pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Transverse momentum, rapidity, and centrality dependence of inclusive charged-particle production in View the MathML sourcesNN=5.02 TeVp + Pb collisions measured by the ATLAS experiment

Measurements of the per-event charged-particle yield as a function of the charged-particle transverse momentum and rapidity are performed using p+Pbp+Pb collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sourcesNN=5.02TeV. Charged particles are reconstructed over pseudorapidity |η|<2.3|η|<2.3 and transverse momentum between 0.1 GeV0.1 GeV and 22 GeV22 GeV in a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1 μb−11 μb−1. The results are presented in the form of charged-particle nuclear modification factors, where the p+Pbp+Pb charged-particle multiplicities are compared between central and peripheral p+Pbp+Pb collisions as well as to charged-particle cross sections measured in pp   collisions. The p+Pbp+Pb collision centrality is characterized by the total transverse energy measured in −4.9<η<−3.1−4.9<η<−3.1, which is in the direction of the outgoing lead beam. Three different estimations of the number of nucleons participating in the p+Pbp+Pb collision are carried out using the Glauber model and two Glauber–Gribov colour-fluctuation extensions to the Glauber model. The values of the nuclear modification factors are found to vary significantly as a function of rapidity and transverse momentum. A broad peak is observed for all centralities and rapidities in the nuclear modification factors for charged-particle transverse momentum values around 3 GeV3 GeV. The magnitude of the peak increases for more central collisions as well as rapidity ranges closer to the direction of the outgoing lead nucleus
Two benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in the isotype-1 beta-tubulin gene predominate in Haemonchus contortus populations from eight regions in China

Haemonchus contortus is one of the most important parasitic nematodes of small ruminants around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The control of haemonchosis relies mainly on anthelmintics, but the excessive and prolonged use of anthelmintics is causing serious drug resistance issues in many countries. As benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics have been broadly used in China, we hypothesized that resistance is widespread. Given the link between three known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, designated F167Y, E198A and F200Y) in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene and BZ resistance, our goal here was to explore the presence of these mutations in H. contortus from small ruminants (sheep and goats) from eight provinces in China using PCR-coupled sequencing. In addition, the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of isotype-1 β-tubulin sequence haplotypes were also investigated. Among 192 H. contortus adult individuals representing the eight populations, we identified six distinct sequence types, five of which had SNP E198A (GCA) and/or F200Y (TAC). Sequence analysis showed that the frequencies of SNPs E198A and F200Y were 0-70% and 0-31%, respectively. SNP F167Y (TAC) was not detected in any population. In addition, high haplotype diversities (0.455-0.939) and nucleotide diversities (0.018-0.039) were calculated. A network analysis of the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene sequences showed that SNPs E198A and F200Y occurred in multiple distinct groupings, suggesting multiple independent origins of these SNPs. The findings of this first study of SNPs in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene of H. contortus populations suggest that BZ resistance is prevalent in some regions of China, and that any control strategy might focus on monitoring BZ resistance in this country.Restricted Access: Metadata Onl
Variant Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors as Chemosensory Receptors in Drosophila

SummaryIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate neuronal communication at synapses throughout vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. We have characterized a family of iGluR-related genes in Drosophila, which we name ionotropic receptors (IRs). These receptors do not belong to the well-described kainate, AMPA, or NMDA classes of iGluRs, and they have divergent ligand-binding domains that lack their characteristic glutamate-interacting residues. IRs are expressed in a combinatorial fashion in sensory neurons that respond to many distinct odors but do not express either insect odorant receptors (ORs) or gustatory receptors (GRs). IR proteins accumulate in sensory dendrites and not at synapses. Misexpression of IRs in different olfactory neurons is sufficient to confer ectopic odor responsiveness. Together, these results lead us to propose that the IRs comprise a novel family of chemosensory receptors. Conservation of IR/iGluR-related proteins in bacteria, plants, and animals suggests that this receptor family represents an evolutionarily ancient mechanism for sensing both internal and external chemical cues
Effects of Geological Heterogeneity on CO2 Distribution and Migration - A Case Study from the Johansen Formation, Norway

AbstractIn characterizing subsurface reservoirs for CO2 storage, the geological heterogeneity distribution is of importance with respect to the injectivity and migration paths. The object of this study is a saline aquifer of Jurassic age; the Johansen Formation of the Northern North Sea. Through scenario modeling the effect of site-typical geological heterogeneities of depositional origin have been tested. The existence of laterally continuous calcite cemented layers and draping mud layers of low permeability in association with flooding events, could compartmentalize the reservoir. This is not necessarily a disadvantage; however, as the sweep efficiency becomes higher when the plume is spread out, potentially increasing the effect of trapping mechanisms
Clearance of the mutant androgen receptor in motoneuronal models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

AbstractSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked motoneuron disease caused by an abnormal expansion of a tandem CAG repeat in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene that results in an abnormally long polyglutamine tract (polyQ) in the AR protein. As a result, the mutant AR (ARpolyQ) misfolds, forming cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregates in the affected neurons. Neurotoxicity only appears to be associated with the formation of nuclear aggregates. Thus, improved ARpolyQ cytoplasmic clearance, which indirectly decreases ARpolyQ nuclear accumulation, has beneficial effects on affected motoneurons. In addition, increased ARpolyQ clearance contributes to maintenance of motoneuron proteostasis and viability, preventing the blockage of the proteasome and autophagy pathways that might play a role in the neuropathy in SBMA. The expression of heat shock protein B8 (HspB8), a member of the small heat shock protein family, is highly induced in surviving motoneurons of patients affected by motoneuron diseases, where it seems to participate in the stress response aimed at cell protection. We report here that HspB8 facilitates the autophagic removal of misfolded aggregating species of ARpolyQ. In addition, though HspB8 does not influence p62 and LC3 (two key autophagic molecules) expression, it does prevent p62 bodies formation, and restores the normal autophagic flux in these cells. Interestingly, trehalose, a well-known autophagy stimulator, induces HspB8 expression, suggesting that HspB8 might act as one of the molecular mediators of the proautophagic activity of trehalose. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that treatments aimed at restoring a normal autophagic flux that result in the more efficient clearance of mutant ARpolyQ might produce beneficial effects in SBMA patients
Neural correlates of the DemTect in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration – A combined MRI & FDG-PET study

AbstractValid screening devices are critical for an early diagnosis of dementia. The DemTect is such an internationally accepted tool. We aimed to characterize the neural networks associated with performance on the DemTect's subtests in two frequent dementia syndromes: early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Voxel-based group comparisons of cerebral glucose utilization (as measured by F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) and gray matter atrophy (as measured by structural magnetic resonance imaging) were performed on data from 48 subjects with AD (n=21), FTLD (n=14) or subjective cognitive impairment (n=13) as a control group. We performed group comparisons and correlation analyses between multimodal imaging data and performance on the DemTect's subtests. Group comparisons showed regional patterns consistent with previous findings for AD and FTLD. Interestingly, atrophy dominated in FTLD, whereas hypometabolism in AD. Across diagnostic groups performance on the “wordlist” subtest was positively correlated with glucose metabolism in the left temporal lobe. The “number transcoding” subtest was significantly associated with glucose metabolism in both a predominantly left lateralized frontotemporal network and a parietooccipital network including parts of the basal ganglia. Moreover, this subtest was associated with gray matter density in an extensive network including frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital areas. No significant correlates were observed for the “supermarket task” subtest. Scores on the “digit span reverse” subtest correlated with glucose metabolism in the left frontal cortex, the bilateral putamen, the head of caudate nucleus and the anterior insula. Disease-specific correlation analyses could partly verify or extend the correlates shown in the analyses across diagnostic groups. Correlates of gray matter density were found in FTLD for the “number transcoding” subtest and the “digit span reverse” subtest. Correlates of glucose metabolism were found in AD for the “wordlist” subtest and in FTLD for the “digit span reverse” subtest. Our study contributes to the understanding of the neural correlates of cognitive deficits in AD and FTLD and supports an external validation of the DemTect providing preliminary conclusions about disease-specific correlates
Variation of the Detergent-Binding Capacity and Phospholipid Content of Membrane Proteins When Purified in Different Detergents

AbstractPurified membrane proteins are ternary complexes consisting of protein, lipid, and detergent. Information about the amounts of detergent and endogenous phospholipid molecules bound to purified membrane proteins is largely lacking. In this systematic study, three model membrane proteins of different oligomeric states were purified in nine different detergents at commonly used concentrations and characterized biochemically and biophysically. Detergent-binding capacities and phospholipid contents of the model proteins were determined and compared. The insights on ternary complexes obtained from the experimental results, when put into a general context, are summarized as follows. 1), The amount of detergent and 2) the amount of endogenous phospholipids bound to purified membrane proteins are dependent on the size of the hydrophobic lipid-accessible protein surface areas and the physicochemical properties of the detergents used. 3), The size of the detergent and lipid belt surrounding the hydrophobic lipid-accessible surface of purified membrane proteins can be tuned by the appropriate choice of detergent. 4), The detergents n-nonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and Cymal-5 have exceptional delipidating effects on ternary complexes. 5), The types of endogenous phospholipids bound to membrane proteins can vary depending on the detergent used for solubilization and purification. 6), Furthermore, we demonstrate that size-exclusion chromatography can be a suitable method for estimating the molecular mass of ternary complexes. The findings presented suggest a strategy to control and tune the numbers of detergent and endogenous phospholipid molecules bound to membrane proteins. These two parameters are potentially important for the successul crystallization of membrane proteins for structure determination by crystallographic approaches
The 1p36 Tumor Suppressor KIF 1Bβ Is Required for Calcineurin Activation, Controlling Mitochondrial Fission and Apoptosis

SummaryKIF1Bβ is a candidate 1p36 tumor suppressor that regulates apoptosis in the developing sympathetic nervous system. We found that KIF1Bβ activates the Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CN) by stabilizing the CN-calmodulin complex, relieving enzymatic autoinhibition and enabling CN substrate recognition. CN is the key mediator of cellular responses to Ca2+ signals and its deregulation is implicated in cancer, cardiac, neurodegenerative, and immune disease. We show that KIF1Bβ affects mitochondrial dynamics through CN-dependent dephosphorylation of Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Furthermore, KIF1Bβ actuates recognition of all known CN substrates, implying a general mechanism for KIF1Bβ in Ca2+ signaling and how Ca2+-dependent signaling is executed by CN. Pathogenic KIF1Bβ mutations previously identified in neuroblastomas and pheochromocytomas all fail to activate CN or stimulate DRP1 dephosphorylation. Importantly, KIF1Bβ and DRP1 are silenced in 1p36 hemizygous-deleted neuroblastomas, indicating that deregulation of calcineurin and mitochondrial dynamics contributes to high-risk and poor-prognosis neuroblastoma
Identifying mortality risks in patients with opioid use disorder using brief screening assessment: Secondary mental health clinical records analysis

AbstractBackgroundRisk assessments are widely used, but their ability to predict outcomes in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to investigate if addiction-specific brief risk screening is effective in identifying high mortality risk groups and if subsequent clinical actions following risk assessment impacts on mortality levels.MethodsOpioid use disorder (OUD) patients were identified in the South London and Maudsley Case Register. Deaths were identified through database linkage to the national mortality dataset. Cox and competing-risk regression were used to model associations between brief risk assessment domains and all-cause and overdose mortality in 4488 OUD patients, with up-to 6-year follow-up time where 227 deaths were registered. Data were stratified by admission to general mental health services.ResultsAll-cause mortality was significantly associated with unsafe injecting (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10–2.11) and clinically appraised likelihood of accidental overdose (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.00–2.19). Overdose-mortality was significantly associated with unsafe injecting (SHR 2.52, 95% CI 1.11–5.70) and clinically appraised suicidality (SHR 2.89, 95% CI 1.38–6.03). Suicidality was associated with a twofold increase in mortality risk among OUD patients who were not admitted to mental health services within 2 months of their risk assessment (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.67–3.24).ConclusionsDiagnosis-specific brief risk screening can identify OUD patient subgroups at increased risk of all-cause and overdose mortality. OUD patients, where suicidality is evident, who are not admitted into services are particularly vulnerable
Validation of the long international physical activity questionnaire: Influence of age and language region

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the influence of age, gender and language on the measurement properties of the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The aim was to validate the long IPAQ in adults aged 18–84 in the German-, French- and Italian-speaking parts of Switzerland, focusing on differences between gender, age groups and language regions.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the frame of SAPALDIA (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults) in 2011. 346 participants (54.6% women, mean age 54.6years) wore an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer during 8days and completed the IPAQ. IPAQ and accelerometer data on total physical activity and on different intensities as well as sitting time were compared using Spearman correlations and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsCorrelations were highest for vigorous physical activity (r=0.41) and sitting time (r=0.42). Significant gender differences were apparent for leisure-time physical activity (men: r=0.35 versus women: r=0.57, p=0.012) and for sitting time (men: r=0.28 versus women: r=0.53, p=0.007). Differences between age groups were present for sitting time (youngest: r=0.72 versus middle: r=0.36, p<0.001; youngest versus oldest: r=0.34, p=0.001). Differences between language regions were present for vigorous physical activity (German: r=0.28 versus Italian: r=0.53, p=0.033). IPAQ overestimated physical activity but underestimated sitting time.ConclusionThe long IPAQ showed moderate validity similar to other studies when compared to accelerometer data in a diverse sample of individuals. Some sex, age and regional differences were observed but do not seem to limit its applicability in population sub groups
Do we need N3LO parton distributions?

AbstractWe discuss the uncertainty on processes computed using next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) parton distributions (PDFs) due to the neglect of higher order perturbative corrections in the PDF determination, in the specific case of Higgs production in gluon fusion. By studying the behavior of the perturbative series for this process, we show that this uncertainty is negligible in comparison to the theoretical uncertainty on the matrix element. We then take this as a case study for the use of the Cacciari–Houdeau method for the estimate of theoretical uncertainties, and show that the method provides an effective way of treating theoretical uncertainties on the matrix element and the PDF on the same footing. We briefly discuss the possible generalization of these results to other processes, and in particular top production
Inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at s=2.76 TeV

AbstractThe ALICE Collaboration has measured inclusive J/ψ production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=2.76 TeV at the LHC. The results presented in this Letter refer to the rapidity ranges |y|<0.9 and 2.5<y<4 and have been obtained by measuring the electron and muon pair decay channels, respectively. The integrated luminosities for the two channels are Linte=1.1 nb−1 and Lintμ=19.9 nb−1, and the corresponding signal statistics are NJ/ψe+e−=59±14 and NJ/ψμ+μ−=1364±53. We present dσJ/ψ/dy for the two rapidity regions under study and, for the forward-y range, d2σJ/ψ/dydpt in the transverse momentum domain 0<pt<8 GeV/c. The results are compared with previously published results at s=7 TeV and with theoretical calculations
Global uniqueness and reconstruction for the multi-channel Gelʼfand–Calderón inverse problem in two dimensions

AbstractWe study the multi-channel Gelʼfand–Calderón inverse problem in two dimensions, i.e. the inverse boundary value problem for the equation −Δψ+v(x)ψ=0, x∈D, where v is a smooth matrix-valued potential defined on a bounded planar domain D. We give an exact global reconstruction method for finding v from the associated Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. This also yields a global uniqueness results: if two smooth matrix-valued potentials defined on a bounded planar domain have the same Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator then they coincide
Pion–photon transition distribution amplitudes in the spectral quark model

AbstractThe vector and axial pion–photon transition distribution amplitudes are analyzed in the spectral quark model. We proceed by the evaluation of double distributions through the use of a manifestly covariant calculation based on the α representation of propagators. As a result polynomiality is incorporated and calculations become rather simple. Explicit formulas, holding at the low-energy quark-model scale, are obtained. The corresponding form factors for the anomalous decay π0→γγ* and the radiative pion decays π±→l±νlγ are also evaluated and confronted with the data
Black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity with a string cloud background

AbstractWe obtain a black hole solution in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory for the string cloud model in a five-dimensional spacetime. We analyze the event horizons and naked singularities. Later, we compute the Hawking temperature TH, the specific heat C, the entropy S, and the Helmholtz free energy F of the black hole. The entropy was computed using the Wald formulation. In addition, the quantum correction to the Wald's entropy is considered for the string cloud source.We mainly explore the thermodynamical global and local stability of the system with vanishing or non-vanishing cosmological constant. The global thermodynamic phase structure indicates that the Hawking–Page transition is achieved for this model. Further, we observe that there exist stable black holes with small radii and that these regions are enlarged when choosing small values of the string cloud density and of the Gauss–Bonnet parameter. Besides, the rate of evaporation for these black holes are studied, determining whether the evaporation time is finite or not. Then, we concentrate on the dynamical stability of the system, studying the effective potential for s-waves propagating on the string cloud background
Dalitz-plot dependence of CP asymmetry in B±→K±K+K− decays

AbstractA large CP-violating asymmetry predicted recently in the framework of the QCD factorization model for the B±→K±K+K− decays in the range of the K+K− invariant masses above the ϕ(1020) resonance up to 1.4 GeV has been confirmed by the LHCb Collaboration. We discuss the emergence and size of this asymmetry in an extended model involving S- and P-waves together with the contribution from the D-wave f2(1270) resonance and compare our model with the experimental data of the LHCb and BABAR Collaborations
Water delivery and giant impacts in the ‘Grand Tack’ scenario

AbstractA new model for terrestrial planet formation (Hansen [2009]. Astrophys. J., 703, 1131–1140; Walsh, K.J., et al. [2011]. Nature, 2011, 206–209) has explored accretion in a truncated protoplanetary disk, and found that such a configuration is able to reproduce the distribution of mass among the planets in the Solar System, especially the Earth/Mars mass ratio, which earlier simulations have generally not been able to match. Walsh et al. (Walsh, K.J., et al. [2011]. Nature, 2011, 206–209) tested a possible mechanism to truncate the disk—a two-stage, inward-then-outward migration of Jupiter and Saturn, as found in numerous hydrodynamical simulations of giant planet formation. In addition to truncating the disk and producing a more realistic Earth/Mars mass ratio, the migration of the giant planets also populates the asteroid belt with two distinct populations of bodies—the inner belt is filled by bodies originating inside of 3AU, and the outer belt is filled with bodies originating from between and beyond the giant planets (which are hereafter referred to as ‘primitive’ bodies).One implication of the truncation mechanism proposed in Walsh et al. (Walsh, K.J., et al. [2011]. Nature, 2011, 206–209) is the scattering of primitive planetesimals onto planet-crossing orbits during the formation of the planets. We find here that the planets will accrete on order 1–2% of their total mass from these bodies. For an assumed value of 10% for the water mass fraction of the primitive planetesimals, this model delivers a total amount of water comparable to that estimated to be on the Earth today. The radial distribution of the planetary masses and the dynamical excitation of their orbits are a good match to the observed system. However, we find that a truncated disk leads to formation timescales more rapid than suggested by radiometric chronometers. In particular, the last giant impact is typically earlier than 20Myr, and a substantial amount of mass is accreted after that event. This is at odds with the dating of the Moon-forming impact and the estimated amount of mass accreted by Earth following that event. However, 5 of the 27 planets larger than half an Earth mass formed in all simulations do experience large late impacts and subsequent accretion consistent with those constraints