pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Modeling the relaxation of polymer glasses under shear and elongational loads.

Glassy polymers show 'strain hardening': at constant extensional load, their flow first accelerates, then arrests. Recent experiments under such loading have found this to be accompanied by a striking dip in the segmental relaxation time. This can be explained by a minimal nonfactorable model combining flow-induced melting of a glass with the buildup of stress carried by strained polymers. Within this model, liquefaction of segmental motion permits strong flow that creates polymer-borne stress, slowing the deformation enough for the segmental (or solvent) modes then to re-vitrify. Here, we present new results for the corresponding behavior under step-stress shear loading, to which very similar physics applies. To explain the unloading behavior in the extensional case requires introduction of a “crinkle factor” describing a rapid loss of segmental ordering. We discuss in more detail here the physics of this, which we argue involves non-entropic contributions to the polymer stress, and which might lead to some important differences between shear and elongation. We also discuss some fundamental and possibly testable issues concerning the physical meaning of entropic elasticity in vitrified polymers. Finally, we present new results for the startup of steady shear flow, addressing the possible role of transient shear banding
Pension plan solvency and extreme market movements : a regime switching approach.

We develop and test a new approach to assess defined benefit (DB) pension plan solvency risk in the presence of extreme market movements. Our method captures both the ‘fat-tailed’ nature of asset returns and their correlation with discount rate changes. We show that the standard assumption of constant discount rates leads to dramatic underestimation of future projections of pension plan solvency risk. Failing to incorporate leptokurtosis into asset returns also leads to downward biased estimates of risk, but this is less pronounced than the time-varying discount rate effect. Further modifying the model to capture the correlation between asset returns and the discount rate provides additional improvements in the projection of future pension plan solvency. This reduces the perceived future risk of underfunding because of the negative correlation between interest rate changes and asset returns. These results have important implications for those with responsibility for balancing risk against expected return when seeking to improve the current poor funding positions of DB pension schemes
Broadband observations of the X-ray burster 4U 1705-44 with BeppoSAX

4U 1705-44 is one of the most-studied type I X-ray burster and Atoll sources.
This source represents a perfect candidate to test different models proposed to
self-consistently track the physical changes occurring between different
spectral states because it shows clear spectral state transitions. The
broadband coverage, the sensitivity and energy resolution of the BeppoSAX
satellite offers the opportunity to disentangle the components that form the
total X-ray spectrum and to study their changes according to the spectral
state. Using two BeppoSAX observations carried out in August and October 2000,
respectively, for a total effective exposure time of about 100 ks, we study the
spectral evolution of the source from a soft to hard state. Energy spectra are
selected according to the source position in the color-color diagram (CCD)
Results. We succeeded in modeling the spectra of the source using a physical
self-consistent scenario for both the island and banana branches (the double
Comptonization scenario). The components observed are the soft Comptonization
and hard Comptonization, the blackbody, and a reflection component with a broad
iron line. When the source moves from the banana state to the island state, the
parameters of the two Comptonization components change significantly and the
blackbody component becomes too weak to be detected. We interpret the soft
Comptonization component as emission from the hot plasma surrounding the
neutron star, hard Comptonization as emission from the disk region, and the
blackbody component as emission from the inner accretion disk. The broad
feature in the iron line region is compatible with reflection from the inner
accretion disk.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by A&
Coherent J/psi photoproduction in ultra-peripheral PbPb collisions at
  sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV with the CMS experiment

The cross section for coherent J/psi photoproduction accompanied by at least
one neutron on one side of the interaction point and no neutron activity on the
other side, X[n]0[n], is measured with the CMS experiment in ultra-peripheral
PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV. The analysis is based on a data
sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 159 inverse microbarns,
collected during the 2011 PbPb run. The J/psi mesons are reconstructed in the
dimuon decay channel, while neutrons are detected using zero degree
calorimeters. The measured cross section is dsigma[coh,X[n]0[n]] / dy(J/psi) =
0.36 +/- 0.04 (stat) +/- 0.04 (syst) mb in the rapidity interval 1.8 < abs(y) <
2.3. Using a model for the relative rate of coherent photoproduction processes,
this X[z,n,z] measurement gives a total coherent photoproduction cross section
of dsigma[coh] / dy(J/psi) = 1.82 +/- 0.22 (stat) +/- 0.20 (syst) +/- 0.19
(theo) mb. The data strongly disfavour the impulse approximation model
prediction, indicating that nuclear effects are needed to describe coherent
J/psi photoproduction in gamma + Pb interactions. The data are found to be
consistent with the leading twist approximation, which includes nuclear gluon
shadowing.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-12-009/index.htm
Measurement of the relative width difference of the $B^0$-$\bar B^0$
  system with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of the relative width difference $\Delta
\Gamma_d / \Gamma_d$ of the $B^0$-$\bar B^0$ system using the data collected by
the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in $p p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and
$\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25.2
fb$^{-1}$. The value of $\Delta \Gamma_d / \Gamma_d$ is obtained by comparing
the decay-time distributions of $B^0 \to J/\psi K_S$ and $B^0 \to J/\psi
K^{*0}(892)$ decays. The result is $\Delta \Gamma_d / \Gamma_d = (-0.1 \pm
1.1~\mbox{(stat.)} \pm 0.9~\mbox{(syst.)}) \times 10^{-2}$. Currently, this is
the most precise single measurement of $\Delta \Gamma_d / \Gamma_d$. It agrees
with the Standard Model prediction and the measurements by other experiments.Comment: 20 pages plus author list + cover page (38 pages total), 5 figures, 2
  tables, submitted to Journal of High Energy Physics, All figures including
  auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/BPHY-2015-01
Solar Coronal Jets: Observations, Theory, and Modeling

Coronal jets represent important manifestations of ubiquitous solar
transients, which may be the source of significant mass and energy input to the
upper solar atmosphere and the solar wind. While the energy involved in a
jet-like event is smaller than that of "nominal" solar flares and coronal mass
ejections (CMEs), jets share many common properties with these phenomena, in
particular, the explosive magnetically driven dynamics. Studies of jets could,
therefore, provide critical insight for understanding the larger, more complex
drivers of the solar activity. On the other side of the size-spectrum, the
study of jets could also supply important clues on the physics of transients
close or at the limit of the current spatial resolution such as spicules.
Furthermore, jet phenomena may hint to basic process for heating the corona and
accelerating the solar wind; consequently their study gives us the opportunity
to attack a broad range of solar-heliospheric problems.Comment: 53 pages, 24 figure
Vacuum energy of the Bukhvostov-Lipatov model

Bukhvostov and Lipatov have shown that weakly interacting instantons and
anti-instantons in the $O(3)$ non-linear sigma model in two dimensions are
described by an exactly soluble model containing two coupled Dirac fermions. We
propose an exact formula for the vacuum energy of the model for twisted
boundary conditions, expressing it through a special solution of the classical
sinh-Gordon equation. The formula perfectly matches predictions of the standard
renormalized perturbation theory at weak couplings as well as the conformal
perturbation theory at short distances. Our results also agree with the Bethe
ansatz solution of the model. A complete proof the proposed expression for the
vacuum energy based on a combination of the Bethe ansatz techniques and the
classical inverse scattering transform method is presented in the second part
of this work [40].Comment: 28 pages, 10 figure
Structural behavior and dynamics of an anomalous fluid between attractive and repulsive walls: Templating, molding, and superdiffusion

Confinement can modify the dynamics, the thermodynamics, and the structural properties of liquid water, the prototypical anomalous liquid. By considering a generic model for anomalous liquids, suitable for describing solutions of globular proteins, colloids, or liquid metals, we study by molecu- lar dynamics simulations the effect that an attractive wall with structure and a repulsive wall without structure have on the phases, the crystal nucleation, and the dynamics of the fluid. We find that at low temperatures the large density of the attractive wall induces a high-density, high-energy structure in the first layer ('templating' effect). In turn, the first layer induces a 'molding' effect on the second layer determining a structure with reduced energy and density, closer to the average density of the system. This low-density, low-energy structure propagates further through the layers by templating effect and can involve all the existing layers at the lowest temperatures investigated. Therefore, al- though the high-density, high-energy structure does not self-reproduce further than the first layer, the structured wall can have a long-range influence thanks to a sequence of templating, molding, and templating effects through the layers. We find that the walls also have an influence on the dynamics of the liquid, with a stronger effect near the attractive wall. In particular, we observe that the dy- namics is largely heterogeneous (i) among the layers, as a consequence of the sequence of structures caused by the walls presence, and (ii) within the same layer, due to superdiffusive liquid veins within a frozen matrix of particles near the walls at low temperature and high density. Hence, the partial freezing of the first layer does not correspond necessarily to an effective reduction of the channel's section in terms of transport properties, as suggested by other authors
Degenerate four-virtual-soliton resonance for the KP-II

We propose a method for solving the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev- Petviashvili equation with negative dispersion (KP-II) using the second and third members of the disipative version of the AKNS hierarchy. We show that dissipative solitons (dissipatons) of those members yield the planar solitons of the KP-II. From the Hirota bilinear form of the SL(2,ℝ) AKNS flows, we formulate a new bilinear representation for the KP-II, by which we construct one- and two-soliton solutions and study the resonance character of their mutual interactions. Using our bilinear form, for the first time, we create a four-virtual-soliton resonance solution of the KP-II, and we show that it can be obtained as a reduction of a four-soliton solution in the Hirota-Satsuma bilinear form for the KP-IIİzmir Institute of Technolog
Search for the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric standard model in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for neutral Higgs bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is reported. The analysis is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were recorded in 2011 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1) to 4.8 fb(-1). Higgs boson decays into oppositely-charged in muon or tau lepton pairs are considered for final states requiring either the presence or absence of b-jets. No statistically significant excess over the expected background is observed and exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived. The exclusion limits are for the production cross-section of a generic neutral Higgs boson, phi, as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for h/A/H production in the MSSM as a function of the parameters m(A) and tan beta in the m(h)(max) scenario for m(A) in the range of 90 GeV to 500 GeV
PageRank optimization by edge selection

The importance of a node in a directed graph can be measured by its PageRank. The PageRank of a node is used in a number of application contexts-including ranking websites-and can be interpreted as the average portion of time spent at the node by an infinite random walk. We consider the problem of maximizing the PageRank of a node by selecting some of the edges from a set of edges that are under our control. By applying results from Markov decision theory, we show that an optimal solution to this problem can be found in polynomial time. Our core solution results in a linear programming formulation, but we also provide an alternative greedy algorithm, a variant of policy iteration, which runs in polynomial time, as well. Finally, we show that, under the slight modification for which we are given mutually exclusive pairs of edges, the problem of PageRank optimization becomes NP-hard. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
HaoLap: a Hadoop based OLAP system for big data

International audienceIn recent years, facing information explosion, industry and academia have adopted distributed file system and MapReduce programming model to address new challenges the big data has brought. Based on these technologies, this paper presents HaoLap (Hadoop based oLap), an OLAP (OnLine Analytical Processing) system for big data. Drawing on the experience of Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP), HaoLap adopts the specified multidimensional model to map the dimensions and the measures; the dimension coding and traverse algorithm to achieve the roll up operation on dimension hierarchy; the partition and linearization algorithm to store dimensions and measures; the chunk selection algorithm to optimize OLAP performance; and MapReduce to execute OLAP. The paper illustrates the key techniques of HaoLap including system architecture, dimension definition, dimension coding and traversing, partition, data storage, OLAP and data loading algorithm. We evaluated HaoLap on a real application and compared it with Hive, HadoopDB, HBaseLattice, and Olap4Cloud. The experiment results show that HaoLap boost the efficiency of data loading, and has a great advantage in the OLAP performance of the data set size and query complexity, and meanwhile HaoLap also completely support dimension operations
Selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition reduces neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries after surgical endarterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Long-term results of surgical vessel reconstruction are compromised by restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Recent studies suggest that reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is associated with neointima formation. In a rat model of endarterectomy, we investigated the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate degradation on neointima formation by using the selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil. METHODS: Carotid endarterectomy was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats by means of incision of the right common carotid artery with removal of intima. Four groups were studied: unoperated control rats (n = 4), sham-operated rats (n = 9), control rats with endarterectomy (n = 9), or endarterectomized rats treated with vardenafil (10 mg/kg/day) postoperatively (n = 9). After 3 weeks, vessel compartment areas were measured by means of conventional microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to confirm neointima formation and the local cyclic guanosine monophosphate content. Plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate were determined by means of enzyme immunoassay. Student's t test was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intensive staining for transforming growth factor beta1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the control neointima. Vardenafil significantly reduced the stenosis grade (24.64% +/- 7.46% vs 54.12% +/- 10.30% in the control group, P < .05) and expression of transforming growth factor beta1, as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin, in the neointima. The immunohistochemical score for cyclic guanosine monophosphate was higher in the treated neointima (4.80 +/- 0.76 vs 2.84 +/- 0.40 in the control group, P < .05), and increased plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were found by means of enzyme immunoassay as well (84.65 +/- 12.77 pmol/mL vs 43.50 +/- 3.30 pmol/mL in the control group, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with vardenafil can be considered a new possibility to prevent neointimal hyperplasia after endarterectomy
Beauty production in pp collisions at √s=2.76 TeV measured via semi-electronic decays

The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC reports measurement of the inclusive production cross section of electrons from semi-leptonic decays of beauty hadrons with rapidity | y | &lt; 0.8 and transverse momentum 1 &lt; pT &lt; 0 GeV /c, in pp collisions at √ s = 2.76 TeV. Electrons not originating from semi-electronic decay of beauty hadrons are suppressed using the impact parameter of the corresponding tracks. The production cross section of beauty decay electrons is compared to the result obtained with an alternative method which uses the distribution of the azimuthal angle between heavy-flavour decay electrons and charged hadrons. Perturbative QCD predictions agree with the measured cross section within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The integrated visible cross section, σ b → e = 3.47 ± 0.40 (stat) + 1.12−1.33(sys) ± 0.07(norm)μb, was extrapolated to full phase space using Fixed Order plus Next-to-Leading Log (FONLL) calculations to obtain the total b ̄ bproduction cross section, σ b ̄ b = 130 ± 15.1( stat) + 42.1−49.8(sys) + 3.4−3.1(extr) ± 2.5(norm) ± 4.4(BR) μb
Relation between dry granular flow regimes and morphology of deposits: formation of levées in pyroclastic deposits

Experiments on dry granular matter flowing down an inclined plane are performed in order to study the dynamics of dense pyroclastic flows. The plane is rough, and always wider than the flow, focusing this study on the case of laterally unconfined (free boundary) flows.We found that several flow regimes exist depending on the input fluxand on the inclination of the plane. Each flow regime corresponds to a particular morphology of the associated deposit. In one of these regimes, the flow reaches a steady state, and the deposit exhibits a levée/channel morphology similar to those observed on small pyroclastic flow deposits. The levées result from the combination between lateral static zones on each border of the flow and the drainage of the central part of the flow after the supply stops. Particle segregation featuresare created during the flow, corresponding to those observed on the deposits of pyroclastic flows. Moreover, the measurements of the deposit morphology (thickness of the channel, height of the levées, width of the deposit) are quantitatively related to parameters of the dynamics of the flow (flux, velocity, height of the flow), leading to a way of studying the flow dynamics from only measurements of the deposit. Some attempts to make extensions to natural cases are discussed through experiments introducing the polydispersity of the particle sizes and the particle segregation process
Measuring galaxy [O ii] emission line doublet with          future ground-based wide-field spectroscopic surveys

International audienceThe next generation of wide-field spectroscopic redshift surveys will map the large-scale          galaxy distribution in the redshift range 0.7 ≤ z ≤ 2 to measure baryonic          acoustic oscillations (BAO). The primary optical signature used in this redshift range          comes from the [Oii] emission line doublet, which provides a unique redshift          identification that can minimize confusion with other single emission lines. To derive the          required spectrograph resolution for these redshift surveys, we simulate observations of          the [Oii] (λλ 3727, 3729) doublet for various instrument          resolutions, and line velocities. We foresee two strategies for the choice of the          resolution for future spectrographs for BAO surveys. For bright [Oii] emitter          surveys ([Oii] flux            ~30 × 10-17  erg   cm-2   s-1 like SDSS-IV/eBOSS), a          resolution of R ~ 3300 allows the separation of 90 percent of the          doublets. The impact of the sky lines on the completeness in redshift is less than 6          percent. For faint [Oii] emitter surveys ([Oii] flux            ~10 × 10-17  erg   cm-2   s-1 like DESi), the          detection improves continuously with resolution, so we recommend the highest possible          resolution, the limit being given by the number of pixels (4k by 4k) on the detector and          the number of spectroscopic channels (2 or 3)
On the bifractional Brownian motion

This paper is devoted to analyze several properties of the bifractional Brownian motion introduced by Houdré and Villa. This process is a self-similar Gaussian process depending on two parameters $H$ and $K$ and it constitutes natural generalization of the fractional Brownian motion (which is obtained for $K=1$). We adopt the strategy of the stochastic calculus via regularization. Particular interest has for us the case $HK=\frac{1}{2}$. In this case, the process is a finite quadratic variation process with bracket equal to a constant times $t$ and it has the same order of self-similarity as the standard Brownian motion. It is a short memory process even though it is neither a semimartingale nor a Dirichlet process
Search for new phenomena in final states with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS using  √s=13 TeV proton-proton collisions

Results are reported of a search for new phenomena, such as supersymmetric particle production, that could be observed in high-energy proton–proton collisions. Events with large numbers of jets, together with missing transverse momentum from unobserved particles, are selected. The data analysed were recorded by the ATLAS experiment during 2015 using the 13 TeV centre-of-mass proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. The search selected events with various jet multiplicities from ≥7 to ≥10 jets, and with various b-jet multiplicity requirements to enhance sensitivity. No excess above Standard Model expectations is observed. The results are interpreted within two supersymmetry models, where gluino masses up to 1400 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, significantly extending previous limits