pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for a heavy gauge boson  W' in the final state with an electron and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for a heavy gauge boson W′ has been conducted by the CMS experiment at the LHC in the decay channel with an electron and large transverse energy imbalance E[miss over T], using proton–proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[superscript -1]. No excess above standard model expectations is seen in the transverse mass distribution of the electron-E[miss over T] system. Assuming standard-model-like couplings and decay branching fractions, a W′ boson with a mass less than 1.36 [TeV over c [superscript 2]] is excluded at 95% confidence level.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
FAST VARIABILITY AND MILLIMETER/IR FLARES IN GRMHD MODELS OF Sgr A* FROM STRONG-FIELD GRAVITATIONAL LENSING

We explore the variability properties of long, high-cadence general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations across the electromagnetic spectrum using an efficient, GPU-based radiative transfer algorithm. We focus on both standard and normal evolution (SANE) and magnetically arrested disk (MAD) simulations with parameters that successfully reproduce the time-averaged spectral properties of Sgr A* and the size of its image at 1.3 mm. We find that the SANE models produce short-timescale variability with amplitudes and power spectra that closely resemble those inferred observationally. In contrast, MAD models generate only slow variability at lower flux levels. Neither set of models shows any X-ray flares, which most likely indicates that additional physics, such as particle acceleration mechanisms, need to be incorporated into the GRMHD simulations to account for them. The SANE models show strong, short-lived millimeter/infrared (IR) flares, with short (≲1 hr) time lags between the millimeter and IR wavelengths, that arise from the combination of short-lived magnetic flux tubes and strong-field gravitational lensing near the horizon. Such events provide a natural explanation for the observed IR flares with no X-ray counterparts
Search for extra dimensions using diphoton events in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

Using data recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, a search for evidence of extra spatial dimensions has been performed through an analysis of the diphoton final state. The analysis uses data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.12 fb^-1 of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions. The diphoton invariant mass spectrum is observed to be in good agreement with the expected Standard Model background. In the large extra dimension scenario of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, the results provide 95% CL lower limits on the fundamental Planck scale between 2.27 and 3.53 TeV, depending on the number of extra dimensions and the theoretical formalism used. The results also set 95% CL lower limits on the lightest Randall-Sundrum graviton mass of between 0.79 and 1.85 TeV, for values of the dimensionless coupling k/\bar{M}_{Pl} varying from 0.01 to 0.1. Combining with previously published ATLAS results from the dielectron and dimuon final states, the 95% CL lower limit on the Randall-Sundrum graviton mass for k/\bar{M}_{Pl} = 0.01 (0.1) is 0.80 (1.95) TeV
Searches for supersymmetry with the ATLAS detector using final states with two leptons and missing transverse momentum in root s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions

Results of three searches are presented for the production of supersymmetric particles decaying into final states with missing transverse momentum and exactly two isolated leptons, e or μ. The analysis uses a data sample collected during the first half of 2011 that corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of of proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Opposite-sign and same-sign dilepton events are separately studied, with no deviations from the Standard Model expectation observed. Additionally, in opposite-sign events, a search is made for an excess of same-flavour over different-flavour lepton pairs. Effective production cross sections in excess of 9.9 fb for opposite-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 250 GeV are excluded at 95% CL. For same-sign events containing supersymmetric particles with missing transverse momentum greater than 100 GeV, effective production cross sections in excess of 14.8 fb are excluded at 95% CL. The latter limit is interpreted in a simplified electroweak gaugino production model excluding chargino masses up to 200 GeV, under the assumption that slepton decay is dominant.G. Aad … P. Jackson … L. Lee … A. Petridis … N. Soni ... M. White ... et al. (The ATLAS Collaboration
Measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of electron and muon pair-production in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements from the ATLAS experiment of the forward-backward asymmetry in the reaction pp → Z/γ* → l+l−, with l being electrons or muons, and the extraction of the effective weak mixing angle. The results are based on the full set of data collected in 2011 in pp collisions at the LHC at √s=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb⁻¹. The measured asymmetry values are found to be in agreement with the corresponding Standard Model predictions. The combination of the muon and electron channels yields a value of the effective weak mixing angle of sin2θefflept = 0.2308 ± 0.0005(stat.) ± 0.0006(syst.) ± 0.0009(PDF), where the first uncertainty corresponds to data statistics, the second to systematic effects and the third to knowledge of the parton density functions. This result agrees with the current world average from the Particle Data Group fit.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Intestinal fatty-acid binding protein and gut permeability responses to exercise

Intestinal cell damage due to physiological stressors (e.g. heat, oxidative, hypoperfusion/ischaemic) may contribute to increased intestinal permeability. The aim of this study was to assess changes in plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) in response to exercise (with bovine colostrum supplementation, Col, positive control) and compare this to intestinal barrier integrity/permeability (5?h urinary lactulose/rhamnose ratio,?L/R). In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 18 males completed two experimental arms (14 days of 20?g/day supplementation with Col or placebo, Plac). For each arm participants performed two baseline (resting) intestinal permeability assessments (L/R) pre-supplementation and one post-exercise following supplementation. Blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise to determine I-FABP concentration. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed an arm???time interaction for?L/R?and I-FABP (P?<?0.001). Post hoc analyses showed urinary?L/R?increased post-exercise in Plac (273% of pre,?P?<?0.001) and Col (148% of pre,?P?<?0.001) with post-exercise values significantly lower with Col (P?<?0.001). Plasma I-FABP increased post-exercise in Plac (191% of pre-exercise,?P?=?0.002) but not in the Col arm (107%,?P?=?0.862) with post-exercise values significantly lower with Col (P?=?0.013). Correlations between the increase in I-FABP and?L/R?were evident for visit one (P?=?0.044) but not visit two (P?=?0.200) although overall plots/patterns do appear similar for each. These findings suggest that exercise-induced intestinal cellular damage/injury is partly implicated in changes in permeability but other factors must also contribute.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Phytochemical characterization of South Africa bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC.)

A methanolic extract of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides, Asteraceae) was evaluated sensorially.
A High Temperature Liquid Chromatography (HTLC)-coupled sensory-guided analysis was
performed on bush tea extract to identify potential taste modulating compounds. One fraction
showed bitter enhancing effects on caffeine. Fractionated using Fast Centrifugal Partition
Chromatography (FCPC) and preparative HPLC followed by structure elucidation using
NMR and LC-NMR led to the identification of three polymethoxylated flavones, quercetin-3'-
O-glucoside (1), as well as a methoxylated derivative (2). In addition, two dicaffeoyl quinic
acids and one coumaric acid ester (3) were isolated. Sensory evaluation of isolated
compounds led to the identification of quercetin-3'-O-glucoside as bitterness enhancing
principle.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/sajbhb201
Whole-genome sequencing for prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility and resistance : a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND : Diagnosing drug-resistance remains an obstacle to the elimination of tuberculosis. Phenotypic drugsusceptibility
testing is slow and expensive, and commercial genotypic assays screen only common resistancedetermining
mutations. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterise common and rare mutations predicting
drug resistance, or consistency with susceptibility, for all fi rst-line and second-line drugs for tuberculosis.
METHODS :  Between Sept 1, 2010, and Dec 1, 2013, we sequenced a training set of 2099 Mycobacterium tuberculosis
genomes. For 23 candidate genes identifi ed from the drug-resistance scientifi c literature, we algorithmically
characterised genetic mutations as not conferring resistance (benign), resistance determinants, or uncharacterised.
We then assessed the ability of these characterisations to predict phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing for an
independent validation set of 1552 genomes. We sought mutations under similar selection pressure to those
characterised as resistance determinants outside candidate genes to account for residual phenotypic resistance.
FINDINGS : We characterised 120 training-set mutations as resistance determining, and 772 as benign. With these
mutations, we could predict 89·2% of the validation-set phenotypes with a mean 92·3% sensitivity (95% CI
90·7–93·7) and 98·4% specifi city (98·1–98·7). 10·8% of validation-set phenotypes could not be predicted because
uncharacterised mutations were present. With an in-silico comparison, characterised resistance determinants had
higher sensitivity than the mutations from three line-probe assays (85·1% vs 81·6%). No additional resistance
determinants were identifi ed among mutations under selection pressure in non-candidate genes.
INTERPRETATION : A broad catalogue of genetic mutations enable data from whole-genome sequencing to be used
clinically to predict drug resistance, drug susceptibility, or to identify drug phenotypes that cannot yet be genetically
predicted. This approach could be integrated into routine diagnostic workfl ows, phasing out phenotypic drugsusceptibility
testing while reporting drug resistance early.Wellcome Trust, National Institute of Health Research, Medical Research Council, and the European Union.http://www.thelancet.com/infectionhb201
The electromagnetic form factors of the Λ in the timelike region

AbstractThe reaction e+e−→Λ¯Λ is investigated for energies close to the threshold. Specific emphasis is put on the role played by the interaction in the final Λ¯Λ system which is taken into account rigorously. For that interaction a variety of Λ¯Λ potential models is employed that have been constructed for the analysis of the reaction p¯p→Λ¯Λ in the past. The enhancement of the effective form factor for energies close to the Λ¯Λ threshold, seen in pertinent experiments, is reproduced. Predictions for the Λ electromagnetic form factors GM and GE in the timelike region and for spin-dependent observables such as spin-correlation parameters are presented
Uncertainty quantification for proton–proton fusion in chiral effective field theory

AbstractWe compute the S-factor of the proton–proton (pp) fusion reaction using chiral effective field theory (χEFT) up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and perform a rigorous uncertainty analysis of the results. We quantify the uncertainties due to (i) the computational method used to compute the pp cross section in momentum space, (ii) the statistical uncertainties in the low-energy coupling constants of χEFT, (iii) the systematic uncertainty due to the χEFT cutoff, and (iv) systematic variations in the database used to calibrate the nucleon–nucleon interaction. We also examine the robustness of the polynomial extrapolation procedure, which is commonly used to extract the threshold S-factor and its energy-derivatives. By performing a statistical analysis of the polynomial fit of the energy-dependent S-factor at several different energy intervals, we eliminate a systematic uncertainty that can arise from the choice of the fit interval in our calculations. In addition, we explore the statistical correlations between the S-factor and few-nucleon observables such as the binding energies and point-proton radii of 2,3H and 3He as well as the D-state probability and quadrupole moment of 2H, and the β-decay of 3H. We find that, with the state-of-the-art optimization of the nuclear Hamiltonian, the statistical uncertainty in the threshold S-factor cannot be reduced beyond 0.7%
Solution of string equations for asymmetric potentials

AbstractWe consider the large N expansion of the partition function for the Hermitian one-matrix model. It is well known that the coefficients of this expansion are generating functions F(g) for a certain kind of graph embedded in a Riemann surface. Other authors have made a simplifying assumption that the potential V is an even function. We present a method for computing F(g) in the case that V is not an even function. Our method is based on the string equations, and yields “valence independent” formulas which do not depend explicitly on the potential. We introduce a family of differential operators, the “string polynomials”, which make clear the valence independent nature of the string equations
Bj-PRO-5a, a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, promotes vasodilatation mediated by both bradykinin B2 and M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

AbstractBradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs) or proline-rich oligopeptides (PROs) isolated from the venom glands of Bothrops jararaca (Bj) were the first natural inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) described. Bj-PRO-5a (<EKWAP), a member of this structurally related peptide family, was essential for the development of captopril, the first site-directed ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of human hypertension. Nowadays, more Bj-PROs have been identified with higher ACE inhibition potency compared to Bj-PRO-5a. However, despite its modest inhibitory effect of ACE inhibition, Bj-PRO-5a reveals strong bradykinin-potentiating activity, suggesting the participation of other mechanisms for this peptide. In the present study, we have shown that Bj-PRO-5a induced nitric oxide (NO) production depended on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 subtype (mAchR-M1) and bradykinin B2 receptor activation, as measured by a chemiluminescence assay using a NO analyzer. Intravital microscopy based on transillumination of mice cremaster muscle also showed that both bradykinin B2 receptor and mAchR-M1 contributed to the vasodilatation induced by Bj-PRO-5a. Moreover, Bj-PRO-5a-mediated vasodilatation was completely blocked in the presence of a NO synthase inhibitor. The importance of this work lies in the definition of novel targets for Bj-PRO-5a in addition to ACE, the structural model for captopril development
Optimization Model to Analyse Optimal Development of Natural Gas Fields and Infrastructure

AbstractWe present an optimization model for analysis of system development for natural gas fields, processing and transport infrastructure. In this paper we present our experience from performing analyses for the natural gas industry with the optimization model. We also present a model extension in the form of continuous investment decisions. This extension allows the capacity in pipelines, processing facilities and compressors to be determined within a given range by the model. We also give a partial model description along with a case example that demonstrates the importance of using continuous investment decisions when considering design in natural gas systems
Curcumin targets fibroblast–tumor cell interactions in oral squamous cell carcinoma

AbstractCo-culture of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLs) and SCC-25 oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC) results in conversion of PDLs into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and induces epithelial-to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OSCC tumor cells. We hypothesized that Curcumin targets this dynamic mutual interaction between CAFs and tumor cells. Normal and 2μM Curcumin-treated co-culture were performed for 4 days, followed by analysis of tumor cell invasivity, mRNA/protein expression of EMT-markers and mediators, activity measure of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and western blot analysis of signal transduction in tumor cells and fibroblasts. In Curcumin-treated co-culture, in tumor cells, the levels of nuclear factor κB (NFκBα) and early response kinase (ERK)—decreased, in fibroblasts, integrin αv protein synthesis decreased compared to corresponding cells in normal co-culture. The signal modulatory changes induced by Curcumin caused decreased release of EMT-mediators in CAFs and reversal of EMT in tumor cells, which was associated with decreased invasion. These data confirm the palliative potential of Curcumin in clinical application
Rhombus filtrations and Rauzy algebras

AbstractPeach introduced rhombal algebras associated to quivers given by tilings of the plane by rhombi. We develop general techniques to analyze rhombal algebras, including a filtration by what we call rhombus modules. We introduce a way to relate the infinite-dimensional rhombal algebra corresponding to a complete tiling of the plane to finite-dimensional algebras corresponding to finite portions of the tiling. Throughout, we apply our general techniques to the special case of the Rauzy tiling, which is built in stages reflecting an underlying self-similarity. Exploiting this self-similar structure allows us to uncover interesting features of the associated finite-dimensional algebras, including some of the tree classes in the stable Auslander–Reiten quiver
Dimensions of Oppositionality in a Brazilian Community Sample: Testing the DSM-5 Proposal and Etiological Links

ObjectiveInvestigating dimensions of oppositional symptoms may help to explain heterogeneity of etiology and outcomes for mental disorders across development and provide further empirical justification for the DSM-5–proposed modifications of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). However, dimensions of oppositionality have not previously been tested in samples outside Europe or the United States. In this study, we used a large Brazilian community sample to compare the fit of different models for dimensions of oppositional symptoms; to examine the association of psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms with dimensions of oppositionality; and to examine the associations between dimensions of oppositionality and parental history of mental disorders.MethodA Brazilian community sample of 2,512 children 6 through 12 years old were investigated in this study. Confirmatory factorial analyses were performed to compare the fit of alternative models, followed by linear and logistic regression analyses of associations with psychiatric diagnosis and parental history of psychopathology.ResultsA three-factor model with irritable, headstrong, and hurtful dimensions fitted best. The irritable dimension showed a strong association with emotional disorders in the child (p<.001) and history of depression (p<.01) and suicidality (p<.05) in the mother. The headstrong dimension was uniquely associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the child (p<.001) and with maternal history of ADHD symptoms (p<.05). The hurtful dimension was specifically associated with conduct disorder (p< .05).ConclusionsOur findings from a large community sample of Brazilian children support a distinction between dimensions of oppositionality consistent with current DSM-5 recommendations and provide further evidence for etiological distinctions between these dimensions
Measurement of the production cross section ratio σ(χb2(1P))/σ(χb1(1P)) in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA measurement of the production cross section ratio σ(χb2(1P))/σ(χb1(1P)) is presented. The χb1(1P) and χb2(1P) bottomonium states, promptly produced in pp collisions at s=8 TeV, are detected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC through their radiative decays χb1,2(1P)→ϒ(1S)+γ. The emitted photons are measured through their conversion to e+e− pairs, whose reconstruction allows the two states to be resolved. The ϒ(1S) is measured through its decay to two muons. An event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb−1 is used to measure the cross section ratio in a phase-space region defined by the photon pseudorapidity, |ηγ|<1.0; the ϒ(1S) rapidity, |yϒ|<1.5; and the ϒ(1S) transverse momentum, 7<pTϒ<40 GeV. The cross section ratio shows no significant dependence on the ϒ(1S) transverse momentum, with a measured average value of 0.85±0.07(stat+syst)±0.08(BF), where the first uncertainty is the combination of the experimental statistical and systematic uncertainties and the second is from the uncertainty in the ratio of the χb branching fractions
The effect of auditory verbal imagery on signal detection in hallucination-prone individuals

AbstractCognitive models have suggested that auditory hallucinations occur when internal mental events, such as inner speech or auditory verbal imagery (AVI), are misattributed to an external source. This has been supported by numerous studies indicating that individuals who experience hallucinations tend to perform in a biased manner on tasks that require them to distinguish self-generated from non-self-generated perceptions. However, these tasks have typically been of limited relevance to inner speech models of hallucinations, because they have not manipulated the AVI that participants used during the task. Here, a new paradigm was employed to investigate the interaction between imagery and perception, in which a healthy, non-clinical sample of participants were instructed to use AVI whilst completing an auditory signal detection task. It was hypothesized that AVI-usage would cause participants to perform in a biased manner, therefore falsely detecting more voices in bursts of noise. In Experiment 1, when cued to generate AVI, highly hallucination-prone participants showed a lower response bias than when performing a standard signal detection task, being more willing to report the presence of a voice in the noise. Participants not prone to hallucinations performed no differently between the two conditions. In Experiment 2, participants were not specifically instructed to use AVI, but retrospectively reported how often they engaged in AVI during the task. Highly hallucination-prone participants who retrospectively reported using imagery showed a lower response bias than did participants with lower proneness who also reported using AVI. Results are discussed in relation to prominent inner speech models of hallucinations