pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
CD271 Mediates Stem Cells to Early Progeny Transition in Human Epidermis

CD271 is the low-affinity neurotrophin (p75NTR) receptor that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. Because in human epidermis, CD271 is predominantly expressed in transit-amplifying (TA) cells, we evaluated the role of this receptor in keratinocyte differentiation and in the transition from keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) to progeny. Calcium induced an upregulation of CD271 in subconfluent keratinocytes, which was prevented by CD271 small interfering RNA. Furthermore, CD271 overexpression provoked the switch of KSCs to TA cells, whereas silencing CD271 induced TA cells to revert to a KSC phenotype, as shown by the expression of β1-integrin and by the increased clonogenic ability. CD271+ keratinocytes sorted from freshly isolated TA cells expressed more survivin and keratin 15 (K15) compared with CD271- cells and displayed a higher proliferative capacity. Early differentiation markers and K15 were more expressed in the skin equivalent generated from CD271+ TA than from those derived from CD271- TA cells. By contrast, late differentiation markers were more expressed in skin equivalents from CD271- than in reconstructs from CD271+ TA cells. Finally, skin equivalents originated from CD271- TA cells displayed a psoriatic phenotype. These results indicate that CD271 is critical for keratinocyte differentiation and regulates the transition from KSCs to TA cells
Tandem mass spectrometric investigation of acylpolyamines of spider venoms and their 15N-labeled derivatives

The fragmentation mechanism of the acylpentamine toxins 1-4 found in the venom of the spider Agelenopsis aperta has been investigated in detail. To identify the origin of the two doublets of unexpected fragment ions at m/z 129/112 and m/z 115/98, three synthetic 15N-labeled analogs 5-7 have been prepared and subjected to CID fragmentation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. It appears that the unexpected doublet of fragment ions arises from an internal portion of the polyamine backbone after either a transaminative Zip reaction or a sequential fragmentation of the quasi-molecular ion. The second option has been proven by in-source CID experiments. The detailed knowledge of acylpentamine fragmentation mechanisms is essential for the correct characterization of isomeric compounds, particularly for coeluting compounds within complex mixtures such as spider venoms
The Effect of Payoff Tables on Experimental Oligopoly Behavior

We explore the effects of the provision of an information-processing instrument - payoff tables - on behavior in experimental oligopolies. In one experimental setting, subjects have access to payoff tables whereas in the other setting they have not. It turns out that this minor variation in presentation has non-negligible effects on participants' behavior, particularly in the initial phase of the experiment. In the presence of payoff tables, subjects tend to be more cooperative. As a consequence, collusive behavior is more likely and quickly to occur.
Dynamic performance of existing double track railway bridges at resonance with the increase of the operational line speed

This article addresses the dynamic behaviour of double track simply supported bridges of short to medium span lengths
(10 m < L < 25 m) belonging to conventional railway lines. These structures are susceptible to experience inadmissible
levels of vertical vibrations when traversed by trains at high speeds, and in certain cases their dynamic performance may
require to be re-evaluated in case of an increase of the traffic velocity above 200 km/h. In engineering consultancies,
these structures have been traditionally analysed under the passage of trains at different speeds using planar models,
neglecting the contribution of transverse vibration modes and also the flexibility of the elastomeric bearings. The study
presented herein endeavours to evaluate the influence of these two aspects in the verification of the Serviceability Limit
State of vertical accelerations, which is of great interest in order to guarantee a conservative prediction of the dynamic
behaviour. In the present study, the dynamic response of representative slab and girder bridges has been evaluated using
an orthotropic plate finite element model, leading to practical conclusions regarding the circumstances under which the
above mentioned factors should be considered in order to adequately evaluate the transverse vibration levels of the deck
Cdk5: Multitasking between physiological and pathological conditions

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a peculiar proline-directed serine/threonine kinase. Unlike the other members of the Cdk family, Cdk5 is not directly involved in cell cycle regulation, being normally associated with neuronal processes such as migration, cortical layering and synaptic plasticity. This kinase is present mainly in post-mitotic neurons and its activity is tightly regulated by the interaction with the specific activators, p35 and p39.

Despite its pivotal role in CNS development, Cdk5 dysregulation has been implicated in different pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and, most recently, prion-related encephalopathies (PRE). In these neurodegenerative conditions, Cdk5 overactivation and relocalization occurs upon association with p25, a truncated form of the normal activator p35. This activator switching will cause a shift in the phosphorylative pattern of Cdk5, with an alteration both in targets and activity, ultimately leading to neuronal demise.

In AD and PRE, two disorders that share clinical and neuropathological features, Cdk5 dysregulation is a linking event between the major neuropathological markers: amyloid plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic and neuronal loss. Moreover, this kinase was shown to be involved in abortive cell cycle re-entry, a feature recently proposed as a possible step in the neuronal apoptosis mechanism of several neurological diseases.

This review focuses on the role of Cdk5 in neurons, namely in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, synaptic function and cell survival, both in physiological and in pathological conditions, highlighting the relevance of Cdk5 in the main mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and other brain pathologies
Critical region of the finite temperature chiral transition

We study a Yukawa theory with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and with a
large number N of fermions near the finite temperature phase transition.
Critical properties in such a system can be described by the mean field theory
very close to the transition point. We show that the width of the region where
non-trivial critical behavior sets in is suppressed by a certain power of 1/N.
Our Monte Carlo simulations confirm these analytical results. We discuss
implications for the chiral phase transition in QCD.Comment: 18 page
Design and performance of a vacuum-UV simulator for material testing under space conditions

This paper describes the construction and performance of a VUV-simulator that has been designed to study degradation of materials under space conditions. It is part of the Complex Irradiation Facility at DLR in Bremen, Germany, that has been built for testing of material under irradiation in the complete UV-range as well as under proton and electron irradiation. Presently available UV-sources used for material tests do not allow the irradiation with wavelengths smaller than about 115 nm where common Deuterium lamps show an intensity cut-off. The VUV-simulator generates radiation by excitation of a gas-flow with an electron beam. The intensity of the radiation can be varied by manipulating the gas-flow and/or the electron beam.\ud
\ud
The VUV simulator has been calibrated at three different gas-flow settings in the range from 40 nm to 410 nm. The calibration has been made by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Berlin. The measured spectra show total irradiance intensities from 24 to 58 mW m−2 (see Table 4.2) in the VUV-range, i.e., for wavelengths smaller than 200 nm. They exhibit a large number of spectral lines generated either by the gas-flow constituents or by metal atoms in the residual gas which come from metals used in the source construction. In the range from 40 nm to 120 nm where Deuterium lamps are not usable, acceleration factors of 3 to 26.3 Solar Constants are reached depending on the gas-flow setting. The VUV-simulator allows studies of general degradation effects caused by photoionization and photodissociation as well as accelerated degradation tests by use of intensities that are significantly higher compared to that of the Sun at 1 AU
Multiscale approaches to protein-mediated interactions between membranes - relating microscopic and macroscopic dynamics in radially growing adhesions

Macromolecular complexation leading to coupling of two or more cellular membranes is a crucial step in a number of biological functions of the cell. While other mechanisms may also play a role, adhesion always involves the fluctuations of deformable membranes, the diffusion of proteins and the molecular binding and unbinding. Because these stochastic processes couple over a multitude of time and length scales, theoretical modeling of membrane adhesion has been a major challenge. Here we present an effective Monte Carlo scheme within which the effects of the membrane are integrated into local rates for molecular recognition. The latter step in the Monte Carlo approach enables us to simulate the nucleation and growth of adhesion domains within a system of the size of a cell for tens of seconds without loss of accuracy, as shown by comparison to 106 times more expensive Langevin simulations. To perform this validation, the Langevin approach was augmented to simulate diffusion of proteins explicitly, together with reaction kinetics and membrane dynamics. We use the Monte Carlo scheme to gain deeper insight to the experimentally observed radial growth of micron sized adhesion domains, and connect the effective rate with which the domain is growing to the underlying microscopic events. We thus demonstrate that our technique yields detailed information about protein transport and complexation in membranes, which is a fundamental step toward understanding even more complex membrane interactions in the cellular context
Emotional Transactions in the Paris Subway : Combining Naturalistic Videotaping, Objective Facial Coding and Sequential Analysis in the Study of Nonverbal Emotional Behavior

International audienceWe report on what, to our knowledge, represents the first study of nonverbal emotional behavior in crowded public places combining naturalistic videotaping of situated activity, objective coding of facial movement, and sequential analysis of behavior. In the first part of the study we argue that passengers do not lose emotional sensitivity to physical contact as density (passengers per square meter) increases, which indicates that physical contact is experienced as a territorial intrusion regardless of crowdedness. In the second part of the study, we suggest that passengers resolve the emotions due to intrusive physical contacts through two interactional strategies involving facial movements usually interpreted as “expressions of emotions.” Since proxemic violations seem to represent a pervasive emotion elicitor, the protocol can be extended to other means of transportation and replicated in other locations. We conclude that the methodology provides an effective tool for theory-building in the study of nonverbal emotional behavior
Electronic mechanism of ion expulsion under UV nanosecond laser excitation of silicon: Experiment and modeling

We present experimental and modeling studies of UV nanosecond pulsed laser desorption and ablation of (111) bulk silicon. The results involve a new approach to the analysis of plume formation dynamics under high-energy photon irradiation of the semiconductor surface. Non-thermal, photo-induced desorption has been observed at low laser fluence, well below the melting threshold. Under ablation conditions, the non-thermal ions have also a high concentration. The origin of these ions is discussed on the basis of electronic excitation of Si surface states associated with the Coulomb explosion mechanism. We present a model describing dynamics of silicon target excitation, heating and harge-carrier transport
Observation of confined current ribbon in JET plasmas

We report the identification of a localized current structure inside the JET plasma. It is a field-aligned closed helical ribbon, carrying current in the same direction as the background current profile (cocurrent), rotating toroidally with the ion velocity (corotating). It appears to be located at a flat spot in the plasma pressure profile, at the top of the pedestal. The structure appears spontaneously in low density, high rotation plasmas, and can last up to 1.4 s, a time comparable to a local resistive time. It considerably delays the appearance of the first edge localized mode
Training Spiking Neural Networks to Associate Spatio-temporal Input-output  Spike Patterns

In a previous work (Mohemmed et al., Method for training a spiking neuron to associate input–output spike trains) we have proposed a supervised learning algorithm based on temporal coding to train a spiking neuron to associate input spatiotemporal spike patterns to desired output spike patterns. The algorithm is based on the conversion of spike trains into analogue signals and the application of the Widrow–Hoff learning rule. In this paper we present a mathematical formulation of the proposed learning rule. Furthermore, we extend the application of the algorithm to train a SNN consisting of multiple spiking neurons to perform spatiotemporal pattern classification and we show that the accuracy of classification is improved significantly over a single spiking neuron. We also investigate a number of possibilities to map the temporal output of the trained spiking neuron into a class label. Potential applications for motor control in neuro-rehabilitation and neuro-prosthetics are discussed as a future work
Manipulating textures of rotating superfluid 3 He- A phase in a single narrow cylinder

We investigated order parameter textures of the rotating superfluid 3 He-A phase in a single narrow cylinder with
	a diameter of about 10 times the dipole coherence length by the cw-NMR method. It is theoretically proposed
	that in such a narrow cylinder, a few special textures will appear due to the confinement in a cylindrical geometry.
	We observed three types of NMR spectra in the A phase. The NMR spectra of the textures were identified by
	a comparison with the spin waves excited in the NMR potential using their numerically calculated resonance
	frequencies and relative intensities. We have established a method to selectively generate each one of the textures
	by controlling the conditions when the A phase was formed, such as the applied magnetic field, rotation angular
	velocity, and temperature
Benthic pH gradients across a range of shelf sea sediment types linked to sediment characteristics and seasonal variability

This study used microelectrodes to record pH profiles in fresh shelf sea sediment cores collected across a range of different sediment types within the Celtic Sea. Spatial and temporal variability was captured during repeated measurements in 2014 and 2015. Concurrently recorded oxygen microelectrode profiles and other sedimentary parameters provide a detailed context for interpretation of the pH data. Clear differences in profiles were observed between sediment type, location and season. Notably, very steep pH gradients exist within the surface sediments (10–20 mm), where decreases greater than 0.5 pH units were observed. Steep gradients were particularly apparent in fine cohesive sediments, less so in permeable sandier matrices. We hypothesise that the gradients are likely caused by aerobic organic matter respiration close to the sediment–water interface or oxidation of reduced species at the base of the oxic zone (NH4+, Mn2+, Fe2+, S−). Statistical analysis suggests the variability in the depth of the pH minima is controlled spatially by the oxygen penetration depth, and seasonally by the input and remineralisation of deposited organic phytodetritus. Below the pH minima the observed pH remained consistently low to maximum electrode penetration (ca. 60 mm), indicating an absence of sub-oxic processes generating H+ or balanced removal processes within this layer. Thus, a climatology of sediment surface porewater pH is provided against which to examine biogeochemical processes. This enhances our understanding of benthic pH processes, particularly in the context of human impacts, seabed integrity, and future climate changes, providing vital information for modelling benthic response under future climate scenarios
Corporate Philanthropy Through the Lens of Ethical Subjectivity

The dynamic organisational processes in businesses\ud
dilute the boundaries between the individual,\ud
organisational, and societal drivers of corporate philanthropy.\ud
This creates a complex framework in which charitable\ud
project selection occurs. Using the example of\ud
European tour operators, this study investigates the\ud
mechanisms through which companies invest in charitable\ud
projects in overseas destinations. Inextricably linked to\ud
this is the increasing contestation by local communities as\ud
to how they are able to engage effectively with tourism in\ud
order to realise the benefits tourism development can bring.\ud
This research furthers such debates by exploring the processes\ud
through which tour operators facilitate community\ud
development through charitable giving. Findings show,\ud
with no formal frameworks in existence, project selection\ud
depends upon emergent strategies that connect the professional\ud
with the personal, with trust being positioned as a\ud
central driver of these informal processes. Discretionary\ud
responsibilities are reworked through business leaders’\ud
commitment to responsible business practises and the\ud
ethical subjectivity guiding these processes
Electronic property analysis of O-doped Cu3SbS3

The ternary Cu-Sb-S semiconductors are considered to be sustainable and potential alternative absorber materials in thin film photovoltaic applications. In these compounds, several phases may coexist, albeit in different proportions depending on experimental growth conditions. Additionally, the photovoltaic efficiency could be increased with isoelectronic doping. In this work we analyze the electronic properties of O-doped Cu3SbS3 in two structures: the wittichenite and the skinnerite. We use first-principles within the density functional formalism with two different exchange-correlation potentials. In addition, we estimate the potential of these compounds for photovoltaic applications
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic interaction between BIA 3-202, a novel COMT inhibitor, and levodopa / benserazide

BIA 3-202 is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase
(COMT) inhibitor being developed for use as a
levodopa-sparing agent in Parkinson_s disease. This study
investigated the effect of four single oral doses of BIA
3-202 (50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg) compared
with placebo on plasma concentrations of levodopa and
its metabolite 3-O-methyl-levodopa (3-OMD) and on
inhibition of erythrocyte COMT in healthy subjects
receiving 100 mg of levodopa and 25 mg of benserazide
(Madopar 125). This was a single-centre, double-blind,
placebo-controlled, randomised, crossover study with
five single-dose treatment periods. The washout period
between doses was 2 weeks. On each treatment period, a
different dose of BIA 3-202 or placebo was administered
concomitantly with Madopar 125. Tolerability was
assessed by recording adverse events, vital signs, continuous
electrocardiogram and clinical laboratory parameters.
In the study, 18 subjects (12 male and 6 female)
participated. The drug combination was well tolerated.
All doses of BIA 3-202 significantly increased the area
under the concentration–time curve (AUC) versus
placebo, ranging from 39% (95% confidence intervals,
1.06–1.69) with 50 mg to 80% (95% confidence intervals,
1.42–2.22) with 400 mg. No significant change in mean
maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of levodopa was
found. Mean Cmax and AUC of 3-OMD significantly
decreased for all doses tested. BIA 3-202 caused a rapid
and reversible inhibition of S-COMT activity, ranging
from 57% (50 mg) to 84% (400 mg). In conclusion, the
novel COMT inhibitor BIA 3-202 was well tolerated and
significantly increased the bioavailability of levodopa and
reduced the formation of 3-OMD when administered
with standard release levodopa/benserazide
Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: the widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems

The aim of this study was to characterize sweet cherry regarding nutritional composition of the fruits, and individual phytochemicals and bioactive properties of fruits and stems. The chromatographic profiles in sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds were established. All the preparations (extracts, infusions and decoctions) obtained using stems revealed higher antioxidant potential than the fruits extract, which is certainly related with its higher phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) concentration. The fruits extract was the only one showing antitumor potential, revealing selectivity against HCT-15 (colon carcinoma) (GI50~74 μg/mL). This could be related with anthocyanins that were only found in fruits and not in stems. None of the preparations have shown hepatotoxicity against normal primary cells. Overall, this study reports innovative results regarding chemical and bioactive properties of sweet cherry stems, and confirmed the nutritional and antioxidant characteristics of their fruits.The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support to the research centre CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011) and L. Barros researcher contract under “Programa Compromisso com Ciência – 2008”
Meta-analysis of colorectal cancer follow-up after potentially curative resection

Background: After potentially curative resection of primary colorectal cancer, patients may be monitored by measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen and/or CT to detect asymptomatic metastatic disease earlier. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to find evidence for the clinical effectiveness of monitoring in advancing the diagnosis of recurrence and its effect on survival. MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and other databases were searched for randomized comparisons of increased intensity monitoring compared with a contemporary standard policy after resection of primary colorectal cancer. Results: There were 16 randomized comparisons, 11 with published survival data. More intensive monitoring advanced the diagnosis of recurrence by a median of 10 (i.q.r. 5-24) months. In ten of 11 studies the authors reported no demonstrable difference in overall survival. Seven RCTs, published from 1995 to 2016, randomly assigned 3325 patients to a monitoring protocol made more intensive by introducing new methods or increasing the frequency of existing follow-up protocols versus less invasive monitoring. No detectable difference in overall survival was associated with more intensive monitoring protocols (hazard ratio 0·98, 95 per cent c.i. 0·87 to 1·11). Conclusion: Based on pooled data from randomized trials published from 1995 to 2016, the anticipated survival benefit from surgical treatment resulting from earlier detection of metastases has not been achieved