pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
“These things are dangerous”: Understanding induced abortion trajectories in urban Zambia

AbstractUnsafe abortion is a significant but preventable cause of global maternal mortality and morbidity. Zambia has among the most liberal abortion laws in sub-Saharan Africa, however this alone does not guarantee access to safe abortion, and 30% of maternal mortality is attributable to unsafe procedures. Too little is known about the pathways women take to reach abortion services in such resource-poor settings, or what informs care-seeking behaviours, barriers and delays. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted in 2013 with 112 women who accessed abortion-related care in a Lusaka tertiary government hospital at some point in their pathway. The sample included women seeking safe abortion and also those receiving hospital care following unsafe abortion. We identified a typology of three care-seeking trajectories that ended in the use of hospital services: clinical abortion induced in hospital; clinical abortion initiated elsewhere, with post-abortion care in hospital; and non-clinical abortion initiated elsewhere, with post-abortion care in hospital. Framework analyses of 70 transcripts showed that trajectories to a termination of an unwanted pregnancy can be complex and iterative. Individuals may navigate private and public formal healthcare systems and consult unqualified providers, often trying multiple strategies. We found four major influences on which trajectory a woman followed, as well as the complexity and timing of her trajectory: i) the advice of trusted others ii) perceptions of risk iii) delays in care-seeking and receipt of services and iv) economic cost. Even though abortion is legal in Zambia, girls and women still take significant risks to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Levels of awareness about the legality of abortion and its provision remain low even in urban Zambia, especially among adolescents. Unofficial payments required by some providers can be a major barrier to safe care. Timely access to safe abortion services depends on chance rather than informed exercise of entitlement
Delambre–Gauss formulas for augmented, right-angled hexagons in hyperbolic 4-space

AbstractWe study the geometry of right-angled hexagons in the hyperbolic 4-space H4 via Clifford numbers or quaternions. We show how to augment alternate sides of such a hexagon and arbitrarily orient each line and plane involved, so that for the non-augmented sides, we can define quaternion half side-lengths whose angular parts are obtained from half the Euler angles associated to a certain orientation-preserving isometry of the Euclidean 3-space. We also define appropriate complex half side-lengths for the augmented sides of the augmented hexagon. We further explain how to geometrically read off the quaternion half side-lengths for a given oriented, augmented, right-angled hexagon in H4. Our main result is a set of generalized Delambre–Gauss formulas for oriented, augmented, right-angled hexagons in H4, involving the quaternion half side-lengths and the complex half side-lengths. We also show in the appendix how the same method gives Delambre–Gauss formulas for oriented right-angled hexagons in H3, from which the well-known laws of sines and of cosines can be deduced. These formulas generalize the classical Delambre–Gauss formulas for spherical/hyperbolic triangles
Exhuming the Meso–Cenozoic Kyrgyz Tianshan and Siberian Altai-Sayan: A review based on low-temperature thermochronology

AbstractThermochronological datasets for the Kyrgyz Tianshan and Siberian Altai-Sayan within Central Asia reveal a punctuated exhumation history during the Meso–Cenozoic. In this paper, the datasets for both regions are collectively reviewed in order to speculate on the links between the Meso–Cenozoic exhumation of the continental Eurasian interior and the prevailing tectonic processes at the plate margins. Whereas most of the thermochronological data across both regions document late Jurassic–Cretaceous regional basement cooling, older landscape relics and dissecting fault zones throughout both regions preserve Triassic and Cenozoic events of rapid cooling, respectively. Triassic cooling is thought to reflect the Qiangtang–Eurasia collision and/or rifting/subsidence in the West Siberian basin. Alternatively, this cooling signal could be related with the terminal terrane-amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. For the Kygyz Tianshan, late Jurassic–Cretaceous regional exhumation and Cenozoic fault reactivations can be linked with specific tectonic events during the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys Oceans, respectively. The effect of the progressive consumption of these oceans and the associated collisions of Cimmeria and India with Eurasia probably only had a minor effect on the exhumation of the Siberian Altai-Sayan. More likely, tectonic forces from the east (present-day coordinates) as a result of the building and collapse of the Mongol-Okhotsk orogen and rifting in the Baikal region shaped the current Siberian Altai-Sayan topography. Although many of these hypothesised links need to be tested further, they allow a first-order insight into the dynamic response and the stress propagation pathways from the Eurasian margin into the continental interior
Selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition reduces neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries after surgical endarterectomy

ObjectiveLong-term results of surgical vessel reconstruction are compromised by restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia. Recent studies suggest that reduced cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is associated with neointima formation. In a rat model of endarterectomy, we investigated the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate degradation on neointima formation by using the selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil.MethodsCarotid endarterectomy was performed in male Sprague–Dawley rats by means of incision of the right common carotid artery with removal of intima. Four groups were studied: unoperated control rats (n = 4), sham-operated rats (n = 9), control rats with endarterectomy (n = 9), or endarterectomized rats treated with vardenafil (10 mg/kg/day) postoperatively (n = 9). After 3 weeks, vessel compartment areas were measured by means of conventional microscopy with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to confirm neointima formation and the local cyclic guanosine monophosphate content. Plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate were determined by means of enzyme immunoassay. Student's t test was used for statistical evaluation.ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis demonstrated intensive staining for transforming growth factor β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in the control neointima. Vardenafil significantly reduced the stenosis grade (24.64% ± 7.46% vs 54.12% ± 10.30% in the control group, P < .05) and expression of transforming growth factor β1, as well as α-smooth muscle actin, in the neointima. The immunohistochemical score for cyclic guanosine monophosphate was higher in the treated neointima (4.80 ± 0.76 vs 2.84 ± 0.40 in the control group, P < .05), and increased plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were found by means of enzyme immunoassay as well (84.65 ± 12.77 pmol/mL vs 43.50 ± 3.30 pmol/mL in the control group, P < .05).ConclusionsTreatment with vardenafil can be considered a new possibility to prevent neointimal hyperplasia after endarterectomy
Testing the new CP phase in a supersymmetric model with Q6 family symmetry by Bs mixing

AbstractThe new contribution to the non-diagonal matrix element M12 of the neutral Bs meson system is investigated in a supersymmetric extension of the standard model based on the discrete Q6 family symmetry. We assume that CP is explicitly, but softly broken only by the b terms in the soft supersymmetry breaking sector. We find that the new contributions to M12 are real, and that nevertheless there exists an observable difference in the CP phase compared with the standard model. We focus our attention on the flavor-specific CP asymmetry afss, and find that afss of the model is mostly negative and its size can be one order of magnitude larger the standard model value. This prediction is consistent with the current experimental value, and might be experimentally tested in future
Dijet production in s=7 TeV pp collisions with large rapidity gaps at the ATLAS experiment

AbstractA 6.8 nb−1 sample of pp collision data collected under low-luminosity conditions at s=7TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used to study diffractive dijet production. Events containing at least two jets with pT>20GeV are selected and analysed in terms of variables which discriminate between diffractive and non-diffractive processes. Cross sections are measured differentially in ΔηF, the size of the observable forward region of pseudorapidity which is devoid of hadronic activity, and in an estimator, ξ˜, of the fractional momentum loss of the proton assuming single diffractive dissociation (pp→pX). Model comparisons indicate a dominant non-diffractive contribution up to moderately large ΔηF and small ξ˜, with a diffractive contribution which is significant at the highest ΔηF and the lowest ξ˜. The rapidity-gap survival probability is estimated from comparisons of the data in this latter region with predictions based on diffractive parton distribution functions
Flexural and Compressive Properties of Hybrid Kenaf/Silica Nanoparticles in Epoxy Composite

AbstractKenaf fiber like other natural fibers is used as a sustainable form of material to fabricate composite. But natural fibers are generally weaker than synthetic fibers due to the porosity of the fibers making them grow weaker mechanically and physically as time passes. To improve the quality of kenaf reinforced composite, silica nanoparticles was introduced as a filler material. Silica nanoparticle is a material with high surface area contributing to its high interfacial interaction with the matrix resulting in the improvement of the matrix. In this work, the composites were fabricated via vacuum infusion process by creating a system in which the compressed randomly orientated kenaf mat are laid in. The silica nanoparticles are dispersed into the epoxy using a homogenizer at 3000rpm for 10minutes before being infused into the fibers. The results shows that generally the inclusion of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles had a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties. However, composites with 2 vol% silica had the best mechanical properties of specimens with silica nanoparticles included at 43.8MPa and 3.05GPa for flexural strength and flexural modulus, and 40.0MPa and 1.15GPa for compressive strength and compressive modulus, respectively
Dual Toxic-Peptide-Coding Staphylococcus aureus RNA under Antisense Regulation Targets Host Cells and Bacterial Rivals Unequally

SummaryProduced from the pathogenicity islands of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, stable SprG1 RNA encodes two peptides from a single internal reading frame. These two peptides accumulate at the membrane, and inducing their expression triggers S. aureus death. Replacement of the two initiation codons by termination signals reverses this toxicity. During growth, cis-antisense RNA SprF1 is expressed, preventing mortality by reducing SprG1 RNA and peptide levels. The peptides are secreted extracellularly, where they lyse human host erythrocytes, a process performed more efficiently by the longer peptide. The two peptides also inactivate Gram-negative and -positive bacteria, with the shorter peptide more effective against S. aureus rivals. Two peptides are secreted from an individual RNA containing two functional initiation codons. Thus, we present an unconventional type I toxin-antitoxin system expressed from a human pathogen producing two hemolytic and antibacterial peptides from a dual-coding RNA, negatively regulated by a dual-acting antisense RNA
Measurement of the prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) polarizations in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe polarizations of prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are measured in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV, using a dimuon data sample collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb−1. The prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) polarization parameters λϑ, λφ, and λϑφ, as well as the frame-invariant quantity λ˜, are measured from the dimuon decay angular distributions in three different polarization frames. The J/ψ results are obtained in the transverse momentum range 14<pT<70 GeV, in the rapidity intervals |y|<0.6 and 0.6<|y|<1.2. The corresponding ψ(2S) results cover 14<pT<50 GeV and include a third rapidity bin, 1.2<|y|<1.5. No evidence of large polarizations is seen in these kinematic regions, which extend much beyond those previously explored
Examining a right-handed quark mixing matrix with b-tags at the LHC

AbstractEncouraged by a hint in a search for right-handed W bosons at the LHC, we investigate whether the unitarity of a right-handed quark mixing matrix and the equality of the left- and right-handed quark mixing matrices could be tested at the LHC. We propose a particular test, involving counting the numbers of b-tags in the final state, and simulate the test at the event level with Monte-Carlo tools for the forthcoming s=13 TeV LHC run. We find that testing unitarity with 20/fb will be challenging; our test successfully rejects unitarity if the right-handed quark mixing matrix is non-unitary, but only in particular cases. On the other hand, our test may provide the first opportunity to test the unitarity of a right-handed quark mixing matrix and with 3000/fb severely constrains possible departures from unitarity in the latter. We refine our previous work, testing the equality of quark mixing matrices, with full collider simulation. With 20/fb, we are sensitive to mixing angles as small as 30°, and with 3000/fb, angles as small as 7.5°, confirming our preliminary analysis. We briefly investigate testing the unitarity of the SM CKM matrix with a similar method by studying semileptonic tt¯ production, concluding that systematics make it particularly difficult
Search for direct CP violation in D0→h−h+ modes using semileptonic B decays

AbstractA search for direct CP violation in D0→h−h+ (where h=K or π) is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by LHCb in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The analysis uses D0 mesons produced in inclusive semileptonic b-hadron decays to the D0μX final state, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to tag the flavour of the D0 meson. The difference in the CP-violating asymmetries between the two decay channels is measured to beΔACP=ACP(K−K+)−ACP(π−π+)=(0.49±0.30(stat)±0.14(syst))%. This result does not confirm the evidence for direct CP violation in the charm sector reported in other analyses
Observation of the suppressed ADS modes B±→[π±K∓π+π−]DK± and B±→[π±K∓π+π−]Dπ±

AbstractAn analysis of B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± decays is presented where the D meson is reconstructed in the four-body final state K±π∓π+π−. Using LHCb data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb−1, first observations are made of the suppressed ADS modes B±→[π±K∓π+π−]DK± and B±→[π±K∓π+π−]Dπ± with a significance of 5.1σ and greater than 10σ, respectively. Measurements of CP asymmetries and CP-conserving ratios of partial widths from this family of decays are also performed. The magnitude of the ratio between the suppressed and favoured B±→DK± amplitudes is determined to be rBK=0.097±0.011
750 GeV diphoton excess from gauged B−L symmetry

AbstractWe show that the recently observed 750 GeV diphoton excess at LHC can be due to the decay of a SU(2)L singlet scalar particle having 3 units of charge under gauged B−L symmetry. Such a particle arises as an essential ingredient of recently studied gauged B−L extension of the Standard Model with unconventional charge assignment for right handed neutrinos. Apart from being one of the simplest extensions of the Standard Model, the model also contains a dark matter candidate and Dirac neutrinos with naturally small masses
Search for the KS→e+e− decay with the KLOE detector

AbstractWe present the result of a direct search for the decay KS→e+e−, obtained with a sample of e+e−→ϕ→KSKL events produced at DAΦNE, the Frascati ϕ-factory, for an integrated luminosity of 1.9 fb−1. The search has been performed using a pure KS beam tagged by the simultaneous detection of a KL interaction in the calorimeter. Background rejection has been optimized by using both kinematic and particle identification cuts. We find BR(KS→e+e−)<9×10−9 at 90% CL, which improves by an order of magnitude on the previous best limit
From Petrov–Einstein–Dilaton–Axion to Navier–Stokes equation in anisotropic model

AbstractIn this paper we generalize the previous works to the case that the near-horizon dynamics of the Einstein–Dilaton–Axion theory can be governed by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation via imposing the Petrov-like boundary condition on hypersurfaces in the non-relativistic and near-horizon limit. The dynamical shear viscosity η of such dual horizon fluid in our scenario, which isotropically saturates the Kovtun–Son–Starinet (KSS) bound, is independent of both the dilaton field and axion field in that limit
Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production.

Intestinal microbiota are critical for health with changes associated with diverse human diseases. Research suggests that altered intestinal microbiota can  profoundly affect brain function. However, whether altering brain function directly affects the microbiota is unknown. Since it is currently unclear how brain injury induces clinical complications such as infections or paralytic ileus, key contributors to prolonged hospitalization and death post-stroke, we tested in mice the hypothesis that brain damage induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. Experimental stroke altered the composition of caecal microbiota, with specific changes in Peptococcaceae and Prevotellaceae correlating with the extent of injury. These effects are mediated by noradrenaline release from the autonomic nervous system with altered caecal mucoprotein production and goblet cell numbers. Traumatic brain injury also caused changes in the gut microbiota, confirming brain injury effects gut microbiota. Changes in intestinal microbiota  after brain injury may affect recovery and treatment of patients should appreciate such changes
Results from a set of three-dimensional numerical experiments of a hot
  Jupiter atmosphere

We present highlights from a large set of simulations of a hot Jupiter
atmosphere, nominally based on HD 209458b, aimed at exploring both the
evolution of the deep atmosphere, and the acceleration of the zonal flow or
jet. We find the occurrence of a super-rotating equatorial jet is robust to
changes in various parameters, and over long timescales, even in the absence of
strong inner or bottom boundary drag. This jet is diminished in one simulation
only, where we strongly force the deep atmosphere equator-to-pole temperature
gradient over long timescales. Finally, although the eddy momentum fluxes in
our atmosphere show similarities with the proposed mechanism for accelerating
jets on tidally-locked planets, the picture appears more complex. We present
tentative evidence for a jet driven by a combination of eddy momentum transport
and mean flow.Comment: 26 pages, 22 Figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
International incidence of childhood cancer, 2001-10: a population-based registry study.

Cancer is a major cause of death in children worldwide, and the recorded incidence tends to increase with time. Internationally comparable data on childhood cancer incidence in the past two decades are scarce. This study aimed to provide internationally comparable local data on the incidence of childhood cancer to promote research of causes and implementation of childhood cancer control.
This population-based registry study, devised by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in collaboration with the International Association of Cancer Registries, collected data on all malignancies and non-malignant neoplasms of the CNS diagnosed before age 20 years in populations covered by high-quality cancer registries with complete data for 2001-10. Incidence rates per million person-years for the 0-14 years and 0-19 years age groups were age-adjusted using the world standard population to provide age-standardised incidence rates (WSRs), using the age-specific incidence rates (ASR) for individual age groups (0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-19 years). All rates were reported for 19 geographical areas or ethnicities by sex, age group, and cancer type. The regional WSRs for children aged 0-14 years were compared with comparable data obtained in the 1980s.
Of 532 invited cancer registries, 153 registries from 62 countries, departments, and territories met quality standards, and contributed data for the entire decade of 2001-10. 385 509 incident cases in children aged 0-19 years occurring in 2·64 billion person-years were included. The overall WSR was 140·6 per million person-years in children aged 0-14 years (based on 284 649 cases), and the most common cancers were leukaemia (WSR 46·4), followed by CNS tumours (WSR 28·2), and lymphomas (WSR 15·2). In children aged 15-19 years (based on 100 860 cases), the ASR was 185·3 per million person-years, the most common being lymphomas (ASR 41·8) and the group of epithelial tumours and melanoma (ASR 39·5). Incidence varied considerably between and within the described regions, and by cancer type, sex, age, and racial and ethnic group. Since the 1980s, the global WSR of registered cancers in children aged 0-14 years has increased from 124·0 (95% CI 123·3-124·7) to 140·6 (140·1-141·1) per million person-years.
This unique global source of childhood cancer incidence will be used for aetiological research and to inform public health policy, potentially contributing towards attaining several targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The observed geographical, racial and ethnic, age, sex, and temporal variations require constant monitoring and research.
International Agency for Research on Cancer and the Union for International Cancer Control