pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Late Cretaceous – early Eocene counterclockwise rotation of the Fueguian Andes and evolution of the Patagonia-Antarctic Peninsula system

International audienceThe southernmost Andes of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego present a prominent arc-shaped structure: the Patagonian Bend. Whether the bending is a primary curvature or an orocline is still matter of controversy. New paleomagnetic data have been obtained south of the Beagle Channel in 39 out of 61 sites. They have been drilled in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sediments and interbedded volcanics and in mid-Cretaceous to Eocene intrusives of the Fuegian Batholith. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility was measured at each site and the influence of magnetic fabric on the characteristic remanent magnetizations (ChRM) in plutonic rocks was corrected using inverse tensors of anisotropy of remanent magnetizations. Normal polarity secondary magnetizations with west-directed declination were obtained in the sediments and they did not pass the fold test. Thesecharacteristic directions are similar to those recorded by mid Cretaceous intrusivessuggesting a remagnetization event during the normal Cretaceous superchron and describea large (>90°) counterclockwise rotation. Late Cretaceous to Eocene rocks of the FueguianBatholith, record decreasing counterclockwise rotations of 45° to 30°. These paleomagneticresults are interpreted as evidence of a large counterclockwise rotation of the FueguianAndes related to the closure of the Rocas Verdes Basin and the formation of the DarwinCordillera during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene.The tectonic evolution of the Patagonian Bend can thus be described as theformation of a progressive arc from an oroclinal stage during the closure of the RocasVerdes basin to a mainly primary arc during the final stages of deformation of theMagallanes fold and thrust belt. Plate reconstructions show that the Antarctic Peninsulawould have formed a continuous margin with Patagonia between the Early Cretaceous andthe Eocene, and acted as a non-rotational rigid block facilitating the development of thePatagonian Bend
Geochemical modeling of Fe(II) binding to humic and fulvic acids

International audienceThe complexation of Fe(II)with organic matter (OM)and especiallywith humic acids (HAs) remains poorly characterized in the literature. In this study, batch experiments were conducted on a pH range varying from 1.95 to 9.90 to study HA-mediated Fe(II) binding. The results showed that high amounts of Fe(II) are complexed with HAdepending on the pH. Experimental datawere used to determine a new set of binding parameters by coupling PHREEPLOT and PHREEQC-Model VI. The new binding parameters (log KMA = 2.19 ± 0.16, log KMB= 4.46± 0.47 and ΔLK2=3.90 ± 1.30) were validated using the LFER (linear free energy relationship) method and published adsorption data between Fe(II) and Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) (Rose andWaite, 2003). Theywere then put in PHREEQC-Model VI to determine the distribution of Fe(II) onto HA functional groups. It was shown that Fe(II) forms mainly bidentate complexes, some tridentate complexes and only a few monodentate complexes with HA. Moreover, Fe(II) is mainly adsorbed onto carboxylic groups at acidic and neutral pH, whereas carboxy-phenolic and phenolic groups play a major role at basic pH. The major species adsorbed onto HA functional groups is Fe2+; Fe(OH)+ appears at basic pH (frompH 8.13 to 9.9). The occurrence of OMand the resulting HA-mediated binding of Fe(II) can therefore influence Fe(II) speciation and bioavailability in peatlands and wetlands, where seasonal anaerobic conditions prevail. Furthermore, the formation of a cationic bridge and/or the dissolution of Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides by the formation of Fe(II)-OM complexes can influence the speciation of other trace metals and contaminants such as As
Automatic foreground extraction via joint CRF and online learning

International audienceA novel approach is proposed for automatic foreground extraction which aims to segment out all foreground objects from the background in the image. The segmentation problem is formulated as an iterative energy minimisation of the conditional random field (CRF), which can be efficiently optimised by graph-cuts. The energy minimisation is initialised and modulated by a soft location map predicted by a discriminative classifier which is learned on-the-fly from a set of segmented exemplar images. Iteratively minimising the CRF energy leads to optimal segmentation. Experimental results on the Pascal visual object classes (VOC) 2010 segmentation dataset, a widely acknowledged difficult dataset, show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques
On the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dysfluency

International audienceAlthough dysfluent speech is pervasive in spoken conversation , dysfluencies have received little attention within formal theories of dialogue. The majority of work on dysfluent language has come from psy-cholinguistic models of speech production and comprehension (e.g. [10, 3, 1]) and from structural approaches designed to improve performance in speech applications (e.g. [14, 8]). In this paper, we present a detailed formal account which: (a) unifies dysfluencies (self-repair) with Clarification Requests (CRs), without conflating them, (b) offers a precise explication of the roles of all key components of a dysfluency, including editing phrases and filled pauses, (c) accounts for the possibility of self-addressed questions in a dysfluency
Exitomelita sigynae gen. et sp. nov.: a new amphipod from the Arctic Loki Castle vent field with potential gill ectosymbionts

The newly discovered deep-sea hydrothermal
vent field ‘‘Loki’s Castle’’ at 2,350 m depth at 70 N on the
Knipovich Ridge north of the island Jan Mayen is the only
known black smoker field from the Arctic Ridge system.
This vent field holds a unique fauna clearly distinct from
vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of Iceland. In
addition to numerous maldanid and ampharetid polychaetes
one animal of particular interest at this vent site, is a
new genus and species of melitid amphipod. This new
species is found in cracks and crevices on vent chimneys as
well as in areas where diffuse venting is common such as
the base of vent chimneys. Here, we present a formal
morphological description of this new melitid species and
hypothesize about the main form of its nutrition using
stable isotope and molecular data
On the structure and dynamics of sheared and rotating turbulence: Anisotropy properties and geometrical scale-dependent statistics

International audienceThis study is based on a series of nine direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence, in which the rotation ratio f /S of Coriolis parameter to shear rate is varied. The presence of rotation stabilizes the flow, except for a narrow range of rotation ratios 0,f /S,1. The main mechanism for the flow's destabilization is an increased turbulence production due to increased anisotropy. Reynolds stress and the dissipation rate anisotropy tensors have been evaluated and provide a reference for newly defined anisotropy measures. Wavelet-based directional energies capture the properties of velocity gradients. The intermittency of the flow in different directions is quantified with scale-dependent directional flatness. Scale-dependent helicity probability distribution functions allow one to statistically characterize the geometry of the motion at different scales. Small scales are found locally to be predominantly helical, while large scales are not since they tend to two-dimensionalization for cases with growing turbulent kinetic energy. Joint probability distribution functions show that the signs of velocity helicity and vorticity helicity are strongly correlated. This indicates that vorticity helicity tends to diminish velocity helicity. © 2010 American Institute of Physics
Environmental climate instruments in Romania: A comparative approach using dynamic CGE modelling

International audienceThis study simulates a CO2 permit market in Romania using a dynamic general equilibrium model. The carbon constraint is set at 20.7% below the reference emissions level for sectors eligible according to the EU-ETS (European Union Emission Trading Scheme). Free permit distribution enhances growth despite a severe emissions cap, because environmental regulation stimulates structural changes (Porter, 1991). That is, grandfathering allows sectors additional resources to invest in developing technologies, but it also raises the CO2 abatement costs because of energy rebound effects from enhanced growth. Results under endogenous growth (Romer, 1990) are very similar to those obtained under an exogenous growth scenario (Ramsey, 1928), as the substitution effects are responsible for the majority of variations; in addition, Romanian research activities are too modest to significantly impact this system. The abatement cost per unit of GDP is higher under endogenous growth, as spillover effects reduce incentives to invest. Technological diffusion continues to have a positive impact on economic growth, which counterbalances the free-riding attitude adopted by some energy-intensive sectors, such as glass and cement
Biomechanical analysis and modeling of lumbar belt: parametric study

International audienceLow back pain is a major public health problem in European Countries. In France, about 50% of population is suffering of this pathology every year [Fassier, 2011]. Because of health care cost and sick leave [Fassier, 2011], [Leclerc, 2009], low back pain as both societal and economic adverse consequences. Concerning medical devices, such as lumbar belts, several clinical trials have shown their efficiency [Calmels, 1999]. It might be essential to know which parameters are important so as to increase the efficiency of their medical effects on patients. Nevertheless, both mechanical and physiological effects of lumbar belts remain unclear.In this study, a parametrical method is used in order to identify which parameters are more important than others through numerical simulation. This study is indispensable to design lumbar belts
A study on local photometric models and their application to robust tracking

International audienceSince modeling reflections in image processing is a difficult task, most com- puter vision algorithms assume that objects are Lambertian and that no lighting change occurs. Some photometric models can partly answer this issue by assuming that the lighting changes are the same at each point of a small window of interest. Through a study based on specular reflection models, we explicit the assumptions on which these models are implicitly based and the situations in which they could fail. This paper proposes two photometric models, which compensate for spec- ular highlights and lighting variations. They assume that photometric changes vary smoothly on the window of interest. Contrary to classical models, the characteristics of the object surface and the lighting changes can vary in the area being observed. First, we study the validity of these models with re- spect to the acquisition setup: relative locations between the light source, the sensor and the object as well as the roughness of the surface. Then, these models are used to improve feature points tracking by simultaneously estimating the photometric and geometric changes. The proposed methods are compared to well-known tracking methods robust to affine photometric changes. Experimental results on specular objects demonstrate the robust- ness of our approaches to specular highlights and lighting changes
The magneto-hydrodynamic instabilities in rotating and precessing sheared flows: An asymptotic analysis

International audienceLinear magnetohydrodynamic instabilities are studied analytically in the case of unbounded inviscid and electrically conducting flows that are submitted to both rotation and precession with shear in an external magnetic field. For given rotation and precession the possible configurations of the shear and of the magnetic field and their interplay are imposed by the "admissibility" condition (i.e., the base flow must be a solution of the magnetohydrodynamic Euler equations): we show that an "admissible" basic magnetic field must align with the basic absolute vorticity. For these flows with elliptical streamlines due to precession we undertake an analytical stability analysis for the corresponding Floquet system, by using an asymptotic expansion into the small parameter ε (ratio of precession to rotation frequencies) by a method first developed in the magnetoelliptical instabilities study by Lebovitz and Zweibel Astrophys. J. 609 301 (2004). The present stability analysis is performed into a suitable frame that is obtained by a systematic change of variables guided by symmetry and the existence of invariants of motion. The obtained Floquet system depends on three parameters: ε, η (ratio of the cyclotron frequency to the rotation frequency) and χ=cos α, with α being a characteristic angle which, for circular streamlines, ε=0, identifies with the angle between the wave vector and the axis of the solid body rotation. We look at the various (centrifugal or precessional) resonant couplings between the three present modes: hydrodynamical (inertial), magnetic (Alfvén), and mixed (magnetoinertial) modes by computing analytically to leading order in ε the instabilities by estimating their threshold, growth rate, and maximum growth rate and their bandwidths as functions of ε, η, and χ. We show that the subharmonic "magnetic" mode appears only for η>√5/2 and at large η (⪢1) the maximal growth rate of both the "hydrodynamic" and magnetic modes approaches ε/2, while the one of the subharmonic "mixed" mode approaches zero
A Coarse-grained Kinetic Equation for Neutral Particles in Turbulent Fusion Plasmas

International audienceA coarse-grained kinetic equation for neutral particles (atoms, molecules) in magnetized fusion plasmas, valid on time scales large compared to the turbulence correlation time, is presented. This equation includes the effects of plasma density fluctuations, described by Gamma statistics, on the transport of neutral particles. These effects have so far been neglected in plasma edge modeling, in spite of the fact that the amplitude of fluctuations can be of order unity. Density fluctuations are shown to have a marked effect on the screening of neutrals and on the spatial localization of the ionization source, in particular at high density. The coarse-grained equations obtained in this work are readily implemented in edge code suites currently used for fusion plasma analysis and future divertor design (ITER, DEMO)
Low-l CMB analysis and inpainting

International audienceReconstructing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) in the Galactic plane is extremely difficult due to the dominant foreground emissions such as dust, free-free or synchrotron. For cosmological studies, the standard approach consists in masking this area where the reconstruction is insufficient. This leads to difficulties for the statistical analysis of the CMB map, especially at very large scales (to study for instance the low quadrupole, integrated Sachs Wolfe effect, axis of evil, etc.). We investigate how well some inpainting techniques can recover the low-l spherical harmonic coefficients. We introduce three new inpainting techniques based on three different kinds of priors: sparsity, energy, and isotropy, which we compare. We show that sparsity and energy priors can lead to extremely high-quality reconstruction, within 1% of the cosmic variance for a mask with a sky coverage larger than 80%
Himalayan waters at the crossroads: issues and challenges

International audienceThe Hindu Kush Himalayas are called the water towers of Asia as they are the source of 10 major rivers and have the largest snow and ice deposits outside the two poles. Water emanating from the HKH provides food, energy and ecosystem services to up to 1.3 billion people. Climate change and socio-economic and demographic changes have put unprecedented pressure on these water resources, leading to uncertain supplies, increased demands and higher risks of extreme events like floods and droughts. The eight articles in this special issue highlight various dimensions of the Himalayan water resources by focusing on both physical and social science aspects of water management
Geological context of the Boumnyebel talcschists (Cameroun): Inferences on the Pan-African Belt of Central Africa Le contexte géologique des talcschistes de Boumnyebel (Cameroun) : implications pour la chaîne panafricaine d'Afrique centrale

International audienceThe talcschists of the Boumnyebel area (southern Cameroon) form ≤ 30 m thick discontinuous layers within a Pan-African nappe unit (Yaoundé group), which includes, at the base, muscovite + biotite ± garnet micaschists associated with amphibolites and pyroxenites, and, at the top, muscovite + biotite + garnet + kyanite micaschists locally associated with marble and amphibolites. The metamorphic peak (not, vert, similar650 °C/9.5 kbar; ca. 620 Ma) postdates nappe emplacement. Isograds are in normal position, micaschists passing downwards to migmatites in the northwestern part of the area studied. The rock types in the lower part of this nappe suggest active margin environments with detrital input from a nearby continental crust (arc or back-arc context)
Development of electrochemical biosensors by e-beam lithography for medical diagnostics

In this work the fabrication and characterization of boron-doped diamond (BDD) nanoelectrode arrays are discussed. The use of boron-doped diamond electrodes is very attractive due to advantageous properties including high reproducibility, stability, and robustness under extreme conditions, where conventional electrode materials may undergo severe erosion. BDD electrodes have also proved to be very useful because they show an extremely wide potential window in aqueous solutions without oxidation of the electrode itself. This allows electrochemical detection, at tiny background currents, of a number of substances that oxidize at very positive potentials, where other electrodic materials are not suitable. BDD based NEAs were prepared using Si < 100 > substrates coated with a layer of Boron doped diamond as macroelectrode. NEAs were obtained by creating an array of nanoholes by electron beam lithography (EBL) in a thin film of polycarbonate deposited on top of the macroelectrode. This approach leads to the formation of recessed nanoelectrodes. The parameters for using polycarbonate as a novel electron beam resist have been optimized and successfully used for fabrication of NEAs. The most interesting properties of this polymer for nanofabrication purposes are the high lithographic contrast, which allows the creation of structures of dimensions less than 100 nm; chemical stability, which guarantees a long-term use in electrochemical solutions and the possibility of functionalization with biological molecules (DNA and proteins). NEAs have been characterized with cyclic voltammetry and have provided voltammetric signals controlled by pure radial diffusion. The low background current of BDD added to the properties of NEAs indicate that this system can be applied for the development of sensors with high sensitivity. Polycarbonate surface of NEAs was successfully functionalized with small ss-DNA sequence, confirming the possibility of exploiting these systems as diagnostic biosensors
Addition of halogens and interhalogens on palladacyclopentadienyl complexes stabilized by pyridyl−thioether N−S spectator ligands

We have studied from the experimental and theoretical point of view the oxidative addition of halogens (I2 and Br2) and interhalogens (ICl and IBr) on palladiumcyclopentadienyl complexes bearing heteroditopic pyridylthioether spectator ligands.\ud
Addition of I2 or of a stoichiometric amount of Br2 to a CDCl3 solution of the starting palladacyclopentadienyl complexes yields the expected palladiumsbutadienyl derivatives. The bromide derivative in the presence of a further excess of Br2 gives the wanted dibromo(E, E)sbutadienyl and the pyridylthioether palladium(II) dibromide species. The rates of these reactions have been determined. When the interhalogens are used as oxidizing agents the thermodynamically hampered species is\ud
formed at first. Only in the case of the reaction of IBr is the formation of the energetically hampered derivative followed by partial isomerization to the most stable complex. The rate of isomerization and the related equilibrium constant between isomers have been measured. On the basis of the experimental evidence and the computational approach we have proposed a plausible energetic path yielding the first formed unexpected species.Finally, the solid state structures of two reaction products were resolved and reported
Clustering in Complex Directed Networks

Many empirical networks display an inherent tendency to cluster, i.e., to form circles of connected nodes. This feature is typically measured by the clustering coefficient CC . The CC, originally introduced for binary, undirected graphs, has been recently generalized to weighted, undirected networks. Here we extend the CC to the case of binary and weighted directed networks and we compute its expected value for random graphs. We distinguish between CCs that count all directed triangles in the graph independently of the direction of their edges and CCs that only consider particular types of directed triangles e.g., cycles . The main concepts are illustrated by employing empirical data on world-trade flows
Selective growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on nickel oxide nanostructures created by atomic force microscope nano-oxidation

[[abstract]]We report the selective growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on nickel oxide catalytic templates created by atomic force microscope nano-oxidation. Nickel oxide patterns are first produced on a nickel film by applying a negative bias to the tip. After removing unoxidized nickel, oxide patterns or nanodots with a smallest size of around 30 nm are successfully fabricated. Vertically aligned bunched or single CNTs with diameters of 30-80 nm are selectively grown on the oxide nanostructures by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition. It is also shown that the tube diameter can be effectively controlled by the dot size.[[fileno]]2020316010005[[department]]材料科學工程學
Local environment surrounding Co in MBE-grown Co-doped HfO2 thin films probed by EXAFS

[[abstract]]Local structure around Co impurity atoms in HfO2:Co thin films prepared by molecular beam epitaxy has been investigated using the extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) technique. These films were found to be ferromagnetic at room temperature. Progressive formation of Co clusters was observed accompanied by interstitial doping of Co in samples with Co concentration of 1%-20% grown at a substrate temperature of similar to 700 degrees C. However, films with a relatively high Co concentration of similar to 10% can be prepared without clustering of Co metal in a low-temperature growth mode with a substrate temperature similar to 100 degrees C. These low-temperature-grown films were found to be thermally stable up to an annealing temperature of similar to 700 degrees C. Our EXAFS results have therefore verified the feasibility for preparing Co-cluster-free room-temperature-ferromagnetic HfO2:Co-diluted magnetic oxide thin films with great potential for possible spintronic applications.[[fileno]]2010113010019[[department]]物理