pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Criminal Corpse, Anatomists, and the Criminal Law: Parliamentary Attempts to Extend the Dissection of Offenders in Late Eighteenth-Century England

Author granted permission for immediate deposit by publisher.In the later eighteenth century, two schemes were introduced in Parliament for extending the practice of handing over the bodies of executed offenders to anatomists for dissection. Both measures were motivated by the needs of the field of anatomy, including the improvement of surgical skill, the development of medical teaching in the provinces, and public anatomical demonstrations. Yet both failed to pass into law due to concerns about the possibly damaging effects in terms of criminal justice. Through a detailed analysis of the origins and progress of these two parliamentary measures—a moment when the competing claims of anatomy and criminal justice vied for supremacy over the criminal corpse—the article sheds light on judicial attitudes to dissection as a method of punishment and adds to our understanding of the reasons why, in the nineteenth century, the dread of dissection would come to fall upon the dead poor rather than executed offenders.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Shot through with voices : dissociation mediates the relationship between varieties of inner speech and auditory hallucination proneness.

Inner speech is a commonly experienced but poorly understood phenomenon. The Varieties of Inner Speech Questionnaire (VISQ; McCarthy-Jones & Fernyhough, 2011) assesses four characteristics of inner speech: dialogicality, evaluative/motivational content, condensation, and the presence of other people. Prior findings have linked anxiety and proneness to auditory hallucinations (AH) to these types of inner speech. This study extends that work by examining how inner speech relates to self-esteem and dissociation, and their combined impact upon AH-proneness. 156 students completed the VISQ and measures of self-esteem, dissociation and AH-proneness. Correlational analyses indicated that evaluative inner speech and other people in inner speech were associated with lower self-esteem and greater frequency of dissociative experiences. Dissociation and VISQ scores, but not self-esteem, predicted AH-proneness. Structural equation modelling supported a mediating role for dissociation between specific components of inner speech (evaluative and other people) and AH-proneness. Implications for the development of “hearing voices” are discussed
Access to financial services: the case of the ‘Mzansi’ account in South Africa

The presence of rationing of financial services in the developing countries is a major obstacle to achieving sustainable growth. In recent years there have been co-ordinated efforts to increase the level of financial inclusion, i.e. to reduce the supply-side constraints restricting access to finance. This paper aims to understand household’s latent behaviour decision making in accessing financial services, by analysing an entry level Mzansi account in South Africa. The willingness to access financial services is not taken as given, but it is instead defined by perceptions and attitudes. The Mzansi intervention is appealing to individuals with basic but insufficient financial education. Aspirations seem to be very influential in revealing the choice of financial services and to this end, Mzansi is perceived as a pre-entry account not meeting the aspirations of individuals aiming to climb up the financial services ladder
Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder.

Considerable uncertainty exists about the defining brain changes associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Understanding and quantifying the sources of uncertainty can help generate novel clinical hypotheses about etiology and assist in the development of biomarkers for indexing disease progression and prognosis. Here we were interested in quantifying case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and each of eight subcortical brain measures: nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, lateral ventricles. In a large study of 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls, we found consistent volumetric reductions in BD patients for mean hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.232; P=3.50 × 10(-7)) and thalamus (d=-0.148; P=4.27 × 10(-3)) and enlarged lateral ventricles (d=-0.260; P=3.93 × 10(-5)) in patients. No significant effect of age at illness onset was detected. Stratifying patients based on clinical subtype (BD type I or type II) revealed that BDI patients had significantly larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala than controls. However, when comparing BDI and BDII patients directly, we did not detect any significant differences in brain volume. This likely represents similar etiology between BD subtype classifications. Exploratory analyses revealed significantly larger thalamic volumes in patients taking lithium compared with patients not taking lithium. We detected no significant differences between BDII patients and controls in the largest such comparison to date. Findings in this study should be interpreted with caution and with careful consideration of the limitations inherent to meta-analyzed neuroimaging comparisons.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 9 February 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2015.227
Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B_s^0 → ϕμ + μ -

The determination of the differential branching fraction and the first angular analysis of the decay B0s → ϕμ + μ − are presented using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at s√=7 TeV. The differential branching fraction is determined in bins of q 2, the invariant dimuon mass squared. Integration over the full q 2 range yields a total branching fraction of B(B0s→ϕμ+μ−)=(7.07+0.64−0.59±0.71±0.71) × 10−7, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third originates from the branching fraction of the normalisation channel. An angular analysis is performed to determine the angular observables F L, S 3, A 6, and A 9. The observables are consistent with Standard Model expectations
Resolving the polyphyletic nature of #Pyricularia# (#Pyriculariaceae#)

Species of Pyricularia (magnaporthe-like sexual morphs) are responsible for major diseases on grasses. Pyricularia oryzae (sexual morph Magnaporthe oryzae) is responsible for the major disease of rice called rice blast disease, and foliar diseases of wheat and millet, while Pyricularia grisea (sexual morph Magnaporthe grisea) is responsible for foliar diseases of Digitaria. Magnaporthe salvinii, M. poae and M. rhizophila produce asexual spores that differ from those of Pyricularia sensu stricto that has pyriform, 2-septate conidia produced on conidiophores with sympodial proliferation. Magnaporthe salvinii was recently allocated to Nakataea, while M. poae and M. rhizophila were placed in Magnaporthiopsis. To clarify the taxonomic relationships among species that are magnaporthe- or pyricularia-like in morphology, we analysed phylogenetic relationships among isolates representing a wide range of host plants by using partial DNA sequences of multiple genes such as LSU, ITS, RPB1, actin and calmodulin. Species of Pyricularia s. str. belong to a monophyletic clade that includes all P. oryzae/P. grisea isolates tested, defining the Pyriculariaceae, which is sister to the Ophioceraceae, representing two novel families. These clades are clearly distinct from species belonging to the Gaeumannomyces pro parte/Magnaporthiopsis/Nakataea generic complex that are monophyletic and define the Magnaporthaceae. A few magnaporthe- and pyricularia-like species are unrelated to Magnaporthaceae and Pyriculariaceae. Pyricularia oryzae/P. grisea isolates cluster into two related clades. Host plants such as Eleusine, Oryza, Setaria or Triticum were exclusively infected by isolates from P. oryzae, while some host plant such as Cenchrus, Echinochloa, Lolium, Pennisetum or Zingiber were infected by different Pyricularia species. This demonstrates that host range cannot be used as taxonomic criterion without extensive pathotyping. Our results also show that the typical pyriform, 2-septate conidium morphology of P. grisea/P. oryzae is restricted to Pyricularia and Neopyricularia, while most other genera have obclavate to more ellipsoid 2-septate conidia. Some related genera (Deightoniella, Macgarvieomyces) have evolved 1-septate conidia. Therefore, conidium morphology cannot be used as taxonomic criterion at generic level without phylogenetic data. We also identified 10 novel genera, and seven novel species. A re-evaluation of generic and species concepts within Pyriculariaceae is presented, and novelties are proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic data. (Résumé d'auteur
Convergence to equilibrium in Wasserstein distance for Fokker-Planck equations

International audienceWe describe conditions on non-gradient drift diffusion Fokker-Planck equations for its solutions to converge to equilibrium with a uniform exponential rate in Wasserstein distance. This asymptotic behaviour is related to a functional inequality, which links the distance with its dissipation and ensures a spectral gap in Wasserstein distance. We give practical criteria for this inequality and compare it to classical ones. The key point is to quantify the contribution of the diffusion term to the rate of convergence, which to our knowledge is a novelty
Phosphorylation and DNA Binding of HJURP Determine Its Centromeric Recruitment and Function in CenH3 CENP-A Loading

International audienceCentromeres, epigenetically defined by the presence of the histone H3 variant CenH3, are essential for ensuring proper chromosome segregation. In mammals , centromeric CenH3 CENP-A deposition requires its dedicated chaperone HJURP and occurs during telophase/early G1. We find that the cell-cycle-dependent recruitment of HJURP to centromeres depends on its timely phosphorylation controlled via cyclin-dependent kinases. A nonphosphorylat-able HJURP mutant localizes prematurely to centro-meres in S and G2 phase. This unregulated targeting causes a premature loading of CenH3 CENP-A at centromeres, and cell-cycle delays ensue. Once recruited to centromeres, HJURP functions to promote CenH3 CENP-A deposition by a mechanism involving a unique DNA-binding domain. With our findings, we propose a model wherein (1) the phosphorylation state of HJURP controls its centromeric recruitment in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, and (2) HJURP binding to DNA is a mechanistic determinant in CenH3 CENP-A loading
ALMA detection of [C II] 158 µm emission from a strongly lensed z = 2.013 star-forming galaxy

International audienceAims. Our objectives are to determine the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) and of star formation in typical star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Methods. Following up on our previous multi-wavelength observations with HST, Spitzer, Herschel, and the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), we have studied a strongly lensed z = 2.013 galaxy, the arc behind the galaxy cluster MACS J0451+0006, with ALMA to measure the [C ] 158 µm emission line, one of the main coolants of the ISM. Results. Emission of the [C ] line from the southern part of this galaxy is detected at 10σ. Taking strong gravitational lensing into account, which provides a magnification of µ = 49, the intrinsic lensing-corrected [C ] luminosity is L [CII] = 1.2 × 10 8 L. The observed ratio of [C ]-to-IR emission, L [CII] /L FIR ≈ (1.2−2.4) × 10 −3 , is found to be similar to that in nearby galaxies. The same also holds for the observed ratio L [CII] /L CO = 2.3 × 10 3 , which is comparable to that of star-forming galaxies and active galaxy nuclei (AGN) at low redshift. Conclusions. We utilize strong gravitational lensing to extend diagnostic studies of the cold ISM to an order of magnitude lower lumi-nosity (L IR ∼ (1.1−1.3) × 10 11 L) and SFR than previous work at high redshift. While larger samples are needed, our results provide evidence that the cold ISM of typical high-redshift galaxies has physical characteristics similar to normal star-forming galaxies in the local Universe
Chemical-structural characterization of solvent and thermal extractable material from perhydrous vitrinites.

International audienceIn this work, the characterization of the non-covalently bonded compounds present in a set of perhydrous coals of different age and geographical location (Cretaceous coals: UCV and TCV and Jurassic coals: AJV, PGJV, WJVh and WJVl) was carried out by means of a combination of the analyses of the material soluble in chloroform and the thermal extract. The extract in chloroform was studied through GC/MS and NMR and the thermovaporized fraction was obtained by means of flash pyrolysis at the Curie temperature of 350 °C and quantified by on-line GC-MS. The results obtained for the Cretaceous coals confirm that the substances responsible for the hydrogenation are those covalently bonded to the vitrinite network as a result of the modifications undergone by the botanical precursors. Despite the striking similarity in the global characteristics of these two coals (TCV and UCV) significant differences between the material non-covalently bonded to their coal matrices were found. These differences are attributed to the type of resins present in the coals and/or to their different degree of evolution. With respect to the Jurassic coals, the present study allows the process by which the hydrogenated substances were assimilated into their structure to be established. The characterization of the assimilated substances in the WJVl coal reveals an unexpectedly high incorporation of alkanes given the humic origin of this sample. From these results the assimilation of hydrogen-rich substances from the decomposition of the organic remains in the sedimentary environment in which WJVl precursor were deposited, is proposed. The incorporation of products derived from the primary decomposition of organic material is not evident for the WJVh and AJV coals. The substances assimilated into the coal matrices show a higher aromaticity, the aromatic structures of WJVh being more condensed than those found in AJV. The compositional differences between them probably arise from the different source of the hydrogen-rich material. In the case of AJV coal the source was the adsorption of hydrocarbons generated and migrated from the Pliensbachian source-rocks whereas in WJVh, assimilated compounds come from the material generated by the thermal transformation (coalification) of the adjacent organic rocks of similar age. Finally, PGJV shows two types of non-covalently bonded compounds. Solvent extractable material is mainly composed of the first type of compounds, which is predominantly aliphatic in nature with a preponderance of alkanes. The second type of compounds is more aromatic and they are probably located in the close porosity of this coal. They are not accessible to chloroform but they are the most abundant in the thermal extract
Loop groups in Yang-Mills theory

We consider the Yang-Mills equations with a matrix gauge group G on the de Sitter dS4, anti-de Sitter AdS4 and Minkowski R3,1R3,1 spaces. On all these spaces one can introduce a doubly warped metric in the form View the MathML sourceds2=−du2+f2dv2+h2dsH22, where f and h are the functions of u   and View the MathML sourcedsH22 is the metric on the two-dimensional hyperbolic space H2H2. We show that in the adiabatic limit, when the metric on H2H2 is scaled down, the Yang–Mills equations become the sigma-model equations describing harmonic maps from a two-dimensional manifold (dS2, AdS2 or R1,1R1,1, respectively) into the based loop group ΩG=C∞(S1,G)/GΩG=C∞(S1,G)/G of smooth maps from the boundary circle S1=∂H2S1=∂H2 of H2H2 into the gauge group G. For compact groups G these harmonic map equations are reduced to equations of geodesics on ΩG, solutions of which yield magnetic-type configurations of Yang–Mills fields. The group ΩG naturally acts on their moduli space.DFG/LE 838/1
Orange IV stabilizes silk fibroin microemulsions

Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biopolymer that has been extensively studied in various applications due to its impressive mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Recently, SF-based particles have been proposed as controlled drug delivery systems. A new and efficient method to prepare SF microemulsions (SF-MEs) was developed by oil-in-water emulsions using high-pressure homogenization to promote emulsification. During SF-ME production, the secondary structure of SF changed to a more stable conformation (from random coil to -sheets), thus allowing the formation of small and stable (140.7 ± 1.9 nm; polydispersity index, 0.25) SF microparticles (SF-MPs). The efficiency of SF-MP formation was 60%. Orange IV was used as a model compound for incorporation and release studies, although its incorporation into the SF-MEs significantly improved particle size and size distribution over at least 4 wk compared to traditional stabilizers (e.g., poloxamer 407, transcutol, Tween 80, and SDS). This should be a call of attention when using dyes as model compounds since they can influence particle properties and lead to misinterpretation of the results. Orange IV showed an incorporation efficiency of 91% and a controlled release over time. Stable SF-MP formulations, further enhanced by orange IV incorporation, provide an innovative method with potential application in pharmaceutical development due to its associated high biocompatibility and release profile.The authors thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 and the project "BioHealth - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Approaches to Improve Health Quality," Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, cofunded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 - O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. We would also like to acknowledge CRA - Unita di Ricerca di Apicoltura and Bachicoltura Padova (Italy) for the supply of B. mori silkworm cocoons, and Andreia Vasconcelos for technical support
The intestinal microbiota contributes to the ability of helminths to modulate allergic inflammation

Intestinal helminths are potent regulators of their host's immune system and can ameliorate inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. In the present study we have assessed whether this anti-inflammatory activity was purely intrinsic to helminths, or whether it also involved crosstalk with the local microbiota. We report that chronic infection with the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb) altered the intestinal habitat, allowing increased short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Transfer of the Hpb-modified microbiota alone was sufficient to mediate protection against allergic asthma. The helminth-induced anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and regulatory T cell suppressor activity that mediated the protection required the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)-41. A similar alteration in the metabolic potential of intestinal bacterial communities was observed with diverse parasitic and host species, suggesting that this represents an evolutionary conserved mechanism of host-microbe-helminth interactions
Evolutionary dynamics of spliceosomal intron revealed by in silico analyses of the P-Type ATPase superfamily genes

It has been long debated whether spliceosomalintrons originated in the common ancestor of eukaryotesand prokaryotes. In this study, we tested the possibility thatextant introns were inherited from the common ancestor ofeukaryotes and prokaryotes using in silico simulation. Wefirst identified 21 intron positions that are shared amongdifferent families of the P-Type ATPase superfamily, someof which are known to have diverged before the separationof prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Theoretical estimates of theexpected number of intron positions shared by differentgenes suggest that the introns at those 21 positions wereinserted independently. There seems to be no intron thatarose from before the diversification of the P-Type ATPasesuperfamily. Namely, the present introns were insertedafter the separation of eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Search for squarks and gluinos using final states with jets and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector in √(s)=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for squarks and gluinos in events containing jets, missing transverse momentum and no electrons or muons is presented. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS experiment in root s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in 1.04 fb(-1) of data. Gluino and squark masses below 700 GeV and 875 GeV respectively are excluded at the 95% confidence level in simplified models containing only squarks of the first two generations, a gluino octet and a massless neutralino. The exclusion limit increases to 1075 GeV for squarks and gluinos of equal mass. In MSUGRA/CMSSM models with tan beta = 10, A(0) = 0 and μ> 0, squarks and gluinos of equal mass are excluded for masses below 950 GeV. These limits extend the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded by previous measurements
Vector-Like Pairs and Brill--Noether Theory

How likely is it that there are particles in a vector-like pair of
representations in low-energy spectrum, when neither symmetry nor anomaly
consideration motivates their presence? We address this question in the context
of supersymmetric and geometric phase compactification of F-theory and
Heterotic dual. Quantisation of the number of generations (or net chiralities
in more general term) is also discussed along the way. Self-dual nature of the
fourth cohomology of Calabi--Yau fourfolds is essential for the latter issue,
while we employ Brill--Noether theory to set upper bounds on the number $\ell$
of vector-like pairs of chiral multiplets in the SU(5) 5+5bar representations.
For typical topological choices of geometry for F-theory compactification for
SU(5) unification, the range of $0 \leq \ell \lesssim 4$ for perturbative
unification is not in immediate conflict with what is already understood about
F-theory compactification at this moment.Comment: 13 pages. v2 is the journal version, where a stupid mistake in v1 is
  correcte
Factorization for the light-jet mass and hemisphere soft function

Many collider observables suffer from non-global logarithms not captured by
standard resummation techniques. Classic examples are the light-jet mass event
shape in the limit of small mass and the related hemisphere soft function. We
derive factorization formulas for both of these and explicitly demonstrate that
they capture all logarithms present at NNLO. These formulas achieve full scale
separation and provide the basis for all-order resummations. A characteristic
feature of non-global observables is that the soft radiation is driven by
multi-Wilson-line operators, and the ones arising here map onto those relevant
for the case of narrow-cone jet cross sections. Numerically, the contributions
of non-global logarithms to resummed hemisphere-mass event shapes are sizeable.Comment: 38 pages, 4 figure
Measurement of the $J/\psi$ pair production cross-section in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13 \,{\mathrm{TeV}}$

The production cross-section of $J/\psi$ pairs is measured using a data
sample of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass
energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13 \,{\mathrm{TeV}}$, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of $279 \pm 11 \,{\mathrm{pb^{-1}}}$. The measurement is performed
for $J/\psi$ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than $10
\,{\mathrm{GeV}}/c$ in the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$. The production
cross-section is measured to be $15.2 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.9 \,{\mathrm{nb}}$. The
first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The
differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the
$J/\psi$ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-057.htm