pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
An Intervention Analysis on the Tokyo Grain Exchange Non- Genetically Modified and Conventional Soybean Futures Market

This paper examines how efficiently the price premium for non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybeans at the Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) react to an announcement to change the contract unit, suppliers, and expiration date on the conventional soybean futures contract. Intervention analysis is used for this purpose. The results reveal that the price premium for non-GM soybeans increases after the change and this effect remains at least for a month. Hence, prices of the two soybean futures markets did not respond quickly to the announcement and there was an informational inefficiency after the announcement occurred.
Quasi Score is more efficient than Corrected Score in a polynomial measurement error model

We consider a polynomial regression model, where the covariate is measured with Gaussian errors. The measurement error variance is supposed to be known. The covariate is normally distributed with known mean and variance. Quasi Score (QS) and Corrected Score (CS) are two consistent estimation methods, where the first makes use of the distribution of the covariate (structural method), while the latter does not (functional method). It may therefore be surmised that the former method is (asymptotically) more efficient than the latter one. This can, indeed, be proved for the regression parameters. We do this by introducing a third, so-called Simple Score (SS), estimator, the efficiency of which turns out to be intermediate between QS and CS. When one includes structural and functional estimators for the variance of the error in the equation, SS is still more efficient than CS. When the mean and variance of the covariate are not known and have to be estimated as well, one can still maintain that QS is more efficient than SS for the regression parameters.
Diffuse LEED intensities of disordered crystal surfaces : I. Correlations between statistics and multiple diffraction

It is shown that the diffraction of slow electrons from disordered crystal surfaces is correlated with the problem of thermodynamical statistics. The correlation functions are completely determined by the self-energies and interaction energies of neighboring complexes. These quantities solve the problem of a-priori probabilities and the cooperative phenomenon of correlation functions of these complexes. If the calculation of a certain set of multiple scattering amplitudes is possible, the remaining problem of determining the diffuse LEED pattern becomes solvable. The calculation of angular beam profiles follows the same lines as already described for the kinematic theory of X-ray diffraction.
Faceting for direction-dependent spectral deconvolution

The new generation of radio interferometers is characterized by high
sensitivity, wide fields of view and large fractional bandwidth. To synthesize
the deepest images enabled by the high dynamic range of these instruments
requires us to take into account the direction-dependent Jones matrices, while
estimating the spectral properties of the sky in the imaging and deconvolution
algorithms.
  In this paper we discuss and implement a wide-band wide-field spectral
deconvolution framework (DDFacet) based on image plane faceting, that takes
into account generic direction-dependent effects. Specifically, we present a
wide-field co-planar faceting scheme, and discuss the various effects that need
to be taken into account to solve for the deconvolution problem (image plane
normalization, position-dependent PSF, etc). We discuss two wide-band spectral
deconvolution algorithms based on hybrid matching pursuit and sub-space
optimisation respectively. A few interesting technical features incorporated in
our imager are discussed, including baseline dependent averaging, which has the
effect of improving computing efficiency. The version of DDFacet presented here
can account for any externally defined Jones matrices and/or beam patterns
Nitric oxide donors protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl\ud
pyridinium-induced experimental parkinsonism in rats:\ud
evidence for antioxida

Nitric oxide (NO) with free radical properties plays a controversial critical\ud
role under a variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions. We\ud
investigated the effects of NO donors such as S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine\ud
(SNAP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), sodium\ud
nitroprusside (SNP) and nitroglycerin (NG) in nigrostriatal dopaminergic\ud
toxicity caused by the potent parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium\ud
(MPP+) in vivo in rats and in MPP+ induced hydroxyl radical\ud
(.OH) generation in mitochondria in vitro. NG, SNAP and SIN-1 caused\ud
significant attenuation of MPP+ induced .OH generation in mitochondria.\ud
Administration of MPP+ by intranigral infusion in rats to produce\ud
nigrostriatal damage was significantly attenuated by co-infusion of NG,\ud
SNAP and SIN-1 but not by SNP. NG, SNAP and SIN-1 exposed for 48 h to\ud
remove NO when administered similarly, failed to protect against MPP+ induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Long-term exposed SNP when administered intranigrally, caused dose-dependent depletion of striatal dopamine. These results indicate that selective NO donors can protect dopaminergic neurotoxicity caused by MPP+ by releasing NO in the nigral region and by virtue of its OH scavenging action. This study warrants the neuroprotective\ud
role of NO in dopaminergic neurodegeneration
Fabrication of epitaxial CoSi₂ nanowires

We have developed a method for fabricatingepitaxialCoSi₂nanowires using only conventional optical lithography and standard silicon processing steps. This method was successfully applied to ultrathin epitaxialCoSi₂ layers grown on Si(100) and silicon-on-insulator substrates. A nitride mask induces a stress field near its edges into the CoSi₂/Siheterostructure and leads to the separation of the CoSi₂ layer in this region during a rapid thermal oxidation step. A subsequent etching step and a second oxidation generate highly homogenous silicide wires with dimensions down to 50 nm
The symmetric Radon-Nikodým property for tensor norms

We introduce the symmetric-Radon-Nikodým property (sRN pr operty) for finitely generated s-tensor norms β of order n and prove a Lewis type theorem for s-tensor norms with this property. As a consequence, if β is a projective s-tensor norm with the sRN prop- erty, then for every Asplund space E , the canonical map e ⊗ n,s β E ′ →  e ⊗ n,s β ′ E  ′ is a metric surjection. This can be rephrased as the isometric isomorph ism Q min ( E ) = Q ( E ) for certain polynomial ideal Q . We also relate the sRN property of an s-tensor norm with the A splund or Radon-Nikodým properties of different tensor products. S imilar results for full tensor products are also given. As an application, results concern ing the ideal of n -homogeneous extendible polynomials are obtained, as well as a new proof o f the well known isometric isomorphism between nuclear and integral polynomials on As plund spaces.Fil: Carando, Daniel Germán. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; ArgentinaFil: Galicer, Daniel Eric. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Matemática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Investigaciones Matemáticas "Luis A. Santaló"; Argentin
MGMT methylation analysis of glioblastoma on the Infinium methylation BeadChip identifies two distinct CpG regions associated with gene silencing and outcome, yielding a prediction model for comparisons across datasets, tumor grades, and CIMP-status.

The methylation status of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is an important predictive biomarker for benefit from alkylating agent therapy in glioblastoma. Recent studies in anaplastic glioma suggest a prognostic value for MGMT methylation. Investigation of pathogenetic and epigenetic features of this intriguingly distinct behavior requires accurate MGMT classification to assess high throughput molecular databases. Promoter methylation-mediated gene silencing is strongly dependent on the location of the methylated CpGs, complicating classification. Using the HumanMethylation450 (HM-450K) BeadChip interrogating 176 CpGs annotated for the MGMT gene, with 14 located in the promoter, two distinct regions in the CpG island of the promoter were identified with high importance for gene silencing and outcome prediction. A logistic regression model (MGMT-STP27) comprising probes cg1243587 and cg12981137 provided good classification properties and prognostic value (kappa = 0.85; log-rank p &lt; 0.001) using a training-set of 63 glioblastomas from homogenously treated patients, for whom MGMT methylation was previously shown to be predictive for outcome based on classification by methylation-specific PCR. MGMT-STP27 was successfully validated in an independent cohort of chemo-radiotherapy-treated glioblastoma patients (n = 50; kappa = 0.88; outcome, log-rank p &lt; 0.001). Lower prevalence of MGMT methylation among CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) positive tumors was found in glioblastomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas than in low grade and anaplastic glioma cohorts, while in CIMP-negative gliomas MGMT was classified as methylated in approximately 50 % regardless of tumor grade. The proposed MGMT-STP27 prediction model allows mining of datasets derived on the HM-450K or HM-27K BeadChip to explore effects of distinct epigenetic context of MGMT methylation suspected to modulate treatment resistance in different tumor types
Environmental change in the Limfjord, Denmark (ca 7500-1500 cal yrs BP): a multiproxy study

This article was published under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence.The Limfjord region of northern Jutland, Denmark, supports a rich archaeological record dating back to the Mesolithic, which documents long-term change in human practices and utilisation of marine resources since approximately 7500 BP. The presence and availability of marine resources in the Limfjord is sensitively regulated by environmental parameters such as salinity, sedimentary regime, nutrient status and primary productivity, but long-term changes in these parameters are currently poorly understood. In this study a multiproxy approach (including sedimentary parameters, diatoms, molluscs, foraminifera, sedimentary pigments, C and O stable isotopes and plant macrofossils) has been adopted to assess environmental change over the period ca 7500–1500 cal yrs BP at Kilen, a coastal fjord (before AD 1856) situated in the Western Limfjord. A diatom-based salinity transfer function based on a pan-Baltic training set has been applied to the fossil diatom dataset for quantitative assessment of salinity change over the study period. This study demonstrates that large-scale shifts in salinity are a common feature of the Limfjord's long-term history and are driven by the level of connection with the North Sea and the Skagerrak respectively, which in turn is likely driven by the complex interplay between climate, sea-level change, current velocity and rates of erosion/sedimentary accretion. Three shifts in state at Kilen are identified over the study period: a deep, periodically stratified fjord with medium–high salinity (and high productivity) between ca 7500–5000 BP, followed by a gradual transition to a shallow benthic system with more oceanic conditions (i.e. higher salinity, lower productivity, slower sedimentary accumulation rate and poorer fossil preservation) after ca 5000 BP and no stratification after ca 4400 BP, and lastly, within this shallow phase, an abrupt shift to brackish conditions around 2000 BP. Environmental–societal interactions are discussed on the basis of the data presented in this study and current environmental hypotheses for cultural change are challenged
Does the NJL chiral phase transition affect the elliptic flow of a fluid
  at fixed $\eta/s$?

We have derived and solved numerically the Boltzmann-Vlasov transport
equations that includes both two-body collisions and the chiral phase
transition by mean of NJL-field dynamics. The scope is to understand if the
field dynamics supply new genuine effects on the build-up of the elliptic flow
$v_2$, a measure of the asymmetry in the momentum space, and in particular if
it can affect the relation between $v_2$ and the shear viscosity to entropy
ratio $\eta/s$. Solving the transport equation with a constant cross section
for the condition of $Au+Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ AGeV it is shown
a sizable suppression of $v_2$ due to the attractive nature of the field
dynamics that generates the constituent mass. However the key result is that if
$\eta/s$ of the system is kept fixed by an appropriate local renormalization of
the cross section the $v_2$ does not depend on the details of the collisional
and/or field dynamics and in particular it is not affected significantly by the
chiral phase transition.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Observation of Supernova Remnant IC443 with the Fermi Large Area
  Telescope

We report observation of the supernova remnant IC443 (G189.1+3.0) with the
Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the energy band
between 200MeV and 50GeV. IC443 is a shell-type supernova remnant with mixed
morphology located off the outer Galactic plane where high-energy emission has
been detected in the X-ray, GeV and TeV gamma-ray bands. Past observations
suggest IC443 has been interacting with surrounding interstellar matter.
Proximity between dense shocked molecular clouds and GeV-TeV gamma-ray emission
regions detected by EGRET, MAGIC and VERITAS suggests an interpretation that
cosmic-ray (CR) particles are accelerated by the SNR. With the high gamma-ray
statistics and broad energy coverage provided by the LAT, we accurately
characterize the gamma-ray emission produced by the CRs accelerated at IC443.
The emission region is extended in the energy band with theta_68 = 0.27 deg +/-
0.01 deg (stat) +/- 0.03 deg (sys) for an assumed 2-dimensional Gaussian
profile and overlaps almost completely with the extended source region of
VERITAS. Its centroid is displaced significantly from the known pulsar wind
nebula (PWN) which suggests the PWN is not the major contributor in the present
energy band. The observed spectrum changes its power-law slope continuously and
continues smoothly to the MAGIC and VERITAS data points. The combined gamma-ray
spectrum (200MeV <E< 2TeV) is reproduced well by decays of neutral pions
produced by a broken power-law proton spectrum with a break around 70GeV.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal v712 (March 2010
Search for high-mass states with one lepton plus missing transverse
  momentum in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS
  detector

The ATLAS detector is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy
charged gauge bosons (W', W*) decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon)
and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at
a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
36 pb-1. No excess beyond standard model expectations is observed. A W' with
sequential standard model couplings is excluded at 95% confidence level for
masses below 1.49 TeV, and a W*(charged chiral boson) for masses below 1.47
TeV.Comment: 10 pages before author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 6 tables,
  submitted to Physics Letters B (An error in the W* cross-section was
  corrected
Internal shocks in blazar jets

The discovery of strong gamma-ray and hard X-ray emission and the results
from various multifrequency campaigns have disclosed new aspects of the blazar
phenomenology, leading to a much more robust understanding of the mechanisms
underlying their emission, and offering clues for the energetics of their
relativistic jets. I review these aspects, and propose that all the diversity
in the blazar phenomenology depends on only one parameter. I also suggest that
some of the blazar characteristics can be explained by the internal shock
scenario, as proposed to explain the emission from gamma-ray bursts.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, invited paper at the 4th ASCA symp. Submitted to
  Astronomische Nachrichten. Editors: H.Inoue, T.Ohashi and T.Takahash
S-matrix network models for coherent waves in random media: construction
  and renormalization

Networks of random quantum scatterers (S-matrices) form paradigmatic models
for the propagation of coherent waves in random S-matrix network models cover
universal localization-delocalization properties and have some advantages over
more traditional Hamiltonian models. In particular, a straightforward
implementation of real space renormalization techniques is possible. Starting
from a finite elementary cell of the S-matrix network, hierarchical network
models can be constructed by recursion. The localization-delocalization
properties are contained in the flow of the forward scattering strength
('conductance') under increasing system size. With the aid of 'small scale'
numerics qualitative aspects of the localization-delocalization properties of
S-matrix network models can be worked out.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 8 eps figures included, proceedings PILS98, to be
  published in Annalen der Physi
On the Scaling Violations of Diffractive Structure Functions: Operator
  Approach

A quantum field theoretic treatment of inclusive deep-inelastic diffractive
scattering is given. The process can be described in the general framework of
non-forward scattering processes using the light-cone expansion in the
generalized Bjorken region. Evolution equations of the diffractive hadronic
matrix elements are derived at the level of the twist-2 contributions and are
compared to those of inclusive deep-inelastic forward scattering (DIS). The
diffractive parton densities are obtained as projections of two-variable parton
distributions. We also comment on the higher twist contributions in the
light-cone expansion.Comment: 12 pages LATEX, 2 style file
Limits on $T_{RH}$ for thermal leptogenesis with hierarchical neutrino
  masses

We make a simple observation that if one of the right-chiral neutrinos is
very heavy or its Yukawa couplings to the standard lepton doublets are
negligible, so that it effectively decouples from the see-saw mechanism, the
prediction for the baryon asymmetry of the Universe resulting from leptogenesis
depends, apart from the masses $M_1$ and $M_2$ of the remaining two
right-chiral neutrinos, only on the element $\YY{22}$ of the neutrino Yukawa
coupling. For $M_2\simgt10M_1$ the lower bound on $M_1$ and also on $T_{\rm
reh}$, resulting from the requirement of 'successful leptogenesis' is then
significantly increased compared to the one computed recently by Buchm\"uller
{\it et al.} in the most general case. Within the framework of thermal
leptogenesis, the only way to lower this limit is then to allow for
sufficiently small mass difference $M_2-M_1$.Comment: one reference added, a few minor rewording
Planck intermediate results. XVII. Emission of dust in the diffuse
  interstellar medium from the far-infrared to microwave frequencies

The dust-HI correlation is used to characterize the emission properties of
dust in the diffuse interstellar medium. We cross-correlate sky maps from
Planck, WMAP, and DIRBE, at 17 frequencies from 23 to 3000 GHz, with the Parkes
survey of the 21-cm line emission of neutral atomic hydrogen, over a contiguous
area of 7500 deg$^2$ centred on the southern Galactic pole. Our analysis yields
four specific results. (1) The dust temperature is observed to be
anti-correlated with the dust emissivity and opacity. We interpret this result
as evidence for dust evolution within the diffuse ISM. The mean dust opacity is
measured to be $(7.1 \pm 0.6) 10^{-27} cm^2/H \times (\nu/353\,
GHz)^{1.53\pm0.03}$ for $100 < \nu <353$GHz. (2) We map the spectral index of
dust emission at millimetre wavelengths, which is remarkably constant at
$\beta_{mm} = 1.51\pm 0.13$. We compare it with the far infrared spectral index
beta_FIR derived from greybody fits at higher frequencies, and find a
systematic difference, $\beta_{mm}-\beta_{FIR} = -0.15$, which suggests that
the dust SED flattens at $\nu < 353\,$GHz. (3) We present spectral fits of the
microwave emission correlated with HI from 23 to 353 GHz, which separate dust
and anomalous microwave emission. The flattening of the dust SED can be
accounted for with an additional component with a blackbody spectrum, which
accounts for $(26 \pm 6)$% of the dust emission at 100 GHz and could represent
magnetic dipole emission. Alternatively, it could account for an increasing
contribution of carbon dust, or a flattening of the emissivity of amorphous
silicates, at millimetre wavelengths. These interpretations make different
predictions for the dust polarization SED. (4) We identify a Galactic
contribution to the residuals of the dust-HI correlation, which we model with
variations of the dust emissivity on angular scales smaller than that of our
correlation analysis.Comment: Final Version to appear in A&
A CGPS Look at the Spiral Structure of the Outer Milky Way I: Distances
  and Velocities to Star Forming Regions

We present a new catalogue of spectrophotometric distances and line-of-sight
systemic velocities to 103 HII regions between 90$^{\circ}\leq \ell
\leq~$195$^{\circ}$ (longitude quadrants II and part of III). Two new
velocities for each region are independently measured using 1-arcminute
resolution 21~cm HI and 2.6~mm $^{12}$CO line maps (from the Canadian Galactic
Plane Survey and FCRAO Outer Galaxy Surveys) that show where gaseous shells are
observed around the periphery of the ionized gas. Known and neighbouring
OB-type stars with published UBV photometry and MK classifications are overlaid
onto 21~cm continuum maps, and those stars observed within the boundary of the
HII emission (and whose distance is not more than 3 times the standard
deviation of the others) are used to calculate new mean stellar distances to
each of the 103 nebulae. Using this approach of excluding distance outliers
from the mean distance to a group of many stars in each HII region lessens the
impact of anomalous reddening for certain individuals. Final mean distances of
9 common objects with VLBI parallax distances show a 1:1 correspondence.
Further, comparison with previous catalogues of HII regions in these quadrants
shows a 50% reduction in scatter for the distance to Perseus spiral arm objects
in the same region, and a reduction by $\sim$1/$\sqrt{2}$ in scatter around a
common angular velocity relative to the Sun
$\Omega-\Omega_0$(km~s$^{-1}$~kpc$^{-1}$). The purpose of the catalogue is to
provide a foundation for more detailed large-scale Galactic spiral structure
and dynamics (rotation curve, density wave streaming) studies in the
2$^{\textrm{nd}}$ and 3$^{\textrm{rd}}$ quadrants, which from the Sun's
location is the most favourably viewed section of the Galaxy.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in The Astronomical
  Journal, May 27, 201
The Krein-Gupta-Bleuler Quantization in de Sitter Space-time; Casimir
  Energy-Momentum Tensor for a Curved Brane

In this paper, vacuum expectation value (VEV) of the energy-momentum tensor
for a conformally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space-time is investigated
through the Krein-Gupta-Bleuler construction. This construction has already
been successfully applied to the de Sitter minimally coupled massless scalar
field and massless spin-2 field to obtain a causal and fully covariant quantum
field on the de Sitter background. We also consider the effects of boundary
conditions. In this respect, Casimir energy-momentum tensor induced by
Dirichlet boundary condition on a curved brane is evaluated.Comment: 9 page