pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Brain dynamics of meal size selection in humans

AbstractAlthough neuroimaging research has evidenced specific responses to visual food stimuli based on their nutritional quality (e.g., energy density, fat content), brain processes underlying portion size selection remain largely unexplored. We identified spatio-temporal brain dynamics in response to meal images varying in portion size during a task of ideal portion selection for prospective lunch intake and expected satiety. Brain responses to meal portions judged by the participants as ‘too small’, ‘ideal’ and ‘too big’ were measured by means of electro-encephalographic (EEG) recordings in 21 normal-weight women. During an early stage of meal viewing (105–145ms), data showed an incremental increase of the head-surface global electric field strength (quantified via global field power; GFP) as portion judgments ranged from ‘too small’ to ‘too big’. Estimations of neural source activity revealed that brain regions underlying this effect were located in the insula, middle frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus, and are similar to those reported in previous studies investigating responses to changes in food nutritional content. In contrast, during a later stage (230–270ms), GFP was maximal for the ‘ideal’ relative to the ‘non-ideal’ portion sizes. Greater neural source activity to ‘ideal’ vs. ‘non-ideal’ portion sizes was observed in the inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyrus and mid-posterior cingulate gyrus. Collectively, our results provide evidence that several brain regions involved in attention and adaptive behavior track ‘ideal’ meal portion sizes as early as 230ms during visual encounter. That is, responses do not show an increase paralleling the amount of food viewed (and, in extension, the amount of reward), but are shaped by regulatory mechanisms
Neutrinoless double β decay and low scale leptogenesis

AbstractThe extension of the Standard Model by right handed neutrinos with masses in the GeV range can simultaneously explain the observed neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism and the baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. It has previously been claimed that the requirement for successful baryogenesis implies that the rate of neutrinoless double β decay in this scenario is always smaller than the standard prediction from light neutrino exchange alone. In contrast, we find that the rate for this process can also be enhanced due to a dominant contribution from heavy neutrino exchange. In a small part of the parameter space it even exceeds the current experimental limit, while the properties of the heavy neutrinos are consistent with all other experimental constraints and the observed baryon asymmetry is reproduced. This implies that neutrinoless double β decay experiments have already started to rule out part of the leptogenesis parameter space that is not constrained by any other experiment, and the lepton number violation that is responsible for the origin of baryonic matter in the universe may be observed in the near future
Microstructure of friction surface developed on carbon fibre reinforced carbon–silicon carbide (Cf/C–SiC)

AbstractWe have used TEM to study the microstructure of friction surface of carbon fibre/carbon–silicon carbide composites brake discs after multi braking stop by using organic pads. A friction surface layer was developed consistently on the top of Si regions of the composites, but inconsistently on that of SiC and C. Inside the layer, amorphous silicon/silicon oxides appeared extensively with various non-metallic and metallic crystallites dispersed inside with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several microns. A coherent interface between the friction layer and the composite surface was established under the braking conditions, whilst its sustainability varied notably in SiC and C regions. Microcracking near the friction surface appeared in SiC and Cf/C regions largely due to the extensive ductile deformation of SiC and weak interfaces between C and Cf. Material joining mechanisms were discussed to enlighten the friction transfer layer development on the surface of the composite discs
Development of an integrated methodology for the sustainable environmental and socio-economic management of river ecosystems

AbstractThe development of the Water Framework Directive aimed to establish an integrated framework of water management at European level. This framework revolves around inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and ground waters. In the process of achieving the environment and ecological objectives set from the Directive, the role of economics is put in the core of the water management. An important feature of the Directive is the recovery of total economic cost of water services by all users. The total cost of water services can be disaggregated into environmental, financial and resource costs. Another important aspect of the directive is the identification of major drivers and pressures in each River Basin District. We describe a methodology that is aiming to achieve sustainable and environmental and socioeconomic management of freshwater ecosystem services. The Ecosystem Services Approach is in the core of the suggested methodology for the implementation of a more sustainable and efficient water management. This approach consists of the following three steps: (i) socio-economic characterization of the River Basin area, (ii) assessment of the current recovery of water use cost, and (iii) identification and suggestion of appropriate programs of measures for sustainable water management over space and time. This methodology is consistent with a) the economic principles adopted explicitly by the Water Framework Directive (WFD), b) the three-step WFD implementation approach adopted in the WATECO document, c) the Ecosystem Services Approach to valuing freshwater goods and services to humans. Furthermore, we analyze how the effects of multiple stressors and socio-economic development can be quantified in the context of freshwater resources management. We also attempt to estimate the value of four ecosystem services using the benefit transfer approach for the Anglian River Basin, which showed the significance of such services
Global behavior of spherically symmetric Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity

AbstractIn this paper, we study a free boundary problem for compressible spherically symmetric Navier–Stokes equations without a solid core. Under certain assumptions imposed on the initial data, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of the weak solution, give some uniform bounds (with respect to time) of the solution and show that it converges to a stationary one as time tends to infinity. Moreover, we obtain the stabilization rate estimates of exponential type in L∞-norm and weighted H1-norm of the solution by constructing some Lyapunov functionals. The results show that such system is stable under the small perturbations, and could be applied to the astrophysics
The ALHAMBRA survey: 2-D analysis of the stellar populations in massive
  early-type galaxies at z < 0.3

We present a technique that permits the analysis of stellar population
gradients in a relatively low cost way compared to IFU surveys analyzing a
vastly larger samples as well as out to larger radii. We developed a technique
to analyze unresolved stellar populations of spatially resolved galaxies based
on photometric multi-filter surveys. We derived spatially resolved stellar
population properties and radial gradients by applying a Centroidal Voronoi
Tesselation and performing a multi-color photometry SED fitting. This technique
has been applied to a sample of 29 massive (M$_{\star}$ > 10$^{10.5}$
M$_{\odot}$), early-type galaxies at $z$ < 0.3 from the ALHAMBRA survey. We
produced detailed 2D maps of stellar population properties (age, metallicity
and extinction). Radial structures have been studied and luminosity-weighted
and mass-weighted gradients have been derived out to 2 - 3.5 R$_\mathrm{eff}$.
We find the gradients of early-type galaxies to be on average flat in age
($\nabla$log Age$_\mathrm{L}$ = 0.02 $\pm$ 0.06 dex/R$_\mathrm{eff})$ and
negative in metallicity ($\nabla$[Fe/H]$_\mathrm{L}$ = - 0.09 $\pm$ 0.06
dex/R$_\mathrm{eff}$). Overall, the extinction gradients are flat
($\nabla$A$_\mathrm{v}$ = - 0.03 $\pm$ 0.09 mag/R$_\mathrm{eff}$ ) with a wide
spread. These results are in agreement with previous studies that used standard
long-slit spectroscopy as well as with the most recent integral field unit
(IFU) studies. According to recent simulations, these results are consistent
with a scenario where early-type galaxies were formed through major mergers and
where their final gradients are driven by the older ages and higher metallicity
of the accreted systems. We demonstrate the scientific potential of
multi-filter photometry to explore the spatially resolved stellar populations
of local galaxies and confirm previous spectroscopic trends from a
complementary technique.Comment: 25 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Asymptotic theory for the multidimensional random on-line nearest-neighbour graph

The on-line nearest-neighbour graph on a sequence of n uniform random points in (0,1)d joins each point after the first to its nearest neighbour amongst its predecessors. For the total power-weighted edge-length of this graph, with weight exponent αset membership, variant(0,d/2], we prove O(max{n1−(2α/d),logn}) upper bounds on the variance. On the other hand, we give an n→∞ large-sample convergence result for the total power-weighted edge-length when α>d/2. We prove corresponding results when the underlying point set is a Poisson process of intensity n
Gender influences on the work-related stress-coping process

The increasing incidence of occupational stress is recognized as a global phenomenon that is having a detrimental impact on both individuals and organizations. This study aims to identify whether men and women adopt different stress and coping processes when subjected to stress in a work context. A total of 258 workers of various professions (males = 106, females = 152) participated in the study. Results indicated that men and women differ in their stress and coping processes, forming two very distinct groups and adopting specific process models when encountering a stressful situation at work. Limitations and implications from this study are discussed
Origin of fluids and anhydrite precipitation at the sediment-hosted Grimsey hydrothermal field north of Iceland

The sediment-hosted Grimsey hydrothermal field is situated in the Tjörnes fracture zone (TFZ) which represents the transition from northern Iceland to the southern Kolbeinsey Ridge. The TFZ is characterized by a ridge jump of 75 km causing widespread extension of the oceanic crust in this area. Hydrothermal activity occurs in the Grimsey field in a 300 m×1000 m large area at a water depth of 400 m. Active and inactive anhydrite chimneys up to 3 meters high and hydrothermal anhydrite mounds are typical for this field. Clear, metal-depleted, up to 250 °C hydrothermal fluids are venting from the active chimneys. Anhydrite samples collected from the Grimsey field average 21.6 wt.% Ca, 1475 ppm Sr and 3.47 wt.% Mg. The average molar Sr/Ca ratio is 3.3×10−3. Sulfur isotopes of anhydrite have typical seawater values of 22±0.7‰ δ34S, indicating a seawater source for SO42−. Strontium isotopic ratios average 0.70662±0.00033, suggesting the precipitation of anhydrite from a hydrothermal fluid–seawater mixture. The endmember of the venting hydrothermal fluids calculated on a Mg-zero basis contains 59.8 μmol/kg Sr, 13.2 mmol/kg Ca and a 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70634. The average Sr/Ca partition coefficient between the hydrothermal fluids and anhydrite of about 0.67 implies precipitation from a non-evolved fluid. A model for fluid evolution in the Grimsey hydrothermal field suggests mixing of upwelling hydrothermal fluids with shallowly circulating seawater. Before and during mixing, seawater is heated to 200–250 °C which causes anhydrite precipitation and probably the formation of an anhydrite-rich zone beneath the seafloor
Long run performance of IPOs and the role of financial analysts: some French evidence

This paper examines the long run performance of French IPOs carried out between 1991 and 2005. By using various methodologies, we find that IPOs in our sample performed negatively relative to comparison portfolios over the 1991-2005 horizon, unlike prior studies applied to French market. This abnormal long run performance is much severe for orphans’ IPOs (without financial recommendation) than non orphans’ IPOs from one to three-year horizon (statistically significant). The evidence suggests that analyst coverage is indeed important to issuing firm but the market do not fully incorporate the perceived value of this coverage. Further analysis reveals that this outperformance by non orphan stems from high coverage.
Investors pay more attention for non orphan when IPOs are venture capital backed, with a big underwriting syndicate and low underpriced. Over the 1991-2005 period, analyst’s affiliation does not appear to matter. This result is inconsistent with the conflict of interest hypothesis. We establish that analyst recommendations are significantly related to long run performance of IPOs. Then we corroborate the crucial role of financial analysts in producing and interpreting IPOs’ financial releases.
Influence of normal and radial contributions of local current density on local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

A new tri-electrode probe is presented and applied to local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) measurements. As opposed to two-probe systems, the three-probe one allows measurement not only of normal, but also of radial contributions of local current densities to the local impedance values. The results concerning the cases of the blocking electrode and the electrode with faradaic reaction are discussed from the theoretical point of view for a disk electrode. Numerical simulations and experimental results are compared for the case of the ferri/ferrocyanide electrode reaction at the Pt working electrode disk. At the centre of the disk, the impedance taking into account both normal and radial contributions was in good agreement with the local impedance measured in terms of only the normal contribution. At the periphery of the electrode, the impedance taking into account both normal and radial contributions differed significantly from the local impedance measured in terms of only the normal contribution. The radial impedance results at the periphery of the electrode are in good agreement with the usual explanation that the associated larger current density is attributed to the geometry of the electrode, which exhibits a greater accessibility at the electrode edge
Nearly Optimal Stochastic Approximation for Online Principal Subspace
  Estimation

Processing streaming data as they arrive is often necessary for high
dimensional data analysis. In this paper, we analyse the convergence of a
subspace online PCA iteration, as a followup of the recent work of Li, Wang,
Liu, and Zhang [Math. Program., Ser. B, DOI 10.1007/s10107-017-1182-z] who
considered the case for the most significant principal component only, i.e., a
single vector. Under the sub-Gaussian assumption, we obtain a finite-sample
error bound that closely matches the minimax information lower bound of Vu and
Lei [Ann. Statist. 41:6 (2013), 2905-2947].Comment: 37 page
Optimising charged Higgs boson searches at the Large Hadron Collider across bb(-)W+/- final states

Available online 26 July 2016In the light of the most recent data from Higgs boson searches and analyses, we re-assess the scope of the Large Hadron Collider in accessing heavy charged Higgs boson signals in b¯bW±final states, wherein the contributing channels can be H+→t¯ b, hW±, HW±and AW±. We consider a 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-II and we assume as production mode bg→tH−+c.c., the dominant one over the range MH±≥480GeV, as dictated by b →sγconstraints. Prospects of detection are found to be significant for various Run2 energy and luminosity options.Stefano Moretti, Rui Santos, Pankaj Sharm
The Influence of Online Reviews on Consumers' Attributions of Service Quality and Control for Service Standards in Hotels

Online travel reviews are emerging as a powerful source of information affecting tourists' pre-purchase evaluation of a hotel organization. This trend has highlighted the need for a greater understanding of the impact of online reviews on consumer attitudes and behaviors. In view of this need, we investigate the influence of online hotel reviews on consumers' attributions of service quality and firms' ability to control service delivery. An experimental design was used to examine the effects of four independent variables: framing; valence; ratings; and target. The results suggest that in reviews evaluating a hotel, remarks related to core services are more likely to induce positive service quality attributions. Recent reviews affect customers' attributions of controllability for service deliv- ery, with negative reviews exerting an unfavorable influence on consumers' perceptions. The findings highlight the importance of managing the core service and the need for managers to act promptly in addressing customer service problems.Full Tex
Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate [3H]acetylcholine release from cultured amacrine-like neurons

Retinal amacrine cells express metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), but their physiological role is unknown. We investigated the effect of mGluR on [3H]acetylcholine release ([3H]ACh) from cultured chick amacrine-like neurons. Activation of group III mGluR with the agonist L(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) inhibited [3H]ACh release evoked by 25 mM KCl in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was sensitive to pertussis toxin. In contrast, activation of group I or II mGluR with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) and (2S,2primeR,3primeR)-2-(2prime,3prime-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), respectively, did not affect significantly [3H]ACh release. The effect of L-AP4 on [3H]ACh release was sensitive to nitrendipine, suggesting that it is, at least in part, due to inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels. Activation of group III mGluR also partly inhibited ω-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive Ca2+ channels, coupled to [3H]ACh release. The L-AP4 did not affect the cAMP levels measured in amacrine-like neurons depolarized with 25 mM KCl or stimulated with forskolin, indicating that the effect of group III mGluR on [3H]ACh release is not due to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. Inhibition of protein kinase A with KT-5720 was without effect on [3H]ACh release evoked by 25 mM KCl, further indicating that the effect of group III mGluR on [3H]ACh release cannot be attributed to the inhibition of the kinase. The effect of L-AP4 on [3H]ACh release was reversed by DHPG or by DCG-IV, and activation of group II mGluR also partially inhibited cAMP production stimulated by forskolin. Taken together, our results show that the effect of group III mGluR on [3H]ACh release may be due to a direct inhibition of L- and N-type Ca2+ channels and is modulated by group I and group II mGluR. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:505-514, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19991115)58:4<505::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-
Proto-consonants were information-dense via identical bioacoustic tags to proto-vowels

Why did our ancestors combine the first consonant- A nd vowel-like utterances to produce the first syllable or word? To answer this question, it is essential to know what constituted the communicative function of proto-consonants and of proto-vowels before their combined use became universal. Almost nothing is known, however, about consonant-like calls in the primate order1,2. Here, we investigate a large collection of voiceless consonant-like calls in nonhuman great apes (our closest relatives), namely orangutans (Pongo spp.). We analysed 4,486 kiss-squeaks collected across 48 individuals in four wild populations. Despite idiosyncratic production mechanics, consonant-like calls displayed information-dense content and the same acoustic signatures found in voiced vowel-like calls by nonhuman primates, implying similar biological functions. Selection regimes between proto-consonants and proto-vowels were thus probably indistinguishable at the dawn of spoken language evolution. Our findings suggest that the first proto-syllables or proto-words in our lineage probably constituted message reiterations, instead of messages of increasing intricacy.PostprintPeer reviewe
Porous self-protonating spiropyran-based NIPAAm gels\ud
with improved reswelling kinetics

This study focuses on improving the speed of actuation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based photoresponsive gels containing copolymerised spiropyran as the photoswitch and acrylic acid as the proton source. The improvement is realised by introducing pores into the material. For this purpose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) of two molecular weights (2,000 and 20,000 g mol-1) has been used as the porophore in the polymerisation mixture. Upon removal of the PEG porophore post polymerisation, hydrogels of different pore sizes were obtained. This impacts the diffusion of water molecules moving in/out of the hydrogel matrix, thus improving the swelling and shrinking kinetics of the hydrogel due to reduction of the average diffusion pathlength. Most significant improvement was observed in the re-swelling step and is demonstrated with optical microscopy combined with kinetic ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) analysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy reveals the PEG-induced pores to be in the range of 0.1 - 2 μm. Moreover, the mechanical stability of the gels is confirmed with rheometry. Lastly, the presented photoresponsive porous gels exhibit an order of magnitude faster reswelling rate compared to the non-PEG produced control sample
On the relation between the full Kostant-Toda lattice and multiple orthogonal polynomials

The correspondence between a high-order non-symmetric difference operator with complex\ud
coefficients and t h e evolution of an operator defined by a Lax pair is established.\ud
The solution of t h e discrete dynamical system is studied, giving explicit expressions for\ud
the resolvent function and, under some conditions, the representation of the vector of\ud
functionals, associated with the solution for our integrable systems. The method of investigation\ud
is based on t he evolutions of t he matrical moments
Geometries arising from trilinear forms on low-dimensional vector spaces

Let Gk(V) be the k-Grassmannian of a vector space V with dimV=n. Given a hyperplane H of Gk(V), we define in [I. Cardinali, L. Giuzzi, A. Pasini, A geometric approach to alternating k-linear forms, J. Algebraic Combin. doi: 10.1007/s10801-016-0730-6] a point-line subgeometry of PG(V) called the geometry of poles of H. In the present paper, exploiting the classification of alternating trilinear forms in low dimension, we characterize the possible geometries of poles arising for k=3 and n≤7 and propose some new constructions. We also extend a result of [J.Draisma, R. Shaw, Singular lines of trilinear forms, Linear Algebra Appl. doi: 10.1016/j.laa.2010.03.040] regarding the existence of line spreads of PG(5,K) arising from hyperplanes of G3(V)