pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Approximate Probability Propagation with Mixtures of Truncated Exponentials*

Mixtures of truncated exponentials (MTEs) are a powerful alternative to discretisation when working with hybrid Bayesian networks. One of the features of the MTE model is that standard propagation algorithms can be used. However, the complexity of the process is too high and therefore approximate methods, which tradeoff complexity for accuracy, become necessary. In this paper we propose an approximate propagation algorithm for MTE networks which is based on the Penniless propagation method already known for discrete variables. We also consider how to use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to carry out the probability propagation. The performance of the proposed methods is analysed in a series of experiments with random networks
Measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the total transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

This paper describes measurements of the sum of the transverse energy of particles as a function of particle pseudorapidity, η, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy, s√=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the region |η| < 4.8 for two event classes: those requiring the presence of particles with a low transverse momentum and those requiring particles with a significant transverse momentum. In the second dataset measurements are made in the region transverse to the hard scatter. The distributions are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which generally tend to underestimate the amount of transverse energy at high |η|.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Search for light bosons in decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for decays beyond the standard model of the 125 GeV Higgs bosons to a pair of light bosons, based on models with extended scalar sectors. Light boson masses between 5 and 62.5 GeV are probed in final states containing four tau leptons, two muons and two b quarks, or two muons and two tau leptons. The results are from data in proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, accumulated by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. No evidence for such exotic decays is found in the data. Upper limits are set on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for several signal processes. The results are also compared to predictions of two-Higgs-doublet models, including those with an additional scalar singlet
Cystatin C and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

__Background__ Epidemiological studies show that high circulating cystatin C is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of creatinine-based renal function measurements. It is unclear whether this relationship is causal, arises from residual confounding, and/or is a consequence of reverse causation.  \ud
__Objectives__ The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization to investigate whether cystatin C is causally related to CVD in the general population.  \ud
__Methods__ We incorporated participant data from 16 prospective cohorts (n = 76,481) with 37,126 measures of cystatin C and added genetic data from 43 studies (n = 252,216) with 63,292 CVD events. We used the common variant rs911119 in CST3 as an instrumental variable to investigate the causal role of cystatin C in CVD, including coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, and heart failure.  \ud
__Results__ Cystatin C concentrations were associated with CVD risk after adjusting for age, sex, and traditional risk factors (relative risk: 1.82 per doubling of cystatin C; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56 to 2.13; p = 2.12 × 10−14). The minor allele of rs911119 was associated with decreased serum cystatin C (6.13% per allele; 95% CI: 5.75 to 6.50; p = 5.95 × 10−211), explaining 2.8% of the observed variation in cystatin C. Mendelian randomization analysis did not provide evidence for a causal role of cystatin C, with a causal relative risk for CVD of 1.00 per doubling cystatin C (95% CI: 0.82 to 1.22; p = 0.994), which was statistically different from the observational estimate (p = 1.6 × 10−5). A causal effect of cystatin C was not detected for any individual component of CVD.  \ud
__Conclusions__ Mendelian randomization analyses did not support a causal role of cystatin C in the etiology of CVD. As such, therapeutics targeted at lowering circulating cystatin C are unlikely to be effective in preventing CVD
Assessing the impact of diagenesis on δ 11 B, δ 13 C, δ 18 O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca values in fossil planktic foraminiferal calcite

The geochemical composition of foraminiferal tests is a valuable archive for the reconstruction of paleo-climatic, -oceanographic and -ecological changes. However, dissolution of biogenic calcite and precipitation of inorganic calcite (overgrowth and recrystallization) at the seafloor and in the sediment column can potentially alter the original geochemical composition of the foraminiferal test, biasing any resulting paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The δ11B of planktic foraminiferal calcite is a promising ocean pH-proxy but the effect of diagenesis is still poorly known. Here we present new δ11B, δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca data from multiple species of planktic foraminifera from time-equivalent samples for two low latitude sites: clay-rich Tanzanian Drilling Project (TDP) Site 18 from the Indian Ocean containing well-preserved (‘glassy’) foraminifera and carbonate-rich Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 865 from the central Pacific Ocean hosting recrystallized (‘frosty’) foraminifera. Our approach makes the assumption that environmental conditions were initially similar at both sites so most chemical differences are attributable to diagenesis. Planktic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C records show offsets in both relative and absolute values between the two sites consistent with earlier findings that these isotopic ratios are strongly influenced by diagenetic alteration. Sr/Ca and B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminiferal calcite are also offset between the two sites but there is little change in the relative difference between surface and deep dwelling taxa. In contrast, δ11B values indicate no large differences between well-preserved and recrystallized foraminifera suggesting that despite extensive diagenetic alteration the δ11B of biogenic calcite appears robust, potentially indicative of a lack of free exchange of boron between pore fluids and the recrystallizing CaCO3. Our finding may remove one potential source of uncertainty in δ11B based pH reconstructions and provide us with greater confidence in our ability to reconstruct pH in the ancient oceans from at least some recrystallized foraminiferal calcite. However, further investigations should extend this approach to test the robustness of our findings across a range of taphonomies, ages and burial settings
The Relationship Between Learning Styles, Creative Thinking\ud
Performance and Multimedia Learning Materials

This paper reports the findings of a research which looks at the influence of learning styles on engineering students’ creative thinking performance when multimedia learning tool is used. Taking into consideration the ubiquity of technology-based educational tool and its possible impact on students’ creative performance, a multimedia learning tool was developed for a group of mechanical engineering students based on a specific subject. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between students’ learning styles and their creative thinking after using the multimedia learning tool. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was used as the main instrument to measure students’ creative thinking before and after the multimedia learning tool was administered. The Index of Learning Style (ILS) was also used to identify students’ learning styles. The independent sample t- test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the TTCT scores with the learning styles dimensions. The findings indicate that active, reflective, intuitive and high visual students benefit creatively after using the multimedia learning tool
A spatiotemporal analysis of U.S. station temperature trends over the last century

This study presents a nonlinear spatio-temporal analysis of 1167 station temperature records from the United States Historical Climatology Network covering the period from 1898 through 2008. We use the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method to extract the generally nonlinear trends of each station. The statistical significance of each trend is assessed against three null models of the background climate variability, represented by stochastic processes of increasing temporal correlation length. We find strong evidence that more than 50 percent of all stations experienced a significant trend over the last century with respect to all three null models. A spatio-temporal analysis reveals a significant cooling trend in the South-East and significant warming trends in the rest of the contiguous US. It also shows that the warming trend appears to have migrated equatorward. This shows the complex spatio-temporal evolution of climate change at local scales
Managing Indian IT professionals for global competitiveness: the role of human resource practices in developing knowledge and learning capabilities for innovation

Little is known about how human resource practices contribute towards the competitiveness of people based-knowledge intensive organisations in developing countries. This paper examines the role of human resource practices in developing knowledge and learning capabilities for innovation in the Indian information technology services sector. The study draws from the experience of a sample of 11 of the largest information technology service providers (ITSPs) in India and is based on in-depth interviews. The main finding suggests that the talent management architecture of ITSPs that comprises human resource practices and the development of knowledge and learning capabilities is the main drivers of innovation. A conceptual framework showing the link between human resource practices, knowledge and learning capabilities and innovation of ITSPs is developed followed by the limitations of the study and avenues for future research
Perceived competition explains regional differences in stereotype content of immigrant groups

This research investigates differences in the stereotype content of immigrant groups between linguistic regions. We expected that immigrant groups who speak the local language of a specific linguistic region would be perceived as more competitive within this region than in another linguistic region. Further, we expected these differences would underlie regional differences in stereotype content, albeit only for the warmth dimension. Predictions were tested in the two largest linguistic regions of Switzerland. As expected, in the German-speaking region, locals perceived German immigrants as more competitive and thus as less warm, whereas in the French-speaking region, locals perceived French immigrants as more competitive and, consequently, as less warm. So, paradoxically, immigrants with strong integration potential are particularly disliked because they are regarded as direct competitors
Who posts performance bonds and why?: evidence from China's CEOs

Despite their theoretical value in tackling principal–agent problems at low cost to firms there is almost no empirical literature on the prevalence and correlates of performance bonds posted by corporate executives. We show that they are an important feature in today's CEO labour market in China: around one-tenth of corporations deploy performance bonds and they are equivalent to around 14% of CEO cash compensation. Consistent with principal–agent theory bonds are negatively associated with firm sales volatility. The complementarity between bonds and other incentive mechanisms such as bonuses and stock holding is consistent with optimal reward structures for multi-tasking agents. Those CEOs posting bonds are higher in the Communist Party ranks, were promoted via tournaments, and run larger firms, findings consistent with using bonds as an incentive to attract and retain the most able workers. Although state-owned enterprises are just as likely as privately owned ones to use bonds in CEO contracts, some of the theoretical predictions which assume profit-maximising firms do not hold where the state has an ownership stake
Transit spectrophotometry of the exoplanet HD189733b. I. Searching for
  water but finding haze with HST NICMOS

We present Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared transit photometry of the
nearby hot-Jupiter HD189733b. The observations were taken with the NICMOS
instrument during five transits, with three transits executed with a narrowband
filter at 1.87 microns and two performed with a narrowband filter at 1.66
microns. Our observing strategy using narrowband filters is insensitive to the
usual HST intra-orbit and orbit-to-orbit measurement of systematic errors,
allowing us to accurately and robustly measure the near-IR wavelength
dependance of the planetary radius. Our measurements fail to reproduce the
Swain et al. absorption signature of atmospheric water below 2 microns at a
5-sigma confidence level. We measure a planet-to-star radius contrast of
0.15498+/-0.00035 at 1.66 microns and a contrast of 0.15517+/-0.00019 at 1.87
microns. Both of our near-IR planetary radii values are in excellent agreement
with the levels expected from Rayleigh scattering by sub-micron haze particles,
observed at optical wavelengths, indicating that upper-atmospheric haze still
dominates the near-IR transmission spectra over the absorption from gaseous
molecular species at least below 2 microns.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&
The globular cluster system of NGC 1399 V. dynamics of the cluster
  system out to 80 kpc

(Abridged) We use the largest set of globular cluster velocities obtained so
far of any elliptical galaxy to revise and extend the previous investigations
of the dynamics of NGC 1399, the central dominant galaxy of the nearby Fornax
cluster of galaxies. Our sample now comprises velocities for almost 700 GCs
with projected galactocentric radii between 6 and 100 kpc. In addition, we use
velocities published by Bergond et al. (2007). We study the kinematics of the
metal-poor and metal-rich subpopulations and perform spherical Jeans modelling.
  The most important results are: The metal-rich (red) GCs resemble the stellar
field population of NGC 1399 in the region of overlap. Both subpopulations are
kinematically distinct and do not show a smooth transition. It is not possible
to find a common dark halo which reproduces simultaneously the properties of
both subpopulations. Some velocities of blue GCs are only to be explained by
orbits with very large apogalactic distances, thus indicating a contamination
with GCs which belong to the entire Fornax cluster rather than to NGC 1399.
Stripped GCs from nearby elliptical galaxies, particularly NGC 1404, may also
contaminate the metal-poor sample. We argue in favour of a scenario in which
the majority of the blue cluster population has been accreted during the
assembly of the Fornax cluster. The red cluster population shares the dynamical
history of the galaxy itself. Therefore we recommend to use a dark halo based
on the red GCs alone. The dark halo which fits best is marginally less massive
than the halo quoted by Richtler et al. (2004). The comparison with X-ray
analyses is satisfactory in the inner regions, but without showing evidence for
a transition from a galaxy to a cluster halo, as suggested by X-ray work.Comment: 31 pages, accepted for publication in A&A. Online material will be
  available from the CD
Tests of hard and soft QCD with e+e- Annihilation Data

Experimental tests of QCD predictions for event shape distributions combining
contributions from hard and soft processes are discussed. The hard processes
are predicted by perturbative QCD calculations. The soft processes cannot be
calculated directly using perturbative QCD, they are treated by a power
correction model based on the analysis of infrared renormalons. Furthermore, an
analysis of the gauge structure of QCD is presented using fits of the colour
factors within the same combined QCD predictions.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, contribution to Siena 2001, Seventh Topical
  Seminar on The legacy of LEP and SLC, Siena, Italy, 8 to 11 October 2001,
  proceedings to appear in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.
Isospin dependence of the eta' meson production in nucleon--nucleon
  collisions

According to the quark model, the masses of eta and eta' mesons should be
almost equal. However, the empirical values of these masses differ by more than
the factor of two. Similarly, though the almost the same quark-antiquark
content, the total cross section for the creation of these mesons close to the
kinematical thresholds in the pp --> ppX reaction differs significantly. Using
the COSY-11 detection setup we intend to determine whether this difference will
also be so significant in the case of the production of these mesons in the
proton-neutron scattering. Additionally, the comparison of the pp --> pp eta'
and pn --> pn eta' total cross sections will allow to learn about the
production of the eta' meson in the channels of isospin I = 0 and I = 1 and to
investigate aspects of the gluonium component of the eta' meson.Comment: Presented at LEAP05: International conference on Low Energy
  Antiproton Physics, Bonn - Juelich, Germany, May 16-22, 200
Deep Chandra Monitoring Observations of NGC 4649: II. Wide-Field Hubble
  Space Telescope Imaging of the Globular Clusters

We present g and z photometry and size estimates for globular clusters (GCs)
in the massive Virgo elliptical NGC 4649 (M60) using a five-pointing Hubble
Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys mosaic. The metal-poor GCs show a
monotonic negative metallicity gradient of (-0.43 +/- 0.10) dex per dex in
radius over the full radial range of the data, out to ~ 24 kpc. There is
evidence for substantial color substructure among the metal-rich GCs. The
metal-poor GCs have typical sizes ~ 0.4 pc larger than the metal-rich GCs out
to large galactocentric distances (~> 20 kpc), favoring an intrinsic
explanation for the size difference rather than projection effects. There is no
clear relation between half-light radius and galactocentric distance beyond ~
15 kpc, suggesting that the sizes of GCs are not generically set by tidal
limitation. Finally, we identify ~ 20 candidate ultra-compact dwarfs that
extend down to surprisingly faint absolute magnitudes (M_z ~ -8.5), and may
bridge the gap between this class and "extended clusters" in the Local Group.
Three of the brighter candidates have published radial velocities and can be
confirmed as bona fide ultra-compact dwarfs; follow-up spectroscopy will
determine the nature of the remainder of the candidates.Comment: ApJ in press. For redacted long table 1, see:
  http://www.pa.msu.edu/~strader/4649/table.te
High precision predictions for exclusive $VH$ production at the LHC

We present a resummation-improved prediction for $VH$ + 0 jets production at
the Large Hadron Collider. We focus on highly-boosted final states in the
presence of jet veto to suppress the $t{\bar t}$ background. In this case,
conventional fixed-order calculations are plagued by the existence of large
Sudakov logarithms $\alpha_s^n \log^m (p_T^{veto}/Q)$ for $Q\sim m_V + m_H$
which lead to unreliable predictions as well as large theoretical
uncertainties, and thus limit the accuracy when comparing experimental
measurements to the Standard Model. In this work, we show that the resummation
of Sudakov logarithms beyond the next-to-next-to-leading-log accuracy, combined
with the next-to-next-to-leading order calculation, reduces the scale
uncertainty and stabilizes the perturbative expansion in the region where the
vector bosons carry large transverse momentum. Our result improves the
precision with which Higgs properties can be determined from LHC measurements
using boosted Higgs techniques.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure
Deverbal semantics and the Montagovian generative lexicon

We propose a lexical account of action nominals, in particular of deverbal
nominalisations, whose meaning is related to the event expressed by their base
verb. The literature about nominalisations often assumes that the semantics of
the base verb completely defines the structure of action nominals. We argue
that the information in the base verb is not sufficient to completely determine
the semantics of action nominals. We exhibit some data from different
languages, especially from Romance language, which show that nominalisations
focus on some aspects of the verb semantics. The selected aspects, however,
seem to be idiosyncratic and do not automatically result from the internal
structure of the verb nor from its interaction with the morphological suffix.
We therefore propose a partially lexicalist approach view of deverbal nouns. It
is made precise and computable by using the Montagovian Generative Lexicon, a
type theoretical framework introduced by Bassac, Mery and Retor\'e in this
journal in 2010. This extension of Montague semantics with a richer type system
easily incorporates lexical phenomena like the semantics of action nominals in
particular deverbals, including their polysemy and (in)felicitous
copredications.Comment: A revised version will appear in the Journal of Logic, Language and
  Informatio
Upper Bounds on Gluino, Squark and Higgisino Masses in the Focus Point
  Gaugino Mediation with a Mild Fine Tuning $\Delta \le 100$

We show that upper bounds on the masses for gluino, squarks and higgsino are
$m_{gluino} \le 5.5$ TeV, $m_{squark} \le 4.7$ TeV and $m_{higgsino} \le 650$
GeV in a focus point gaugino mediation. Here, we impose a mild fine tuning
$\Delta \le 100$. This result shows that it is very challenging for the LHC to
exclude the focus point gaugino mediation with the mild fine tuning. However,
the ILC may have a potential for excluding the focus point gaugino mediation
with such a mild fine tuning. It is also shown that vector-like matters reduce
the required masses of the squark (stop) and gluino to explain the observed
Higgs boson mass and enhance the testability of the model at the LHC. The
fine-tuning is still kept mild.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Instanton calculations versus exact results in 4 dimensional SUSY gauge theories

We relate the non-perturbative exact results in supersymmetry to perturbation theory using several different methods: instanton calculations at weak or strong coupling, a method using gaugino condensation and another method relating strong and weak coupling. This allows many precise numerical checks of the consistency of these methods, especially the amplitude of instanton effects, and of the network of exact solutions in supersymmetry. However, there remain difficulties with the instanton computations at strong coupling