pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Subglacial bedforms reveal an exponential size-frequency distribution.

Subglacial bedforms preserved in deglaciated landscapes record characteristics of past ice–sediment flow regimes, providing insight into subglacial processes and ice sheet dynamics. Individual forms vary considerably, but they can often be grouped into coherent fields, typically called flow-sets, that reflect discrete episodes of ice flow. Within these, bedform size–frequency distributions (predominantly height, width and length) are currently described by several statistics (e.g., mean, median, and standard deviation) that, arguably, do not best capture the defining characteristics of these populations. This paper seeks to create a better description based upon semi-log plots, which reveal that the frequency distributions of bedform dimensions (drumlin, mega-scale glacial lineation, and ribbed moraine) plot as straight lines above the mode (ϕ). This indicates, by definition, an exponential distribution, for which a simple and easily calculated, yet statistically rigorous, description is designed. Three descriptive parameters are proposed: gradient (λ; the exponent, characterising bedforms likely least affected by non-glacial factors), area-normalised y-intercept (β0; quantifying spatial density), and the mode (ϕ). Below ϕ, small features are less prevalent due to i) measurement: data, sampling and mapping fidelity; ii) possible post-glacial degradation; or iii) genesis: not being created sub-glacially. This new description has the benefit of being insensitive to the impact of potentially unmapped or degraded smaller features and better captures properties relating to ice flow. Importantly, using λ, flow sets can now be more usefully compared with each other across all deglaciated regions and with the output of numerical ice sheet models. Applications may also exist for analogous fluvial and aeolian bedforms. Identifying the characteristic exponential and that it is typical of ‘emergent’ subglacial bedforms is a new and potentially powerful constraint on their genesis, perhaps indicating that ice–sediment interaction is fundamentally stochastic in nature
Optimized prognostic score for coronary computed tomographic angiography results from the confirm registry (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioNFor Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter Registry)

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the predictive value of coronary CT angiography and to model and validate an optimized score for prognosis of 2-year survival based on a patient population with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) carries important prognostic information in addition to the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease. But it is still unclear how the results of CCTA should be interpreted in the context of clinical risk predictors METHODS: The analysis is based on a test sample of 17,793 patients and a validation sample of 2,506 patients, all with suspected CAD, from the international CONFIRM registry. Based on CCTA data and clinical risk scores, an optimized score was modeled. The endpoint was all cause mortality. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 347 patients died. Best CCTA parameter for prediction of mortality was the number of proximal segments with mixed or calcified plaques (C-index 0.64, p<0.0001) and the number of proximal segments with a stenosis >50% (C-index 0.56, p=0.002). In an optimized score including both parameters, CCTA significantly improved overall risk prediction beyond NCEP ATP III score as best clinical score. According to this score, a proximal segment with either a mixed or calcified plaque or a stenosis >50% is equivalent to a 5 year increase in age or the risk of smoking. CONCLUSION: In CCTA, both plaque burden and stenosis, particularly in proximal segments, carry incremental prognostic value. A prognostic score based on this data can improve risk prediction beyond clinical risk scores
Association of T-zone reticular networks and conduits with ectopic lymphoid tissues in mice and humans.

Ectopic or tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are often induced at sites of chronic inflammation. They typically contain various hematopoietic cell types, high endothelial venules, and follicular dendritic cells; and are organized in lymph node-like structures. Although fibroblastic stromal cells may play a role in TLT induction and persistence, they have remained poorly defined. Herein, we report that TLTs arising during inflammation in mice and humans in a variety of tissues (eg, pancreas, kidney, liver, and salivary gland) contain stromal cell networks consisting of podoplanin(+) T-zone fibroblastic reticular cells (TRCs), distinct from follicular dendritic cells. Similar to lymph nodes, TRCs were present throughout T-cell-rich areas and had dendritic cells associated with them. They expressed lymphotoxin (LT) β receptor (LTβR), produced CCL21, and formed a functional conduit system. In rat insulin promoter-CXCL13-transgenic pancreas, the maintenance of TRC networks and conduits was partially dependent on LTβR and on lymphoid tissue inducer cells expressing LTβR ligands. In conclusion, TRCs and conduits are hallmarks of secondary lymphoid organs and of well-developed TLTs, in both mice and humans, and are likely to act as important scaffold and organizer cells of the T-cell-rich zone
A Method of Experimentally Probing Transeverse Momentum Dependent
  Distributions

We calculate the double spin asymmetry A_LL(x, y, z, P_hT) of pi^0 production
with the spectator model and the model based on the factorization ansatz. We
also calculate the double spin asymmetry for the integration over the range of
(x,y,z) for the setups of the experiments of COMPASS, HERMES, and JLab. We find
that the results are characteristically dependent on the model used. Therefore,
we suggest that the measurements of the double spin asymmetry provides a method
of experimentally probing the transeverse momentum dependent distributions.Comment: 10 pages, 31 figure
Air entrainment in transient flows in closed water pipes: a two-layer
  approach

In this paper, we first construct a model for free surface flows that takes
into account the air entrainment by a system of four partial differential
equations. We derive it by taking averaged values of gas and fluid velocities
on the cross surface flow in the Euler equations (incompressible for the fluid
and compressible for the gas). The obtained system is conditionally hyperbolic.
Then, we propose a mathematical kinetic interpretation of this system to
finally construct a two-layer kinetic scheme in which a special treatment for
the "missing" boundary condition is performed. Several numerical tests on
closed water pipes are performed and the impact of the loss of hyperbolicity is
discussed and illustrated. Finally, we make a numerical study of the order of
the kinetic method in the case where the system is mainly non hyperbolic. This
provides a useful stability result when the spatial mesh size goes to zero
Riemann $\zeta(3)$- terms in perturbative QED series, conformal symmetry
  and the analogies with structures of multiloop effects in N=4 supersymmetric
  Yang-Mills theory

As was discovered recently, 5-loop perturbative quenched QED approximation to
the QED $\beta$-function consist from the rational term and the term
proportional to $\zeta(3)$-function. It is stressed, that this feature is also
manifesting itself in the conformal invariant pqQED series for the 4-loop
approximation to the anomalous mass dimension. The 4-loop pqQED expression for
the singlet contribution into the Ellis-Jaffe polarized sum rule is obtained.
It coincides with the similar approximation for the non-singlet coefficient
function of Ellis-Jaffe sum rule and of Bjorken polarized sum rule. It is
stressed that this property is valid in all orders of perturbation theory
thanks to the conformal symmetry of pqQED series and to Crewther relation,
which relates non-singlet and singlet coefficient functions of Ellis-Jaffe sum
rule with the coefficient functions of non-singlet and singlet Adler
D-functions. The basic steps of derivation of Crewther relation in the singlet
channel from the AVV triangle diagram are outlined. The similarities between
analytical structure of asymptotic series for the coefficient functions in
pqQED and for the anomalous dimensions in N=4 conformal invariant
supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are observed. The guess is proposed that the
appearance of $\zeta(3)$-terms in the pqQED expressions and the absence of
$\zeta(5)$-terms at the same level is the indication of absence of "wrapping"
interactions in pqQED.Comment: Accepted to Phys.Lett.B , 2 more references added after acception
  without modifying the tex
Measurement of the Q^2 evolution of the photon structure function
  F_2^gamma

New measurements are presented of the photon structure function F_2^gamma(Q)
at four values of Q^2 between 9 and 59 GeV/c^2 based on data collected with the
OPAL detector at centre-of-mass energies of 161-172 GeV, with a total
integrated luminosity of 18.1 pb^-1. The evolution of F_2^gamma with Q^2 in
bins of x is determined in the Q^2 range from 1.86 to 135 GeV/c^2 using data
taken at centre-of-mass energies of 91 GeV and 161-172 GeV. F_2^gamma is
observed to increase with Q^2 with a slope of 1/alpha_em dF_2^gamma/dln(Q^2) =
0.10 +0.05 -0.03 measured in the range 0.1 < x < 0.6.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX, 4 eps figures included, accepted by Phys. Lett.
Determination of the Fundamental Scale of Gravity and the Number of
  Space-time Dimensions from High Energetic Particle Interactions

Within the ADD-model, we elaborate an idea by Vacavant and Hinchliffe and
show quantitatively how to determine the fundamental scale of TeV-gravity and
the number of compactified extra dimensions from data at LHC. We demonstrate
that the ADD-model leads to strong correlations between the missing $E_T$ in
gravitons at different center of mass energies. This correlation puts strong
constraints on this model for extra dimensions, if probed at $\sqrt{s}=5.5$ TeV
and $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV at LHC.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
Search for correlations of the arrival directions of ultra-high energy
  cosmic ray with extragalactic objects as observed by the telescope array
  experiment

We search for correlations between positions of extragalactic objects and
arrival directions of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) with primary
energy $E \ge 40$ EeV as observed by the surface detector array of the
Telescope Array (TA) experiment during the first 40 months of operation. We
examined several public astronomical object catalogs, including the Veron-Cetty
and Veron catalog of active galactic nuclei. We counted the number of TA events
correlated with objects in each catalog as a function of three parameters: the
maximum angular separation between a TA event and an object, the minimum energy
of the events, and the maximum redshift of the objects. We determine
combinations of these parameters which maximize the correlations, and calculate
the chance probabilities of having the same levels of correlations from an
isotropic distribution of UHECR arrival directions. No statistically
significant correlations are found when penalties for scanning over the above
parameters and for searching in several catalogs are taken into account
Is toric duality a Seiberg-like duality in (2+1)-d ?

We show that not all $(2+1)$ dimensional toric phases are Seiberg-like duals.
Particularly, we work out superconformal indices for the toric phases of Fanos
${\cal{C}}_3$, ${\cal{C}}_5$ and ${\cal{B}}_2$. We find that the indices for
the two toric phases of Fano ${\cal{B}}_2$ do not match, which implies that
they are not Seiberg-like duals. We also take the route of acting Seiberg-like
duality transformation on toric quiver Chern-Simons theories to obtain dual
quivers. We study two examples and show that Seiberg-like dual quivers are not
always toric quivers.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, to be published in JHE
Leptonic CP Violation Phases, Quark-Lepton Similarity and Seesaw
  Mechanism

We explore generic features of the leptonic CP violation in the framework of
the seesaw type I mechanism with similarity of the Dirac lepton and quarks mass
matrices $m_D$. For this, we elaborate on the standard parametrization
conditions which allow to simultaneously obtain the Dirac and Majorana phases.
If the only origin of CP violation is the left-handed (LH) transformation which
diagonalizes $m_D$ (similar to quarks), the leptonic CP violation is suppressed
and the Dirac phase is close to $\pi$ or to $0$ with $\sin \delta_{CP} \approx
(\sin \theta_{13}^q /\sin \theta_{13}) \cos \theta_{23} \sin \delta_q \sim
\lambda^2 \sin \delta_q$. Here $\lambda \sim \theta_C$, is the Cabibbo mixing
angle, and $\theta_{13}^q$ and $\theta_{13}$ are the 1-3 mixing angles of
quarks and leptons respectively. The Majorana phases $\beta_1$ and $\beta_2$
are suppressed as $\lambda^3\sin\delta_q$. For Majorana neutrinos implied by
seesaw, the right-handed (RH) transformations are important. We explore the
simplest extension inspired by Left-Right (L-R) symmetry with small CKM-type CP
violation. In this case, seesaw enhancement of the CP violation occurs due to
strong hierarchy of the eigenvalues of $m_D$ leading to $\delta_{CP} \sim 1$.
The enhancement is absent under the phase factorization conditions which
require certain relations between parameters of the Majorana mass matrix of RH
neutrinos.Comment: 30 pages. v3(typos fixed, matches version published in Nucl. Phys. B
Two Nucleon (B-L)-Conserving Reactions Involving Tau Leptons

Tau lepton emission in two-nucleon disappearance reactions from within nuclei
which conserve baryon number minus lepton number (B-L) is considered. It is
shown that some existing limits on proton decay channels and two-nucleon
disappearance reactions resulting in electrons and muons can be applied to
$\Delta B=\Delta L=2$ decays involving $\tau$ leptons. For the two-nucleon
disappearance channel $np\to\tau^+ \overline\nu_\tau$ the estimated limit for
the partial mean life is $\frac{\tau}{Br}>1\times10^{30}$ yrs based on results
from the IMB3 experiment. Re-analysis of existing data and future experiments
could result in higher sensitivity for two-nucleon disappearance modes
involving $\tau$ lepton final states.Comment: 7 pages, 0 figure
Supergravity and the Knitting of the Kalb--Ramond Two-Form in
  Eight-Dimensional Topological Gravity

Topological euclidean gravity is built in eight dimensions for manifolds with
$Spin(7) \subset SO(8)$ holonomy. In a previous work, we considered the
construction of an eight-dimensional topological theory describing the graviton
and one graviphoton. Here we solve the question of determining a topological
model for the combined system of a metric and a Kalb--Ramond two-form gauge
field. We then recover the complete $N=1, D=8$ supergravity theory in a twisted
form. We observe that the generalized self-duality conditions of our model
correspond to the octonionic string equations.Comment: 17 page
Phantom inflation and the "Big Trip"

Primordial inflation is regarded to be driven by a phantom field which is
here implemented as a scalar field satisfying an equation of state
$p=\omega\rho$, with $\omega<-1$. Being even aggravated by the weird properties
of phantom energy, this will pose a serious problem with the exit from the
inflationary phase. We argue however in favor of the speculation that a smooth
exit from the phantom inflationary phase can still be tentatively recovered by
considering a multiverse scenario where the primordial phantom universe would
travel in time toward a future universe filled with usual radiation, before
reaching the big rip. We call this transition the "big trip" and assume it to
take place with the help of some form of anthropic principle which chooses our
current universe as being the final destination of the time transition.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, LaTex, Phys. Lett. B (in press
Connection between the Dielectric and the Ballistic Treatment of Collisional Absorption

In this work two important models of treating collisional absorption in a laser driven plasma are compared, the dielectric and the ballistic model. We will see that there exists a remarkable connection between these basic approaches which could give a hint how to overcome the inherent limitations. The approximations made in the models are not identical and lead to different advantages and disadvantages. We notice that the dieletric model is able to handle screening in a selfconsistent manner, but is limited to first order in the electron-ion interaction. The ballistic model calculates the electron-ion collision exactly in each order of the interaction, but has to introduce a cut-off to incorporate screening effects. This means in the context of kinetic theory that the electron-ion correlation has to be calculated either in random phase or in ladder approximation, or, in other words, the linearized Lenard-Balescu or Boltzmann collision term has to be used
Domain walls and flow equations in supergravity

Domain wall solutions have attracted much attention due to their relevance for brane world scenarios and the holographic RG flow. In this talk I discuss the following aspects for these applications: (i) derivation of the first order flow equations as Bogomol'nyi bound; (ii) different types of critical points of the superpotential; (iii) the superpotential needed to localize gravity; (iv) the constraints imposed by supersymmetry including an example for an $N$=1 flow and finally (v) sources and exponential trapping of gravity
Two Gauss-Bonnet and Poincar\'{e}-Hopf Theorems for Orbifolds with
  Boundary

The goal of this work is to generalize the Gauss-Bonnet and Poincar\'{e}-Hopf
Theorems to the case of orbifolds with boundary. We present two such
generalizations, the first in the spirit of Satake. In this case, the local
data (i.e. integral of the curvature in the case of the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem
and the index of the vector field in the case of the Poincar\'{e}-Hopf Theorem)
is related to Satake's orbifold Euler characteristic, a rational number which
depends on the orbifold structure. For the second pair of generalizations, we
use the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology to express the local data in a way which
can be related to the Euler characteristic of the underlying space of the
orbifold. This case applies only to orbifolds which admit almost-complex
structures.Comment: Dissertation, 5 figures. Fixed typos and clarified expositio
Nucleus-nucleus collisions at high baryon densities

We study central collision of Pb+Pb at 20, 40, 80 and 160 AGeV within the
UrQMD transport approach and compare rapidity distributions of pi-, K+, K- and
Lambda with the recent measurements from the NA49 Collaboration at 40, 80 and
160 AGeV. It is found that the UrQMD model reasonably describes the data,
however, systematically overpredicts the pi- yield by about 20%, whereas the K+
yield is underestimated by about 15%. The K- yields are in a good agreement
with the experimental data, the Lambda yields are also in a reasonable
correspondence with the data for all energies. We find that hadronic flavour
exchange reactions largely distort the information about the initial
strangeness production mechanism at all energies considered.Comment: 9 pages, including 3 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Kinetic limit of N-body description of wave-particle self- consistent
  interaction

A system of N particles eN=(x1,v1,...,xN,vN) interacting self-consistently
with M waves Zn=An*exp(iTn) is considered. Hamiltonian dynamics transports
initial data (eN(0),Zn(0)) to (eN(t),Zn(t)). In the limit of an infinite number
of particles, a Vlasov-like kinetic equation is generated for the distribution
function f(x,v,t), coupled to envelope equations for the M waves. Any initial
data (f(0),Z(0)) with finite energy is transported to a unique (f(t),Z(t)).
Moreover, for any time T>0, given a sequence of initial data with N particles
distributed so that the particle distribution fN(0)-->f(O) weakly and with
Zn(0)-->Z(O) as N tends to infinity, the states generated by the Hamiltonian
dynamics at all time 0<t<T are such that (eN(t),Zn(t)) converges weakly to
(f(t),Z(t)). Comments: Kinetic theory, Plasma physics.Comment: 18 pages, LaTe
Effect of the time characteristics of the Compton camera on its performance

Purpose: The effect of the time characteristics of the Compton camera data acquisition (DAQ) system on the camera’s performance has been studied. 
Methods: The GEANT4 simulation software was used to simulate radiation transport and interactions with matter. Further investigations were carried out by utilizing straightforward approximations to estimate the charge collection times and their relationship to finding coincident events, setting thresholds to reject noise, and the resultant impacts on the Compton camera performance. 
Results: The results show that the time characteristics of the Compton camera DAQ account for about 17% and 13% reduction in detection efficiency at 140.5 keV and 511 keV, respectively, but made no significant difference on the Compton camera resolution.
Conclusions: Findings suggest that the detection efficiency of the Compton camera has been overestimated by previous investigators who did not predict count rate losses under clinical conditions
Precise measurement of the 222Rn half-life: a probe to monitor the
  stability of radioactivity

We give the results of a study on the 222Rn decay we performed in the Gran
Sasso Laboratory (LNGS) by detecting the gamma rays from the radon progeny. The
motivation was to monitor the stability of radioactivity measuring several
times per year the half-life of a short lifetime (days) source instead of
measuring over a long period the activity of a long lifetime (tens or hundreds
of years) source. In particular, we give a possible reason of the large
periodical fluctuations in the count rate of the gamma rays due to radon inside
a closed canister which has been described in literature and which has been
attributed to a possible influence of a component in the solar irradiation
affecting the nuclear decay rates. We then provide the result of four half-life
measurements we performed underground at LNGS in the period from May 2014 to
January 2015 with radon diffused into olive oil. Briefly, we did not measure
any change of the 222Rn half-life with a 8*10^-5 precision. Finally, we provide
the most precise value for the 222Rn half-life: 3.82146(16){stat}(4){syst}
days.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B, 6 pages, 6 figure
GLEAM: The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey

GLEAM, the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey, is a survey of the
entire radio sky south of declination +25 deg at frequencies between 72 and 231
MHz, made with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) using a drift scan method
that makes efficient use of the MWA's very large field-of-view. We present the
observation details, imaging strategies and theoretical sensitivity for GLEAM.
The survey ran for two years, the first year using 40 kHz frequency resolution
and 0.5 s time resolution; the second year using 10 kHz frequency resolution
and 2 s time resolution. The resulting image resolution and sensitivity depends
on observing frequency, sky pointing and image weighting scheme. At 154 MHz the
image resolution is approximately 2.5 x 2.2/cos(DEC+26.7) arcmin with
sensitivity to structures up to ~10 deg in angular size. We provide tables to
calculate the expected thermal noise for GLEAM mosaics depending on pointing
and frequency and discuss limitations to achieving theoretical noise in Stokes
I images. We discuss challenges, and their solutions, that arise for GLEAM
including ionospheric effects on source positions and linearly polarised
emission, and the instrumental polarisation effects inherent to the MWA's
primary beam.Comment: 17 pages, 7 Figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in the
  Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA