pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Prompt charm production in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

Charm production at the LHC in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is studied with the LHCb detector. The decays D0→K−π+, D+→K−π+π+, D⁎+→D0(K−π+)π+, D+s→ϕ(K−K+)π+, Λ+c→pK−π+, and their charge conjugates are analysed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15 nb−1. Differential cross-sections dσ/dpT are measured for prompt production of the five charmed hadron species in bins of transverse momentum and rapidity in the region 0<pT<8 GeV/c and 2.0<y<4.5. Theoretical predictions are compared to the measured differential cross-sections. The integrated cross-sections of the charm hadrons are computed in the above pT-y range, and their ratios are reported. A combination of the five integrated cross-section measurements gives\ud
σ(cc¯)pT<8 GeV/c,2.0<y<4.5=1419±12(stat)±116(syst)±65(frag) μb, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the fragmentation functions
Increased breast cancer cell toxicity by palladination of the polyamine analogue N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine

Breast cancer is one of the most common
malignant tumor forms among women and many women
succumb to their disease. Thus, new anticancer agents that
can efficiently improve patient survival are of the utmost
importance. In this study, the effects of the polyamine
analogues N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine (BENSpm) and
N1-cyclo-propylmethyl-N11-ethylnorspermine (CPENSpm)
and the synthesized dinuclear complexes Pd2BENSpm (Pd-
BENSpm), Pt2CPENSpm (Pt-CPENSpm) and Pd2Spm (Pd-
Spm) were investigated in normal-like breast epithelial
MCF-10A cells and the breast cancer cell lines JIMT-1 and
L56BR-C1. The overall data show that palladination of
BENSpm resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity, in contrast to
platination of CPENSpm that reduced cytotoxicity, which
might be explained by differences in the cellular uptake of
Pd-BENSpm and Pt-CPENSpm. BENSpm and Pd-BENSpm
treatment reduced the CD44?CD24- putative cancer
stem cell population, evaluated by flow cytometry.
Furthermore, Pd-BENSpm was the most efficient compound
regarding induction of DNA damage and decrease in
colony formation in soft agar. Pt-CPENSpm and Pd-Spm,
on the other hand, were shown to be the least toxic compounds
of all tested. Pd-Spm efficiently reduced the cellular
glutathione levels, which probably was a consequence
of its metabolic inactivation by conjugation to this
endogenous thiol. The normal-like cells were found to be
less sensitive to the agents than the breast cancer cells. Our
findings show that Pd-BENSpm exhibits promising anticancer
effects which render it suitable for further optimization
to develop a new metal-based chemotherapeutic
drug for breast cancer treatment.The
authors acknowledge financial support from the Gunnar Nilsson
Cancer Foundation and from the Portuguese Foundation for Science
and Technology—SFRH/BD/46364/2008, Projects PTDC/QUI/
66701/2006 (co-financed by the European Community fund FEDER)
and Pest-OE/Qui/UIOO700/201
How journal rankings can suppress interdisciplinarity. The case of innovation studies in business and management

This study provides quantitative evidence on how the use of journal rankings can disadvantage interdisciplinary research in research evaluations. Using publication and citation data, it compares the degree of interdisciplinarity and the research performance of a number of Innovation Studies units with that of leading Business & Management schools in the UK. On the basis of various mappings and metrics, this study shows that: (i) Innovation Studies units are consistently more interdisciplinary in their research than Business & Management schools; (ii) the top journals in the Association of Business Schools’ rankings span a less diverse set of disciplines than lower-ranked journals; (iii) this results in a more favourable assessment of the performance of Business & Management schools, which are more disciplinary-focused. This citation-based analysis challenges the journal ranking-based assessment. In short, the investigation illustrates how ostensibly ‘excellence-based’ journal rankings exhibit a systematic bias in favour of mono-disciplinary research. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications of these phenomena, in particular how the bias is likely to affect negatively the evaluation and associated financial resourcing of interdisciplinary research organisations, and may result in researchers becoming more compliant with disciplinary authority over time.ESR
Shell-model Hamiltonian from self-consistent mean-field model: $N=Z$
  nuclei

We propose a procedure to determine the effective nuclear shell-model
Hamiltonian in a truncated space from a self-consistent mean-field model, e.g.,
the Skyrme model. The parameters of pairing plus quadrupole-quadrupole
interaction with monopole force are obtained so that the potential energy
surface of the Skyrme Hartree-Fock + BCS calculation is reproduced. We test our
method for $N=Z$ nuclei in the $fpg$- and $sd$-shell regions. It is shown that
the calculated energy spectra with these parameters are in a good agreement
with experimental data, in which the importance of the monopole interaction is
discussed. This method may represent a practical way of defining the
Hamiltonian for general shell-model calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
The evolution of virulence in RNA viruses under a
  competition-colonization trade-off

RNA viruses exist in large intra-host populations which display great
genotypic and phenotypic diversity. We analyze a model of viral competition
between two different viral strains infecting a constantly replenished cell
pool, in which we assume a trade-off between the virus' colonization skills
(cell killing ability or virulence) and its local competition skills
(replication performance within coinfected cells). We characterize the
conditions that allow for viral spread by means of the basic reproductive
number and show that a local coexistence equilibrium exists, which is
asymptotically stable. At this equilibrium, the less virulent competitor has a
reproductive advantage over the more virulent colonizer. The equilibria at
which one strain outcompetes the other one are unstable, i.e., a second viral
strain is always able to permanently invade. One generalization of the model is
to consider multiple viral strains, each one displaying a different virulence.
However, to account for the large phenotypic diversity in viral populations, we
consider a continuous spectrum of virulences and present a continuum limit of
this multiple viral strains model that describes the time evolution of an
initial continuous distribution of virulence. We provide a proof of the
existence of solutions of the model's equations and present numerical
approximations of solutions for different initial distributions. Our
simulations suggest that initial continuous distributions of virulence evolve
towards a stationary distribution that is extremely skewed in favor of
competitors. Consequently, collective virulence attenuation takes place. This
finding may contribute to understanding the phenomenon of virulence
attenuation, which has been reported in previous experimental studies.Comment: Submitted to peer-reviewed journa
Characterizations of hemirings by their $h$-ideals

In this paper we characterize hemirings in which all $h$-ideals or all fuzzy
$h$-ideals are idempotent. It is proved, among other results, that every
$h$-ideal of a hemiring $R$ is idempotent if and only if the lattice of fuzzy
$h$-ideals of $R$ is distributive under the sum and $h$-intrinsic product of
fuzzy $h$-ideals or, equivalently, if and only if each fuzzy $h$-ideal of $R$
is intersection of those prime fuzzy $h$-ideals of $R$ which contain it. We
also define two types of prime fuzzy $h$-ideals of $R$ and prove that, a
non-constant $h$-ideal of $R$ is prime in the second sense if and only if each
of its proper level set is a prime $h$-ideal of $R$
Hyperconvexity and Tight Span Theory for Diversities

The tight span, or injective envelope, is an elegant and useful construction
that takes a metric space and returns the smallest hyperconvex space into which
it can be embedded. The concept has stimulated a large body of theory and has
applications to metric classification and data visualisation. Here we introduce
a generalisation of metrics, called diversities, and demonstrate that the rich
theory associated to metric tight spans and hyperconvexity extends to a
seemingly richer theory of diversity tight spans and hyperconvexity.Comment: revised in response to referee comment
Antisymmetric Tensor Fields in Randall Sundrum Thick Branes

In this article we study the issue of localization of the three-form field in
a Randall-Sundrum-like scenario. We simulate our membrane by kinks embedded in
D=5, describing the usual case (not deformed) and new models coming from a
specific deformation procedure. The gravitational background regarded includes
the dilaton contribution. We show that we can only localize the zero-mode of
this field for a specific range of the dilaton coupling, even in the deformed
case. A study about resonances is presented. We use a numerical approach for
calculations of the transmission coefficients associated to the quantum
mechanical problem. This gives a clear description of the physics involved in
the model. We find in this way that the appearance of resonances is strongly
dependent on the coupling constant. We study the cases $p=1,3$ and 5 for
$\alpha=-1.75$ and $\alpha=-20$. The first value of $\alpha$ give us one
resonance peak for $p=1$ and no resonances for $p=3,5$. The second value of
$\alpha$ give us a very rich structure of resonances, with number deppending on
the value of $p$.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Krall-Jacobi commutative algebras of partial differential operators

We construct a large family of commutative algebras of partial differential
operators invariant under rotations. These algebras are isomorphic extensions
of the algebras of ordinary differential operators introduced by Grunbaum and
Yakimov corresponding to Darboux transformations at one end of the spectrum of
the recurrence operator for the Jacobi polynomials. The construction is based
on a new proof of their results which leads to a more detailed description of
the one-dimensional theory. In particular, our approach establishes a
conjecture by Haine concerning the explicit characterization of the
Krall-Jacobi algebras of ordinary differential operators.Comment: minor change
Minimal seesaw model with S_4 flavor symmetry

We discuss a neutrino mass model based on the S_4 flavor symmetry within the
minimal seesaw framework, in which only two right-handed neutrinos are
introduced and transform as 2 under S_4. Although the model contains less free
parameters compared to the typical seesaw models, it provides a successful
description of the observed neutrino parameters, and in particular, a nearly
tri-bimaximal mixing pattern can be naturally accommodated. In addition, the
heavy right-handed neutrino masses are found to be non-degenerate, while only
the normal hierarchical mass spectrum is compatible with experiments for light
neutrinos.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; version to appear in PL
Inelastic Dissipation in Wobbling Asteroids and Comets

Asteroids and comets dissipate energy when they rotate about the axis
different from the axis of the maximal moment of inertia. We show that the most
efficient internal relaxation happens at the double frequency of body's
tumbling. Therefore the earlier estimates that ignore double frequency input
underestimate the internal relaxation in asteroids and comets. We show that the
Earth seismological data may poorly represent acoustic properties of asteroids
and comet as internal relaxation increases in the presence of moisture. At the
same time owing to non-linearlity of inelastic relaxation small angle nutations
can persist for very long time spans, but our ability to detect such
precessions is limited by the resolution of the radar-generated images.
Wobbling may provide valuable information on the composition and structure of
asteroids and on their recent history of external impacts.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur
Theory of Localization in a Disordered Ring in a Non-Hermitian Field

We present an analytical study of the Lyapunov exponent for electronic states
in a disordered tight-binding ring, with N sites of spacing c, in the presence
of a non-hermitian field component h, for weak disorder. This system has been
proposed by Hatano and Nelson (HN) as a model for the depinning of flux lines
bound to columnar defects in a superconducting cylindrical shell in a
transverse magnetic field proportional to h. We calculate the Lyapunov exponent
to second order in the disorder in the domain of complex energies in an ordered
ring in a non-hermitian field. The result exhibits an important antisymmetry
property of the Lyapunov exponent, which reflects the directionality of the
non-hermitian localization. By combining the results for the Lyapunov exponent
with a previous calculation of the complex eigenvalues for weak disorder, we
show that the localization length of the complex eigenenergy states is
generally larger than the circumference (Nc) of the ring. This supports the
initial suggestion of
  HN that these eigenstates are delocalized. Our perturbative treatment of the
disorder when applied for an open chain embedded in an infinite non-disordered
chain recovers the Thouless formula for the zero-field localization length.Comment: 15 pages, LaTex 2
On gravitational interaction of fermions

We discuss some aspects of the gravitational interaction of the relativistic
quantum particles with spin 1/2. The exact Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is
constructed for the Dirac particle coupled to the static spacetime metric. The
quasi-relativistic limit of the theory is then analyzed. Using the analogous
method, we obtain the exact Cini-Touschek transformation and discuss the
ultra-relativistic limit of the fermion theory. We show that the
Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation is not uniquely defined, and the corresponding
ambiguity is deeply rooted in the relativistic quantum theory.Comment: Latex (buckow.sty), 6 pages; Invited talk presented at the Symposium
  on the Centennial of Werner Heisenberg: Works And Impact, Bamberg, Germany,
  26-30 September 200
Impact of aerosols and adverse atmospheric conditions on the data
  quality for spectral analysis of the H.E.S.S. telescopes

The Earth's atmosphere is an integral part of the detector in ground-based
imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) experiments and has to be taken
into account in the calibration. Atmospheric and hardware-related deviations
from simulated conditions can result in the mis-reconstruction of primary
particle energies and therefore of source spectra. During the eight years of
observations with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in Namibia,
the overall yield in Cherenkov photons has varied strongly with time due to
gradual hardware aging, together with adjustments of the hardware components,
and natural, as well as anthropogenic, variations of the atmospheric
transparency. Here we present robust data selection criteria that minimize
these effects over the full data set of the H.E.S.S. experiment and introduce
the Cherenkov transparency coefficient as a new atmospheric monitoring
quantity. The influence of atmospheric transparency, as quantified by this
coefficient, on energy reconstruction and spectral parameters is examined and
its correlation with the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of independent MISR
satellite measurements and local measurements of atmospheric clarity is
investigated.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Astroparticle Physic
RNS derivation of N-point disk amplitudes from the revisited S-matrix
  approach

In the past year, in arXiv:1208.6066 we proposed a revisited S-matrix
approach to efficiently find the bosonic terms of the open superstring low
energy effective lagrangian (OSLEEL). This approach allows to compute the
${\alpha'}^N$ terms of the OSLEEL using open superstring $n$-point amplitudes
in which $n$ is very much lower than $(N+2)$ (which is the order of the
required amplitude to obtain those ${\alpha'}^N$ terms by means of the
conventional S-matrix approach). In this work we use our revisited S-matrix
approach to examine the structure of the scattering amplitudes, arriving at a
closed form for them. This is a RNS derivation of the formula first found by
Mafra, Schlotterer and Stieberger in arXiv:1106.2645, using the Pure Spinor
formalism. We have succeeded doing this for the 5, 6 and 7-point amplitudes. In
order to achieve these results we have done a careful analysis of the
kinematical structure of the amplitudes, finding as a by-product a purely
kinematical derivation of the BCJ relations (for N=4, 5, 6 and 7). Also,
following the spirit of the revisited S-matrix approach, we have found the
$\alpha'$ expansions for these amplitudes up to ${\alpha'}^6$ order in some
cases, by only using the well known open superstring 4-point amplitude, cyclic
symmetry and tree level unitarity: we have not needed to compute any numerical
series or any integral involving polylogarithms, at any moment.Comment: 77 pages, 3 figure
On the Oscillation of Species

We describe a new class of BPS objects called magnetubes: their supersymmetry
is determined by their magnetic charges, while their electric charges can
oscillate freely between different species. We show how to incorporate these
objects into microstate geometries and create BPS solutions in which the charge
densities rotate through different U(1) species as one moves around a circle
within the microstate geometry. Our solutions have the same "time-like"
supersymmetry as five-dimensional, three-charge black holes but, in various
parts of the solution, the supersymmetry takes the "null" form that is normally
associated with magnetic charges. It is this property that enables the species
oscillation of magnetubes to be compatible with supersymmetry. We give an
example in which the species oscillate non-trivially around a circle within a
microstate geometry, and yet the energy-momentum tensor and metric are
completely independent of this circle: only the amplitude of the oscillation
influences the metric.Comment: 37 pages, latex, v2: minor changes in response to refere
Janus configurations with SL(2,Z)-duality twists, Strings on Mapping
  Tori, and a Tridiagonal Determinant Formula

We develop an equivalence between two Hilbert spaces: (i) the space of states
of $U(1)^n$ Chern-Simons theory with a certain class of tridiagonal matrices of
coupling constants (with corners) on $T^2$; and (ii) the space of ground states
of strings on an associated mapping torus with $T^2$ fiber. The equivalence is
deduced by studying the space of ground states of $SL(2,Z)$-twisted circle
compactifications of $U(1)$ gauge theory, connected with a Janus configuration,
and further compactified on $T^2$. The equality of dimensions of the two
Hilbert spaces (i) and (ii) is equivalent to a known identity on determinants
of tridiagonal matrices with corners. The equivalence of operator algebras
acting on the two Hilbert spaces follows from a relation between the Smith
normal form of the Chern-Simons coupling constant matrix and the isometry group
of the mapping torus, as well as the torsion part of its first homology group.Comment: 21 pages, typos correcte
Landauer-B\"uttiker and Thouless conductance

In the independent electron approximation, the average
(energy/charge/entropy) current flowing through a finite sample S connected to
two electronic reservoirs can be computed by scattering theoretic arguments
which lead to the famous Landauer-B\"uttiker formula. Another well known
formula has been proposed by Thouless on the basis of a scaling argument. The
Thouless formula relates the conductance of the sample to the width of the
spectral bands of the infinite crystal obtained by periodic juxtaposition of S.
In this spirit, we define Landauer-B\"uttiker crystalline currents by extending
the Landauer-B\"uttiker formula to a setup where the sample S is replaced by a
periodic structure whose unit cell is S. We argue that these crystalline
currents are closely related to the Thouless currents. For example, the
crystalline heat current is bounded above by the Thouless heat current, and
this bound saturates iff the coupling between the reservoirs and the sample is
reflectionless. Our analysis leads to a rigorous derivation of the Thouless
formula from the first principles of quantum statistical mechanics
Holography of asymmetrically warped space-times

We study the holographic dual of asymmetrically warped space-times, which are
asymptotically AdS. The self-tuning of the cosmological constant is
reinterpreted as a cancellation of the visible sector stress-energy tensor by
the contribution of a hidden CFT, charged under a spontaneously broken global
symmetry. The apparent violation of 4D causality due to bulk geodesics is
justified by considering that the CFT feels the background metric as smeared
out over a length of the order of the AdS radius.Comment: 10 pages, no figure. v3: final version to appear in PL
Degenerate Four Virtual Soliton Resonance for KP-II

By using disipative version of the second and the third members of AKNS
hierarchy, a new method to solve 2+1 dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP-II)
equation is proposed. We show that dissipative solitons (dissipatons) of those
members give rise to the real solitons of KP-II. From the Hirota bilinear form
of the SL(2,R) AKNS flows, we formulate a new bilinear representation for
KP-II, by which, one and two soliton solutions are constructed and the
resonance character of their mutual interactions is studied. By our bilinear
form, we first time created four virtual soliton resonance solution for KP-II
and established relations of it with degenerate four-soliton solution in the
Hirota-Satsuma bilinear form for KP-II.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, Talk on International Conference Nonlinear
  Physics. Theory and Experiment. III, 24 June-3 July, 2004, Gallipoli(Lecce),
  Ital
The Cooling of Hawking Radiation and dS/CFT Correspondence

Given a local quantum field theory net A on the de Sitter spacetime dS^d, where geodesic observers are thermalized at Gibbons-Hawking temperature, we look for observers that feel to be in a ground state, i.e. particle evolutions with positive generator, providing a sort of converse to the Hawking-Unruh effect. Such positive energy evolutions always exist as noncommutative flows, but have only a partial geometric meaning, yet they map localized observables into localized observables. We characterize the local conformal nets on dS^d. Only in this case our positive energy evolutions have a complete geometrical meaning. We show that each net has a unique maximal expected conformal subnet, where our evolutions are thus geometrical. In the two-dimensional case, we construct a holographic one-to-one correspondence between local nets A on dS^2 and local conformal non-isotonic families (pseudonets) B on S^1. The pseudonet B gives rise to two local conformal nets B(+/-) on S^1, that correspond to the H(+/-)-horizon components of A, and to the chiral components of the maximal conformal subnet of A. In particular, A is holographically reconstructed by a single horizon component, namely the pseudonet is a net, iff the translations on H(+/-) have positive energy and the translations on H(-/+) are trivial. This is the case iff the one-parameter unitary group implementing rotations on dS^2 has positive/negative generator