pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Probing the $Wtb$ vertex structure in $t$-channel single-top-quark
  production and decay in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}}=8$ TeV with the
  ATLAS detector

To probe the $Wtb$ vertex structure, top-quark and $W$-boson polarisation
observables are measured from $t$-channel single-top-quark events produced in
proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset
corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{-1}$, recorded with the
ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or
muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them
identified as likely to contain a $b$-hadron. Stringent selection requirements
are applied to discriminate $t$-channel single-top-quark events from
background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in
angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes
appropriately chosen for the top quark and the $W$ boson. The asymmetry
measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular
distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the
background contributions. The measured top-quark and $W$-boson polarisation
values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the
imaginary part of the anomalous coupling $g_{\mathrm{R}}$ are also set from
model-independent measurements.Comment: 48 pages in total, author list starting page 32, 10 figures, 5
  tables. Submitted to JHEP. All figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-17
Isolated and syndromic retinal dystrophy caused by biallelic mutations in RCBTB1, a gene implicated in ubiquitination

Inherited retinal dystrophies (iRDs) are a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous conditions resulting from mutations in over 250 genes. Here, homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a consanguineous family revealed a homozygous missense mutation, c.973C>T (p.His325Tyr), in RCBTB1. In affected individuals, it was found to segregate with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), goiter, primary ovarian insufficiency, and mild intellectual disability. Subsequent analysis of WES data in different cohorts uncovered four additional homozygous missense mutations in five unrelated families in whom iRD segregates with or without syndromic features. Ocular phenotypes ranged from typical RP starting in the second decade to chorioretinal dystrophy with a later age of onset. The five missense mutations affect highly conserved residues either in the sixth repeat of the RCC1 domain or in the BTB1 domain. A founder haplotype was identified for mutation c.919G>A (p.Val307Met), occurring in two families of Mediterranean origin. We showed ubiquitous mRNA expression of RCBTB1 and demonstrated predominant RCBTB1 localization in human inner retina. RCBTB1 was very recently shown to be involved in ubiquitination, more specifically as a CUL3 substrate adaptor. Therefore, the effect on different components of the CUL3 and NFE2L2 (NRF2) pathway was assessed in affected individuals' lymphocytes, revealing decreased mRNA expression of NFE2L2 and several NFE2L2 target genes. In conclusion, our study puts forward mutations in RCBTB1 as a cause of autosomal-recessive non-syndromic and syndromic iRD. Finally, our data support a role for impaired ubiquitination in the pathogenetic mechanism of RCBTB1 mutations
Measurement of the CP-violating weak phase ϕs and the decay width difference ΔΓs using the Bs0→J/ψϕ(1020) decay channel in pp collisions at √ s=8 TeV

The CP-violating weak phase φs of the Bs0 meson and the decay width difference ϕΓs of the Bs0 light and heavy mass eigenstates are measured with the CMS detector at the LHC using a data sample of Bs0→J/ψϕ(1020)→μ+μ-K+K- decays. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. A total of 49 200 reconstructed Bs0 decays are used to extract the values of φs and ΔΓs by performing a time-dependent and flavour-tagged angular analysis of the μ+μ-K+K- final state. The weak phase is measured to be ϕs=-0.075±0.097(stat)±0.031(syst) rad, and the decay width difference is ΔΓs=0.095±0.013(stat)±0.007(syst) ps-1We gratefully acknowledge the computing centres and personnel of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MOST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES and CSF (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); MoER, ERC IUT and ERDF (Estonia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NIH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); MSIP and NRF (Republic of Korea); LAS (Lithuania); MOE and UM (Malaysia); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MBIE (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan); MSHE and NSC (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Dubna); MON, RosAtom, RAS and RFBR (Russia); MESTD (Serbia); SEIDI and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); ThEPCenter, IPST, STAR and NSTDA (Thailand); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); NASU and SFFR (Ukraine); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).
Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and  (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technolo-gie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS programme of the Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund; the Rachadapisek Sompot Fund for Post-doctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University (Thailand); and the Welch Foundatio
Search for a charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for a charged Higgs boson is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 ± 0.5 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8,TeV. The charged Higgs boson is searched for in top quark decays for mH± < mt − mb, and in the direct production pp → t(b)H± for mH± > mt − mb. The H± → τ±ντ and H± → tb decay modes in the final states τh+jets, μτh, ℓ+jets, and ℓℓ’ (ℓ =e, μ) are considered in the search. No signal is observed and 95% confidence level upper limits are set on the charged Higgs boson production. A model-independent upper limit on the product branching fraction (Formula presented.) is obtained in the mass range mH± = 80–160 GeV, while the upper limit on the cross section times branching fraction (Formula presented.) is set in the mass range mH+ = 180–600 GeV. Here, σ(pp → t(b)H±) stands for the cross section sum (Formula presented.), an upper limit on σ(pp → t(b)H±) of 2.0–0.13 pb is set for mH± = 180–600 GeV. The combination of all considered decay modes and final states is used to set exclusion limits in the mH±−tan β parameter space in different MSSM benchmark scenarios.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Transverse momentum spectra of inclusive b jets in pPb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

We present a measurement of b jet transverse momentum (pT) spectra in proton-lead (pPb) collisions using a dataset corresponding to about 35 nb-1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Jets from b quark fragmentation are found by exploiting the long lifetime of hadrons containing a b quark through tagging methods using distributions of the secondary vertex mass and displacement. Extracted cross sections for b jets are scaled by the effective number of nucleon-nucleon collisions and are compared to a reference obtained from pythia simulations of pp collisions. The pythia-based estimate of the nuclear modification factor is found to be 1.22±0.15(stat+syst pPb)±0.27(syst pythia) averaged over all jets with pT between 55 and 400 GeV/c and with |ηlab|<2. We also compare this result to predictions from models using perturbative calculations in quantum chromodynamics.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Forecasting wholesale electricity prices: A review of time series models

In this paper we assess the short-term forecasting power of different time series models in the electricity spot market. We calibrate autoregression (AR) models, including specifications with a fundamental (exogenous) variable - system load, to California Power Exchange (CalPX) system spot prices. Then we evaluate their point and interval forecasting performance in relatively calm and extremely volatile periods preceding the market crash in winter 2000/2001. In particular, we test which innovations distributions/processes - Gaussian, GARCH, heavy-tailed (NIG, alpha-stable) or non-parametric - lead to best predictions.
High speed machining modelling : SPH method capabilities

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method within the framework of high speed cutting modelling. First, a 2D SPH based model is carried out using the LS-DYNA® software. SPH is a meshless method, thus large material distortions that occur in the cutting problem are easily managed and SPH contact control allows a "natural" workpiece/chip separation. The developed SPH model proves its ability to account for continuous and shear localized chip formation and also correctly estimates the cutting forces, as illustrated in some orthogonal cutting examples. Then, The SPH model is used in order to improve the general understanding of machining with worn tools. At last, a milling model allowing the calculation of the 3D cutting forces is presented. The interest of the suggested approach is to be freed from classically needed machining tests: those are replaced by 2D numerical tests using the SPH model. The developed approach proved its ability to model the 3D cutting forces in ball end milling
How do we enhance undergraduate healthcare education in dementia? A review of the role of innovative approaches and development of the Time for Dementia Programme

<p>Objectives\ud
\ud
Traditional healthcare education, delivered through a series of time-limited clinical placements, often fails to deliver an understanding of the experiences of those with long-term conditions, a growing issue for healthcare systems. Responses include longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes allowing students' longer placements, continuity of contact and opportunities to learn about chronic illness and patient experience. We review their development and delivery in dementia and present the Time for Dementia (TFD) Programme, a novel 2-year interdisciplinary educational programme.</p> \ud
\ud
<p>Design\ud
\ud
The study design involves a scoping review of enhanced placements in dementia for healthcare professionals in training including longitudinal integrated clerkships and senior mentor programmes and a case study of the development of TFD and its evaluation.</p> \ud
\ud
<p>Results\ud
\ud
Eight enhanced programmes in dementia were identified and seven in the USA. None were compulsory and all lasted 12 months. All reported positive impact from case study designs but data quality was weak. Building on these, TFD was developed in partnership between the Alzheimer's Society, universities and NHS and made a core part of the curriculum for medical, nursing and paramedic students. Students visit a person with dementia and their family in pairs for 2 h every 3 months for 2 years. They follow a semi-structured interaction guide focusing on experiences of illness and services and complete reflective appraisals.</p> \ud
\ud
<p>Conclusions\ud
\ud
We need interprofessional undergraduate healthcare education that enables future healthcare professionals to be able to understand and manage the people with the long-term conditions who current systems often fail. TFD is designed to help address this need.</p
Coherent gamma photon generation in a Bose–Einstein condensate of135mCs

We have identified a mechanism of collective nuclear de-excitation in a Bose–Einstein condensate of 135Cs atoms in their isomeric state, 135mCs, suitable for the generation of coherent gamma photons. The process described here relies on coherence transfer from the Bose–Einstein condensate to the photon field, leading to collective decay triggered by spontaneous emission of a gamma photon. The mechanism differs from single-pass amplification, which cannot occur in atomic systems due to the nuclear recoil and the associated large shift between absorption and emission lines, nor does it require the large densities necessary for standard Dicke super-radiance. This overcomes the limitations that have been hindering the production of coherent gamma photons in many systems. Therefore, we propose an approach for generation of coherent gamma rays, which relies on a combination of well established techniques of nuclear and atomic physics, and can be realized with currently available technology
Elevated expression levels of microRNA-143/5 in saphenous vein smooth muscle cells from patients with type 2 diabetes drive persistent changes in phenotype and function

yesType 2 diabetes (T2DM) promotes premature atherosclerosis and inferior prognosis after arterial reconstruction. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) respond to patho/physiological stimuli, switching between quiescent contractile and activated synthetic phenotypes under the control of microRNAs (miRs) that regulate multiple genes critical to SMC plasticity. The importance of miRs to SMC function specifically in T2DM is unknown. This study was performed to evaluate phenotype and function in SMC cultured from non-diabetic and T2DM patients, to explore any aberrancies and investigate underlying mechanisms. Saphenous vein SMC cultured from T2DM patients (T2DM-SMC) exhibited increased spread cell area, disorganised cytoskeleton and impaired proliferation relative to cells from non-diabetic patients (ND-SMC), accompanied by a persistent, selective up-regulation of miR-143 and miR-145. Transfection of premiR-143/145 into ND-SMC induced morphological and functional characteristics similar to native T2DM-SMC; modulating miR-143/145 targets Kruppel-like factor 4, alpha smooth muscle actin and myosin VI. Conversely, transfection of antimiR-143/145 into T2DM-SMC conferred characteristics of the ND phenotype. Exposure of ND-SMC to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induced a diabetes-like phenotype; elevated miR-143/145, increased cell area and reduced proliferation. Furthermore, these effects were dependent on miR-143/145. In conclusion, aberrant expression of miR-143/145 induces a distinct saphenous vein SMC phenotype that may contribute to vascular complications in patients with T2DM, and is potentially amenable to therapeutic manipulation
Measurements of properties of the Higgs boson decaying into the four-lepton final state in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

Properties of the Higgs boson are measured in the $H \to ZZ \to 4\ell (\ell = e, \mu)$ decay channel. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $fb^{−1}$ is used. The signal strength modifier $\mu$, defined as the ratio of the observed Higgs boson rate in the $H \to ZZ \to 4 \ell$ decay channel to the standard model expectation, is measured to be $\mu = 1.05_{−0.17} \ ^{+0.19}$ at $m_ H$ = 125.09 GeV, the combined ATLAS and CMS measurement of the Higgs boson mass. The signal strength modifiers for the individual Higgs boson production modes are also measured. The cross section in the fiducial phase space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology is measured to be $2. 92_{−0.44} \ ^{+0.48}(stat)_{−0.24} \ ^{+0.28}(syst)fb$, which is compatible with the standard model prediction of $2.76 \pm 0.14 fb$. Differential cross sections are reported as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson, the number of associated jets, and the transverse momentum of the leading associated jet. The Higgs boson mass is measured to be $m_ H = 125.26 \pm 0.21$ GeV and the width is constrained using the on-shell invariant mass distribution to be $\tau_H < 1.10$ GeV, at 95% confidence level
Effect of time-varying flow-shear on the nonlinear stability of the boundary of magnetized toroidal plasmas

We propose a phenomenological yet general model in a form of extended complex Ginzburg-Landau equation to understand edge-localized modes (ELMs), a class of quasi-periodic fluid instabilities in the boundary of toroidal magnetized high-temperature plasmas. The model reproduces key dynamical features of the ELMs (except the final explosive relaxation stage) observed in the high-confinement state plasmas on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research: quasi-steady states characterized by field-aligned filamentary eigenmodes, transitions between different quasi-steady eigenmodes, and rapid transition to non-modal filamentary structure prior to the relaxation. It is found that the inclusion of time-varying perpendicular sheared flow is crucial for reproducing all of the observed dynamical features
Global non-potential magnetic models of the solar corona during the March 2015 eclipse.

Seven different models are applied to the same problem of simulating the Sun’s coronal magnetic field during the solar eclipse on 2015 March 20. All of the models are non-potential, allowing for free magnetic energy, but the associated electric currents are developed in significantly different ways. This is not a direct comparison of the coronal modelling techniques, in that the different models also use different photospheric boundary conditions, reflecting the range of approaches currently used in the community. Despite the significant differences, the results show broad agreement in the overall magnetic topology. Among those models with significant volume currents in much of the corona, there is general agreement that the ratio of total to potential magnetic energy should be approximately 1.4. However, there are significant differences in the electric current distributions; while static extrapolations are best able to reproduce active regions, they are unable to recover sheared magnetic fields in filament channels using currently available vector magnetogram data. By contrast, time-evolving simulations can recover the filament channel fields at the expense of not matching the observed vector magnetic fields within active regions. We suggest that, at present, the best approach may be a hybrid model using static extrapolations but with additional energization informed by simplified evolution models. This is demonstrated by one of the models
Computing vertex-surjective homomorphisms to partially reflexive trees.

A homomorphism from a graph GG to a graph HH is a vertex mapping f:VG→VHf:VG→VH such that f(u)f(u) and f(v)f(v) form an edge in HH whenever uu and vv form an edge in GG. The HH-Coloring problem is that of testing whether a graph GG allows a homomorphism to a given graph HH. A well-known result of Hell and Nešetřil determines the computational complexity of this problem for any fixed graph HH. We study a natural variant of this problem, namely the SurjectiveHH-Coloring problem, which is that of testing whether a graph GG allows a homomorphism to a graph HH that is (vertex-)surjective. We classify the computational complexity of this problem for when HH is any fixed partially reflexive tree. Thus we identify the first class of target graphs HH for which the computational complexity of SurjectiveHH-Coloring can be determined. For the polynomial-time solvable cases we show a number of parameterized complexity results, including in particular ones on graph classes with (locally) bounded expansion
A robust Bayesian approach to modelling epistemic uncertainty in common-cause failure models.

In a standard Bayesian approach to the alpha-factor model for common-cause failure, a precise Dirichlet prior distribution models epistemic uncertainty in the alpha-factors. This Dirichlet prior is then updated with observed data to obtain a posterior distribution, which forms the basis for further inferences.\ud
In this paper, we adapt the imprecise Dirichlet model of Walley to represent epistemic uncertainty in the alpha-factors. In this approach, epistemic uncertainty is expressed more cautiously via lower and upper expectations for each alpha-factor, along with a learning parameter which determines how quickly the model learns from observed data. For this application, we focus on elicitation of the learning parameter, and find that values in the range of 1 to 10 seem reasonable. The approach is compared with Kelly and Atwood's minimally informative Dirichlet prior for the alpha-factor model, which incorporated precise mean values for the alpha-factors, but which was otherwise quite diffuse.\ud
Next, we explore the use of a set of Gamma priors to model epistemic uncertainty in the marginal failure rate, expressed via a lower and upper expectation for this rate, again along with a learning parameter. As zero counts are generally less of an issue here, we find that the choice of this learning parameter is less crucial.\ud
Finally, we demonstrate how both epistemic uncertainty models can be combined to arrive at lower and upper expectations for all common-cause failure rates. Thereby, we effectively provide a full sensitivity analysis of common-cause failure rates, properly reflecting epistemic uncertainty of the analyst on all levels of the common-cause failure model
The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group.

Cellular information processing via reversible protein phosphorylation requires tight control of the localization, activity, and substrate specificity of protein kinases, which to a large extent is accomplished by complex formation with other proteins. Despite their critical role in cellular regulation and pathogenesis, protein interaction information is available for only a subset of the 518 human protein kinases. Here we present a global proteomic analysis of complexes of the human CMGC kinase group. In addition to subgroup-specific functional enrichment and modularity, the identified 652 high-confidence kinase-protein interactions provide a specific biochemical context for many poorly studied CMGC kinases. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a kinase-kinase subnetwork and candidate substrates for CMGC kinases. Finally, the presented interaction proteome uncovered a large set of interactions with proteins genetically linked to a range of human diseases, including cancer, suggesting additional routes for analyzing the role of CMGC kinases in controlling human disease pathways