pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Quantization of BMS3 orbits: A perturbative approach

AbstractWe compute characters of the BMS group in three dimensions. The approach is the same as that performed by Witten in the case of coadjoint orbits of the Virasoro group in the eighties, within the large central charge approximation. The procedure involves finding a Poisson bracket between classical variables and the corresponding commutator of observables in a Hilbert space, explaining why we call this a quantization. We provide first a pedagogical warm up by applying the method to both SL(2,R) and Poincaré3 groups. As for BMS3, our results coincide with the characters of induced representations recently studied in the literature. Moreover, we relate the ‘coadjoint representations’ to the induced representations
Probing the W tb vertex structure in t-channel single-top-quark production and decay in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

To probe the W tb vertex structure, top-quark and W -boson polarisation observables are measured from t-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a b-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate t-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the W boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and W -boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling gR are also set from model-independent measurements
Identification of novel markers for uncomplicated lower genital tract infections and upper genital tract pathology due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

Background:  Untreated Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women can result in disease sequelae such as salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ultimately culminating in tubal occlusion and infertility.  Whilst nucleic acid amplification tests can effectively diagnose uncomplicated lower genital tract (LGT) infections, they are not suitable for diagnosing upper genital tract (UGT) pathological sequelae.  As a consequence, this study aimed to identify serological markers that can, with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, discriminate between LGT infections and UGT pathology.  Methods:  Plasma was collected from 73 women with a history of LGT infection, UGT pathology due to C. trachomatis or no serological evidence of C. trachomatis infection.  Western blotting was used to analyse antibody reactivity against extracted chlamydial proteins.  Sensitivity and specificity of differential markers were also calculated.  Results:  Four antigens (CT157, CT423, CT727 and CT396) were identified and found to be capable of discriminating between the infection and disease sequelae state.  Sensitivity and specificity calculations showed that our assay for diagnosing LGT infection had a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 76% respectively, whilst the assay for identifying UGT pathology demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 86% specificity.  Conclusions:  The use of these assays could potentially facilitate earlier diagnoses in women suffering UGT pathology due to C. trachomatis
Magnetic properties and giant magnetoresistance in melt‐spun Co‐Cu alloys

Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of as‐quenched and annealed Co10Cu90 samples have been investigated using x‐ray diffraction and a SQUID magnetometer. The largest value of MR change was observed for the as‐quenched sample annealed at 450 °C for 30 min. The magnetic and transport properties closely correlate with the microstructure, mainly with Co magnetic particle size and its distribution. For thermal annealing the as‐quenched samples below 600 °C, the Co particle diameters increase from 4.0 to 6.0 nm with a magnetoresistance (MR) drop from 33.0% to 5.0% at 10 K. Comparison with the theory indicates that the interfacial electron spin‐dependent scattering mechanism correlates with GMR for Co particle diameters up to about 6.0 nm
Martingales, Detrending Data, and the Efficient Market Hypothesis

We discuss martingales, detrending data, and the efficient market hypothesis for stochastic processes x(t) with arbitrary diffusion coefficients D(x,t). Beginning with x-independent drift coefficients R(t) we show that Martingale stochastic processes generate uncorrelated, generally nonstationary increments. Generally, a test for a martingale is therefore a test for uncorrelated increments. A detrended process with an x- dependent drift coefficient is generally not a martingale, and so we extend our analysis to include the class of (x,t)-dependent drift coefficients of interest in finance. We explain why martingales look Markovian at the level of both simple averages and 2-point correlations. And while a Markovian market has no memory to exploit and presumably cannot be beaten systematically, it has never been shown that martingale memory cannot be exploited in 3-point or higher correlations to beat the market. We generalize our Markov scaling solutions presented earlier, and also generalize the martingale formulation of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) to include (x,t)- dependent drift in log returns. We also use the analysis of this paper to correct a misstatement of the ‘fair game’ condition in terms of serial correlations in Fama’s paper on the EMH. We end with a discussion of Levy’scharacterization of Brownian motion and prove that an arbitrary martingale is topologically inequivalent to a Wiener process.
Removing systematics from the CoRoT light curves. I. Magnitude-dependent zero point

Copyright © The European Southern Observatory (ESO)This paper presents an analysis that searched for systematic effects within the CoRoT exoplanet field light curves. The analysis identified a systematic effect that modified the zero point of most CoRoT exposures as a function of stellar magnitude. We could find this effect only after preparing a set of learning light curves that were relatively free of stellar and instrumental noise. Correcting for this effect, rejecting outliers that appear in almost every exposure, and applying SysRem, reduced the stellar RMS by about 20%, without attenuating transit signals
Constraining spacetime nonmetricity with neutron spin rotation in liquid 4He

General spacetime nonmetricity coupled to neutrons is studied. In this context, it is shown that certain nonmetricity components can generate a rotation of the neutron's spin. Available data on this effect obtained from slow-neutron propagation in liquid helium are used to constrain isotropic nonmetricity components at the level of GeV. These results represent the first limit on the nonmetricity parameter as well as the first measurement of nonmetricity inside matter.DOE/DE-SC0010120NSF/PHY-1614545IU Center for Spacetime SymmetriesNational Science Foundation of China/11605056Chinese Scholarship CouncilAlexander von Humboldt Foundatio
Dawes Review 7: The Tidal Downsizing Hypothesis of Planet Formation

Tidal Downsizing scenario of planet formation builds on ideas proposed by Gerard Kuiper in 1951. Detailed simulations of self-gravitating discs, gas fragments, dust grain dynamics, and planet evolutionary calculations are summarised here and used to build a predictive population synthesis. A new interpretation of exoplanetary and debris disc data, the Solar System's origins, and the links between planets and brown dwarfs is offered. Tidal Downsizing predicts that presence of debris discs, sub-Neptune mass planets, planets more massive than ~ 5 Jupiter masses and brown dwarfs should not correlate strongly with the metallicity of the host. For gas giants of ~ Saturn to a few Jupiter mass, a strong host star metallicity correlation is predicted only inwards of a few AU from the host. Composition of massive cores is predicted to be dominated by rock rather than ices. Debris discs made by Tidal Downsizing have an innermost edge larger than about 1 au, have smaller total masses and are usually in a dynamically excited state. Planet formation in surprisingly young or very dynamic systems such as HL Tau and Kepler-444 may be a signature of Tidal Downsizing. Open questions and potential weaknesses of the hypothesis are pointed out.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Integrated modeling in urban hydrology : reviewing the role of monitoring technology in overcoming the issue of 'big data' requirements

Increasingly, the application of models in urban hydrology has undergone a shift toward integrated structures that recognize the interconnected nature of the urban landscape and both the natural and engineered water cycles. Improvements in computational processing during the past few decades have enabled the application of multiple, connected model structures that link previously disparate systems together, incorporating feedbacks and connections. Many applications of integrated models look to assess the impacts of environmental change on physical dynamics and quality of landscapes. Whilst these integrated structures provide a more robust representation of natural dynamics, they often place considerable data requirements on the user, whereby data are required at contrasting spatial and temporal scales which can often transcend multiple disciplines. Concomitantly, our ability to observe complex, natural phenomena at contrasting scales has improved considerably with the advent of increasingly novel monitoring technologies. This has provided a pathway for reducing model uncertainty and improving our confidence in modeled outputs by implementing suitable monitoring regimes. This commentary assesses how component models of an exemplar integrated model have advanced over the past few decades, with a critical focus on the role of monitoring technologies that have enabled better identification of the key physical process. This reduces the uncertainty of processes at contrasting spatial and temporal scales, through a better characterization of feedbacks which then enhances the utility of integrated model applications
On neutron stars in f (R) theories: Small radii, large masses and large energy emitted in a merger

In the context of f(R) gravity theories, we show that the apparent mass of a neutron star as seen from an observer at infinity is numerically calculable but requires careful matching, first at the star’s edge, between interior and exterior solutions, none of them being totally Schwarzschildlike but presenting instead small oscillations of the curvature scalar R; and second at large radii, where the Newtonian potential is used to identify the mass of the neutron star. We find that for the same equation of state, this mass definition is always larger than its general relativistic counterpart. We exemplify this with quadratic R 2 and Hu-Sawicki-like modifications of the standard General Relativity action. Therefore, the finding of two-solar mass neutron stars basically imposes no constraint on stable f(R) theories. However, star radii are in general smaller than in General Relativity, which can give an observational handle on such classes of models at the astrophysical level. Both larger masses and smaller matter radii are due to much of the apparent effective energy residing in the outer metric for scalar-tensor theories. Finally, because the f(R) neutron star masses can be much larger than General Relativity counterparts, the total energy available for radiating gravitational waves could be of order several solar masses, and thus a merger of these stars constitutes an interesting wave source
An exact factorization perspective on quantum interferences in nonadiabatic dynamics.

Nonadiabatic quantum interferences emerge whenever nuclear wavefunctions in different electronic states meet and interact in a nonadiabatic region. In this work, we analyze how nonadiabatic quantum interferences translate in the context of the exact factorization of the molecular wavefunction. In particular, we focus our attention on the shape of the time-dependent potential energy surface—the exact surface on which the nuclear dynamics takes place. We use a one-dimensional exactly solvable model to reproduce different conditions for quantum interferences, whose characteristic features already appear in one-dimension. The time-dependent potential energy surface develops complex features when strong interferences are present, in clear contrast to the observed behavior in simple nonadiabatic crossing cases. Nevertheless, independent classical trajectories propagated on the exact time-dependent potential energy surface reasonably conserve a distribution in configuration space that mimics one of the exact nuclear probability densities
Search for anomalous Wtb couplings and flavour-changing neutral currents in t-channel single top quark production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV

Single top quark events produced in the t channel are used to set limits on anomalous Wtb couplings and to search for top quark flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions. The data taken with the CMS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.0 and 19.7 $fb^{−1}$, respectively. The analysis is performed using events with one muon and two or three jets. A Bayesian neural network technique is used to discriminate between the signal and backgrounds, which are observed to be consistent with the standard model prediction. The 95% confidence level (CL) exclusion limits on anomalous right-handed vector, and left- and right-handed tensor Wtb couplings are measured to be |$f_{V}$$^{R}$| < 0.16, |$f_T$$^L$| < 0.057, and − 0.049 < $f_T$$^R$ < 0.048, respectively. For the FCNC couplings $κ_{tug}$ and $κ_{tcg}$, the 95% CL upper limits on coupling strengths are $|κ_{tug}|/Λ < 4.1 × 10^{−3} TeV^{−1}$ and $|κ_{tcg}|/Λ < 1.8 × 10^{−2} TeV^{−1}$, where Λ is the scale for new physics, and correspond to upper limits on the branching fractions of $2.0 × 10^{−5}$ and$ 4.1 × 10^{−4}$ for the decays t → ug and t → cg, respectively
Metadynamics surfing on topology barriers: the CP N−1 case

As one approaches the continuum limit, QCD systems, investigated via numerical simulations, remain trapped in sectors of field space with fixed topological charge. As a consequence the numerical studies of physical quantities may give biased results. The same is true in the case of two dimensional CPN −1 models. In this paper we show that metadynamics, when used to simulate CPN −1, allows to address efficiently this problem. By studying CP20 we show that we are able to reconstruct the free energy of the topological charge F (Q) and compute the topological susceptibility as a function of the coupling and of the volume. This is a very important physical quantity in studies of the dynamics of the θ vacuum and of the axion. This method can in principle be extended to QCD applications. © 2016, The Author(s)
A SPECTROPOLARIMETRIC TEST OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTRINSIC ABSORBERS IN THE QUASAR HS 1603+3820*

We report the results of a spectropolarimetric observation of the C VI "mini-broad" absorption line (mini-BAL) in the quasar HS 1603+3820 (z(em) = 2.542). The observations were carried out with the FOCAS instrument on the Subaru Telescope and yielded an extremely high polarization sensitivity of delta(p) similar to 0.1%, at a resolving power of R similar to 1500. HS 1603+3820 has been the target of a high-resolution spectroscopic monitoring campaign for more than four years, aimed at studying its highly variable C VI mini-BAL profile. Using the monitoring observations in an earlier paper, we were able to narrow down the causes of the variability to the following two scenarios: (1) scattering material of variable optical depth redirecting photons around the absorber and (2) a variable, highly ionized screen between the continuum source and the absorber which modulates the UV continuum incident on the absorber. The observations presented here provide a crucial test of the scattering scenario and lead us to disfavor it because (1) the polarization level is very small (p similar to 0.6%) throughout the spectrum and (2) the polarization level does not increase across the mini-BAL trough. Thus, the variable screen scenario emerges as our favored explanation of the C VI mini-BAL variability. Our conclusion is bolstered by recent X-ray observations of nearby mini-BAL quasars, which show a rapidly variable soft X-ray continuum that appears to be the result of transmission through an ionized absorber of variable ionization parameter and optical depth
Measurement of $B^0, B^0_s, B^+$ and $\Lambda^0_b$ production asymmetries in 7 and 8 TeV proton-proton collisions

The $B^0, B^0_s, B^+$ and $\Lambda^0_b$ hadron production asymmetries are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 $fb^{−1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in proton–proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity of the bhadrons within the LHCb detector acceptance. The overall production asymmetries, integrated over transverse momentum and rapidity, are also determined
An Assessment of the Foundational Assumptions in High-Resolution Climate Projections: The Case of UKCP09

The United Kingdom Climate Impacts Programme’s UKCP09 project makes high-resolution projections of the climate out to 2100 by post-processing the outputs of a large-scale global climate model. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the methodology used and then urge some caution. Given the acknowledged systematic, shared errors of all current climate models, treating model outputs as decision-relevant projections can be significantly misleading. In extrapolatory situations, such as projections of future climate change, there is little reason to expect that post-processing\ud
of model outputs can correct for the consequences of such errors. This casts doubt on our ability, today, to make trustworthy, high-resolution probabilistic projections out to the end of this century
Approximate N3LO Higgs-boson production cross section using physical-kernel constraints

The single-logarithmic enhancement of the physical kernel for Higgs production by gluon-gluon fusion in the heavy top-quark limit is employed to derive the leading so far unknown contributions, ln 5, 4, 3(1−z), to the N3LO coefficient function in the threshold expansion. Also using knowledge from Higgs-exchange DIS to estimate the remaining terms not vanishing for z = mH2 /s? → 1, these results are combined with the recently completed soft+virtual contributions to provide an uncertainty band for the complete N3LO correction. For the 2008 MSTW parton distributions these N3LO contributions increase the cross section at 14 TeV by (10 ± 2)% and (3 ± 2.5)% for the standard choices μR = mH and μR = mH /2 of the renormalization scale. The remaining uncertainty arising from the hard-scattering cross sections can be quantified as no more than 5%, which is smaller than that due to the strong coupling and the parton distributions.Fil: de Florian, Daniel Enrique. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mazzitelli, Javier Sebastián. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Moch, S.. Universitat Hamburg; AlemaniaFil: Vogt, A.. University of Liverpool; Reino Unid
Oscillations and translation of a free cylinder in a viscous confined flow

An oscillatory instability has been observed experimentally on an horizontal cylinder free to move and rotate between two parallel vertical walls of distance H. The vertical motion of the cylinder, its rotation about its axis, and its transverse motion across the gap have been investigated as a function of its diameter D, its density ρs, of the mean vertical velocity U of the fluid, and of its viscosity ν. The relevant Reynolds number Re is shown to be based on the cell aperture H and on the relative velocity Vr between the fluid and the cylinder. For a blockage ratio D/H above 0.5 and Re above 20, oscillations of the rolling angle of the cylinder about its axis and of its transverse coordinate in the gap were observed together with periodic variations of the vertical velocity. For a given fluid-cylinder pair, the relative velocity Vr as well as the frequency f and the amplitude of the transverse velocity for these oscillations are nearly independent of the flow velocity U. For given cylinder density and fluid characteristics, f is also nearly independent of the ratio D/H in the range investigated. The oscillations could be observed down to values of Re as low as 30: this is lower than usual values for vortex shedding in confined geometries, which suggests that one might deal with a different instability mechanism.Fil: D'angelo, María Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Física. Grupo de Medios Porosos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Hulin, Jean-Pierre. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Universite Paris Sud; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Auradou, Harold. Universite Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia. Universite Paris Sud; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Franci
The Contributions of Professional Engineers at the Instituitions of Higher Learning

This paper discusses the current contributions of professional engineers (P.Es.) who have obtained their competency qualifications prior to assuming their new careers at the institutions of higher learning (IHLs). Recent surveys conducted by recruitment agencies show a wide gap between engineering graduates’ abilities and emplo yers’ expectations. This gap simply means a longer learning curve for trainee engineers expected by employers. However, \ud
most importantly, it seems that employers have to take on the job to bridge the gap. Providing training means \ud
incurring costs and resources. There are many schemes provided by multi-national company (MNC) however such \ud
schemes may not be options by small and medium enterprise (SME). Based on experience, discussion and observations, P.E.s contribute positively in the three core areas: 1)  teaching and learning 2) research and publication and 3) industrial linkage
Characterization of Modified Cellulose (MC)/Poly (vinyl alcohol) Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering\ud

In bone tissue engineering a variety of polymers were used to develop a suitable artificial bioactive scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. In this present study, we were using modified cellulose. Randomly oriented nanofibrous scaffolds of MC and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were synthesized by electrospinning technique. The blend solutions of MC/PVA with different weight ratio of MC to PVA were prepared using water as solvent to fabricate nanofibers. The morphology, diameter of electrospun nanofibers was studied using SEM. The crystalline and thermal properties of nanofibers were investigated by DSC and chemical characterization by FTIR analysis. These results showed that MC/PVA nanofibrous scaffold provides a beneficial frame for bone tissue engineering