pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Headache impairs attentional performance : a conceptual replication and extension

Pain is thought to capture our attention. A consequence is that our performance on other tasks may suffer. Research has supported this, showing that pain disrupts our ability to perform various attention tasks. However, the specific nature of the effect of pain on attention is inconsistent, possibly due to different studies investigating different types of pain. Few studies seek to replicate basic findings. In this study, we conceptually replicated and extended the headache study by Moore, Keogh, and Eccleston in 2013, by including 2 additional attention tasks, a broader sample, and measures of affect and pain cognition. Participants performed 5 complex attention tasks and a choice reaction time task with and without a naturally-occurring headache. Headache slowed reaction times to 4 of the 5 complex tasks, and this could be attributed to a slower basic processing speed measured using the choice reaction time task. Our findings differ from those of Moore et al in their headache study, suggesting that the effect of pain on attention is dynamic, even within a given type of pain. Whereas there is growing evidence that pain does disrupt attention, we cannot yet predict the specific nature of disruption in any given case. Perspective: We extended a study investigating the effect of headache on attention. Although both studies showed attentional disruption, the specific effects differed. Research must establish when and why the effect of pain on attention varies before we will be able to develop interventions to reduce attentional disruption from pain. (C) 2016 by the American Pain Societ
Buildings behaving badly: a behavioral experiment on how different motivational frames influence residential energy label adoption in the Netherlands

Heating buildings contributes to approximately 36 % of Europe’s energy demand and several EU member states have adopted mandatory energy labels to improve energy efficiency by promoting home weatherization investments. This paper focuses on the perception of the energy label for residential buildings in the Netherlands and the role of different frames (egoistic, biospheric and social norms and neutral frames) in motivating adoption of energy labels for housing. We used a behavioral email experiment and an online survey to investigate these motivational factors. We find that biospheric frames are weaker than the other three motivational frames in terms of engaging interest in the energy label, but that the biospheric frame results in higher willingness to pay (WTP) for the energy label. We also find that age (rather than income) correlates with higher WTP for home energy labels
Observation of two types of fractional excitation in the Kitaev honeycomb magnet.

Quantum spin liquid is a disordered but highly entangled magnetic state with fractional spin excitations1. The ground state of an exactly solved Kitaev honeycomb model is perhaps its clearest example2. Under a magnetic field, a spin flip in this model fractionalizes into two types of anyon, a quasiparticle with more complex exchange statistics than standard fermions or bosons: a pair of gauge fluxes and a Majorana fermion2,3. Here, we demonstrate this kind of fractionalization in the Kitaev paramagnetic state of the honeycomb magnet α-RuCl3. The spin excitation gap determined by nuclear magnetic resonance consists of the predicted Majorana fermion contribution following the cube of the applied magnetic field2,4,5, and a finite zero-field contribution matching the predicted size of the gauge flux gap2,6. The observed fractionalization into gapped anyons survives in a broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields, which establishes α-RuCl3 as a unique platform for future investigations of anyons
Interaction between LiH molecule and Li atom from state-of-the-art electronic structure calculations.

State-of-the-art ab initio techniques have been applied to compute the potential energy surface for the lithium atom interacting with the lithium hydride molecule in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The interaction potential was obtained using a combination of the explicitly correlated unrestricted coupled-cluster method with single, double, and noniterative triple excitations [UCCSD(T)-F12] for the core–core and core–valence correlation and full configuration interaction for the valence–valence correlation. The potential energy surface has a global minimum 8743 cm−1 deep if the Li–H bond length is held fixed at the monomer equilibrium distance or 8825 cm−1 deep if it is allowed to vary. In order to evaluate the performance of the conventional CCSD(T) approach, calculations were carried out using correlation-consistent polarized valence X-tuple-zeta basis sets, with X ranging from 2 to 5, and a very large set of bond functions. Using simple two-point extrapolations based on the single-power laws X−2 and X−3 for the orbital basis sets, we were able to reproduce the CCSD(T)–F12 results for the characteristic points of the potential with an error of 0.49% at worst. The contribution beyond the CCSD(T)–F12 model, obtained from full configuration interaction calculations for the valence–valence correlation, was shown to be very small, and the error bars on the potential were estimated. At linear LiH–Li geometries, the ground-state potential shows an avoided crossing with an ion-pair potential. The energy difference between the ground-state and excited-state potentials at the avoided crossing is only 94 cm−1. Using both adiabatic and diabatic pictures, we analyze the interaction between the two potential energy surfaces and its possible impact on the collisional dynamics. When the Li–H bond is allowed to vary, a seam of conical intersections appears at C2v geometries. At the linear LiH–Li geometry, the conical intersection is at a Li–H distance which is only slightly larger than the monomer equilibrium distance, but for nonlinear geometries it quickly shifts to Li–H distances that are well outside the classical turning points of the ground-state potential of LiH. This suggests that the conical intersection will have little impact on the dynamics of Li–LiH collisions at ultralow temperatures. Finally, the reaction channels for the exchange and insertion reactions are also analyzed and found to be unimportant for the dynamics
Destination marketing organizations and destination \ud
marketing : a narrative analysis of the literature

This article presents the first narrative analysis of the areas of research that have developed within the destination marketing field since its commencement in 1973. Given the broad extent of the field, and the absence of any previous reviews in four decades, a key challenge is in providing a focus for such a disparate body of knowledge. The review is structured around one principal question: ‘To what extent is the Destination Marketing Organisation (DMO) responsible for the competitiveness of the destination’? In pursuit of this underlying question, we address a number of themes including nomenclature and the DMO, the evolution of the destination marketing literature, competitiveness as the DMO reason d’être, and DMO effectiveness including issues of branding and positioning, and future research themes in the field
Response of Sphagnum papillosum and Drosera rotundifolia to reduced and oxidized wet nitrogen deposition

The final publication is available at link.springer.com.We transplanted Sphagnum 'turfs' containing abundant Drosera rotundifolia into an existing nitrogen deposition experiment at Whim Moss near Edinburgh. These mesocosms received simulated N deposition as either NH or NO , to give total N deposition rates of approximately 8, 16 or 32, or 64 kg N ha year . Simulated N deposition was added in a realistic way (i. e., with rainfall throughout the year). The δ N of this added N was elevated relative to background N. We measured the tissue chemistry and δ N of Sphagnum papillosum and D. rotundifolia over two years after transplant. Our aim was to determine uptake of the deposited N and the impact on S. papillosum tissue chemistry and D. rotundifolia tissue chemistry and ecology. We found clear, significant impacts of N deposition on S. papillosum, with increased capitula N content and reduced C:N ratio. Increased δ N indicated uptake of deposited N. The response of D. rotundifolia was less clear with impacts only at the highest rate of N deposition. There was no evidence of differential uptake of reduced or oxidized wet N deposition by either S. papillosum or D. rotundifolia. Using the natural abundance stable isotope method we estimated the minimum contribution of prey N to the total N in D. rotundifolia to be 35%. The results suggest that differences in the uptake of reduced or oxidized wet N deposition might not be ecologically significant when wet N deposition is added realistically. They also support the suggestion that a model of N dynamics in Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems that includes the role of Sphagnum as a small-scale ecosystem engineer, is required to predict vascular plant responses to N deposition accurately
Design concepts for the Cherenkov telescope array CTA: an advanced facility for ground-based high-energy gamma-ray astronomy\ud

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has had a major breakthrough with the impressive results obtained using systems of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. CTA is an international initiative to build the next generation instrument, with a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV-10 TeV range and the extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA will consist of two arrays (one in the north, one in the south) for full sky coverage and will be operated as open observatory. The design of CTA is based on currently available technology. This document reports on the status and presents the major design concepts of CTA.\u
Ground-State Magnetization in Disordered Systems : Exchange vs.
  Off-Diagonal Interaction Fluctuations

In a Hartree-Fock picture, itinerant ferromagnetism results from a
competition between kinetic and exchange energy, with the magnetized state
being favored at large interaction strength. In a recent paper \cite{spings} we
showed that in contrast to this average effect, fluctuations of off-diagonal
interaction matrix elements systematically reduce the ground-state
magnetization. When the interaction dominates, the occurence of a non-zero
ground-state magnetization depends on the ratio $\lambda$ between average
exchange energy and the fluctuation amplitude of the off-diagonal matrix
elements, and a nonzero critical value $\lambda_c$ is necessary to magnetize
the ground-state. We extend these results by numerical studies of $\lambda$ for
standard tight-binding models which indicate a regime of intermediate disorder
where off-diagonal fluctuations should play an important role for ground-state
magnetization. We also emphasize the presence of strong correlations between
minimal eigenvalues of different magnetization blocks which further reduce the
probability of a nonzero ground-state spin.Comment: Talk presented at the VIIIth International Conference on "Hopping and
  Related Phenomena", September 99, Murcia, Spain. Will appear in the
  proceedings : Phys. Stat. Sol. (2000
Mg-Ni-H films as selective coatings: tunable reflectance by layered
  hydrogenation

Unlike other switchable mirrors, Mg2NiHx films show large changes in
reflection that yield very low reflectance (high absorptance) at different
hydrogen contents, far before reaching the semiconducting state. The resulting
reflectance patterns are of interference origin, due to a self-organized
layered hydrogenation mechanism that starts at the substrate interface, and can
therefore be tuned by varying the film thickness. This tunability, together
with the high absorptance contrast observed between the solar and the thermal
energies, strongly suggests the use of these films in smart coatings for solar
applications.Comment: Three two-column pages with 3 figures embedded; RevTE
Coulomb glass simulations: Creation of a set of low-energy many-particle
  states, non-ergodic effects in the specific heat

We have implemented a new numerical method to obtain the low-energy
many-particle states of the Coulomb glass. First, this method creates an
initial set of low-energy states by a hybrid of local search and simulated
annealing approaches. Then, systematically investigating the surroundings of
the states found, this set is completed. The transition rates between these
states are calculated. The connectivity of the corresponding graph is analysed
in dependence on temperature and duration of measurement. We study how the
formation of clusters is reflected in the specific heat as non-ergodic effects.Comment: 5 pages LaTeX, 2 figures PostScript. Proceedings HRP7, to be
  published in phys. stat. sol.
DNA-Protein Cooperative Binding through Long-Range Elastic Coupling

Cooperativity plays an important role in the action of proteins bound to DNA.
A simple, mechanical mechanism for cooperativity, in the form of a
tension-mediated interaction between proteins bound to DNA at two different
locations is proposed. These proteins are not in direct physical contact. DNA
segments intercalating bound proteins are modeled as a Worm-Like Chain, which
is free to deform in two dimensions. The tension-controlled protein-protein
interaction is the consequence of two effects produced by the protein binding.
The first is the introduction of a bend in the host DNA and the second is the
modification of the bending modulus of the DNA in the immediate vicinity of the
bound protein. The interaction between two bound proteins may be either
attractive or repulsive, depending on their relative orientation on the DNA.
Applied tension controls both the strength and the range of protein-protein
interactions in this model. Properties of the cooperative interaction are
discussed, along with experimental implications.Comment: 21 pages LATEX, 9 eps figures. Submitted to Biophysical Journa
Study of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes D0-->Pi-pi+ and D0-->K-K+

Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a new
measurement for the branching ratios of the Cabibbo-suppressed decay modes
D0-->Pi-Pi+ and D0-->K-K+. We measured:
  Gamma(D0-->K-K+)/Gamma(D0-->Pi-Pi+) = 2.81 +/- 0.10(stat) +/- 0.06(syst),
Gamma(D0-->K-K+)/Gamma(D0-->K-Pi+) = 0.0993 +/- 0.0014(stat) +/- 0.0014(syst),
and Gamma(D0-->Pi-Pi+)/Gamma(D0-->K-Pi+) = 0.0353 +/- 0.0012 (stat) +/-
0.0006(syst).
  These values have been combined with other experimental data to extract the
ratios of isospin amplitudes and the phase shifts for the D-->KK and D-->PiPi
decay channels.Comment: 12 pages, 1 Figure, accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.
Inclusive cross-sections for jet production in nucleus-nucleus
  collisions in perturbative QCD

Inclusive cross-sections for gluon jet production are studied numerically in
the perturbative QCD pomeron model for central collisions of identical nuclei
at high energies. Two forms for the inclusive cross-sections, with and without
emission from the triple pomeron vertex, are compared. The difference was found
to reduce to a numerical factor 0.8$\div$ 09 for momenta $k$ below the
saturation momentum $Q_s$. Above $Q_s$ no difference was found at all. The
gluon spectrum was found to be $\sim A$ for $k<Q_s$ and $\sim A^{1.1}$ for
$k>Q_s$. At large $k$ the spectrum falls as $1/k^{2.7\div 3.3}$ flattening with
energy. The multiplicities are proportional to $A$ with a good precision. Their
values are high amd grow rapidly with energy.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure
Hadronic few-body systems in chiral dynamics, -- Few-body systems in
  hadron physics --

Hadronic composite states are introduced as few-body systems in hadron
physics. The $\Lambda(1405)$ resonance is a good example of the hadronic
few-body systems. It has turned out that $\Lambda(1405)$ can be described by
hadronic dynamics in a modern technology which incorporates coupled channel
unitarity framework and chiral dynamics. The idea of the hadronic $\bar KN$
composite state of $\Lambda(1405)$ is extended to kaonic few-body states. It is
concluded that, due to the fact that $K$ and $N$ have similar interaction
nature in s-wave $\bar K$ couplings, there are few-body quasibound states with
kaons systematically just below the break-up thresholds, like $\bar KNN$, $\bar
KKN$ and $\bar KKK$, as well as $\Lambda(1405)$ as a $\bar KN$ quasibound state
and $f_{0}(980)$ and $a_{0}(980)$ as $\bar KK$.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, contribution to 20th International IUPAP
  Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB20), 20-25 August 2011,
  Fukuoka, Japa
Discovery of WASP-65b and WASP-75b: Two Hot Jupiters Without Highly
  Inflated Radii

We report the discovery of two transiting hot Jupiters, WASP-65b (M_pl = 1.55
+/- 0.16 M_J; R_pl = 1.11 +/- 0.06 R_J), and WASP-75b (M_pl = 1.07 +/- 0.05
M_J; R_pl = 1.27 +/- 0.05 R_J). They orbit their host star every 2.311, and
2.484 days, respectively. The planet host WASP-65 is a G6 star (T_eff = 5600 K,
[Fe/H] = -0.07 +/- 0.07, age > 8 Gyr); WASP-75 is an F9 star (T_eff = 6100 K,
[Fe/H] = 0.07 +/- 0.09, age of 3 Gyr). WASP-65b is one of the densest known
exoplanets in the mass range 0.1 and 2.0 M_J (rho_pl = 1.13 +/- 0.08 rho_J), a
mass range where a large fraction of planets are found to be inflated with
respect to theoretical planet models. WASP-65b is one of only a handful of
planets with masses of around 1.5 M_J, a mass regime surprisingly
underrepresented among the currently known hot Jupiters. The radius of
Jupiter-mass WASP-75b is slightly inflated (< 10%) as compared to theoretical
planet models with no core, and has a density similar to that of Saturn (rho_pl
= 0.52 +/- 0.06 rho_J).Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. Version 2 only minor changes; accepted for
  publication to A&
Gas lines from the 5-Myr old optically thin disk around HD141569A.
  Herschel observations and modeling

At the distance of 99-116 pc, HD141569A is one of the nearest HerbigAe stars
that is surrounded by a tenuous disk, probably in transition between a massive
primordial disk and a debris disk. We observed the fine-structure lines of OI
at 63 and 145 micron and the CII line at 157 micron with the PACS instrument
onboard the Herschel Space Telescope as part of the open-time large programme
GASPS. We complemented the atomic line observations with archival Spitzer
spectroscopic and photometric continuum data, a ground-based VLT-VISIR image at
8.6 micron, and 12CO fundamental ro-vibrational and pure rotational J=3-2
observations. We simultaneously modeled the continuum emission and the line
fluxes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCFOST and the
thermo-chemical code ProDiMo to derive the disk gas- and dust properties
assuming no dust settling. The models suggest that the oxygen lines are emitted
from the inner disk around HD141569A, whereas the [CII] line emission is more
extended. The CO submillimeter flux is emitted mostly by the outer disk.
Simultaneous modeling of the photometric and line data using a realistic disk
structure suggests a dust mass derived from grains with a radius smaller than 1
mm of 2.1E-7 MSun and from grains with a radius of up to 1 cm of 4.9E-6 MSun.
We constrained the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) mass to be between
2E-11 and 1..4E-10 MSun assuming circumcircumcoronene (C150H30) as the
representative PAH. The associated PAH abundance relative to hydrogen is lower
than those found in the interstellar medium (3E-7) by two to three orders of
magnitude. The disk around HD141569A is less massive in gas (2.5 to 4.9E-4 MSun
or 67 to 164 MEarth) and has a flat opening angle (<10%). [abridged]Comment: accepted for publication in A&
The WIRCam Deep Survey II: Mass Selected Clustering

We present an analysis of the clustering of galaxies from z ~ 2 to the
present day using the WIRCam Deep Survey (WIRDS). WIRDS combines deep
near-infrared data with the deep optical data from the CFHTLS Deep fields,
providing a photometric data-set over an effective area of 2.4 sq. deg., from
which accurate photometric redshifts and stellar masses can be estimated. We
use the data to calculate the angular correlation function for galaxy samples
split by star-formation activity, stellar mass and redshift. We estimate the
real-space clustering for each sample, determining clustering lengths and
power-law slopes. For galaxies selected by constant mass, we find that the
clustering scale shows no evolution up to z ~ 2. Splitting the galaxy sample by
mass, we see that higher mass galaxies have larger clustering scales at all
redshifts. We use our results to test the GALFORM semi-analytical galaxy
formation model and find the two are consistent. We split the galaxy population
into passive and star-forming populations and find that the passive galaxy
population shows a significantly larger clustering scale at all redshifts than
the star-forming population below masses of ~$10^{11}M_\odot/h$, showing that
even at z ~ 2 passive galaxies exist in denser environments than the bulk of
the star-forming galaxy population. For star-forming galaxies with stellar
masses $>10^{11}M_\odot/h$, we find a clustering strength of ~8Mpc/h across all
redshifts, comparable to the measurements for the passive population. Also, for
star-forming galaxies we see that clustering strength increases for higher
stellar mass systems, however there is little sign of a mass dependence in
passive galaxies. Finally, we investigate the connection between galaxy stellar
mass and dark matter halo mass, showing a clear correlation between the two in
both the WIRDS data and the GALFORM predictions.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&
Fr\'echet derivative for light-like Wilson Loops

We address the equations of motion for the light-like QCD Wilson exponentials
defined in the generalized loop space. We attribute an important class of the
infinitesimal shape variations of the rectangular light-like Wilson loops to
the Fr\'echet derivative associated to a diffeomorphism in loop space what
enables the derivation of the law of the classically conformal-invariant shape
variations. We show explicitly that the Fr\'echet derivative coincides (at
least in the leading perturbative or- der) with the area differential operator
introduced in the previous works. We discuss interesting implications of this
result which will allow one to relate the rapidity evolution and ultra-violet
evolution of phenomenologically important quantum correlation functions (such
as 3-dimensional parton distribution functions) and geometrical properties of
the light-like cusped Wilson loops.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures (revised some typos and misprints
LFV couplings of the extra gauge boson Z' and leptonic decay and
  production of pseudoscalar mesons

Considering the constraints of the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes
$\mu \rightarrow 3e$ and $\tau\rightarrow3\mu$ on the LFV couplings
$Z'\ell_{i}\ell_{j}$, in the contexts of the $E_{6}$ models, the left-right
(LR) models, the "alternative" left-right (ALR) models and the 331 models, we
investigate the contributions of the extra gauge boson $Z'$ to the decay rates
of the processes $\ell_{i}\rightarrow\ell_{j}\nu_{\ell}\nu_{\ell}$,
$\tau\rightarrow\mu P $ and $P\rightarrow \mu e$ with $P=\pi^{0},\eta$ and
$\eta '$. Our numerical results show that the maximal values of the branching
ratios for these processes are not dependent on the $Z'$ mass $M_{Z'}$ at
leader order. The extra gauge boson $Z'_{X}$ predicted by the $E_{6}$ models
can make the maximum value of the branching ratio
$Br(\tau\rightarrow\mu\nu_{\ell}\nu_{\ell})$ reach $1.1\times10^{-7}$. All $Z'$
models considered in this paper can produce significant contributions to the
process $\tau\rightarrow\mu P$. However, the value of $Br(P\rightarrow\mu e)$
is far below its corresponding experimental upper bound.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures; matches published versio