pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Can We Learn from Aviation: Safety Enhancements in Transport by Achieving Human Orientated Resilient Shipping Environment

AbstractIt is well reported in the literature that more than 80% of shipping accidents are attributed to Human/organisational Error. Maritime community has realised that despite all the increased safety standards and technological developments, accidents are still occurring and the systems are not resilient to errors at various levels. The FP7 SEAHORSE project focuses on safety in marine transport by addressing human and organisational factors through transfer of well proven practices and methodologies from air transport to marine transport in an effective, collaborative and innovative manner. This will be primarily achieved by introducing the principles of resilience engineering in an integrated framework which will result in multi-level resilience that linking individuals, team, multi-party teams and organisations in ship operation that ultimately enhancing shipping safety.This paper presents similarities and gaps between two transport sectors while establishing the principles of transfer of skills, technology from aviation to maritime, which includes but not limited to rules, standard operating procedures, safety culture, just culture and mandatory safety reporting methodologies. The paper further present the feasible areas for transfer, experience gained during the transfer of technology/skills from air to marine while outlining the resilience framework adapted to maritime transport
The extremal index, hitting time statistics and periodicity

AbstractThe extremal index appears as a parameter in Extreme Value Laws for stochastic processes, characterising the clustering of extreme events. We apply this idea in a dynamical systems context to analyse the possible Extreme Value Laws for the stochastic process generated by observations taken along dynamical orbits with respect to various measures. We derive new, easily checkable, conditions which identify Extreme Value Laws with particular extremal indices. In the dynamical context we prove that the extremal index is associated with periodic behaviour. The analogy of these laws in the context of hitting time statistics, as studied in the authors’ previous works on this topic, is explained and exploited extensively allowing us to prove, for the first time, the existence of hitting time statistics for balls around periodic points. Moreover, for very well behaved systems (uniformly expanding) we completely characterise the extremal behaviour by proving that either we have an extremal index less than 1 at periodic points or equal to 1 at any other point. This theory then also applies directly to general stochastic processes, adding both useful tools to identify the extremal index and giving deeper insight into the periodic behaviour it suggests
Exploring Lovelock theory moduli space for Schrödinger solutions

AbstractWe look for Schrödinger solutions in Lovelock gravity in D>4. We span the entire parameter space and determine parametric relations under which the Schrödinger solution exists. We find that in arbitrary dimensions pure Lovelock theories have Schrödinger solutions of arbitrary radius, on a co-dimension one locus in the Lovelock parameter space. This co-dimension one locus contains the subspace over which the Lovelock gravity can be written in the Chern–Simons form. Schrödinger solutions do not exist outside this locus and on this locus they exist for arbitrary dynamical exponent z. This freedom in z is due to the degeneracy in the configuration space. We show that this degeneracy survives certain deformation away from the Lovelock moduli space
Comparative analysis of relevance feedback methods based on two user studies

AbstractRigorous analysis of user interest in web documents is essential for the development of recommender systems. This paper investigates the relationship between the implicit parameters and user explicit rating during their search and reading tasks. The objective of this paper is therefore three-fold: firstly, the paper identifies the implicit parameters which are statistically correlated with the user explicit rating through user study 1. These parameters are used to develop a predictive model which can be used to represent users’ perceived relevance of documents. Secondly, it investigates the reliability and validity of the predictive model by comparing it with eye gaze during a reading task through user study 2. Our findings suggest that there is no significant difference between the predictive model based on implicit indicators and eye gaze within the context examined. Thirdly, we measured the consistency of user explicit rating in both studies and found significant consistency in user explicit rating of document relevance and interest level which further validates the predictive model. We envisage that the results presented in this paper can help to develop recommender and personalised systems for recommending documents to users based on their previous interaction with the system
A Probabilistic Reputation Algorithm for Decentralized Multi-Agent Environments

AbstractThe importance of trust in electronic transactions is well understood. The majority of current trust models consist of a central entity that verifies compliance with the trust requirements, using standardized evaluation methods and criteria. In decentralized environments, the communication scenarios are more complex, and no universally accepted objective requirements or evaluation criteria exist. It should be noted that the situation would get even more complicated when agents are interacting with each other. The goal of this research is to model trust and reputation in decentralized multi-agent systems. To achieve this, we have chosen the Ntropi model, among several other models, as a starting point, The efficiency of the model in such scenarios has been significantly improved by introducing a new probabilistic reputation algorithm for the Ntropi model
Doing diagnosis: Whether and how clinicians use a diagnostic tool of uncertain clinical utility

AbstractDiagnosis is fundamental to the practice of medicine and mastery of it is central to the process of both becoming and practicing as a doctor. We focus on diagnosis as a process, in particular from the perspective of clinicians performing it. We explore how UK clinicians exercise discretion about whether and how to use a diagnostic tool (invasive urodynamic tests – IUT) for which there is, currently, no clear, high-quality evidence. Interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 18 clinicians who had previously completed a survey on their use of IUT. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Participants tended to be polarised in their view of IUT. While many regarded it as a valuable diagnostic tool that they used frequently and thought was important, others reported using it only infrequently, and some were sceptical of its value in the diagnostic process even if they commonly used it. In addition to the anticipated clinical functions (e.g. adding to understanding of the condition, helping determine best treatment) there were additional, more social, functions that IUT could serve, including fitting in with local practice and helping to defend against possible future litigation. We discern two distinct approaches to the practice of diagnosis: one approach means ‘leaving no stone unturned’ and seeking all available evidence, proven or otherwise; while a second means using clinical judgement to say ‘enough is enough’ and thereby avoid exposing patients to possibly unnecessary tests and potentially wasting scarce healthcare resources
Computational Methods for Modification of Metabolic Networks

AbstractIn metabolic engineering, modification of metabolic networks is an important biotechnology and a challenging computational task. In the metabolic network modification, we should modify metabolic networks by newly adding enzymes or/and knocking-out genes to maximize the biomass production with minimum side-effect. In this mini-review, we briefly review constraint-based formalizations for Minimum Reaction Cut (MRC) problem where the minimum set of reactions is deleted so that the target compound becomes non-producible from the view point of the flux balance analysis (FBA), elementary mode (EM), and Boolean models. Minimum Reaction Insertion (MRI) problem where the minimum set of reactions is added so that the target compound newly becomes producible is also explained with a similar formalization approach. The relation between the accuracy of the models and the risk of overfitting is also discussed
Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current in Nf=3 lattice QCD with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action

AbstractThe coefficient cA required for O(a) improvement of the axial current in lattice QCD with Nf=3 flavors of Wilson fermions and the tree-level Symanzik-improved gauge action is determined non-perturbatively. The standard improvement condition using Schrödinger functional boundary conditions is employed at constant physics for a range of couplings relevant for simulations at lattice spacings of ≈0.09 fm and below. We define the improvement condition projected onto the zero topological charge sector of the theory, in order to avoid the problem of possibly insufficient tunneling between topological sectors in our simulations at the smallest bare coupling. An interpolation formula for cA(g02) is provided together with our final results
Non-minimal Wu–Yang monopole

AbstractWe discuss new exact spherically symmetric static solutions to non-minimally extended Einstein–Yang–Mills equations. The obtained solution to the Yang–Mills subsystem is interpreted as a non-minimal Wu–Yang monopole solution. We focus on the analysis of two classes of the exact solutions to the gravitational field equations. Solutions of the first class belong to the Reissner–Nordström type, i.e., they are characterized by horizons and by the singularity at the point of origin. The solutions of the second class are regular ones. The horizons and singularities of a new type, the non-minimal ones, are indicated
Neutron-driven collectivity in light tin isotopes: Proton inelastic scattering from 104Sn

AbstractInelastic scattering cross sections to individual bound excited states of 104Sn were measured at 150 MeV/u beam energy and analyzed to evaluate the contribution of neutron and proton collectivity. State-of-the-art Quasi-Particle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) with the D1M Gogny interaction reproduces the experimental proton collectivity and our inelastic scattering cross sections once used as input for a reaction calculation together with the Jeukenne–Lejeune–Mahaux (JLM) potentials. Experimental inelastic scattering cross section decreases by 40(24)% from 112Sn to 104Sn. The present work shows that (i) proton and neutron collectivities are proportional over a large range of tin isotopes (including 104Sn), as is typical for isoscalar excitations, and (ii) the neutron collectivity dominates. It suggests that the plateau in the mass range A=106–112 displayed by E2 transition probabilities is driven by neutron collectivity
Preconditioning Large Scale Iterative Solution of Ax = b Using a Statistical Method with Application to Matrix-Free Spectral Solution of Helmholtz Equation

AbstractThe problem of preconditioning the linear system Ax = b where no entries of A are known but the matrix-vector product is given in the linear functional form Ax = L(x) is considered. A statistical multiregressor method is proposed whose convergence improves during Krylov iterations. It is shown that this method effectively improves the rate of convergence of the GMRES algorithm. The results are validated by applying the current preconditioner to a pseudo-spectral solution of Helmholtz equation
Subaerial Gravel Size Measurement Using Topographic Data Derived From a UAV-SfM Approach

Fluvial grain size plays a fundamental role in determining the condition and availability of aquatic habitats. Remote sensing provides rapid and objective methods of quantifying fluvial grain size, and typically provide coarse grain size outputs (c. 1m) at the catchment scale (up to 80km channel lengths) or fine resolution outputs (c. 1mm) at the patch scale (c. 1m2). Recently, drone based approaches have started to fill the gap between these scales, providing hyperspatial resolution data (<10cm) over reaches up to a few hundred metres in length. This ‘mesoscale’ is of importance to habitat assessments and is aligned with the ideals of the ‘Riverscape’ concept. Most drone based grain size measurement approaches use textural variables computed from drone orthoimagery. To date however, no published works provide quantitative evidence of the success of this approach, despite significant differences in platform stability and the image quality obtained by manned aircraft versus drones. With interest in drone surveys growing rapidly, such error quantification is essential for making reliable, evidence-based recommendations about the suitability of drones for routine management of fluvial environments. Here we provide an initial assessment of the accuracy and precision of grain size estimates produced using two different drone-based methods; (1) the image textural variable ‘negative entropy’, and; (2) the roughness of point clouds derived from drone imagery processed using structure from motion photogrammetry. Data is collected from a small gravel-bed river in Cumbria, UK. Results from jack knife analyses show that the point cloud roughness method gives more accurate and precise measures of grain size at this site, as indicated by the mean (0.0002m) and standard deviation (0.0184m) of residual errors. However, both methods struggle to provide grain size measures with sub-centimetre precision. We suggest that blur within the drone imagery prevents better precision, resulting from an inadequate camera gimbal
Search for the third-generation scalar leptoquarks and heavy
  right-handed neutrinos in final states with two tau leptons and two jets in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is performed for third-generation scalar leptoquarks and heavy
right-handed neutrinos in events containing one electron or muon, one
hadronically decaying tau lepton, and at least two jets, using a sqrt(s) = 13
TeV pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9
inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016. The
number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model
prediction. A limit is set at 95% confidence level on the product of the
leptoquark pair production cross section and beta squared where beta is the
branching fraction of leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark.
Assuming beta = 1, third-generation leptoquarks with masses below 850 GeV are
excluded at 95% confidence level. An additional search based on the same event
topology involves heavy right-handed neutrinos, N[R], and right-handed W
bosons, W[R] , arising in a left-right symmetric extension of the standard
model. In this search, W[R] bosons are assumed to decay to a tau lepton and
N[R] followed by the decay of the N[R] to a tau lepton and an off-shell W[R]
boson. Assuming the mass of the right-handed neutrino to be half of the mass of
the right-handed W boson, W[R] boson masses below 2.9 TeV are excluded at 95%
confidence level. These results improve on the limits from previous searches
for third-generation leptoquarks and heavy right-handed neutrinos with tau
leptons in the final state.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplemental figures,
  can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-16-02
A new approach for modelling chromospheric evaporation in response to
  enhanced coronal heating: II Non-uniform heating

We proposed that the use of an approximate "jump condition" at the solar
transition region permits fast and accurate numerical solutions of the one
dimensional hydrodynamic equations when the corona undergoes impulsive heating.
In particular, it eliminates the need for the very short timesteps imposed by a
highly resolved numerical grid. This paper presents further examples of the
applicability of the method for cases of non-uniform heating, in particular,
nanoflare trains (uniform in space but non-uniform in time) and spatially
localised impulsive heating, including at the loop apex and base of the
transition region. In all cases the overall behaviour of the coronal density
and temperature shows good agreement with a fully resolved one dimensional
model and is significantly better than the equivalent results from a 1D code
run without using the jump condition but with the same coarse grid. A detailed
assessment of the errors introduced by the jump condition is presented showing
that the causes of discrepancy with the fully resolved code are (i) the neglect
of the terms corresponding to the rate of change of total energy in the
unresolved atmsophere, (ii) mass motions at the base of the transition region
and (iii) for some cases with footpoint heating, an over-estimation of the
radiative losses in the transition region.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in A&
GLEAM :
                    The GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey

?? Astronomical Society of Australia 2015; published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/GLEAM, the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA survey, is a survey of the entire radio sky south of declination +25 deg at frequencies between 72 and 231 MHz, made with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) using a drift scan method that makes efficient use of the MWA's very large field-of-view. We present the observation details, imaging strategies and theoretical sensitivity for GLEAM. The survey ran for two years, the first year using 40 kHz frequency resolution and 0.5 s time resolution; the second year using 10 kHz frequency resolution and 2 s time resolution. The resulting image resolution and sensitivity depends on observing frequency, sky pointing and image weighting scheme. At 154 MHz the image resolution is approximately 2.5 x 2.2/cos(DEC+26.7) arcmin with sensitivity to structures up to ~10 deg in angular size. We provide tables to calculate the expected thermal noise for GLEAM mosaics depending on pointing and frequency and discuss limitations to achieving theoretical noise in Stokes I images. We discuss challenges, and their solutions, that arise for GLEAM including ionospheric effects on source positions and linearly polarised emission, and the instrumental polarisation effects inherent to the MWA's primary beam
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Phytochemical Compounds from Mimosa pudica Linn

The extraction of phytochemicals from Mimosa pudica Linn (MPL) using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) has been studied, and the results are presented in this article. The significant variables affecting this extraction were investigated by design of experiment analysis. The effect of temperature and pressure on phytochemical yields was explored by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total alkaloid compound (TAC). The maximum yield of TPC, TFC, and TAC extracted from MPL was 74.83 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)=g dry MPL, 30.93 mg quercetin equivalent=g dry MPL, and 14.23 mg hyos-cyamine (HE)=g dry MPL, respectively. The work of Chrastil was used to correlate the experimental data. It was found that temperature and pressure greatly affected the yield of phytochemicals, whereas the effect of extraction time on the extraction yield diminished after 2 h. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemicals extracted from MPL was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The SC-CO2 extraction was more selective than Soxhlet extraction based on the HPLC spectra
Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesEUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support mammography for population-based screening, demonstrated to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality and treatment impact. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the reduction in mortality is 40 % for women aged 50-69 years taking up the invitation while the probability of false-positive needle biopsy is <1 % per round and overdiagnosis is only 1-10 % for a 20-year screening. Mortality reduction was also observed for the age groups 40-49 years and 70-74 years, although with "limited evidence". Thus, we firstly recommend biennial screening mammography for average-risk women aged 50-69 years; extension up to 73 or 75 years, biennially, is a second priority, from 40-45 to 49 years, annually, a third priority. Screening with thermography or other optical tools as alternatives to mammography is discouraged. Preference should be given to population screening programmes on a territorial basis, with double reading. Adoption of digital mammography (not film-screen or phosphor-plate computer radiography) is a priority, which also improves sensitivity in dense breasts. Radiologists qualified as screening readers should be involved in programmes. Digital breast tomosynthesis is also set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future. Dedicated pathways for high-risk women offering breast MRI according to national or international guidelines and recommendations are encouraged.• EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support screening mammography. • A first priority is double-reading biennial mammography for women aged 50-69 years. • Extension to 73-75 and from 40-45 to 49 years is also encouraged. • Digital mammography (not film-screen or computer radiography) should be used. • DBT is set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future
Inclusive and differential measurements of the tt charge asymmetry in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

The tt- charge asymmetry is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. Selected events contain an electron or a muon and four or more jets, where at least one jet is identified as originating from b-quark hadronization. The inclusive charge asymmetry is found to be 0.0010±0.0068 (stat)±0.0037 (syst). In addition, differential charge asymmetries as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and invariant mass of the tt- system are studied. For the first time at the LHC, the measurements are also performed in a reduced fiducial phase space of top quark pair production, with an integrated result of -0.0035±0.0072 (stat)±0.0031 (syst). All measurements are consistent within two standard deviations with zero asymmetry as well as with the predictions of the standard model.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit