pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Role of the southern Indian Ocean in the transitions of the monsoon-ENSO system during recent decades

International audienceThe focus of this study is to document the possible role of the southern subtropical IndianOcean in the transitions of the monsoon-ENSO system during recent decades.Composite analyses of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) fields prior to El Niño-SouthernOscillation (ENSO), Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), AUstralian Summer Monsoon(AUSM), Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole (TIOD) and Maritime Continent Rainfall (MCR)indices reveal the South East Indian Ocean (SEIO) SSTs during late boreal winter as theunique common SST precursor of these various phenomena after the 1976-1977 regime shift.Weak (strong) ISMs and AUSMs, El Niños (La Niñas) and positive (negative) TIOD eventsare preceded by significant negative (positive) SST anomalies in the SEIO, off Australiaduring boreal winter. These SST anomalies are mainly linked to subtropical Indian Oceandipole events, recently studied by Behera and Yamagata (2001). A wavelet analysis of aFebruary-March SEIO SST time series shows significant spectral peaks at 2 and 4-8 yearstime scales as for ENSO, ISM or AUSM indices. A composite analysis with respect toFebruary-March SEIO SSTs shows that cold (warm) SEIO SST anomalies are highlypersistent and affect the westward translation of the Mascarene high from austral to borealsummer, inducing a weakening (strengthening) of the whole ISM circulation through amodulation of the local Hadley cell during late boreal summer. At the same time, thesesubtropical SST anomalies and the associated SEIO anomalous anticyclone may be a triggerfor both the wind-evaporation-SST and wind-thermocline-SST positive feedbacks betweenAustralia and Sumatra during boreal spring and early summer. These positive feedbacksexplain the extraordinary persistence of the SEIO anomalous anticyclone from boreal springto fall. Meanwhile, the SEIO anomalous anticyclone favors persistent southeasterly windanomalies along the west coast of Sumatra and westerly wind anomalies over the westernPacific, which are well-known key-factors for the evolution of positive TIOD and El Niñoevents, respectively. A correlation analysis supports these results and shows that SEIO SSTsin February-March has higher predictive skill than other well-established ENSO predictors forforecasting Niño3.4 SST at the end of the year. This suggests again that SEIO SST anomaliesexert a fundamental influence on the transitions of the whole monsoon-ENSO system duringrecent decades
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating Systems Upgrade toward High Power and CW operations in WEST

International audienceThe design of the WEST (Tungsten-W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) Ion cyclotron resonance heating antennas is based on a previously tested conjugate-T Resonant Double Loops prototype equipped with internal vacuum matching capacitors. The design and construction of three new WEST ICRH antennas are being carried out in close collaboration with ASIPP, within the framework of the Associated Laboratory in the fusion field between IRFM and ASIPP. The coupling performance to the plasma and the load-tolerance have been improved, while adding Continuous Wave operation capability by introducing water cooling in the entire antenna. On the generator side, the operation class of the high power tetrodes is changed from AB to B in order to allow high power operation (up to 3 MW per antenna) under higher VSWR (up to 2:1). Reliability of the generators is also improved by increasing the cavity breakdown voltage. The control and data acquisition system is also upgraded in order to resolve and react on fast events, such as ELMs. A new optical arc detection system comes in reinforcement of the Vr/Vf and SHAD systems
Numerical modelling of magma transport in dykes

International audienceThe rheology and dynamics of an ascending pure melt in a dyke have been extensively studied in the past. From field observations, it is apparent that most dykes actually contain a crystalline load. The presence of a crystalline load modifies the effective rheology of such a system and thus the flow behaviour. Indeed, the higher density and viscosity of each crystal, compared to the melt, cause a decrease of the ascent velocity and modify the shape of the velocity profile, from a typical Poiseuille flow, to a Bingham-type flow. A common feature observed in the field is the arrangement of crystals parallel or at a very low angle to the edge of the dyke. Such a structural arrangement is often interpreted as the result of magma flow, which caused the crystals to rotate and align within the flow direction, but this process remains unclear. Another issue related to the introduction of a crystalline load concerns the possibility for crystals to be segregated from a viscous granitic melt phase during magma ascent. The implications of such a process on magmatic differentiation have not previously been considered, nor has such a process been previously investigated via numerical models. In this study, we examine the flow dynamics of a crystal bearing granitic melt ascending in a dyke via numerical models. In our models, both the crystal and melt phases are represented as highly viscous fluids in a Stokes regime. Our results reveal that the presence of crystals in the melt modifies the magma velocity profile across the dyke. Furthermore, we observe that whilst crystals continually rotate in the shear flow, over one period of revolution, their major axis has a high probability to be aligned parallel to the flow direction. Moreover, some experiments showed that the melt phase can effectively be squeezed out from a crystal-rich magma when subjected to a given pressure gradient range. This demonstrates that crystal-melt segregation in dykes during granitic magma ascent constitutes a viable mechanism for magmatic differentiation
Kinetics of steel slag leaching: Batch tests and modeling

International audienceReusing steel slag as an aggregate for road construction requires to characterize the leaching kinetics and metal releases. In this study, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag were subjected to batch leaching tests at liquid to solid ratios (L/S) of 10 and 100 over 30 days; the leachate chemistry being regularly sampled in time. A geochemical model of the steel slag is developed and validated from experimental data, particularly the evolution with leaching of mineralogical composition of the slag and trace element speciation. Kinetics is necessary for modeling the primary phase leaching, whereas a simple thermodynamic equilibrium approach can be used for secondary phase precipitation. The proposed model simulates the kinetically-controlled dissolution (hydrolysis) of primary phases, the precipitation of secondary phases (C-S-H, hydroxide and spinel), the pH and redox conditions, and the progressive release of major elements as well as the metals Cr and V. Modeling indicates that the dilution effect of the L/S ratio is often coupled to solubility-controlled processes, which are sensitive to both the pH and the redox potential. A sensitivity analysis of kinetic uncertainties on the modeling of element releases is performed
Grain size distributions of fault rocks: a comparison between experimentally and naturally deformed granitoids.

International audienceWe have investigated the grain size distribution (GSD) of granitoid fault rock by comparing experimentally produced gouge with fault rock from the Nojima Fault Zone. Triaxial experiments were carried out on wet and dry intact samples of Verzasca Gneiss at T = 300 and 500°C, Pc = 500 and 1030 MPa, ε = 0.013-1.6 x 10-4s-1. The GSD has been determined from SEM-micrographs and is characterized by the slope, D, of its log(frequency)-log(radius) histogram. The GSD is not fractal; we observe two slopes for all GSDs. The larger grains in experimentally deformed samples have a D value, D>, of 2.04 and 2.26 for feldspar and quartz gouge. Cracked grains yield values of D = 1.5-1.6.Increasing the confining pressure or temperature decreases the D-value. For grains smaller than ~2 μm another D-value, D<, of 0.9-1.1 is observed. The grain radius at the slope change, rK, corresponds to the grinding limit of quartz, so that rK probably represents a change in the dominant comminution mechanism from grinding to attrition-processes. The GSD obtained from deformation experiments agrees well with results for the Nojima Fault Zone: D> = 2.02 for gouge and 1.64 for cracked grains; D< = 0.97. Grain size reduction in fault zones develops by a two-stage process: rupturing creates cracked grains; further displacement of fragments causes further comminution by wear and attrition. Cracked grains have been used to calculate the surface energy associated with faulting; it follows that this energy forms a small fraction in the total energy-budget of earthquakes
Exact computation of emergy based on a mathematical reinterpretation of the rules of emergy algebra

cited By (since 1996)5International audienceThe emergy algebra is based on four rules, the use of which is sometimes confusing or reserved only to the experts of the domain. The emergy computation does not obey conservation logic (i.e. emergy computation does not obey Kirchoff-like circuit law). In this paper the authors propose to reformulate the emergy rules into three axioms which provide (i) a rigourous mathematical framework for emergy computation and (ii) an exact recursive algorithm to compute emergy within a system of interconnected processes at steady state modeled by an oriented graph named the emergy graph.Because emergy algebra follows a logic of memorization, the evaluation principles deal with paths in the emergy graph. The underlying algebraic structure is the set of non-negative real numbers operated on by three processes, the maximum (max), addition (+) and multiplication (*). The maximum is associated with the co-product problem. Addition is linked with the split problem or with the independence of two emergy flows. And multiplication is related to the logic of memorization. The axioms describe how to use the different operators max, + and * to combine flows without any confusion or ambiguity. The method is tested on five benchmark emergy examples. © 2012 Elsevier B.V
Role of desert aerosol in metal fluxes in the Mediterranean area.

Aerosols and precipitations collected over Sardinia are mainly controlled by two end-members: Saharan and European. European background aerosols in Sardinia show a 3 to 25-fold decrease in EFcrust values for Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cr compared with coastal stations in the Western Mediterranean. Partitioning of total atmospheric deposition between the soluble and the insoluble phases shows that Al, Si, Fe and Pb originating from the atmosphere are mostly in the insoluble form. For Ca, Cd, Cr metals the dissolved fraction represents 50-90 % of the total input. \ud
Aerosol dissolution experiments performed at particle concentrations ranging from 3 to 300 mg l-1 show Cd and Pb exhibiting low solubility at the high mass particle concentration. Solubility of Pb increases with the EFcrust values and the finest grain-size of the aerosols (<1µm), and is less affected by pH. Al and Fe solubilities appear to be mainly controlled by the particulate load. Dissolution of both metals decreases significantly from 30% (13 % for Fe) at aerosol loads lower than 5 mg l-1, to less than 1% for both metals, at total aerosol concentrations greater than 50 mg l-1, which are encountered during Saharan transport. \ud
Fluxes (dry +wet) of metals at Sardinia show that ~ 30% for Cd and Pb, to more than 80 % for Fe and Al are due to Saharan contribution
Inhibitive action of gramine towards corrosion of mild steel in deaerated 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solutions

The effect of addition of gramine on mild steel dissolution in deaerated 1.0 M hydrochloric acid was studied through potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric measurements in the temperature range from 25 °C to 55 °C. Gramine was found to shift the corrosion potentials towards less noble values and decrease both dissolution of mild steel and hydrogen evolution reaction. Gramine did not affect the corrosion reaction mechanism (blocking effect). Results obtained from the several measurement techniques were in good agreement and revealed good inhibition efficiencies in the concentration range (0.75 mM ÷ 7.5 mM) particularly at higher concentrations
Spin Configuration in the 1/3 Magnetization Plateau of Azurite Determined by NMR

High magnetic field ^<63,65>Cu NMR spectra were used to determine the local spin polarization in the 1/3
	magnetization plateau of azurite, Cu_3
	(CO_3)_2(OH)_2, which is a model system for the distorted diamond
	antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 chain. The spin part of the hyperfine field of the Cu2 (dimer) sites is found to
	be field independent, negative and strongly anisotropic, corresponding to ~10% of fully polarized spin in
	a d orbital. This is close to the expected configuration of the quantum plateau, where a singlet state is
	stabilized on the dimer. However, the observed nonzero spin polarization points to some triplet admixture,
	induced by strong asymmetry of the diamond bonds J_1 and J_3
Strategies for an accurate determination of the X(3872) energy from QCD lattice simulations

We develop a method to determine accurately the binding energy of the X( 3872) from lattice data for the D (D) over bar* interaction. We show that, because of the small difference between the neutral and charged components of the X( 3872), it is necessary to differentiate them in the energy levels of the lattice spectrum if one wishes to have a precise determination of the the binding energy of the X( 3872). The analysis of the data requires the use of coupled channels. Depending on the number of levels available and the size of the box, we determine the precision needed in the lattice energies to finally obtain a desired accuracy in the binding energy
NMR investigation of structures of G-protein coupled receptor folding intermediates

Folding of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) according to the two-stage model (Popot et al., Biochemistry 29(1990), 4031) is postulated to proceed in 2 steps: Partitioning of the polypeptide into the membrane followed by diffusion until native contacts are formed. Herein we investigate conformational preferences of fragments of the yeast Ste2p receptor using NMR. Constructs comprising the first, the first two and the first three transmembrane (TM) segments, as well as a construct comprising TM1-TM2 covalently linked to TM7 were examined. We observed that the isolated TM1 does not form a stable helix nor does it integrate well into the micelle. TM1 is significantly stabilized upon interaction with TM2, forming a helical hairpin reported previously (Neumoin et al., Biophys. J. 96(2009), 3187), and in this case the protein integrates into the hydrophobic interior of the micelle. TM123 displays a strong tendency to oligomerize, but hydrogen exchange data reveal that the center of TM3 is solvent exposed. In all\ud
GPCRs so-far structurally characterized TM7 forms many contacts with TM1 and TM2. In our study TM127 integrates well into the hydrophobic environment, but TM7 does not stably pack against the remaining helices. Topology mapping in microsomal membranes also indicates that TM1 does not integrate in a membrane-spanning fashion, but that TM12, TM123 and TM127 adopt predominantly native- like topologies. The data from our study would be consistent with the retention of individual helices of incompletely synthesized GPCRs in the vicinity of the translocon until the complete receptor is released into the membrane interior
Dynamic replication strategies in data grid systems: A survey

In data grid systems, data replication aims to increase availability, fault tolerance, load balancing and scalability while reducing bandwidth consumption, and job execution time. Several classification schemes for data replication were proposed in the literature, (i) static vs. dynamic, (ii) centralized vs. decentralized, (iii) push vs. pull, and (iv) objective function based. Dynamic data replication is a form of data replication that is performed with respect to the changing conditions of the grid environment. In this paper, we present a survey of recent dynamic data replication strategies. We study and classify these strategies by taking the target data grid architecture as the sole classifier. We discuss the key points of the studied strategies and provide feature comparison of them according to important metrics. Furthermore, the impact of data grid architecture on dynamic replication performance is investigated in a simulation study. Finally, some important issues and open research problems in the area are pointed out
Identification of gene mutations and fusion genes in patients with Sézary Syndrome

Sézary syndrome is a leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with an aggressive clinical course. The genetic etiology of the disease is poorly understood, with chromosomal abnormalities and mutations in some genes being involved in the disease. The goal of our study was to understand the genetic basis of the disease by looking for driver gene mutations and fusion genes in 15 erythrodermic patients with circulating Sézary cells, 14 of them fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of Sézary syndrome. We have discovered genes that could be involved in the pathogenesis of Sézary syndrome. Some of the genes that are affected by somatic point mutations include ITPR1, ITPR2, DSC1, RIPK2, IL6, and RAG2, with some of them mutated in more than one patient. We observed several somatic copy number variations shared between patients, including deletions and duplications of large segments of chromosome 17. Genes with potential function in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway and tumorigenesis were disrupted in Sézary syndrome patients, for example, CBLB, RASA2, BCL7C, RAMP3, TBRG4, and DAD1. Furthermore, we discovered several fusion events of interest involving RASA2, NFKB2, BCR, FASN, ZEB1, TYK2, and SGMS1. Our work has implications for the development of potential therapeutic approaches for this aggressive disease
Use of anti-pronation taping to assess suitability of orthotic prescription: Case report

This case report describes a strategy for assessing the suitability of orthotic prescription for individual patients with lower limb overuse injuries. The case concerns a 32 year old male soccer player with a two-year history of Achilles tendinopathy. A functional assessment performed before, during, and after a trial period of anti-pronation taping showed that taping reduced symptoms markedly and resulted in a 10-fold increase in pain-free jogging distance. This was interpreted as an indication for favourable orthotic intervention. Subsequently, orthotic intervention was associated with a similar reduction in symptoms and improvement in function. This case study illustrates how a trial period of anti-pronation taping could assist therapists to make decisions about prescription of orthoses for lower limb overuse injuries
The impact of situational context on the software development process – A Case study of a highly innovative start-up organization

Over the past six years, we have examined the impact of situational context of the software development process. Our early work involved the systematic development of a comprehensive situational factors reference framework. More recently, our efforts have focused on the application of this reference framework to different types of situational context. In this latest in a series of case studies, we examine the case of a small start-up organization, exploring in detail the process adopted. We also undertook a detailed evaluation of the situational context, carefully identifying the situational factors of greatest importance and how these factors have influenced the process design. The outcome of our case study confirms our earlier finding that a software development process is highly dependent on the organizational context. We also discovered some interesting new themes in this start-up environment, including the difficulty associated with prioritizing situational factors and the complexity that surrounds software process design. The role of organizational learning and feedback into improved development processes is also presented as a critical feature
Cross-sectional and plan-view cathodoluminescence of GaN partially coalesced above a nanocolumn array

The optical properties of GaN layers coalesced above an array of nanocolumns have important consequences for advanced optoelectronic devices. GaN nanocolumns coalesced using a nanoscale epitaxial overgrowth technique have been investigated by high resolution cathodoluminescence (CL) hyperspectral imaging. Plan-view microscopy reveals partially coalesced GaN layers with a sub-μm scale domain structure and distinct grain boundaries, which is mapped using CL spectroscopy showing high strain at the grain boundaries. Cross-sectional areas spanning the partially coalesced GaN and underlying nanocolumns are mapped using CL, revealing that the GaN bandedge peak shifts by about 25 meV across the partially coalesced layer of ∼2 μm thick. The GaN above the nanocolumns remains under tensile strain, probably due to Si out-diffusion from the mask or substrate. The cross-sectional data show how this strain is reduced towards the surface of the partially coalesced layer, possibly due to misalignment between adjacent partially coalesced regions
Photoluminescence of InNAs alloys: S-Shaped Temperature Dependence and Conduction-Band Nonparabolicity

<p>Photoluminescence (PL) has been used as a means of unambiguously observing band gap reduction in InNAs epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The observed redshift in room temperature emission as a function of nitrogen concentration is in agreement with the predictions of the band anticrossing (BAC) model, as implemented with model parameters derived from tight-binding calculations. The temperature dependence of the emission from certain samples exhibits a signature non-Varshni-like behavior indicative of electron trapping in nitrogen-related localized states below the conduction-band edge, as predicted by the linear combination of isolated nitrogen states (LCINS) model. This non-Varshni-like behavior tends to grow more pronounced with increasing nitrogen content, but for the highest nitrogen concentration studied, the more familiar Varshni-like behavior is recovered. Although unexpected, this observation is found to be consistent with the BAC and LCINS models. With consideration given to the effects of conduction-band nonparabolicity on the emission line shapes, the BAC model parameters extracted from the measured PL transition energies are found to be in excellent agreement with the predictions of the aforementioned tight-binding calculations.</p
Novel biosensor fabrication methodology based on\ud
processable conducting polyaniline nanoparticles

This work investigates polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles, (synthesised using dodecylbenzenesulphonic acid (DBSA) as a dopant), as a novel, highly processable, non-diﬀusional mediating species in an enzyme biosensing application. These nanoparticles are readily dispersed in aqueous media which helps overcome some of the processability issues traditionally associated with polyaniline.\ud
Modification of screen-printed electrodes was readily achieved with these aqueous nanoparticle dispersions, where the nanoparticles were simply cast by a drop-coating method onto the surface. After suitable pH adjustment, it was shown that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme could be added to the dispersion, and cast simultaneously with the conducting polyaniline. This eﬀective fabrication method involves no electrochemical steps, and as such is easily amenable to mass production. The feasibility of casting enzyme with polyaniline nanoparticles is demonstrated in this short communication. More accurate deposition of protein-containing inks onto screen-printed carbon working electrodes could in the future transfer the drop-coating protocol from manual deposition to largescale production by mechanical methods such as ink-jet printing