pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Multi-way Space-Time-WaveVector analysis for EEG source separation

published online on Oct. 28, 2011International audienceFor the source analysis of ElectroEncephaloGraphic (EEG) data, both equivalent dipole models and more realistic distributed source models are employed. Several authors have shown that the Canonical Decomposition (or PARAFAC) of Space-Time-Frequency (STF) data can be used to fit equivalent dipoles to the electric potential data. In this paper we propose a new multi-way approach based on Space-Time-Wave-Vector (STWV) data obtained by a 3D local Fourier transform over space accomplished on the measured data. This method can be seen as a preprocessing step that separates the sources, reduces noise as well as interference and extracts the source time signals. The results can further be used to localize either equivalent dipoles or distributed sources increasing the performance of conventional source localization techniques like, for example, LORETA. Moreover, we propose a new, iterative source localization algorithm, called Binary Coefficient Matching Pursuit (BCMP), which is based on a realistic distributed source model. Computer simulations are used to examine the performance of the STWV analysis in comparison to the STF technique for equivalent dipole fitting and to evaluate the efficiency of the STWV approach in combination with LORETA and BCMP, which leads to better results in case of the considered distributed source scenarios
Thermoluminescence of a mixed rare earth phosphate powder La1−x−yCexTbyPO4

International audienceThe properties of thermoluminescence (TL) observed from various mixed rare earth (RE) phosphate powders La1−x−yCexTbyPO4 are reported. TL peaks appear around −175°C, −135°C, −80°C, −35°C and +25°C and the TL emission spectra of La1−x−yCexTbyPO4 are mainly composed of characteristic line transitions of Tb3+ ions. The results show that the co-doping with Ce3+ is not required to observe the TL emission of Tb3+. A model for the recombination mechanisms of the various TL peaks is discussed
Nanoselective area growth of GaN by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on 4H-SiC using epitaxial graphene as a mask

International audienceWe report the growth of high-quality triangular GaN nanomesas, 30-nm thick, on the C-face of 4H-SiC using nano selective area growth (NSAG) with patterned epitaxial graphene grown on SiC as an embedded mask. NSAG alleviates the problems of defective crystals in the heteroepitaxial growth of nitrides, and the high mobility graphene film can readily provide the back low-dissipative electrode in GaN-based optoelectronic devices. The process consists in first growing a 5-8 graphene layers film on the C-face of 4H- SiC by confinement-controlled sublimation of silicon carbide. The graphene film is then patterned and arrays of 75-nanometer-wide openings are etched in graphene revealing the SiC substrate. 30-nanometer-thick GaN is subsequently grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. GaN nanomesas grow epitaxially with perfect selectivity on SiC, in openings patterned through graphene, with no nucleation on graphene. The up-or-down orientation of the mesas on SiC, their triangular faceting, and cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy show that they are biphasic. The core is a zinc blende monocrystal surrounded with single-crystal hexagonal wurtzite. The GaN crystalline nanomesas have no threading dislocations, and do not show any V-pit. This NSAG process potentially leads to integration of high-quality III-nitrides on the wafer scalable epitaxial graphene / silicon carbide platform
Step-gate polysilicon nanowires field effect transistor compatible with CMOS technology for label-free DNA biosensor

International audienceCurrently, detection of DNA hybridization using fluorescence-based detection technique requires expensive optical systems and complex bioinformatics tools. Hence, the development of new low cost devices that enable direct and highly sensitive detection stimulates a lot of research efforts. Particularly, devices based on silicon nanowires are emerging as ultrasensitive electrical sensors for the direct detection of biological species thanks to their high surface to volume ratio. In this study, we propose innovative devices using step-gate polycrystalline silicon nanowire FET (poly-Si NW FETs), fabricated with simple and low cost fabrication process, and used as ultrasensitive electronic sensor for DNA hybridization. The poly-SiNWs are synthesized using the sidewall spacer formation technique. The detailed fabrication procedure for a step-gate NWFET sensor is described in this paper. No-complementary and complementary DNA sequences were clearly discriminated and detection limit to 1fM range is observed. This first result using this nano-device is promising for the development of low cost and ultrasensitive polysilicon nanowires based DNA sensors compatible with the CMOS technology
Analysis of a large number of Markov chains competing for transitions

International audienceWe consider the behavior of a stochastic system composed of several identically distributed, but non independent, discrete-time absorbing Markov chains competing at each instant for a transition. The competition consists in determining at each instant, using a given probability distribution, the only Markov chain allowed to make a transition. We analyze the first time at which one of the Markov chains reaches its absorbing state. When the number of Markov chains goes to infinity, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of the system for an arbitrary probability mass function governing the competition. We give conditions for the existence of the asymptotic distribution and we show how these results apply to cluster-based distributed systems when the competition between the Markov chains is handled by using a geometric distribution
Super-resolution in map-making based on a physical instrument model and regularized inversion. Application to SPIRE/Herschel.

International audienceWe investigate super-resolution methods for image reconstruction from data provided by a family of scanning instruments like the Herschel observatory. To do this, we constructed a model of the instrument that faithfully reflects the physical reality, accurately taking the acquisition process into account to explain the data in a reliable manner. The inversion, \ie the image reconstruction process, is based on a linear approach resulting from a quadratic regularized criterion and numerical optimization tools. The application concerns the reconstruction of maps for the SPIRE instrument of the Herschel observatory. The numerical evaluation uses simulated and real data to compare the standard tool (coaddition) and the proposed method. The inversion approach is capable to restore spatial frequencies over a bandwidth four times that possible with coaddition and thus to correctly show details invisible on standard maps. The approach is also applied to real data with significant improvement in spatial resolution
A bond graph model of the cardiovascular system.

International audienceThe study of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has shown to provide useful indicators for risk stratification and early detection on a variety of cardiovascular pathologies. However, data gathered during different tests of the ANS are difficult to analyse, mainly due to the complex mechanisms involved in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS). Although model-based analysis of ANS data has been already proposed as a way to cope with this complexity, only a few models coupling the main elements involved have been presented in the literature. In this paper, a new model of the CVS, representing the ventricles, the circulatory system and the regulation of the CVS activity by the ANS, is presented. The models of the vascular system and the ventricular activity have been developed using the Bond Graph formalism, as it proposes a unified representation for all energetic domains, facilitating the integration of mechanic and hydraulic phenomena. In order to take into account the electro-mechanical behaviour of both ventricles, an electrophysiologic model of the cardiac action potential, represented by a set of ordinary differential equations, has been integrated. The short-term ANS regulation of heart rate, cardiac contractility and peripheral vasoconstriction is represented by means of continuous transfer functions. These models, represented in different continuous formalisms, are coupled by using a multi-formalism simulation library. Results are presented for two different autonomic tests, namely the Tilt Test and the Valsalva Manoeuvre, by comparing real and simulated signals
Internal frequency conversion extreme ultraviolet interferometer using mutual coherence properties of two high-order-harmonic sources

International audienceWe report on an innovative two-dimensional imaging extreme ultraviolet (XUV) interferometer operating at 32 nm based on the mutual coherence of two laser high order harmonics (HOH) sources, separately generated in gas. We give the first evidence that the two mutually coherent HOH sources can be produced in two independent spatially separated gas jets, allowing for probing centimeter-sized objects. A magnification factor of 10 leads to a micron resolution associated with a subpicosecond temporal resolution. Single shot interferograms with a fringe visibility better than 30% are routinely produced. As a test of the XUV interferometer, we measure a maximum electronic density of 3×10^20 cm^−3 1.1 ns after the creation of a plasma on aluminum target
Using coarse remote sensing radar observations to control the trajectory of a simple Sahelian land suiface model

In the Sahel, land surface processes are significantly interacting with climate dynamics. In this paper, we present an original method to control a simple Sahelian land surface model coupled to a radiative transfer model (RTM) on the basis of ERS wind scatterometer (WSC) observations. In a first step, a sensitivity study is implemented to identify those parameters of the land surface model that can be estimated through the assimilation of WSC data. The assimilation scheme relies on evolution strategies (ES) algorithm that aims at solving the parameter evaluation problem. These algorithms are particularly well suited for complex (nonlinear) inverse problems. The assimilation scheme is applied to several study sites located in the Sahelian mesoscale site of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Project (Gourma region, Mali). The results are compared with ground observations of herbaceous mass. After the WSC data assimilation, the simulated herbaceous mass curves compare well with observations [187 kilogram of dry matter per hectare (kg DM/ha) of average error]. The simulated water fluxes exhibit a behaviour in agreement with ground measurements performed over similar ecosystems during the Hapex Sahel experiment. The accuracy of estimated herbaceous mass and water fluxes resulting from uncertainties on climatic forcing variable is evaluated using a stochastic approach. The average error on the herbaceous mass values mainly depends on the rainfall estimate accuracy and ranges from 139 to 268 kg DM/ha that compares well with a previous study based on the sole inversion of the radiative transfer model. Finally, this study underlines the need for a multispectral assimilation approach to get a better constraint on water fluxes estimation. D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Parallel image restoration using surrogate constraint methods

Cataloged from PDF version of article.When formulated as a system of linear inequalities, the image restoration problem yields huge, unstructured, sparse matrices even for images of small size. To solve the image restoration problem, we use the surrogate constraint methods that can work efficiently for large problems. Among variants of the surrogate constraint method, we consider a basic method performing a single block projection in each step and a coarse-grain parallel version making simultaneous block projections. Using several state-of-the-art partitioning strategies and adopting different communication models, we develop competing parallel implementations of the two methods. The implementations are evaluated based on the per iteration performance and on the overall performance. The experimental results on a PC cluster reveal that the proposed parallelization schemes are quite beneficial. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Quantification of excess risk for diabetes for those born in times of hunger, in an entire population of a nation, across a century

Based on a unique dataset comprising all 325,000 Austrian patients that were under pharmaceutical treatment for diabetes during 2006 and 2007, we measured the excess risk of developing diabetes triggered by undernourishment in early life. We studied the percentage of all diabetes patients in the total population specifically for each year of birth, from 1917 to 2007. We found a massive excess risk of diabetes in people born during the times of the three major famines and immediately after, which occurred in Austria in the 20th century: 1918-1919, 1938, and 1946-1947. Depending on the region, there was an up to 40% higher chance of having diabetes when born in 1919-1921, compared with 1918 or 1922, where age-specific typical diabetes ratios are observed. The excess risk for diabetes was practically absent in those provinces of Austria that were less affected by the famines. We show that diabetes rates exhibit nontrivial, age-specific sex differences, and correlate with the economic wealth of the region. Our results might be of relevance for establishing higher awareness in the health system for those born in high-risk years, and underline the importance of ensuring sufficient nutrition in prenatal and early stages of life
New complexity results for parallel identical machine scheduling problems with preemption, release dates and regular criteria

International audienceIn this paper, we are interested in parallel identical machine scheduling problems with preemption and release dates in case of a regular criterion to be minimized. We show that solutions having a permutation flow shop structure are dominant if there exists an optimal solution with completion times scheduled in the same order as the release dates, or if there is no release date. We also prove that, for a subclass of these problems, the completion times of all jobs can be ordered in an optimal solution. Using these two results, we provide new results on polynomially solvable problems and hence refine the boundary between P and NP for these problems
Poincaré-Cosserat equations for Lighthill three-dimensional dynamic model of a self propelled eel devoted to Robotics

International audienceIn this article, we propose a dynamic model of the three-dimensional eel swim. This model is analytical and suited to the on-line control of eel-like robots. The proposed solution is based on the Large Amplitude Elongated Body Theory of Lighthill and a working frame recently proposed in [1] for the dynamic modeling of hyper-redundant robots. This working frame was named "macro-continuous" since at this macroscopic scale, the robot (or the animal) is considered as a Cosserat beam internally (and continuously) actuated. This article proposes new results in two directions. Firstly, it achieves an extension of the Lighthill theory to the case of a self propelled body swimming in three dimensions, while including a model of the internal control torque. Secondly, this generalization of the Lighthill model is achieved due to a new set of equations which is also derived in this article. These equations generalize the Poincaré equations of a Cosserat beam to the case of an open system containing a fluid stratified around the slender beam
Efficient binary reconstruction for non destructive evaluation using gammagraphy

International audienceThe localization and the sizing of 3D flaws within a homogeneous metallic media is a major task for non destructive evaluation (NDE). This paper adresses the problem of the reconstruction of such flaws using an efficient binary algorithm. Basically, the method rests on the fact that a simple binary constraint suffices for an accurate and robust reconstructions in the context of NDE. A heuristic minimization, computationally attractive, is designed in order to provide fast reconstructions. The proposed algorithm is compared with standard binary (the iterated conditional mode algorithm) and non binary (penalized approach with convex potentials Gibbs random fields) reconstruction techniques
Bioactivity of phenolic acids: Metabolites versus parent compounds: A review

Phenolic acids are present in our diet in different foods. In particular, mushrooms are a
good source of these molecules. Due to their bioactive properties, phenolic acids are
extensively studied and there is evidence of their role in disease prevention.
Nevertheless, in vivo, these compounds are metabolized and circulate in the organism as
glucuronated, sulfated and methylated metabolites, displaying higher or lower
bioactivity. To clarify the importance of the metabolism of phenolic acids, the
knowledge about the bioactivity of the metabolites is extremely important.
In this review, chemical features, biosynthesis and bioavailability of phenolic acids are
discussed as well as the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of their metabolites. Finally,
the metabolites bioactive properties are compared with that of the corresponding
parental compounds.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) and
FEDER-COMPETE/QREN/EU for the financial support through the research centres
(PEst-C/QUI/UI0686/2011 and PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011). S.A. Heleno
(BD/70304/2010) also thanks FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE for her grant
p-Si/beta-FeSi2/n-Si double-heterostructure light-emitting diodes achieving 1.6  µm electroluminescence of 0.4 mW at room temperature

Electroluminescence at an emission power of over 0.4 mW is achieved at an emission wavelength of 1.6  µm using a p-Si/beta-FeSi2/n-Si double-heterostructure light-emitting diode. This emission power is obtained at room temperature under current injection of 460 mA, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of approximately 0.1%. Photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements for devices with different thicknesses of beta-FeSi2 indicate that radiative recombination rate increased as the thickness of the beta-FeSi2 active layer is increased
Quantitative gait analysis of patients with bilateral hip osteoarthritis excluding the influence of walking speed

Background  The purpose of this study was to investigate gait characteristics of patients with bilateral hip osteoarthritis (BHO) independent of walking speed. 
	Methods  We measured gait parameters in 12 BHO patients during free walking activities and in 12 normal adults during both free walking and slow walking activities using a three-dimensional computerized gait analysis system. 
	Results  Patients with BHO had a lower walking speed, step length, and cadence than normal subjects during free walking. When compared with normal subjects walking at a slow speed, the walking speed difference among BHO patients disappeared, although BHO patients retained a relatively high cadence. Kinematic and kinetic factor analysis of BHO patients at free speed compared to normal subjects walking at a slow speed showed a forward-tilted pelvic angle in the BHO patients that dropped to that of the ipsilateral side during the stance phase. The peak extension and abduction angle of the hip and the peak abduction moment of the hip were all low, whereas the peak generation power of the ankle was high in BHO patients. 
	Conclusions  Gait characteristics of patients with BHO, independent of walking speed, were as follows: (1) increased cadence and ankle generation power; (2) reduced step width, hip extension, and abduction angle as well as a lower hip abduction moment; (3) maintained forward tilting of the pelvis during gait cycle; and (4) appearance of a dropped pelvis during the stance phase
The cognitive-affective-conative model of destination image:  A confirmatory analysis

Destination image influences tourist behaviour before, during and after travel, as it is an important instrument which contributes to tourists’ loyalty. Although Gartner (1993) advocates that the cognitive, affective and conative dimensions of destination image are hierarchically interrelated, there is no empirical evidence to support the complete model. This study aims to test the hierarchical nature of the relationship between the dimensions of destination image. The results of structural equation modelling confirm Gartner’s theoretical model, validating the theory that the influence of the cognitive component on the conative dimension is higher when mediated by the affective component, raising managerial implications
The Case For A Victimology of Nonhuman Animal Harms

For the last twenty years 'victimology', the study of crime victims and victimisation has developed markedly. Like its 'parent' discipline of criminology, however, very little work has been done in this field around the notion of environmental victimisation. Like criminology itself, victimology has been almost exclusively anthropocentric in its outlook and indeed even more recent discussions of environmental victims - prompted by the development of green criminology - have failed to consider in any depth the victimisation of nonhuman animals. In this paper, we examine the shortfall in provision for and discussions of nonhuman animal victims with reference to Christie's (1986) notion of the 'ideal victim' and Boutellier's concept of the 'victimalization of morality'. We argue that as victimology has increasingly embraced concepts of victimisation based on 'social harms' rather than strict legalistic categorises, its rejection of nonhuman victims from the ambit of study is no longer conceptually or philosophically justified
Towards adaptation to climate change: water for rice in the coastal wetlands of Doñana, Southern Spain

Rice production in coastal wetlands provides critical ecosystem services that range from flood control to wildlife habitat. In the Iberian Peninsula rice was introduced in the 10th Century. Today Iberian rice accounts for about one quarter of the total rice production of the European Union, almost exclusively cultivated in the coastal wetlands of Spain, with permanent flooding. The intensive water management required to produce rice stands at a crucial point since freshwater supply is deteriorating at an unprecedented rate. Here we explore flexible adaptation options to climate change in the Doñana wetlands - a world heritage and biodiversity site - from two points of view: What are the policy options for agricultural water management in view of climate change? How can informed stakeholders contribute to better adaptation? The first question is addressed by simulating water availability to farmers with the WAAPA model under a range of adaptation policy options derived from the view of the local communities. The second question was addressed by means of participatory research. Adaptation options are framed according to the local environmental, social and policy context. Results suggest that perception on the potential role of new water infrastructure and farming subsidies dominates the view of local communities. The choices of the stakeholders that could be simulated with the hydrological model, were quantified in terms of additional water availability for the rice farming, therefore providing a quantitative measure to the qualitative solutions. Information provided during the study shaped the final adaptation options developed. Our research contributes to the definition of sustainable rice production in Europe