pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Loss of phenotypic plasticity generates genotype-caste association in harvester ants.

Caste differentiation and reproductive division of labor are the hallmarks of insect societies. In ants and other social Hymenoptera, development of female larvae into queens or workers generally results from environmentally induced differences in gene expression. However, several cases in which certain gene combinations may determine reproductive status have been described in bees and ants. We investigated experimentally whether genotype directly influences caste determination in two populations of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants in which genotype-caste associations have been observed. Each population contains two genetic lineages. Queens are polyandrous and mate with males of both lineages , but in mature colonies, over 95% of daughter queens have a pure-lineage genome, whereas all workers are of F1 interlineage ancestry. We found that this pattern is maintained throughout the colony life cycle, even when only a single caste is being produced. Through controlled crosses, we demonstrate that pure-lineage eggs fail to develop into workers even when interlineage brood are not present. Thus, environmental caste determination in these individuals appears to have been lost in favor of a hardwired genetic mechanism. Our results reveal that genetic control of reproductive fate can persist without loss of the eusocial caste structure
Methylomic analysis of monozygotic twins discordant for autism spectrum disorder and related behavioural traits.

This is a freely-available open access publication.  Please cite the published version which is available via the DOI link in this record.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) defines a group of common, complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Although the aetiology of ASD has a strong genetic component, there is considerable monozygotic (MZ) twin discordance indicating a role for non-genetic factors. Because MZ twins share an identical DNA sequence, disease-discordant MZ twin pairs provide an ideal model for examining the contribution of environmentally driven epigenetic factors in disease. We performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in a sample of 50 MZ twin pairs (100 individuals) sampled from a representative population cohort that included twins discordant and concordant for ASD, ASD-associated traits and no autistic phenotype. Within-twin and between-group analyses identified numerous differentially methylated regions associated with ASD. In addition, we report significant correlations between DNA methylation and quantitatively measured autistic trait scores across our sample cohort. This study represents the first systematic epigenomic analyses of MZ twins discordant for ASD and implicates a role for altered DNA methylation in autism.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 23 April 2013; doi:10.1038/mp.2013.41.Medical Research Council (MRC)Autism SpeaksUS National Institutes of HealthNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR
When hadrons become unstable: a novel type of non-analyticity in chiral extrapolations.

Hadron masses show a specific dependence on the quark masses. Therefore, the variation of these masses can cause a resonance in a hadronic scattering amplitude to become a bound state. Consequently, the amplitude exhibits a non analytic behavior at this transition. Crossed amplitudes, where the resonance can be exchanged in the t-channel, can be shown to exhibit the same phenomenon by s --> t analytic continuation. This entails possible kinks in lattice quark-mass extrapolations needed to compute hadronic observables
Two practical strategies for developing resultant muscle torque production using elastic resistance device

This investigation was conducted to quantify and compare Resultant Muscle Torque (RMT) pattern in quadriceps muscle using elastic resistance training device. Sixteen subjects completed 8-RM seated knee extension by elastic tubing with original length (E0) and elastic tubing with 30 decrement of original length (E30). Every repetition was partitioned into 6 phases (3 concentric and 3 eccentric) and mean value for external force and acceleration were calculated and synchronized for every phase of lifting. The magnitude of Resultant Muscle Torque was calculated based on the equation recommended by Enoka (2002) for dynamic motions. the RMT values among various exercise types phases demonstrated significantly higher value for E30 compared with E0 (all P &lt; 0.05). This is except in the 3 rd and 4 th phases of contraction which no significant difference observed between E0 and E30. Accordingly, the magnitude of increasing RMT in phase 1 (2.6 ) and phase 6 (3.98 ) for E30 compared with E0 supported the effectiveness of two applied strategies in developing muscle torque production in ER exercises. Â© 2011 Springer-Verlag
High-Energy Emission from a Solar Flare in Hard X-rays and Microwaves

We investigate accelerated electron energy spectra for different sources in a
large flare using simultaneous observations obtained with two instruments, the
Nobeyama Radio Heliograph (NoRH) at 17 and 34 GHz, and the Reuven Ramaty High
Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) at hard X-rays. This flare is one of
the few in which emission up to energies exceeding 200 keV can be imaged in
hard X-rays. Furthermore, we can investigate the spectra of individual sources
up to this energy. We discuss and compare the HXR and microwave spectra and
morphology. Although the event overall appears to correspond to the standard
scenario with magnetic reconnection under an eruptive filament, several of its
features do not seem to be consistent with popular flare models. In particular
we find that (1) microwave emissions might be optically thick at high
frequencies despite a low peak frequency in the total flux radio spectrum,
presumably due to the inhomogeneity of the emitting source; (2) magnetic fields
in high-frequency radio sources might be stronger than sometimes assumed; (3)
sources spread over a very large volume can show matching evolution in their
hard X-ray spectra that may provide a challenge to acceleration models. Our
results emphasize the importance of studies of sunspot-associated flares and
total flux measurements of radio bursts in the millimeter range.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figure
Marginal Deformations of Vacua with Massive boson-fermion Degeneracy
  Symmetry

Two-dimensional string vacua with Massive Spectrum boson-fermion Degeneracy
Symmetry (MSDS) are explicitly constructed in Type II and Heterotic superstring
theories. The study of their moduli space indicates the existence of large
marginal deformations that connect continuously the initial d=2, MSDS vacua to
higher-dimensional conventional superstring vacua, where spacetime
supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by geometrical fluxes. We find that the
maximally symmetric, d=2, Type II MSDS-vacuum, is in correspondence with the
maximal, N=8, d=4, gauged supergravity, where the supergravity gauging is
induced by the fluxes. This correspondence is extended to less symmetric cases
where the initial MSDS symmetry is reduced by orbifolds. We also exhibit and
analyse thermal interpretations of some Euclidean versions of the models and
identify classes of MSDS vacua that remain tachyon-free under arbitrary
marginal deformations about the extended symmetry point. The connection between
the two-dimensional MSDS vacua and the resulting four-dimensional effective
supergravity theories arises naturally within the context of an adiabatic
cosmological evolution, where the very early Universe is conjectured to be
described by an MSDS-vacuum, while at late cosmological times it is described
by an effective N=1 supergravity theory with spontaneously broken
supersymmetry
Clouds, filaments and protostars: the Herschel Hi-GAL Milky Way

We present the first results from the science demonstration phase for the
Hi-GAL survey, the Herschel key-project that will map the inner Galactic Plane
of the Milky Way in 5 bands. We outline our data reduction strategy and present
some science highlights on the two observed 2{\deg} x 2{\deg} tiles
approximately centered at l=30{\deg} and l=59{\deg}. The two regions are
extremely rich in intense and highly structured extended emission which shows a
widespread organization in filaments. Source SEDs can be built for hundreds of
objects in the two fields, and physical parameters can be extracted, for a good
fraction of them where the distance could be estimated. The compact sources
(which we will call 'cores' in the following) are found for the most part to be
associated with the filaments, and the relationship to the local beam-averaged
column density of the filament itself shows that a core seems to appear when a
threshold around A_V of about 1 is exceeded for the regions in the l=59{\deg}
field; a A_V value between 5 and 10 is found for the l=30{\deg} field, likely
due to the relatively larger distances of the sources. This outlines an
exciting scenario where diffuse clouds first collapse into filaments, which
later fragment to cores where the column density has reached a critical level.
In spite of core L/M ratios being well in excess of a few for many sources, we
find core surface densities between 0.03 and 0.5 g cm-2. Our results are in
good agreement with recent MHD numerical simulations of filaments forming from
large-scale converging flows.Comment: A&A, accepte
Thermodynamic anomalies in open quantum systems: Strong coupling effects
  in the isotropic XY model

The exactly solvable model of a one dimensional isotropic XY spin chain is
employed to study the thermodynamics of open systems. For this purpose the
chain is subdivided into two parts, one part is considered as the system while
the rest as the environment or bath. The equilibrium properties of the system
display several anomalous aspects such as negative entropies, negative specific
heat, negative susceptibilities in dependence of temperature and coupling
strength between system and bath. The statistical mechanics of this system is
studied in terms of a reduced density matrix. At zero temperature and for a
certain parameter values we observe a change of the ground state, a situation
akin to a quantum phase transition.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. Published in the special issue of Chemical
  Physics "Stochastic processes in Physics and Chemistry" (in honor of Peter
  H\"anggi
Measurement of the Inclusive Z Cross Section via Decays to Tau Pairs in
  pp Collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A measurement of inclusive Z to tau^+ tau^- production in pp collisions is
presented, in the final states mu+hadrons, e+hadrons, e+mu, and mu+mu. The data
sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns
collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured cross section is
sigma(pp to Z) B(Z to tau^+ tau^-) = 1.00 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.08 (syst.)
+/-0.04 (lumi.) nb, which is in good agreement with the next-to-next-to-leading
order QCD prediction and with previous measurements in the Z to e^+e^- and mu^+
mu^- channels. The reconstruction efficiency for hadronic tau decays is
determined with a precision of 7%
Event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in central
  Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon

We present first data on event-by-event fluctuations in the average
transverse momentum of charged particles produced in Pb+Pb collisions at the
CERN SPS. This measurement provides previously unavailable information allowing
sensitive tests of microscopic and thermodynamic collision models and to search
for fluctuations expected to occur in the vicinity of the predicted QCD phase
transition. We find that the observed variance of the event-by-event average
transverse momentum is consistent with independent particle production modified
by the known two-particle correlations due to quantum statistics and final
state interactions and folded with the resolution of the NA49 apparatus. For
two specific models of non-statistical fluctuations in transverse momentum
limits are derived in terms of fluctuation amplitude. We show that a
significant part of the parameter space for a model of isospin fluctuations
predicted as a consequence of chiral symmetry restoration in a non-equilibrium
scenario is excluded by our measurement.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Quantum probes of timelike naked singularities in the weak field regime
  of $f(R)$ global monopole spacetime

The formation of a naked singularity in $f(R)$ global monopole spacetime is
considered in view of quantum mechanics. Quantum test fields obeying the
Klein$-$Gordon, Dirac and Maxwell equations are used to probe the classical
timelike naked singularity developed at $r=0$. We prove that the spatial
derivative operator of the fields fails to be essentially self-adjoint. As a
result, the classical timelike naked singularity formed in $f(R)$ global
monopole spacetime remains quantum mechanically singular when it is probed with
quantum fields having different spin structures. Pitelli and Letelier (Phys.
Rev. D 80, 104035, 2009) had shown that for quantum scalar ($spin$ $0$% )
probes the general relativistic global monopole singularity remains intact. For
specific modes electromagnetic ($spin$ $1$) and Dirac field ($% spin$ $1/2$)
probes, however, we show that the global monopole spacetime behaves quantum
mechanically regular. The admissibility of this singularity is also
incorporated within the Gubser's singularity conjecture.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP. arXiv admin
  note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1205.512
Holographic R\'enyi entropy in AdS$_3$/LCFT$_2$ correspondence

The recent study in AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence shows that the tree level
contribution and 1-loop correction of holographic R\'enyi entanglement entropy
(HRE) exactly match the direct CFT computation in the large central charge
limit. This allows the R\'enyi entanglement entropy to be a new window to study
the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this paper we generalize the study of R\'enyi
entanglement entropy in pure AdS$_3$ gravity to the massive gravity theories at
the critical points. For the cosmological topological massive gravity (CTMG),
the dual conformal field theory (CFT) could be a chiral conformal field theory
or a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT), depending on the asymptotic
boundary conditions imposed. In both cases, by studying the short interval
expansion of the R\'enyi entanglement entropy of two disjoint intervals with
small cross ratio $x$, we find that the classical and 1-loop HRE are in exact
match with the CFT results, up to order $x^6$. To this order, the difference
between the massless graviton and logarithmic mode can be seen clearly.
Moreover, for the cosmological new massive gravity (CNMG) at critical point,
which could be dual to a logarithmic CFT as well, we find the similar agreement
in the CNMG/LCFT correspondence. Furthermore we read the 2-loop correction of
graviton and logarithmic mode to HRE from CFT computation. It has distinct
feature from the one in pure AdS$_3$ gravity.Comment: 28 pages. Typos corrected, published versio
Status of the Zee-Babu model for neutrino mass and possible tests at a
  like-sign linear collider

We provide an updated scan of the allowed parameter space of the two-loop
Zee-Babu model for neutrino mass. Taking into account most recent experimental
data on $\mu\to e\gamma$ as well as the mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ we obtain
lower bounds on the masses of the singly and doubly charged scalars of between
1 to 2 TeV, with some dependence on perturbativity and fine-tuning
requirements. This makes the scalars difficult to observe at LHC with 14 TeV
even with optimistic assumptions on the luminosity, and would require a
multi-TeV linear collider to see the scalar resonances. We point out, however,
that a sub-TeV linear collider in the like-sign mode may be able to observe
lepton flavour violating processes such as $e^- e^- \to \mu^- \mu^-$ due to
contact interactions induced by the doubly charged scalar with masses up to
around 10 TeV. We investigate the possibility to distinguish the Zee-Babu model
from the Higgs triplet model using such processes.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since
  $z=3$

Spectroscopic + photometric redshifts, stellar mass estimates, and rest-frame
colors from the 3D-HST survey are combined with structural parameter
measurements from CANDELS imaging to determine the galaxy size-mass
distribution over the redshift range 0<z<3. Separating early- and late-type
galaxies on the basis of star-formation activity, we confirm that early-type
galaxies are on average smaller than late-type galaxies at all redshifts, and
find a significantly different rate of average size evolution at fixed galaxy
mass, with fast evolution for the early-type population, R_eff ~ (1+z)^-1.48,
and moderate evolution for the late-type population, R_eff ~ (1+z)^-0.75. The
large sample size and dynamic range in both galaxy mass and redshift, in
combination with the high fidelity of our measurements due to the extensive use
of spectroscopic data, not only fortify previous results, but also enable us to
probe beyond simple average galaxy size measurements. At all redshifts the
slope of the size-mass relation is shallow, R_eff ~ M_star^0.22, for late-type
galaxies with stellar mass >3x10^9 M_sol, and steep, R_eff M_star^0.75, for
early-type galaxies with stellar mass >2x10^10 M_sol. The intrinsic scatter is
<~0.2 dex for all galaxy types and redshifts. For late-type galaxies, the
logarithmic size distribution is not symmetric, but skewed toward small sizes:
at all redshifts and masses a tail of small late-type galaxies exists that
overlaps in size with the early-type galaxy population. The number density of
massive (~10^11 M_sol), compact (R_eff < 2 kpc) early-type galaxies increases
from z=3 to z=1.5-2 and then strongly decreases at later cosmic times.Comment: Published in ApJ. Structural parameter measurements publicly
  available at http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/homes/vdwel/3dhstcandels.htm
Renormalization group approach to a $p$-wave superconducting model

We present in this work an exact renormalization group (RG) treatment of a
one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor. The model proposed by Kitaev consists
of a chain of spinless fermions with a $p$-wave gap. It is a paradigmatic model
of great actual interest since it presents a weak pairing superconducting phase
that has Majorana fermions at the ends of the chain. Those are predicted to be
useful for quantum computation. The RG allows to obtain the phase diagram of
the model and to study the quantum phase transition from the weak to the strong
pairing phase. It yields the attractors of these phases and the critical
exponents of the weak to strong pairing transition. We show that the weak
pairing phase of the model is governed by a chaotic attractor being non-trivial
from both its topological and RG properties. In the strong pairing phase the RG
flow is towards a conventional strong coupling fixed point. Finally, we propose
an alternative way for obtaining $p$-wave superconductivity in a
one-dimensional system without spin-orbit interaction.Comment: 14 pages and 4 figures, to appear in Physics Letters
On vacuum energies and renormalizability in integrable quantum field
  theories

We compute for various perturbed conformal field theories the vacuum energies
by means of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Depending on the infrared and
ultraviolet divergencies of the models, governed by the scaling dimensions of
the underlying perturbed conformal field theory in the ultraviolet, the vacuum
energies exhibit different types of characteristics. In particular, for the
homogeneous sine-Gordon models we observe that once the conformal dimension of
the perturbing scalar field is smaller or greater than 1/2, the vacuum energies
are positive or negative, respectively. This behaviour indicates the need for
additional ultraviolet counterterms in the latter case. At the transition
points we obtain an infinite vacuum energy, which is partly explainable with
the presence of several free Fermions in the models studied.Comment: 20 pages, Latex, reference added, typos correcte
Special symmetries of the charged Kerr-AdS black hole of D=5 minimal
  gauged supergravity

In this note we prove that the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the background of
the recently discovered charged Kerr-AdS black hole of D=5 minimal gauged
supergravity is separable, for arbitrary values of the two rotation parameters.
This allows us to write down an irreducible Killing tensor for the spacetime.
As a result we also show that the Klein-Gordon equation in this background is
separable. We also consider the Dirac equation in this background in the
special case of equal rotation parameters and show it has separable solutions.
Finally we discuss the near-horizon geometry of the supersymmetric limit of the
black hole.Comment: 7 pages, Latex. v2, two references added and discussion of near
  horizon limit corrected and expande
Inclusive $\pi^0$ and $K^0_S$ Production in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP

The reactions $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-\pi^0$ X and $e^+e^- \to e^+e^-K^0_S$ X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum pt and the pseudo-rapidity. For $p_t \le 1.5$ GeV, the $\pi^0$ and $K^0_s$ differential cross sections are described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For $p_t \ge 1.5$ GeV, the cross sections show the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations. \end{document}The reactions ee->ee+pi0+X and ee->ee+K0s+X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum pt and the pseudo-rapidity. For pt &lt; 1.5 GeV, the pi0 and K0s differential cross sections are described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For pt > 1.5 GeV, the cross sections show the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations.The reactions e + e − →e + e − π 0 X and e + e − →e + e − K S 0 X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum p t and the pseudo-rapidity. For p t ⩽1.5 GeV, the π 0 and K S 0 differential cross sections are described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For p t ⩾1.5 GeV, the cross sections show the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: clustering, GUT scale and neutrino masses

The clustering of ultra high energy (above 5\cdot 10^{19} eV) cosmic rays (UHECR) suggests that they might be emitted by compact sources. We present a statistical analysis on the source density based on the multiplicities. The propagation of UHECR protons is studied in detail. The UHECR spectrum is consistent with the decay of GUT scale particles and/or with the Z-burst. The predicted GUT mass is m_X=10^b GeV, where b=14.6_{-1.7}^{+1.6}. Our neutrino mass prediction depends on the origin of the power part of the spectrum: m_\nu=2.75^{+1.28}_{-0.97} eV for halo and 0.26^{+0.20}_{-0.14} eV for extragalactic (EG) origin