pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of forward $W$ and $Z$ boson production in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

The production of $W$ and $Z$ bosons in association with jets is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 fb$^{-1}$. The $W$ boson is identified using its decay to a muon and a neutrino, while the $Z$ boson is identified through its decay to a muon pair. Total cross-sections are measured and combined into charge ratios, asymmetries, and ratios of $W+$jet and $Z$+jet production cross-sections. Differential measurements are also performed as a function of both boson and jet kinematic variables. All results are in agreement with Standard Model predictions
Search for W′ → tb in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

A search is performed for the production of a massive W′ boson decaying to a top and a bottom quark. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at$\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. The hadronic decay products of the top quark with high Lorentz boost from the W′ boson decay are detected as a single top flavoured jet. The use of jet substructure algorithms allows the top quark jet to be distinguished from standard model QCD background. Limits on the production cross section of a right-handed W′ boson are obtained, together with constraints on the left-handed and right-handed couplings of the W′ boson to quarks. The production of a right-handed W′ boson with a mass below 2.02 TeV decaying to a hadronic final state is excluded at 95% confidence level. This mass limit increases to 2.15 TeV when both hadronic and leptonic decays are considered, and is the most stringent lower mass limit to date in the tb decay mode
Search for the production of an excited botto√m quark decaying to tW in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

A search is presented for a singly produced excited bottom quark (b∗) decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the all-hadronic, lepton+jets, and dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{−1}$ are used. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to standard model expectations. We set limits at 95% confidence on the product of the b∗ quark production cross section and its branching fraction to tW. The cross section limits are interpreted for scenarios including left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like couplings of the b∗ quark and are presented in the two-dimensional coupling plane based on the production and decay coupling constants. The masses of the left-handed, right-handed, and vector- like b∗ quark states are excluded at 95% confidence below 1390, 1430, and 1530 GeV, respectively, for benchmark couplings. This analysis gives the most stringent limits on the mass of the b∗ quark to date
Responding to global challenges in food, energy, environment and water: risks and options assessment for decision-making (ROAD)

We analyse the threats of global environmental change, as they relate to food security. First, we review three discourses: (i) ‘sustainable intensification’, or the increase of food supplies without compromising food producing inputs, such as soils and water; (ii) the ‘nexus’ that seeks to understand links across food, energy, environment and water systems; and (iii) ‘resilience thinking’ that focuses on how to ensure the critical capacities of food, energy and water systems are maintained in the presence of uncertainties and threats. Second, we build on these discourses to present the causal, risks and options assessment for decision-making process to improve decision-making in the presence of risks. The process provides a structured, but flexible, approach that moves from problem diagnosis to better risk-based decision-making and outcomes by responding to causal risks within and across food, energy, environment and water systems.R. Quentin Grafton, Mahala McLindin, Karen Hussey, Paul Wyrwoll, Dennis Wichelns, Claudia Ringler, Dustin Garrick, Jamie Pittock, Sarah Wheeler, Stuart Orr, Nathanial Matthews, Erik Ansink, Alice Aureli, Daniel Connell, Lucia De Stefano, Kate Dowsley, Stefano Farolfi, Jim Hall, Pamela Katic, Bruce Lankford, Hannah Leckie, Matthew McCartney, Huw Pohlner, Nazmun Ratna, Mark Henry Rubarenzya, Shriman Narayan Sai Raman, Kevin Wheeler, John William
Isometries, gaugings and N = 2 supergravity decoupling

We study off-shell rigid limits for the kinetic and scalar-potential terms of a single N = 2 hypermultiplet. In the kinetic term, these rigid limits establish relations between four-dimensional quaternion-Kähler and hyper-Kähler target spaces with symmetry. The scalar potential is obtained by gauging the graviphoton along an isometry of the quaternion-Kähler space. The rigid limits unveil two distinct cases. A rigid N = 2 theory on Minkowski or on AdS4 spacetime, depending on whether the isometry is translational or rotational respectively. We apply these results to the quaternion-Kähler space with Heisenberg ⋉ U(1) isometry, which describes the universal hypermultiplet at type-II string one-loop
TRAIL delivered by mesenchymal stromal/stem cells counteracts tumor development in orthotopic Ewing sarcoma models

Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most frequent pediatric malignant bone tumor. EWS patients have not seen any major therapeutic progress in the last 30 years, in particular in the case of metastatic disease, which requires new therapeutic strategies. The pro-apoptotic cytokine TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) can selectively kill tumor cells while sparing normal cells, making it a promising therapeutic tool in several types of cancer. However, certain EWS cell lines appear resistant to recombinant human (rh) TRAIL-induced apoptosis. We therefore hypothesized that a TRAIL presentation at the surface of the carrier cells might overcome this resistance and trigger apoptosis. For this purpose, human adipose mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) transfected in a stable manner to express full-length human TRAIL were co-cultured with several human EWS cell lines, inducing apoptosis by cell-to-cell contact even in cell lines initially resistant to rhTRAIL or AMG655, an antibody agonist to the death receptor, DR5. In vivo, TRAIL delivered by MSCs was able to counteract tumor progression in two orthotopic models of Ewing sarcoma, associated with caspase activation, indicating that a cell-based delivery of a potent apoptosis-inducing factor could be relevant in EWS
Diversity and extracellular enzyme activities of fungal endophytes isolated from medicinal plants of Western Ghats, Karnataka

AbstractA total of 112 endophytic fungi belonging to 26 genera were isolated from six wild medicinal plants belonging to Bisle region, Western Ghats of Karnataka, among which Hedychium flavescens Carey ex Roscoe and Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig are listed as endangered plants in the Red data book. The endophytic fungal diversity and extracellular enzyme activity from the endangered plants are reported for the first time. The diversity of the fungal isolates was analyzed using Simpson's diversity indices, Shannon–Weiner index and Evenness. The fungal isolates were screened for the production of extracellular enzymes, of which 29% were positive for amylase, 28% for cellulase, 18% for pectinase and 40% for asparaginase activity. None of the endophytic isolates depicted laccase activity
Ligand autoradiographical quantification of histamine H3 receptor in human dementia with Lewy bodies

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a serious age-dependent human neurodegenerative disease, with multiple debilitating symptoms, including dementia, psychosis and significant motor deficits, but with little or no effective treatments. This comparative ligand autoradiographical study has quantified histamine H3 receptors (H3R) in a series of major cortical and basal ganglia structures in human DLB and Alzheimer’s (AD) post-mortem cases using the highly selective radioligand, [3H] GSK189254.In the main, the levels of H3 receptor were largely preserved in DLB cases when compared with aged-matched controls. However, we provide new evidence showing variable levels in the globus pallidus, and, moreover, raised levels of Pallidum H3 correlated with positive psychotic symptoms, in particular delusions and visual hallucinations, but not symptoms associated with depression. Furthermore, no correlation was detected for H3 receptor levels to MMSE or IUPRS symptom severity.This study suggests that H3R antagonists have scope for treating the psychotic symptomologies in DLB and other human brain disorders
Mapping cardiac microstructure of rabbit heart in different mechanical states by high resolution diffusion tensor imaging: A proof-of-principle study

AbstractMyocardial microstructure and its macroscopic materialisation are fundamental to the function of the heart. Despite this importance, characterisation of cellular features at the organ level remains challenging, and a unifying description of the structure of the heart is still outstanding. Here, we optimised diffusion tensor imaging data to acquire high quality data in ex vivo rabbit hearts in slack and contractured states, approximating diastolic and systolic conditions. The data were analysed with a suite of methods that focused on different aspects of the myocardium. In the slack heart, we observed a similar transmural gradient in helix angle of the primary eigenvector of up to 23.6°/mm in the left ventricle and 24.2°/mm in the right ventricle. In the contractured heart, the same transmural gradient remained largely linear, but was offset by up to +49.9° in the left ventricle. In the right ventricle, there was an increase in the transmural gradient to 31.2°/mm and an offset of up to +39.0°. The application of tractography based on each eigenvector enabled visualisation of streamlines that depict cardiomyocyte and sheetlet organisation over large distances. We observed multiple V- and N-shaped sheetlet arrangements throughout the myocardium, and insertion of sheetlets at the intersection of the left and right ventricle. This study integrates several complementary techniques to visualise and quantify the heart’s microstructure, projecting parameter representations across different length scales. This represents a step towards a more comprehensive characterisation of myocardial microstructure at the whole organ level
Tunnelling amplitudes from perturbation expansions

AbstractWe present a method for extracting tunnelling amplitudes from perturbation expansions which are always divergent and not Borel-summable. We show that they can be evaluated by an analytic continuation of variational perturbation theory. The power of the method is illustrated by calculating the imaginary parts of the partition function of the anharmonic oscillator in zero spacetime dimensions and of the ground state energy of the anharmonic oscillator for all negative values of the coupling constant g and show that they are in excellent agreement with the exactly known values. As a highlight of the theory we recover from the divergent perturbation expansion of the tunnelling amplitude the action of the instanton and the effects of higher loop fluctuations around it
Search for heavy lepton partners of neutrinos in proton–proton collisions in the context of the type III seesaw mechanism

AbstractA search is presented in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV for fermionic triplet states expected in type III seesaw models. The search is performed using final states with three isolated charged leptons and an imbalance in transverse momentum. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1. No excess of events is observed above the background predicted by the standard model, and the results are interpreted in terms of limits on production cross sections and masses of the heavy partners of the neutrinos in type III seesaw models. Depending on the considered scenarios, lower limits are obtained on the mass of the heavy partner of the neutrino that range from 180 to 210 GeV. These are the first limits on the production of type III seesaw fermionic triplet states reported by an experiment at the LHC
Measurement of the tt¯ production cross section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with lepton+jets final states

AbstractA measurement of the tt¯ production cross section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV is presented. The results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1 collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. Selected events are required to have one isolated, high transverse momentum electron or muon, large missing transverse energy, and hadronic jets, at least one of which must be consistent with having originated from a b quark. The measured cross section is 158.1±2.1(stat.)±10.2(syst.)±3.5(lum.) pb, in agreement with standard model predictions
Functional importance of cardiac enhancer-associated noncoding RNAs in heart development and disease

AbstractThe key information processing units within gene regulatory networks are enhancers. Enhancer activity is associated with the production of tissue-specific noncoding RNAs, yet the existence of such transcripts during cardiac development has not been established. Using an integrated genomic approach, we demonstrate that fetal cardiac enhancers generate long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis. Enhancer expression correlates with the emergence of active enhancer chromatin states, the initiation of RNA polymerase II at enhancer loci and expression of target genes. Orthologous human sequences are also transcribed in fetal human hearts and cardiac progenitor cells. Through a systematic bioinformatic analysis, we identified and characterized, for the first time, a catalog of lncRNAs that are expressed during embryonic stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes and associated with active cardiac enhancer sequences. RNA-sequencing demonstrates that many of these transcripts are polyadenylated, multi-exonic long noncoding RNAs. Moreover, knockdown of two enhancer-associated lncRNAs resulted in the specific downregulation of their predicted target genes. Interestingly, the reactivation of the fetal gene program, a hallmark of the stress response in the adult heart, is accompanied by increased expression of fetal cardiac enhancer transcripts. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that the activity of cardiac enhancers and expression of their target genes are associated with the production of enhancer-derived lncRNAs
Implications of the diphoton excess on left–right models and gauge unification

AbstractThe recent diphoton excess signal at an invariant mass of 750 GeV can be interpreted in the framework of left–right symmetric models with additional scalar singlets and vector-like fermions. We propose a minimal scenario for such a purpose. Extending the LRSM framework to include these new vector-like fermionic fields, on the other hand, results in interesting phenomenological implications for the LRSM fermion masses and mixing. Furthermore, existence of such vector-like fermions can also have interesting implications for baryogenesis and the dark matter sector. The introduction of a real bi-triplet scalar which contains a potential DM candidate will allow the gauge couplings to unify at ≈1017.7 GeV
Data in support of crystal structures of highly-ordered long-period stacking-ordered phases with 18R, 14H and 10H-type stacking sequences in the Mg–Zn–Y system

AbstractThe crystal structures of highly-ordered Mg–Zn–Y long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases with the 18R, 14H and 10H-type stacking sequences have been investigated by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and transmission electron microscopy (Kishida et al., 2015) [1]. This data article provides supporting materials for the crystal structure analysis based on the crystallographic theory of the order–disorder (OD) structure and the crystallographic information obtained through the structural optimization for various simple polytypes of the highly-ordered Mg–Zn–Y LPSO phases with the 18R, 14H and 10H-type stacking sequences by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations
New Subway-Integrated City Logistics Szystem

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new city logistics system by integrating public subway service with conventional freight vehicle operation to transport goods effectively from the suburbs to the city center. This system mitigates urban transport problems, such as traffic congestion, environmental impact, and delivery delay, particularly during winter when heavy snowfall impairs traffic operation. To verify the effectiveness of this system, we conducted a pilot project. From our pilot project, we found that this system can be expected to enhance the smooth flow of goods, reduce the number of on-street unloading vehicles, and protect the environment. We also confirmed that the public positively accepted this project
Enhancing Social Ability by Stimulating Right Temporoparietal Junction

SummaryThe temporoparietal junction (TPJ) is a key node within the “social brain” [1]. Several studies suggest that the TPJ controls representations of the self or another individual across a variety of low-level (agency discrimination [2], visual perspective taking [3], control of imitation [4]) and high-level (mentalizing, empathy [4–6]) sociocognitive processes. We explored whether sociocognitive abilities relying on on-line control of self and other representations could be modulated with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of TPJ. Participants received excitatory (anodal), inhibitory (cathodal), or sham stimulation before completing three sociocognitive tasks. Anodal stimulation improved the on-line control of self-other representations elicited by the imitation and perspective-taking tasks while not affecting attribution of mental states during a self-referential task devoid of such a requirement. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of tDCS to improve social cognition and highlight the potential for tDCS to be used as a tool to aid self-other processing in clinical populations
Reception of N.S. Leskov's Religious and Philosophical Worldview in English-speaking Critic

AbstractThe monograph of American researcher Irmhild Christina Sperrle ‘The organic worldview of Nikolai Leskov’ focuses on the philosophical foundations of the writer's worldview. The aim of this article is to clarify religious and philosophical aspects of literary works of the writer, which allows obtaining a complete picture of the Leskov's work as an integral literary system. Journalistic and artistic creativity of the writer contains a wealth of material to prove the thesis of organicity in Leskov's worldview. In our article we focus on the concept of organic integrity and its realization on the stylistic level of Leskov's journalistic texts
Impacts of High-Protein Oral Nutritional Supplements Among Malnourished Men and Women with Sarcopenia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial

AbstractBackgroundRecent evidence suggests that nutritional interventions may improve muscle outcomes in malnutrition and sarcopenia.ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of 2 high-quality oral nutritional supplements (ONS) differing in amount and type of key nutrients in older adult men and women.DesignA multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial.ParticipantsMalnourished and sarcopenic men and women, 65 years and older (n = 330).InterventionA 24-week intervention period with 2 energy-rich (330 kcal) ONS treatment groups: Control ONS (CONS, 14 g protein; 147 IU vitamin D3) versus Experimental ONS (EONS, 20 g protein; 499 IU vitamin D3; 1.5 g CaHMB) taken twice daily. Both ONS also contained other vitamins, minerals, and nutrients in varying amounts.MeasurementsIsokinetic peak torque (PT, Nm) leg strength, grip strength (kg), and gait speed (m·s−1) were assessed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks. Left and right leg muscle mass (LMM, kg) were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle quality (MQ) was leg strength expressed relative to the tested LMM (Nm·kg−1). Subgroup analyses were performed: severe sarcopenia (low skeletal mass index, low grip strength [<30 kg men; <20 kg women], low gait speed [<0.8 m·s−1]) and mild-moderate sarcopenia (low skeletal mass index, normal gait speed, or normal grip strength).ResultsBoth ONS groups (EONS and CONS) improved PT, MQ, grip strength, and gait speed from baseline with no treatment differences. Those with severe sarcopenia (44%) exhibited lower baseline PT and MQ, with no differences in strength improvements between treatments. However, participants with mild-moderate sarcopenia exhibited higher baseline PT and MQ, with differences in strength improvements at 12 weeks (EONS > CONS, P = .032) in those with normal grip strength. There were no treatment differences based on sarcopenic severity for either grip strength or gait speed.ConclusionONS improved strength outcomes in malnourished older adults with sarcopenia. In those with mild-moderate sarcopenia, but not severe sarcopenia, consumption of the EONS improved leg muscle strength and quality compared with the standard CONS
DLK1(PREF1) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis in CD105+/CD90+/CD34+/CD31−/FABP4− adipose-derived stromal cells from subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women

AbstractThe main physiological function of adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASC) is to differentiate into adipocytes. ASC are most likely localized at perivascular sites in adipose tissues and retain the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types. Although cell surface markers for ASC have been described, there is no complete consensus on the antigen expression pattern that will precisely define these cells. DLK1(PREF1) is an established marker for mouse adipocyte progenitors which inhibits adipogenesis. This suggests that DLK1(PREF1) could be a useful marker to characterize human ASC. The DLK1(PREF1) status of human ASC is however unknown. In the present study we isolated ASC from the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous abdominal fat pats of adult women. These cells were selected by their plastic adherence and expanded to passage 5. The ASC were characterized as relatively homogenous cell population with the capacity to differentiate in vitro into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts and the immunophenotype CD105+/CD90+/CD34+/CD31−/FABP4−. The ASC were positive for DLK1(PREF1) which was well expressed in proliferating and density arrested cells but downregulated in the course of adipogenic differentiation. To investigate whether DLK1(PREF1) plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis in these cells RNAi-mediated knockdown experiments were conducted. Knockdown of DLK1(PREF1) in differentiating ASC resulted in a significant increase of the expression of the adipogenic key regulator PPARγ2 and of the terminal adipogenic differentiation marker FABP4. We conclude that DLK1(PREF1) is well expressed in human ASC and acts as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Moreover, DLK1(PREF1) could be a functional marker contributing to the characterization of human ASC
Electroweak phase transition in Georgi–Machacek model

AbstractThe Georgi–Machacek model extends the standard model Higgs sector by adding two isospin triplet scalar fields and imposing global SU(2)R symmetry on them. A feature of the model is that the triplets can acquire a large vacuum expectation value without conflicting with the current experimental bound on the ρ parameter. We investigate the electroweak phase transition in the Georgi–Machacek model by evaluating the finite-temperature effective potential of the Higgs sector. The electroweak phase transition can be sufficiently strong in a large parameter space when the triplets acquire a vacuum expectation value of O(10) GeV, opening a possibility to realize successful electroweak baryogenesis