pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Review of recent progress on numerical studies of the Anderson
  transition

A review of recent progress in numerical studies of the Anderson transition
in three dimensional systems is presented. From high precision calculations the
critical exponent $\nu$ for the divergence of the localization length is
estimated to be $\nu=1.57\pm 0.02$ for the orthogonal universality class, which
is clearly distinguished from $\nu=1.43\pm 0.03$ for the unitary universality
class. The boundary condition dependences of some quantities at the Anderson
transition are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures included as eps file
Measurement of Charm and Beauty Photoproduction at HERA using D* mu
  Correlations

A measurement of charm and beauty photoproduction at the electron proton
collider HERA is presented based on the simultaneous detection of a D*^{\pm}
meson and a muon. The correlation between the D* meson and the muon serves to
separate the charm and beauty contributions and the analysis provides
comparable sensitivity to both. The total and differential experimental cross
sections are compared to LO and NLO QCD calculations. The measured charm cross
section is in good agreement with QCD predictions including higher order
effects while the beauty cross section is higher.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 4 table
The K0sK0s Final State in Two-Photon Collisions and Some Implications
  for Glueball Searches

The K0sK0s final state in two-photon collisions is studied with the L3
detector at LEP using data at centre of mass energies from 91 GeV to 183 GeV.
The K0sK0s mass spectrum is dominated by the formation of the f_2'(1525) tensor
meson whose two-photon partial width is measured. Clear evidence for
destructive f_2-a_2 interference is observed. No signal is present in the
region around 2.2 GeV. An upper limit for the two-photon partial width times
the K0sK0s branching ratio of the \xi(2230) glueball candidate is then derived.
An enhancement is observed around 1750 MeV. It may be due to the formation of a
radial recurrence of the f_2'(1525) or to the s\bar{s} member of the 0++ meson
nonet.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, Invited contribution to LEAP98, Villasimius,
  Italy, September 199
Observing Extended Sources with the \Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform
  Spectrometer

The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) on the European Space
Agency's Herschel Space Observatory utilizes a pioneering design for its
imaging spectrometer in the form of a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The
standard FTS data reduction and calibration schemes are aimed at objects with
either a spatial extent much larger than the beam size or a source that can be
approximated as a point source within the beam. However, when sources are of
intermediate spatial extent, neither of these calibrations schemes is
appropriate and both the spatial response of the instrument and the source's
light profile must be taken into account and the coupling between them
explicitly derived. To that end, we derive the necessary corrections using an
observed spectrum of a fully extended source with the beam profile and the
source's light profile taken into account. We apply the derived correction to
several observations of planets and compare the corrected spectra with their
spectral models to study the beam coupling efficiency of the instrument in the
case of partially extended sources. We find that we can apply these correction
factors for sources with angular sizes up to \theta_{D} ~ 17". We demonstrate
how the angular size of an extended source can be estimated using the
difference between the sub-spectra observed at the overlap bandwidth of the two
frequency channels in the spectrometer, at 959<\nu<989 GHz. Using this
technique on an observation of Saturn, we estimate a size of 17.2", which is 3%
larger than its true size on the day of observation. Finally, we show the
results of the correction applied on observations of a nearby galaxy, M82, and
the compact core of a Galactic molecular cloud, Sgr B2.Comment: Accepted for publication by A&
Axion Monodromy Inflation on Warped Throats

Recent models of axion monodromy inflation in string theory link the
inflationary potential and the moduli stabilization potential. Realistic
inflationary models require mechanisms to moderately suppress the inflaton mass
with respect to the moduli stabilization scale. In this paper we explore the
realization of this idea using warped throats, whose redshifted infrared region
supports the inflaton mode. The inflaton potential and its monodromy arise from
couplings to the fluxes supporting the throat. We provide explicit realizations
of such throats in type IIB with NSNS and RR 3-form field strength fluxes, and
in type IIA with RR 2-form fluxes. Once embedded in a global CY, these systems
would provide a mechanism to realize chaotic inflation at scales parametrically
suppressed with respect to bulk physics. The construction of the throats is
systematically carried out using geometric transitions in systems of D-branes
at singularities, whose properties and dynamics are efficiently encoded using
dimer diagrams. The holographic dual of the axion monodromy is a quasi-periodic
chain of Seiberg dualities.Comment: 39 pages, 18 figures. v3: version published in JHEP with references
  adde
Di-Higgs phenomenology: The forgotten channel

Searches for multi-Higgs final states allow to constrain parameters of the SM
(or extensions thereof) that directly relate to the mechanism of electroweak
symmetry breaking. Multi-Higgs production cross sections, however, are small
and the phenomenologically accessible final states are challenging to isolate
in the busy multi-jet hadron collider environment of the LHC run 2. This makes
the necessity to extend the list of potentially observable production
mechanisms obvious. Most of the phenomenological analyses in the past have
focused on $gg\to hh+jets$; in this paper we study $pp\to t\bar t hh$ at LHC
run 2 and find that this channel for $h\to b\bar b$ and semi-leptonic and
hadronic top decays has the potential to provide an additional handle to
constrain the Higgs trilinear coupling in a global fit at the end of run 2.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
On the uniqueness of the twisted representation in the Z$_{2}$ orbifold construction of a conformal field theory from a lattice

Following on from recent work describing the representation content of a meromorphic bosonic conformal field theory in terms of a certain state inside the theory corresponding to a fixed state in the representation, and using work of Zhu on a correspondence between the representations of the conformal field theory and representations of a particular associative algebra constructed from it, we construct a general solution for the state defining the representation and identify the further restrictions on it necessary for it to correspond to a ground state in the representation space. We then use this general theory to analyze the representations of the Heisenberg algebra and its Z_2-projection. The conjectured uniqueness of the twisted representation is shown explicitly, and we extend our considerations to the reflection-twisted FKS construction of a conformal field theory from a lattice
D-effects in Toroidally Compactified Type II String Theory

We review exact results obtained for R^4 couplings in maximally supersymmetric type II string theories. These couplings offer a privileged scene to understand the rules of semiclassical calculus in string theory. Upon expansion in weak string coupling, they reveal an infinite sum of non-perturbative e^{-1/g} effects that can be imputed to euclidean D-branes wrapped on cycles of the compactification manifolds. They also shed light on the relation between Dp-branes and D-(p-2)branes, D-strings and (p,q) strings, instanton sums and soliton loops. The latter interpretation takes over in D<=6 in order to account for the e^{-1/g^2} effects, still mysterious from the point of view of instanton calculus. [To appear in the proceedings of the conference "Quantum Aspects of Gauge Theories, Supersymmetry and Unification" held at Neuchatel University, Switzerland, 18-23 September 1997.
Renormalization-group Method for Reduction of Evolution Equations: invariant manifolds and envelopes

The renormalization group (RG) method as a powerful tool for reduction of evolution equations is formulated in terms of the notion of invariant manifolds. We start with derivation of an exact RG equation which is analogous to the Wilsonian RG equations in statistical physics and quantum field theory. It is clarified that the perturbative RG method constructs invariant manifolds successively as the initial value of evolution equations, thereby the meaning to set $t_0=t$ is naturally understood where $t_0$ is the arbitrary initial time. We show that the integral constants in the unperturbative solution constitutes natural coordinates of the invariant manifold when the linear operator $A$ in the evolution equation has no Jordan cell; when $A$ has a Jordan cell, a slight modification is necessary because the dimension of the invariant manifold is increased by the perturbation. The RG equation determines the slow motion of the would-be integral constants in the unperturbative solution on the invariant manifold. We present the mechanical procedure to construct the perturbative solutions hence the initial values with which the RG equation gives meaningful results. The underlying structure of the reduction by the RG method as formulated in the present work turns out to completely fit to the universal one elucidated by Kuramoto some years ago. We indicate that the reduction procedure of evolution equations has a good correspondence with the renormalization procedure in quantum field theory; the counter part of the universal structure of reduction elucidated by Kuramoto may be the Polchinski's theorem for renormalizable field theories. We apply the method to interface dynamics such as kink-anti-kink and soliton-soliton interactions in the latter of which a linear operator having a Jordan-cell structure appears
A Three three-brane Universe: New Phenomenology for the New Millennium?

We consider an extension of the Randall-Sundrum model with three parallel 3-branes in a 5-dimensional spacetime. This new construction, apart from providing a solution to the Planck hierarchy problem, has the advantage that the SM fields are confined on a positive tension brane. The study of the phenomenology of this model reveals an anomalous first KK state which is generally much lighter than the remaining tower and also much more strongly coupled to matter. Bounds on the parameter space of the model can be placed by comparison of specific processes with the SM background as well as by the latest Cavendish experiments. The model suggests a further exotic possibility if one drops the requirement of solving the hierarchy problem. In this case gravity may result from the exchange of the ordinary graviton plus an ultralight KK state and modifications of gravity may occur at both small and extremely large scales
Affine Toda field theories related to Coxeter groups of
  non-crystallographic type

We propose affine Toda field theories related to the non-crystallographic
Coxeter groups H_2, H_3 and H_4. The classical mass spectrum, the classical
three-point couplings and the one-loop corrections to the mass renormalisation
are determined. The construction is carried out by means of a reduction
procedure from crystallographic to non-crystallographic Coxeter groups. The
embedding structure explains for various affine Toda field theories that their
particles can be organised in pairs, such that their relative masses differ by
the golden ratio.Comment: 28 pages LaTe
The D^{10} R^4 term in type IIB string theory

The modular invariant coefficient of the D^{2k} {\cal{R}}^4 term in the
effective action of type IIB superstring theory is expected to satisfy Poisson
equation on the fundamental domain of SL(2,Z). Under certain assumptions, we
obtain the equation satisfied by D^{10} {\cal{R}}^4 using the tree level and
one loop results for four graviton scattering in type II string theory. This
leads to the conclusion that the perturbative contributions to D^{10}
{\cal{R}}^4 vanish above three loops, and also predicts the coefficients at two
and three loops.Comment: 12 pages, LaTe
Prediction Properties of Aitken's Iterated Delta^2 Process, of Wynn's
  Epsilon Algorithm, and of Brezinski's Iterated Theta Algorithm

The prediction properties of Aitken's iterated Delta^2 process, Wynn's
epsilon algorithm, and Brezinski's iterated theta algorithm for (formal) power
series are analyzed. As a first step, the defining recursive schemes of these
transformations are suitably rearranged in order to permit the derivation of
accuracy-through-order relationships. On the basis of these relationships, the
rational approximants can be rewritten as a partial sum plus an appropriate
transformation term. A Taylor expansion of such a transformation term, which is
a rational function and which can be computed recursively, produces the
predictions for those coefficients of the (formal) power series which were not
used for the computation of the corresponding rational approximant.Comment: 34 pages, LaTe
Abstract simplicity of complete Kac-Moody groups over finite fields

Let $G$ be a Kac-Moody group over a finite field corresponding to a
generalized Cartan matrix $A$, as constructed by Tits. It is known that $G$
admits the structure of a BN-pair, and acts on its corresponding building. We
study the complete Kac-Moody group $\hat{G}$ which is defined to be the closure
of $G$ in the automorphism group of its building. Our main goal is to determine
when complete Kac-Moody groups are abstractly simple, that is have no proper
non-trivial normal subgroups. Abstract simplicity of $\hat{G}$ was previously
known to hold when A is of affine type. We extend this result to many
indefinite cases, including all hyperbolic generalized Cartan matrices $A$ of
rank at least four. Our proof uses Tits' simplicity theorem for groups with a
BN-pair and methods from the theory of pro-$p$ groups.Comment: Final version. The statement and the proof of Theorem 5.2 have been
  corrected. The main result (Theorem 1.1) now holds under slightly stronger
  restriction
Bounds for algorithms in differential algebra

We consider the Rosenfeld-Groebner algorithm for computing a regular
decomposition of a radical differential ideal generated by a set of ordinary
differential polynomials in n indeterminates. For a set of ordinary
differential polynomials F, let M(F) be the sum of maximal orders of
differential indeterminates occurring in F. We propose a modification of the
Rosenfeld-Groebner algorithm, in which for every intermediate polynomial system
F, the bound M(F) is less than or equal to (n-1)!M(G), where G is the initial
set of generators of the radical ideal. In particular, the resulting regular
systems satisfy the bound. Since regular ideals can be decomposed into
characterizable components algebraically, the bound also holds for the orders
of derivatives occurring in a characteristic decomposition of a radical
differential ideal.
  We also give an algorithm for converting a characteristic decomposition of a
radical differential ideal from one ranking into another. This algorithm
performs all differentiations in the beginning and then uses a purely algebraic
decomposition algorithm.Comment: 40 page
Dyson-Schwinger Equations: Density, Temperature and Continuum Strong QCD

Continuum strong QCD is the application of models and continuum quantum field
theory to the study of phenomena in hadronic physics, which includes; e.g., the
spectrum of QCD bound states and their interactions; and the transition to, and
properties of, a quark gluon plasma. We provide a contemporary perspective,
couched primarily in terms of the Dyson-Schwinger equations but also making
comparisons with other approaches and models. Our discourse provides a
practitioners' guide to features of the Dyson-Schwinger equations [such as
confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking] and canvasses
phenomenological applications to light meson and baryon properties in cold,
sparse QCD. These provide the foundation for an extension to hot, dense QCD,
which is probed via the introduction of the intensive thermodynamic variables:
chemical potential and temperature. We describe order parameters whose
evolution signals deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration, and chronicle
their use in demarcating the quark gluon plasma phase boundary and
characterising the plasma's properties. Hadron traits change in an equilibrated
plasma. We exemplify this and discuss putative signals of the effects. Finally,
since plasma formation is not an equilibrium process, we discuss recent
developments in kinetic theory and its application to describing the evolution
from a relativistic heavy ion collision to an equilibrated quark gluon plasma.Comment: 103 Pages, LaTeX, epsfig. To appear in Progress in Particle and
  Nuclear Physics, Vol. 4
The balance functions in azimuthal angle is a measure of the transverse
  flow

The charge or barion number balance function in the relative azimuthal angle
of a pair of particles emitted in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is
studied. The pi+pi- and ppbar balance functions are computed using thermal
models with two different set of parameters, corresponding to a large
freeze-out temperature and a moderate transverse flow or a small temperature
and a large transverse flow. The single particle spectra including pions from
resonance decays are similar for the two scenarios, on the other hand the
azimuthal balance function is very different and could serve as an independent
measure of the transverse flow at the freeze-out
Jostling for Advantage or Not: Choosing Between Patent Portfolio Races and Ex Ante Licensing

Complex high technology industries are increasingly affected by patent thickets in which firms’ patents mutually block the use of important technologies. Firms facing patent thickets patent intensively to acquire bargaining chips and use licensing to ensure freedom to operate. Such licensing allows rivals to either avoid or resolve hold-up from blocking patents. R&D incentives depend on whether licensing takes place ex ante or ex post. We model the choice between ex ante licensing and entry into patent portfolio races leading to ex post licensing. It is shown that higher degrees of blocking lead firms to license ex post, while stronger product market competition leads firms to license ex ante. Empirical results support these theoretical predictions
Ionized gas kinematics of galaxies in the CALIFA survey : I. Velocity fields, kinematic parameters of the dominant component, and presence of kinematically distinct gaseous systems

J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). Date of Acceptance: 01/08/2014Context. Ionized gas kinematics provide important clues to the dynamical structure of galaxies and hold constraints to the processes driving their evolution. Aims. The motivation of this work is to provide an overall characterization of the kinematic behavior of the ionized gas of the galaxies included in the Calar Alto Legacy Integral field Area (CALIFA), offering kinematic clues to potential users of the CALIFA survey for including kinematical criteria in their selection of targets for specific studies. From the first 200 galaxies observed by CALIFA survey in its two configurations, we present the two-dimensional kinematic view of the 177 galaxies satisfaying a gas content/detection threshold. Methods. After removing the stellar contribution, we used the cross-correlation technique to obtain the radial velocity of the dominant gaseous component for each spectrum in the CALIFA data cubes for different emission lines (namely, [O ii] λλ3726,3729, [O iii] λλ4959,5007, Hα+[N ii] λλ6548,6584, and [SII]λλ6716,6730). The main kinematic parameters measured on the plane of the sky were directly derived from the radial velocities with no assumptions on the internal prevailing motions. Evidence of the presence of several gaseous components with different kinematics were detected by using [O iii] λλ4959,5007 emission line profiles. Results. At the velocity resolution of CALIFA, most objects in the sample show regular velocity fields, although the ionized-gas kinematics are rarely consistent with simple coplanar circular motions. Thirty-five percent of the objects present evidence of a displacement between the photometric and kinematic centers larger than the original spaxel radii. Only 17% of the objects in the sample exhibit kinematic lopsidedness when comparing receding and approaching sides of the velocity fields, but most of them are interacting galaxies exhibiting nuclear activity (AGN or LINER). Early-type (E+S0) galaxies in the sample present clear photometric-kinematic misaligments. There is evidence of asymmetries in the emission line profiles in 117 out of the 177 analyzed galaxies, suggesting the presence of kinematically distinct gaseous components located at different distances from the optical nucleus. The kinematic decoupling between the dominant and secondary component/s suggested by the observed asymmetries in the profiles can be characterized by a limited set of parameters. Conclusions. This work constitutes the first determination of the ionized gas kinematics of the galaxies observed in the CALIFA survey. The derived velocity fields, the reported kinematic distortions/peculiarities and the identification of the presence of several gaseous components in different regions of the objects might be used as additional criteria for selecting galaxies for specific studies.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magmas of the Karoo LIP on the basis of Al-in-olivine thermometer

Calculating reliable temperatures of Mg-rich magmas is problematic because melt composition and KD(Fe-Mg)ol-liq, the key parameters of many traditional thermometers, are difficult to constrain precisely. The recently developed Al-in-olivine thermometer [Coogan, L.A., Saunders, A.D., Wilson, R.N., 2014. Aluminum-in-olivine thermometry of primitive basalts: Evidence of an anomalously hot mantle source for large igneous provinces. Chemical Geology 368, 1–10] circumvents these problems by relying on the temperature-dependent exchange of Al between olivine and spinel crystallising in equilibrium with each other. This thermometer is used to re-evaluate the crystallisation temperatures of the most Mg-rich magma type identified from the Karoo large igneous province (LIP), known as the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite. Previous temperature estimates for the suite were based on olivine-melt equilibria and indicated anomalously high crystallisation temperatures in excess of 1600 °C. We also present crystallisation temperatures for another Antarctic Karoo magma type, Group 3 dykes from Ahlmannryggen, which are derived from a pyroxene-rich mantle source. Our high-precision analysis of Al in olivine-spinel pairs indicate crystallisation temperatures from 1391 ± 42 °C to 1481 ± 35 °C for the Vestfjella depleted ferropicrite suite (Fo88–92) and from 1253 ± 64 °C to 1303 ± 40 °C for the Group 3 dykes (Fo79–82). Although the maximum temperature estimates for the former are over 100 °C lower than the previously presented estimates, they are still ~ 200 °C higher than those calculated for mid-ocean ridge basalts using the same method. Although exact mantle potential temperatures are difficult to estimate, the presented results support elevated sub-Gondwanan upper mantle temperatures (generated by a mantle plume or internal mantle heating) during the generation of the Karoo LIP