pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Differential Dynamic Microscopy: a High-Throughput Method for
  Characterizing the Motility of Microorganism

We present a fast, high-throughput method for characterizing the motility of
microorganisms in 3D based on standard imaging microscopy. Instead of tracking
individual cells, we analyse the spatio-temporal fluctuations of the intensity
in the sample from time-lapse images and obtain the intermediate scattering
function (ISF) of the system. We demonstrate our method on two different types
of microorganisms: bacteria, both smooth swimming (run only) and wild type (run
and tumble) Escherichia coli, and the bi-flagellate alga Chlamydomonas
reinhardtii. We validate the methodology using computer simulations and
particle tracking. From the ISF, we are able to extract (i) for E. coli: the
swimming speed distribution, the fraction of motile cells and the diffusivity,
and (ii) for C. reinhardtii: the swimming speed distribution, the amplitude and
frequency of the oscillatory dynamics. In both cases, the motility parameters
are averaged over \approx 10^4 cells and obtained in a few minutes
Lifting the Gribov ambiguity in Yang-Mills theories

We propose a new one-parameter family of Landau gauges for Yang-Mills
theories which can be formulated by means of functional integral methods and
are thus well suited for analytic calculations, but which are free of Gribov
ambiguities and avoid the Neuberger zero problem of the standard Faddeev-Popov
construction. The resulting gauge-fixed theory is perturbatively renormalizable
in four dimensions and, for what concerns the calculation of ghost and gauge
field correlators, it reduces to a massive extension of the Faddeev-Popov
action. We study the renormalization group flow of this theory at one-loop and
show that it has no Landau pole in the infrared for some - including physically
relevant - range of values of the renormalized parameters.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure; published version (PLB), minor corrections,
  references adde
A density functional theory study of the confined soft ellipsoid fluid

A system of soft ellipsoid molecules confined between two planar walls is
studied using classical Density Functional Theory (DFT). Both the isotropic and
nematic phases are considered. The excess free energy is evaluated using two
different Ansaetze and the intermolecular interaction is incorporated using two
different direct correlation functions (DCF). The first is a numerical DCF
obtained from simulations of bulk soft ellipsoid fluids and the second is taken
from Parsons-Lee theory. In both the isotropic and nematic phases the numerical
DCF gives density and order parameter profiles in reasonable agreement with
simulation. The Parsons-Lee DCF also gives reasonable agreement in the
isotropic phase but poor agreement in the nematic phase
Massive Complex Scalar Field in a Kerr-Sen Black Hole Background: Exact
  Solution of Wave Equation and Hawking Radiation

The separated radial part of a massive complex scalar wave equation in the
Kerr-Sen geometry is shown to satisfy the generalized spheroidal wave equation
which is, in fact, a confluent Heun equation up to a multiplier. The Hawking
evaporation of scalar particles in the Kerr-Sen black hole background is
investigated by the Damour-Ruffini-Sannan's method. It is shown that quantum
thermal effect of the Kerr-Sen black hole has the same characteras that of the
Kerr-Newman black hole.Comment: Revtex, 5 pages, no figure, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Covariant Hamiltonian boundary conditions in General Relativity for
  spatially bounded spacetime regions

We investigate the covariant Hamiltonian symplectic structure of General
Relativity for spatially bounded regions of spacetime with a fixed time-flow
vector. For existence of a well-defined Hamiltonian variational principle
taking into account a spatial boundary, it is necessary to modify the standard
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Hamiltonian by adding a boundary term whose form depends
on the spatial boundary conditions for the gravitational field. The most
general mathematically allowed boundary conditions and corresponding boundary
terms are shown to be determined by solving a certain equation obtained from
the symplectic current pulled back to the hypersurface boundary of the
spacetime region. A main result is that we obtain a covariant derivation of
Dirichlet, Neumann, and mixed type boundary conditions on the gravitational
field at a fixed boundary hypersurface, together with the associated
Hamiltonian boundary terms. As well, we establish uniqueness of these boundary
conditions under certain assumptions motivated by the form of the symplectic
current. Our analysis uses a Noether charge method which extends and unifies
several results developed in recent literature for General Relativity. As an
illustration of the method, we apply it to the Maxwell field equations to
derive allowed boundary conditions and boundary terms for existence of a
well-defined Hamiltonian variational principle for an electromagnetic field in
a fixed spatially bounded region of Minkowski spacetime.Comment: 49 pages; published version with minor errata corrected in Eqs.
  (3.55) and (3.69
Production Properties of the Orbitally Excited Mesons f_0(980),
  f_2(1270), K^*0_2(1430) and f'_2(1525) in Z^0 Hadronic Decays

DELPHI results are presented on the inclusive production of the neutral
mesons rho^0, f_0(980), f_2(1270), K^*0_2(1430) and f'_2(1525) in hadronic Z^0
decays. They are based on about 2 million multihadronic events collected in
1994 and 1995, using the particle identification capabilities of the DELPHI
Ring Imaging Cherenkov detectors and measured ionization losses in the Time
Projection Chamber. The total production rates per hadronic Z^0 decay have been
determined to be: 1.19 +/- 0.10 for rho^0; 0.164 +/- 0.021 for f_0(980); 0.214
+/- 0.038 for f_2(1270); 0.073 +/- 0.023 for K^*0_2(1430); and 0.012 +/- 0.006
for f'_2(1525). The total production rates for all mesons and differential
cross-sections for the rho^0, f_0(980) and f_2(1270) are compared with the
results of other LEP experiments and with models.Comment: LaTeX, 4 pages with 3 eps-figures. In the Proceedings of the 15th
  International Conference on Particle and Nuclei, Uppsala, Sweden, June 10-16,
  1999 (Eds. G. Faldt et al.
Measurement of the ZZ cross-section in e+e- interactions at 183-189 GeV

Measurements of on-shell ZZ production are described, using data collected by
DELPHI in 1997 and 1998, at centre-of-mass energies sqrt(s) = 182.6 GeV and
188.6 GeV respectively. Results obtained in each of the final states q qbar q
qbar, mu+mu- q qbar, e+e- q qbar, nu nubar q qbar, l+l-l+l-, and nu nubar l+l-
are presented. The measured cross-sections for on-shell ZZ production via the
tree-level doubly-resonant graphs (NC02) are: sigma_{NC02}(182.6 GeV) = 0.38 +-
0.18 (stat) +- 0.04 (syst) pb, sigma_{NC02}(188.6 GeV) = 0.60 +- 0.13 (stat) +-
0.07 (syst) pb. They are consistent with the Standard Model expectations of
0.25 pb and 0.65 pb at each energy.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
Diffractive D_s production in charged current DIS

We present a perturbative QCD calculation of diffractive $D_s$ production in
charged current deep inelastic scattering. In the two-gluon exchange model, we
analyze the diffractive process $\nu N \to \mu^- N \Ds$, which may provide
useful information for the gluon structure of nucleons and the diffraction
mechanism in QCD. The cross section of diffractive $D_s$ production with
$\xBj=0.005$-0.05 and $E_\nu=50$ Gev is found to be $2.7\times10^{-5}$ pb. In
spite of this small cross section, the high luminosity available at the
$\nu$-Factory in the future would lead to a sizable number of diffraction
events.Comment: 6 pages, 5 eps figures, final version to appear in PL
Decay Constants of Heavy Meson of $0^-$ State in Relativistic Salpeter
  Method

The decay constants of pseudoscalar heavy mesons of $0^-$ state are computed
by means of the relativistic (instantaneous) Salpeter equation. We solved the
full Salpeter equation without making any further approximation, such as
ignoring the small component wave function. Therefore, our results for the
decay constants include the complete relativistic contributions from the light
and the heavy quarks. We obtain $F_{D_s} \approx 248 \pm 27 $, $F_{D} \approx
230 \pm 25 (D^0,D^\pm)$, $F_{B_s} \approx 216 \pm 32 $, $F_{B} \approx 196 \pm
29 (B^0,B^\pm)$, $F_{B_c} \approx 322 \pm 42 $ and $F_{\eta_c} \approx 292 \pm
25 $ MeV.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Response of the Jovian thermosphere to a transient `pulse' in solar wind
  pressure

The importance of the Jovian thermosphere with regard to
magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling is often neglected in magnetospheric physics.
We present the first study to investigate the response of the Jovian
thermosphere to transient variations in solar wind dynamic pressure, using an
azimuthally symmetric global circulation model coupled to a simple
magnetosphere and fixed auroral conductivity model. In our simulations, the
Jovian magnetosphere encounters a solar wind shock or rarefaction region and is
subsequently compressed or expanded. We present the ensuing response of the
coupling currents, thermospheric flows, heating and cooling terms, and the
aurora to these transient events. Transient compressions cause the reversal,
with respect to steady state, of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling currents and
momentum transfer between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. They also cause
at least a factor of two increase in the Joule heating rate. Ion drag
significantly changes the kinetic energy of the thermospheric neutrals
depending on whether the magnetosphere is compressed or expanded. Local
temperature variations appear between ~ -45 and 175 K for the compression
scenario and ~ -20 and 50 K for the expansion case. Extended regions of
equatorward flow develop in the wake of compression events - we discuss the
implications of this behaviour for global energy transport. Both compressions
and expansions lead to a ~ 2000 TW increase in the total power dissipated or
deposited in the thermosphere. In terms of auroral processes, transient
compressions increase main oval UV emission by a factor of 4.5 whilst transient
expansions increase this main emission by a more modest 37%. Both types of
transient event cause shifts in the position of the main oval, of up to 1 deg
latitude.Comment: 48 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication to PSS. This
  submission supersedes arXiv:1301.3743 and arXiv:1301.374
H.E.S.S. Observations of the Binary System PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around
  the 2010/2011 Periastron Passage

Aim. In this paper we present very high energy (VHE; E>100 GeV) data from the
\gamma-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 taken around its periastron
passage (15th of December 2010) with the High Energy Stereoscopic System
(H.E.S.S.) of Cherenkov Telescopes. We aim to search for a possible TeV
counterpart of the GeV flare detected by the Fermi LAT. In addition, we aim to
study the current periastron passage in the context of previous observations
taken at similar orbital phases, testing the repetitive behavior of the source.
  Methods. Observations at VHE were conducted with H.E.S.S. from 9th to 16th of
January 2011. The total dataset amounts to around 6 h of observing time.
  Results. The source is detected in the 2011 data at a significance level of
11.5\sigma\ revealing an averaged integral flux above 1 TeV of (1.01 \pm
0.18_{stat} \pm 0.20_{sys}) \times 10^{-12} cm^{-2}s^{-1}. The differential
energy spectrum follows a power-law shape with a spectral index \Gamma = 2.92
\pm 0.30_{stat} \pm 0.20_{sys} and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N_{0} =
1.95 \pm 0.32_{stat} \pm 0.39_{sys}) \times 10^{-12} TeV^{-1} cm^{-2} s^{-1}.
The measured lightcurve does not show any evidence for variability of the
source on the daily scale.
  Conclusions. The measured integral flux and the spectral shape of the 2011
data are compatible with the results obtained around previous periastron
passages. The absence of variability in the H.E.S.S. data indicates that the
GeV flare observed by Fermi LAT in the time period covered also by H.E.S.S.
observations originates in a different physical scenario than the TeV emission.
Additionaly, new results compared to those obtained in the observations which
were performed in 2004 at a similar orbital phase, further support the
hypothesis of the repetitive behavior of the source.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in A&
Probing top-partners in Higgs + jets

Fermionic top-partners arise in models such as Composite Higgs and Little
Higgs. They modify Higgs properties, in particular how the Higgs couples to top
quarks. Alas, there is a low-energy cancellation acting in the coupling of the
Higgs boson to gluons and photons. As a result of this cancellation, no
information about the spectrum and couplings of the top-partners can be
obtained in gluon fusion to Higgs, just the overall new physics scale. In this
paper we show that this is not the case when hard radiation is taken into
account. Indeed, differential distributions in Higgs plus jets are sensitive to
the top-partner mass and coupling to the Higgs. We exploit the transverse
momentum distribution of the hard jet to obtain limits on the top-partners in
the 14 TeV LHC run, finding that 300 ifb of data of 14 TeV LHC are sufficient
to rule out top-sector mixing angles $\sin^2 (\theta_R)$ > 0.05 for
top-partners with masses from 300 GeV to above 2 TeV.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
3-Cocycles, Non-Associative Star-Products and the Magnetic Paradigm of
  R-Flux String Vacua

We consider the geometric and non-geometric faces of closed string vacua
arising by T-duality from principal torus bundles with constant H-flux and pay
attention to their double phase space description encompassing all toroidal
coordinates, momenta and their dual on equal footing. We construct a
star-product algebra on functions in phase space that is manifestly duality
invariant and substitutes for canonical quantization. The 3-cocycles of the
Abelian group of translations in double phase space are seen to account for
non-associativity of the star-product. We also provide alternative
cohomological descriptions of non-associativity and draw analogies with the
quantization of point-particles in the field of a Dirac monopole or other
distributions of magnetic charge. The magnetic field analogue of the R-flux
string model is provided by a constant uniform distribution of magnetic charge
in space and non-associativity manifests as breaking of angular symmetry. The
Poincare vector comes to rescue angular symmetry as well as associativity and
also allow for quantization in terms of operators and Hilbert space only in the
case of charged particles moving in the field of a single magnetic monopole.Comment: 58 pages, 4 figures, improvements made in the revised versio
Robust Tests for the Equality of Two Normal Means based on the Density
  Power Divergence

Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the
feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of
statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two
population means, generally performed under the assumption of normality. In
medical studies, for example, we often need to compare the effects of two
different drugs, treatments or preconditions on the resulting outcome. The most
commonly used test in this connection is the two sample $t$-test for the
equality of means, performed under the assumption of equality of variances. It
is a very useful tool, which is widely used by practitioners of all disciplines
and has many optimality properties under the model. However, the test has one
major drawback; it is highly sensitive to deviations from the ideal conditions,
and may perform miserably under model misspecification and the presence of
outliers. In this paper we present a robust test for the two sample hypothesis
based on the density power divergence measure (Basu et al., 1998), and show
that it can be a great alternative to the ordinary two sample $t$-test. The
asymptotic properties of the proposed tests are rigorously established in the
paper, and their performances are explored through simulations and real data
analysis.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure
New signals for singlet Higgs and vector-like quarks at the LHC

We consider an extension of the Standard Model involving a singlet Higgs and
down type vector-like quarks in the light of the current LHC Higgs data. For a
good range of the parameters of the Higgs potential, and a mass range for the
heavy vector-like quark, we find that the singlet heavy Higgs arising from the
production and decay of the vector-like quarks give rise to (2b~4t) signal. The
subsequent decay of the top quarks to $b W^{+}$ give rise to a final state with
six b quarks, two same-sign charged leptons and missing transverse momenta with
observable cross-sections at the 14 TeV run of the Large Hadron Collider. The
Standard Model background for such a final state is practically negligible.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
The curious case of HD41248. A pair of static signals buried behind
  red-noise

Gaining a better understanding of the effects of stellar induced radial
velocity noise is critical for the future of exoplanet studies, since the
discovery of the lowest-mass planets using this method will require us to go
below the intrinsic stellar noise limit. An interesting test case in this
respect is that of the southern solar analogue HD41248. The radial velocity
time series of this star has been proposed to contain either a pair of signals
with periods of around 18 and 25 days, that could be due to a pair of resonant
super-Earths, or a single and varying 25 day signal that could arise due to a
complex interplay between differential rotation and modulated activity. In this
letter we build-up more evidence for the former scenario, showing that the
signals are still clearly significant even after more than 10 years of
observations and they likely do not change in period, amplitude, or phase as a
function of time, the hallmarks of static Doppler signals. We show that over
the last two observing seasons this star was more intrinsically active and the
noise reddened, highlighting why better noise models are needed to find the
lowest amplitude signals, in particular models that consider noise
correlations. This analysis shows that there is still sufficient evidence for
the existence of two super-Earths on the edge of, or locked into, a 7:5 mean
motion resonance orbiting HD41248.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figues, and 3 tables, to appear in Ap
Planck intermediate results. XXV. The Andromeda Galaxy as seen by Planck

The Andromeda Galaxy (M31) is one of a few galaxies that has sufficient
angular size on the sky to be resolved by the Planck satellite. Planck has
detected M31 in all of its frequency bands, and has mapped out the dust
emission with the High Frequency Instrument, clearly resolving multiple spiral
arms and sub-features. We examine the morphology of this long-wavelength dust
emission as seen by Planck, including a study of its outermost spiral arms, and
investigate the dust heating mechanism across M31. We find that dust dominating
the longer wavelength emission ($\gtrsim 0.3\,$mm) is heated by the diffuse
stellar population (as traced by 3.6$\,\mu$m emission), with the dust
dominating the shorter wavelength emission heated by a mix of the old stellar
population and star-forming regions (as traced by 24$\,\mu$m emission). We also
fit spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for individual 5' pixels and quantify
the dust properties across the galaxy, taking into account these different
heating mechanisms, finding that there is a linear decrease in temperature with
galactocentric distance for dust heated by the old stellar population, as would
be expected, with temperatures ranging from around 22$\,$K in the nucleus to
14$\,$K outside of the 10$\,$kpc ring. Finally, we measure the integrated
spectrum of the whole galaxy, which we find to be well-fitted with a global
dust temperature of ($18.2\pm1.0$)$\,$K with a spectral index of $1.62\pm0.11$
(assuming a single modified blackbody), and a significant amount of free-free
emission at intermediate frequencies of 20-60$\,$GHz, which corresponds to a
star formation rate of around $0.12$M$_\odot\,$yr$^{-1}$. We find a
$2.3\,\sigma$ detection of the presence of spinning dust emission, with a
30$\,$GHz amplitude of $0.7\pm0.3\,$Jy, which is in line with expectations from
our Galaxy.Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The Three Dimensional Thirring Model for $N_{f}=4$ and $N_{f}=6$

We present Monte Carlo simulation results for the three dimensional Thirring model for numbers of fermion flavors N_f=4 and 6. For N_f=4 we find a second order chiral symmetry breaking transition at strong coupling, corresponding to an ultra-violet fixed point of the renormalisation group defining a non-trivial continuum limit. The critical exponents extracted from a fit to a model equation of state are distinct from those found for N_f=2. For N_f=6, in contrast, we present evidence for tunnelling between chirally symmetric and broken vacua at strong coupling, implying that the phase transition is first order and no continuum limit exists. The implications for the phase diagram of the model in the plane of coupling strength and N_f are briefly discussed
Quantum geometry of the universal hypermultiplet

The universal hypermultiplet moduli space metric in the type-IIA superstring theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold is related to integrable systems. The instanton corrections in four dimensions arise due to multiple wrapping of BPS membranes and fivebranes around certain (supersymmetric) cycles of Calabi-Yau. The exact (non-perturbative) metrics can be calculated in the special cases of (i) the D-instantons (or the wrapped D2-branes) in the absence of fivebranes, and (ii) the fivebrane instantons with vanishing charges, in the absence of D-instantons. The solutions of the first type are governed by the three-dimensional Toda equation, whereas the solutions of the second type are governed by the particular Painleve VI equation
S-Duality in N=4 Yang-Mills Theories with General Gauge Groups,

't Hooft construction of free energy, electric and magnetic fluxes, and of
the partition function with twisted boundary conditions, is extended to the
case of $N=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories based on arbitrary compact,
simple Lie groups. The transformation of the fluxes and the free energy under
S-duality is presented. We consider the partition function of $N=4$ for a
particular choice of boundary conditions, and compute exactly its leading
infrared divergence. We verify that this partition function obeys the
transformation laws required by S-duality. This provides independent evidence
in favor of S-duality in $N=4$ theories.Comment: 39 pages, NYU-TH-94/12/1, IFUM/488/FT, CPTH-A347-01/95, RI-12-9
Six-Dimensional Supergravity on S^3 X AdS_3 and 2d Conformal Field
  Theory

In this paper we study the relation between six-dimensional supergravity
compactified on S^3 X AdS_3 and certain two-dimensional conformal field
theories. We compute the Kaluza-Klein spectrum of supergravity using
representation theory; these methods are quite general and can also be applied
to other compactifications involving anti-de Sitter spaces. A detailed
comparison between the spectrum of the two-dimensional conformal field theory
and supergravity is made, and we find complete agreement. This applies even at
the level of certain non-chiral primaries, and we propose a resolution to the
puzzle of the missing states recently raised by Vafa. As a further illustration
of the method the Kaluza-Klein spectra of F-theory on M^6 X S^3 X AdS_3 and of
M-theory on M^6 X S^2 X AdS_3 are computed, with M^6 some Calabi-Yau manifold.Comment: 32 pages, LaTeX; minor corrections, reference adde