pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Speech facilitation by left inferior frontal cortex stimulation.

Electrophysiological studies in humans and animals suggest that noninvasive neurostimulation methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can elicit long-lasting [1], polarity-dependent [2] changes in neocortical excitability. Application of tDCS can have significant and selective behavioral consequences that are associated with the cortical location of the stimulation electrodes and the task engaged during stimulation [3-8]. However, the mechanism by which tDCS affects human behavior is unclear. Recently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to determine the spatial topography of tDCS effects [9-13], but no behavioral data were collected during stimulation. The present study is unique in this regard, in that both neural and behavioral responses were recorded using a novel combination of left frontal anodal tDCS during an overt picture-naming fMRI study. We found that tDCS had significant behavioral and regionally specific neural facilitation effects. Furthermore, faster naming responses correlated with decreased blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in Broca's area. Our data support the importance of Broca's area within the normal naming network and as such indicate that Broca's area may be a suitable candidate site for tDCS in neurorehabilitation of anomic patients, whose brain damage spares this region
Source of the Kerr-Newman Solution as a Supersymmetric Domain-Wall
  Bubble: 50 years of the problem

We consider the chiral field model of the source of the Kerr-Newman (KN)
solution and obtain that it represents a supersymmetric spinning soliton,
bounded by the chiral domain wall (DW) of the ellipsoidal form. The known
method for transformation of the planar DW to Bogomolnyi form we generalize to
the curved DW-bubble adapted to the Kerr coordinate system and obtain the
supersymmetric BPS-saturated source of the KN solution, having some remarkable
features, in particular, the quantum angular momentum. The main new result is
that the source forms a breather, i.e. the DW-antiDW combination. Taking into
account that the KN solution describes the spinning particles with gyromagnetic
ratio g = 2, as that of the Dirac electron, we touch the problem of the
compatibility of the spinning particles with gravity.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Measurement of D-meson production versus multiplicity in p-Pb collisions
  at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV

The measurement of prompt D-meson production as a function of multiplicity in
p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the
LHC is reported. D$^0$, D$^+$ and D$^{*+}$ mesons are reconstructed via their
hadronic decay channels in the centre-of-mass rapidity range $-0.96<
y_{\mathrm{cms}}<0.04$ and transverse momentum interval $1<p_{\rm T}<24$
GeV/$c$. The multiplicity dependence of D-meson production is examined by
either comparing yields in p-Pb collisions in different event classes, selected
based on the multiplicity of produced particles or zero-degree energy, with
those in pp collisions, scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon
collisions (nuclear modification factor); as well as by evaluating the
per-event yields in p-Pb collisions in different multiplicity intervals
normalised to the multiplicity-integrated ones (relative yields). The nuclear
modification factors for D$^0$, D$^+$ and D$^{*+}$ are consistent with one
another. The D-meson nuclear modification factors as a function of the
zero-degree energy are consistent with unity within uncertainties in the
measured $p_{\rm T}$ regions and event classes. The relative D-meson yields,
calculated in various $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, increase as a function of the
charged-particle multiplicity. The results are compared with the equivalent pp
measurements at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV as well as with EPOS~3 calculations.Comment: 39 pages, 11 captioned figures, 8 tables (5 of them in Appendix A),
  authors from page 33, published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/235
Generalized spin Sutherland systems revisited\ud

We present generalizations of the spin Sutherland systems obtained earlier by Blom and Langmann and by Polychronakos in two different ways: from SU(n) Yang-Mills theory on the cylinder and by constraining geodesic motion on the N-fold direct product of SU(n) with itself, for any N > 1. Our systems are in correspondence with the Dynkin diagram automorphisms of arbitrary connected and simply connected compact simple Lie groups. We give a finite-dimensional as well as an infinite-dimensional derivation and shed light on the mechanism whereby they lead to the same classical integrable systems. The infinite-dimensional approach, based on twisted current algebras (alias Yang-Mills with twisted boundary conditions), was inspired by the derivation of the spinless Sutherland model due to Gorsky and Nekrasov. The finite-dimensional method relies on Hamiltonian reduction under twisted conjugations of N-fold direct product groups, linking the quantum mechanics of the reduced systems to representation theory similarly as was explored previously in the N = 1 case
High prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia among
                Mozambican children < 5 years of age admitted to hospital
                with clinical severe pneumonia

We aimed to describe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)               prevalence and features in children from sub-Saharan Africa, and
                to investigate PCP-associated risk factors. During 2006-2007 we
                used molecular methods to test children younger than 5 years old
                admitted with severe pneumonia to a hospital in Southern
                Mozambique for Pneumocystis infection. We recruited 834
                children. PCP prevalence was 6.8% and HIV prevalence was 25.7%.
                The in-hospital and delayed mortality were significantly higher
                among children with PCP (20.8% vs. 10.2 %, p=0.021, and 11.5%
                vs. 3.6%, p=0.044, respectively). Clinical features were mostly
                overlapping between the two groups. Independent risk factors for
                PCP were age less than a year (OR 6.34, 95%CI 1.86-21.65), HIV
                infection (OR 2.99, 95%CI 1.16-7.70), grunting (OR 2.64, 95%CI
                1.04-6.73), and digital clubbing (OR 10.75, 95%CI 1.21-95.56).
                PCP is a common and life-threatening cause of severe pneumonia
                in Mozambican children. Mother-to-child HIV transmission
                prevention should be strengthened. Better diagnostic tools are
                needed
The discovery of the appearance of vμ − vτ oscillations

Almost 20 years after the first conceptual design of the experiment, five years of running in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), and billions of billions muon-neutrinos sent from CERN along the CNGS beam, in 2015 the OPERA neutrino detector has allowed the long-awaited discovery of the direct transformation (oscillation) of muon-neutrinos into tau-neutrinos. This result unambiguously confirms the interpretation of the so-called atmospheric channel, after the discovery of neutrino oscillations by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration in 1998
A Joint Geochemical-Geophysical Record of Time-Dependent Mantle Convection South of Iceland

The North Atlantic V-Shaped Ridges (VSRs) provide a spatially extensive and clear record of unsteady mantle convective circulation over >40 My. VSRs are diachronous ridges of thick crust formed with a periodicity of ∼5 My along the Mid Atlantic Ridge, south of Iceland. We present data from a set of dredged basalt samples that shows chemical variation associated with two complete VSR crustal thickness cycles where they intersect the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The new dataset also records chemical variation associated with a VSR crustal thickness cycle along a plate spreading flow-line. Inverse correlations between crustal thickness and both incompatible trace element concentrations and incompatible element ratios such as Nb/Y and La/Sm are observed. Geochemical and crustal thickness observations can be matched using a time-dependent mid-ocean ridge melting model with a basal boundary condition of sinusoidally varying potential temperature. Our observations and models suggest that VSRs are generated when hot patches are carried up the plume stem beneath SE Iceland and spread radially outward within the asthenosphere. These patches are then drawn upward into the melting region when passing beneath the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The geometry of the VSRs and the size of the dynamically supported swell suggest that the Iceland Plume is the strongest plume in the Earth at present, with a volume flux of View the MathML source
Contrasting responses of two passerine bird species to moose browsing

This is the postprint version of the article. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comLarge herbivores may modify the ecosystem in a way that affects habitat quality and resource availability for
other fauna. The increase in wild ungulate abundance in many areas may therefore lead to ecosystem changes,
affecting distribution and reproduction of other species. Moose (Alces alces) in Scandinavia is a good example of
a herbivore that has recently increased in abundance, and has the potential to affect the ecosystem. In this study
we investigated how different levels of moose winter activity around supplementary feeding stations for moose
affect reproduction in two insectivorous passerines: great tits (Parus major) and pied flycatchers (Ficedula
hypoleuca). The two bird species showed contrasting responses to high moose activity at feeding stations. Great
tits avoided habitats with high moose activity, where fledging success and feeding frequency was lower than at
low moose activity habitats. Flycatchers nested more often at high moose activity habitats where fledging weight
and feeding frequency were higher than at low moose activity habitats. Filming of nest boxes with great tits
showed an increase in adult Lepidoptera in the diet at supplementary feeding stations for moose, and a smaller
size of caterpillar prey at intermediate moose activity. The results support the hypothesis that herbivores may
affect insectivorous passerines through changed arthropod food availability
Optimization Model to Analyse Optimal Development of NaturalGas Fields and Infrastructure

-We present an optimization model for analysis of system development for natural gas fields, processing and transport infrastructure. In this paper we present our experience from performing analyses for the natural gas industry with the optimization model. We also present a model extension in the form of continuous investment decisions. This extension allows the capacity in pipelines, processing facilities and compressors to be determined within a given range by the model. We also give a partial model description along with a case example that demonstrates the importance of using continuous investment decisions when considering design in natural gas systems
OntoVIP: An ontology for the annotation of object models used for medical image simulation.

International audienceThis paper describes the creation of a comprehensive conceptualization of object models used in medical image simulation, suitable for major imaging modalities and simulators. The goal is to create an application ontology that can be used to annotate the models in a repository integrated in the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP), to facilitate their sharing and reuse. Annotations make the anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological content of the object models explicit. In such an interdisciplinary context we chose to rely on a common integration framework provided by a foundational ontology, that facilitates the consistent integration of the various modules extracted from several existing ontologies, i.e. FMA, PATO, MPATH, RadLex and ChEBI. Emphasis is put on methodology for achieving this extraction and integration. The most salient aspects of the ontology are presented, especially the organization in model layers, as well as its use to browse and query the model repository
High speed excited multi-solitons in nonlinear Schrödinger equations

International audienceWe consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a general nonlinearity. In dimension higher than 2, this equation admits travelling wave solutions with a fixed profile which is not the ground state. This kind of profiles are called excited states. In this paper, we construct solutions to NLS behaving like a sum of N excited states which spread up quickly as time grows (which we call multi-solitons). We also show that if the flow around one of these excited states is linearly unstable, then the multi-soliton is not unique, and is unstable
On robust solutions to linear least squares problems affected by data uncertainty and implementation errors with application to stochastic signal modeling

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Engineering design problems, especially in signal and image processing, give rise to linear
least squares problems arising from discretization of some inverse problem. The associated
data are typically subject to error in these applications while the computed solution may only
be implemented up to limited accuracy digits, i.e., quantized. In the present paper, we advocate
the use of the robust counterpart approach of Ben-Tal and Nemirovski to address these
issues simultaneously. Approximate robust counterpart problems are derived, which leads to
semidefinite programming problems yielding stable solutions to overdetermined systems of
linear equations affected by both data uncertainty and implementation errors, as evidenced by
numerical examples from stochastic signal modeling.
© 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Proper conformal symmetries in self-dual Einstein spaces

Proper conformal symmetries in self-dual Einstein spaces are considered. It is shown that such symmetries are admitted only by the Einstein spaces of the type [N,−]⊗[N,−][N,−]⊗[N,−] . Spaces of the type [N]⊗[−][N]⊗[−] are considered in details. Existence of the proper conformal Killing vector implies existence of the isometric, covariantly constant, and null Killing vector. It is shown that there are two classes of [N]⊗[−][N]⊗[−] -metrics admitting proper conformal symmetry. They can be distinguished by analysis of the associated anti-self-dual (ASD) null strings. Both classes are analyzed in details. The problem is reduced to single linear partial differential equation (PDE). Some general and special solutions of this PDE are presented
Midline 1 directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of mouse killer T cells

Midline 1 (MID1) is a microtubule-associated ubiquitin ligase that regulates protein phosphatase 2A activity. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. Here, we show that MID1 is strongly upregulated in murine cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs), and that it controls TCR signaling, centrosome trafficking, and exocytosis of lytic granules. In accordance, we find that the killing capacity of MID1(-/-) CTLs is impaired. Transfection of MID1 into MID1(-/-) CTLs completely rescued lytic granule exocytosis, and vice versa, knockdown of MID1 inhibited exocytosis of lytic granules in WT CTLs, cementing a central role for MID1 in the regulation of granule exocytosis. Thus, MID1 orchestrates multiple events in CTL responses, adding a novel level of regulation to CTL activation and cytotoxicity
Fish scales patterning guiding hASC growth

Marine organisms and materials exhibit interesting properties for their
use in biomedical applications, following biomimetic approaches [1,2].
For instance, the white seabass (Lates Calcarifer) scales exhibit a very
interesting pattern, which inspire their use as a guiding platform for
cellular growth, in a tissue regeneration approach. Moreover, fish scales
are composed of hydroxyapatite and type I collagen fibrils, equivalent
to the materials that one can find in human bone, as thus their use in
bone tissue engineering is envisaged. The main goal of the present
work was the assessment of fish scales, combining intrinsic features
such as patterns, hydroxyapatite and collagen in different means, as
cell culture supports aiming at guiding cell growth and extracellular
matrix deposition and mineralization. In this sense, human adipose
derived stem cells (hASCs) were cultured onto seabass scales, under
osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions. Fish scales supported cell
adhesion and cytoskeleton organization defined by the surface patterning.
Moreover, hASCs were able to proliferate along the time of culture
and to differentiate towards the osteogenic lineage depositing and mineralizing
the characteristic extracellular matrix. This work constitutes
the first step to demonstrate the value of the intrinsic properties of seabass
scales for exploitation in the biomedical field and in particular for
bone tissue engineering
Differential studies of inclusive J/ψ and ψ(2S) production at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √ sNN=2.76 TeV

The production of J/ψ and ψ(2S) was studied with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The measurement was performed at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) down to zero transverse momentum (p t ) in the dimuon decay channel. Inclusive J/ψ yields were extracted in different centrality classes and the centrality dependence of the average p t is presented. The J/ψ suppression, quantified with the nuclear modification factor (R AA), was measured as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity. Comparisons with similar measurements at lower collision energy and theoretical models indicate that the J/ψ production is the result of an interplay between color screening and recombination mechanisms in a deconfined partonic medium, or at its hadronization. Results on the ψ(2S) suppression are provided via the ratio of ψ(2S) over J/ψ measured in pp and Pb-Pb collisions
Proteins and esterase isozymes during developmental stages of organophosphate resistant strains in Anopheles stephensi liston

The proteins and esterase isozymes from Anopheles stephensi were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Changes in proteins and esterase isozyme patterns during developmental stages were studied. A few specific protein bands were present especially in the third instar larval stage. In most strains, eggs showed only one esterase band. During the larval development many bands were gradually formed and most anodal bands were lost upon pupation. The adults showed differences in intensity and mobility exhibiting sexual dimorphism. The protein and esterase isozyme patterns of organophosphate (fenthion, methyl parathion and malathion) resistant and susceptible strains during developmental stages were compared. The zymogram and relative mobility showed variation in the number of intensity of proteins and esterase bands in the resistant strains as compared to the susceptible strains
Transfer measurements for the Ti+Ni systems at near barrier energies

Large enhancements have been observed in the sub-barrier fusion cross sections for Ti+Ni systems in our previous studies. Coupled channel calculations incorporating couplings to 2+ and 3- states failed to explain these enhancements completely. A possibility of transfer channels contributing to the residual enhancements had been suggested. In order to investigate the role of relevant transfer channels, measurements of one- and two-nucleon transfer were carried out for 46,48Ti+64Ni systems. The present paper gives the results of these studies
Monocarboxylate transporters in the brain and in cancer.

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which MCT1-4 facilitate the passive transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies together with protons across cell membranes. Their anchorage and activity at the plasma membrane requires interaction with chaperon protein such as basigin/CD147 and embigin/gp70. MCT1-4 are expressed in different tissues where they play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the brain and on cancer. In the brain, MCTs control the delivery of lactate, produced by astrocytes, to neurons, where it is used as an oxidative fuel. Consequently, MCT dysfunctions are associated with pathologies of the central nervous system encompassing neurodegeneration and cognitive defects, epilepsy and metabolic disorders. In tumors, MCTs control the exchange of lactate and other monocarboxylates between glycolytic and oxidative cancer cells, between stromal and cancer cells and between glycolytic cells and endothelial cells. Lactate is not only a metabolic waste for glycolytic cells and a metabolic fuel for oxidative cells, but it also behaves as a signaling agent that promotes angiogenesis and as an immunosuppressive metabolite. Because MCTs gate the activities of lactate, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed that could constitute new anticancer treatments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou
Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for long-lived particles is performed using a data sample of 4.7 fb[superscript −1] from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the estimated background and lower limits, at 95% confidence level, are set on the mass of the long-lived particles in different scenarios, based on their possible interactions in the inner detector, the calorimeters and the muon spectrometer. Long-lived staus in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models are excluded up to a mass of 300 GeV for tan [beta] = 5-20. Directly produced long-lived sleptons are excluded up to a mass of 278 GeV. R-hadrons, composites of gluino (stop, sbottom) and light quarks, are excluded up to a mass of 985 GeV (683 GeV, 612 GeV) when using a generic interaction model. Additionally two sets of limits on R-hadrons are obtained that are less sensitive to the interaction model for R-hadrons. One set of limits is obtained using only the inner detector and calorimeter observables, and a second set of limits is obtained based on the inner detector alone.Brookhaven National LaboratoryNational Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of Energ
Search for pair produced fourth-generation up-type quarks in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with a lepton in the final state

The results of a search for the pair production of a fourth-generation up-type quark (t′) in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV are presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 5.0 fb[superscript−1] collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at the LHC. The t′ quark is assumed to decay exclusively to a W boson and a b quark. Events with a single isolated electron or muon, missing transverse momentum, and at least four hadronic jets, of which at least one must be identified as a b jet, are selected. No significant excess of events over standard model expectations is observed. Upper limits for the t′[bar over t]′ production cross section at 95% confidence level are set as a function of t′ mass, and t′-quark production for masses below 570 GeV is excluded. The search is equally sensitive to nonchiral heavy quarks decaying to Wb. In this case, the results can be interpreted as upper limits on the production cross section times the branching fraction to Wb.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.