pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood-corrected interface discontinuity factors for multi-group pin-by-pin diffusion calculations for LWR

Performing three-dimensional pin-by-pin full core calculations based on an improved solution of the multi-group diffusion equation is an affordable option nowadays to compute accurate local safety parameters for light water reactors. Since a transport approximation is solved, appropriate correction factors, such as interface discontinuity factors, are required to nearly reproduce the fully heterogeneous transport solution.\ud
Calculating exact pin-by-pin discontinuity factors requires the knowledge of the heterogeneous neutron flux distribution, which depends on the boundary conditions of the pin-cell as well as the local variables along the nuclear reactor operation. As a consequence, it is impractical to compute them for each possible configuration; however, inaccurate correction factors are one major source of error in core analysis when using multi-group diffusion theory.\ud
An alternative to generate accurate pin-by-pin interface discontinuity factors is to build a functional-fitting that allows incorporating the environment dependence in the computed values. This paper suggests a methodology to consider the neighborhood effect based on the Analytic Coarse-Mesh Finite Difference method for the multi-group diffusion equation. It has been applied to both definitions of interface discontinuity factors, the one based on the Generalized Equivalence Theory and the one based on Black-Box Homogenization, and for different few energy groups structures.\ud
Conclusions are drawn over the optimal functional-fitting and demonstrative results are obtained with the multi-group pin-by-pin diffusion code COBAYA3 for representative PWR configurations
Riding out of the storm: How to deal with the complexity of grid and cloud management

Over the last decade, Grid computing paved the way for a new level of large scale distributed systems. This infrastructure made it possible to securely and reliably take advantage of widely separated computational resources that are part of several different organizations. Resources can be incorporated to the Grid, building a theoretical virtual supercomputer. In time, cloud computing emerged as a new type of large scale distributed system, inheriting and expanding the expertise and knowledge that have been obtained so far. Some of the main characteristics of Grids naturally evolved into clouds, others were modified and adapted and others were simply discarded or postponed. Regardless of these technical specifics, both Grids and clouds together can be considered as one of the most important advances in large scale distributed computing of the past ten years; however, this step in distributed computing has came along with a completely new level of complexity. Grid and cloud management mechanisms play a key role, and correct analysis and understanding of the system behavior are needed. Large scale distributed systems must be able to self-manage, incorporating autonomic features capable of controlling and optimizing all resources and services. Traditional distributed computing management mechanisms analyze each resource separately and adjust specific parameters of each one of them. When trying to adapt the same procedures to Grid and cloud computing, the vast complexity of these systems can make this task extremely complicated. But large scale distributed systems complexity could only be a matter of perspective. It could be possible to understand the Grid or cloud behavior as a single entity, instead of a set of resources. This abstraction could provide a different understanding of the system, describing large scale behavior and global events that probably would not be detected analyzing each resource separately. In this work we define a theoretical framework that combines both ideas, multiple resources and single entity, to develop large scale distributed systems management techniques aimed at system performance optimization, increased dependability and Quality of Service (QoS). The resulting synergy could be the key 350 J. Montes et al. to address the most important difficulties of Grid and cloud management
Modelling wake effects in large wind farms in complex terrain: the problem, the methods and the issues

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods are used in this paper to predict the power production from entire wind farms in complex terrain and to shed some light into the wake flow patterns. Two full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes solvers for incompressible fluid flow, employing k − ϵ and k − ω turbulence closures, are used. The wind turbines are modeled as momentum absorbers by means of their thrust coefficient through the actuator disk approach. Alternative methods for estimating the reference wind speed in the calculation of the thrust are tested. The work presented in this paper is part of the work being undertaken within the UpWind Integrated Project that aims to develop the design tools for next generation of large wind turbines. In this part of UpWind, the performance of wind farm and wake models is being examined in complex terrain environment where there are few pre-existing relevant measurements. The focus of the work being carried out is to evaluate the performance of CFD models in large wind farm applications in complex terrain and to examine the development of the wakes in a complex terrain environment
Two-wavelength switching with a distributed-feed back semiconductor optical amplifier (DFBSOA)

Switching of a signal beam by another control beam at different wavelength is demonstrated experimentally using the optical bistability occurring in a 1.55 mm-distributed\ud
feedback semiconductor optical amplifier (DFBSOA) working in reflection. Counterclockwise (S-shaped) and reverse (clockwise) bistability are observed in the output of the control and the signal beam respectively, as the power of the input control signal is increased. With this technique\ud
an optical signal can be set in either of the optical input wavelengths by appropriate choice of the powers of the input signals. The switching properties of the DFBSOA are studied experimentally as the applied bias current is increased from below to above threshold and for different levels of optical power in the signal beam and different wavelength detunings between both input signals. Higher on-off extinction ratios, wider bistable loops and lower input power requirements for switching are obtained when the DFBSOA is operated slightly above its threshold value
Interpretation of the pressuremeter test using numerical models based on deformation tensor equations

The pressuremeter test in boreholes has proven itself as a useful tool in geotechnical explorations, especially comparing its results with those obtained from a mathematical model ruled by a soil representative constitutive equation. The numerical model shown in this paper is aimed to be the reference framework for the interpretation of this test. The model analyses variables such as: the type of response, the initial state, the drainage regime and the constitutive equations. It is a model of finite elements able to work with a mesh without deformation or one adapted to it
Comparison of Airborne Laser Scanning Methods for Estimating Forest Structure Indicators Based on Lorenz Curves

The purpose of this study was to compare a number of state-of-the-art methods in airborne laser scan- ning (ALS) remote sensing with regards to their capacity to describe tree size inequality and other indi- cators related to forest structure. The indicators chosen were based on the analysis of the Lorenz curve: Gini coefficient ( GC ), Lorenz asymmetry ( LA ), the proportions of basal area ( BALM ) and stem density ( NSLM ) stocked above the mean quadratic diameter. Each method belonged to one of these estimation strategies: (A) estimating indicators directly; (B) estimating the whole Lorenz curve; or (C) estimating a complete tree list. Across these strategies, the most popular statistical methods for area-based approach (ABA) were used: regression, random forest (RF), and nearest neighbour imputation. The latter included distance metrics based on either RF (NN–RF) or most similar neighbour (MSN). In the case of tree list esti- mation, methods based on individual tree detection (ITD) and semi-ITD, both combined with MSN impu- tation, were also studied. The most accurate method was direct estimation by best subset regression, which obtained the lowest cross-validated coefficients of variation of their root mean squared error CV(RMSE) for most indicators: GC (16.80%), LA (8.76%), BALM (8.80%) and NSLM (14.60%). Similar figures [CV(RMSE) 16.09%, 10.49%, 10.93% and 14.07%, respectively] were obtained by MSN imputation of tree lists by ABA, a method that also showed a number of additional advantages, such as better distributing the residual variance along the predictive range. In light of our results, ITD approaches may be clearly inferior to ABA with regards to describing the structural properties related to tree size inequality in for- ested areas
Special issue on real-time computer vision in smart cities

According to United Nations, more than half of the population of the Earth now lives in urban areas. The need to rethink the city in efficient and modern ways, including new actors in the scene such as automatic decision makers, has motivated plenty of national and international initiatives to foster ICT research and innovation in this field. For the European Union, the sustainable development of urban areas is a challenge of key importance: it requires new, efficient, and user-friendly technologies and services, thus becoming one of the main topics within the European Research Programme “Horizon 2020”
Strength of polycrystalline coarse-grained platinum to 330 GPa13; and of nanocrystalline platinum to 70 GPa from high-pressure13; x-ray diffraction data

X-ray diffraction patterns from platinum foil (300 nm grain size) have been recorded up to 330 GPa using a beveled-anvil diamond cell. The compressive strength has been determined from the analysis of the diffraction linewidths. In a separate set of experiments, coarse-grained platinum powder (300 nm grain size) is compressed up to 64 GPa in a diamond anvil cell with 300 xB5;m flat-face anvils and diffraction patterns are recorded. The strengths as functions of pressure derived in the two sets of experiments agree well. The strength increases linearly from 0.21(2) GPa at zero pressure to 9.8(4) GPa at a pressure of 330 GPa. The nanocrystalline platinum sample (20 nm average grain size) exhibits much higher strength and increases linearly from 3.0(1) to 8.0(3) GPa as the pressure is increased from zero pressure to 70 GPa. The grain size of nanocrystalline sample decreases with increasing pressure. The effect of nonhydrostatic compression on the pressures determined with platinum as a pressure marker in high-pressure x-ray diffraction studies is discussed
Internal conversion and summing effects in heavy-nuclei spectroscopy

Expérience GANIL, spectrometre LISEInternal conversion of low-energy nuclear transitions occurs with a high probability in heavy nuclei. After the emission of the conversion electron, a cascade of X-rays, Auger or Coster–Krönig electrons takes place. In $\alpha$-decay experiments in which the nuclei of interest are implanted into a silicon detector, these atomic processes contribute to the detected energy. To understand the distortions of $\alpha$-particle energy spectra, knowledge of the various atomic yields is required. Using state-of-the-art calculations, new atomic yields are computed in $_99$Es and compared to those available in the literature. Detailed simulations of the $^{251}_{101}$Md $\alpha$ decay are performed and compared to experimental data. Possible ways to discriminate between the available atomic yields are also discussed
Dietary and lifestyle determinants of acrylamide and glycidamide hemoglobin adducts in non-smoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort

Purpose Acrylamide was classified as 'probably carcinogenic' to humans in 1994 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In 2002, public health concern increased when acrylamide was identified in starchy, plant-based foods, processed at high temperatures. The purpose of this study was to identify which food groups and lifestyle variables were determinants of hemoglobin adduct concentrations of acrylamide (HbAA) and glycidamide (HbGA) in 801 non-smoking postmenopausal women from eight countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Methods Biomarkers of internal exposure were measured in red blood cells (collected at baseline) by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) . In this cross-sectional analysis, four dependent variables were evaluated: HbAA, HbGA, sum of total adducts (HbAA + HbGA), and their ratio (HbGA/HbAA). Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to identify determinants of the four outcome variables. All dependent variables (except HbGA/HbAA) and all independent variables were log-transformed (log2) to improve normality. Median (25th-75th percentile) HbAA and HbGA adduct levels were 41.3 (32.8-53.1) pmol/g Hb and 34.2 (25.4-46.9) pmol/g Hb, respectively. Results The main food group determinants of HbAA, HbGA, and HbAA + HbGA were biscuits, crackers, and dry cakes. Alcohol intake and body mass index were identified as the principal determinants of HbGA/HbAA. The total percent variation in HbAA, HbGA, HbAA + HbGA, and HbGA/HbAA explained in this study was 30, 26, 29, and 13 %, respectively. Conclusions Dietary and lifestyle factors explain a moderate proportion of acrylamide adduct variation in non-smoking postmenopausal women from the EPIC cohort
Prognosis of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: Retrospective Multicenter Analysis

PURPOSE:
To calculate the rate and timing of conversion from ocular myasthenia gravis to generalized myasthenia gravis.
DESIGN:
Retrospective multicenter analysis.
SUBJECTS:
Patients included in the study were diagnosed with ocular myasthenia gravis without the presence of generalized disease at onset.
METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective multicenter analysis. We reviewed charts of 158 patients who met diagnostic criteria for ocular myasthenia gravis. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups: an immunosuppressant treatment group and a nonimmunosuppressant treatment group. Timing of conversion to generalized disease and duration of follow-up also was evaluated. Additional data such as clinical symptoms at presentation, laboratory test results, and chest imaging results also were recorded.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Conversion rates to generalized myasthenia at 2 years, effect of immunosuppression on conversion, and timing of conversion.
RESULTS:
The 158-patient cohort included 76 patients who received immunosuppressant therapy; the remaining 82 patients did not. The overall conversion rate to generalized disease was 20.9%. At 2 years, generalized myasthenia developed in 8 of 76 patients in the treated group and in 15 of 82 patients in the nonimmunotherapy group (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-1.32). Median time for conversion to generalized disease was 20 months in the nonimmunosuppressant group and 24 months in the immunosuppressant group. Conversion occurred after 2 years of symptom onset in 30% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
Conversion rates from ocular to generalized myasthenia gravis may be lower than previously reported both in immunosuppressed and nonimmunosuppressed patients. A subset of patients may continue to convert to generalized disease beyond 2 years from onset of symptoms, and close monitoring should be continued.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Structural and thermal behavior of compact core-shell nanoparticles: Core instabilities and dynamic contributions to surface thermal stability

Producción CientíficaAn orbital-free density-functional-theory molecular dynamics technique is applied to investigate the minimum-energy structure and meltinglike transition of Cs55, Li13Na32Cs42, and Li55Cs42 nanoparticles. Icosahedral packing is found to be optimal for homogeneous Cs55, as expected. Heterogeneous particles show a complete segregation of Cs atoms to the cluster surface, and form perfect core-shell structures, that is, structures where each atomic species occupies and completes a different concentric atomic shell. For Li13Na32Cs42, the size mismatch between atomic species forming different shells leads to polyicosahedral packing. For Li55Cs42, however, the size mismatch is huge and perfect polyicosahedral ordering is frustrated, resulting in more complex structural behavior. The three clusters investigated share the same surface shell, formed by 42 Cs atoms, and comparison of their melting behaviors helps to rationalize the increased thermal stability of the cluster surface upon alloying. Cs55 melts homogeneously at approximately 85 K. Both Li13Na32Cs42 and Li55Cs42 show a substantial thermal stability, compared to Cs55 and other alloy compositions where a perfect core-shell structure does not appear. We demonstrate that an important contribution to this increased thermal stability in the nanoalloys comes from the large difference in the atomic masses of the constituent particles, which results in a poor coupling of atomic vibrations along the radial direction. We also give arguments to show that the meltinglike transition in these clusters is triggered by the thermal instability of interior rather than surface atoms. Segregation of Cs atoms to the cluster surface is fully maintained in the liquid state, so that core and surface shells form two inmiscible liquid layers
Application of process mapping for digitization of mechanical parts with 3D laser scanner

This work presents a systematization method for digitization of mechanical parts with threedimensional
(3D) laser scanner using the process mapping method. The application involves the use of the
IDEFØ methodology of process mapping to address the sequence of steps required to obtain the computer-aided
design (CAD) model of the measured part. The variables involved in the setup and measurement with 3D laser
scanner were investigated and applied to regular and free-form parts, and the parameter geometry, texture, light
reflection and procedure of data acquisition were considered in the analysis. The software commands used to
create the CAD models were also included and the ones related to mesh and surface creation were detailed. The
systematized measurement planning was graphi graphically presented, and it proved useful to operators during
the digitization process
Convergence of a semi-discrete numerical method for a class of nonlocal nonlinear wave equations

In this article, we prove the convergence of a semi-discrete numerical method applied to a general class of nonlocal nonlinear wave equations where the nonlocality is introduced through the convolution operator in space. The most important characteristic of the numerical method is that it is directly applied to the nonlocal equation by introducing the discrete convolution operator. Starting from the continuous Cauchy problem defined on the real line, we first construct the discrete Cauchy problem on a uniform grid of the real line. Thus the semi-discretization in space of the continuous problem gives rise to an infinite system of ordinary differential equations in time. We show that the initial-value problem for this system is well-posed. We prove that solutions of the discrete problem converge uniformly to those of the continuous one as the mesh size goes to zero and that they are second-order convergent in space. We then consider a truncation of the infinite domain to a finite one. We prove that the solution of the truncated problem approximates the solution of the continuous problem when the truncated domain is sufficiently large. Finally, we present some numerical experiments that confirm numerically both the expected convergence rate of the semi-discrete scheme and the ability of the method to capture finite-time blow-up of solutions for various convolution kernels
Influence of draw restraining force on the springback in advanced high strength steels

Abstract  Draw beads are used in sheet metal forming processes to regulate material flow and achieve higher quality in the parts. The draw beads impose draw restraining force on the blank which eliminates defects such as wrinkling, tearing and reduces springback. In a draw-bend test, the draw restraining force is imitated by the back force applied through a hydraulic ram. As the back force increases, large strain is induced which reduces springback tendency. This study evaluates the influence of back force on the springback behavior in advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Three grades of dual-phase steel, namely DP600, DP800, DP980, are used with normalized back forces ranging from 0.5 to 1.1. The springback decreases as the back force increases. Anticlastic curvature as well as curl radius has significant influence on the springback behavior of dual phase steels.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0020-
Organic solutes in  Rubrobacter xylanophilus : the first example of di- myo -inositol-phosphate in a thermophile

Abstract  The thermophilic and halotolerant nature of Rubrobacter xylanophilus led us to investigate the accumulation of compatible solutes in this member of the deepest lineage of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Trehalose and mannosylglycerate (MG) were the major compounds accumulated under all conditions examined, including those for optimal growth. The addition of NaCl to a complex medium and a defined medium had a slight or negligible effect on the accumulation of these compatible solutes. Glycine betaine, di-myo-inositol-phosphate (DIP), a new phosphodiester compound, identified as di-N-acetyl-glucosamine phosphate and glutamate were also detected but in low or trace levels. DIP was always present, except at the highest salinity examined (5% NaCl) and at the lowest temperature tested (43°C). Nevertheless, the levels of DIP increased with the growth temperature. This is the first report of MG and DIP in an actinobacterium and includes the identification of the new solute di-N-acetyl-glucosamine phosphate.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00792-007-0084-
Optimal discrimination of quantum states with a fixed rate of inconclusive outcomes

We present the solution to the problem of optimally discriminating among quantum states, i.e., identifying the states with maximum probability of success when a certain fixed rate of inconclusive answers is allowed. By varying the inconclusive rate, the scheme optimally interpolates between unambiguous and minimum error discrimination, the two standard approaches to quantum state discrimination. We introduce a very general method that enables us to obtain the solution in a wide range of cases and give a complete characterization of the minimum discrimination error as a function of the rate of inconclusive answers. A critical value of this rate is identified that coincides with the minimum failure probability in the cases where unambiguous discrimination is possible and provides a natural generalization of it when states cannot be unambiguously discriminated. The method is illustrated on two explicit examples: discrimination of two pure states with arbitrary prior probabilities and discrimination of trine states