pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Integrated inversion of ground deformation and magnetic data at Etna volcano using a genetic algorithm technique

Geodetic and magnetic investigations have been playing an increasingly important role in studies on Mt. Etna
eruptive processes. During ascent, magma interacts with surrounding rocks and fluids, and inevitably crustal deformation
and disturbances in the local magnetic field are produced. These effects are generally interpreted separately
from each other and consistency of interpretations obtained from different methods is qualitatively
checked only a posteriori. In order to make the estimation of source parameters more robust we propose an integrated
inversion from deformation and magnetic data that leads to the best possible understanding of the underlying
geophysical process. The inversion problem was formulated following a global optimization approach based
on the use of genetic algorithms. The proposed modeling inversion technique was applied on field data sets
recorded during the onset of the 2002-2003 Etna flank eruption. The deformation pattern and the magnetic anomalies
were consistent with a piezomagnetic effect caused by a dyke intrusion propagating along the NE direction
Complete Versus Lesion-Only Primary PCI: The Randomized Cardiovascular MR CvLPRIT Substudy

Background: Complete revascularization may improve outcomes compared with an infarct-related artery (IRA)-only strategy in patients being treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) who have multivessel disease presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there is concern that non-IRA PCI may cause additional non-IRA myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives: This study sought to determine whether in-hospital complete revascularization was associated with increased total infarct size compared with an IRA-only strategy. Methods: This multicenter prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint clinical trial evaluated STEMI patients with multivessel disease having PPCI within 12 h of symptom onset. Patients were randomized to either IRA-only PCI or complete in-hospital revascularization. Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed following PPCI (median day 3) and stress CMR at 9 months. The pre-specified primary endpoint was infarct size on pre-discharge CMR. The study had 80% power to detect a 4% difference in infarct size with 100 patients per group. Results: Of the 296 patients in the main trial, 205 participated in the CMR substudy, and 203 patients (98 complete revascularization and 105 IRA-only) completed the pre-discharge CMR. The groups were well-matched. Total infarct size (median, interquartile range) was similar to IRA-only revascularization: 13.5% (6.2% to 21.9%) versus complete revascularization, 12.6% (7.2% to 22.6%) of left ventricular mass, p = 0.57 (95% confidence interval for difference in geometric means 0.82 to 1.41). The complete revascularization group had an increase in non-IRA MI on the pre-discharge CMR (22 of 98 vs. 11 of 105, p = 0.02). There was no difference in total infarct size or ischemic burden between treatment groups at follow-up CMR. Conclusions: Multivessel PCI in the setting of STEMI leads to a small increase in CMR-detected non-IRA MI, but total infarct size was not significantly different from an IRA-only revascularization strategy. (Complete Versus Lesion-Only Primary PCI Pilot Study [CvLPRIT]; ISRCTN70913605
Infrared spectroscopy of salt-water complexes

To explore how the ion-pair in a single salt molecule evolves with the addition of water, infrared (IR) spectra of complexes composed of NaCl and multiple water molecules have been recorded for the first time. The NaCl(H2O)n complexes were formed and probed in liquid helium nanodroplets, and IR spectra were recorded for n = 1 → 4. The spectra for n = 1, 2, and 3 are consistent with formation of the lowest energy contact-ion pair structures in which each water molecule forms a single ionic hydrogen bond to an intact Na+Cl− ion-pair. Alternative structures with hydrogen bonding between water molecules become energetically competitive for n = 4, and the IR spectrum indicates likely the coexistence of at least two isomers.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Effective theories and measurements at colliders.

If the LHC run 2 will not provide conclusive hints for new resonant Physics beyond the Standard Model, dedicated and consistent search strategies at high momentum transfers will become the focus of searches for anticipated deviations from the Standard Model expectation. We discuss the phenomenological importance of QCD and electroweak corrections in bounding higher dimensional operators when analysing energy-dependent differential distributions. In particular, we study the impact of RGE-induced operator running and mixing effects on measurements performed in the context of an Effective Field Theory extension of the SM. Furthermore, we outline a general analysis strategy which allows a RGE-improved formulation of constraints free of theoretical shortcomings that can arise when differential distributions start to probe the new interaction scale. We compare the numerical importance of such a programme against the standard analysis approach which is widely pursued at present
Ethnographies of austerity : temporality, crisis and affect in Southern Europe.

This article focuses on how the economic crisis in Southern Europe has stimulated temporal thought (temporality), whether tilted in the direction of historicizing, presentifying, or futural thought, provoking people to rethink their relationship to time. The argument is developed with particular reference to the ethnographies of living with austerity inside the eurozone contained in this special issue. The studies identify the ways the past may be activated, lived, embodied, and re-fashioned under contracting economic horizons. We argue for the empirical study of crisis that captures the decisions or non-decisions that people make, and the actual temporal processes by which they judge responses. We conclude that modern linear historicism is often overridden in such moments by other historicities, showing that in crises, not only time, but history itself as an organizing structure and set of expectations, is up for grabs
Respiratory microbiota resistance and resilience to pulmonary exacerbation and subsequent antimicrobial intervention

This study was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/H019456/1) to CJvdG, by the Wellcome Trust (WT 098051) to AWW and JP for sequencing costs, and by The Anna Trust (KB2008) to KDB. AWW and The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, receive core funding support from the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Science and Analysis Service (RESAS). We thank Paul Scott, Richard Rance and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s sequencing team for generating 16S rRNA gene sequence data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Search for the production of an excited bottom quark decaying to tW in
  proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is presented for a singly produced excited bottom quark (b*)
decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the all-hadronic, lepton + jets, and
dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV recorded
by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Data corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns are used. No significant excess of events
is observed with respect to standard model expectations. We set limits at 95%
confidence on the product of the b* quark production cross section and its
branching fraction to tW. The cross section limits are interpreted for
scenarios including left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like couplings of the
b* quark and are presented in the two-dimensional coupling plane based on the
production and decay coupling constants. The masses of the left-handed,
right-handed, and vector-like b* quark states are excluded at 95% confidence
below 1390, 1430, and 1530 GeV, respectively, for benchmark couplings. This
analysis gives the most stringent limits on the mass of the b* quark to date.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of spin correlations in t t-bar production using the matrix
  element method in the muon + jets final state in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8
  TeV

The consistency of the spin correlation strength in top quark pair production
with the standard model (SM) prediction is tested in the muon + jets final
state. The events are selected from pp collisions, collected by the CMS
detector, at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The data are compared with the
expectation for the spin correlation predicted by the SM and with the
expectation of no correlation. Using a template fit method, the fraction of
events that show SM spin correlations is measured to be 0.72 +/- 0.08 (stat)
+0.15 -0.13 (syst), representing the most precise measurement of this quantity
in the lepton + jets final state to date.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. All
  figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-13-015/index.htm
Gauged Two Higgs Doublet Model confronts the LHC 750 GeV di-photon
  anomaly

In light of the recent 750 GeV diphoton anomaly observed at the LHC, we study
the possibility of accommodating the deviation from the standard model
prediction based on the recently proposed Gauged Two Higgs Doublet Model. The
model embeds two Higgs doublets into a doublet of a non-abelian gauge group
$SU(2)_H$, while the standard model $SU(2)_L$ right-handed fermion singlets are
paired up with new heavy fermions to form $SU(2)_H$ doublets, and $SU(2)_L$
left-handed fermion doublets are singlets under $SU(2)_H$. An $SU(2)_H$ scalar
doublet, which provides masses to the new heavy fermions as well as the
$SU(2)_H$ gauge bosons, can be produced via gluon fusion and subsequently
decays into two photons with the new fermions circulating the triangle loops to
account for the deviation from the standard model prediction.Comment: v3: discussions on muon g-2 and brief comments on the EWPT data and
  collider searches are added; version accepted by Nuclear Physics
Interoperability in the OpenDreamKit Project: The Math-in-the-Middle
  Approach

OpenDreamKit --- "Open Digital Research Environment Toolkit for the
Advancement of Mathematics" --- is an H2020 EU Research Infrastructure project
that aims at supporting, over the period 2015--2019, the ecosystem of
open-source mathematical software systems. From that, OpenDreamKit will deliver
a flexible toolkit enabling research groups to set up Virtual Research
Environments, customised to meet the varied needs of research projects in pure
mathematics and applications.
  An important step in the OpenDreamKit endeavor is to foster the
interoperability between a variety of systems, ranging from computer algebra
systems over mathematical databases to front-ends. This is the mission of the
integration work package (WP6). We report on experiments and future plans with
the \emph{Math-in-the-Middle} approach. This information architecture consists
in a central mathematical ontology that documents the domain and fixes a joint
vocabulary, combined with specifications of the functionalities of the various
systems. Interaction between systems can then be enriched by pivoting off this
information architecture.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Leading QCD-induced four-loop contributions to the $\beta$-function of
  the Higgs self-coupling in the SM and vacuum stability

We present analytical results for the leading top-Yukawa and QCD contribution
to the $\beta$-function for the Higgs self-coupling $\lambda$ of the Standard
Model at four-loop level, namely the part $\propto y_t^4 g_s^6$ independently
confirming a result given in [1]. We also give the contribution $\propto y_t^2
g_s^6$ of the anomalous dimension of the Higgs field as well as the terms
$\propto y_t g_s^8$ to the top-Yukawa $\beta$-function which can also be
derived from the anomalous dimension of the top quark mass. We compare the
results with the RG functions of the correlators of two and four scalar
currents in pure QCD and find a new relation between the anomalous dimension
$\gamma_0$ of the QCD vacuum energy and the anomalous dimension $\gamma_m^{SS}$
appearing in the RG equation of the correlator of two scalar currents. Together
with the recently computed top-Yukawa and QCD contributions to $\beta_{g_s}$
[2,3] the $\beta$-functions presented here constitute the leading four-loop
contributions to the evolution of the Higgs self-coupling. A numerical estimate
of these terms at the scale of the top-quark mass is presented as well as an
analysis of the impact on the evolution of $\lambda$ up to the Planck scale and
the vacuum stability problem.Comment: v2: This is the version accepted by JHEP; extended discussion of the
  numerics and vacuum stability analysis; references added; plot adde
Factorization of Radiative Leptonic Decays of $B^-$ and $D^-$ Mesons
  Including the Soft Photon Region

In this work, we study the radiative leptonic decays of $B^-$ and $D^-$
mesons using factorization approach. Factorization is proved to be valid
explicitly at 1-loop level at any order of $O(\Lambda_{\rm
QCD}\left/m_Q\right.)$. We consider the contribution in the soft photon region
that $E_{\gamma} \sim \left. \Lambda^2_{\rm QCD} /\right. m_Q$. The numerical
results shows that, the soft photon region is very important for both the $B$
and $D$ mesons. The branching ratios of $B\to \gamma e\nu_e$ is $5.21\times
10^{-6}$, which is about $3$ times of the result obtained by only considering
the hard photon region $E_{\gamma}\sim m_Q$. And for the case of $D\to \gamma
e\nu_e$, the result of the branching ratio is $1.92\times 10^{-5}$.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.035
A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

PublishedJournal ArticleThis is an open access article available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379114002546A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20ka, 15ka, 10ka and 5ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1a. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorit. © 2014 The Authors.Our thanks go to the many individuals who have studied Antarctic deglaciation and the people who have supported them in the field and at sea over the last several decades – our understanding of ice-sheet behaviour and this volume would not exist without their dedicated hard work, often in demanding conditions. We also thank all of the national funding agencies who have supported the work described in this volume (MJB acknowledges NERC grant NE/F014260/1). We also thank the Editors of QSR for their helpful comments and editorial support and to Chris Clark and Mike Hambrey for reviews that helped improve the paper. Tim Horscroft was very helpful in keeping the various papers on schedule. The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) research programme 2004–2011 ‘Antarctic Climate Evolution’ (ACE) provided funding for an initial discussion workshop for which we are grateful. This Special Volume forms an output of the SCAR programme ‘Past Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics’ (PAIS)
Responding to global challenges in food, energy, environment and water: Risks and options assessment for decision-making

We analyse the threats of global environmental change, as they relate to food security. First, we review three discourses: (i) ‘sustainable intensification’, or the increase of food supplies without compromising food producing inputs, such as soils and water; (ii) the ‘nexus’ that seeks to understand links across food, energy, environment and water systems; and (iii) ‘resilience thinking’ that focuses on how to ensure the critical capacities of food, energy and water systems are maintained in the presence of uncertainties and threats. Second, we build on these discourses to present the causal, risks and options assessment for decision-making process to improve decision-making in the presence of risks. The process provides a structured, but flexible, approach that moves from problem diagnosis to better risk-based decision-making and outcomes by responding to causal risks within and across food, energy, environment and water systems
Alley coppice—a new system with ancient roots

peer-reviewedContext:

Current production from natural forests will not satisfy future world demand for timber and fuel wood, and new land management options are required.

Aims:

We explore an innovative production system that combines the production of short rotation coppice in wide alleys with the production of high-value trees on narrow strips of land; it is an alternative form of alley cropping which we propose to call ‘alley coppice’. The aim is to describe this alley coppice system and to illustrate its potential for producing two diverse products, namely high-value timber and energy wood on the same land unit.

Methods:

Based on a comprehensive literature review, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of the alley coppice system and contrast the features with well-known existing or past systems of biomass and wood production.

Results:

We describe and discuss the basic aspects of alley coppice, its design and dynamics, the processes of competition and facilitation, issues of ecology, and areas that are open for future research.

Conclusion:

Based on existing knowledge, a solid foundation for the implementation of alley coppice on suitable land is presented, and the high potential of this system could be shown.The European research project AGROCOP is funded by a joint WOODWISDOM and ERANET programme including the following national funding organisations: the FederalMinistry of Education and
Research (BMBF; Germany), Project Management Jülich (PtJ), Ministère de l‘Agriculture, de l‘Ali-mentation de la Peche, de la Ruralité, et de
l‘Aménagement du Territoire (MAAPRAT; France), Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF; Italy) and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (Ireland)
A semilinear elliptic equation with a mild singularity at u=0: Existence and homogenization

International audienceIn this paper we consider semilinear elliptic equations with mild singularities, whose prototype is the following ---------- −div A(x)Du = f (x)g(u) + l(x) in Ω,  ---------- u = 0 on ∂Ω,  ---------- where Ω is an open bounded set of R^N , N ≥ 1, A ∈ L^∞(Ω)^{N ×N} is a coercive matrix, g : [0, +∞) → [0, +∞] is continuous, and 0 ≤ g(s) ≤ 1 + 1/s^γ ∀ s > 0, with 0 < γ ≤ 1 and f, l ∈ L^r(Ω), r = 2N/(N +2) if N ≥ 3, r > 1 if N = 2, r = 1 if N = 1, f (x), l(x) ≥ 0 a.e. x ∈ Ω. ---------- We prove the existence of at least one nonnegative solution and a stability result; moreover uniqueness is also proved if g(s) is nonincreasing or "almost nonincreasing". Finally, we study the homogenization of these equations posed in a sequence of domains Ω ε obtained by removing many small holes from a fixed domain Ω
Study of (W/Z)H production and Higgs boson couplings using H→WW∗ decays with the ATLAS detector

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)A search for Higgs boson production in association with a W or Z boson, in the H→ W W∗ decay channel, is performed with a data sample collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.5 fb−1 and 20.3 fb−1, respectively. The WH production mode is studied in two-lepton and three-lepton final states, while two- lepton and four-lepton final states are used to search for the ZH production mode. The observed significance, for the combined W H and ZH production, is 2.5 standard deviations while a significance of 0.9 standard deviations is expected in the Standard Model Higgs boson hypothesis. The ratio of the combined W H and ZH signal yield to the Standard Model expectation, μV H , is found to be μV H = 3.0− 1.1 + 1.3(stat.)− 0.7 + 1.0(sys.) for the Higgs boson mass of 125.36 GeV. The W H and ZH production modes are also combined with the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production modes studied in the H → W W∗ → ℓνℓν decay channel, resulting in an overall observed significance of 6.5 standard deviations and μggF + VBF + VH = 1. 16− 0.15 + 0.16(stat.)− 0.15 + 0.18(sys.). The results are interpreted in terms of scaling factors of the Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons (κV ) and fermions (κF ); the combined results are: |κV| = 1.06− 0.10 + 0.10, |κF| = 0. 85− 0.20 + 0.26
Safety, Clinical Outcome, and Fracture Rate of Femoropopliteal Stenting Using a 4F Compatible Delivery System.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, clinical outcome, and fracture rate of femoropopliteal interventions using 4F stents. METHODS: Between January 2010 and  December 2011, 112 symptomatic patients were treated by stent implantation. Ten patients were lost to follow up; therefore, 102 patients (62 men; mean age 66.4 +/- 10.1 years) were retrospectively analyzed. The indication for femoropopliteal revascularization was severe claudication (Rutherford-Becker score = 3) in 63 (62%) patients and chronic critical limb ischemia (Rutherford-Becker score = 4-6) in 39 (38%). Follow up included palpation of peripheral pulses and measurement of ankle brachial index. In patients with suspected in-stent restenosis duplex ultrasonography was performed. In 2013, patients were asked to return for a fluoroscopic examination of the stents. RESULTS: 114 lesions (Trans-Atlantic InterSociety Consensus-C and D, n = 45) were treated with 119 stents (Astron Pulsar, n = 42; Pulsar-18, n = 77). Lesions were long (>/=100 mm) in 49 cases and heavily calcified in 35. Stents were long (>/=120 mm) in 46 cases. Ten stents were partially overlapped. The technical and clinical success rates were 100%. Two puncture related complications were noted, neither of which required surgical repair. Eleven patients died (myocardial infarction, n = 4; stroke, n = 2; cancer, n = 5) and nine patients underwent major amputation (above knee, n = 4).  The primary patency rate was 83% at 6 months and 80% at 12 months. The primary assisted patency rate was 97% at 6 months and 94% at 12 months. The secondary patency rate was 86% at 6 months and 85% at 12 months. The prevalence of fractures was 26% (type III and IV, 10%) after an average follow up of 25 months. CONCLUSION: Femoropopliteal stenting using a 4F compatible delivery system can be accomplished with a low complication rate, acceptable fracture rate, and with similar 12 month patency and revascularization rates as their 6F counterparts