pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dynamic cratering of graphite: Experimental results and simulations

International audienceThe cratering process in brittle materials under hypervelocity impact (HVI) is of major relevance for debris shielding in spacecraft or high-power laser applications. Amongst other materials, carbon is of particular interest since it is widely used as elementary component in composite materials. In this paper we study a porous polycrystalline graphite under HVI and laser impact, both leading to strong debris ejection and cratering. First, we report new experimental data for normal impacts at 4100 and 4200 m s 1 of a 500-mm-diameter steel sphere on a thick sample of graphite. In a second step, dynamic loadings have been performed with a high-power nanosecond laser facility. High-resolution X-ray tomographies and observations with a scanning electron microscope have been performed in order to visualize the crater shape and the subsurface cracks. These two post-mortem diagnostics also provide evidence that, in the case of HVI tests, the fragmented steel sphere was buried into the graphite target below the crater surface. The current study aims to propose an interpretation of the results, including projectile trapping. In spite of their efficiency to capture overall trends in crater size and shape, semi-empirical scaling laws do not usually predict these phenomena. Hence, to offer better insight into the processes leading to this observation, the need for a computational damage model is argued. After discussing energy partitioning in order to identify the dominant physical mechanisms occurring in our experiments, we propose a simple damage model for porous and brittle materials. Compaction and fracture phenomena are included in the model. A failure criterion relying on Weibull theory is used to relate material tensile strength to deformation rate and damage. These constitutive relations have been implemented in an Eulerian hydrocode in order to compute numerical simulations and confront them with experiments. In this paper, we propose a simple fitting procedure of the unknown Weibull parameters based on HVI results. Good agreement is found with experimental observations of crater shapes and dimensions, as well as debris velocity. The projectile inclusion below the crater is also reproduced by the model and a mechanism is proposed for the trapping process. At least two sets of Weibull parameters can be used to match the results. Finally, we show that laser experiment simulations may discriminate in favor of one set of parameters
Phosphate availability affects the tonoplast localization of PLDzeta2, an Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase D.

Under phosphate deprivation, higher plants change their lipid composition and recycle phosphate from phospholipids. A phospholipase D, PLDzeta2, is involved in this recycling and in other cellular functions related to plant development. We investigated the localization of Arabidopsis PLDzeta2 by cell fractionation and in vivo GFP confocal imaging. AtPLDzeta2 localizes to the tonoplast and the Nter regulatory domain is sufficient for its sorting. Under phosphate deprivation, AtPLDzeta2 remains located in the tonoplast but its distribution is uneven. We observed PLDzeta2-enriched tonoplast domains preferentially positioned close to mitochondria and beside chloroplasts. In absence of PLDzeta2, membrane developments were visualized inside vacuoles
Pulsating red giant stars in eccentric binary systems discovered from Kepler space-based photometry : A sample study and the analysis of KIC 5006817

International audienceContext. The unparalleled photometric data obtained by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope has led to improved understanding of red giant stars and binary stars. Seismology allows us to constrain the properties of red giants. In addition to eclipsing binaries, eccentric non-eclipsing binaries that exhibit ellipsoidal modulations have been detected with Kepler.Aims. We aim to study the properties of eccentric binary systems containing a red giant star and to derive the parameters of the primary giant component.Methods. We applied asteroseismic techniques to determine the masses and radii of the primary component of each system. For a selected target, light and radial velocity curve modelling techniques were applied to extract the parameters of the system and its primary component. Stellar evolution and its effects on the evolution of the binary system were studied from theoretical models.Results. The paper presents the asteroseismic analysis of 18 pulsating red giants in eccentric binary systems, for which masses and radii were constrained. The orbital periods of these systems range from 20 to 440 days. The results of our ongoing radial velocity monitoring programme with the Hermes spectrograph reveal an eccentricity range of e = 0.2 to 0.76. As a case study we present a detailed analysis of KIC 5006817, whose rich oscillation spectrum allows for detailed seismic analysis. From seismology we constrain the rotational period of the envelope to be at least 165 d, which is roughly twice the orbital period. The stellar core rotates 13 times faster than the surface. From the spectrum and radial velocities we expect that the Doppler beaming signal should have a maximum amplitude of 300 ppm in the light curve. Fixing the mass and radius to the asteroseismically determined values, we find from our binary modelling a value of the gravity darkening exponent that is significantly larger than expected. Through binary modelling, we determine the mass of the secondary component to be 0.29 ± 0.03 M⊙.Conclusions. For KIC 5006817 we exclude pseudo-synchronous rotation of the red giant with the orbit. The comparison of the results from seismology and modelling of the light curve shows a possible alignment of the rotational and orbital axis at the 2σ level. Red giant eccentric systems could be progenitors of cataclysmic variables and hot subdwarf B stars
Fast simulated annealing in $\R^d$ and an application to maximum likelihood estimation

28 pagesInternational audienceUsing classical simulated annealing to maximise a function $\psi$ defined on a subset of $\R^d$, the probability $\p(\psi(\theta_n)\leq \psi_{\max}-\epsilon)$ tends to zero at a logarithmic rate as $n$ increases; here $\theta_n$ is the state in the $n$-th stage of the simulated annealing algorithm and $\psi_{\max}$ is the maximal value of $\psi$. We propose a modified scheme for which this probability is of order $n^{-1/3}\log n$, and hence vanishes at an algebraic rate. To obtain this faster rate, the exponentially decaying acceptance probability of classical simulated annealing is replaced by a more heavy-tailed function, and the system is cooled faster. We also show how the algorithm may be applied to functions that cannot be computed exactly but only approximated, and give an example of maximising the log-likelihood function for a state-space model
Rare occurrence of Whipple Disease in a young\ud
female patient with a fatal outcome

Whipple Disease is a rare chronic multi-systemic disease caused by the ubiquitous environmental Gram-positive bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It can be fatal if untreated. Here we describe the fatal outcome in a 27-year-old Caucasian female patient with a three-month history of persistent fever, anemia, weight loss and diarrhea. The final resolution of the diagnostic process\ud
was only reached after the patient’s death thanks to autopsy. The case depicted is a classic Whipple\ud
Disease histologically characterized by digestive involvement based on positive periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemical analysis for T. whipplei and systemic involvement (pericarditis,\ud
brain lipid storage, renal fat embolism). The case reported here is of interest because the\ud
patient was a woman and also young, characteristics which do not meet the classical epidemiological\ud
features of this elusive and troubling disease
The longtime behavior of a nonlinear Reissner-Mindlin plate with exponentially decreasing memory kernels

In this paper we investigate the longtime behavior of the mathematical model of a homogeneous viscoelastic plate based on Reissner–Mindlin deformation shear assumptions. According to the approximation procedure due to Lagnese for the Kirchhoff viscoelastic plate, the resulting motion equations for the vertical displacement and the angle deﬂection of vertical ﬁbers are derived in the framework of the theory of linear viscoelasticity. Assuming that in general both Lame’s functions, λ and μ, depend on time, the coupling terms between the equations of displacement and deﬂection depend on hereditary contributions. We associate to the model a nonlinear semigroup and show the behavior of the energy when time goes on. In particular, assuming that the kernels λ and μ decay exponentially, and not too weakly with respect to the physical properties considered in the model, then the energy decays uniformly with respect to the initial conditions; i.e., we prove the existence of an absorbing set for the semigroup associated to the model
Synthesis of beta-benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanine derivatives by one pot palladium-catalyzed borylation and Suzuki coupling (BSC) and metal-assisted intramolecular cyclization : studies of fluorescence and antimicrobial activity

Palladium-catalyzed borylation and Suzuki coupling (BSC) in a one pot procedure was successfully applied to the synthesis of several beta-substituted dehydrophenylalanines in the benzo[b]thiophene series maintaining the stereochemistry of the starting materials.  Bromobenzo[b]thiophenes bearing an ortho EDG (OMe or Me) were  used as the components to be borylated with pinacolborane. Pure stereoisomers of beta-bromodehydrophenylalanines were used as the other Suzuki coupling component. Treatment of the methyl ester of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(Z)-beta-(2,3,5-trimethylbenzo[b]thien-6-yl)dehydrophenylalanine thus obtained, with 
Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2  in DMF at 160 oC gave two indole derivatives (1:3). The major product  resulting from isomerization and cyclization and the minor product resulting from direct cyclization (thienoindole). Reaction at 100 oC gave the same products in similar amounts. Using as starting material the methyl ester of N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(Z)-beta-(2,3,7-trimethylbenzo[b]thien-6-yl)dehydrophenylalanine gave only one product, resulting from isomerization and cyclization at 100 oC. Two of the cyclized compounds were submitted to fluorescence studies; the thienoindole could be used as a fluorescent probe. Preliminary studies of antimicrobial activity were performed on the precursors and on the cyclized products.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - 
POCTI/99/QUI/32689, SFRH/BD/4709/2001
A randomised, double-blind, four-way, crossover trial comparing the 24-h FEV₁ profile for once-daily versus twice-daily treatment with olodaterol, a novel long-acting β₂-agonist, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: This randomised, double-blind, four-way, crossover, Phase II study compared the 24-h forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) profile of alternative dosing frequencies of two total daily doses of olodaterol (5 and 10 mu g) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: Patients received olodaterol 2 mu g twice daily (BID), 5 mu g BID, 5 mu g once daily (QD) and 10 mu g QD in a randomised sequence over 3-week treatment periods. Co-primary end points were FEV, area under the curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12)) and area under the curve from 12 to 24 h (AUC(12-24)) responses. Additional lung-function responses, pharmacokinetics and safety were assessed.
Results: 47 patients were treated. All olodaterol doses provided significant increases in FEV, versus baseline (p < 0.001) and FEV, time profiles were nearly identical for olodaterol 5 and 10 mu g QD. Olodaterol 5 pg QD demonstrated improved FEV, AUC(0-12) and similar AUC(12-24) versus 2 mu g BID. Olodaterol 5 mu g QD showed slightly increased FEV, AUC(0-12) but lower AUC(12-24) compared to 5 mu g BID. Bronchodilation over 24 h was similar for olodaterol 5 pg QD and BID. All doses were well tolerated.
Conclusions: Olodaterol 5 pg QD is efficacious in COPD, with a superior bronchodilatory profile compared to 2 mu g BID, which is close to the same total daily dose, and a similar degree of bronchodilation over 24 h compared with double the daily dose (administered as 10 pg QD or 5 mu g BID)
ZnO nanorod/GaN light-emitting diodes : the origin of yellow and violet emission bands under reverse and forward bias

ZnO nanorods have been prepared by electrodeposition under identical conditions on various p-GaN-based thin film structures. The devices exhibited lighting up under both forward and reverse biases, but the turn-on voltage and the emission color were strongly dependent on the p-GaN-based structure used. The origin of different luminescence peaks under forward and reverse bias has been studied by comparing the devices with and without ZnO and by photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. We found that both yellow-orange emission under reverse bias and violet emission under forward bias, which are commonly attributed to ZnO, actually originate from the p-GaN substrate and/or surface/interface defects. While the absolute brightness of devices without InGaN multiple quantum wells was low, high brightness with luminance exceeding 10 000 cd/m² and tunable emission (from orange at 2.1 V to blue at 2.7 V, with nearly white emission with Commission internationale de l’éclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.30, 0.31) achieved at 2.5 V) was obtained for different devices containing InGaN multiple quantum wells.Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringAuthor name used in this publication: Xinyi ChenAuthor name used in this publication: Alan Man Ching NgAuthor name used in this publication: Aleksandra B DjurišićAuthor name used in this publication: Kok Wai CheahAuthor name used in this publication: Patrick Wai Keung Fong2011-2012 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalpublished_fina
Item Transformation for Computer Assisted Language Testing: The Adaptation of the Spanish University Entrance Examination

Since the Spanish Educational system is changing and promoting the use of online tests, it was necessary to study the transformation of test items in the 'Spanish University Entrance Examination' (IB P.A.U.) to diminish the effect of test delivery changes (through its computerization) in order to affect the least the current model. The purpose of this study was to describe and suggest the properties of a new test item taxonomy for the Spanish University Entrance Examination. After a convenient study and piloting by using previous research in computer-based language testing, the researchers created a taxonomy of test items for the I.B. PAU Keywords: Language test; item design; computers; educational change; washbac
Quasielastic versus inelastic and deep inelastic lepton scattering in nuclei at x>1

We have made a thorough investigation of the nuclear structure function W_2A in the region of 0.8 < x < 1.5 and Q^2 < 20 GeV^2, separating the quasielastic and inelastic plus deep inelastic contributions. The agreement with present experimental data is good giving support to the results for both channels. Predictions are made in yet unexplored regions of x and Q^2 to assert the weight of the quasielastic or inelastic channels. We find that at Q^2 < 4 GeV^2 the structure function is dominated by the quasielastic contributions for x < 1.5, while for values of Q^2 > 15 GeV^2 and the range of x studied the inelastic channels are over one order of magnitude bigger than the quasielastic one. The potential of the structure function at x > 1 as a source of information on nuclear correlations is stressed once more
Optimization of Lc/ms (APCI) + Methods for the Determination of Possible Lutein Oxidation Products in Plasma and Tissues of Adult Rats

In spite of lutein and its isomer zeaxanthin being richly available in natural sources, the role of these components on reduction of age-related macular degeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders suggested that an update of the analytical procedure is required to determine the oxidative products and to understand their nutritional significance. In the present study, we have standardized and developed an improved method to obtain characteristic ions of lutein, zeaxanthin, and its major oxidative products in vivo (rats) using LC–MS (APCI)+. In addition, lutein and zeaxanthin isomer were separated on a C30 column with shorter run time with high resolution and calibrated on the basis of picomolar concentration on HPLC (DAD), with the lower detection limit of 0.125 for lutein and 0.128 pmol for zeaxanthin. Characteristic mass spectral ion for lutein is m/z 568.7 [M]+ and 551.5 [M + H–H2O]+ and for zeaxanthin isomer is m/z 568.8 [M]+, 569.8 [M + H]+. Further, optimized conditions produced structurally characteristic fragmented ions under standardized MS (APCI)+ conditions. Total ionic chromatogram together with fine UV–Visible and mass spectra were used to differentiate lutein isomers and its oxidative products, such as 523 [M+ + H+–3CH3], 479 [M+ + H+–6CH3], 551 [M+ + H+–H2O], 276.43 [M+–C22H19O], di-epoxides and 3′-oxolutein. The APCI mass spectral characteristics of major oxidative products of lutein in adult rat tissues are reported here for the first time, to our knowledge. These findings could provide new insights into lutein bioavailability and bioconversions with respect to health benefits
Jet-like correlations with neutral pion triggers in pp and central Pb-Pb
  collisions at 2.76 TeV

We present measurements of two-particle correlations with neutral pion
trigger particles of transverse momenta $8 < p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm trig} <
16~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ and associated charged particles of $0.5 <
p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc} < 10~\mathrm{GeV}/c$ versus the azimuthal angle
difference $\Delta\varphi$ at midrapidity in pp and central Pb-Pb collisions at
$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with ALICE. The new measurements exploit
associated charged hadrons down to $0.5~\mathrm{GeV}/c$, which significantly
extends our previous measurement that only used charged hadrons above
$3~\mathrm{GeV}/c$. After subtracting the contributions of the flow background,
$v_2$ to $v_5$, the per-trigger yields are extracted for $|\Delta\varphi|<0.7$
on the near and for $|\Delta\varphi-\pi| < 1.1$ on the away side. The ratio of
per-trigger yields in Pb--Pb to those in pp collisions, $I_{\mathrm{AA}}$, is
measured on the near and away side for the $0$--$10$\% most central Pb--Pb
collisions. On the away side, the per-trigger yields in Pb--Pb are strongly
suppressed to the level of $I_{\mathrm{AA}} \approx 0.6$ for
$p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc} > 3~\mathrm{GeV}/c$, while with decreasing momenta
an enhancement develops reaching about $5$ at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc}$.
On the near side, an enhancement of $I_{\mathrm{AA}}$ between $1.2$ at the
highest to $1.8$ at the lowest $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc}$ is observed. The
data are compared to parton-energy-loss predictions of the JEWEL and AMPT event
generators, as well as to a perturbative QCD calculation with medium-modified
fragmentation functions. All calculations qualitatively describe the away-side
suppression at high $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc}$. Only AMPT captures the
enhancement at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\rm assoc}$, both on the near and away
side. However, it also underpredicts $I_{\mathrm{AA}}$ above $5$ GeV/$c$, in
particular on the near-side.Comment: 26 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 20,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/302
The Return of the King: No-Scale ${\cal F}$-$SU(5)$

We revisit the viable parameter space in No-Scale ${\cal F}$-$SU(5)$,
examining the Grand Unified Theory within the context of the prevailing gluino
mass limits established by the LHC. The satisfaction of both the No-Scale
boundary condition and the experimentally measured Standard Model (SM) like
Higgs boson mass requires a lower limit on the gluino mass in the model space
of about 1.9 TeV, which maybe not coincidentally is the current LHC
supersymmetry search bound. This offers a plausible explanation as to why a
supersymmetry signal has thus far not been observed at the LHC. On the
contrary, since the vector-like flippon particles are relatively heavy due to
the strict condition that the supersymmetry breaking soft term $B_{\mu}$ must
vanish at the unification scale, we also cannot address the recently vanished
750 GeV diphoton resonance at the 13 TeV LHC. Therefore, No-Scale ${\cal
F}$-$SU(5)$ returns as a King after the spurious 750 GeV diphoton excess was
gone with the wind.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1602.0137
Chern-Simons-matter dualities with $SO$ and $USp$ gauge groups

In the last few years several dualities were found between the low-energy
behaviors of Chern-Simons-matter theories with unitary gauge groups coupled to
scalars, and similar theories coupled to fermions. In this paper we generalize
those dualities to orthogonal and symplectic gauge groups. In particular, we
conjecture dualities between $SO(N)_k$ Chern-Simons theories coupled to $N_f$
real scalars in the fundamental representation, and $SO(k)_{-N+N_f/2}$ coupled
to $N_f$ real (Majorana) fermions in the fundamental. For $N_f=0$ these are
just level-rank dualities of pure Chern-Simons theories, whose precise form we
clarify. They lead us to propose new gapped boundary states of topological
insulators and superconductors. For $k=1$ we get an interesting low-energy
duality between $N_f$ free Majorana fermions and an $SO(N)_1$ Chern-Simons
theory coupled to $N_f$ scalar fields (with $N_f \leq N-2$).Comment: 35 page
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in dileptonic decays of top quark pairs in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.5 (2015): 061 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)A measurement of the top-antitop (tt¯) charge asymmetry is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 of LHC pp collisions at a centreof-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Events with two charged leptons, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum are selected. Two observables are studied: AC ℓℓ based on the identified charged leptons, and (Formula Presented.), based on the reconstructed tt final state. The asymmetries are measured to be (Formula Presented.). The measured values are in agreement with the Standard Model prediction
Innovating the built environment to accelerate sustainable development – the Integrated Habitat Approach.

The Universal Sustainable Habitat Development (USHD) is an integrated infrastructure development platform. Habitat in this instance refers to the built environment, apropos sustainable community buildings that meet their constituent needs through provision of integrated renewable energy technologies within the fabric of the building. Widespread stakeholder consultation has transformed USHD from a verbal model into a series of implementable collaborations that emphasise the need to incorporate not just the equipment into resilient buildings but also conduct long-term monitoring, evaluation, research, training and education programmes