pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Note on a reformulation of the strong cosmic censor conjecture based on computability

AbstractIn this Letter we provide a reformulation of the strong cosmic censor conjecture taking into account recent results on Malament–Hogarth space–times. We claim that the strong version of the cosmic censor conjecture can be formulated by postulating that a physically reasonable space–time is either globally hyperbolic or possesses the Malament–Hogarth property. But it is known that a Malament–Hogarth space–time in principle is capable for performing non-Turing computations such as checking consistency of ZFC set theory. In this way we get an intimate conjectured link between the cosmic censorship scenario and computability theory
Supersymmetric B−L inflation near the conformal coupling

AbstractWe investigate a novel scenario of cosmological inflation in a gauged B−L extended minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with R-symmetry. We use a noncanonical Kähler potential and a superpotential, both preserving the R-symmetry to construct a model of slow-roll inflation. The model is controlled by two real parameters: the nonminimal coupling ξ that originates from the Kähler potential, and the breaking scale v of the U(1)B−L symmetry. We compute the spectrum of the cosmological microwave background radiation and show that the prediction of the model fits well the recent Planck satellite observation for a wide range of the parameter space. We also find that the typical reheating temperature of the model is low enough to avoid the gravitino problem but nevertheless allows sufficient production of the baryon asymmetry if we take into account the effect of resonance enhancement. The model is free from cosmic strings that impose stringent constraints on generic U(1)B−L based scenarios, as in our scenario the U(1)B−L symmetry is broken from the onset
Dyson–Schwinger study of chiral density waves in QCD

AbstractThe formation of inhomogeneous chiral condensates in QCD matter at nonzero density and temperature is investigated for the first time with Dyson–Schwinger equations. We consider two massless quark flavors in a so-called chiral density wave, where scalar and pseudoscalar quark condensates vary sinusoidally along one spatial dimension. We find that the inhomogeneous region covers the major part of the spinodal region of the first-order phase transition which is present when the analysis is restricted to homogeneous phases. The triple point where the inhomogeneous phase meets the homogeneous phases with broken and restored chiral symmetry, respectively, coincides, within numerical accuracy, with the critical point of the homogeneous calculation. At zero temperature, the inhomogeneous phase seems to extend to arbitrarily high chemical potentials, as long as pairing effects are not taken into account
Search for new resonances in Wγ and Zγ final states in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter presents a search for new resonances decaying to final states with a vector boson produced in association with a high transverse momentum photon, Vγ, with V=W(→ℓν) or Z(→ℓ+ℓ−), where ℓ=e or μ. The measurements use 20.3 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. No deviations from the Standard Model expectations are found, and production cross section limits are set at 95% confidence level. Masses of the hypothetical aT and ωT states of a benchmark Low Scale Technicolor model are excluded in the ranges [275,960] GeV and [200,700]∪[750,890] GeV, respectively. Limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a singlet scalar resonance decaying to Zγ final states have also been obtained for masses below 1180 GeV
Optical transition rates of a meso-substituted thiacarbocyanine in methanol-in-oil reverse micelles

We report the photophysical properties of 3,3′-diethyl-5,5′-dichloro-9-phenylthiacarbocyanine (DDPT) in methanol-in-oil (m/o) reverse micellar systems which form methanol droplets stabilized with anionic surfactant aerosol-OT (AOT) in n-heptane. The fluorescence quantum yield of DDPT is enhanced by a factor of 17 in the methanol droplet in comparison with bulk methanol. The fluorescence lifetimes of DDPT in m/o reverse micelles are prolonged up to 2.2 ns with increasing molar ratio of methanol to surfactant (w0=[MeOH]/[AOT]), whereas the fluorescence lifetime of DDPT in bulk methanol is 75 ps. The non-radiative rate constants of DDPT in the droplets are decreased by a factor of 40, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in quantum yields, indicating that internal motions of DDPT in the droplets are significantly reduced due to strong electrostatic interactions between the positively charged DDPT and the negatively charged sulfonate head-groups of AOT and the spatial confinement induced by the reverse micellar structure.TBAG-193
The observational evidence for horizons: from echoes to precision
  gravitational-wave physics

The existence of black holes and of spacetime singularities is a fundamental
issue in science. Despite this, observations supporting their existence are
scarce, and their interpretation unclear. We overview how strong a case for
black holes has been made in the last few decades, and how well observations
adjust to this paradigm. Unsurprisingly, we conclude that observational
evidence for black holes is impossible to come by. However, just like Popper's
black swan, alternatives can be ruled out or confirmed to exist with a single
observation. These observations are within reach. In the next few years and
decades, we will enter the era of precision gravitational-wave physics with
more sensitive detectors. Just as accelerators require larger and larger
energies to probe smaller and smaller scales, more sensitive gravitational-wave
detectors will be probing regions closer and closer to the horizon, potentially
reaching Planck scales and beyond. What may be there, lurking?Comment: Expanded version of a "Perspectives" article submitted to Nature
  Astronomy arXiv:1709.01525; v3: minor improvements and references adde
Proton Irradiation of CdTe Thin Film Photovoltaics Deposited on Cerium-Doped Space Glass

Space photovoltaics is dominated by multi-junction (III-V) technology. However, emerging\ud
applications will require solar arrays with; high specific power (kW/kg), flexibility in\ud
stowage and deployment and a significantly lower cost than the current III-V technology\ud
offers. This research demonstrates direct deposition of thin film CdTe onto the radiation-hard\ud
cover glass that is normally laminated to any solar cell deployed in space. Four CdTe\ud
samples, with 9 defined contact device areas of 0.25 cm2, were irradiated with protons of 0.5\ud
MeV energy and varying fluences. At the lowest fluence, 1×1012 cm-2, the relative efficiency\ud
of the solar cells was 95%. Increasing the proton fluence to 1×1013 cm-2 and then 1×1014 cm-2\ud
decreased the solar cell efficiency to 82% and 4% respectively. At the fluence of 1×1013 cm-2,\ud
carrier concentration was reduced by an order of magnitude. Solar Cell Capacitance\ud
Simulator (SCAPS) modelling obtained a good fit from a reduction in shallow acceptor\ud
concentration with no change in the deep trap defect concentration. The more highly\ud
irradiated devices resulted in a buried junction characteristic of the external quantum\ud
efficiency, indicating further deterioration of the acceptor doping. This is explained by\ud
compensation from interstitial H+ formed by the proton absorption. An anneal of the 1×1014\ud
cm-2 fluence devices gave an efficiency increase from 4% to 73% of the pre-irradiated levels,\ud
indicating that the compensation was reversible. CdTe with its rapid recovery through\ud
annealing, demonstrates a radiation hardness to protons that is far superior to conventional\ud
multi-junction III-V solar cells
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV in the single-lepton final state using the sum of masses of large-radius jets

Results are reported from a search for supersymmetric particles in proton-proton collisions in the final state with a single, high transverse momentum lepton; multiple jets, including at least one b-tagged jet; and large missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb−1 at s√=13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search focuses on processes leading to high jet multiplicities, such as gluino pair production with g~→tt¯χ~01. The quantity MJ, defined as the sum of the masses of the large-radius jets in the event, is used in conjunction with other kinematic variables to provide discrimination between signal and background and as a key part of the background estimation method. The observed event yields in the signal regions in data are consistent with those expected for standard model backgrounds, estimated from control regions in data. Exclusion limits are obtained for a simplified model corresponding to gluino pair production with three-body decays into top quarks and neutralinos. Gluinos with a mass below 1600 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for scenarios with low χ~01 mass, and neutralinos with a mass below 800 GeV are excluded for a gluino mass of about 1300 GeV. For models with two-body gluino decays producing on-shell top squarks, the excluded region is only weakly sensitive to the top squark mass
Investment Basics XLIV: Review of African stock markets

African stock markets have rapidly increased in number since 1989. This rapid increase came with the efforts to privatise state-owned enterprises. African markets are still young and segmented and lack contagion with global emerging markets. Expected returns are quite
high on African stock markets making them attractive to international investors. However, African markets are also characterised by poor liquidity and market inefficiency. This, coupled with unfavourable laws and regulations, political instability, foreign exchange and convertibility risk, taxation, limited share acquisitions and restrictions on foreign portfolio investment have constrained the growth of these markets. Relaxing or eliminating investment restrictions will promote foreign portfolio investments resulting in improved liquidity and efficiency. This will give African stock markets increased growth potential and enhance their role in economic growth.
Pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in proton-lead
  collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 5.02 and 8.16 TeV

The pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in proton-lead collisions
at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 5.02 and
8.16 TeV are presented. The measurements are based on data samples collected by
the CMS experiment at the LHC. The number of primary charged hadrons produced
in non-single-diffractive proton-lead collisions is determined in the
pseudorapidity range $|\eta_\mathrm{lab}| <$ 2.4. The charged-hadron
multiplicity distributions are compared to the predictions from theoretical
calculations and Monte Carlo event generators. In the center-of-mass
pseudorapidity range $|\eta_\mathrm{cm}| < 0.5$, the average charged-hadron
multiplicity densities
$<\mathrm{d}N_{\mathrm{ch}}/\mathrm{d}\eta_{\mathrm{cm}}>$$\vert_{|\eta_{\mathrm{cm}}|
< 0.5}$ are 17.31 $\pm$ 0.01 (stat) $\pm$ 0.59 (syst) and 20.10 $\pm$ 0.01
(stat) $\pm$ 0.85 (syst) at $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 5.02 and 8.16 TeV,
respectively. The particle densities per participant nucleon are compared to
similar measurements in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus
collisions.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIN-16-021
  (CMS Public Pages
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H -> ZZ((*)) -> 4l with 4.8 fb(-1) of pp collision data at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

This Letter presents a search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel View the MathML sourceH→ZZ(⁎)→ℓ+ℓ−ℓ′+ℓ′−, where ℓ,ℓ′=eℓ,ℓ′=e or μ  , using proton–proton collisions at View the MathML sources=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb−1. The four-lepton invariant mass distribution is compared with Standard Model background expectations to derive upper limits on the cross section of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass between 110 GeV and 600 GeV. The mass ranges 134–156 GeV, 182–233 GeV, 256–265 GeV and 268–415 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level. The largest upward deviations from the background-only hypothesis are observed for Higgs boson masses of 125 GeV, 244 GeV and 500 GeV with local significances of 2.1, 2.2 and 2.1 standard deviations, respectively. Once the look-elsewhere effect is considered, none of these excesses are significant.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A further study on the linear complexity of new binary cyclotomic
  sequence of length $p^r$

Recently, a conjecture on the linear complexity of a new class of generalized
cyclotomic binary sequences of period $p^r$ was proposed by Z. Xiao et al.
(Des. Codes Cryptogr., DOI 10.1007/s10623-017-0408-7). Later, for the case $f$
being the form $2^r$ with $r\ge 1$, Vladimir Edemskiy proved the conjecture
(arXiv:1712.03947). In this paper, under the assumption of $2^{p-1} \not\equiv
1 \bmod p^2$ and $\gcd(\frac{p-1}{{\rm {ord}}_{p}(2)},f)=1$, the conjecture
proposed by Z. Xiao et al. is proved for a general $f$ by using the Euler
quotient. Actually, a generic construction of $p^r$-periodic binary sequence
based on the generalized cyclotomy is introduced in this paper, which admits a
flexible support set and includes Xiao's construction as a special case, and
then an efficient method to compute the linear complexity of the sequence by
the generic construction is presented, based on which the conjecture proposed
by Z. Xiao et al. could be easily proved under the aforementioned assumption
The parkinsonian neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl\ud
pyridinium (MPP+), affects voltage activated calcium\ud
channels in DRG neurons

Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes\ud
parkinsonian syndromes in human and animals, which is featured by hypoactivity\ud
of dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter system resulting from degeneration of\ud
dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region of the\ud
brain. NMDA receptor-mediated cell death, altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis,\ud
and functional run-down of ligand-gated (GABAA) channels of dopaminergic cells\ud
are some propositions that point to an active involvement of membrane\ud
depolarization as an initial event in MPTP-neurotoxicity. In the present study,\ud
we reported the effects of MPTP and and its active neurotoxic metabolite,\ud
1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) on voltage-activated inward currents of\ud
cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons derived from neonatal rats. Voltageactivated\ud
Ca2+, K+ and Na+ currents were elicited in the whole-cell configuration\ud
of the patch clamp technique, and were isolated using specific internal solutions.\ud
Externally applied MPTP and MPP+ showed opposing effects on the electrical\ud
properties of DRG neurons and only MPP+ showed significant inhibitory effects.\ud
Voltage-activated Ca2+ currents were dose- and time-dependently inhibited by\ud
MPP+, while higher doses of MPP+ evoked an inhibitory effect on the voltagegated\ud
K+ currents. The voltage-activated Na+ currents remained unaltered. The\ud
present study indicates that, MPP+ reduces currents through voltage-gated Ca2+\ud
channels, and this may have direct bearing on the neurotoxicity caused by this\ud
potent neurotoxin
Composition and luminiscence of AllnGaNAN layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

A study of AlInGaN epilayers, grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, was performed using spatially resolved x-ray microanalysis and luminescence spectroscopy in order to investigate competition between the incorporation of In, Al, and Ga as a function of the growth temperature in the 565–660 °C range and the nominal AlN mole fraction. The samples studied have AlN and InN mole fractions in the ranges of 4%–30% and 0%–16%, respectively. Composition measurements show the effect of decreasing temperature to be an increase in the incorporation of InN, accompanied by a small but discernible decrease in the ratio of GaN to AlN mole fractions. The incorporation of In is also shown to be significantly increased by decreasing the Al mole fraction. Optical emission peaks, observed by cathodoluminescence mapping and by photoluminescence, provide further information on the epilayer compositions as a function of substrate temperature, and the dependencies of peak energy and linewidth are plotte
Evaluation of the XRCC1 gene as a phenotypic modifier in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2

BACKGROUND: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers for carriers of mutations in the high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The base excision repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this study, we have evaluated the XRCC1 gene that participates in the BER pathway, as phenotypic modifier of BRCA1 and BRCA2. METHODS: Three common SNPs in the gene, c.-77C>T (rs3213245) p.Arg280His (rs25489) and p.Gln399Arg (rs25487) were analysed in a series of 701 BRCA1 and 576 BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS: An association was observed between p.Arg280His-rs25489 and breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers, with rare homozygotes at increased risk relative to common homozygotes (hazard ratio: 22.3, 95% confidence interval: 14.3-34, P<0.001). This association was further tested in a second series of 4480 BRCA1 and 3016 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION: No evidence of association was found when the larger series was analysed which lead us to conclude that none of the three SNPs are significant modifiers of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers. British Journal of Cancer (2011) 104, 1356-1361. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.91 www.bjcancer.com Published online 22 March 2011 (C) 2011 Cancer Research U
Ecological distribution conflicts as forces for sustainability

Can ecological distribution conflicts turn into forces for sustainability? This overview paper addresses in a systematic conceptual manner the question of why, through whom, how, and when conflicts over the use of the environment may take an active role in shaping transitions toward sustainability. It presents a conceptual framework that schematically maps out the linkages between (a) patterns of (unsustainable) social metabolism, (b) the emergence of ecological distribution conflicts, (c) the rise of environmental justice movements, and (d) their potential contributions for sustainability transitions. The ways how these four processes can influence each other are multi-faceted and often not a foretold story. Yet, ecological distribution conflicts can have an important role for sustainability, because they relentlessly bring to light conflicting values over the environment as well as unsustainable resource uses affecting people and the planet. Environmental justice movements, born out of such conflicts, become key actors in politicizing such unsustainable resource uses, but moreover, they take sometimes also radical actions to stop them. By drawing on creative forms of mobilizations and diverse repertoires of action to effectively reduce unsustainabilities, they can turn from ‘victims’ of environmental injustices into ‘warriors’ for sustainability. But when will improvements in sustainability be lasting? By looking at the overall dynamics between the four processes, we aim to foster a more systematic understanding of the dynamics and roles of ecological distribution conflicts within sustainability processes
Black holes in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity with a string cloud background

We obtain a black hole solution in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet theory for the string cloud model in a five-dimensional spacetime. We analyze the event horizons and naked singularities. Later, we compute the Hawking temperature TH, the specific heat C, the entropy S, and the Helmholtz free energy F of the black hole. The entropy was computed using the Wald formulation. In addition, the quantum correction to the Wald's entropy is considered for the string cloud source. We mainly explore the thermodynamical global and local stability of the system with vanishing or non-vanishing cosmological constant. The global thermodynamic phase structure indicates that the Hawking–Page transition is achieved for this model. Further, we observe that there exist stable black holes with small radii and that these regions are enlarged when choosing small values of the string cloud density and of the Gauss–Bonnet parameter. Besides, the rate of evaporation for these black holes are studied, determining whether the evaporation time is finite or not. Then, we concentrate on the dynamical stability of the system, studying the effective potential for s-waves propagating on the string cloud background.Fil: Herscovich Ramoneda, Estanislao Benito. Universität Paderborn; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Richarte, Martín Gustavo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
A secondary RET mutation in the activation loop conferring resistance to vandetanib

RET融合遺伝子上に生じるアロステリック効果を持つ二次変異 --分子標的治療薬に対するがんの新しい薬剤耐性メカニズムを発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-02-27.Resistance to vandetanib, a type I RET kinase inhibitor, developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CCDC6-RET fusion that initially exhibited a response to treatment. The resistant tumor acquired a secondary mutation resulting in a serine-to-phenylalanine substitution at codon 904 in the activation loop of the RET kinase domain. The S904F mutation confers resistance to vandetanib by increasing the ATP affinity and autophosphorylation activity of RET kinase. A reduced interaction with the drug is also observed in vitro for the S904F mutant by thermal shift assay. A crystal structure of the S904F mutant reveals a small hydrophobic core around F904 likely to enhance basal kinase activity by stabilizing an active conformer. Our findings indicate that missense mutations in the activation loop of the kinase domain are able to increase kinase activity and confer drug resistance through allosteric effects