pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Characterizations of Restricted Pairs of Planar Graphs allowing Simultaneous Embeddings with Fixed Edges

A set of planar graphs share a simultaneous embedding if they can be drawn on the same vertex set V in the Euclidean plane without crossings between edges of the same graph. Fixed edges are common edges between graphs that share the same simple curve in the simultaneous drawing. Determining in polynomial time which pairs of graphs share a simultaneous embedding with ﬁxed edges (SEFE) has been open. We give a necessary and suﬃcient condition for whether a SEFE exists for pairs of graphs whose union is homeomorphic to K5 or K3,3 . This allows us to characterize the class of planar graphs that always have a SEFE with any other planar graph. We also characterize the class of biconnected outerplanar graphs that always have a SEFE with any other outerplanar graph. In both cases, we provide eﬃcient algorithms to compute a SEFE. Finally, we provide a linear-time decision algorithm for deciding whether a pair of biconnected outerplanar graphs has a SEFE
Testing a belief-based intervention encouraging sun-safety among adolescents in a high risk area

Objective To provide a preliminary test of a theory of planned behavior (TPB) belief-based intervention to increase adolescents' sun-protective behaviors in a high risk area,  Queensland, Australia.  Methods In the period of October-November, 2007 and May-June, 2008, 80 adolescents (14.53 ᠰ.69 years) were recruited from two secondary schools (one government and one private) in Queensland after obtaining student, parental, and school informed consent. Adolescents were allocated to either a control or intervention condition based on the class they attended. The intervention comprised three, one hour in-school sessions facilitated by Cancer Council Queensland employees with sessions covering the belief basis of the TPB (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control [barrier and motivator] sun-safe beliefs). Participants completed questionnaires assessing sun-safety beliefs, intentions, and behavior pre- and post-intervention. Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance was used to test the effect of the intervention across time on these constructs.  Results Students completing the intervention reported stronger sun-safe normative and motivator beliefs and intentions and the performance of more sun-safe behaviors across time than those in the control condition.  Conclusion Strengthening beliefs about the approval of others and motivators for sun protection may encourage sun-safe cognitions and actions among adolescents.Full Tex
Detecting X-ray Filaments in the Low-Redshift Universe with XEUS and  Constellation-X

We propose a possible way to detect baryons at low redshifts from the analysis of X-ray absorption spectra of bright AGN pairs. A simple semi-analytical model to simulate the spectra is presented. We model the diffuse warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) component, responsible for the X-ray absorption, using inputs from high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations and analytical prescriptions. We show that the number of OVII absorbers per unit redshift with column density larger than 1013.5 cm-2- corresponding to an equivalent width of ~1 km s-1- that will possibly be detectable by XEUS, is >~30 per unit redshift. Constellation-X will detect ~6 OVII absorptions per unit redshift with an equivalent width of 10 km s-1. Our results show that, in a ΛCDM universe, the characteristic size of these absorbers at z~ 0.1 is ~1 h-1 Mpc. The filamentary structure of WHIM can be probed by finding coincident absorption lines in the spectra of background AGN pairs. We estimate that at least 20 AGN pairs at separation <~20 arcmin are needed to detect this filamentary structure at the 3σ level. Assuming observations of distant sources using XEUS for exposure times of 500 ks, we find that the minimum source flux to probe the filamentary structure is ~2 × 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1 in the 0.1-2.4 keV energy band. Thus, most pairs of these extragalactic X-ray bright sources have already been identified in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Re-observation of these objects by future missions could be a powerful way to search for baryons in the low-redshift Universe
Hierarchical stack filtering: a bitplane-based algorithm for massively parallel processors

With the development of novel parallel architectures for image processing, the implementation of well-known image operators needs to be reformulated to take advantage of the so-called massive parallelism. In this work, we propose a general algorithm that implements a large class of nonlinear filters, called stack filters, with a 2D-array processor. The proposed method consists of decomposing an image into bitplanes with the bitwise decomposition and then processes every bitplane hierarchically. The filtered image is reconstructed by simply stacking the filtered bitplanes according to their order of significance. Owing to its hierarchical structure, our algorithm allows us to trade-off between image quality and processing time, and to significantly reduce the computation time of low-entropy images. Also, experimental tests show that the processing time of our method is substantially lower than that of classical methods when using large structuring elements. All these features are of interest to a variety of real-time applications based on morphological operations such as video segmentation and video enhancement.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
An overview of the evolution of infrared spectroscopy applied to bacterial typing

The sustained emergence of new declared bacterial species makes typing a continuous challenge for microbiologists. Molecular biology techniques have a very significant role in the context of bacterial typing, but they are often very laborious, time consuming and eventually fail when dealing with very closely related species. Spectroscopic-based techniques appear in some situations as a viable alternative to molecular methods with advantages in terms of analysis time and cost. Infrared and mass spectrometry are among the most exploited techniques in this context: particularly, infrared spectroscopy emerged as a very promising method with multiple reported successful applications. This article presents a systematic review on infrared spectroscopy applications for bacterial typing, highlighting fundamental aspects of infrared spectroscopy, a detailed literature review (covering different taxonomic levels and bacterial species), advantages and limitations of the technique over molecular biology methods and a comparison with other competing spectroscopic techniques such as MALDI-TOF MS, Raman and intrinsic fluorescence. Infrared spectroscopy possesses a high potential for bacterial typing at distinct taxonomic levels and worthy of further developments and systematization. The development of databases appears fundamental towards the establishment of infrared spectroscopy as a viable method for bacterial typing.FCT -Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(PT2020 UID/QUI/50006/2013)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Two-body photodisintegration of ^{3}He between 7 and 16 MeV

A comprehensive data set is reported for the two-body photodisintegration cross section of ^{3}He using mono-energetic photon beams at eleven energies between 7.0 and 16.0 MeV. A ^{3}He + Xe high-pressure gas scintillator served as target and detector. Although our data are in much better agreement with our state-of-the-art theoretical calculations than the majority of the previous data, these calculations underpredict the new data by about 10%. This disagreement suggests an incomplete understanding of the dynamics of the three-nucleon system and its response to electromagnetic probes
Examining runoff generation processes in the Selke catchment in central Germany : insights from data and semi-distributed numerical model.

Study region:\ud
Our study is focussed on a mesoscale catchment, Selke, in central Germany having an area of 463 km2 with spatially diverse land-use from upland to the low-lying areas in the vicinity of the catchment outlet.\ud
\ud
Study focus:\ud
This study used rainfall-runoff data available on daily time step to examine the spatio-temporal variation of runoff coefficients. We then applied a validated semi-distributed hydrological model, HYPE, for examining the spatio-temporal variation of runoff generating mechanisms. HYPE model was modified in a minor fashion and simulations were conducted again to find out the portion of discharge originating from different runoff generation mechanisms.\ud
\ud
New hydrological insights for the region:\ud
We examined the spatio-temporal variation of runoff generating mechanisms on the sub-basin level on seasonal basis. Our analysis reveals that the runoff generation in the Selke catchment is primarily dominated by shallow sub-surface flow and very rarely the contribution from Dunne overland flow exceeds sub-surface flow. Runoff generated by Hortonian mechanism is very infrequent and almost negligible. We also examined the spatio-temporal variation of runoff coefficients on seasonal basis as well as for individual storms. Due to higher precipitation and topographic relief in the upland catchment of Silberhutte, the runoff coefficients were consistently higher and its peak was found in winter months due to lower evapotranspiration
Stellar Population Gradients in Bulges along the Hubble Sequence: II.
  Relations with Galaxy Properties

We present the analysis of the radial gradients of stellar absorption lines
in a sample of 32 bulges of edge-on spiral galaxies, spanning nearly the full
Hubble sequence (from S0 to Sc types), and a large range of velocity dispersion
(from about 60 to 300 km/s). Different diagnostics such as index-index,
gradient-gradient diagrams, and simple stellar population models are used to
tackle the origin of the variation of the bulge stellar population. We find
that the vast majority of bulges show older age, lower metallicity and higher
[alpha/Fe] in their outer regions than in their central parts. The radial
gradients in [Fe/H] are 2 to 3 times larger than in Log(age). The relation
between gradient and bulge velocity dispersion is interpreted as a gradual
build up of the gradient mean values and their dispersions from high to low
velocity dispersion, rather than a pure correlation. The bulge effective radii
and the Hubble type of the parent galaxies seem to play a more minor role in
causing the observed spatial distributions. At a given velocity dispersion,
bulges and ellipticals share common properties.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Acquired differential regulation of caspase-8 in cisplatin-resistant non-small-cell lung cancer

Failure to efficiently induce apoptosis contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL-2 antagonist killer (BAK) are critical regulators of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, their requirement has not been robustly established in relation to cisplatin. Here, we show that cisplatin can efficiently bypass mitochondrial apoptosis block caused by loss of BAX and BAK, via activation of the extrinsic death receptor pathway in some model cell lines. Apoptosis resistance following cisplatin can only be observed when both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways are blocked, consistent with redundancy between mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In H460 NSCLC cells, caspase-8 cleavage was shown to be induced by cisplatin and is dependent on death receptor 4, death receptor 5, Fas-associated protein with death domain, acid sphingomyelinase and ceramide synthesis. In contrast, cisplatin-resistant cells fail to activate caspase-8 via this pathway despite conserving sensitivity to death ligand-driven activation. Accordingly, caspase-8 activation block acquired during cisplatin resistance, can be bypassed by death receptor agonism
Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association
  with jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W+jets cross
section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the
LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon
decay modes of the W boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and
of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the
event. Measurements are also presented of the ratio of cross sections sigma(W+
\ge n) / sigma(W+ \ge n-1) for inclusive jet multiplicities n=1-4. The results,
based on an integrated luminosity of 1.3 pb-1, have been corrected for all
known detector effects and are quoted in a limited and well-defined range of
jet and lepton kinematics. The measured cross sections are compared to
particle-level predictions based on perturbative QCD. Next-to-leading order
calculations, studied here for n \le 2, are found in good agreement with the
data. Leading-order multiparton event generators, normalized to the NNLO total
cross section, describe the data well for all measured jet multiplicities.Comment: 12 pages plus author list (26 pages total), 5 figures, 5 tables,
  submitted to Physics Letters B (authors.xml file added
Two interacting particles in a random potential: The random matrix model
  revisited

We reinvestigate the validity of mapping the problem of two onsite
interacting particles in a random potential onto an effective random matrix
model. To this end we first study numerically how the non-interacting basis is
coupled by the interaction. Our results indicate that the typical coupling
matrix element decreases significantly faster with increasing single-particle
localization length than is assumed in the random matrix model. We further show
that even for models where the dependency of the coupling matrix element on the
single-particle localization length is correctly described by the corresponding
random matrix model its predictions for the localization length can be
qualitatively incorrect. These results indicate that the mapping of an
interacting random system onto an effective random matrix model is potentially
dangerous. We also discuss how Imry's block-scaling picture for two interacting
particles is influenced by the above arguments.Comment: 19 pages RevTeX preprint style, 11 PS figures; major revison, added
  numerical data on matrix element
Weak localization in the 2D metallic regime of Si-MOS

The negative magnetoresistance due to weak localization is investigated in
the two-dimensional metallic state of Si-MOS structures for high conductance
values between 35 and 120 e^2/h. The extracted phase coherence time is equal to
the momentum relaxation time at 10 K but nearly 100 times longer at the lowest
temperature. Nevertheless, only weak logarithmic corrections to the
conductivity are present in the investigated temperature and concentration
range thus proving the absence of strong quantum effects due to
electron-electron interaction. From saturation effects of the phase coherence
time a lower boundary for spin-orbit scattering of about 200 ps is estimated.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Conf. on "Localization: Disorder and Interaction
  in Transport Phenomena" July 29 - August 2, 1999, Hamburg, German
In-flight Diagnostics in LISA Pathfinder

LISA PathFinder (LPF) will be flown with the objective to test in space key
technologies for LISA. However its sensitivity goals are, for good reason, one
order of magnitude less than those which LISA will have to meet, both in
drag-free and optical metrology requirements, and in the observation frequency
band. While the expected success of LPF will of course be of itself a major
step forward to LISA, one might not forget that a further improvement by an
order of magnitude in performance will still be needed. Clues for the last leap
are to be derived from proper disentanglement of the various sources of noise
which contribute to the total noise, as measured in flight during the
PathFinder mission. This paper describes the principles, workings and
requirements of one of the key tools to serve the above objective: the
diagnostics subsystem. This consists in sets of temperature, magnetic field,
and particle counter sensors, together with generators of controlled thermal
and magnetic perturbations. At least during the commissioning phase, the latter
will be used to identify feed-through coefficients between diagnostics sensor
readings and associated actual noise contributions. A brief progress report of
the current state of development of the diagnostics subsystem will be given as
well.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, presented at the 6th LISA Symposium, Goddard Space
  Flight Center, June 200
Integrable Multicomponent Perfect Fluid Multidimensional Cosmology II:
  Scalar Fields

We consider anisotropic cosmological models with an universe of dimension 4
or more, factorized into n>1 Ricci-flat spaces, containing an m-component
perfect fluid of m non-interacting homogeneous minimally coupled scalar fields
under special conditions. We describe the dynamics of the universe: It has a
Kasner-like behaviour near the singularity and isotropizes during the expansion
to infinity.
  Some of the considered models are integrable, and classical as well as
quantum solutions are found. Some solutions produce inflation from "nothing".
There exist classical asymptotically anti-de Sitter wormholes, and quantum
wormholes with discrete spectrum.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX, subm. to Gen. Rel. Gra
The U_A(1) Problem on the Lattice with Ginsparg-Wilson Fermions

We show how it is possible to give a precise and unambiguous implementation
of the Witten--Veneziano formula for the eta' mass on the lattice, which looks
like the formal continuum one, if the expression of the topological charge
density operator, suggested by fermions obeying the Ginsparg--Wilson relation,
is employed. By using recent numerical results from simulations with overlap
fermions in 2 (abelian Schwinger model) and 4 (QCD) dimensions, one obtains
values for the mass of the lightest pseudo-scalar flavour-singlet state that
agree within errors with theoretical expectations and experimental data,
respectively.Comment: Expanded discussion in section three and in the conclusion
Experimental study of parametric subharmonic instability for internal
  waves

Internal waves are believed to be of primary importance as they affect ocean
mixing and energy transport. Several processes can lead to the breaking of
internal waves and they usually involve non linear interactions between waves.
In this work, we study experimentally the parametric subharmonic instability
(PSI), which provides an efficient mechanism to transfer energy from large to
smaller scales. It corresponds to the destabilization of a primary plane wave
and the spontaneous emission of two secondary waves, of lower frequencies and
different wave vectors. Using a time-frequency analysis, we observe the time
evolution of the secondary waves, thus measuring the growth rate of the
instability. In addition, a Hilbert transform method allows the measurement of
the different wave vectors. We compare these measurements with theoretical
predictions, and study the dependence of the instability with primary wave
frequency and amplitude, revealing a possible effect of the confinement due to
the finite size of the beam, on the selection of the unstable mode
A Progressive Statistical Method for Preconditioning Matrix-Free
  Solution of High-Order Discretization of Linear Time-Dependent Problems

Preconditioning of a linear system obtained from spectral discretization of
time-dependent PDEs often results in a full matrix which is expensive to
compute and store specially when the problem size increases. A matrix-free
implementation is usually applied to resolve this issue. In this framework,
preconditioning is typically challenging since the entries of the matrix are
not explicitly available. In this short note, we propose a statistical approach
to gradually create a preconditioner matrix by collecting the information
obtained from matrix-vector product in the Arnoldi loop of an unpreconditioned
Krylov subspace algorithm. The gathered information are then correlated using a
multiple regressors estimate where the error is assumed to be normally
distributed. This procedure yields a banded diagonal matrix which is then used
as a preconditioner in the next iterative solve. This is repeated between
iterative solves until a good preconditioner is constructed on fly. This
statistically iterative procedure is progressive since the fidelity of the
preconditioning matrix improves by adding more data obtained from matrix-vector
product during the entire solution procedure. The proposed algorithm is
validated for a sample implementation
Jets in multiparticle production in and beyond geometry of proton-proton
  collisions at the LHC

Experimental findings of CMS on properties of jets and underlying events at
high multiplicities in proton-proton interactions at 7 TeV are interpreted as
an indication of increasing role of central collisions with small impact
parameters. We find an indication that the rates of different hard processes
observed by CMS and ALICE universally depend on underlying event
charged-particles multiplicity until it becomes four times more than average.
It is shown that the increase of the overlap area of colliding protons is not
sufficient for explanation of the rate of jet production in events with
charged-particle multiplicity three times higher than average and some new
mechanisms are necessary like interaction of protons in rare configurations of
higher than average gluon density. Such mechanisms are not included in the
present Monte Carlo event generators. Further studies are proposedComment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Building a St\"uckelberg Portal

We construct explicit string theory models realizing the recently proposed
"St\"uckelberg Portal" scenario, a framework for building Z' mediation models
without the need to introduce unwanted exotic matter charged under the Standard
Model. This scenario can be viewed purely field-theoretically, although it is
particularly well motivated from string theory. By analyzing carefully the
St\"uckelberg couplings between the Abelian gauge bosons and the RR axions, we
construct the first global intersecting brane models which extend the Standard
Model with a genuine hidden sector, to which it is nonetheless connected via
U(1) mass mixings. Utilizing the explicit models we construct, we discuss some
broad phenomenological properties and experimental implications of this
scenario such as Z-Z' mixings, dark matter stability and relic density, and
supersymmetry mediation. With an appropriate confining hidden sector, our setup
also provides a minimal realization of the hidden valley scenario. We further
explore the possibility of obtaining small Z' masses from a large ensemble of
U(1) bosons. Related to the St\"uckelberg portal are two mechanisms that
connect the visible and the hidden sectors, namely mediation by
non-perturbative operators and the hidden photon scenario, on which we briefly
comment.Comment: 39 pages, 11 figure