pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The topological realization

In this paper, I argue that the newly developed network approach in neu- roscience and biology provides a basis for formulating a unique type of realization, which I call topological realization. Some of its features and its relation to one of the dominant paradigms of realization and explanation in sciences, i.e. the mecha- nistic one, are already being discussed in the literature. But the detailed features of topological realization, its explanatory power and its relation to another prominent view of realization, namely the semantic one, have not yet been discussed. I argue that topological realization is distinct from mechanistic and semantic ones because the realization base in this framework is not based on local realisers, regardless of the scale (because the local vs global distinction can be applied at any scale) but on global realizers. In mechanistic approach, the realization base is always at the local level, in both ontic (Craver 2007, 2014) and epistemic accounts (Bechtel and Richardson 2010). The explanatory power of realization relation in mechanistic approach comes directly from the realization relation-either by showing how a model is mapped onto a mechanism, or by describing some ontic relations that are explanatory in themselves. Similarly, the semantic approach requires that concepts at different scales logically satisfy microphysical descriptions, which are at the local level. In topological frame- work the realization base can be found at different scales, but whatever the scale the realization base is global, within that scale, and not local. Furthermore, topological realization enables us to answer the “why” questions, which according to Polger 2010 make it explanatory. The explanatoriness of topological realization stems from under- standing mathematical consequences of different topologies, not from the mere fact that a system realizes them
Seasonal variation of biogas upgrading coupled with digestate treatment in an outdoors pilot scale algal-bacterial photobioreactor

Producción CientíficaThe yearly variations of the quality of the upgraded biogas and the efficiency of digestate treatment were evaluated in an outdoors pilot scale high rate algal pond (HRAP) interconnected to an external absorption column (AC) via a conical settler. CO2 concentrations in the upgraded biogas ranged from 0.7% in August to 11.9% in December, while a complete H2S removal was achieved regardless of the operational month. CH4 concentrations ranged from 85.2% in December to 97.9% in June, with a limited O2 and N2 stripping in the upgraded biogas mediated by the low recycling liquid/biogas ratio in the AC. Biomass productivity ranged from 0.0 g m−2 d−1 in winter to 22.5 g m−2 d−1 in summer. Finally, microalgae diversity was severely reduced throughout the year likely due to the increasing salinity in the cultivation broth of the HRAP induced by process operation in the absence of effluent.INCOVER - Innovative Eco-Technologies for Resource Recovery from Wastewater (689242
Facing climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of climate-smart agriculture opportunities to manage climate-related risks

In the literature, a lot of information is available about climate change perceptions and impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited attention in the region to emerging initiatives, technologies and policies that are tailored to building the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems to climate change and variability. In this paper, we discuss the prospects for climate-smart agriculture technologies and enabling policies in dealing with climate change and variability at different sub-regional levels of sub-Saharan Africa to sustain farm productivity and livelihoods of agrarian communities. The review provides substantial information suggesting that without appropriate interventions, climate change and variability will affect agricultural yields, food security and add to the presently unaceptable levels of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Although some of them were already existing, the past decades have seen the development and promotion of climate-smart agriculture innovations such as the use of high yielding drought tolerant crop varieties, climate information services, agricultural insurance, agroforestry, water harvesting techniques, integrated soil fertility management practices, etc. In the context of climate change, this appears as a stepping up approach to sustainably improving farm productivity, rural livelihoods and adaptive capacity of farmers and production systems while contributing to mitigation. The development of regional, sub-regional and national climate change policies and plans targeted at mitigating climate change and improving adaptive capacity of the African people have also been developed to enable mainstreaming of climate-smart agriculture into agricultural development plans. Financial commitments from governments and development agencies will be crucial for improving large scale adoption of climate-smart agriculture
Experimental Philosophy of Pain

The standard view of pains among philosophers today is that their existence consists in being experienced. The typical line of support offered for this view is that it corresponds with the ordinary or commonsense conception of pain. Despite this, a growing body of evidence from experimental philosophers indicates that the ordinary understanding of pain stands in contrast to the standard view among philosophers. In this paper, we will survey this literature and add to it, detailing the results of seven new studies on the ordinary understanding of pain using both questionnaire and corpus analysis methods
Brain structural and functional recovery following initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy

NeuroAIDS persists in the era of combination antiretroviral therapies. We describe here the recovery of brain structure and function following 6 months of therapy in a treatment-naive patient presenting with HIV-associated dementia. The patient’s neuropsychological test performance improved and his total brain volume increased by more than 5 %. Neuronal functional connectivity measured by magnetoencephalography changed from a pattern identical to that observed in other HIV-infected individuals to one that was indistinguishable from that of uninfected control subjects. These data suggest that at least some of the effects of HIV on the brain can be fully reversed with treatment
Investigation of advanced strain-path dependent material models for sheet metal forming simulations

Sheet metal forming processes often involve complex loading sequences. To improve the prediction of some undesirable phenomena, such as springback, physical behavior models should be considered. This paper investigates springback behavior predicted by advanced elastoplastic hardening models which combine isotropic and kinematic hardening and take strain-path changes into account. A dislocation-based microstructural hardening model formulated from physical observations and the more classical cyclic model of Chaboche have been considered in this work. Numerical implementation was carried out in the ABAQUS software using a return mapping algorithm with a combined backward Euler and semi-analytical integration scheme of the constitutive equations. The capability of each model to reproduce transient hardening phenomena at abrupt strain-path changes has been shown via simulations of sequential rheological tests. A springback analysis of strip drawing tests was performed in order to emphasize the impact of several influential parameters, namely: process, numerical and behavior parameters. The effect of the two hardening models with respect to the process parameters has been specifically highlighted
The onset of three-dimensional centrifugal global modes and their nonlinear development in a recirculating flow over a flat surface

Publisher version : http://pof.aip.org/resource/1/phfle6/v22/i11/p114102_s1?isAuthorized=noThe three-dimensional stability dynamics of a separation bubble over a flat plate has been studied in both linear and nonlinear conditions. Using a global eigenvalue analysis, two centrifugal global modes are identified: an asymptotically unstable three-dimensional weakly growing mode which appears to be originated by a Rayleigh instability; a marginally stable three-dimensional steady mode which is originated by a convective Gortler instability. Direct numerical simulations show that both modes play a role in the route to transition toward the turbulent flow. A structural sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the mechanism of selection of the path toward transition when small perturbations are considered. Finally, a scenario of transition via Gortler modes breakdown is studied in detail, revealing the formation of trains of hairpin vortices in streamwise succession
A systematic comparison of two empirical gas-liquid mass transfer determination methodologies to characterize methane biodegradation in stirred tank bioreactors

Producción CientíficaThis study aimed at systematically comparing the potential of two empirical methods for the estimation of the volumetric CH4 mass transfer coefficient (klaCH4), namely gassing-out and oxygen transfer rate (OTR), to describe CH4 biodegradation in a fermenter operated with a methanotrophic consortium at 400, 600 and 800 rpm. The klaCH4 estimated from the OTR methodology accurately predicted the CH4 elimination capacity (EC) under CH4 mass transfer limiting conditions regardless of the stirring rate (∼9% of average error between empirical and estimated ECs). Thus, empirical CH4-ECs of 37.8 ± 5.8, 42.5 ± 5.4 and 62.3 ± 5.2 g CH4 m−3 h−1 vs predicted CH4-ECs of 35.6 ± 2.2, 50.1 ± 2.3 and 59.6 ± 3.4 g CH4 m−3 h−1 were recorded at 400, 600 and 800 rpm, respectively. The rapid Co2+-catalyzed reaction of O2 with SO3−2 in the vicinity of the gas-liquid interphase during OTR determinations, mimicking microbial CH4 uptake in the biotic experiments, was central to accurately describe the klaCH4.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - FEDER (Project CTM 2015–70442-R and Red NOVEDAR
Development of Novel Glucose and Pyruvate Biosensors at Poly(Neutral Red) Modified Carbon Film Electrodes. Application to Natural Samples

Amperometric biosensors based on the corresponding oxidase enzyme with poly(neutral red) redox mediator have been developed for the determination of glucose and pyruvate. The enzymes have been immobilized on top of poly(neutral red) modified carbon film electrodes with glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The biosensors were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The glucose biosensor exhibited a linear response in the range 90 muM to 1.8 mM with a detection limit of 22 muM and the pyruvate biosensor in the range 90 to 600 muM with a detection limit of 34 muM. The relative standard deviations were found to be 2.1% (n=3) and 2.8% (n=4) respectively. The interference effects of various compounds were also studied. The glucose content of several types of wine and the amount of pyruvate in onion and garlic were determined and the results were compared with those obtained by standard spectrophotometric methods.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20050346
BFCA+: Automatic Synthesis of Parallel Code with TLS Capabilities

Producción CientíficaParallelization of sequential applications requires extracting information about the loops and how their variables are accessed, and afterwards, augmenting the source code with extra code depending on such information. In this paper we propose a framework that avoids such an error-prone, time-consuming task. Our solution leverages the compile-time information extracted from the source code to classify all variables used inside each loop according to their accesses. Then, our system, called BFCA+, automatically instruments the source code with the necessary OpenMP directives and clauses to allow its parallel execution, using the standard shared and private clauses for variable classification. The framework is also capable of instrumenting loops for speculative parallelization, with the help of the ATLaS runtime system, that defines a new speculative clause to point out those variables that may lead to a dependency violation. As a result, the target loop is guaranteed to correctly run in parallel, ensuring that its execution follows sequential semantics even in the presence of dependency violations. Our experimental evaluation shows that the framework not only saves development time, but also leads to a faster code than the one manually parallelized.MICINN (Spain) and ERDF program of the European Union: HomProg-HetSys project (TIN2014-58876-P), CAPAPH5 network (TIN2014-53522-REDT), and COST Program Action IC1305: Network for Sustainable Ultrascale Computing (NESUS)
How well can we guess theoretical uncertainties?

The problem of estimating the effect of missing higher orders in perturbation
theory is analyzed with emphasis in the application to Higgs production in
gluon-gluon fusion. Well-known mathematical methods for an approximated
completion of the perturbative series are applied with the goal to not truncate
the series, but complete it in a well-defined way, so as to increase the
accuracy - if not the precision - of theoretical predictions. The uncertainty
arising from the use of the completion procedure is discussed and a recipe for
constructing a corresponding probability distribution function is proposed
Simple currents versus orbifolds with discrete torsion -- a complete classification

We give a complete classification of all simple current modular invariants, extending previous results for $(\Zbf_p)^k$ to arbitrary centers. We obtain a simple explicit formula for the most general case. Using orbifold techniques to this end, we find a one-to-one correspondence between simple current invariants and subgroups of the center with discrete torsions. As a by-product, we prove the conjectured monodromy independence of the total number of such invariants. The orbifold approach works in a straightforward way for symmetries of odd order, but some modifications are required to deal with symmetries of even order. With these modifications the orbifold construction with discrete torsion is complete within the class of simple current invariants. Surprisingly, there are cases where discrete torsion is a necessity rather than a possibility
Creating and modelling personal socio-economic networks in on-line banking

The banking industry is observing how new competitors threaten its millennial business model by targeting unbanked people, offering new financial services to their customer base, and even enabling new channels for existing services and customers. The knowledge on users, their behaviour, and expectations become a key asset in this new context. Well aware of this situation, the Center for Open Middleware, a joint technology center created by Santander Bank and Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, has launched a set of initiatives to allow the experimental analysis and management of socio-economic information. PosdataP2P service is one of them, which seeks to model the economic ties between the holders of university smart cards, leveraging on the social networks the holders are subscribed to. In this paper we describe the design principles guiding the development of the system, its architecture and some implementation details
Mutual Manipulability and Causal Inbetweenness

Carl Craver's mutual manipulability criterion aims to pick out all and only those components of a mechanism that are constitutively relevant with respect to a given phenomenon. In devising his criterion, Craver has made heavy use of the notion of an ideal intervention, which is a tool for illuminating causal concepts in causal models. The problem is that typical mechanistic models contain non-causal relations in addition to causal ones, and so the question as to the applicability of ideal interventions arises. In this paper, I first show why top-down interventions in mechanistic models are likely to violate the standard conditions for ideal interventions under two familiar metaphysics of mechanistic models: those based on supervenience and realization. Drawing from recent developments in the causal exclusion literature, I then argue for the appropriateness of an extended notion of an ideal intervention. Finally, I show why adopting such an extended notion leads to the surprising consequence that an important subset of mechanistic interlevel relations come out as causal. I call the resulting metaphysical account by the name `causal inbetweenness'
GZK photon constraints on Planck scale Lorentz violation in QED

We show how the argument exploited by Galaverni & Sigl in Phys. Rev. Lett.,
100, 021102 (2008) (see also arXiv:0708.1737) to constrain Lorentz invariance
violation (LV) using Ultra-High-Energy photon non observation by the AUGER
experiment, can be extended to QED with Planck-suppressed LV (at order $O(E/M)$
and $O(E^2/M^2)$). While the original constraints given by Galaverni & Sigl
happen to be weakened, we show that, when used together with other EFT
reactions and the expected detection of photons at $E > 10^{19}$ eV by AUGER,
this method has the potentiality not only to basically rule out order $O(E/M)$
corrections but also to strongly constrain, for the first time, the CPT-even
$O(E^2/M^2)$ LV QED
The running coupling of the minimal sextet composite Higgs model

We compute the renormalized running coupling of SU(3) gauge theory coupled to N f = 2 flavors of massless Dirac fermions in the 2-index-symmetric (sextet) representation. This model is of particular interest as a minimal realization of the strongly interacting composite Higgs scenario. A recently proposed finite volume gradient flow scheme is used. The calculations are performed at several lattice spacings with two different implementations of the gradient flow allowing for a controlled continuum extrapolation and particular attention is paid to estimating the systematic uncertainties. For small values of the renormalized coupling our results for the β -function agree with perturbation theory. For moderate couplings we observe a downward deviation relative to the 2-loop β -function but in the coupling range where the continuum extrapolation is fully under control we do not observe an infrared fixed point. The explored range includes the locations of the zero of the 3-loop and the 4-loop β -functions in the M S ¯ $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$ scheme. The absence of a non-trivial zero in the β -function in the explored range of the coupling is consistent with our earlier findings based on hadronic observables, the chiral condensate and the GMOR relation. The present work is the first to report continuum non-perturbative results for the sextet model
Distributions in Four-Fermion Processes

The programs WPHACT and WTO, which are designed for computing cross sections
and other relevant observables in the $e^+e^-$ annihilation into four fermions,
are used to make detailed and complete predictions for the semi-leptonic and
fully hadronic channels $e^+e^- \to \barq q l\nu, \barq q \barq q$. Both the
total cross sections in the LEP~2 energy range and some of the most relevant
distributions are analyzed. Particular algorithms are introduced for the fully
hadronic channels in order to analyze the $WW$ physics and to properly define
the signal versus the background. With appropriate kinematical cuts it has been
shown that the Neutral Current background can be made vanishingly small when
the problem of determining the $W$ boson mass is addressed. The remaining
background from the complete Charge Current and Mixed processes is again small
but not completely negligible. A detailed discussion is performed on the
validity of the most relevant approximations such as the double-resonant one.
The inclusion of final state QCD correction, in its {\it naive} form (NQCD), is
discussed and various implementations are examined
Significant role of the truncated Ghrelin Receptor GHS-1Rb in Ghrelin-induced signaling in neurons

The truncated non-signaling ghrelin receptor GHS-R1b has been suggested to simply exert a dominant negative role in the trafficking and signaling of the full and functional ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a. Here we reveal a more complex modulatory role of GHS-R1b. Differential co-expression of GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b, both in HEK-293T cells and in striatal and hippocampal neurons in culture, demonstrates that GHS-R1b acts as a dual modulator of GHS-R1a function: low relative GHS-R1b expression potentiates and high relative GHS-R1b expression inhibits GHS-R1a function by facilitating GHS-R1a trafficking to the plasma membrane and by exerting a negative allosteric effect on GHS-R1a signaling, respectively. We found a preferential Gi/o-coupling of the GHS-R1a-GHS-R1b complex in HEK-293T cells and, unexpectedly, a preferential Gs/olf coupling in both striatal and hippocampal neurons in culture. A dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist blocked ghrelin-induced cAMP accumulation in striatal but not hippocampal neurons, indicating the involvement of D1R in the striatal GHS-R1a-Gs/olf coupling. Experiments in HEK-293T demonstrated that D1R co-expression promotes a switch in GHS-R1a-G protein coupling, from Gi/o to Gs/olf, but only upon co-expression of GHS-R1b. Furthermore, resonance energy transfer experiments showed that D1R interacts with GHS-R1a, but only in the presence of GHS-R1b. Therefore, GHS-R1b not only determines the efficacy of ghrelin-induced GHS-R1a-mediated signaling, but also determines the ability of GHS-R1a to form oligomeric complexes with other receptors promoting profound qualitative changes in ghrelin-induced signaling
Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the B+→K+μ+μ− decay

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B +→ K + μ + μ − are studied with a dataset corresponding to 1.0fb−1 of integrated luminosity, collected by the LHCb experiment. The angular distribution is measured in bins of dimuon invariant mass squared and found to be consistent with Standard Model expectations. Integrating the differential branching fraction over the full dimuon invariant mass range yields a total branching fraction of B (B + → K + μ + μ −) = (4.36 ± 0.15 ± 0.18) × 10−7. These measurements are the most precise to date of the B + → K + μ + μ − decay
Large bolometer arrays with superconducting NbSi sensors for future space experiments

International audienceNew techniques in microelectronics allow to build large arrays of bolometers filling the focal plane of submillimeter and millimeter telescopes. The expected sensitivity increase is the key for the next generation of space experiments in this wavelength range. Superconducting bolometers offer currently the best prospects in terms of sensitivity and multiplexed readout. We present here the developments led in France based on NbSi alloy thermometers. The manufacturing process of a 23 pixel array and the test setup are described