pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of gaps due to Jupiter in meteoroid streams. What happened with the 2003 Pi-Puppids ?

The original publication is available in Astronomy & Astrophysics at www.aanda.org.International audienceWe simulated the dynamics of the Pi-Puppid meteoroid stream. The evolution of such a short period stream is dominated by close encounters with Jupiter. The effect is so great that it can cause the stream to split into several parts and form gaps. The difference in period of each part leads to the possibility of a meteor outburst on Earth while the parent body is at aphelion. Past observations are linked to streams ejected in the 19th and 20th century. Sometimes there are overlaps between several streams ejected at different perihelion passages of the parent body, affecting the time of maximum meteor activity. Generally speaking, observations suffer from a lack of coverage. In the 1972 and 2003 cases, only radio observations are available, and they are not in accordance with our predictions. This can be due to the radio detectors' lack of sensivity or to the poor knowledge of the efficiency of this physical process
Predicting in vivo gene expression in macrophages after exposure to benzo(a)pyrene based on in vitro assays and toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic models

International audiencePredictive toxicology aims at developing methodologies to relate the results obtained from in vitro experiments to in vivo exposure. In the case of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a substantial amount of knowledge on effects and modes of action has been recently obtained from in vitro studies of gene expression. In the current study, we built a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model to relate in vivo and in vitro gene expression in case of exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a referent PAH. This model was calibrated with two toxicokinetic datasets obtained on rats exposed either through intratracheal instillation or through intravenous administration and on an in vitro degradation study. A good agreement was obtained between the model's predictions and the concentrations measured in target organs, such as liver and lungs. Our model was able to relate correctly the gene expression for two genes targeted by PAHs, measured in vitro on primary human macrophages and in vivo in rat macrophages after exposure to BaP. Combining in vitro studies and PBTK modeling is promising for PAH risk assessment, especially for mixtures which are more efficiently studied in vitro than in vivo
TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region

International audienceAims. Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are bodies populating the Kuiper belt and they are believed to retain the most pristine and least altered material of the solar system. The Herschel open time key programme entitled “TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region” has been awarded 373 h to investigate the albedo, size distribution and thermal properties of TNOs and Centaurs. Here we focus on the brightest targets observed by both the PACS and SPIRE multiband photometers: the dwarf planet Haumea, six TNOs (Huya, Orcus, Quaoar, Salacia, 2002 UX25, and 2002 TC302), and two Centaurs (Chiron and Chariklo).Methods. Flux densities are derived from PACS and SPIRE instruments using optimised data reduction methods. The spectral energy distribution obtained with the Herschel PACS and SPIRE instruments over 6 bands (centred at 70, 100, 160, 250, 350, and 500 μm), with Spitzer-MIPS at 23.7 and 71.4 μm, and with WISE at 11.6 and 22.1 μm in the case of 10199 Chariklo, has been modelled with the NEATM thermal model in order to derive the albedo, diameter, and beaming factor. For the Centaurs Chiron and Chariklo and for the 1000 km sized Orcus and Quaoar, a thermophysical model was also run to better constrain their thermal properties.Results. We derive the size, albedo, and thermal properties, including thermal inertia and surface emissivity, for the 9 TNOs and Centaurs. Several targets show a significant decrease in their spectral emissivity longwards of ~300 μm and especially at 500 μm. Using our size estimations and the mass values available in the literature, we also derive the bulk densities for the binaries Quaoar/Weywot (2.18-0.36+0.43 g/cm3), Orcus/Vanth (1.53-0.13+0.15 g/cm3), and Salacia/Actea (1.29-0.23+0.29 g/cm3). Quaoar’s density is similar to that of the other dwarf planets Pluto and Haumea, and its value implies high contents of refractory materials mixed with ices
Dynamics of histone H3 deposition in vivo reveal a nucleosome gap-filling mechanism for H3.3 to maintain chromatin integrity

International audienceEstablishment of a proper chromatin landscape is central to genome function. Here, we explain H3 variant distribution by specific targeting and dynamics of deposition involving the CAF-1 and HIRA histone chaperones. Impairing replicative H3.1 incorporation via CAF-1 enables an alternative H3.3 deposition at replication sites via HIRA. Conversely, the H3.3 incorporation throughout the cell cycle via HIRA cannot be replaced by H3.1. ChIP-seq analyses reveal correlation between HIRA-dependent H3.3 accumulation and RNA pol II at transcription sites and specific regulatory elements, further supported by their biochemical association. The HIRA complex shows unique DNA binding properties, and depletion of HIRA increases DNA sensitivity to nucleases. We propose that protective nucleosome gap filling of naked DNA by HIRA leads to a broad distribution of H3.3, and HIRA association with Pol II ensures local H3.3 enrichment at specific sites. We discuss the importance of this H3.3 deposition as a salvage pathway to maintain chromatin integrity
Neutrino and antineutrino quasielastic interactions with nuclei

We investigate the interaction of neutrinos and antineutrinos with nuclei. We explore in particular the role played by the multinucleon excitations which can contaminate the quasielastic cross section. For neutrinos the multinucleon term produces a sizable increase of the quasielastic cross section. Part of the effect arises from tensor correlations. For antineutrinos this influence is smaller owing to the axial-vector interference which increases the relative importance of the terms which are not affected by these multinucleon excitations
A vertex detector for the International Linear Collider based on CMOS sensors

The physics programme at the International Linear Collider (ILC) calls for a vertex detector (VD) providing unprecedented flavour tagging performances, especially for c-quarks and τ leptons. This requirement makes a very granular, thin and multi-layer VD installed very close to the interaction region mandatory. Additional constraints, mainly on read-out speed and radiation tolerance, originate from the beam background, which governs the occupancy and the radiation level the detector should be able to cope with. CMOS sensors are being developed to fulfil these requirements. This report addresses the ILC requirements (highly related to beamstrahlung), the main advantages and features of CMOS sensors, the demonstrated performances and the specific aspects of a VD based on this technology. The status of the main R&D directions (radiation tolerance, thinning procedure and read-out speed) are also presented
Monte Carlo Method Applied to the ABV Model of an Interconnect Alloy

5th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSquare 2016)International audienceA Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of a 2D microscopic ABV (metal A, metal B and void V) Ising model of an interconnect alloy is performed by taking into account results of Finite Element methods (FEM) calculations on correlated void-thermal effects. The evolution of a homogeneous structure of a binary alloy containing a small percentage of voids is studied with temperature cycling. The diffusion of voids and segregation of A type or B type metals is a function of the relative interaction energy of the different pairs AA, BB, AB, AV and BV, the initial concentrations of A, B and V and local heating effect due to the presence of clusters of voids. Voids segregates in a matrix of A type, of B type or AB type and form large localized clusters or smaller delocalized ones of different shapes
Scaling precipitation extremes with temperature in the Mediterranean: past climate assessment and projection in anthropogenic scenarios

International audienceIn this study we investigate the scaling of precipitation extremes with temperature in the Mediterranean region by assessing against observations the present day and future regional climate simulations performed in the frame of the HyMeX and MED-CORDEX programs. Over the 1979–2008 period, despite differences in quantitative precipitation simulation across the various models, the change in precipitation extremes with respect to temperature is robust and consistent. The spatial variability of the temperature–precipitation extremes relationship displays a hook shape across the Mediterranean, with negative slope at high temperatures and a slope following Clausius–Clapeyron (CC)-scaling at low temperatures. The temperature at which the slope of the temperature–precipitation extreme relation sharply changes (or temperature break), ranges from about 20 °C in the western Mediterranean to <10 °C in Greece. In addition, this slope is always negative in the arid regions of the Mediterranean. The scaling of the simulated precipitation extremes is insensitive to ocean–atmosphere coupling, while it depends very weakly on the resolution at high temperatures for short precipitation accumulation times. In future climate scenario simulations covering the 2070–2100 period, the temperature break shifts to higher temperatures by a value which is on average the mean regional temperature change due to global warming. The slope of the simulated future temperature–precipitation extremes relationship is close to CC-scaling at temperatures below the temperature break, while at high temperatures, the negative slope is close, but somewhat flatter or steeper, than in the current climate depending on the model. Overall, models predict more intense precipitation extremes in the future. Adjusting the temperature–precipitation extremes relationship in the present climate using the CC law and the temperature shift in the future allows the recovery of the temperature–precipitation extremes relationship in the future climate. This implies negligible regional changes of relative humidity in the future despite the large warming and drying over the Mediterranean. This suggests that the Mediterranean Sea is the primary source of moisture which counteracts the drying and warming impacts on relative humidity in parts of the Mediterranean region
Gas phase dicyanoacetylene (C4N2) on Titan: New experimental and theoretical spectroscopy results applied to Cassini CIRS data

International audienceDicyanoacetylene has not been observed so far in the gas phase in Titan’s atmosphere but this molecule is still on the list of the detected species, on the basis of the correspondence between a solid phase feature measured at 478 cm−1 in the laboratory and a spectral feature observed by Voyager. In this work, the infrared spectrum of gaseous C4N2 has been investigated to improve our knowledge of the band intensities and the line parameters for this molecule. Results of previously investigated bands have been revised and the intensity of the ν9 band at 107 cm−1, measured for the first time, was found to be the strongest absorption in the whole infrared domain. We have also improved the analysis of the complex rotational and hot band structure of C4N2 in order to obtain the first line lists for both bending modes ν8 and ν9. Using our radiative transfer code including the new line list of the strong ν9 band, we have searched for the signature of C4N2 at 107 cm−1 in the atmosphere of Titan utilizing Titan CIRS far infrared spectra. Despite averaging a large number of CIRS spectra at northern latitudes during the very favorable Titan winter, no gaseous C4N2 could be detected. At the 1-σ level we obtain an abundance upper limit of 5.3 × 10−10 for the limb average which is lower than or comparable to previously inferred values. As a consequence, the absence or very low amount of gaseous C4N2 makes quite puzzling its presence in the solid phase with an abundance compatible with the observed spectral feature at 478 cm−
Contribution of the finite volume point dilution method for measurement of groundwater fluxes in a fractured aquifer

International audienceMeasurement of groundwater fluxes is the basis of all hydrogeological study, from hydraulics characterization to the most advanced reactive transport modelling. Usual groundwater fluxes estimation with Darcy's law may lead to cumulated errors on spatial variability, especially in fractured aquifers where local direct measurement of groundwater fluxes becomes necessary.In the present study, both classical Point Dilution Method (PDM) and Finite Volume Point Dilution Method (FVPDM) are compared on the fractured crystalline aquifer of Ploemeur, France. The manipulation includes the first use of the FVPDM in a fractured aquifer using a double packer. This configuration limits the vertical extend of the tested zone to target a precise fracture zone of the aquifer. The result of this experiment is a continuous monitoring of groundwater fluxes that lasted for more than 4 days.Measurements of groundwater flow rate in the fracture (Qt) by PDM provide good estimates only if the mixing volume (Vw) (volume of water in which the tracer is mixed) is precisely known. Conversely, the FVPDM allows for an independent estimation of Vw and Qt, leading to better precision in case of complex experimental setup such as the one used. The precision of a PDM does not rely on the duration of the experiment while a FVPDM may require long experimental duration to guarantees a good precision.Classical PDM should then be used for rapid estimation of groundwater flux using simple experimental setup. On the other hand, the FVPDM is a more precise method that has a great potential for development but may require longer duration experiment to achieve a good precision if the groundwater fluxes investigated are low and/or the mixing volume is large
Sulfur isotope budget (32S, 33S, 34S and 36S) in Pacific-Antarctic ridge basalts: A record of mantle source heterogeneity and hydrothermal sulfide assimilation

International audienceTo better address how Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) sulfur isotope composition can be modified by assimilation and/or by immiscible sulfide fractionation, we report sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl) and copper (Cu) abundances together with multiple sulfur isotope composition for 38 fresh basaltic glasses collected on the Pacific-Antarctic ridge. All the studied glasses - with the exception of 8 off-axis samples - exhibit relatively high Cl/K, as the result of pervasive Cl-rich fluid assimilation. This sample set hence offers an opportunity to document both the upper mantle S isotope composition and the effect of hydrothermal fluids assimilation on the S isotope composition of erupted basalts along segments that are devoid of plume influence. Δ33S and Δ36S yield homogenous values within error of Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT), whereas δ34S are variable, ranging between -1.57 ± 0.11‰ and +0.60 ± 0.10‰ with a mean value of -0.64 ± 0.40‰ (1σ, versus V-CDT). The geographic distribution of δ34S follows a spike-like pattern, with local 34S-enrichments by up to +1.30‰ compared to a low-δ34S baseline. As hydrothermal massive sulfides are characterized by relative 34S-enrichments, such first-order variability can be accounted for by hydrothermal sulfide assimilation, a process that would occur for a subset of samples (n = 10). Excluding these particular samples, the mean δ34S is significantly less variable, averaging at -0.89 ± 0.11‰ (1σ, n = 28), a value that we suggest to be representative of the average MORB source value for Pacific-Antarctic basalts. Weak trends between δ34S and 206Pb/204Pb are displayed by such uncontaminated samples suggesting the recycled oceanic crust to have a modest impact on the S budget of the mantle. Their positive signs, however, suggest the depleted mantle to have a δ34S of -1.40 ± 0.50‰. The sub-chondritic 34S/32S value that was previously observed for the South-Atlantic mantle is here extended to the Pacific-Antarctic domain. Such a feature cannot originate from oceanic crust recycling and substantiates the concept of a core-mantle fractionation relict
Contrasting sea-surface responses between the western Mediterranean Sea and eastern subtropical latitudes of the North Atlantic during abrupt climatic events of MIS 3

EuroCLIMATE project RESOLuTIONInternational audienceAbstract Dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) analysis was conducted on two cores from the SW Iberian margin and central Alboran Sea from which high quality records of Marine Isotope Stage 3 have been previously derived. Our aim in this study is to compare the dinocyst signature between 50 and 25 ka BP with existing datasets of foraminiferal and geochemical proxies related to hydrological parameters. Quantitative reconstructions of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and salinities (SSS) based on dinocysts are performed for the first time in this area. The results are compared to SSTs derived from planktonic foraminifera and alkenone measurements, and to SSS calculated from planktonic δ18O and foraminiferal SST. Significant oscillations related to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles are recorded in both cores. Dinocyst-derived hydrological parameters exhibit synchronous fluctuations and similar values to those derived from the other methods, in particular when considering quantitative reconstructions for February based on foraminifera and dinocysts. Our study shows that the influence of subpolar waters was felt during each Greenland Stadial (GS) off Portugal, and that the amplification of the Heinrich Stadial cooling in the Alboran Sea was related to the penetration of subpolar waters through the Strait of Gibraltar. During Greenland Interstadials (GI), we provide evidence for the occurrence of warm and nutrient-rich sea-surface waters in the Alboran Sea, probably due to gyre-induced upwelling. Finally, the difference between August and February dinocyst SST estimates suggests higher seasonal contrasts during GS compared to GI at the two core sites. Additionally, precession appears to have an imprint on dinocyst-derived long-term seasonality record. However, this observation needs to be confirmed by longer records. Research Highlights ► We provide new dinocyst data on core MD95-2043 (Alboran Sea) during MIS 3. ► Quantitative dinocyst sea-surface parameters (SST, SSS) are reconstructed. ► A multi-proxies compilation (microfossils, alkenones, isotopes) is established. ► This dataset has been compared with the one of a SW Iberian margin core. ► Millennial-scale climatic variability is perfectly apparent from each side of Gibraltar
Spherulite crystallization induces Fe-redox redistribution in silicic melt

International audienceRhyolitic obsidians from Krafla volcano, Iceland, record the interaction between mobile hydrous species liberated during crystal growth and the reduction of ferric iron in the silicate melt. We performed synchrotron µ-FTIR and µ-XANES measurements along a transect extending from a spherulite into optically distinct colorless and brown glass zones. Measurements show that the colorless glass is enriched in OH groups and depleted in ferric iron, while the brown glass shows the opposite relationship. The color shift between brown and clear glass is sharp, suggesting that the colorless glass zone was produced by a redox front that originated from the spherulite margin and moved through surrounding melt during crystallization. We conclude that the most likely reducing agent is hydrogen, produced by magnetite crystallization within the spherulite. The Krafla obsidians dramatically capture redox disequilibrium on the micoscale and highlight the importance of hydrous fluid liberation and late-stage crystallization to the redox signature of glassy lavas
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Gender differences in STEMI

International audienceBACKGROUND: Gender differences in presentation, management and outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been reported. AIM: To determine whether female gender is associated with higher inhospital mortality. METHODS: Data from ORBI, a regional STEMI registry of 5 years' standing, were analysed. The main data on presentation, management, inhospital outcome and prescription at discharge were compared between genders. Various adjusted hazard ratios were then calculated for inhospital mortality (women versus men). RESULTS: The analysis included 5000 patients (mean age 62.6±13 years), with 1174 women (23.5%). Women were on average 8 years older than men, with more frequent co-morbidities. Median ischaemia time was 215 minutes (26 minutes longer in women; P<0.05). Reperfusion strategies in women less frequently involved fibrinolysis, coronary angiography, radial access and thrombo-aspiration. Female gender, especially in patients aged<60 years, was associated with poorer inhospital prognosis (including higher inhospital mortality: 9% vs. 4% in men; P<0.0001), and underutilization of recommended treatments at discharge. Moreover, excess female inhospital mortality was independent of presentation, revascularization time and reperfusion strategy (hazard ratio for women 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.76; P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: One in four patients admitted for STEMI was female, with significant differences in presentation. Female gender was associated with less-optimal treatment, both in the acute-phase and at discharge. Efforts should be made to reduce these differences, especially as female gender was independently associated with an elevated risk of inhospital mortality
Exploratory and instantaneous swimming speeds of amphidromous fish school in shallow-water coastal lagoon channels

International audienceFish school swimming speeds is essential for ecological and management studies. The multibeam sonar in horizontal beaming provided dynamic echo traces of mobile fish schools. We used two school swimming speed indicators: the average of a series of instantaneous speed values, and the exploratory speed. These swimming speeds were estimated for each fish school observed on the basis of their Euclidian position within the sonar beams. The average ISS values per school ranged from 0.15 m s(-1) to 4.46 m s(-1), while the ESS values per school were lower, ranging from 0.04 m s(-1) to 3.77 m s(-1). Multibeam sonar technology makes it possible to measure fish school swimming speeds in their natural habitat at small spatio-temporal scales. This methodology can therefore be used to analyse in situ their movements, and has a wide range of applications in behavioural studies and management purposes
Textmining without document context.

International audienceWe consider a challenging clustering task: the clustering of multi-word terms without document co-occurrence information in order to form coherent groups of topics. For this task, we developed a methodology taking as input multi-word terms and lexico-syntactic relations between them. Our clustering algorithm, named CPCL is implemented in the TermWatch system. We compared CPCL to other existing clustering algorithms, namely hierarchical and partitioning (k-means, k-medoids). This out-of-context clustering task led us to adapt multi-word term representation for statistical methods and also to refine an existing cluster evaluation metric, the editing distance in order to evaluate the methods. Evaluation was carried out on a list of multi-word terms from the genomic field which comes with a hand built taxonomy. Results showed that while k-means and k-medoids obtained good scores on the editing distance, they were very sensitive to term length. CPCL on the other hand obtained a better cluster homogeneity score and was less sensitive to term length. Also, CPCL showed good adaptability for handling very large and sparse matrices