pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Interaction Effect of Complimentary Assets on Relationship between Information and Communication Technology and Public Health Outcomes

Part 1: Creating ValueInternational audienceThis cross-national study evaluates the contingency of the relationship between ICT initiatives and public health outcomes on (1) education; (2) macro-economic stability and; (3) institutions. Resource Based View’s resource complementary perspective and literature on Information and Communication Technology and delivery of public health are used as the guiding theoretical framework. Publicly accessible archived data from more than 150 nations are collected to comprehend the interaction effect. Delivery of public health outcomes is measured through mortality rate (adult), availability of sanitation facilities, incidence of TB and under nourishment. The results indicated that ICT initiatives interact with above three contingencies affecting public health outcomes. Education level positively moderated the relationship between ICT and public health outcomes. Institutions moderated the relationship of ICT and public health outcomes in a positive direction. The moderating effect is measured using PLS. Implications of the findings for theoretical discourse of the resource complimentary perspective and future research are discussed
How French Learners of Chinese L2 Express Motion Events in Narratives

International audienceThe present study examines the ways in which French intermediate learners of Mandarin Chinese express motion events in the framework of event conflation proposed by Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000b). The procedure used is the analysis of an oral corpus of French L2 learners of Chinese and adult native Chinese and French speakers consisting of a verbal production task based on the wordless picture book " Frog, where are you? ". This analysis was carried out at three levels. At the conceptual level, the results reveal that L2 learners, like French L1 speakers, express more static and less dynamic relations than Chinese L1 speakers. At the semantic and linguistic levels, the results show that L2 learners' clauses were semantically less dense than those of Chinese L1 speakers; the former also express more Path and less Manner and Cause than the latter and the linguistic components chosen to express those semantic components are also different. These findings suggest that the difference between Chinese L1 speakers and L2 learners occurs at the conceptualization level (Levelt 1989)
A Combining Forecasting Modeling and Its Application

Part 5: Modelling and SimulationInternational audienceThe supply chain coordination has abstracted more and more attention from industries and academics. This paper studies a Bayesian combination forecasting model to integrate multiple forecasting resources and coordinate forecasting process among partners in retail supply chain. The simulation results based on the retail sales data show the effectiveness of this Bayesian combination forecasting model to coordinate the collaborative forecasting process. This Bayesian combination forecasting model can improve demand forecasting accuracy of supply chain
The relation between language and cognition in children aged 3 to 9 : The acquisition of grammatical gender in French

The French language has a grammatical gender system in which all nouns are assigned either a masculine or a feminine gender. Nouns provide two types of gender cues that can potentially guide gender attribution: morphophonological cues carried by endings and semantic cues (natural gender). The first goal of this study was to describe the acquisition of the probabilistic system based on phonological oppositions on word endings by French-speaking children. The second goal was to explore the extent to which this system affects categorization. In the study, 3- to 9-year-olds assigned gender categorization to invented nouns whose endings were typically masculine, typically feminine, or neutral. Two response conditions were used. In the determiner condition, children indicated the gender class by orally providing the determiner un or une marked for gender. In the picture condition, responses were given by pointing to the picture of a Martian-like female or male person that would be best called by each spoken pseudoword. Results indicated that as young as 3 years, children associated the determiner corresponding to the ending bias at greater than chance levels. Ending-consistent performance increased from 3 to 9 years of age. Moreover, from 4 years of age onward, sensitivity to endings aVected categorization. Starting at that age, pictures were selected according to endings at greater than chance levels. This eVect also increased with age. The discussion deals with the mechanisms of language acquisition and the relation between language and cognition
Probability weighting and the 'level' and 'spacing' of outcomes: An experimental study over losses

International audienceThe main goal of the experimental study described in this paper is to investigate the sensitivity of probability weighting to the payoff structure of the gambling situation--namely the level of consequences at stake and the spacing between them--in the loss domain. For that purpose, three kinds of gambles are introduced: two kinds of homogeneous gambles (involving either small or large losses), and heterogeneous gambles involving both large and small losses. The findings suggest that at least for moderate/high probability of loss do both 'level' and 'spacing' effects reach significance, with the impact of 'spacing' being both opposite to and stronger than the impact of 'level'. As compared to small-loss gambles, large-loss gambles appear to enhance probabilistic optimism, while heterogeneous gambles tend to increase pessimism
Vegetation maps based on remote sensing are informative predictors of habitat selection of grassland birds across a wetness gradient

International audiencetVegetation is a major environmental factor influencing habitat selection in bird species. High resolutionmapping of vegetation cover is essential to model the distribution of populations and improve the man-agement of breeding habitats. However, the task is challenging for grassland birds because microhabitatvariations relevant at the territory scale cannot be measured continuously over large areas to delineateareas of higher suitability. Remote sensing may help to circumvent this problem. We addressed thisissue by using SPOT 5 imagery and phytosociological data. We mapped grassland vegetation in a flood-plain using two methods. We (i) mapped the continuous Ellenberg index of moisture and (ii) identified5 vegetation classes distributed across the wetness gradient. These two methods produced consistentoutput maps, but they also provided complementary results. Ellenberg index is a valuable proxy for soilmoisture while the class approach provided more information about vegetation structure, and possiblytrophic resources. In spite of the apparent uniformity of meadows, our data show that birds do not settlerandomly along the moisture and vegetation gradients. Overall birds tend to avoid the driest vegetationclasses, i.e. the highest grounds. Thus, vegetation maps based on remote sensing could be valuable toolsto study habitat selection and niche partition in grassland bird communities. It is also a valuable tool forconservation and habitat management
Assessing ecological habitat structure from local to landscape scales using synthetic aperture radar

International audienceEcological studies need accurate environmental data such as vegetation characterization, landscape structure and organization, to predict and explain the spatial distribution of biodiversity. Few ecological studies use remote sensing data to assess the biophysical or structural properties of vegetation to understand species distribution. To date, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data have seldom been used for ecological applications. However, these sensors provide data allowing access to the inner structure of vegetation which is a key information in ecology. The objective of this article is to compare the predictive power of ecological habitat structure variables derived from a TerraSAR-X image, an aerial photographand a SPOT-5 image for species distribution. The test was run with a hedgerow network in Brittany and assessed the spatial distribution of the forest ground carabid beetles which inhabit these hedgerows. The results confirmed that radar and optical images can be indifferently used to extract hedgerow network and derived landscape metrics (hedgerow density, network grain) useful to explain the spatial distribution of forest carabid beetles. In comparison with passive optical remotely sensed data, VHSR SAR images provide new data to characterize vegetation structure and more particularly hedgerow canopy cover, a variable known to explain the spatial distribution of carabid beetles in an agricultural landscape, but not yet quantified at a fine scale. The hedgerow canopy cover derived from the SAR image is a strong predictor of the abundance of forest carabid beetles at two scales i.e., a local scale and a landscape scale
A Lower Silurian (Aeronian) radiolarian assemblage from black cherts of the Armorican Massif (France)

International audienceThe Chalonnes-sur-Loire outcrop is the most complete Llandovery section in the Ligerian domain (Armorican Massif, NW France); it displays a ca. 10 m-thick sequence of organic-rich black bedded cherts alternating with black graptolitic shales, which were deposited above glaciomarine diamictites of the Hirnantian glaciation. It is likely the black cherts accumulated under eutrophic waters, on the outer shelf part (distal offshore) of a Gondwanan margin, situated at intermediate to high latitudes of the Southern hemisphere. Hydrofluoric acid processing allowed the extraction of radiolarians; seven species are identified in the best preserved sample discovered so far. All seven are common species in tropical assemblages known from Alaska and Nevada, which are characteristic of the Orbiculopylorum assemblage, of Aeronian to early Telychian age. This age is in good agreement with independent age control from graptolites in the Chalonnes section, suggestive of an Aeronian age for the radiolarian-yielding level
Cox process functional learning

International audienceThis article addresses the problem of supervised classification of Cox process trajectories, whose random intensity is driven by some exogenous random covariable. The classification task is achieved through a regularized convex empirical risk minimization procedure, and a nonasymptotic oracle inequality is derived. We show that the algorithm provides a Bayes-risk consistent classifier. Furthermore, it is proved that the classifier converges at a rate which adapts to the unknown regularity of the intensity process. Our results are obtained by taking advantage of martingale and stochastic calculus arguments, which are natural in this context and fully exploit the functional nature of the problem
Optical properties of ultrathin InAs quantum-well-heterostructures

International audienceBand structure calculations of complete InAs monolayer in AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells are performed within the framework of the extended-basis sp3d5s* tight-binding model. We show that the optical properties can be tuned from the quantum well energy below the GaAs band-gap depending on the well thickness and the position of the probe. The results are supported by differential reflectivity measurements and represent a concept for optoelectronic devices with an operation wavelength widely tuneable around 850 nm employing GaAs process technology
THERMAL DEPENDENCE OF LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE IN POLYSILICON THIN FILM TRANSISTORS

International audienceThermal dependence of low frequency noise in low temperature (600°C) polysilicon thin film transistors is studied in devices biased from weak to moderate inversion and operating in the linear mode. Drain current noise spectral density, measured in the temperature range from 260K to 310K, is thermally activated following the Meyer Neldel rule. Analysis of the thermal activation of noise, supported by the theory of trapping/detrapping processes of carriers into oxide traps located close to the interface, leads to the calculation of the deep state interface distribution in function of the Meyer Neldel characteristic energy
Trend to equilibrium and particle approximation for a weakly selfconsistent Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation

International audienceWe consider a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation governing the evolution of the density of interacting and diffusive matter in the space of positions and velocities. We use a probabilistic interpretation to obtain convergence towards equilibrium in Wasserstein distance with an explicit exponential rate. We also prove a propagation of chaos property for an associated particle system, and give rates on the approximation of the solution by the particle system. Finally, a transportation inequality for the distribution of the particle system leads to quantitative deviation bounds on the approximation of the equilibrium solution of the equation by an empirical mean of the particles at given time
Monitoring Electronic Exams

International audienceUniversities and other educational organizations are adopting computer based assessment tools (herein called e-exams) to reach larger and ubiquitous audiences. While this makes examination tests more accessible, it exposes them to unprecedented threats not only from candidates but also from authorities , which organize exams and deliver marks. Thus, e-exams must be checked to detect potential irregularities. In this paper, we propose several monitors, expressed as Quantified Event Automata (QEA), to monitor the main properties of e-exams. Then, we implement the monitors using MarQ, a recent Java tool designed to support QEAs. Finally, we apply our monitors to logged data from real e-exams conducted by Université Joseph Fourier at pharmacy faculty, as a part of Epreuves Classantes Nationales informatisées , a pioneering project which aims to realize all french medicine exams electronically by 2016. Our monitors found discrepancies between the specification and the implementation
Usage-based account of the acquisition of liaison: evidence from sensitivity to plural / singular orientation of nouns

International audienceThis study investigates whether the production and the recognition of liaison sequences in children depend on the singular/plural orientation of nouns. Certain nouns occur more frequently in the plural (e.g., arbre "tree") whereas others are found more often in the singular (e.g., arc-en-ciel "rainbow"). In the input, children more frequently encounter these plural-oriented nouns after determiners which indicate plurality (e.g., les, des, "the", deux, "two", etc.) and which are often associated with a /z/ liaison [døzarbr],"two trees". In experiment 1, 122 children (aged from 3;2 to 6;3) were asked to produce nominal phrases with either /z/ liaisons (i.e., in plural contexts like deux ours [døzurs],"two bears") or with /n/ liaisons (i.e., in singular contexts like un ours [oenurs],"one bear"). We found correlations between the plural-orientation of the nouns and (1) the probability that they will be preceded by an incorrect /z/ liaison in singular contexts (2) the probability that they will be preceded by a correct /z/ liaison in the plural context. This result was however restricted to the younger children. In experiment 2, 20 children (aged from 5;5 to 6;3) were asked to monitor target words in auditorily presented sentences. The results showed shorter responses times for singular-oriented nouns when preceded by singular determiners than when preceded by plural determiners. Conversely, plural-oriented nouns were responded to faster when preceded by a plural determiner than by a singular determiner. Results are discussed within the framework of a two-stage model of liaison acquisition recently proposed by Chevrot, Chabanal and Dugua (2007) and Chevrot, Dugua and Fayol (2009)
Gravity travelling waves for two superposed fluid layers, one being of infinite depth: a new type of bifurcation

International audienceIn this paper, we study the travelling gravity waves in a system of two layers of perfect fluids, the bottom one being infinitely deep, the upper one having a finite thickness h. We assume that the flow is potential, and the dimensionless parameters are the ratio between densities ρ = ρ 2 /ρ 1 and λ = gh/c^2. We study special values of the parameters such that λ(1 − ρ) is near 1 − , where a bifurcation of a new type occurs. We formulate the problem as a spatial reversible dynamical system, where U = 0 corresponds to a uniform state (velocity c in a moving reference frame), and we consider the linearized operator around 0. We show that its spectrum contains the entire real axis (essential spectrum), with in addition a double eigenvalue in 0, a pair of simple imaginary eigenvalues ±iλ at a distance O(1) from 0, and for λ(1 − ρ) above 1, another pair of simple imaginary eigenvalues tending towards 0 as λ(1 − ρ) → 1 +. When λ(1 − ρ) ≤ 1 this pair disappears into the essential spectrum. The rest of the spectrum lies at a distance at least O(1) from the imaginary axis. We show in this paper that for λ(1 − ρ) close to 1 − , there is a family of periodic solutions like in the Lyapunov-Devaney theorem (despite the resonance due to the point 0 in the spectrum). Moreover, showing that the full system can be seen as a perturbation of the Benjamin-Ono equation, coupled with a nonlinear oscillation, we also prove the existence of a family of homoclinic connections to these periodic orbits, provided that these ones are not too small
Nox/Duox Family of NADPH Oxidases: Lessons from Knockout Mouse Models

Nox/Duox NADPH oxidases are now considered the primary, regulated sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These enzymes are expressed in diverse cells and tissues, and their products are essential in several physiological settings. Knockout mouse models are instrumental in identifying the physiological functions of Nox/Duox enzymes as well as in exploring the impact of their pharmacological targeting on disease progression. The currently available data from experiments on knockout animals suggest that the lack of non-phagocytic Nox/Duox enzymes often modifies the course and phenotype in many disease models. Nevertheless, as illustrated by studies on Nox4-deficient animals, the absence of Nox-derived ROS can also lead to aggravated disease manifestation, reinforcing the need for a more balanced view on the role of ROS in health and disease. Members of the Nox/Duox NADPH oxidase family produce ROS in a regulated manner in several different cells and tissues.Pharmacological inhibition of non-phagocytic Nox/Duox enzymes might have therapeutic potential.Several studies have described the disease-modifying phenotypes of Nox1 and Nox4 knockouts.The lack of Nox4-derived ROS can lead to aggravated disease development, which is in contrast to the prevailing dogma that considers ROS to be generally harmful. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
The role of the glucose-sensing transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein pathway in termite queen fertility.

International audienceTermites are among the few animals that themselves can digest the most abundant organic polymer, cellulose, into glucose. In mice and Drosophila, glucose can activate genes via the transcription factor carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) to induce glucose utilization and de novo lipogenesis. Here, we identify a termite orthologue of ChREBP and its downstream lipogenic targets, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. We show that all of these genes, including ChREBP, are upregulated in mature queens compared with kings, sterile workers and soldiers in eight different termite species. ChREBP is expressed in several tissues, including ovaries and fat bodies, and increases in expression in totipotent workers during their differentiation into neotenic mature queens. We further show that ChREBP is regulated by a carbohydrate diet in termite queens. Suppression of the lipogenic pathway by a pharmacological agent in queens elicits the same behavioural alterations in sterile workers as observed in queenless colonies, supporting that the ChREBP pathway partakes in the biosynthesis of semiochemicals that convey the signal of the presence of a fertile queen. Our results highlight ChREBP as a likely key factor for the regulation and signalling of queen fertility
Manual extraction of bedrock lineaments from high-resolution LiDAR data: methodological bias and human perception

Manual extraction of topographic features from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) images is a quick, cost effective and powerful tool to produce lineament maps of fractured basement areas. This commonly used technique, however, suffers from several biases. In this contribution, we present the influence of (1) scale, (2) illumination azimuth and (3) operator, which significantly affect results of remote sensing expressed as number, orientation and length of the mapped lineaments. Six operators (N1–N6) with differing experience in remote sensing and different Earth sciences backgrounds mapped the same LiDAR DEM of a fractured bedrock terrain located in western Norway at three different scales (1:20.000, 1:10.000, 1:5.000) and illuminated from three different azimuths (045°, 180°, 315°). The 54 lineament maps show considerable output variability depending on the three factors: (1) at larger scales, both the number and the orientation variability of picked lineaments increase, whereas the line lengths generally decrease. (2) Linear features oriented perpendicular to the source of illumination are preferentially enhanced. (3) Inter-operator result reproducibility is generally poor. Operators have different perceptions of what is a lineament. Ironically, this is particularly obvious for the results of the “most experienced” operators, seemingly reflecting a stronger conceptual bias of what lineaments are and an operational bias on how they should be mapped. Based on these results, we suggest guidelines aimed to improve the reliability of remote sensing lineament interpretations.This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in GFF   Volume 137,  Issue 4, 2015    Special Issue:   Unraveling Scandinavian Geomorphology: The LIDAR revolution. DOI:10.1080/11035897.2015.108543
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

Located in Princeton, New Jersey, GFDL conducts research where the goal is to expand the scientific understanding of the physical processes that govern the behavior of the atmosphere and the oceans as complex fluid systems. Site provides information on current research projects, faculty and staff, requesting data, and educational programs. The Gallery provides exceptional figures and animations of hurricanes, temperature models, and more. Educational levels: High school, Graduate or professional