pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Fitness landscape of the cellular automata majority problem: View from the “Olympus”

AbstractIn this paper we study cellular automata (CAs) that perform the computational Majority task. This task is a good example of what the phenomenon of emergence in complex systems is. We take an interest in the reasons that make this particular fitness landscape a difficult one. The first goal is to study the landscape as such, and thus it is ideally independent from the actual heuristics used to search the space. However, a second goal is to understand the features a good search technique for this particular problem space should possess. We statistically quantify in various ways the degree of difficulty of searching this landscape. Due to neutrality, investigations based on sampling techniques on the whole landscape are difficult to conduct. So, we go exploring the landscape from the top. Although it has been proved that no CA can perform the task perfectly, several efficient CAs for this task have been found. Exploiting similarities between these CAs and symmetries in the landscape, we define the Olympus landscape which is regarded as the “heavenly home” of the best local optima known (blok). Then we measure several properties of this subspace. Although it is easier to find relevant CAs in this subspace than in the overall landscape, there are structural reasons that prevent a searcher from finding overfitted CAs in the Olympus. Finally, we study dynamics and performance of genetic algorithms on the Olympus in order to confirm our analysis and to find efficient CAs for the Majority problem with low computational cost
Microbiota Controls the Homeostasis of Glial Cells in the Gut Lamina Propria

SummaryThe intrinsic neural networks of the gastrointestinal tract are derived from dedicated neural crest progenitors that colonize the gut during embryogenesis and give rise to enteric neurons and glia. Here, we study how an essential subpopulation of enteric glial cells (EGCs) residing within the intestinal mucosa is integrated into the dynamic microenvironment of the alimentary tract. We find that under normal conditions colonization of the lamina propria by glial cells commences during early postnatal stages but reaches steady-state levels after weaning. By employing genetic lineage tracing, we provide evidence that in adult mice the network of mucosal EGCs is continuously renewed by incoming glial cells originating in the plexi of the gut wall. Finally, we demonstrate that both the initial colonization and homeostasis of glial cells in the intestinal mucosa are regulated by the indigenous gut microbiota
Search for Higgs boson decays to a photon and a Z boson in pp collisions at s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search is reported for a neutral Higgs boson in the decay channel H→Zγ, Z→ℓ+ℓ− (ℓ=e,μ), using 4.5 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=7 TeV and 20.3 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=8 TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The observed distribution of the invariant mass of the three final-state particles, mℓℓγ, is consistent with the Standard Model hypothesis in the investigated mass range of 120–150 GeV. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.5 GeV, the observed upper limit at the 95% confidence level is 11 times the Standard Model expectation. Upper limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio of a neutral Higgs boson with mass in the range 120–150 GeV between 0.13 and 0.5 pb for s=8 TeV at 95% confidence level
Enteric Neurons and Systemic Signals Couple Nutritional and Reproductive Status with Intestinal Homeostasis

SummaryThe gastrointestinal tract is emerging as a key regulator of appetite and metabolism, but daunting neuroanatomical complexity has hampered identification of the relevant signals. Invertebrate models could provide a simple and genetically amenable alternative, but their autonomic nervous system and its visceral functions remain largely unexplored. Here we develop a quantitative method based on defecation behavior to uncover a central role for the Drosophila intestine in the regulation of nutrient intake, fluid, and ion balance. We then identify a key homeostatic role for autonomic neurons and hormones, including a brain-gut circuit of insulin-producing neurons modulating appetite, a vasopressin-like system essential for fluid homeostasis, and enteric neurons mediating sex peptide-induced changes in intestinal physiology. These conserved mechanisms of visceral control, analogous to those found in the enteric nervous system and hypothalamic/pituitary axis, enable the study of autonomic control in a model organism that has proved instrumental in understanding sensory and motor systems
Neuroimaging of structural pathology and connectomics in traumatic brain injury: Toward personalized outcome prediction

AbstractRecent contributions to the body of knowledge on traumatic brain injury (TBI) favor the view that multimodal neuroimaging using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and fMRI, respectively) as well as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has excellent potential to identify novel biomarkers and predictors of TBI outcome. This is particularly the case when such methods are appropriately combined with volumetric/morphometric analysis of brain structures and with the exploration of TBI-related changes in brain network properties at the level of the connectome. In this context, our present review summarizes recent developments on the roles of these two techniques in the search for novel structural neuroimaging biomarkers that have TBI outcome prognostication value. The themes being explored cover notable trends in this area of research, including (1) the role of advanced MRI processing methods in the analysis of structural pathology, (2) the use of brain connectomics and network analysis to identify outcome biomarkers, and (3) the application of multivariate statistics to predict outcome using neuroimaging metrics. The goal of the review is to draw the community's attention to these recent advances on TBI outcome prediction methods and to encourage the development of new methodologies whereby structural neuroimaging can be used to identify biomarkers of TBI outcome
Review: Untangling the influence of air-mass history in interpreting observed atmospheric composition

AbstractIs wind direction an adequate marker of air mass history? This review looks at the evolution of methods for assessing the effect of the origin and pathway of air masses on composition change and trends. The composition of air masses and how they evolve and the changing contribution of sources and receptors are key elements in atmospheric science. Source–receptor relationships of atmospheric composition can be investigated with back trajectory techniques, tracing forward from a defined geographical origin to arrive at measurement sites where the composition may have altered during transport.The distinction between the use of wind sector analysis, trajectory models and dispersion models to interpret composition measurements is explained and the advantages and disadvantages of each are illustrated with examples. Historical uses of wind roses, back trajectories and dispersion models are explained as well as the methods for grouping and clustering air masses. The interface of these methods to the corresponding chemistry measured at the receptor sites is explored. The review does not detail the meteorological derivation of trajectories or the complexity of the models but focus on their application and the statistical analyses used to compare them with in situ composition measurements. A newly developed methodology for analysing atmospheric observatory composition data according to air mass pathways calculated with the NAME dispersion model is given as a detailed case study. The steps in this methodology are explained with relevance to the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory in the UK
Prominent role of exopeptidase DPP III in estrogen-mediated protection against hyperoxia in vivo

AbstractA number of age-related diseases have a low incidence in females, which is attributed to a protective effect of sex hormones. For instance, the female sex hormone estrogen (E2) has a well established cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress, which strongly contributes to ageing. However, the mechanism by which E2 exerts its protective activity remains elusive.In this study we address the question whether the E2-induced protective effect against hyperoxia is mediated by the Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling pathway. In particular, we investigate the E2-induced expression and cellular distribution of DPP III monozinc exopeptidase, a member of the Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway, upon hyperoxia treatment.We find that DPP III accumulates in the nucleus in response to hyperoxia. Further, we show that combined induction of hyperoxia and E2 administration have an additive effect on the nuclear accumulation of DPP III. The level of nuclear accumulation of DPP III is comparable to nuclear accumulation of Nrf-2 in healthy female mice exposed to hyperoxia. In ovariectomized females exposed to hyperoxia, supplementation of E2 induced upregulation of DPP III, Ho-1, Sirt-1 and downregulation of Ppar-γ. While other cytoprotective mechanisms cannot be excluded, these findings demonstrate a prominent role of DPP III, along with Sirt-1, in the E2-mediated protection against hyperoxia
Quantum loops in radiative decays of the a1 and b1 axial-vector mesons

AbstractA previous model where the low-lying axial-vector mesons are dynamically generated, implementing unitarity in coupled channels in the vector–pseudoscalar (VP) meson interaction, is applied to evaluate the decay widths of the a1(1260) and b1(1235) axial-vector mesons into πγ. Unlike the case of the a1, the b1 radiative decay is systematically underestimated at tree level. In this work we evaluate for the first time the loop contribution coming from an initial VP vertex. Despite the large superficial divergence of the loops, the convergence of the relevant loops can be established by using arguments of gauge invariance. The partial decay widths obtained agree with the experimental values within uncertainties, and we show that the loop contribution is crucial in the b1 case and also important for the a1 case
Muon–electron conversion in a family gauge boson model

AbstractWe study the μ–e conversion in muonic atoms via an exchange of family gauge boson (FGB) A21 in a U(3) FGB model. Within the class of FGB model, we consider three types of family-number assignments for quarks. We evaluate the μ–e conversion rate for various target nuclei, and find that next generation μ–e conversion search experiments can cover entire energy scale of the model for all of types of the quark family-number assignments. We show that the conversion rate in the model is so sensitive to up- and down-quark mixing matrices, Uu and Ud, where the CKM matrix is given by VCKM=Uu†Ud. Precise measurements of conversion rates for various target nuclei can identify not only the types of quark family-number assignments, but also each quark mixing matrix individually
The effect of NaCl 0.9% and NaCl 0.45% on sodium, chloride, and acid–base balance in a PICU population

AbstractObjectivesTo study the effect of two intravenous maintenance fluids on plasma sodium (Na), and acid–base balance in pediatric intensive care patients during the first 24h of hospitalization.MethodsA prospective randomized controlled study was performed, which allocated 233 patients to groups: (A) NaCl 0.9% or (B) NaCl 0.45%. Patients were aged 1 day to 18 years, had normal electrolyte concentrations, and suffered an acute insult (medical/surgical). Main outcome measured: change in plasma sodium. Parametric tests: t-tests, ANOVA, X2 statistical significance level was set at α=0.05.ResultsGroup A (n=130): serum Na increased by 2.91 (±3.9)mmol/L at 24h (p<0.01); 2% patients had Na higher than 150mmol/L. Mean urinary Na: 106.6 (±56.8)mmol/L. No change in pH at 0 and 24h. Group B (n=103): serum Na did not display statistically significant changes. Fifteen percent of the patients had Na<135mmol/L at 24h. The two fluids had different effects on respiratory and post-operative situations.ConclusionsThe use of saline 0.9% was associated with a lower incidence of electrolyte disturbances
Flavor changing neutral currents in the Lee–Wick Standard Model

AbstractRecently an extension of the Standard Model (the Lee–Wick Standard Model) based on ideas of Lee and Wick (LW) was introduced. It does not contain quadratic divergences in the Higgs mass and hence solves the hierarchy puzzle. The LW Standard Model contains new heavy LW-resonances at the TeV scale that decay to ordinary particles. In this Letter we examine in more detail the flavor structure of the theory. We integrate out the heavy LW-fermions at tree level and find that this induces flavor changing Z-boson couplings. However, these flavor changing neutral currents are acceptably small since they are automatically suppressed by small Yukawa couplings. This is the case even though the theory does not satisfy the principle of minimal flavor violation. New couplings of the charged W-bosons to quarks and leptons are also induced. We also integrate out the LW–Higgs and examine the four-fermion operators induced
Prediction of a Double-antireflection Coating Made Solely with SiNx in a Single, Directional Deposition Step

AbstractSilicon solar cell modules, where the EVA layer is replaced by an air gap, are able to produce the same electric power as standard modules with EVA only if their anti-reflective properties are enhanced. We propose a method to do this by exploiting the fact that, on Si surfaces textured with random pyramids, light incident from near normal angle always hits at least two pyramidal faces before being reflected back toward the sun. If these two faces are covered with an anti-reflective coating (ARC) made of one and the same material but with two different thicknesses, the coating acts as a double ARC. Such a coating can be produced by depositing the SiNx layer from an oblique angle,optimally from 14.7°. Our detailed raytracing analysis predicts that Jsc can then be improved by 0.2mA/cm2 for normal incident sunlight and AM1.5g standard illumination, and is improved for all angles within a cone with an apex angle of approximately 64°. Furthermore, the coating can be optimized for modules in vertical mounting, where a Jsc gain of 0.1mA/cm2 is predicted for an angle of incidence of 40°
The effect of nurses’ preparedness and nurse practitioner status on triage call management in primary care: A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the ESTEEM trial

AbstractBackgroundNurse-led telephone triage is increasingly used to manage demand for general practitioner consultations in UK general practice. Previous studies are equivocal about the relationship between clinical experience and the call outcomes of nurse triage. Most research is limited to investigating nurse telephone triage in out-of-hours settings.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the professional characteristics of primary care nurses undertaking computer decision supported software telephone triage are related to call disposition.DesignQuestionnaire survey of nurses delivering the nurse intervention arm of the ESTEEM trial, to capture role type (practice nurse or nurse practitioner), prescriber status, number of years’ nursing experience, graduate status, previous experience of triage, and perceived preparedness for triage.Our main outcome was the proportion of triaged patients recommended for follow-up within the practice (call disposition), including all contact types (face-to-face, telephone or home visit), by a general practitioner or nurse.Settings15 general practices and 7012 patients receiving the nurse triage intervention in four regions of the UK.Participants45 nurse practitioners and practice nurse trained in the use of clinical decision support software.MethodsWe investigated the associations between nursing characteristics and triage call disposition for patient ‘same-day’ appointment requests in general practice using multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsValid responses from 35 nurses (78%) from 14 practices: 31/35 (89%) had ≥10 years’ experience with 24/35 (69%) having ≥20 years. Most patient contacts (3842/4605; 86%) were recommended for follow-up within the practice. Nurse practitioners were less likely to recommend patients for follow-up odds ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.07; 0.49 than practice nurses. Nurses who reported that their previous experience had prepared them less well for triage were more likely to recommend patients for follow-up (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.18–5.55).ConclusionNurse characteristics were associated with disposition of triage calls to within practice follow-up. Nurse practitioners or those who reported feeling ‘more prepared’ for the role were more likely to manage the call definitively. Practices considering nurse triage should ensure that nurses transitioning into new roles feel adequately prepared. While standardised training is necessary, it may not be sufficient to ensure successful implementation
Semiclassical pair production rate for time-dependent electrical fields with more than one component: WKB-approach and world-line instantons

AbstractWe present an analytic calculation of the semiclassical electron–positron pair creation rate by time-dependent electrical fields. We use two methods, first the imaginary time method in the WKB-approximation and second the world-line instanton approach. The analytic tools for both methods are generalized to time-dependent electric fields with more than one component.For the WKB method an expansion of the momentum spectrum of produced pairs around the canonical momentum P→=0 is presented which simplifies the computation of the pair creation rate. We argue that the world-line instanton method of [1] implicitly performs this expansion of the momentum spectrum around P→=0. Accordingly, the generalization to more than one component is shown to agree with the WKB result obtained via this expansion.However the expansion is only a good approximation for the cases where the momentum spectrum is peaked around P→=0. Thus the expanded WKB result and the world-line instanton method of [1] as well as the generalized method presented here are only applicable in these cases.We study the two-component case of a rotating electric field and find a new analytic closed form for the momentum spectrum using the generalized WKB method. The momentum spectrum for this field is not peaked around P→=0
First Year Design “Visualisation II”: The Hybridisation of Analogue and Digital Tools

AbstractThis paper discusses first year students’ responses and outcomes to the integration of digital technologies in their second semester foundational visualisation class; „Visualisation IF. As the second class in the Visualisation series, previous analogue knowledge taught in „Visualisation I’ is compounded with new digital technologies establishing the introduction to a myriad of hybrid visualisation tools and techniques for design exploration and design artefact. This research examines the differentiation between analogue and digital design, common precedents of the two, and reflects upon the environment and class structure with the learning experiences and confidence of surveyed participants
Evidence for a narrow resonance at 1530MeV/c2 in the K0p-system of the reaction pp→Σ+K0p from the COSY-TOF experiment

AbstractThe hadronic reaction pp→Σ+K0p was measured exclusively at a beam momentum of 2.95GeV/c using the TOF detector at the COSY storage ring. A narrow peak was observed in the invariant mass spectrum of the K0p-subsystem at 1530±5MeV/c2 with a significance of 4–6 standard deviations, depending on background assumptions. The upper limit of 18±4MeV/c2 (FWHM) for its width is given by the experimental resolution. The corresponding total cross section is estimated to be about 0.4±0.1(stat)±0.1(syst) μb. Since a resonance in this subsystem must have strangeness S=+1 we claim it to be the Θ+ state for which very recently evidence was found in various experiments
The Heisenberg algebra as near horizon symmetry of the black flower solutions of Chern–Simons-like theories of gravity

AbstractIn this paper we study the near horizon symmetry algebra of the non-extremal black hole solutions of the Chern–Simons-like theories of gravity, which are stationary but are not necessarily spherically symmetric. We define the extended off-shell ADT current which is an extension of the generalized ADT current. We use the extended off-shell ADT current to define quasi-local conserved charges such that they are conserved for Killing vectors and asymptotically Killing vectors which depend on dynamical fields of the considered theory. We apply this formalism to the Generalized Minimal Massive Gravity (GMMG) and obtain conserved charges of a spacetime which describes near horizon geometry of non-extremal black holes. Eventually, we find the algebra of conserved charges in Fourier modes. It is interesting that, similar to the Einstein gravity in the presence of negative cosmological constant, for the GMMG model also we obtain the Heisenberg algebra as the near horizon symmetry algebra of the black flower solutions. Also the vacuum state and all descendants of the vacuum have the same energy. Thus these zero energy excitations on the horizon appear as soft hairs on the black hole
Search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13
  TeV using single lepton events

A search for top squark pair production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
is performed using events with a single isolated electron or muon, jets, and a
large transverse momentum imbalance. The results are based on data collected in
2016 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 35.9 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess of events is
observed above the expectation from standard model processes. Exclusion limits
are set in the context of supersymmetric models of pair production of top
squarks that decay either to a top quark and a neutralino or to a bottom quark
and a chargino. Depending on the details of the model, we exclude top squarks
with masses as high as 1120 GeV. Detailed information is also provided to
facilitate theoretical interpretations in other scenarios of physics beyond the
standard model.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplemental figures
  and tables, can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-16-051
  (CMS Public Pages