pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Random Forest method for the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC\ud

The paper describes an application of the tree classification method Random Forest (RF), as used in the analysis of data from the ground-based gamma telescope MAGIC. In such telescopes, cosmic gamma-rays are observed and have to be discriminated against a dominating background of hadronic cosmic-ray particles. We describe the application of RF for this gamma/hadron separation. The RF method often shows superior performance in comparison with traditional semi-empirical techniques. Critical issues of the method and its implementation are discussed. An application of the RF method for estimation of a continuous parameter from related variables, rather than discrete classes, is also discussed. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.\u
Search for Quark Contact Interactions in Dijet Angular Distributions in
  pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV Measured with the ATLAS Detector

Dijet angular distributions from the first LHC pp collisions at
center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV have been measured with the ATLAS
detector. The dataset used for this analysis represents an integrated
luminosity of 3.1 pb-1. Dijet $\chi$ distributions and centrality ratios have
been measured up to dijet masses of 2.8 TeV, and found to be in good agreement
with Standard Model predictions. Analysis of the $\chi$ distributions excludes
quark contact interactions with a compositeness scale $\Lambda$ below 3.4 TeV,
at 95% confidence level, significantly exceeding previous limits.Comment: 7 pages + authorlist (total 22), 3 figure
Measurement of the Mass and Width of the W Boson in e+e- Collisions at
  189 GeV

The mass and width of the W boson are determined in e+e- collisions at LEP
using 183 pb^-1 of data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy roots=189 GeV with
the OPAL detector. The invariant mass distributions from 970 WW->qqqq and 1118
WW->qqln candidate events are used to measure the mass of the W boson,
  Mw = 80.451 +- 0.076(stat.) +- 0.049(syst.) GeV.
  A direct measurement of the width of the W boson gives Gw=2.09 +- 0.18(stat.)
+- 0.09(syst.) GeV. The results are combined with previous OPAL results from 78
pb^-1 of data recorded with roots from 161 to 183 GeV, to obtain:
  Mw = 80.432 +- 0.066(stat.) +- 0.045(syst.) GeV,
  Gw = 2.04 +- 0.16(stat.) +- 0.09(syst.) GeV.
  The consistency of the direct measurement of Mw with that inferred from other
measurements of electroweak parameters provides an important test of the
Standard Model of electroweak interactions.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Underlying A_4 Symmetry for the Neutrino Mass Matrix and the Quark
  Mixing Matrix

The discrete non-Abelian symmetry $A_4$, valid at some high-energy scale,
naturally leads to degenerate neutrino masses, without spoiling the hierarchy
of charged-lepton masses. Realistic neutrino mass splittings and mixing angles
(one of which is necessarily maximal and the other large) are then induced
radiatively in the context of softly broken supersymmetry. The quark mixing
matrix is also calculable in a similar way. The mixing parameter $U_{e3}$ is
predicted to be imaginary, leading to maximal CP violation in neutrino
oscillations. Neutrinoless double beta decay and $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ should
be in the experimentally accessible range.Comment: 12 pages including 2 figure
|V_us| and m_s from hadronic tau decays

Recent progress in the determination of |V_us| employing strange hadronic
tau-decay data are reported. This includes using the recent OPAL update of the
strange spectral function, as well as augmenting the dimension-two perturbative
contribution with the recently calculated order alpha_s^3 term on the theory
side. These updates result in |V_us| = 0.2220 +- 0.0033, with the uncertainty
presently being dominated by experiment, and already being competitive with the
standard extraction from K_e3 decays and other new proposals to determine
|V_us|. In view of the ongoing work to analyse tau-decay data at the
B-factories BaBar and Belle, as well as future results from BESIII, the error
on |V_us| from tau decays is expected to be much reduced in the near future.Comment: 5 pages. Invited talk presented by M.J. at Tau06, 19-22 September
  2006, Pisa, Ital
Reconnection at 3D Magnetic Null Points: Effect of Current Sheet
  Asymmetry

Asymmetric current sheets are likely to be prevalent in both astrophysical
and laboratory plasmas with complex three dimensional (3D) magnetic topologies.
This work presents kinematic analytical models for spine and fan reconnection
at a symmetric 3D null with asymmetric current sheets. Asymmetric fan
reconnection is characterized by an asymmetric reconnection of flux past each
spine line and a bulk flow of plasma across the null point. In contrast,
asymmetric spine reconnection is inherently equal and opposite in how flux is
reconnected across the fan plane. The higher modes of spine reconnection also
include localized wedges of vortical flux transport in each half of the fan. In
this situation, two definitions for reconnection rate become appropriate: a
local reconnection rate quantifying how much flux is genuinely reconnected
across the fan plane and a global rate associated with the net flux driven
across each semi-plane. Through a scaling analysis it is shown that when the
ohmic dissipation in the layer is assumed to be constant, the increase in the
local rate bleeds from the global rate as the sheet deformation is increased.
Both models suggest that asymmetry in the current sheet dimensions will have a
profound effect on the reconnection rate and manner of flux transport in
reconnection involving 3D nulls.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Instability of Schwarzschild-AdS black hole in Einstein-Weyl gravity

We investigate the classical stability of Schwarzschild-AdS black hole in a
massive theory of the Einstein-Weyl gravity. It turns out that the linearized
Einstein tensor perturbations exhibit unstable modes featuring the
Gregory-Laflamme instability of five-dimensional AdS black string, in contrast
to the stable Schwarzschild-AdS black hole in the Einstein-Weyl gravity. We
confirm that the instability of the black hole in the Einstein-Weyl gravity
arises from the massiveness but not a feature of fourth-order derivative theory
giving ghost states.Comment: 1+13 pages, 1 figure, a version to appear in PL
A new flavour imprint of SU(5)-like Grand Unification and its LHC
  signatures

We point out that the hypothesis of a SU(5)-like supersymmetric Grand Unified
Theory (GUT) implies a generic relation within the flavour structure of up-type
squarks. Contrary to other well-known SU(5) relations between the down-quark
and charged lepton sectors, this relation remains exact in the presence of any
corrections and extra operators. Moreover it remains valid to a good precision
at the electroweak scale, and opens thus new possibilities for testing
SU(5)-like GUTs. We derive the low-energy effective theory of observable light
up-type squarks, that also constitutes a useful tool for squark phenomenology.
We use this effective theory to determine how to test SU(5) relations at the
LHC. Focussing on scenarios with light stops, compatible with Natural SUSY, it
appears that simple tests involving ratios of event rates are sufficient to
test the hypothesis of a SU(5)-like GUT theory. The techniques of charm-tagging
and top-polarimetry are a crucial ingredient of these tests.Comment: 6 pages, minor typos fixed, reference added, matches PLB versio
Non-perturbative QCD effects in $q_T$ spectra of Drell-Yan and $Z$-boson
  production

The factorization theorems for transverse momentum distributions of
dilepton/boson production, recently formulated by Collins and
Echevarria-Idilbi-Scimemi in terms of well-defined transverse momentum
dependent distributions (TMDs), allows for a systematic and quantitative
analysis of non-perturbative QCD effects of the cross sections involving these
quantities. In this paper we perform a global fit using all current available
data for Drell-Yan and $Z$-boson production at hadron colliders within this
framework. The perturbative calculable pieces of our estimates are included
using a complete resummation at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy.
Performing the matching of transverse momentum distributions onto the standard
collinear parton distribution functions and recalling that the corresponding
matching coefficient can be partially exponentiated, we find that this
exponentiated part is spin-independent and resummable. We argue that the
inclusion of higher order perturbative pieces is necessary when data from lower
energy scales are analyzed. We consider non-perturbative corrections both to
the intrinsic nucleon structure and to the evolution kernel and find that the
non-perturbative part of the TMDs could be parametrized in terms of a minimal
set of parameters (namely 2-3). When all corrections are included the global
fit so performed gives a $\chi^2/{\rm d.o.f.} \lesssim 1$ and a very precise
prediction for vector boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).Comment: 24 pages, 11 figures. v2: new subsection added, discussion on the
  stability of the calculations and on higher order contributions improved,
  results unchange
Searches for Large-Scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic
  Rays Detected above Energy of $10^{19}$ eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory
  and the Telescope Array

Spherical harmonic moments are well-suited for capturing anisotropy at any
scale in the flux of cosmic rays. An unambiguous measurement of the full set of
spherical harmonic coefficients requires full-sky coverage. This can be
achieved by combining data from observatories located in both the northern and
southern hemispheres. To this end, a joint analysis using data recorded at the
Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory above $10^{19}$ eV is
presented in this work. The resulting multipolar expansion of the flux of
cosmic rays allows us to perform a series of anisotropy searches, and in
particular to report on the angular power spectrum of cosmic rays above
$10^{19}$ eV. No significant deviation from isotropic expectations is found
throughout the analyses performed. Upper limits on the amplitudes of the dipole
and quadrupole moments are derived as a function of the direction in the sky,
varying between 7% and 13% for the dipole and between 7% and 10% for a
symmetric quadrupole.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa
Superconformal Fixed Points with $E_n$ Global Symmetry

We obtain the elliptic curve and the Seiberg-Witten differential for an $N=2$ superconformal field theory which has an $E_8$ global symmetry at the strong coupling point $\tau=e^{\pi i/3}$. The differential has 120 poles corresponding to half the charged states in the fundamental representation of $E_8$, with the other half living on the other sheet. Using this theory, we flow down to $E_7$, $E_6$ and $D_4$. A new feature is a $\lambda_{SW}$ for these theories based on their adjoint representations. We argue that these theories have different physics than those with $\lambda_{SW}$ built from the fundamental representations
Self-Gravitational Corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde Formula of
  Achucarro-Ortiz Black Hole

Recently, it was shown that the entropy of the black hole horizon in the
Achucarro-Ortiz spacetime can be described by the Cardy-Verlinde formula. In
this paper, we compute the self-gravitational corrections to the Cardy-Verlinde
formula of the two-dimensional Achucarro-Ortiz black hole. These corrections
stem from the effect of self-gravitation and they are derived in the context of
Keski-Vakkuri, Kraus and Wilczek (KKW) analysis. The black hole under study is
therefore treated as a dynamical background. The self-gravitational corrections
to the entropy as given by the Cardy-Verlinde formula of Achucarro-Ortiz black
hole, are found to be positive. This result provides evidence in support of the
claim that the holographic bound is not universal in the framework of
two-dimensional gravity models.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX; v2: 12 pages, some refs added, Section 2 removed,
  clarifying comments added in Introduction and in Section 2 (of v2), a new
  paragraph in Conclusions, no physics changed, version to appear in PL
Searching for the dual of the Maxwell-Chern-Simons model minimally
  coupled to dynamical U(1) charged matter

The possibility of dual equivalence between the self-dual and the
Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) models when the latter is coupled to dynamical, U(1)
fermionic charged matter is examined. The proper coupling in the self-dual
model is then disclosed using the iterative gauge embedding approach. We found
that the self-dual potential needs to couple directly to the Chern-Kernel of
the source in order to establish this equivalence besides the need for a
self-interaction term to render the matter sector unchanged.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, new references, accepted for publication on Phys.
  Lett.
The Consistency of Topological Expansions in Field Theory: `BRST
  Anomalies' in Strings and Yang-Mills

Many field theories of physical interest have configuration spaces consisting
of disconnected components. Quantum mechanical amplitudes are then expressed as
sums over these components. We use the Faddeev-Popov approach to write the
terms in this topological expansion as moduli space integrals. A cut-off is
needed when these integrals diverge. This introduces a dependence on the choice
of parametrisation of configuration space which must be removed if the theory
is to make physical sense. For theories that have a local symmetry this also
leads to a breakdown in BRST invariance. We discuss in detail the cases of
Bosonic Strings and Yang-Mills theory, showing how this arbitrariness may be
removed by the use of a counter-term in the former case, and by
compactification on $S\sp 4$ in the latter.Comment: 19 pages, DTP-93-45 [original version corrupted by mailer
On the invariants of some solvable rigid Lie algebras

We determine fundamental systems of invariants for complex solvable rigid Lie
algebras having nonsplit nilradicals of characteristic sequence $(3,1,..,1)$,
these algebras being the natural followers of solvable algebras having
Heisenberg nilradicals. A special case of this allows us to obtain a criterion
to determine the number of functionally independent invariants of rank one
subalgebras of (real or complex) solvable Lie algebras. Finally, we give
examples of the inverse procedure, obtaining fundamental systems of an algebra
starting from rank one subalgebras.Comment: LaTex, 13 pages, 1 tabl
Conformally Einstein Products and Nearly K\"ahler Manifolds

In the first part of this note we study compact Riemannian manifolds (M,g)
whose Riemannian product with R is conformally Einstein. We then consider
compact 6--dimensional almost Hermitian manifolds of type W_1+W_4 in the
Gray--Hervella classification admitting a parallel vector field and show that
(under some regularity assumption) they are obtained as mapping tori of
isometries of compact Sasaki-Einstein 5-dimensional manifolds. In particular,
we obtain examples of inhomogeneous locally (non-globally) conformal nearly
K\"ahler compact manifolds
Extended Theory of Finite Fermi Systems (Collective Vibrations in Closed
  Shell Nuclei)

We review an extension of Migdal's Theory of Finite Fermi Systems which has
been developed and applied to collective vibrations in closed shell nuclei in
the past ten years. This microscopic approach is based on a consistent use of
the Green function method. Here one considers in a consistent way more complex
1p1h$\otimes$phonon configurations beyond the RPA correlations. Moreover, these
configurations are not only included in the excited states but also explicitly
in the ground states of nuclei. The method has been applied to the calculation
of the strength distribution and transition densities of giant electric and
magnetic resonances in stable and unstable magic nuclei. Using these
microscopic transition densities, cross sections for inelastic electron and
alpha scattering have been calculated and compared with the available
experimental data. The method also allows one to extract in a consistent way
the magnitude of the strength of the various multipoles in the energy regions
in which several multipoles overlap. We compare the microscopic transition
densities, the strength distributions and the various multipole strengths with
their values extracted phenomenologically.Comment: 99 pages, 37 figures, 9 table
Commentary on the WHO Classification of Tumors of Lymphoid Tissues (2008): Indolent B Cell Lymphomas

The 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues introduces many new items to the classification scheme of the so-called indolent B cell lymphomas. New proposed entities, such as splenic B cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable, splenic diffuse red pulp small B cell lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia variant, pediatric follicular lymphoma, and pediatric marginal zone lymphoma have been coined, and some definitions of established diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia have been revised. One aspect of major importance is the recent description of small clonal B cell populations, in part with a CLL phenotype, and their relationship to B-CLL. Some new subtypes or variants of follicular lymphoma with distinct clinicopathologic and/or molecular genetic characteristics have been described, including primary follicular lymphomas of the duodenum and pediatric follicular lymphomas. Furthermore, the impact of some probably early, or precursor lesions, such as follicular lymphoma in situ is discussed. Overall, we succinctly discuss the essential elements of the revisions made in the updated classification, and we identify potential opportunities for refinement of new or provisional categories in subsequent classifications
Preparation of sol-gel hybrid materials from gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethyl orthosilicate: study of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials suitable for the development of sol&-gel coatings for metallic surfaces were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) and tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS). The hydrolysis of MAPTMS/TMOS was carried out in an ethanol/water solution. The prehydrolysis stage of MAPTMS/TMOS system was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid-state 29Si and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si and 13C NMR). FTIR analysis indicated that the hydrolysis of MAPTMS/TMOS was accomplished as far as the (SiOMe) band corresponding to unhydrolyzed silane disappeared. The concentration of the alkoxy groups and the extent of self-condensation of mono-, di-, and trisubstituted siloxanes (T species) in the sol were estimated by using liquid-state 29Si NMR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of the prepared sol was also evaluated by liquid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results indicated that under the adopted synthesis strategy conditions, the hydrolysis process requires 4 h to be completed.This work has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (Projects MAT2006-04486 and MAT2009-13530) and the Regional Community of Madrid (Project 2009/MAT-1585). AA El hadad acknowledges a predoctoral contract JAE financed by CSIC, and VB acknowledges a Ramon y Cajal researcher contract financed by CSIC-MICIN
Absence of molybdenum isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation at Hekla volcano, Iceland

This study investigates the behaviour of molybdenum (Mo) isotopes during magmatic differentiation. Molybdenum isotope compositions, as well as concentrations of rare earth elements and a selection of trace elements, have been determined for a well characterised sequence of lavas from Hekla volcano, Iceland, covering a compositional range from basalt to rhyolite (46-72wt.% SiO2), and thought to have developed by differentiation and mixing of melts derived from a cogenetic source. All samples have identical Mo isotopic compositions with an average δ98Mo of -0.15±0.05‰ (2 s.d.; n=23). There is therefore no resolvable Mo isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation at Hekla. This finding is supported by the fact that Mo remains highly incompatible in Hekla lavas, increasing from 1.3 to 4.6μg/g from basalt to rhyolite, indicating that the crystallising phases are extracting only limited amounts of Mo from the magma and therefore that significant fractionation of Mo isotopes is unlikely. It has previously been proposed that cerium (Ce) and Mo have similar bulk distribution coefficients and are equally incompatible during mantle melting. While both Ce and Mo remain incompatible in Hekla lavas, the Ce/Mo ratio decreases from 50 to 36 during magmatic differentiation indicating that Mo is more incompatible than Ce. Comparison of Mo with other incompatible trace elements indicates that Mo is as incompatible as La and slightly less incompatible than K. Sulphur (S) decreases strongly from ~200 to as low as ~2μg/g from basalt to andesite and more evolved compositions, yet this has no effect on the Mo isotopes. Therefore, Mo does not exhibit significant chalcophile behaviour in Hekla magmas. The Mo isotopic signature therefore may be used as an indicator of parent magma composition and a potential discriminant of assimilation processes.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Differential cross section and analysing power of the pp-> pp_s pi^0 reaction at 353 MeV

In order to establish links between p-wave pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions and low energy three-nucleon scattering, an extensive programme of experiments on pion production is currently underway at COSY-ANKE. The final proton pair is detected at very low excitation energy, leading to an S-wave diproton, denoted here as {pp}_s. We now report on measurements of the differential cross section and analysing power of the  ol{p}p->{pp}_s pi^0$ reaction at 353 MeV. Both observables can be described in terms of s- and d-wave pion production and, by using the phase information from elastic pp scattering, unique solutions can be obtained for the corresponding amplitudes. This information is vital for the partial wave decomposition of the corresponding pn->{pp}_s pi^- reaction and hence for the extraction of the p-wave terms
Strong gravitational lensing in a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein Gödel black hole

In this Letter we investigate the strong gravitational lansing in a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein Gödel black hole. The deflection angle is considered by the logarithmic term proposed by Bozza et al. Then we study the variation of deflection angle and its parameters <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math> and <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math> . We suppose that the supermassive black hole in the galaxy center can be considered by a charged squashed Kaluza–Klein black hole in a Gödel background. Then by the relations between lensing parameters and observables, we estimate the observables for different values of charge, extra dimension and Gödel parameters
Extraction of the CP-violating phase γ using B→Kππ and B→KKK⎯⎯⎯ decays

Using the BaBar measurements of the Dalitz plots for B0→K+π0π− , B0→K0π+π− , B+→K+π+π− , B0→K+K0K− , and B0→K0K0K⎯⎯⎯0 decays, we demonstrate that it is possible to cleanly extract the weak phase γ . We find four possible solutions. Three of these – 32°, 259°, and 315° – are in disagreement with the SM, while one – 77° – is consistent with the SM. An advantage of this Dalitz-plot method is that one can obtain many independent measurements of γ , thereby reducing its statistical error. An accurate determination of the errors, however, requires detailed knowledge of the data