pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Light hadrons from lattice QCD with light (u, d), strange and charm dynamical quarks

We present results of lattice QCD simulations with mass-degenerate up and down and mass-split strange and charm (N_f = 2+1+1) dynamical quarks using Wilson twisted mass fermions at maximal twist. The tuning of the strange and charm quark masses is performed at two values of the lattice spacing a~0.078 fm and a~0.086 fm with lattice sizes ranging from L~1.9 fm to L~2.8 fm. We measure with high statistical precision the light pseudoscalar mass m_PS and decay constant f_PS in a range 270 < m_PS < 510 MeV and determine the low energy parameters f_0, l_3 and l_4 of SU(2) chiral perturbation theory. We use the two values of the lattice spacing, several lattice sizes as well as different values of the light, strange and charm quark masses to explore the systematic effects. A first study of discretisation effects in light-quark observables and a comparison to N_f=2 results are performed.We want to thank the whole ETMC for a very fruitful and enjoyable collaboration.\ud
In particular, we gratefully acknowledge valuable suggestions and\ud
discussions with Benoît Blossier, Roberto Frezzotti, Andreas Nube, Giancarlo\ud
Rossi and Enno Scholz.\ud
The computer time for this project was made available to us by the John\ud
von Neumann-Institute for Computing (NIC) on the JUMP, Juropa and Jugene\ud
systems in Jülich and apeNEXT system in Zeuthen, BG/P and BG/L\ud
in Groningen, by BSC on Mare-Nostrum in Barcelona (www.bsc.es), and by\ud
the computer resources made available by CNRS on the BlueGene system at\ud
GENCI-IDRIS Grant 2009-052271 and CCIN2P3 in Lyon. We thank these\ud
computer centres and their sta  for all technical advice and help.\ud
V.G. and D.P. thank the MICINN (Spain) for partial support under grant\ud
FPA2008-03373. This work has been supported in part by the DFG Sonderforschungsbereich/\ud
Transregio SFB/TR9-03 and the EU Integrated Infrastructure\ud
Initiative Hadron Physics (I3HP) under contract RII3-CT-2004-506078.\ud
We also thank the DEISA Consortium (co-funded by the EU, FP6 project\ud
508830), for support within the DEISA Extreme Computing Initiative.Peer reviewe
Hydrophobic-hydrophilic forces and their effects on protein structural similarity

Hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions have a strong impact on the three-dimensional structure a protein will adopt. Because structure, not amino acid sequence order, carry out certain functions it is important to understand how these forces affect the protein folding process. In recent years, a lot of focus has been dedicated towards ab initio protein folding prediction, which tries to predict a proteins native conformation from its sequence alone. To aid this type of prediction sub-conformations from already known proteins are used to limit the free energy conformational search space. In this paper we looked into the sub-conformations’ hydrophobic-hydrophilic nature by incorporating a HP approach and proposed a way of evaluating how these type of forces affect the protein folding process. By doing this, we can gain insight into how hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions affect protein structural similarity, and thus aid us in picking more suitable sub-conformations based off their HP shape for use in protein structure prediction.PRIB 2008 proceedings found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88436-
Photon-pair generation in photonic crystal fibre with a 1.5 GHz modelocked VECSEL

Four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibre is a leading technique for generating high-quality photon pairs. We report the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous FWM in photonic crystal fibre pumped by a 1.5 GHz repetition-rate vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL). The photon pairs exhibit high count rates and a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of over 80. The VECSEL's high repetition-rate, high average power, tunability, and small footprint make this an attractive source for quantum key distribution and photonic quantum-state engineering
Structural diagnosis of a concrete dam with cracking and high non-recoverable displacements

Expansions in concrete dams may be caused by chemical or physical sources; however in certain occasions the evidences observed in the dam may not be attributed to a single cause. Mequinenza is an example of a concrete dam affected by expansions and high non-recoverable displacements that cannot be explained by the\ud
most frequent pathologies. This paper presents new hypotheses that could justify such behavior by assuming the superposition of a global phenomenon of water induced expansion in concrete in the entire dam and a localized effect consisting in the opening of cracks in the construction joints located in one of the blocks. This is validated by\ud
conducting numerical analyses through 2D finite element models that consider the nonlinear behavior of the construction joints and use zero-thickness interface elements to simulate the potential cracking planes in the dam. The results confirmed the diagnosis proposed and the capability of the model to reproduce the behavior of the dam, revealing the significant contribution of the opening of the cracks to the nonrecoverable displacements in the dam.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Contribution of the intracellular C terminal domain to regulation of human P2X1 receptors for ATP by phorbol ester and Gq coupled mGlu(1α) receptors.

P2X1 receptors are expressed in arteries and blood platelets, play an important role in the cardiovascular system, and their activity can be potentiated following stimulation of Gq coupled receptors or phorbol ester treatment. The contribution of the intracellular carboxy terminus of the P2X1 receptor to this regulation was determined using over-expression of the C terminus and a mutagenesis based approach on recombinant receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. PMA induced potentiation of P2X1 receptor currents (~125% above control) was abolished following over-expression of the intracellular carboxy terminus of the P2X1 receptor. To determine the molecular basis of regulation by the carboxy terminus a series of individual cysteine point mutations between His(355) and Tyr(370) was characterized. PMA potentiation was abolished for the P2X1 receptor mutants H355C, P358C, Y363C, K367C, F368C, K369C and Y370C. When these mutations were introduced into the carboxy terminus fragment the inhibitory effect was absent only for P358C, K367C and Y370C mutants. These results suggest that residues Pro(358), Lys(367) and Tyr(370) are involved in the sequestering effect of the carboxy terminal fragment and indicate they are directly involved in modulation of the receptor by binding to a regulatory factor. The other mutants that abolished the PMA effect when introduced into the P2X1 receptor are likely to be involved in transduction of the regulatory event. These studies highlight the importance of the carboxy terminus in determining the properties and regulation of the P2X1 receptor and suggest that the intracellular terminal regions of the receptor close to the transmembrane segments interact.Peer-reviewedPublisher Version7585
Toward male individualization with rapidly mutating y-chromosomal short tandem repeats.

Relevant for various areas of human genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are commonly used for testing close paternal relationships among individuals and populations, and for male lineage identification. However, even the widely used 17-loci Yfiler set cannot resolve individuals and populations completely. Here, 52 centers generated quality-controlled data of 13 rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs in 14,644 related and unrelated males from 111 worldwide populations. Strikingly, >99% of the 12,272 unrelated males were completely individualized. Haplotype diversity was extremely high (global: 0.9999985, regional: 0.99836-0.9999988). Haplotype sharing between populations was almost absent except for six (0.05%) of the 12,156 haplotypes. Haplotype sharing within populations was generally rare (0.8% nonunique haplotypes), significantly lower in urban (0.9%) than rural (2.1%) and highest in endogamous groups (14.3%). Analysis of molecular variance revealed 99.98% of variation within populations, 0.018% among populations within groups, and 0.002% among groups. Of the 2,372 newly and 156 previously typed male relative pairs, 29% were differentiated including 27% of the 2,378 father-son pairs. Relative to Yfiler, haplotype diversity was increased in 86% of the populations tested and overall male relative differentiation was raised by 23.5%. Our study demonstrates the value of RM Y-STRs in identifying and separating unrelated and related males and provides a reference database.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Informal m-health : how are young people using mobile phones to bridge healthcare gaps in Sub-Saharan Africa?

The African communications ‘revolution’ has generated optimism that mobile phones might help overcome infrastructural barriers to healthcare provision in resource-poor contexts. However, while formal m-health programmes remain limited in coverage and scope, young people are using mobile phones creatively and strategically in an attempt to secure effective healthcare. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data collected in 2012–2014 from over 4500 young people (aged 8–25 y) in Ghana, Malawi and South Africa, this paper documents these practices and the new therapeutic opportunities they create, alongside the constraints, contingencies and risks. We argue that young people are endeavouring to lay claim to a digitally-mediated form of therapeutic citizenship, but that a lack of appropriate resources, social networks and skills (‘digital capital’), combined with ongoing shortcomings in healthcare delivery, can compromise their ability to do this effectively. The paper concludes by offering tentative suggestions for remedying this situation
Modelling electronic circuit failures using a Xilinx FPGA system.

FPGAs are a ubiquitous electronic component utilised in a wide range of electronic systems across many industries. Almost all modern FPGAs employ SRAM based configuration memory elements which are susceptible to radiation induced soft errors. In high altitude and space applications, as well as in the nuclear and defence industries, such circuits must operate reliably in radiation-rich environments. A range of soft error mitigation techniques have been proposed but testing and qualification of new fault tolerant circuits can be an expensive and time consuming process. A novel method for simulating radiation-induced soft errors is presented that operates entirely within a laboratory environment and requires no hazardous exposure to radiation or expensive airborne test rigs. A system utilising modular redundancy is then implemented and tested under the new method. The test system is further demonstrated in conjunction with a software flight simulator to test single electronic modules in the context of active service on board a passenger aircraft and the effects of failure under radiation induced soft errors are observed. Our research proposes a test regime in which design strategies for self-healing circuits can be compared and demonstrated to work
In pursuit of a ‘whole-brain’ approach to undergraduate teaching : implications of the Herrmann brain dominance model.

The question of ‘how we learn’ continues to direct scholarly debate, yet undergraduate teaching is typically designed to homogenise the learning environment. This is despite heterogeneous learning outcomes ensuing for students, owing to their different learning styles. Accordingly, we examine the relationship between teaching methodologies and learning styles. Drawing on the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument and the theory of ‘whole-brain’ teaching, we find a suite of teaching methodologies that are generic across learning styles – tutorials, group work, firm-oriented case studies, game playing, reading journal papers, handouts, PowerPoint slides, in-class examples, in-class short exercises, and videos – and find a group of teaching methodologies – lectures, seminars, people-oriented case studies, creative problem-solving, reading textbooks, guest speakers, in-class small group exercises, homework, role-play, problem-based learning, self-directed learning, project-based learning, and class debates – that target and develop specific learning styles. Implications of the ‘whole-brain’ model for teaching and learning are discussed
PAT-based design of agrochemical co-crystallization processes: a case-study for the selective crystallization of 1:1 and 3:2 co-crystals of p-toluenesulfonamide/triphenylphosphine oxide

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Chemical Engineering Science and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.005In this study, the selective crystallization and characterization of the stoichiometric forms of the p-toluenesulfonamide/triphenylphosphine oxide (p-TSA-TPPO) co-crystal system in acetonitrile (MeCN) is demonstrated using batch and semi-batch crystallizers. In the batch study, both 1:1 and 3:2 p-TSA-TPPO were successfully isolated as pure forms. However, process variability was observed in a few experimental runs. To address the batch process variability issue, a control strategy was implemented using temperature cycling, aided by in situ process analytical technologies (PAT) to convert from 3:2 to 1:1 p-TSA-TPPO. In the semi-batch co-crystallization studies, the two molecular co-formers, p-TSA and TPPO, were dissolved in MeCN and pumped separately to the crystallizer. Changing the flow rates of the respective active ingredients allowed control over the co-crystallization outcome, and presents as a promising opportunity for development of a continuous co-crystallization process
Improving arteriovenous fistula patency : transdermal delivery of diclofenac reduces cannulation-dependent neointimal hyperplasia via AMPK activation

Creation of an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for vascular access in haemodialysis is the modality of choice. However neointimal hyperplasia and loss of the luminal compartment result in AVF patency rates of ~60% at 12months. The exact cause of neointimal hyperplasia in the AVF is poorly understood. Vascular trauma has long been associated with hyperplasia. With this in mind in our rabbit model of AVF we simulated cannulation autologous to that undertaken in vascular access procedures and observed significant neointimal hyperplasia as a direct consequence of cannulation. The neointimal hyperplasia was completely inhibited by topical transdermal delivery of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) diclofenac. In addition to the well documented anti-inflammatory properties we have identified novel anti-proliferative mechanisms demonstrating diclofenac increases AMPK-dependent signalling and reduced expression of the cell cycle protein cyclin D1. In summary prophylactic transdermal delivery of diclofenac to the sight of AVF cannulation prevents adverse neointimal hyperplasic remodelling and potentially offers a novel treatment option that may help prolong AVF patency and flow rates
Search for the production of single vector-like and excited quarks in
  the $Wt$ final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS
  detector

A search for vector-like quarks and excited quarks in events containing a top
quark and a $W$ boson in the final state is reported here. The search is based
on $20.3 {fb}^{-1}$ of proton--proton collision data taken at the LHC at a
centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with one
or two leptons, and one, two or three jets are selected with the additional
requirement that at least one jet contains a $b$-quark. Single-lepton events
are also required to contain at least one large-radius jet from the hadronic
decay of a high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ $W$ boson or a top quark. No significant excess
over the expected background is observed and upper limits on the cross-section
times branching ratio for different vector-like quark and excited-quark model
masses are derived. For the excited-quark production and decay to $Wt$ with
unit couplings, quarks with masses below 1500 GeV are excluded and
coupling-dependent limits are set.Comment: 29 pages plus author list + cover pages (45 pages total), 13 figures,
  5 tables, submitted to JHEP All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-13
Measurement of differential and integrated fiducial cross sections for
  Higgs boson production in the four-lepton decay channel in pp collisions at
  sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

Integrated fiducial cross sections for the production of four leptons via the
H to 4l decays (l = e, mu) are measured in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8
TeV. Measurements are performed with data corresponding to integrated
luminosities of 5.1 inverse femtobarns at 7 TeV, and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at
8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. Differential cross
sections are measured using the 8 TeV data, and are determined as functions of
the transverse momentum and rapidity of the four-lepton system, accompanying
jet multiplicity, transverse momentum of the leading jet, and difference in
rapidity between the Higgs boson candidate and the leading jet. A measurement
of the Z to 4l cross section, and its ratio to the H to 4l cross section is
also performed. All cross sections are measured within a fiducial phase space
defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology. The
integrated H to 4l fiducial cross section is measured to be 0.56 +0.67-0.44
(stat) +0.21-0.06 (syst) fb at 7 TeV, and 1.11 +0.41-0.35 (stat) +0.14-0.10
(syst) fb at 8 TeV. The measurements are found to be compatible with
theoretical calculations based on the standard model.Comment: Corrected the CERN-PH-EP number on the preprint. All figures and
  tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-14-028/index.htm
Centrality dependence of $\mathbf{\psi}$(2S) suppression in p-Pb
  collisions at $\mathbf{\sqrt{{\textit s}_{\rm NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV

The inclusive production of the $\psi$(2S) charmonium state was studied as a
function of centrality in p-Pb collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center of mass
energy $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV at the CERN LHC. The measurement was
performed with the ALICE detector in the center of mass rapidity ranges
$-4.46<y_{\rm cms}<-2.96$ and $2.03<y_{\rm cms}<3.53$, down to zero transverse
momentum, by reconstructing the $\psi$(2S) decay to a muon pair. The $\psi$(2S)
production cross section $\sigma_{\psi(\rm 2S)}$ is presented as a function of
the collision centrality, which is estimated through the energy deposited in
forward rapidity calorimeters. The relative strength of nuclear effects on the
$\psi$(2S) and on the corresponding 1S charmonium state J/$\psi$ is then
studied by means of the double ratio of cross sections $[\sigma_{\psi(\rm
2S)}/\sigma_{\rm J/\psi}]_{\rm pPb}/[\sigma_{\psi(\rm 2S)}/\sigma_{\rm
J/\psi}]_{\rm pp}$ between p-Pb and pp collisions, and by the values of the
nuclear modification factors for the two charmonium states. The results show a
large suppression of $\psi$(2S) production relative to the J/$\psi$ at backward
(negative) rapidity, corresponding to the flight direction of the Pb-nucleus,
while at forward (positive) rapidity the suppressions of the two states are
comparable. Finally, comparisons to results from lower energy experiments and
to available theoretical models are presented.Comment: 20 pages, 5 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 14,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/237
The moduli spaces of $3d$ ${\cal N} \ge 2$ Chern-Simons gauge theories
  and their Hilbert series

We present a formula for the Hilbert series that counts gauge invariant
chiral operators in a large class of 3d ${\cal N} \ge 2$
Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theories. The formula counts 't Hooft monopole
operators dressed by gauge invariants of a residual gauge theory of massless
fields in the monopole background. We provide a general formula for the case of
abelian theories, where nonperturbative corrections are absent, and consider a
few examples of nonabelian theories where nonperturbative corrections are well
understood. We also analyze in detail nonabelian ABJ(M) theories as well as
worldvolume theories of M2-branes probing Calabi-Yau fourfold and hyperK\"ahler
twofold singularities with ${\cal N} = 2$ and ${\cal N} = 3$ supersymmetry.Comment: 72 pages + appendice
Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor is a modifier of cardiac conduction and arrhythmia vulnerability in the setting of myocardial ischemia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) on ventricular conduction and arrhythmia  vulnerability in the setting of myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND: A heritable component in the risk of ventricular fibrillation during myocardial infarction has been well established. A recent genome-wide association study of ventricular  fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction led to the identification of a locus on chromosome 21q21 (rs2824292) in the vicinity of the CXADR gene. CXADR encodes the CAR, a cell adhesion molecule predominantly located at the intercalated disks of the cardiomyocyte. METHODS: The correlation between CAR transcript levels and rs2824292 genotype was investigated in human left ventricular samples. Electrophysiological studies and molecular analyses were performed using CAR haploinsufficient (CAR(+/-)) mice. RESULTS: In human left ventricular samples, the risk allele at the chr21q21 genome-wide association study locus was associated with lower CXADR messenger ribonucleic acid levels, suggesting that decreased cardiac levels of CAR predispose to ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation. Hearts from CAR(+/-) mice displayed slowing of ventricular conduction in addition to an earlier onset of ventricular arrhythmias during the early phase of acute myocardial ischemia after ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Expression and distribution of connexin 43 were unaffected, but CAR(+/-) hearts displayed increased arrhythmia susceptibility on  pharmacological electrical uncoupling. Patch-clamp analysis of isolated CAR(+/-)  myocytes showed reduced sodium current magnitude specifically at the intercalated disk. Moreover, CAR coprecipitated with NaV1.5 in vitro, suggesting that CAR affects sodium channel function through a physical interaction with NaV1.5. CONCLUSIONS: CAR is a novel modifier of ventricular conduction and arrhythmia vulnerability in the setting of myocardial ischemia. Genetic determinants of arrhythmia susceptibility (such as CAR) may constitute future targets for risk stratification of potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease
Search for the standard model higgs boson decay to mu(+)mu(-) with the ATLAS detector

A search is reported for Higgs boson decay to mu(+)mu(-) using data with an integrated luminosity of 24.8 fb(-1) collected with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s = 7 and 8 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The observed dimuon invariant mass distribution is consistent with the Standard Model background-only hypothesis in the 120-150 GeV search range. For a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.5 GeV, the observed (expected) upper limit at the 95% confidence level is 7.0 (7.2) times the Standard Model expectation. This corresponds to an upper limit on the branching ratio BR(H -> mu(+)mu(-)) of 1.5 x10(-3)