pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Scalar–tensor theory of gravity carrying a conserved current

AbstractA general scalar–tensor theory of gravity carries a conserved current for a trace-free minimally coupled scalar field, under the condition that the potential V(ϕ) of the non-minimally coupled scalar field is proportional to the square of the parameter f(ϕ) that is coupled with the scalar curvature R. The conserved current relates the pair of arbitrary coupling parameters f(ϕ) and ω(ϕ) with the gravitational field variable, where ω(ϕ) is the Brans–Dicke coupling parameter. Thus fixing up the two arbitrary parameters by hand, it is possible to explore the symmetries and the form of conserved currents corresponding to standard and many different nonstandard models of gravity. To demonstrate how the presence of conserved current makes it easier to tackle the field equations a couple of homogeneous cosmological solutions are presented. Modification of such a general scalar–tensor theory of gravity with the introduction of higher-order curvature-invariant terms also admits the same conserved current, though under a different condition
Gluon fusion contribution to VHj production at hadron colliders

AbstractWe study the associated production of an electroweak vector boson and the Higgs boson with a jet via gluon–gluon fusion. At the leading order, these processes occur at one-loop level. The amplitudes of these one-loop processes are gauge invariant and finite. Therefore, their contributions towards the corresponding hadronic cross sections and kinematic distributions can be calculated separately. We present results for the Large Hadron Collider and its discussed upgrades. We find that the gluon–gluon one-loop process gives dominant contribution to the γHj production. We observe a destructive interference effect in the gg→ZHj amplitude. We also find that in the high transverse momentum and central rapidity region, the ZHj production cross section via gluon–gluon fusion becomes comparable to the cross section contributions coming from quark–quark and quark–gluon channels
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and Sensory Nerves and Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Projections

AbstractNeuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 bind differentially to different class 3 semaphorins and are thought to provide the ligand-binding moieties in receptor complexes mediating repulsive responses to these semaphorins. Here, we have studied the function of neuropilin-2 through analysis of a neuropilin-2 mutant mouse, which is viable and fertile. Repulsive responses of sympathetic and hippocampal neurons to Sema3F but not to Sema3A are abolished in the mutant. Marked defects are observed in the development of several cranial nerves, in the initial central projections of spinal sensory axons, and in the anterior commissure, habenulo-interpeduncular tract, and the projections of hippocampal mossy fiber axons in the infrapyramidal bundle. Our results show that neuropilin-2 is an essential component of the Sema3F receptor and identify key roles for neuropilin-2 in axon guidance in the PNS and CNS
On the Yang–Mills two-loop effective action with worldline methods

AbstractWe derive the two-loop effective action for covariantly constant field strength of pure Yang–Mills theory in the presence of an infrared scale. The computation is done in the framework of the worldline formalism, based on a generalization procedure of constructing multiloop effective actions in terms of the bosonic worldline path integral. The two-loop β-function is correctly reproduced. This is the first derivation in the worldline formulation, and serves as a non-trivial check on the consistency of the multiloop generalization procedure in the worldline formalism
The SNO solar neutrino data, neutrinoless double beta-decay and neutrino mass spectrum

AbstractAssuming 3-ν mixing and massive Majorana neutrinos, we analyze the implications of the results of the solar neutrino experiments, including the latest SNO data, which favor the LMA MSW solution of the solar neutrino problem with tan2θ⊙<1, for the predictions of the effective Majorana mass |〈m〉| in neutrinoless double beta-decay. Neutrino mass spectra with normal mass hierarchy, with inverted hierarchy and of quasi-degenerate type are considered. For cos2θ⊙≳0.26, which follows (at 99.73% C.L.) from the SNO analysis of the solar neutrino data, we find significant lower limits on |〈m〉| in the cases of quasi-degenerate and inverted hierarchy neutrino mass spectrum, |〈m〉|≳0.035 eV and |〈m〉|≳8.5×10−3 eV, respectively. If the spectrum is hierarchical the upper limit holds |〈m〉|≲8.2×10−3 eV. Correspondingly, not only a measured value of |〈m〉|≠0, but even an experimental upper limit on |〈m〉| of the order of few×10−2 eV can provide information on the type of the neutrino mass spectrum; it can provide also a significant upper limit on the mass of the lightest neutrino m1
Marginal Activity Access Cost (MAAC): A New Indicator for Sustainable Land Use/Transport (LUT) Planning

AbstractThe paper presents the ‘Marginal Activity Access Cost’, an accessibility indicator providing estimation in monetary terms of the impacts on mobility and on the environment of locating a single new activity in a specific zone of the urban area. In the first part of this paper, the new indicator is presented and compared to other accessibility indicators proposed in literature. In the second part, the MAAC is validated through an application to the urban area of Rome. The paper concludes with brief remarks on using the proposed accessibility indicator as index of performance for sustainable spatial planning
Massless conformal fields, AdS(d+1)/CFTd higher spin algebras and their deformations

AbstractWe extend our earlier work on the minimal unitary representation of SO(d,2) and its deformations for d=4,5 and 6 to arbitrary dimensions d. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the minrep of SO(d,2) and its deformations and massless conformal fields in Minkowskian spacetimes in d dimensions. The minrep describes a massless conformal scalar field, and its deformations describe massless conformal fields of higher spin. The generators of Joseph ideal vanish identically as operators for the quasiconformal realization of the minrep, and its enveloping algebra yields directly the standard bosonic AdS(d+1)/CFTd higher spin algebra. For deformed minreps the generators of certain deformations of Joseph ideal vanish as operators and their enveloping algebras lead to deformations of the standard bosonic higher spin algebra. In odd dimensions there is a unique deformation of the higher spin algebra corresponding to the spinor singleton. In even dimensions one finds infinitely many deformations of the higher spin algebra labelled by the eigenvalues of Casimir operator of the little group SO(d−2) for massless representations
Association of urinary biomarker COLL2-1NO2 with incident clinical and radiographic knee OA in overweight and obese women

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate the association between urinary biomarker Coll2-1NO2 (uColl2-1NO2) and incident knee OA after 2.5 years follow-up in middle-aged overweight and obese women at high risk for knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignData were used from PROOF, a randomized controlled trial with 2.5 years follow-up evaluating the preventive effects of a diet and exercise program and oral glucosamine sulphate (double blind and placebo controlled), on development of incident knee OA in women with body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 without signs of knee OA at baseline. Baseline and 2.5 years uColl2-1NO2 concentrations were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Primary outcome measure was incidence of knee OA in one or both knees, defined as incidence of either Kellgren & Lawrence grade ≥2, joint space narrowing of ≥1.0 mm or knee OA according to the combined clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria. We used binary logistic regression for the association analyses.Results254 women were available for analyses. At 2.5 years follow-up, incident knee OA was present in 72 of 254 women (28.3%). An inversed association was found between baseline uColl2-1NO2 and incident knee OA at 2.5 years (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55–0.99). The concentration at 2.5 years and the change in concentration over 2.5 years did not show significant associations with the outcome.ConclusionsIn overweight and obese middle-aged women, not higher but lower baseline uColl2-1NO2 concentration was significantly associated with an increased risk for incident knee OA. This interesting but counterintuitive outcome makes further validation of this biomarker warranted
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens Are Expressed in Syncytiotrophoblast and Trophoblast Debris Implications for Maternal Alloreactivity to the Fetus

The fetal semi-allograft can induce expansion and tolerance of antigen-specific maternal T and B cells through paternally inherited major histocompatibility complex and minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAgs). The effects of these antigens have important consequences on the maternal immune system both during and long after pregnancy. Herein, we investigate the possibility that the placental syncytiotrophoblast and deported trophoblastic debris serve as sources of fetal mHAgs. We mapped the expression of four mHAgs (human mHAg 1, pumilio domain-containing protein KIAA0020, B-cell lymphoma 2–related protein A1, and ribosomal protein S4, Y linked) in the placenta. Each of these proteins was expressed in several placental cell types, including the syncytiotrophoblast. These antigens and two additional Y chromosome–encoded antigens [DEAD box polypeptide 3, Y linked (DDX3Y), and lysine demethylase5D] were also identified by RT-PCR in the placenta, purified trophoblast cells, and cord blood cells. Finally, we used a proteomic approach to investigate the presence of mHAgs in the syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblast debris shed from first-trimester placenta. By this method, four antigens (DDX3Y; ribosomal protein S4, Y linked; solute carrier 1A5; and signal sequence receptor 1) were found in the syncytiotrophoblast, and one antigen (DDX3Y) was found in shed trophoblast debris. The finding of mHAgs in the placenta and in trophoblast debris provides the first direct evidence that fetal antigens are present in debris shed from the human placenta. The data, thus, suggest a mechanism by which the maternal immune system is exposed to fetal alloantigens, possibly explaining the relationship between parity and graft-versus-host disease
The lure of the island : a spatial analysis of power relations

An earlier draft of this paper was presented as the keynote address at the 8th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (ECRM),\ud
Valletta, Malta, June 2009.Islands – especially small ones – are now, unwittingly, the objects of what may be the\ud
most lavish, global and consistent branding exercise in human history. This paper draws on a\ud
post-structuralist perspective to propose an understanding of ‘‘the island lure’’ by disentangling\ud
and unpacking four, inter-related, constituent components of ‘islandness’. These components are themselves borrowed and adapted from a spatial analysis of power and power relations, and especially from Henri Lefebvre’s treatise on spaces of production. In its ontological approach, the paper offers a different critique of the representation of islands and island life.peer-reviewe
Tevatron Higgs mass bounds: Projecting U(1)′ models to LHC domain

We study Higgs boson masses in supersymmetric models with an extra U(1) symmetry to be called U(1)′. Such extra gauge symmetries are urged by the Μ problem of the MSSM, and they also arise frequently in low-energy supersymmetric models stemming from GUTs and strings.We analyze mass of the lightest Higgs boson and various other particle masses and couplings by taking into account the LEP bounds as well as the recent bounds from Tevatron experiments. We find that the Μ-problem motivated generic low-energy U(1)′ model yields Higgs masses as large as ~200 GeV and violate the Tevatron bounds for certain ranges of parameters. We analyze correlations among various model parameters, and determine excluded regions by both scanning the parameter space and by examining certain likely parameter values. We also make educated projections for LHC measurements in light of the Tevatron restrictions on the parameter space.We further analyze certain benchmark models stemming from E(6) breaking, and find that they elevate Higgs boson mass into Tevatron's forbidden band when U(1)′ gauge coupling takes larger values than the one corresponding to one-step GUT breaking. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK) via CERN-CMS Research Grant, and by the IYTE-BAP projec
Youth leadership development in virtual worlds : a case study

This paper discusses the impact of 'The Dream It. Do It Initiative' (D.I.D.I.), an informal learning program implemented in Teen Second Life (TSL), on leadership development. We found support for using TSL as a venue for leadership exploration. Specifically, we found that venturers became aware of the community issues in these worlds; they gained leadership skills such as teamwork, determination, and responsibility; and they learned how to use their mistakes to improve their projects. We conclude that virtual worlds, as "places for engagement", can indeed be used to help youth explore their leadership potential with support from parents and educators
Whole-mantle convection with tectonic plates preserves long-term global patterns of upper mantle geochemistry

The evolution of the planetary interior during plate tectonics is controlled by slow convection within the mantle. Global-scale geochemical differences across the upper mantle are known, but how they are preserved during convection has not been adequately explained. We demonstrate that the geographic patterns of chemical variations around the Earth’s mantle endure as a direct result of whole-mantle convection within largely isolated cells defined by subducting plates. New 3D spherical numerical models embedded with the latest geological paleo-tectonic reconstructions and ground-truthed with new Hf-Nd isotope data, suggest that uppermost mantle at one location (e.g. under Indian Ocean) circulates down to the core-mantle boundary (CMB), but returns within ≥100 Myrs via large-scale convection to its approximate starting location. Modelled tracers pool at the CMB but do not disperse ubiquitously around it. Similarly, mantle beneath the Pacific does not spread to surrounding regions of the planet. The models fit global patterns of isotope data and may explain features such as the DUPAL anomaly and long-standing differences between Indian and Pacific Ocean crust. Indeed, the geochemical data suggests this mode of convection could have influenced the evolution of mantle composition since 550 Ma and potentially since the onset of plate tectonics
The impact of alcohol consumption on patterns of union formation in Russia 1998–2010 : an assessment using longitudinal data

Research for this paper was funded by Economic and Social Research Council grant: ES/I903224/1.Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, 1998–2010, we investigated the extent to which patterns of alcohol consumption in Russia are associated with the subsequent likelihood of entry into cohabitation and marriage. Using discrete-time event history analysis we estimated for 16–50 year olds the extent to which the probabilities of entry into the two types of union were affected by the amount of alcohol drunk and the pattern of drinking, adjusted to allow for social and demographic factors including income, employment, and health. The results show that individuals who did not drink alcohol were less likely to embark on either cohabitation or marriage, that frequent consumption of alcohol was associated with a greater chance of entering unmarried cohabitation than of entering into a marriage, and that heavy drinkers were less likely to convert their relationship from cohabitation to marriage.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Search for new physics with dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is presented for extra spatial dimensions, quantum black holes, and quark contact interactions in measurements of dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at  s√=13s=13  TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 fb−1. The distributions are found to be in agreement with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics that include electroweak corrections. Limits for different contact interaction models are obtained. In a benchmark model, valid to next-to-leading order in QCD and in which only left-handed quarks participate, quark contact interactions are excluded up to a scale of 11.5 and 14.7 TeV for destructive or constructive interference, respectively. The production of quantum black holes is excluded for masses below 7.8 or 5.3 TeV, depending on the model. The lower limits for the scales of virtual graviton exchange in the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions are in the range 7.9–11.2 TeV, and are the most stringent set of limits available
Measurement of the underlying event activity using charged-particle jets in proton-proton collisions at √s=2.76 TeV

A measurement of the underlying event (UE) activity in proton-proton collisions is performed using events with charged-particle jets produced in the central pseudorapidity region (|ηjet| < 2) and with transverse momentum 1 ≤ pT jet < 100 GeV. The analysis uses a data sample collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The UE activity is measured as a function of pT jet in terms of the average multiplicity and scalar sum of transverse momenta (pT) of charged particles, with |η| < 2 and pT > 0.5 GeV, in the azimuthal region transverse to the highest pT jet direction. By further dividing the transverse region into two regions of smaller and larger activity, various components of the UE activity are separated. The measurements are compared to previous results at 0.9 and 7 TeV, and to predictions of several Monte Carlo event generators, providing constraints on the modelling of the UE dynamics.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for supersymmetry in events with soft leptons, low jet multiplicity, and missing transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV

Results are presented from a search for supersymmetric particles in scenarios with small mass splittings. The data sample corresponds to 19.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at s=8 TeV. The search targets top squark (t~) pair production in scenarios with mass differences δm=m(t~)-m(χ~10) below the W-boson mass and with top-squark decays in the four-body mode (t~→bℓνχ~10), where the neutralino (χ~10) is assumed to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The signature includes a high transverse momentum (pT) jet associated with initial-state radiation, one or two low-pT leptons, and significant missing transverse energy. The event yields observed in data are consistent with the expected background contributions from standard model processes. Limits are set on the cross section for top squark pair production as a function of the t~ and LSP masses. Assuming a 100% branching fraction for the four-body decay mode, top-squark masses below 316 GeV are excluded for δm=25 GeV at 95% CL. The dilepton data are also interpreted under the assumption of chargino-neutralino production, with subsequent decays to sleptons or sneutrinos. Assuming a difference between the common χ~1+/χ~20 mass and the LSP mass of 20 GeV and a τ-enriched decay scenario, masses in the range m(χ~1+)<307 GeV are excluded at 95% CL.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Hybrid binomial Langevin-multiple mapping conditioning modeling of a reacting mixing layer

A novel, stochastic, hybrid binomial Langevin-multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) model—that utilizes the strengths of each component—has been developed for inhomogeneous flows. The implementation has the advantage of naturally incorporating velocity-scalar interactions through the binomial Langevin model and using this joint probability density function (PDF) to define a reference variable for the MMC part of the model. The approach has the advantage that the difficulties encountered with the binomial Langevin model in modeling scalars with nonelementary bounds are removed. The formulation of the closure leads to locality in scalar space and permits the use of simple approaches (e.g., the modified Curl’s model) for transport in the reference space. The overall closure was evaluated through application to a chemically reacting mixing layer. The results show encouraging comparisons with experimental data for the first two moments of the PDF and plausible results for higher moments at a relatively modest computational cost
Laser Shock Microformingof Thin Metal Sheets with ns Lasers

Continuous and long-pulse lasers have been used for the forming of metal sheets in macroscopic mechanical applications. However, for the manufacturing of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), the use of ns laser pulses provides a suitable parameter matching over an important range of sheet components that, preserving the short interaction time scale required for the predominantly mechanical (shock) induction of deformation residual stresses, allows for the successful processing of components in a medium range of miniaturization without appreciable thermal deformation.. In the present paper, the physics of laser shock microforming and the influence of the different experimental parameters on the net bending angle are presented
Robust infraestructure design in rapid transit rail systems

Incidents and rolling stock breakdowns are commonplace in rapid transit rail systems and may disrupt the system performance imposing deviations from planned operations. A network design model is proposed for reducing the effect of disruptions less likely to occur. Failure probabilities are considered functions of the amount of services and the rolling stock’s routing on the designed network so that they cannot be calculated a priori but result from the design process itself. A two recourse stochastic programming model is formulated where the \ud
failure probabilities are an implicit function of the number of services and routing of the transit lines