liquid of finite elcetrical conductivity in an immiscible dielectric liquid

Order-of-magnitude estimates and numerical computations are used to analyze an electrospray operating in the cone-jet mode in a bath of an immiscible dielectric liquid. In agreement with experimental results in the literature, the analysis predicts that the electric current carried by the jet increases as the square root of the flow rate of dispersed liquid in a wide range of conditions of the flow. The characteristics of the current transfer region determining the electric current are estimated taking into account the viscous drag of the dielectric liquid that surrounds the jet. The electric current is predicted to depart from the square root law for small flow rates, when charge relaxation effects become important in the current transfer region, and also when the flow rate increases to values of the order of QM = ϵ0γ2a/μ22K, where ϵ0 and μ2 are the permittivity and viscosity of the dielectric liquid, K is the electrical conductivity of the dispersed liquid, a is the radius of the capillary needle through which this liquid is injected, and γ is the interfacial tension of the liquid pair. When the flow rate becomes of order QM, the meniscus at the tip of the capillary ceases to resemble a Taylor cone, the current transfer region ceases to be short compared to the size of the meniscus, the electric current levels to a constant value, and the stationary jet cannot extend very far downstream of the meniscus
Elastoplastic deformation of bodies interacting through contact under the action of pulsed electromagnetic field

A formulation is presented for the problem of elastoplastic deformation of the system of electrically conductive bodies under the action of pulsed electromagnetic field. The numerical technique for solving the problem is based on the finite element method. Deformation of bodies interacting through contact during the pulsed magnetic treatment of materials is analyzed. The influence of the manufacturing and design parameters of the inductor–workpiece system on its stress-strain state is investigated
Simple measurement of gluconeogenesis by direct 2H NMR analysis of menthol glucuronide enrichment from 2H2O

The contribution of gluconeogenesis to fasting glucose production was determined by a simple measurement of urinary menthol glucuronide (MG) 2H enrichment from 2H2O. Following ingestion of 2H2O (0.5% body water) during an overnight fast and a pharmacological dose (400 mg) of a commercial peppermint oil preparation the next morning, 364 mumol MG was quantitatively recovered from a 2-h urine collection by ether extraction and a 125 mumol portion was directly analyzed by 2H NMR. The glucuronide 2H-signals were fully resolved and their relative intensities matched those of the monoacetone glucose derivative. The pharmacokinetics and yields of urinary MG after ingestion of 400 mg peppermint oil as either gelatin or enteric-coated capsules 1 h before breakfast were quantified in five healthy subjects. Gelatin capsules yielded 197 ± 81 mumol of MG from the initial 2-h urine collection while enteric-coated capsules gave 238 ± 84 mumol MG from the 2- to 4-h urine collection. Magn Reson Med 54:429-434, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.2056
High-temperature multiferroicity and strong magnetocrystalline
  anisotropy in 3d-5d double perovskites

Using density functional calculations we explore the properties of
as-yet-unsynthesized $3d - 5d$ ordered double perovskites ($A_2BB'$O$_6$) with
highly polarizable Bi$^{3+}$ ions on the $A$ site. We find that the
Bi$_2$NiReO$_6$ and Bi$_2$MnReO$_6$ compounds are insulating and exhibit a
robust net magnetization that persists above room temperature. When the
in-plane lattice vectors of the pseudocubic unit cell are constrained to be
orthogonal (for example, by coherent heteroepitaxy), the ground states are
ferroelectric with large polarization and a very large uniaxial
magnetocrystalline anisotropy with easy axis along the ferroelectric
polarization direction. Our results suggest a route to multiferroism and
electrically controlled magnetization orientation at room temperature
Detection of the primary scintillation light from dense Ar, Kr and Xe with novel photosensitive gaseous detectors

The detection of primary scintillation light in combination with the charge or secondary scintillation signals is an efficient technique to determine the events t=0 as well as particle / photon separation in large mass TPC detectors filled with noble gases and/or condensed noble gases. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that costly photo-multipliers could be replaced by cheap novel photosensitive gaseous detectors: wire counters, GEMs or glass capillary tubes coupled with CsI photocathodes. We have performed systematic measurements with Ar, Kr and Xe gas at pressures in the range of 1-50 atm as well as some preliminary measurements with liquid Xe and liquid Ar. With the gaseous detectors we succeeded in detecting scintillation light produced by 22 keV X-rays with an efficiency of close to 100%. We also detected the scintillation light produced by bs (5 keV deposit energy) with an efficiency close to 25%. Successful detection of scintillation from 22 keV gammas open new experimental possibilities not only for nTOF and ICARUS experiments, but also in others, like WIMPs search through nuclear recoil emission
Ginsparg-Wilson Relation and Lattice Chiral Symmetry in Fermionic Interacting Theories

We derive Ginsparg-Wilson relation for a lattice chiral symmetry in theories with self-interacting fermions. Auxiliary scalar and pseudo-scalar fields are introduced on a coarse lattice to give an effective description of the fermionic interactions. We obtain particular solutions to the Ginsparg-Wilson relation and other Ward-Takahashi identities in a closed form. These non-perturbative solutions can be used to construct a chiral invariant action and an invariant path-integral measure on the coarse lattice. The resulting partition function exhibits the exact chiral symmetry in the fermionic system with the auxiliary fields