pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Extraction of ms and |Vus| from Hadronic Tau Decays

6 páginas, 2 tablas.-- Comunicación presentada al Congreso TAU04 celebrado del 14 al 17 de Septiembre de 2004 en Nara (Japón).-- arXiv:hep-ph/0411278v1We review recent work to determine the strange quark mass ms as well as the proposal to determine |Vus| using hadronic τ decay data. The recent update of the strange spectral function by OPAL and their moments of the invariant mass distribution are employed. Our results are |Vus|=0.2208±0.0034 and ms(2GeV)=81±22 MeV. Our result is already competitive to the standard extraction of |Vus| from Ke3 decays and to the new proposals to determine it. The error on |Vus| is dominated by experiment and will be eventually much improved by the B-factories hadronic τ data. Ultimately, a simultaneous fit to both ms and |Vus| to a set of moments of the hadronic τ decays invariant mass distribution will provide one of the most accurate determinations of these Standard Model parameters.This work has been supported in part by the European Union (EU) RTN Network EURIDICE Grant No. HPRN_CT2002-00311 (A.P. and J.P.), by German BMBF under Contract No. 05HT4WOA/3 (M.J.), by MCYT (Spain) and FEDER (EU) Grants No. FPA2001-3031 (M.J. and A.P.) and FPA2003-09298-C02-01 (J.P.), and by Junta de Andalucía Grant No. FQM-101 (J.P.). E.G. is indebted to the EU for a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship.Peer reviewe
Supersymmetric black holes in N = 8 supergravity

28 páginas, 1 figura, 1 tabla.-- El Pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print: arXiv:hep-th/9512177v2We study the embedding of extreme (multi-) dilaton black hole solutions for the values of the parameter a = √3, 1, 1/√3, 0 in N = 4 and N = 8 four-dimensional supergravity. For each black hole solution we find different embeddings in N = 4 supergravity which have different numbers of unbroken supersymmetries. When embedded in N = 8 supergravity, all different embeddings of the same solution have the same number of unbroken supersymmetries. Thus, there is a relation between the value of the parameter a and the number of unbroken supersymmetries in N = 8 supergravity, but not in N = 4, and the different embeddings must be related by dualities of the N = 8 theory which are not dualities of the N = 4 theory. The only exception in this scheme is a dyonic embedding of the a = 0 black-hole solution which seems to break all supersymmetries both in the N = 4 and in the N = 8 theories.R.K. was supported by a World Laboratory Fellowship.Peer reviewe
Search for supersymmetry in events with a lepton, a photon, and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

A search is performed for an excess of events, over the standard model expectations, with a photon, a lepton, and large missing transverse energy in pp collisions at Ös = 7TeV. Such events are expected in many new physics models, in particular a supersymmetric theory that is broken via a gauge-mediated mechanism, when the lightest charged and neutral gauginos are mass degenerate. The data sample used in this search corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. No evidence of such an excess above the standard model backgrounds, dominated by W production, is found. The results are presented as 95% confidence level upper limits on the cross section for a benchmark gauge-mediated scenario, and are then converted into exclusion limits on the squark, gluino, and wino masses.Peer Reviewe
Concurrent eruptions at Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano: casualty or causality?

Anecdotes of concurrent eruptions at Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Southern Italy) have persisted for more than
2000 years and volcanologists in recent and past times have hypothesized a causal link among these volcanoes.
Here this hypothesis is tested. To introduce the problem and provide examples of the type of expected volcanic
phenomena, narratives of the most notable examples of concurrent eruptions are provided. Then the frequency
of eruptions at each individual volcano is analysed for about the last 300 years and the expected probability of
concurrent eruptions is calculated to compare it to the observed probability. Results show that the occurrence of
concurrent eruptions is often more frequent than a random probability, particularly for the Stromboli-Vulcano
pair. These results are integrated with a statistical analysis of the earthquake catalogue to find evidence of linked
seismicity in the Etnean and Aeolian areas. Results suggest a moderate incidence of non-random concurrent
eruptions, but available data are temporally limited and do not allow an unequivocal identification of plausible
triggers; our results, however, are the first attempt to quantify a more-than-2000-years-old curious observation
and constitute a starting point for more sophisticated analyses of new data in the future. We look forward to our
prediction of a moderate incidence of concurrent eruptions being confirmed or refuted with the passage of time
and occurrence of new events
Associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The study aimed to examine the associations between objectively measured sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health in a population with known risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: This study reports data from two ongoing diabetes prevention programmes. Participants with known risk factors were recruited from primary care practices located within the East Midlands, UK, over the period 2010-2011. ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers (15 s epochs) were used to assess sedentary time (<25 counts per 15 s), MVPA (≥ 488 counts per 15 s) and total physical activity (total counts). A break was considered as any interruption in sedentary time (≥ 25 counts per 15 s). Linear regression examined the independent association of sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time, MVPA and total physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health. RESULTS: The sample comprised 878 participants; 153 from Project STAND (Sedentary Time And Diabetes) (age 32.9 ± 5.6 years, 28.8% male) and 725 from Walking Away from Diabetes (age 63.7 ± 7.8 years, 64.8% male). Following adjustment for various covariates, including MVPA and BMI, there were detrimental linear associations of sedentary time with 2 h plasma glucose (standardised beta coefficient) (β = 0.220, p < 0.001), triacylglycerol (β = 0.206, p = 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (β = -0.123, p = 0.029). Breaks in sedentary time, total physical activity and MVPA were significantly inversely associated with measures of adiposity, but not with any other cardiometabolic variables after adjustment for sedentary time and BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, time spent sedentary is strongly and adversely associated with cardiometabolic health and may be a more important indicator of poor health than MVPA.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
The development of a heat wave vulnerability index for London, United Kingdom.

The health impacts of heat waves are an emerging environmental health concern. This is especially so for large cities where there is a concentration of people and because of the urban heat island effect. Temperatures within cities can reach stressful levels during extreme temperature events. To better manage heat related health risks, information is required on the intra-urban variability of vulnerability to heat wave events. Accordingly a heat vulnerability index (HVI) is developed and presented for Greater London in the United Kingdom. The approach to HVI development adopted is an inductive one whereby nine proxy measures of heat risk are extracted from the 2001 London census for 4765 census districts and subject to principal components analysis. Scores for the emergent principal components are weighted according to the variance they explain and summed to form the HVI. Although mapping of the HVI shows what appears to be a heterogeneous heat “risk-scape” statistical testing reveals significant spatial clustering of areas of high heat vulnerability in central and east London which also co-occur with areas of potentially high heat exposure. Drivers of the spatial pattern of heat vulnerability are discussed as are the implications of study results for heat risk management in large cities
Distinct shifts in microbiota composition during Drosophila aging impair intestinal function and drive mortality.

Alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota have been correlated with aging and measures of frailty in the elderly. However, the relationships between microbial dynamics, age-related changes in intestinal physiology, and organismal health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, characterized by an expansion of the Gammaproteobacteria, is tightly linked to age-onset intestinal barrier dysfunction in Drosophila. Indeed, alterations in the microbiota precede and predict the onset of intestinal barrier dysfunction in aged flies. Changes in microbial composition occurring prior to intestinal barrier dysfunction contribute to changes in excretory function and immune gene activation in the aging intestine. In addition, we show that a distinct shift in microbiota composition follows intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to systemic immune activation and organismal death. Our results indicate that alterations in microbiota dynamics could contribute to and also predict varying rates of health decline during aging in mammals
Folate acts in E. coli to accelerate C. elegans aging independently of bacterial biosynthesis.

Folates are cofactors for biosynthetic enzymes in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Animals cannot synthesize folate and must acquire it from their diet or microbiota. Previously, we showed that inhibiting E. coli folate synthesis increases C. elegans lifespan. Here, we show that restriction or supplementation of C. elegans folate does not influence lifespan. Thus, folate is required in E. coli to shorten worm lifespan. Bacterial proliferation in the intestine has been proposed as a mechanism for the life-shortening influence of E. coli. However, we found no correlation between C. elegans survival and bacterial growth in a screen of 1,000+ E. coli deletion mutants. Nine mutants increased worm lifespan robustly, suggesting specific gene regulation is required for the life-shortening activity of E. coli. Disrupting the biosynthetic folate cycle did not increase lifespan. Thus, folate acts through a growth-independent route in E. coli to accelerate animal aging
Governance traps in climate change politics : re-framing the debate in terms of responsibilities and rights

There is a strong sense of malaise surrounding climate politics today. This has been created at least in part by factors such as the chasm between the scale of action required and the adequacy of current political commitments, stalemate in global negotiations, the low price of carbon, and a growing sense of indifference among the publics of some developed countries about the threat posed by climate change. Within the policy community these issues are generally treated as different problems each to be overcome on their own terms. Yet, we argue, suggested solutions to these problems hold much in common-namely a focus on identifying agency, whether the capacity of institutions to act or the behavior of individuals. What is often missing from such accounts of climate politics is a recognition that the problems of how agency is attributed, what we might term governance traps, are structural in nature. Governing climate change therefore requires that we study the conditions through which these challenges arise and which in turn serve to frame agency in particular ways. We suggest that examining the ways in which notions of responsibilities and rights are currently being framed within climate politics provides one way into these dynamics. This opens up the critical questions that need to be addressed ahead of the critical Conference of the Parties meeting in Paris in November 2015
A network of filaments detected by Herschel in the Serpens Core: A
  laboratory to test simulations of low-mass star formation

Filaments represent a key structure during the early stages of the star
formation process. Simulations show filamentary structure commonly formed
before and during the formation of cores. Aims. The Serpens Core represents an
ideal laboratory to test the state-of-the-art of simulations of turbulent Giant
Molecular Clouds. We use Herschel observations of the Serpens Core to compute
temperature and column density maps of the region. Among the simulations of
Dale et al. (2012), we select the early stages of their Run I, before stellar
feedback is initiated, with similar total mass and physical size as the Serpens
Core. We derive temperature and column density maps also from the simulations.
The observed distribution of column densities of the filaments has been
analysed first including and then masking the cores. The same analysis has been
performed on the simulations as well. A radial network of filaments has been
detected in the Serpens Core. The analysed simulation shows a striking
morphological resemblance to the observed structures. The column density
distribution of simulated filaments without cores shows only a log-normal
distribution, while the observed filaments show a power-law tail. The power-law
tail becomes evident in the simulation if one focuses just on the column
density distribution of the cores. In contrast, the observed cores show a flat
distribution. Even though the simulated and observed filaments are subjectively
similar-looking, we find that they behave in very different ways. The simulated
filaments are turbulence-dominated regions, the observed filaments are instead
self-gravitating structures that will probably fragment into cores.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&A. Main text: 12 pages, 7 figure
Derivation of instanton rate theory from first principles

Instanton rate theory is used to study tunneling events in a wide range of
systems including low-temperature chemical reactions. Despite many successful
applications, the method has never been obtained from first principles, relying
instead on the "ImF" premise. In this paper, the same expression for the rate
of barrier penetration at finite temperature is rederived from quantum
scattering theory [W. H. Miller, S. D. Schwartz, and J. W. Tromp, J. Chem.
Phys. 79, 4889 (1983)] using a semiclassical Green's function formalism. This
justifies the instanton approach and provides a route to deriving the rate of
other processes.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
SUSY's Ladder: Reframing Sequestering at Large Volume

Theories with approximate no-scale structure, such as the Large Volume
Scenario, have a distinctive hierarchy of multiple mass scales in between TeV
gaugino masses and the Planck scale, which we call SUSY's Ladder. This is a
particular realization of Split Supersymmetry in which the same small parameter
suppresses gaugino masses relative to scalar soft masses, scalar soft masses
relative to the gravitino mass, and the UV cutoff or string scale relative to
the Planck scale. This scenario has many phenomenologically interesting
properties, and can avoid dangers including the gravitino problem, flavor
problems, and the moduli-induced LSP problem that plague other supersymmetric
theories. We study SUSY's Ladder using a superspace formalism that makes the
mysterious cancelations in previous computations manifest. This opens the
possibility of a consistent effective field theory understanding of the
phenomenology of these scenarios, based on power-counting in the small ratio of
string to Planck scales. We also show that four-dimensional theories with
approximate no-scale structure enforced by a single volume modulus arise only
from two special higher-dimensional theories: five-dimensional supergravity and
ten-dimensional type IIB supergravity. This gives a phenomenological argument
in favor of ten dimensional ultraviolet physics which is different from
standard arguments based on the consistency of superstring theory.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures, version accepted for publication in JHE
High-throughput automated scoring of Ki67 in breast cancer tissue microarrays from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC)

Automated methods are needed to facilitate high-throughput and reproducible scoring of Ki67 and\ud
other markers in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) in large-scale studies. To address this need,\ud
we developed an automated protocol for Ki67 scoring and evaluated its performance in studies from\ud
the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). We utilised 166 TMAs containing 16,953 tumour\ud
cores representing 9,059 breast cancer cases, from 13 studies, with information on other clinical and\ud
pathological characteristics. TMAs were stained for Ki67 using standard immunohistochemical\ud
procedures, and scanned and digitised using the Ariol system. An automated algorithm was developed\ud
for the scoring of Ki67, and scores were compared to computer assisted visual (CAV) scores in a\ud
subset of 15 TMAs in a training set. We also assessed the correlation between automated Ki67 scores\ud
and other clinical and pathological characteristics. Overall, we observed good discriminatory accuracy\ud
(AUC = 85%) and good agreement (kappa= 0.64) between the automated and CAV scoring methods\ud
in the training set. The performance of the automated method varied by TMA (kappa range= 0.37 –\ud
0.87) and study (kappa range= 0.39 – 0.69). The automated method performed better in satisfactory\ud
cores (kappa= 0.68) than suboptimal (kappa= 0.51) cores (p-value for comparison= 0.005); and\ud
among cores with higher total nuclei counted by the machine (4000-4,500 cells: kappa= 0.78) than\ud
those with lower counts (50-500 cells: kappa= 0.41; p-value = 0.010). Among the 9,059 cases in this\ud
study, the correlations between automated Ki67 and clinical and pathological characteristics were\ud
found to be in the expected directions. Our findings indicate that automated scoring of Ki67 can be an\ud
efficient method to obtain good quality data across large numbers of TMAs from multicentre studies.\ud
However, robust algorithm development and rigorous pre- and post-analytical quality control\ud
procedures are necessary in order to ensure satisfactory performance
'Peter is a dumb nut’: Status Updates and Reactions to Them as ‘Acts of Positioning’ in Facebook

This paper applies the theoretical concept of ‘acts of positioning’ (Davis & Harré 1990) to a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 474 status updates (SUs) taken from the Facebook Walls of twenty individuals living in Switzerland and the UK. Our aim is to analyze how individuals construct their identities through the use of language. The results show that individuals position themselves in five central ways, i.e., they stress aspects of their personality, pastime endeavors, sense of humor, work and relationship. Through a subsequent analysis of 228 reactions to status updates (RSUs), we also address how these acts are responded to, and thereby demonstrate that individuals predominantly support identity claims made in the SUs. Our paper contributes to existing research on language and identity in social network sites (SNSs), and demonstrates the fruitful application of the concept of ‘acts of positioning’.published_or_final_versio
Elimination and nonlinear equations of Rees algebra

International audienceA new approach is established to computing the image of a rational map, whereby the use of approximation complexes is complemented with a detailed analysis of the torsion of the symmetric algebra in certain degrees. In the case the map is everywhere defined this analysis provides free resolutions of graded parts of the Rees algebra of the base ideal in degrees where it does not coincide with the corresponding symmetric algebra. A surprising fact is that the torsion in those degrees only contributes to the first free module in the resolution of the symmetric algebra modulo torsion. An additional point is that this contribution -- which of course corresponds to non linear equations of the Rees algebra -- can be described in these degrees in terms of non Koszul syzygies via certain upgrading maps in the vein of the ones introduced earlier by J. Herzog, the third named author and W. Vasconcelos. As a measure of the reach of this torsion analysis we could say that, in the case of a general everywhere defined map, half of the degrees where the torsion does not vanish are understood
Measurement of the electroweak production of dijets in association with a z-boson and distributions sensitive to vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Measurements of fiducial cross sections for the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z-boson are presented. The measurements are performed using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of = 8 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The electroweak component is extracted by a fit to the dijet invariant mass distribution in a fiducial region chosen to enhance the electroweak contribution over the dominant background in which the jets are produced via the strong interaction. The electroweak cross sections measured in two fiducial regions are in good agreement with the Standard Model expectations and the background-only hypothesis is rejected with significance above the 5 sigma level. The electroweak process includes the vector boson fusion production of a Z-boson and the data are used to place limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings. In addition, measurements of cross sections and differential distributions for inclusive Z-boson-plus-dijet production are performed in five fiducial regions, each with different sensitivity to the electroweak contribution. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to predictions from the Sherpa and Powheg event generators
Spanwise growth of vortex structure in wall turbulence

Recent studies of the structure of wall turbulence have lead to the development of a conceptual model that validates and integrates many elements of previous models into a relatively simple picture based on self-assembling packets of hairpin vortex eddies. By continually spawning new hairpins the packets grow longer in the streamwise direction, and by mutual induction between adjacent hairpins the hairpins are strained so that they grow taller and wider as they age. The result is a characteristic growth angle in the streamwise-wall normal plane. The spanwise growth of individual packets implies that packets must either merge or pass through each other when they come into contact. Direct numerical simulations of the growth and interaction of spanwise adjacent hairpins shows that they merge by the vortex connection mechanism originally proposed by Wark and Nagib (1990). In this mechanism the quasi-streamwise legs of two hairpins annihilate each other, by virtue of having opposite vorticity, leaving a new hairpin of approximately double the width of the individuals. PIV measurements in planes parallel to the wall support this picture. DNS of multiple hairpins shows how the spanwise scale doubles when the hairpins form an array.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe
SDiff(2) and uniqueness of the Pleba\'{n}ski equation

The group of area preserving diffeomorphisms showed importance in the
problems of self-dual gravity and integrability theory. We discuss how
representations of this infinite-dimensional Lie group can arise in
mathematical physics from pure local considerations. Then using Lie algebra
extensions and cohomology we derive the second Pleba\'{n}ski equation and its
geometry. We do not use K\"ahler or other additional structures but obtain the
equation solely from the geometry of area preserving transformations group. We
conclude that the Pleba\'{n}ski equation is Lie remarkable