pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Halo effective field theory constrains the solar 7Be + p → 8B + γ rate

AbstractWe report an improved low-energy extrapolation of the cross section for the process Be7(p,γ)B8, which determines the 8B neutrino flux from the Sun. Our extrapolant is derived from Halo Effective Field Theory (EFT) at next-to-leading order. We apply Bayesian methods to determine the EFT parameters and the low-energy S-factor, using measured cross sections and scattering lengths as inputs. Asymptotic normalization coefficients of 8B are tightly constrained by existing radiative capture data, and contributions to the cross section beyond external direct capture are detected in the data at E<0.5 MeV. Most importantly, the S-factor at zero energy is constrained to be S(0)=21.3±0.7 eVb, which is an uncertainty smaller by a factor of two than previously recommended. That recommendation was based on the full range for S(0) obtained among a discrete set of models judged to be reasonable. In contrast, Halo EFT subsumes all models into a controlled low-energy approximant, where they are characterized by nine parameters at next-to-leading order. These are fit to data, and marginalized over via Monte Carlo integration to produce the improved prediction for S(E)
Development of rheumatology training in Brazil: the option for a medical residency program

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and progression of the supply of new rheumatologists in Brazil, from 2000 to 2015.MethodsConsultations to databases and official documents of institutions related to training and certification of rheumatologists in Brazil took place. The data were compared, summarized and presented descriptively.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2015, Brazil qualified 1091 physicians as rheumatologists, of which 76.9% (n=839) completed a medical residency program in rheumatology (MRPR); the others (n=252) achieved this title without MRPR training. There was an expansion of MRPR positions. At the same time, there was a change in the profile of the newly qualified doctors. Early in the series, the fraction of new rheumatologists without MRPR, entering the market annually, was approaching 50%, dropping to about 15% in recent years. In 2015, Brazil offered 49 MRPR accredited programs, with 120 positions per year for access. There was an imbalance in the distribution of MRPR positions across the country, with a strong concentration in the southeast region, which in 2015 held 59.2% of the positions. Public institutions accounted for 94% (n=789) of graduates in MRPR during the study period, while still maintaining 93.3% (n=112) of seats for admission in 2015.ConclusionsIn the last sixteen years, in parallel with the expansion of places of access, MRPR has established itself as the preferred route for rheumatology training in Brazil, mainly supported by public funds. Regional inequalities in the provision of MRPR positions still persist, as challenges that must be faced
Pacific 187Os/188Os isotope chemistry and U–Pb geochronology: Synchroneity of global Os isotope change across OAE 2

AbstractStudies of OAE 2 sections beyond the Atlantic Ocean, Western Interior Seaway (WIS) and European pelagic shelf are limited. Here, we present initial osmium isotope stratigraphy (187Os/188Os–Osi) from two proto-Pacific sites that span the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval (CTBI): the Yezo Group (YG) section, Hokkaido, Japan, and the Great Valley Sequence (GVS), California, USA; to evaluate the 187Os/188Os seawater chemistry of the proto-Pacific. Additionally we combine new 206Pb/238U zircon CA-ID-TIMS geochronology from five volcanic tuff horizons of the Yezo Group section to test and facilitate inter-basinal integration with the WIS using radio-isotopically constrained age–depth models for both sections, and quantitatively constrain the absolute timing and duration of events across the CTBI.The YG shows an almost identical Osi profile to that of the WIS, and very similar to that of other sites of the proto-Atlantic and European pelagic oceans (Turgeon and Creaser, 2008; Du Vivier et al., 2014). The characteristics of the Osi profile are radiogenic and heterogeneous (∼0.55–0.85) prior to the OAE 2, and synchronous with the inferred OAE 2 onset the Osi abruptly become unradiogenic and remain relatively homogeneous (∼0.20–0.30) before showing a gradual return to more radiogenic Osi(∼0.70) throughout the middle to late OAE 2. A206Pb/238U zircon age of an interbedded tuff (HK017) in the adjacent horizon to the first unradiogenic Osi value constrains the age of the Osi inflection at 94.44±0.14 Ma. This age, including uncertainty, agrees with the interpolated age of the same point in the Osi profile (94.28±0.25 Ma) in the only other dated OAE 2 section, the WIS; indicating a coeval shift in seawater chemistry associated with volcanism at the OAE 2 onset at the levels of temporal resolution (ca. 0.1 Myr). Further, prior to the onset of OAE 2 an enhanced radiogenic inflection in the Osi profile of the YG is correlative, within uncertainty, with a similar trend in the WIS based on the U–Pb age–depth model. The interpolated ages, 94.78±0.12 Ma and 94.66±0.25 Ma for this Osi inflection in the YG and WIS, respectively, indicate that palaeocirculation was sufficient to simultaneously influence transbasinal seawater chemistry. In contrast, the pre-OAE 2 Osi profile for the GVS is disparate to that of the YG and those of the proto-Atlantic and European pelagic shelf locations. We interpret the pre OAE 2 heterogeneous Osi values (0.30–0.95) to record a palaeobasin that was regionally influenced interchangeably by both unradiogenic (hydrothermal flux) and radiogenic (continental flux) Os.We conclude that the Osi profiles from the proto-Pacific sections record both trends that are consistent globally (OAE 2 onset, syn and post OAE 2), but also show regional differences (pre OAE 2) between OAE 2 sections worldwide. As such the Osi profiles coupled with U–Pb geochronology facilitate the correlation of OAE 2 stratigraphy, and demonstrate both regional and global ocean dynamics
Measurement of the inelastic cross section in proton–lead collisions at sNN=5.02TeV

AbstractThe inelastic hadronic cross section in proton–lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L=12.6±0.4 nb−1, has been collected with an unbiased trigger for inclusive particle production. The cross section is obtained from the measured number of proton–lead collisions with hadronic activity produced in the pseudorapidity ranges 3<η<5 and/or −5<η<−3, corrected for photon-induced contributions, experimental acceptance, and other instrumental effects. The inelastic cross section is measured to be σinel(pPb)=2061±3(stat)±34(syst)±72(lumi) mb. Various Monte Carlo generators, commonly used in heavy ion and cosmic ray physics, are found to reproduce the data within uncertainties. The value of σinel(pPb) is compatible with that expected from the proton–proton cross section at 5.02 TeV scaled up within a simple Glauber approach to account for multiple scatterings in the lead nucleus, indicating that further net nuclear corrections are small
Co-morbidity burden in Parkinson’s disease: Comparison with controls and its influence on prognosis

AbstractBackgroundMany aspects of co-morbidity burden in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are unclear, but it may be an important predictor of prognosis or confounder of associations in epidemiological studies.ObjectivesTo determine how best to assess co-morbidity burden in PD, to compare with matched controls, and investigate its association with prognostic outcomes.MethodsData from an incident, community-based cohort with prospective follow-up (the PINE study) were used (198 patients with PD and 151 controls). The reliability of three co-morbidity scales (the Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI), the Cumulative Illness Rating scale and a simple disease count) were evaluated. The association with mortality and development of dependency was assessed with Cox regression. The co-morbidity burden in PD and controls was compared at baseline and over 5 years of follow-up using linear mixed modelling.ResultsThe CCI was more reliable and was an independent predictor of mortality with a time-dependent effect (hazard ratio = 1.27 [1.08–1.49] in first four years of follow-up; no significant association after four years). Associations between the other scales and mortality and between each scale and development of dependency were non-significant once adjusted for confounders. Co-morbidity burden was similar between cases and controls at baseline and there was no evidence of differential accrual of co-morbidity between patients and controls (p = 0.94).ConclusionsThe CCI is probably the better scale for measuring co-morbidity burden in PD. There were no differences between PD and controls. Co-morbidity burden at diagnosis was associated with mortality in the early part of the disease course, but not later
A Core Human Primary Tumor Angiogenesis Signature Identifies the Endothelial Orphan Receptor ELTD1 as a Key Regulator of Angiogenesis

SummaryLimited clinical benefits derived from anti-VEGF therapy have driven the identification of new targets involved in tumor angiogenesis. Here, we report an integrative meta-analysis to define the transcriptional program underlying angiogenesis in human cancer. This approach identified ELTD1, an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor whose expression is induced by VEGF/bFGF and repressed by DLL4 signaling. Extensive analysis of multiple cancer types demonstrates significant upregulation of ELTD1 in tumor-associated endothelial cells, with a higher expression correlating with favorable prognosis. Importantly, ELTD1 silencing impairs endothelial sprouting and vessel formation in vitro and in vivo, drastically reducing tumor growth and greatly improving survival. Collectively, these results provide insight into the regulation of tumor angiogenesis and highlight ELTD1 as key player in blood vessel formation
Post-trafficking bordering practices: Perverse co-production, marking and stretching borders

AbstractThis paper highlights the significance of post-trafficking scenarios for understanding bordering practices in political geography. In so doing, it addresses two significant research gaps: the lack of attention to trafficking in geography and the failure of wider interdisciplinary debates to engage with post-trafficking specifically. While extensive research in political geography has addressed the related experiences of refugees, asylum seekers and ‘illegals’, much of this work has centred on policies, processes and practices that aim to keep ‘unwanted strangers out’. By contrast, very little research has addressed how the border is configured for and by those who are crossing-back over; those who are ‘returning home’, in this case from diverse trafficking situations. The paper draws on recent empirical research on post-trafficking citizenship and livelihoods in Nepal which examined how women returning from trafficking situations deal with stigma and marginalisation. Our analysis illuminates how bordering practices circumscribe and shape women's lives in powerful ways as they seek to (re)establish a sense of belonging and respect. We examine the interplay of state and non-state actors (national and transnational) in structuring mobility and anti-trafficking advocacy through a range of bordering practices and explore how the border is (co-)produced by varied actors at different border sites. This includes women returning from diverse trafficking situations, who invoke the border to argue that they are ‘not as trafficked’ as other women, and others who perform the border differently as agents for trafficking prevention
Measurement of the differential cross-sections of inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/ψ production in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe inclusive J/ψ production cross-section and fraction of J/ψ mesons produced in B-hadron decays are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity of the J/ψ, using 2.3 pb−1 of integrated luminosity. The cross-section is measured from a minimum pT of 1 GeV to a maximum of 70 GeV and for rapidities within |y|<2.4 giving the widest reach of any measurement of J/ψ production to date. The differential production cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ are separately determined and are compared to Colour Singlet NNLO⋆, Colour Evaporation Model, and FONLL predictions
Measurement of Wγ and Zγ production cross sections in pp collisions at s=7 TeV and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter presents measurements of l±νγ and l+l−γ (l=e,μ) production in 1.02 fb−1 of pp collision data recorded at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in the first half of 2011. Events dominated by Wγ and Zγ production with leptonic decays of the W and Z bosons are selected, and their production cross sections and kinematic properties are measured in several ranges of the photon transverse energy. The results are compared to Standard Model predictions and are used to determine limits on anomalous WWγ and ZZγ/Zγγ couplings
Dual conformal symmetry on the light cone

AbstractWe study the properties of conformal operators in the SL(2) sector of planar N=4 SYM and its supersymmetric SL(2|2) extension. The correlation functions of these operators and their form factors with respect to asymptotic on-shell states are determined by two different polynomials which can be identified as eigenstates of the dilatation operator in the coordinate and momentum representations, respectively. We argue that, in virtue of integrability of the dilatation operator, the two polynomials satisfy a duality relation – they are proportional to each other upon an appropriate identification of momenta and coordinates. Combined with the conventional N=4 superconformal symmetry, this leads to the dual superconformal symmetry of the dilatation operator. We demonstrate that this symmetry is powerful enough to fix the eigenspectrum of the dilatation operator to the lowest order in the coupling. We use the relation between the one-loop dilatation operator and Heisenberg spin chain to show that, to lowest order in the coupling, the dual symmetry is generated by the Baxter Q-operator in the limit of large spectral parameter
A New Type of Radical-Pair-Based Model for Magnetoreception

AbstractCertain migratory birds can sense the Earth's magnetic field. The nature of this process is not yet properly understood. Here we offer a simple explanation according to which birds literally see the local magnetic field through the impact of a physical rather than a chemical signature of the radical pair: a transient, long-lived electric dipole moment. Based on this premise, our picture can explain recent surprising experimental data indicating long lifetimes for the radical pair. Moreover, there is a clear evolutionary path toward this field-sensing mechanism: it is an enhancement of a weak effect that may be present in many species
A measurement of the ratio of the W and Z cross sections with exactly one associated jet in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with ATLAS

AbstractThe ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio. Results are obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 33 pb−1. The results are compared with perturbative leading-order, leading-log, and next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and are found to agree within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The ratio is measured for events with a single jet with pT>30 GeV to be 8.73±0.30(stat)±0.40(syst) in the electron channel, and 8.49±0.23(stat)±0.33(syst) in the muon channel
Measurement of charged-particle spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle spectra obtained in Pb+Pb interactions at √sNN=2.76 TeV and pp interactions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented, using data with integrated luminosities of 0.15 nb−1 and 4.2 pb−1, respectively, in a wide transverse momentum (0.5 < pT< 150 GeV) and pseudorapidity (|η| < 2) range. For Pb+Pb collisions, the spectra are presented as a function of collision centrality, which is determined by the response of the forward calorimeters located on both sides of the interaction point. The nuclear modification factors RAA and RCP are presented in detail as a function of centrality, pT and η. They show a distinct pT-dependence with a pronounced minimum at about 7 GeV. Above 60 GeV, RAA is consistent with a plateau at a centrality-dependent value, within the uncertainties. The value is 0.55 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(syst.) in the most central collisions. The RAA distribution is consistent with flat |η| dependence over the whole transverse momentum range in all centrality classes
Measurements of the charm jet cross section and nuclear modification factor in pPb collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 5.02 TeV

The CMS Collaboration presents the first measurement of the differential cross section of jets from charm quarks produced in proton–lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon–nucleon center-of-mass energy of , as well as results from charm quark jets in proton–proton (pp) collisions at and 5.02. By comparing the yields of the pPb and pp collision systems at the same energy, a nuclear modification factor for charm jets from 55 to 400  in pPb collisions at of is obtained. This is consistent with an absence of final-state energy loss for charm quarks in pPb collisions. In addition, the fraction of jets coming from charm quarks is found to be consistent with that predicted by pythia 6 for pp collisions at and 5.02, and is independent of the jet transverse momentum from 55 to 400
Temperature dependence of volume and surface symmetry energy
  coefficients of nucle

The thermal evolution of the energies and free energies of a set of spherical
and near-spherical nuclei spanning the whole periodic table are calculated in
the subtracted finite-temperature Thomas- Fermi framework with the zero-range
Skyrme-type KDE0 and the finite-range modified Seyler-Blanchard interaction.
The calculated energies are subjected to a global fit in the spirit of the
liquid-drop model. The extracted parameters in this model reflect the
temperature dependence of the volume symmetry and surface symmetry coefficients
of finite nuclei, in addition to that of the volume and surface energy
coefficients. The temperature dependence of the surface symmetry energy is
found to be very substantial whereas that of the volume symmetry energy turns
out to be comparatively mild.Comment: 6 page including 5 figures, Phys. Lett. B (in press
Global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

Established in 2000, Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. At the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. The Global Burden of Disease 2015 Study (GBD 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehensively assess these trends for under-5 mortality, age-specific and cause-specific mortality among children under 5 years, and stillbirths by geography over time
Numerical solution of the space fractional Fokker-Planck equation

The traditional second-order Fokker-Planck equation may not adequately describe the movement of solute in an aquifer because of large deviation from the dynamics of Brownian motion. Densities of α-stable type have been used to describe the probability distribution of these motions. The resulting governing equation of these motions is similar to the traditional Fokker-Planck equation except that the order α of the highest derivative is fractional.In this paper, a space fractional Fokker-Planck equation (SFFPE) with instantaneous source is considered. A numerical scheme for solving SFFPE is presented. Using the Riemann-Liouville and Grünwald-Letnikov definitions of fractional derivatives, the SFFPE is transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE). Then the ODE system is solved by a method of lines. Numerical results for SFFPE with a constant diffusion coefficient are evaluated for comparison with the known analytical solution. The numerical approximation of SFFPE with a time-dependent diffusion coefficient is also used to simulate Lévy motion with α-stable densities. We will show that the numerical method of SFFPE is able to more accurately model these heavy-tailed motions
Automated analysis of AODV using UPPAAL

This paper describes an automated, formal and rigorous analysis of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, a popular protocol used in wireless mesh networks. We give a brief overview of a model of AODV implemented in the UPPAAL model checker. It is derived from a process-algebraic model which reflects precisely the intention of AODV and accurately captures the protocol specification. Furthermore, we describe experiments carried out to explore AODV's behaviour in all network topologies up to 5 nodes. We were able to automatically locate problematic and undesirable behaviours. This is in particular useful to discover protocol limitations and to develop improved variants. This use of model checking as a diagnostic tool complements other formal-methods-based protocol modelling and verification techniques, such as process algebra
Inverse Ramsey Problem of the Resource Misallocation Effect on Aggregate Productivity

This paper examines the extent to and the conditions under which resource misallocation negatively affects aggregate 
productivity in a model of heterogeneous firms to the highest degree. I analytically derive the minimum aggregate 
total factor productivity (TFP) under resource misallocation, when frictions are modeled as the taxes levied on a firm's output, and the range of these taxes is provided. I find that the lower limit of the minimum aggregate TFP is the TFP under perfect substitute goods and constant returns to scale technology. Further, with the exception of particular parameter values in which the misallocation effect on aggregate TFP is small, the minimum aggregate TFP is achieved when the proportion of firms in the lowest tax level is small or when the TFP level of these firms is low.
$L_p$-Approximable sequences of vectors and limit distribution of quadratic forms of random variables

The properties of $L_2$-approximable sequences established here form a complete toolkit for statistical results concerning weighted sums of random variables, where the weights are nonstochastic sequences approximated in some sense by square-integrable functions and the random variables are "two-wing" averages of martingale differences. The results constitute the first significant advancement in the theory of $L_2$-approximable sequences since 1976 when Moussatat introduced a narrower notion of $L_2$-generated sequences. The method relies on a study of certain linear operators in the spaces $L_p$ and $l_p$. A criterion of $L_p$-approximability is given. The results are new even when the weights generating function is identically 1. A central limit theorem for quadratic forms of random variables illustrates the method.