pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Extrapolation and unitarity bounds for the $B \to \pi$ form factor

We address the problem of extrapolating the vector form factor $f_{B\pi}^+$,
which is relevant to $B\to \pi\ell \nu_\ell$ decays, from the region of small
to the region of large momentum transfer. As input, we use the QCD light-cone
sum rule at small momentum transfer. We carry out a comprehensive Bayesian
uncertainty analysis and obtain correlated uncertainties for the normalization
and shape parameters of the form factor. The $z$-series parametrization for
$f_{B\pi}^+$ is employed to extrapolate our results to large momentum transfer,
and to compare with the lattice QCD results. To test the validity of our
extrapolation we use the upper and lower bounds from the unitarity and
positivity of the two-point correlator of heavy-light quark currents. This
correlator is updated by including the NNLO perturbative term and the NLO
correction to the quark condensate contribution. We demonstrate that an
additional input including the form factor, its first and second derivative
calculated at one value of momentum transfer from the light-cone sum rules,
considerably improves the bounds. This only holds when the correlations between
the form factor parameters are taken into account. We further combine our
results with the latest experimental measurements of $B\to \pi \ell \nu_\ell$
by the BaBar and Belle collaborations, and obtain $|V_{ub}|=
(3.32^{+0.26}_{-0.22}) \cdot 10^{-3}$ from a Bayesian analysis.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figures; v2: as published (reference and zoomed plot
  added, conclusions and numerics unchanged
N=2 6-dimensional Supersymmetric $E_6$ Breaking

We study the $N=2$ supersymmetric $E_6$ models on the 6-dimensional
space-time where the supersymmetry and gauge symmetry can be broken by the
discrete symmetry. On the space-time $M^4\times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2') \times
S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2')$, for the zero modes, we obtain the 4-dimensional $N=1$
supersymmetric models with gauge groups $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times SU(2) \times
U(1)^2$, $SU(4)\times SU(2) \times SU(2) \times U(1)$, and $SU(3)\times SU(2)
\times U(1)^3$ with one extra pair of Higgs doublets from the vector multiplet.
In addition, considering that the extra space manifold is the annulus $A^2$ and
disc $D^2$, we list all the constraints on constructing the 4-dimensional $N=1$
supersymmetric $SU(3)\times SU(2) \times U(1)^3$ models for the zero modes, and
give the simplest model with $Z_9$ symmetry. We also comment on the extra gauge
symmetry breaking and its generalization.Comment: Latex, 12 pages, version to appear in PL
Forward $\pi^{0}$-meson production at HERA

The production of high transverse momentum piz^0-mesons has been measured in deep-inelastic e-p scattering events at low Bjorken-$x$ taken with the H1 detector at HERA. The production of high p_T particles is strongly correlated to the emission of hard partons in QCD and is therefore sensitive to the dynamics of the strong interaction. For the first time the measurement of single particles has been extended to the region of small angles w.r.t. the proton remnant (forward region) and down to very low values of x ~ 5x10^-5. This region is expected to be particularly sensitive to QCD evolution effects in final states. Differential cross sections of inclusive pi^0-meson production have been measured as a function of Bjorken-x and the four-momentum transfer Q^2, and also as a function of the transverse momentum and the polar angle of the pi^0-mesons. A recent BFKL calculation and QCD models based on the DGLAP splitting functions are compared to the data. The best description of the data is achieved by the BFKL calculation
A Poincaré-Covariant Parton Cascade Model for Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Reactions

We present a new cascade-type microscopic simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at RHIC energies. The basic elements are partons (quarks and gluons) moving in 8N-dimensional phase space according to Poincaré-covariant dynamics. The parton-parton scattering cross sections used in the model are computed within perturbative QCD in the tree-level approximation. The $Q^2$ dependence of the structure functions is included by an implementation of the DGLAP mechanism suitable for a cascade, so that the number of partons is not static, but varies in space and time as the collision of two nuclei evolves. The resulting parton distributions are presented and compared to distributions obtained with the VNI model
Selfdual and non-selfdual solutions for gauge fields in Schwarzschild and de Sitter backgrounds for dimension d > 4

Physically relevant gauge and gravitational theories can be seen as specialmembers of hierarchies of more elaborate systems. The Yang-Mills (YM) system isthe first member of a hierarchy of Lagrangians which we will index by $p_1$,and the Einstein-Hilbert (EH) system of general relativity is the first memberof another hierarchy which we index by $p_2$. In this paper, we study theclassical equations of the $p_1 = 1,2$ YM hierarchy considered in thebackground of special geometries (Schwarzschild, deSitter,anti-deSitter) of the$p_2=1,2,3$ EH hierarchy. Solutions are obtained in various dimensions and leadto several examples of non-self-dual YM fields. When $p_1=p_2$ self-dualsolutions exist in addition. Their action is equal to the Chern-Pontryagincharge and can be compared with that of the non-self-dual solutions
Quantisation of the SU(N) WZW Model at Level $k$

The quantisation of the Wess-Zumino-Witten model on a circle is discussed in
the case of $SU(N)$ at level $k$. The quantum commutation of the chiral vertex
operators is described by an exchange relation with a braiding matrix, $Q$.
Using quantum consistency conditions, the braiding matrix is found explicitly
in the fundamental representation. This matrix is shown to be related to the
Racah matrix for $U_t(SL(N))$. From calculating the four-point functions with
the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations, the deformation parameter $t$ is shown to
be $t=\exp({i\pi /(k+N)})$ when the level $k\ge 2$. For $k=1$, there are two
possible types of braiding, $t=\exp({i\pi /(1+N)})$ or $t=\exp(i\pi)$. In the
latter case, the chiral vertex operators are constructed explicitly by
extending the free field realisation a la Frenkel-Kac and Segal. This
construction gives an explicit description of how to chirally factorise the
$SU(N)_{k=1}$ WZW model.Comment: DAMTP-94-42, 21 page
Singularity structure of the two point function of the free Dirac field
  on a globally hyperbolic spacetime

We give an introduction to the techniques from microlocal analysis that have
successfully been applied in the investigation of Hadamard states of free
quantum field theories on curved spacetimes. The calculation of the wave front
set of the two point function of the free Klein-Gordon field in a Hadamard
state is reviewed, and the polarization set of a Hadamard two point function of
the free Dirac field on a curved spacetime is calculated.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX, to be published in Annalen der Physi
Engineered ascorbate peroxidase as a genetically-encoded reporter for electron microscopy

Electron microscopy (EM) is the standard method for imaging cellular structures with nanometer resolution, but existing genetic tags are inactive in most cellular compartments1 or require light and are difficult to use2. Here we report the development of a simple and robust EM genetic tag, called “APEX,” that is active in all cellular compartments and does not require light. APEX is a monomeric 28 kDa peroxidase that withstands strong EM fixation to give excellent ultrastructural preservation. We demonstrate the utility of APEX for high-resolution EM imaging of a variety of mammalian organelles and specific proteins. We also fused APEX to the N- or C-terminus of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), a newly identified channel whose topology is disputed3,4. MCU-APEX and APEX-MCU give EM contrast exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix, suggesting that both the N-and C-termini of MCU face the matrix
Throughput and energy efficiency in IEEE 802.11 WLANs: friends or foes?

Proceedings of: 6th International ICST Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness, QShine 2009 
and
3rd International Workshop on Advanced Architectures and Algorithms for Internet Delivery and Applications, AAA-IDEA 2009, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, November 23-25, 2009Understanding and optimizing the energy consumption of
wireless devices is critical to maximize network lifetime and to provide
guidelines for the design of new protocols and interfaces. In this work we
first provide an accurate analysis of the energy performance of an IEEE
802.11 WLAN, and then we derive the configuration to maximize it. We
also analyze the impact of the energy configuration of the device on the
throughput performance, and discuss in which circumstances throughput
and energy efficiency can be both maximized and where they constitute
different challenges.European Community's Seventh Framework ProgramPublicad
Measurement of indirect $CP$ asymmetries in $D^0\rightarrow K^-K^+$ and
  $D^0\rightarrow \pi^-\pi^+$ decays using semileptonic $B$ decays

Time-dependent $CP$ asymmetries in the decay rates of the singly
Cabibbo-suppressed decays $D^0\rightarrow K^-K^+$ and $D^0\rightarrow
\pi^-\pi^+$ are measured in $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The $D^0$ mesons
are produced in semileptonic $b$-hadron decays, where the charge of the
accompanying muon is used to determine the initial state as $D^0$ or
$\bar{D}^0$. The asymmetries in effective lifetimes between $D^0$ and
$\bar{D}^0$ decays, which are sensitive to indirect $CP$ violation, are
determined to be \begin{align*}
  A_{\Gamma}(K^-K^+) = (-0.134 \pm 0.077 \; {}^{+0.026}_{-0.034})\% \,
  A_{\Gamma}(\pi^-\pi^+) = (-0.092\pm 0.145 \; {}^{+0.025}_{-0.033})\% \,
\end{align*} where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. This result is in agreement with previous measurements and with the
hypothesis of no indirect $CP$ violation in $D^0$ decays.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Renormalization-group investigation of a superconducting $U(r)$-phase
  transition using five loops calculations

We have studied a Fermi system with attractive $U(r)$-symmetric interaction
at the finite temperatures by the quantum field renormalization group (RG)
method. The RG functions have been calculated in the framework of dimensional
regularization and minimal subtraction scheme up to five loops. It has been
found that for $r\geq 4$ the RG flux leaves the system's stability region --
the system undergoes a first order phase transition. To estimate the
temperature of the transition to superconducting or superfluid phase the RG
analysis for composite operators has been performed using three-loops
approximation. As the result this analysis shows that for $3D$ systems
estimated phase transition temperature is higher then well known theoretical
estimations based on continuous phase transition formalism
Widespread signals of convergent adaptation to high altitude in Asia and america.

Living at high altitude is one of the most difficult challenges that humans had to cope with during their evolution. Whereas several genomic studies have revealed some of the genetic bases of adaptations in Tibetan, Andean, and Ethiopian populations, relatively little evidence of convergentevolution to altitude in different continents has accumulated. This lack of evidence can be due to truly different evolutionary responses, but it can also be due to the low power of former studies that have mainly focused on populations from a single geographical region or performed separate analyses on multiple pairs of populations to avoid problems linked to shared histories between some populations. We introduce here a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect local adaptation that can deal with complex demographic histories. Our method can identify selection occurring at different scales, as well as convergent adaptation in different regions. We apply our approach to the analysis of a large SNP data set from low- and high-altitude human populations from America and Asia. The simultaneous analysis of these two geographic areas allows us to identify several candidate genome regions for altitudinal selection, and we show that convergent evolution among continents has been quite common. In addition to identifying several genes and biological processes involved in high-altitude adaptation, we identify two specific biological pathways that could have evolved in both continents to counter toxic effects induced by hypoxia
Search for heavy lepton resonances decaying to a $Z$ boson and a lepton in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for heavy leptons decaying to a $Z$ boson and an electron or a muon is presented. The search is based on $pp$ collision data taken at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$. Three high-transverse-momentum electrons or muons are selected, with two of them required to be consistent with originating from a $Z$ boson decay. No significant excess above Standard Model background predictions is observed, and 95% confidence level limits on the production cross section of high-mass trilepton resonances are derived. The results are interpreted in the context of vector-like lepton and type-III seesaw models. For the vector-like lepton model, most heavy lepton mass values in the range 114-176 GeV are excluded. For the type-III seesaw model, most mass values in the range 100-468 GeV are excluded
Measurements of the $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ charge asymmetry using the dilepton decay channel in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV

The $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ charge asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV is measured using the dilepton decay channel (ee, e mu, or mu mu). The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The t t-bar and lepton charge asymmetries, defined as the differences in absolute values of the rapidities between the reconstructed top quarks and antiquarks and of the pseudorapidities between the positive and negative leptons, respectively, are measured to be Ac = -0.010 /pm 0.017 (stat.) /pm 0.008 (syst.) and $A_{\mathrm{C}}^{\mathrm{lep}}$ = 0.009 /pm 0.010 (stat.) /pm- 0.006 (syst). The lepton charge asymmetry is also measured as a function of the invariant mass, rapidity, and transverse momentum of the $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ system. All measurements are consistent with the expectations of the standard model
Search for massive resonances decaying into pairs of boosted bosons in semi-leptonic final states at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for new resonances decaying to WW, ZZ, or WZ is presented. Final states are considered in which one of the vector bosons decays leptonically and the other hadronically. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Techniques aiming at identifying jet substructures are used to analyze signal events in which the hadronization products from the decay of highly boosted W or Z bosons are contained within a single reconstructed jet. Upper limits on the production of generic WW, ZZ, or WZ resonances are set as a function of the resonance mass and width. We increase the sensitivity of the analysis by statistically combining the results of this search with a complementary study of the all-hadronic final state. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the bulk graviton production cross section in the range from 700 to 10 femtobarns for resonance masses between 600 and 2500 GeV, respectively. These limits on the bulk graviton model are the most stringent to date in the diboson final state
Measurement of the in-medium phi-meson width in proton nucleus collisions

The production of phi mesons in the collisions of 2.83 GeV protons with C, Cu, Ag, and Au at forward angles has been measured via the phi -> K+K- decay using the COSY-ANKE magnetic spectrometer. The phi meson production cross section follows a target mass dependence of A(0.56 +/- 0.33) in the momentum region of 0.6-1.6 GeV/c. The comparison of the data with model calculations suggests that the in-medium phi width is about an order of magnitude larger than its free value. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Higgsphobic and fermiophobic Z’ as a single dark matter candidate

A spin-1 Z’ particle as a single dark matter candidate is investigated by assuming that it does not directly couple to the Higgs boson and standard model fermions and does not mix with the photon and Z boson. The remaining dominant vertices are quartic Z ′ Z ′ ZZ and Z ′ Z ′ W + W − , which can induce effective $ {Z^{\prime }}{Z^{\prime }}q\overline{q} $ couplings through standard-model gauge-boson loops. We discuss constraints from the cosmological thermal relic density, and direct and indirect-detection experiments, and find that a dark Z’ can only exist above the W boson mass threshold, and the effective quartic coupling of Z ′ Z ′ VV is bounded in the region of 10 −3 ~10 −2
QED as the tensionless limit of the spinning string with contact interaction

QED with spinor matter is argued to correspond to the tensionless limit of spinning strings with contact interactions. The strings represent electric lines of force with charges at their ends. The interaction is constructed from a delta-function on the world-sheet which, although off-shell, decouples from the world-sheet metric. Integrating out the string degrees of freedom with fixed boundary generates the super-Wilson loop that couples spinor matter to electromagnetism in the world-line formalism. World-sheet and world-line, but not spacetime, supersymmetry underpin the model
Higgs self-coupling measurements at a 100 TeV hadron collider

An important physics goal of a possible next-generation high-energy hadron collider will be precision characterisation of the Higgs sector and electroweak symmetry breaking. A crucial part of understanding the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking is measuring the Higgs self-interactions. We study dihiggs production in proton-proton collisions at 100 TeV centre of mass energy in order to estimate the sensitivity such a machine would have to variations in the trilinear Higgs coupling around the Standard Model expectation. We focus on the b b ¯ γ γ $$ b\overline{b}\gamma \gamma $$ final state, including possible enhancements in sensitivity by exploiting dihiggs recoils against a hard jet. We find that it should be possible to measure the trilinear self-coupling with 40% accuracy given 3/ab and 12% with 30/ab of data
V5116 Sgr: a disc-ecipsed SSS post-outburst nova?

Publicado en línea el 9 de febrero de 2010.Nova V5116 Sgr 2005 No. 2, discovered on 2005 July 4, was observed with XMM-Newton in March 2007, 20 months after the optical outburst. The X-ray spectrum showed that the nova had evolved to a pure supersoft X-ray source, indicative of residual H-burning on top of the white dwarf. The X-ray light-curve shows abrupt decreases and increases of the flux by a factor 8 with a periodicity of 2.97 h, consistent with the possible orbital period of the system. The EPIC spectra are well fit with an ONe white dwarf atmosphere model, with the same temperature both in the low and the high flux periods. This rules out an intrinsic variation of the X-ray source as the origin of the flux changes, and points to a possible partial eclipse as the origin of the variable light curve. The RGS high resolution spectra support this scenario showing a number of emission features in the low flux state, which either disappear or change into absorption features in the high flux state. A new XMM-Newton observation in March 2009 shows the SSS had turned off and V51 16 Sgr had evolved into a weaker and harder X-ray source
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently?:Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy

This paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life. Applied behavioural research characterises drivers and barriers to cost-effective renovations, and identifies personal and contextual influences on homeowners' renovation decisions. Research findings inform policies to promote energy efficiency by removing barriers or strengthening decision influences. Sociological research on domestic life points to limitations in this understanding of renovation decision making that emphasises houses but not homes, energy efficiency but not home improvements, the one-off but not the everyday, and renovations but not renovating. The paper proposes a situated approach in response to this critique. A situated approach retains a focus on renovation decision making, but conceptualises decisions as processes that emerge from the conditions of everyday domestic life and are subject to different levels of influence. This situated approach is tractable for energy efficiency policy while recognising the ultimate influences that explain why homeowners decide to renovate
Intermittent montelukast in children aged 10 months to 5 years with wheeze (WAIT trial): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of intermittent montelukast for wheeze in young children is unclear. We aimed to assess whether intermittent montelukast is better than placebo for treatment of wheeze in this age group. Because copy numbers of the Sp1-binding motif in the arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) gene promoter (either 5/5, 5/x, or x/x, where x does not equal 5) modifies response to montelukast in adults, we stratified by this genotype. METHODS: We did this multicentre, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial between Oct 1, 2010, and Dec 20, 2013, at 21 primary care sites and 41 secondary care sites in England and Scotland. Children aged 10 months to 5 years with two or more wheeze episodes were allocated to either a 5/5 or 5/x+x/x ALOX5 promoter genotype stratum, then randomly assigned (1:1) via a permuted block schedule (size ten), to receive intermittent montelukast or placebo given by parents at each wheeze episode over a 12 month period. Clinical investigators and parents were masked to treatment group and genotype strata. The primary outcome was number of unscheduled medical attendances for wheezing episodes. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01142505. FINDINGS: We randomly assigned 1358 children to receive montelukast (n=669) or placebo (n=677). Consent was withdrawn for 12 (1%) children. Primary outcome data were available for 1308 (96%) children. There was no difference in unscheduled medical attendances for wheezing episodes between children in the montelukast and placebo groups (mean 2·0 [SD 2·6] vs 2·3 [2·7]; incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0·88, 95% CI: 0·77-1·01; p=0·06). Compared with placebo, unscheduled medical attendances for wheezing episodes were reduced in children given montelukast in the 5/5 stratum (2·0 [2·7] vs 2·4 [3·0]; IRR 0·80, 95% CI 0·68-0·95; p=0·01), but not in those in the 5/x+x/x stratum (2·0 [2·5] vs 2·0 [2·3]; 1·03, 0·83-1·29; p=0·79, pinteraction=0·08). We recorded one serious adverse event, which was a skin reaction in a child allocated to placebo. INTERPRETATION: Our findings show no clear benefit of intermittent montelukast in young children with wheeze. However, the 5/5 ALOX5 promoter genotype might identify a montelukast-responsive subgroup. FUNDING: Medical Research Council (UK) and National Institute for Health Research.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio