pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal associations of road traffic noise and air pollution in London: Implications for epidemiological studies

AbstractRoad traffic gives rise to noise and air pollution exposures, both of which are associated with adverse health effects especially for cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms may differ. Understanding the variability in correlations between these pollutants is essential to understand better their separate and joint effects on human health.We explored associations between modelled noise and air pollutants using different spatial units and area characteristics in London in 2003–2010.We modelled annual average exposures to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h, Lden, LAeq,16h, Lnight) for ~190,000 postcode centroids in London using the UK Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) method. We used a dispersion model (KCLurban) to model nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, total and the traffic-only component of particulate matter ≤2.5μm and ≤10μm. We analysed noise and air pollution correlations at the postcode level (~50 people), postcodes stratified by London Boroughs (~240,000 people), neighbourhoods (Lower layer Super Output Areas) (~1600 people), 1km grid squares, air pollution tertiles, 50m, 100m and 200m in distance from major roads and by deprivation tertiles.Across all London postcodes, we observed overall moderate correlations between modelled noise and air pollution that were stable over time (Spearman's rho range: |0.34–0.55|). Correlations, however, varied considerably depending on the spatial unit: largest ranges were seen in neighbourhoods and 1km grid squares (both Spearman's rho range: |0.01–0.87|) and was less for Boroughs (Spearman's rho range: |0.21–0.78|). There was little difference in correlations between exposure tertiles, distance from road or deprivation tertiles.Associations between noise and air pollution at the relevant geographical unit of analysis need to be carefully considered in any epidemiological analysis, in particular in complex urban areas. Low correlations near roads, however, suggest that independent effects of road noise and traffic-related air pollution can be reliably determined within London
Effective Computability of Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations The Thousand Monkeys Approach

AbstractIn this note we consider the computability of the solution of the initial-value problem for ordinary differential equations with continuous right-hand side. We present algorithms for the computation of the solution using the “thousand monkeys” approach, in which we generate all possible solution tubes, and then check which are valid. In this way, we show that the solution of a differential equation defined by a locally Lipschitz function is computable even if the function is not effectively locally Lipschitz. We also recover a result of Ruohonen, in which it is shown that if the solution is unique, then it is computable, even if the right-hand side is not locally Lipschitz. We also prove that the maximal interval of existence for the solution must be effectively enumerable open, and give an example of a computable locally Lipschitz function which is not effectively locally Lipschitz
Four leptons production in e−e+ collisions from 3–3–1 model

AbstractWe study the process e−+e+→e++e++e−+e− for ILC and CLIC energy regimes, in the minimal 3–3–1 model framework. The main contributions, for the production of two bileptons each one decaying into two same-sign leptons, come from s-channel annihilation (via γ,Z and Z′) and t-channel electron exchange. We evaluate the number of events for an extra neutral gauge boson mass MZ′ in the range 1 TeV to 3 TeV. We compare some distributions from 3–3–1 model with the Standard Model background in order to extract a possible signature of the contribution of bilepton and Z′ for the process. From our analysis we conclude that our results give clear signals for physics beyond the Standard Model in e−e+ colliders
The Salmonella Effector SteD Mediates MARCH8-Dependent Ubiquitination of MHC II Molecules and Inhibits T Cell Activation

SummaryThe SPI-2 type III secretion system (T3SS) of intracellular Salmonella enterica translocates effector proteins into mammalian cells. Infection of antigen-presenting cells results in SPI-2 T3SS-dependent ubiquitination and reduction of surface-localized mature MHC class II (mMHCII). We identify the effector SteD as required and sufficient for this process. In Mel Juso cells, SteD localized to the Golgi network and vesicles containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8 and mMHCII. SteD caused MARCH8-dependent ubiquitination and depletion of surface mMHCII. One of two transmembrane domains and the C-terminal cytoplasmic region of SteD mediated binding to MARCH8 and mMHCII, respectively. Infection of dendritic cells resulted in SteD-dependent depletion of surface MHCII, the co-stimulatory molecule B7.2, and suppression of T cell activation. SteD also accounted for suppression of T cell activation during Salmonella infection of mice. We propose that SteD is an adaptor, forcing inappropriate ubiquitination of mMHCII by MARCH8 and thereby suppressing T cell activation
The basic principles of uncertain information fusion. An organised review of merging rules in different representation frameworks

AbstractWe propose and advocate basic principles for the fusion of incomplete or uncertain information items, that should apply regardless of the formalism adopted for representing pieces of information coming from several sources. This formalism can be based on sets, logic, partial orders, possibility theory, belief functions or imprecise probabilities. We propose a general notion of information item representing incomplete or uncertain information about the values of an entity of interest. It is supposed to rank such values in terms of relative plausibility, and explicitly point out impossible values. Basic issues affecting the results of the fusion process, such as relative information content and consistency of information items, as well as their mutual consistency, are discussed. For each representation setting, we present fusion rules that obey our principles, and compare them to postulates specific to the representation proposed in the past. In the crudest (Boolean) representation setting (using a set of possible values), we show that the understanding of the set in terms of most plausible values, or in terms of non-impossible ones matters for choosing a relevant fusion rule. Especially, in the latter case our principles justify the method of maximal consistent subsets, while the former is related to the fusion of logical bases. Then we consider several formal settings for incomplete or uncertain information items, where our postulates are instantiated: plausibility orderings, qualitative and quantitative possibility distributions, belief functions and convex sets of probabilities. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified picture of fusion rules across various uncertainty representation settings
The higher derivative regularization and quantum corrections in N=2 supersymmetric theories

AbstractWe construct a new version of the higher covariant derivative regularization for a general N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory formulated in terms of N=1 superfields. This regularization preserves both supersymmetries of the classical action, namely, the invariance under the manifest N=1 supersymmetry and under the second hidden on-shell supersymmetry. The regularizing N=2 supersymmetric higher derivative term is found in the explicit form in terms of N=1 superfields. Thus, N=2 supersymmetry is broken only by the gauge fixing procedure. Then we analyze the exact NSVZ β-function and prove that in the considered model its higher loop structure is determined by the anomalous dimension of the chiral superfield Φ in the adjoint representation which is the N=2 superpartner of the gauge superfield V. Using the background field method we find that this anomalous dimension is related with the anomalous dimension of the hypermultiplet and vanishes if the effective action is invariant under N=2 background supersymmetry. As a consequence, in this case the higher loop contributions to β-function also vanish. The one-loop renormalization structure in the considered regularization is also studied by the explicit calculations of the one-loop renormalization constants
Carotenoids are essential for the assembly of cyanobacterial photosynthetic complexes

AbstractIn photosynthetic organisms, carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) are important for light harvesting, photoprotection and structural stability of a variety of pigment–protein complexes. Here, we investigated the consequences of altered carotenoid composition for the functional organization of photosynthetic complexes in wild-type and various mutant strains of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.Although it is generally accepted that xanthophylls do not play a role in cyanobacterial photosynthesis in low-light conditions, we have found that the absence of xanthophylls leads to reduced oligomerization of photosystems I and II. This is remarkable because these complexes do not bind xanthophylls. Oligomerization is even more disturbed in crtH mutant cells, which show limited carotenoid synthesis; in these cells also the phycobilisomes are distorted despite the fact that these extramembranous light-harvesting complexes do not contain carotenoids. The number of phycocyanin rods connected to the phycobilisome core is strongly reduced leading to high amounts of unattached phycocyanin units. In the absence of carotenoids the overall organization of the thylakoid membranes is disturbed: Photosystem II is not formed, photosystem I hardly oligomerizes and the assembly of phycobilisomes remains incomplete. These data underline the importance of carotenoids in the structural and functional organization of the cyanobacterial photosynthetic machinery
Rolle's Theorem and Negligibility of Points in Infinite Dimensional Banach Spaces

AbstractIn this note we prove that if a differentiable function oscillates between −ε and ε on the boundary of the unit ball then there exists a point in the interior of the ball in which the differential of the function has norm equal or less than ε. This kind of approximate Rolle's theorem is interesting because an exact Rolle's theorem does not hold in many infinite dimensional Banach spaces. A characterization of those spaces in which Rolle's theorem does not hold is given within a large class of Banach spaces. This question is closely related to the existence ofC1diffeomorphisms between a Banach spaceXandX\{0} which are the identity out of a ball, and we prove that such diffeomorphisms exist for everyC1smooth Banach space which can be linearly injected into a Banach space whose dual norm is locally uniformly rotund (LUR)
Bio-CCS: Co-firing of Established Greenfield and Novel, Brownfield Biomass Resources under Air, Oxygen-enriched Air and Oxy-fuel Conditions

AbstractAs demand for electricity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise technologies that reduce the environmental impact of generating electricity are sought. Within the many options a combination of co-firing of biomass and carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS) could present a negative-emission process. This work investigates co-firing of a novel brownfield and two conventional greenfield biomass reserves with coal in oxygen-enriched conditions which may enhance the efficiency of post-combustion capture units. A 20kW furnace is used to assess combustion characteristics in a range of scenarios. Results suggest oxidant staging during oxygen-enriched co-firing can exhibit lower NO emissions while achieving high combustion efficiencies
Data for proteomic analysis of murine cardiomyocytic HL-1 cells treated with siRNA against tissue factor

AbstractThis data article is related to the research article entitled Proteomics of Tissue Factor silencing in cardiomyocytic cells reveals a new role for this coagulation factor in splicing machinery control by Lento et al. [1].Tissue Factor (TF) is a key player in the coagulation cascade, but it has additional functions ranging from angiogenesis, tumour invasion and, in the heart, the maintenance of the integrity of cardiac cells. This article reports the nano-LC–MSE analysis of the cardiomyocytic HL-1 cell line proteome and describes the results obtained from a Gene Ontology analysis of those proteins affected by TF-gene silencing
Rate of escape and central limit theorem for the supercritical Lamperti problem

AbstractThe study of discrete-time stochastic processes on the half-line with mean drift at x given by μ1(x)→0 as x→∞ is known as Lamperti’s problem. We give sharp almost-sure bounds for processes of this type in the case where μ1(x) is of order x−β for some β∈(0,1). The bounds are of order t1/(1+β), so the process is super-diffusive but sub-ballistic (has zero speed). We make minimal assumptions on the moments of the increments of the process (finiteness of (2+2β+ε)-moments for our main results, so fourth moments certainly suffice) and do not assume that the process is time-homogeneous or Markovian. In the case where xβμ1(x) has a finite positive limit, our results imply a strong law of large numbers, which strengthens and generalizes earlier results of Lamperti and Voit. We prove an accompanying central limit theorem, which appears to be new even in the case of a nearest-neighbour random walk, although our result is considerably more general. This answers a question of Lamperti. We also prove transience of the process under weaker conditions than those that we have previously seen in the literature. Most of our results also cover the case where β=0. We illustrate our results with applications to birth-and-death chains and to multi-dimensional non-homogeneous random walks
Diffractive Ds production in charged current DIS

AbstractWe present a perturbative QCD calculation of diffractive Ds production in charged current deep inelastic scattering. In the two-gluon exchange model, we analyze the diffractive process νN→μ−NDs+, which may provide useful information for the gluon structure of nucleons and the diffraction mechanism in QCD. The cross section of diffractive Ds production with xBj=0.005–0.05 and Eν=50 GeV is found to be 2.7×10−5 pb. In spite of this small cross section, the high luminosity available at the ν-Factory in the future would lead to a sizable number of diffraction events
Phantom inflation and the “Big Trip”

AbstractPrimordial inflation is regarded to be driven by a phantom field which is here implemented as a scalar field satisfying an equation of state p=ωρ, with ω<−1. Being even aggravated by the weird properties of phantom energy, this will pose a serious problem with the exit from the inflationary phase. We argue, however, in favor of the speculation that a smooth exit from the phantom inflationary phase can still be tentatively recovered by considering a multiverse scenario where the primordial phantom universe would travel in time toward a future universe filled with usual radiation, before reaching the big rip. We call this transition the “Big Trip” and assume it to take place with the help of some form of anthropic principle which chooses our current universe as being the final destination of the time transition
A quantitative probabilistic investigation into the accumulation of rounding errors in numerical ODE solution

AbstractWe examine numerical rounding errors of some deterministic solvers for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from a probabilistic viewpoint. We show that the accumulation of rounding errors results in a solution which is inherently random and we obtain the theoretical distribution of the trajectory as a function of time, the step size and the numerical precision of the computer. We consider, in particular, systems which amplify the effect of the rounding errors so that over long time periods the solutions exhibit divergent behaviour. By performing multiple repetitions with different values of the time step size, we observe numerically the random distributions predicted theoretically. We mainly focus on the explicit Euler and fourth order Runge–Kutta methods but also briefly consider more complex algorithms such as the implicit solvers VODE and RADAU5 in order to demonstrate that the observed effects are not specific to a particular method
Search for a Higgs boson decaying into γ⁎γ→ℓℓγ with low dilepton mass in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractA search is described for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons, one of which has an internal conversion to a muon or an electron pair (ℓℓγ). The analysis is performed using proton–proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The events selected have an opposite-sign muon or electron pair and a high transverse momentum photon. No excess above background has been found in the three-body invariant mass range 120<mℓℓγ<150 GeV, and limits have been derived for the Higgs boson production cross section times branching fraction for the decay H→γ⁎γ→ℓℓγ, where the dilepton invariant mass is less than 20 GeV. For a Higgs boson with mH=125 GeV, a 95% confidence level (CL) exclusion observed (expected) limit is 6.7 (5.9−1.8+2.8) times the standard model prediction. Additionally, an upper limit at 95% CL on the branching fraction of H→(J/ψ)γ for the 125 GeV Higgs boson is set at 1.5×10−3
ND3, ND1 and 39kDa subunits are more exposed in the de-active form of bovine mitochondrial complex I

AbstractAn intriguing feature of mitochondrial complex I from several species is the so-called A/D transition, whereby the idle enzyme spontaneously converts from the active (A) form to the de-active (D) form. The A/D transition plays an important role in tissue response to the lack of oxygen and hypoxic deactivation of the enzyme is one of the key regulatory events that occur in mitochondria during ischaemia. We demonstrate for the first time that the A/D conformational change of complex I does not affect the macromolecular organisation of supercomplexes in vitro as revealed by two types of native electrophoresis. Cysteine 39 of the mitochondrially-encoded ND3 subunit is known to become exposed upon de-activation. Here we show that even if complex I is a constituent of the I+III2+IV (S1) supercomplex, cysteine 39 is accessible for chemical modification in only the D-form. Using lysine-specific fluorescent labelling and a DIGE-like approach we further identified two new subunits involved in structural rearrangements during the A/D transition: ND1 (MT-ND1) and 39kDa (NDUFA9). These results clearly show that structural rearrangements during de-activation of complex I include several subunits located at the junction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, in the region of the quinone binding site. De-activation of mitochondrial complex I results in concerted structural rearrangement of membrane subunits which leads to the disruption of the sealed quinone chamber required for catalytic turnover
Volume of interest-based [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET discriminates MCI converting to Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls. A European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) study

AbstractAn emerging issue in neuroimaging is to assess the diagnostic reliability of PET and its application in clinical practice. We aimed at assessing the accuracy of brain FDG-PET in discriminating patients with MCI due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Sixty-two patients with amnestic MCI and 109 healthy subjects recruited in five centers of the European AD Consortium were enrolled. Group analysis was performed by SPM8 to confirm metabolic differences. Discriminant analyses were then carried out using the mean FDG uptake values normalized to the cerebellum computed in 45 anatomical volumes of interest (VOIs) in each hemisphere (90 VOIs) as defined in the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) Atlas and on 12 meta-VOIs, bilaterally, obtained merging VOIs with similar anatomo-functional characteristics. Further, asymmetry indexes were calculated for both datasets. Accuracy of discrimination by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and the AAL VOIs was tested against a validated method (PALZ). At the voxel level SMP8 showed a relative hypometabolism in the bilateral precuneus, and posterior cingulate, temporo-parietal and frontal cortices. Discriminant analysis classified subjects with an accuracy ranging between .91 and .83 as a function of data organization. The best values were obtained from a subset of 6 meta-VOIs plus 6 asymmetry values reaching an area under the ROC curve of .947, significantly larger than the one obtained by the PALZ score. High accuracy in discriminating MCI converters from healthy controls was reached by a non-linear classifier based on SVM applied on predefined anatomo-functional regions and inter-hemispheric asymmetries. Data pre-processing was automated and simplified by an in-house created Matlab-based script encouraging its routine clinical use. Further validation toward nonconverter MCI patients with adequately long follow-up is needed
ZD1839 (Gefitinib, ‘Iressa’), an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, enhances the anti-cancer effects of TRAIL in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AbstractThe EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 (Gefitinib, ‘Iressa’) blocks the cell signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis in various cancer cells. TNF-related death apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) acts as an anticancer agent. We investigated the antitumor effects of ZD1839 alone or in combination with TRAIL against human esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) lines. Although all ESCC cells expressed EGF receptor at a protein level, the effect of ZD1839 on cell growth did not correlate with the level of EGFR expression and phosphorylation of EGF receptor protein in ESCC lines. ZD1839 caused a dose-dependent growth arrest at G0–G1 phase associated with increased p27 expression. As TE8 cells are resistant to TRAIL, we tested whether ZD1839 combined with TRAIL induced apoptosis of TE8 cells via the inhibition of EGF receptor signaling by ZD1839. ZD1839 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and inactivation of Bcl-xL. Our results indicated that ZD1839 has anti-cancer properties against human esophageal cancer cells. ZD1839 also augmented the anti-cancer activity of TRAIL, even in TRAIL-resistant tumors. These results suggest that treatment with ZD1839 and TRAIL may have potential in the treatment of ESCC patients
Analysis of width-w non-adjacent forms to imaginary quadratic bases

AbstractWe consider digital expansions to the base of an algebraic integer τ. For a w⩾2, the set of admissible digits consists of 0 and one representative of every residue class modulo τw which is not divisible by τ. The resulting redundancy is avoided by imposing the width-w non-adjacency condition. Such constructs can be efficiently used in elliptic curve cryptography in conjunction with Koblitz curves. The present work deals with analysing the number of occurrences of a fixed non-zero digit. In the general setting, we study all w-NAFs of given length of the expansion (expectation, variance, central limit theorem). In the case of an imaginary quadratic τ and the digit set of minimal norm representatives, the analysis is much more refined. The proof follows Delangeʼs method. We also show that each element of Z[τ] has a w-NAF in that setting