pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Turning lights into flights: Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for UK households

Energy efficiency improvements by households lead to rebound effects that offset the potential energy and emissions savings. Direct rebound effects result from increased demand for cheaper energy services, while indirect rebound effects result from increased demand for other goods and services that also require energy to provide. Research to date has focused upon the former, but both are important for climate change. This study estimates the combined direct and indirect rebound effects from seven measures that improve the energy efficiency of UK dwellings. The methodology is based upon estimates of the income elasticity and greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity of 16 categories of household goods and services, and allows for the embodied emissions of the energy efficiency measures themselves, as well as the capital cost of the measures. Rebound effects are measured in GHG terms and relate to the adoption of these measures by an average UK household. The study finds that the rebound effects from these measures are typically in the range 5-15% and arise mostly from indirect effects. This is largely because expenditure on gas and electricity is more GHG-intensive than expenditure on other goods and services. However, the anticipated shift towards a low carbon electricity system in the UK may lead to much larger rebound effects. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd
Influence of n-Mosfet transistor on dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency

A new strategy for evaluating the efficiency of Dye sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) employed in this study was to introduce a device stabilizer which also functioned\ud
as an external load. This aim was accomplished through computations of efficiency of different DSCs based on n-Mosfet transistor. Transistor Z44 mosfet’s impact on the DSC systems was to significantly moderate the effect of\ud
two vital components namel; the photoanodes and electrolyte sensitizers. The outcome of the Z44 mosfet incorporation inside the DSC was a synchronization in photovoltaic spectral responses thereby, minimizing the common limitations of DSCs such as dye synergy, redox kinematics, photophysics and roughness factor which is not restrictive to N719 dyes. This study presents the results of indiumdoped tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass doped DSCs with different electrolytes enhanced with a transistor mosfet; short-circuit current density (Isc) of 0.104 A cm�2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 240.6 mV, efficiency of 0.9 % and a fill\ud
factor of 0.12 obtained under 1 atmospheric air mass conditions. The implication of this resA new strategy for evaluating the efficiency of Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSC)\ud
employed in this study was to introduce a device stabilizer which also functioned as an external load. This aim was accomplished through computations of efficiency of different DSCs based on n-Mosfet transistor. Transistor Z44 mosfet’s impact on the DSC systems was to significantly moderate the effect of two vital components namel; the photoanodes and electrolyte sensitizers. The outcome of the Z44 mosfet incorporation inside the DSC was a synchronization\ud
in photovoltaic spectral responses thereby, minimizing the common limitations of DSCs such as dye synergy, redox kinematics, photophysics and roughness factor\ud
which is not restrictive to N719 dyes. This study presents the results of indiumdoped tin oxide (ITO) conducting glass doped DSCs with different electrolytes enhanced with a transistor mosfet; short-circuit current density (Isc) of 0.104 A cm�2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 240.6 mV, efficiency of 0.9 % and a fill factor of 0.12 obtained under 1 atmospheric air mass conditions. The implication\ud
of this result is possible reproducibility and modelling of T. daniellii Mosfet DSC based on the comparative analysis of the output performance of T. danielliiult is possible reproducibility and modelling of T. daniellii Mosfet\ud
DSC based on the comparative analysis of the output performance of T. daniellii DSC on TiO2 and ZnO photoanode. This also gives impetus for further scientific\ud
inquiry
Charged-Particle Nuclear Modification Factors in PbPb and pPb Collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η|  <  1 at √sNN=5.02 TeV are measured using 404 μb[superscript −1] of PbPb and 27.4 pb[superscript −1] of pp data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The spectra are presented over the transverse momentum ranges spanning 0.5  <  p[subscript T] <  400 GeV in pp and 0.7  <  p T <  400 GeV in PbPb collisions. The corresponding nuclear modification factor, R AA , is measured in bins of collision centrality. The R AA in the 5% most central collisions shows a maximal suppression by a factor of 7-8 in the p T region of 6-9 GeV. This dip is followed by an increase, which continues up to the highest p T measured, and approaches unity in the vicinity of p[subscript  T] = 200 GeV. The R[subscript AA] is compared to theoretical predictions and earlier experimental results at lower collision energies. The newly measured pp spectrum is combined with the pPb spectrum previously published by the CMS collaboration to construct the pPb nuclear modification factor, R[subscript pA], up to 120 GeV. For p T >  20 GeV, R][subscript pA] exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Department of Energ
Measurement of CP observables in B0 -> D K*0 with D -> K+ K-

The decay B 0 → DK *0 and the charge conjugate mode are studied using 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at s√=7 TeV in 2011. The CP asymmetry between the B 0 → DK *0 and the B¯¯0→DK¯¯¯∗0 decay rates, with the neutral D meson in the CP-even final state K + K −, is found to be AKKd=−0.45±0.23±0.02, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. In addition, favoured B 0 → DK *0 decays are reconstructed with the D meson in the non-CP eigenstate K +π−. The ratio of the B-flavour averaged decay rates in D decays to CP and non-CP eigenstates is measured to be RKKd=1.36+0.37−0.32±0.07, where the ratio of the branching fractions of D 0 → K −π+ to D 0 → K + K − decays is included as multiplicative factor. The CP asymmetries measured with two control channels, the favoured B 0 → DK *0 decay with D → K +π− and the B¯¯0s→DK∗0 decay with D→K + K −, arealsoreported
Form follows function: pragmatic controlled trials (PCTs) have to answer different questions and require different designs than randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

Rising concern for demonstrated real world comparative effectiveness has heightened interest in “pragmatic trials” design. Pragmatic trials investigate whether the efficacy, presumed or found in explanatory trials under ideal conditions, can also be detected under real world conditions, i.e. effectiveness. It is also recognized that ‘real world’ effects which are usually addressed in public health research gain growing interest in confirming the ‘road capability’ of results obtained under ideal study conditions. This paper demonstrates that studies under ideal or real world conditions use different methods, generate different information and cannot replace each other.
The PCT design meets four requirements of public health and of effectiveness research. It includes all individuals who presented with the selected condition. It classifies the included individuals according to baseline risks. It enables plausibility controls. Finally, it compares the outcomes resulting from specified and not-specified interventions or treatments.
We propose a pragmatic controlled trial (PCT) design in which patient preference and other co-factors crucial in determining the actual effectiveness of interventional options will not be neutralized by concealed randomization and blinding. This design is applicable to record the selected interventions and generated outcomes in day-to-day health care and is capable of incorporating preference and other participative factors into assessment of effectiveness.
The PCT design is useful for public health research, e.g. the effectiveness of interventions to change smoking habits or to prevent death from breast cancer, as well as for comparative effectiveness research where it will supplement the traditional randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Absorption cross-sections of hole polarons in glassy and beta-phase polyfluorene

F. Montilla acknowledges financial support provided by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Ramón y Cajal RYC1463/06 and José Castillejo JC2009-00 227 Programs). The authors also acknowledge the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for financial support.Absorption induced by electrochemically injected holes is studied in poly-9,9-dioctylfluorene (PFO) films. Injected charges form positive polarons which are delocalised over four fluorene units in the glassy phase and about seven fluorene units in its beta-phase. Polaron absorption cross-sections at the 640 nm peak are similar to the published values of chemically reduced oligofluorenes in solution. The absorption cross-section of polaron in the beta-phase at 470 nm is about eight times smaller than the stimulated emission cross-section derived from published data. This indicates that beta-phase-rich PFO is an attractive candidate for a lightemitting layer in double-heterostructure organic laser diodes.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
A-stable Runge-Kutta methods for semilinear evolution equations

We consider semilinear evolution equations for which the linear part
generates a strongly continuous semigroup and the nonlinear part is
sufficiently smooth on a scale of Hilbert spaces. In this setting, we prove the
existence of solutions which are temporally smooth in the norm of the lowest
rung of the scale for an open set of initial data on the highest rung of the
scale. Under the same assumptions, we prove that a class of implicit,
$A$-stable Runge--Kutta semidiscretizations in time of such equations are
smooth as maps from open subsets of the highest rung into the lowest rung of
the scale. Under the additional assumption that the linear part of the
evolution equation is normal or sectorial, we prove full order convergence of
the semidiscretization in time for initial data on open sets. Our results
apply, in particular, to the semilinear wave equation and to the nonlinear
Schr\"odinger equation
Journey to DOR: a retro science-fiction story on researching eprescribing

The core of this paper is a science fiction short story. We are on planet DOR. A group of scientists are working on an experiment, changing underlying mechanisms of transmissions of a colossus machine – a complex system of gears and levers, wires and pipes. Some of its mechanisms are also known as D for Doctors, F for Pharmacists, P for Patients. Observers travel from Earth to study the experiment. Their dilemmas are unaided by their advanced research tools. The story is inspired by research carried out for the evaluation of the forthcoming Electronic Prescription Service in England (UK). Our fiction is fiction, but it is also a methodological means, a reflexive lever to elaborate and explore our research texts and to question the feasibility, meaning and impact of researching future technology
Echinocyte Shapes: Bending, Stretching and Shear Determine Spicule Shape
  and Spacing

We study the shapes of human red blood cells using continuum mechanics. In
particular, we model the crenated, echinocytic shapes and show how they may
arise from a competition between the bending energy of the plasma membrane and
the stretching/shear elastic energies of the membrane skeleton. In contrast to
earlier work, we calculate spicule shapes exactly by solving the equations of
continuum mechanics subject to appropriate boundary conditions. A simple
scaling analysis of this competition reveals an elastic length which sets the
length scale for the spicules and is, thus, related to the number of spicules
experimentally observed on the fully developed echinocyte.Comment: Revtex, 27 pages, 8 figures; some minor change
Monopole creation operators as confinement--deconfinement order
  parameters

We study numerically two versions of the monopole creation operators proposed
by Frohlich and Marchetti. The disadvantage of the old version of the monopole
creation operator is due to visibility of the Dirac string entering the
definition of the creation operator in the theories with coexisting electric
and magnetic charges. This problem does not exist for the new creation operator
which is rather complicated. Using the Abelian Higgs model with a compact gauge
field we show that both definitions of the monopole creation operator can serve
as order parameters for the confinement--deconfinement phase transition. The
value of the monopole condensate for the old version depends on the length of
Dirac string. However, as soon as the length is fixed the old operator
certainly discriminates between the phases with condensed and non--condensed
monopoles.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX2
Metropolis-Hastings thermal state sampling for numerical simulations of
  Bose-Einstein condensates

We demonstrate the application of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to
sampling of classical thermal states of one-dimensional Bose-Einstein
quasicondensates in the classical fields approximation, both in untrapped and
harmonically trapped case. The presented algorithm can be easily generalized to
higher dimensions and arbitrary trap geometry. For truncated Wigner simulations
the quantum noise can be added with conventional methods (half a quantum of
energy in every mode). The advantage of the presented method over the usual
analytical and stochastic ones lies in its ability to sample not only from
canonical and grand canonical distributions, but also from the generalized
Gibbs ensemble, which can help to shed new light on thermodynamics of
integrable systems.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Structure-dependent mobility of a dry aqueous foam flowing along two
  parallel channels

The velocity of a two-dimensional aqueous foam has been measured as it flows
through two parallel channels, at a constant overall volumetric flow rate. The
flux distribution between the two channels is studied as a function of the
ratio of their widths. A peculiar dependence of the velocity ratio on the width
ratio is observed when the foam structure in the narrower channel is either
single staircase or bamboo. In particular, discontinuities in the velocity
ratios are observed at the transitions between double and single staircase and
between single staircase and bamboo. A theoretical model accounting for the
viscous dissipation at the solid wall and the capillary pressure across a film
pinned at the channel outlet predicts the observed non-monotonic evolution of
the velocity ratio as a function of the width ratio. It also predicts
quantitatively the intermittent temporal evolution of the velocity in the
narrower channel when it is so narrow that film pinning at its outlet
repeatedly brings the flow to a near stop
The "universal property" of Horizon Entropy Sum of Black Holes in Four
  Dimensional Asymptotical (anti-)de-Sitter Spacetime Background

We present a new ``universal property'' of entropy, that is the ``entropy
sum'' relation of black holes in four dimensional (anti-)de-Sitter asymptotical
background. They depend only on the cosmological constant with the necessary
effect of the un-physical ``virtual'' horizon included in the spacetime where
only the cosmological constant, mass of black hole, rotation parameter and
Maxwell field exist. When there is more extra matter field in the spacetime,
one will find the ``entropy sum'' is also dependent of the strength of these
extra matter field. For both cases, we conclude that the ``entropy sum'' does
not depend on the conserved charges $M$, $Q$ and $J$, while it does depend on
the property of background spacetime. We will mainly test the ``entropy sum''
relation in static, stationary black hole and some black hole with extra matter
source (scalar hair and higher curvature) in the asymptotical (anti-)de-sitter
spacetime background. Besides, we point out a newly found counter example of
the mass independence of the ''entropy product'' relation in the spacetime with
extra scalar hair case, while the ``entropy sum'' relation still holds. These
result are indeed suggestive to some underlying microscopic mechanism.
Moreover, the cosmological constant and extra matter field dependence of the
``entropy sum'' of all horizon seems to reveal that ``entropy sum'' is more
general as it is only related to the background field. For the case of
asymptotical flat spacetime without any matter source, we give a note for the
Kerr black hole case in appendix. One will find only mass dependence of
``entropy sum'' appears. It makes us believe that, considering the dependence
of ``entropy sum'', the mass background field may be regarded as the next order
of cosmological constant background field and extra matter field.Comment: 14 pages, no figures, JHEP forma
One-neutron knockout reaction of 17C on a hydrogen target at 70
  MeV/nucleon

First experimental evidence of the population of the first 2- state in 16C
above the neutron threshold is obtained by neutron knockout from 17C on a
hydrogen target. The invariant mass method combined with in-beam gamma-ray
detection is used to locate the state at 5.45(1) MeV. Comparison of its
populating cross section and parallel momentum distribution with a Glauber
model calculation utilizing the shell-model spectroscopic factor confirms the
core-neutron removal nature of this state. Additionally, a previously known
unbound state at 6.11 MeV and a new state at 6.28(2) MeV are observed. The
position of the first 2- state, which belongs to a member of the lowest-lying
p-sd cross shell transition, is reasonably well described by the shell-model
calculation using the WBT interaction.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Semiclassical stationary states for nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations
  under a strong external magnetic field

We construct solutions to the nonlinear magnetic Schr\"odinger equation $$
  \left\{ \begin{aligned}
  - \varepsilon^2 \Delta_{A/\varepsilon^2} u + V u &= \lvert u\rvert^{p-2} u &
&\text{in}\ \Omega,\\ u &= 0 & &\text{on}\ \partial\Omega,
  \end{aligned}
  \right. $$ in the semiclassical r\'egime with strong magnetic fields. In
contrast with the well-studied mild magnetic field r\'egime, the limiting
energy depends on the magnetic field allowing to recover the Lorentz force in
the semi-classical limit. Our solutions concentrate around global or local
minima of a limiting energy that depends on the electric potential and the
magnetic field. The results cover unbounded domains, fast-decaying electric
potential and unbounded electromagnetic fields. The construction is variational
and is based on an asymptotic analysis of solutions to a penalized problem in
the spirit of M. del Pino and P. Felmer.Comment: 23 pages, minor correction
CFT Description of String Theory Compactified on Non-compact Manifolds
  with G_2 Holonomy

We construct modular invariant partition functions for strings propagating on
non-compact manifolds of G_2 holonomy. Our amplitudes involve a pair of N=1
minimal models M_m, M_{m+2} (m=3,4,...) and are identified as describing
strings on manifolds of G_2 holonomy associated with A_{m-2} type singularity.
It turns out that due to theta function identities our amplitudes may be cast
into a form which contain tricritical Ising model for any m. This is in accord
with the results of Shatashvili and Vafa. We also construct a candidate
partition function for string compactified on a non-compact Spin(7) manifold.Comment: It is found that tricritical Ising model is contained in our
  amplitues in agreement with the results of Shatashvili and Vafa. Manuscript
  is revised accordingly. A new reference is also adde
Abelian Chern-Simons Vortices and Holomorphic Burgers' Hierarchy

The Abelian Chern-Simons Gauge Field Theory in 2+1 dimensions and its
relation with holomorphic Burgers' Hierarchy is considered. It is shown that
the relation between complex potential and the complex gauge field as in
incompressible and irrotational hydrodynamics, has meaning of the analytic
Cole-Hopf transformation, linearizing the Burgers Hierarchy in terms of the
holomorphic Schr\"odinger Hierarchy. Then the motion of planar vortices in
Chern-Simons theory, appearing as pole singularities of the gauge field,
corresponds to motion of zeroes of the hierarchy. Using boost transformations
of the complex Galilean group of the hierarchy, a rich set of exact solutions,
describing integrable dynamics of planar vortices and vortex lattices in terms
of the generalized Kampe de Feriet and Hermite polynomials is constructed. The
results are applied to the holomorphic reduction of the Ishimori model and the
corresponding hierarchy, describing dynamics of magnetic vortices and
corresponding lattices in terms of complexified Calogero-Moser models.
Corrections on two vortex dynamics from the Moyal space-time non-commutativity
in terms of Airy functions are found.Comment: 15 pages, talk presented in Workshop `Nonlinear Physics IV: Theory
  and Experiment`, 22-30 June 2006, Gallipoli, Ital
Quantum and Classical Aspects of Deformed $c=1$ Strings.

The quantum and classical aspects of a deformed $c=1$ matrix model proposed
by Jevicki and Yoneya are studied. String equations are formulated in the
framework of Toda lattice hierarchy. The Whittaker functions now play the role
of generalized Airy functions in $c<1$ strings. This matrix model has two
distinct parameters. Identification of the string coupling constant is thereby
not unique, and leads to several different perturbative interpretations of this
model as a string theory. Two such possible interpretations are examined. In
both cases, the classical limit of the string equations, which turns out to
give a formal solution of Polchinski's scattering equations, shows that the
classical scattering amplitudes of massless tachyons are insensitive to
deformations of the parameters in the matrix model.Comment: 52 pages, Latex
The transverse momentum dependence of charged kaon Bose-Einstein
  correlations in the SELEX experiment

We report on the measurement of the one-dimensional charged kaon correlation
functions using 600~GeV/{\it c} $\Sigma^-$, $\pi^-$ and 540~GeV/{\it c} $p$
beams from the SELEX~(E781) experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron.
$K^{\pm}K^{\pm}$ correlation functions are studied for three transverse pair
momentum, $k_T$, ranges and parameterized by a Gaussian form. The emission
source radii, $R$, and the correlation strength, $\lambda$, are extracted. The
analysis shows a decrease of the source radii with increasing kaon transverse
pair momentum for all beam types.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Deuteron-deuteron scattering above four-nucleon breakup threshold

Deuteron-deuteron elastic scattering and transfer reactions in the energy
regime above four-nucleon breakup threshold are described by solving exact
four-particle equations for transition operators. Several realistic nuclear
interaction models are used, including the one with effective many-nucleon
forces generated by the explicit $\Delta$-isobar excitation; the Coulomb force
between protons is taken into account as well. Differential cross sections,
deuteron analyzing powers, outgoing nucleon polarization, and
deuteron-to-neutron polarization transfer coefficients are calculated at 10 MeV
deuteron energy. Overall good agreement with the experimental data is found.
The importance of breakup channels is demonstrated.Comment: 5 figure