pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Rhinovirus-induced VP1-specific Antibodies are Group-specific and Associated With Severity of Respiratory Symptoms.

Rhinoviruses (RVs) are a major cause of common colds and induce exacerbations of asthma and chronic inflammatory lung diseases.We expressed and purified recombinant RV coat proteins VP1-4, non-structural proteins as well as N-terminal fragments of VP1 from four RV strains (RV14, 16, 89, C) covering the three known RV groups (RV-A, RV-B and RV-C) and measured specific IgG-subclass-, IgA- and IgM-responses by ELISA in subjects with different severities of asthma or without asthma before and after experimental infection with RV16.Before infection subjects showed IgG1 > IgA > IgM > IgG3 cross-reactivity with N-terminal fragments from the representative VP1 proteins of the three RV groups. Antibody levels were higher in the asthmatic group as compared to the non-asthmatic subjects. Six weeks after infection with RV16, IgG1 antibodies showed a group-specific increase towards the N-terminal VP1 fragment, but not towards other capsid and non-structural proteins, which was highest in subjects with severe upper and lower respiratory symptoms.Our results demonstrate that increases of antibodies towards the VP1 N-terminus are group-specific and associated with severity of respiratory symptoms and suggest that it may be possible to develop serological tests for identifying causative RV groups
Investigation of the Switching Mechanism in TiO2-Based RRAM: A Two-Dimensional EDX Approach

The next generation of nonvolatile memory storage may well be based on resistive switching in metal oxides. TiO2 as transition metal oxide has been widely used as active layer for the fabrication of a variety of multistate memory nanostructure devices. However, progress in their technological development has been inhibited by the lack of a thorough understanding of the underlying switching mechanisms. Here, we employed high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with two-dimensional energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (2D EDX) to provide a novel, nanoscale view of the mechanisms involved. Our results suggest that the switching mechanism involves redistribution of both Ti and O ions within the active layer combined with an overall loss of oxygen that effectively render conductive filaments. Our study shows evidence of titanium movement in a 10 nm TiO2 thin-film through direct EDX mapping that provides a viable starting point for the improvement of the robustness and lifetime of TiO2-based resistive random access memory (RRAM)
Essential Basic and Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care: From Education and Training to Service Delivery and Quality of Care.

Approximately 15% of expected births worldwide will result in life-threatening complications during pregnancy, delivery, or the postpartum period. Providers skilled in emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) services are essential, particularly in countries with a high burden of maternal and newborn mortality. Jhpiego and its consortia partners have implemented three global programs to build provider capacity to provide comprehensive EmONC services to women and newborns in these resource-poor settings. Providers have been educated to deliver high-impact maternal and newborn health interventions, such as prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and management of birth asphyxia, within the broader context of quality health services. This article describes Jhpiego's programming efforts within the framework of the basic and expanded signal functions that serve as indicators of high-quality basic and emergency care services. Lessons learned include the importance of health facility strengthening, competency-based provider education, global leadership, and strong government ownership and coordination as essential precursors to scale-up of high impact evidence-based maternal and newborn interventions in low-resource settings
Erdos–Hajnal-type theorems in hypergraphs

The Erdos–Hajnal conjecture states that if a graph on n vertices is H-free, that is, it does not contain an induced copy of a given graph H, then it must contain either a clique or an independent set of size n[superscript δ(H)], where δ(H) > 0 depends only on the graph H. Except for a few special cases, this conjecture remains wide open. However, it is known that an H-free graph must contain a complete or empty bipartite graph with parts of polynomial size.
We prove an analogue of this result for 3-uniform hypergraphs, showing that if a 3-uniform hypergraph on n vertices is H-free, for any given H, then it must contain a complete or empty tripartite subgraph with parts of order c(logn)[superscript 1/2 + δ(H)], where δ(H) > 0 depends only on H. This improves on the bound of c(logn)[superscript 1/]2, which holds in all 3-uniform hypergraphs, and, up to the value of the constant δ(H), is best possible.
We also prove that, for k ⩾ 4, no analogue of the standard Erdos–Hajnal conjecture can hold in k-uniform hypergraphs. That is, there are k -uniform hypergraphs H and sequences of H-free hypergraphs which do not contain cliques or independent sets of size appreciably larger than one would normally expect
Searches for B0(s) →J/ψpp¯ and B+→ J/ψ pp¯π+ decays

The results of searches for  B[superscript 0][subscript (s)]→J/ψ p[bar over p] and B[superscript +] → J/ψ p[bar over p]π[superscript +] decays are reported. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb[superscript −1] of pp collisions, collected with the LHCb detector. An excess with 2.8 σ significance is seen for the decay  B[superscript 0][supscript s]→J/ψ p[bar over p] and an upper limit on the branching fraction is set at the 90 % confidence level:  B(B[superscript 0][subscript s]→J/ψ p[bar over p] < 4.8 × 10[superscript −6], which is the first such limit. No significant signals are seen for B[superscript 0] → J/ψ p[bar over p]  and B[superscript +] → J/ψ p[bar over p]π[superscript +] decays, for which the corresponding limits are set:  B(B[superscript 0]→J/ψp[bar over p] < 5.2 × 10[superscript −7], which significantly improves the existing limit; and  B(B[superscript +]→J/ψ p[bar over p]π[superscript +]) < 5.0 × 10[superscript −7], which is the first limit on this branching fraction.National Science Foundation (U.S.
A search for flavour changing neutral currents in top-quark decays in pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at root s = 7 TeV

ATLAS Collaboration Contributor: M. White for the University of Adelaide.A search for flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) processes in top-quark decays by the ATLAS Collaboration is presented. Data collected from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of s root=7TeV during 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb -1, were used. A search was performed for top-quark pair-production events, with one top quark decaying through the t -> Zq FCNC (q = u, c) channel, and the other through the Standard Model dominant mode t -> W b. Only the decays of the Z boson to charged leptons and leptonic W -boson decays were considered as signal. Consequently, the final-state topology is characterised by the presence of three isolated charged leptons, at least two jets and missing transverse momentum from the undetected neutrino. No evidence for an FCNC signal was found. An upper limit on the t -> Zq branching ratio of BR(t -> Zq) < 0.73% is set at the 95% confidence level.The ATLAS collaboratio
Definition and validation of "favorable high-risk prostate cancer": implications for personalizing treatment of radiation-managed patients

Purpose: To define and validate a classification of favorable high-risk prostate cancer that could be used to personalize therapy, given that consensus guidelines recommend similar treatments for all radiation-managed patients with high-risk disease. Methods and Materials: We studied 3618 patients with cT1-T3aN0M0 high-risk or unfavorable intermediate-risk prostate adenocarcinoma treated with radiation at a single institution between 1997 and 2013. Favorable high-risk was defined as T1c disease with either Gleason 4 + 4 = 8 and prostate-specific antigen <10 ng/mL or Gleason 6 and prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL. Competing risks regression was used to determine differences in the risk of prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) after controlling for baseline factors and treatment. Our results were validated in a cohort of 13,275 patients using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Results: Patients with favorable high-risk disease had significantly better PCSM than other men with high-risk disease (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18-0.996, P=.049) and similar PCSM as men with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease (AHR 1.17, 95% CI 0.50-2.75, P=.710). We observed very similar results within the SEER-Medicare cohort (favorable high-risk vs other high-risk: AHR 0.21, 95% CI 0.11-0.41, P<.001; favorable high-risk vs unfavorable intermediate-risk: AHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.33-1.36, P=.268). Conclusions: Patients with favorable high-risk prostate cancer have significantly better PCSM than other patients with high-risk disease and similar PCSM as those with unfavorable intermediate-risk disease, who are typically treated with shorter-course androgen deprivation therapy. This new classification system may allow for personalization of treatment within high-risk disease, such as consideration of shorter-course androgen deprivation therapy for favorable high-risk disease.Vinayak Muralidhar, Ming-Hui Chen, Gally Reznor, Brian J. Moran, Michelle H. Braccioforte, Clair J. Beard, Felix Y. Feng, Karen E. Hoffman, Toni K. Choueiri, Neil E. Martin, Christopher J. Sweeney, Quoc-Dien Trinh and Paul L. Nguye
Inclusive and differential measurements of the t t-bar charge asymmetry in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The t t-bar charge asymmetry is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. Selected events contain an electron or a muon and four or more jets, where at least one jet is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The inclusive charge asymmetry is found to be 0.0010 +/- 0.0068 (stat) +/- 0.0037 (syst). In addition, differential charge asymmetries as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and invariant mass of the t t-bar system are studied. For the first time at the LHC, the measurements are also performed in a reduced fiducial phase space of top quark pair production, with an integrated result of -0.0035 +/- 0.0072 (stat) +/- 0.0031 (syst). All measurements are consistent within two standard deviations with zero asymmetry as well as with the predictions of the standard model
Measurement of W+W− production in association with one jet in proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV with the ATLAS detector

The production of W boson pairs in association with one jet in pp   collisions at sources=8 TeV is studied using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The cross section is measured in a fiducial phase-space region defined by the presence of exactly one electron and one muon, missing transverse momentum and exactly one jet with a transverse momentum above 25 GeV and a pseudorapidity of |η|<4.5|η|<4.5. The leptons are required to have opposite electric charge and to pass transverse momentum and pseudorapidity requirements. The fiducial cross section is found to be WWfid,1-jet=136±6(stat)±14(syst)±3(lumi) fb. In combination with a previous measurement restricted to leptonic final states with no associated jets, the fiducial cross section of WW   production with zero or one jet is measured to be WWfid,≤1-jet=511±9(stat)±26(syst)±10(lumi) fb. The ratio of fiducial cross sections in final states with one and zero jets is determined to be 0.36±0.050.36±0.05. Finally, a total cross section extrapolated from the fiducial measurement of WW production with zero or one associated jet is reported. The measurements are compared to theoretical predictions and found in good agreement.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, Canarie, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The role of nitrogen-related defects in high-k dielectric oxides: Density-functional studies

Using ab initio density-functional total energy and molecular-dynamics simulations, we study the effects of various forms of nitrogen postdeposition anneal(PDA) on the electric properties of hafnia in the context of its application as a gate dielectric in field-effect transistors. We consider the atomic structure and energetics of nitrogen-containing defects which can be formed during PDA in various N-based ambients: N2, N2+, N, NH3, NO, and N2O. We analyze the role of such defects in fixed charge accumulation, electron trapping, and in the growth of the interface SiO2 layer. We find that nitrogen anneal of the oxides leads to an effective immobilization of native defects such as oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen ions, which may inhibit the growth of a silica layer. However, nitrogen in any form is unlikely to significantly reduce the fixed charge in the dielectric.Peer reviewe
Manufacturing doubt about endocrine disrupter science : a rebuttal of industry-sponsored critical comments on the UNEP/WHO report “State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals 2012”

We present a detailed response to the critique of “State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
2012” (UNEP/WHO, 2013) by financial stakeholders, authored by Lamb et al. (2014). Lamb et al.'s claim
that UNEP/WHO (2013) does not provide a balanced perspective on endocrine disruption is based on
incomplete and misleading quoting of the report through omission of qualifying statements and inaccurate
description of study objectives, results and conclusions. Lamb et al. define extremely narrow
standards for synthesizing evidence which are then used to dismiss the UNEP/WHO 2013 report as
flawed. We show that Lamb et al. misuse conceptual frameworks for assessing causality, especially the
BradfordeHill criteria, by ignoring the fundamental problems that exist with inferring causality from
empirical observations. We conclude that Lamb et al.'s attempt of deconstructing the UNEP/WHO (2013)
report is not particularly erudite and that their critique is not intended to be convincing to the scientific
community, but to confuse the scientific data. Consequently, it promotes misinterpretation of the UNEP/
WHO (2013) report by non-specialists, bureaucrats, politicians and other decision makers not intimately
familiar with the topic of endocrine disruption and therefore susceptible to false generalizations of bias
and subjectivity.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/yrtphhb201
Learning to read new words in individuals with Down syndrome: Testing the role of phonological knowledge

AbstractThis study examined the effect of word level phonological knowledge on learning to read new words in Down syndrome compared to typical development. Children were taught to read 12 nonwords, 6 of which were pre-trained on their phonology. The 16 individuals with Down syndrome aged 8–17 years were compared first to a group of 30 typically developing children aged 5–7 years matched for word reading and then to a subgroup of these children matched for decoding. There was a marginally significant effect for individuals with Down syndrome to benefit more from phonological pre-training than typically developing children matched for word reading but when compared to the decoding-matched subgroup, the two groups benefitted equally. We explain these findings in terms of partial decoding attempts being resolved by word level phonological knowledge and conclude that being familiar with the spoken form of a new word may help children when they attempt to read it. This may be particularly important for children with Down syndrome and other groups of children with weak decoding skills
A data comparison between a traditional and the single-step β-galactosidase assay

AbstractThis article describes reproducibility of a single-step automated β-galactosidase, and the equivalence of its data to the traditional assay (“Experiments in Molecular Genetics” [1]). This was done via a pairwise comparison of both methods using strains with Miller Unit [MU] values ranging from 0 to over 2000. The data presented in this article is associated with the research article entitled “A single-step method for mid to high throughput β-galactosidase assays in Escherichia coli using a microplate reader” [2]
Cardy–Verlinde formula and holographic dark energy

AbstractIf we separate energy in a holographic theory into an extensive part and an intrinsic part, where the extensive part is given by the cosmological constant, and assume entropy be given by the Gibbons–Hawking formula, the Cardy–Verlinde formula then implies an intrinsic part which agrees with a term recently proposed by Hsu and Zee. Moreover, the cosmological constant so derived is in the form of the holographic dark energy, and the coefficient is just the one proposed recently by Li. If we replace the entropy by the so-called Hubble bound, we show that the Cardy–Verlinde formula is the same as the Friedmann equation in which the intrinsic energy is always dark energy. We work in an arbitrary dimension
Fast simulated annealing in Rd with an application to maximum likelihood estimation in state-space models

AbstractWe study simulated annealing algorithms to maximise a function ψ on a subset of Rd. In classical simulated annealing, given a current state θn in stage n of the algorithm, the probability to accept a proposed state z at which ψ is smaller, is exp(−βn+1(ψ(z)−ψ(θn)) where (βn) is the inverse temperature. With the standard logarithmic increase of (βn) the probability P(ψ(θn)≤ψmax−ε), with ψmax the maximal value of ψ, then tends to zero at a logarithmic rate as n increases. We examine variations of this scheme in which (βn) is allowed to grow faster, but also consider other functions than the exponential for determining acceptance probabilities. The main result shows that faster rates of convergence can be obtained, both with the exponential and other acceptance functions. We also show how the algorithm may be applied to functions that cannot be computed exactly but only approximated, and give an example of maximising the log-likelihood function for a state-space model
Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland

AbstractRecent work has confirmed that grounded ice reached the shelf break in central West Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we use a combination of marine sediment-core data, including glacimarine lithofacies and IRD proxy records, and geomorphological and acoustic facies evidence to examine the nature of and controls on the retreat of a major outlet of the western sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) across the shelf. Retreat of this outlet, which contained the ancestral Jakobshavns Isbræ ice stream, from the outer shelf in Disko Trough was rapid and progressed predominantly through iceberg calving, however, minor pauses in retreat (tens of years) occurred on the middle shelf at a trough narrowing forming subtle grounding-zone wedges. By 12.1 cal kyr BP ice had retreated to a basalt escarpment and shallow banks on the inner continental shelf, where it was pinned and stabilised for at least 100 years. During this time the ice margin appears to have formed a calving bay over the trough and melting became an important mechanism of ice-mass loss. Fine-grained sediments (muds) were deposited alternately with IRD-rich sediments (diamictons) forming a characteristic deglacial lithofacies that may be related to seasonal climatic cycles. High influxes of subglacial meltwater, emanating from the nearby ice margins, deposited muddy sediments during the warmer summer months whereas winters were dominated by iceberg calving leading to the deposition of the diamictons. This is the first example of this glacimarine lithofacies from a continental-shelf setting and we suggest that the calving-bay configuration of the ice margin, plus the switching between calving and melting as ablation mechanisms, facilitated its deposition by channelling meltwater and icebergs through the inner trough. The occurrence of a major stillstand on the inner shelf in Disko Trough demonstrates that the ice-dynamical response to local topography was a crucial control on the behaviour of a major outlet in this sector of the GrIS during retreat