pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the 5 iron golf swing when hitting for maximum distance

Most previous research on golf swing mechanics has focused on the driver club. The aim of this study was to identify the kinematic factors that contribute to greater hitting distance when using the 5 iron club. Three-dimensional marker coordinate data were collected (250 Hz) to calculate joint kinematics at eight key swing events, while a swing analyser measured club swing and ball launch characteristics. Thirty male participants were assigned to one of two groups, based on their ball launch speed (high: 52.9 + 2.1 m +- s71; low: 39.9 + 5.2 m +- s71). Statistical analyses were used to identify variables that differed significantly between the two groups. Results showed significant differences were evident between the two groups for club face impact point and a number of joint angles and angular velocities, with greater shoulder flexion and less left shoulder internal rotation in the backswing, greater extension angular velocity in both shoulders at early downswing, greater left shoulder adduction angular velocity at ball contact, greater hip joint movement and X Factor angle during the downswing, and greater left elbow extension early in the downswing appearing to contribute to greater hitting distance with the 5 iron club
A framework for redescription set construction

Redescription mining is a field of knowledge discovery that aims at finding different descriptions of similar subsets of instances in the data. These descriptions are represented as rules inferred from one or more disjoint sets of attributes, called views. As such, they support knowledge discovery process and help domain experts in formulating new hypotheses or constructing new knowledge bases and decision support systems. In contrast to previous approaches that typically create one smaller set of redescriptions satisfying a pre-defined set of constraints, we introduce a framework that creates large and heterogeneous redescription set from which user/expert can extract compact sets of differing properties, according to its own preferences. Construction of large and heterogeneous redescription set relies on CLUS-RM algorithm and a novel, conjunctive refinement procedure that facilitates generation of larger and more accurate redescription sets. The work also introduces the variability of redescription accuracy when missing values are present in the data, which significantly extends applicability of the method. Crucial part of the framework is the redescription set extraction based on heuristic multi-objective optimization procedure that allows user to define importance levels towards one or more redescription quality criteria. We provide both theoretical and empirical comparison of the novel framework against current state of the art redescription mining algorithms and show that it represents more efficient and versatile approach for mining redescriptions from data
Forced assembly by multilayer coextrusion to create oriented graphene reinforced polymer nanocomposites

A potential advantage of platelet-like nanofillers as nanocomposite reinforcements is the possibility of achieving two-dimensional stiffening through planar orientation of the platelets. The ability to achieve improved properties through in-plane orientation of the platelets is a challenge and, here, we present the first results of using forced assembly to orient graphene nanoplatelets in poly(methyl methacrylate)/ polystyrene (PMMA/PS) and PMMA/PMMA multilayer films produced through multilayer coextrusion. The films exhibited a multilayer structure made of alternating layers of polymer and polymer containing graphene as evidenced by electron microscopy. Significant single layer reinforcement of 118% at a concentration of 2 wt % graphene was achieveddhigher than previously reported reinforcement for randomly dispersed graphene. The large reinforcement is attributed to the planar orientation of the graphene in the individual polymer layers. Anisotropy of the stiffening was also observed and attributed
to imperfect planar orientation of the graphene lateral to the extrusion flow
Infrared spectra of methyl isocyanate isolated in Ar, Xe and N2 matrices

The infrared spectra of methyl isocyanate monomer isolated in cryogenic argon, xenon and nitrogen matrices were studied. Interpretation of the experimental results was supported by harmonic and anharmonic calculations carried out at the DFT, MP2 and CCSD levels of approximation. Spectral indicators of the molecule structural flexibility were examined, the most striking of these being the multiplet structure of the most intense infrared band due to the antisymmetric stretching vibration of the NCO group. The observed quadruplet, spanning over the frequency range of nearly 100 cm−1, between 2350 and 2250 cm−1, was interpreted in terms of coupling with the low frequency torsion of the methyl group
Linked sucrose synthase genes in group-7 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A cDNA library from developing wheat endosperm was screened for sucrose-synthase clones using a maize cDNA probe corresponding to the Sh1 locus under non-stringent conditions. Five positive clones were isolated and initially classified into two types on the basis of their relative ability to hybridize with the probe and of their partial restriction maps. Determination of the nucleotide sequences indicated homology between the two types of wheat clones, with type 1 showing higher homology to the maize Sh1 locus than to type-2 sequences. The inserts cloned in plasmids pST8 (type 1) and pST3 (type 2) were used as probes to determine the chromosomal locations of the two types of genes. DNAs from compensated nulli-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines of wheat cultivar Chinese Spring were cleaved with EcoRI and analysed in Southern blots. DNA segments of the two types were thus identified in the short arms of chromosomes 7A, 7D, and, possibly, 7B. The two types of linked loci have been designated Ss1 and Ss2, respectivel
An overview of the ciao multiparadigm language and program development environment and its design philosophy

We describe some of the novel aspects and motivations behind\ud
the design and implementation of the Ciao multiparadigm programming system. An important aspect of Ciao is that it provides the programmer with a large number of useful features from different programming paradigms and styles, and that the use of each of these features can be turned on and off at will for each program module. Thus, a given module may be using e.g. higher order functions and constraints, while another module may be using objects, predicates, and concurrency. Furthermore, the language is designed to be extensible in a simple and modular way. Another important aspect of Ciao is its programming environment, which provides a powerful preprocessor (with an associated assertion language) capable of statically finding non-trivial bugs, verifying that programs comply with specifications, and performing many types of program optimizations. Such optimizations produce code that is highly competitive with other dynamic languages or, when the highest levéis of optimization are used, even that of static languages, all while retaining the interactive development environment of a dynamic language. The environment also includes a powerful auto-documenter. The paper provides an informal overview of the language and program development environment. It aims at illustrating the design philosophy rather than at being exhaustive, which would be impossible in the format of a paper, pointing instead to the existing literature on the system
A bi-cubic transformation for the numerical evaluation of the Cauchy principal value integrals in boundary methods

The numerical strategies employed in the evaluation of singular integrals existing in the Cauchy principal value (CPV) sense are, undoubtedly, one of the key aspects which remarkably affect the performance and accuracy of the boundary element method (BEM). Thus, a new procedure, based upon a bi-cubic co-ordinate transformation and oriented towards the numerical evaluation of both the CPV integrals and some others which contain different types of singularity is developed. Both the ideas and some details involved in the proposed formulae are presented, obtaining rather simple and-attractive expressions for the numerical quadrature which are also easily embodied into existing BEM codes. Some illustrative examples which assess the stability and accuracy of the new formulae are included
Multiple proportion case-basing driven CBRE and its application in the evaluation of possible failure of firms

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a unique tool for the evaluation of possible failure of firms (EOPFOF) for its eases of interpretation and implementation. Ensemble computing, a variation of group decision in society, provides a potential means of improving predictive performance of CBR-based EOPFOF. This research aims to integrate bagging and proportion case-basing with CBR to generate a method of proportion bagging CBR for EOPFOF. Diverse multiple case bases are first produced by multiple case-basing, in which a volume parameter is introduced to control the size of each case base. Then, the classic case retrieval algorithm is implemented to generate diverse member CBR predictors. Majority voting, the most frequently used mechanism in ensemble computing, is finally used to aggregate outputs of member CBR predictors in order to produce final prediction of the CBR ensemble. In an empirical experiment, we statistically validated the results of the CBR ensemble from multiple case bases by comparing them with those of multivariate discriminant analysis, logistic regression, classic CBR, the best member CBR predictor and bagging CBR ensemble. The results from Chinese EOPFOF prior to 3 years indicate that the new CBR ensemble, which significantly improved CBRs predictive ability, outperformed all the comparative methods
Optimum semiconductor bandgaps in single junction and multijunction thermophotovoltaic converters

The choice of the optimum semiconductor for manufacturing thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells is not straightforward. In contrast to conventional solar photovoltaics (PV) where the optimum semiconductor bandgap is determined solely by the spectrum (and eventually the irradiance) of the incident solar light, in a TPV converter it depends on the emitter temperature and on the spectral control elements determining the net spectral power flux between the TPV cell and the emitter. Additionally, in TPV converters there is a tradeoff between power density and conversion efficiency that does not exist in conventional solar PV systems. Thus, the choice of the proper semiconductor compound in TPV converters requires a thorough analysis that has not been presented so far. This paper presents the optimum semiconductor bandgaps leading to the maximum efficiency and power density in TPV converters using both single junction and multijunction TPV cells. These results were obtained within the framework of the detailed balance theory and assuming only radiative recombination. Optimal bandgaps are provided as a function of the emitter and cell temperature, as well as the degree of spectral control. I show that multijunction TPV cells are excellent candidates to maximize both the efficiency and the power density simultaneously, eliminating the historical tradeoff between efficiency and power density of TPV converters. Finally, multijunction TPV cells are less sensitive to photon recycling losses, which suggest that they can be combined with relatively simple cut-off spectral control systems to provide practically-viable high performing TPV devices
Is the reaction between formic acid and protonated aminomethanol a possible source of glycine precursors in the interstellar medium?

Producción CientíficaContext. One of the most interesting questions in interstellar chemistry concerns whether we can detect the basic building blocks of proteins in astronomical sources. In ascertaining whether amino acids could be possible interstellar molecules, a crucial point is how they could be synthesized in the interstellar medium.
Aims. We do a theoretical study of the ion-molecule reaction involving protonated aminomethanol and formic acid to establish its viability in space. This ion-molecule reaction has been proposed by other authors as a possible way to produce glycine in the interstellar medium.
Methods. The relevant stationary points on the potential energy surface of the reaction between protonated aminomethanol and formic acid have been theoretically studied by using ab initio methods. The second-order Moller-Plesset level was employed, in conjunction with the correlation-consistent polarized valence triple-zeta (cc-pVTZ) basis set. In addition, the electronic energies were refined by means of single-point calculations at the CCSD(T) level (coupled cluster single and double excitation model augmented with a non-iterative treatment of triple excitations) on the MP2/cc-pVTZ geometries with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set.
Results. Formation of protonated glycine is an exothermic process; however, the process presents a net activation barrier that makes this reaction unfeasible under interstellar conditions.
Conclusions. The reaction of protonated aminomethanol with formic acid does not seem to be a plausible source of interstellar glycine. This particular case is a clear example that a detailed study of the potential energy surface is needed to establish the relevance of a process in the interstellar medium.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Consistent collective decisions under majorities based on difference of votes

Producción CientíficaThe main criticism to the aggregation of individual preferences under majority rules refers to the possibility of reaching inconsistent collective decisions from the election process. In these cases, the collective preference includes cycles and even could prevent the election of any alternative as the collective choice. The likelihood of consistent outcomes under a class of majority rules constitutes the aim of this paper. Specifically, we focus on majority rules that require certain consensus in individual preferences to declare an alternative as the winner. Under majorities based on difference of votes, the requirement asks to the winner alternative to obtain a difference in votes with respect to the loser alternative taking into account that individuals are endowed with weak preference orderings. Same requirement is asked to the restriction of these rules to individual linear preferences.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO2012-32178) .Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ECO2012-34202
HD 172189: another step in furnishing one of the best laboratories known for asteroseismic studies

HD 172189 is a spectroscopic eclipsing binary system with a rapidly-rotating pulsating δ Scuti component. It is also a member of the open cluster IC 4756. These combined characteristics make it an excellent laboratory for asteroseismic studies. To date, HD 172189 has been analysed in detail photometrically but not spectroscopically. For this reason we have compiled a set of spectroscopic data to determine the absolute and atmospheric parameters of the components. We determined the radial velocities (RV) of both components using four different techniques. We disentangled the binary spectra using KOREL, and performed the first abundance analysis on both disentangled spectra. By combining the spectroscopic results and the photometric data, we obtained the component masses, 1.8 and 1.7 Mȯ, and radii, 4.0 and 2.4 Rȯ, for inclination i = 73.2°, eccentricity e = 0.28, and orbital period Π = 5.70198 days. Effective temperatures of 7600 K and 8100 K were also determined. The measured v sin i are 78 and 74 km s-1, respectively, giving rotational periods of 2.50 and 1.55 days for the components. The abundance analysis shows [Fe/H] = -0.28 for the primary (pulsating) star, consistent with observations of IC 4756. We also present an assessment of the different analysis techniques used to obtain the RVs and the global parameters
Social background and citizen-legislator congruence in candidate-centred systems

Legislatures are arenas where diverse policy preferences are honed into practical policy proposals. Given that legislative membership is a result of free democratic elections, there is an assumption that the attitudes and opinions of MPs are representative of the population as a whole. Thus, pre-legislative bargaining is founded on an unbiased sample of public opinion. However, considerable opinion incongruence exists between citizens and the political elite in many systems, potentially undermining this ideal democratic starting point for legislative business. Candidate-centred voting systems offer the potential to remedy this disconnect. While citizens tend to emphasise personal characteristics as an explanation for vote choice in one of the most candidate-centred systems in existence, PR-STV, the disconnect of opinion congruence between citizens and elites persists. This paper finds that citizens’ emphasis on MPs’ personal characteristics when choosing representatives causes significant opinion congruence between citizens and elites on a demographic basis, particularly for under-represented groups such as the women, younger citizens and those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, but aggregate congruence is undermined by the lack of demographic diversity among MPs
Does Inflation Solve the Hot Big Bang Model’s Fine Tuning Problems?

Cosmological inflation is widely considered an integral and empirically successful component of contemporary cosmology. It was originally motivated (and usually still is) by its solution of certain so-called fine-tuning problems of the hot big bang model, particularly what are known as the horizon problem and the flatness problem. Although the physics behind these problems is clear enough, the nature of the problems depends on the sense in which the hot big bang model is fine-tuned and how the alleged fine-tuning is problematic. Without clear explications of these, it remains unclear precisely what problems inflationary theory is meant to be solving and whether it does in fact solve them. I analyze the structure of these problems and consider various interpretations that may substantiate the alleged fine-tuning. On the basis of this analysis I argue that at present there is no unproblematic interpretation available for which it can be said that inflation solves the big bang model’s alleged fine-tuning problems
Thinking about populations and races in time

Biologists and philosophers have offered differing concepts of biological race. That is, they have offered different candidates for what a biological correlate of race might be; for example, races might be subspecies, clades, lineages, ecotypes, or genetic clusters. One thing that is striking about each of these proposals is that they all depend on a concept of population. Indeed, some authors have explicitly characterized races in terms of populations. However, including the concept of population into concepts of race raises three puzzles, all having to do with time. In this paper, I extend the causal interactionist population concept (CIPC) by introducing some simple assumptions about how to understand populations through time. These assumptions help to shed light on the three puzzles, and in the process show that if we want to understand races in terms of populations, we will need to revise our concept(s) of race
Under blood pressure : differentiated versus undifferentiated marketing to increase blood donations

Despite strong evidence in current marketing theory and practice that a differentiated marketing approach increases recruitment success, blood services worldwide often use undifferentiated marketing strategies to address new blood donors. Relying on the assumption that differentiated marketing is highly promising; the authors developed an online experiment among 838 participants who had not donated blood during the past 10 years. The experiment tested the effects of a differentiated in comparison to an undifferentiated marketing campaign on three marketing outcomes: (1) awareness, (2) intention, and (3) behavioral enactment. Surprisingly and in contrast with most marketing studies in the for-profit context, the results of the blood donation experiment suggest that differentiated marketing is not more effective than undifferentiated marketing. This finding has important implications for marketing strategies and actions of blood services.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12208-017-0174-
Surface proximity and boron concentration effects on end-of-range defect formation during nonmelt laser annealing

The effects of surface proximity and B concentration on end-of-range defect formation during nonmelt laser annealing in preamorphized silicon have been studied. These effects were analyzed by observing the activation and diffusion of an ultrashallow B implant, using Hall effect and secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements. By adjusting the preamorphizing implant and laser annealing conditions, B deactivation and diffusion were minimized, resulting in a sheet resistance of similar to 600 Omega/sq with a 16 nm junction depth. This is attributed to a combination of enhanced dissolution of end-of-range defects and preferential formation of B-interstitial clusters due to the surface proximity and high B concentration, respectively. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics
Multiscale statistical process control with multiresolution data

An approach is presented for conducting multiscale statistical process control that adequately integrates data at different resolutions (multiresolution data), called MR-MSSPC. Its general structure is based on Bakshi's MSSPC framework designed to handle data at a single resolution. Significant modifications were introduced in order to process multiresolution information. The main MR-MSSPC features are presented and illustrated through three examples. Issues related to real world implementations and with the interpretation of the multiscale covariance structure are addressed in a fourth example, where a CSTR system under feedback control is simulated. Our approach proved to be able to provide a clearer definition of the regions where significant events occur and a more sensitive response when the process is brought back to normal operation, when it is compared with previous approaches based on single resolution data. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.1080