pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of charm and beauty production at central rapidity versus
  charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at
  $\mathbf{\sqrt{{\textit s}}}=7$ TeV

Prompt D meson and non-prompt J/$\psi$ yields are studied as a function of
the multiplicity of charged particles produced in inelastic proton-proton
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. The results are
reported as a ratio between yields in a given multiplicity interval normalised
to the multiplicity-integrated ones (relative yields). They are shown as a
function of the multiplicity of charged particles normalised to the average
value for inelastic collisions (relative charged-particle multiplicity). D$^0$,
D$^+$ and D$^{*+}$ mesons are measured in five $p_{\rm T}$ intervals from 1 to
20 GeV/$c$ and for $|y|<0.5$ via their hadronic decays. The D-meson relative
yield is found to increase with increasing charged-particle multiplicity. For
events with multiplicity six times higher than the average multiplicity of
inelastic collisions, a yield enhancement of a factor about 15 relative to the
multiplicity-integrated yield in inelastic collisions is observed. The yield
enhancement is independent of transverse momentum within the uncertainties of
the measurement. The D$^0$-meson relative yield is also measured as a function
of the relative multiplicity at forward pseudorapidity. The non-prompt
J/$\psi$, i.e. the B hadron, contribution to the inclusive J/$\psi$ production
is measured in the di-electron decay channel at central rapidity. It is
evaluated for $p_{\rm T}>1.3$ GeV/$c$ and $|y|<0.9$, and extrapolated to
$p_{\rm T}>0$. The fraction of non-prompt J/$\psi$ in the inclusive J/$\psi$
yields shows no dependence on the charged-particle multiplicity at central
rapidity. Charm and beauty hadron relative yields exhibit a similar increase
with increasing charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are compared to
PYTHIA 8, EPOS 3 and percolation calculations.Comment: 39 pages, 11 captioned figures, 2 (+6) tables, authors from page 34,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/159
The accumulation and trapping of grains at planet gaps: effects of grain
  growth and fragmentation

We model the dust evolution in protoplanetary disks with full 3D, Smoothed
Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), two-phase (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations.
The gas+dust dynamics, where aerodynamic drag leads to the vertical settling
and radial migration of grains, is consistently treated. In a previous work, we
characterized the spatial distribution of non-growing dust grains of different
sizes in a disk containing a gap-opening planet and investigated the gap's
detectability with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Here we take into account the effects of grain growth and fragmentation and
study their impact on the distribution of solids in the disk. We show that
rapid grain growth in the two accumulation zones around planet gaps is strongly
affected by fragmentation. We discuss the consequences for ALMA observations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Planetary and Space Science. 13 pages, 4
  figure
Anomalous recurrence properties of many-dimensional zero-drift random
  walks

Famously, a $d$-dimensional, spatially homogeneous random walk whose
increments are non-degenerate, have finite second moments, and have zero mean
is recurrent if $d \in \{1,2\}$ but transient if $d \geq 3$. Once spatial
homogeneity is relaxed, this is no longer true. We study a family of zero-drift
spatially non-homogeneous random walks (Markov processes) whose increment
covariance matrix is asymptotically constant along rays from the origin, and
which, in any ambient dimension $d \geq 2$, can be adjusted so that the walk is
either transient or recurrent. Natural examples are provided by random walks
whose increments are supported on ellipsoids that are symmetric about the ray
from the origin through the walk's current position; these \emph{elliptic
random walks} generalize the classical homogeneous Pearson--Rayleigh walk (the
spherical case). Our proof of the recurrence classification is based on
fundamental work of Lamperti.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure
Precise radial velocities of giant stars VIII. Testing for the presence
  of planets with CRIRES Infrared Radial Velocities

We have been monitoring 373 very bright (V < 6 mag) G and K giants with high
precision optical Doppler spectroscopy for more than a decade at Lick
Observatory. Our goal was to discover planetary companions around those stars
and to better understand planet formation and evolution around
intermediate-mass stars. However, in principle, long-term, g-mode nonradial
stellar pulsations or rotating stellar features, such as spots, could
effectively mimic a planetary signal in the radial velocity data. Our goal is
to compare optical and infrared radial velocities for those stars with periodic
radial velocity patterns and to test for consistency of their fitted radial
velocity semiamplitudes. Thereby, we distinguish processes intrinsic to the
star from orbiting companions as reason for the radial velocity periodicity
observed in the optical. Stellar spectra with high spectral resolution have
been taken in the H-band with the CRIRES near-infrared spectrograph at ESO's
VLT for 20 stars of our Lick survey. Radial velocities are derived using many
deep and stable telluric CO2 lines for precise wavelength calibration. We find
that the optical and near-infrared radial velocities of the giant stars in our
sample are consistent. We present detailed results for eight stars in our
sample previously reported to have planets or brown dwarf companions. All eight
stars passed the infrared test. We conclude that the planet hypothesis provides
the best explanation for the periodic radial velocity patterns observed for
these giant stars.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic
Probing MeV to 90 GeV axion-like particles with LEP and LHC

Axion-like particles (ALPs), relatively light (pseudo-)scalars coupled to two
gauge bosons, are a common feature of many extensions of the Standard Model. Up
to now there has been a gap in the sensitivity to such particles in the MeV to
10 GeV range. In this note we show that LEP data on $Z\to\gamma\gamma$ decays
provides significant constraints in this range (and indeed up to the $Z$-mass).
We also discuss the sensitivities of LHC and future colliders. Particularly the
LHC shows promising sensitivity in searching for a pseudo-scalar with $4
\lesssim m_a \lesssim 60$ GeV in the channel $pp \to 3 \gamma$ with
$m_{3\gamma}\approx m_{Z}$.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Social Impacts and life cycle assessment :
                    proposals for methodological development for SMEs in the European food and drink sector

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version. The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0691-0.Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for 99 % of companies operating in the European food and drink industry and, often, are part of highly fragmented and complex food chains. The article focuses on the development of a social impact assessment methodology for SMEs in selected food and drink products as part of the EU-FP7 SENSE research project. The proposed methodology employs a top-down and bottom-up approach and focuses on labour rights/working conditions along the product supply chain as the key social impact indicator, limiting key stakeholder classification to workers/employees and local communities impacted by the production process. Problems related to this emerging field are discussed, and questions for further research are expounde
A North Atlantic tephrostratigraphical framework for 130-60kab2k : new tephra discoveries, marine-based correlations, and future challenges

The new results presented here have been supported by NERC funding (NE/FE020600/1, NE/F02116X/1, NE/F021445/1, NE/G005230/1). The overall synthesis and review of published data represents the culmination of several years work and support from NERC: NE/D00416/1, NER/S/A/2995/13417, the European Research Council (TRACE project) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement no. [259253] and EU-COST ACTION INTIMATE (ESO907)Building chronological frameworks for proxy sequences spanning 130-60kab2k is plagued by difficulties and uncertainties. Recent developments in the North Atlantic region, however, affirm the potential offered by tephrochronology and specifically the search for cryptotephra. Here we review the potential offered by tephrostratigraphy for sequences spanning 130-60kab2k. We combine newly identified cryptotephra deposits from the NGRIP ice-core and a marine core from the Iceland Basin with previously published data from the ice and marine realms to construct the first tephrostratigraphical framework for this time-interval. Forty-three tephra or cryptotephra deposits are incorporated into this framework; twenty three tephra deposits are found in the Greenland ice-cores, including nine new NGRIP tephras, and twenty separate deposits are preserved in various North Atlantic marine sequences. Major, minor and trace element results are presented for the new NGRIP horizons together with age estimates based on their position within the ice-core record. Basaltic tephras of Icelandic origin dominate the framework with only eight tephras of rhyolitic composition found. New results from marine core MD99-2253 also illustrate some of the complexities and challenges of assessing the depositional integrity of marine cryptotephra deposits. Tephra-based correlations in the marine environment provide independent tie-points for this time-interval and highlight the potential of widening the application of tephrochronology. Further investigations, however, are required, that combine robust geochemical fingerprinting and a rigorous assessment of tephra depositional processes, in order to trace coeval events between the two depositional realms.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

Searches for heavy long-lived charged particles are performed using a data sample of 19.8 fb$^{-1}$ from proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess is observed above the estimated background and limits are placed on the mass of long-lived particles in various supersymmetric models. Long-lived tau sleptons in models with gauge-mediated symmetry breaking are excluded up to masses between 440 and 385 GeV for tan(beta) between 10 and 50, with a 290 GeV limit in the case where only direct tau slepton production is considered. In the context of simplified LeptoSUSY models, where sleptons are stable and have a mass of 300 GeV, squark and gluino masses are excluded up to a mass of 1500 and 1360 GeV, respectively. Directly produced charginos, in simplified models where they are nearly degenerate to the lightest neutralino, are excluded up to a mass of 620 GeV. R-hadrons, composites containing a gluino, bottom squark or top squark, are excluded up to a mass of 1270, 845 and 900 GeV, respectively, using the full detector; and up to a mass of 1260, 835 and 870 GeV using an approach disregarding information from the muon spectrometer
Inflammation and body composition in over- and undernutrition: Overweight and cancer cachexia

This thesis focuses on the association between inflammation and body composition and consists of one cross sectional study in healthy overweight and in lean subjects (paper I), and one prospective study in patients with pancreatic cancer (papers II and III). In paper I, the relationship between inflammatory markers and body composition measured with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was examined in healthy individuals. Increasing hip circumference (HC) was associated with increasing levels of leptin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both groups. CRP increased with increasing body mass index (BMI), also in the lean group. HC may be a proxy for fat percent measured with BIA in lean and overweight individuals, and may be useful for identification of people at risk of developing overweight-related disorders. In paper II the level of inflammatory markers, body composition, energy intake and development of cachexia was examined. Pancreatic cancer patients had higher levels of inflammatory markers compared with a healthy reference population at inclusion, and the levels increased as death approached. Weight, fat- and muscle mass were reduced during follow-up. At inclusion, there were no differences in the levels of inflammatory markers between patients who were classified as cachectic and those who were not. These results indicate that the increased levels of inflammation may be caused by the tumor and the tumor-host reactions. The third paper compared two classifications of cancer cachexia; the 3-factor classification that includes CRP as a criterion, and the consensus classification that includes sarcopenia as a criterion. Patients were categorized as cachectic and non-cachectic according to both classifications. Consistency across definitions was examined, as well as their ability to predict survival. The two classifications of cancer cachexia showed good overall agreement in defining cachectic patients, and cachexia was associated with poorer survival according to both. Inflammation in the body may be caused by fat mass and tumors. Overweight increases the risk for chronic diseases and pancreatic cancer. In cancer patients, the tumor may cause systemic inflammation, and cytokines may trigger weight loss and might be a driving force behind cachexia. Among pancreatic cancer patients, those with neither weight loss, reduced energy intake, systemic inflammation nor sarcopenia have the longest survival. We suggest that clinical interventions should be directed towards optimizing these risk factors in these patients
The Mice at play in the CALIFA survey. A case study of a gas-rich major merger between first passage and coalescence

We present optical integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of the Mice, a major merger between two massive (≳10^11 M_⊙) gas-rich spirals NGC 4676A and B, observed between first passage and final coalescence. The spectra provide stellar and gas kinematics, ionised gas properties, and stellar population diagnostics, over the full optical extent of both galaxies with ~1.6 kpc spatial resolution. The Mice galaxies provide a perfect case study that highlights the importance of IFS data for improving our understanding of local galaxies. The impact of first passage on the kinematics of the stars and gas has been significant, with strong bars most likely induced in both galaxies. The barred spiral NGC 4676B exhibits a strong twist in both its stellar and ionised gas disk. The edge-on disk galaxy NGC 4676A appears to be bulge free, with a strong bar causing its “boxy” light profile. On the other hand, the impact of the merger on the stellar populations has been minimal thus far. By combining the IFS data with archival multiwavelength observations we show that star formation induced by the recent close passage has not contributed significantly to the total star formation rate or stellar mass of the galaxies. Both galaxies show bicones of high ionisation gas extending along their minor axes. In NGC 4676A the high gas velocity dispersion and Seyfert-like line ratios at large scaleheight indicate a powerful outflow. Fast shocks (vs ~ 350 km s^-1) extend to ~6.6 kpc above the disk plane. The measured ram pressure (P/k = 4.8 × 10^6 K cm^-3) and mass outflow rate (~8−20 M_⊙ yr^-1) are similar to superwinds from local ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, although NGC 4676A only has a moderate infrared luminosity of 3 × 10^10 L_⊙. Energy beyond what is provided by the mechanical energy of the starburst appears to be required to drive the outflow. Finally, we compare the observations to mock kinematic and stellar population maps extracted from a hydrodynamical merger simulation. The models show little enhancement in star formation during and following first passage, in agreement with the observations. We highlight areas where IFS data could help further constrain the models
Observation of the ${B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0}$ decay from an amplitude analysis of ${B^0 \to (\pi^+\pi^-)(\pi^+\pi^-)}$ decays

Proton-proton collision data recorded in 2011 and 2012 by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0\invfb, are analysed to search for the charmless ${B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0}$ decay. More than 600 ${B^0 \to (\pi^+\pi^-)(\pi^+\pi^-)}$ signal decays are selected and used to perform an amplitude analysis from which the ${B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0}$ decay is observed for the first time with 7.1 standard deviations significance. The fraction of ${B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0}$ decays yielding a longitudinally polarised final state is measured to be $f_L = 0.745^{+0.048}_{-0.058} ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.034 ({\rm syst})$. The ${B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0}$ branching fraction, using the ${B^0 \to \phi K^*(892)^{0}}$ decay as reference, is also reported as ${B(B^0 \to \rho^0 \rho^0) = (0.94 \pm 0.17 ({\rm stat}) \pm 0.09 ({\rm syst}) \pm 0.06 ({\rm BF})) \times 10^{-6}}$
Instability of Schwarzschild–AdS black hole in Einstein–Weyl gravity

We investigate the classical stability of Schwarzschild–AdS black hole in a massive gravity theory of the Einstein–Weyl gravity. It turns out that the linearized Einstein tensor perturbations exhibit unstable modes featuring the Gregory–Laflamme instability of five-dimensional AdS black string, in contrast to the stable Schwarzschild–AdS black hole in Einstein gravity. We point out that the instability of the black hole in the Einstein–Weyl gravity arises from the massiveness but not a feature of fourth-order derivative theory giving ghost states
Elements of proof for conjectures of Witte and Forrester about the combinatorial structure of Gaussian β Ensembles

The purpose of the article is to provide partial proofs for two conjectures given by Witte and Forrester in “Moments of the Gaussian β Ensembles and the large N expansion of the densities” ([1]) with the use of the topological recursion adapted for general β Gaussian case. In particular, the paper uses a version at coinciding points that provides a simple proof for some of the coefficients involved in the conjecture. Additionally, we propose a generalized version of the conjectures for all correlation functions evaluated at coinciding points
Magnetic response of holographic Lifshitz superconductors: Vortex and Droplet solutions

In this paper a holographic model of s -wave superconductor with anisotropic Lifshitz scaling has been considered. In the presence of an external magnetic field our holographic model exhibits both vortex and droplet solutions. Based on analytic methods we have shown that the anisotropy has no effect on the vortex and droplet solutions whereas it may affect the condensation. Our vortex solution closely resembles the Ginzburg–Landau theory and a relation between the upper critical magnetic field and superconducting coherence length has been speculated from this comparison. Using Sturm–Liouville method, the effect of anisotropy on the critical parameters in insulator/superconductor phase transitions has been analyzed
On the solutions to the multi-parametric Yang–Baxter equations

A unified approach is applied in the consideration of the multi-parametric (colored) Yang–Baxter equations (YBE) and the usual YBE with two-parametric R -matrices, relying on the existence of the arbitrary functions in the general solutions. The colored YBE are considered with the R -matrices defined on two and three-dimensional states. We present an exhaustive study and the overall solutions for the YBE with <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>4</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn></math> colored R -matrices. The established classification includes new multi-parametric free fermionic solutions. In the context of the given approach there are obtained the colored solutions to the YBE with <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>9</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>9</mn></math> R -matrices having 15 non-zero elements
Local Z2 scalar dark matter model confronting galactic GeV-scale γ -ray

We present a scalar dark matter (DM) model where DM ( XI ) is stabilized by a local Z2 symmetry originating from a spontaneously broken local dark U(1)X . Compared with the usual scalar DM with a global Z2 symmetry, the local Z2 model possesses three new extra fields, dark photon Z′ , dark Higgs ϕ and the excited partner of scalar DM ( XR ), with the kinetic mixing and Higgs portal interactions dictated by local dark gauge invariance. The resulting model can accommodate thermal relic density of scalar DM without conflict with the invisible Higgs branching ratio and the bounds from DM direct detections, thanks to the newly opened channels, XIXI→Z′Z′,ϕϕ . In particular, due to the new particles, the GeV scale γ -ray excess from the Galactic Center (GC) can be originated from the decay of dark Higgs boson which is produced in DM annihilations
MAGIC observation of the GRB080430 afterglow

Context: Gamma-ray bursts are cosmological sources emitting radiation from
the gamma-rays to the radio band. Substantial observational efforts have been
devoted to the study of gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase, i.e. the
initial burst of high-energy radiation, and during the long-lasting afterglows.
In spite of many successes in interpreting these phenomena, there are still
several open key questions about the fundamental emission processes, their
energetics and the environment. Aim: Independently of specific gamma-ray burst
theoretical recipes, spectra in the GeV/TeV range are predicted to be
remarkably simple, being satisfactorily modeled with power-laws, and therefore
offer a very valuable tool to probe the extragalactic background light
distribution. Furthermore, the simple detection of a component at very-high
energies, i.e. at $\sim 100$\,GeV, would solve the ambiguity about the
importance of various possible emission processes, which provide barely
distinguishable scenarios at lower energies. Methods: We used the results of
the MAGIC telescope observation of the moderate resdhift ($z\sim0.76$)
\object{GRB\,080430} at energies above about 80\,GeV, to evaluate the
perspective for late-afterglow observations with ground based GeV/TeV
telescopes. Results: We obtained an upper limit of $F_{\rm 95%\,CL} = 5.5
\times 10^{-11}$\,erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for the very-high energy emission of
\object{GRB\,080430}, which cannot set further constraints on the theoretical
scenarios proposed for this object also due to the difficulties in modeling the
low-energy afterglow. Nonetheless, our observations show that Cherenkov
telescopes have already reached the required sensitivity to detect the GeV/TeV
emission of GRBs at moderate redshift ($z \lesssim 0.8$), provided the
observations are carried out at early times, close to the onset of their
afterglow phase