pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Fracture-related infection: A consensus on definition from an international expert group.

Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a common and serious complication in trauma surgery. Accurately estimating the impact of this complication has been hampered by the lack of a clear definition. The absence of a working definition of FRI renders existing studies difficult to evaluate or compare. In order to address this issue, an expert group comprised of a number of scientific and medical organizations has been convened, with the support of the AO Foundation, in order to develop a consensus definition. The process that led to this proposed definition started with a systematic literature review, which revealed that the majority of randomized controlled trials in fracture care do not use a standardized definition of FRI. In response to this conclusion, an international survey on the need for and key components of a definition of FRI was distributed amongst all registered AOTrauma users. Approximately 90% of the more than 2000 surgeons who responded suggested that a definition of FRI is required. As a final step, a consensus meeting was held with an expert panel. The outcome of this process led to a consensus definition of FRI. Two levels of certainty around diagnostic features were defined. Criteria could be confirmatory (infection definitely present) or suggestive. Four confirmatory criteria were defined: Fistula, sinus or wound breakdown; Purulent drainage from the wound or presence of pus during surgery; Phenotypically indistinguishable pathogens identified by culture from at least two separate deep tissue/implant specimens; Presence of microorganisms in deep tissue taken during an operative intervention, as confirmed by histopathological examination. Furthermore, a list of suggestive criteria was defined. These require further investigations in order to look for confirmatory criteria. In the current paper, an overview is provided of the proposed definition and a rationale for each component and decision. The intention of establishing this definition of FRI was to offer clinicians the opportunity to standardize clinical reports and improve the quality of published literature. It is important to note that the proposed definition was not designed to guide treatment of FRI and should be validated by prospective data collection in the future
When does dispositional gratitude help athletes move away from experiential avoidance? The moderating role of perceived autonomy support from coaches.

Experiential avoidance, the attempt to avoid negative experiences, can prevent athletes from reaching their goals. To mitigate this tendency, the authors offer a relational approach and propose that dispositional gratitude and perceived autonomy support from coaches will have an interaction effect in mitigating experiential avoidance. Time-lagged data from 140 athletes were analyzed. Dispositional gratitude and perceived coach autonomy support had a significant interaction effect on predicting experiential avoidance when Time 1 experiential avoidance was controlled. Those high in dispositional gratitude and perceived coach autonomy support decreased their experiential avoidance over time. Implications and application for experiential avoidance and gratitude are discussed
Computing role assignments of proper interval graphs in polynomial time. \ud
\ud

An R-role assignment of a graph G is a locally surjective homomorphism from G to graph R. For a fixed graph R, the R-Role Assignment problem is to decide, for an input graph G, whether G has an R-role assignment. When both graphs G and R are given as input, the problem is called Role Assignment. In this paper, we study the latter problem. It is known that R-Role Assignment is NPNP-complete already when R is a path on three vertices. In order to obtain polynomial time algorithms for Role Assignment, it is therefore necessary to put restrictions on G. So far, the only known non-trivial case for which this problem is solvable in polynomial time is when G is a tree. We present an algorithm that solves Role Assignment in polynomial time when G is a proper interval graph. Thus we identify the first graph class other than trees on which the problem is tractable. As a complementary result, we show that Role Assignment is Graph Isomorphism-hard on chordal graphs, a superclass of proper interval graphs and trees
Thy-1-mediated cell-cell contact induces astrocyte migration through the engagement of αVβ3 integrin and syndecan-4.

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins occurs through interactions with integrins that bind to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, and syndecan-4, which recognizes the heparin-binding domain of other proteins. Both receptors trigger signaling pathways, including those that activate RhoGTPases such as RhoA and Rac1. This sequence of events modulates cell adhesion to the ECM and cell migration. Using a neuron-astrocyte model, we have reported that the neuronal protein Thy-1 engages αVβ3 integrin and syndecan-4 to induce RhoA activation and strong astrocyte adhesion to their underlying substrate. Thus, because cell-cell interactions and strong cell attachment to the matrix are considered antagonistic to cell migration, we hypothesized that Thy-1 stimulation of astrocytes should preclude cell migration. Here, we studied the effect of Thy-1 expressing neurons on astrocyte polarization and migration using a wound-healing assay and immunofluorescence analysis. Signaling molecules involved were studied by affinity precipitation, western blotting and the usage of specific antibodies. Intriguingly, Thy-1 interaction with its two receptors was found to increase astrocyte polarization and migration. The latter events required interactions of these receptors with both the RGD-like sequence and the heparin-binding domain of Thy-1. Additionally, prolonged Thy-1-receptor interactions inhibited RhoA activation while activating FAK, PI3K and Rac1. Therefore, sustained engagement of integrin and syndecan-4 with the neuronal surface protein Thy-1 induces astrocyte migration. Interestingly we identify here, a cell-cell interaction that despite initially inducing strong cell attachment, favors cell migration upon persistent stimulation by engaging the same signaling receptors and molecules as those utilized by the extracellular matrix proteins to stimulate cell movement
Paradoxical effects of increased expression of PGC-1α on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α has been shown to play critical roles in regulating mitochondria biogenesis, respiration, and muscle oxidative phenotype. Furthermore, reductions in the expression of PGC-1α in muscle have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. To determine the effect of increased muscle-specific PGC-1α expression on muscle mitochondrial function and glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, we examined body composition, energy balance, and liver and muscle insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies and muscle energetics by using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in transgenic mice. Increased expression of PGC-1α in muscle resulted in a 2.4-fold increase in mitochondrial density, which was associated with an ≈60% increase in the unidirectional rate of ATP synthesis. Surprisingly, there was no effect of increased muscle PGC-1α expression on whole-body energy expenditure, and PGC-1α transgenic mice were more prone to fat-induced insulin resistance because of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. The reduced insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake could most likely be attributed to a relative increase in fatty acid delivery/triglyceride reesterfication, as reflected by increased expression of CD36, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1, and mitochondrial acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase, that may have exceeded mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, resulting in increased intracellular lipid accumulation and an increase in the membrane to cytosol diacylglycerol content. This, in turn, caused activation of PKCθ, decreased insulin signaling at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance
Atypical visual processing in posttraumatic stress disorder

BACKGROUND: Many patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) feel overwhelmed in situations with high levels of sensory input, as in crowded situations with complex sensory characteristics. These difficulties might be related to subtle sensory processing deficits similar to those that have been found for sounds in electrophysiological studies.\ud
METHOD: Visual processing was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging in trauma-exposed participants with (N = 18) and without PTSD (N = 21) employing a picture-viewing task.\ud
RESULTS: Activity observed in response to visual scenes was lower in PTSD participants 1) in the ventral stream of the visual system, including striate and extrastriate, inferior temporal, and entorhinal cortices, and 2) in dorsal and ventral attention systems (P < 0.05, FWE-corrected). These effects could not be explained by the emotional salience of the pictures.\ud
CONCLUSIONS: Visual processing was substantially altered in PTSD in the ventral visual stream, a component of the visual system thought to be responsible for object property processing. Together with previous reports of subtle auditory deficits in PTSD, these findings provide strong support for potentially important sensory processing deficits, whose origins may be related to dysfunctional attention processes
Theoretical status of $B_s$-mixing and lifetimes of heavy hadrons

We review the theoretical status of the lifetime ratios $\tau_{B^+} /
\tau_{B_d}$, $\tau_{B_s} / \tau_{B_d}$, $\tau_{\Lambda_b} / \tau_{B_d}$ and
$\tau_{B_c}$ and of the mixing quantities $\Delta M_s$, $\Delta \Gamma_s$ and
$\phi_s$. $\Delta M_s$ and $\Delta \Gamma_s$ suffer from large uncertainties
due to the badly known decay constants, while the ratio $\Delta \Gamma_s /
\Delta M_s$ can be determined with almost no non-perturbative uncertainties,
therefore it can be used perfectly to find possible new physics contributions
in the mixing parameters. We suggest a very clear method of visualizing the
bounds on new physics and demonstrate this by combining the latest experimental
numbers on the mixing quantities quantities with theory - one already gets some
hints for new physics contributions, but more precise experimental numbers are
needed to draw some definite conclusions. We conclude with a ranking list of
all the discussed quantities according to their current theoretical
uncertainties and point out possible improvements.Comment: 6 pages, invited talk at Hadron Collider Physics Symposium 2007, La
  Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy, misprints in Note added correcte
Measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the total transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at √s =7 TeV with ATLAS

This paper describes measurements of the sum of the transverse energy of particles as a function of particle pseudorapidity, η, in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy, √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the region |η| < 4.8 for two event classes: those requiring the presence of particles with a low transverse momentum and those requiring particles with a significant transverse momentum. In the second dataset measurements are made in the region transverse to the hard scatter. The distributions are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which generally tend to underestimate the amount of transverse energy at high |η|.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Quantifying intracellular protein binding thermodynamics during mechanotransduction based on FRET spectroscopy.

Mechanical force modulates myriad cellular functions including migration, alignment, proliferation, and gene transcription. Mechanotransduction, the transmission of mechanical forces and its translation into biochemical signals, may be mediated by force induced protein conformation changes, subsequently modulating protein signaling. For the paxillin and focal adhesion kinase interaction, we demonstrate that force-induced changes in protein complex conformation, dissociation constant, and binding Gibbs free energy can be quantified by lifetime-resolved fluorescence energy transfer microscopy combined with intensity imaging calibrated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Comparison with in vitro data shows that this interaction is allosteric in vivo. Further, spatially resolved imaging and inhibitor assays show that this protein interaction and its mechano-sensitivity are equal in the cytosol and in the focal adhesions complexes indicating that the mechano-sensitivity of this interaction must be mediated by soluble factors but not based on protein tyrosine phosphorylation
A Compact Microchip-Based Atomic Clock Based on Ultracold Trapped Rb
  Atoms

We propose a compact atomic clock based on ultracold Rb atoms that are
magnetically trapped near the surface of an atom microchip. An interrogation
scheme that combines electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) with
Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields can achieve atomic shot-noise
level performance of 10^{-13}/sqrt(tau) for 10^6 atoms. The EIT signal can be
detected with a heterodyne technique that provides noiseless gain; with this
technique the optical phase shift of a 100 pW probe beam can be detected at the
photon shot-noise level. Numerical calculations of the density matrix equations
are used to identify realistic operating parameters at which AC Stark shifts
are eliminated. By considering fluctuations in these parameters, we estimate
that AC Stark shifts can be canceled to a level better than 2*10^{-14}. An
overview of the apparatus is presented with estimates of duty cycle and power
consumption.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 5 table
Simulations of Winds of Weak-Lined T Tauri Stars. II.: The Effects of a
  Tilted Magnetosphere and Planetary Interactions

Based on our previous work (Vidotto et al. 2009a), we investigate the effects
on the wind and magnetospheric structures of weak-lined T Tauri stars due to a
misalignment between the axis of rotation of the star and its magnetic dipole
moment vector. In such configuration, the system loses the axisymmetry
presented in the aligned case, requiring a fully 3D approach. We perform 3D
numerical MHD simulations of stellar winds and study the effects caused by
different model parameters. The system reaches a periodic behavior with the
same rotational period of the star. We show that the magnetic field lines
present an oscillatory pattern and that by increasing the misalignment angle,
the wind velocity increases. Our wind models allow us to study the interaction
of a magnetized wind with a magnetized extra-solar planet. Such interaction
gives rise to reconnection, generating electrons that propagate along the
planet's magnetic field lines and produce electron cyclotron radiation at radio
wavelengths. We find that a close-in Jupiter-like planet orbiting at 0.05AU
presents a radio power that is ~5 orders of magnitude larger than the one
observed in Jupiter, which suggests that the stellar wind from a young star has
the potential to generate strong planetary radio emission that could be
detected in the near future with LOFAR. This radio power varies according to
the phase of rotation of the star. We also analyze whether winds from
misaligned stellar magnetospheres could cause a significant effect on planetary
migration. Compared to the aligned case, we show that the time-scale tau_w for
an appreciable radial motion of the planet is shorter for larger misalignment
angles. While for the aligned case tau_w~100Myr, for a stellar magnetosphere
tilted by 30deg, tau_w ranges from ~40 to 70Myr for a planet located at a
radius of 0.05AU. (Abridged)Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables (emulateapj.cls). Accepted for
  publication in the Ap
The Golden Strip of Correlated Top Quark, Gaugino, and Vectorlike Mass
  In No-Scale, No-Parameter F-SU(5)

We systematically establish the hyper-surface within the tan(beta), top quark
mass m_t, universal gaugino mass M_1/2, and vectorlike mass M_V parameter
volume which is compatible with the application of the No-Scale Supergravity
boundary conditions, particularly the vanishing of the Higgs bilinear soft term
B_mu, near to the Planck mass at the point M_F of ultimate F-lipped SU(5)
unification. M_F is elevated from the penultimate partial unification near the
traditional GUT scale at a mass M_32 by the inclusion of extra F-theory derived
heavy vectorlike multiplets. We demonstrate that simultaneous adherence to all
current experimental constraints, most importantly contributions to the muon
anomalous magnetic moment (g-2)_mu, the branching ratio limit on (b \to s
gamma), and the 7-year WMAP relic density measurement, dramatically reduces the
allowed solutions to a highly non-trivial "golden strip" with tan(beta) \sim
15, m_t = 173.0-174.4 GeV, M_1/2 = 455-481 GeV, and M_V = 691-1020 GeV,
effectively eliminating all extraneously tunable model parameters. We emphasize
that the consonance of the theoretically viable m_t range with the
experimentally established value is an independently correlated "postdiction".
The predicted range of M_V is testable at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The
partial lifetime for proton decay in the leading (e+|mu+) pi0 channels falls
around 4.6 X 10^34 Y, testable at the future DUSEL and Hyper-Kamiokande
facilities.Comment: V2, As accepted for publication in Physics Letters B; 7 pages, 3
  figure
Millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of the core and
  hotspots of Cygnus-A

We present millimetre photometry and submillimetre imaging of the central
core and two hotspots in the radio lobes of the galaxy Cygnus-A. For both
hotspots and the central core the synchrotron spectrum continues smoothly from
the radio to a frequency of 677 GHz. The spectral index of the hotspots is
constant over our frequ ency range, with a spectral index of about -1.0, which
is steeper than at lower frequencies and represents the emission from an aged
population of electrons. The core is significantly flatter, with a spectral
index of -0.6 +/- 0.1, suggestive of an injected spectrum with no ageing, but
some evidence for steepening exists at our highest observing frequency.
Although IRAS data suggest t he presence of dust in Cygnus-A, our 450 um data
show no evidence of cold dust, therefore the dust component must have a
temperature lying between 85 K and 37 K, respectively.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figues, accepted for publication in MNRAS 199
Optical and UV observations of a strong flare in the young, single
  K2-dwarf LQ Hya

We present high resolution optical echelle spectra and IUE observations
during a strong flare on 1993 December 22 in the very active, young, rapidly
rotating, single K2 dwarf LQ Hya. The initial impulsive phase of the flare,
which started sometime between 2:42 UT and 4:07 UT, was characterized by strong
optical continuum enhancement and blue-shifted emission lines with broad wings.
The optical chromospheric lines reached their maximum intensity at
$\approx$5:31 UT, by which time the blue-shift vanished and the optical
continuum enhancement had sharply decreased. Thereafter, the line emission
slowly decreased and the lines red-shift in a gradual phase that lasted at
least two more hours. The Mg II lines behaved similarly. Quiescent C IV flux
levels were not recovered until 21 hours later, though a data gap and a
possible second flare make the interpretation uncertain. In addition to the
typically flare-enhanced emission lines (e.g., H_alpha and H_beta), we observe
He I D_3 going into emission, plus excess emission (after subtraction of the
quiescent spectrum) in other He I and several strong neutral metal lines (e.g.,
Mg I b). Flare enhancement of the far UV continuum generally agrees with a Si I
recombination model. We estimate the total flare energy, and discuss the broad
components, asymmetries, and Doppler shifts seen in some of the emission lines.Comment: Latex file with 14 pages, 10 figures tar'ed gzip'ed. Full postscript
  (text and figures) available at http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/pub_dmg.html To
  be published in MNRA
Cryptanalysis of an MPEG-Video Encryption Scheme Based on Secret Huffman
  Tables

This paper studies the security of a recently-proposed MPEG-video encryption
scheme based on secret Huffman tables. Our cryptanalysis shows that: 1) the key
space of the encryption scheme is not sufficiently large against
divide-and-conquer (DAC) attack and known-plaintext attack; 2) it is possible
to decrypt a cipher-video with a partially-known key, thus dramatically
reducing the complexity of the DAC brute-force attack in some cases; 3) its
security against the chosen-plaintext attack is very weak. Some experimental
results are included to support the cryptanalytic results with a brief discuss
on how to improve this MPEG-video encryption scheme.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Hypermagnetic Field Effects in the Thermal Bath of Chiral Fermions

The dispersion relations for leptons in the symmetric phase of the
electroweak model in the presence of a constant hypermagnetic field are
investigated. The one-loop fermion self-energies are calculated in the lowest
Landau level approximation and used to show that the hypermagnetic field
forbids the generation of the ''effective mass'' found as a pole of the
fermions' propagators at high temperature and zero fields. In the considered
approximation leptons behave as massless particles propagating only along the
direction of the external field. The reported results can be of interest for
the cosmological implications of primordial hypermagnetic fields.Comment: 5 page
Reheat Temperature and the Right-handed Neutrino Mass

We discuss the reheating temperature in the instant preheating scenario. In
this scenario, at the last stage of inflation, the inflaton field first decays
into another scalar field with an enormous number density via the instant
preheating mechanism. Subsequently, the produced scalar field decays into
normal matter accompanied by the usual reheating mechanism. As an inflationary
model, we identify the inflaton as a field which gives rise to a mass for the
right-handed (s)neutrino. One of the interesting consequences of the instant
preheating mechanism is the fact that the reheating temperature is proportional
to the mass of the decayed particle, {\it the right-handed sneutrino}, $T_R
\propto M_R$. This is very different from the ordinary perturbative reheating
scenario in which the reheating temperature is proportional to the mass of the
inflaton.Comment: 3 pages, title changed, the version to appear in Phys. Lett.
$ttH$ Anomalous Coupling in Double Higgs Production

We study the effects of top-Higgs anomalous coupling in the production of a
pair of Higgs boson via gluon fusion at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The
introduction of anomalous $ttH$ coupling can alter the hadronic double Higgs
boson cross section and can lead to characteristic changes in certain kinematic
distributions. We perform a global analysis based on available LHC data on the
Higgs to constrain the parameters of $ttH$ anomalous coupling. Possible overlap
of the predictions due to anomalous $ttH$ coupling with those due to anomalous
trilinear Higgs coupling is also studied. We briefly discuss the effect of the
anomalous $ttH$ coupling on the $HZ$ production via gluon fusion which is one
of the main backgrounds in the $HH \to \gamma\gamma b {\bar b}$ channel.Comment: 22 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables. Text reorganized, main results
  unchanged, new plots and references added. Journal versio