pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Isospin dependence of the eta`meson production in nucleon-nucleon collisions

According to the quark model, the masses of eta and eta' mesons should be almost equal. However, the empirical values of these masses differ by more than the factor of two. Similarly, though the almost the same quark-antiquark content, the total cross section for the creation of these mesons close to the kinematical thresholds in the pp --> ppX reaction differs significantly. Using the COSY-11 detection setup we intend to determine whether this difference will also be so significant in the case of the production of these mesons in the proton-neutron scattering. Additionally, the comparison of the pp --> pp eta' and pn --> pn eta' total cross sections will allow to learn about the production of the eta' meson in the channels of isospin I = 0 and I = 1 and to investigate aspects of the gluonium component of the eta' meson
LFV couplings of the extra gauge boson Z′ and leptonic decay and production of pseudoscalar mesons

Considering the constraints of the lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes μ→3e and τ→3μ on the LFV couplings Z′ℓiℓj , in the contexts of the E6 models, the left–right (LR) models, the “alternative” left–right (ALR) models and the 331 models, we investigate the contributions of the extra gauge boson Z′ to the decay rates of the processes ℓi→ℓjνℓνℓ , τ→μP and P→μe with P=π0,η and η′ . Our numerical results show that the maximal values of the branching ratios for these processes are not dependent on the Z′ mass MZ′ at leader order. The extra gauge boson ZX′ predicted by the E6 models can make the maximum value of the branching ratio Br(τ→μνℓνℓ) reach 1.1×10−7 . All Z′ models considered in this paper can produce significant contributions to the process τ→μP . However, the value of Br(P→μe) is far below its corresponding experimental upper bound
On-shell constrained M 2 variables with applications to mass measurements and topology disambiguation

We consider a class of on-shell constrained mass variables that are 3+1 dimensional generalizations of the Cambridge M T 2 variable and that automatically incorporate various assumptions about the underlying event topology. The presence of additional on-shell constraints causes their kinematic distributions to exhibit sharper endpoints than the usual M T 2 distribution. We study the mathematical properties of these new variables, e.g., the uniqueness of the solution selected by the minimization over the invisible particle 4-momenta. We then use this solution to reconstruct the masses of various particles along the decay chain. We propose several tests for validating the assumed event topology in missing energy events from new physics. The tests are able to determine: 1) whether the decays in the event are two-body or three-body, 2) if the decay is two-body, whether the intermediate resonances in the two decay chains are the same, and 3) the exact sequence in which the visible particles are emitted from each decay chain
Analysing powers and spin correlations in deuteron–proton charge exchange at 726 MeV

The charge exchange of vector polarised deuterons on a polarised hydrogen target has been studied in a high statistics experiment at the COSY-ANKE facility at a deuteron beam energy of Td=726 MeV . By selecting two fast protons at low relative energy Epp , the measured analysing powers and spin correlations are sensitive to interference terms between specific neutron–proton charge-exchange amplitudes at a neutron kinetic energy of Tn≈12Td=363 MeV . An impulse approximation calculation, which takes into account corrections due to the angular distribution in the diproton, describes reasonably the dependence of the data on both Epp and the momentum transfer. This lends broad support to the current neutron–proton partial wave solution that was used in the estimation
Few-body calculations of η -nuclear quasibound states

We report on precise hyperspherical-basis calculations of ηNN and ηNNN quasibound states, using energy dependent ηN interaction potentials derived from coupled-channel models of the S11 N⁎(1535) nucleon resonance. The ηN attraction generated in these models is too weak to generate a two-body bound state. No ηNN bound-state solution was found in our calculations in models where ReaηN≲1 fm , with aηN the ηN scattering length, covering thereby the majority of N⁎(1535) resonance models. A near-threshold ηNNN bound-state solution, with η separation energy of less than 1 MeV and width of about 15 MeV, was obtained in the 2005 Green–Wycech model where Re aηN≈1 fm . The role of handling self consistently the subthreshold ηN interaction is carefully studied
Search for a W  boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

20 páginas, 4 figuras, 3 tablas.-- Open access: \ud
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\ud
License 3.0.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.A new heavy gauge boson, W', decaying to a muon and a neutrino, is searched for in pp collisions at a\ud
centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an\ud
integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation\ud
is found in the transverse mass distribution of the muon–neutrino system. Masses below 1.40 TeV are\ud
excluded at the 95% confidence level for a sequential standard-model-like W'. The W' mass lower limit\ud
increases to 1.58 TeV when the present analysis is combined with the CMS result for the electron channel.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria);\ud
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP\ud
(Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS\ud
(Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of\ud
Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP\ud
(Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF\ud
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and\ud
DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU\ud
(Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLPFAI\ud
(Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR\ud
(Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE\ud
(Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding\ud
Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey);\ud
STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA).Peer reviewe
Monte Carlo method for the numerical simulation of Tsallis statistics

We present a new method devised to overcome the intrinsic difficulties associated to the numerical simulations of the Tsallis statistics. We use a standard Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm at a fictitious temperature T′, combined with a numerical integration method for the calculation of the entropy in order to evaluate the actual temperature T. We illustrate the method by applying it to the 2d-Ising model using a standard reweighting technique.We acknowledge ﬁnancial support from DGES, grants PB94-1167 and PB97- 0141-C02-01.Peer Reviewe
Role of transpiration reduction during center-pivot sprinkler irrigation in application efficiency

48 Pags., 1 Appendix, 7 Tabls., 5 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://ascelibrary.org/toc//139/3The magnitude and duration of corn transpiration reduction during center-pivot sprinkler irrigation was analyzed on a commercial plot. The irrigation event was defined as the period during which the pivot arm was passing over the transect AC and water droplets were moistening the plants (moist treatment). Corn transpiration rates were measured at three spots of that transect and simultaneously at another spot (dry treatment) located approximately 270 m east from the transect AC. Corn transpiration rates for the moist treatment location were reduced by 30–36% compared to the dry treatment location during the irrigation event. After irrigation, the transpiration reduction lasted for 1.8–2.6 h, and ranged from 22–29%. The gross wind drift and evaporation losses ranged from 10–13% of the applied water, whereas the net interception losses were 2% of the applied water. Considering the observed corn transpiration reduction during and after the irrigation, the net sprinkler evaporation losses ranged from 11–13% of the applied water, with no relevant differences along the pivot arm.This work was supported by the project AGL-2007-66716-CO3-01 (Ministerio de\ud
Ciencia e Innovación).Peer reviewe
Binding affinities and activation of Asp712Ala and Cys100Ser mutated kinin B-1 receptor forms suggest a bimodal scheme for the molecule of bound-DABK

Mutant forms of kinin B-1 receptor (B1R) and analogs of the full agonist des-Arg(9)-bradykinin (DABK) were investigated aiming to verify the importance of selected receptor residues and of each agonist-peptide residue in the specific binding and activation. Linked by a specific disulfide bond (Cys(100)-Cys(650)), the N-terminal (N-t) and the EC3 loop C-terminal (C-t) segments of angiotensin II (AngII) receptor 1 (AT(1)R) have been identified to form an extracellular site for binding the agonist Nt segment (Asp(1) and Arg(2) residues). Asp(712) residue at the receptor EC3 loop binds the peptide Arg(2) residue. By homology, a similar site might be considered for DABK binding to B1R since this receptor contains the same structural elements for composing the site in AT(1)R, namely the disulfide bond and the EC3 loop Asp712 residue. DABK, Ala(n)-DABK analogs (n= Ala(1)-, Ala(2)-, Ala(3)-, Ala(4)-, Ala(5)-, Ala(6)-, Ala(7)-, Ala(8)-DABK), and other analogs Were selected to binding wild-type, Asp712Ala and Cys100Ser mutated 13112 receptors. the results obtained suggested that the same bimodal scheme adopted for AngII-AT(1)R system may be applied to DABK binding to B1R. the most crucial similarity in the two cases is that the N-t segments of peptides equally bind to the homologous Asp(712) residue of both AT(1)R and B1R extracellular sites. Confirming this preliminary supposition, mutation of residues located at the B1R extracellular site as ED loop Asp(712) and Cys(100) caused the same modifications in biological assays observed in AT(1)R submitted to homologous mutations, such as significant weakening of agonist binding and reduction of post-receptor-activation processes. These findings provided enough support for defining a site that determines the specific binding of DABK to B1R receptors. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Human-chimpanzee differences in a FZD8 enhancer alter cell-cycle dynamics in the developing neocortex.

The human neocortex differs from that of other great apes in several notable regards, including altered cell cycle, prolonged corticogenesis, and increased size [1-5]. Although these evolutionary changes most likely contributed to the origin of distinctively human cognitive faculties, their genetic basis remains almost entirely unknown. Highly conserved non-coding regions showing rapid sequence changes along the human lineage are candidate loci for the development and evolution of uniquely human traits. Several studies have identified human-accelerated enhancers [6-14], but none have linked an expression difference to a specific organismal trait. Here we report the discovery of a human-accelerated regulatory enhancer (HARE5) of FZD8, a receptor of the Wnt pathway implicated in brain development and size [15, 16]. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate dramatic differences in human and chimpanzee HARE5 activity, with human HARE5 driving early and robust expression at the onset of corticogenesis. Similar to HARE5 activity, FZD8 is expressed in neural progenitors of the developing neocortex [17-19]. Chromosome conformation capture assays reveal that HARE5 physically and specifically contacts the core Fzd8 promoter in the mouse embryonic neocortex. To assess the phenotypic consequences of HARE5 activity, we generated transgenic mice in which Fzd8 expression is under control of orthologous enhancers (Pt-HARE5::Fzd8 and Hs-HARE5::Fzd8). In comparison to Pt-HARE5::Fzd8, Hs-HARE5::Fzd8 mice showed marked acceleration of neural progenitor cell cycle and increased brain size. Changes in HARE5 function unique to humans thus alter the cell-cycle dynamics of a critical population of stem cells during corticogenesis and may underlie some distinctive anatomical features of the human brain
Performance of jet substructure techniques for large-R jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the application of a variety of techniques to study jet substructure. The performance of various modified jet algorithms, or jet grooming techniques, for several jet types and event topologies is investigated for jets with transverse momentum larger than 300 GeV. Properties of jets subjected to the mass-drop filtering, trimming, and pruning algorithms are found to have a reduced sensitivity to multiple proton-proton interactions, are more stable at high luminosity and improve the physics potential of searches for heavy boosted objects. Studies of the expected discrimination power of jet mass and jet substructure observables in searches for new physics are also presented. Event samples enriched in boosted W and Z bosons and top-quark pairs are used to study both the individual jet invariant mass scales and the efficacy of algorithms to tag boosted hadronic objects. The analyses presented use the full 2011 ATLAS dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 +/- 0.1 fb(-1) from proton-proton collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2013)076</p
Cationic state distribution over the chlorophyll d-containing P(D1)/P(D2) pair in photosystem II.

Most of the chlorophyll (Chl) cofactors in photosystem II (PSII) from Acaryochloris marina are Chld, although a few Chla molecules are also present. To evaluate the possibility that Chla may participate in the P(D1)/P(D2) Chl pair in PSII from A. marina, the P(D1)(•+)/P(D2)(•+) charge ratio was investigated using the PSII crystal structure analyzed at 1.9-Å resolution, while considering all possibilities for the Chld-containing P(D1)/P(D2) pair, i.e., Chld/Chld, Chla/Chld, and Chld/Chla pairs. Chld/Chld and Chla/Chld pairs resulted in a large P(D1)(•+) population relative to P(D2)(•+), as identified in Chla/Chla homodimer pairs in PSII from other species, e.g., Thermosynechococcus elongatus PSII. However, the Chld/Chla pair possessed a P(D1)(•+)/P(D2)(•+) ratio of approximately 50/50, which is in contrast to previous spectroscopic studies on A. marina PSII. The present results strongly exclude the possibility that the Chld/Chla pair serves as P(D1)/P(D2) in A. marina PSII. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosynthesis Research for Sustainability: from Natural to Artificial
A shallow-layer model for heavy gas dispersion from natural sources: Application and hazard assessment at Caldara di Manziana, Italy

Several nonvolcanic sources in central Italy emit a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO2). Under stable
atmospheric conditions and/or in the presence of topographic depressions, the concentration of CO2, which
has a molecular mass greater than that of air, can reach high values that are lethal to humans or animals.
Several episodes of this phenomenon were recorded in central Italy and elsewhere. In order to validate a
model for the dispersion of a heavy gas and to assess the consequent hazard, we applied and tested the code
TWODEE-2, an improved version of the established TWODEE model, which is based on a shallow-layer
approach that uses depth-averaged variables to describe the flow behavior of dense gas over complex
topography. We present results for a vented CO2 release at Caldara di Manziana in central Italy. We find
that the model gives reliable results when the input quantity can be properly defined. Moreover, we show
that the model can be a useful tool for gas hazard assessment by evaluating where and when lethal
concentrations for humans and animals are reached
Path-following analysis of the dynamical response of a piecewise-linear capsule system.

The dynamical response of a piecewise-linear capsule system is studied by means of path-following techniques in this paper. As the capsule model belongs to the class of piecewise-smooth dynamical systems involving impact and friction, a special care is taken in order to divide the trajectory of the system into a smooth vector field in each disjoint subregion. Specifically we study a two-sided drifting system focusing on directional control and energy consumption. We aim to address two practical problems which are maximizing the rate of progression and directional control of the system by following a typical period-1 trajectory. The one-parameter analysis shows that two types of bifurcations, grazing bifurcation and boundary-intersection crossing bifurcation are found, and the maximal rate of progression is achieved when the capsule performs the oscillations without sticking phases. In our two-parameter study, the control parameters for which the rate of progression is maximal are identified using fixed value of power consumption, and the curves which divide the motion of the capsule between forward and backward progression are obtained
The formation and evolution of reconnection-driven slow-mode shocks in a
  partially ionised plasma

The role of slow-mode MHD shocks in magnetic reconnection is one of great
importance for energy conversion and transport, but in many astrophysical
plasmas the plasma is not fully ionised. In this paper, we investigate, using
numerical simulations, the role of collisional coupling between a
proton-electron charge-neutral fluid and a neutral hydrogen fluid for the 1D
Riemann problem initiated in a constant pressure and density background state
by a discontinuity in the magnetic field. This system, in the MHD limit, is
characterised by two waves: a fast-mode rarefaction wave that drives a flow
towards a slow-mode MHD shock. The system evolves through four stage:
initiation, weak coupling, intermediate coupling and a quasi steady state. The
initial stages are characterised by an over-pressured neutral region that
expands with characteristics of a blast wave. In the later stages, the system
tends towards a self-similar solution where the main drift velocity is
concentrated in the thin region of the shock front. Due to the nature of the
system, the neutral fluid is overpressured by the shock when compared to a
purely hydrodynamic shock which results in the neutral fluid expanding to form
the shock precursor. The thickness of the shockfront once it has formed
proportional to the ionisation fraction to the power -1.2, which is a smaller
exponent than would be naively expected from simple scaling arguments. One
interesting result is that the shock front is a continuous transition of the
physical variables for sub-sonic velocity upstream of the shock front (a
c-shock) to a sharp jump in the physical variables followed by a relaxation to
the downstream values for supersonic upstream velocity (a j-shock). The
frictional heating that results from the velocity drift across the shock front
can amount to approximately two per cent of the reference magnetic energy.Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures, published in A&
Predictions for diphoton production at the LHC through NNLO in QCD

In this paper we present a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculation
of the process $pp\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ that we have implemented into the
parton level Monte Carlo code MCFM. We do not find agreement with the previous
calculation of this process in the literature. In addition to the
$\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s^2)$ corrections present at NNLO, we include some effects
arising at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s^3)$, namely those associated with
gluon-initiated closed fermion loops. We investigate the role of this process
in the context of studies of QCD at colliders and as a background for searches
for new physics, paying particular attention to the diphoton invariant mass
spectrum. We demonstrate that the NNLO QCD prediction for the shape of this
spectrum agrees well with functional forms used in recent data-driven fits.Comment: 28 Pages, 11 Figures, Modified isolation parameters, corrected
  mistake in CMS analysis, added ref
Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets
  in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak
production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton
collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with
the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 inverse
femtobarns. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to
electrons or muons and for pT(j1) > 60 GeV, pT(j2) > 50 GeV, |eta(j)| < 4.7,
and m(jj) > 1000 GeV is 0.42 +/- 0.04 (stat) +/- 0.09 (syst) +/- 0.01 (lumi)
pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction
of 0.50 +/- 0.02 (scale) +/- 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MADGRAPH5_aMC@NLO 2.1
interfaced to PYTHIA 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this
process.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. All
  the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-13-012
Social inequalities and smoking-associated breast cancer - Results from a prospective cohort study

Published version also available at <a href=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.004>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.01.004</a>Objective. The association between smoking and breast cancer has been found in most recent, large cohort
studies. We wanted to investigate how smoking-associated breast cancer varies by level of education, a wellestablished
measure of socioeconomic status.
<p>Methods. We included 302,865 women with 7490 breast cancer cases. Participants were assigned to low,
moderate or high level of education and analyzed by smoking status (ever/never), and stratified by birth cohorts
(≤1950N). We used Cox proportional hazard to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs),
adjusting for age, number of children, age at first childbirth, BMI, age at enrollment and physical activity.
<p>Results. Women born ≤1950 with low and moderate levels of education had a 40% increase in smokingassociated
breast cancer risk (HR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.25–1.57 and HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24, respectively).
Women in the same age group with high level of education did not have an increase in risk. No increased breast
cancer risk was found among women born after 1950 for any level of education, when analyzed by smoking status.
Longer duration of smoking before first childbirth was consistently associated with increasing risk of breast
cancer in all three categories of education (all p for trends b 0.01).
<p>Conclusion. Smoking for several years before first childbirth increases the risk of breast cancer, regardless of
educational level
A comparison of clinical and nonclinical groups of children on the bender - gestalt and draw a person tests

WCPCG-2010The present study compared a clinical and a control sample of Turkish children on the Bender Gestalt and Draw A Person tests. 44 of the children from a clinic sample were compared to 44 children from a matched nonclinical school sample The tests were scored according to the Koppitz criteria. ANOVA comparisons showed differences on the Bender Gestalt test, and the HFD. The two groups did not differ on the number of Emotional Indicators. Correct classification of the children in the clinical groups based on the presence of Emotional Indicators was accurate only in 56% of the cases