pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating of Grenvillian metamorphism in Western Sierras Pampeanas (Argentina) : correlation with the Arequipa-Antofalla craton and constraints on the extent of the Precordillera Terrane

The Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, the largest outcrop of pre-Andean crystalline basement in southern South America, resulted from plate interactions along the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana, from as early as Mesoproterozoic to Late Paleozoic times (e.g., Ramos, 2004, and references therein). Two discrete Paleozoic orogenic belts have been recognized: the Early Cambrian Pampean belt in the eastern sierras, and the Ordovician Famatinian belt, which partially overprints it to the west (e.g., Rapela et al., 1998). In the Western Sierras Pampeanas, Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks (ca. 1.0–1.2 Ga) have been recognized in the Sierra de Pie de Palo (Fig. 1) (McDonough et al., 1993 M.R. McDonough, V.A. Ramos, C.E. Isachsen, S.A. Bowring and G.I. Vujovich, Edades preliminares de circones del basamento de la Sierra de Pie de Palo, Sierras Pampeanas occidentales de San Juán: sus implicancias para el supercontinente proterozoico de Rodinia, 12° Cong. Geol. Argentino, Actas vol. 3 (1993), pp. 340–342.McDonough et al., 1993, Pankhurst and Rapela, 1998 and Vujovich et al., 2004) that are time-coincident with the Grenvillian orogeny of eastern and northeastern North America (e.g., Rivers, 1997 and Corrievau and van Breemen, 2000). These Grenvillian-age rocks have been considered to be the easternmost exposure of basement to the Precordillera Terrane, a supposed Laurentian continental block accreted to Gondwana during the Famatinian orogeny (Thomas and Astini, 2003, and references therein). However, the boundaries of this Grenvillian belt are still poorly defined, and its alleged allochthoneity has been challenged (Galindo et al., 2004). Moreover, most of the Grenvillian ages so far determined relate to igneous protoliths, and there is no conclusive evidence for a Grenvillian orogenic belt, other than inferred from petrographic evidence alone (Casquet et al., 2001). We provide here the first evidence, based on U–Pb SHRIMP zircon dating at Sierra de Maz, for a Grenville-age granulite facies metamorphism, leading to the conclusion that a continuous mobile belt existed throughout the proto-Andean margin of Gondwana in Grenvillian times.\ud
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A search for top squarks with R-parity-violating decays to all-hadronic final states with the ATLAS detector in s√=8 TeV proton-proton collisions

A search for the pair production of top squarks, each with R-parity-violating decays into two Standard Model quarks, is performed using 17.4 fb−1 of s√=8 TeV proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Each top squark is assumed to decay to a b- and an s-quark, leading to four quarks in the final state. Background discrimination is achieved with the use of b-tagging and selections on the mass and substructure of large-radius jets, providing sensitivity to top squark masses as low as 100 GeV. No evidence of an excess beyond the Standard Model background prediction is observed and top squarks decaying to b¯¯s¯¯¯ are excluded for top squark masses in the range 100 ≤mt¯≤ 315 GeV at 95% confidence level
VPU-Mediated Intracellular Targeting of HIV-1 Core Protein Precursor PR55GAG and Association of PR55GAG with Lipid Microdomains

HIV-1 has been suggested to use lipid rafts for assembly and budding.
Lipid rafts can be separated from the bulk membranes by extraction
with non-ionic detergents, such as Triton X-100 at cold, followed by a
density gradient centrifugation. The analysis of intracellular Pr55gag on
iodixanol density gradients yielded intermediate density buoyant
complexes while raft-associated proteins floated to the light-density
fractions. Extracellular virus-like particles (VLPs) showed a similar
intermediate flotation pattern after TX-100 extraction suggesting that
Pr55gag was not a genuine raft-associated protein. The lipid analysis of
TX-100 extracted VLPs suggested that the intermediate buoyant
complexes were largely devoid of membrane cholesterol and
phospholipids. We also tested the extractability of the membranes with
Brij98 which has been shown to detect rafts at physiological
temperatures. Our analyses showed that intracellular Pr55gag as well as
VLPs were largely resistant to Brij98-extraction. We concluded that
Pr55gag associates with lipid microdomains distinct from the classical
TX-100-resistant lipid rafts.
We also analyzed the intracellular targeting of Pr55gag. It has been
under an intense debate at which cellular membrane the productive
assembly takes place, as Pr55gag has been seen to accumulate at both
the internal membranes and the plasma membrane depending on the
cell type. To resolve this issue, we performed our analyses in HeLa
H1-cells, where the Pr55gag can be found both at the plasma membrane
and the internal membranes. We employed pulse-chase studies and a
subcellular fractionation assay by which an efficient separation of the
plasma membrane from the internal membrane fraction is achieved.
The kinetic analyses revealed that in the HeLa H1-cells newly
synthesized Pr55gag is exclusively targeted to the plasma membrane.
To our surprise, the plasma membrane-associated Pr55gag was
subsequently endocytosed, if the viral accessory protein Vpu was
defective in our proviral construct. Our work was the first to implicate
that Vpu had an important role in the subcellular localization of
Pr55gag.
We probed by which mechanism the Pr55gag is taken up into the cells
in the absence of Vpu. Our analyses implicated that neither clathrinmediated
endocytosis nor macropinocytosis was involved in Pr55gag
uptake. In contrast, the cholesterol depletion affected the uptake of Gag
thus suggesting the possibility that cholesterol-mediated uptake might
be involved. However, cholesterol depletion had a more pronounced
effect if it was applied before the maximal membrane insertion and at
least some level of the higher-order multimerization of Pr55gag were
achieved. This implicated that the cholesterol-dependent uptake
pathway was only indirectly associated with the endocytosis of Pr55gag
as cholesterol depletion most likely interfered with Gag
multimerization and virus assembly
Synthesis and characterization of 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-5H-thiazolo3,2-apyrimidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 6-methyl ester and its 6-ethyl ester 5-naphthalene derivative

The compounds 5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid 2-ethyl ester 6-methyl ester (2a) and 3,7-dimethyl-5-naphthalen-1-yl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (2b) were synthesized by the base catalyzed cyclocondensation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-thione with ethylacetoacetate. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental analysis were used to characterize these compounds. The structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O–H…N, C–H…O, C–H…π and π…π weak interactions
Relative Pitch Perception and the Detection of Deviant Tone Patterns.

Most people are able to recognise familiar tunes even when played in a different key. It is assumed that this depends on a general capacity for relative pitch perception; the ability to recognise the pattern of inter-note intervals that characterises the tune. However, when healthy adults are required to detect rare deviant melodic patterns in a sequence of randomly transposed standard patterns they perform close to chance. Musically experienced participants perform better than naïve participants, but even they find the task difficult, despite the fact that musical education includes training in interval recognition.To understand the source of this difficulty we designed an experiment to explore the relative influence of the size of within-pattern intervals and between-pattern transpositions on detecting deviant melodic patterns. We found that task difficulty increases when patterns contain large intervals (5-7 semitones) rather than small intervals (1-3 semitones). While task difficulty increases substantially when transpositions are introduced, the effect of transposition size (large vs small) is weaker. Increasing the range of permissible intervals to be used also makes the task more difficult. Furthermore, providing an initial exact repetition followed by subsequent transpositions does not improve performance. Although musical training correlates with task performance, we find no evidence that violations to musical intervals important in Western music (i.e. the perfect fifth or fourth) are more easily detected. In summary, relative pitch perception does not appear to be conducive to simple explanations based exclusively on invariant physical ratios
Möbius operators and non-additive quantum probabilities in the Birkhoff-von Neumann lattice.

yesThe properties of quantum probabilities are linked to the geometry of quantum mechanics, described
by the Birkhoff-von Neumann lattice. Quantum probabilities violate the additivity property
of Kolmogorov probabilities, and they are interpreted as Dempster-Shafer probabilities. Deviations from the additivity property are quantified with the Möbius (or non-additivity) operators which are defined through Möbius transforms, and which are shown to be intimately related to commutators.
The lack of distributivity in the Birkhoff-von Neumann lattice Λd, causes deviations from the law of the total probability (which is central in Kolmogorov’s probability theory). Projectors which quantify the lack of distributivity in Λd, and also deviations from the law of the total probability, are introduced. All these operators, are observables and they can be measured experimentally. Constraints for the Möbius operators, which are based on the properties of the Birkhoff-von Neumann
lattice (which in the case of finite quantum systems is a modular lattice), are derived. Application of this formalism in the context of coherent states, generalizes coherence to multi-dimensional structures
NNLO QCD corrections for Drell-Yan pTZ and ϕ∗η observables at the LHC.

Drell-Yan lepton pairs with finite transverse momentum are produced when the vector boson recoils against (multiple) parton emission(s), and is determined by QCD dynamics. At small transverse momentum, the fixed order predictions break down due to the emergence of large logarithmic contributions. This region can be studied via the pTZ distribution constructed from the energies of the leptons, or through the  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  distribution that relies on the directions of the leptons. For sufficiently small transverse momentum, the  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  observable can be measured experimentally with better resolution. We study the small pTZ and  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  distributions up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD. We compute the  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  distributions for the fully inclusive production of lepton pairs via Z/γ∗ to NNLO and normalise them to the NNLO cross sections for inclusive Z/γ∗ production. We compare our predictions with the  ϕ∗ηϕη∗ distribution measured by the ATLAS collaboration during LHC operation at 8 TeV. We find that at moderate to large values of  ϕ∗ηϕη∗ , the NNLO effects are positive and lead to a substantial improvement in the theory-data comparison compared to next-to-leading order (NLO). At small values of pTZ and  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  , the known large logarithmic enhancements emerge through and we identify the region where resummation is needed. We find an approximate relationship between the values of pTZ and  ϕ∗ηϕη∗  where the large logarithms emerge and find perturbative consistency between the two observables
Five principles for the practice of knowledge exchange in environmental management.

This paper outlines five principles for effective practice of knowledge exchange, which when applied, have the potential to significantly enhance the impact of environmental management research, policy and practice. The paper is based on an empirical analysis of interviews with 32 researchers and stakeholders across 13 environmental management research projects, each of which included elements of knowledge co-creation and sharing in their design. The projects focused on a range of upland and catchment management issues across the UK, and included Research Council, Government and NGO funded projects. Preliminary findings were discussed with knowledge exchange professionals and academic experts to ensure the emerging principles were as broadly applicable as possible across multiple disciplines. The principles suggest that: knowledge exchange needs to be designed into research; the needs of likely research users and other stakeholders should be systematically represented in the research where possible; and long-term relationships must be built on trust and two-way dialogue between researchers and stakeholders in order to ensure effective co-generation of new knowledge. We found that the delivery of tangible benefits early on in the research process helps to ensure continued motivation and engagement of likely research users. Knowledge exchange is a flexible process that must be monitored, reflected on and continuously refined, and where possible, steps should be taken to ensure a legacy of ongoing knowledge exchange beyond initial research funding. The principles have been used to inform the design of knowledge exchange and stakeholder engagement guidelines for two international research programmes. They are able to assist researchers, decision-makers and other stakeholders working in contrasting environmental management settings to work together to co-produce new knowledge, and more effectively share and apply existing knowledge to manage environmental change.Rural Economy and Land Use programme (ES/H037144/1)  Open Access funded by Economic and Social Research Counci
New and improved infra-red absorption cross sections and ACE-FTS retrievals of carbon tetrachloride (CCl<inf>4</inf>)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the species regulated by the Montreal Protocol on account of its ability to deplete stratospheric ozone. As such, the inconsistency between observations of its abundance and estimated sources and sinks is an important problem requiring urgent attention (Carpenter et al., 2014) [5]. Satellite remote-sensing has a role to play, particularly limb sounders which can provide vertical profiles into the stratosphere and therefore validate stratospheric loss rates in atmospheric models.This work is in two parts. The first describes new and improved high-resolution infra-red absorption cross sections of carbon tetrachloride/dry synthetic air over the spectral range 700-860cm-1 for a range of temperatures and pressures (7.5-760Torr and 208-296K) appropriate for atmospheric conditions. This new cross-section dataset improves upon the one currently available in the HITRAN and GEISA databases. The second describes a new, preliminary ACE-FTS carbon tetrachloride retrieval that improves upon the v3.0/v3.5 data products, which are biased high by up to ~20-30% relative to ground measurements. Making use of the new spectroscopic data, this retrieval also improves the microwindow selection, contains additional interfering species, and utilises a new instrumental lineshape; it will form the basis for the upcoming v4.0 CCl4 data product.We wish to thank the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), for supporting this work and for providing access to the Molecular Spectroscopy Facility (MSF) at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), as well as R.G. Williams and R.A. McPheat for providing technical support at the RAL. The ACE mission is funded primarily by the Canadian Space Agency.Peer-reviewedPublisher VersionSatellite Remote Sensing and Spectroscopy: Joint ACE-Odin Meeting, October 201
Copper(I)-Phosphinite Complexes in Click Cycloadditions: Three-Component Reactions and Preparation of 5-Iodotriazoles

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.The remarkable activity displayed by copper(I)–phosphinite complexes of general formula [CuBr(L)] in two challenging cycloadditions is reported: a) the one-pot azidonation/cycloaddition of boronic acids, NaN3, and terminal alkynes; b) the cycloaddition of azides and iodoalkynes. These air-stable catalysts led to very good results in both cases and the expected triazoles could be isolated in pure form under ‘Click-suitable’ conditions
Absence of hepatitis delta infection in a large rural HIV cohort in Tanzania.

The epidemiological and clinical determinants of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Sub-Saharan Africa are ill-defined. The prevalence of HDV infection was determined in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected individuals in rural Tanzania.
All HBV-infected adults under active follow-up in the Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies. For positive samples, a second serological test and nucleic acid amplification were performed. Demographic and clinical characteristics at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were compared between anti-HDV-negative and -positive patients.
Among 222 HIV/HBV co-infected patients on ART, 219 (98.6%) had a stored serum sample available and were included in the study. Median age was 37 years, 55% were female, 46% had World Health Organization stage III/IV HIV disease, and the median CD4 count was 179 cells/μl. The prevalence of anti-HDV positivity was 5.0% (95% confidence interval 2.8-8.9%). There was no significant predictor of anti-HDV positivity. HDV could not be amplified in any of the anti-HDV-positive patients and the second serological test was negative in all of them.
No confirmed case of HDV infection was found among over 200 HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Tanzania. As false-positive serology results are common, screening results should be confirmed with a second test
AN ELEMENTAL ASSAY OF VERY, EXTREMELY, AND ULTRA-METAL-POOR STARS

We present a high-resolution elemental-abundance analysis for a sample of 23 very metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −2.0) stars, 12 of which are extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −3.0), and 4 of which are ultra-metal-poor ([Fe/H] < −4.0). These stars were targeted to explore differences in the abundance ratios for elements that constrain the possible astrophysical sites of element production, including Li, C, N, O, the α-elements, the iron-peak elements, and a number of neutron-capture elements. This sample substantially increases the number of known carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) and nitrogen-enhanced metal-poor (NEMP) stars—our program stars include eight that are considered "normal" metal-poor stars, six CEMP-no stars, five CEMP-s stars, two CEMP-r stars, and two CEMP-r/s stars. One of the CEMP-r stars and one of the CEMP-r/s stars are possible NEMP stars. We detect lithium for three of the six CEMP-no stars, all of which are Li depleted with respect to the Spite plateau. The majority of the CEMP stars have [C/N] > 0. The stars with [C/N] < 0 suggest a larger degree of mixing; the few CEMP-no stars that exhibit this signature are only found at [Fe/H] < −3.4, a metallicity below which we also find the CEMP-no stars with large enhancements in Na, Mg, and Al. We confirm the existence of two plateaus in the absolute carbon abundances of CEMP stars, as suggested by Spite et al. We also present evidence for a "floor" in the absolute Ba abundances of CEMP-no stars at A(Ba) ~ −2.0.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Grant AST-1255160
Measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the mass difference between top and anti-top quarks is presented. In a 4.7 fb1 data sample of proton-proton collisions at√s = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, events consistent with tt production and decay into a single charged lepton final state are reconstructed. For each event, the mass difference between the top and anti-top quark candidate is calculated. A two b-tag requirement is used in order to reduce the background contribution. A maximum likelihood fit to these per-event mass differences yields δm = mt - mt = 0.67 ± 0.61 (stat) ± 0.41 (syst) GeV, consistent with CPT invariance.ATLAS Collaboration (members listed at the end of the article
Office workers\u27 objectively assessed total and prolonged sitting time: individual-level correlates and worksite variations

Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent in office-based workplaces; however, few studies have assessed the attributes associated with this health risk factor in the workplace setting. This study aimed to identify the correlates of office workers\u27 objectively-assessed total and prolonged (&ge;&nbsp;30&nbsp;min bouts) workplace sitting time. Participants were 231 Australian office workers recruited from 14 sites of a single government employer in 2012-13. Potential socio-demographic, work-related, health-related and cognitive-social correlates were measured through a self-administered survey and anthropometric measurements. Associations with total and prolonged workplace sitting time (measured with the activPAL3) were tested using linear mixed models. Worksites varied significantly in total workplace sitting time (overall mean [SD]: 79% [10%] of work hours) and prolonged workplace sitting time (42% [19%]), after adjusting for socio-demographic and work-related characteristics. Organisational tenure of 3-5&nbsp;years (compared to tenure &gt;&nbsp;5&nbsp;years) was associated with more time spent in total and prolonged workplace sitting time, while having a BMI categorised as obese (compared to a healthy BMI) was associated with less time spent in total and prolonged workplace sitting time. Significant variations in sitting time were observed across different worksites of the same employer and the variation remained after adjusting for individual-level factors. Only BMI and organisational tenure were identified as correlates of total and prolonged workplace sitting time. Additional studies are needed to confirm the present findings across diverse organisations and occupations
Job design, employment practices and well-being: a systematic review of intervention studies

There is inconsistent evidence that deliberate attempts to improve job design realise improvements in well-being. We investigated the role of other employment practices, either as instruments for job redesign or as instruments that augment job redesign. Our primary outcome was well-being. Where studies also assessed performance, we considered performance as an outcome. We reviewed 33 intervention studies. We found that well-being and performance may be improved by: training workers to improve their own jobs; training coupled with job redesign; and system wide approaches that simultaneously enhance job design and a range of other employment practices. We found insufficient evidence to make any firm conclusions concerning the effects of training managers in job redesign and that participatory approaches to improving job design have mixed effects. Successful implementation of interventions was associated with worker involvement and engagement with interventions, managerial commitment to interventions and integration of interventions with other organisational systems