pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for long-lived, heavy particles in final states with a muon and multi-track displaced vertex in proton-proton collisions at sqrts=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Many extensions of the Standard Model posit the existence of heavy particles with long lifetimes. In this Letter, results are presented of a search for events containing one or more such particles, which decay at a significant distance from their production point, using a final state containing charged hadrons and an associated muon. This analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb(-1) collected in 2011 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Results are interpreted in the context of R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios. No events in the signal region are observed and limits are set on the production cross section for pair production of supersymmetric particles, multiplied by the square of the branching fraction for a neutralino to decay to charged hadrons and a muon, based on the scenario where both of the produced supersymmetric particles give rise to neutralinos that decay in this way. However, since the search strategy is based on triggering on and reconstructing the decay products of individual long-lived particles, irrespective of the rest of the event, these limits can easily be reinterpreted in scenarios with different numbers of long-lived particles per event. The limits are presented as a function of neutralino lifetime, and for a range of squark and neutralino masses
Government ownership of banks, institutions and financial development

Using a suitably modified locational model of banking, we examine the influence of institutions, such as deposit contract enforcement, in explaining the share of previous termgovernmentnext term owned previous termbanksnext term in the banking system. We present cross-country evidence suggesting that institutional factors are relatively more important determinants of the share of state previous termbanksnext term than political or historical ones. We argue that rather than privatizing or subsidizing state previous termbanks governmentsnext term in developing countries should build institutions that foster the development of private banking
Beauty production in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV measured via semi-electronic decays

The ALICE Collaboration at the LHC reports measurement of the inclusive production cross section of electrons from semi-leptonic decays of beauty hadrons with rapidity |y| &lt; 0.8 and transverse momentum 1 &lt; pT &lt; 10 GeV/c, in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV. Electrons not originating from semi- electronic decay of beauty hadrons are suppressed using the impact parameter of the corresponding tracks. The production cross section of beauty decay electrons is compared to the result obtained with an alternative method which uses the distribution of the azimuthal angle between heavy-flavour decay electrons and charged hadrons. Perturbative QCD predictions agree with the measured cross section within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The integrated visible cross section, σb→e = 3.47 ± 0.40(stat) +1.12 −1.33(sys) ± 0.07(norm) μb, was extrapolated to full phase space using Fixed Order plus Next-to-Leading Log (FONLL) calculations to obtain the total bb production ¯ cross section, σbb¯ = 130 ± 15.1(stat) +42.1 −49.8(sys) +3.4 −3.1(extr) ± 2.5(norm) ± 4.4(BR) μ
Measurement of the production cross section ratio sigma(chi[b2](1P)) / sigma(chi[b1](1P)) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement of the production cross section ratio sigma(chi[b2](1P)) / sigma( chi[b1](1P)) is presented. The chi[b1](1P) and chi[b2](1P) bottomonium states, promptly produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, are detected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC through their radiative decays chi[b1,2](1P) to Upsilon(1S) + gamma. The emitted photons are measured through their conversion to electron-positron pairs, whose reconstruction allows the two states to be resolved. The Upsilon(1S) is measured through its decay to two muons. An event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 inverse femtobarns is used to measure the cross section ratio in a phase-space region defined by the photon pseudorapidity, abs(eta[gamma]) < 1.0; the Upsilon(1S) rapidity, abs(y[Upsilon]) < 1.5; and the Upsilon(1S) transverse momentum, 7 < pt[Upsilon] < 40 GeV. The cross section ratio shows no significant dependence on the Upsilon(1S) transverse momentum, with a measured average value of 0.85 +/- 0.07 (stat+syst) +/- 0.08 (BF), where the first uncertainty is the combination of the experimental statistical and systematic uncertainties and the second is from the uncertainty in the ratio of the chi[b] branching fractions
Extended theory of finite Fermi systems:  collective vibrations in closed shell nuclei

We review an extension of Migdal's Theory of Finite Fermi Systems which has been developed and applied to collective vibrations in closed shell nuclei in the past ten years. This microscopic approach is based on a consistent use of the Green function method. Here one considers in a consistent way more complex 1p1h$\otimes$phonon configurations beyond the RPA correlations. Moreover, these configurations are not only included in the excited states but also explicitly in the ground states of nuclei. The method has been applied to the calculation of the strength distribution and transition densities of giant electric and magnetic resonances in stable and unstable magic nuclei. Using these microscopic transition densities, cross sections for inelastic electron and alpha scattering have been calculated and compared with the available experimental data. The method also allows one to extract in a consistent way the magnitude of the strength of the various multipoles in the energy regions in which several multipoles overlap. We compare the microscopic transition densities, the strength distributions and the various multipole strengths with their values extracted phenomenologically
Integrable scalar cosmologies

The question whether the integrable one-field cosmologies classified in a previous paper by Fré, Sagnotti and Sorin can be embedded as consistent one-field truncations into Extended Gauged Supergravity or in <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> supergravity gauged by a superpotential without the use of D -terms is addressed in this paper. The answer is that such an embedding is very difficult and rare but not impossible. Indeed, we were able to find two examples of integrable models embedded in supergravity in this way. Both examples are fitted into <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> supergravity by means of a very specific and interesting choice of the superpotential <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> . The question whether there are examples of such an embedding in Extended Gauged Supergravity remains open. In the present paper, relying on the embedding tensor formalism we classified all gaugings of the <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> STU model, confirming, in the absence on hypermultiplets, the uniqueness of the stable de Sitter vacuum found several years ago by Fré, Trigiante and Van Proeyen and excluding the embedding of any integrable cosmological model. A detailed analysis of the space of exact solutions of the first supergravity-embedded integrable cosmological model revealed several new features worth an in-depth consideration. When the scalar potential has an extremum at a negative value, the Universe necessarily collapses into a Big Crunch notwithstanding its spatial flatness. The causal structure of these Universes is quite different from that of the closed, positive curved, Universe: indeed, in this case the particle and event horizons do not coincide and develop complicated patterns. The cosmological consequences of this unexpected mechanism deserve careful consideration
Sharpening m T 2 cusps: the mass determination of semi-invisibly decaying particles from a resonance

We revisit mass determination techniques for the minimum symmetric event topology, namely X pair production followed by X → ℓN , where X and N are unknown particles with the masses to be measured, and N is an invisible particle, concentrating on the case where X is pair produced from a resonance. We consider separate scenarios, with different initial constraints on the invisible particle momenta, and present a systematic method to identify the kinematically allowed mass regions in the ( m N , m X ) plane. These allowed regions exhibit a cusp structure at the true mass point, which is equivalent to the one observed in the m T 2 endpoints in certain cases. By considering the boundary of the allowed mass region we systematically define kinematical variables which can be used in measuring the unknown masses, and find a new expression for the m T 2 variable as well as its inverse. We explicitly apply our method to the case that X is pair produced from a resonance, and as a case study, we consider the process pp → A → χ ˜ 1 + χ ˜ 1 − $$ {\tilde{\chi}}_1^{+}{\tilde{\chi}}_1^{-} $$ , followed by χ ˜ 1 ± → ℓ ± ν ˜ ℓ $$ {\tilde{\chi}}_1^{\pm}\to {\ell}^{\pm}\;{\tilde{\nu}}_{\ell } $$ , in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and show that our method provides a precise measurement of the chargino and sneutrino masses, m X and m N , at 14 TeV LHC with 300 fb −1 luminosity
Entanglement entropy of disjoint regions in excited states: an operator method

We develop the computational method of entanglement entropy based on the idea that T r ρ Ω n $$ \mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}{\rho}_{{}^{\varOmega}}^n $$ is written as the expectation value of the local operator, where ρ Ω is a density matrix of the subsystem Ω. We apply it to consider the mutual Rényi information I ( n ) ( A ,  B ) =  S A ( n )  +  S B ( n )  −  S A  ∪  B ( n ) of disjoint compact spatial regions A and B in the locally excited states defined by acting the local operators at A and B on the vacuum of a ( d + 1)-dimensional field theory, in the limit when the separation r between A and B is much greater than their sizes R A,B . For the general QFT which has a mass gap, we compute I ( n ) ( A, B ) explicitly and find that this result is interpreted in terms of an entangled state in quantum mechanics. For a free massless scalar field, we show that for some classes of excited states, I ( n ) ( A ,  B ) −  I ( n ) ( A ,  B )| r  → ∞  =  C AB ( n ) / r α ( d  − 1) where α = 1 or 2 which is determined by the property of the local operators under the transformation ϕ → − ϕ and α = 2 for the vacuum state. We give a method to compute C AB (2) systematically
Equality of hemisphere soft functions for e+e− , DIS and pp collisions at O(αs2)

We present a simple observation about soft amplitudes and soft functions appearing in factorizable cross sections in ee , ep , and pp collisions that has not clearly been made in previous literature, namely, that the hemisphere soft functions that appear in event shape distributions in e+e−→dijets , deep inelastic scattering (DIS), and in Drell–Yan (DY) processes are equal in perturbation theory up to O(αs2) , even though individual amplitudes may have opposite sign imaginary parts due to changing complex pole prescriptions in eikonal propagators for incoming vs. outgoing lines. We also explore potential generalizations of this observation to soft functions for other observables or with more jets in the final state
Examining a right-handed quark mixing matrix with b -tags at the LHC

Encouraged by a hint in a search for right-handed W bosons at the LHC, we investigate whether the unitarity of a right-handed quark mixing matrix and the equality of the left- and right-handed quark mixing matrices could be tested at the LHC. We propose a particular test, involving counting the numbers of b -tags in the final state, and simulate the test at the event level with Monte-Carlo tools for the forthcoming s=13 TeV LHC run. We find that testing unitarity with 20/fb will be challenging; our test successfully rejects unitarity if the right-handed quark mixing matrix is non-unitary, but only in particular cases. On the other hand, our test may provide the first opportunity to test the unitarity of a right-handed quark mixing matrix and with 3000/fb severely constrains possible departures from unitarity in the latter. We refine our previous work, testing the equality of quark mixing matrices, with full collider simulation. With 20/fb , we are sensitive to mixing angles as small as 30°, and with 3000/fb , angles as small as 7.5°, confirming our preliminary analysis. We briefly investigate testing the unitarity of the SM CKM matrix with a similar method by studying semileptonic tt¯ production, concluding that systematics make it particularly difficult
Belief revision generalized: a joint characterization of Bayes's and Jeffrey's rules

We present a general framework for representing belief-revision rules and use it to characterize Bayes's rule as a classical example and Jeffrey's rule as a non-classical one. In Jeffrey's rule, the input to a belief revision is not simply the information that some event has occurred, as in Bayes's rule, but a new assignment of probabilities to some events. Despite their differences, Bayes's and Jeffrey's rules can be characterized in terms of the same axioms: responsiveness, which requires that revised beliefs incorporate what has been learnt, and conservativeness, which requires that beliefs on which the learnt input is ‘silent’ do not change. To illustrate the use of non-Bayesian belief revision in economic theory, we sketch a simple decision-theoretic application
PBDE levels in franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei):Temporal trend and geographical comparison

Total PBDE concentrations determined in archived blubber samples from franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) unintentionally captured in the Brazilian coastal region off Rio Grande do Sul State (FMA III) between 1994 and 2004 (n = 73) ranged from 7.9 to 65 ng g−1 lipid weight in mature males, with an increase over the ten-year period. Total PBDE concentrations in blubber samples collected from the FAM II (n = 41) between 2002 and 2005 were higher (67.8 to 763.7 ng g−1 lw) than those from FMA III. This is possibly due to the proximity to important industrial development sites in the state of São Paulo. Despite the differences in total concentrations, PBDE profiles were comparable and the PBDE concentrations decreased in the following order BDE 47 N BDE99 N BDE 100 for both FMA and for males and females as well as adults, juveniles and pup
An optical labeling-based proliferation assay system reveals the paracrine effect of interleukin-6 in breast cancer.

Proliferation analysis is one of the basic approaches to characterize various cell types. In conventional cell proliferation assays, the same sample cannot be observed over time, nor can a specific group within a heterogeneous population of cells, for example, cancerous cells, be analyzed separately. To overcome these limitations, we established an optical labeling-based proliferation assay system with the Kaede protein, whose fluorescence can be irreversibly photoconverted from green to red by irradiation. After a single non-toxic photoconversion event, the intensity of red fluorescence in each cell is reduced by cell division. From this, we developed a simple method to quantify cell proliferation by monitoring reduction of red fluorescence over time. This study shows that the optical labeling-based proliferation assay is a viable novel method to analyze cell proliferation, and could enhance our understanding of mechanisms regulating cell proliferation machinery. We used this newly established system to analyze the functions of secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cancer cell proliferation, which had not been fully characterized. Reduction in proliferation was observed following IL-6 knockdown. However, after co-culturing with IL-6-expressing cells, the proliferation of Kaede-labeled IL-6-knockdown cells was restored. These data indicate that in basal-like breast cancer cells, IL-6 exhibits a paracrine effect to positively regulate cell proliferation. Our results thus demonstrate that cancer cells can secrete signaling molecules, such as IL-6, to support the proliferation of other cancer cells
Active crustal extension and strain accumulation from GPS data in the Molise region (central-southern Apennines, Italy)

In this paper, we report new GPS measurements which indicate active NE-SW
extension and strain accumulation in the Molise region (Apennines, Italy). The GPS
observations were collected during campaigns on benchmarks of the dense IGM95
network (average distance 20 km), spanning a maximum observation interval of 13
years, and have been integrated with measurements from the available permanent GPS
sites. Considering the differential motion of the GPS sites, located on the Tyrrhenian
and Adriatic coasts, we can evaluate a 4-5 mm/yr extension accommodated across this
part of the Apennines. The velocity field exhibits clusters of sites with homogeneous
velocity vectors, outlining two main divergence areas, both characterized by the
largest velocity gradients: one near Venafro and the other near Isernia where two
primary active faults and several historical earthquakes have been documented. These
results suggest that an active extension in this part of the Apennines can be currently
distributed between the two faults systems associated with the largest earthquakes of
this region
The zinc binding receptor GPR39 interacts with 5-HT1A and GalR(1) to form dynamic heteroreceptor complexes with signaling diversity

GPR39 is a class A G protein-coupled receptor involved in zinc binding and glucose homeostasis regulation, among other physiological processes. GPR39 was originally thought to be the receptor for obestatin peptide but this view has been challenged. However, activation of this receptor by zinc has been clearly established. Recent studies suggest that low GPR39 expression, due to deficient zinc levels, is involved in major depressive disorder. We have previously reported that zinc can alter receptor-receptor interactions and favor specific receptor interactions. In order to unravel the effect of zinc on specific G protein-coupled receptor association processes, we have performed FRET and co-immunopurification studies with GPR39 and 5-HT1A and GalR(1) which have been shown to dimerize. Our results suggest that zinc can modulate the formation of specific 5-HT1A-GPR39 and GalR(1)-5-HT1A-GPR39 heteroreceptor complexes under our experimental conditions.; We have analyzed the differences in signaling between the mono-homomeric receptors 5-HT1A, GalR(1) and GPR39 and the heteroreceptor complexes between them Our results show that the GPR39-5-HT1A heterocomplex has additive functionalities when compared to the monomeric-homomeric receptors upon receptor activation. In addition, the heterocomplex including also GalR(1) shows a different behavior, upon exposure to the same agonists. Furthermore, these processes appear to be regulated by zinc. These findings provide a rationale for the antidepressive effect widely described for zinc because pro-depressive heterocomplexes are predominant at low zinc concentration levels. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Investigating the mechanisms of cultural acquisition : how pervasive is overimitation in adults?

High-fidelity copying is critical to the acquisition of culture. However, young children’s high-fidelity imitation can result in overimitation, the copying of instrumentally irrelevant actions. We present a series of studies investigating whether adults too overimitate. Experiment 1 found that adults do overimitate, even when evaluation pressures were reduced (Experiment 2) and when participants were faced with a time pressure involving a monetary reward (Experiment 3). Only when participants were presented with a demonstration by someone they believed to be a fellow participant (Experiment 4) did less than half of them overimitate. Thus, overimitation appears to be a robust, adaptive process allowing the acquisition of new information in unfamiliar settings
The immune adaptor SLP-76 binds to SUMO-RANGAP1 at nuclear pore complex filaments to regulate nuclear import of transcription factors in T cells.

While immune cell adaptors regulate proximal T cell signaling, direct regulation of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) has not been reported. NPC has cytoplasmic filaments composed of RanGAP1 and RanBP2 with the potential to interact with cytoplasmic mediators. Here, we show that the immune cell adaptor SLP-76 binds directly to SUMO-RanGAP1 of cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC, and that this interaction is needed for optimal NFATc1 and NF-κB p65 nuclear entry in T cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed anti-SLP-76 cytoplasmic labeling of the majority of NPCs in anti-CD3 activated T cells. Further, SUMO-RanGAP1 bound to the N-terminal lysine 56 of SLP-76 where the interaction was needed for optimal RanGAP1-NPC localization and GAP exchange activity. While the SLP-76-RanGAP1 (K56E) mutant had no effect on proximal signaling, it impaired NF-ATc1 and p65/RelA nuclear entry and in vivo responses to OVA peptide. Overall, we have identified SLP-76 as a direct regulator of nuclear pore function in T cells
Preconditioning and triggering of offshore slope failures and turbidity currents revealed by most detailed monitoring yet at a fjord-head delta

Rivers and turbidity currents are the two most important sediment transport processes by volume on Earth. Various hypotheses have been proposed for triggering of turbidity currents offshore from river mouths, including direct plunging of river discharge, delta mouth bar flushing or slope failure caused by low tides and gas expansion, earthquakes and rapid sedimentation. During 2011, 106 turbidity currents were monitored at Squamish Delta, British Columbia. This enables statistical analysis of timing, frequency and triggers. The largest peaks in river discharge did not create hyperpycnal flows. Instead, delayed delta-lip failures occurred 8–11 h after flood peaks, due to cumulative delta top sedimentation and tidally-induced pore pressure changes. Elevated river discharge is thus a significant control on the timing and rate of turbidity currents but not directly due to plunging river water. Elevated river discharge and focusing of river discharge at low tides cause increased sediment transport across the delta-lip, which is the most significant of all controls on flow timing in this setting