pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Evolution of iron speciation during hydration of C4 AF

International audienceIt is now well accepted and demonstrated that calcium silicate, calcium aluminate and calcium sulfo aluminate (ettringite, AFm) phases exhibit a good capability to fix metals and metalloids. Unfortunately the role of minor phases and especially calcium-ferric aluminate phase, shorthand C(4)AF is not well defined. In other systems like in soils or sediments iron phases play a key role in the fixation of pollutant. In cement sorption isotherms, indicated that various metals can be retained by the C(4)AF hydrated products. Therefore the capabilities of those phase to retain heavy metal should not be neglected. Previous investigations have shown that the minerals formed during the hydration of C(4)AF are similar to those formed from C3A (pure tri-calcium aluminate) under comparable conditions. Nevertheless no investigation was conducted at the molecular level and there is still a controversy whether Fe substitutes for Al in the hydrated minerals in whole or in part, or if it forms FeOOH clusters scattered throughout the matrix. In this context we have conducted XAS experiments using synchrotron radiation. It was found that the hydration of C(4)AF forms C(3)AH(6) (hydrogarnet) in which Fe randomly substitutes for Al as well as an amorphous FeOOH phase. Intermediate products like AFm (i.e., an ill organized lamellar phase) are also formed but rapidly evolve to C(3)AH(6); iron does not seem to be incorporated in the AFm structure
Randomly organized and self-assembled Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanodots elaborated by sol-gel and pulsed laser deposition routes

International audienceThis work reports for the first time on the elaboration, by both chemical (sol-gel) and physical (pulsed laser deposition) routes, of lead-free ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanodots deposited on bare c-sapphire single crystal substrates presenting a 5° miscut angle along the [110] direction. Prior to any deposition, the sapphire substrates were treated at 1350 °C, during 24 h in air, in order to increase the height of the surface steps, reaching by this way ~8 nm. The experimental parameters adjusted for the growth of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 dots were the concentration of sols and the number of laser pulses (50 and 100) for the sol-gel and pulsed laser deposition routes, respectively. Whereas the sol-gel route leads to randomly organized Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanodots in respect to the surface steps, the pulsed laser deposition route provokes the self-assembly for some important proportion of these dots along the same surface steps. Despite the lack of organization for the sol-gel dots, the latter present a much more regular distribution in size (~100 and ~10-20 nm as an average lateral dimensions and height, respectively) compared to dots deposited by laser ablation, where three different populations of grains can be observed. In each case, the dots do not seem to be epitaxially grown
Buffered high charge spectrally-peaked proton beams in the relativistic-transparency regime

International audienceSpectrally-peaked proton beams of high charge (Ep ≈ 8 MeV, ΔE ≈ 4 MeV, N ≈ 50 nC) have been observed from the interaction of an intense laser ( >10^19 W cm−2) with ultrathin CH foils, as measured by spectrally-resolved full beam profiles. These beams are reproducibly generated for foil thicknesses 5–100 nm, and exhibit narrowing divergence with decreasing target thickness down to ≈8° for 5 nm. Simulations demonstrate that the narrow energy spread feature is a result of buffered acceleration of protons. The radiation pressure at the front of the target results in asymmetric sheath fields which permeate throughout the target, causing preferential forward acceleration. Due to their higher charge-to-mass ratio, the protons outrun a carbon plasma driven in the relativistic transparency regime
Feature of dislocation channeling in neutron-irradiated V-Cr-Ti alloys

Post-irradiation annealing experiments were used to study the recovery of
microstructure and mechanical properties in V-Cr-Ti and V-Fe-Ti alloys
irradiated at 228°C to 4dpa. After 500°C post irradiation annealing, dislocation
channeling occurred at deformed area in tensile specimens and significant loss
of ductility resulted. For post irradiation annealing above 600°C, recovery of
damage structure and tensile properties occurred and irradiation hardening
completely disappeared in V-3Fe-4Ti-0.1Si. Clear dislocation channels can be
seen mainly in deformed areas of specimens showing significant loss of ductility,
however, a pile-up of dislocations in channels was observed at a grain boundary
where the channel did not penetrate into the adjacent grain. It is assumed that
3
defect clusters were absorbed by mobile dislocations and no debris or segments
of defect clusters were left in clear channels of bcc metals and alloys under
post-irradiation deformation
Some Plausible Constructions of Double-Block-Length Hash Functions

In this article, it is discussed how to construct a compression
	function with 2n-bit output using a component function with n-bit
	output. The component function is either a smaller compression function
	or a block cipher. Some constructions are presented which compose
	collision-resistant hash functions: Any collision-finding attack on them is
	at most as efficient as the birthday attack in the random oracle model
	or in the ideal cipher model. A new security notion is also introduced,
	which we call indistinguishability in the iteration, with a construction
	satisfying the notion
The use of microelectrodes with AGNES

Absence of gradients and nernstian equilibrium stripping (AGNES) is a new electroanalytical technique designed to determine free heavy metal ion concentrations in solutions. AGNES had been applied, up to date, with conventional equipment such as the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Due to their much smaller volume, microelectrodes can reach a given preconcentration factor within a much shorter deposition time, so their use for AGNES has been evaluated in this work. For the particular case of the mercury microelectrode deposited onto an Ir disk (radius around 5 μm), AGNES has been successfully used for speciation purposes in the system Pb + PDCA (pyridinedicarboxylic acid). However, due to a relatively large capacitive current, which decays slowly, the limit of quantification for such microelectrodes has only been reduced by one half with respect to that of the HMDE
Hidden beauty molecules within the local hidden gauge approach and heavy quark spin symmetry

Using a coupled channel unitary approach, combining the heavy quark spin symmetry and the dynamics of the local hidden gauge, we investigate the meson-meson interaction with hidden beauty and obtain several new states. Both I = 0 and I = 1 states are analyzed, and it is shown that in the I = 1 sector, the interactions are too weak to create any bound states within our framework. In total, we predict with confidence the existence of six bound states and six more possible weakly bound states. The existence of these weakly bound states depends on the influence of the coupled channel effects
Reproduction, Fat Metabolism, and Life Span: What Is the Connection?

Reduced reproduction is associated with increased fat storage and prolonged life span in multiple organisms, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Recent studies in several species provide evidence that reproduction, fat metabolism, and longevity are directly coupled. For instance, germline removal in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans promotes longevity in part by modulating lipid metabolism through effects on fatty acid desaturation, lipolysis, and autophagy. Here, we review these recent studies and discuss the mechanisms by which reproduction modulates fat metabolism and life span. Elucidating the relationship between these processes could contribute to our understanding of age-related diseases including metabolic disorders
The WULCA consensus characterization model for water scarcity footprints: assessing impacts of water consumption based on available water remaining (AWARE)

Purpose\ud
\ud
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been used to assess freshwater-related impacts according to a new water footprint framework formalized in the ISO 14046 standard. To date, no consensus-based approach exists for applying this standard and results are not always comparable when different scarcity or stress indicators are used for characterization of impacts. This paper presents the outcome of a 2-year consensus building process by the Water Use in Life Cycle Assessment (WULCA), a working group of the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, on a water scarcity midpoint method for use in LCA and for water scarcity footprint \ud
assessments.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
\ud
In the previous work, the question to be answered was identified and different expert workshops around the world led to three different proposals. After eliminating one proposal showing low relevance for the question to be answered, the remaining two were evaluated against four criteria: stakeholder acceptance, robustness with closed basins, main normative choice, and physical meaning.\ud
\ud
Results and discussion\ud
\ud
The recommended method, AWARE, is based on the quantification of the relative available water remaining per area once the demand of humans and aquatic ecosystems has been met, answering the question “What is the potential to deprive another user (human or ecosystem) when consuming water in this area?” The resulting characterization factor (CF) ranges between 0.1 and 100 and can be used to calculate water scarcity footprints as defined in the ISO standard.\ud
\ud
Conclusions\ud
\ud
After 8 years of development on water use impact assessment methods, and 2 years of consensus building, this method represents the state of the art of the current knowledge on how to assess potential impacts from water use in LCA, assessing both human and ecosystem users’ potential deprivation, at the midpoint level, and provides a consensus-based methodology for the calculation of a water scarcity footprint as per ISO 14046
Spatial temperature profiling by semi-passive RFID loggers for perishable food transportation

Perishable food products are at risk of suffering various damages along the cold chain. The
 parties involved should control and monitor the conditions of goods in order to ensure their
 quality for consumers and to comply with all legal requirements. Among environmental
 parameters during transport, temperature is the most important in prolonging the shelf life
 of the products. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an emergent technology that has
 proven its suitability for tracking and tracing in logistics. This paper shows how miniaturized
 RFID temperature loggers can be adapted to analyze the amount of local deviations,
 detect temperature gradients, and estimate the minimum number of sensors that are necessary
 for reliable monitoring inside a truck or container. These devices are useful tools for
 improving the control during the transport chain and detecting weaknesses by identifying
 specific problem areas where corrective actions are necessitated. In a first step, the RFID
 tags were tested by studying the temperature distribution in a pallet. Then, 15 shipments
 from a wholesale company in Germany in compartmented trucks were monitored, covering
 different temperature range conditions. During transport, several temperature differences
 were found in the same compartment. Using a factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the
 influence of different factors has been studied, such as: the location of the logger, type of
 truck, and external temperature. The shelf life, or keeping quality model, was applied to the
 recorded temperature profiles. Suggestions for future research areas are also discussed
A hybrid approach to the study of CPFR implementation enablers

Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) is one of the most important, but also one of the most difficult collaborative strategies in supply chain management. CPFR has been well documented in past research as providing significant benefit to those that implement it well. It has also been noted that CPFR take up has been significantly lower than initially expected. The main reason for this slow up take is the general recognition that successful implementation of CPFR is not a trivial task and the fact that it inflicts dramatic changes to the ‘usual’ way of doing business. Based on the premise that CPFR has significant positive potential for supply chain collaboration, the motivation of this paper is to review CPFR enablers and to develop a model which addresses the most significant ones. To complete this task a hybrid modeling approach integrating fuzzy extended analytical hierarchy process (FEAHP) and interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is proposed. The model developed is based on an identified gap by the automotive sector and embeds expert opinion, from two separate industrial groups in the automotive sector through the use of workshops. Although potential success factors for CPFR implementation can vary across somewhat between differing supply chains, the results maintain wider general applicability due to the many common issues across sectors. The paper highlights the need for decision makers to be aware of the most influential enablers prior to a CPFR implementation project and to understand the relationships between these enablers
The Effect That Project Management Certification Has on Employability: Agent's Perceptions from Spain

This study analyses the effects that the project management certification has on employability. This analysis started with a participative process in which various groups of experts who are involved in the certification of people were consulted. A personal interview was carried out amongst 106 professionals —certifying bodies, training institutions, the civil service, and international organisations— and amongst professional who are certified in project management by the International Project Management Association in Spain. The results show that the certification emerges as a powerful tool for improving employability. The effects are demonstrated across two complementary aspects: internal company aspects and external aspects relating to the labour market. Finally, by compiling the different agents’ opinions, a series of measures emerge for improving the accreditation processes as an employability tool and increasing the mutual learning between public and private actors
Understanding phosphorus diffusion into silicon in a MOVPE environment for III-V on silicon solar cells

Dual-junction solar cells formed by a GaAsP or GaInP top cell and a silicon bottom cell seem to be attractive candidates to materialize the long sought-for integration of III?V materials on silicon for photovoltaic applications. When manufacturing a multi-junction solar cell on silicon, one of the first processes to be addressed is the development of the bottom subcell and, in particular, the formation of its emitter. In this study, we analyze, both experimentally and by simulations, the formation of the emitter as a result of phosphorus diffusion that takes place during the first stages of the epitaxial growth of the solar cell. Different conditions for the Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) process have been evaluated to understand the impact of each parameter, namely, temperature, phosphine partial pressure, time exposure and memory effects in the final diffusion profiles obtained. A model based on SSupremIV process simulator has been developed and validated against experimental profiles measured by ECV and SIMS to calculate P diffusion profiles in silicon formed in a MOVPE environment taking in consideration all these factors
Comparative RNAi screening identifies a conserved core metazoan actinome by phenotype

Although a large number of actin-binding proteins and their regulators have been identified through classical approaches, gaps in our knowledge remain. Here, we used genome-wide RNA interference as a systematic method to define metazoan actin regulators based on visual phenotype. Using comparative screens in cultured Drosophila and human cells, we generated phenotypic profiles for annotated actin regulators together with proteins bearing predicted actin-binding domains. These phenotypic clusters for the known metazoan "actinome" were used to identify putative new core actin regulators, together with a number of genes with conserved but poorly studied roles in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, several of which we studied in detail. This work suggests that although our search for new components of the core actin machinery is nearing saturation, regulation at the level of nuclear actin export, RNA splicing, ubiquitination, and other upstream processes remains an important but unexplored frontier of actin biology
Assembling Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units by Click Chemistry. Study of Multicorannulene Systems as Host for Fullerenes

Producción CientíficaNovel compounds with two or three corannulene subunits have been obtained by “click chemistry”. These exotic systems were synthesized in high yields using the ethynylcorannulene as common reagent. The synergistic action as receptors for fullerenes of several corannulene blocks has been evaluated. It was found that the three-armed derivatives showed efficient complexation abilities toward C60. Furthermore, a new compound having two corannulene subunits linked to a hexahelicene scaffold has a remarkable affinity constant. Finally, theoretical calculations have been performed to evaluate the formation of their relative adducts containing a C60 molecule.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Projects 258 CTQ2013-41067-P and CTQ2011-23862-C02
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs

Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 ± 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 ± 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 ± 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 ± 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 ± 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn\u27s disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders
Geometrical Specification Model for Gear - Expression, Metrology and Analysis

To ensure the gear precision, industries need a coherent model to express, to analyse and to check geometrical specifications. Most gear tolerance representations are directly driven by the convenience of dimensional metrology and not by the convenience of the set of activities of the tolerancing process.
Therefore, to ensure the coherence of all tolerancing process activities, there is a necessity to develop a complete gear tolerance model which should: represent standard tolerance practices; be integrated in the Computer-Aided systems of design, manufacturing and metrology; be controlled by CMM; and support automated tolerance analysis. The proposed model extends capabilities of a vectorial dimensioning & tolerancing model in order to satisfy the four requirements. This model is based on GeoSpelling [1]. Its coherence is illustrated by two applications: gear tolerance analysis and gear tolerance verification by CMM
Working with 'necessary contradictions': a social realist meta-analysis of an academic development programme review

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Higher Education Research & Development on 16 May 2012, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/07294360.2011.631518.This article addresses the problem of making programme evaluation sufﬁciently meaningful and cognisant of context such that practitioners, in this case of academic development, can gain new understandings of their situation in order to improve their practice. In order to do this, the paper uses Archer's morphogenetic framework to deepen the methodology of academic review on an academic development programme. The theory enables a richer understanding of how the programme developed within particular national and institutional situational logics and of the relationships between structure, culture and agency
General properties of holographic entanglement entropy

The Ryu-Takayanagi formula implies many general properties of entanglement
entropies in holographic theories. We review the known properties, such as
continuity, strong subadditivity, and monogamy of mutual information, and fill
in gaps in some of the previously-published proofs. We also add a few new
properties, including: properties of the map from boundary regions to bulk
regions implied by the RT formula, such as monotonicity; conditions under which
subadditivity-type inequalities are saturated; and an inequality concerning
reflection-symmetric states. We attempt to draw lessons from these properties
about the structure of the reduced density matrix in holographic theories.Comment: 27 page
Spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking for systems of noncommutative Euclidean
  Lie algebraic type

We propose a noncommutative version of the Euclidean Lie algebra $E_2$.
Several types of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems expressed in terms of
generic combinations of the generators of this algebra are investigated. Using
the breakdown of the explicitly constructed Dyson maps as a criterium, we
identify the domains in the parameter space in which the Hamiltonians have real
energy spectra and determine the exceptional points signifying the crossover
into the different types of spontaneously broken PT-symmetric regions with
pairs of complex conjugate eigenvalues. We find exceptional points which remain
invariant under the deformation as well as exceptional points becoming
dependent on the deformation parameter of the algebra.Comment: 7 page