pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Electro-optical techniques for the investigation of photoplethysmographic signals in human abdominal organs

There is a need for reliable continuous monitoring of abdominal organ oxygen saturation (SpO2). Splanchnic ischaemia may ultimately lead to cellular hypoxia and necrosis and may well contribute to the development of multiple organ failures and increased mortality. A new reflectance electro-optical photoplethysmographic (PPG) probe and signal processing system were developed. PPG signals from abdominal organs (bowel, liver, and kidney) and the finger were obtained from 12 anaesthetised patients. The amplitudes of the abdominal organ PPGs were, on average, approximately the same as those obtained simultaneously from the finger. These observations suggest that pulse oximetry may be a valid monitoring technique for abdominal organs such as the bowel liver and kidney
Nurturing supportive and engaging induction environments for distance learning students.

Distance learning (DL) students typically learn with very limited or no requirements for physical presence and this often means that learning may be perceived as a more isolating or less 'natural' experience. Postgraduate (PG) DL students are particularly vulnerable as mature students with working and family commitments who require more support in their transition to a DL PG study, having experienced a longer break in education. This paper presents the main findings of a survey of 82 students and semi-structured interviews with 11 students studying at the Robert Gordon University (Aberdeen, Scotland). The research explored their expectations and challenges encountered in transitioning to a DL PG study across a number of different subject areas. The study found that the online induction process should meet a variety of expectations and needs, focusing primarily on academic and social aspects. DL study can be an isolating experience, which can be made less alienating when there is a chance for students to get to know their peers and teaching staff. An inclusive approach to online induction geared towards flexible support and interactive, engaging content is an important consideration
Measurement of CP observables in B± → DK± and B± → Dπ± with two- and four-body D decays

Measurements of CP observables in B±→DK± and B±→Dπ± decays are presented where the D meson is reconstructed in the final states K±π∓, π±K∓, K+K−, π+π−, K±π∓π+π−, π±K∓π+π− and π+π−π+π−. This analysis uses a sample of charged B mesons from pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1. Various CP-violating effects are reported and together these measurements provide important input for the determination of the unitarity triangle angle γ. The analysis of the four-pion D decay mode is the first of its kind
Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater acoustic emissions: Case study of a wave energy converter in Falmouth Bay, UK

Abstract Maintaining the engineering health of Marine Renewable Energy Devices (MREDs) is one of the main limits to their economic viability, because of the requirement for costly marine interventions in challenging conditions. Acoustic Emission (AE) condition monitoring is routinely and successfully used for land-based devices, and this paper shows how it can be used underwater. We review the acoustic signatures expected from operation and likely failure modes of MREDs, providing a basis for a generic classification system. This is illustrated with a Wave Energy Converter tested at Falmouth Bay (UK), monitored for 2 years. Underwater noise levels have been measured between 10 Hz and 32 kHz throughout this time, covering operational and inactive periods. Broadband MRED contributions to ambient noise are generally negligible. Time-frequency analyses are used to detect acoustic signatures (60 Hz–5 kHz) of specific operational activities, such as the active Power Take Off, and relate them to engineering and environmental conditions. These first results demonstrate the feasibility of using underwater Acoustic Emissions to monitor the health and performance of MREDs.JW is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC grant NE/L002434/1) as part of the GW4+ Doctoral Training Partnership (http://www.nercgw4plus.ac.uk/). IB is funded through the SuperGen UK Centre for Marine Energy Research (EPSRC grant EP/M014738/1). The authors would also like to thank M.J. Witt (U. Exeter) for his invaluable assistance with acoustic data collection [14] and [15], funded by ESF, PRIMaRE, MERiFIC, TSB and Fred Olsen Renewables
Lymphotoxin-Dependent B Cell-FRC Crosstalk Promotes De Novo Follicle Formation and Antibody Production following Intestinal Helminth Infection.

Secondary lymphoid tissues provide specialized niches for the initiation of adaptive immune responses and undergo a remarkable expansion in response to inflammatory stimuli. Although the formation of B cell follicles was previously thought to be restricted to the postnatal period, we observed that the draining mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) of helminth-infected mice form an extensive number of new, centrally located, B cell follicles in response to IL-4Rα-dependent inflammation. IL-4Rα signaling promoted LTα1β2 (lymphotoxin) expression by B cells, which then interacted with CCL19 positive stromal cells to promote lymphoid enlargement and the formation of germinal center containing B cell follicles. Importantly, de novo follicle formation functioned to promote both total and parasite-specific antibody production. These data reveal a role for type 2 inflammation in promoting stromal cell remodeling and de novo follicle formation by promoting B cell-stromal cell crosstalk
A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field
Stochastic modelling of crack propagation in materials with random properties using isometric mapping for dimensionality reduction of nonlinear data sets

Fractures tend to propagate along the least resistance paths, and homogeneous-based models may not be able to reliably predict the true crack paths, as they are not capable of capturing nonlinearities and local damage induced by local inhomogeneity. This paper presents a stochastic numerical modelling framework for simulating fracturing in natural heterogeneous materials. Fracture propagation is modelled using Francfort and Marigo's variational theory, and randomness in the material properties is introduced by random field principle. A computational strategy on the basis of nonlinear dimensionality reduction framework is developed that maps domain of spatially variable properties of the materials to a low-dimensional space. This strategy allows us to predict the most probable fracture patterns leading to failure by an optimisation algorithm. The reliability and performance of the developed methodology are examined through simulation of experimental case studies and comparison of predictions with measured data
Physics interplay of the LHC and the ILC

Physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the International e(+)e(-) Linear Collider (ILC) will be complementary in many respects, as has been demonstrated at previous generations of hadron and lepton colliders. This report addresses the possible interplay between the LHC and ILC in testing the Standard Model and in discovering and determining the origin of new physics. Mutual benefits for the physics programme at both machines can occur both at the level of a combined interpretation of Hadron Collider and Linear Collider data and at the level of combined analyses of the data, where results obtained at one machine can directly influence the way analyses are carried out at the other machine. Topics under study comprise the physics of weak and strong electroweak symmetry breaking, supersymmetric models, new gauge theories, models with extra dimensions, and electroweak and QCD precision physics. The status of the work that has been carried out within the LHC/ILC Study Group so far is summarized in this report. Possible topics for future studies are outlined. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Pipeline Flow Modelling with Source Terms Due to Leakage: The Straw Method

AbstractA numerical method for calculating the leakage flow rate through a crack in a pressurized pipeline is presented. Calculations of the flow inside, and leakage from, a pipeline with a running crack are performed. For the case of single-phase flow, the flow through the crack can also be calculated using choked-flow theory. The two methods are compared and identical results obtained. The advantage of the present method is that it does not rely on analytical expressions for the flow through the crack, and it is therefore thought to be applicable for two-phase flow, including phase transition. Hence it may be of use in the development of coupled fluid-structure models for the assessment of running ductile fracture in carbon dioxide transport pipelines
In vitro impact of five pesticides alone or in combination on human intestinal cell line Caco-2

AbstractIn Burkina Faso, as in most Sahelian countries, the failure to follow good agricultural practices coupled with poor soil and climate conditions in the locust control context lead to high environmental contaminations with pesticide residues. Thus, consumers being orally exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food and water intake, the digestive tract is a tissue susceptible to be directly exposed to these food contaminants. The aim of our work was to compare in vitro the impact of five desert locust control pesticides (Deltamethrin DTM, Fenitrothion FNT, Fipronil FPN, Lambda-cyalothrine LCT, and Teflubenzuron TBZ) alone and in combination on the human intestinal Caco-2 cells viability and function. Cells were exposed to 0.1–100 μM pesticides for 10 days alone or in mixture (MIX). Our results showed a cytotoxic effect of DTM, FNT, FPN, LCT, and TBZ alone or in combination in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The most efficient were shown to be FPN and FNT impacting the cell layer integrity and/or barrier function, ALP activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, Akt activation, and apoptosis. The presence of antioxidant reduced lipid peroxidation level and attenuated the pesticides-induced cell toxicity, suggesting that key mechanism of pesticides cytotoxicity may be linked to their pro-oxidative potential. A comparative analysis with the predicted cytotoxic effect of pesticides mixture using mathematical modeling shown that the combination of these pesticides led to synergistic effects rather than to a simple independent or dose addition effect
Cerebral white matter structure is associated with DSM-5 schizophrenia symptom dimensions

AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have provided evidence of widespread white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia. Although these abnormalities appear clinically significant, the relationship to specific clinical symptoms is limited and heterogeneous. This study examined the association between WM microstructure and the severity of the five main DSM-5 schizophrenia symptom dimensions. DTI was measured in forty patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics controlling for age, gender and antipsychotic dosage, our analyses revealed significant negative relationships between WM microstructure and two DSM-5 symptom dimensions: Whereas abnormal psychomotor behavior was particularly related to WM of motor tracts, negative symptoms were associated with WM microstructure of the prefrontal and right temporal lobes. However, we found no associations between WM microstructure and delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech. These data highlight the relevance of characteristic WM disconnectivity patterns as markers for negative symptoms and abnormal psychomotor behavior in schizophrenia and provide evidence for relevant associations between brain structure and aberrant behavior
Atypical visual processing in posttraumatic stress disorder

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) feel overwhelmed in situations with high levels of sensory input, as in crowded situations with complex sensory characteristics. These difficulties might be related to subtle sensory processing deficits similar to those that have been found for sounds in electrophysiological studies.MethodVisual processing was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging in trauma-exposed participants with (N=18) and without PTSD (N=21) employing a picture-viewing task.ResultsActivity observed in response to visual scenes was lower in PTSD participants 1) in the ventral stream of the visual system, including striate and extrastriate, inferior temporal, and entorhinal cortices, and 2) in dorsal and ventral attention systems (P<0.05, FWE-corrected). These effects could not be explained by the emotional salience of the pictures.ConclusionsVisual processing was substantially altered in PTSD in the ventral visual stream, a component of the visual system thought to be responsible for object property processing. Together with previous reports of subtle auditory deficits in PTSD, these findings provide strong support for potentially important sensory processing deficits, whose origins may be related to dysfunctional attention processes
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Are Propagated by Rare and Distinct Human Cancer Stem Cells In Vivo

SummaryEvidence for distinct human cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains contentious and the degree to which different cancer cells contribute to propagating malignancies in patients remains unexplored. In low- to intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), we establish the existence of rare multipotent MDS stem cells (MDS-SCs), and their hierarchical relationship to lineage-restricted MDS progenitors. All identified somatically acquired genetic lesions were backtracked to distinct MDS-SCs, establishing their distinct MDS-propagating function in vivo. In isolated del(5q)-MDS, acquisition of del(5q) preceded diverse recurrent driver mutations. Sequential analysis in del(5q)-MDS revealed genetic evolution in MDS-SCs and MDS-progenitors prior to leukemic transformation. These findings provide definitive evidence for rare human MDS-SCs in vivo, with extensive implications for the targeting of the cells required and sufficient for MDS-propagation
A partial μ–τ symmetry and its prediction for leptonic CP violation

AbstractWe find that the lepton flavor mixing matrix U should possess a partial μ–τ permutation symmetry |Uμ1|=|Uτ1|, and the latter predicts a novel correlation between the Dirac CP-violating phase δ and three flavor mixing angles θ12, θ13 and θ23 in the standard parametrization. Inputting the best-fit values of these angles reported by Capozzi et al., we obtain the prediction δ≃255° in the normal neutrino mass ordering, which is in good agreement with the best-fit result δ≃250°. In this connection the inverted neutrino mass ordering is slightly disfavored. If this partial μ–τ symmetry is specified to be |Uμ1|=|Uτ1|=1/6, one can reproduce the phenomenologically-favored relation sin2⁡θ12=(1−2tan2⁡θ13)/3 and a viable two-parameter description of U which were first uncovered in 2006. Moreover, we point out that the octant of θ23 and the quadrant of δ can be resolved due to the slight violation of |Uμ2|=|Uτ2| and |Uμ3|=|Uτ3| either at the tree level or from radiative corrections
Centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of J/ψ suppression in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractThe inclusive J/ψ nuclear modification factor (RAA) in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV has been measured by ALICE as a function of centrality in the e+e− decay channel at mid-rapidity (|y|<0.8) and as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity in the μ+μ− decay channel at forward-rapidity (2.5<y<4). The J/ψ yields measured in Pb–Pb are suppressed compared to those in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The RAA integrated over a centrality range corresponding to 90% of the inelastic Pb–Pb cross section is 0.72±0.06(stat.)±0.10(syst.) at mid-rapidity and 0.58±0.01(stat.)±0.09(syst.) at forward-rapidity. At low transverse momentum, significantly larger values of RAA are measured at forward-rapidity compared to measurements at lower energy. These features suggest that a contribution to the J/ψ yield originates from charm quark (re)combination in the deconfined partonic medium
The regularization and determination of the Yang–Mills vacuum wave functional in three dimensions at O(e2)

AbstractWe complete the computation of the Yang–Mills vacuum wave functional in three dimensions at weak coupling with O(e2) precision. We use two different methods to solve the functional Schrödinger equation. One of them generalizes to O(e2) the method followed by Hatfield at O(e) [1]. The other uses the weak coupling version of the gauge invariant formulation of the Schrödinger equation and the ground-state wave functional followed by Karabali, Nair, and Yelnikov [2]. These methods need to be carefully regularized to yield correct results. This is done in this paper with full detail
Differential cross section measurement of η photoproduction on the proton from threshold to 1100 MeV

AbstractThe differential cross section for the reaction p(γ,ηp) has been measured from threshold to 1100 MeV photon laboratory energy. For the first time, the region of the S11(1535) resonance is fully covered in a photoproduction experiment and will allow a precise extraction of its parameters at the photon point. These high precision data together with the already measured beam asymmetry data will provide stringent constraints on the extraction of new couplings of baryon resonances to the η meson
Non-homogeneous random walks on a semi-infinite strip

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour of Markov chains (Xn,ηn) on Z+×S, where Z+ is the non-negative integers and S is a finite set. Neither coordinate is assumed to be Markov. We assume a moments bound on the jumps of Xn, and that, roughly speaking, ηn is close to being Markov when Xn is large. This departure from much of the literature, which assumes that ηn is itself a Markov chain, enables us to probe precisely the recurrence phase transitions by assuming asymptotically zero drift for Xn given ηn. We give a recurrence classification in terms of increment moment parameters for Xn and the stationary distribution for the large- X limit of ηn. In the null case we also provide a weak convergence result, which demonstrates a form of asymptotic independence between Xn (rescaled) and ηn. Our results can be seen as generalizations of Lamperti’s results for non-homogeneous random walks on Z+ (the case where S is a singleton). Motivation arises from modulated queues or processes with hidden variables where ηn tracks an internal state of the system
Measurement of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) cross sections in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production cross sections are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8±1.4 pb−1 of proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The ϒ resonances are identified through their decays to dimuons. Integrated over the ϒ transverse momentum range pTϒ<50 GeV/c and rapidity range |yϒ|<2.4, and assuming unpolarized ϒ production, the products of the ϒ production cross sections and dimuon branching fractions areσ(pp→ϒ(1S)X)⋅B(ϒ(1S)→μ+μ−)=(8.55±0.05−0.50+0.56±0.34)nb,σ(pp→ϒ(2S)X)⋅B(ϒ(2S)→μ+μ−)=(2.21±0.03−0.14+0.16±0.09)nb,σ(pp→ϒ(3S)X)⋅B(ϒ(3S)→μ+μ−)=(1.11±0.02−0.08+0.10±0.04)nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is from the uncertainty in the integrated luminosity. The differential cross sections in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity, and the cross section ratios are presented. Cross section measurements performed within a restricted muon kinematic range and not corrected for acceptance are also provided. These latter measurements are independent of ϒ polarization assumptions. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and previous measurements
Pharmaceuticalisation and ethical review in South Asia: Issues of scope and authority for practitioners and policy makers

AbstractEthical review by expert committee continues to be the first line of defence when it comes to protecting human subjects recruited into clinical trials. Drawing on a large scale study of biomedical experimentation across South Asia, and specifically on interviews with 24 ethical review committee [ERC] members across India, Sri Lanka and Nepal, this article identifies some of the tensions that emerge for ERC members as the capacity to conduct credible ethical review of clinical trials is developed across the region. The article draws attention to fundamental issues of scope and authority in the operation of ethical review. On the one hand, ERC members experience a powerful pull towards harmonisation and a strong alignment with international standards deemed necessary for the global pharmaceutical assemblage to consolidate and extend. On the other hand, they must deal with what is in effect the double jeopardy of ethical review in developing world contexts. ERC members must undertake review but are frequently made aware of their responsibility to protect interests that go beyond the ‘human subject’ and into the realms of development and national interest [for example, in relation to literacy and informed consent]. These dilemmas are indicative of broader questions about where ethical review sits in institutional terms and how it might develop to best ensure improved human subject protection given growth of industry-led research