pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The 3-loop non-singlet heavy flavor contributions to the structure function g1(x,Q2) at large momentum transfer

We calculate the massive flavor non-singlet Wilson coefficient for the heavy flavor contributions to the polarized structure function g1(x,Q2) in the asymptotic region Q2≫m2 to 3-loop order in Quantum Chromodynamics at general values of the Mellin variable N and the momentum fraction x , and derive heavy flavor corrections to the Bjorken sum-rule. Numerical results are presented for the charm quark contribution. Results on the structure function g2(x,Q2) in the twist-2 approximation are also given
Driven holographic CFTs

We study the dynamical evolution of strongly coupled field theories, initially in thermal equilibrium, under the influence of an external driving force. We model the field theory holographically using classical gravitational dynamics in an asymptotically AdS spacetime. The system is driven by a source for a (composite) scalar operator. We focus on a scenario where the external source is periodic in time and chart out the response of several observables. We find an interesting phase structure in the response as a function of the amplitude of the source and driving frequency. Specifically the system transitions from a dissipation dominated phase, via a dynamical crossover to a highly resonant amplification phase. The diagnostics of these phases include the response of the operator in question, entropy production, energy fluctuations, and the temporal change of entanglement entropy for small subsystems. We comment on evidence for a potential phase transition in the energy fluctuations of the system
Sedation/analgesia practices in neonatal intensive care units: Results from the prospective observational EUROPAIN study

Background:\ud
\ud
Neonates who are in pain or are stressed during care in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often given sedation or analgesia. We investigated the current use of sedation or analgesia in neonatal ICUs (NICUs) in European countries.\ud
Methods:\ud
\ud
EUROPAIN (EUROpean Pain Audit In Neonates) was a prospective cohort study of the management of sedation and analgesia in patients in NICUs. All neonates admitted to NICUs during 1 month were included in this study. Data on demographics, methods of respiration, use of continuous or intermittent sedation, analgesia, or neuromuscular blockers, pain assessments, and drug withdrawal syndromes were gathered during the first 28 days of admission to NICUs. Multivariable linear regression models and propensity scores were used to assess the association between duration of tracheal ventilation (TV) and exposure to opioids, sedatives-hypnotics, or general anaesthetics in neonates (O-SH-GA). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01694745.\ud
Findings:\ud
\ud
From Oct 1, 2012, to June 30, 2013, 6680 neonates were enrolled in 243 NICUs in 18 European countries. Mean gestational age of these neonates was 35·0 weeks (SD 4·6) and birthweight was 2384 g (1007). 2142 (32%) neonates were given TV, 1496 (22%) non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and 3042 (46%) were kept on spontaneous ventilation (SV). 1746 (82%), 266 (18%), and 282 (9%) neonates in the TV, NIV, and SV groups, respectively, were given sedation or analgesia as a continuous infusion, intermittent doses, or both (p<0·0001). In the participating NICUs, the median use of sedation or analgesia was 89·3% (70·0–100) for neonates in the TV group. Opioids were given to 1764 (26%) of 6680 neonates and to 1589 (74%) of 2142 neonates in the TV group. Midazolam was given to 576 (9%) of 6680 neonates and 536 (25%) neonates of 2142 neonates in the TV group. 542 (25%) neonates in the TV group were given neuromuscular blockers, which were administered as continuous infusions to 146 (7%) of these neonates. Pain assessments were recorded in 1250 (58%) of 2138, 672 (45%) of 1493, and 916 (30%) of 3017 neonates in the TV, NIV, and SV groups, respectively (p<0·0001). In the univariate analysis, neonates given O-SH-GA in the TV group needed a longer duration of TV than did those who were not given O-SH-GA (mean 136·2 h [SD 173·1] vs 39·8 h [94·7] h; p<0·0001). Multivariable and propensity score analyses confirmed this association (p<0·0001).\ud
Interpretation:\ud
\ud
Wide variations in sedation and analgesia practices occur between NICUs and countries. Widespread use of O-SH-GA in intubated neonates might prolong their need for mechanical ventilation, but further research is needed to investigate the therapeutic and adverse effects of O-SH-GA in neonates, and to develop new and safe approaches for sedation and analgesia.\ud
Funding:\ud
\ud
European Community's Seventh Framework Programme.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Di-Higgs final states augMT2ed – Selecting hh events at the high luminosity LHC.

Higgs boson self-interactions can be investigated via di-Higgs (pp→hh+X) production at the LHC. With a small O(30) fb Standard Model production cross section, and a large View the MathML source background, this measurement has been considered challenging, even at a luminosity-upgraded LHC. We demonstrate that by using simple kinematic bounding variables, of the sort already employed in existing LHC searches, the dominant View the MathML source background can be largely eliminated. Simulations of the signal and the dominant background demonstrate the prospect for measurement of the di-Higgs production cross section at the 30% level using 3 ab−1 of integrated luminosity at a high luminosity LHC. This corresponds to a Higgs self-coupling determination with 60% accuracy in the View the MathML source mode, with potential for further improvements from e.g. subjet technologies and from additional di-Higgs decay channels
Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 2. Comparison with the geomagnetic data

We investigate the relationship between interdiurnal variation geomagnetic activity indices, IDV and IDV(1d), corrected sunspot number, R{sub}C{\sub}, and the group sunspot number R{sub}G{\sub}. R{sub}C{\sub} uses corrections for both the “Waldmeier discontinuity”, as derived in Paper 1 [Lockwood et al., 2014c], and the “Wolf discontinuity” revealed by Leussu et al. [2013]. We show that the simple correlation of the geomagnetic indices with R{sub}C{\sub}{sup}n{\sup} or R{sub}G{\sub}{sup}n{\sup} masks a considerable solar cycle variation. Using IDV(1d) or IDV to predict or evaluate the sunspot numbers, the errors are almost halved by allowing for the fact that the relationship varies over the solar cycle. The results indicate that differences between R{sub}C{\sub} and R{sub}G{\sub} have a variety of causes and are highly unlikely to be attributable to errors in either R{sub}G{\sub} alone, as has recently been assumed. Because it is not known if R{sub}C{\sub} or R{sub}G{\sub} is a better predictor of open flux emergence before 1874, a simple sunspot number composite is suggested which, like R{sub}G{\sub}, enables modelling of the open solar flux for 1610 onwards in Paper 3, but maintains the characteristics of R{sub}C{\sub}
Interactions between defining, explaining and classifying: The case of increasing and decreasing sequences

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10649-016-9709-4This paper describes a study in which we investigated relationships between defining\ud
mathematical concepts|increasing and decreasing infinite sequences|explaining their meanings, and classifying consistently with formal definitions. We explored the effect of defining, explaining, or studying a definition on subsequent classification, and the effect of classifying on subsequent\ud
explaining and defining. We report that 1) student-generated definitions and explanations were highly variable in content and quality; 2) explicitly considering the meaning of the concept facilitated\ud
subsequent classification, and giving a personal definition or explanation had a greater effect than studying a given definition; 3) classifying before defining or explaining resulted in significantly\ud
poorer definitions and explanations. We discuss the implications of these results for the teaching of abstract pure mathematics, relating our discussion to existing work on the concept image/concept\ud
definition distinction and on working with examples
Affine extensions of non-crystallographic Coxeter groups induced by projection

In this paper, we show that affine extensions of non-crystallographic Coxeter groups can be derived via Coxeter-Dynkin diagram foldings and projections of affine extended versions of the root systems E_8, D_6 and A_4. We show that the induced affine extensions of the non-crystallographic groups H_4, H_3 and H_2 correspond to a distinguished subset of those considered in [P.-P. Dechant, C. Boehm, and R. Twarock, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45, 285202 (2012)]. This class of extensions was motivated by physical applications in icosahedral systems in biology (viruses), physics (quasicrystals) and chemistry (fullerenes). By connecting these here to extensions of E_8, D_6 and A_4, we place them into the broader context of crystallographic lattices such as E_8, suggesting their potential for applications in high energy physics, integrable systems and modular form theory. By inverting the projection, we make the case for admitting different number fields in the Cartan matrix, which could open up enticing possibilities in hyperbolic geometry and rational conformal field theory
Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs
  violating Bell's inequality

Global, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of
entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized
using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source
combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven
elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating
polarization-entangled photon-pairs that strongly violates Bell's inequality. A
highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated
in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient
light extraction. We collect $\sim$200 kHz entangled photon-pairs at the first
lens under 80\,MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as
compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed
Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear
violation ($S_{\text{CHSH}}>2$) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a
novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance
to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity
($F=0.817\,\pm\,0.002$) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection,
allowing for the violation of Bell's inequality in the rectilinear-circular
basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light
sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication
utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum
repeater protocols
QCD corrections to $W^+W^-$ production through gluon fusion

We compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the $gg \to W^+
W^- \to l^+_1 \nu_1 l^-_2 \bar \nu_2$ process, mediated by a massless quark
loop, at the LHC. This process first contributes to the hadroproduction of
$W^+W^-$ at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s^2)$, but, nevertheless, has a sizable impact
on the total production rate. We find that the NLO QCD corrections to the $gg
\to W^+W^-$ process amount to ${\cal O}(50)$%, and increase the NNLO QCD cross
sections of $pp \to W^+W^-$ by approximately two percent, at both the 8 TeV and
13 TeV LHC. We also compute the NLO corrections to gluonic $W^+W^-$ production
within a fiducial volume used by the ATLAS collaboration in their 8 TeV
measurement of the $W^+W^-$ production rate and find that the QCD corrections
are significantly smaller than in the inclusive case. While the current
experimental uncertainties are still too large to make these differences
relevant, the observed strong dependence of perturbative corrections on
kinematic cuts underscores that extrapolation from a fiducial measurement to
the total cross section is an extremely delicate matter, and calls for the
direct comparison of fiducial volume measurements with corresponding
theoretical computations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into $b\bar{b}$
  produced in association with top quarks decaying hadronically in $pp$
  collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for Higgs boson production in association with a pair of top quarks
($t\bar{t}H$) is performed, where the Higgs boson decays to $b\bar{b}$, and
both top quarks decay hadronically. The data used correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV collected
with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search selects events
with at least six energetic jets and uses a boosted decision tree algorithm to
discriminate between signal and Standard Model background. The dominant
multijet background is estimated using a dedicated data-driven technique. For a
Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an upper limit of 6.4 (5.4) times the Standard
Model cross section is observed (expected) at 95% confidence level. The
best-fit value for the signal strength is $\mu = 1.6 \pm 2.6$ times the
Standard Model expectation for $m_{H} = 125$ GeV. Combining all $t\bar{t}H$
searches carried out by ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}=8$ and 7 TeV, an observed (expected)
upper limit of 3.1 (1.4) times the Standard Model expectation is obtained at
95% confidence level, with a signal strength $\mu = 1.7 \pm 0.8$.Comment: 30 pages plus author list + cover pages (53 pages total), 14 figures,
  9 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2015-05
Incremental Noising and its Fractal Behavior

This manuscript is about further elucidating the concept of noising. The
concept of noising first appeared in \cite{CVPR14}, in the context of curvature
estimation and vertex localization on planar shapes. There are indications that
noising can play for global methods the role smoothing plays for local methods
in this task. This manuscript is about investigating this claim by introducing
incremental noising, in a recursive deterministic manner, analogous to how
smoothing is extended to progressive smoothing in similar tasks. As
investigating the properties and behavior of incremental noising is the purpose
of this manuscript, a surprising connection between incremental noising and
progressive smoothing is revealed by the experiments. To explain this
phenomenon, the fractal and the space filling properties of the two methods
respectively, are considered in a unifying context.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Measurement of J/ψ production in pp collisions at √s=2.76TeV

The production of J/ψ mesons is studied with the LHCb detector using data from pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 71 nb−1 .
The differential cross-section for inclusive J/ψ production is measured as a function of its transverse momentum pT. The cross-section in the fiducial region 0 < pT < 12 GeV/c and
rapidity 2.0 < y < 4.5 is measured to be 5.6±0.1 (stat)±0.4 (syst) µb, with the assumption of unpolarised J/ψ production. The fraction of J/ψ production from b-hadron decays is measured to be (7.1 ± 0.6 (stat) ± 0.7 (syst))%
Evolutionary and paleobiological implications of Coleoptera (Insecta) from Tethyan-inﬂuenced Cretaceous ambers

The intense study of coleopteran inclusions from Spanish (Albian in age) and French (AlbianeSantonian in age) Cretaceous ambers, both of Laurasian origin, has revealed that the majority of samples belong to the Polyphaga suborder and, in contrast to the case of the compression fossils, only one family of Archostemata, one of Adephaga, and no Myxophaga suborders are represented. A total of 30 families from Spain and 16 families from France have been identified (with almost twice bioinclusions identified in Spain than in France); 13 of these families have their most ancient representatives within these ambers. A similar study had previously only been performed on Lebanese ambers (Barremian in age and Gondwanan in origin), recording 36 coleopteran families. Few lists of taxa were available for Myanmar (Burmese) amber (early Cenomanian in age and Laurasian in origin). Coleopteran families found in Cretaceous ambers share with their modern relatives mainly saproxylic and detritivorous habits in the larval or adult stages, rather than wood-boring behavior. Fifteen of the coleopteran families occur in both the Lebanese and Spanish ambers; while only five are present in both Spanish and French. Considering the paleogeographic proximity and similarity of age of the Spanish and French ambers, the small number of taxa found in common at both areas is surprising. The ancient origin for the Lebanese and Spanish ambers, the paleogeography (including some barriers for terrestrial biota) and the local paleohabitats are factors that may explain the dissimilarity with the French specimens. Wildfires are believed to be a more likely cause of resin production during the Cretaceous than infestation by beetles. Current knowledge of the beetle species found in the Cretaceous ambers is introduced
Tapping the power of local knowledge: A local-global interactive perspective

Existing theories of international business and strategy do not fully explain how local knowledge disadvantage faced by foreign investors can be mitigated. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study into four MNCs to investigate the micro-processes of how they generated value from their dispersed sources of local knowledge in China. The results suggest an interactive model: that MNCs employed management processes encompassing three strategically interconnected efforts—global knowledge penetration, local-global knowledge blending, and local-global knowledge integration. The model highlights the interplay between global and local knowledge and challenges extant research that solely focuses on the transfer of either home-based or local knowledge
Measurement of inclusive jet charged-particle fragmentation functions in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of charged-particle fragmentation functions of jets produced in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions can provide insight into the modification of parton showers in the hot, dense medium created in the collisions. ATLAS has measured jets in root S-NN = 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC using a data set recorded in 2011 with an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb(-1). Jets were reconstructed using the anti-k(t) algorithm with distance parameter values R = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Distributions of charged-particle transverse momentum and longitudinal momentum fraction are reported for seven bins in collision centrality for R = 0.4 jets with p(T)(jet) > 100 GeV. Commensurate minimum p(T) values are used for the other radii. Ratios of fragment distributions in each centrality bin to those measured in the most peripheral bin are presented. These ratios show a reduction of fragment yield in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions at intermediate z values, 0.04 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.2, and an enhancement in fragment yield for z less than or similar to 0.04. A smaller, less significant enhancement is observed at large z and large p(T) in central collisions
Numerical computation of 3D heat transfer in complex parallel convective exchangers using generalized Graetz modes

International audienceWe propose and develop a variational formulation dedicated to the simulation of parallel convective heat exchangers that handles possibly complex input/output conditions as well as connection between pipes. It is based on a spectral method that allows to re-cast three-dimensional heat exchangers into a two-dimensional eigenvalue problem, named the generalized Graetz problem. Our formulation handles either convective, adiabatic, or prescribed temperature at the entrance or at the exit of the exchanger. This formulation is robust to mode truncation, offering a huge reduction in computational cost, and providing insights into the most contributing structure to exchanges and transfers. Several examples of heat exchangers are analyzed, their numerical convergence is tested and the numerical efficiency of the approach is illustrated in the case of Poiseuille flow in tubes
Pseudoconvex domains spread over complex homogeneous manifolds

Using the concept of inner integral curves defined by Hirschowitz we
generalize a recent result by Kim, Levenberg and Yamaguchi concerning the
obstruction of a pseudoconvex domain spread over a complex homogeneous manifold
to be Stein. This is then applied to study the holomorphic reduction of
pseudoconvex complex homogeneous manifolds X=G/H. Under the assumption that G
is solvable or reductive we prove that X is the total space of a G-equivariant
holomorphic fiber bundle over a Stein manifold such that all holomorphic
functions on the fiber are constant.Comment: 21 page
Thermodynamic promotion of carbon dioxide-clathrate hydrate formation by tetrahydrofuran, cyclopentane and their mixtures

International audienceGas clathrate hydrate dissociation pressures are reported for mixtures of carbon dioxide, water and thermodynamic promoters forming structure II hydrates. Hydrate (H)-aqueous liquid (Lw)-vapour (V) equilibrium pressures for the ternary system composed of water, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and carbon dioxide (CO2), with 5.0 mole percent THF in the initial aqueous phase, are presented in the temperature range from 283.3 K to 285.2 K. At 283.3 K, the three-phase equilibrium pressure is determined to be 0.61 MPa (absolute pressure). Four-phase hydrate (H)-aqueous liquid (Lw)-organic liquid (La)-vapour (V) equilibrium data are presented for the ternary system of water-cyclopentane-carbon dioxide at temperatures ranging from 285.2 K down to 275.5 K. New four-phase H-Lw-La-V equilibrium data for the quaternary system water-THF-cyclopentane-carbon dioxide are presented in the temperature range from 275.1 K to 286.6 K. It is shown that upon adding THF to the pure aqueous phase to form a 4 mass percent solution, the equilibrium pressure of the formed hydrates may be lowered compared to the ternary system of water, cyclopentane and carbon dioxide
Maternal epigenetic pathways control parental contributions to Arabidopsis early embryogenesis.

International audienceDefining the contributions and interactions of paternal and maternal genomes during embryo development is critical to understand the fundamental processes involved in hybrid vigor, hybrid sterility, and reproductive isolation. To determine the parental contributions and their regulation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis, we combined deep-sequencing-based RNA profiling and genetic analyses. At the 2-4 cell stage there is a strong, genome-wide dominance of maternal transcripts, although transcripts are contributed by both parental genomes. At the globular stage the relative paternal contribution is higher, largely due to a gradual activation of the paternal genome. We identified two antagonistic maternal pathways that control these parental contributions. Paternal alleles are initially downregulated by the chromatin siRNA pathway, linked to DNA and histone methylation, whereas transcriptional activation requires maternal activity of the histone chaperone complex CAF1. Our results define maternal epigenetic pathways controlling the parental contributions in plant embryos, which are distinct from those regulating genomic imprinting