pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Shadow multiplets and superHiggs mechanism

We discuss a general feature of Freund Rubin compactifications that was previously overlooked. It consist in a curious pairing, which we call a shadow relation, of completely different (in terms of spin and mass) fields of the dimensionally reduced theory. Particularly interesting is the case where the compactification preserves a certain amount of supersymmetry, giving rise to a shadowing phenomenon between whole supermultiplets of fields. In particular, there are strong suggestions about the consistency of a massive truncation of 11D supergravity to the massless modes of the graviton supermultiplet plus the massive modes of its shadow partner. This fact has important consequences in the ${\cal N}=2$ and ${\cal N}=3$ cases, which seem to realize respectively a Higgs or a superHiggs phenomenon. In other words, we are led to reinterpret the dimensionally reduced theory as a spontaneously broken phase of some higher (super)symmetric theory
Maximal unramified 3-extensions of imaginary quadratic fields and
  SL_2(Z_3)

The structure of the Galois group of the maximal unramified p-extension of an
imaginary quadratic field is restricted in various ways. In this paper we
construct a family of finite 3-groups satisfying these restrictions. We prove
several results about this family and characterize them as finite extensions of
certain quotients of a Sylow pro-3 subgroup of SL_2(Z_3). We verify that the
first group in the family does indeed arise as such a Galois group and provide
a small amount of evidence that this may hold for the other members. If this
were the case then it would imply that there is no upper bound on the possible
lengths of a finite p-class tower.Comment: 7 pages. No figures. LaTe
Canonical Characteristic Sets of Characterizable Differential Ideals

We study the concept of canonical characteristic set of a characterizable
differential ideal. We propose an efficient algorithm that transforms any
characteristic set into the canonical one. We prove the basic properties of
canonical characteristic sets. In particular, we show that in the ordinary case
for any ranking the order of each element of the canonical characteristic set
of a characterizable differential ideal is bounded by the order of the ideal.
Finally, we propose a factorization-free algorithm for computing the canonical
characteristic set of a characterizable differential ideal represented as a
radical ideal by a set of generators. The algorithm is not restricted to the
ordinary case and is applicable for an arbitrary ranking.Comment: 26 page
Silicon-based Quantum Computation

An architecture for a quantum computer is presented in which spins associated
with donors in silicon function as qubits. Quantum operations on the spins are
performed using a combination of voltages applied to gates adjacent to the
spins and radio frequency applied magnetic fields resonant with spin
transitions. Initialization and measurement of electron spins is made by
electrostatic probing of a two electron system, whose orbital configuration
must depend on the spin states of the electrons because of the Pauli Principle.
Specific devices will be discussed which perform all the necessary operations
for quantum computing, with an emphasis placed on the qualitative principles
underlying their operation.
  The likely impediments to achieving large-scale quantum computation using
this architecture will be addressed: the computer must operate at extremely low
temperature, must be fabricated from devices built with near atomic precision,
and will require extremely accurate gating operations in order to perform
quantum logic. Refinements to the computer architecture will be presented which
could remedy each of these deficiencies. I will conclude by discussing a
specific realization of the computer using Si/SiGe heterostructures into which
donors are deposited using a low energy focused ion beam.Comment: Submitted to Fortschritte der Physik Special Issue on Experimental
  Proposals for Quantum Computatio
Models for Equilibrium BEC Superradiance

Motivated by recent experiments with superradiant Bose-Einstein Condensate
(BEC) we consider simple microscopic models describing rigorously the
interference of the two cooperative phenomena, BEC and radiation, in
thermodynamic equilibrium. Our resuts in equilibrium confirm the presence of
the observed superradiant light scattering from BEC: (a) the equilibrium
superradiance exists only below a certain transition temperature; (b) there is
superradiance and matter-wave (BEC) enhancement due to the coherent coupling
between light and matter.Comment: 9 page
Differences in white matter reflect atypical developmental trajectory in autism: A Tract-based Spatial Statistics study☆

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which white matter (WM) maturation is affected. We assessed WM integrity in 16 adolescents and 14 adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in matched neurotypical controls (NT) using diffusion weighted imaging and Tract-based Spatial Statistics. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in adolescents with ASD in tracts involved in emotional face processing, language, and executive functioning, including the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and the inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi. Remarkably, no differences in FA were observed between ASD and NT adults. We evaluated the effect of age on WM development across the entire age range. Positive correlations between FA values and age were observed in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, the corpus callosum, and the cortical spinal tract of ASD participants, but not in NT participants. Our data underscore the dynamic nature of brain development in ASD, showing the presence of an atypical process of WM maturation, that appears to normalize over time and could be at the basis of behavioral improvements often observed in high-functioning autism
Corrections Terms for the Thermodynamics of a Black Saturn

In this paper, we will analyze the effects of thermal fluctuations on the
stability of a black Saturn. The entropy of the black Saturn will get corrected
due to these thermal fluctuations. We will demonstrate that the correction term
generated by these thermal fluctuations is a logarithmic term. Then we will use
this corrected value of the entropy to obtain bounds for various parameters of
the black Saturn. We will also analyze the thermodynamical stability of the
black Saturn in presence of thermal fluctuations, using this corrected value of
the entropy.Comment: 15 pages, revised version has been accepted for publication in Phys.
  Lett.
Measurement of the branching ratio for beta-delayed alpha decay of 16N

While the 12C(a,g)16O reaction plays a central role in nuclear astrophysics,
the cross section at energies relevant to hydrostatic helium burning is too
small to be directly measured in the laboratory. The beta-delayed alpha
spectrum of 16N can be used to constrain the extrapolation of the E1 component
of the S-factor; however, with this approach the resulting S-factor becomes
strongly correlated with the assumed beta-alpha branching ratio. We have
remeasured the beta-alpha branching ratio by implanting 16N ions in a segmented
Si detector and counting the number of beta-alpha decays relative to the number
of implantations. Our result, 1.49(5)e-5, represents a 24% increase compared to
the accepted value and implies an increase of 14% in the extrapolated S-factor
Linnik's Theorem for Sato-Tate Laws on Elliptic Curves with Complex
  Multiplication

Let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve with complex multiplication (CM), and
for each prime $p$ of good reduction, let $a_E(p) = p + 1 - \#E(\mathbb{F}_p)$
denote the trace of Frobenius. By the Hasse bound, $a_E(p) = 2\sqrt{p} \cos
\theta_p$ for a unique $\theta_p \in [0, \pi]$. In this paper, we prove that
the least prime $p$ such that $\theta_p \in [\alpha, \beta] \subset [0, \pi]$
satisfies \[ p \ll \left(\frac{N_E}{\beta - \alpha}\right)^A, \] where $N_E$ is
the conductor of $E$ and the implied constant and exponent $A > 2$ are absolute
and effectively computable. Our result is an analogue for CM elliptic curves of
Linnik's Theorem for arithmetic progressions, which states that the least prime
$p \equiv a \pmod q$ for $(a,q)=1$ satisfies $p \ll q^L$ for an absolute
constant $L > 0$.Comment: 11 pages; made minor modification
Functional renormalization group study of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
  at finite temperature and density in an external magnetic field

In this study, we investigate the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model at finite
temperature and finite density in an external magnetic field using the
functional renormalization group. We investigate the dependence of the position
of the ultraviolet fixed point (UVFP) of the four-Fermi coupling constant on
the temperature, density, and external magnetic field, and we obtain the chiral
phase structure. The UVFP at low temperature and finite chemical potential
oscillates in a small external magnetic field, which can be interpreted as the
de Haas--van Alphen effect. We also obtain phase diagrams with complex
structures, where the phase boundary moves back and forth as the external
magnetic field increases in the low temperature and high density region.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, published versio
Exploiting human and mouse transcriptomic data: Identification of circadian genes and pathways influencing health

The power of the application of bioinformatics across multiple publicly available transcriptomic data sets was explored. Using 19 human and mouse circadian transcriptomic data sets, we found that NR1D1 and NR1D2 which encode heme-responsive nuclear receptors are the most rhythmic transcripts across sleep conditions and tissues suggesting that they are at the core of circadian rhythm generation. Analyzes of human transcriptomic data show that a core set of transcripts related to processes including immune function, glucocorticoid signalling, and lipid metabolism is rhythmically expressed independently of the sleep-wake cycle. We also identify key transcripts associated with transcription and translation that are disrupted by sleep manipulations, and through network analysis identify putative mechanisms underlying the adverse health outcomes associated with sleep disruption, such as diabetes and cancer. Comparative bioinformatics applied to existing and future data sets will be a powerful tool for the identification of core circadian- and sleep-dependent molecules
Functional estimates for derivatives of the modified Bessel function and related exponential functions

Let K0K0 denote the modified Bessel function of second kind and zeroth order. In this paper we will study the function View the MathML sourceω˜n(x):=(−x)nK0(n)(x)n! for positive argument. The function View the MathML sourceω˜n plays an important role for the formulation of the wave equation in two spatial dimensions as a retarded potential integral equation. We will prove that the growth of the derivatives View the MathML sourceω˜n(m) with respect to n   can be bounded by O((n+1)m/2)O((n+1)m/2) while for small and large arguments x   the growth even becomes independent of n  . These estimates are based on an integral representation of K0K0 which involves the function View the MathML sourcegn(t)=tnn!exp(−t) and its derivatives. The estimates then rely on a subtle analysis of gngn and its derivatives which we will also present in this paper
The μ → eγ decay in a systematic effective field theory approach with dimension 6 operators

We implement a systematic effective field theory approach to the benchmark process $\mu\to e \gamma$, performing automated one-loop computations including dimension 6 operators and studying their anomalous dimensions. We obtain limits on Wilson coefficients of a relevant subset of lepton-flavour violating operators that contribute to the branching ratio $\mu\to e \gamma$ at one-loop. In addition, we illustrate a method to extract further constraints induced by the mixing of operators under renormalisation-group evolution. This results in limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients directly at the high scale. The procedure can be applied to other processes as well and, as an example, we consider also lepton-flavour violating decays of the $\tau$
New N = 1 dualities from M5-branes and outer-automorphism twists

We generalize recent construction of four-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 SCFT from wrapping six-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} $ = (2, 0) theory on a Riemann surface to the case of D-type with outer-automorphism twists. This construction allows us to build various dual theories for a class of $ \mathcal{N} $ = 1 quiver theories of SO-USp type. In particular, we find there are five dual frames to SO(2 N )/USp(2 N −2)/ G 2 gauge theories with (4 N −4)/(4 N )/8 fundamental flavors, where three of them being non-Lagrangian. We check the dualities by computing the anomaly coefficients and the superconformal indices. In the process we verify that the index of D 4 theory on a certain three punctured sphere with $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_2} $ and $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_3} $ twist lines exhibits expected symmetry enhancement from G 2 × USp(6) to E 7
Janus configurations with SL(2, ℤ)-duality twists, strings on mapping tori and a tridiagonal determinant formula

We develop an equivalence between two Hilbert spaces: (i) the space of states of U(1) n Chern-Simons theory with a certain class of tridiagonal matrices of coupling constants (with corners) on T 2 ; and (ii) the space of ground states of strings on an associated mapping torus with T 2 fiber. The equivalence is deduced by studying the space of ground states of SL(2, ℤ)-twisted circle compactifications of U(1) gauge theory, connected with a Janus configuration, and further compactified on T 2 . The equality of dimensions of the two Hilbert spaces (i) and (ii) is equivalent to a known identity on determinants of tridiagonal matrices with corners. The equivalence of operator algebras acting on the two Hilbert spaces follows from a relation between the Smith normal form of the Chern-Simons coupling constant matrix and the isometry group of the mapping torus, as well as the torsion part of its first homology group
Associated ZH production at hadron colliders: The fully differential NNLO QCD calculation

We consider Standard Model Higgs boson production in association with a Z boson in hadron collisions. We present a fully exclusive computation of QCD radiative corrections up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). Our calculation includes the Higgs boson decay to bottom quarks ( b ) in next-to-leading order QCD and the leptonic decay of the Z boson with finite-width effects and spin correlations. The computation is implemented in a parton level Monte Carlo program that makes possible to consider arbitrary kinematical cuts on the final-state leptons, the b jets and the associated QCD radiation, and to compute the corresponding distributions in the form of bin histograms. We assess the impact of QCD radiative effects in the boosted kinematics at the LHC and show that the inclusion of the NNLO corrections is crucial to control the pT spectrum of the Higgs boson candidate
Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current in Nf=3 lattice QCD with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action

The coefficient cA required for O(a) improvement of the axial current in lattice QCD with Nf=3 flavors of Wilson fermions and the tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action is determined non-perturbatively. The standard improvement condition using Schrödinger functional boundary conditions is employed at constant physics for a range of couplings relevant for simulations at lattice spacings of ≈0.09 fm and below. We define the improvement condition projected onto the zero topological charge sector of the theory, in order to avoid the problem of possibly insufficient tunneling between topological sectors in our simulations at the smallest bare coupling. An interpolation formula for cA(g02) is provided together with our final results
Optically active Er–Yb doped glass films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

3 pages, 2 figures.Active rare-earth Er3 + –Yb3 + co-doped phosphate glass films are produced in a single step by pulsed laser deposition. The films are multimode waveguides and exhibit the highest refractive index, optical density and 1.54 µm photoluminescence intensity and lifetime when deposited at low oxygen pressure (Pox4 (menor o igual) 10–5 Torr). The density of the films obtained under these conditions is higher than that of the target material as a consequence of the high kinetic energy of the species generated during ablation. Luminescent emission can be excited by optical pumping the Er3 + ions either directly or through cross-relaxation of the Yb3 + . Post-deposition annealing allows us to improve the luminescence performance.This work has been partially supported by CICYT\ud
(Spain) under Project No. TIC96-0467. One of the authors\ud
(J.M.B.) acknowledges financial support from the Spanish\ud
Ministry of Education.Peer reviewe
BINS validation - Bayley neurodevelopmental screener in Brazilian preterm children under risk conditions

Psychometric researches increase in Brazil. Bayley Infant Neurodevelopment Screener - BINS (Aylward, 1995) is a low cost, fast instrument. in 10' it classifies children under developmental risk degrees. This research purpose was investigating BINS psychometric properties. 61 low-income Brazilian preterm, were divided in groups: 31 children (12 months) and 30 children (24 months), both sex, birth weight < 2000g. Socio-demographic-psychological profile was previously registered. Neurologists examined them through Amiel-Tison and Gosselin (2001) and physicians with Denver-DDST-II(Frankenburg, Dodds, Archer, & Bresnick, 1990). Psychologist assessed children at chronological age, with Bayley Scales-BSID-II (Bayley, 1993) and BINS (12m) and BINS (24 m). Results demonstrated homogeneous characteristics sample. Reliability indexes were over requested standards. Validity evidences based on external variables were positive moderated and BINS (24 m)/BSID-II (mental) presented high correlation. Validity evidences based on content were attested by expertise. High sensitivity was found. So. BINS can be considered an instrument of adequate psychometric properties, able to screen children under risk, according to Psychological Association requests. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.UNIFESP Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, BR-04037002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Francisco, Dept Psychol, BR-12900000 Braganca Paulista, SP, BrazilUNIFESP Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pediat, BR-04037002 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Search for new phenomena in final states with large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum at root s=8 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS experiment

A search is presented for new particles decaying to large numbers (7 or more) of jets, with missing transverse momentum and no isolated electrons or muons. This analysis uses 20.3 fb(-1) of p p collision data at root s = 8 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The sensitivity of the search is enhanced by considering the number of b-tagged jets and the scalar sum of masses of large-radius jets in an event. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of various simplified supersymmetry-inspired models where gluinos are pair produced, as well as an mSUGRA/CMSSM model.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2013)130</p><p>Correction in: Journal of High Energy Physics, issue 1, article number 109, doi: 10.1007/JHEP01(2014)109</p
Benefits and costs of ecological restoration: Rapid assessment of changing ecosystem service values at a U.K. wetland

Restoration of degraded land is recognized by the international community as\ud
an important way of enhancing both biodiversity and ecosystem services, but\ud
more information is needed about its costs and benefits. In Cambridgeshire,\ud
U.K., a long-term initiative to convert drained, intensively farmed arable land\ud
to a wetland habitat mosaic is driven by a desire both to prevent biodiversity\ud
loss from the nationally important Wicken Fen National Nature Reserve (Wicken\ud
Fen NNR) and to increase the provision of ecosystem services. We evaluated\ud
the changes in ecosystem service delivery resulting from this land\ud
conversion, using a new Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment\ud
(TESSA) to estimate biophysical and monetary values of ecosystem services provided\ud
by the restored wetland mosaic compared with the former arable land.\ud
Overall results suggest that restoration is associated with a net gain to society as\ud
a whole of $199 ha ^-1 y ^-1, for a one-off investment in restoration of\ud
$2320 ha ^-1. Restoration has led to an estimated loss of arable production of\ud
$2040 ha ^-1 y ^-1 , but estimated gains of $671 ha ^-1 y ^-1  in nature-based recreation,\ud
$120 ha ^-1 y ^-1  from grazing, $48 ha ^-1 y ^-1  from flood protection, and a reduction\ud
in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worth an estimated $72 ha ^-1 y ^-1.\ud
Management costs have also declined by an estimated $1325 ha ^-1  y ^-1. Despite\ud
uncertainties associated with all measured values and the conservative assumptions\ud
used, we conclude that there was a substantial gain to society as a whole\ud
from this land-use conversion. The beneficiaries also changed from local arable\ud
farmers under arable production to graziers, countryside users from towns and\ud
villages, and the global community, under restoration. We emphasize that the\ud
values reported here are not necessarily transferable to other sites.This research was funded by the Cambridge\ud
Conservation Initiative Collaborative Fund\ud
and Arcadia (Research grant no.\ud
PFPA.GAAB), a U.K. Government Darwin\ud
Initiative grant (18-005) to BirdLife\ud
International, UNEP-WCMC, Anglia Ruskin\ud
University, RSPB, and an AXA Postdoctoral\ud
Fellowship (to KSHP at University of\ud
Cambridge).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Optimal design of a toroidal field magnet system and cost of electricity implications for a tokamak using high temperature superconductors.

The potential for reducing the Cost of Electricity (CoE) by using High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in the Toroidal Field (TF) coils of a fusion tokamak power plant has been investigated using a new HTS module in the PROCESS systems code. We report the CoE and the design of HTS tokamaks that have been optimised by minimising the major radius of the plasma. Potential future improvements in both the superconducting properties and the structural materials for TF coils operating at 4.8 K and 30 K are considered. Increasing the critical current density by a factor of 10 (with a commensurate reduction in costs kA−1 m−1) results in a CoE 4.4% less than equivalent tokamaks using current low temperature superconductors (LTS). If the yield strength of the TF casing material is increased by 40% to 1400 MPa, the CoE is further reduced by 3.4%. Implementing both improvements and operating the TF coils at 4.8 K leads to CoE of 19.1 (10.1) €cent kW−1 h−1 for a 500 MW (1.5 GW) HTS reactor compared to 20.7 (11.1) €cent kW−1 h−1 for an LTS reactor (2013 costs). Operating the HTS TF coils at 30 K with both improvements, gives a similar CoE for HTS and LTS tokamaks