pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
[C II] and 12^CO(1-0) emission maps in HLSJ091828.6+514223: a strongly lensed interacting system AT z = 5.24

We present Submillimeter Array [C II] 158 μm and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 12^CO(1-0) line emission maps for the bright, lensed, submillimeter source at z = 5.2430 behind A 773: HLSJ091828.6+514223 (HLS0918). We combine these measurements with previously reported line profiles, including multiple 12^CO rotational transitions, [C I], water, and [N II], providing some of the best constraints on the properties of the interstellar medium in a galaxy at z > 5. HLS0918 has a total far-infrared (FIR) luminosity L_FIR(8–1000 μm) = (1.6 ± 0.1) × 10^14 L_☉ μ^–1, where the total magnification μ_total = 8.9 ± 1.9, via a new lens model from the [C II] and continuum maps. Despite a HyLIRG luminosity, the FIR continuum shape resembles that of a local LIRG. We simultaneously fit all of the observed spectral line profiles, finding four components that correspond cleanly to discrete spatial structures identified in the maps. The two most redshifted spectral components occupy the nucleus of a massive galaxy, with a source-plane separation <1 kpc. The reddest dominates the continuum map (demagnified L_FIR, component = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10^13 L_☉) and excites strong water emission in both nuclear components via a powerful FIR radiation field from the intense star formation. A third star-forming component is most likely a region of a merging companion (ΔV ~ 500 km s^–1) exhibiting generally similar gas properties. The bluest component originates from a spatially distinct region and photodissociation region analysis suggests that it is lower density, cooler, and forming stars less vigorously than the other components. Strikingly, it has very strong [N II] emission, which may suggest an ionized, molecular outflow. This comprehensive view of gas properties and morphology in HLS0918 previews the science possible for a large sample of high-redshift galaxies once ALMA attains full sensitivity
Spatially explicit integrated modeling and economic valuation of climate driven land use change and its indirect effects.

Published onlineJOURNAL ARTICLEWe present an integrated model of the direct consequences of climate change on land use, and the indirect effects of induced land use change upon the natural environment. The model predicts climate-driven shifts in the profitability of alternative uses of agricultural land. Both the direct impact of climate change and the induced shift in land use patterns will cause secondary effects on the water environment, for which agriculture is the major source of diffuse pollution. We model the impact of changes in such pollution on riverine ecosystems showing that these will be spatially heterogeneous. Moreover, we consider further knock-on effects upon the recreational benefits derived from water environments, which we assess using revealed preference methods. This analysis permits a multi-layered examination of the economic consequences of climate change, assessing the sequence of impacts from climate change through farm gross margins, land use, water quality and recreation, both at the individual and catchment scale.The authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. FP7-ENV-2012-308393-2 (OPERAs); the European Union via the Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship ‘Land Use Change, Environment and Society (LUCES)’ grant, (Ref: FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF-302290); and the Water Economics, Policy and Governance Network (WEPGN), funded by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) Partnership Grant
Heat treatment increases the protein bioaccessibility in the red seaweed dulse (Palmaria palmata), but not in the brown seaweed winged kelp (Alaria esculenta)

This is the accepted manuscript version. Published version available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0587-4>http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0587-4</a>Bioaccessibility of plant proteins has been shown to be inferior to that of proteins of animal origin. Heat treatment has been shown to positively affect this in some plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on bioaccessibility of seaweed proteins. An in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model was used for evaluation of potential effects on the brown seaweed Alaria esculenta and the red seaweed Palmaria palmata proteins. In P. palmata, the content of accessible amino acids increased by 86–109 % after heat treatment. Following a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the amount of liberated amino acids was 64–96 % higher in heat-treated samples compared to their raw counterparts. The increase was largest in samples boiled for 15 and 30 min. No deterioration of single amino acids was seen, and hence, the amount of available essential amino acids was increased accordingly. In A. esculenta, no equivalent changes were observed. In conclusion, a short heat treatment may be a simple way of increasing the utilization potential of seaweed proteins in food and feed. However, there are species differences, and the effects observed in the in vitro digestion model need to be confirmed in clinical studies
Lack of cyclophilin D protects against the development of acute lung injury in endotoxemia.

Sepsis caused by LPS is characterized by an intense systemic inflammatory response affecting the lungs, causing acute lung injury (ALI). Dysfunction of mitochondria and the role of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species produced  by mitochondria have already been proposed in the pathogenesis of sepsis; however, the exact molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Oxidative stress induces cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT), leading to organ failure in sepsis. In previous studies mPT was inhibited  by cyclosporine A which, beside CypD, inhibits cyclophilin A, B, C and calcineurin, regulating cell death and inflammatory pathways. The immunomodulatory side effects of cyclosporine A make it unfavorable in inflammatory model systems. To avoid these uncertainties in the molecular mechanism, we studied endotoxemia-induced ALI in CypD-/- mice providing unambiguous data for the pathological role of CypD-dependent mPT in ALI. Our key  finding is that the loss of this essential protein improves survival rate and it  can intensely ameliorate endotoxin-induced lung injury through attenuated proinflammatory cytokine release, down-regulation of redox sensitive cellular pathways such as MAPKs, Akt, and NF-kappaB and reducing the production of ROS. Functional inhibition of NF-kappaB was confirmed by decreased expression of NF-kappaB-mediated proinflammatory genes. We demonstrated that impaired mPT due to the lack of CypD reduces the severity of endotoxemia-induced lung injury suggesting that CypD specific inhibitors might have a great therapeutic potential in sepsis-induced organ failure. Our data highlight a previously unknown regulatory function of mitochondria during inflammatory response
Experimental study of parametric subharmonic instability for internal plane waves

International audienceInternal waves are believed to be of primary importance as they affect ocean mixing and energy transport. Several processes can lead to the breaking of internal waves and they usually involve non linear interactions between waves. In this work, we study experimentally the parametric subharmonic instability (PSI), which provides an efficient mechanism to transfer energy from large to smaller scales. It corresponds to the destabilization of a primary plane wave and the spontaneous emission of two secondary waves, of lower frequencies and different wave vectors. Using a time-frequency analysis , we observe the time evolution of the secondary waves, thus measuring the growth rate of the instability. In addition, a Hilbert transform method allows us to measure the different wave vectors. We compare these measurements with theoretical predictions, and study the dependence of the instability with primary wave frequency and amplitude , revealing a possible effect of the confinement due to the finite size of the beam, on the selection of the unstable mode
Controling the number of focal elements

International audienceA basic belief assignment can have up to 2^n focal elements, and combining them with a simple conjunctive operator will need O(2^2n ) operations. This article proposes some techniques to limit the size of the focal sets of the bbas to be combined while preserving a large part of the information they carry. The first section revisits some well-known definitions with an algorithmic point of vue. The second section proposes a matrix way of building the least committed isopignistic, and extends it to some other bodies of evidence. The third section adapts the k-means algorithm for an unsupervized clustering of the focal elements of a given bba
Measurement of D∗±, D±and D±smeson production cross sections in ppcollisions at √s=7TeVwith the ATLAS detector

The production of D∗±, D±and D±scharmed mesons has been measured with the ATLAS detector in ppcollisions at √s=7TeVat the LHC, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 280nb−1. The charmed mesons have been reconstructed in the range of transverse momentum 3.5 <pT(D) <100GeVand pseudorapidity |η(D)| <2.1. The differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity were measured for D∗±and D±production. The next-to-leading-order QCD predictions are consistent with the data in the visible kinematic region within the large theoretical uncertainties. Using the visible Dcross sections and an extrapolation to the full kinematic phase space, the strangeness-suppression factor in charm fragmentation, the fraction of charged non-strange Dmesons produced in a vector state, and the total cross section of charm production at √s=7TeVwere derived.©2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3
Mechanistic chemistry of oxidation of balsalazide with acidic chloramine-​T and bromamine-​T: A comparative spectrophotometric kinetic study

Balsalazide (BSZ) belongs to a class of non-​steroidal anti-​inflammatory drugs.  Kinetics and mechanism of oxidn. of BSZ with sodium N-​halo-​p-​toluenesulfonamides viz., chloramine-​T (CAT) and bromamine-​T (BAT) in HClO4 medium have been spectrophotometrically investigated (λmax = 357 nm) at 303 K.  Under comparable exptl. conditions, reactions with both the oxidants follow a first-​order dependence of rate on [BSZ] and fractional-​order dependence on each [oxidant] and [HClO4]​.  Activation parameters and reaction consts. have been computed. 2-​hydroxy-​5-​nitrosobenzoic acid and 3-​(4-​nitroso-​benzoylamino)​propionic acid are identified as the oxidn. products of BSZ with both CAT and BAT.  The rate of oxidn. of BSZ is about five-​fold faster with BAT than with CAT.  Plausible mechanism and related rate law have been deduced for the obsd. kinetics
Liberalization of China-US air transport market: assessing the impacts of the 2004 and 2007 protocols

This paper examines China's considerations in reaching the 2004 and 2007 Air Service Agreement Protocols with the United States (US) and the impacts of such policy on the China–US market from the perspective of China. Analysis shows that the 2004 and 2007 protocols have profound impacts on the China–US market. The two protocols have been associated with phenomenal traffic growth and intensified competition. Passengers also benefit from much more choice in terms of both airlines and routing. Over time, Chinese carriers' operating performance and financial performance have gradually improved after the liberalization expressed in the protocols. However, the industry's hub-building initiatives are still seriously challenged by competing hubs in Seoul and Tokyo which have diverted substantial number of passengers moving between the China and US markets. Such issues have to be addressed in order to create a win–win outcome for both countries
Validation of Occupants' Behaviour Models for Indoor Quality Parameter and Energy Consumption Prediction

Occupants' behaviour related to building control system plays a significant role to achieve thermal comfort and air quality in naturally-ventilated buildings. Generally, the published models of occupant's behavior are not validated, meaning that the predictive power has not yet been tested. For this reason, the validation of occupant's behavioral models is an issue that is gaining importance. In this paper validation was carried out through dynamic Building Energy Performance simulation (BEPS); behavioral models of windows opening and thermostats set-point published in literature were implemented in a dynamic BEPS software and the obtained results in terms of temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration were compared to real measurements. Through this comparison it will be possible to verify the accuracy of the implemented behavioral models. The models were able to reproduce the general tendencies in the measured temperatures but the simulation results diverged from the measured CO2 concentrations and relative humidit
The influence of genotype information on psychiatrists’ treatment recommendations : more experienced clinicians know better what to ignore.

Background\ud
This study applies attribute nonattendance to medical decision making. We aimed to demonstrate how this type of analysis can be used in medical decision making to assess whether psychiatrists were influenced in their treatment recommendations by information on the genotype of a patient, despite knowing the patient’s response to treatment as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. A patient’s genetic information may be used to predict their response to therapy; such information, however, becomes redundant, and should not influence decisions, once a clinician knows the patient’s actual response to treatment.\ud
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Methods\ud
Sixty-seven psychiatrists were presented with patients’ pre- or post-treatment scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for two hypothetical treatments for schizophrenia. Psychiatrists were also informed whether the patient possessed a genotype linked to hyper-responsiveness to one of the treatments, and were asked to recommend one of these two treatments. Attribute nonattendance assessed whether the information on genotype influenced psychiatrists’ treatment recommendations.\ud
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Results\ud
Years of experience predicted whether psychiatrists were influenced by the genetic information. Psychiatrists with 1 year or less of experience had a 46% probability of considering genetic information, whereas psychiatrists with at least 15 years of experience had a lower probability (7%).\ud
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Conclusions\ud
Psychiatrists and other clinicians should be cautious about allowing a patient’s genetic information to carry unnecessary weight in their clinical decision making
From Theory-Inspired to Theory-Based Interventions : A Protocol for Developing and Testing a Methodology for Linking Behaviour Change Techniques to Theoretical Mechanisms of Action

This research is funded by UK Medical Research Council grant number MR/L011115/1. We would like to thank the 105 experts in behaviour change who have committed their time and offered their expertise for study 2 of this research. We are also very grateful to all those who sent us peer-reviewed behaviour change intervention descriptions for study 1. Finally, we would like thank Dr. Emma Beard and Dr. Dan Dediu for their statistical input and to all the researchers, particularly Holly Walton, who have assisted in the coding of papers for study 1.Peer reviewedPublisher PDFPublisher PD
Observations of Λ0b→ΛK+π− and Λ0b→ΛK+K− decays and searches for other Λ0b and Ξ0b decays to Λh+h′− final states

A search is performed for the charmless three-body decays of the Λ0b and Ξ0b baryons to the final states Λh+h′−, where h(′)=π or K. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb−1 of pp collisions, collected by the LHCb experiment. The Λ0b→ΛK+π− and Λ0b→ΛK+K− decays are observed for the first time and their branching fractions and CP asymmetry parameters are measured. Evidence is seen for the Λ0b→Λπ+π− decay and limits are set on the branching fractions of Ξ0b baryon decays to the Λh+h′− final states
Measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ from a combination of LHCb results

A combination of measurements sensitive to the CKM angle $\gamma$ from LHCb is performed. The inputs are from analyses of time-integrated $B^{+}\rightarrow DK^+$, $B^{0} \rightarrow D K^{*0}$, $B^{0} \rightarrow D K^+ \pi^-$ and $B^{+} \rightarrow D K^+\pi^+\pi^-$ tree-level decays. In addition, results from a time-dependent analysis of $B_{s}^{0} \rightarrow D_{s}^{\mp}K^{\pm}$ decays are included. The combination yields $\gamma = (72.2^{+6.8}_{-7.3})^\circ$, where the uncertainty includes systematic effects. The 95.5% confidence level interval is determined to be $\gamma \in [55.9,85.2]^\circ$. A second combination is investigated, also including measurements from $B^{+} \rightarrow D \pi^+$ and $B^{+} \rightarrow D \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+$ decays, which yields compatible results
Management of the risk of backorders in a MTO-ATO /MTS context under imperfect requirements

Production systems are often classified according to the way production is released, e.g. make-to-stock (MTS), make-to-order (MTO), assembly-to-order (ATO) or engineer-to-order (ETO). The choice of a type of production depends on the decoupling point between customer and supplier. In some supply chains, like in the aeronautical sector, a customer may work according to a MTO process (since his product is highly specific) while his supplier works with a MTS process (since he delivers variants of standards components). This situation sets specific problems that are seldom considered in the literature, especially when collaboration between actors is required for an efficient management of the supply chain, which is the case when uncertainties are present. In this paper, we propose a method based on fuzzy modelling allowing a customer to choose a plan taking into account the uncertainty on his requirements when he works in MTO-ATO while his supplier is in MTS
Measurement of the total cross section from elastic scattering in pp collisions at root s = 7TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the total pp cross section at the LHC at √s = 7 TeV is presented. In a special run with high-β* beam optics, an integrated luminosity of 80 μb⁻¹ was accumulated in order to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable t . The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the |t| range from 0.01 GeV² to 0.1 GeV² to extrapolate to |t|→0, the total cross section, σtot(pp → X), is measured via the optical theorem to be: σtot(pp → X) =95.35 ± 0.38 (stat.) ± 1.25 (exp.) ± 0.37 (extr.) mb, Turn MathJax on where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation to |t| → 0. In addition, the slope of the elastic cross section at small |t| is determined to be B = 19.73 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.26 (syst.) GeV⁻².G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Étale groupoids and their quantales

AbstractWe establish close and previously unknown relations between quantales and groupoids. In particular, to each étale groupoid, either localic or topological, there is associated a unital involutive quantale. We obtain a bijective correspondence between localic étale groupoids and their quantales, which are given a rather simple characterization and here are called inverse quantal frames. We show that the category of inverse quantal frames is equivalent to the category of complete and infinitely distributive inverse monoids, and as a consequence we obtain a (non-functorial) correspondence between these and localic étale groupoids that generalizes more classical results concerning inverse semigroups and topological étale groupoids. This generalization is entirely algebraic and it is valid in an arbitrary topos. As a consequence of these results we see that a localic groupoid is étale if and only if its sublocale of units is open and its multiplication map is semiopen, and an analogue of this holds for topological groupoids. In practice we are provided with new tools for constructing localic and topological étale groupoids, as well as inverse semigroups, for instance via presentations of quantales by generators and relations. The characterization of inverse quantal frames is to a large extent based on a new quantale operation, here called a support, whose properties are thoroughly investigated, and which may be of independent interest
The conformal Killing equation on forms—prolongations and applications

AbstractWe construct a conformally invariant vector bundle connection such that its equation of parallel transport is a first order system that gives a prolongation of the conformal Killing equation on differential forms. Parallel sections of this connection are related bijectively to solutions of the conformal Killing equation. We construct other conformally invariant connections, also giving prolongations of the conformal Killing equation, that bijectively relate solutions of the conformal Killing equation on k-forms to a twisting of the conformal Killing equation on (k−ℓ)-forms for various integers ℓ. These tools are used to develop a helicity raising and lowering construction in the general setting and on conformally Einstein manifolds
A model-independent Dalitz plot analysis of B±→DK± with D→KS0h+h− (h=π,K) decays and constraints on the CKM angle γ

AbstractA binned Dalitz plot analysis of B±→DK± decays, with D→KS0π+π− and D→KS0K+K−, is performed to measure the CP-violating observables x± and y± which are sensitive to the CKM angle γ. The analysis exploits 1.0 fb−1 of data collected by the LHCb experiment. The study makes no model-based assumption on the variation of the strong phase of the D decay amplitude over the Dalitz plot, but uses measurements of this quantity from CLEO-c as input. The values of the parameters are found to be x−=(0.0±4.3±1.5±0.6)×10−2, y−=(2.7±5.2±0.8±2.3)×10−2, x+=(−10.3±4.5±1.8±1.4)×10−2 and y+=(−0.9±3.7±0.8±3.0)×10−2. The first, second, and third uncertainties are the statistical, the experimental systematic, and the error associated with the precision of the strong-phase parameters measured at CLEO-c, respectively. These results correspond to γ=(44−38+43)°, with a second solution at γ→γ+180°, and rB=0.07±0.04, where rB is the ratio between the suppressed and favoured B decay amplitudes