pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Data on clinical characteristics of a heart failure patients’ cohort with reduced ejection fraction and analysis of the circulating values of five different heart failure biomarkers; high sensitivity troponin T, galectin-3, C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, soluble AXL and BNP

AbstractIn this article, the full description of a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF_REF) cohort of 192 patients is provided. Tables with the baseline demographic, prior history, ECG parameters, echocardiographic parameters, laboratory values and pharmacological treatment of these patients are included. Also, the quartile values of the analyzed circulating biomarkers: high sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT), galectin-3 (Gal-3), C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (CICP), soluble AXL (sAXL) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) are given. The main demographic and clinical features of the patients’ subgroups that have hs-TnT, Gal-3, CICP or BNP above the third quartile are described. Tables with Pearson correlation analysis of the HF_REF patients’ biomarker levels are included. And Pearson correlation analysis of the HF_REF patients’ hs-TnT, Gal-3, CICP levels with patients’ biochemical parameters, blood count and inflammation parameters are also described. These data are related to the research articles (AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is increased in patients with heart failure (M. Batlle, P. Recarte-Pelz, E. Roig, M.A. Castel, M. Cardona, M. Farrero, et al., 2014) [1] and Use of serum levels of high sensitivity troponin T, galectin-3 and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen at long term follow-up in Heart Failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: comparison with soluble AXL and BNP (M. Batlle, B. Campos, M. Farrero, M. Cardona, B. González, M.A. Castel, et al., 2016) [2]
Evaluation of the Xpert® MTB/Rif test, microscopic observation drug susceptibility test and nitrate reductase assay, for rapid and accurate diagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis in HIV patients

AbstractDiagnosis of smear-negative tuberculosis (TB), which is frequently seen in HIV-infected patients, is a challenge without conventional culture methods. Since 2007, the WHO (World Health Organization) has endorsed new or improved tests for increased and rapid diagnosis of TB. This study was undertaken in an effort to evaluate the accuracy of two rapid culture methods: the Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay (MODS) and Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA), and the molecular based test Xpert® MTB/Rif (Xpert), for diagnosis of smear-negative TB in HIV patients using the mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) in the BACTECTM MGITTM 960 system as the reference test. 430 smear-negative patients with presumptive TB were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care facility in Uganda. Their sputum was tested on MODS, NRA, Xpert and MGIT. Of the 430 patients, 373 had complete results to compute test accuracy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 43 patients by MGIT. The sensitivity and specificity were 24.4% and 98.1% for MODS, 41.5% and 92% for NRA, 48.8% and 95.1% for Xpert, respectively. The low sensitivity of the tests implies that additional diagnostics such as chest X-ray and conventional liquid culture methods might still be needed to detect TB in smear-negative HIV patients. The high specificity of the tests is useful to confirm TB in HIV patients with symptoms suggestive of TB
Measurement of double polarisation asymmetries in ω-photoproduction

AbstractThe first measurements of the beam-target-helicity-asymmetries E and G in the photoproduction of ω-mesons off protons at the CBELSA/TAPS experiment are reported. E (G) was measured using circularly (linearly) polarised photons and a longitudinally polarised target. E was measured over the photon energy range from close to threshold (Eγ=1108 MeV) to Eγ=2300 MeV and G at a single energy interval of 1108<Eγ<1300 MeV. Both measurements cover the full solid angle. The observables E and G are highly sensitive to the contribution of baryon resonances, with E acting as a helicity filter in the s-channel. The new results indicate significant s-channel resonance contributions together with contributions from t-channel exchange processes. A partial wave analysis reveals strong contributions from the partial waves with spin-parity JP=3/2+,5/2+, and 3/2−
High-energy resummation of direct photon production at hadronic colliders

AbstractDirect photon production is an important process at hadron colliders, being relevant both for precision measurement of the gluon density, and as background to Higgs and other new physics searches. Here we explore the implications of recently derived results for high-energy resummation of direct photon production for the interpretation of measurements at the Tevatron and the LHC. The effects of resummation are compared to various sources of theoretical uncertainties like PDFs and scale variations. We show how the high-energy resummation procedure stabilizes the logarithmic enhancement of the cross section at high energy which is present at any fixed order in the perturbative expansion starting at NNLO. The effects of high-energy resummation are found to be negligible at Tevatron, while they enhance the cross section by a few percent for pT≲10 GeV at the LHC. Our results imply that the discrepancy at small pT between fixed order NLO and Tevatron data cannot be explained by unresummed high-energy contributions
The Gribov problem in presence of background field for SU(2) Yang–Mills theory

AbstractThe Gribov problem in the presence of a background field is analyzed: in particular, we study the Gribov copies equation in the Landau–De Witt gauge as well as the semi-classical Gribov gap equation. As background field, we choose the simplest non-trivial one which corresponds to a constant gauge potential with non-vanishing component along the Euclidean time direction. This kind of constant non-Abelian background fields is very relevant in relation with (the computation of) the Polyakov loop but it also appears when one considers the non-Abelian Schwinger effect. We show that the Gribov copies equation is affected directly by the presence of the background field, constructing an explicit example. The analysis of the Gribov gap equation shows that the larger the background field, the smaller the Gribov mass parameter. These results strongly suggest that the relevance of the Gribov copies (from the path integral point of view) decreases as the size of the background field increases
On bulk singularity structures and all order α′ contact terms of BPS string amplitudes

AbstractThe entire form of the amplitude of three SYM (involving two transverse scalar fields, a gauge field) and a potential Cn−1 Ramond–Ramond (RR) form field is found out. We first derive <VC−2VA0Vϕ0Vϕ0> and then start constructing an infinite number of t,s channel bulk singularity structures by means of all order α′ corrections to pull-back of brane in an Effective Field Theory (EFT). Due to presence of the complete form of S-matrix, several new contact interactions as well as new couplings are explored. It is also shown that these couplings can be verified at the level of EFT by either the combinations of Myers terms, pull-back, Taylor expanded of scalar fields or the mixed combination of the couplings of this paper as well as employed Bianchi identities. For the first time, we also derive the algebraic and the complete form of the integrations for some arbitrary combinations of Mandelstam variables and for the most general case ∫d2z|1−z|a|z|b(z−z¯)c(z+z¯)3 on upper half plane as well
Kallistatin, a new and reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis

AbstractKallistatin, which protects organs and cells against inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress, is mainly synthesized and secreted in liver. However, its relationship to human liver disease remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between serum kallistatin and clinical evidence of both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to determine if serum kallistatin levels could be used as a diagnostic indicator of hepatic health status, especially human liver cirrhosis (LC). Our cohort consisted of 115 patients with clinically proven liver fibrosis (LF), LC, or HCC by liver biopsies, and 31 healthy controls (CON). Serum kallistatin levels were quantified by ELISA. Results of the present study demonstrated that irrespective of the underlying etiology, serum kallistatin levels were significantly lower in the LF/LC group when compared with the CON group. A decrease in serum kallistatin levels appeared to reflect the extent of cirrhosis, with the lowest levels associated with higher grades of cirrhosis. Patients with LC had a noticeable correlation between serum kallistatin levels and other serum biochemical indicators. The area under the curve (AUC) for LC, viral liver cirrhosis (VLC) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) was 0.845, 0.757 and 0.931, respectively. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that kallistatin, a plasma protein produced by the liver, can be a useful and reliable diagnostic indicator of hepatic health status, especially for LC
Annealing diffusions in a potential function with a slow growth

AbstractConsider a continuous analogue of the simulated annealing algorithm in Rd, namely the solution of the SDE dXt=σ(t)dBt−∇V(Xt)dt, where V is a function called the potential. We prove a convergence result, similar to the one in [L. Miclo, Thèse de doctorat, Ph.D. Thesis, Université Paris VI, 1991], under weaker hypotheses on the potential function. In particular, we cover cases where the gradient of the potential goes to zero at infinity. The main idea is to replace the Poincaré and log-Sobolev inequalities used in [L. Miclo, Thèse de doctorat, Ph.D. Thesis, Université Paris VI, 1991; C.-R. Hwang, T.-S. Chiang, S.-J. Sheu, Diffusion for global optimization in Rn, SIAM J. Control Optim. 25 (1987) 737–753.] by the weak Poincaré inequalities (introduced in [M. Röckner, F.-Y. Wang, Weak Poincaré inequalities and L2 convergence rates of Markov semigroups, J. Funct. Anal. 185 (2001) 564–603]), and to estimate constants with measure–capacity criteria. We show that the convergence still holds for the ‘classical’ schedule σ(t)=c/ln(t), where c is bigger than a constant related to V (namely the height of the largest potential barrier)
Extraction of the strong neutron–proton mass difference from the charge symmetry breaking in pn→dπ0

AbstractWe perform a complete calculation of charge symmetry breaking effects for the reaction pn→dπ0 at leading order in chiral perturbation theory. A new leading-order operator is included. From our analysis we extract δmNstr, the strong contribution to the neutron–proton mass difference. The value obtained, δmNstr=(1.5±0.8 (exp.)±0.5 (th.)) MeV, is consistent with the result based on the Cottingham sum rule. This agreement provides a non-trivial test of our current understanding of the chiral structure of QCD
Determination of |Vub| from exclusive baryonic B decays

AbstractWe use the exclusive baryonic B decays to determine the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix element Vub. From the relation |Vub|2/|Vcb|2=(Bπ/BD)Rff based on B−→pp¯π− and B¯0→pp¯D0 decays, where |Vcb| and Bπ/BD≡B(B−→pp¯π−)/B(B¯0→pp¯D0) are the data input parameters, while Rff is the one fixed by the B→pp¯ transition matrix elements, we find |Vub|=(3.48−0.63+0.87±0.40±0.07)×10−3 with the errors corresponding to the uncertainties from Rff, Bπ/BD and |Vcb|, respectively. Being independent of the previous results, our determination of |Vub| has the central value close to those from the exclusive B¯→πℓν¯ℓ and Λb→pμ−ν¯μ decays, but overlaps the one from the inclusive B¯→Xuℓν¯ℓ with the current uncertainties. The extraction of |Vub| in the baryonic B decays is clearly very useful for the complete determination of the CKM matrix elements as well as the exploration of new physics
The stationary Navier–Stokes equations in 3D exterior domains. An approach in anisotropically weighted Lq spaces

AbstractWe consider the three-dimensional exterior problem for stationary Navier–Stokes equations. We prove, under assumptions of smallness of the data, existence and uniqueness of solutions. By setting the problem in weighted spaces where the weights reflect the anisotropic decay properties of the fundamental solution of Oseen, we show the better decay of the solutions outside the wake region. Moreover, the solutions we obtained have a finite Dirichlet integral and under additional assumptions on the weights they are also PR-solutions in the sense of Finn [R. Finn, On the exterior stationary problem for the Navier–Stokes equations, and associated perturbation problems, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 19 (1965) 363–406]. The study relies on an Lq-theory for 1<q<∞
Heavy–heavy–light quark potential in SU(3) lattice QCD

AbstractWe perform the first study for the heavy–heavy–light quark (QQq) potential in SU(3) quenched lattice QCD with the Coulomb gauge. The calculations are done with the standard gauge and O(a)-improved Wilson fermion action on the 164 lattice at β=6.0. We calculate the energy of QQq systems as the function of the distance R between the two heavy quarks, and find that the QQq potential is well described with a Coulomb plus linear potential form up to the intermediate distance R⩽0.8 fm. Compared to the static three-quark case, the effective string tension between the heavy quarks is significantly reduced by the finite-mass valence quark effect. This reduction is considered to be a general property for baryons
Interpreting the 750 GeV diphoton excess by the singlet extension of the Manohar–Wise model

AbstractThe evidence of a new scalar particle X from the 750 GeV diphoton excess, and the absence of any other signal of new physics at the LHC so far suggest the existence of new colored scalars, which may be moderately light and thus can induce sizable Xgg and Xγγ couplings without resorting to very strong interactions. Motivated by this speculation, we extend the Manohar–Wise model by adding one gauge singlet scalar field. The resulting theory then predicts one singlet dominated scalar ϕ as well as three kinds of color-octet scalars, which can mediate through loops the ϕgg and ϕγγ interactions. After fitting the model to the diphoton data at the LHC, we find that in reasonable parameter regions the excess can be explained at 1σ level by the process gg→ϕ→γγ, and the best points predict the central value of the excess rate with χmin2=2.32, which corresponds to a p-value of 0.68. We also consider the constraints from various LHC Run I signals, and we conclude that, although these constraints are powerful in excluding the parameter space of the model, the best points are still experimentally allowed
The Morse–Witten complex via dynamical systems

AbstractGiven a smooth closed manifold M, the Morse–Witten complex associated to a Morse function f and a Riemannian metric g on M consists of chain groups generated by the critical points of f and a boundary operator counting isolated flow lines of the negative gradient flow. Its homology reproduces singular homology of M. The geometric approach presented here was developed in Weber [Der Morse–Witten Komplex, Diploma Thesis, TU Berlin, 1993] and is based on tools from hyperbolic dynamical systems. For instance, we apply the Grobman–Hartman theorem and the λ-lemma (Inclination Lemma) to analyze compactness and define gluing for the moduli space of flow lines
Non-commutative integrability, paths and quasi-determinants

AbstractIn previous work, we showed that the solution of certain systems of discrete integrable equations, notably Q and T-systems, is given in terms of partition functions of positively weighted paths, thereby proving the positive Laurent phenomenon of Fomin and Zelevinsky for these cases. This method of solution is amenable to generalization to non-commutative weighted paths. Under certain circumstances, these describe solutions of discrete evolution equations in non-commutative variables: Examples are the corresponding quantum cluster algebras (Berenstein and Zelevinsky (2005) [3]), the Kontsevich evolution (Di Francesco and Kedem (2010) [10]) and the T-systems themselves (Di Francesco and Kedem (2009) [8]). In this paper, we formulate certain non-commutative integrable evolutions by considering paths with non-commutative weights, together with an evolution of the weights that reduces to cluster algebra mutations in the commutative limit. The general weights are expressed as Laurent monomials of quasi-determinants of path partition functions, allowing for a non-commutative version of the positive Laurent phenomenon. We apply this construction to the known systems, and obtain Laurent positivity results for their solutions in terms of initial data
Maternal mortality and distance to facility-based obstetric care in rural southern Tanzania: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional census data in 226 000 households

SummaryBackgroundAccess to skilled obstetric delivery and emergency care is deemed crucial for reducing maternal mortality. We assessed pregnancy-related mortality by distance to health facilities and by cause of death in a disadvantaged rural area of southern Tanzania.MethodsWe did a secondary analysis of cross-sectional georeferenced census data collected from June to October, 2007, in five rural districts of southern Tanzania. Heads of georeferenced households were asked about household deaths in the period June 1, 2004, to May 31, 2007, and women aged 13–49 years were interviewed about birth history in the same time period. Causes of death in women of reproductive age were ascertained by verbal autopsy. We also asked for sociodemographic information. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyse the effects of distance to health facilities providing delivery care on pregnancy-related mortality (direct and indirect maternal and coincidental deaths).FindingsThe study included 818 583 people living in 225 980 households. Pregnancy-related mortality was high at 712 deaths per 100 000 livebirths, with haemorrhage being the leading cause of death. Deaths due to direct causes of maternal mortality were strongly related to distance, with mortality increasing from 111 per 100 000 livebirths among women who lived within 5 km to 422 deaths per 100 000 livebirths among those who lived more than 35 km from a hospital (adjusted odds ratio 3·68; 95% CI 1·37–9·88). Neither pregnancy-related nor indirect maternal mortality was associated with distance to hospital. Among women who lived within 5 km of a hospital, pregnancy-related mortality was 664 deaths per 100 000 livebirths even though 72% gave birth in hospital and 8% had delivery by caesarean section.InterpretationLarge distances to hospital contribute to high levels of direct obstetric mortality. High pregnancy-related mortality in those living near to a hospital suggests deficiencies in quality of care.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Kochen–Specker theorem studied with neutron interferometer

AbstractThe Kochen–Specker theorem shows the incompatibility of noncontextual hidden variable theories with quantum mechanics. Quantum contextuality is a more general concept than quantum non-locality which is quite well tested in experiments using Bell inequalities. Within neutron interferometry we performed an experimental test of the Kochen–Specker theorem with an inequality, which identifies quantum contextuality, by using spin-path entanglement of single neutrons. Here entanglement is achieved not between different particles, but between degrees of freedom of a single neutron, i.e., between spin and path degree of freedom. Appropriate combinations of the spin analysis and the position of the phase shifter allow an experimental verification of the violation of an inequality derived from the Kochen–Specker theorem. The observed violation 2.291±0.008≰1 clearly shows that quantum mechanical predictions cannot be reproduced by noncontextual hidden variable theories
Ds+–Ds− asymmetry in photoproduction

AbstractConsidering of the possible difference in strange and antistrange quark distributions inside nucleon, we investigate the Ds+–Ds− asymmetry in photoproduction in the framework of heavy-quark recombination mechanism. We adopt two distribution models of strange sea, those are the light-cone meson–baryon fluctuation model and the effective chiral quark model. Our results show that the asymmetry induced by the strange quark distributions is distinct, which is measurable in experiments. And, there are evident differences between the predictions of our calculation and previous estimation. Therefore, the experimental measurements on the Ds+–Ds− asymmetry may impose a unique restriction on the strange–antistrange distribution asymmetry models
Triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary disease: collaborative analysis of 101 studies

SummaryBackgroundWhether triglyceride-mediated pathways are causally relevant to coronary heart disease is uncertain. We studied a genetic variant that regulates triglyceride concentration to help judge likelihood of causality.MethodsWe assessed the −1131T>C (rs662799) promoter polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene in relation to triglyceride concentration, several other risk factors, and risk of coronary heart disease. We compared disease risk for genetically-raised triglyceride concentration (20 842 patients with coronary heart disease, 35 206 controls) with that recorded for equivalent differences in circulating triglyceride concentration in prospective studies (302 430 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease; 12 785 incident cases of coronary heart disease during 2·79 million person-years at risk). We analysed −1131T>C in 1795 people without a history of cardiovascular disease who had information about lipoprotein concentration and diameter obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.FindingsThe minor allele frequency of −1131T>C was 8% (95% CI 7–9). −1131T>C was not significantly associated with several non-lipid risk factors or LDL cholesterol, and it was modestly associated with lower HDL cholesterol (mean difference per C allele 3·5% [95% CI 2·6–4·6]; 0·053 mmol/L [0·039–0·068]), lower apolipoprotein AI (1·3% [0·3–2·3]; 0·023 g/L [0·005–0·041]), and higher apolipoprotein B (3·2% [1·3–5·1]; 0·027 g/L [0·011–0·043]). By contrast, for every C allele inherited, mean triglyceride concentration was 16·0% (95% CI 12·9–18·7), or 0·25 mmol/L (0·20–0·29), higher (p=4·4×10−24). The odds ratio for coronary heart disease was 1·18 (95% CI 1·11–1·26; p=2·6×10−7) per C allele, which was concordant with the hazard ratio of 1·10 (95% CI 1·08–1·12) per 16% higher triglyceride concentration recorded in prospective studies. −1131T>C was significantly associated with higher VLDL particle concentration (mean difference per C allele 12·2 nmol/L [95% CI 7·7–16·7]; p=9·3×10−8) and smaller HDL particle size (0·14 nm [0·08–0·20]; p=7·0×10−5), factors that could mediate the effects of triglyceride.InterpretationThese data are consistent with a causal association between triglyceride-mediated pathways and coronary heart disease.FundingBritish Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, Novartis
Suppressing exchange effects in diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy

AbstractIn diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) the aim is to separate signals from different molecular species according to their different diffusion coefficients. Each species has its individual diffusion coefficient (that may accidentally coincide with that of another species, e.g. if they are of very similar size). In exchanging systems, however, there is a serious complication in that the apparent diffusion coefficient of an exchanging signal will be a compromise that depends, among other factors, on the diffusion coefficients of the exchange partners and the rate of exchange between them. The DOSY spectrum will be much harder to interpret and can often give the appearance of extra (spurious) components in the mixture. Here a new and surprisingly simple experiment is described that suppresses the effects of exchange on apparent diffusion coefficients, restoring the simplicity of interpretation enjoyed by non-exchanging systems