pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Harmonic radar tracking reveals random dispersal pattern of bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) queens after hibernation

The dispersal of animals from their birth place has profound effects on the immediate survival and longer-term persistence of populations. Molecular studies have estimated that bumblebee colonies can be established many kilometers from their queens’ natal nest site. However, little is known about when and how queens disperse during their lifespan. One possible life stage when dispersal may occur, is directly after emerging from hibernation, but little is known of queens’ behavior during this period. Here, harmonic radar tracking of artificially over-wintered Bombus terrestris queens shows that they spend most of their time resting on the ground with intermittent very short flights (duration and distance). We corroborate these behaviors with observations of wild queen bees, which show similar prolonged resting periods between short flights, indicating that the behavior of our radar-monitored bees was not due to the attachment of transponders nor an artifact of the bees being commercially reared. Radar-monitored flights were not continuously directed away from the origin, suggesting that they were not intentionally trying to disperse from their artificial emergence site. Flights did not loop back to the origin suggesting bees were not trying to remember or get back to the original release site. Most individuals dispersed from the range of the harmonic radar within less than two days and did not return. Flight directions were not different from a uniform distribution and flight lengths followed an exponential distribution, both suggesting random dispersal. A random walk model based on our observed data estimates a positive net dispersal from the origin over many flights, indicating a biased random dispersal, and estimates the net displacement of queens to be within the range of those estimated in genetic studies. We suggest that a distinct post-hibernation life history stage consisting mostly of rest with intermittent short flights and infrequent foraging fulfils the dual purpose of ovary development and dispersal prior to nest searching
Temperature-induced Chemical Changes in Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents

This paper explores the relationship between ambient temperature, calcium oxide (CaO) hydration, and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) generation in cold and moderate ambient temperatures (2°C-19°C). A total of 22 samples from 2 commercial Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDAs) were tested in 36 mm diameter, 170 mm long steel pipes. The raw powder and materials resulting from hydration were subjected to X-ray Diffraction analysis, Derivative Thermogravimetric Analysis, and Thermogravimetry analysis. Raw and hydrated specimens proved chemically distinctive. Experimental results showed:  (1) the unconfined portions of hydrated specimens contained more CaCO3 due to carbonation of Ca(OH)2, where confined portions had higher Ca(OH)2 concentrations; (2) all materials tested at 19°C ambient temperatures had Ca(OH)2 concentrations nearly 10% greater than those tested at 2°C; and (3) the higher Ca(OH)2 concentrations formed at 19°C generated 350% greater expansive pressure than that which formed at  2°C.Science Foundation Ireland [12/ERC/12534
Tools for user interaction in immersive environments

REVERIE -- REal and Virtual Engagement in Realistic Immersive Environments -- is a large scale collaborative project co-funded by the European Commission targeting novel research in the general domain of Networked Media and Search Systems.  The project aims to bring about a revolution in 3D media and virtual reality by developing technologies for safe, collaborative, online environments that can enable realistic interpersonal communication and interaction in immersive environments. To date, project partners have been developing component technologies for a variety of functionalities related to the aims of REVERIE prior to integration into an end-to-end system. In this demo submission, we first introduce the project in general terms, outlining the high-level concept and vision before briefly describing the suite of demonstrations that we intend to present at MMM 2014
Nonperturbative semiclassical stability of de Sitter spacetime for small
  metric deviations

We consider the linearized semiclassical Einstein equations for small
deviations around de Sitter spacetime including the vacuum polarization effects
of conformal fields. Employing the method of order reduction, we find the exact
solutions for general metric perturbations (of scalar, vector and tensor type).
Our exact (nonperturbative) solutions show clearly that in this case de Sitter
is stable with respect to small metric deviations and a late-time attractor.
Furthermore, they also reveal a breakdown of perturbative solutions for a
sufficiently long evolution inside the horizon. Our results are valid for any
conformal theory, even self-interacting ones with arbitrarily strong coupling.Comment: 19 page
Comments on the Hierarchy Problem in Effective Theories

We discuss aspects of the hierarchy problem in effective theories with light
scalars and a large, physical ultraviolet (UV) cutoff. We make two main points:
(1) The (naive) fine-tuning observed in an effective theory does not
automatically imply that the UV completion is fine tuned. Instead, it gives a
type of upper bound on the severity of the actual tuning in the UV completion;
the actual tuning can be less severe than the naive tuning or even
non-existent. (2) Within an effective theory, there appear to be two types of
parameter relations that can alleviate the sensitivity of the scalar mass to
the cutoff --- relationships among dimensionless couplings or relationships
among dimensionful parameters. Supersymmetric models provide symmetry-motivated
examples of the former, while scale-invariant models give symmetry-motivated
examples of the latter.Comment: 13 page
More on Generalized Heisenberg Ferromagnet Models

We generalize the integrable Heisenberg ferromagnet model according to each
Hermitian symmetric spaces and address various new aspects of the generalized
model. Using the first order formalism of generalized spins which are defined
on the coadjoint orbits of arbitrary groups, we construct a Lagrangian of the
generalized model from which we obtain the Hamiltonian structure explicitly in
the case of $CP(N-1)$ orbit. The gauge equivalence between the generalized
Heisenberg ferromagnet and the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger models is given. Using
the equivalence, we find infinitely many conserved integrals of both models.Comment: 11 page
Plastisol Foaming Process. Decomposition of the Foaming Agent, Polymer Behavior in the Corresponding Temperature Range and Resulting Foam Properties

The decomposition of azodicarbonamide, used as foaming agent in PVC - plasticizer (1/1) plastisols was studied by DSC. Nineteen different plasticizers, all belonging to the ester family, two being polymeric (polyadipates), were compared. The temperature of maximum decomposition rate (in anisothermal regime at 5 K min-1 scanning rate), ranges between 434 and 452 K. The heat of decomposition ranges between 8.7 and 12.5 J g -1. Some trends of variation of these parameters appear significant and are discussed in terms of solvent (matrix) and viscosity effects on the decomposition reactions. The shear modulus at 1 Hz frequency was determined at the temperature of maximum rate of foaming agent decomposition, and differs significantly from a sample to another. The foam density was determined at ambient temperature and the volume fraction of bubbles was used as criterion to judge the efficiency of the foaming process. The results reveal the existence of an optimal shear modulus of the order of 2 kPa that corresponds roughly to plasticizer molar masses of the order of 450 ± 50 g mol-1. Heavier plasticizers, especially polymeric ones are too difficult to deform. Lighter plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) deform too easily and presumably facilitate bubble collapse
A predictive surface profile model for turning based on spectral analysis

This article presents a predictive approach of surface topography based on the FFT analysis of surface profiles. From a set of experimental machining tests, the parameters investigated are: feed per revolution, insert nose radius, depth of cut and cutting speed. The first step of the analysis consists of normalizing the measured profiles with the feed per revolution. This results in normalized profiles with a feed per revolution and a signal period equal to 1. The effect of each cutting parameter on the surface profile is expressed as a spectrum with respect to the period length. These effects are quantified and can be sorted in descending order of importance as feed per revolution, insert nose radius, depth of cut and cutting speed. The second part of the paper presents a modeling of the surface profile using the parameters effects and one interaction. The proposed model gives the spectrum of the profile to be predicted. The inverse Fourier transform applied to the spectrum yields the expected surface profile. Measured and simulated profiles are compared for two cutting conditions and results correlate well
Accounting for the fictitious : a Marxist contribution to understanding accounting's roles in the financial crisis

This paper presents a contribution to the debates surrounding the culpability of accounting in the recent financial crisis. It adopts a Marxist theoretical perspective concentrating mainly on Marx’s work on fictitious capital. Fictitious capital is any form of investment (for example bonds, stocks, derivatives, and collateralized debt obligations) which is based upon the expectation of future returns. According to Marx while fictitious capital is useful to capitalism, it cannot create value – only human labour can do that. The recent crisis was exacerbated by the significant amounts of investment which were made in extreme forms of fictitious capital. The paper argues that the accounting profession’s adoption of financial economic rationalities meant that it helped to animate the form of financialised neo-liberalism which dominated at the time of the crisis. The accounting profession and accounting academia have implemented and propagated technologies and rationalities which enabled, legitimised, and drove the activities of business in general and financial institutions in particular in the run up to and since the crisis. While, accounting could be seen as being complicit in the crisis, it is important to remember that it was a capitalist crisis. The intuitional structures of accounting mean that it is susceptible of being captured by the most powerful in society
Evaluating VSEs viewpoint and sentiment towards the ISO/IEC 29110 standard: a two country grounded theory study

The ISO/IEC 29110 standard has at its core a Management and Engineering Guide [1] which are targeted at very small entities (enterprises, organizations, departments or projects) having up to 25 people [2], to assist them unlock the potential benefits of using standards which are specifically designed to address their needs. This paper is concerned with understanding the issues that affect the adoption of software process standards by Very Small Entities (VSEs), their needs from process standards and their willingness to engage with the new ISO/IEC 29110 standard in particular. This paper bring together two complimentary studies undertaken in Ireland and Ecuador which pose questions to VSE management regarding opinions, attitude and sentiment towards the adoption of the VSE designed standard ISO/IEC 29110. A series of interviews were untaken in both countries counties with qualitative data analysis utilizing the grounded theory coding mechanisms, to produce a picture of the current situation. This paper serves as a roadmap for both researchers wishing to understand the issues of process standards adoption by very small companies and also for the software process standards community
The effect of direct thermal method, temperature and time on microstructure of a cast aluminium alloy

The direct thermal method is used for the creation of globular microstructures suitable for semi-solid metal forming. In this paper both simulation and experimental results using direct thermal method are presented. ProCAST® software was used to estimate temperature distribution inside the aluminium billet. In validation work, molten aluminium A356 was poured into metallic copper tube moulds and cooled down to the semi-solid temperature before being quenched in water at room temperature. The effect of pouring temperatures of 630°C, 650°C, 665°C, 680°C and holding times of 45s and 60s on the microstructure of aluminium A356 alloy were investigated. The simulation results showed that the average temperature rate within the copper mould, from initial pouring temperature to just before quenching, was approximately 1°C/s. Examination of the solidified microstructures showed that the microstructure was more spherical when lower pouring temperatures and holding periods were used. From the micrographs it was found that the most globular and smallest structures were achieved at processing parameters of 630°C and 45s
An ITS architecture specification - The FOTsis project experience

The recent continuous development of Cooperative ITS has resulted in several initiatives which focus on different parts of the Cooperative environment landscape. The FOTsis project focuses on the infrastructure side of the Cooperative environment and will deploy and test 7 services designed to maximise the benefits of the integration of the road operator and infrastructure-based information providers into the ITS environment. This paper describes the current status of the project and focuses on the road safety approach within the project: safety services and safety impact assessment. The outlook on the project's next steps is given in the last section of the paper
Discovery of causal mechanisms: Oxidative phosphorylation and the Calvin-Benson cycle

We investigate the context of discovery of two significant achievements of 20th century biochemistry: the chemiosmotic mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation (proposed in 1961 by Peter Mitchell) and the dark reaction of photosynthesis (elucidated from 1946 to 1954 by Melvin Calvin and Andrew A. Benson). The pursuit of these problems involved discovery strategies such as the transfer, recombination and reversal of previous causal and mechanistic knowledge in biochemistry. We study the operation and scope of these strategies by careful historical analysis, reaching a number of systematic conclusions: 1) Even basic strategies can illuminate "hard cases" of scientific discovery that go far beyond simple extrapolation or analogy; 2) the causal-mechanical approach to discovery permits a middle course between the extremes of a completely substrate-neutral and a completely domain-specific view of scientific discovery; 3) the existing literature on mechanism discovery underemphasizes the role of combinatorial approaches in defining and exploring search spaces of possible problem solutions; 4) there is a subtle interplay between a fine-grained mechanistic and a more coarse-grained causal level of analysis, and both are needed to make discovery processes intelligible
Quantum Mechanics and Paradigm Shifts

It has been argued that the transition from classical to quantum mechanics is an example of a Kuhnian scientific revolution, in which there is a shift from the simple, intuitive, straightforward classical paradigm, to the quantum, convoluted, counterintuitive, amazing new quantum paradigm. In this paper, after having clarified what these quantum paradigms are supposed to be, I analyze whether they constitute a radical departure from the classical paradigm. Contrary to what is commonly maintained, I argue that, in addition to radical quantum paradigms, there are also legitimate ways of understanding the quantum world that do not require any substantial change to the classical\ud
paradigm
Frequency dependence 3.0: an attempt at codifying the evolutionary ecology perspective

The fitness concept and perforce the definition of frequency independent fitnesses from population genetics is closely tied to discrete time population models with non-overlapping generations. Evolutionary ecologists generally focus on trait evolution through repeated mutant substitutions in populations with complicated life histories. This goes with using the per capita invasion speed of mutants as their fitness. In this paper we develop a concept of frequency independence that attempts to capture the practical use of the term by ecologists, which although inspired by population genetics rarely fits its strict definition. We propose to call the invasion fitnesses of a eco-evolutionary model frequency independent when the phenotypes can be ranked by competitive strength, measured by who can invade whom. This is equivalent to the absence of weak priority effects, protected dimorphisms and rock-scissor-paper configurations. Our concept differs from that of Heino et al. (TREE 13:367.370, 1998) in that it is based only on the signs of the invasion fitnesses, whereas Heino et al. based their definitions on the structure of the feedback environment, summarising the effect of all direct and indirect interactions between individuals on fitness. As it urns out, according to our new definition an eco-evolutionary model has frequency independent fitnesses if and only if the effect of the feedback environment on the fitness signs can be summarised by a single scalar with monotonic effect. This may be compared with Heino et al.'s concept of trivial frequency dependence defined by the environmental feedback influencing fitness, and not just its sign, in a scalar manner, without an monotonicity restriction. As it turns out, absence of the latter restriction leaves room for rock-scissor-paper configurations. Since in 'realisic' (as opposed to toy) models frequency independence is exceedingly rare, we also define a concept of weak frequency dependence, which can be interpreted intuitively as almost frequency independence, and analyse in which sense and to what extent the restrictions on the potential model otcomes of the frequency independent case stay intact for models with weak frequency dependence
Two-loop helicity amplitudes for the production of two off-shell electroweak bosons in quark-antiquark collisions

Knowledge of two-loop QCD amplitudes for processes q q ′ → V 1 V 2 → l 1 l ¯ 1 ′ l 2 l ¯ 2 ′ $$ qq^{\prime}\to {V}_1{V}_2\to \left({l}_1{\overline{l}}_1^{\prime}\right)\left({l}_2{\overline{l}}_2^{\prime}\right) $$ is important for improving the theoretical description of four-lepton production in hadron collisions. In this paper we compute these helicity amplitudes for all intermediate vector bosons, V 1 V 2 = γ * γ * , W + W − , ZZ , W ± Z , W ± γ * , including off-shell effects and decays to leptons
Non-associative geometry and the spectral action principle

Chamseddine and Connes have argued that the action for Einstein gravity, coupled to the SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) standard model of particle physics, may be elegantly recast as the “spectral action” on a certain “non-commutative geometry.” In this paper, we show how this formalism may be extended to “non-associative geometries,” and explain the motivations for doing so. As a guiding illustration, we present the simplest non-associative geometry (based on the octonions) and evaluate its spectral action: it describes Einstein gravity coupled to a G 2 gauge theory, with 8 Dirac fermions (which transform as a singlet and a septuplet under G 2 ). This is just the simplest example: in a forthcoming paper we show how to construct more realistic models that include Higgs fields, spontaneous symmetry breaking and fermion masses
Finite-volume spectra of the Lee-Yang model

We consider the non-unitary Lee-Yang minimal model ℳ 2 , 5 $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{M}}\left(2,\;5\right) $$ in three different finite geometries: (i) on the interval with integrable boundary conditions labelled by the Kac labels ( r, s ) = (1 , 1) , (1 , 2), (ii) on the circle with periodic boundary conditions and (iii) on the periodic circle including an integrable purely transmitting defect. We apply φ 1,3 integrable perturbations on the boundary and on the defect and describe the flow of the spectrum. Adding a Φ 1,3 integrable perturbation to move off-criticality in the bulk, we determine the finite size spectrum of the massive scattering theory in the three geometries via Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equations. We derive these integral equations for all excitations by solving, in the continuum scaling limit, the TBA functional equations satisfied by the transfer matrices of the associated A 4 RSOS lattice model of Forrester and Baxter in Regime III. The excitations are classified in terms of ( m, n ) systems. The excited state TBA equations agree with the previously conjectured equations in the boundary and periodic cases. In the defect case, new TBA equations confirm previously conjectured transmission factors
Phase structures of the black D p -D( p + 4)-brane system in various ensembles I: thermal stability

When the D( p + 4)-brane ( p = 0 , 1 , 2) with delocalized D p charges is put into equilibrium with a spherical thermal cavity, the two kinds of charges can be put into canonical or grand canonical ensemble independently by setting different conditions at the boundary. Using the thermal stability condition, we discuss the phase structures of various ensembles of this system formed in this way and find out the situations that the black brane could be the final stable phase in these ensembles. In particular, van der Waals-like phase transitions can happen when D0 and D4 charges are in different kinds of ensembles. Furthermore, our results indicate that the D( p + 4)-branes and the delocalized D p -branes are equipotent
Identification of continuous-time Hammerstein systems by simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation

This paper proposes an identification method for Hammerstein systems using simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). Here, the structure of nonlinear subsystem is assumed to be unknown, while the structure of linear subsystem, such as the system order, is assumed to be available. The main advantage of the SPSA-based method is that it can be applied to identification of Hammerstein systems with less restrictive assumptions. In order to clarify this point, piecewise affine functions with a large number of parameters are adopted to approximate the unknown nonlinear subsystems. Furthermore, the linear subsystems are supposed to be described in continuous-time. Though this class of systems closely reflects the actual systems, there are few methods to identify such models. Hence, the SPSA-based method is utilized to identify the parameters in both linear and nonlinear subsystems simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through several numerical examples. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is useful to obtain accurate models, even for high-dimensional parameter identification
A study on the inclusion of forest canopy morphology data in numerical simulations for the purpose of wind resource assessment

A series of numerical simulations of the flow over a forest stand have been conducted using two different turbulence closure models along with various levels of canopy morphology data. Simulations have been validated against Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry measurements from a wind tunnel study using one hundred architectural model trees, the porosities of which have been assessed using a photographic technique.\ud
It has been found that an accurate assessment of the porosity of the canopy, and specifically the variability with height, improves simulation quality regardless of the turbulence closure model used or the level of canopy geometry included. The observed flow field and recovery of the wake is in line with characteristic canopy flows published in the literature and it was found that the Shear Stress Transport turbulence model was best able to capture this detail numerically