pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
PS1-10afx at z = 1.388: Pan-STARRS1 Discovery of a New Type of Superluminous Supernova

We present the Pan-STARRS1 discovery of PS1-10afx, a unique hydrogen-deficient superluminous supernova (SLSN) at redshift z = 1.388. The light curve peaked at z P1 = 21.7 mag, making PS1-10afx comparable to the most luminous known SNe, with Mu = –22.3 mag. Our extensive optical and near-infrared observations indicate that the bolometric light curve of PS1-10afx rose on the unusually fast timescale of ~12 days to the extraordinary peak luminosity of 4.1 × 1044 erg s–1 (M bol = –22.8 mag) and subsequently faded rapidly. Equally important, the spectral energy distribution is unusually red for an SLSN, with a color temperature of ~6800 K near maximum light, in contrast to previous hydrogen-poor SLSNe, which are bright in the ultraviolet (UV). The spectra more closely resemble those of a normal SN Ic than any known SLSN, with a photospheric velocity of ~11, 000 km s–1 and evidence for line blanketing in the rest-frame UV. Despite the fast rise, these parameters imply a very large emitting radius (gsim 5 × 1015 cm). We demonstrate that no existing theoretical model can satisfactorily explain this combination of properties: (1) a nickel-powered light curve cannot match the combination of high peak luminosity with the fast timescale; (2) models powered by the spindown energy of a rapidly rotating magnetar predict significantly hotter and faster ejecta; and (3) models invoking shock breakout through a dense circumstellar medium cannot explain the observed spectra or color evolution. The host galaxy is well detected in pre-explosion imaging with a luminosity near L*, a star formation rate of ~15 M ☉ yr–1, and is fairly massive (~2 × 1010 M ☉), with a stellar population age of ~108 yr, also in contrast to the young dwarf hosts of known hydrogen-poor SLSNe. PS1-10afx is distinct from known examples of SLSNe in its spectra, colors, light-curve shape, and host galaxy properties, suggesting that it resulted from a different channel than other hydrogen-poor SLSNe.Astronom
Forster resonance energy transfer, absorption and emission spectra in
  multichromophoric systems: III. Exact stochastic path integral evaluation

A numerically exact path integral treatment of the absorption and emission
spectra of open quantum systems is presented that requires only the
straightforward solution of a stochastic differential equation. The approach
converges rapidly enabling the calculation of spectra of large excitonic
systems across the complete range of system parameters and for arbitrary bath
spectral densities. With the numerically exact absorption and emission
operators one can also immediately compute energy transfer rates using the
multi-chromophoric Forster resonant energy transfer formalism. Benchmark
calculations on the emission spectra of two level systems are presented
demonstrating the efficacy of the stochastic approach. This is followed by
calculations of the energy transfer rates between two weakly coupled dimer
systems as a function of temperature and system-bath coupling strength. It is
shown that the recently developed hybrid cumulant expansion is the only
perturbative method capable of generating uniformly reliable energy transfer
rates and spectra across a broad range of system parameters.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Analysing powers and spin correlations in deuteron-proton charge
  exchange at 726 MeV

The charge exchange of vector polarised deuterons on a polarised hydrogen
target has been studied in a high statistics experiment at the COSY-ANKE
facility at a deuteron beam energy of Td = 726 MeV. By selecting two fast
protons at low relative energy E_{pp}, the measured analysing powers and spin
correlations are sensitive to interference terms between specific
neutron-proton charge-exchange amplitudes at a neutron kinetic energy of Tn ~
1/2 Td =363 MeV. An impulse approximation calculation, which takes into account
corrections due to the angular distribution in the diproton, describes
reasonably the dependence of the data on both E_{pp} and the momentum transfer.
This lends broad support to the current neutron-proton partial-wave solution
that was used in the estimation
YBCO microwave resonators for strong collective coupling with spin
  ensembles

Coplanar microwave resonators made of 330 nm-thick superconducting YBCO have
been realized and characterized in a wide temperature ($T$, 2-100 K) and
magnetic field ($B$, 0-7 T) range. The quality factor $Q_L$ exceeds 10$^4$
below 55 K and it slightly decreases for increasing fields, remaining 90$\%$ of
$Q_L(B=0)$ for $B=7$ T and $T=2$ K. These features allow the coherent coupling
of resonant photons with a spin ensemble at finite temperature and magnetic
field. To demonstrate this, collective strong coupling was achieved by using
DPPH organic radical placed at the magnetic antinode of the fundamental mode:
the in-plane magnetic field is used to tune the spin frequency gap splitting
across the single-mode cavity resonance at 7.75 GHz, where clear anticrossings
are observed with a splitting as large as $\sim 82$ MHz at $T=2$ K. The
spin-cavity collective coupling rate is shown to scale as the square root of
the number of active spins in the ensemble.Comment: to appear in Appl. Phys. Let
Fast Compact Laser Shutter Using a Direct Current Motor and 3D Printing

We present a mechanical laser shutter design that utilizes a DC electric
motor to rotate a blade which blocks and unblocks a light beam. The blade and
the main body of the shutter are modeled with computer aided design (CAD) and
are produced by 3D printing. Rubber flaps are used to limit the blade's range
of motion, reducing vibrations and preventing undesirable blade oscillations.
At its nominal operating voltage, the shutter achieves a switching speed of
(1.22 $\pm$ 0.02) m/s with 1 ms activation delay and 10 $\mu$s jitter in its
timing performance. The shutter design is simple, easy to replicate, and highly
reliable, showing no failure or degradation in performance over more than
$10^8$ cycles.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; supplementary materials for shutter replication
  added under "Ancillary files
Anomalies of the Entanglement Entropy in Chiral Theories

We study entanglement entropy in theories with gravitational or mixed U(1)
gauge-gravitational anomalies in two, four and six dimensions. In such theories
there is an anomaly in the entanglement entropy: it depends on the choice of
reference frame in which the theory is regulated. We discuss subtleties
regarding regulators and entanglement entropies in anomalous theories. We then
study the entanglement entropy of free chiral fermions and self-dual bosons and
show that in sufficiently symmetric situations this entanglement anomaly comes
from an imbalance in the flux of modes flowing through the boundary, controlled
by familiar index theorems. In two and four dimensions we use anomalous Ward
identities to find general expressions for the transformation of the
entanglement entropy under a diffeomorphism. (In the case of a mixed anomaly
there is an alternative presentation of the theory in which the entanglement
entropy is not invariant under a U(1) gauge transformation. The free-field
manifestation of this phenomenon involves a novel kind of fermion zero mode on
a gravitational background with a twist in the normal bundle to the entangling
surface.) We also study d-dimensional anomalous systems as the boundaries of d
+ 1 dimensional gapped Hall phases. Here the full system is non-anomalous, but
the boundary anomaly manifests itself in a change in the entanglement entropy
when the boundary metric is sheared relative to the bulk.Comment: 45 pages + appendices, 5 figure
Fossil group origins III. The relation between optical and X-ray luminosities

M.G. acknowledges financial support from the PRIN-INAF/2010 and MIUR PRIN/2010-2011 (J91J12000450001). E.D. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. J.M.A. acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDmorph; P.I. V. Wild). EMC is supported by Padua University (grants 60A02-1283/10, 5052/11, 4807/12). J.I.P. and J.V.M. acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MINECO under grant AYA2010-21887-C04-01, and from Junta de Andalucía Excellence Project PEX2011-FQM7058. This work has been supported by the Programa Nacional de Astronomía y Astrofísica of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grants AYA2010-21887-C04-04, AYA2007-67965-C03-01 and under the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program grant CSD2006-00070: First Science with the GTC (http://www.iac.es/consolider-ingenio-gtc). This work was partially funded by the local Canarian Government (grant ProID20100140).Aims. This study is part of the Fossil group origins (FOGO) project which aims to carry out a systematic and multiwavelength study of a large sample of fossil systems. Here we focus on the relation between the optical luminosity (Lopt) and X-ray luminosity (LX). Methods. Out of a total sample of 28 candidate fossil systems, we consider a sample of 12 systems whose fossil classification has been confirmed by a companion study. They are compared with the complementary sample of 16 systems whose fossil nature has not been confirmed and with a subsample of 102 galaxy systems from the RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. Fossil and normal systems span the same redshift range 0 <z< 0.5 and have the same LX distribution. For each fossil system, the LX in the 0.1-2.4keV band is computed using data from the ROSAT All Sky Survey to be comparable to the estimates of the comparison sample. For each fossil and normal system we homogeneously compute Lopt in the r-band within the characteristic cluster radius, using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7. Results. We sample the LX-Lopt relation over two orders of magnitude in LX. Our analysis shows that fossil systems are not statistically distinguishable from the normal systems through the 2D Kolmogorov-Smirnov test nor the fit of the LX-Lopt relation. Thus, the optical luminosity of the galaxy system does strongly correlate with the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas component, independently of whether the system is fossil or not. We discuss our results in comparison with previous literature. Conclusions. We conclude that our results are consistent with the classical merging scenario of the brightest galaxy formed via merger/cannibalism of other group galaxies with conservation of the optical light. We find no evidence for a peculiar state of the hot intracluster medium.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Measurement of the b-hadron production cross section using decays to D*+ μ − X final states in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The b-hadron production cross section is measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV, using 3.3 pb−1 of integrated luminosity, collected during the 2010 LHC run. The b-hadrons are selected by partially reconstructing D*+μ−X final states. Differential cross sections are measured as
functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured production cross section for a
b-hadron with pT > 9 GeV and |η| < 2.5 is 32.7±0.8(stat.)+4.5−6.8(syst.) μb, higher than the next-to-leadingorder
QCD predictions but consistent within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties
Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: A pilot project of the ENIGMA-DTI working group

The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium was set up to analyze brain measures and genotypes from multiple sites across the world to improve the power to detect genetic variants that influence the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) yields quantitative measures sensitive to brain development and degeneration, and some common genetic variants may be associated with white matter integrity or connectivity. DTI measures, such as the fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion, may be useful for identifying genetic variants that influence brain microstructure. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require large populations to obtain sufficient power to detect and replicate significant effects, motivating a multi-site consortium effort. As part of an ENIGMA-DTI working group, we analyzed high-resolution FA images from multiple imaging sites across North America, Australia, and Europe, to address the challenge of harmonizing imaging data collected at multiple sites. Four hundred images of healthy adults aged 18-85 from four sites were used to create a template and corresponding skeletonized FA image as a common reference space. Using twin and pedigree samples of different ethnicities, we used our common template to evaluate the heritability of tract-derived FA measures. We show that our template is reliable for integrating multiple datasets by combining results through meta-analysis and unifying the data through exploratory mega-analyses. Our results may help prioritize regions of the FA map that are consistently influenced by additive genetic factors for future genetic discovery studies. Protocols and templates are publicly available at (http://enigma.loni.ucla.edu/ongoing/dti-working-group/)
PROX1 Promotes Metabolic Adaptation and Fuels Outgrowth of Wnt(high) Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells

The Wnt pathway is abnormally activated in the majority of colorectal cancers, and significant knowledge has been gained in understanding its role in tumor initiation. However, the mechanisms of metastatic outgrowth in colorectal cancer remain a major challenge. We report that autophagy-dependent metabolic adaptation and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer cells is regulated by the target of oncogenic Wnt signaling, homeobox transcription factor PROX1, expressed by a subpopulation of colon cancer progenitor/stem cells. We identify direct PROX1 target genes and show that repression of a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family, BCL2L15, is important for survival of PROX1(+) cells under metabolic stress. PROX1 inactivation after the establishment of metastases prevented further growth of lesions. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition efficiently targeted metastatic PROX1(+) cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach. These data identify PROX1 as a key regulator of the transcriptional network contributing to metastases outgrowth in colorectal cancer
Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-rays from the blazar S5 0716+714

The MAGIC collaboration reports the detection of the blazar S5 0716+714 (z=0.31+-0.08) in very high energy gamma-rays. The observations were performed in November 2007 and in April 2008, and were triggered by the KVA telescope due to the high optical state of the object. An overall significance of the signal accounts to S =5.8 sigma for 13.1 hours of data. Most of the signal comes from the April 2008 data sample during a higher optical state of the object suggesting a possible correlation between the VHE gamma-ray and optical emissions. The differential energy spectrum of the 2008 data sample follows a power law with a photon index of Gamma = 3.45+-0.54_(stat)+-0.2_(sys), and the integral flux above 400 GeV is at the level of (7.5+-2.2_(stat)+-2.3_(sys))* 10^-12 cm^-2 s^-1. Modeling of the broad band spectral energy distribution indicates that a simple one zone synchrotron self-Compton model cannot describe the available data well whereas the structured jet model can
The 2010 very high energy gamma-ray flare and 10 years of multi-wavelength observations of M 87

The giant radio galaxy M 87 with its proximity (16 Mpc), famous jet, and very massive black hole ((3 − 6) x 10^9 Sun mass) provides a unique opportunity to investigate the origin of very high energy (VHE ; E&gt;100 GeV) gamma-ray emission generated in relativistic outflows and the surroundings of super-massive black holes. M 87 has been established as a VHE gamma-ray emitter since 2006. The VHE gamma-ray emission displays strong variability on time-scales as short as a day. In this paper, results from a joint VHE monitoring campaign on M 87 by the MAGIC and VERITAS instruments in 2010 are reported. During the campaign, a flare at VHE was detected triggering further observations at VHE (H.E.S.S.), X-rays (Chandra), and radio (43 GHz VLBA). The excellent sampling of the VHE gamma-ray light curve enables one to derive a precise temporal characterization of the flare: the single, isolated flare is well described by a two-sided exponential function with significantly different flux rise and decay times of τ_rise = (1.69 ± 0.30) days and τ_decay = (0.611 ± 0.080) days, respectively. While the overall variability pattern of the 2010 flare appears somewhat different from that of previous VHE flares in 2005 and 2008, they share very similar time-scales (∼day), peak fluxes (&gt;0.35 TeV (1 − 3) x 10^−11 ph cm^−2 s^−1), and VHE spectra. 43 GHz VLBA radio observations of the inner jet regions indicate no enhanced flux in 2010 in contrast to observations in 2008, where an increase of the radio flux of the innermost core regions coincided with a VHE flare. On the other hand, Chandra X-ray observations taken ∼ 3 days after the peak of the VHE gamma-ray emission reveal an enhanced flux from the core (flux increased by factor ∼ 2 ; variability time-scale &lt; 2 days). The long-term (2001-2010) multi-wavelength (MWL) light curve of M 87, spanning from radio to VHE and including data from HST, LT, VLA and EVN, is used to further investigate the origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission. No unique, common MWL signature of the three VHE flares has been identified. In the outer kpc jet region, in particular in HST-1, no enhanced MWL activity was detected in 2008 and 2010, disfavoring it as the origin of the VHE flares during these years. Shortly after two of the three flares (2008 and 2010), the X-ray core was observed to be at a higher flux level than its characteristic range (determined from more than 60 monitoring observations: 2002-2009). In 2005, the strong flux dominance of HST-1 could have suppressed the detection of such a feature. Published models for VHE gamma-ray emission from M 87 are reviewed in the light of the new data
Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q* decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton G[RS] decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W' decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W' to WZ and G[RS] to WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q* to qW, q* to qZ, W' to WZ, G[RS] to WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a "bulk" graviton G[Bulk] that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied
126GeV Higgs in next-to-minimal Universal Extra Dimensions

The discovery of a Higgs boson and precise measurements of its properties open a new window to test physics beyond the standard model. Models with Universal Extra Dimensions are not an exception. Kaluza–Klein excitations of the standard model particles contribute to the production and decay of the Higgs boson. In particular, parameters associated with third generation quarks are constrained by Higgs data, which are relatively insensitive to other searches often involving light quarks and leptons. We investigate implications of the 126GeV Higgs in next-to-minimal Universal Extra Dimensions, and show that boundary terms and bulk masses allow a lower compactification scale as compared to in minimal Universal Extra Dimensions
The one-loop worldsheet S-matrix for the AdS n × S n × T 10−2 n superstring

We compute the massive-sector worldsheet S-matrix for superstring theories in AdS n × S n × T 10−2 n (with n = 2 , 3 , 5) in the near BMN expansion up to one-loop order in inverse string tension. We show that, after taking into account the wave function renormalization, the one-loop S-matrix is UV finite. In an appropriate regularization scheme the S-matrix is consistent with the underlying symmetries of the superstring theory, i.e. for the n =3 , 5casesitcoincideswiththeoneimpliedbythelight-conegaugesymmetrieswiththe dressing phases determined from the crossing equations. For the n = 2 , 3 cases we observe that the massless modes decouple from the one-loop calculation of massive mode scattering, i.e. the 2 n -dimensional supercoset sigma model and the full 10-dimensional superstring happen to have the same massive one-loop S-matrix
Charge and frequency resolved isochronous mass spectrometry and the mass of 51 Co

Revolution frequency measurements of individual ions in storage rings require sophisticated timing detectors. One of common approaches for such detectors is the detection of secondary electrons released from a thin foil due to penetration of the stored ions. A new method based on the analysis of intensities of secondary electrons was developed which enables determination of the charge of each ion simultaneously with the measurement of its revolution frequency. Although the mass-over-charge ratios of 51 Co 27+ and 34 Ar 18+ ions are almost identical, and therefore, the ions cannot be resolved in a storage ring, by applying the new method the mass excess of the short-lived 51 Co is determined for the first time to be <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">ME</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mi></mrow><mprescripts/><none/><mrow><mn>51</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>27</mn><mspace width="0.2em"/><mn>342</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>48</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> keV</mtext></math> . Shell-model calculations in the fp -shell nuclei compared to the new data indicate the need to include isospin-nonconserving forces
On entanglement entropy functionals in higher-derivative gravity theories

In arXiv:1310.5713 [1] and arXiv:1310.6659 [2] a formula was proposed as the entanglement entropy functional for a general higher-derivative theory of gravity, whose lagrangian consists of terms containing contractions of the Riemann tensor. In this paper, we carry out some tests of this proposal. First, we find the surface equation of motion for general four-derivative gravity theory by minimizing the holographic entanglement entropy functional resulting from this proposed formula. Then we calculate the surface equation for the same theory using the generalized gravitational entropy method of arXiv:1304.4926 [3]. We find that the two do not match in their entirety. We also construct the holographic entropy functional for quasi-topological gravity, which is a six-derivative gravity theory. We find that this functional gives the correct universal terms. However, as in the R 2 case, the generalized gravitational entropy method applied to this theory does not give exactly the surface equation of motion coming from minimizing the entropy functional