pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The dichotomy of memantine treatment for ischemic stroke: dose-dependent protective and detrimental effects.

Excitotoxicity is a major contributor to cell death during the acute phase of ischemic stroke but aggressive pharmacological targeting of excitotoxicity has failed clinically. Here we investigated whether pretreatment with low doses of memantine, within the range currently used and well tolerated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, produce a protective effect in stroke. A coculture preparation exposed to modeled ischemia showed cell death associated with rapid glutamate rises and cytotoxic Ca(2+) influx. Cell death was significantly enhanced in the presence of high memantine concentrations. However, low memantine concentrations significantly protected neurons and glia via excitotoxic cascade interruption. Mice were systemically administered a range of memantine doses (0.02, 0.2, 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) starting 24 hours before 60 minutes reversible focal cerebral ischemia and continuing for a 48-hour recovery period. Low dose (0.2 mg/kg/day) memantine treatment significantly reduced lesion volume (by 30% to 50%) and improved behavioral outcomes in stroke lesions that had been separated into either small/striatal or large/striatocortical infarcts. However, higher doses of memantine (20 mg/kg/day) significantly increased injury. These results show that clinically established low doses of memantine should be considered for patients 'at risk' of stroke, while higher doses are contraindicated
On local and global aspects of the 1:4 resonance in the conservative cubic Hénon maps

We study the 1:4 resonance for the conservative cubic Hénon maps C^± with positive and negative cubic terms. These maps show up different bifurcation structures both for fixed points with eigenvalues¿±i and for 4-periodic orbits. While for C^–, the 1:4 resonance unfolding has the so-called Arnold degeneracy [the first Birkhoff twist coefficient equals (in absolute value) to the first resonant term coefficient], the map C^+ has a different type of degeneracy because the resonant term can vanish. In the last case, non-symmetric points are created and destroyed at pitchfork bifurcations and, as a result of global bifurcations, the 1:4 resonant chain of islands rotates by \pi/4. For both maps, several bifurcations are detected and illustrated.Postprint (author's final draft
A function for EHD family proteins in unidirectional retrograde dendritic transport of BACE1 and Alzheimer's disease Aβ production

Abnormal accumulation of β-secretase (BACE1) in dystrophic neurites and presynaptic β-amyloid (Aβ) production contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Little, however, is known about BACE1 sorting and dynamic transport in neurons. We investigated BACE1 trafficking in hippocampal neurons using live-cell imaging and selective labeling. We report that transport vesicles containing internalized BACE1 in dendrites undergo exclusive retrograde transport toward the soma, whereas they undergo bidirectional transport in axons. Unidirectional dendritic transport requires Eps15-homology-domain-containing (EHD) 1 and 3 protein function. Furthermore, loss of EHD function compromises dynamic axonal transport and overall BACE1 levels in axons. EHD1/3 colocalize with BACE1 and APP β-C-terminal fragments in hippocampal mossy fiber terminals, and their depletion in neurons significantly attenuates Aβ levels. These results demonstrate unidirectional endocytic transport of a dendritic cargo and reveal a role for EHD proteins in neuronal BACE1 transcytosis and Aβ production, processes that are highly relevant for Alzheimer's disease
Searches for B0(s) -> J/ψ p pbar and B+ -> J/ψ p pbar π+ decays

The results of searches for B0(s)→J/ψ pp¯ and B + → J/ψ p p¯ π+ decays are reported. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collisions, collected with the LHCb detector. An excess with 2.8 σ significance is seen for the decay B0s→J/ψ pp¯ and an upper limit on the branching fraction is set at the 90 % confidence level: B(B0s→J/ψ pp¯) < 4.8 × 10−6, which is the first such limit. No significant signals are seen for B 0 → J/ψ p p¯ and B + → J/ψ p p¯ π + decays, for which the corresponding limits are set: B(B0→J/ψ pp¯) < 5.2 × 10−7, which significantly improves the existing limit; and B(B+→J/ψ pp¯π+) < 5.0 × 10−7, which is the first limit on this branching fraction
Physicochemical and toxicological profiling of ash from the 2010 and 2011 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn volcanoes, Iceland using a rapid respiratory hazard assessment protocol.

The six week eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano in 2010 produced heavy ash fall in a sparsely populated area of southern and south eastern Iceland and disrupted European commercial flights for at least 6 days. We adopted a protocol for the rapid analysis of volcanic ash particles, for the purpose of informing respiratory health risk assessments. Ash collected from deposits underwent a multi-laboratory physicochemical and toxicological investigation of their mineralogical parameters associated with bio-reactivity, and selected in vitro toxicology assays related to pulmonary inflammatory responses. Ash from the eruption of Grímsvötn, Iceland, in 2011 was also studied. The results were benchmarked against ash from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, which has been extensively studied since the onset of eruptive activity in 1995.\ud
\ud
For Eyjafjallajökull, the grain size distributions were variable: 2–13 vol% of the bulk samples were <4 µm, with the most explosive phases of the eruption generating abundant respirable particulate matter. In contrast, the Grímsvötn ash was almost uniformly coarse (<3.5 vol%<4 µm material). Surface area ranged from 0.3 to 7.7 m2 g−1 for Eyjafjallajökull but was very low for Grímsvötn (<0.6 m2 g−1). There were few fibre-like particles (which were unrelated to asbestos) and the crystalline silica content was negligible in both eruptions, whereas Soufrière Hills ash was cristobalite-rich with a known potential to cause silicosis. All samples displayed a low ability to deplete lung antioxidant defences, showed little haemolysis and low acute cytotoxicity in human alveolar type-1 like epithelial cells (TT1). However, cell-free tests showed substantial hydroxyl radical generation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for Grímsvötn samples, as expected for basaltic, Fe-rich ash. Cellular mediators MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 showed chronic pro-inflammatory responses in Eyjafjallajökull, Grímsvötn and Soufrière Hills samples, despite substantial differences in the sample mineralogy and eruptive styles.\ud
\ud
The value of the pro-inflammatory profiles in differentiating the potential respiratory health hazard of volcanic ashes remains uncertain in a protocol designed to inform public health risk assessment, and further research on their role in volcanic crises is warranted
The topological structure of direct limits in the category of uniform
  spaces

Let $(X_n)_{n}$ be a sequence of uniform spaces such that each space $X_n$ is
a closed subspace in $X_{n+1}$. We give an explicit description of the topology
and uniformity of the direct limit $u-lim X_n$ of the sequence $(X_n)$ in the
category of uniform spaces. This description implies that a function $f:u-lim
X_n\to Y$ to a uniform space $Y$ is continuous if for every $n$ the restriction
$f|X_n$ is continuous and regular at the subset $X_{n-1}$ in the sense that for
any entourages $U\in\U_Y$ and $V\in\U_X$ there is an entourage $V\in\U_X$ such
that for each point $x\in B(X_{n-1},V)$ there is a point $x'\in X_{n-1}$ with
$(x,x')\in V$ and $(f(x),f(x'))\in U$. Also we shall compare topologies of
direct limits in various categories.Comment: 10 page
Pseudo and Strongly Pseudo 2--Factor Isomorphic Regular Graphs

A graph $G$ is pseudo 2--factor isomorphic if the parity of the number of
cycles in a 2--factor is the same for all 2--factors of $G$. In \cite{ADJLS} we
proved that pseudo 2--factor isomorphic $k$--regular bipartite graphs exist
only for $k \le 3$. In this paper we generalize this result for regular graphs
which are not necessarily bipartite. We also introduce strongly pseudo
2--factor isomorphic graphs and we prove that pseudo and strongly pseudo
2--factor isomorphic 2k--regular graphs and $k$--regular digraphs do not exist
for $k\geq 4$. Moreover, we present constructions of infinite families of
regular graphs in these classes. In particular we show that the family of
Flower snarks is strongly pseudo 2--factor isomorphic but not 2--factor
isomorphic and we conjecture that, together with the Petersen and the
Blanu\v{s}a2 graphs, they are the only cyclically 4--edge--connected snarks for
which each 2--factor contains only cycles of odd length
Extended h-Index Parameterized Data Structures for Computing Dynamic
  Subgraph Statistics

We present techniques for maintaining subgraph frequencies in a dynamic
graph, using data structures that are parameterized in terms of h, the h-index
of the graph. Our methods extend previous results of Eppstein and Spiro for
maintaining statistics for undirected subgraphs of size three to directed
subgraphs and to subgraphs of size four. For the directed case, we provide a
data structure to maintain counts for all 3-vertex induced subgraphs in O(h)
amortized time per update. For the undirected case, we maintain the counts of
size-four subgraphs in O(h^2) amortized time per update. These extensions
enable a number of new applications in Bioinformatics and Social Networking
research
From zero resistance states to absolute negative conductivity in
  microwave irradiated 2D electron systems

Recent experimental results regarding a 2D electron gas subjected to
microwave radiation reveal that magnetoresistivity, apart from presenting
oscillations and zero resistance states, can evolve to negative values at
minima. In other words, the current can evolve from flowing with no
dissipation, to flow in the opposite direction of the dc bias applied. Here we
present a theoretical model in which the existence of radiation-induced
absolute negative conductivity is analyzed. Our model explains the transition
from zero resistance states to absolute negative conductivity in terms of
multiphoton assisted electron scattering due to charged impurities. It shows as
well, how this transition can be driven by tuning microwave frequency and
intensity. Then it opens the possibility of controlling the electron Larmor
orbits dynamics (magnetoconductivity) in microwave driven nanodevices. The
analysis of zero resistance states is therefore promising because new optical
and transport properties in nanodevices will be expected.Comment: 5 pages and 4 figure
Polarization in B->VV Decays

Factorizable amplitudes in B decays to light vector meson pairs give a
longitudinal polarization satisfying 1- f_L =O(1/m_b^2). This remains formally
true when non-factorizable graphs are included in QCD factorization, and is
numerically realized in B->Rho Rho. In \Delta S=1 decays a QCD penguin
annihilation graph can effectively contribute at leading power to the
transverse and longitudinal amplitudes. The observed longitudinal polarization,
f_L (B->phi K^*) \approx 50%, can therefore be accounted for in the SM. The
ratio of perpendicular to parallel transverse rates provides a sensitive test
for new right-handed currents. The transverse b->sg dipole operator amplitudes
are highly suppressed. CP violation measurements can therefore discriminate
between new contributions to the dipole and four quark operators. SU(3)_F
violation in QCD penguin amplitudes can easily be O}(1), in general, due to
annihilation. Implications for B->Rho K^* polarization and New Physics searches
are pointed out.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. added comment on cancelation of linear
  divergence, comment on new physics, 1 ref., an acknowledgement, corrected
  typo
Physical Gluons and High $E_T$ Jets

We propose a more physical parameterization of the gluon distribution for
global parton analyses of deep inelastic and related hard scattering data. In
the new parameterization the gluon distribution at large x in the MSbar-scheme
is driven by the valence quarks, which naturally produces a shoulder-like form
at high x, and hence produces a better description of the Tevatron inclusive
jet data. We perform the new analysis at both NLO and NNLO. The improvement is
found to be even better at NNLO than at NLO. We make available the new sets of
NLO and NNLO partons, which we denote by MRST2004.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. FORTRAN code for parton sets can be found at
  http://durpdg.dur.ac.uk/hepdata/mrs.htm
Renormalization group, trace anomaly and Feynman-Hellmann theorem

We show that the logarithmic derivative of the gauge coupling on the hadronic
mass and the cosmological constant term of a gauge theory are related to the
gluon condensate of the hadron and the vacuum respectively. These relations are
akin to Feynman-Hellmann relations whose derivation for the case at hand are
complicated by the construction of the gauge theory Hamiltonian. We bypass this
problem by using a renormalisation group equation for composite operators and
the trace anomaly. The relations serve as possible definitions of the gluon
condensates themselves which are plagued in direct approaches by power
divergences. In turn these results might help to determine the contribution of
the QCD phase transition to the cosmological constant and test speculative
ideas.Comment: 11pp, version almost identical that appeared in PL
Suite of Hydrodynamical Simulations for the Lyman-Alpha Forest with
  Massive Neutrinos

The signature left in quasar spectra by the presence of neutral hydrogen in
the Universe allows one to constrain the sum of the neutrino masses with
improved sensitivity, with respect to laboratory experiments, and may shed a
new light on the neutrino mass hierarchy and on the absolute mass scale of
neutrinos. Constraints on cosmological parameters and on the dark energy
equation of state can also be derived, from a joint parameter estimation
procedure. However, this requires a detailed modeling of the line-of-sight
power spectrum of the transmitted flux in the Lyman-Alpha (LyA) forest on
scales ranging from a few to hundreds of Mpcs, which in turns demands the
inclusion and careful treatment of cosmological neutrinos. To this end, we
present here a suite of state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations with cold
dark matter, baryons and massive neutrinos, specifically targeted for modeling
the low-density regions of the IGM as probed by the LyA forest at
high-redshift. The simulations span volumes ranging from (25 Mpc/h)^3 to (100
Mpc/h)^3, and are made using either 3 X 192^3~21 millions or 3 X 768^3~1.4
billion particles. The resolution of the various runs can be further enhanced,
so that we can reach the equivalent of 3 X 3072^3~87 billion particles in a
(100 Mpc/h)^3 box size. The chosen cosmological parameters are compatible with
the latest Planck (2013) results, although we also explore the effect of slight
variations in the main cosmological and astrophysical parameters. We adopt a
particle-type implementation of massive neutrinos, and consider three
degenerate species having masses M_nu =0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.8 eV,
respectively. We improve on previous studies in several ways, in particular
with updated routines for IGM radiative cooling and heating processes, and
initial conditions based on 2LPT rather than the Zeldovich approximation.Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Has a
  companion paper Borde et al. (2014
Spin-Flipping Half Vortex in a Macroscopic Polariton Spinor Ring
  Condensate

We report the observation of vorticity in a macroscopic Bose-Einstein
condensate of polaritons in a ring geometry. Because it is a spinor condensate,
the elementary excitations are "half vortices" in which there is a phase
rotation of $\pi$ in connection with a polarization vector rotation of $\pi$
around a closed path. This is clearly seen in the experimental observations of
the polarization rotation around the ring. In the ring geometry, a new type of
half vortex is allowed in which the handedness of the spin flips from one side
of the ring to the other, in addition to the rotation of the linear
polarization component; such a state is not allowed in a simply-connected
geometry. Theoretical calculation of the energy of this state shows that when
many-body interactions are taken into account, it is lower in energy than a
simple half vortex. The direction of circulation of the flow around the ring
fluctuates randomly between clockwise and counterclockwise from one shot to the
next; this corresponds to spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the
system. These new, macroscopic polariton ring condensates allow for the
possibility of direct control of the vorticity of the condensate.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, including supplemental information; Proceedings
  of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) (2015
Proper conformal symmetries in SD Einstein spaces

Proper conformal symmetries in self-dual (SD) Einstein spaces are considered.
It is shown, that such symmetries are admitted only by the Einstein spaces of
the type [N]x[N]. Spaces of the type [N]x[-] are considered in details.
Existence of the proper conformal Killing vector implies existence of the
isometric, covariantly constant and null Killing vector. It is shown, that
there are two classes of [N]x[-]-metrics admitting proper conformal symmetry.
They can be distinguished by analysis of the associated anti-self-dual (ASD)
null strings. Both classes are analyzed in details. The problem is reduced to
single linear PDE. Some general and special solutions of this PDE are
presented
Finite BRST-antiBRST Transformations in Lagrangian Formalism

We continue the study of finite BRST-antiBRST transformations for general
gauge theories in Lagrangian formalism initiated in [arXiv:1405.0790[hep-th]],
with a doublet $\lambda_{a}$, $a=1,2$, of anticommuting Grassmann parameters,
and find an explicit Jacobian corresponding to this change of variables for
constant $\lambda_{a}$. This makes it possible to derive the Ward identities
and their consequences for the generating functional of Green's functions. We
announce the form of the Jacobian [proved to be correct in
[arXiv:1406.5086[hep-th]] for finite field-dependent BRST-antiBRST
transformations with functionally-dependent parameters, $\lambda_{a}%
=s_{a}\Lambda$, induced by a finite even-valued functional $\Lambda(\phi
,\pi,\lambda)$ and by the generators $s_{a}$ of BRST-antiBRST transformations
acting in the space of fields $\phi$, antifields $\phi_{a}^{\ast}$, $\bar
{\phi}$ and auxiliary variables $\pi^{a},\lambda$. On the basis of this
Jacobian, we solve a compensation equation for $\Lambda$, which is used to
achieve a precise change of the gauge-fixing functional for an arbitrary gauge
theory. We derive a new form of the Ward identities containing the parameters
$\lambda_{a}$ and study the problem of gauge-dependence. The general approach
is exemplified by the Freedman--Townsend model of\ a non-Abelian antisymmetric
tensor field.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, (5.9) and Discussion extended, section with
  Freedman-Townsend model, 4+6 references and acknowledgments adde
Integrability of the evolution equations for heavy-light baryon
  distribution amplitudes

We consider evolution equations describing the scale dependence of the wave
function of a baryon containing an infinitely heavy quark and a pair of light
quarks at small transverse separations, which is the QCD analogue of the helium
atom.The evolution equations depend on the relative helicity of the light
quarks. For the aligned helicities, we find that the equation is completely
integrable, that is it has a nontrivial integral of motion, and obtain exact
analytic expressions for the eigenfunctions and the anomalous dimensions. The
evolution equation for anti-aligned helicities contains an extra term that
breaks integrability and creates a "bound state" with the anomalous dimension
separated from the rest of the spectrum by a finite gap. The corresponding
eigenfunction is found using numerical methods. It describes the momentum
fraction distribution of the light quarks in, e.g., $\Lambda_b$-baryon at large
scales.Comment: slightly extended version to be published in Physics Letters
A Description of multi Charged Black Holes in terms of Branes and
  Antibranes

We describe multicharged black holes in terms of branes and antibranes
together with multiple copies of gas of massless excitations. Assuming that
energies of these copies of gas are all equal, we find that the entropy of the
brane antibrane configuration agrees with that of the multicharged black hole
in supergravity approximation, upto a factor X. We find that X = 1 for a
suitable normalisation which admits a simple empirical interpretation that the
available gas energy is all taken by one single gas which is, in a sense, a
certain superposition of the multiple copies; and that the brane tensions are
decreased by a factor of 4. This interpretation renders superfluous the
assumption of equal energies, which is unnatural from a physical point of view.Comment: Latex file. 15 pages. Version 2: Some confusion regarding the
  interpretation of deficit factor is clarified and some minor typos fixed. To
  appear in Physics Letters
Measurement of the ZZ cross-section in $e^+ e^-$ interactions at 183-189 GeV

Measurements of on-shell $ZZ$ production are described, using data collected by DELPHI in 1997 and 1998, at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt s$ = 182.6 GeV and 188.6 GeV respectively. Results obtained in each of the final states $q \bar{q} q \bar{q}$, $\mu^+ \mu^- q \bar{q}$, $e^+e^- q \bar{q}$, $\nu \bar{\nu} q \bar{q}$, $l^+l^-l^+l^-$, and $\nu \bar{\nu} l^+l^-$ are presented. The measured cross-sections for on-shell $ZZ$ production via the tree-level doubly-resonant graphs (NC02) are: \begin{tabbing} ~~~~~~~~~~\=$ \sigma_{\tiny NC02}$~(182.6 GeV) \== 0.38 $ \pm $ $0.18 ~(stat)$ $ \pm $ $0.04 ~(syst)$ pb, \\ ~~\\ \>$ \sigma_{\tiny NC02}$~(188.6 GeV) \>= 0.60 $ \pm $ $0.13 ~(stat)$ $ \pm $ $0.07 ~(syst)$ pb. \end{tabbing} They are consistent with the Standard Model expectations of 0.25 pb and 0.65 pb at each energy.Measurements of on-shell ZZ production are described, using data collected by DELPHI in 1997 and 1998, at centre-of-mass energies sqrt(s) = 182.6 GeV and 188.6 GeV respectively. Results obtained in each of the final states q qbar q qbar, mu+mu- q qbar, e+e- q qbar, nu nubar q qbar, l+l-l+l-, and nu nubar l+l- are presented. The measured cross-sections for on-shell ZZ production via the tree-level doubly-resonant graphs (NC02) are: sigma_{NC02}(182.6 GeV) = 0.38 +- 0.18 (stat) +- 0.04 (syst) pb, sigma_{NC02}(188.6 GeV) = 0.60 +- 0.13 (stat) +- 0.07 (syst) pb. They are consistent with the Standard Model expectations of 0.25 pb and 0.65 pb at each energy.Measurements of on-shell ZZ production are described, using data collected by DELPHI in 1997 and 1998, at centre-of-mass energies s =182.6  GeV and 188.6 GeV, respectively. Results obtained in each of the final states q q ̄ q q ̄ , μ + μ − q q ̄ , e + e − q q ̄ , ν ν ̄ q q ̄ , l + l − l + l − , and ν ν ̄ l + l − are presented. The measured cross-sections for on-shell ZZ production via the tree-level doubly-resonant graphs (NC02) are: σ NC02  (182.6 GeV)=0.38±0.18 (stat)±0.04 (syst) pb, σ NC02  (188.6 GeV)=0.60±0.13 (stat)±0.07 (syst) pb. They are consistent with the Standard Model expectations of 0.25 and 0.65 pb at each energy