pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Molecular pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma.

International audienceFocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign tumors that occur in otherwise normal liver parenchyma. FNH is considered to be the result of a hyperplastic response to increased blood flow secondary to vascular malformations. Most FNH are polyclonal and to date, the molecular pathway and mechanisms that are altered in FNH have yet to be elucidated. In contrast, HCAs are consistently monoclonal tumors, which have been divided up into three subtypes of tumors depending on the molecular alteration detected in the tumors: HNF1alpha inactivation, beta-catenin activation and/or an acute inflammatory response in the tumor. These molecular features are closely related to clinical and pathological characteristics, and one of the most critical correlations is the higher risk of malignant transformation for beta-catenin activated HCA cases. Moreover, various risk factors, such as oral contraception and obesity, are associated with HCA occurrence and may collaborate with constitutional genetic predisposition related to HNF1alpha or CYP1B1 germline mutations. Altogether, the recent identification of different molecular pathways that contribute to tumor development has significantly increased our knowledge of benign hepatocellular tumorigenesis. These findings may modify our clinical practice, particularly in the diagnosis and follow-up of HCA patients
Can the HOS model explain changes in labor shares? A tale of trade and wage rigidities

Ce Working Paper fait l'objet d'une publication in Economic Systems, Elsevier, 2017, 41 (4), pp.472 - 491. 〈10.1016/j.ecosys.2017.08.004〉. 〈hal-01680970〉This paper questions the ability of the standard HOS model to explain changes in the labor shares (LS) of income in OECD countries. We use the Davis (1998) model where there is a wage rigidity in a sub-group of countries. We show that trade openness with developing countries reduces LS in rigid-wage countries, and does not affect LS in free-wage countries. This pattern is induced by factor reallocation towards capital-intensive sectors in rigid-wage countries. Using the KLEMS dataset for 8 OECD countries over the period 1970-2005, we show that the weight of capital-intensive sectors substantially increased in Continental European countries, while it did not change or even decreased in the US and the UK. Fixed effects regressions suggest that trade intensity with China explains between 30% (IV estimates) and 60% (OLS estimates) of the observed differential labor share change between Continental Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries
Paleoproteomics explained to youngsters: how did the wedding of two-dimensional electrophoresis and protein sequencing spark proteomics on: Let there be light.

International audience: Taking the opportunity of the 20th anniversary of the word "proteomics", this young adult age is a good time to remember how proteomics came from enormous progress in protein separation and protein microanalysis techniques, and from the conjugation of these advances into a high performance and streamlined working setup. However, in the history of the almost three decades that encompass the first attempts to perform large scale analysis of proteins to the current high throughput proteomics that we can enjoy now, it is also interesting to underline and to recall how difficult the first decade was. Indeed when the word was cast, the battle was already won. This recollection is mostly devoted to the almost forgotten period where proteomics was being conceived and put to birth, as this collective scientific work will never appear when searched through the keyword "proteomics". BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this manuscript is to recall and review the two decades that separated the first attempts of performing large scale analysis of proteins from the solid technical corpus that existed when the word "proteomics" was coined twenty years ago. This recollection is made within the scientific historical context of this decade, which also saw the blossoming of DNA cloning and sequencing. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 20 years of Proteomics in memory of Viatliano Pallini. Guest Editors: Luca Bini , Juan J. Calvete, Natacha Turck, Denis Hochstrasser and Jean-Charles Sanchez
Intrusive projection methods with upwinding for uncertain nonlinear hyperbolic systems

International audienceThis paper deals with spectral stochastic methods for uncertainty propagation and quantification in nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. We consider problems with parametric uncertainty in initial conditions and model coefficients, whose solutions exhibit discontinuities in physical as well as in stochastic spaces. The spectral stochastic method relies on multi-resolution schemes with multi-wavelet or local polynomial bases. A Galerkin projection is used to derive a system of deterministic equations for the stochastic modes of the solution. Hyperbolicity of the resulting Galerkin system is analyzed. A finite volume scheme with a Roe-type solver is used for discretization in physical space and time. An original technique is introduced for the fast evaluation of approximate upwind matrices, which is particularly well adapted to local polynomial bases. Efficiency and robustness of the overall method are assessed on the Burgers and Euler equations with shocks
Clustering, host halos, and environment of            z ~ 2          galaxies as a function of their physical properties

International audienceUsing a sample of 25 683 star-forming and 2821 passive galaxies at z ~ 2, selected in the          COSMOS field following the BzK color criterion, we study the hosting halo mass and          environment of galaxies as a function of their physical properties. Spitzer          and Herschel allow us to obtain accurate star formation rate          estimates for starburst galaxies. We measure the autocorrelation and cross-correlation          functions of various galaxy subsamples and infer the properties of their hosting halos          using both a halo occupation model and the linear bias at large scale. We find that          passive and star-forming galaxies obey a similarly rising relation between the halo and          stellar mass. The mean host halo mass of star-forming galaxies increases with the star          formation rate between 30 M⊙ yr-1 and 200 M⊙ yr-1, but flattens for higher          values, except if we select only main-sequence galaxies. This reflects the expected          transition from a regime of secular coevolution of the halos and the galaxies to a regime          of episodic starburst. We find similar large-scale biases for main-sequence, passive, and          starburst galaxies at equal stellar mass, suggesting that these populations live in halos          of the same mass. However, we detect an excess of clustering on small scales for passive          galaxies and showed, by measuring the large-scale bias of close pairs of passive galaxies,          that this excess is caused by a small fraction (~16%) of passive galaxies being hosted by massive halos            (~3 ×              1013 M⊙) as satellites.          Finally, extrapolating the growth of halos hosting the z ~ 2 population, we show          that M⋆ ~              1010 M⊙ galaxies at            z ~ 2 will          evolve, on average, into massive (M⋆ ~              1011 M⊙), field galaxies in the          local Universe and M⋆ ~              1011 M⊙ galaxies at            z = 2 into          local, massive, group galaxies. We also identify two z ~ 2 populations which          should end up in today’s clusters: massive (>M⋆ ~              1011 M⊙), strongly star-forming            ( > 200              M⊙ yr-1), main-sequence galaxies, and          close pairs of massive, passive galaxies
Thiol groups controls on arsenite binding by organic matter: New experimental and modeling evidence

International audienceAlthough it has been suggested that several mechanisms can describe the direct binding ofAs(III) to organic matter (OM), more recently, the thiol functional group of humic acid (HA)was shown to be an important potential binding site for As(III). Isotherm experiments onAs(III) sorption to HAs, that have either been grafted with thiol or not, were thus conducted toinvestigate the preferential As(III) binding sites. There was a low level of binding of As(III) toHA, which was strongly dependent on the abundance of the thiols. Experimental datasetswere used to develop a new model (the modified PHREEQC-Model VI), which defines HA asa group of discrete carboxylic, phenolic and thiol sites. Protonation/deprotonation constantswere determined for each group of sites (pKA = 4.28 ± 0.03; ΔpKA = 2.13 ± 0.10; pKB = 7.11 ±0.26; ΔpKB = 3.52 ± 0.49; pKS = 5.82 ± 0.052; ΔpKS = 6.12 ± 0.12 for the carboxylic, phenolicand thiols sites, respectively) from HAs that were either grafted with thiol or not. The pKSvalue corresponds to that of single thiol-containing organic ligands. Two binding models weretested: the Mono model, which considered that As(III) is bound to the HA thiol site asmonodentate complexes, and the Tri model, which considered that As(III) is bound astridentate complexes. A simulation of the available literature datasets was used to validate2the Mono model, with log KMS = 2.91 ± 0.04, i.e. the monodentate hypothesis. This studyhighlighted the importance of thiol groups in OM reactivity and, notably, determined theAs(III) concentration bound to OM (considering that Fe is lacking or at least negligible) andwas used to develop a model that is able to determine the As(III) concentrations bound toOM
Analysis of index modulation in microembolic Doppler signals part I: radiation force as a new hypothesis-simulations.

International audienceThe purpose of this study was to reveal the cause of frequency modulation (FM) present in microembolic Doppler ultrasound signals. This novel explanation should help the development of sensitive microembolus discrimination techniques. We suggest that the frequency modulation detected is caused by the ultrasonic radiation force (URF) acting directly on microemboli. The frequency modulation and the imposed displacement were calculated using a numerical dynamic model. By setting simulation parameters with practical values, it was possible to reproduce most microembolic frequency modulation signatures. The most interesting findings in this study were that: (1) the ultrasound radiation force acting on a gaseous microembolus and its corresponding cumulative displacement were far higher than those obtained for a solid microembolus, and that is encouraging for discrimination purposes; and 2) the calculated frequency modulation indices (FMIs) (≈20 kHz) were in good agreement with literature results. By taking into account the URF, the flow pulsatility, the beam-to-flow angle and both the velocity and the ultrasound beam profiles, it was possible to explain all erratic FM signatures of a microbubble. Finally, by measuring FMI from simulated Doppler signals and by using a constant threshold of 1 KHz, it was possible to discriminate gaseous from solid microemboli with ease
Low-voltage-driven electromechanical effects of swollen liquid-crystal elastomers

We experimentally investigate, in detail, electromechanical effects in liquid-crystal elastomers (LCEs) previously swollen with low-molecular-weight liquid crystals (LMWLCs). Both polydomain (POLY) and monodomain (MONO) LCEs were studied. We used a well known LMWLC, 4-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) as a solvent. After swelling POLY and MONO LCEs (LSCE) with 5CB, shape changes were measured by recording the displacement of the edge of the swollen LCE at different voltages, V, and temperature. With 100  µm distance between electrodes, measurable shape changes (~1–20  µm) are observed with small voltages (V~0.5–10  V). In particular, we note that, compared to unswollen L(S)CEs, a dramatic ~200 times decrease of the threshold field was found for electromechanical effects in swollen L(S)CEs. While swollen MONO LCEs showed electromechanical effects in the planar geometry, homeotropic MONO swollen with homeotropically oriented 5CB did not. This is easy to understand because, in the homeotropic case, the liquid-crystal preferred axis is already aligned with the field so the field has no reorienting effect. The inverse of the response time when the field was switched on in both POLY and MONO was proportional to E2, which is the same field dependence as the response time of LMWLCs. When the field was switched off, the relaxation time showed a field dependence different from that of LMWLCs that we attribute to relaxation of the LCE network
Finite-Difference Modeling of Acoustic and Gravity Wave Propagation in Mars Atmosphere: Application to Infrasounds Emitted by Meteor Impacts

The propagation of acoustic and gravity waves in planetary atmospheres is strongly dependent on both wind conditions and attenuation properties. This study presents a finite-difference modeling tool tailored for acoustic-gravity wave applications that takes into account the effect of background winds, attenuation phenomena (including relaxation effects specific to carbon dioxide atmospheres) and wave amplification by exponential density decrease with height. The simulation tool is implemented in 2D Cartesian coordinates and first validated by comparison with analytical solutions for benchmark problems. It is then applied to surface explosions simulating meteor impacts on Mars in various Martian atmospheric conditions inferred from global climate models. The acoustic wave travel times are validated by comparison with 2D ray tracing in a windy atmosphere. Our simulations predict that acoustic waves generated by impacts can refract back to the surface on wind ducts at high altitude. In addition, due to the strong nighttime near-surface temperature gradient on Mars, the acoustic waves are trapped in a waveguide close to the surface, which allows a night-side detection of impacts at large distances in Mars plains. Such theoretical predictions are directly applicable to future measurements by the INSIGHT NASA Discovery mission
The genetic audiogenic seizure hamster from Salamanca: The GASH:Sal

Producción CientíficaGASH:Sal hamster strain and the control Syrian hamsters.
The GASH:Sal constitutes an experimental model of reflex epilepsy of audiogenic origin derived from an autosomal recessive disorder. Thus, the GASH:Sal exhibits generalized tonic–clonic seizures, characterized by a short latency period after auditory stimulation, followed by wild running, a convulsive phase, and finally stupor, with origin in the brainstem.
The seizure profile of the GASH:Sal is similar to those exhibited by other models of inherited AGS susceptibility, which decreases after six months of age, but the proneness across generations is maintained. The GASH:Sal can be considered a reliable model of audiogenic seizures, suitable to investigate current antiepileptic pharmaceutical treatments as well as novel therapeutic drugs
Human eccrine sweat gland cells can reconstitute a stratified epidermis

Eccrine sweat glands are generally considered to be a possible epidermal stem cell source. Here we compared the multilayered epithelia formed by epidermal keratinocytes and those formed by eccrine sweat gland cells. We demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo the capability of human eccrine sweat gland cells to form a stratified interfollicular epidermis substitute on collagen hydrogels. This is substantiated by the following findings: (1) a stratified epidermis consisting of 10-12 cell layers is formed by sweat gland cells; (2) a distinct stratum corneum develops and is maintained after transplantation onto immuno-incompetent rats; (3) proteins such as filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin, envoplakin, periplakin, and transglutaminases I and III match with the pattern of the normal human skin; (4) junctional complexes and hemidesmosomes are readily and regularly established; (5) cell proliferation in the basal layer reaches homeostatic levels; (6) the sweat gland-derived epidermis is anchored by hemidesmosomes within a well-developed basal lamina; and (7) palmo-plantar or mucosal markers are not expressed in the sweat gland-derived epidermis. These data suggest that human eccrine sweat glands are an additional source of keratinocytes that can generate a stratified epidermis. Our findings raise the question of the extent to which the human skin is repaired and/or permanently renewed by eccrine sweat gland cells
Energy harvesting from transverse galloping

Some elastic bluff bodies under the action of a fluid flow can experience transverse galloping and lose stability if the flow velocity exceeds a critical value. For flow velocities higher than this critical value, there is an energy transfer from the flow to the body and the body develops an oscillatory motion. Usually, it is considered as an undesirable effect for civil or marine structures but here we will show that if the vibration is substantial, it can be used to extract useful energy from the surrounding flow. This paper explores analytically the potential use of transverse galloping in order to obtain energy. To this end, transverse galloping is described by a one-degree-of-freedom model where fluid forces obey the quasi-steady hypothesis. The influence of cross-section geometry and mechanical properties in the energy conversion factor is investigated
Becoming global (un)civil society: counter-hegemonic struggle and the Indymedia network

In this article we ask how ‘civil society’ actors and organizations can become constructed and treated as ‘uncivil society’. We contest the notion that ‘uncivil’ necessarily equates with the dark qualities of violence and organized criminality. Instead, we take a Gramscian perspective in suggesting that what becomes ‘uncivil’ is any practice and organization that substantially contests the structuring enclosures of hegemonic order, of\ud
which civil society is a necessary part. To trace this, we consider ways in which a global grass-roots media network called Indymedia has established and maintained itself as a\ud
counter-hegemonic media-producing organization. In this case, a conscious positioning and self-identification as counter-hegemonic has been accompanied by the framing and sometimes violent policing of nodes and practices of this network as ‘uncivil’ by cooperating state authorities. This is in the absence of association of this network with organized violence or crime. We intend our reflections to contribute to a deepening theorization of the terms ‘civil’\ud
and ‘uncivil’ as they are becoming used in social movement and globalization studies
Big data: a normal accident waiting to happen?

Widespread commercial use of the internet has significantly increased the volume and scope of data being collected by organisations. ‘Big data’ has emerged as a term to encapsulate both the technical and commercial aspects of this growing data collection activity. To date, much of the discussion of big data has centred upon its transformational potential for innovation and efficiency, yet there has been less reflection on its wider implications beyond commercial value creation. This paper builds upon normal accident theory (NAT) to analyse the broader ethical implications of big data. It argues that the strategies behind big data require organisational systems that leave them vulnerable to normal accidents, that is to say some form of accident or disaster that is both unanticipated and inevitable. Whilst NAT has previously focused on the consequences of physical accidents, this paper suggests a new form of system accident that we label data accidents. These have distinct, less tangible and more complex characteristics and raise significant questions over the role of individual privacy in a ‘data society’. The paper concludes by considering the ways in which the risks of such data accidents might be managed or mitigated
Systematic analysis of direct-drive baseline designs for shock ignition with the Laser MégaJoule

We present direct-drive target design studies for the laser mégajoule using two distinct initial aspect ratios (A = 34 and A = 5). Laser pulse shapes are optimized by a random walk method and drive power variations are used to cover a wide variety of implosion velocities between 260 km/s and 365 km/s. For selected implosion velocities and for each initial aspect ratio, scaled-target families are built in order to find self-ignition threshold. High-gain shock ignition is also investigated in the context of Laser MégaJoule for marginally igniting targets below their own self-ignition threshold
Establishing Quercus ilex under Mediterranean dry conditions: sowing recalcitrant acorns versus planting seedlings at different depths and tube shelter light transmissions

Article\ud
New Forests\ud
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November 2015, Volume 46, Issue 5, pp 869-883\ud
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First online: 17 June 2015\ud
Establishing Quercus ilex under Mediterranean dry conditions: sowing recalcitrant acorns versus planting seedlings at different depths and tube shelter light transmissionsJuan A. OlietAffiliated withDepartamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Email author View author's OrcID profile , Alberto Vázquez de CastroAffiliated withDepartamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jaime PuértolasAffiliated withLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University\ud
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Get Access AbstractSuccess of Mediterranean dry areas restoration with oaks is a challenging goal. Testing eco-techniques that mimic beneficial effects of natural structures and ameliorate stress contributes to positive solutions to overcoming establishment barriers. We ran a factorial experiment in a dry area, testing two levels of solid wall transmission of tube shelters (60 and 80 %) plus a control mesh, and two depths (shallow and 15 cm depth) of placing either planted seedlings or acorns of Quercus ilex. Microclimate of the planting or sowing spots was characterized by measuring photosynthetically active radiation, temperature and relative humidity. Plant response was evaluated in terms of survival, phenology, acorn emergence and photochemical efficiency (measured through chlorophyll fluorescence). We hypothesize that tube shelters and deep planting improve Q. ilex post-planting and sowing performance because of the combined effects of reducing excessive radiation and improving access to moist soil horizons. Results show that temperature and PAR was reduced, and relative humidity increased, in deep spots. Midsummer photochemical efficiency indicates highest level of stress for oaks in 80 % light transmission shelter. Optimum acorn emergence in spring was registered within solid wall tree shelters, and maximum summer survival of germinants and of planted seedlings occurred when acorns or seedlings were placed at 15 cm depth irrespectively of light transmission of shelter. Survival of germinants was similar to that of planted seedlings. The importance of techniques to keep high levels of viability after sowing recalcitrant seeds in the field is emphasized in the stud