pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Trade-offs and responsiveness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization in WRF: an offline evaluation using the MOSCEM optimization algorithm and field observations

For an increasing number of applications, mesoscale modelling systems now aim to better represent urban areas. The complexity of processes resolved by urban parametrization schemes varies with the application. The concept of fitness-for-purpose is therefore critical for both the choice of parametrizations and the way in which the scheme should be evaluated. A systematic and objective model response analysis procedure (Multiobjective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm) is used to assess the fitness of the single-layer urban canopy parametrization implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The scheme is evaluated regarding its ability to simulate observed surface energy fluxes and the sensitivity to input parameters. Recent amendments are described, focussing on features which improve its applicability to numerical weather prediction, such as a reduced and physically more meaningful list of input parameters. The study shows a high sensitivity of the scheme to parameters characterizing roof properties in contrast to a low response to road-related ones. Problems in partitioning of energy between turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes are also emphasized. Some initial guidelines to prioritize efforts to obtain urban land-cover class characteristics in WRF are provided. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
A multi-objective combinatorial model of casualty processing in major incident response.

During the emergency response to mass casualty incidents decisions relating to the extrication, treatment and transporting of casualties are made in a real-time, sequential manner. In this paper we describe a novel combinatorial optimization model of this problem which acknowledges its temporal nature by employing a scheduling approach. The model is of a multi-objective nature, utilizing a lexicographic view to combine objectives in a manner which capitalizes on their natural ordering of priority. The model includes pertinent details regarding the stochastic nature of casualty health, the spatial nature of multi-site emergencies and the dynamic capacity of hospitals. A Variable Neighborhood Descent metaheuristic is employed in order to solve the model. The model is evaluated over a range of potential problems, with results confirming its effective and robust nature
Study by DTA/TG of the formation of calcium aluminate obtained\ud
from an aluminium hazardous waste

A Spanish hazardous waste from tertiary aluminium\ud
industry was used as a raw material for the synthesis\ud
of calcium aluminate. An amorphous precursor was\ud
obtained by a hydrothermal method at different values of\ud
pH. The transformation of the precursor in a crystalline\ud
aluminate was followed by TG/DTA up to 1300 ºC. At\ud
temperatures between 719 and 744 ºC, the precursors\ud
evolve towards the formation of C12A7 which becomes CA\ud
at circa 1016 ºC. Mass spectrometry coupled to thermal\ud
analyser allowed the identification of the decomposition\ud
products
Self-consistent wave-particle interactions in dispersive scale long-period field-line-resonances

Using 1D Vlasov drift-kinetic computer simulations, it\ud
is shown that electron trapping in long period standing shear Alfven waves (SAWs) provides an efficient energy sink for wave energy that is much more effective than Landau\ud
damping. It is also suggested that the plasma environment\ud
of low altitude auroral-zone geomagnetic field lines is more\ud
suited to electron acceleration by inertial or kinetic scale\ud
Alfven waves. This is due to the self-consistent response of\ud
the electron distribution function to SAWs, which must\ud
accommodate the low altitude large-scale current system in\ud
standing waves. We characterize these effects in terms of the relative magnitude of the wave phase and electron thermal velocities. While particle trapping is shown to be significant across a wide range of plasma temperatures and wave frequencies, we find that electron beam formation in long period waves is more effective in relatively cold plasma
TiO and VO broad band absorption features in the optical spectrum of the
  atmosphere of the hot-Jupiter HD209458b

The presence of titanium oxide (TiO) and vanadium oxide (VO) gas phase
species is searched for in the atmosphere of the hot Jupiter HD209458b. We
compared a model for the planets transmitted spectrum to multi-wavelength
eclipse-depth measurements (from 3000 to 10000 Angstrom), obtained by Sing et
al. (2008a) using archived HST-STIS time series spectra. We make use of these
observations to search for spectral signatures from extra absorbers in the
planet atmosphere between 6000 and 8000 Angstrom. Along with sodium depletion
and Rayleigh scattering recently published for this exoplanet atmosphere, an
extra absorber of uncertain origin, redward of the sodium lines, resides in the
atmosphere of the planet. Furthermore, this planet has a stratosphere
experiencing a thermal inversion caused by the capture of optical stellar flux
by absorbers that resides at altitude. Recent models have predicted that the
presence of TiO and VO in the atmosphere of HD209458b may be responsible for
this temperature inversion. Although no specific TiO and VO spectral band head
signatures have been identified unambiguously in the observed spectrum, we
suggest here that the opacities of those molecules are possible candidates to
explain the remaining continuous broad band absorption observed between 6200
and 8000 Angstrom. To match reasonably well the data, the abundances of TiO and
VO molecules are evaluated from ten to one thousand times below solar. This
upper limit result is in agreement with expected variations with altitude due
to depletion effects such as condensation.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Gauge theories from D7-branes over vanishing 4-cycles

We study quiver gauge theories on D7-branes wrapped over vanishing
holomorphic 4-cycles. We investigate how to incorporate O7-planes and/or flavor
D7-branes, which are necessary to cancel anomalies. These theories are chiral,
preserve four supercharges and exhibit very rich infrared dynamics. Geometric
transitions and duality in the presence of O-planes are analyzed. We study the
Higgs branch of these quiver theories, showing the emergence of fuzzy internal
dimensions. This branch is related to noncommutative instantons on the divisor
wrapped by the seven-branes. Our results have a natural application to the
recently introduced F(uzz) limit of F-theory.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figure
Local Prescribed Mean Curvature foliations in cosmological spacetimes

A theorem about local in time existence of spacelike foliations with
prescribed mean curvature in cosmological spacetimes will be proved. The time
function of the foliation is geometrically defined and fixes the diffeomorphism
invariance inherent in general foliations of spacetimes. Moreover, in contrast
to the situation of the more special constant mean curvature foliations, which
play an important role in the global analysis of spacetimes, this theorem
overcomes the existence problem arising from topological restrictions for
surfaces of constant mean curvature.Comment: 23 pages, no figure
WWZ, WWH, and ZZH Couplings in the Dynamical Gauge-Higgs Unification in
  the Warped Spacetime

In the dynamical gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum warped
spacetime, where the 4D Higgs field is unified with gauge fields and the
electroweak symmetry is dynamically broken by the Hosotani mechanism, the
trilinear couplings for WWZ, WWH, and ZZH, where H stands for the Higgs field,
are evaluated. The latter two couplings are suppressed by a factor of \cos
\theta_H where \theta_H is the Yang-Mills Aharonov-Bohm phase in the extra
dimension, while the WWZ couplings remain the same as in the standard model to
good accuracy.Comment: 16 pages. A minor sentence was delete
Dirac equation on coordinate dependent noncommutative space-time

We consider the consistent deformation of the relativistic quantum mechanics
introducing the noncommutativity of the space-time and preserving the Lorentz
symmetry. The relativistic wave equation describing the spinning particle on
coordinate dependent noncommutative space-time (noncommutative Dirac equation)
is proposed. The fundamental properties of this equation, like the Lorentz
covariance and the continuity equation for the probability density are
verified. To this end using the properties of the star product we derive the
corresponding probability current density and prove its conservation. The
energy-momentum tensor for the free noncommutative spinor field is calculated.
We solve the free noncommutative Dirac equation and show that the standard
energy-momentum dispersion relation remains valid in the noncommutative case.Comment: Published versio
The Schr\"odinger operator on an infinite wedge with a tangent magnetic
  field

We study a model Schr\"odinger operator with constant magnetic field on an
infinite wedge with Neumann boundary condition. The magnetic field is assumed
to be tangent to a face. We compare the bottom of the spectrum to the model
spectral quantities coming from the regular case. We are particularly motivated
by the influence of the magnetic field and the opening angle of the wedge on
the spectrum of the model operator and we exhibit cases where the bottom of the
spectrum is smaller than in the regular case. Numerical computations enlighten
the theoretical approach
Simulations of magnetized multiphase galactic disk regulated by
  supernovae explosions

What exactly controls star formation in the Galaxy remains controversial. In
particular, the role of feedback and magnetic field are still partially
understood. We investigate the role played by supernovae feedback and magnetic
field onto the star formation and the structure of the Galactic disk. We
perform numerical simulations of the turbulent, magnetized, self-gravitating,
multi-phase, supernovae regulated ISM within a 1 kpc stratified box. We
implemented various schemes for the supernovae. This goes from a random
distribution at a fixed rate to distributions for which the supernovae are
spatially and temporally correlated to the formation of stars. To study the
influence of magnetic field on star formation, we perform both hydrodynamical
and magneto-hydrodynamical simulations. We find that supernovae feedback has a
drastic influence on the galactic evolution. The supernovae distribution is
playing a very significant role. When the supernovae are not correlated with
star formation events, they do not modify significantly the very high star
formation rate obtained without feedback. When the supernovae follow the
accretion, the star formation rate can be reduced by a factor up to 30.
Magnetic field is also playing a significant role. It reduces the star
formation rate by a factor up to 2-3 and reduces the number of collapse sites
by a factor of about 2. The exact correlation between the supernovae and the
dense gas appears to have significant consequences on the galactic disk
evolution and the star formation. This implies that small scale studies are
necessary to understand and quantify the feedback efficiency. Magnetic field
does influence the star formation at galactic scales by reducing the star
formation rate and the number of star formation sites.Comment: to be published in A&
Towards LHC Physics with Non-local Standard Model

We take a few steps towards constructing a string-inspired nonlocal extension
of the Standard Model. We start by illustrating how quantum loop calculations
can be performed in nonlocal scalar field theory. In particular, we show the
potential to address the hierarchy problem in the nonlocal framework. Next, we
construct a nonlocal abelian gauge model and derive modifications of the gauge
interaction vertex and field propagators. We apply the modifications to a toy
version of the nonlocal Standard Model and investigate collider phenomenology.
We find the lower bound on the scale of non-locality from the 8 TeV LHC data to
be $2.5-3$ TeV.Comment: Changes made to be consistent with the journal versio
Gluon Fusion Contribution to $VHj$ Production at Hadron Colliders

We study the associated production of an electroweak vector boson and the
Higgs boson with a jet via gluon-gluon fusion. At the leading order, these
processes occur at one-loop level. The amplitudes of these one-loop processes
are gauge invariant and finite. Therefore, their contributions towards the
corresponding hadronic cross sections and kinematic distributions can be
calculated separately. We present results for the Large Hadron Collider and its
discussed upgrades. We find that the gluon-gluon one-loop process gives
dominant contribution to the $\gamma H j$ production. We observe a destructive
interference effect in the $gg\to Z H j$ amplitude. We also find that in the
high transverse momentum and central rapidity region, the $ZHj$ production
cross section via gluon-gluon fusion becomes comparable to the cross section
contributions coming from quark-quark and quark-gluon channels.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Version to appear in PL
Equivalence of Geometric Engineering and Hanany-Witten

We show the equivalence of three different realisations of gauge theory in
string theory. These are the Hanany-Witten brane constructions, the use of
branes as probes and geometric engineering. We illustrate the equivalence via
T- and S-dualities with the simplest non-trivial examples in four dimensions: N
= 2 SYM with gauge groups SU(N_1) x SU(N_2) x .....Comment: 7 pages. Talk to appear in proceedings of the 32nd International
  Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles, Buckow, Germany,
  1-5 September 1998 and "Quantum aspects of gauge theories, supergravity and
  unification", Corfu, September 1998. This talk is based on work in
  collaboration with A. Karch and D. Lust: hep-th/980323
Constants of Weitzenb\"ock derivations and invariants of unipotent
  transformations acting on relatively free algebras

In commutative algebra, a Weitzenb\"ock derivation is a nonzero triangular
linear derivation of the polynomial algebra $K[x_1,...,x_m]$ in several
variables over a field $K$ of characteristic 0. The classical theorem of
Weitzenb\"ock states that the algebra of constants is finitely generated. (This
algebra coincides with the algebra of invariants of a single unipotent
transformation.) In this paper we study the problem of finite generation of the
algebras of constants of triangular linear derivations of finitely generated
(not necessarily commutative or associative) algebras over $K$ assuming that
the algebras are free in some sense (in most of the cases relatively free
algebras in varieties of associative or Lie algebras). In this case the algebra
of constants also coincides with the algebra of invariants of some unipotent
transformation. \par The main results are the following: 1. We show that the
subalgebra of constants of a factor algebra can be lifted to the subalgebra of
constants. 2. For all varieties of associative algebras which are not nilpotent
in Lie sense the subalgebras of constants of the relatively free algebras of
rank $\geq 2$ are not finitely generated. 3. We describe the generators of the
subalgebra of constants for all factor algebras $K< x,y>/I$ modulo a
$GL_2(K)$-invariant ideal $I$. 4. Applying known results from commutative
algebra, we construct classes of automorphisms of the algebra generated by two
generic $2\times 2$ matrices. We obtain also some partial results on relatively
free Lie algebras.Comment: 31 page
Two particle azimuthal correlations at high transverse momentum in Pb-Au
  at 158 AGeV/c

The analysis of two-particle azimuthal angular correlations at high
transverse momentum from Pb+Au collisions at 158 AGeV/c at SPS reveals
substantial modifications of the away-side peak as compared to the
distributions from p+p reactions. The data recorded with the CERES
Time-Projection Chamber, which provides excellent tracking efficiency, suggest
that the observed modification of the back-to-back structure implies
significant re-interactions of the scattered partons within the medium. These
findings at top SPS energy show features qualitatively similar to the results
obtained at RHIC from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV/c and Cu+Cu
collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 62$ GeV/c. We present the centrality and charge
dependent conditional di-jet yields for similar transverse momentum windows as
investigated by the RHIC experimentsComment: Proceedings of Hard Probes 2006, to be published in Nucl. Phys.
Global Behavior of the Douglas-Rachford Method for a Nonconvex
  Feasibility Problem

In recent times the Douglas-Rachford algorithm has been observed empirically
to solve a variety of nonconvex feasibility problems including those of a
combinatorial nature. For many of these problems current theory is not
sufficient to explain this observed success and is mainly concerned with
questions of local convergence. In this paper we analyze global behavior of the
method for finding a point in the intersection of a half-space and a
potentially non-convex set which is assumed to satisfy a well-quasi-ordering
property or a property weaker than compactness. In particular, the special case
in which the second set is finite is covered by our framework and provides a
prototypical setting for combinatorial optimization problems
Spiral-driven accretion in protoplanetary discs - I. 2D models

We numerically investigate the dynamics of a 2D non-magnetised protoplanetary
disc surrounded by an inflow coming from an external envelope. We find that the
accretion shock between the disc and the inflow is unstable, leading to the
generation of large-amplitude spiral density waves. These spiral waves
propagate over long distances, down to radii at least ten times smaller than
the accretion shock radius. We measure spiral-driven outward angular momentum
transport with 1e-4 < alpha < 1e-2 for an inflow accretion rate Mout>1e-8
Msun/yr. We conclude that the interaction of the disc with its envelope leads
to long-lived spiral density waves and radial angular momentum transport with
rates that cannot be neglected in young non-magnetised protostellar discs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted in A&A Letter
Measurement of the top quark pair production charge asymmetry in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a measurement of the top quark pair () production charge asymmetry A (C) using 4.7 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. A -enriched sample of events with a single lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum and at least four high transverse momentum jets, of which at least one is tagged as coming from a b-quark, is selected. A likelihood fit is used to reconstruct the event kinematics. A Bayesian unfolding procedure is employed to estimate A (C) at the parton-level. The measured value of the production charge asymmetry is A (C) = 0.006 +/- 0.010, where the uncertainty includes both the statistical and the systematic components. Differential A (C) measurements as a function of the invariant mass, the rapidity and the transverse momentum of the system are also presented. In addition, A (C) is measured for a subset of events with large velocity, where physics beyond the Standard Model could contribute. All measurements are consistent with the Standard Model predictions
Higgs boson gluon–fusion production at threshold in N3LO QCD

We present the cross-section for the threshold production of the Higgs boson at hadron-colliders at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in perturbative QCD. We present an analytic expression for the partonic cross-section at threshold and the impact of these corrections on the numerical estimates for the hadronic cross-section at the LHC. With this result we achieve a major milestone towards a complete evaluation of the cross-section at N3LO which will reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the determination of the strengths of the Higgs boson interactions
Entropy current for non-relativistic fluid

We study transport properties of a parity-odd, non-relativistic charged fluid in presence of background electric and magnetic fields. To obtain stress tensor and charged current for the non-relativistic system we start with the most generic relativistic fluid, living in one higher dimension and reduce the constituent equations along the light-cone direction. We also reduce the equation satisfied by the entropy current of the relativistic theory and obtain a consistent entropy current for the non-relativistic system (we call it “canonical form” of the entropy current). Demanding that the non-relativistic fluid satisfies the second law of thermodynamics we impose constraints on various first order transport coefficients. For parity even fluid, this is straight forward; it tells us positive definiteness of different transport coefficients like viscosity, thermal conductivity, electric conductivity etc. However for parity-odd fluid, canonical form of the entropy current fails to confirm the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, we need to add two parity-odd vectors to the entropy current with arbitrary coefficients. Upon demanding the validity of second law, we see that one can fix these two coefficients exactly
Isomonodromy, Painlevé transcendents and scattering off of black holes

We apply the method of isomonodromy to study the scattering of a generic Kerr-NUT-(A)dS black hole. For generic values of the charges, the problem is related to the connection problem of the Painlevé VI transcendent. We review a few facts about Painlevé VI, Garnier systems and the Hamiltonian structure of flat connections in the Riemann sphere. We then outline a method for computing the scattering amplitudes based on Hamilton-Jacobi structure of Painlevé, and discuss the implications of the generic result to black hole complementarity
N S -branes, source corrected Bianchi identities, and more on backgrounds with non-geometric fluxes

In the first half of the paper, we study in details N S -branes, including the N S 5-brane, the Kaluza-Klein monopole and the exotic 5 2 2 $$ {5}^{\frac{2}{2}} $$ - or Q -brane, together with Bianchi identities for NSNS (non)-geometric fluxes. Four-dimensional Bianchi identities are generalized to ten dimensions with non-constant fluxes, and get corrected by a source term in presence of an N S -brane. The latter allows them to reduce to the expected Poisson equation. Without sources, our Bianchi identities are also recovered by squaring a nilpotent Spin( D , D ) × ℝ + Dirac operator. Generalized Geometry allows us in addition to express the equations of motion explicitly in terms of fluxes. In the second half, we perform a general analysis of ten-dimensional geometric backgrounds with non-geometric fluxes, in the context of β -supergravity. We determine a well-defined class of such vacua, that are non-geometric in standard supergravity: they involve β -transforms, a manifest symmetry of β -supergravity with isometries. We show as well that these vacua belong to a geometric T-duality orbit
Effective interactions of a light gravitino

We review some recent results on the effective interactions of a light
gravitino with ordinary particles. In particular, we discuss on a simple
example a novel aspect of the low-energy theorems for broken supersymmetry: in
the effective lagrangian describing the goldstino couplings to matter, there
are terms bilinear in the goldstino that, already at the lowest non-trivial
order, are not entirely controlled by the supersymmetry-breaking scale, and
introduce additional free parameters. We conclude by mentioning some
phenomenological implications, including a lower bound on the gravitino mass
from collider data