pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Quasinormal quantization in de Sitter spacetime

A scalar field in four-dimensional deSitter spacetime (dS 4 ) has quasinormal modes which are singular on the past horizon of the south pole and decay exponentially towards the future. These are found to lie in two complex highest-weight representations of the dS 4 isometry group SO(4, 1). The Klein-Gordon norm cannot be used for quantization of these modes because it diverges. However a modified ‘R-norm’, which involves reflection across the equator of a spatial S 3 slice, is nonsingular. The quasinormal modes are shown to provide a complete orthogonal basis with respect to the R-norm. Adopting the associated R-adjoint effectively transforms SO(4, 1) to the symmetry group SO(3, 2) of a 2+1-dimensional CFT. It is further shown that the conventional Euclidean vacuum may be defined as the state annihilated by half of the quasinormal modes, and the Euclidean Green function obtained from a simple mode sum. Quasinormal quantization contrasts with some conventional approaches in that it maintains manifest dS-invariance through-out. The results are expected to generalize to other dimensions and spins
MAGIC gamma-ray and multifrequency observations of flat spectrum radio
  quasar PKS 1510-089 in early 2012

Among more than fifty blazars detected in very high energy (VHE, E>100GeV)
gamma-rays, only three belong to the subclass of Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars
(FSRQs). MAGIC observed FSRQ PKS 1510-089 in February-April 2012 during a high
activity state in the high energy (HE, E>100 MeV) gamma-ray band observed by
AGILE and Fermi. MAGIC observations result in the detection of a source with
significance of 6.0 sigma. In agreement with the previous VHE observations of
the source, we find no statistically significant variability during the MAGIC
observations in daily, weekly or monthly time scales. The other two known VHE
FSRQs have shown daily scale to sub-hour variability.
  We study the multifrequency behaviour of the source at the epoch of MAGIC
observation, collecting quasi-simultaneous data at radio and optical (GASP-WEBT
and F-Gamma collaborations, REM, Steward, Perkins, Liverpool, OVRO and VLBA
telescopes), X-ray (Swift satellite) and HE gamma-ray frequencies. The
gamma-ray SED combining AGILE, Fermi and MAGIC data joins smoothly and shows no
hint of a break. The multifrequency light curves suggest a common origin for
the millimeter radio and HE gamma-ray emission and the HE gamma-ray flaring
starts when the new component is ejected from the 43GHz VLBA core. The
quasi-simultaneous multifrequency SED is modelled with a one-zone inverse
Compton model. We study two different origins of the seed photons for the
inverse Compton scattering, namely the infra-red torus and a slow sheath
surrounding the jet around the VLBA core. Both models fit the data well.
However, the fast HE gamma-ray variability requires that within the modelled
large emitting region, there must exist more compact regions. We suggest that
these observed signatures would be most naturally explained by a turbulent
plasma flowing at a relativistic speed down the jet and crossing a standing
conical shock
Heavy quark parameters and Vcb from spectral moments in semileptonic B decays

9 pages, 2 figures, 7 tables.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0210319.-- Printed version published Mar 13, 2003.We extract the heavy quark masses and non-perturbative parameters from the DELPHI preliminary measurements of the first three moments of the charged lepton energy and hadronic mass distributions in semileptonic B decays, using a multi-parameter fit. We adopt two formalisms, one of which does not rely on a 1/mc expansion and makes use of running quark masses. The data are consistent and the level of accuracy of the experimental inputs largely determines the present sensitivity. The results allow to improve on the uncertainty in the extraction of |Vcb|.The work of P.G. was supported by a EU Marie Curie Fellowship. The work of N.U. was supported in part by the NSF under grant number PHY-0087419.Peer reviewe
Ca²⁺ microdomains organized by junctophilins.

Excitable cells typically possess junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) constructed by the plasma membrane and the endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) for channel crosstalk. These JMCs are termed triads in skeletal muscle, dyads in cardiac muscle, peripheral couplings in smooth and developing striated muscles, and subsurface cisterns in neurons. Junctophilin subtypes contribute to the formation and maintenance of JMCs by serving as a physical bridge between the plasma membrane and ER/SR membrane in different cell types. In muscle cells, junctophilin deficiency prevents JMC formation and functional crosstalk between cell-surface Ca(2+) channels and ER/SR Ca(2+) release channels. Human genetic mutations in junctophilin subtypes are linked to congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of junctophilins induces pathological alterations in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Pedagogy, empowerment and discipline : comparative perspectives of novice teachers in England and Turkey reflecting on 'the other'

This article discusses the views of Turkish and British novice teachers on\ud
pedagogy and pedagogical relationships with school students when confronted\ud
with the pedagogical practices of the ‘Other’ in particular policy contexts.\ud
Experiences of those practices were gained by novice teachers during an exchange\ud
visit for British and Turkish university students in the period 2008–2009. Data was\ud
collected through questionnaires and focus group interviews. Findings suggest that\ud
Turkish and British novice teachers initially constructed the ‘Other’ as very\ud
different from themselves. The views of members of both groups were heavily\ud
influenced by the cultural contexts in which they trained and worked. British\ud
novice teachers tended to take as axiomatic constructivist and inclusive\ud
approaches to pedagogy and the relevance to successful pedagogy of listening to\ud
students’ voices. Turkish novice teachers questioned both, many seeing control\ud
and dissemination of knowledge as central to pedagogy and student teacher\ud
relationships
Firewood, food and niche construction : the potential role of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in actively structuring Scotland's woodlands.

Over the past few decades the potential role of Mesolithic hunter–gatherers in actively constructing their own niches, through the management of wild plants, has frequently been discussed. It is probable that Mesolithic hunter–gatherers systematically exploited specific woodland resources for food and fuel and influenced the ‘natural’ abundance or distribution of particular species within Mesolithic environments. Though there has been considerable discussion of the pollen evidence for potential small-scale human-woodland manipulation in Mesolithic Scotland, the archaeobotanical evidence for anthropogenic firewood and food selection has not been discussed in this context. This paper assesses the evidence for the active role of Mesolithic hunter–gatherer communities in systematically exploiting and managing woodlands for food and fuel in Scotland. While taphonomic factors may have impacted on the frequency of specific species in archaeobotanical assemblages, it is suggested that hunter–gatherers in Mesolithic Scotland were systematically using woodland plants, and in particular hazel and oak, for food and fuel. It is argued that the pollen evidence for woodland management is equivocal, but hints at the role of hunter–gatherers in shaping the structure of their environments, through the maintenance or creation of woodland clearings for settlement or as part of vegetation management strategies. It is proposed that Mesolithic hunter–gatherers may have actively contributed to niche construction and that the systematic use of hazel and oak as a fuel may reflect the deliberate pruning of hazel trees to increase nut-yields and the inadvertent – or perhaps deliberate – coppicing of hazel and oak during greenwood collection
Hawking radiation, the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and unitarization

Where does Hawking radiation originate? A common picture is that it arises
from excitations very near or at the horizon, and this viewpoint has supported
the "firewall" argument and arguments for a key role for the UV-dependent
entanglement entropy in describing the quantum mechanics of black holes.
However, closer investigation of both the total emission rate and the stress
tensor of Hawking radiation supports the statement that its source is a
near-horizon quantum region, or "atmosphere," whose radial extent is set by the
horizon radius scale. This is potentially important, since Hawking radiation
needs to be modified to restore unitarity, and a natural assumption is that the
scales relevant to such modifications are comparable to those governing the
Hawking radiation. Moreover, related discussion suggests a resolution to
questions regarding extra energy flux in "nonviolent" scenarios, that does not
spoil black hole thermodynamics as governed by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.Comment: 7 pages + references. v2: references added, v3: minor typos
  corrected. To appear in Physics Letter
Double Chooz and a History of Reactor Theta13 Experiments

This is a contribution paper from the Double Chooz experiment to the special
issue of NPB on neutrino oscillations. The physics and a history of the reactor
theta13 experiments, as well as Double Chooz experiment and its neutrino
oscillation analyses are reviewed.Comment: 28 pages, 11figures. The final version to be printed in Nuclear
  Physics B after the review. Most recent results and references were added,
  some typos were corrected. The title was changed to represent the contents
  better. Contents did not chang
Diphoton decay for a 750 GeV scalar boson in a $SU(6)\otimes U(1)_{X}$
  model

We propose a new $SU(6)\otimes U(1)_{X}$ GUT model free from anomalies, with
a 750 GeV scalar candidate which can decay into two photons, compatible with
the recent diphoton signal reported by ATLAS and CMS collaborations. This model
gives masses to all fermions and may explain the 750GeV signal through one loop
decays to $\gamma\gamma$ with charged vector and charged Higgs bosons, as well
as up- and electron-like exotic particles that arise naturally from the
condition of cancellation of anomalies of the $SU(6)\otimes U(1)_{X}$ group. We
obtain, for different width approximations, allowed mass regions from 900 GeV
to 3 TeV for the exotic up-like quark, in agreement with ATLAS and CMS
collaborations data.Comment: 4 figures, discussion extended, 1 new figur
Sampling of General Correlators in Worm Algorithm-based Simulations

Using the complex $\phi^4$-model as a prototype for a system which is
simulated by a worm algorithm, we show that not only the charged correlator
$<\phi^{*}(x)\phi(y)>$, but also more general correlators such as
$<|\phi(x)||\phi(y)|>$ or $<\text{arg}(\phi(x))\text{arg}(\phi(y))>$, as well
as condensates like $<|\phi|>$, can be measured at every step of the Monte
Carlo evolution of the worm instead of on closed-worm configurations only. The
method generalizes straightforwardly to other systems simulated by worms, such
as spin or sigma models.Comment: 43 pages, 15 figure
Detection of H3+ auroral emission in Jupiter's 5-micron window

We use high-resolution ground-based observations from the VLT CRIRES
instrument in December 2012 to identify sixteen previously undetected H3+
emission lines from Jupiter's ionosphere. These emission lines are located in
Jupiter's 5-micron window (4.5-5.2 {\mu}m), an optically-thin region of the
planet's spectrum where the radiation mostly originates from the deep
troposphere. The H3+ emission lines are so strong that they are visible even
against this bright background. We measure the Doppler broadening of the H3+
emission lines in order to evaluate the kinetic temperature of the molecules,
and we obtain a value of 1390$\pm$160 K. We also measure the relative
intensities of lines in the {\nu}2 fundamental in order to calculate the
rotational temperature, obtaining a value of 960$\pm$40 K. Finally, we use the
detection of an emission line from the 2{\nu}2(2)-{\nu}2 overtone to measure a
vibrational temperature of 925$\pm$25 K. We use these three independent
temperature estimates to discuss the thermodynamic equilibrium of Jupiter's
ionosphere.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&
New neutron-rich isotope production in $^{154}$Sm+$^{160}$Gd

Deep inelastic scattering in $^{154}$Sm+$^{160}$Gd at energies above the Bass
barrier is for the first time investigated with two different microscopic
dynamics approaches: improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model and time
dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory. No fusion is observed from both models.
The capture pocket disappears for this reaction due to strong Coulomb repulsion
and the contact time of the di-nuclear system formed in head-on collisions is
about 700 fm/c at an incident energy of 440 MeV. The isotope distribution of
fragments in the deep inelastic scattering process is predicted with the
simulations of the latest ImQMD-v2.2 model together with a statistical code
(GEMINI) for describing the secondary decay of fragments. More than 40
extremely neutron-rich unmeasured nuclei with $58 \le Z\le 76$ are observed and
the production cross sections are at the order of ${\rm \mu b}$ to mb. The
multi-nucleon transfer reaction of Sm+Gd could be an alternative way to
synthesize new neutron-rich lanthanides which are difficult to be produced with
traditional fusion reactions or fission of actinides.Comment: 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S. VI. Obscured AGN selected as infrared power-law galaxies

Context. Accretion onto supermassive black holes is believed to occur mostly in obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN). Such objects are proving rather elusive in surveys of distant galaxies, including those at X-ray energies. Aims. Our main goal is to determine whether the revised IRAC criteria of Donley et al. (2012, ApJ, 748, 142; objects with an infrared (IR) power-law spectral shape), are effective at selecting X-ray type-2 AGN (i.e., absorbed N_H > 10^22 cm^-2). Methods. We present the results from the X-ray spectral analysis of 147 AGN selected by cross-correlating the highest spectral quality ultra-deep XMM-Newton and the Spitzer/IRAC catalogues in the Chandra Deep Field South. Consequently it is biased towards sources with high S/N X-ray spectra. In order to measure the amount of intrinsic absorption in these sources, we adopt a simple X-ray spectral model that includes a power-law modified by intrinsic absorption at the redshift of each source and a possible soft X-ray component. Results. We find 21/147 sources to be heavily absorbed but the uncertainties in their obscuring column densities do not allow us to confirm their Compton-Thick nature without resorting to additional criteria. Although IR power-law galaxies are less numerous in our sample than IR non-power-law galaxies (60 versus 87 respectively), we find that the fraction of absorbed (N_H^intr > 10^22 cm^-2) AGN is significantly higher (at about 3 sigma level) for IR-power-law sources (similar to 2/3) than for those sources that do not meet this IR selection criteria (~1/2). This behaviour is particularly notable at low luminosities, but it appears to be present, although with a marginal significance, at all luminosities. Conclusions. We therefore conclude that the IR power-law method is efficient in finding X-ray-absorbed sources. We would then expect that the long-sought dominant population of absorbed AGN is abundant among IR power-law spectral shape sources not detected in X-rays
Distribution of subsequent primary invasive melanomas following a first primary invasive OR in situ Melanoma Queensland, Australia, 1982-2010

IMPORTANCE: Melanoma survivors are known to have a highly elevated risk of subsequent primary melanomas. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative risk of subsequent primary invasive melanomas following a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, with a focus on body site. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective cohort studywas conducted using population-based administrative data for melanoma diagnoses collected by the Queensland Cancer Registry, Queensland, Australia. Deidentified records of all cases of melanoma among Queensland residents during the period 1982-2005 were obtained and reviewed to December 31, 2010. There were 39 668 eligible cases of first primary invasive melanoma and 22 845 cases of first primary in situ melanoma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), a proxy measure for relative risk, were calculated by dividing the observed number of subsequent primary invasive melanomas by the product of the strata-specific incidence rates that occurred in the general population and the cumulative time at risk for the cohort. Synchronous subsequent melanomas (diagnosed within 60 days of the first primary melanoma) were excluded. Differences between SIRs were assessed using multivariate negative binomial regression adjusted for sex, age group, time to second diagnosis, and body site and expressed in terms of adjusted SIR ratios with corresponding 95%CIs. RESULTS: There were 5358 subsequent primary invasive melanomas diagnosed, resulting in SIRs of 5.42 (95%CI, 5.23-5.61) and 4.59 (4.37-4.82) for persons with a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, respectively. The SIRs remained elevated throughout the follow-up period. In general, subsequent primary invasive melanomas were more likely to occur at the same body site as the initial invasive or in situ melanoma. The largest relative risk was for females with a first primary invasive melanoma on the head followed by a subsequent primary invasive melanoma also on the head (SIR, 13.32; 95%CI, 10.28-16.98). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Melanoma survivors require ongoing surveillance, with particular attention required for the body site of the initial lesion. Clinical practice guidelines have recognized the importance of monitoring for people with invasive melanoma; the results of the present study highlight the need for similar levels of supervision for those with a diagnosis of in situ melanoma
The stress hormone corticosterone in a marine top predator reflects short-term changes in food availability

In many seabird studies, single annual proxies of prey abundance have been  used to explain variability in breeding performance, but much more important  is probably the timing of prey availability relative to the breeding season when  energy demand is at a maximum. Until now, intraseasonal variation in prey  availability has been difficult to quantify in seabirds. Using a state-of-the-art  ocean drift model of larval cod Gadus morhua, an important constituent of the  diet of common guillemots Uria aalge in the southwestern Barents Sea, we were  able to show clear, short-term correlations between food availability and measurements  of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in parental guillemots  over a 3-year period (2009–2011). The model allowed the extraction of abundance  and size of cod larvae with very high spatial (4 km) and temporal resolutions  (1 day) and showed that cod larvae from adjacent northern spawning  grounds in Norway were always available near the guillemot breeding colony  while those from more distant southerly spawning grounds were less frequent,  but larger. The latter arrived in waves whose magnitude and timing, and thus  overlap with the guillemot breeding season, varied between years. CORT levels  in adult guillemots were lower in birds caught after a week with high frequencies  of southern cod larvae. This pattern was restricted to the two years (2009  and 2010) in which southern larvae arrived before the end of the guillemot  breeding season. Any such pattern was masked in 2011 by already exceptionally  high numbers of cod larvae in the region throughout chick-rearing period. The  findings suggest that CORT levels in breeding birds increase when the arrival of  southern sizable larvae does not match the period of peak energy requirements  during breeding.  Common guillemot, CORT, food availability,  seabird, Uria aalg
Performance and trade-offs in microfinance organisations--does ownership matter?

Submitted version of an article published in the Journal of International Development. 

Definitive published version: 
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1432Policy advocates argue for the transformation of non-government Microfinance Organisations (MFOs) into shareholder owned firms (SHFs). This paper investigates whether the proposed superiority of shareholder owned MFOs is empirically supported. The findings indicate that the difference between shareholder owned MFOs and non-government MFOs is minimal. Our results contradict established paradigms and policy guidelines in the industry. However, the results are not necessarily surprising since ownership theories support our findings. So do also studies from the general banking markets as well as historical studies. Adaptation of legal frameworks allowing well-performing NGOs to mobilise savings appears to be a better option than transformation
Computing transition rates for the 1-D stochastic Ginzburg–Landau–Allen–Cahn equation for finite-amplitude noise with a rare event algorithm

International audienceIn this paper we compute and analyse the transition rates and duration of reactive trajectories of the stochastic 1-D Allen-Cahn equations for both the Freidlin-Wentzell regime (weak noise or temperature limit) and finite-amplitude white noise, as well as for small and large domain. We demonstrate that extremely rare reactive trajectories corresponding to direct transitions between two metastable states are efficiently computed using an algorithm called adaptive multilevel splitting. This algorithm is dedicated to the computation of rare events and is able to provide ensembles of reactive trajectories in a very efficient way. In the small noise limit, our numerical results are in agreement with large-deviation predictions such as instanton-like solutions, mean first passages and escape probabilities. We show that the duration of reactive trajectories follows a Gumbel distribution like for one degree of freedom systems. Moreover, the mean duration growths logarithmically with the inverse temperature. The prefactor given by the potential curvature grows exponentially with size. The main novelty of our work is that we also perform an analysis of reactive trajectories for large noises and large domains. In this case, we show that the position of the reactive front is essentially a random walk. This time, the mean duration grows linearly with the inverse temperature and quadratically with the size. Using a phenomenological description of the system, we are able to calculate the transition rate, although the dynamics is described by neither Freidlin–Wentzell or Eyring–Kramers type of results. Numerical results confirm our analysis
An A(r) threesome: Matrix models, 2d conformal field theories, and 4d N=2 gauge theories

We explore the connections between three classes of theories: A, quiver matrix models, d=2 conformal A(r) Toda field theories, and d=4 N=2 supersymmetric conformal A(r) quiver gauge theories. In particular, we analyze the quiver matrix models recently introduced by Dijkgraaf and Vafa (unpublished) and make detailed comparisons with the corresponding quantities in the Toda field theories and the N=2 quiver gauge theories. We also make a speculative proposal for how the matrix models should be modified in order for them to reproduce the instanton partition functions in quiver gauge theories in five dimensions. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3449328