pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
N=1 Heterotic/F-Theory Duality

We review aspects of N=1 duality between the heterotic string and F-theory.
After a description of string duality intended for the non-specialist the
framework and the constraints for heterotic/F-theory compactifications are
presented. The computations of the necessary Calabi-Yau manifold and vector
bundle data, involving characteristic classes and bundle moduli, are given in
detail. The matching of the spectrum of chiral multiplets and of the number of
heterotic five-branes respectively F-theory three-branes, needed for anomaly
cancellation in four-dimensional vacua, is pointed out. Several examples of
four-dimensional dual pairs are constructed where on both sides the geometry of
the involved manifolds relies on del Pezzo surfaces.Comment: 82pp,late
Renormalization of ${}^1S_0$ NN scattering amplitude in effective field
  theory

Cutoff regularized subleading order ${}^1S_0$ NN potential of effective field
theory (EFT) is iterated using Lippmann-Schwinger equation. It is shown that
the scattering amplitudes calculated in cutoff and subtractively renormalized
EFT are equal up to the accuracy of performed calculations. Non-perturbative
renormalization, where part of divergences are absorbed into two contact
interaction coupling constants with subsequent removal of regularization is
also performed. Cutoff and dimensional regularizations both lead to finite but
different results within this scheme.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, to be published in Phys. Lett.
Almost rejectionless sampling from Nakagami-m distributions (m≥1)

The Nakagami-m distribution is widely used for the simulation of fading channels in wireless communications. A novel, simple and extremely efficient acceptance-rejection algorithm is introduced for the generation of independent Nakagami-m random variables. The proposed method uses another Nakagami density with a half-integer value of the fading parameter, mp=n/2=m, as proposal function, from which samples can be drawn exactly and easily. This novel rejection technique is able to work with arbitrary values of m=1, average path energy, =, and provides a higher acceptance rate than all currently available methods.Publicad
Turbulence in the solar wind: spectra from Voyager 2 data at 5 AU

Fluctuations in the flow velocity and magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the
Solar System. These fluctuations are turbulent, in the sense that they are
disordered and span a broad range of scales in both space and time. The study
of solar wind turbulence is motivated by a number of factors all keys to the
understanding of the Solar Wind origin and thermodynamics. The solar wind
spectral properties are far from uniformity and evolve with the increasing
distance from the sun. Most of the available spectra of solar wind turbulence
were computed at 1 astronomical unit, while accurate spectra on wide frequency
ranges at larger distances are still few. In this paper we consider solar wind
spectra derived from the data recorded by the Voyager 2 mission during 1979 at
about 5 AU from the sun. Voyager 2 data are an incomplete time series with a
voids/signal ratio that typically increases as the spacecraft moves away from
the sun (45% missing data in 1979), making the analysis challenging. In order
to estimate the uncertainty of the spectral slopes, different methods are
tested on synthetic turbulence signals with the same gap distribution as V2
data. Spectra of all variables show a power law scaling with exponents between
-2.1 and -1.1, depending on frequency subranges. Probability density functions
(PDFs) and correlations indicate that the flow has a significant intermittency.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Discussion improved since the previous versio
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): On the correct
  recovery of the count-in-cell probability distribution function

We compare three methods to measure the count-in-cell probability density
function of galaxies in a spectroscopic redshift survey. From this comparison
we found that when the sampling is low (the average number of object per cell
is around unity) it is necessary to use a parametric method to model the galaxy
distribution. We used a set of mock catalogues of VIPERS, in order to verify if
we were able to reconstruct the cell-count probability distribution once the
observational strategy is applied. We find that in the simulated catalogues,
the probability distribution of galaxies is better represented by a Gamma
expansion than a Skewed Log-Normal. Finally, we correct the cell-count
probability distribution function from the angular selection effect of the
VIMOS instrument and study the redshift and absolute magnitude dependency of
the underlying galaxy density function in VIPERS from redshift $0.5$ to $1.1$.
We found very weak evolution of the probability density distribution function
and that it is well approximated, independently from the chosen tracers, by a
Gamma distribution.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Search for heavy lepton resonances decaying to a $Z$ boson and a lepton
  in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy leptons decaying to a $Z$ boson and an electron or a muon
is presented. The search is based on $pp$ collision data taken at $\sqrt{s}=8$
TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to
an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$. Three high-transverse-momentum
electrons or muons are selected, with two of them required to be consistent
with originating from a $Z$ boson decay. No significant excess above Standard
Model background predictions is observed, and 95% confidence level limits on
the production cross section of high-mass trilepton resonances are derived. The
results are interpreted in the context of vector-like lepton and type-III
seesaw models. For the vector-like lepton model, most heavy lepton mass values
in the range 114-176 GeV are excluded. For the type-III seesaw model, most mass
values in the range 100-468 GeV are excluded.Comment: 20 pages plus author list + cover pages (37 pages total), 8 figures,
  3 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-08
Computing transition rates for the 1-D stochastic
  Ginzburg--Landau--Allen--Cahn equation for finite-amplitude noise with a rare
  event algorithm

In this paper we compute and analyse the transition rates and duration of
reactive trajectories of the stochastic 1-D Allen-Cahn equations for both the
Freidlin-Wentzell regime (weak noise or temperature limit) and finite-amplitude
white noise, as well as for small and large domain. We demonstrate that
extremely rare reactive trajectories corresponding to direct transitions
between two metastable states are efficiently computed using an algorithm
called adaptive multilevel splitting. This algorithm is dedicated to the
computation of rare events and is able to provide ensembles of reactive
trajectories in a very efficient way. In the small noise limit, our numerical
results are in agreement with large-deviation predictions such as
instanton-like solutions, mean first passages and escape probabilities. We show
that the duration of reactive trajectories follows a Gumbel distribution like
for one degree of freedom systems. Moreover, the mean duration growths
logarithmically with the inverse temperature. The prefactor given by the
potential curvature grows exponentially with size. The main novelty of our work
is that we also perform an analysis of reactive trajectories for large noises
and large domains. In this case, we show that the position of the reactive
front is essentially a random walk. This time, the mean duration grows linearly
with the inverse temperature and quadratically with the size. Using a
phenomenological description of the system, we are able to calculate the
transition rate, although the dynamics is described by neither
Freidlin--Wentzell or Eyring--Kramers type of results. Numerical results
confirm our analysis
Measurement of the CP-violating weak phase phi[s] and the decay width
  difference Delta Gamma[s] using the Bs to J/Psi phi(1020) decay channel in pp
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The CP-violating weak phase phi[s] of the Bs meson and the decay width
difference Delta Gamma[s] of the Bs light and heavy mass eigenstates are
measured with the CMS detector at the LHC using a data sample of Bs to J/Psi
phi(1020) to mu+mu-K+K- decays. The analysed data set corresponds to an
integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected in pp collisions at
a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. A total of 49,200 reconstructed Bs decays are
used to extract the values of phi[s] and Delta Gamma[s] by performing a
time-dependent and flavour-tagged angular analysis of the mu+mu-K+K- final
state. The weak phase is measured to be phi[s] = -0.075 +/- 0.097 (stat) +/-
0.031 (syst) rad, and the decay width difference is Delta Gamma[s] = 0.095 +/-
0.013 (stat) +/- 0.007 (syst) inverse picoseconds.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference. All figures
  and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/BPH-13-012/index.htm
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in sick listed chronic low back pain patients

Background: Previous findings have shown a high degree of comorbid psychopathology
in chronic low back pain (CLBP), but less is known about the broad range of comorbid
psychiatric disorders. The prevalence is reported to be between 40%-100% depending on
methods being used, sample or setting.
Aims: To assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity in a population of CLBP
patients, using a psychiatric diagnostic interview.
Methods: 565 patients sick listed between 2 and 10 months for unspecific LBP were
included in the study. All were recruited as part of an ongoing trial in secondary care, and
were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), which is a
short structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders.
Results: The prevalence of current psychiatric disorders was 31%. The diagnoses
included 19 Axis I disorders, with the most common being somatoform disorders (18%)
and anxiety disorders (12%). Major depressive disorders were reported in 4%. There
were no gender differences in prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
Conclusions: In a large population of CLBP patients, 31% fulfilled the criteria for at
least one current psychiatric disorder when measured with a diagnostic interview. The
diagnoses included a wide range of psychiatric disorders, with the most common being
somatoform disorders (18%) and anxiety disorders (12%). The results imply that
screening CLBP patients for psychiatric comorbidity in secondary care is important since
psychopathology may have serious consequences for prognosis, outcome and health care
utilization
Search for long-lived neutral particles decaying into lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at  √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

Several models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict neutral particles that decay into final states consisting of collimated jets of light leptons and hadrons (socalled “lepton jets”). These particles can also be long-lived with decay length comparable to, or even larger than, the LHC detectors’ linear dimensions. This paper presents the results of a search for lepton jets in proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8TeV in a sample of 20.3 fb−1 collected during 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Limits on models predicting Higgs boson decays to neutral long-lived lepton jets are derived as a function of the particle’s proper decay length
First-Line afatinib versus chemotherapy in patients with non–small cell lung cancer and common epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and brain metastases

Introduction\ud
\ud
Metastatic spread to the brain is common in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but these patients are generally excluded from prospective clinical trials. The studies, phase III study of afatinib or cisplatin plus pemetrexed in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutations (LUX-Lung 3) and a randomized, open-label, phase III study of BIBW 2992 versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for patients with stage IIIB or IV adenocarcinoma of the lung harbouring an EGFR activating mutation (LUX-Lung 6) investigated first-line afatinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy in epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutation-positive patients with NSCLC and included patients with brain metastases; prespecified subgroup analyses are assessed in this article.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
For both LUX-Lung 3 and LUX-Lung 6, prespecified subgroup analyses of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and objective response rate were undertaken in patients with asymptomatic brain metastases at baseline (n = 35 and n = 46, respectively). Post hoc analyses of clinical outcomes was undertaken in the combined data set (n = 81).\ud
\ud
Results\ud
\ud
In both studies, there was a trend toward improved PFS with afatinib versus chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases (LUX-Lung 3: 11.1 versus 5.4 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, p = 0.1378; LUX-Lung 6: 8.2 versus 4.7 months, HR = 0.47, p = 0.1060). The magnitude of PFS improvement with afatinib was similar to that observed in patients without brain metastases. In combined analysis, PFS was significantly improved with afatinib versus with chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases (8.2 versus 5.4 months; HR, 0.50; p = 0.0297). Afatinib significantly improved the objective response rate versus chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. Safety findings were consistent with previous reports.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
\ud
These findings lend support to the clinical activity of afatinib in EGFR mutation–positive patients with NSCLC and asymptomatic brain metastases
Marginal modelling of multivariate categorical data

This paper describes likelihood methods of analysis for multivariate categorical data. The joint distribution is specified in terms of marginal mean functions, and pairwise and higher order association measures. For the association, the emphasis is on global odds ratios. The method allows flexible formulation of a broad class of designs, such as repeated measurements, longitudinal studies, interrater agreement and cross-over trials. The proposed model can be used for parameter estimation and hypothesis testing. Simple fitting algorithms are proposed. The method is illustrated using a data example.status: publishe
The role of the nucleon recoil in low-energy meson nucleus reactions

The role of the nucleon recoil corrections in low-energy meson-nucleus interactions is examined. We demonstrate explicitly when calculations within the static approximation are justified and when the recoil terms need to be kept explicitly in the propagators, depending on whether the S-wave two-nucleon intermediate state is Pauli blocked or not, while the meson is in flight. While the effect is studied in detail for pid scattering only, a large class of other reactions is discussed for which the findings are relevant as well. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Quantum probes of timelike naked singularities in the weak field regime of f ( R ) global monopole spacetime

The formation of a naked singularity in f ( R ) global monopole spacetime is considered in view of quantum mechanics. Quantum test fields obeying the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Maxwell equations are used to probe the classical timelike naked singularity developed at r  = 0. We prove that the spatial derivative operator of the fields fails to be essentially self-adjoint. As a result, the classical timelike naked singularity formed in f ( R ) global monopole spacetime remains quantum mechanically singular when it is probed with quantum fields having different spin structures. Pitelli and Letelier ( Phys. Rev. D 80 (2009) 104035) had shown that for quantum scalar ( spin 0) probes the general relativistic global monopole singularity remains intact. For specific modes electromagnetic ( spin 1) and Dirac field ( spin 1 / 2) probes, however, we show that the global monopole spacetime behaves quantum mechanically regular. The admissibility of this singularity is also incorporated within the Gubser’s singularity conjecture
Black holes as bubble nucleation sites

We consider the effect of inhomogeneities on the rate of false vacuum decay. Modelling the inhomogeneity by a black hole, we construct explicit Euclidean instantons which describe the nucleation of a bubble of true vacuum centred on the inhomogeneity. We find that inhomogeneity significantly enhances the nucleation rate over that of the Coleman-de Luccia instanton — the black hole acts as a nucleation site for the bubble. The effect is larger than previously believed due to the contributions to the action from conical singularities. For a sufficiently low initial mass, the original black hole is replaced by flat space during this process, as viewed by a single causal patch observer. Increasing the initial mass, we find a critical value above which a black hole remnant survives the process. This resulting black hole can have a higher mass than the original black hole, but always has a lower entropy. We compare the process to bubble-to-bubble transitions, where there is a semi-classical Lorentzian description in the WKB approximation
Human capital and international portfolio diversification:a reappraisal

We study the implications of human capital hedging for international portfolio choice. First, we document that, at the household level, the degree of home country bias in equity holdings is increasing in the labor income to financial wealth ratio. Second, we show that a heterogeneous agent model in which households face short selling constraints and labor income risk, calibrated to match both micro and macro labor income and asset returns data, can both rationalize this finding and generate a large aggregate home country bias in portfolio holdings. Third, we find that the empirical evidence supporting the belief that the human capital hedging motive should skew domestic portfolios toward foreign assets, is driven by an econometric misspecification rejected by the data
Quantitative assignment of reaction directionality in a multicompartmental human metabolic reconstruction.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.\ud
This article is open access.Reaction directionality is a key constraint in the modeling of genome-scale metabolic networks. We thermodynamically constrained reaction directionality in a multicompartmental genome-scale model of human metabolism, Recon 1, by calculating, in vivo, standard transformed reaction Gibbs energy as a function of compartment-specific pH, electrical potential, and ionic strength. We show that compartmental pH is an important determinant of thermodynamically determined reaction directionality. The effects of pH on transport reaction thermodynamics are only seen to their full extent when metabolites are represented as pseudoisomer groups of multiple protonated species. We accurately predict the irreversibility of 387 reactions, with detailed propagation of uncertainty in input data, and manually curate the literature to resolve conflicting directionality assignments. In at least half of all cases, a prediction of a reversible reaction directionality is due to the paucity of compartment-specific quantitative metabolomic data, with remaining cases due to uncertainty in estimation of standard reaction Gibbs energy. This study points to the pressing need for 1), quantitative metabolomic data, and 2), experimental measurement of thermochemical properties for human metabolites
The mysterious optical afterglow spectrum of GRB140506A at z=0.889

Context. Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows probe sightlines to star-forming regions in distant star-forming galaxies. Here we present a study of the peculiar afterglow spectrum of the z = 0.889Swift GRB 140506A.\ud
\ud
Aims. Our aim is to understand the origin of the very unusual properties of the absorption along the line of sight.\ud
\ud
Methods. We analyse spectroscopic observations obtained with the X-shooter spectrograph mounted on the ESO/VLT at two epochs 8.8 h and 33 h after the burst, and with imaging from the GROND instrument. We also present imaging and spectroscopy of the host galaxy obtained with the Magellan telescope.\ud
\ud
Results. The underlying afterglow appears to be a typical afterglow of a long-duration GRB. However, the material along the line of sight has imprinted very unusual features on the spectrum. First, there is a very broad and strong flux drop below 8000 Å (~4000 Å in the rest frame), which seems to be variable between the two spectroscopic epochs. We can reproduce the flux-drops both as a giant 2175 Å extinction bump and as an effect of multiple scattering on dust grains in a dense environment. Second, we detect absorption lines from excited H i and He i. We also detect molecular absorption from CH+.\ud
\ud
Conclusions. We interpret the unusual properties of these spectra as reflecting the presence of three distinct regions along the line of sight: the excited He i absorption originates from an H ii-region, whereas the Balmer absorption must originate from an associated photodissociation region. The strong metal line and molecular absorption and the dust extinction must originate from a third, cooler region along the line of sight. The presence of at least three separate regions is reflected in the fact that the different absorption components have different velocities relative to the systemic redshift of the host galaxy.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Detailed Analysis of the Solution Heat Treatment of a Third-Generation Single-Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy CMSX-10K((R))

A detailed analysis of the response of as-cast third-generation single-crystal nickel-based superalloy CMSX-10K® to solution heat treatment (SHT) has been carried out, alongside an SHT optimization exercise. The analysis was conducted through microstructural characterization, differential scanning calorimetry, and compositional homogeneity measurements, quantifying (i) the dissolution and microstructural evolution of the inter-dendritic constituents, (ii) the shift in thermo-physical characteristics of the material, and (iii) the change in compositional homogeneity across the microstructure, in order to gain further understanding of these phenomena during the progression of the SHT. During the early stages of SHT, the coarse cellular γ′/narrow γ channel inter-dendritic constituents which were the last areas to solidify during casting, progressively dissolve; homogenization between these inter-dendritic areas and adjacent dendritic areas leads to a rapid increase in the incipient melting temperature T IM. The fine γ/γ′ morphology which were the first inter-dendritic constituents to solidify after primary γ dendrite solidification were found to progressively coarsen; however, subsequent dissolution of these coarsened γ/γ′ inter-dendritic areas did not result in significant increases in the T IM until the near-complete dissolution of these inter-dendritic areas. After the final SHT step, residual compositional micro-segregation could still be detected across the microstructure despite the near-complete dissolution of these remnant inter-dendritic areas; even so the T IM of the material approached the solidus temperature of the alloy.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio