pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Alley coppice—a new system with ancient roots

International audience& Context Current production from natural forests will not satisfy future world demand for timber and fuel wood, and new land management options are required. & Aims We explore an innovative production system that combines the production of short rotation coppice in wide alleys with the production of high-value trees on narrow strips of land; it is an alternative form of alley cropping which we propose to call 'alley coppice'. The aim is to describe this alley coppice system and to illustrate its potential for produc-ing two diverse products, namely high-value timber and ener-gy wood on the same land unit. & Methods Based on a comprehensive literature review, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the alley cop-pice system and contrast the features with well-known existing or past systems of biomass and wood production. & Results We describe and discuss the basic aspects of alley coppice, its design and dynamics, the processes of competi-tion and facilitation, issues of ecology, and areas that are open for future research. & Conclusion Based on existing knowledge, a solid founda-tion for the implementation of alley coppice on suitable land is presented, and the high potential of this system could be shown
Revealing the cold dust in low-metallicity          environments

International audienceContext. We present new photometric data from our            Herschel guaranteed time key programme, the Dwarf Galaxy Survey (DGS),          dedicated to the observation of the gas and dust in low-metallicity environments. A total          of 48 dwarf galaxies were observed with the PACS and SPIRE instruments onboard the            Herschel Space Observatory at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500            μm.Aims. The goal of this paper is to provide reliable far-infrared (FIR)          photometry for the DGS sample and to analyse the FIR/submillimetre (submm) behaviour of          the DGS galaxies. We focus on a systematic comparison of the derived FIR properties (FIR          luminosity, LFIR, dust mass,          Mdust, dust temperature, T, emissivity index,            β) with more metal-rich galaxies and investigate the detection of a          potential submm excess.Methods. The data reduction method is adapted for each galaxy in order          to derive the most reliable photometry from the final maps. The derived PACS flux          densities are compared with the Spitzer MIPS 70 and 160            μm bands. We use colour−colour diagrams to analyse the FIR/submm          behaviour of the DGS galaxies and modified blackbody fitting procedures to determine their          dust properties. To study the variation in these dust properties with metallicity, we also          include galaxies from the Herschel KINGFISH sample, which contains more          metal-rich environments, totalling 109 galaxies.Results. The location of the DGS galaxies on Herschel          colour−colour diagrams highlights the differences in dust grain properties and/or global          environments of low-metallicity dwarf galaxies. The dust in DGS galaxies is generally          warmer than in KINGFISH galaxies (TDGS ~ 32 K and            TKINGFISH ~ 23 K). The emissivity index, β,          is ~1.7 in the DGS, however metallicity does not make a strong effect on            β. The proportion of dust mass relative to stellar mass is lower in          low-metallicity galaxies:            Mdust/Mstar ~ 0.02% for the DGS          versus 0.1% for KINGFISH. However, per unit dust mass, dwarf galaxies emit about six times          more in the FIR/submm than higher metallicity galaxies. Out of the 22 DGS galaxies          detected at 500 μm, about 41% present an excess in the submm beyond the          explanation of our dust SED model, and this excess can go up to 150% above the prediction          from the model. The excess mainly appears in lower metallicity galaxies (12 + log(O/H) ≲          8.3), and the strongest excesses are detected in the most metal-poor galaxies. However, we          also stress the need for observations longwards of the Herschel          wavelengths to detect any submm excess appearing beyond 500 μm
Conformally Einstein Products and Nearly Kähler Manifolds

International audienceIn the first part of this note we study compact Riemannian manifolds (M,g) whose Riemannian product with R is conformally Einstein. We then consider compact 6--dimensional almost Hermitian manifolds of type W_1+W_4 in the Gray--Hervella classification admitting a parallel vector field and show that (under some regularity assumption) they are obtained as mapping tori of isometries of compact Sasaki-Einstein 5-dimensional manifolds. In particular, we obtain examples of inhomogeneous locally (non-globally) conformal nearly Kähler compact manifolds
Long-term Cropping Systems and Tillage Management Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Stock and Steady State Level of C Sequestration Rates in a Semiarid Environment

Calcareous and clayey xeric Chromic Haploxerepts of a long-term (19 years) experimental site in Sicily (Italy) with different land use management and cropping systems were sampled (0-15 cm depth) to study their effect on soil aggregate stability and associated organic carbon (SOC). The experimental site had three tillage managements (no till [NT], dual-layer [DL] and conventional tillage [CT]) and two cropping systems (durum wheat mono-cropping [W] and durum wheat/faba bean rotation [WB]). The whole site covered an area of 4440 m2 with individual plots having 370 m2. The soil was ploughed during the experiment. Samples (2 – 4 kg each) were taken before and after the experiment. The annually sequestered SOC with W was 2.75 times higher than with WB and higher SOC concentrations were measured. The NT management system was the most effective in SOC sequestration whereas with DL no C was sequestered. The differences in SOC concentrations between NT and CT were surprisingly small. Cumulative C input of all cropping and tillage systems and the annually sequestered SOC indicated that a steady state occurred at a sequestration rate of 7.4 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. Independent of the cropping systems, most of the SOC was stored in the silt and clay fraction. This fraction had a high N content which is typical for organic matter interacting strongly with minerals. Macro-aggregates (> 250µm) were influenced by the treatments whereas the finest fractions were not. DL reduced the SOC in macro-aggregates while NT and CT gave rise to much higher SOC contents
Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pTpT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HTHT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pTpT distributions of the leading jets at high pTpT values, the distributions of the HTHT at high-HTHT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values
Partially-Hidden Markov Models.

International audienceThis paper addresses the problem of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) training and inference when the training data are composed of feature vectors plus uncertain and imprecise labels. The "soft" labels represent partial knowledge about the possible states at each time step and the "softness" is encoded by belief functions. For the obtained model, called a Partially-Hidden Markov Model (PHMM), the training algorithm is based on the Evidential Expectation-Maximisation (E2M) algorithm. The usual HMM model is recovered when the belief functions are vacuous and the obtained model includes supervised, unsupervised and semi-supervised learning as special cases
Transposing partial components: an exercise on coalgebraic refinement

A partial component is a process which fails or dies at some stage, thus exhibiting a finite, more ephemeral behaviour than expected (eg, operating system crash). Partiality --- which is the rule rather than exception in formal modelling --- can be treated mathematically via totalization techniques. In the case of partial functions, totalization involves error values and exceptions. In the context of a coalgebraic approach to component semantics, this paper argues that the behavioural counterpart to such functional techniques should extend behaviour with try-again cycles preventing from component collapse, thus extending totalization or transposition from the algebraic to the coalgebraic context. We show that a refinement relationship holds between original and totalized components which is reasoned about in a coalgebraic approach to component refinement expressed in the pointfree binary relation calculus. As part of the pragmatic aims of this research, we also address the factorization of every such totalized coalgebra into two coalgebraic components --- the original one and an added front-end --- which cooperate in a client-serverstyle.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PURe Project under contract POSI/ICHS/44304/2002
Magnetic-responsive hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering

Publicado em "Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine", vol. 7, supp. 1 (2013)The use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been explored as an alternative approach to overcome current limitations of regenerative medicine strategies. Cell engineering approaches where MNPs are incorporated within three-dimensional constructs, such as scaffolds or hydrogels may constitute a novel and attractive approach towards the development of a magnetically-responsive system. These systems would enable remote controlled actions over tissue engineered constructs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that the application of a magnetic field may enhance biological performance over commonly used static culture conditions providing stimulation for cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.

In this work we analyze the role of magnetic stimulation on the behavior of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) laden in k-carrageenan hydrogels aiming at cartilage tissue engineering approaches. Thermo-responsive natural-based κ-carrageenan hydrogels were used as 3D templates since previous studies(1) report the adequate environment provided by these materials to support the viability and chondrogenic differentiation of several types of cells
Spatially resolved physical conditions of molecular gas and potential star formation tracers in M83, revealed by the Herschel SPIRE FTS

We investigate the physical properties of the molecular and ionized gas, and their relationship to the star formation and dust properties in M 83, based on submillimeter imaging spectroscopy from within the central 3.5' (similar to 4 kpc in diameter) around the starburst nucleus. The observations use the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) of the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) onboard the Herschel Space Observatory. The newly observed spectral lines include [CI] 370 mu m, [CI] 609 mu m, [NII] 205 mu m, and CO transitions from J = 4-3 to J = 13-12. Combined with previously observed J = 1-0 to J = 3-2 transitions, the CO spectral line energy distributions are translated to spatially resolved physical parameters, column density of CO, N(CO), and molecular gas thermal pressure, Pth, with a non-local thermal equilibrium (non-LTE) radiative transfer model, RADEX. Our results show that there is a relationship between the spatially resolved intensities of [NIT] 205 pm and the surface density of the star formation rate (SFR), Sigma(SFR). This relation, when compared to integrated properties of ultra-luminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), exhibits a different slope, because the [NII] 205 mu m distribution is more extended than the SFR. The spatially resolved [CI] 370 pm, on the other hand, shows a generally linear relationship with Sigma(SFR) and can potentially be a good SFR tracer. Compared with the dust properties derived from broad-band images, we find a positive trend between the emissivity of CO in the J = 1-0 transition with the average intensity of interstellar radiation field (ISRF), < U >. This trend implies a decrease in the CO-to-H-2 conversion factor, X-CO, when < U > increases. We estimate the gas-to-dust mass ratios to be 77 +/- 33 within the central 2 kpc and 93 +/- 19 within the central 4 kpc of M 83, which implies a Galactic dust-to-metal mass ratio within the observed region of M 83. The estimated gas-depletion time for the M 83 nucleus is 1.13 +/- 0.6 Gyr, which is shorter than the values for nearby spiral galaxies found in the literature (similar to 2.35 Gyr), most likely due to the young nuclear starbursts. A linear relationship between Pth and the radiation pressure generated by < U >, P-rad, is found to be P-th approximate to 30 P-rad which signals that the ISRF alone is insufficient to sustain the observed CO transitions. The spatial distribution of Pth reveals a pressure gradient, which coincides with the observed propagation of starburst activities and the alignment of (possibly background) radio sources. We discover that the off-centered (from the optical nucleus) peak of the molecular gas volume density coincides well with a minimum in the relative aromatic feature strength, indicating a possible destruction of their carriers. We conclude that the observed CO transitions are most likely associated with mechanical heating processes that are directly or indirectly related to very recent nuclear starbursts
Evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton–proton collisions at √s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector using the Matrix Element Method

This Letter presents evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel using proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8TeVwith the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed on events containing one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two b-tagged jets in the final state. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3fb−1. The signal is extracted using a maximum-likelihood fit of a discriminant which is based on the matrix element method and optimized in order to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and Wboson production in association with heavy-flavour jets. The measurement leads to an observed signal significance of 3.2 standard deviations and a measured cross-section of σs=4.8 ±0.8(stat.)+1.6−1.3(syst.)pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model expectation. The expected significance for the analysis is 3.9 standard deviations
Baryonic resonances from Baryon decuplet-meson octet interactions and the exotic resonance S=1, I=1, J(P)=3/2(-)

Using the lowest order chiral Lagrangian we study s-wave interactions of the baryon decuplet with the octet of pseudoscalar mesons. We find two bound states in the flavour SU(3) limit corresponding to the octet and decuplet representations. These are found to split into eight different trajectories in the complex plane when the SU(3) symmetry is broken gradually. Finally, we are able to provide a reasonable description for a good number of 4-star (3-)/(2) resonances listed by the Particle Data Group. In particular, the Xi(1820), the Lambda(1520) and the Sigma(1670) states are well reproduced. We predict a few other resonances and also evaluate the couplings of the observed resonances to the various channels from the residues at the poles of the scattering matrix from where partial decay widths into different channels can be evaluated
Optimization of LC​/MS (APCI)​+ Methods for the Determination of Possible Lutein Oxidation Products in Plasma and Tissues of Adult Rats

In spite of lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin being richly available in natural sources, the role of these components on redn. of age-​related macular degeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders suggested that an update of the anal. procedure is required to det. the oxidative products and to understand their nutritional significance.  In the present study, we have standardized and developed an improved method to obtain characteristic ions of lutein, zeaxanthin, and its major oxidative products in vivo (rats) using LC-​MS (APCI)​+.  In addn., lutein and zeaxanthin isomer were sepd. on a C30 column with shorter run time with high resoln. and calibrated on the basis of picomolar concn. on HPLC (DAD)​, with the lower detection limit of 0.125 for lutein and 0.128 pmol for zeaxanthin.  Characteristic mass spectral ion for lutein is m​/z 568.7 [M]​+ and 551.5 [M + H-​H2O]​+ and for zeaxanthin isomer is m​/z 568.8 [M]​+, 569.8 [M + H]​+.  Further, optimized conditions produced structurally characteristic fragmented ions under standardized MS (APCI)​+ conditions.  Total ionic chromatogram together with fine UV-​Visible and mass spectra were used to differentiate lutein isomers and its oxidative products, such as 523 [M+ + H+-​3CH3]​, 479 [M+ + H+-​6CH3]​, 551 [M+ + H+-​H2O]​, 276.43 [M+-​C22H19O]​, di-​epoxides and 3'-​oxolutein.  The APCI mass spectral characteristics of major oxidative products of lutein in adult rat tissues are reported here for the first time, to our knowledge.  These findings could provide new insights into lutein bioavailability and bioconversions with respect to health benefits
Observation of ultrafast free carrier dynamics in single layer MoS2

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the VILLUM foundation, the Lundbeck foundation, Haldor Topsøe A/S, the Danish Strategic Research Council (CAT-C), EPSRC (Grant Nos. EP/I031014/1 and EP/L505079/1), The Royal Society, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (NSF). Ph.H. and S.U. acknowledge financial support from the Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences under the Sapere Aude program (Grant Nos. DFF-4002-00029 and DFF-4090-00125). Date of Accepted 19/08/2015The dynamics of excited electrons and holes in single layer (SL) MoS2 have so far been difficult to disentangle from the excitons that dominate the optical response of this material. Here, we use time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for an SL of MoS2 on a metallic substrate to directly measure the excited free carriers. This allows us to ascertain a direct quasiparticle band gap of 1.95 eV and determine an ultrafast (50 fs) extraction of excited free carriers via the metal in contact with the SL MoS2. This process is of key importance for optoelectronic applications that rely on separated free carriers rather than excitons.PostprintPeer reviewe
On the asymptotic limit of the three dimensional Vlasov-Poisson system for large magnetic field : formal derivation.

In this paper we establish the asymptotic limit of the three dimensional Vlasov–Poisson equation with strong external magnetic field. The guiding center approximation is investigated in the three dimensional case with a non-constant magnetic field. In the long time asymptotic limit, the motion can be split in two parts : one stationary flow along the lines of the magnetic field and the guiding center motion in the orthogonal plane of the magnetic field where classical drift velocities and invariants (magnetic moment) are recovered
Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: Sequence analysis using the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS)

BACKGROUND: Self-harm is a significant clinical issue in adolescence. There is little research on the interplay of key factors in the months, weeks, days and hours leading to self-harm. We developed the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS) to investigate the pattern of thoughts, feelings, events and behaviours leading to self-harm. METHODS: Forty-five young people (aged 13-21 years) with recent repeated self-harm completed the CaTS to describe their first ever/most recent self-harm episode. Lag sequential analysis determined significant transitions in factors leading to self-harm (presented in state transition diagrams). RESULTS: A significant sequential structure to the card sequences produced was observed demonstrating similarities and important differences in antecedents to first and most recent self-harm. Life-events were distal in the self-harm pathway and more heterogeneous. Of significant clinical concern was that the wish to die and hopelessness emerged as important antecedents in the most recent episode. First ever self-harm was associated with feeling better afterward, but this disappeared for the most recent episode. LIMITATIONS: Larger sample sizes are necessary to examine longer chains of sequences and differences in genders, age and type of self-harm. The sample was self-selected with 53% having experience of living in care. CONCLUSIONS: The CaTs offers a systematic approach to understanding the dynamic interplay of factors that lead to self-harm in young people. It offers a method to target key points for intervention in the self-harm pathway. Crucially the factors most proximal to self-harm (negative emotions, impulsivity and access to means) are modifiable with existing clinical interventions.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Search for quark contact interactions in dijet angular distributions in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector

Dijet angular distributions from the first LHC pp collisions at center-of-mass energy √s = 7 TeV have been measured with the ATLAS detector. The dataset used for this analysis represents an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb−1. Dijet χ distributions and centrality ratios have been measured up to dijet masses of 2.8 TeV, and found to be in good agreement with Standard Model predictions. Analysis of the χ distributions excludes quark contact interactions with a compositeness scale Λ below 3.4 TeV, at 95% confidence level, significantly exceeding previous limits.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Measurement of total and differential W(+)W(-) production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings

The production of W boson pairs in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to 20.3 fb⁻¹ of integrated luminosity collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The W bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decays into electrons or muons and neutrinos. Events with reconstructed jets are not included in the candidate event sample. A total of 6636 WW candidate events are observed. Measurements are performed in fiducial regions closely approximating the detector acceptance. The integrated measurement is corrected for all acceptance effects and for the W branching fractions to leptons in order to obtain the total WW production cross section, which is found to be 71.1 ± 1.1(stat) − 5.0+ 5.7(syst) ± 1.4(lumi) pb. This agrees with the next-to-next-to-leading-order Standard Model prediction of 63. 2− 1.4+ 1.6(scale) ± 1.2(PDF) pb. Fiducial differential cross sections are measured as a function of each of six kinematic variables. The distribution of the transverse momentum of the leading lepton is used to set limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration