pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Non-Markovian quantum feedback networks I : Quantum transmission lines, lossless bounded real property and limit Markovian channels

The purpose of this paper is to set out the problems of modeling quantum communication and signal processing where the communication between systems is via a non-Markovian channel. This is a general feature of quantum transmission lines. The purpose of this paper is to set out the problems of modeling quantum communication and signal processing where the communication between systems is via a non-Markovian channel. This is a general feature of quantum transmission lines. Our ultimate objective is to extend the network rules that have been developed for Markovian models. To this end we recall the Hamiltonian description of such non-Markov models of transmission lines and their quantization. These have occurred in the context of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, but our interest is in the transmission lines as carriers of information rather than heat baths. We show that there is an analytic scattering matrix associated with these models and that stability may be formulated in terms of the lossless bounded real property. Noting that the input and output fields do not separately satisfy a non-self-demolition principle, we discuss the rigorous limit in which such models appear Markov and so amenable to standard approaches of quantum filtering and control.authorsversionPeer reviewe
A CRISPR/Cas9 mediated point mutation in the alpha 6 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor confers resistance to spinosad in Drosophila melanogaster.

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Open Access funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilSpinosad, a widely used and economically important insecticide, targets the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) of the insect nervous system. Several studies have associated loss of function mutations in the insect nAChR α6 subunit with resistance to spinosad, and in the process identified this particular subunit as the specific target site. More recently a single non-synonymous point mutation, that does not result in loss of function, was identified in spinosad resistant strains of three insect species that results in an amino acid substitution (G275E) of the nAChR α6 subunit. The causal role of this mutation has been called into question as, to date, functional evidence proving its involvement in resistance has been limited to the study of vertebrate receptors. Here we use the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing platform to introduce the G275E mutation into the nAChR α6 subunit of Drosophila melanogaster. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of the mutation in Dα6 transcripts of mutant flies and verified that it does not disrupt the normal splicing of the two exons in close vicinity to the mutation site. A marked decrease in sensitivity to spinosad (66-fold) was observed in flies with the mutation compared to flies of the same genetic background minus the mutation, clearly demonstrating the functional role of this amino acid substitution in resistance to spinosad. Although the resistance levels observed are 4.7-fold lower than exhibited by a fly strain with a null mutation of Dα6, they are nevertheless predicated to be sufficient to result in resistance to spinosad at recommended field rates. Reciprocal crossings with susceptible fly strains followed by spinosad bioassays revealed G275E is inherited as an incompletely recessive trait, thus resembling the mode of inheritance described for this mutation in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. This study both resolves a debate on the functional significance of a target-site mutation and provides an example of how recent advances in genome editing can be harnessed to study insecticide resistance.This work was, in part, funded by a research grant (BB/G023352/1) from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK to CB
Interplay of oxidative, nitrosative/nitrative stress, inflammation, cell death and autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. Diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction also underscores the development of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Despite the broad availability of antidiabetic therapy, glycemic control still remains a major challenge in the management of diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia triggers formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), activates protein kinase C, enhances polyol pathway, glucose autoxidation, which coupled with elevated levels of free fatty acids, and leptin have been implicated in increased generation of superoxide anion by mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidoreductase in diabetic vasculature and myocardium. Superoxide anion interacts with nitric oxide forming the potent toxin peroxynitrite via diffusion limited reaction, which in concert with other oxidants triggers activation of stress kinases, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1-dependent cell death, dysregulates autophagy/mitophagy, inactivates key proteins involved in myocardial calcium handling/contractility and antioxidant defense, activates matrix metalloproteinases and redox-dependent pro-inflammatory transcription factors (e.g. nuclear factor kappaB) promoting inflammation, AGEs formation, eventually culminating in myocardial dysfunction, remodeling and heart failure. Understanding the complex interplay of oxidative/nitrosative stress with pro-inflammatory, metabolic and cell death pathways is critical to devise novel targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy, which will be overviewed in this brief synopsis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Autophagy and protein quality control in cardiometabolic diseases
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV in the single-lepton final state using the sum of masses of large-radius jets

Results are reported from a search for supersymmetric particles in proton-proton collisions in the final state with a single, high transverse momentum lepton, multiple jets, including at least one b-tagged jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search focuses on processes leading to high jet multiplicities, such as gluino pair production with $\tilde{g} →t\overline{t}_{\tilde{x}_{1}^{0}}$. The quantity $M_{J}$ , defined as the sum of the masses of the large-radius jets in the event, is used in conjunction with other kinematic variables to provide discrimination between signal and background and as a key part of the background estimation method. The observed event yields in the signal regions in data are consistent with those expected for standard model backgrounds, estimated from control regions in data. Exclusion limits are obtained for a simplified model corresponding to gluino pair production with three-body decays into top quarks and neutralinos. Gluinos with a mass below 1600 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for scenarios with low $\tilde{x}_{1}^{0}$ mass, and neutralinos with a mass below 800 GeV are excluded for a gluino mass of about 1300 GeV. For models with two-body gluino decays producing on-shell top squarks, the excluded region is only weakly sensitive to the top squark mass
The InterLACE study: Design, data harmonization and characteristics across 20 studies on women’s health

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Maturitas and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.021Objectives\ud
The International Collaboration for a Life Course Approach to Reproductive Health and Chronic Disease Events (InterLACE) project is a global research collaboration that aims to advance understanding of women’s reproductive health in relation to chronic disease risk by pooling individual participant data from several cohort and cross-sectional studies. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of contributing studies and to present the distribution of demographic and reproductive factors and chronic disease outcomes in InterLACE.\ud
Study design\ud
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InterLACE is an individual-level pooled study of 20 observational studies (12 of which are longitudinal) from ten countries. Variables were harmonized across studies to create a new and systematic synthesis of life-course data.\ud
Main outcome measures\ud
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Harmonized data were derived in three domains: 1) socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, 2) female reproductive characteristics, and 3) chronic disease outcomes (cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes).\ud
Results\ud
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InterLACE pooled data from 229,054 mid-aged women. Overall, 76% of the women were Caucasian and 22% Japanese; other ethnicities (of 300 or more participants) included Hispanic/Latin American (0.2%), Chinese (0.2%), Middle Eastern (0.3%), African/black (0.5%), and Other (1.0%). The median age at baseline was 47 years (Inter-quartile range (IQR): 41-53), and that at the last follow-up was 56 years (IQR: 48-64). Regarding reproductive characteristics, half of the women (49.8%) had their first menstruation (menarche) at 12-13 years of age. The distribution of menopausal status and the prevalence of chronic disease varied considerably among studies. At baseline, most women (57%) were pre- or peri-menopausal, 20% reported a natural menopause (range 0.8-55.6%) and the remainder had had surgery or were taking hormones. By the end of follow-up, the prevalence rates of CVD and diabetes were 7.2% (range 0.9-24.6%) and 5.1% (range 1.3-13.2%), respectively.\ud
Conclusions\ud
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The scale and heterogeneity of InterLACE data provide an opportunity to strengthen evidence concerning the relationships between reproductive health through life and subsequent risks of chronic disease, including cross-cultural comparisons
British Universities: International Students' Alleged Lack of Critical Thinking

This paper investigates British academics' perception of international students' alleged lack of critical thinking and poor writing performance. This research is relevant to those students and academics expected to demonstrate competences required for acceptance in the English speaking academic environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate in detail those factors that make British academics devalue academic material written in English as a second language. Using literature review and literature analysis as research methods, the authors present a detailed summary of problems associated with international students' performance in the UK universities and conclude with a set of practical recommendations for Russian speaking students and academics
Openness and isolation: The trade performance of the former Soviet Central Asian countries

AbstractPrevious studies divide the former Soviet Central Asian countries (CACs) into “more open” (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) and “more isolationist” (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) depending on their trade-to-GDP ratio. We investigate this by gravity analysis measuring contributions of country-specific properties and networking factors in 185 bilateral CACs trade flows over the period 1995–2011. Our findings suggest that while all CACs have experienced growing trade over the period, they show considerable variety in initial conditions and transition reforms. The more isolationist countries have mostly relied on fortuitous factors such as hikes in natural resource prices to boost their trade, whereas the more open, reform-minded states have achieved considerable trade growth through reducing trade costs. Being an open or isolationist economy has resulted, respectively, in more or less suitable environment for business and investment
Effect of Electrically Inactive Phosphorus Versus Electrically Active Phosphorus Oniron Gettering

AbstractIn this study we investigate the efficacy of iron gettering as a function of electrically inactive phosphorus in the emitter in combination with low temperature annealing steps. To achieve different amounts of electrically inactive phosphorus in the emitter a highly doped PSG produced emitter with a large plateau depth of electrical active phosphorus is etched back stepwise by a wet-chemical procedure. Therewith we achieve a gradual reduction in electrically inactive phosphorus with small changes in electrically active phosphorus (ΔRsh < 4 Ω/sq). After this step, the wafers with different emitters have been annealed at 700°C for 30 min and the content of Feiin the bulk has been measured using QSS-PC. The results show, (i) that for higher amounts of electrically inactive phosphorusa stronger iron gettering effect can be observed and (ii) that an additional annealing step leads to a significant change of Fei. This means, (i) that anelectricallyinactive phosphorus concentration dependence for iron gettering is observed and (ii) additional annealing steps, below the usual diffusion temperature of phosphorus, can be used to reduce interstitial iron in highly contaminated wafers further
Carbon isotopes of graphite: Implications on fluid history

AbstractStable carbon isotope geochemistry provides important information for the recognition of fundamental isotope exchange processes related to the movement of carbon in the lithosphere and permits the elaboration of models for the global carbon cycle. Carbon isotope ratios in fluid-deposited graphite are powerful tools for unravelling the ultimate origin of carbon (organic matter, mantle, or carbonates) and help to constrain the fluid history and the mechanisms involved in graphite deposition. Graphite precipitation in fluid-deposited occurrences results from CO2- and/or CH4-bearing aqueous fluids. Fluid flow can be considered as both a closed (without replenishment of the fluid) or an open system (with renewal of the fluid by successive fluid batches). In closed systems, carbon isotope systematics in graphite is mainly governed by Rayleigh precipitation and/or by changes in temperature affecting the fractionation factor between fluid and graphite. Such processes result in zoned graphite crystals or in successive graphite generations showing, in both cases, isotopic variation towards progressive 13C or 12C enrichment (depending upon the dominant carbon phase in the fluid, CO2 or CH4, respectively). In open systems, in which carbon is episodically introduced along the fracture systems, the carbon systematics is more complex and individual graphite crystals may display oscillatory zoning because of Rayleigh precipitation or heterogeneous variations of δ13C values when mixing of fluids or changes in the composition of the fluids are the mechanisms responsible for graphite precipitation
New challenge of the public buildings: Nzeb findings from IEE RePublic-ZEB Project

Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs) have received increased attention in recent years as a result of constant concerns for energy supply constraints, decreasing energy resources, increasing energy costs and rising impact of greenhouse gases on world climate. The EPBD recast directive [1] requests all new buildings to meet higher levels of performance than before, by exploring more the alternative energy supply systems available locally on a cost-efficiency basis and without prejudicing the occupants' comfort. To this end, after 2020, all new buildings should become "nearly zero-energy" and after 31 December 2018, the same requirement is applied for new buildings occupied and owned by public authorities. Furthermore, the EPBD recast states that MS must ensure that minimum energy performance requirements for buildings are set with a view to achieving cost-optimal levels according to the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 244/2012 of 16 January 2012. In this context, the authors of this paper, who are participants in the recent started European project RePublic-ZEB, are willing to share the initial findings from ongoing research work. Public buildings constitute a specific class of buildings that require a complex analysis from the statistic point of view taking into consideration the definition and typologies and other specific parameters related with. Thus, this paper will focus on the analysis of public building stocks in the countries covered by the project consortium with the view to define relevant parameters characterizing the reference public buildings that will be considered in the further analysis regarding the assessment of cost-effective packages of solutions towards nZEB levels of performance. A review of nZEB holistic approach, definitions and existing implemented policies in the participant countries, will be presented as well. © 2015 The Authors.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Supersymmetry for gauged double field theory and generalised Scherk–Schwarz reductions

AbstractPrevious constructions of supersymmetry for double field theory have relied on the so-called strong constraint. In this paper, the strong constraint is relaxed and the theory is shown to possess supersymmetry once the generalised Scherk–Schwarz reduction is imposed. The equivalence between the generalised Scherk–Schwarz reduced theory and the gauged double field theory is then examined in detail for the supersymmetric theory. As a biproduct we write the generalised Killing spinor equations for the supersymmetric double field theory
Dynamics of the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect in Au+Au collisions at s=200 AGeV

AbstractWe study the role played by the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal (LPM) effect in relativistic collisions of hadrons and heavy nuclei, within a parton cascade model. We find that the LPM effect strongly affects the gluon multiplication due to radiation and considerably alters the spacetime evolution of the dynamics of the collision. It ensures a multiplicity distribution of hadrons in agreement with the experimental proton–proton data. We study the production of single photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions and find that the inclusion of LPM suppression leads to a reduction in the single photon yield at small and intermediate transverse momenta. The parton cascade calculation of the single photon yield including the LPM effect is shown to be in good agreement with the recent PHENIX data taken at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
On the day–night effect and CC to NC event rate ratio predictions for the SNO detector

AbstractDetailed predictions for the DN asymmetry for the Super-Kamiokande experiment, as well as for the full night and core DN asymmetries in the solar neutrino induced CC event rate and the day and night ratios of the CC and NC event rates, measured in the SNO experiment, are derived in the cases of the LMA MSW and LOW solutions of the solar neutrino problem. The indicated observables for the SNO experiment are calculated for two values of the threshold (effective) kinetic energy of the final state electron in the CC reaction on deuterium: Te,th=6.75 MeV and 5.0 MeV. The possibilities to further constrain the regions of the LMA MSW and LOW solutions of the solar neutrino problem by using the forthcoming SNO data on the DN asymmetry and on the CC to NC event rate ratio are also discussed
Would raising the total cholesterol diagnostic cut-off from 7.5 mmol/L to 9.3 mmol/L improve detection rate of patients with monogenic familial hypercholesterolaemia?

AbstractA previous report suggested that 88% of individuals in the general population with total cholesterol (TC) > 9.3 mmol/L have familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of 4896 UK civil servants, mean (SD) age 44 (±6) years, using next generation sequencing to achieve a comprehensive genetic diagnosis. 25 (0.5%) participants (mean age 49.2 years) had baseline TC > 9.3 mmol/L, and overall we found an FH-causing mutation in the LDLR gene in seven (28%) subjects. The detection rate increased to 39% by excluding eight participants with triglyceride levels over 2.3 mmol/L, and reached 75% in those with TC > 10.4 mmol/L. By extrapolation, the detection rate would be ∼25% by including all participants with TC > 8.6 mmol/L (2.5 standard deviations from the mean). Based on the 1/500 FH frequency, 30% of all FH-cases in this cohort would be missed using the 9.3 mmol/L cut-off. Given that an overall detection rate of 25% is considered economically acceptable, these data suggest that a diagnostic TC cut-off of 8.6 mmol/L, rather than 9.3 mmol/L would be clinically useful for FH in the general population
Data for accelerated degradation of calcium phosphate surface-coated polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/bioactive glass composite scaffolds

AbstractPolycaprolactone (PCL)-based composite scaffolds containing 50wt% of 45S5 bioactive glass (45S5) or strontium-substituted bioactive glass (SrBG) particles were fabricated into scaffolds using melt-extrusion based additive manufacturing technique. Additionally, the PCL scaffolds were surface coated with a layer of calcium phosphate (CaP). For a comparison of the scaffold degradation, the scaffolds were then subjected to in vitro accelerated degradation by immersion in 5M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for up to 7 days. The scaffold׳s morphology was observed by means of SEM imaging and scaffold mass loss was recorded over the experimental period
Mitochondrial Protein Lipoylation and the 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex Controls HIF1α Stability in Aerobic Conditions

SummaryHypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) control adaptation to low oxygen environments by activating genes involved in metabolism, angiogenesis, and redox homeostasis. The finding that HIFs are also regulated by small molecule metabolites highlights the need to understand the complexity of their cellular regulation. Here we use a forward genetic screen in near-haploid human cells to identify genes that stabilize HIFs under aerobic conditions. We identify two mitochondrial genes, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) and lipoic acid synthase (LIAS), which when mutated stabilize HIF1α in a non-hydroxylated form. Disruption of OGDH complex activity in OGDH or LIAS mutants promotes L-2-hydroxyglutarate formation, which inhibits the activity of the HIFα prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and TET 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases. We also find that PHD activity is decreased in patients with homozygous germline mutations in lipoic acid synthesis, leading to HIF1 activation. Thus, mutations affecting OGDHC activity may have broad implications for epigenetic regulation and tumorigenesis