pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Relativistic quantum mechanics

Which problems do arise within relativistic enhancements of the Schrödinger theory, especially if one adheres to the usual one-particle interpretation, and to what extent can these problems be overcome? And what is the physical necessity of quantum field theories? In many books, answers to these fundamental questions are given highly insufficiently by treating the relativistic quantum mechanical one-particle concept very superficially and instead introducing field quantization as soon as possible. By contrast, this monograph emphasizes relativistic quantum mechanics in the narrow sense: it extensively discusses relativistic one-particle concepts and reveals their problems and limitations, therefore motivating the necessity of quantized fields in a physically comprehensible way. The first chapters contain a detailed presentation and comparison of the Klein-Gordon and Dirac theory, always in view of the non-relativistic theory. In the third chapter, we consider relativistic scattering processes and develop the Feynman rules from propagator techniques. This is where the impossibility to get around a quantum field theoretical reasoning is discussed and basic quantum field theoretical concepts are introduced. This book addresses undergraduate and graduate physics students who are interested in a clearly arranged and structured presentation of relativistic quantum mechanics in the "narrow sense" and its connection to quantum field theories. Each section contains a short summary and exercises with solutions. A mathematical appendix rounds up this excellent introductory book on relativistic quantum mechanics
Local large scale forcing of unsheared turbulence

With the objective of studying the interaction between turbulence and a solid wall, a new way to generate a statistically steady turbulent state in a DNS setup is presented. Computation of ideal situations like turbulence diffusing from a plane/point source requires to impleme\ud
nt mechanisms of turbulent production that, (i) do not rely on the presence of mean-velocity gradients and, (ii) can be localized in space. A first way to devise a shear-free turbulence-production mechanism has been proposed by Alvelius, it was based on the use of a random force field, defined in the spectral space and, consequently, not localized in the physical space. This method has been modified by Campagne in order to confine the force field in a finite-width, plane layer of fluid and study the interaction between unsheared turbulence and a free-slip surface. Since the Navier-Stokes solver was based on a pseudo-spectral method, the method of Alvelius was both a convenient and natural choice. In order to extend the work of Campagne to the case of the interaction with a solid wall, we developed a mixed spectral/finite-difference Navier-Stokes solver. In this context, it is appealing to implement the forcing mechanism in the physical space.             Such forcing methods have been recently proposed by Rosales & Meneveau  and Nagata. In the first study the random force field is linear (proportional to the instantaneous velocity field) while the second study makes use of randomly-distributed elementary force fields (blobs). In either case, the forcing is statistically homogeneous in all the computational domain. In this paper, we present results obtained with a forcing method which is rather similar to that of Nagata. However, we use a different kind of elementary force patterns, and confine the forcing inside a plane layer of fluid. The latter characteristic relies on the use of compact supports for the force patterns
Localization of unresolved regions in the selective large-eddy simulation of hypersonic jets

A method for the localization of the regions where the turbulent fluctuations are unresolved is applied to the selective large-eddy simulation (LES) of a compressible turbulent jet of Mach number equal to 5. This method is based on the introduction of a scalar probe function f which represents the magnitude of the twisting-stretching term normalized with the enstrophy [1]. The statistical analysis shows that, for a fully developed turbulent field of fluctuations, the probability that f is larger than 2 is zero, while, for an unresolved field, is finite. By computing f in each instantaneous realization of the simulation it is possible to locate the regions where the magnitude of the normalized stretching-twisting is anomalously high. This allows the identification of the regions where the subgrid model should be introduced into the governing equations (selective filtering). The results of the selective LES are compared with those of a standard LES, where the subgrid terms are used in the whole domain. The comparison is carried out by assuming as high order reference field a higher resolution Euler simulation of the compressible jet. It is shown that the selective LES modifies the dynamic properties of the flow to a lesser extent with respect to the classical LE
Knowledge Engineering Experimentation Management System for Collaboration

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2_100This paper presents a methodology and system for
the analysis of complex experiments currently utilized by the
Department of Defense. Assessed are effectiveness and efficiency
of systems interactions and affected intra- and interorganizational
processes. Methodology is derived from an
operational experimentation analytics and management system
designed to assess next-generation military e-services and
infrastructure. A focus is the expansion of systems methodology
beyond traditional transaction-oriented exchanges to include
management layers for complex inter-organizational processes
and mechanisms to accommodate sensitive company operations
Voice based self help System: User Experience Vs Accuracy

In general, self help systems are being increasingly deployed by service
based industries because they are capable of delivering better customer service
and increasingly the switch is to voice based self help systems because they
provide a natural interface for a human to interact with a machine. A speech
based self help system ideally needs a speech recognition engine to convert
spoken speech to text and in addition a language processing engine to take care
of any misrecognitions by the speech recognition engine. Any off-the-shelf
speech recognition engine is generally a combination of acoustic processing and
speech grammar. While this is the norm, we believe that ideally a speech
recognition application should have in addition to a speech recognition engine
a separate language processing engine to give the system better performance. In
this paper, we discuss ways in which the speech recognition engine and the
language processing engine can be combined to give a better user experience.Comment: 5 pages; 1 figur
Encoding Forensic Multimedia Evidence from MARF Applications as Forensic Lucid Expressions

In this work we summarize biometric evidence as well as file type evidence extraction “exported” as formal Forensic Lucid language expression in the form of higher-order intensional contexts for further case analysis by a system that interprets Forensic Lucid expressions for claim verification and event reconstruction. The digital evidence is exported from the Modular Audio Recognition Framework (MARF)’s applications runs on a set of data comprising biometric voice recordings for speaker, gender, spoken accent, etc. as well as more general file type analysis using signal and pattern recognition processing techniques. The focus is in translation aspect of the extracted evidence into formal Forensic Lucid expressions for further analysis
A Java Data Security Framework (JDSF) and its Case Studies

We present the design of something we call Confidentiality, Integrity and
Authentication Sub-Frameworks, which are a part of a more general Java Data
Security Framework (JDSF) designed to support various aspects related to data
security (confidentiality, origin authentication, integrity, and SQL
randomization). The JDSF was originally designed in 2007 for use in the two
use-cases, MARF and HSQLDB, to allow a plug-in-like implementation of and
verification of various security aspects and their generalization. The JDSF
project explores secure data storage related issues from the point of view of
data security in the two projects. A variety of common security aspects and
tasks were considered in order to extract a spectrum of possible parameters
these aspects require for the design an extensible frameworked API and its
implementation. A particular challenge being tackled is an aggregation of
diverse approaches and algorithms into a common set of Java APIs to cover all
or at least most common aspects, and, at the same time keeping the framework as
simple as possible. As a part of the framework, we provide the mentioned
sub-frameworks' APIs to allow for the common algorithm implementations of the
confidentiality, integrity, and authentication aspects for MARF's and HSQLDB's
database(s). At the same time we perform a detailed overview of the related
work and literature on data and database security that we considered as a
possible input to design the JDSF.Comment: a 2007 project report; parts appeared in various conferences;
  includes inde
Mesopotamian Metrological Lists And Tables:Forgotten Sources

International audienceFrom the outset of Mesopotamian archaeology, the archaeologists have constantly been excavating school tablets from the major sites of the Near East; these tablets were found incorporated in walls, in filling material, in pavements or abandoned in buildings which housed a scribal school. The majority of the tablets date from the Old Babylonian period, i.e. the beginning of the second millennium B.C. Today these tablets are spread all over the world, kept in the reserve collections of several important archaeology museums of the Near-East, of Europe and of the United States. Ten to twenty percent of these tablets are mathematical tablets. Some of the school mathematical texts have drawn the attention of the historians of science, in particular the numerical tables (multiplication tables, tables of reciprocals, tables of squares, etc.); but others remained in the dark. The latter were the metrological tablets, i.e. tablets containing enumerations of measures of various types (capacities, weights, surfaces, lengths) either in the form of simple lists, or in the form of correspondence tables. Why have these metrological texts been studied so little? What do they tell us about our comprehension of cuneiform mathematics? These are the questions this article intends to answer
The effect of a particle travelling through a laminar boundary layer on transition

This study investigates how a particle travelling through an initially laminar boundary layer can lead to its breakdown to turbulence With increasing kerosene costs and an awareness of limited available oil reserves, laminar flow technologies are again being considered to realize the necessary efficiency increases of aircraft, and more detailed information on the operational issues is required. The adverse impact of flying through cirrus clouds has been simplified to the effect of a single particle on a laminar boundary layer over a zero-pressure gradient flat plate. First results indicate that the critical values could be substantially smaller than initially assumed
Rotation and Spin in Physics

We delineate the role of rotation and spin in physics, discussing in order
Newtonian classical physics, special relativity, quantum mechanics, quantum
electrodynamics and general relativity. In the latter case, we discuss the
generalization of the Kepler formula to post-Newtonian order $(c^{-2}$)
including spin effects and two-body effects. Experiments which verify the
theoretical results for general relativistic spin-orbit effects are discussed
as well as efforts being made to verify the spin-spin effects
A numerical investigation of the dynamic behaviour of functionally graded foams

Two Finite Element models approximating the dynamic behaviour of functionally graded foam materials (FGFMs) have been developed under free weight drop impact and Kolsky wave propagation conditions. The FGFM is modeled by discretising the material into a large number of layers through the foam thickness. Each layer is described by a unique constitutive cellular response, which is derived from the initial relative density, ρ*, unique to that layer. Large strain uniaxial compressive tests at strain rates of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1/s were performed on expanded polystyrene (EPS) and ALPORAS® Aluminium (Al) foam and their σ-ε response was used as input to a modified constitutive model from the literature. Simulations were then performed on both uniform and graded specimens. For both impact and wave propagation conditions it is found that under certain conditions an FGFM can outperform a uniform foam of equivalent density in terms of reducing peak accelerations imparted from an impact, or mitigating stress wave magnitudes through increased plastic deformation. These properties provide significant insight into the hypothesised behaviour of FGFMs and elucidate the potential for the future use in the design of next generation cushioning structures. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V
Compressive behavior of fibre reinforced honeycomb cores

Honeycomb core sandwich panels have found extensive applications particularly in the aerospace and naval industries. In view of the recent interest in alternative, yet strong and lightweight materials, honeycomb cores are manufactured from sisal fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites and the out-of-plane compressive behaviour of these cores is investigated. The cell wall material is modeled as a linear elastic, orthotropic plate/lamina and also as a linear elastic, quasi-isotropic material. The failure criteria for the reinforced honeycombs are theoretically developed. Failure maps that can be used for the optimal design of such honeycombs are constructed for a wide range of honeycomb densities. The results indicate a significant improvement in the load carrying capacity of the honeycomb cores after fiber reinforcement
Ideology, Generics, and Common Ground

Introduction: Are sagging pants cool? Are cows food? Are women more submissive than men? Are blacks more criminal than whites? Taking the social world at face value, many people would be tempted to answer these questions in the affirmative. And if challenged, they can point to facts that support their answers. But there is something wrong about the affirmative answers. I deny that sagging pants are cool, cows are food, women are more submissive than men, and blacks are more criminal than whites. And moreover, I maintain that there is an objective basis for denying these claims even though the facts seem to support the face value affirmative response. But how can that be? We all know that male urban youth can barely walk with their pants belted around their thighs, that beef is a staple in the American diet, that blacks are incarcerated in the United States at a much higher rate than any other race, and that women defer to men in both work and family life. How could a denial of these facts be justified
Mechanisms of Acido-Tolerance and Characteristics of Photosystems in an Acidophilic and Thermophilic Red Alga, Cyanidium Caldarium

In this chapter, we describe the mechanisms of acido-tolerance in an acidophilic- and thermophilic red alga, Cyanidium caldarium. In spite of the extremely acidic environments it inhabits, the intracellular pH of Cyanidium cells is kept neutral by pumping out the protons previously leaked into the cells according to the steep pH gradient. The H+ pump is driven by the plasma membrane ATPase, utilizing intracellular ATP produced by both oxidative phosphorylation and cyclic photophosphorylation via photosystem I. We also describe the characteristics and function of the two photosystems, Photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII), in Cyanidium caldarium in comparison with those of cyanobacteria, other eukaryotic algae, and higher plants, based on the crystal structures of the two complexes reported so far
The Practices of Learning through Occupations

This chapter draws on historical and conceptual accounts of learning to discuss and illuminate the nature and effectiveness of learning for occupations through practice. This discussion includes an analysis of the historical development of practice settings as places where occupational knowledge is generated, transformed, and sustained over time. It includes some consideration of how these kinds of settings were and are now valued as sites for the learning. Going beyond historical accounts, some of the changing conceptions about processes of learning and how place and culture can shape learning, along with the contributions of the learner, are then discussed. In all, it is proposed that the majority of human development and learning associated with the development of occupational capacities has arisen through practice-based experiences. Before the advent of mass education, practice settings were the inevitable place for the development of the majority of occupational knowledge. Indeed, it is a relatively new phenomenon for this development to occur outside of the settings in which it is practised. Importantly, the kinds of knowledge developed through learning-related activities in practice settings are more than those underpinning easy and repetitive tasks. Instead, they comprise complex, demanding, and often difficult-to-learn knowledge. However, to fully realise the contributions of these settings effective conceptual premises and adaptive curriculum, pedagogical, and epistemological procedures are required.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Education and Professional StudiesFull Tex
Decentralized spatial computing in urban environments

This chapter presents the concept of decentralized spatial computing (DeSC) as a way to embed dynamic spatial data capture and processing capabilities within our built urban environment. The chapter illustrates the potential of DeSC for safe- guarding privacy in a dynamic location-based services scenario: Mobile service users protect their potentially sensitive location by the use of a decentralized query algorithms, solely collaborating with peers close by and thereby excluding the privacy bottleneck of an omniscient global service provider. In an extensive set of consecutive experiments several decentralized query algorithms were tested, trading the level of privacy for the quality of service. The use of a real world test bed, — a small part of Ordnance Survey’s OS MasterMap® Integrated Transport Network™ Layer for Southampton — underlines the experiments’ validity. The chapter concludes with a research and development agenda for DeSC in the urban context
Objects, words, and actions. Some reasons why embodied models are badly needed in cognitive psychology

In the present chapter we report experiments on the relationships between visual objects and action and between words and actions. Results show that seeing an object activates motor information, and that also language is grounded in perceptual and motor systems. They are discussed within the framework of embodied cognitive science. We argue that models able to reproduce the experiments should be embodied organisms, whose brain is simulated with neural networks and whose body is as similar as possible to humans\u27 body. We also claim that embodied models are badly needed in cognitive psychology, as they could help to solve some open issues. Finally, we discuss potential implications of the use of embodied models for embodied theories of cognition
Interdisciplinary geographies of science

This is the accepted for publication version of the Introduction to the book, Geographies of Science [© Springer Science + Business Media B.V.]. The definitive version can be viewed at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8611-2. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com.More than two decades into the “geographical” turn within science studies (Shapin, 1998, pp. 5–6), geographies of science are a vibrant interdisciplinary field of research. Based on exciting work by geographers, historians, sociologists, and anthropologists of science, the ideas that science has a geography and that scientific knowledge bears the marks of particular locations have themselves become accepted facts, at least within this community of scholars. Indeed, it can be argued that the meaning of scientific knowledge “takes shape in response to spatial forces at every scale of analysis—from the macropolitical geography of national regions to the microsocial geography of local cultures” (Livingstone, 2003, p. 4)...
Investigating soils for agri-environmental protection in arid Spain

7 Pag., 1 Tabl., 1 Fig.   The definitive version is available at: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-90-481-8656-3/The saline wetlands of the Monegros Desert, in the central Ebro Basin (NE Spain), host valuable biodiversity and pedodiversity. A part of this area has been proposed for inclusion in the European Union Natura 2000 network. However, agricultural intensification is changing the area as more land is consolidated for new irrigation or is plowed to earn CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) subsidies. Soil mapping is needed to assist in the delimitation of natural habitats and to make conservation compatible with agriculture. The methodology presented here to characterize agri-environmental areas takes into account current agricultural and environmental practices. We examined the opinions of farmers and agricultural and environmental officers concerning a new agri-environmental measure, which could be proposed for inclusion in the Rural Development section of the CAP. The measure would save agriculture inputs in unproductive areas and also comply with nature conservation objectives. A GIS database was built for selecting the farming plots suitable for new agricultural practices favoring biodiversity and pedodiversity. At the local scale, we used remote sensing and pedodiversity criteria for selecting low production areas to be prospected. The opinion poll resulted in a positive response and confirmed the interest of farmers in having detailed maps of those soil features that limit crop production. The soil survey reveals soil salinity, and high contents of gypsum and calcium carbonate, as significant features to map low production areas for making agriculture compatible with habitat conservation.This work is a result of projects AGL2006-01283 and GALC006-2008.Peer reviewe
Promoting Student Resilience and Wellbeing: Asia-Pacific Resilient Children and Communities Project

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the association between resilience and wellbeing based on evidence from the 'Asia-Pacific Resilient Children and Communities? Project. The main research findings derived from the study were: (1) low resilience scores predispose individuals to mental health risks; and, (2) an intervention programme using a holistic school approach to promote resilience factors such as self-esteem/efficacy, school connectedness and personal integrity significantly promoted student wellbeing and prevented mental health problems.Griffith Health, School of MedicineFull Tex