pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Sunspot rotation : II. Effects of varying the field strength and twist of an emerging flux tube

ZS acknowledges the financial support of the Carnegie Trust for Scotland. This work used the DIRAC 1, UKMHD Consortium machine at the University of St Andrews and the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment was funded by BIS National E-infrastructure capital grant ST/K00042X/1, STFC capital grant ST/H008519/1, and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K003267/1 and Durham University. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure.Context. Observations of flux emergence indicate that rotational velocities may develop within sunspots. However, the dependence of this rotation on sub-photospheric field strength and twist remains largely unknown. Aims. We investigate the effects of varying the initial field strength and twist of an emerging sub-photospheric magnetic flux tube onthe rotation of the sunspots at the photosphere. Methods. We consider a simple model of a stratified domain with a sub-photospheric interior layer and three overlying atmospheric layers. A twisted arched flux tube is inserted in the interior and is allowed to rise into the atmosphere. To achieve this, the MHD equations are solved using the Lagrangian-remap code, Lare3d. We perform a parameter study by independently varying the sub-photospheric magnetic field strength and twist. Results. Altering the initial magnetic field strength and twist of the flux tube significantly affects the tube’s evolution and the rotational motions that develop at the photosphere. The rotation angle, vorticity, and current show a direct dependence on the initial field strength. We find that an increase in field strength increases the angle through which the fieldlines rotate, the length of the fieldlines extending into the atmosphere, and the magnetic energy transported to the atmosphere. This also affects the amount of residual twist in the interior. The length of the fieldlines is crucial as we predict the twist per unit length equilibrates to a lower value on longer fieldlines. No such direct dependence is found when we modify the twist of the magnetic field owing to the complex effect this has on the tension force acting on the tube. However, there is still a clear ordering in quantities such as the rotation angle, helicity, and free energy with higher initial twist cases being related to sunspots that rotate more rapidly, transporting more helicity and magnetic energy to the atmosphere.PostprintPeer reviewe
Search for $CP$ violation in the phase space of
  $D^0\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ decays

A search for time-integrated $CP$ violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay
$\mbox{$D^0\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$}$ is performed using an unbinned,
model-independent technique known as the energy test. This is the first
application of the energy test in four-body decays. The search is performed for
$P$-even $CP$ asymmetries and, for the first time, is extended to probe the
$P$-odd case. Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass
energies of $\sqrt{s}=$7 TeV and 8 TeV, the world's best sensitivity to $CP$
violation in this decay is obtained. The data are found to be consistent with
the hypothesis of $CP$ symmetry with a $p$-value of $(4.6\pm0.5)\%$ in the
$P$-even case, and marginally consistent with a $p$-value of $(0.6\pm0.2)\%$ in
the $P$-odd case, corresponding to a significance for $CP$ non-conservation of
2.7 standard deviations.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-044.htm
Programming Hippocampal Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells into Oligodendrocytes Enhances Remyelination in the Adult Brain after Injury.

Demyelinating diseases are characterized by a loss of oligodendrocytes leading to axonal degeneration and impaired brain function. Current strategies used for the treatment of demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis largely rely on modulation of the immune system. Only limited treatment options are available for treating the later stages of the disease, and these treatments require regenerative therapies to ameliorate the consequences of oligodendrocyte loss and axonal impairment. Directed differentiation of adult hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) into oligodendrocytes may represent an endogenous source of glial cells for cell-replacement strategies aiming to treat demyelinating disease. Here, we show that Ascl1-mediated conversion of hippocampal NSPCs into mature oligodendrocytes enhances remyelination in a diphtheria-toxin (DT)-inducible, genetic model for demyelination. These findings highlight the potential of targeting hippocampal NSPCs for the treatment of demyelinated lesions in the adult brain
Search for new phenomena with the monojet and missing transverse momentum signature using the ATLAS detector in √s = 7 TeV proton–proton collisions

A search for new phenomena in events featuring a high energy jet and large missing transverse momentum in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 33 pb[superscript −1] recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The number of observed events is consistent with the Standard Model prediction. This result is interpreted in terms of limits on a model of Large Extra Dimensions.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the cross section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |ηγ | < 1.37 and 1.56 ≤ |ηγ | < 2.37 in the transverse energy range 25 < ETγ < 1500 GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb⁻¹, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Photon candidates are identified by combining information from the calorimeters and the inner tracker. The background is subtracted using a data-driven technique, based on the observed calorimeter shower-shape variables and the deposition of hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate. The measured cross sections are compared with leading-order and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and are found to be in a good agreement over ten orders of magnitude.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Experimental Evidence on Valuation with Multiple Priors

Contains fulltext :
                  162256pre.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)
                
                  Contains fulltext :
                  162256.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Popular models for decision making under ambiguity assume that people use not one but multiple priors. This paper is a first attempt to experimentally elicit the min and the max of multiple priors directly. In an ambiguous scenario we measure a participant’s single prior, her min and max of multiple priors, and the valuation of an ambiguous asset with the same underlying states as the ambiguous scenario. We use the min and the max of multiple priors to directly test two popular multiple priors models: the maxmin model and the a maxmin model. We find more support for the a maxmin model: although people put about twice the weight on the minimum of multiple priors, they also consider the maximum. Furthermore, we indirectly elicit confidence weights over the whole set of multiple priors and test two additional models: variational preferences and the smooth model of ambiguity. Two particular versions of the variational preferences model explain less than the a maxmin but more than the maxmin model. Overall, the smooth model of ambiguity performs best among all models tested.20 p
Search for the bb ¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson in associated (W/Z)H  production with the ATLAS detector

A search for the bb¯ decay of the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed with the ATLAS experiment using the full dataset recorded at the LHC in Run 1. The integrated luminosities used from pp  collisions at √s=7  and 8 TeV are 4.7 and 20.3 fb⁻¹, respectively. The processes considered are associated (W/Z)H  production, where W→eν/μν , Z→ee/μμ  and Z→νν . The observed (expected) deviation from the background-only hypothesis corresponds to a significance of 1.4 (2.6) standard deviations and the ratio of the measured signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be μ=0.52±0.32(stat.)±0.24(syst.)  for a Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The analysis procedure is validated by a measurement of the yield of (W/Z)Z  production with Z→bb¯ in the same final states as for the Higgs boson search, from which the ratio of the observed signal yield to the Standard Model expectation is found to be 0.74±0.09(stat.)±0.14(syst.)
Search for Higgs boson decays to a photon and a Z boson in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is reported for a neutral Higgs boson in the decay channel H→Zγ, Z→ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ=e,μ), using 4.5 fb−1 of pp collisions at View the MathML source and 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at View the MathML source, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The observed distribution of the invariant mass of the three final-state particles, mℓℓγ, is consistent with the Standard Model hypothesis in the investigated mass range of 120–150 GeV. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.5 GeV, the observed upper limit at the 95% confidence level is 11 times the Standard Model expectation. Upper limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio of a neutral Higgs boson with mass in the range 120–150 GeV between 0.13 and 0.5 pb for View the MathML source at 95% confidence level
Trends in perinatal health in France from 1995 to 2010. Results from the French National Perinatal Surveys

SummaryObjectiveTo study trends in the main indicators of health, medical practices and risk factors in France.Population and methodWe collected data from samples of all births in France during one week in 1995 (n=13318), 1998 (n=13718), 2003 (n=14737) and 2010 (n=14903) and have compared them.ResultsBetween 1995 and 2010, maternal age and body mass index increased steadily, but tobacco use decreased. In 2010, 39.4% of pregnant women had a visit with a midwife in a maternity unit, versus 26.6% in 2003. Deliveries occurred in large public hospitals more and more frequently. The increase in caesarean sections was no longer significant between 2003 and 2010. In general, medical decisions during pregnancy and delivery were closer to professional recommendations in 2010 than in earlier years. Live births before 37 weeks increased steadily from 5.4% in 1995 to 6.6% in 2010, but the proportion of birth weights below 2500g or the 10th percentile stopped increasing after 2003.ConclusionRoutine national perinatal surveys highlight major trends in maternal characteristics, obstetric practices, organisation of services, and perinatal health
On the Nochka–Chen–Ru–Wong proof of Cartan's conjecture

AbstractIn 1982–1983, E. Nochka proved a conjecture of Cartan on defects of holomorphic curves in Pn relative to a possibly degenerate set of hyperplanes. This was further explained by W. Chen in his 1987 thesis, and subsequently simplified by M. Ru and P.-M. Wong in 1991. The proof involved assigning weights to the hyperplanes. This paper provides further simplification of the proof of the construction of the weights, by bringing back the use of the convex hull in working with the “Nochka diagram.
Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractInclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0–5% and 70–80% of the hadronic Pb–Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in |η|<0.8 and 0.3<pT<20 GeV/c are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same sNN, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon–nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor RAA. The result indicates only weak medium effects (RAA≈0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, RAA reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at pT=6–7 GeV/c and increases significantly at larger pT. The measured suppression of high-pT particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC
A geometric wave function for a few interacting bosons in a harmonic trap

AbstractWe establish a new geometric wave function that combined with a variational principle efficiently describes a system of bosons interacting in a one-dimensional trap. By means of a combination of the exact wave function solution for contact interactions and the asymptotic behavior of the harmonic potential solution we obtain the ground state energy, probability density and profiles of a few boson system in a harmonic trap. We are able to access all regimes, ranging from the strongly attractive to the strongly repulsive one with an original and simple formulation
Low-energy ππ photoproduction off nuclei

AbstractIn the present Letter we investigate π0π0 and π±π0 photoproduction off complex nuclei at incident beam energies of 400–460 MeV. Simulations of two pion photoproduction on protons and nuclei are performed by means of a semi-classical BUU transport model including a full coupled-channel treatment of the final state interactions. Elastic scattering of the final state pions with the nucleons in the surrounding nuclear medium is found to yield a downward shift of the ππ invariant mass distribution. We show that the target mass dependence of the π0π0 invariant mass spectrum as measured by the TAPS Collaboration can be explained without introducing medium effects beyond absorption and quasi-elastic scattering of the final state particles. On the other hand, we find considerable discrepancies with the data in the π±π0 channel, which are not understood
Innovative solutions please, as long as they have been proved elsewhere: The case of a polished lime-pozzolan concrete floor

AbstractThis case-study paper tells the story of the development of a bespoke lime-pozzolan concrete for an innovative project application. In this paper, the results of laboratory testing are contextualised by the project-story that steered the research programme. This is an example of a collaborative endeavour to implement a novel low-carbon construction technology in the field.Evolution of the design in parallel with laboratory testing resulted in the development and specification of a polished lime-pozzolan concrete floor incorporating site-won oolitic limestone aggregate. To the disappointment of the client and the design team, this innovative solution was abandoned at the point the contractor was appointed and changed to a proprietary polished metallic dry shake floor system. The project, a new build extension to a local authority secondary school, was completed in September 2013
Measurement of the inclusive differential jet cross section in pp collisions at s=2.76 TeV

AbstractThe ALICE Collaboration at the CERN Large Hadron Collider reports the first measurement of the inclusive differential jet cross section at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at s=2.76 TeV, with integrated luminosity of 13.6 nb−1. Jets are measured over the transverse momentum range 20 to 125 GeV/c and are corrected to the particle level. Calculations based on Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD are in good agreement with the measurements. The ratio of inclusive jet cross sections for jet radii R=0.2 and R=0.4 is reported, and is also well reproduced by a Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD calculation when hadronization effects are included
Lower limit on the gravitino mass in low-scale gauge mediation with mH≃125GeV

AbstractWe revisit low-scale gauge mediation models in light of recent observations of CMB Lensing and Cosmic Shear which put a severe upper limit on the gravitino mass, m3/2≲4.7eV. With such a stringent constraint, many models of low-scale gauge mediation are disfavored when the squark masses are required to be rather large to explain the observed Higgs boson mass unless the gravitino abundance is diluted by late time entropy production. In this note, we discuss a type of low-scale gauge mediation models which satisfy both the observed Higgs boson mass and the upper limit on the gravitino mass. We also show that the gravitino mass cannot be smaller than about 1 eV even in such models, which may be tested in future observations of 21 cm line fluctuations
HYM-flation: Yang–Mills cosmology with Horndeski coupling

AbstractWe propose new mechanism for inflation using classical SU(2) Yang–Mills (YM) homogeneous and isotropic field non-minimally coupled to gravity via Horndeski prescription. This is the unique generally and gauge covariant ghost-free YM theory with the curvature-dependent action leading to second-order gravity and Yang–Mills field equations. We show that its solution space contains de Sitter boundary to which the trajectories are attracted for some finite time, ensuring the robust inflation with a graceful exit. The theory can be generalized to include the Higgs field leading to two-steps inflationary scenario, in which the Planck-scale YM-generated inflation naturally prepares the desired initial conditions for the GUT-scale Higgs inflation
Single and double inclusive forward jet production at the LHC at s=7 and 13 TeV

AbstractWe provide a description of the transverse momentum spectrum of single inclusive forward jets produced at the LHC, at the center-of-mass energies of 7 and 13 TeV, using the high energy factorization (HEF) framework. We subsequently study double inclusive forward jet production and, in particular, we calculate contributions to azimuthal angle distributions coming from double parton scattering. We also compare our results for double inclusive jet production to those obtained with the Pythia Monte Carlo generator. This comparison confirms that the HEF resummation acts like an initial state parton shower. It also points towards the need to include final state radiation effects in the HEF formalism
An algorithm to describe the solution set of any tropical linear system A⊙x=B⊙x

AbstractAn algorithm to give an explicit description of all the solutions to any tropical linear system A⊙x=B⊙x is presented. The given system is converted into a finite (rather small) number p of pairs (S,T) of classical linear systems: a system S of equations and a system T of inequalities. The notion, introduced here, that makes p small, is called compatibility. The particular feature of both S and T is that each item (equation or inequality) is bivariate, i.e., it involves exactly two variables; one variable with coefficient 1 and the other one with -1. S is solved by Gaussian elimination. We explain how to solve T by a method similar to Gaussian elimination. To achieve this, we introduce the notion of sub-special matrix. The procedure applied to T is, therefore, called sub-specialization
Health, employment and relationships: Correlates of personal wellbeing in young adults with and without a history of childhood language impairment

AbstractObjectiveWe examine the potential associations between self-rated health, employment situation, relationship status and personal wellbeing in young adults with and without a history of language impairment (LI).MethodsIn total, 172 24-year-olds from the UK participated, with approximately half (N = 84) having a history of LI. Personal wellbeing was measured using ratings from three questions from the Office for National Statistics regarding life satisfaction, happiness and life being worthwhile.ResultsThere were similarities between individuals with a history of LI and their age-matched peers in self-rated personal wellbeing. However, regression analyses revealed self-rated health was the most consistent predictor of personal wellbeing for individuals with a history of LI in relation to life satisfaction (21% of variance), happiness (11%) and perceptions that things one does in life are worthwhile (32%). None of the regression analyses were significant for their peers.ConclusionsSimilarities on ratings of wellbeing by young adults with and without a history of LI can mask heterogeneity and important differences. Young adults with a history of LI are more vulnerable to the effects of health, employment and relationship status on their wellbeing than their peers
π+–π0 mass difference in the Hidden Local Symmetry: a dynamical origin of little Higgs

AbstractWe calculate π+–π0 mass difference Δmπ2≡mπ+2−mπ02 in the Hidden Local Symmetry (HLS) model, based on the Wilsonian matching and Wilsonian renormalization-group equations. Even without a1 meson the result agrees well with the experiment in sharp contrast to the conventional approach where the a1 meson plays a crucial role. For large Nf QCD, there arises a large hierarchy between Δmπ2 and the π decay constant Fπ2, Δmπ2/Fπ2⪡1, near the critical point where the chiral symmetry gets restored as the vector manifestation and the HLS model becomes a little Higgs model with two sites and two links, with the dynamically generated gauge coupling of the composite ρ becoming vanishingly small
Absence of molybdenum isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation at Hekla volcano, Iceland

AbstractThis study investigates the behaviour of molybdenum (Mo) isotopes during magmatic differentiation. Molybdenum isotope compositions, as well as concentrations of rare earth elements and a selection of trace elements, have been determined for a well characterised sequence of lavas from Hekla volcano, Iceland, covering a compositional range from basalt to rhyolite (46–72wt.% SiO2), and thought to have developed by differentiation and mixing of melts derived from a cogenetic source. All samples have identical Mo isotopic compositions with an average δ98Mo of −0.15±0.05‰ (2 s.d.; n=23). There is therefore no resolvable Mo isotope fractionation during magmatic differentiation at Hekla. This finding is supported by the fact that Mo remains highly incompatible in Hekla lavas, increasing from 1.3 to 4.6μg/g from basalt to rhyolite, indicating that the crystallising phases are extracting only limited amounts of Mo from the magma and therefore that significant fractionation of Mo isotopes is unlikely. It has previously been proposed that cerium (Ce) and Mo have similar bulk distribution coefficients and are equally incompatible during mantle melting. While both Ce and Mo remain incompatible in Hekla lavas, the Ce/Mo ratio decreases from 50 to 36 during magmatic differentiation indicating that Mo is more incompatible than Ce. Comparison of Mo with other incompatible trace elements indicates that Mo is as incompatible as La and slightly less incompatible than K. Sulphur (S) decreases strongly from ∼200 to as low as ∼2μg/g from basalt to andesite and more evolved compositions, yet this has no effect on the Mo isotopes. Therefore, Mo does not exhibit significant chalcophile behaviour in Hekla magmas. The Mo isotopic signature therefore may be used as an indicator of parent magma composition and a potential discriminant of assimilation processes