pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Minimal and maximal elements in two-sided cells of Sn and Robinson–Schensted correspondence

AbstractIn symmetric groups, a two-sided cell is the set of all permutations which are mapped by the Robinson–Schensted correspondence on a pair of tableaux of the same shape. In this article, we show that the set of permutations in a two-sided cell which have a minimal number of inversions is the set of permutations which have a maximal number of inversions in conjugated Young subgroups. We also give an interpretation of these sets with particular tableaux, called reading tableaux. As a corollary, we give the set of elements in a two-sided cell which have a maximal number of inversions
The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring. I. Observational campaign and OB-type spectroscopic binaries

ontext. Massive binaries play a crucial role in the Universe. Knowing the distributions of their orbital parameters is important for a wide range of topics from stellar feedback to binary evolution channels and from the distribution of supernova types to gravitational wave progenitors, yet no direct measurements exist outside the Milky Way. Aims. The Tarantula Massive Binary Monitoring project was designed to help fill this gap by obtaining multi-epoch radial velocity (RV) monitoring of 102 massive binaries in the 30 Doradus region. Methods. In this paper we analyze 32 FLAMES/GIRAFFE observations of 93 O- and 7 B-type binaries. We performed a Fourier analysis and obtained orbital solutions for 82 systems: 51 single-lined (SB1) and 31 double-lined (SB2) spectroscopic binaries. Results. Overall, the binary fraction and orbital properties across the 30 Doradus region are found to be similar to existing Galactic samples. This indicates that within these domains environmental effects are of second order in shaping the properties of massive binary systems. A small difference is found in the distribution of orbital periods, which is slightly flatter (in log space) in 30 Doradus than in the Galaxy, although this may be compatible within error estimates and differences in the fitting methodology. Also, orbital periods in 30 Doradus can be as short as 1.1 d, somewhat shorter than seen in Galactic samples. Equal mass binaries (q> 0.95) in 30 Doradus are all found outside NGC 2070, the central association that surrounds R136a, the very young and massive cluster at 30 Doradus’s core. Most of the differences, albeit small, are compatible with expectations from binary evolution. One outstanding exception, however, is the fact that earlier spectral types (O2–O7) tend to have shorter orbital periods than later spectral types (O9.2–O9.7). Conclusions. Our results point to a relative universality of the incidence rate of massive binaries and their orbital properties in the metallicity range from solar (Z⊙) to about half solar. This provides the first direct constraints on massive binary properties in massive star-forming galaxies at the Universe’s peak of star formation at redshifts z ~ 1 to 2 which are estimated to have Z ~ 0.5 Z⊙
Neutron spectroscopy of 26Mg states: Constraining the stellar neutron source 22Ne(??,n)25Mg

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access funded by SCOAP?? - Sponsoring Consortium for Open Access Publishing in Particle Physics. C. Massimi, et al, 'Neuron spectroscopy of 26Mg states: Constraining the stellar neutron source 22Ne (a,n) 25Mg', Physics Letters B, Vol. 768, first published online 16 February 2017. The version of record is available online at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.02.025 ?? 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B. V.This work reports on accurate, high-resolution measurements of the 25Mg(n,??)26Mg and 25Mg(n,tot) cross sections in the neutron energy range from thermal to about 300 keV, leading to a significantly improved 25Mg(n,??)26Mg parametrization. The relevant resonances for n+25Mg were characterized from a combined R-matrix analysis of the experimental data. This resulted in an unambiguous spin/parity assignment of the corresponding excited states in 26Mg. With this information experimental upper limits of the reaction rates for 22Ne(??,n)25Mg and 22Ne(??,??)26Mg were established, potentially leading to a significantly higher (??,n)/(??,??) ratio than previously evaluated. The impact of these results has been studied for stellar models in the mass range 2 to 25 M???
Numerical simulations of granular dynamics: I. Hard-sphere discrete element method and tests

We present a new particle-based (discrete element) numerical method for the simulation of granular dynamics, with application to motions of particles on small solar system body and planetary surfaces. The method employs the parallel N-body tree code pkdgrav to search for collisions and compute particle trajectories. Collisions are treated as instantaneous point-contact events between rigid spheres. Particle confinement is achieved by combining arbitrary combinations of four provided wall primitives, namely infinite plane, finite disk, infinite cylinder, and finite cylinder, and degenerate cases of these. Various wall movements, including translation, oscillation, and rotation, are supported. We provide full derivations of collision prediction and resolution equations for all geometries and motions. Several tests of the method are described, including a model granular “atmosphere” that achieves correct energy equipartition, and a series of tumbler simulations that show the expected transition from tumbling to centrifuging as a function of rotation rate
Geometries arising from trilinear forms on low-dimensional vector spaces

Let ${\mathcal G}_k(V)$ be the $k$-Grassmannian of a vector space $V$ with
$\dim V=n$. Given a hyperplane $H$ of ${\mathcal G}_k(V)$, we define in [I.
Cardinali, L. Giuzzi, A. Pasini, A geometric approach to alternating $k$-linear
forms, J. Algebraic Combin. doi:10.1007/s10801-016-0730-6] a point-line
subgeometry of ${\mathrm{PG}}(V)$ called the {\it geometry of poles of $H$}. In
the present paper, exploiting the classification of alternating trilinear forms
in low dimension, we characterize the possible geometries of poles arising for
$k=3$ and $n\leq 7$ and propose some new constructions. We also extend a result
of [J.Draisma, R. Shaw, Singular lines of trilinear forms, Linear Algebra Appl.
doi:10.1016/j.laa.2010.03.040] regarding the existence of line spreads of
${\mathrm{PG}}(5,{\mathbb K})$ arising from hyperplanes of ${\mathcal G}_3(V).$Comment: 34 page
Impact of child labor on academic performance: Evidence from the program ‘‘Edúcame Primero Colombia’’

In this study, the effects of different variables of child labor on academic performance are investigated. To
 this end, 3302 children participating in the child labor eradication program ‘‘Edúcame Primero
 Colombia’’ were interviewed. The interview format used for the children’s enrollment into the program
 was a template from which socioeconomic conditions, academic performance, and child labor variables
 were evaluated. The academic performance factor was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process
 (AHP). The data were analyzed through a logistic regression model that took into account children who
 engaged in a type of labor (n = 921). The results showed that labor conditions, the number of weekly
 hours dedicated to work, and the presence of work scheduled in the morning negatively affected the
 academic performance of child laborers. These results show that the relationship between child labor
 and academic performance is based on the conflict between these two activities. These results do not
 indicate a linear and simple relationship associated with the recognition of the presence or absence of
 child labor. This study has implications for the formulation of policies, programs, and interventions for
 preventing, eradicating, and attenuating the negative effects of child labor on the social and educational
 development of children.United States Department of Labor DOL-IL-16574-07 5
Search for the production of dark matter in association with top-quark pairs in the single-lepton final state in proton- proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for particle dark matter produced in association with a pair of top quarks in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. This search requires the presence of one lepton, multiple jets, and large missing transverse energy. No excess of events is found above the SM expectation, and upper limits are derived on the production cross section. Interpreting the findings in the context of a scalar contact interaction between fermionic dark matter particles and top quarks, lower limits on the interaction scale are set. These limits are also interpreted in terms of the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections for the spin-independent scalar operator and they complement direct searches for dark matter particles in the low mass region
Coupled measurements of δ18O and δD of hydration water and salinity of fluid inclusions in gypsum from the Messinian Yesares Member, Sorbas Basin (SE Spain)

Financial support was provided by Clare College Geological Research Fund to N.P. Evans. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n. 339694 (Water Isotopes of Hydrated Minerals) to D.A. Hodell.We studied one cycle (Cycle 6) of gypsum-marl deposition from the Messinian Yesares Member in Sorbas Basin, Spain. The objective was to reconstruct the changing environment of deposition and its relation to astronomically-forced climate change. The δ18O and δD of gypsum hydration water (CaSO4 • 2H2O) and salinity of fluid inclusions were measured in the same samples to test if they record the composition of the mother fluid from which gypsum was precipitated. Water isotopes are highly correlated with fluid inclusion salinity suggesting the hydration water has not exchanged after formation. The relatively low water isotope values and fluid inclusion salinities indicate a significant influence of meteoric water, whereas δ34S, δ18OSO4 and 87Sr/86Sr support a dominant marine origin for the gypsum deposits. The discrepancy between water and elemental isotope signatures can be reconciled if meteoric water dissolved previously deposited marine sulfates supplying calcium and sulfate ions to the basin which maintained gypsum saturation. This recycling process accounts for the marine δ34S, δ18OSO4 and 87Sr/86Sr signatures, whereas the low δ18O and δD values of gypsum hydration water and fluid inclusion salinities reflect the influence of freshwater. The cyclic deposition of gypsum and marl in the Yesares Member has previously been interpreted to reflect changing climate related to Earth's precession cycle. We demonstrate that the δ18O, δD and salinity of the parent brine increased from low values at the base of the cycle to a maximum in the massive gypsum palisade, and decreased again to lower values in the supercones at the top of the cycle. This pattern, together with changes in mineralogy (calcite-dolomite-gypsum), is consistent with a precession-driven change in climate with wettest conditions (summer insolation maxima) associated with the base of the calcium carbonate marls and driest conditions (summer insolation minima) during formation of the gypsum palisade.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Predicting mothers’ decisions to introduce complementary feeding at 6 months : an investigation using an extended theory of planned behaviour

In Australia and other developed countries there is poor adherence to guidelines recommending the introduction of complementary feeding to infants at 6 months of age.\ud
We aimed to investigate, via adopting a theory of planned behaviour framework and incorporating additional normative and demographic influences, mothers’ complementary feeding intentions and behaviour. Participants were 375 primiparas who completed an initial questionnaire (infant age 13±3weeks) that assessed the theory of planned behaviour constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control, as well as group norm and additional maternal and infant variables of mothers’ age, education level, weight status perception, current maternal feeding practices, and infant birth weight. Approximately, 3 months after completion of the main questionnaire, mothers completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed the age in months at which the infant was first introduced to solids. The theory of planned behaviour variables of attitude and subjective norm, along with group norm, predicted intentions, with intention, mothers’ age (older more likely), and weight status perception (overweight less likely) predicting behaviour. Overall, the results highlight the importance of attitudes, normative influences, and individual characteristics in complementary feeding decision-making which should be considered when designing interventions aimed at improving adherence to current maternal feeding guidelines
Ergogenic, psychological, and psychophyiological effects of synchronous music on treadmill running

Music has been shown to exert various ergogenic (i.e., work-enhancing), psychological (e.g., improved mood), and psychophysical (i.e., lowered perceptions of exertion) benefits during physical activity.When movements are performed in synchrony with music, some of the benefits (e.g., work-enhancement) appear to be amplified (see e.g., Karageorghis, Mouzourides, Priest, Sasso, Morrish, & Whalley, 2009).To further develop the train of research on synchronous music and to extend it to elite athletes, the present study utilised a sample of Australian triathletes (N = 11) who were exposed to either self-selected motivational music, a neutral equivalent (in terms of its motivational qualities), or a no-music control during steady-state and exhaustive treadmill running.The measured variables were work output (aerobic endurance), psychological (mood states, feeling states), psychophysical (RPE scale), and physiological (blood lactate, oxygen consumption, metabolic efficiency). Both music conditions, in particular the motivational selection, were found to exert consistent benefits across each dependent measure when compared to the no-music control. Notably, feeling states remained more positive throughout the test in the motivational music condition when compared to the other
conditions. However, the differences in endurance between motivational and neutral music conditions were negligible, indicating that that music's affective/aesthetic qualities are of lesser importance when used synchronously. The present findings also indicate that both music conditions enhanced metabolic efficiency to a degree that implies a practical value at the highest levels of competition. Guidelines will be offered to facilitate the application of synchronous music among elite endurance athletes.
Steady and unsteady free surface flow past a two-dimensional stern

The research examines an influence of a platform shape on free surface waves generated behind a semi-infinite two-dimensional platform moving with a constant speed on a water surface of a finite depth h. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and irrotational; the surface tension effect is neglected. The aim of the research is to find analytically and numerically such platform shape which
minimizes generated waves and reduces wave drug exerting on a moving platform when the Froude number is relatively small, F < 1. It is shown that for certain platform shapes, generated waves can be minimised or even eliminated, at least, within the framework of a linearized theory.
Linearized hydrodynamic equations for a fluid of finite depth are solved analytically by means of the Fourier transform and Wiener–Hopf technique, as well as numerically with the help of boundary integral technique. A weakly nonlinear solution is also obtained for shallow-water approximation within the framework of the forced Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The problem is investigated for steady motion of a platform having a different stern shape. Then the analysis is performed for unsteady motion of a platform having a flat shape. The linearized problem for a water of finite depth is solved by means of the Laplace transform and Wiener–Hopf technique. The linear problem
is formulated by assuming that at the initial instant of time the free surface is slightly perturbed due to the platform submerging onto the depth d ≪ h beneath the free surface. It is shown that the unsteady solution approaches the steady state solution as t → ∞. The dependence of maximum wave perturbation on the fluid depth is found numerically.
In the last Chapter 6 the analysis is extended to steady motion of a flat platform at the interface between two fluids of different density. It is assumed that the lower
layer has a finite depth h, whereas the upper layer is infinite. Results obtained for internal waves on the sharp density interface depend on the density ratio a = ρ1/ρ2
and in the limit a → 0 they coincide with the results obtained for surface waves. The results of this research can help in understanding of the physics of wave
generation past a bluff body (e.g., wide blunt ships) and shed some light on solving an engineering problem of ship building of an optimal shape.
Development of ZnO nanowire based CdTe thin film solar cells.

This work reports on the development of CdTe thin film solar cells grown on ZnO nanowire arrays. The focus was placed on utilising ZnO nanowire arrays as a replacement to the conventional ZnO thin film buffer layer, thereby requiring minimal alteration to the existing solar cell structure. Incorporation of nanowires was found to alter subsequent film growth and processing, with the nanowire dimensions changing device performance significantly. Shorter, ~100 nm, wires were found to produce particularly low device performance of <0.5% whilst longer wires in the range 250–2000 nm were able to produce more functional cells. Working devices of up to 9.5% efficiency were achieved through the production of “embedded tip” nanowire solar cells. Variation of the nanowires length demonstrated that the nanowires were involved in carrier recombination and that this may be the performance limiting factor
The crystal structure of the ligand binding module of axonin-1/TAG-1 suggests a zipper mechanism for neural cell adhesion.

We have determined the crystal structure of the ligand binding fragment of the neural cell adhesion molecule axonin-1/TAG-1 comprising the first four immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The overall structure of axonin-1(Ig1-4) is U-shaped due to contacts between domains 1 and 4 and domains 2 and 3. In the crystals, these molecules are aligned in a string with adjacent molecules oriented in an anti-parallel fashion and their C termini perpendicular to the string. This arrangement suggests that cell adhesion by homophilic axonin-1 interaction occurs by the formation of a linear zipper-like array in which the axonin-1 molecules are alternately provided by the two apposed membranes. In accordance with this model, mutations in a loop critical for the formation of the zipper resulted in the loss of the homophilic binding capacity of axonin-1
Autophagy-mediated antigen processing in CD4(+) T cell tolerance and immunity

Macroautophagy, a homeostatic process that shuttles cytoplasmic constituents into endosomal and lysosomal compartments, has recently been shown to deliver antigens for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Autophagy-mediated antigen processing in thymic epithelial cells has been suggested to be involved in the generation of a self-MHC restricted and self-tolerant CD4(+) T cell repertoire. Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that the up-regulation of autophagy by pattern-recognition receptor signaling represents an innate defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens. Thus, through linking pathogen breakdown with the presentation of pathogen-derived autophagy substrates on MHC class II, autophagy serves a dual function at the interface of the innate and the adaptive immune response
Measurement of Measurement of V 0 production ratios in pp collisions at ps = 0.9 and 7TeV

The $\bar{\Lambda} / \Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda} / K^0_\mathrm{S}$ production ratios are measured by the LHCb detector from $0.3\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions delivered by the LHC at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$\,TeV and $1.8\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7$\,TeV. Both ratios are presented as a function of transverse momentum, $p_\mathrm{T}$, and rapidity, $y$, in the ranges {$0.15 < p_\mathrm{T} < 2.50\,\mathrm{GeV}/c$} and {$2.0<y<4.5$}. Results at the two energies are in good agreement as a function of rapidity loss, $\Delta y = y_\mathrm{beam} - y$, and are consistent with previous measurements. The ratio $\bar{\Lambda} / \Lambda$, measuring the transport of baryon number from the collision into the detector, is smaller in data than predicted in simulation, particularly at high rapidity. The ratio $\bar{\Lambda} / K^0_\mathrm{S}$, measuring the baryon-to-meson suppression in strange quark hadronisation, is significantly larger than expected
Regional Dynamics of Unemployment in Poland - A Convergence Approach

In this paper we approach the regional unemployment dynamics in Poland. Using policy relevant NUTS4 level data for 1999 till 2006 we employ tools typically applied to income convergence analyses to inquire the patterns of unemployment distribution. We apply diverse analytical techniques to seek traces of convergence, including beta and sigma convergence as well as pass-through analysis. 

We demonstrate that it is highly stable over time, while only weak "convergence of clubs" is supported by the data and only for the high unemployment regions. Results suggest no support in favour of beta-type convergence, i.e. convergence of levels. Even controlling for nation-wide labour market outlooks (conditional convergence) does not provide any support to this hypothesis. Further, regions with both very high and very low unemployment show signs of high persistence and low mobility in the national distribution, while the middle ones tend to demonstrate higher mobility and essentially no regional unemployment dierentials persistence. This diagnosis is confirmed by sigma-convergence analysis which indicates no general divergence or convergence patterns. Transitions seem to be slightly more frequent, but at the same time less sustainable for middle range districts, while movements up and down the ladder occur predominantly for the same districts. Findings allow to define the patterns of local labour market dynamics, pointing to dierentiated divergence paths. Importantly, these tendencies prevail despite cohesion policies financing schemes, which allocate relatively more resources to deprived regions.