pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Weak matrix elements on the lattice: Circa 1995

Status of weak matrix elements is reviewed. In particular, \epspeps, \bkastg, B_K, B_B and B_{B_s} are discussed and the overall situation with respect to the lattice effort and some of its phenomenological implications are summarized. For \epspeps the need for the relevant matrix elements is stressed in view of the forthcoming improved experiments. For some of the operators, (e.g.\ O_6), even bounds on their matrix elements would be very helpful. On \bkastg, a constant behavior of T_2 appears disfavored although dependence of T_2 could, of course, be milder than a simple pole. Improved data is badly needed to settle this important issue firmly, especially in view of its ramification for extractions of V_{td} from B\to\rho\gamma. On B_K, the preliminary result from JLQCD appears to contradict Sharpe \etal\ JLQCD data seems to fit very well to linear a dependence and leads to an appreciably lower value of B_K. Four studies of B_K in the ``full'' (n_f=2) theory indicate very little quenching effects on B_K; the full theory value seems to be just a little less than the quenched result. Based on expectations from HQET, analysis of the B-parameter (B_{h\ell}) for the heavy-light mesons via B_{h\ell}={}constant{}+{}constants^\prim e/m_{h\ell} is suggested. A summary of an illustrative sample of hadron matrix elements is given and constraints on CKM parameters (e.g.\ V_{td}/V_{ts}), on the unitarity triangle and on x_s/x_d, emerging from the lattice calculations along with experimental results are briefly discussed. In quite a few cases, for the first time, some indication of quenching errors on weak matrix elements are now becoming available
The equivalence and the embedding problems for CR-structures of any
  codimension

We give a solution to the equivalence and the embedding problems for smooth
CR-submanifolds of complex spaces (and, more generally, for abstract
CR-manifolds) in terms of complete differential systems in jet bundles
satisfied by all CR-equivalences or CR-embeddings respectively (local and
global). For the equivalence problem, the manifolds are assumed to be of finite
type and finitely nondegenerate. These are higher order generalizations of the
corresponding nondegeneracy conditions for the Levi form. It is shown by a
simple example that these nondegeneracy conditions cannot be even slightly
relaxed to more general known conditions. In particular, for essentially finite
hypersurfaces in $\C^2$, such a complete system may not exist in general. For
the embedding problem, the source manifold is assumed to be of finite type and
the embeddings to be finitely nondegenerate. Situations are given, where the
last condition is automatically satisfied by all CR-embeddings
Detailed comparison of the pp -> \pi^+pn and pp -> \pi^+d reactions at
  951 MeV

The positively charged pions produced in proton-proton collisions at a beam
momentum of 1640 MeV/c were measured in the forward direction with a high
resolution magnetic spectrograph. The missing mass distribution shows the bound
state (deuteron) clearly separated from the $pn$ continuum. Despite the very
good resolution, there is no evidence for any significant production of the
$pn$ system in the spin-singlet state. However, the $\sigma(pp\to
\pi^+pn)/\sigma(pp\to \pi^+d)$ cross section ratio is about twice as large as
that predicted from $S$-wave final-state-interaction theory and it is suggested
that this is due to $D$-state effects in the $pn$ system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Evidence of the Coulomb force effects in the cross sections of the
  deuteron-proton breakup at 130 MeV

High precision cross-section data of the deuteron-proton breakup reaction at
130 MeV deuteron energy are compared with the theoretical predictions obtained
with a coupled-channel extension of the CD Bonn potential with virtual
Delta-isobar excitation, without and with inclusion of the long-range Coulomb
force. The Coulomb effect is studied on the basis of the cross-section data
set, extended in this work to about 1500 data points by including breakup
geometries characterized by small polar angles of the two protons. The
experimental data clearly prefer predictions obtained with the Coulomb
interaction included. The strongest effects are observed in regions in which
the relative energy of the two protons is the smallest.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physics Letters
Chiral unitary approach to the K^- deuteron scattering length

Starting from a recent model where the Kbar N amplitudes are evaluated from
the chiral Lagrangians using a coupled channel unitary method, we evaluate here
the scattering length for K^- deuteron scattering. We find that the double
scattering contribution is very large compared to the impulse approximation and
that the charge exchange contribution of this rescattering is as large as the
sequential K^- scattering on the two nucleons. Higher order rescattering
corrections are evaluated using coupled channels with K^- and Kbar^0 within the
integral form of the fixed centre approximation to the Faddeev equations. The
higher order corrections involving intermediate pions and hyperons are found
negligible.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, revised version to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Crystal structures and proton dynamics in potassium and cesium hydrogen
  bistrifluoroacetate salts with strong symmetric hydrogen bonds

The crystal structures of potassium and cesium bistrifluoroacetates were
determined at room temperature and at 20 K and 14 K, respectively, with the
single crystal neutron diffraction technique. The crystals belong to the I2/a
and A2/a monoclinic space groups, respectively, and there is no visible phase
transition. For both crystals, the trifluoroacetate entities form dimers linked
by very short hydrogen bonds lying across a centre of inversion. Any proton
disorder or double minimum potential can be rejected. The inelastic neutron
scattering spectral profiles in the OH stretching region between 500 and 1000
cm^{-1} previously published [Fillaux and Tomkinson, Chem. Phys. 158 (1991)
113] are reanalyzed. The best fitting potential has the major characteristics
already reported for potassium hydrogen maleate [Fillaux et al. Chem. Phys. 244
(1999) 387]. It is composed of a narrow well containing the ground state and a
shallow upper part corresponding to dissociation of the hydrogen bond.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figure
Pure Gravity Mediation and Spontaneous B-L Breaking from Strong Dynamics

In pure gravity mediation (PGM), the most minimal scheme for the mediation of
supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking to the visible sector, soft masses for the
standard model gauginos are generated at one loop rather than via direct
couplings to the SUSY-breaking field. In any concrete implementation of PGM,
the SUSY-breaking field is therefore required to carry nonzero charge under
some global or local symmetry. As we point out in this note, a prime candidate
for such a symmetry might be B-L, the Abelian gauge symmetry associated with
the difference between baryon number B and lepton number L. The F-term of the
SUSY-breaking field then not only breaks SUSY, but also B-L, which relates the
respective spontaneous breaking of SUSY and B-L at a fundamental level. As a
particularly interesting consequence, we find that the heavy Majorana neutrino
mass scale ends up being tied to the gravitino mass, Lambda_N ~ m_3/2. Assuming
nonthermal leptogenesis to be responsible for the generation of the baryon
asymmetry of the universe, this connection may then explain why SUSY
necessarily needs to be broken at a rather high energy scale, so that m_3/2 >~
1000 TeV in accord with the concept of PGM. We illustrate our idea by means of
a minimal model of dynamical SUSY breaking, in which B-L is identified as a
weakly gauged flavor symmetry. We also discuss the effect of the B-L gauge
dynamics on the superparticle mass spectrum as well as the resulting
constraints on the parameter space of our model. In particular, we comment on
the role of the B-L D-term.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur
Who rebounds most? Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for different UK socioeconomic groups

This study estimates the combined direct and indirect rebound effects from various types of energy efficiency improvement and behavioural change by UK households and explores how these effects vary with total expenditure. The methodology is based upon estimates of the expenditure elasticity and GHG intensity of 16 categories of goods and services, and allows for the capital cost and embodied emissions of the energy efficiency measures themselves. The study finds that rebound effects, in GHG terms, are modest (0–32%) for measures affecting domestic energy use, larger (25–65%) for measures affecting vehicle fuel use and very large (66–106%) for measures that reduce food waste. Furthermore, measures undertaken by low income households are associated with the largest rebound effects, with direct emissions forming a larger proportion of the total rebound effect for those households. Measures that are subsidised or affect highly taxed energy commodities may be less effective in reducing aggregate emissions. These findings highlight the importance of allowing for rebound effects within policy appraisals, as well as reinforcing the case for economy-wide carbon pricing
Measurement with the ATLAS detector of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in p + Pb collisions at â\u88\u9as<inf>NN</inf>= 5.02 TeV

In order to study further the long-range correlations ("ridge") observed recently in p + Pb collisions at â\u88\u9asNN= 5.02 TeV, the second-order azimuthal anisotropy parameter of charged particles, v2, has been measured with the cumulant method using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 1 Î¼b-1, the parameter v2has been obtained using two- and four-particle cumulants over the pseudorapidity range |Î·|<2.5. The results are presented as a function of transverse momentum and the event activity, defined in terms of the transverse energy summed over 3.1 < Î· <4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. They show features characteristic of collective anisotropic flow, similar to that observed in Pb + Pb collisions. A comparison is made to results obtained using two-particle correlation methods, and to predictions from hydrodynamic models of p +Pb collisions. Despite the small transverse spatial extent of the p + Pb collision system, the large magnitude of v2and its similarity to hydrodynamic predictions provide additional evidence for the importance of final-state effects in p + Pb reactions. Â© 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V
The ELO Project - Educational Leadeship Observatory

In spite of the great importance that is given to school leadership as a relevant factor in school improvement and of the increasing number of studies that are being developed in this area in several countries, in Portugal only recently did we begin to have studies that are focused directly in this issue.

Perhaps due to the slow development of this area of research in Portugal, there is still no gathering and conceptual systemization of the research that has been done on school leadership in our country. Thus, one of the main goals of the project that we are presenting is the creation of a School Leadership Observatory, gathering and making available information and research work on school leadership that have been recently carried out in Portugal. We have specifically focused on PhD thesis, Master dissertations, articles in scientific journals and proceedings of scientific meetings. This information that is being collected will be analyzed according to a theoretic-conceptual framework that will allow drawing a portrait of the results, perspectives and tendencies of this kind of research in our country
Introducing relational work in Facebook, discussion boards and New Media events

This paper functions as the introduction to the special issue on ‘relational work in Facebook and discussion boards’. We position our research endeavors within interpersonal pragmatics (see Locher and Graham 2010), by reviewing literature on politeness, impoliteness and relational work in the context of computer-mediated communication. Foregrounding the relational aspect of language, we are particularly interested in establishing the connections between politeness, face and linguistic identity construction. We then position the four papers that form this special issue within this field of research. Two papers contribute to the study of relational work on discussion boards (Kleinke and Boes; Haugh, Chang and Kádár) and two deal with practices on Facebook (Theodoropoulou; Bolander and Locher)
Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19·2 million participants

Background: Underweight and severe and morbid obesity are associated with highly elevated risks of adverse health outcomes. We estimated trends in mean body-mass index (BMI), which characterises its population distribution, and in the prevalences of a complete set of BMI categories for adults in all countries.\ud
Methods: We analysed, with use of a consistent protocol, population-based studies that had measured height and weight in adults aged 18 years and older. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to these data to estimate trends from 1975 to 2014 in mean BMI and in the prevalences of BMI categories (<18·5 kg/m2 [underweight], 18·5 kg/m2 to <20 kg/m2, 20 kg/m2 to <25 kg/m2, 25 kg/m2 to <30 kg/m2, 30 kg/m2 to <35 kg/m2, 35 kg/m2 to <40 kg/m2, ≥40 kg/m2 [morbid obesity]), by sex in 200 countries and territories, organised in 21 regions. We calculated the posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue.\ud
Findings: We used 1698 population-based data sources, with more than 19·2 million adult participants (9·9 million men and 9·3 million women) in 186 of 200 countries for which estimates were made. Global age-standardised mean BMI increased from 21·7 kg/m2 (95% credible interval 21·3–22·1) in 1975 to 24·2 kg/m2 (24·0–24·4) in 2014 in men, and from 22·1 kg/m2 (21·7–22·5) in 1975 to 24·4 kg/m2 (24·2–24·6) in 2014 in women. Regional mean BMIs in 2014 for men ranged from 21·4 kg/m2 in central Africa and south Asia to 29·2 kg/m2 (28·6–29·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia; for women the range was from 21·8 kg/m2 (21·4–22·3) in south Asia to 32·2 kg/m2 (31·5–32·8) in Polynesia and Micronesia. Over these four decades, age-standardised global prevalence of underweight decreased from 13·8% (10·5–17·4) to 8·8% (7·4–10·3) in men and from 14·6% (11·6–17·9) to 9·7% (8·3–11·1) in women. South Asia had the highest prevalence of underweight in 2014, 23·4% (17·8–29·2) in men and 24·0% (18·9–29·3) in women. Age-standardised prevalence of obesity increased from 3·2% (2·4–4·1) in 1975 to 10·8% (9·7–12·0) in 2014 in men, and from 6·4% (5·1–7·8) to 14·9% (13·6–16·1) in women. 2·3% (2·0–2·7) of the world's men and 5·0% (4·4–5·6) of women were severely obese (ie, have BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Globally, prevalence of morbid obesity was 0·64% (0·46–0·86) in men and 1·6% (1·3–1·9) in women.\ud
Interpretation: If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global obesity target is virtually zero. Rather, if these trends continue, by 2025, global obesity prevalence will reach 18% in men and surpass 21% in women; severe obesity will surpass 6% in men and 9% in women. Nonetheless, underweight remains prevalent in the world's poorest regions, especially in south Asia
Comparison of isoscalar vector meson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions

The reaction pp -> pp omega was investigated with the TOF spectrometer, which is an external experiment at the accelerator COSY (Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany). Total as well as differential cross sections were determined at an excess energy of 93 MeV (p(beam) = 2950 MeV/c). Using the total cross section of (9.0 +/- 0.7 +/- 1.1) mu b for the reaction pp -> pp omega determined here and existing data for the reaction pp -> pp phi, the ratio R-phi/omega = sigma(phi)/sigma(omega) turns out to be significantly larger than expected by the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule. The uncertainty of this ratio is considerably smaller than in previous determinations. The differential distributions show that the omega production is still dominated by S-wave production at this excess energy, however higher partial waves clearly contribute. A comparison of the measured angular distributions for omega production to published distributions for phi production at 83 MeV shows that the data are consistent with an identical production mechanism for both vector mesons. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A Grassmann path from AdS 3 to flat space

We show that interpreting the inverse AdS 3 radius 1 /l as a Grassmann variable results in a formal map from gravity in AdS 3 to gravity in flat space. The underlying reason for this is the fact that ISO(2 , 1) is the Inonu-Wigner contraction of SO(2 , 2). We show how this works for the Chern-Simons actions, demonstrate how the general (Banados) solution in AdS 3 maps to the general flat space solution, and how the Killing vectors, charges and the Virasoro algebra in the Brown-Henneaux case map to the corresponding quantities in the BMS 3 case. Our results straightforwardly generalize to the higher spin case: the recently constructed flat space higher spin theories emerge automatically in this approach from their AdS counterparts. We conclude with a discussion of singularity resolution in the BMS gauge as an application
A high-statistics measurement of transverse spin effects in dihadron production from muon–proton semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering

A measurement of the azimuthal asymmetry in dihadron production in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on transversely polarised proton (NH 3 ) targets is presented. They provide independent access to the transversity distribution functions through the measurement of the Collins asymmetry in single hadron production. The data were taken in the year 2010 with the COMPASS spectrometer using a 160 GeV/c muon beam of the CERN SPS, increasing by a factor of about four the overall statistics with respect to the previously published data taken in the year 2007. The measured sizeable asymmetry is in good agreement with the published data. An approximate equality of the Collins asymmetry and the dihadron asymmetry is observed, suggesting a common physical mechanism in the underlying fragmentation
Calabi-Yau threefolds with large h 2 1

We carry out a systematic analysis of Calabi-Yau threefolds that are elliptically fibered with section (“EFS”) and have a large Hodge number h 2,1 . EFS Calabi-Yau threefolds live in a single connected space, with regions of moduli space associated with different topologies connected through transitions that can be understood in terms of singular Weierstrass models. We determine the complete set of such threefolds that have h 2,1 ≥ 350 by tuning coefficients in Weierstrass models over Hirzebruch surfaces. The resulting set of Hodge numbers includes those of all known Calabi-Yau threefolds with h 2,1 ≥ 350, as well as three apparently new Calabi-Yau threefolds. We speculate that there are no other Calabi-Yau threefolds (elliptically fibered or not) with Hodge numbers that exceed this bound. We summarize the theoretical and practical obstacles to a complete enumeration of all possible EFS Calabi-Yau threefolds and fourfolds, including those with small Hodge numbers, using this approach
Black ringoids: spinning balanced black objects in d ≥ 5 dimensions — the codimension-two case

We propose a general framework for the study of asymptotically flat black objects with k + 1 equal magnitude angular momenta in d ≥ 5 spacetime dimensions (with 0 ≤ k ≤ d − 5 2 $$ 0\le k\le \left[\frac{d-5}{2}\right] $$ ). In this approach, the dependence on all angular coordinates but one is factorized, which leads to a codimension-two problem. This framework can describe black holes with spherical horizon topology, the simplest solutions corresponding to a class of Myers-Perry black holes. A different set of solutions describes balanced black objects with S n +1 × S 2 k +1 horizon topology. The simplest members of this family are the black rings ( k = 0). The solutions with k > 0 are dubbed black ringoids . Based on the nonperturbative numerical results found for several values of ( n, k ), we propose a general picture for the properties and the phase diagram of these solutions and the associated black holes with spherical horizon topology: n = 1 black ringoids repeat the k = 0 pattern of black rings and Myers-Perry black holes in 5 dimensions, whereas n > 1 black ringoids follow the pattern of higher dimensional black rings associated with ‘pinched’ black holes and Myers-Perry black holes
Measurement of the ratio of the 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

19 páginas, 3 figuras.-- This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\ud
License 3.0.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A measurement of the ratio of the inclusive 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections as a function of the total jet\ud
transverse momentum, HT, in the range 0.2 < HT < 2.5 TeV is presented. The data have been collected\ud
at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, and correspond\ud
to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. Comparisons are made between the data and the predictions of\ud
different QCD-based Monte Carlo models for multijet production. All models considered in this study are\ud
consistent with the data for HT > 0.5 TeV. This measurement extends to an HT range that has not been\ud
explored before.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria);\ud
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP\ud
(Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS\ud
(Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP\ud
(Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF\ud
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and\ud
DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU\ud
(Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI\ud
(Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR\ud
(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE\ud
(Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding\ud
Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey);\ud
STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer reviewe
A neural biomarker of psychological vulnerability to future life stress.

We all experience a host of common life stressors such as the death of a family member, medical illness, and financial uncertainty. While most of us are resilient to such stressors, continuing to function normally, for a subset of individuals, experiencing these stressors increases the likelihood of developing treatment-resistant, chronic psychological problems, including depression and anxiety. It is thus paramount to identify predictive markers of risk, particularly those reflecting fundamental biological processes that can be targets for intervention and prevention. Using data from a longitudinal study of 340 healthy young adults, we demonstrate that individual differences in threat-related amygdala reactivity predict psychological vulnerability to life stress occurring as much as 1 to 4 years later. These results highlight a readily assayed biomarker, threat-related amygdala reactivity, which predicts psychological vulnerability to commonly experienced stressors and represents a discrete target for intervention and prevention