pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Sound Multi-Party Business Protocols for Service Networks

Service networks comprise large numbers of long-running, highly dynamic complex end-to-end service interactions reflecting asynchronous message flows that typically transcend several organizations and span several geographical locations. At the communication level, service network business protocols can be flexible ranging from conventional inter-organizational point-to-point service interactions to fully blown dynamic multi-party interactions of global reach within which each participant may contribute its activities and services. In this paper we introduce a formal framework enriched with temporal constraints to describe multiparty business protocols for service networks. We extend this framework with the notion of multi-party business protocol soundness and show how it is possible to execute a multi-party protocol consistently in a completely distributed manner while guaranteeing eventual termination
Prediction of near field overpressure from quarry blasting

This paper investigates the propagation of airblast or pressure waves in air produced by bench blasting (i.e. detonation of the explosive in a row of blastholes, breaking the burden of rock towards the free vertical face of the block). Peak overpressure is calculated as a function of blasting parameters (explosive mass per delay and velocity at which the detonation sequence proceeds along the bench) and the polar coordinates of the position of interest (distance to the source and azimuth with respect to the free face). The model has been fitted to empirical data using linear least squares. The data set is composed of 122 airblast records monitored at distances less than 400 m in 41 production blasts carried out in two quarries. The model is statistically significant and has a determination coefficient of 0.87. The formula is validated from 12 airblast measurements gathered in five additional blasts
Colocalization of α-actinin and Synaptopodin in the Pyramidal Cell Axon Initial Segment

The cisternal organelle that resides in the axon initial segment (AIS) of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal cells is thought to be involved in regulating the Ca(2+) available to maintain AIS scaffolding proteins, thereby preserving normal AIS structure and function. Through immunocytochemistry and correlative light and electron microscopy, we show here that the actin-binding protein ?-actinin is present in the typical cistenal organelle of rodent pyramidal neurons as well as in a large structure in the AIS of a subpopulation of layer V pyramidal cells that we have called the "giant saccular organelle." Indeed, this localization of ?-actinin in the AIS is dependent on the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, in the cisternal organelle of cultured hippocampal neurons, ?-actinin colocalizes extensively with synaptopodin, a protein that interacts with both actin and ?-actinin, and they appear concomitantly during the development of these neurons. Together, these results indicate that ?-actinin and the actin cytoskeleton are important components of the cisternal organelle that are probably required to stabilize the AIS
The water footprint of a river basin with a special focus on groundwater: The case of Guadalquivir basin (Spain).

In addition to revealing the hidden link between products or consumption patterns of populations and their needs in terms of water resources, the water footprint (WF) indicator generates new debates and solutions on water management at basin scale. This paper analyses the green and blue WF of the Guadalquivir basin and its integration with environmental water consumption, with a special emphasis on the WF from groundwater and its consequences on current and future depletion of surface water. In a normal year, green WF (agriculture and pastures) amounts to 190 mm on a total green water consumption of 410 mm, while the blue WF (50 mm) represents half of the total blue water flows. This constitutes a first overview and alternative interpretations of the WF as human water appropriation are introduced. The blue WF is almost entirely associated to agriculture (40 mm). The presentation of its evolution over the period 1997?2008 reveals the rising WF from groundwater (13 mm in 2008), 86% being current consumption of surface flows. This evolution is particularly ascribed to the recent development of irrigated olive groves from groundwater. To prevent a higher pressure on the environment, this new use, like all others (thermo-solar plants, tourism, etc.), could have been obtained from the reallocation of water from crops with low water productivity. It means that water is not lacking in the Guadalquivir basin if the governance setting integrates more flexibility and equity in the allocation of water to address climatic variability and the emergence of new demands
Energetic performance of landfill and digester biogas in a domestic cooker

The energetic performance of landfill biogas (LB) and biodigester biogas (BB) from municipal waste was examined in consumption tests. These tests were performed in situ at a gas generation plant associated with a landfill facility in Madrid (Spain) and following the standard UNE-EN 30-2-1 (1999). The jets of a domestic cooker commonly used for natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were modified to operate with the biogases produced at the facility. The working pressures best suited to the tested gases, i.e., to avoid flashback and flame lift, and to ensure the stability and correct functioning of the flame during combustion, were determined by trial and error. Both biogases returned optimum energetic performance for the transfer of heat to water in a metallic recipient (as required by the above standard) at a supply pressure of 10 mbar. Domestic cookers are normally supplied with NG at a pressure of 20 mbar, at which pressure the energetic performance of G20 reference gas was higher than that of both biogases (52.84% compared to 38.06% and 49.77% respectively). Data concerning these issues involving also unexplored feedstock are required for the correct conversions of domestic cookers in order to avoid risks of serious personal injuries or property damages
Bacteria detection with high-frequency gravimetric biosensors based on AlN thin film resonators

Gravimetric sensors based on shear-mode resonators are suitable for in-liquid detection of biological species because their quality factors barely decrease during in-liquid operation. However, we have found that in the particular case of large ligands, such as bacteria, the transmission of the surface movement to them appears to be more efficient when movement takes place normal to the surface (longitudinal modes) instead of to parallel to it (shear modes). In this work, we succeeded in detecting bacteria with AlN-based bulk acoustic wave solidly mounted resonators operating in longitudinal modes at 2 GHz that we were unable to detect with shear mode
The Expansion of English-medium Instruction in the Nordic Countries.Can Top-Down University Language Polices Encourage Bottom-up Disciplinary Literacy Goals?

Abstract Recently, in the wake of the Bologna Declaration and similar international
initiatives, there has been a rapid increase in the number of university courses and programmes
taught through the medium of English. Surveys have consistently shown the
Nordic countries to be at the forefront of this trend towards English-medium instruction
(EMI). In this paper, we discuss the introduction of EMI in four Nordic countries (Denmark,
Finland, Norway and Sweden). We present the educational setting and the EMI
debate in each of these countries and summarize relevant research findings. We then make
some tentative suggestions for the introduction of EMI in higher education in other
countries. In particular, we are interested in university language policies and their relevance
for the day-to-day work of faculty. We problematize one-size-fits-all university
language policies, suggesting that in order for policies to be seen as relevant they need to
be flexible enough to take into account disciplinary differences. In this respect, we make
some specific suggestions about the content of university language policies and EMI course
syllabuses. Here we recommend that university language policies should encourage the
discussion of disciplinary literacy goals and require course syllabuses to detail disciplinaryspecific
language-learning outcomes
Does rapid HIV disease progression prior to combination antiretroviral therapy hinder optimal CD4 + T-cell recovery once HIV-1 suppression is achieved?

This article compares trends in CD4 + T-cell recovery and proportions achieving optimal restoration (≥500 cells/μl) after viral suppression following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation between rapid and nonrapid progressors. We included HIV-1 seroconverters achieving viral suppression within 6 months of cART. Rapid progressors were individuals experiencing at least one CD4 + less than 200 cells/μl within 12 months of seroconverters before cART. We used piecewise linear mixed models and logistic regression for optimal restoration. Of 4024 individuals, 294 (7.3%) were classified as rapid progressors. At the same CD4 + T-cell count at cART start (baseline), rapid progressors experienced faster CD4 + T-cell increases than nonrapid progressors in first month [difference (95% confidence interval) in mean increase/month (square root scale): 1.82 (1.61; 2.04)], which reversed to slightly slower increases in months 1–18 [−0.05 (−0.06; −0.03)] and no significant differences in 18–60 months [−0.003 (−0.01; 0.01)]. Percentage achieving optimal restoration was significantly lower for rapid progressors than nonrapid progressors at months 12 (29.2 vs. 62.5%) and 36 (47.1 vs. 72.4%) but not at month 60 (70.4 vs. 71.8%). These differences disappeared after adjusting for baseline CD4 + T-cell count: odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.86 (0.61; 1.20), 0.90 (0.38; 2.17) and 1.56 (0.55; 4.46) at months 12, 36 and 60, respectively. Among people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy, rapid progressors experience faster initial increases of CD4 + T-cell counts than nonrapid progressors, but are less likely to achieve optimal restoration during the first 36 months after cART, mainly because of lower CD4 + T-cell counts at cART initiation
Energy payback time of grid connected pv systems: comparison between tracking and fixed systems

A review of existing studies about LCA of PV systems has been carried out. The\ud
data from this review have been completed with our own figures in order to calculate\ud
the Energy Payback Time of double and horizontal axis tracking and fixed systems. The\ud
results of this metric span from 2 to 5 years for the latitude and global irradiation ranges\ud
of the geographical area comprised between −10◦ to 10◦ of longitude, and 30◦ to 45◦ of\ud
latitude. With the caution due to the uncertainty of the sources of information, these\ud
results mean that a GCPVS is able to produce back the energy required for its existence\ud
from 6 to 15 times during a life cycle of 30 years.\ud
When comparing tracking and fixed systems, the great importance of the PV generator\ud
makes advisable to dedicate more energy to some components of the system in order to\ud
increase the productivity and to obtain a higher performance of the component with\ud
the highest energy requirement. Both double axis and horizontal axis trackers follow\ud
this way, requiring more energy in metallic structure, foundations and wiring, but this\ud
higher contribution is widely compensated by the improved productivity of the system
Strengthening the reporting of genetic association studies (STREGA): An extension of the STROBE statement

Making sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modeling haplotype variation, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data, and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct, or analysis
Quadratic Lagrangians and Topology in Gauge Theory Gravity

We consider topological contributions to the action integral in a gauge
theory formulation of gravity. Two topological invariants are found and are
shown to arise from the scalar and pseudoscalar parts of a single integral.
Neither of these action integrals contribute to the classical field equations.
An identity is found for the invariants that is valid for non-symmetric Riemann
tensors, generalizing the usual GR expression for the topological invariants.
The link with Yang-Mills instantons in Euclidean gravity is also explored. Ten
independent quadratic terms are constructed from the Riemann tensor, and the
topological invariants reduce these to eight possible independent terms for a
quadratic Lagrangian. The resulting field equations for the parity
non-violating terms are presented. Our derivations of these results are
considerably simpler that those found in the literature
Long-Range Correlations and the Momentum Distribution in Nuclei

The influence of correlations on the momentum distribution of nucleons in
nuclei is evaluated starting from a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction. The
calculations are performed directly for the finite nucleus $\,^{16}$O making
use of the Green's function approach. The emphasis is focused on the
correlations induced by the excitation modes at low energies described within a
model-space of shell-model configurations including states up to the sdg shell.
Our analysis demonstrates that these long-range correlations do not produce any
significant enhancement of the momentum distribution at high missing momenta
and low missing energies. This is in agreement with high resolution $(e,e'p)$
experiments for this nucleus. We also try to simulate the corresponding effects
in large nuclei by quenching the energy-spacing between single-particle orbits.
This yields a sizable enhancement of the spectral function at large momenta and
small energy. Such behavior could explain the deviation of the momentum
distribution from the mean field prediction, which has been observed in
$(e,e'p)$ experiments on heavy nuclei like $^{208}$Pb
Molecular anisotropic magnetoresistance

Using density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the effect of anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) can be enhanced by orders of magnitude with respect to conventional bulk ferromagnets in junctions containing molecules sandwiched between ferromagnetic leads. We study ballistic transport in metal-benzene complexes contacted by 3d transition-metal wires. We show that a gigantic AMR can arise from spin-orbit coupling effects in the leads, drastically enhanced by orbital-symmetry filtering properties of the molecules. We further discuss how this molecular anisotropic magnetoresistance (MAMR) can be tuned by the proper choice of materials and their electronic properties
General properties of holographic entanglement entropy

The Ryu-Takayanagi formula implies many general properties of entanglement entropies in holographic theories. We review the known properties, such as continuity, strong subadditivity, and monogamy of mutual information, and fill in gaps in some of the previously-published proofs. We also add a few new properties, including: properties of the map from boundary regions to bulk regions implied by the RT formula, such as monotonicity; conditions under which subadditivity-type inequalities are saturated; and an inequality concerning reflection-symmetric states. We attempt to draw lessons from these properties about the structure of the reduced density matrix in holographic theories
Statistics of thermalization in Bjorken flow

The apparent early thermalization of quark-gluon plasma produced at RHIC and LHC has motivated a number of studies of strongly coupled N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory using the AdS/CFT correspondence. Here we present the results of numerical simulations of Bjorken flow aimed at establishing typical features of the dynamics. This is done by evolving a large number of far from equilibrium initial states well into the hydrodynamic regime. The results strongly suggest that early thermalization is generic in this theory, taking place at proper times just over 0.6 in units of inverse local temperature at that time. We also find that the scale which determines the rate of hydrodynamic cooling is linearly correlated with the entropy of initial states defined by the area of the apparent horizon in the dual geometry. Our results also suggest that entropy production during the hydrodynamic stage of evolution is not negligible despite the low value of η / s
Localised anti-branes in flux backgrounds

Solutions corresponding to finite temperature (anti)-D3 and M2 branes localised in flux backgrounds are constructed in a linear approximation. The flux backgrounds considered are toy models for the IR of the Klebanov-Strassler solution and its M-theory analogue, the Cvetič-Gibbons-Lü-Pope solution. Smooth solutions exist for either sign charge, in stark contrast with the previously considered case of smeared black branes. That the singularities of the anti-branes in the zero temperature extremal limit can be shielded behind a finite temperature horizon indicates that the singularities are physical and resolvable by string theory. As the charge of the branes grows large and negative, the flux at the horizon increases without bound and diverges in the extremal limit, which suggests a resolution via brane polarisation à la Polchinski-Strassler. It therefore appears that the anti-brane singularities do not indicate a problem with the SUSY-breaking metastable states corresponding to expanded anti-brane configurations in these backgrounds, nor with the use of these states in constructing the de Sitter landscape
On neutrino and charged lepton masses and mixings: a view from the electroweak-scale right-handed neutrino model

We present a model of neutrino masses within the framework of the EW- ν R model in which the experimentally desired form of the PMNS matrix is obtained by applying an A 4 symmetry to the Higgs singlet sector responsible for the neutrino Dirac mass matrix. This mechanism naturally avoids potential conflict with the LHC data which severely constrains the Higgs sector, in particular the Higgs doublets. Moreover, by making a simple ansätz we extract ℳ l ℳ l † $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}_{\mathrm{l}}{{\mathrm{\mathcal{M}}}_{\mathrm{l}}}^{\dagger } $$ for the charged lepton sector. A similar ansätz is proposed for the quark sector. The sources of masses for the neutrinos are entirely different from those for the charged leptons and for the quarks and this might explain why U PMNS is very different from V CKM
Smeared antibranes polarise in AdS

In the recent literature it has been questioned whether the local backreaction of antibranes in flux throats can induce a perturbative brane-flux decay. Most evidence for this can be gathered for D6 branes and D p branes smeared over 6 − p compact directions, in line with the absence of finite temperature solutions for these cases. The solutions in the literature have flat worldvolume geometries and non-compact transversal spaces. In this paper we consider what happens when the worldvolume is AdS and the transversal space is compact. We show that in these circumstances brane polarisation smoothens out the flux singularity, which is an indication that brane-flux decay is prevented. This is consistent with the fact that the cosmological constant would be less negative after brane-flux decay. Our results extend recent results on AdS 7 solutions from D6 branes to AdS p +1 solutions from D p branes. We show that supersymmetry of the AdS solutions depend on p non-trivially
Horizon Shells and BMS-like Soldering Transformations

We revisit the theory of null shells in general relativity, with a particular
emphasis on null shells placed at horizons of black holes. We study in detail
the considerable freedom that is available in the case that one solders two
metrics together across null hypersurfaces (such as Killing horizons) for which
the induced metric is invariant under translations along the null generators.
In this case the group of soldering transformations turns out to be infinite
dimensional, and these solderings create non-trivial horizon shells containing
both massless matter and impulsive gravitational wave components. We also
rephrase this result in the language of Carrollian symmetry groups. To
illustrate this phenomenon we discuss in detail the example of shells on the
horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole (with equal interior and exterior
mass), uncovering a rich classical structure at the horizon and deriving an
explicit expression for the general horizon shell energy-momentum tensor. In
the special case of BMS-like soldering supertranslations we find a conserved
shell-energy that is strikingly similar to the standard expression for
asymptotic BMS supertranslation charges, suggesting a direct relation between
the physical properties of these horizon shells and the recently proposed BMS
supertranslation hair of a black hole.Comment: 23 page
Multimodel assessment of water scarcity under climate change

Water scarcity severely impairs food security and economic prosperity in many countries today. Expected future population changes will, in many countries as well as globally, increase the pressure on available water resources. On the supply side, renewable water resources will be affected by projected changes in precipitation patterns, temperature, and other climate variables. Here we use a large ensemble of global hydrological models (GHMs) forced by five global climate models and the latest greenhouse-gas concentration scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways) to synthesize the current knowledge about climate change impacts on water resources. We show that climate change is likely to exacerbate regional and global water scarcity considerably. In particular, the ensemble average projects that a global warming of 2 degrees C above present (approximately 2.7 degrees C above preindustrial) will confront an additional approximate 15% of the global population with a severe decrease in water resources and will increase the number of people living under absolute water scarcity (<500 m3 per capita per year) by another 40% (according to some models, more than 100%) compared with the effect of population growth alone. For some indicators of moderate impacts, the steepest increase is seen between the present day and 2 degrees C, whereas indicators of very severe impacts increase unabated beyond 2 degrees C. At the same time, the study highlights large uncertainties associated with these estimates, with both global climate models and GHMs contributing to the spread. GHM uncertainty is particularly dominant in many regions affected by declining water resources, suggesting a high potential for improved water resource projections through hydrological model development