pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Contributions to the width difference in the neutral D system from hadronic decays

AbstractRecent studies of several multi-body D0 meson decays have revealed that the final states are dominantly CP-even. However, the small value of the width difference between the two physical eigenstates of the D0–D‾0 system indicates that the total widths of decays to CP-even and CP-odd final states should be the same to within about a percent. The known contributions to the width difference from hadronic D0 decays are discussed, and it is shown that an apparent excess of quasi-CP-even modes is balanced, within current uncertainty, by interference effects in quasi-flavour-specific decays. Decay modes which may significantly affect the picture with improved measurements are considered
Search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search is presented for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at s=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet compatible with a W or Z boson and with large missing transverse momentum are analysed. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and are interpreted in terms of both an effective field theory and a simplified model containing dark matter
Searching heavier Higgs boson via di-Higgs production at LHC Run-2

AbstractThe discovery of a light Higgs particle h0(125 GeV) opens up new prospect for searching heavier Higgs boson(s) at the LHC Run-2, which will unambiguously point to new physics beyond the standard model (SM). We study the detection of a heavier neutral Higgs boson H0 via di-Higgs production channel at the LHC (14 TeV), H0→h0h0→WW⁎γγ. This directly probes the Hhh cubic Higgs interaction, which exists in most extensions of the SM Higgs sector. For the decay products of final states WW⁎, we include both pure leptonic mode WW⁎→ℓν¯ℓ¯ν and semi-leptonic mode WW⁎→qq¯′ℓν. We analyze signals and backgrounds by performing fast detector simulation for the full process pp→H→hh→WW⁎γγ→ℓν¯ℓ¯νγγ and pp→H→hh→WW⁎γγ→ℓνqq¯′γγ, over the mass range MH=250–600 GeV. For generic two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDM), we present the discovery reach of the heavier Higgs boson at the LHC Run-2, and compare it with the current Higgs global fit of the 2HDM parameter space
Re-examining sin⁡2β and Δmd from evolution of Bd0 mesons with decoherence

AbstractIn the time evolution of neutral meson systems, a perfect quantum coherence is usually assumed. The important quantities of the Bd0 system, such as sin⁡2β and Δmd, are determined under this assumption. However, the meson system interacts with its environment. This interaction can lead to decoherence in the mesons even before they decay. In our formalism this decoherence is modelled by a single parameter λ. It is desirable to re-examine the procedures of determination of sin⁡2β and Δmd in meson systems with decoherence. We find that the present values of these two quantities are modulated by λ. Re-analysis of Bd0 data from B-factories and LHCb can lead to a clean determination of λ, sin⁡2β and Δmd
Palatini formulation of modified gravity with lnR terms

AbstractRecently, corrections to the standard Einstein–Hilbert action are proposed to explain the current cosmic acceleration instead of introducing dark energy. We discuss the Palatini formulation of the modified gravity with a lnR term suggested by Nojiri and Odintsov. We show that in the Palatini formulation, the lnR gravity can drive a current exponential accelerated expansion and it reduces to the standard Friedmann evolution for high redshift region. We also discuss the equivalent scalar–tensor formulation of the theory. We indicate that the lnR gravity may still have a conflict with electron–electron scattering experiment which stimulates us to pursue a more fundamental theory which can give the lnR gravity as an effective theory. Finally, we discuss a problem faced with the extension of the lnR gravity by adding Rm terms
Cosmic expansion history from SNe Ia data via information field theory: the charm code

We present charm (cosmic history agnostic reconstruction method), a novel inference algorithm that reconstructs the cosmic expansion history as encoded in the Hubble parameter H(z) from SNe Ia data. The novelty of the approach lies in the usage of information field theory, a statistical field theory that is very well suited for the construction of optimal signal recovery algorithms. The charm algorithm infers non-parametrically s(a) = ln(ρ(a)/ρcrit0 ), the density evolution which determines H(z), without assuming an analytical form of ρ(a) but only its smoothness with the scale factor a = (1 + z)−1. The inference problem of recovering the signal s(a) from the data is formulated in a fully Bayesian way. In detail, we have rewritten the signal as the sum of a background cosmology and a perturbation. This allows us to determine the maximum a posteriory estimate of the signal by an iterative Wiener filter method. Applying charm to the Union2.1 supernova compilation, we have recovered a cosmic expansion history that is fully compatible with the standard ΛCDM cosmological expansion history with parameter values consistent with the results of the Planck mission
Search for associated production of dark matter with a Higgs boson
  decaying to b b-bar or gamma-gamma at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for dark matter is performed using events with large missing
transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying either to a pair of bottom
quarks or to a pair of photons. The data from proton-proton collisions at a
center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in 2015 with the CMS detector at the
LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. Results
are interpreted in the context of a Z'-two-Higgs-doublet model, where the gauge
symmetry of the standard model is extended to a U(1)[Z'] group, with a new
massive Z' gauge boson, and the Higgs sector is extended with four additional
Higgs bosons. In this model, a high-mass resonance Z' decays into a
pseudoscalar boson A and a light SM-like Higgs boson, and the A decays to a
pair of dark matter particles. No significant excesses are observed over the
background prediction. Combining results from the two decay channels yields
exclusion limits in the signal cross section in the m[Z']-m[A] phase space. For
example, the observed data exclude the Z' mass range from 600 to 1860 GeV, for
Z' coupling strength g[Z'] = 0.8, the coupling of A with dark matter particles
g[chi] = 1, the ratio of the vacuum expectation values tan[beta] = 1, and m[A]
= 300 GeV. The results of this analysis are valid for any dark matter particle
mass below 100 GeV.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-16-012
  (CMS Public Pages
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Exploring the complex nature and origins of the
  Galactic bulge populations

Abridged: We used the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey to
characterize the bulge chemistry, spatial distribution, kinematics, and to
compare it chemically with the thin and thick disks. The sample consist on
~2500 red clump stars in 11 bulge fields ($-10^\circ\leq l\leq+8^\circ$ and
$-10^\circ\leq b\leq-4^\circ$), and a set of ~6300 disk stars selected for
comparison. The bulge MDF is confirmed to be bimodal across the whole sampled
area, with metal-poor stars dominating at high latitudes. The metal-rich stars
exhibit bar-like kinematics and display a bimodality in their magnitude
distribution, a feature which is tightly associated with the X-shape bulge.
They overlap with the metal-rich end of the thin disk sequence in the [Mg/Fe]
vs. [Fe/H] plane. Metal-poor bulge stars have a more isotropic hot kinematics
and do not participate in the X-shape bulge. With similar Mg-enhancement
levels, the position of the metal-poor bulge sequence "knee" is observed at
[Fe/H]$_{knee}=-0.37\pm0.09$, being 0.06 dex higher than that of the thick
disk. It suggests a higher SFR for the bulge than for the thick disk. Finally,
we present a chemical evolution model that suitably fits the whole bulge
sequence by assuming a fast ($<1$ Gyr) intense burst of stellar formation at
early epochs. We associate metal-rich stars with the B/P bulge formed from the
secular evolution of the early thin disk. On the other hand, the metal-poor
subpopulation might be the product of an early prompt dissipative collapse
dominated by massive stars. Nevertheless, our results do not allow us to firmly
rule out the possibility that these stars come from the secular evolution of
the early thick disk. This is the first time that an analysis of the bulge MDF
and $\alpha$-abundances has been performed in a large area on the basis of a
homogeneous, fully spectroscopic analysis of high-resolution, high S/N data.Comment: Accepted in A&A 30 March 201
Search for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions using dijet angular distributions in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search is presented for quark contact interactions and extra spatial dimensions in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV using dijet angular distributions. The search is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 collected by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Dijet angular distributions are found to be in agreement with the perturbative QCD predictions that include electroweak corrections. Limits on the contact interaction scale from a variety of models at next-to-leading order in QCD corrections are obtained. A benchmark model in which only left-handed quarks participate is excluded up to a scale of 9.0 (11.7) TeV for destructive (constructive) interference at 95% confidence level. Lower limits between 5.9 and 8.4 TeV on the scale of virtual graviton exchange are extracted for the Arkani-Hamed-Dimopoulos-Dvali model of extra spatial dimensions. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Rotation--differential rotation relationships for late-type single and
  binary stars from Doppler imaging

From our sample of spotted late-type stars showing surface differential
rotation we find that the relationship between the rotation period and the
surface shear coefficient $\alpha=\Delta\Omega/\Omega_{\rm eq}$ is
significantly different for single stars compared to members in close binaries.
Single stars follow a general trend that $\alpha$ increases with the rotation
period. However, differential rotation of stars in close binary systems shows
much weaker dependence on the rotation, if any, suggesting that in such systems
tidal forces operate as a controlling mechanism of differential rotation.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomische
  Nachrichte
Taking forward the World TB Day 2016 theme `Unite to End Tuberculosis' for the WHO Africa Region

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global emergency, with an estimated 9.6 million new TB cases worldwide reported in 2014. Twenty-eight percent of these cases were in the World Health Organization (WHO) Africa Region, where the annual case detection rate was 281 per 100 000 population-more than double the global average of 133 per 100 000. Of the 9.6 million people who developed TB, an estimated 1.2 million (12%) were HIV-positive, and the Africa Region accounted for 74% of these cases. Three million people with TB remain undiagnosed and untreated. Globally, an estimated 480 000 had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Whilst of the African countries, only South Africa has reported a high prevalence of MDR-TB, it is likely that all of Sub-Saharan Africa has an unreported high load of drug-resistant TB. Tragically, in 2014, only 48% of individuals diagnosed with MDR-TB had successful treatment and an estimated 190 000 people died of MDR-TB. Of the global TB funding gap of US$ 0.8 billion, the largest funding gap was in the Africa Region, amounting to US$ 0.4 billion in 2015. The MDR-TB pandemic in particular now threatens to devastate entire regions and may fundamentally alter the life-expectancy and demographic profile of many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The theme designated for this year's World TB Day, March 24, 2016, is `Unite to End TB'. From the Africa Region, there is an urgent need to seriously address the political, economic, and social factors that influence host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions and result in disease. Recent political and funder initiatives that provide renewed hope for the alleviation of Africa's TB and TB/ HIV problems are discussed. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
New age constraints for the limit of the British-Irish Ice Sheet on the Isles of Scilly.

The southernmost terrestrial extent of the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), which drained a large proportion of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, impinged on to the Isles of Scilly during Marine Isotope Stage 2. However, the age of this ice limit has been contested and the interpretation that this occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) remains controversial. This study reports new ages using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of outwash sediments at Battery, Tresco (25.5 ± 1.5 ka), and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating of boulders overlying till on Scilly Rock (25.9 ± 1.6 ka), which confirm that the ISIS reached the Isles of Scilly during the LGM. The ages demonstrate this ice advance on to the northern Isles of Scilly occurred at ∼26 ka around the time of increased ice-rafted debris in the adjacent marine record from the continental margin, which coincided with Heinrich Event 2 at ∼24 ka. OSL dating (19.6 ± 1.5 ka) of the post-glacial Hell Bay Gravel at Battery suggests there was then an ∼5-ka delay between primary deposition and aeolian reworking of the glacigenic sediment, during a time when the ISIS ice front was oscillating on and around the Llŷn Peninsula, ∼390 km to the north
Upper limits on the Peccei-Quinn scale and on the reheating temperature in axino dark matter scenarios

Considering axino cold dark matter scenarios with a long-lived charged slepton, we study constraints on the Peccei–Quinn scale fa and on the reheating temperature TR imposed by the dark matter density and by big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). For an axino mass compatible with large-scale structure, View the MathML source, temperatures above 109 GeV become viable for fa>3×1012 GeV. We calculate the slepton lifetime in hadronic axion models. With the dominant decay mode being two-loop suppressed, this lifetime can be sufficiently large to allow for primordial bound states leading to catalyzed BBN of lithium-6 and beryllium-9. This implies new upper limits on fa and on TR that depend on quantities which will be probed at the Large Hadron Collider
Social security and retirement across the OECD

Employment to population ratios differ markedly across OECD coun- tries, especially for people over 55. Social security features also differ markedly across the OECD, particularly with respect to replacement rates, entitlement ages and earnings tests. I conjecture that differences in social security features explain many differences in employment to population ratios at older ages. I assess my conjecture quantitatively with a life cycle general equilibrium model of retirement. At ages 60-64 the correlation between my model’s simulations and observed data is .67. Replacement rates and the earnings tests are key features.
Dynamic market selection in EU business services

European business services has witnessed about two decades of virtual productivity stagnation. The paper investigates whether this is caused by weak dynamic market selection. The time pattern of scale-related inefficiencies is used as an indicator for the effectiveness of market selection.
	We use a DEA method to construct the productivity frontier by sub-sector and size class, for business services in 13 EU countries. From this we derive scale economies and their development over time. Between 1999 and 2005 we observe a persistence of scale inefficiencies and X-inefficiencies , with scale efficiency falling rather than growing over time. This indicates malfunctioning competitive selection. 
	The time pattern of inefficiencies is significantly explained by regulatory policies that hamper entry and exit dynamics and labour adjustment, and by a lack of import penetration. The results suggest that policy reform and more market openness will have positive productivity effects. This holds for business services itself, but also wider, because of business services’ products are widely used as intermediary inputs in other parts of the European economy.
Cross-flow microfiltration of wine: Effect of colloids on critical fouling conditions

Critical fouling conditions were studied during wine cross-flow microfiltration using a multichannel\ud
ceramic membrane (0.2 micro m). The aim was to determine critical operating conditions in order to limit fouling\ud
caused by wine colloids (tannins, pectin and mannoproteins) and enhance process performances. The\ud
method used is a square wave filtration based on the determination of the reversibility and irreversibility\ud
of fouling. Filtrations were performed with filtered red wine (FW) added with different concentrations\ud
of colloids. Considering FW, critical flux for irreversibility was beyond the studied range of pressure\ud
(≥1.4×10−4 m/s). No clear critical flux could be determined for any of the tested molecules in the studied\ud
range of pressure. On the other hand, an upper limit of fluxes range has been identified (below which\ud
critical flux could be found). Irreversible fouling always takes place from the beginning of the filtrations\ud
and even at low pressures. For FW containing 0.2 g/l mannoprotein and 0.5 g/l pectin, a loss of average\ud
fluxes is observed beyond a given limit of transmembrane pressure. This fact was attributed to the\ud
compaction of a gel layer. Finally, a criterion (Rif/Rm ≤\ud
1) has been suggested to determine the so-called\ud
“threshold flux” below it, fouling remains acceptable
Multiple-Peptidase Mutants of Lactococcus lactis Are Severely Impaired in Their Ability To Grow in Milk

To examine the contribution of peptidases to the growth of Lactococcus lactis in milk, 16 single- and multiple-deletion mutants were constructed. In successive rounds of chromosomal gene replacement mutagenesis, up to all five of the following peptidase genes were inactivated (fivefold mutant): pepX, pepO, pepT, pepC, and pepN. Multiple mutations led to slower growth rates in milk, the general trend being that growth rates decreased when more peptidases were inactivated. The fivefold mutant grew more than 10 times more slowly in milk than the wild-type strain. In one of the fourfold mutants and in the fivefold mutant, the intracellular pools of amino acids were lower than those of the wild type, whereas peptides had accumulated inside the cell. No significant differences in the activities of the cell envelope-associated proteinase and of the oligopeptide transport system were observed. Also, the expression of the peptidases still present in the various mutants was not detectably affected. Thus, the lower growth rates can directly be attributed to the inability of the mutants to degrade casein-derived peptides. These results supply the first direct evidence for the functioning of lactococcal peptidases in the degradation of milk proteins. Furthermore, the study provides critical information about the relative importance of the peptidases for growth in milk, the order of events in the proteolytic pathway, and the regulation of its individual components.
Clientelism and economic policy : hybrid characteristics and collective action in Greece

First published online : 11 November 2015How does clientelism affect policy-making? Can patrons in government discard groups of clients in order to pursue reforms in conditions of crisis? The article argues that clientelism goes beyond the exchange of votes and may permeate organizations with the capacity for collective action such as labour unions. This merger gives rise to a clientelist-collective system that changes both patron–client relations and the context of collective action with important implications for the design of economic policy. As evidence from Greece shows, patrons in government are better off avoiding reforms that deprive their client groups of collective and personal benefits (clientelist bias in policy-making). Labour unions infiltrated by party clients have weak autonomy from the patron party but, operating inside the party network, they can effectively safeguard their access to club goods. Interdependent preferences and organizational linkages between the patron party and its client organizations favour collaboration and co-optation over open confrontation in policy-making processes
Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channel in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions are measured in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channel. The proton-proton collision data were produced at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1. The inclusive fiducial cross section in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channel is measured to be 3.62 ± 0.50(stat)− 0.20+ 0.25 (sys) fb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 2.91 ± 0.13 fb. The cross section is also extrapolated to the total phase space including all Standard Model Higgs boson decays. Several differential fiducial cross sections are measured for observables sensitive to the Higgs boson production and decay, including kinematic distributions of jets produced in association with the Higgs boson. Good agreement is found between data and Standard Model predictions. The results are used to put constraints on anomalous Higgs boson interactions with Standard Model particles, using the pseudo-observable extension to the kappa-framework
Suppression of Υ(1S), Υ(2S) and Υ(3S) production in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV

The production yields of ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) quarkonium states are measured through their decays into muon pairs in the CMS detector, in PbPb and pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 2.76 TeV. The data correspond to integrated luminosities of $166μb^{−1}$ and $5.4pb^{−1}$ for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Differential production cross sections are reported as functions of ϒ rapidity y up to 2.4, and transverse momentum $p_T$ up to 20GeV/c. A strong centrality-dependent suppression is observed in PbPb relative to pp collisions, by factors of up to ≈2 and 8, for the ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) states, respectively. No significant dependence of this suppression is observed as a function of y or $p_T$. The ϒ(3S) state is not observed in PbPb collisions, which corresponds to a suppression for the centrality-integrated data by at least a factor of ≈7 at a 95% confidence level. The observed suppression is in agreement with theoretical scenarios modeling the sequential melting of quarkonium states in a quark gluon plasma