pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Relamination of mafic subducting crust throughout Earth's history

AbstractEarth has likely cooled by several hundred degrees over its history, which has probably affected subduction dynamics and associated magmatism. Today, the process of compositional buoyancy driven upwelling, and subsequent underplating, of subducted materials (commonly referred to as “relamination”) is thought to play a role in the formation of continental crust. Given that Archean continental crust formation is best explained by the involvement of mafic material, we investigate the feasibility of mafic crust relamination under a wide range of conditions applicable to modern and early Earth subduction zones, to assess if such a process might have been viable in an early Earth setting.Our numerical parametric study illustrates that the hotter, thicker-crust conditions of the early Earth favour the upward relamination of mafic subducting crust. The amount of relaminating subducting crust is observed to vary significantly, with subduction convergence rate having the strongest control on the volume of relaminated material. Indeed, removal of the entire mafic crust from the subducting slab is possible for slow subduction (∼2 cm/yr) under Archean conditions. We also observe great variability in the depth at which this separation occurs (80–120 km), with events corresponding to shallower detachment being more voluminous, and that relaminating material has to remain metastably buoyant until this separation depth, which is supported by geological, geophysical and geodynamical observations. Furthermore, this relamination behaviour is commonly episodic with a typical repeat time of approximately 10 Myrs, similar to timescales of episodicity observed in the Archean rock record. We demonstrate that this relamination process can result in the heating of considerable quantities of mafic material (to temperatures in excess of 900 °C), which is then emplaced below the over-riding lithosphere. As such, our results have implications for Archean subduction zone magmatism, for continental crust formation in the early Earth, and provide a novel explanation for the secular evolution of continental crust
Analysis of electrically evoked compound action potential of the auditory nerve in children with bilateral cochlear implants

AbstractIntroductionThe cochlear implant device has the capacity to measure the electrically evoked compound action potential of the auditory nerve. The neural response telemetry is used in order to measure the electrically evoked compound action potential of the auditory nerve.ObjectiveTo analyze the electrically evoked compound action potential, through the neural response telemetry, in children with bilateral cochlear implants.MethodsThis is an analytical, prospective, longitudinal, historical cohort study. Six children, aged 1–4 years, with bilateral cochlear implant were assessed at five different intervals during their first year of cochlear implant use.ResultsThere were significant differences in follow-up time (p=0.0082) and electrode position (p=0.0019) in the T-NRT measure. There was a significant difference in the interaction between time of follow-up and electrode position (p=0.0143) when measuring the N1-P1 wave amplitude between the three electrodes at each time of follow-up.ConclusionThe electrically evoked compound action potential measurement using neural response telemetry in children with bilateral cochlear implants during the first year of follow-up was effective in demonstrating the synchronized bilateral development of the peripheral auditory pathways in the studied population
PT-imbalance in dimuon + jet production as a signal of partonic energy loss in heavy ion collisions at LHC

AbstractWe consider a hard jet production tagged by a muon pair in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The process cross section is calculated by the CompHEP Monte Carlo generator taking into account full γ*/Z interference pattern at LHC energies. We have found that reasonable statistics, ∼1000 events per 1 month of LHC run with lead beams, can be expected for realistic geometrical acceptance and kinematic cuts. The transverse momentum imbalance due to interactions of jet partons in the medium is evaluated for μ+μ− pair + jet correlation, as well as for the correlation between μ+μ− pair and a leading particle in a jet. Theoretical and experimental uncertainties of these observables are discussed
Features of the UK childcare environment and associations with preschooler's in-care physical activity

AbstractObjectiveFeatures of the childcare environment may influence children's in-care physical activity (PA). We assessed the association between UK preschool care-provider, environmental and policy factors and 3–4-year-olds' average daily in-care sedentary behaviour (SED) and PA.MethodsIn 2013, we used accelerometers to measure the in-care SED/ PA of 201 3–4-year-old children (51% female) in 30 preschools in Cambridgeshire, UK, (average wear time: (mean±SD) 4.2±1.3week-days). We assessed the childcare environment using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation tool; demographic and carer information was taken from questionnaires. We used three-level mixed-effects regression analyses (adjusted for sex, in-care time and travel mode to care) to determine the association between childcare factors and children's in-care average daily minutes/hour spent SED, in light PA (LPA) and in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).ResultsChildren spent 5.6±2.5h in care per day on average; clustering of PA within preschools was limited (ICCs: 0.003–0.05). Fully adjusted models showed that active opportunities were positively associated with children's in-care SED. No associations with in-care LPA and MVPA were observed.ConclusionFew care-provider, environmental and policy factors were associated with children's in-care activity. UK childcare policies advocating child-driven play, moving freely indoors and outdoors, may be more conducive to individual children's PA
Toll-like receptor 2/MyD88 signaling mediates zymosan-induced joint hypernociception in mice: Participation of TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1/KC

AbstractArthritic pain is a serious health problem that affects a large number of patients. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation within the joints has been implicated in pathophysiology of arthritis. However, their role in the genesis of arthritic pain needs to be demonstrated. In the present study, it was addressed the participation of TLR2 and TLR4 and their adaptor molecule MyD88 in the genesis of joint hypernociception (a decrease in the nociceptive threshold) during zymosan-induced arthritis. Zymosan injected in the tibio-tarsal joint induced mechanical hypernociception in C57BL/6 wild type mice that was reduced in TLR2 and MyD88 null mice. On the other hand, zymosan-induced hypernociception was similar in C3H/HePas and C3H/HeJ mice (TLR4 mutant mice). Zymosan-induced joint hypernociception was also reduced in TNFR1 null mice and in mice treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist or with an antagonist of CXCR1/2. Moreover, the joint production of TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1/KC by zymosan was dependent on TLR2/MyD88 signaling. Investigating the mechanisms by which TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1/KC mediate joint hypernociception, joint administration of these cytokines produced mechanical hypernociception, and they act in an interdependent manner. In last instance, their hypernociceptive effects were dependent on the production of hypernociceptive mediators, prostaglandins and sympathetic amines. These results indicate that in zymosan-induced experimental arthritis, TLR2/MyD88 is involved in the cascade of events of joint hypernociception through a mechanism dependent on cytokines and chemokines production. Thus, TLR2/MyD88 signaling might be a target for the development of novel drugs to control pain in arthritis
Compositionality in Dataflow Synchronous Languages: Specification and Distributed Code Generation

AbstractModularity is advocated as a solution for the design of large systems; the mathematical translation of this concept is often that of compositionality. This paper is devoted to the issues of compositionality for modular code generation, in dataflow synchronous languages. As careless reuse of object code in new or evolving system designs fails to work, we first concentrate on what are the additional features needed to abstract programs for the purpose of code generation: we show that a central notion is that of scheduling specification as resulting from a causality analysis of the given program. Using this notion, we study separate compilation for synchronous programs. An entire section is devoted to the formal study of causality and scheduling specifications. Then we discuss the issue of distributed implementation using an asynchronous medium of communication. Our main results are that it is possible to characterize those synchronous programs which can be distributed on an asynchronous architecture without loosening semantic properties. Two new notions of endochrony and isochrony are introduced for this purpose. As a result, we derive a theory for synthesizing additional schedulers and protocols needed to guarantee the correctness of distributed code generation. Corresponding algorithms are implemented in the framework of the DC+ common format for synchronous languages, and the V4 release of the SIGNAL language
Homogenization of fully overdamped Frenkel–Kontorova models

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the fully overdamped Frenkel–Kontorova model. This is an infinite system of coupled first-order ODEs. Each ODE represents the microscopic evolution of one particle interacting with its neighbors and submitted to a fixed periodic potential. After a proper rescaling, a macroscopic model describing the evolution of densities of particles is obtained. We get this homogenization result for a general class of Frenkel–Kontorova models. The proof is based on the construction of suitable hull functions in the framework of viscosity solutions
On the κ-Dirac oscillator revisited

AbstractThis Letter is based on the κ-Dirac equation, derived from the κ-Poincaré–Hopf algebra. It is shown that the κ-Dirac equation preserves parity while breaks charge conjugation and time reversal symmetries. Introducing the Dirac oscillator prescription, p→p−imωβr, in the κ-Dirac equation, one obtains the κ-Dirac oscillator. Using a decomposition in terms of spin angular functions, one achieves the deformed radial equations, with the associated deformed energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The deformation parameter breaks the infinite degeneracy of the Dirac oscillator. In the case where ε=0, one recovers the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Dirac oscillator
Heavy pentaquark states Pc(4380) and Pc(4450) in the J/ψ production induced by pion beams off the nucleon

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the J/ψ production induced by pion beams off the nucleon, particularly the heavy pentaquarks Pc(4380) and Pc(4450) in intermediate states, based on a hybridized Regge model. The process involving ρ and π meson exchange in the t channel is considered as background, and the heavy pentaquark exchange is included in the s channel. The coupling constants such as the ρNN and πNN vertices are taken from the NN potentials, whereas those for the J/ψρπ and J/ψππ vertices are determined by using experimental data based on the branching ratios. In order to estimate the Pc(4380) and Pc(4450) coupling constants, we use the experimental upper limit on the total cross section as a guide for the πN→J/ψN reaction. The background total cross section is the order of 10−4–10−3 nb. In the vicinity of the heavy pentaquark masses, the total cross section reaches about 1 nb
Mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the cervix: Case report and literature review

AbstractA mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the cervix is a very rare tumor deriving from remnants of the mesonephric duct. Differential diagnosis from other cervical carcinomas is difficult and little is known regarding its biological behavior, prognosis, and the optimal management strategy. We present a case of a mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the cervix with a comprehensive review of the existing literature. In this case a 66-year-old woman presented with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. She was diagnosed with a FIGO stage IIB mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the cervix and treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and a Wertheim hysterectomy. The recovery from surgery was uneventful and the patient remains with no evidence of disease with 2years of follow-up
Solar WIMPs unravelled: Experiments, astrophysical uncertainties, and interactive tools

AbstractThe absence of a neutrino flux from self-annihilating dark matter captured in the Sun has tightly constrained some leading particle dark matter scenarios. The impact of astrophysical uncertainties on the capture process of dark matter in the Sun and hence also the derived constraints by neutrino telescopes need to be taken into account. In this review we have explored relevant uncertainties in solar WIMP searches, summarized results from leading experiments, and provided an outlook into upcoming searches and future experiments. We have created an interactive plotting tool that allows the user to view current limits and projected sensitivities of major experiments under changing astrophysical conditions
The preservation of δSSO434 and δOSO418 in carbonate-associated sulfate during marine diagenesis: A 25 Myr test case using marine sediments

AbstractA 25 million year record of the sulfur and oxygen isotope composition of marine carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) was constructed from 55 nannofossil ooze samples at three different locations. We tested the impact of early marine diagenesis on CAS by comparing the CAS extractions to the sulfur and oxygen isotope composition of the associated pore fluid sulfate, to determine the degree of pore fluid incorporation during carbonate recrystallization. Neither the sulfur nor the oxygen isotope composition of CAS are completely overprinted by incorporation of pore fluid sulfate. We compare our record to the sulfur and oxygen isotope records of coeval barite. The sulfur isotope record is in agreement with the barite record within ±2‰, except where very young (<2 Ma) sediments are in the presence of highly evolved pore fluid sulfate (δS34=70‰). A simple recrystallization model is used to illustrate the sensitivity of CAS δSSO434 to sedimentation rate, and to emphasize that careful sample selection, along with an analysis of early diagenetic environmental conditions is crucial when interpreting CAS sulfur isotopes. Oxygen isotopes in CAS are more complex and do not reproduce similar values to those of coeval barite. We conclude that oxygen isotopes in sulfate may remain a useful proxy but merit closer attention in the future
Can 14- to 20-month-old children learn that a tool serves multiple purposes? A developmental study on children’s action goal prediction

AbstractWe investigated infants’ visual anticipations to the target of an ongoing tool-use action and examined if infants can learn that tools serve multiple functions and can thus be used on different targets. Specifically, we addressed the question at what age children are able to predict the goal of an ongoing tool-use action on the basis of how the actor initiates the action. Fourteen- and 20-month-old children watched a model using a tool to execute two different actions. Each way of grasping and holding the tool was predictive for its use on a particular target. Analyses revealed that the 20- but not the 14-month-olds were able to visually anticipate to the correct target during action observation, which suggests that they perceived the initial part of the tool-use action as predictive for its use on an action target
Formation of Bi, Pb-2223 and Microstructural Evolution in Pb-Ca-Cu Deposited Bi-2212(001) Single Crystal by Heat Treatment

AbstractIn order to study the mechanism of phase transformation from Bi-2212 to Bi-2223, we fabricated Pb-Ca-Cu deposited Bi-2212 (001) single crystals as precursors of the Bi,Pb-2223 phase. These single crystals were heated in a sintered Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O pellet, and microstructure was observed by analytical electron microscopy. As a result of the microstructural observation around the Bi,Pb- 2223 phase, two formation paths of Bi,Pb-2223 were recognized. One is the formation from a liquid phase which is formed by Bi- 2212 and melting of the secondary phases such as (Ca,Sr)2PbO4 and CuO. The other is the growth of Bi,Pb-2223 into Bi-2212 phase by diffusion of Pb, Ca and Cu atoms along the <hk0> directions of Bi-2212
Mobility of Core Water in Bacillus subtilis Spores by 2H NMR

AbstractBacterial spores in a metabolically dormant state can survive long periods without nutrients under extreme environmental conditions. The molecular basis of spore dormancy is not well understood, but the distribution and physical state of water within the spore is thought to play an important role. Two scenarios have been proposed for the spore’s core region, containing the DNA and most enzymes. In the gel scenario, the core is a structured macromolecular framework permeated by mobile water. In the glass scenario, the entire core, including the water, is an amorphous solid and the quenched molecular diffusion accounts for the spore’s dormancy and thermal stability. Here, we use 2H magnetic relaxation dispersion to selectively monitor water mobility in the core of Bacillus subtilis spores in the presence and absence of core Mn2+ ions. We also report and analyze the solid-state 2H NMR spectrum from these spores. Our NMR data clearly support the gel scenario with highly mobile core water (∼25 ps average rotational correlation time). Furthermore, we find that the large depot of manganese in the core is nearly anhydrous, with merely 1.7% on average of the maximum sixfold water coordination
Confirmation of functional zones within the human subthalamic nucleus: Patterns of connectivity and sub-parcellation using diffusion weighted imaging

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a small, glutamatergic nucleus situated in the diencephalon. A critical component of normal motor function, it has become a key target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Animal studies have demonstrated the existence of three functional sub-zones but these have never been shown conclusively in humans. In this work, a data driven method with diffusion weighted imaging demonstrated that three distinct clusters exist within the human STN based on brain connectivity profiles. The STN was successfully sub-parcellated into these regions, demonstrating good correspondence with that described in the animal literature. The local connectivity of each sub-region supported the hypothesis of bilateral limbic, associative and motor regions occupying the anterior, mid and posterior portions of the nucleus respectively. This study is the first to achieve in-vivo, non-invasive anatomical parcellation of the human STN into three anatomical zones within normal diagnostic scan times, which has important future implications for deep brain stimulation surgery
A new more consistent Reynolds model for piezoviscous hydrodynamic lubrication problems in line contact devices

AbstractHydrodynamic lubrication problems in piezoviscous regime are usually modeled by the classical Reynolds equation combined with a suitable law for the pressure dependence of viscosity. For the case of pressure–viscosity dependence in the Stokes equation, a new Reynolds equation in the thin film limit has been proposed by Rajagopal and Szeri. However, these authors consider some additional simplifications. In the present work, avoiding these simplifications and starting from a Stokes equation with pressure dependence of viscosity through Barus law, a new Reynolds model for line contact lubrication problems is deduced, in which the cavitation phenomenon is also taken into account. Thus, the new complete model consists of a nonlinear free boundary problem associated to the proposed new Reynolds equation.Moreover, the classical model, the one proposed by Rajagopal and Szeri and the here proposed one are simulated through the development of some numerical algorithms involving finite elements method, projected relaxation techniques, duality type numerical strategies and fixed point iteration techniques. Finally, several numerical tests are performed to carry out a comparative analysis among the different models
Electron–positron pair production in ion collisions at low velocity beyond Born approximation

AbstractWe derive the spectrum and the total cross section of electromagnetic e+e− pair production in the collisions of two nuclei at low relative velocity β. Both free–free and bound-free e+e− pair production is considered. The parameters ηA,B=ZA,Bα are assumed to be small compared to unity but arbitrary compared to β (ZA,B are the charge numbers of the nuclei and α is the fine structure constant). Due to a suppression of the Born term by high power of β, the first Coulomb correction to the amplitude appears to be important at ηA,B≳β. The effect of a finite nuclear mass is discussed. In contrast to the result obtained in the infinite nuclear mass limit, the terms ∝M−2 are not suppressed by the high power of β and may easily dominate at sufficiently small velocities
Effective fermion–Higgs interactions at an e+e− collider with polarized beams

AbstractWe consider the possibility of new physics giving rise to effective interactions of the form e+e−Hff¯, where f represents a charged lepton ℓ or a (light) quark q, and H the recently discovered Higgs boson. Such vertices would give contributions beyond the standard model to the Higgs production processes e+e−→Hℓ+ℓ− and e+e−→Hqq¯ at a future e+e− collider. We write the most general form for these vertices allowed by Lorentz symmetry. Assuming that such interactions contribute in addition to the standard model production processes, where the final-state fermion pair comes from the decay of the Z boson, we obtain the differential cross section for the processes e+e−→Hℓ+ℓ− and e+e−→Hqq¯ to linear order in the effective interactions. We propose several observables with differing CP and T properties which, if measured, can be used to constrain the couplings occurring in interaction vertices. We derive possible limits on these couplings that may be obtained at a collider with centre-of-mass energy of 500 GeV and an integrated luminosity of 500 fb−1. We also carry out the analysis assuming that both the electron and positron beams can be longitudinally polarized, and find that the sensitivity to the couplings can be improved by a factor of 2–4 by a specific choice of the signs of the polarizations of both the electron and positron beams for the same integrated luminosity
Dilepton signatures of family non-universal U (1)′

The supersymmetric models extending the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) by an additional Abelian gauge factor U (1)′ in order to solve the μ problem do generically suffer from anomalies disrupting the gauge coupling unification found in the MSSM. The anomalies are absent if the minimal matter content necessitated by the μ problem is augmented with exotic matter species having appropriate quantum numbers. Recently, it has been shown that anomaly cancellation can also be accomplished by introducing family non-universal U (1)′ charges and non-holomorphic soft-breaking terms [D.A. Demir, G.L. Kane, T.T. Wang, Phys. Rev. D 72 (2005) 015012, hep-ph/0503290]. We discuss collider signatures of anomaly-free family non-universal U (1)′ model by analyzing dilepton production in future colliders. We find that, both at LHC and NLC, one can establish existence/absence of such a Z′ boson by simply comparing the number of dilepton production events for electron, muon and tau lepton. The signal is free of the SM background.TÜBİTA