pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Scheme independent consequence of the NSVZ relation for N=1 SQED with
  N_f flavors

The exact NSVZ $\beta$-function is obtained for ${\cal N}=1$ SQED with $N_f$
flavors in all orders of the perturbation theory, if the renormalization group
functions are defined in terms of the bare coupling constant and the theory is
regularized by higher derivatives. However, if the renormalization group
functions are defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant, the NSVZ
relation between the $\beta$-function and the anomalous dimension of the matter
superfields is valid only in a certain (NSVZ) scheme. We prove that for ${\cal
N}=1$ SQED with $N_f$ flavors the NSVZ relation is valid for the terms
proportional to $(N_f)^1$ in an arbitrary subtraction scheme, while the terms
proportional to $(N_f)^k$ with $k\ge 2$ are scheme dependent. These results are
verified by an explicit calculation of a three-loop $\beta$-function and a
two-loop anomalous dimension made with the higher derivative regularization in
the NSVZ and MOM subtraction schemes. In this approximation it is verified that
in the MOM subtraction scheme the renormalization group functions obtained with
the higher derivative regularization and with the dimensional reduction
coincide.Comment: 10 pages, v2: 1 reference added, a misprint corrected, accepted for
  publication in Physics Letters B. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1305.709
Freeze-out radii extracted from three-pion cumulants in pp, p-Pb and
  Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

In high-energy collisions, the spatio-temporal size of the particle
production region can be measured using the Bose-Einstein correlations of
identical bosons at low relative momentum. The source radii are typically
extracted using two-pion correlations, and characterize the system at the last
stage of interaction, called kinetic freeze-out. In low-multiplicity
collisions, unlike in high-multiplicity collisions, two-pion correlations are
substantially altered by background correlations, e.g. mini-jets. Such
correlations can be suppressed using three-pion cumulant correlations. We
present the first measurements of the size of the system at freeze-out
extracted from three-pion cumulant correlations in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb
collisions at the LHC with ALICE. At similar multiplicity, the invariant radii
extracted in p-Pb collisions are found to be 5-15% larger than those in pp,
while those in Pb-Pb are 35-55% larger than those in p-Pb. Our measurements
disfavor models which incorporate substantially stronger collective expansion
in p-Pb as compared to pp collisions at similar multiplicity.Comment: 25 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 19,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/105
Quantum geometry of the universal hypermultiplet

The universal hypermultiplet moduli space metric in the type-IIA superstring
theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold is related to integrable systems.
The instanton corrections in four dimensions arise due to multiple wrapping of
BPS membranes and fivebranes around certain (supersymmetric) cycles of
Calabi-Yau. The exact (non-perturbative) metrics can be calculated in the
special cases of (i) the D-instantons (or the wrapped D2-branes) in the absence
of fivebranes, and (ii) the fivebrane instantons with vanishing charges, in the
absence of D-instantons. The solutions of the first type are governed by the
three-dimensional Toda equation, whereas the solutions of the second type are
governed by the particular Painleve VI equation.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX; invited talk at the RTN meeting, Corfu, September
  200
Haldane-Shastry spin chains of BC_N type

We introduce four types of SU(2M+1) spin chains which can be regarded as the
BC_N versions of the celebrated Haldane-Shastry chain. These chains depend on
two free parameters and, unlike the original Haldane-Shastry chain, their sites
need not be equally spaced. We prove that all four chains are solvable by
deriving an exact expression for their partition function using Polychronakos's
"freezing trick". From this expression we deduce several properties of the
spectrum, and advance a number of conjectures that hold for a wide range of
values of the spin M and the number of particles. In particular, we conjecture
that the level density is Gaussian, and provide a heuristic derivation of
general formulas for the mean and the standard deviation of the energy.Comment: LaTeX, 26 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Bateman's dual system revisited; 1, Quantization, geometric phase and relation with the ground-state energy of the linear harmonic oscillator

By using the Feynman-Hibbs prescription for the evolution amplitude, we quantize the system of a damped harmonic oscillator coupled to its time-reversed image, known as Bateman's dual system. The time-dependent quantum states of such a system are constructed and discussed entirely in the framework of the classical theory. The corresponding geometric (Pancharatnam) phase is calculated and found to be directly related to the ground-state energy of the 1D linear harmonic oscillator to which the 2D system reduces under appropriate constraint
The Tensor Product of Representations of U_q(sl_2) Via Quivers

Using the tensor product variety introduced by Malkin and Nakajima, the
complete structure of the tensor product of a finite number of integrable
highest weight modules of U_q(sl_2) is recovered. In particular, the elementary
basis, Lusztig's canonical basis, and the basis adapted to the decomposition of
the tensor product into simple modules are all exhibited as distiguished
elements of certain spaces of invariant functions on the tensor product
variety. For the latter two bases, these distinguished elements are closely
related to the irreducible components of the tensor product variety. The space
of intertwiners is also interpreted geometrically.Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures. v2: Ground field changed and some definitions
  modified. v3&4: Some minor errors correcte
Longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after
  one-neutron removal from {17,19}C

The fragment separator FRS at GSI was used as an energy-loss spectrometer to
measure the longitudinal momentum distributions of {16,18}C fragments after
one-neutron removal reactions in {17,19}C impinging on a carbon target at about
910 MeV/u. The distributions in the projectile frames are characterized by a
FWHM of 141+-6 MeV/c for {16}C and 69+-3 MeV/c for {18}C. The results are
compared with experimental data obtained at lower energies and discussed within
existing theoretical models.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; uses elsart style; corrected list of authors;
  will be published in Phys. Lett.
Neutron beta decay in effective field theory

Radiative corrections to the lifetime and angular correlation coefficients of
neutron beta-decay are evaluated in effecitive field theory. We also evaluate
the lowest order nucleon recoil corrections, including weak-magnetism. Our
results agree with those of the long-range and model-independent part of
previous calculations. In an effective theory the model-dependent radiative
corrections are replaced by well-defined low-energy constants. The effective
field theory allows a systematic evaluation of higher order corrections to our
results to the extent that the relevant low-energy constants are known.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure; two references added, minor correctio
Polymorphism in dhfr/dhps genes, parasite density and ex vivo response to pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in Thies, Senegal☆

Resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites is associated with mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) genes, and these mutations have spread resistance worldwide. SP, used for several years in Senegal, has been recommended for intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and has been widely implemented since 2003 in this country. There is currently limited data on SP resistance from molecular marker genotyping, and no data on pyrimethamine ex vivo sensitivity in Senegal. Molecular markers of SP resistance and pyrimethamine ex vivo sensitivity were investigated in 416 parasite samples collected from the general population, from the Thies region between 2003 and 2011. The prevalence of the N51I/C59R/S108N triple mutation in dhfr increased from 40% in 2003 to 93% in 2011. Furthermore, the prevalence of the dhfr N51I/C59R/S108N and dhps A437G quadruple mutation increased, from 20% to 66% over the same time frame, then down to 44% by 2011. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of the dhfr triple mutation, as well as an association between dhfr genotypes and pyrimethamine response. Conversely, dhps mutations in codons 436 and 437 did not show consistent variation between 2003 and 2011. These findings suggest that regular screening for molecular markers of antifolate resistance and ex vivo drug response monitoring should be incorporated with ongoing in vivo efficacy monitoring in areas where IPTp-SP is implemented and where pyrimethamine and sulfa drugs are still widely administered in the general population
Finite-size effects in the spectrum of the $OSp(3|2)$ superspin chain

The low energy spectrum of a spin chain with $OSp(3|2)$ supergroup symmetry
is studied based on the Bethe ansatz solution of the related vertex model. This
model is a lattice realization of intersecting loops in two dimensions with
loop fugacity $z=1$ which provides a framework to study the critical properties
of the unusual low temperature Goldstone phase of the $O(N)$ sigma model for
$N=1$ in the context of an integrable model. Our finite-size analysis provides
strong evidence for the existence of continua of scaling dimensions, the lowest
of them starting at the ground state. Based on our data we conjecture that the
so-called watermelon correlation functions decay logarithmically with exponents
related to the quadratic Casimir operator of $OSp(3|2)$. The presence of a
continuous spectrum is not affected by a change to the boundary conditions
although the density of states in the continua appears to be modified.Comment: 26 pages, 10 figure
Report on a Boston University Conference December 7-8, 2012 on 'How Can
  the History and Philosophy of Science Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science
  Teaching?'

This is an editorial report on the outcomes of an international conference
sponsored by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (REESE-1205273)
to the School of Education at Boston University and the Center for Philosophy
and History of Science at Boston University for a conference titled: How Can
the History and Philosophy of Science Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science
Teaching? The presentations of the conference speakers and the reports of the
working groups are reviewed. Multiple themes emerged for K-16 education from
the perspective of the history and philosophy of science. Key ones were that:
students need to understand that central to science is argumentation,
criticism, and analysis; students should be educated to appreciate science as
part of our culture; students should be educated to be science literate; what
is meant by the nature of science as discussed in much of the science education
literature must be broadened to accommodate a science literacy that includes
preparation for socioscientific issues; teaching for science literacy requires
the development of new assessment tools; and, it is difficult to change what
science teachers do in their classrooms. The principal conclusions drawn by the
editors are that: to prepare students to be citizens in a participatory
democracy, science education must be embedded in a liberal arts education;
science teachers alone cannot be expected to prepare students to be
scientifically literate; and, to educate students for scientific literacy will
require a new curriculum that is coordinated across the humanities,
history/social studies, and science classrooms.Comment: Conference funded by NSF grant REESE-1205273. 31 page
String Corrected Spacetimes and SU(N)-Structure Manifolds

Using an effective field theory approach and the language of
SU(N)-structures, we study higher derivative corrections to the supersymmetry
constraints for compactifications of string or M-theory to Minkowski space. Our
analysis is done entirely in the target space and is thus very general, and
does not rely on theory-dependent details such as the amount of worldsheet
supersymmetry. For manifolds of real dimension n<4 we show that the internal
geometry remains flat and uncorrected. For n=4, 6, Kahler manifolds with
SU(N)-holonomy can become corrected to SU(N)-structure, while preserving
supersymmetry, once corrections are included.Comment: 27 page
GOODS-$Herschel$: identification of the individual galaxies responsible
  for the 80-290$\mu$m cosmic infrared background

We propose a new method of pushing $Herschel$ to its faintest detection
limits using universal trends in the redshift evolution of the far infrared
over 24$\mu$m colours in the well-sampled GOODS-North field. An extension to
other fields with less multi-wavelength information is presented. This method
is applied here to raise the contribution of individually detected $Herschel$
sources to the cosmic infrared background (CIRB) by a factor 5 close to its
peak at 250$\mu$m and more than 3 in the 350$\mu$m and 500$\mu$m bands. We
produce realistic mock $Herschel$ images of the deep PACS and SPIRE images of
the GOODS-North field from the GOODS-$Herschel$ Key Program and use them to
quantify the confusion noise at the position of individual sources, i.e.,
estimate a "local confusion noise". Two methods are used to identify sources
with reliable photometric accuracy extracted using 24$\mu$m prior positions.
The clean index (CI), previously defined but validated here with simulations,
which measures the presence of bright 24$\mu$m neighbours and the photometric
accuracy index (PAI) directly extracted from the mock $Herschel$ images. After
correction for completeness, thanks to our mock $Herschel$ images, individually
detected sources make up as much as 54% and 60% of the CIRB in the PACS bands
down to 1.1 mJy at 100$\mu$m and 2.2 mJy at 160$\mu$m and 55, 33, and 13% of
the CIRB in the SPIRE bands down to 2.5, 5, and 9 mJy at 250$\mu$m, 350$\mu$m,
and 500$\mu$m, respectively. The latter depths improve the detection limits of
$Herschel$ by factors of 5 at 250$\mu$m, and 3 at 350$\mu$m and 500$\mu$m as
compared to the standard confusion limit. Interestingly, the dominant
contributors to the CIRB in all $Herschel$ bands appear to be distant siblings
of the Milky Way ($z$$\sim$0.96 for $\lambda$$<$300$\mu$m) with a stellar mass
of $M_{\star}$$\sim$9$\times$10$^{10}$M$_{\odot}$.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Angular analysis of the decay B0 to K*0 mu mu from pp collisions at
  sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The angular distributions and the differential branching fraction of the
decay B0 to K*0(892) mu mu are studied using data corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 20.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS
detector at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. From 1430 signal
decays, the forward-backward asymmetry of the muons, the K*0(892) longitudinal
polarization fraction, and the differential branching fraction are determined
as a function of the dimuon invariant mass squared. The measurements are among
the most precise to date and are in good agreement with standard model
predictions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal referenc
A New Type of Radical-Pair-Based Model for Magnetoreception

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education, Singapore; the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (UK); and the Quantum Information Processing Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (grant No. GR/S82176/01). B.W.L. thanks the Royal Society for a University Research Fellowship.Certain migratory birds can sense the Earth's magnetic field. The nature of this process is not yet properly understood. Hereweoffer a simple explanation according to which birds literally see the local magnetic field through the impact of a physical rather than a chemical signature of the radical pair: a transient, long-lived electric dipole moment. Based on this premise, our picture can explain recent surprising experimental data indicating long lifetimes for the radical pair. Moreover, there is a clear evolutionary path toward this field-sensing mechanism: it is an enhancement of a weak effect that may be present in many species.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
On the Security of an MPEG-Video Encryption Scheme Based on Secret Huffman Tables

This paper re-studies the security of an MPEG-video encryption scheme based on secret Huffman tables. The present cryptanalysis shows that: 1) the key space of the encryption scheme is not sufficiently large against divide-and-conquer (DAC) ciphertext-only attack; 2) its security against the chosen-plaintext attack is very weak. The insecurity is mainly due to the separated use of different Huffman tables for different sets of syntax elements. A brief discussion on how to improve this MPEG-video encryption scheme is also given
Liberalization of China–US air transport market: Assessing the impacts of the 2004 and 2007 protocols

This paper examines China’s considerations in reaching the 2004 and 2007 Air Service Agreement Protocols with the United States (US) and the impacts of such policy on the China-US market from the perspective of China. Analysis shows that the 2004 and the 2007 Protocols have profound impacts on the China-US market. The two Protocols have been associated with phenomenal traffic growth and intensified competition. Passengers also benefit from much more choice in terms of both airlines and routing. Over time, Chinese carriers’ operating performance and financial performance have gradually improved after the liberalization expressed in the Protocols. However, the industry’s hub-building initiatives are still seriously challenged by competing hubs in Seoul and Tokyo which have diverted substantial number of passengers moving between the China and US markets. Such issues have to be addressed in order to create a win-win outcome for both countries
Interneuronal mechanism for Tinbergen's hierarchical model of behavioral choice

Recent studies of behavioral choice support the notion that the decision to carry out one behavior rather than another depends on the reconfiguration of shared interneuronal networks. We investigated another decision-making strategy, derived from the classical ethological literature, which proposes that behavioral choice depends on competition between autonomous networks. According to this model, behavioral choice depends on inhibitory interactions between incompatible hierarchically organized behaviors. We provide evidence for this by investigating the interneuronal mechanisms mediating behavioral choice between two autonomous circuits that underlie whole-body withdrawal and feeding in the pond snail Lymnaea. Whole-body withdrawal is a defensive reflex that is initiated by tactile contact with predators. As predicted by the hierarchical model, tactile stimuli that evoke whole-body withdrawal responses also inhibit ongoing feeding in the presence of feeding stimuli. By recording neurons from the feeding and withdrawal networks, we found no direct synaptic connections between the interneuronal and motoneuronal elements that generate the two behaviors. Instead, we discovered that behavioral choice depends on the interaction between two unique types of interneurons with asymmetrical synaptic connectivity that allows withdrawal to override feeding. One type of interneuron, the Pleuro-Buccal (PlB), is an extrinsic modulatory neuron of the feeding network that completely inhibits feeding when excited by touch-induced monosynaptic input from the second type of interneuron, Pedal-Dorsal12 (PeD12). PeD12 plays a critical role in behavioral choice by providing a synaptic pathway joining the two behavioral networks that underlies the competitive dominance of whole-body withdrawal over feeding
A multi-wavelength analysis of M 81: insight on the nature of Arp's loop

Context. The optical ring-like structure detected by Arp (1965) around M81 (commonly referenced as "Arp's loop") represents one of thethe most spectacular features observed in nearby galaxies. Arp's loop is commonly interpreted as a tail resulting from the tidal interaction between M81 and M82. However, since its discovery the nature of this feature has remained controversial. Aims. Our primary purpose was to identify the sources of optical and infrared emission observed in Arp's loop. Methods. The morphology of Arp's loop has been investigated with deep wide-field optical images. We also measured its colors using IRAS and Spitzer-MIPS infrared images and compared them with those of the disk of M81 and Galactic dust cirrus that fills the area where M81 is located. Results. Optical images reveal that this peculiar object has a filamentary structure characterized by many dust features overlapping M81's field. The ratios of far-infrared fluxes and the estimated dust-to-gas ratios indicate the infrared emission of Arp's loop is dominated by the contribution of cold dust that is most likely from Galactic cirrus. Conclusions. The above results suggest that the light observed at optical wavelengths is a combination of emission from i) a few recent star-forming regions located close to M81, where both bright UV complexes and peaks in the HI distribution are found, ii) the extended disk of M81 and iii) scattered light from the same Galactic cirrus that is responsible for the bulk of the far-infrared emission
Study of W boson production in pPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The first study of W boson production in pPb collisions is presented, for bosons decaying to a muon or electron, and a neutrino. The measurements are based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34.6 nb−1 at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sourcesNN=5.02 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment. The W boson differential cross sections, lepton charge asymmetry, and forward–backward asymmetries are measured for leptons of transverse momentum exceeding 25 GeV/c , and as a function of the lepton pseudorapidity in the |ηlab|&lt;2.4|ηlab|&lt;2.4 range. Deviations from the expectations based on currently available parton distribution functions are observed, showing the need for including W boson data in nuclear parton distribution global fits
Holographic entanglement and causal information in coherent states

Scalar solitons in global AdS 4 are holographically dual to coherent states carrying a non-trivial condensate of a scalar operator. We study the holographic information content of these states, focusing on a particular spatial region, by examining the entanglement entropy and causal holographic information. We show generically that whenever the dimension of the condensed operator is sufficiently low (characterized by the double-trace operator becoming relevant), such coherent states have lower entanglement and causal holographic information than the vacuum state of the system, despite having greater energy. We also use these geometries to illustrate the fact that causal wedges associated with a simply-connected boundary region can have non-trivial topology even in causally trivial spacetimes