pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous PT-Symmetry Breaking for Systems of Noncommutative Euclidean Lie Algebraic Type

We propose a noncommutative version of the Euclidean Lie algebra E 2. Several types of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems expressed in terms of generic combinations of the generators of this algebra are investigated. Using the breakdown of the explicitly constructed Dyson maps as a criterium, we identify the domains in the parameter space in which the Hamiltonians have real energy spectra and determine the exceptional points signifying the crossover into the different types of spontaneously broken PT-symmetric regions with pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues. We find exceptional points which remain invariant under the deformation as well as exceptional points becoming dependent on the deformation parameter of the algebra
Problem formulation for truth-table invariant cylindrical algebraic decomposition by incremental triangular decomposition

Cylindrical algebraic decompositions (CADs) are a key tool for solving problems in real algebraic geometry and beyond. We recently presented a new CAD algorithm combining two advances: truth-table invariance, making the CAD invariant with respect to the truth of logical formulae rather than the signs of polynomials; and CAD construction by regular chains technology, where first a complex decomposition is constructed by refining a tree incrementally by constraint. We here consider how best to formulate problems for input to this algorithm. We focus on a choice (not relevant for other CAD algorithms) about the order in which constraints are presented. We develop new heuristics to help make this choice and thus allow the best use of the algorithm in practice. We also consider other choices of problem formulation for CAD, as discussed in CICM 2013, revisiting these in the context of the new algorithm
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin on Zr co-sputtered a-C(:H) films: implication on wear behaviour

The use of protective coatings in biomedical field is an ongoing scientific challenge. Among different materials, carbon-based coatings are considered a potential surface treatment for orthopaedic implants. In this study, the effect of Zr incorporation in amorphous carbon coatings on the wear behaviour under protein containing lubrication was investigated. The coatings were deposited by dc unbalanced magnetron sputtering in Ar (non-hydrogenated) and Ar+CH4 (hydrogenated) discharges onto Ti based biomedical substrate. To improve the adhesion between the film and substrate a functional gradient Ti based layer was deposited (~550nm). The surface wettability was evaluated to assess the effect of the Zr and hydrogen content. The films with Zr were found to be hydrophobic enhancing the protein adsorption onto the surface; no significant differences were found when H was incorporated in the films. The adsorption layer characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a well define nitrogen peak originating from the organic layer. The tribological properties of the film were evaluated by unidirectional pin-on-disc testing with diluted bovine serum lubrication and physiological solution at 37±3 C°. The friction and the wear of the coatings were very low compared to uncoated substrates in both lubrication conditions. The ability of the surfaces to adsorb proteins was considered as the driving force for wear resistance acting as a protecting layer. In addition, the incorporation of Zr decreased the wear of the counterbody (Ti alloy) due to higher albumin adsorption
Nuclear matter response function with a central plus tensor Landau interaction

We present a method to obtain response functions in the random phase approximation (RPA) based on a residual interaction described in terms of Landau parameters with central plus tensor contributions. The response functions keep the explicit momentum dependence of the RPA, in contrast with the traditional Landau approximation. Results for symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter are presented using Landau parameters derived from finite-range interactions, both phenomenological and microscopic. We study the convergence of response functions as the number of Landau parameters is increased
Examining the Unintended Consequences of Marketing

While many firms engage in successful marketing activities with outcomes beneficial for both the firm and its stakeholders, a number of situations occur where these successful outcomes impact in an unanticipated negative fashion on consumers, society and other stakeholders. This article examines the importance of firms evaluating the entire network of exchanges. Such evaluations of the firm and other stakeholders are steps toward ensuring that any unintended consequences of marketing activities are not only considered, but are also appropriately addressed
Control of Drosophila photoreceptor cell fates by phyllopod, a novel nuclear protein acting downstream of the Raf kinase.

The phyllopod (phyl) gene regulates the fates of a subset of cells in the developing Drosophila eye; in the absence of phyl function, the R1, R6, and R7 photoreceptors are transformed into additional cone cells, whereas ectopic phyl expression in the cone cell precursors transforms these cells into additional R7 cells. Within this group of cells, phyl expression thus mimics activation of the Raf pathway in its ability to induce photoreceptor rather than cone cell development. Furthermore, the transformation of cone cells into R7 cells in response to Raf activation is both accompanied by and dependent upon ectopic phyl expression. phyl thus represents a possible target gene of the Raf pathway during eye development, controlling the fates of a novel subset of photoreceptors
Doctor-patient differences in risk and time preferences : a field experiment

Financial support for this study was provided entirely by a Pump-priming grant from the Faculty of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Surrey. We gratefully acknowledge this funding from the University of Surrey. The funding agreement ensured the authors' independence in designing the study, interpreting the data, writing, and publishing the report. We thank Nigel Rice, three anonymous referees, and all participants of the Health Economics Research Unit seminar in Aberdeen (October 2013); the Health Economics Study Group workshop in Warwick (June 2013); and the Health Economics Research Centre seminar in Oxford (July 2013) for useful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Aikaterini Anestaki, Omiros Stavropoulos and Theodoros Thomaidis for assistance with the data collection.Peer reviewedPostprin
Labour market entries and exits of women from different origin countries in the UK

Labour force participation rates of women differ strongly by ethnic origin. Even though existing research using cross-sectional studies has demonstrated that part of these differences can be attributed to compositional differences in human capital, household conditions and gender attitudes, residual ‘ethnic effects’ typically remain. To further our understanding of women's labour market behaviour across ethnic groups, we use a large-scale longitudinal study and apply a dynamic perspective to examine how far relevant life-course events in addition to individual characteristics, gender attitudes and religiosity contribute to the explanation of ethnic differences in women's labour force entries and exits in the UK. Our findings show that, adjusting for all these factors, Indian and Caribbean women do not differ from White majority women in their labour force entry and exit probabilities but that Pakistani and Bangladeshi women are less likely to enter and more likely to exit the labour market, whereas Black African women have higher entry rates. We also find that relations between life-course events and labour market transitions differ by ethnic group. Most notably, Pakistani and Bangladeshi women's labour market transitions are less sensitive to child-bearing and Caribbean women's transitions less sensitive to partnership changes than other women'
CNV-association meta-analysis in 191,161 European adults reveals new loci associated with anthropometric traits.

There are few examples of robust associations between rare copy number variants (CNVs) and complex continuous human traits. Here we present a large-scale CNV association meta-analysis on anthropometric traits in up to 191,161 adult samples from 26 cohorts. The study reveals five CNV associations at 1q21.1, 3q29, 7q11.23, 11p14.2, and 18q21.32 and confirms two known loci at 16p11.2 and 22q11.21, implicating at least one anthropometric trait. The discovered CNVs are recurrent and rare (0.01-0.2%), with large effects on height (&gt;2.4 cm), weight (&gt;5 kg), and body mass index (BMI) (&gt;3.5 kg/m2). Burden analysis shows a 0.41 cm decrease in height, a 0.003 increase in waist-to-hip ratio and increase in BMI by 0.14 kg/m2 for each Mb of total deletion burden (P = 2.5 × 10-10, 6.0 × 10-5, and 2.9 × 10-3). Our study provides evidence that the same genes (e.g., MC4R, FIBIN, and FMO5) harbor both common and rare variants affecting body size and that anthropometric traits share genetic loci with developmental and psychiatric disorders.Individual SNPs have small effects on anthropometric traits, yet the impact of CNVs has remained largely unknown. Here, Kutalik and co-workers perform a large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of structural variation and find rare CNVs associated with height, weight and BMI with large effect sizes
Does visual working memory represent the predicted locations of future target objects? An event-related brain potential study

During the maintenance of task-relevant objects in visual working memory, the contralateral delay activity (CDA) is elicited over the hemisphere opposite to the visual field where these objects are presented. The presence of this lateralised CDA component demonstrates the existence of position-dependent object representations in working memory. We employed a change detection task to investigate whether the represented object locations in visual working memory are shifted in preparation for the known location of upcoming comparison stimuli. On each trial, bilateral memory displays were followed after a delay period by bilateral test displays. Participants had to encode and maintain three visual objects on one side of the memory display, and to judge whether they were identical or different to three objects in the test display. Task-relevant memory and test stimuli were located in the same visual hemifield in the no-shift task, and on opposite sides in the horizontal shift task. CDA components of similar size were triggered contralateral to the memorized objects in both tasks. The absence of a polarity reversal of the CDA in the horizontal shift task demonstrated that there was no preparatory shift of memorized object location towards the side of the upcoming comparison stimuli. These results suggest that visual working memory represents the locations of visual objects during encoding, and that the matching of memorized and test objects at different locations is based on a comparison process that can bridge spatial translations between these objects
Search for anomalous couplings in boosted $WW/WZ \to\ellν q \overline q$ production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton–proton collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 $fb^{−1}$. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: $λ ([−0.011,0.011]), Δκ_γ ([−0.044,0.063])$, and $Δg_Z^1 ([−0.0087,0.024])$. These limits are also translated into their effective field theory equivalents: $c_{WWW}/Λ2 ([−2.7,2.7]TeV^{−2}), c_B/Λ2 ([−14,17]TeV−2)$, and $c_W/Λ2 ([−2.0,5.7]TeV^{−2})$
Search for direct production of supersymmetric partners of the top quark in the all-jets final state in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for direct production of top squark pairs in events with jets and large transverse momentum imbalance is presented. The data are based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in 2016 at the CERN LHC, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 inverse femtobarns. The search considers a variety of R-parity conserving supersymmetric models, including ones for which the top squark and neutralino masses are nearly degenerate. Specialized jet reconstruction tools are developed to exploit the unique characteristics of the signal topologies. With no significant excess of events observed above the standard model expectations, upper limits are set on the direct top squark pair production cross section in the context of simplified supersymmetric models for various decay hypotheses. Models with larger differences in mass between the top squark and neutralino are probed for masses up to 1040 and 500 GeV, respectively, whereas models with a more compressed mass hierarchy are probed up to 660 and 610 GeV, respectively. The smallest mass difference probed is for masses near to 550 and 540 GeV, respectively
Body Weight, Body Image, And Eating Behaviours: Relationships With Ethnicity And Acculturation In A Community Sample Of Young Australian Women

A study was conducted to investigate associations between ethnicity and acculturation status and risk factors for eating disorders among young adult women. A community sample of 14,779 women aged 18-23 completed a comprehensive mail-out survey, which incorporated questions on country of birth, length of time spent in Australia, body weight, weight dissatisfaction, dieting, binge eating, and compensatory disordered eating behaviours. Results showed that risk factors for eating disorders were present across a range of ethnic groups. Further, a strong acculturation effect was observed, such that the longer the time spent in Australia, the more women reported weight-related values and behaviours similar to those of Australian-born women. Results challenge claims that risk factors for disordered eating are restricted to Caucasian females in Western societies. Implications for understanding ethnic and sociocultural influences on body weight, dieting, and disordered eating are considered
Nonlinear effects in buoyancy-driven variable-density turbulence

We consider the time dependence of a hierarchy of scaled L 2m -norms Dm,ω and Dm,θ of the vorticity ω = ∇ × u and the density gradient ∇θ, where θ = log(ρ∗ /ρ∗ 0 ), in a buoyancy-driven turbulent flow as simulated by Livescu & Ristorcelli (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 591, 2007, pp. 43–71). Here, ρ ∗ (x, t) is the composition density of a mixture of two incompressible miscible fluids with fluid densities ρ ∗ 2 > ρ∗ 1 , and ρ ∗ 0 is a reference normalization density. Using data from the publicly available Johns Hopkins turbulence database, we present evidence that the L 2 -spatial average of the density gradient ∇θ can reach extremely large values at intermediate times, even in flows with low Atwood number At = (ρ∗ 2 − ρ ∗ 1 )/(ρ∗ 2 + ρ ∗ 1 ) = 0.05, implying that very strong mixing of the density field at small scales can arise in buoyancy-driven turbulence. This large growth raises the possibility that the density gradient ∇θ might blow up in a finite time
Sub-tomogram averaging of COPII assemblies reveals how coat organization dictates membrane shape

Eukaryotic cells employ membrane-bound carriers to transport cargo between compartments in a process essential to cell functionality. Carriers are generated by coat complexes that couple cargo capture to membrane deformation. The COPII coat mediates export from the endoplasmic reticulum by assembling in inner and outer layers, yielding carriers of variable shape and size that allow secretion of thousands of diverse cargo. Despite detailed under- standing of COPII subunits, the molecular mechanisms of coat assembly and membrane deformation are debated. Here we present a 4.9 Å cryo-tomography sub-tomogram aver aging structure of in vitro-reconstituted membrane-bound inner coat. We show that the outer coat (Sec13–Sec31) bridges inner coat subunits (Sar1–Sec23–Sec24), promoting their assembly into a tight lattice. We directly visualize the membrane-embedded Sar1 amphi- pathic helix, revealing that lattice formation induces parallel helix insertions, yielding tubular curvature. We propose that regulators like the procollagen receptor TANGO1 modulate this mechanism to determine vesicle shape and size
Phenomenological models of holographic superconductors and hall currents

We study general models of holographic superconductivity parametrized by four arbitrary functions of a neutral scalar field of the bulk theory. The models can accommodate several features of real superconductors, like arbitrary critical temperatures and critical exponents in a certain range, and perhaps impurities or boundary or thickness effects. We find analytical expressions for the critical exponents of the general model and show that they satisfy the Rushbrooke identity. An important subclass of models exhibit second order phase transitions. A study of the specific heat shows that general models can also describe holographic superconductors undergoing first, second and third (or higher) order phase transitions. We discuss how small deformations of the HHH model can lead to the appearance of resonance peaks in the conductivity, which increase in number and become narrower as the temperature is gradually decreased, without the need for tuning mass of the scalar to be close to the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. Finally, we investigate the inclusion of a generalized ¿theta term¿ producing Hall effect without magnetic field
Brownian dynamics simulation of DNA condensation.

DNA condensation observed in vitro with the addition of polyvalent counterions is due to intermolecular attractive forces. We introduce a quantitative model of these forces in a Brownian dynamics simulation in addition to a standard mean-field Poisson-Boltzmann repulsion. The comparison of a theoretical value of the effective diameter calculated from the second virial coefficient in cylindrical geometry with some experimental results allows a quantitative evaluation of the one-parameter attractive potential. We show afterward that with a sufficient concentration of divalent salt (typically approximately 20 mM MgCl(2)), supercoiled DNA adopts a collapsed form where opposing segments of interwound regions present zones of lateral contact. However, under the same conditions the same plasmid without torsional stress does not collapse. The condensed molecules present coexisting open and collapsed plectonemic regions. Furthermore, simulations show that circular DNA in 50% methanol solutions with 20 mM MgCl(2) aggregates without the requirement of torsional energy. This confirms known experimental results. Finally, a simulated DNA molecule confined in a box of variable size also presents some local collapsed zones in 20 mM MgCl(2) above a critical concentration of the DNA. Conformational entropy reduction obtained either by supercoiling or by confinement seems thus to play a crucial role in all forms of condensation of DNA
Addendum to: Predictions for Higgs production at the Tevatron and the
  associated uncertainties

In a recent paper, we updated the theoretical predictions for the production
cross sections of the Standard Model Higgs boson at the Tevatron and estimated
the various uncertainties affecting these predictions. We found that there is a
large theoretical uncertainty, of order 40%, on the cross section for the main
production channel, gluon-gluon fusion into a Higgs boson. Since then, a note
from the Higgs working groups of the CDF and D0 collaborations criticizing our
modeling of the $gg\to H$ cross section has appeared. In this addendum, we
answer to this criticism point by point and, in particular, perform an analysis
of $\sigma(gg\to H)$ for a central value of the renormalization and
factorization scales $\mu_0=\frac12 M_H$ for which higher order corrections
beyond next-to-next-to-leading order (that we discarded in our previous
analysis) are implicitly included. Our results show that the new Tevatron
exclusion bound on the Higgs boson mass, $M_{H}!=!158$-175 GeV at the 95%
confidence level, is still largely debatable.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Addendum to
  http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.426
Significance of tension for gravitating masses in Kaluza-Klein models

In this letter, we consider the six-dimensional Kaluza-Klein models with
spherical compactification of the internal space. Here, we investigate the case
of bare gravitating compact objects with the dustlike equation of state $\hat
p_0=0$ in the external (our) space and an arbitrary equation of state $\hat
p_1=\Omega \hat\varepsilon$ in the internal space, where $\hat \varepsilon$ is
the energy density of the source. This gravitating mass is spherically
symmetric in the external space and uniformly smeared over the internal space.
In the weak field approximation, the conformal variations of the internal space
volume generate the admixture of the Yukawa potential to the usual Newton's
gravitational potential. For sufficiently large Yukawa masses, such admixture
is negligible and the metric coefficients of the external spacetime coincide
with the corresponding expressions of General Relativity. Then, these models
satisfy the classical gravitational tests. However, we show that gravitating
masses acquire effective relativistic pressure in the external space. Such
pressure contradicts the observations of compact astrophysical objects (e.g.,
the Sun). The equality $\Omega =-1/2$ (i.e. tension) is the only possibility to
preserve the dustlike equation of state in the external space. Therefore, in
spite of agreement with the gravitational experiments for an arbitrary value of
$\Omega$, tension ($\Omega=-1/2$) plays a crucial role for the considered
models.Comment: 8 pages, no figure
Space-time quantum solves three experimental paradoxes

I show that a Planck-scale deformation of the relativistic dispersion
relation, which has been independently considered in the quantum-gravity
literature, can explain the surprising results of three classes of experiments:
(1) observations of cosmic rays above the expected GZK limit, (2) observations
of multi-TeV photons from the BL Lac object Markarian 501, (3) studies of the
longitudinal development of the air showers produced by ultra-high-energy
hadronic particles. Experiments now in preparation, such as the ones planned
for the GLAST space telescope, will provide an independent test of this
solution of the three experimental paradoxes.Comment: LaTex, 9 pages. Typos corrected (in the version submitted yesterday
  there was one type in equation and a couple of spelling typos). All aspects
  of the analysis remain unchange