pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Modeling Information Exchange Opportunities for Effective Human-Computer Teamwork

This paper studies information exchange in collaborative group activities involving mixed networks of people and computer agents. It introduces the concept of "nearly decomposable" decision-making problems to address the complexity of information exchange decisions in such multi-agent settings. This class of decision-making problems arise in settings which have an action structure that requires agents to reason about only a subset of their partners' actions – but otherwise allows them to act independently. The paper presents a formal model of nearly decomposable decision-making problems, NED-MDPs, and defines an approximation algorithm, NED-DECOP that computes efficient information exchange strategies. The paper shows that NED-DECOP is more efficient than prior collaborative planning algorithms for this class of problem. It presents an empirical study of the information exchange decisions made by the algorithm that investigates the extent to which people accept interruption requests from a computer agent. The context for the study is a game in which the agent can ask people for information that may benefit its individual performance and thus the groupʼs collaboration. This study revealed the key factors affecting peopleʼs perception of the benefit of interruptions in this setting. The paper also describes the use of machine learning to predict the situations in which people deviate from the strategies generated by the algorithm, using a combination of domain features and features informed by the algorithm. The methodology followed in this work could form the basis for designing agents that effectively exchange information in collaborations with people.Engineering and Applied Science
Maintaining factors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: A population-based, two-year follow-up study

Background: Previous research has established a number of risk factors that are associated with the onset of PTSD following childbirth. However, little is known about factors that maintain PTSD symptoms.\ud
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Methods: This study is part of the Akershus Birth Cohort. Questionnaire data from pregnancy week 17, 8 weeks postpartum and 2 years postpartum were used. 1473 women completed all these three questionnaires and were included in the analyses. Post-traumatic stress symptoms were measured with the Impact of Event Scale. Potential maintaining factors were personality, sleep, support and life events.\ud
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The factors that were significantly correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms were entered into regression analyses. Mediation analyses were run to test whether significant predictors would serve as mediator of post-traumatic stress symptoms at 8 weeks postpartum to post-traumatic stress symptoms at 2 years postpartum.\ud
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Results: We found several low to moderate associations between maintaining factors and PTSD symptoms two years postpartum. Adjusting for the starting point – PTSD symptoms 8 weeks postpartum – only insomnia remained significantly associated. Further, insomnia mediated a small portion of the effect of PTSD symptoms 8 weeks postpartum to PTSD symptoms 2 years postpartum.\ud
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Limitations: Limitations of the study include a relative homogeneous sample, modest effect sizes, low internal consistency of some of the measures and the challenge to distinguish insomnia from PTSD symptoms.\ud
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Conclusions: Treatment of postpartum PTSD might benefit from addressing insomnia if present. Alleviating insomnia may itself reduce daytime symptoms of PTSD and it may also increase the efficacy of primary PTSD treatments
Not In Our Backyard: Spectroscopic Support for the CLASH z=11 Candidate
  MACS0647-JD

We report on our first set of spectroscopic Hubble Space Telescope
observations of the z~11 candidate galaxy strongly lensed by the
MACSJ0647.7+7015 galaxy cluster. The three lensed images are faint and we show
that these early slitless grism observations are of sufficient depth to
investigate whether this high-redshift candidate, identified by its strong
photometric break at ~1.5 micron, could possibly be an emission line galaxy at
a much lower redshift. While such an interloper would imply the existence of a
rather peculiar object, we show here that such strong emission lines would
clearly have been detected. Comparing realistic, two-dimensional simulations to
these new observations we would expect the necessary emission lines to be
detected at >5 sigma while we see no evidence for such lines in the dispersed
data of any of the three lensed images. We therefore exclude that this object
could be a low redshift emission line interloper, which significantly increases
the likelihood of this candidate being a bona fide z~11 galaxy.Comment: 14 Pages. 6 Figures. 2nd revised version. Accepted. To appear in ApJ.
  Please contact npirzkal@stsci.edu for comments on this pape
The polarization observables T, P, and H and their impact on $\gamma p
  \to p\pi^0$ multipoles

Data on the polarization observables T, P, and H for the reaction $\gamma
p\to p\pi^0$ are reported. Compared to earlier data from other experiments, our
data are more precise and extend the covered range in energy and angle
substantially. The results were extracted from azimuthal asymmetries measured
using a transversely polarized target and linearly polarized photons. The data
were taken at the Bonn electron stretcher accelerator ELSA with the CBELSA/TAPS
detector. Within the Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis, the new polarization
data lead to a significant narrowing of the error band for the multipoles for
neutral-pion photoproduction
Peccei-Quinn field for inflation, baryogenesis, dark matter, and much
  more

We propose a scenario of brane cosmology in which the Peccei-Quinn field
plays the role of the inflaton and solves simultaneously many cosmological and
phenomenological issues such as the generation of a heavy Majorana mass for the
right-handed neutrinos needed for seesaw mechanism, MSSM $\mu$-parameter, the
right amount of baryon number asymmetry and dark matter relic density at the
present universe, together with an axion solution to the strong CP problem
without the domain wall obstacle. Interestingly, the scales of the soft
SUSY-breaking mass parameter and that of the breaking of $U(1)_{\rm PQ}$
symmetry are lower bounded at $\mathcal{O}(10) {\mathrm TeV}$ and
$\mathcal{O}(10^{11}) {\mathrm GeV}$, respectively.Comment: 7 pages, journal versio
Is the left hemisphere androcentric? Evidence of the learned categorical perception of gender.

Effects of language learning on categorical perception have been detected in multiple domains. We extended the methods of these studies to gender and pitted the predictions of androcentrism theory and the spatial agency bias against each other. Androcentrism is the tendency to take men as the default gender and is socialized through language learning. The spatial agency bias is a tendency to imagine men before women in the left-right axis in the direction of one's written language. We examined how gender-ambiguous faces were categorized as female or male when presented in the left visual fields (LVFs) and right visual fields (RVFs) to 42 native speakers of English. When stimuli were presented in the RVF rather than the LVF, participants (1) applied a lower threshold to categorize stimuli as male and (2) categorized clearly male faces as male more quickly. Both findings support androcentrism theory suggesting that the left hemisphere, which is specialized for language, processes face stimuli as male-by-default more readily than the right hemisphere. Neither finding evidences an effect of writing direction predicted by the spatial agency bias on the categorization of gender-ambiguous faces
Historical Oslo on a handheld device – a mobile augmented reality application

Mobile augmented reality (AR) applications can provide just-in-time information based on the user’s preferences and context and
thus improve the tourist experience. Due to various problems, the potential of this technology has yet to be fully exploited. In this
paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a mobile AR application for historical Oslo that aims to bring
history to life by providing historical pictures of a location, depending on the direction in which the camera is pointing. This
application can run offline and is designed as a generic framework where a similar application for a new city can be created by
simply replacing the city-specific database
Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Leisure Activities and Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction

Participation in leisure activities is an important
arena for the positive psychological development of adolescents.
The present study set out to examine the relationship
between adolescents’ satisfaction of the psychological
needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy in their
participation in leisure activities and their perceived life
satisfaction. The aim was to identify the extent to which
satisfaction of the three needs explained the relationship
between participation in leisure activities and life satisfaction.
These proposed mechanisms were based on previous
empirical work and the theoretical frameworks of selfdetermination
theory, and were tested in a nationally representative
sample of Norwegian adolescents (N = 3,273)
aged 15 and 16 years (51.8 %boys). The structural equation
analysis showed that competence and relatedness satisfaction
fully mediated the association between participation in
activities and life satisfaction. Autonomy satisfaction had a
direct positive effect on life satisfaction but did not show
any mediation effect. The positive processes of psychological
need satisfaction, and especially the need for competence
and relatedness, experienced in the leisure activity
domain thus seem to be beneficial for adolescents’ wellbeing.
These findings add to previous research investigating
the positive impact of need satisfaction in other important
domains in the lives of children and adolescent
HGF/c-Met signaling promotes liver progenitor cell migration and invasion by an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-independent, phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase-dependent pathway in an in vitro model

Oval cells constitute an interesting hepatic cell population. They contribute to sustain liver regeneration during chronic liver damage, but in doing this they can be target of malignant conversion and become tumor-initiating cells and drive hepatocarcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms beneath either their pro-regenerative or pro-tumorigenic potential are still poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of the HGF/c-Met pathway in regulation of oval cell migratory and invasive properties. Our results show that HGF induces c-Met-dependent oval cell migration both in normal culture conditions and after in vitro wounding. HGF-triggered migration involves Factin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is also evidenced by activation of Rac1. Furthermore, HGF causes ZO-1 translocation from cell-cell contact sites to cytoplasm and its concomitant activation by phosphorylation. However, no loss of expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins, including E-cadherin, ZO-1 and Occludin-1, is observed. Additionally, migration does not lead to cell dispersal but to a characteristic organized pattern in rows, in turn associated with Golgi compaction, providing strong evidence of a morphogenic collective migration. Besides migration, HGF increases oval cell invasion through extracellular matrix, process that requires PI3K activation and is at least partly mediated by expression and activation of metalloproteases. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating the essential role of HGF/c-Met signaling during oval cell-mediated mouse liver regeneration
On the buildup of massive early-type galaxies at z≲1 I. Reconciling their hierarchical assembly with mass downsizing

Context. Several studies have tried to ascertain whether the increase in abundance of the early-type galaxies (E-S0a's) with time is mainly due to major mergers, but have reached opposite conclusions. Aims. We have tested it directly through semi-analytical modelling, quantifying the possible contribution of the observed major mergers to the evolution of the high-mass end of the galaxy luminosity function (LF). Methods. The model analyses the backwards-in-time evolution of the massive early-type galaxies with log(M_*/M_⨀) > 11 at z∼0 (mETGs) under the hypothesis that each major merger leads to an early-type galaxy. The model considers only the major mergers strictly reported by observations at each redshift and assumes that gas-rich major mergers experience transitory phases as dust-reddened, star-forming galaxies (DSFs). Results. The model is able to reproduce the observed evolution of the galaxy LFs at z ≲ 1 simultaneously for different rest-frame bands (B, I, and K) and for different selection criteria on colour and morphology. It also provides a framework in which apparently contradictory results on the recent evolution of the LF of massive red galaxies can be reconciled, just considering that observed samples of red galaxies can be significantly contaminated by DSFs. The model proves that it is feasible to build up ∼50-60% of the present-day number density of mETGs at z≲1 through the coordinated action of wet, mixed, and dry major mergers, fulfilling global trends that are in general agreement with mass downsizing. The bulk of this assembly takes place during ∼1 Gyr elapsed at 0.8 < z < 1, providing a straightforward explanation for the observed fact that redshift z ∼ 0.8 is a transition epoch in the formation of mETGs. The gas-rich progenitors of these recently assembled mETGs reproduce the observed excess by a factor of ∼4-5 of late-type galaxies at 0.8 < z < 1 naturally, as compared to pure luminosity evolution (PLE) models. Conclusions. The model suggests that major mergers have been the main driver for the observed mass migration from the massive end of the blue galaxy cloud to that of the red sequence in the past ∼8 Gyr
Poles of light resonances from unitarized Chiral\ud
perturbation Theory and their large N_c behavior

We have recently completed the one loop calculation of meson-meson scattering within Chiral Perturbation Theory. Once unitarized, these amplitudes provide simultaneously a remarkable description of the resonance region up to 1.2 GeV as well as the low energy region, respecting the chiral symmetry expansion. The position of the poles in these amplitudes is related to the mass and width of the associated resonances that are generated without being explicitly included in the Lagrangian. The spectroscopic nature of these states can then be deduced by studying the behavior of these poles, through the N_c dependence of the Chiral Perturbation Theory parameters, which can be obtained from QCD in the large N_c limit
Linear polarization structures in LOFAR observations of the interstellar medium in the 3C 196 field

This study aims to characterize linear polarization structures in LOFAR observations of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the 3C196 field, one of the primary fields of the LOFAR-Epoch of Reionization key science project. We have used the high band antennas (HBA) of LOFAR to image this region and Rotation Measure (RM) synthesis to unravel the distribution of polarized structures in Faraday depth. The brightness temperature of the detected Galactic emission is 5−15 K in polarized intensity and covers the range from -3 to +8 rad m−2 in Faraday depth. The most interesting morphological feature is a strikingly straight filament at a Faraday depth of +0.5 rad m−2 running from north to south, right through the centre of the field and parallel to the Galactic plane. There is also an interesting system of linear depolarization canals conspicuous in an image showing the peaks of Faraday spectra. We used the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at 350 MHz to image the same region. For the first time, we see some common morphology in the RM cubes made at 150 and 350~{; ; \rm MHz}; ; . There is no indication of diffuse emission in total intensity in the interferometric data, in line with results at higher frequencies and previous LOFAR observations. Based on our results, we determined physical parameters of the ISM and proposed a simple model that may explain the observed distribution of the intervening magneto- ionic medium. The mean line-of-sight magnetic field component, B∥, is determined to be 0.3±0.1 μG and its spatial variation across the 3C196 field is 0.1 μG. The filamentary structure is probably an ionized filament in the ISM, located somewhere within the Local Bubble. This filamentary structure shows an excess in thermal electron density (neB∥&gt;6.2 cm−3μG) compared to its surroundings
Search for new physics in the multijet and missing transverse momentum final state in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for new physics is performed in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at TeX = 8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample is divided into three jet multiplicity categories (3-5, 6-7, and ≥8 jets), and studied further in bins of two variables: the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta and the missing transverse momentum. The observed numbers of events in various categories are consistent with backgrounds expected from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are presented for several simplified supersymmetric models of squark or gluino pair production
Elliptic fibrations with rank three Mordell-Weil group: F-theory with U(1)×U(1)×U(1) gauge symmetry

We analyze general F-theory compactifications with U(1)×U(1)×U(1) Abelian gauge symmetry by constructing the general elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds with a rank three Mordell-Weil group of rational sections. The general elliptic fiber is shown to be a complete intersection of two non-generic quadrics in ℙ 3 and resolved elliptic fibrations are obtained by embedding the fiber as the generic Calabi-Yau complete intersection into Bl 3 ℙ 3 , the blow-up of ℙ 3 at three points. For a fixed base B , there are finitely many Calabi-Yau elliptic fibrations. Thus, F-theory compactifications on these Calabi-Yau manifolds are shown to be labeled by integral points in reflexive polytopes constructed from the nef-partition of Bl 3 ℙ 3 . We determine all 14 massless matter representations to six and four dimensions by an explicit study of the codimension two singularities of the elliptic fibration. We obtain three matter representations charged under all three U(1)-factors, most notably a tri-fundamental representation. The existence of these representations, which are not present in generic perturbative Type II compactifications, signifies an intriguing universal structure of codimension two singularities of the elliptic fibrations with higher rank Mordell-Weil groups. We also compute explicitly the corresponding 14 multiplicities of massless hypermultiplets of a six-dimensional F-theory compactification for a general base B
Top Partner Discovery in the T → tZ channel at the LHC

In this paper we study the discovery potential of the LHC run II for heavy vector-like top quarks in the decay channel to a top and a Z boson. Despite the usually smaller branching ratio compared to charged-current decays, this channel is rather clean and allows for a complete mass reconstruction of the heavy top. The latter is achieved in the leptonic decay channel of the Z boson and in the fully hadronic top channel using boosted jet and jet substructure techniques. To be as model-independent as possible, a simplified model approach with only two free parameters has been applied. The results are presented in terms of parameter space regions for 3 σ evidence or 5 σ discovery for such new states in that channel
Quantum spectral curve for arbitrary state/operator in AdS 5 /CFT 4

We give a derivation of quantum spectral curve (QSC) — a finite set of Riemann-Hilbert equations for exact spectrum of planar N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM theory proposed in our recent paper Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014). We also generalize this construction to all local single trace operators of the theory, in contrast to the TBA-like approaches worked out only for a limited class of states. We reveal a rich algebraic and analytic structure of the QSC in terms of a so called Q-system — a finite set of Baxter-like Q-functions. This new point of view on the finite size spectral problem is shown to be completely compatible, though in a far from trivial way, with already known exact equations (analytic Y-system/TBA, or FiNLIE). We use the knowledge of this underlying Q-system to demonstrate how the classical finite gap solutions and the asymptotic Bethe ansatz emerge from our formalism in appropriate limits
The Influence of High-Impact Exercise on Cortical and Trabecular Bone Mineral Content and 3D Distribution Across the Proximal Femur in Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Unilateral Intervention

Regular exercisers have lower fracture risk, despite modest effects of exercise on bone mineral content (BMC). Exercise may produce localized cortical and trabecular bone changes that affect bone strength independently of BMC. We previously demonstrated that brief, daily unilateral hopping exercises increased femoral neck BMC in the exercise leg versus the control leg of older men. This study evaluated the effects of these exercises on cortical and trabecular bone and its 3D distribution across the proximal femur, using clinical CT. Fifty healthy men had pelvic CT scans before and after the exercise intervention. We used hip QCT analysis to quantify BMC in traditional regions of interest and estimate biomechanical variables. Cortical bone mapping localized cortical mass surface density and endocortical trabecular density changes across each proximal femur, which involved registration to a canonical proximal femur model. Following statistical parametric mapping, we visualized and quantified statistically significant changes of variables over time in both legs, and significant differences between legs. Thirty-four men aged mean (SD) 70 (4) years exercised for 12-months, attending 92% of prescribed sessions. In traditional regions of interest, cortical and trabecular BMC increased over time in both legs. Cortical BMC at the trochanter increased more in the exercise than control leg, whereas femoral neck buckling ratio declined more in the exercise than control leg. Across the entire proximal femur, cortical mass surface density increased significantly with exercise (2.7%; p < 0.001), with larger changes (> 6%) at anterior and posterior aspects of the femoral neck and anterior shaft. Endocortical trabecular density also increased (6.4%; p < 0.001), with localized changes of > 12% at the anterior femoral neck, trochanter, and inferior femoral head. Odd impact exercise increased cortical mass surface density and endocortical trabecular density, at regions that may be important to structural integrity. These exercise-induced changes were localized rather than being evenly distributed across the proximal femur. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.This research was financially supported by a National Osteoporosis Innovative Award, Medical Research Council UK Interdisciplinary Bridging Award, and a Loughborough University Scholarship. KESP acknowledges support of the Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.249