pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The effects of mothers’ past infant-holding preferences on their adult children’s face processing lateralisation

AbstractFace processing development is negatively affected when infants have not been exposed to faces for some time because of congenital cataract blocking all vision (Le Grand, Mondloch, Maurer, & Brent, 2001). It is not clear, however, whether more subtle differences in face exposure may also have an influence. The present study looked at the effect of the mother’s preferred side of holding an infant, on her adult child’s face processing lateralisation. Adults with a mother who had a left-arm preference for holding infants were compared with adults with a mother who had a right-arm holding preference. All participants were right-handed and had been exclusively bottle-fed during infancy. The participants were presented with two chimeric faces tests, one involving emotion and the other one gender. The left-arm held individuals showed a normal left-bias on the chimeric face tests, whereas the right-arm held individuals a significantly decreased left-bias. The results might suggest that reduced exposure to high quality emotional information on faces in infancy results in diminished right-hemisphere lateralisation for face processing
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Remission Is Linked to Better Neurophysiological Error Detection and Attention-Vigilance Processes

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe processes underlying persistence and remission of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are poorly understood. We examined whether cognitive and neurophysiological impairments on a performance-monitoring task distinguish between ADHD persisters and remitters.MethodsOn average 6 years after initial assessment, 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched control participants were compared on cognitive-performance measures and event-related potentials of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (error-related negativity and positivity) from an arrow flanker task with low-conflict and high-conflict conditions. ADHD outcome was examined with parent-reported symptoms and functional impairment measures using a categorical (DSM-IV) and a dimensional approach.ResultsADHD persisters were impaired compared with controls on all cognitive-performance and event-related potential measures (all p < .05). ADHD remitters differed from persisters and were indistinguishable from control participants on the number of congruent (low-conflict) errors, reaction time variability, error-related negativity, and error-related positivity (all p ≤ .05). Remitters did not differ significantly from the other groups on incongruent (high-conflict) errors, mean reaction time, and N2. In dimensional analyses on all participants with childhood ADHD, ADHD symptoms and functional impairment at follow-up were significantly correlated with congruent errors, reaction time variability, and error-related positivity (r = .19–.23, p ≤ .05).ConclusionsCognitive and neurophysiological measures of attention-vigilance and error detection distinguished ADHD remitters from persisters. These results extend our previous findings with other tasks and indicate that such measures are markers of remission and candidates for the development of nonpharmacological interventions
The perception of gloss: A review

AbstractGloss is a relatively little studied visual property of objects’ surfaces. The earliest recorded scientific reference to gloss appears to have been by Ingersoll in 1921: studies at this time were based on the assumption that gloss could be understood as an inherent physical property of a surface, and the priority was to devise a satisfactory method and scale to measure it reliably. As awareness of the complexity of perception grew, efforts were made to distinguish different types of gloss, although these generally still took the form of a search for objective physical measures to be solved within the visual system by means of inverse optics. It became more widely recognised approximately 20years ago that models of gloss perception based on inverse optics were intractable and failed to explain experimental findings adequately. A temporary decline in the number of published studies followed; however the last decade or so has seen a renewal of interest in the perception of gloss, in an effort to map what is now understood to be a complex interaction of variables including illumination, surface properties and observer. This appears to have been driven by a number of factors, as the study of gloss re-emerged from research into other surface properties such as colour and texture, with technological advances paving the way for new experimental techniques and measurements. This review describes the main strands of research, tracking the changes in approach and theory which have triggered new avenues of research, to the current state of knowledge
Zames–Falb multipliers for absolute stability: From O׳Shea׳s contribution to convex searches

AbstractAbsolute stability attracted much attention in the 1960s. Several stability conditions for loops with slope-restricted nonlinearities were developed. Results such as the Circle Criterion and the Popov Criterion form part of the core curriculum for students of control. Moreover, the equivalence of results obtained by different techniques, specifically Lyapunov and Popov׳s stability theories, led to one of the most important results in control engineering: the KYP Lemma.For Lurye11Also written as Lur׳e or Lurie. systems this work culminated in the class of multipliers proposed by O׳Shea in 1966 and formalized by Zames and Falb in 1968. The superiority of this class was quickly and widely accepted. Nevertheless the result was ahead of its time as graphical techniques were preferred in the absence of readily available computer optimization. Its first systematic use as a stability criterion came 20 years after the initial proposal of the class. A further 20 years have been required to develop a proper understanding of the different techniques that can be used. In this long gestation some significant knowledge has been overlooked or forgotten. Most significantly, O׳Shea׳s contribution and insight is no longer acknowledged; his papers are barely cited despite his original parameterization of the class.This tutorial paper aims to provide a clear and comprehensive introduction to the topic from a user׳s viewpoint. We review the main results: the stability theory, the properties of the multipliers (including their phase properties, phase-equivalence results and the issues associated with causality), and convex searches. For clarity of exposition we restrict our attention to continuous time multipliers for single-input single-output results. Nevertheless we include several recent significant developments by the authors and others. We illustrate all these topics using an example proposed by O׳Shea himself
Digital evidence, ‘absence’ of data and ambiguous patterns of reasoning

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the use of digital data by the Swiss Federal Criminal Court in a recent case of attempted homicide. We use this case to examine drawbacks for the defense when the presentation of scientific evidence is partial, especially when the only perspective mentioned is that of the prosecution. We tackle this discussion at two distinct levels. First, we pursue an essentially non-technical presentation of the topic by drawing parallels between the court's summing up of the case and flawed patterns of reasoning commonly seen in other forensic disciplines, such as DNA and particle traces (e.g., gunshot residues). Then, we propose a formal analysis of the case, using elements of probability and graphical probability models, to justify our main claim that the partial presentation of digital evidence poses a risk to the administration of justice in that it keeps vital information from the defense. We will argue that such practice constitutes a violation of general principles of forensic interpretation as established by forensic science literature and current recommendations by forensic science interest groups (e.g., the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes). Finally, we posit that argument construction and analysis using formal methods can help replace digital evidence appropriately into context and thus support a sound evaluation of the evidence
Accounting for the phenomenology and varieties of auditory verbal hallucination within a predictive processing framework

AbstractTwo challenges that face popular self-monitoring theories (SMTs) of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) are that they cannot account for the auditory phenomenology of AVHs and that they cannot account for their variety. In this paper I show that both challenges can be met by adopting a predictive processing framework (PPF), and by viewing AVHs as arising from abnormalities in predictive processing. I show how, within the PPF, both the auditory phenomenology of AVHs, and three subtypes of AVH, can be accounted for
Neutral pion and η meson production in proton–proton collisions at s=0.9 TeV and s=7 TeV

AbstractThe first measurements of the invariant differential cross sections of inclusive π0 and η meson production at mid-rapidity in proton–proton collisions at s=0.9 TeV and s=7 TeV are reported. The π0 measurement covers the ranges 0.4<pT<7 GeV/c and 0.3<pT<25 GeV/c for these two energies, respectively. The production of η mesons was measured at s=7 TeV in the range 0.4<pT<15 GeV/c. Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD calculations, which are consistent with the π0 spectrum at s=0.9 TeV, overestimate those of π0 and η mesons at s=7 TeV, but agree with the measured η/π0 ratio at s=7 TeV
Long-term Behavior, Accuracy and Drift of LI-200 Pyranometers as Radiation Sensors in Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI)

AbstractRotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI) are frequently used for solar resource assessment at remote sites due to their significantly higher robustness for soiling, their lower power and maintenance requirements and their cheaper acquisition and operation in contrast to pyrheliometer on tracker systems. The primordial lower accuracy of their photodiode sensor, usually a LI-200 pyranometer from LI-COR Inc., is mainly caused by restrictions of their spectral sensitivity and temperature dependence. However accuracy is notably increased by application of corrections to the raw sensor response. Thus, finally a coincidence of DNI measurements from RSIs with high-precision pyrheliometer measurements within 15W/m2 (root mean square deviation for 10min averages) for actual values, less than 3% for daily DNI and within approximately 1.5% of the monthly and annual sum is reached. Within this contribution, the long-term behavior of the LI-COR sensor is examined with regard to the drift of the photodiode sensitivity. This is analyzed from recalibrations of 30 sensors after one to four years and from long-term studies lasting from one to several years. If a significant drift appears, the corresponding uncertainties can be reduced through recalculation of the previous measurement data for the total measurement campaign. Furthermore, studies about the coincidence and deviation of the responses for global, diffuse and direct irradiance of RSI measurements between several individual RSIs and to reference measurements from high-precision thermopiles are presented for different time resolutions
E11, SL(32) and central charges

AbstractWe show that the E11 representation that contains the space–time translation generators also contains the rank two and five totally anti-symmetric representations of A10. By studying the behaviour of these latter A10 representations under SL(32), which we argue is contained in the Cartan involution invariant sub-algebra of E11, we find that the rank two and five totally anti-symmetric representations must be identified with the central charges of the eleven dimensional supersymmetry algebra
Taub–NUT dynamics with a magnetic field

AbstractWe study classical and quantum dynamics on the Euclidean Taub–NUT geometry coupled to an abelian gauge field with self-dual curvature and show that, even though Taub–NUT has neither bounded orbits nor quantum bound states, the magnetic binding via the gauge field produces both. The conserved Runge–Lenz vector of Taub–NUT dynamics survives, in a modified form, in the gauged model and allows for an essentially algebraic computation of classical trajectories and energies of quantum bound states. We also compute scattering cross sections and find a surprising electric–magnetic duality. Finally, we exhibit the dynamical symmetry behind the conserved Runge–Lenz and angular momentum vectors in terms of a twistorial formulation of phase space
Higher spins from non-linear realizations of OSp(1|8)

AbstractWe exhibit surprising relations between higher spin theory and non-linear realizations of the supergroup OSp(1|8), a minimal superconformal extension of N=1, 4D supersymmetry with tensorial charges. We construct a realization of OSp(1|8) on the coset supermanifold OSp(1|8)/SL(4,R) which involves the tensorial superspace R(10|4) and Goldstone superfields given on it. The covariant superfield equation encompassing the component ones for all integer and half-integer massless higher spins amounts to the vanishing of covariant spinor derivatives of the suitable Goldstone superfields, and, via Maurer–Cartan equations, to the vanishing of SL(4,R) supercurvature in odd directions of R(10|4). Aiming at higher spin extension of the Ogievetsky–Sokatchev formulation of N=1 supergravity, we generalize the notion of N=1 chirality and construct first examples of invariant superfield actions involving a non-trivial interaction. Some other potential implications of OSp(1|8) in the proposed setting are briefly outlined
Image quality in CT: From physical measurements to model observers

AbstractEvaluation of image quality (IQ) in Computed Tomography (CT) is important to ensure that diagnostic questions are correctly answered, whilst keeping radiation dose to the patient as low as is reasonably possible. The assessment of individual aspects of IQ is already a key component of routine quality control of medical x-ray devices. These values together with standard dose indicators can be used to give rise to ‘figures of merit’ (FOM) to characterise the dose efficiency of the CT scanners operating in certain modes. The demand for clinically relevant IQ characterisation has naturally increased with the development of CT technology (detectors efficiency, image reconstruction and processing), resulting in the adaptation and evolution of assessment methods. The purpose of this review is to present the spectrum of various methods that have been used to characterise image quality in CT: from objective measurements of physical parameters to clinically task-based approaches (i.e. model observer (MO) approach) including pure human observer approach. When combined together with a dose indicator, a generalised dose efficiency index can be explored in a framework of system and patient dose optimisation. We will focus on the IQ methodologies that are required for dealing with standard reconstruction, but also for iterative reconstruction algorithms. With this concept the previously used FOM will be presented with a proposal to update them in order to make them relevant and up to date with technological progress. The MO that objectively assesses IQ for clinically relevant tasks represents the most promising method in terms of radiologist sensitivity performance and therefore of most relevance in the clinical environment
Free to be me : a survey study on customization with World of Warcraft and City of Heroes/Villains players

While large amounts of resources are put into making games engaging, little is known about the effect of specific game features such as customization. This study is part of a larger research which focuses on the effect of customization on user motivation, enjoyment and engagement. The goals of this exploratory survey study were to investigate the importance of customization on players' enjoyment and motivation to play, and the effectiveness of different forms of customizations on enjoyment and motivation. We also aimed to capture players' reasons for specific game customizations, and investigate differences in gender, player experience in these areas
Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective microbiota-mediated mechanisms was retained. Beneficial health effects must be documented for a substance to be considered a prebiotic. The consensus definition applies also to prebiotics for use by animals, in which microbiota-focused strategies to maintain health and prevent disease is as relevant as for humans. Ultimately, the goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category. To this end, we have reviewed several aspects of prebiotic science including its development, health benefits and legislation
Planck 2015 results: XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts

We present cluster counts and corresponding cosmological constraints from the Planck full mission data set. Our catalogue consists of 439 clusters detected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal down to a signal-to-noise of six, and is more than a factor of two larger than the 2013 Planck cluster cosmology sample. The counts are consistent with those from 2013 and yield compatible constraints under the same modelling assumptions. Taking advantage of the larger catalogue, we extend our analysis to the two-dimensional distribution in redshift and signal-to-noise. We use mass estimates from two recent studies of gravitational lensing of background galaxies by Planck clusters to provide priors on the hydrostatic bias parameter, 1 − b. In addition, we use lensing of cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature fluctuations by Planck clusters as a third independent constraint on this parameter. These various calibrations imply constraints on the present-day amplitude of matter fluctuations in varying degrees of tension with those coming from Planck analysis of primary fluctuations in the CMB; for the lowest estimated values of 1 − b the tension is mild, only a little over one standard deviation, while for the largest estimated value it remains substantial. We also examine constraints on extensions to the base flat ΛCDM model by combining the cluster and CMB constraints. The combination appears to favour non-minimal neutrino masses, but this possibility does little to relieve the overall tension because it simultaneously lowers the implied value of the Hubble parameter, thereby exacerbating the discrepancy with most current astrophysical estimates. Improving the precision of cluster mass calibrations from the current 10%-level to 1% would significantly strengthen these combined analyses and provide a stringent test of the base ΛCDM model
Inclusive search for a vector-like T quark with charge 2/3 in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search is performed for a massive new vector-like quark T, with charge 23, that is pair produced together with its antiparticle in proton-proton collisions. The data were collected by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 at s=8TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb-1. The T quark is assumed to decay into three different final states, bW, tZ, and tH. The search is carried out using events with at least one isolated lepton. No deviations from standard model expectations are observed, and lower limits are set on the T quark mass at 95% confidence level. The lower limit lies between 687 and 782 GeV for all possible values of the branching fractions into the three different final states assuming strong production. These limits are the most stringent constraints to date on the existence of such a quark. © 2014 The Authors.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8 TeV

This paper presents the search for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a single top quark (tHq), using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The search exploits a variety of Higgs boson decay modes resulting in final states with photons, bottom quarks, and multiple charged leptons, including tau leptons, and employs a variety of multivariate techniques to maximize sensitivity to the signal. The analysis is optimized for the opposite sign of the Yukawa coupling to that in the standard model, corresponding to a large enhancement of the signal cross section. In the absence of an excess of candidate signal events over the background predictions, 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limits on anomalous tHq production are set, ranging between 600 (450) fb and 1000 (700) fb depending on the assumed diphoton branching fraction of the Higgs boson. This is the first time that results on anomalous tHq production have been reported.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for supersymmetry in events with a photon, a lepton, and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search for supersymmetry involving events with at least one photon, one electron or muon, and large missing transverse momentum has been performed by the CMS experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 of pp collisions at s=8 TeV, produced at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond expectations from standard model processes. The result of the search is interpreted in the context of a general model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, where the charged and neutral winos are the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particles. Within this model, winos with a mass up to 360 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. Two simplified models inspired by gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking are also examined, and used to derive upper limits on the production cross sections of specific supersymmetric processes.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit