pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Vaginal progesterone prophylaxis for preterm birth (the OPPTIMUM study) : a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial

Acknowledgments We thank the members of the Trial Steering and Data Monitoring Committee and all the people who helped in the conduct of the study (including the OPPTIMUM collaborative group and other clinicians listed in the appendix). We are grateful to Paul Piette (Besins Healthcare Corporate, Brussels, Belgium) and Besins Healthcare for their kind donation of active and placebo drug for use in the study, and to staff of the pharmacy and research and development departments of the participating hospitals. We are also grateful to the many people who helped in this study but who we have been unable to name, and in particular all the women (and their babies) who participated in OPPTIMUM. OPPTIMUM was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme, a Medical Research Council (MRC) and National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) partnership, award number G0700452, revised to 09/800/27. The EME Programme is funded by the MRC and NIHR, with contributions from the Chief Scientist Office in Scotland and National Institute for Social Care and Research in Wales. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the MRC, National Health Service, NIHR, or the Department of Health. The funder had no involvement in data collection, analysis or interpretation, and no role in the writing of this manuscript or the decision to submit for publication.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine and Implications for Duration of Vaccine Efficacy: Secondary Analysis of Data from a phase 3 Randomised Controlled Trial.

The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed the association between anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres and the magnitude and duration of vaccine efficacy using data from a phase 3 trial done between 2009 and 2014. Using data from 8922 African children aged 5-17 months and 6537 African infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination, we analysed the determinants of immunogenicity after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination with or without a booster dose. We assessed the association between the incidence of clinical malaria and anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres using a model of anti-circumsporozoite antibody dynamics and the natural acquisition of protective immunity over time. RTS,S/AS01-induced anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres were greater in children aged 5-17 months than in those aged 6-12 weeks. Pre-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite titres were associated with lower immunogenicity in children aged 6-12 weeks and higher immunogenicity in those aged 5-17 months. The immunogenicity of the booster dose was strongly associated with immunogenicity after primary vaccination. Anti-circumsporozoite titres wane according to a biphasic exponential distribution. In participants aged 5-17 months, the half-life of the short-lived component of the antibody response was 45 days (95% credible interval 42-48) and that of the long-lived component was 591 days (557-632). After primary vaccination 12% (11-13) of the response was estimated to be long-lived, rising to 30% (28-32%) after a booster dose. An anti-circumsporozoite antibody titre of 121 EU/mL (98-153) was estimated to prevent 50% of infections. Waning anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres predict the duration of efficacy against clinical malaria across different age categories and transmission intensities, and efficacy wanes more rapidly at higher transmission intensity. Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres are a surrogate of protection for the magnitude and duration of RTS,S/AS01 efficacy, with or without a booster dose, providing a valuable surrogate of effectiveness for new RTS,S formulations in the age groups considered
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4K γ), a lipid signalling enigma.

The phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Ks) are an important family of enzymes, whose physiological roles are being teased out by a variety of means. Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase γ (PI5P4K γ) is especially intriguing as its in vitro activity is very low. Here we review what is known about this enzyme and discuss some recent advances towards an understanding of its physiology. Additionally, the effects of the ATP-competitive inhibitor I-OMe Tyrphostin AG-538 on all three mammalian PI5P4Ks was explored, including two PI5P4K γ mutants with altered ATP-or PI5P-binding sites. The results suggest a strategy for targeting non-ATP binding sites on inositol lipid kinases.We are very grateful to Dr A. Vandewalle (INSERM U773, Paris, France) for provision of the mpkCCD cell line. M.-L.G. was supported by the BBSRC (Grant RG65394) and J.H.C by the MRC (Grant RG64071).This is the final version of the article. It was first available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2015.11.00
Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions
  at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV

The production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions
at $\sqrt{{\textit s}_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV was studied for $2 < p_{\rm T} < 16$
GeV/$c$ with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed
at forward (p-going direction) and backward (Pb-going direction) rapidity, in
the ranges of rapidity in the center-of-mass system (cms) $2.03<y_{\rm
cms}<3.53$ and $-4.46<y_{\rm cms}<-2.96$, respectively. The production cross
sections and nuclear modification factors are presented as a function of
transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$). At forward rapidity, the nuclear
modification factor is compatible with unity while at backward rapidity, in the
interval $2.5<p_{\rm T}<3.5$ GeV/$c$, it is above unity by more than 2$\sigma$.
The ratio of the forward-to-backward production cross sections is also measured
in the overlapping interval $2.96 < \vert y_{\rm cms} \vert < 3.53$ and is
smaller than unity by 3.7$\sigma$ in $2.5<p_{\rm T}<3.5$ GeV/$c$. The data are
described by model calculations including cold nuclear matter effects.Comment: 25 pages, 4 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 20,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/339
Publishing and impact criteria, and their bearing on Translation Studies: In search of comparability

This paper questions the current concept of quality as used in research assessment rankings and peer review, with special reference to the link often established between impact and the way this impact is measured in the form of citation counting. Taking translation studies as a case study, we will offer a two-level approach to reveal both the macro- and micro-level biases that exist in this regard. We will first review three key aspects related to the idea of the quality of publications, namely peer review, journal indexing, and journal impact factor. We will then pinpoint some of the main macro-level problems regarding current practices and criteria as applied to translation studies, such as Thomson Reuters World of Science's journal coverage, citation patterns, and publication format. Next we will provide a micro-textual and practical perspective, focusing on citation counts and suggesting a series of corrective measures to increase comparability
Higgs self-coupling measurements at a 100 TeV Hadron Collider.

An important physics goal of a possible next-generation high-energy hadron collider will be precision characterisation of the Higgs sector and electroweak symmetry breaking. A crucial part of understanding the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking is measuring the Higgs self-interactions. We study dihiggs production in proton-proton collisions at 100 TeV centre of mass energy in order to estimate the sensitivity such a machine would have to variations in the trilinear Higgs coupling around the Standard Model expectation. We focus on the  bb¯¯γγbb¯γγ  final state, including possible enhancements in sensitivity by exploiting dihiggs recoils against a hard jet. We find that it should be possible to measure the trilinear self-coupling with 40% accuracy given 3/ab and 12% with 30/ab of data
The divorce of Sporothrix and Ophiostoma : solution to a problematic relationship

One of the causal agents of human sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, is the type species of the genus Sporothrix. During the course of the last century the
asexual morphs of many Ophiostoma spp. have also been treated in Sporothrix. More recently several DNA-based studies have suggested that species of Sporothrix and
Ophiostoma converge in what has become known as Ophiostoma s. lat. Were the one fungus one name principles adopted in the Melbourne Code to be applied to
Ophiostoma s. lat., Sporothrix would have priority over Ophiostoma, resulting in more than 100 new combinations. The consequence would be name changes for several
economically important tree pathogens including O. novo-ulmi. Alternatively, Ophiostoma could be conserved against Sporothrix, but this would necessitate changing the
names of the important human pathogens in the group. In this study, we sought to resolve the phylogenetic relationship between Ophiostoma and Sporothrix. DNA
sequences were determined for the ribosomal large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions, as well as the beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes in 65 isolates. The
results revealed Sporothrix as a well-supported monophyletic lineage including 51 taxa, distinct from Ophiostoma s. str. To facilitate future studies exploring species level
resolution within Sporothrix, we defined six species complexes in the genus. These include the Pathogenic Clade containing the four human pathogens, together with the
S. pallida-, S. candida-, S. inflata-, S. gossypina- and S. stenoceras complexes, which include environmental species mostly from soil, hardwoods and Protea
infructescences. The description of Sporothrix is emended to include sexual morphs, and 26 new combinations. Two new names are also provided for species previously
treated as Ophiostoma.The National Research
 Foundation, members of the Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP),
 and the DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB),
 South Africa.http://www.studiesinmycology.org/am2016Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog
Polarization in B→VV decays

AbstractFactorizable amplitudes in B decays to light vector meson pairs give a longitudinal polarization satisfying 1−fL=O(1/mb2). This remains formally true when non-factorizable graphs are included in QCD factorization, and is numerically realized in B→ρρ. In ΔS=1 decays a QCD penguin annihilation graph can effectively contribute at leading power to the transverse and longitudinal amplitudes. The observed longitudinal polarization, fL(B→ϕK*)≈50%, can therefore be accounted for in the SM. The ratio of transverse rates Γ⊥/Γ∥ provides a sensitive test for new right-handed currents. The transverse b→sg dipole operator amplitudes are highly suppressed. CP violation measurements can therefore discriminate between new contributions to the dipole and four quark operators. SU(3)F violation in QCD penguin amplitudes can easily be O(1), in general, due to annihilation. Implications for B→ρK* polarization and New Physics searches are pointed out
Behavioural therapy for smoking cessation: The effectiveness of different intervention types for disadvantaged and affluent smokers

AbstractBackgroundDisadvantaged smokers are less likely to be successful when trying to stop smoking than more affluent smokers. In the UK, NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS) provide a range of pharmacotherapy and behavioural support, delivered by advisors with a range of backgrounds. Whether the types of support provided and who provides it influence differences in quit rates amongst low SES smokers compared with high SES smokers has not previously been examined.Methods202,084 records of smokers in England who attended a NHS Stop Smoking Service between July 2010 and June 2011 were acquired. Smokers were followed-up by services at four weeks post quit date. Multilevel logistic regression models of CO validated quits were employed. Disadvantage was explored through the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) and by eligibility for free prescriptions, an indicator of low income amongst adults aged between 19 and 59 in England.ResultsAffluent smokers were more likely to quit than disadvantaged smokers (OR 1.38 (1.35 to 1.42) for clients who paid for prescriptions compared to those eligible for free prescriptions). 80% of service clients received one-to-one counselling but open group forms of behavioural therapy were more successful (main effect OR 1.26 (1.12 to 1.41)) except amongst some of the most disadvantaged clients (long-term unemployed and prisoners). Closed groups were little deployed and they were not significantly more successful than one-to-one behavioural therapy after controls. Who delivered treatment did make a difference for some clients, with all but the most affluent less likely to be successful if they had been treated by a nurse compared with other types of advisers, including smoking cessation specialists (main effect OR 0.73 (0.65 to 0.83)).ConclusionThis study provides further evidence that disadvantaged smokers find quitting more difficult even when they have attended a smoking cessation programme. The findings suggest that open groups should be promoted, although they may not be as effective as other forms of behavioural therapy for the long-term unemployed or prisoners. Further research is required to explore why most groups of smokers who attended services staffed by nurses were less likely to quit than those who received treatment from other types of advisors
Promoting International Students’ Autonomy: The Experience of Tomsk Polytechnic University

AbstractThe current study aims to define the optimal language teaching conditions for international students to exhibit and develop their autonomy. The survey of foreign and domestic scientific research works provided the grounds upon which to elaborate the concept of autonomy as a combination of activity-meaningful personal qualities necessary for a language learner to become an effective language user, who is able to develop and make full use of communicative abilities in order to successfully accomplish communicative tasks by means of a foreign language. Based on the structural components of Self-conception (cognitive, affective, conative), the typological characteristics of the dynamics in the development of student autonomy in the process of language training are introduced as the levels and criteria for evaluation. The results of diagnostic measuring of autonomy using expert assessment method, combined with students’ self-evaluation at the intermediate and concluding stages of the pedagogic experiment, demonstrated evident positive dynamics in the experimental groups by contrast with one control group. The results obtained in the experimental study prove that the established language teaching conditions are efficient
Vulnerability to Stress and Quality of Life of Women with Urinary Incontinence

AbstractFemale urinary incontinence is a common condition with a relevant impact in the quality of life. The treatment is now possible for a significant number of cases. The purpose of this study is identify the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence and analise the influence of vulnerability to stress and the impact of incontinence on quality of life. This is an exploratory and correlational study, with 200 participants suffering from incontinence who reported urine loss at least once a week in the previous 3 months. The data collection protocol was a questionnaire which allowed for the socio-demographic characterization of the sample. It included the scales of impact of urinary incontinence (UCIQ-SF), KHQ and vulnerability to stress (23 QVS). The average age is 58.42 years (sd = 11.52). The sample presents a moderate quality of life in all areas. Predictor factors of overall quality of life are urge urinary incontinence, the dramatization of existence and deprivation of affection and rejection concerning the vulnerability to stress. Given the results, it is important to alert the female population for the prevention of urinary incontinence, due to the negative impact on quality of life and as a limiting factor in the activities of daily living
Congenital Nystagmus Gene FRMD7 Is Necessary for Establishing a Neuronal Circuit Asymmetry for Direction Selectivity

SummaryNeuronal circuit asymmetries are important components of brain circuits, but the molecular pathways leading to their establishment remain unknown. Here we found that the mutation of FRMD7, a gene that is defective in human congenital nystagmus, leads to the selective loss of the horizontal optokinetic reflex in mice, as it does in humans. This is accompanied by the selective loss of horizontal direction selectivity in retinal ganglion cells and the transition from asymmetric to symmetric inhibitory input to horizontal direction-selective ganglion cells. In wild-type retinas, we found FRMD7 specifically expressed in starburst amacrine cells, the interneuron type that provides asymmetric inhibition to direction-selective retinal ganglion cells. This work identifies FRMD7 as a key regulator in establishing a neuronal circuit asymmetry, and it suggests the involvement of a specific inhibitory neuron type in the pathophysiology of a neurological disease.Video Abstrac
Web Videos – Concerns About Accessibility based on User Centered Design

AbstractRecently, the production and availability of multimedia Web content, as videos, have increased. In this scenario it is important to consider accessibility requirements so that any user can whelm the barriers to access content regardless of the limitations imposed by either deficiency or some temporary restriction. One of the main barriers found in the current players is the restriction to make videos accessible on the Web and little research on how to overcome those limitations has been conducted. This paper describes the three phases of User Centered Design, in which an evaluation with real users of an accessible video player is conducted. A video player, called Facilitas, is proposed in order to provide the rationale of how some of those barriers or limitations could be overcome. Its controls are new and different from the ones in other players. We have observed that by reducing accessibility barriers, the design process leads to an improved product in terms of usability. A user testing is described to explain which controls users frequently use to complete a task
Effective partitioning method for computing weighted Moore–Penrose inverse

AbstractWe introduce a method and an algorithm for computing the weighted Moore–Penrose inverse of multiple-variable polynomial matrix and the related algorithm which is appropriated for sparse polynomial matrices. These methods and algorithms are generalizations of algorithms developed in [M.B. Tasić, P.S. Stanimirović, M.D. Petković, Symbolic computation of weighted Moore–Penrose inverse using partitioning method, Appl. Math. Comput. 189 (2007) 615–640] to multiple-variable rational and polynomial matrices and improvements of these algorithms on sparse matrices. Also, these methods are generalizations of the partitioning method for computing the Moore–Penrose inverse of rational and polynomial matrices introduced in [P.S. Stanimirović, M.B. Tasić, Partitioning method for rational and polynomial matrices, Appl. Math. Comput. 155 (2004) 137–163; M.D. Petković, P.S. Stanimirović, Symbolic computation of the Moore–Penrose inverse using partitioning method, Internat. J. Comput. Math. 82 (2005) 355–367] to the case of weighted Moore–Penrose inverse. Algorithms are implemented in the symbolic computational package MATHEMATICA
Application of strain rate potentials with multiple linear transformations to the description of polycrystal plasticity

AbstractThis paper reviews a class of anisotropic plastic strain-rate potentials, based on linear transformations of the plastic strain-rate tensor. A new formulation is proposed, which includes former models as particular cases and allows for an arbitrary number of linear transformations, involving an increasing number of anisotropy parameters. The formulation is convex and fully three-dimensional, thus being suitable for computer implementation in finite element codes. The parameter identification procedure uses a micromechanical model to generate evenly distributed reference points in the full space of possible loading modes. Material parameters are determined for several anisotropic, fcc and bcc sheet metals, and the gain in accuracy of the new models is demonstrated. For the considered materials, increasing the number of linear transformations leads to a systematic improvement of the accuracy, up to a number of five linear transformations. The proposed model fits very closely the predictions of the micromechanical model in the whole space of plastic strain-rate directions. The r-values, which are not directly used in the identification procedure, served for the validation of the models and to demonstrate their improved accuracy
Langerin+ Dermal DC, but Not Langerhans Cells, Are Required for Effective CD8-Mediated Immune Responses after Skin Scarification with Vaccinia Virus

Skin scarification (s.s.) with vaccinia virus (VACV) is essential for generation of an optimal protective T-cell memory immune response. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are professional antigen-presenting cells, are required for naive T-cell priming and activation. At least three subsets of skin-resident DC have been identified: Langerhans cells (LCs), dermal Langerin+ DC (Lang+dDC), and dermal Langerin− DC (Lang−dDC). Using Langerin-diphtheria toxin receptor mice and established mouse model of VACV delivered by s.s., we demonstrated that Lang+dDC, but not LC, are absolutely required for the induction of a rapid and robust antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response after s.s. with VACV. The depletion of Lang+dDC led to a significant delay in the priming and proliferation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CD8+ T cells generated after VACV s.s. in the absence of Lang+dDC lacked effector cytotoxic functions both in vitro and in vivo. While s.s.-immunized wild-type and LC-depleted mice controlled the progression of OVA257–264 expressing T-cell lymphoma EG7 (injected intradermally), the depletion of Lang+dDC led to rapid lymphoma progression and mortality. These data indicate that of all skin DC subsets, Lang+dDC is the most critical for the generation of robust CD8+ T-cell immunity after s.s. with VACV
Computing role assignments of proper interval graphs in polynomial time

AbstractAn R-role assignment of a graph G is a locally surjective homomorphism from G to graph R. For a fixed graph R, the R-Role Assignment problem is to decide, for an input graph G, whether G has an R-role assignment. When both graphs G and R are given as input, the problem is called Role Assignment. In this paper, we study the latter problem. It is known that R-Role Assignment is NP-complete already when R is a path on three vertices. In order to obtain polynomial time algorithms for Role Assignment, it is therefore necessary to put restrictions on G. So far, the only known non-trivial case for which this problem is solvable in polynomial time is when G is a tree. We present an algorithm that solves Role Assignment in polynomial time when G is a proper interval graph. Thus we identify the first graph class other than trees on which the problem is tractable. As a complementary result, we show that Role Assignment is Graph Isomorphism-hard on chordal graphs, a superclass of proper interval graphs and trees