pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A comparison of international HRM practices by Indian and European MNEs: evidence from Africa

© 2014 Taylor & Francis. By comparing the HRM practices in Indian and European MNE subsidiaries located in four of the Southern African Development Community countries, this paper tests the relevance of the country-of-origin effect and analyses the strength of institutional and firm-level influences. Examining data from 865 MNE subsidiaries obtained from the World Bank enterprise survey data, the paper finds that Indian MNEs have higher labour costs in relation to total sales than their European counterparts, that Indian MNEs make more use of temporary labour than their European counterparts, that Indian MNEs invest in less training than their European counterparts. No support is found for the hypothesis that Indian MNEs have a lower ratio of skilled workers in comparison to European-owned subsidiaries. The study shows that country-of-origin effects are weakened if they are not consistent with host country ideology and that as economies evolve so too do their expectations of HR policy and practices
Dewatering treatments to increase dry matter content of the brown seaweed, kelp (Laminaria digitata ((Hudson) JV Lamouroux)).

Macroalgal water content is an on-going problem for the use of readily accessible seaweeds in sustainable biorefining, including fuel production. Silage is a reduced-water, compactable, easily stored, transportable material. Ensiling could establish a non-seasonal supply of preserved algal biomass, but requires high initial dry matter content to mitigate environmental pollution risks from effluent. This study investigated potential dewatering methods for kelp harvested throughout the year. Treatments included air-drying, osmotic media and acids. Significant interactions between treatment and harvest-time were observed for traits of interest. Fresh weight loss during treatment was composed of changes in water and dry matter content. Air-drying gave reliable increase in final dry matter content; in summer and autumn 30% dry matter content was reached after 24 h. Dilute hydrochloric acid reduced stickiness and rendered material suitable for dewatering by screw-pressing; it may be possible to use the consequent pH reduction to promote efficient preservation
Modelling impacts of climate change on arable crop diseases: progress, challenges and applications.

?? 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Combining climate change, crop growth and crop disease models to predict impacts of climate change on crop diseases can guide planning of climate change adaptation strategies to ensure future food security. This review summarises recent developments in modelling climate change impacts on crop diseases, emphasises some major challenges and highlights recent trends. The use of multi-model ensembles in climate change modelling and crop modelling is contributing towards measures of uncertainty in climate change impact projections but other aspects of uncertainty remain largely unexplored. Impact assessments are still concentrated on few crops and few diseases but are beginning to investigate arable crop disease dynamics at the landscape level
The Low-Frequency Environment of the Murchison Widefield Array: Radio-Frequency Interference Analysis and Mitigation

The Murchison Widefield Array is a new low-frequency interferometric radio telescope built in Western Australia at one of the locations of the future Square Kilometre Array. We describe the automated radio-frequency interference detection strategy implemented for the Murchison Widefield Array, which is based on the aoflagger platform, and present 72–231 MHz radio-frequency interference statistics from 10 observing nights. Radio-frequency interference detection removes 1.1% of the data. Radio-frequency interference from digital TV is observed 3% of the time due to occasional ionospheric or atmospheric propagation. After radio-frequency interference detection and excision, almost all data can be calibrated and imaged without further radio-frequency interference mitigation efforts, including observations within the FM and digital TV bands. The results are compared to a previously published Low-Frequency Array radio-frequency interference survey. The remote location of the Murchison Widefield Array results in a substantially cleaner radio-frequency interference environment compared to Low-Frequency Array’s radio environment, but adequate detection of radio-frequency interference is still required before data can be analysed. We include specific recommendations designed to make the Square Kilometre Array more robust to radio-frequency interference, including: the availability of sufficient computing power for radio-frequency interference detection; accounting for radio-frequency interference in the receiver design; a smooth band-pass response; and the capability of radio-frequency interference detection at high time and frequency resolution (second and kHz-scale respectively)
An ALMA Survey of Submilleter Galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South :
                    The AGN Fraction and X-Ray Properties of Submillimeter Galaxies

copyright American Astronomical SocietyThe large gas and dust reservoirs of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) could potentially provide ample fuel to trigger an active galactic nucleus (AGN), but previous studies of the AGN fraction in SMGs have been controversial largely due to the inhomogeneity and limited angular resolution of the available submillimeter surveys. Here we set improved constraints on the AGN fraction and X-ray properties of the SMGs with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Chandra observations in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (E-CDF-S). This study is the first among similar works to have unambiguously identified the X-ray counterparts of SMGs; this is accomplished using the fully submillimeter-identified, statistically reliable SMG catalog with 99 SMGs from the ALMA LABOCA E-CDF-S Submillimeter Surve
Routes Obey Hierarchy in Complex Networks

Various hypotheses exist about the paths used for communication between the
nodes of complex networks. Most studies simply suppose that communication goes
via shortest paths, while others have more explicit assumptions about how
routing (alternatively navigation or search) works or should work in real
networks. However, these assumptions are rarely checked against real data. Here
we directly analyze the structure of operational paths using real measurements.
For this purpose we use existing and newly created datasets having both the
topology of the network and a sufficient number of empirically-determined paths
over it. Such datasets are processed for air transportation networks, the human
brain, the Internet and the fit-fat-cat word ladder game. Our results suggest
that from the great number of possible paths, nature seems to pick according to
some simple rules, which we will refer to as routing policies. First we
confirm, that the preference of short paths is an inevitable policy element,
however the observed stretch of the paths suggests that there are other
policies at work simultaneously. We identify two additional policies common in
our networks: the "conform hierarchy", meaning that the paths should obey the
structural hierarchy of the network, and the "prefer downstream" policy which
promotes avoiding the network core if possible. Building upon these simple
policies, we propose a synthetic routing policy which can recover the basic
statistical properties of the operational paths in networks. Our results can be
helpful in estimating the reaction of complex systems for stress coming from
the outside more accurately than the shortest path assumption permits.Comment: 8 pages 5 figure
A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τ + τ − in pp collisions at √s =8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for high-mass resonances decaying into τ + τ −   final states using proton-proton collisions at s  √ =8  TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5-20.3 fb −1  . No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed; 95% credibility upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction of Z ′ resonances decaying into τ + τ −   pairs as a function of the resonance mass. As a result, Z ′ bosons of the Sequential Standard Model with masses less than 2.02 TeV are excluded at 95% credibility. The impact of the fermionic couplings on the Z ′ acceptance is investigated and limits are also placed on a Z ′ model that exhibits enhanced couplings to third-generation fermions
Liver fibrosis in treatment-naïve HIV-infected and HIV/HBV co-infected patients: Zambia and Switzerland compared.

OBJECTIVE\ud
\ud
To examine the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients in Zambia and Switzerland.\ud
\ud
METHODS\ud
\ud
HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy in two clinics in Zambia and Switzerland were included. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio index (APRI), with a ratio >1.5 defining significant fibrosis and a ratio >2.0 indicating cirrhosis. The association between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity, HBV replication, and liver fibrosis was examined using logistic regression.\ud
\ud
RESULTS\ud
\ud
In Zambia, 96 (13.0%) of 739 patients were HBsAg-positive compared to 93 (4.5%) of 2058 in Switzerland. HBsAg-positive patients were more likely to have significant liver fibrosis than HBsAg-negative ones: the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 3.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-7.33) in Zambia and 2.50 (95% CI 1.19-5.25) in Switzerland. Patients with a high HBV viral load (≥20000 IU/ml) were more likely to have significant liver fibrosis compared to HBsAg-negative patients or patients with an undetectable viral load: aOR 3.85 (95% CI 1.29-11.44) in Zambia and 4.20 (95% CI 1.64-10.76) in Switzerland. In both settings, male sex was a strong risk factor for significant liver fibrosis.\ud
\ud
CONCLUSIONS\ud
\ud
Despite the differences in HBV natural history between Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe, the degree of liver fibrosis and the association with important risk factors were similar
Physical Activity and Mental Well-being in a Cohort Aged 60-64 Years

Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD) study members who took part in this latest data collection for their continuing support. We thank members of the NSHD scientific and data collection team at the following centers: MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton; MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge; Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility (WTCRF) Manchester and the Department of Clinical Radiology at the Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; WTCRF and Medical Physics at the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh; WTCRF and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at University Hospital Birmingham; WTCRF and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at University College London Hospital; CRF and the Department of Medical Physics at the University Hospital of Wales; and CRF and Twin Research Unit at St. Thomas’ Hospital London. This work was supported by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (program codes MC_UU_12019/1, MC_UU_12019/5, and MC_UU_12015/3). The funders had no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; writing the report; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Fast neutron–mirror neutron oscillation and ultra high energy cosmic rays

AbstractIf there exists the mirror world, a parallel hidden sector of particles with exactly the same microphysics as that of the observable particles, then the primordial nucleosynthesis constraints require that the temperature of the cosmic background of mirror relic photons should be smaller than that of the ordinary relic photons, T′/T<0.5 or so. On the other hand, the present experimental and astrophysical limits allow a rather fast neutron–mirror neutron oscillation in vacuum, with an oscillation time τ∼1 s, much smaller than the neutron lifetime. We show that this could provide a very efficient mechanism for transporting ultra high energy protons at large cosmological distances. The mechanism operates as follows: a super-GZK energy proton scatters a relic photon producing a neutron that oscillates into a mirror neutron which then decays into a mirror proton. The latter undergoes a symmetric process, scattering a mirror relic photon and producing back an ordinary nucleon, but only after traveling a distance (T/T′)3 times larger than ordinary protons. This may relax or completely remove the GZK-cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum and also explain the correlation between the observed ultra high energy protons and far distant sources as are the BL Lacs
Yang–Baxter deformations, AdS/CFT, and twist-noncommutative gauge theory

AbstractWe give an AdS/CFT interpretation to homogeneous Yang–Baxter deformations of the AdS5×S5 superstring as noncommutative deformations of the dual gauge theory, going well beyond the canonical noncommutative case. These homogeneous Yang–Baxter deformations can be of so-called abelian or jordanian type. While abelian deformations have a clear interpretation in string theory and many already had well understood gauge theory duals, jordanian deformations appear novel on both counts. We discuss the symmetry structure of the deformed string from the uniformizing perspective of Drinfeld twists and indicate that this structure can be realized on the gauge theory side by considering theories on various noncommutative spaces. We then conjecture that these are the gauge theory duals of our strings, modulo subtleties involving singularities. We support this conjecture by a brane construction for two jordanian examples, corresponding to noncommutative spaces with [x−,⋆xi]∼xi (i=1,2). We also discuss κ-Minkowski type deformations of AdS5×S5, one of which may be the gravity dual of gauge theory on spacelike κ-Minkowski space
Connecting the quenched and unquenched worlds via the large Nc world

AbstractIn the large Nc (number of colors) limit, quenched QCD and QCD are identical. This implies that, in the effective field theory framework, some of the low energy constants in (Nc=3) quenched QCD and QCD are the same up to higher-order corrections in the 1/Nc expansion. Thus the calculation of the non-leptonic kaon decays relevant for the ΔI=1/2 rule in the quenched approximation is expected to differ from the unquenched one by an O(1/Nc) correction. However, the calculation relevant to the CP-violation parameter ϵ′/ϵ would have a relatively big higher-order correction due to the large cancellation in the leading order. Some important weak matrix elements are poorly known that even constraints with 100% errors are interesting. In those cases, quenched calculations will be very useful
The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility, Service Quality and Customer-company Identification on Customers

AbstractDespite the importance of corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) as an important construct in academia and a pressing item on corporate agenda, some contradictory results suggesting that CSR is far away from being the most dominant criteria in purchase behavior call for further research on the topic. Research supporting this view suggests that traditional criteria such as price, quality and brand familiarity are still the most important choice criteria. Acknowledging the significant role that quality can play in the context of services, this study incorporates these two separate views and considers the effect that both CSR and service quality have on customer-related outcomes such as customer- company identification, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The study also investigates the mediating role of customer- company identification, pointing to the fact that improving customers’ psychological attachment to a company can serve as a strategic tool for enhancing the effect that CSR and service quality have on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. To test the hypothesized relationships, an online questionnaire is conducted to a sample of 242 bank customers
COBRA—double beta decay searches using CdTe detectors

AbstractA new approach (called COBRA) for investigating double beta decay using CdTe semiconductor detectors is proposed. This will allow simultaneous measurements of 5β−β−- and 4β+β+-emitters at once. Half-life limits for neutrinoless double beta decay of 116Cd and 130Te can be improved by more than one order of magnitude and sensitivities on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of less than 1 eV can be obtained. Furthermore, for the first time a realistic chance of observing double electron capture processes exists. Additional searches for rare processes like the 4-fold forbidden 113Cd β-decay, the electron capture of 123Te and dark matter detection can be performed. The achievable limits are evaluated for 10 kg of such detectors and can be scaled accordingly towards higher masses because of the modular design of the proposed experiment
Measurement of the top quark pair cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using final states with an electron or a muon and a hadronically decaying τ lepton

AbstractA measurement of the cross section of top quark pair production in proton–proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is reported. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb−1. Events with an isolated electron or muon and a τ lepton decaying hadronically are used. In addition, a large missing transverse momentum and two or more energetic jets are required. At least one of the jets must be identified as originating from a b quark. The measured cross section, σtt¯=186±13(stat.)±20(syst.)±7(lumi.) pb, is in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction
The D10R4 term in type IIB string theory

AbstractThe modular invariant coefficient of the D2kR4 term in the effective action of type IIB superstring theory is expected to satisfy Poisson equation on the fundamental domain of SL(2,Z). Under certain assumptions, we obtain the equation satisfied by D10R4 using the tree level and one loop results for four graviton scattering in type II string theory. This leads to the conclusion that the perturbative contributions to D10R4 vanish above three loops, and also predicts the coefficients at two and three loops
Electric–magnetic dualities in non-abelian and non-commutative gauge theories

AbstractElectric–magnetic dualities are equivalence between strong and weak coupling constants. A standard example is the exchange of electric and magnetic fields in an abelian gauge theory. We show three methods to perform electric–magnetic dualities in the case of the non-commutative U(1) gauge theory. The first method is to use covariant field strengths to be the electric and magnetic fields. We find an invariant form of an equation of motion after performing the electric–magnetic duality. The second method is to use the Seiberg–Witten map to rewrite the non-commutative U(1) gauge theory in terms of abelian field strength. The third method is to use the large Neveu Schwarz–Neveu Schwarz (NS–NS) background limit (non-commutativity parameter only has one degree of freedom) to consider the non-commutative U(1) gauge theory or D3-brane. In this limit, we introduce or dualize a new one-form gauge potential to get a D3-brane in a large Ramond–Ramond (R–R) background via field redefinition. We also use perturbation to study the equivalence between two D3-brane theories. Comparison of these methods in the non-commutative U(1) gauge theory gives different physical implications. The comparison reflects the differences between the non-abelian and non-commutative gauge theories in the electric–magnetic dualities. For a complete study, we also extend our studies to the simplest abelian and non-abelian p-form gauge theories, and a non-commutative theory with the non-abelian structure
A tale of two skyrmions: The nucleon's strange quark content in different large Nc limits

AbstractThe nucleon's strange quark content comes from closed quark loops, and hence should vanish at leading order in the traditional large Nc (TLNC) limit. Quark loops are not suppressed in the recently proposed orientifold large Nc (OLNC) limit, and thus the strange quark content should be non-vanishing at leading order. The Skyrme model is supposed to encode the large Nc behavior of baryons, and can be formulated for both of these large Nc limits. There is an apparent paradox associated with the large Nc behavior of strange quark matrix elements in the Skyrme model. The model only distinguishes between the two large Nc limits via the Nc scaling of the couplings and the Witten–Wess–Zumino term, so that a vanishing leading order strange matrix element in the TLNC limit implies that it also vanishes at leading order in the OLNC limit, contrary to the expectations based on the suppression/non-suppression of quark loops. The resolution of this paradox is that the Skyrme model does not include the most general type of meson–meson interaction and, in fact, contains no meson–meson interactions which vanish for the TLNC limit but not the OLNC. The inclusion of such terms in the model yields the expected scaling for strange quark matrix elements
Long-range pseudorapidity dihadron correlations in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

AbstractDihadron angular correlations in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV are reported as a function of the measured zero-degree calorimeter neutral energy and the forward charged hadron multiplicity in the Au-beam direction. A finite correlated yield is observed at large relative pseudorapidity (Δη) on the near side (i.e. relative azimuth Δϕ∼0). This correlated yield as a function of Δη appears to scale with the dominant, primarily jet-related, away-side (Δϕ∼π) yield. The Fourier coefficients of the Δϕ correlation, Vn=〈cos⁡nΔϕ〉, have a strong Δη dependence. In addition, it is found that V1 is approximately inversely proportional to the mid-rapidity event multiplicity, while V2 is independent of it with similar magnitude in the forward (d-going) and backward (Au-going) directions
Emigration of mathematicians from outside German-speaking academia 1933–1963, supported by the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning

AbstractRacial and political persecution of German-speaking scholars from 1933 onward has already been extensively studied. The archives of the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL), which are deposited in the Western Manuscripts Collection at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, is a rich source of information about the emigration of European scientists, also those who did not come from German-speaking institutions. This is an account of the support given by the SPSL to the persecuted mathematicians among them. The challenges faced by these emigrants included, in addition to anti-Semitism and xenophobia in their countries both of origin and of destination, the restricted financial means of the SPSL, and the sometimes arbitrary assessment of academic merits