pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The potential role of Antarctic krill faecal pellets in efficient carbon export at the marginal ice zone of the South Orkney Islands in spring

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) play a central\ud
role in the food web of the Southern Ocean, forming\ud
a link between primary production and large predators.\ud
Krill produce large, faecal pellets (FP) which can form a\ud
large component of mesopelagic particulate organic carbon\ud
(POC) fluxes. However, the patchy distribution of krill\ud
swarms, highly variable pellet composition, and variable\ud
sinking and attenuation rates means that these episodic,\ud
but potentially large, carbon fluxes are difficult to sample\ud
or model. We measured particle flux and type using Marine\ud
Snow Catchers (MSC) in the marginal ice zone near the\ud
South Orkneys, Antarctica. Krill FP were the dominant\ud
component of the POC flux in the upper 200 m (typically\ud
60–85%). FP sinking velocities measured onboard were\ud
highly variable (15–507 m d−\ud
1) but overall high, with\ud
mean equivalent velocities of 172, 267, and 161 m d−\ud
1 at\ud
our three stations. The high numbers of krill FP sinking\ud
through the mesopelagic suggest that krill FP can be transferred\ud
efficiently and/or that rates of krill FP production are\ud
high. We compared our direct MSC-derived estimates of krill FP POC flux (33–154 mg C m−\ud
2 d−\ud
1) and attenuation\ud
to estimates of krill FP production based on previous measurements\ud
of krill density and literature FP egestion rates,\ud
and estimated net krill FP attenuation rates in the upper\ud
mesopelagic. Calculated attenuation rates are sensitive to\ud
krill densities in the overlying water column but suggest\ud
that krill FP could be transferred efficiently through the\ud
upper mesopelagic, and, in agreement with our MSC attenuation\ud
estimates, could make large contributions to bathypelagic\ud
POC fluxes. Our study contrasts with some others\ud
which suggest rapid FP attenuation, highlighting the need\ud
for further work to constrain attenuation rates and assess\ud
how important the contribution of Antarctic krill FP could\ud
be to the Southern Ocean biological carbon pump
Double layer SiO2/Al2O3 high emissivity coatings on stainless steel substrates using simple spray deposition system

High emissivity coatings are widely used in spacecraft and industrial furnaces, which have attracted a great attention recently due to energy saving applications. In this study, a\ud
simple spray coating method was used to produce double layer high emissivity coatings on stainless steel (SS) substrate by sol-gel process at room temperature. Initially silica (SiO2) sol, prepared using sol-gel process, was deposited on sandblasted SS substrate with required\ud
thickness, followed by deposition of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) layer. The gradual increase in the thickness of Al2O3 layer resulted in increase in the emittance. The optimized double layer Al2O3 (23 μm)/SiO2 (9.13 μm) coating on SS substrate exhibited high emittance (ε = 0.92-\ud
0.94) and low absorptance (α = 0.30-0.34). The high emissivity coating, when exposed to a temperature of 1000 ºC in air, showed nearly the same value of emissivity. The SiO2/Al2O3 coating thus provides a simple and cost effective method for the preparation of high emissivity coatings
On the correct interpretation of p values and the importance of random variables

The p value is the probability under the null hypothesis of obtaining an experimental result that is at least as extreme as the one that we have actually obtained. That probability plays a crucial role in frequentist statistical inferences. But if we take the word ‘extreme’ to mean ‘improbable’, then we can show that this type of inference can be very problematic. In this paper, I argue that it is a mistake to make such an interpretation. Under minimal assumptions about the alternative hypothesis, I explain why ‘extreme’ means ‘outside the most precise predicted range of experimental outcomes for a given upper bound probability of error’. Doing so, I rebut recent formulations of recurrent criticisms against the frequentist approach in statistics and underscore the importance of random variables
Swift heavy ion damage to sodium chloride: synergy between excitation and thermal spikes

Systematic data on the effect of irradiation with swift ions (Zn at 735 MeV and Xe at 929 MeV) on NaCl single crystals have been analysed in terms of a synergetic two-spike approach (thermal and excitation spikes). The coupling of the two spikes, simultaneously generated by the irradiation, contributes to the operation of a non-radiative exciton decay model as proposed for purely ionization damage. Using this scheme, we have accounted for the π-emission yield of self-trapped excitons and its temperature dependence under ion-beam irradiation. Moreover, the initial production rates of F-centre growth have also been reasonably simulated for irradiation at low temperatures ( < 100 K), where colour centre annealing and aggregation can be neglected
The effects of non-normality and nonlinearity of the Navier–Stokes operator on the dynamics of a large laminar separation bubble

Publisher version : http://pof.aip.org/resource/1/phfle6/v22/i1/p014102_s1?isAuthorized=noThe effects of non-normality and nonlinearity of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes differential operator on the dynamics of a large laminar separation bubble over a flat plate have been studied in both subcritical and slightly supercritical conditions. The global eigenvalue analysis and direct numerical simulations have been employed in order to investigate the linear and nonlinear stability of the flow. The steady-state solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations at supercritical and slightly subcritical Reynolds numbers have been computed by means of a continuation procedure. Topological flow changes on the base flow have been found to occur close to transition, supporting the hypothesis of some authors that unsteadiness of separated flows could be due to structural changes within the bubble. The global eigenvalue analysis and numerical simulations initialized with small amplitude perturbations have shown that the non-normality of convective modes allows the bubble to act as a strong amplifier of small disturbances. For subcritical conditions, nonlinear effects have been found to induce saturation of such an amplification, originating a wave-packet cycle similar to the one established in supercritical conditions, but which is eventually damped. A transient amplification of finite amplitude perturbations has been observed even in the attached region due to the high sensitivity of the flow to external forcing, as assessed by a linear sensitivity analysis. For supercritical conditions, the non-normality of the modes has been found to generate low-frequency oscillations (flapping) at large times. The dependence of such frequencies on the Reynolds number has been investigated and a scaling law based on a physical interpretation of the phenomenon has been provided, which is able to explain the onset of a secondary flapping frequency close to transition
Modeling of interferences during thread milling operation

Thread milling is becoming more and more employed as a technique for
producing thread, due to its advantages for industrial manufacturing sectors, such as the
aeronautics, aerospace, and energy industries. The thread milling operation is atypical
and several aspects have to be taken into account to perform it in good conditions. As for
milling or grinding worms, grooves, thread or others sculptured surfaces, in thread milling,
there exists a geometrical interference between the tool and the nominal surface which
would be obtained. Thread mills have quite complex geometry and their profile has an
effect on the machined thread. The present study details geometrical aspects of the
thread milling process. This article deals with the link between thread mill geometry and
nominal thread profile. An approach is proposed to analyze the thread profile generated
by the thread mill envelope. It is deduced that thread milling produces interferences, i.e.
the machined thread profile is affected by an overcut. A method is proposed to correct
this geometrical error in order to produce accurate thread
Microscopic dynamics in the liquid Li-Na alloy: An ab initio molecular dynamics study

Producción CientíficaWe present results for several structural and dynamical properties of the liquid Li1-xNax alloy. The study has been carried out by means of the orbital-free ab initio molecular dynamics method, combined with local ionic pseudopotentials constructed within the same framework. We obtain good agreement with the available experimental data, reproducing accurately, the strong homocoordinating tendencies exhibited by this alloy. The calculated partial dynamic structure factors exhibit clear side peaks whose frequencies, for q<~0.25Å-1, correspond to the hydrodynamic sound dispersion of the binary alloy, whereas for larger q values fast and slow sound modes are identified. The mass ratio in this system, mNa/mLi≈3, is the smallest one so far for which the fast mode is observed
Sample sonication after trichloroacetic acid precipitation increases protein recovery from cultured hippocampal neurons, and improves resolution and reproducibility in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Protein precipitation with TCA followed by acetone washing is frequently used to clean samples before 2-DE. However, the difficulty in solubilizing TCA-precipitated proteins causes some variability in 2-D gels and makes it difficult to detect some proteins. In this work we show that sonication of the samples, after TCA precipitation followed by elution in sample buffer, increases total protein recovery, and improves reproducibility and matching ratios between gels when analyzed by specialized software.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.20050075
LIS1 association with dynactin is required for nuclear motility and genomic union in the fertilized mammalian oocyte

Mutations in the human LIS1 gene cause the devastating brain disorder lissencephaly. LIS1 also regulates microtubule dynamics; it interacts with the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein and its cofactor dynactin, and is necessary for neuronal migration. Recently, LIS1 has been suggested to mediate pronuclear migration during fertilization. Here we use rhesus monkey and bovine oocytes, as well as pronucleate-stage bovine zygotes, to determine: Lis1 RNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; LIS1 protein association with dynactin using immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, and immunocytochemistry; and LIS1 function in mediating genomic union using antibody transfection. We find that Lis1 RNA expression increases during fertilization, that LIS1 and dynactin subunit p150/Glued co-immunoprecipitate and co-localize to pronuclear surfaces, and that anti-LIS1 antibodies transfected into zygotes dramatically inhibit pronuclear migration and apposition. LIS1 is, therefore, essential to mediate genomic union in a process that involves the dynein-dynactin complex. These results shed light on an additional role for LIS1 and raise implications for human reproduction. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 56:245-251, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.1015
Experiment to measure the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen

Abstract  The contribution of the root mean square (RMS) proton charge radius to the Lamb shift (2S–2P energy difference) in muonic hydrogen (µp) amounts to 2%. Apart from the uncertainty on this charge radius, theory predicts the Lamb shift with a precision on the ppm level. We are going to measure ?E (2 S1/2(F=1)–2 P3/2(F=2)) in a laser resonance experiment to a precision of 30 ppm (i.e., 10% of the natural linewidth) and to deduce the RMS proton charge radius with 10-3 relative accuracy, 20 times more precise than presently known.  The most important requirement for the feasibility of such an experiment, namely the availability of a sufficient amount of long lived metastable µp atoms in the 2S state, has been investigated in a recent experiment at PSI. Our analysis shows that in the order of one percent of all muons stopped in low pressure hydrogen gas form a long lived µp(2S) with a lifetime of the order of 1 µs.    The technical realization of our experiment involves a new high intensity low energy muon beam, an efficient low energy muon entrance detector, a randomly triggered 3 stage laser system providing the 0.5 mJ, 7 ns laser pulses at 6.02 µm wavelength, and a combination of a xenon gas proportional scintillation chamber (GPSC) and a microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) with a CsI coated surface to detect the 2 keV X rays from theµp(2P ? 1S) transition.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101267911453
Wind speed description and power density in northern Spain

Wind resources are increasingly being investigated as a clean alternative for generating energy. This paper analyses the daily wind speed recorded at 46 automatic weather stations located in Navarre, northern Spain, in 2005e2015. Key points are the surface density of stations and the range of time that ensure a faithful depiction of wind speed together with surface calculations from image analysis and correlation with height. Different statistics were used. Median wind speed at 10 m was low, about 3.3 m s 1 and its interquartile range was narrow, about 2.3 m s 1. Nearly half the surface shows a median wind speed above 3.0 m s 1. The method of moments was employed to calculate the parameters of the Weibull distribution. Around half of the surface presented a shape parameter above 2.25 and the scale
parameter was above 4 m s 1 for nearly 41% of the region. Although wind resources are not suitable for wind turbine applications in most of the region, since the wind speed is low in low-lying areas, about 12% of the region is suitable for stand-alone applications and, moreover, a substantial part of the region, around 23%, presents satisfactory wind resources for the installation of wind turbines.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and ERDF funds (project numbers CGL2009-11979 and CGL2014-53948-P
Experimental assessment of different mixing air ventilation systems on ventilation performance and exposure to exhaled contaminants in hospital rooms

Producción CientíficaThis study evaluates the convenience of the use of four different mixing ventilation configurations in individual hospital rooms (IHR) based on ventilation performance and health workers (HW) exposure to the contaminants released by a confined patient (CP). Two supply configurations: grilles in the upper part of a wall (G) and swirl ceiling diffusers (S), combined with two different exhaust grilles positions in the opposite wall: upper part (U) and lower part (D) are tested using typical IHR set up. Occupants are represented by thermal breathing manikins, CP lies on a bed while HW stands close to it. Three air renewal rates are tested to determine their influence in the studied variables, 6, 9 and 12 ACH covering the whole range of ventilation requirements of such spaces. The experimental conditions considering the thermal comfort of the occupants are taken into account. Different ventilation configurations create different air distribution patterns inside the room. G configurations lead to high HW transient exposure values while S maintain low values that decrease when ACH is increased, so this second configuration is preferred for IHRs. Results are also compared with a displacement ventilation (DV) study highlighting the convenience of this strategy for IHRs. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad , Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Spain, to the National R&D project with reference DPI2014-55357-C2-2-R , entitled “Ventilation system influence on airborne transmission of human exhaled bioaerosols. Cross infection risk evaluation”. Cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
An ecological approach to anomaly detection: the EIA Model.

The presented work proposes a new approach for anomaly\ud
 detection. This approach is based on changes in a population of evolving  agents under stress. If conditions are appropriate, changes in the population (modeled by the bioindicators) are representative of the alterations to the environment. This approach, based on an ecological view, improves functionally traditional approaches to the detection of anomalies.\ud
 To verify this assertion, experiments based on Network Intrussion Detection Systems are presented. The results are compared with the behaviour of other bioinspired approaches and machine learning techniques
Random quantum Ising chains with competing interactions

In this paper we discuss the criticality of a quantum Ising spin chain with
competing random ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings. Quantum
fluctuations are introduced via random local transverse fields. First we
consider the chain with couplings between first and second neighbors only and
then generalize the study to a quantum analog of the Viana-Bray model, defined
on a small world random lattice. We use the Dasgupta-Ma decimation technique,
both analytically and numerically, and focus on the scaling of the lattice
topology, whose determination is necessary to define any infinite disorder
transition beyond the chain. In the first case, at the transition the model
renormalizes towards the chain, with the infinite disorder fixed point
described by Fisher. This corresponds to the irrelevance of the competition
induced by the second neighbors couplings. As opposed to this case, this
infinite disorder transition is found to be unstable towards the introduction
of an arbitrary small density of long range couplings in the small world
models
One-loop renormalization factors and mixing coeffecients of bilinear
  quark operators for improved gluon and quark actions

We calculate one-loop renormalization factors and mixing coefficients of
bilinear quark operators for a class of gluon actions with six-link loops and
O(a)-improved quark action. The calculation is carried out by evaluating
on-shell Green's functions of quarks and gluons in the standard perturbation
theory. We find a general trend that finite parts of one-loop coefficients are
reduced approximately by a factor two for the renormalization-group improved
gluon actions compared with the case of the standard plaquette gluon action.Comment: LATTICE98(improvement), 3 page
Stable determination of a scattered wave from its far-field pattern: the
  high frequency asymptotics

We deal with the stability issue for the determination of outgoing
time-harmonic acoustic waves from their far-field patterns. We are especially
interested in keeping as explicit as possible the dependence of our stability
estimates on the wavenumber of the corresponding Helmholtz equation and in
understanding the high wavenumber, that is frequency, asymptotics.
  Applications include stability results for the determination from far-field
data of solutions of direct scattering problems with sound-soft obstacles and
an instability analysis for the corresponding inverse obstacle problem.
  The key tool consists of establishing precise estimates on the behavior of
Hankel functions with large argument or order.Comment: 49 page
Precision Spectroscopy at Heavy Ion Ring Accelerator SIS300

Unique spectroscopic possibilities open up if a laser beam interacts with
relativistic lithium-like ions stored in the heavy ion ring accelerator SIS300
at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR in Darmstadt,
Germany. At a relativistic factor gamma = 36 the 2P 1/2 level can be excited
from the 2S 1/2 ground state for any element with frequency doubled dye-lasers
in collinear geometry. Precise transition energy measurements can be performed
if the fluorescence photons, boosted in forward direction into the X-ray
region, are energetically analyzed with a single crystal monochromator. The
hyperfine structure can be investigated at the 2P 1/2 - 2S 1/2 transition for
all elements and at the 2P 3/2 - 2S 1/2 transition for elements with Z < 50.
Isotope shifts and nuclear moments can be measured with unprecedented
precision, in principle even for only a few stored radioactive species with
known nuclear spin. A superior relative line width in the order of 5E-7 may be
feasible after laser cooling, and even polarized external beams may be prepared
by optical pumping
A new model of fluid flow to determine pressure balance characteristics

Some projects such as the EUROMET project 463 have underlined the lack of agreement between experimental measurements and calculations by the finite element method (FEM), used to determine the piston fall rate of a high-pressure balance used in primary standards. This is significant because the piston fall rate is an essential parameter to characterize experimentally the mean gap between the piston and the cylinder and to determine the effective area (A p) at each pressure (p) point. By improving the method used to estimate the piston fall rate it is possible to improve the determination of the gap, the effective area and consequently the pressure distortion coefficient. One possible cause of the lack of agreement between the calculated and measured piston fall rates could be inappropriate modelling of the fluid flow. In fact, the former quasi-1D Stokes model assimilates the gap between the piston and the cylinder as formed by two parallel walls, which is an approximation. In addition, the velocity of the piston wall was neglected. In order to evaluate the influence of this model, the equations of the fluid flow are modified and are presented in this paper. Equations that were defined in a parallel-plane model are defined in an annular gap model. In addition to this, corrections due to the velocity of the piston wall are inserted. This research work is applied on a Desgranges et Huot DH 7594 piston-cylinder unit of PTB with a pressure up to 1 GPa, in the continuity of the EUROMET project 463 in order to quantify the influence of each correction that has been inserted in the new equations. This is carried out using the FEM. This analysis will allow us to evaluate the improvement of our knowledge of the behaviour of piston gauges and consequently to better evaluate the uncertainties due to the models.Laboratoire National d'Essais-LN
Effects of High Flavanol Dark Chocolate on Cardiovascular Function and Platelet Aggregation.

Regular consumption of chocolate and cocoa products has been linked to reduced cardiovascular mortality. This study compared the effects of high flavanol dark chocolate (HFDC; 1064mg flavanols/day for 6 weeks) and low flavanol dark chocolate (LFDC; 88mg flavanols/day for 6 weeks) on blood pressure, heart rate, vascular function and platelet aggregation in men with pre-hypertension or mild hypertension. Vascular function was assessed by pulse wave analysis using radial artery applanation tonometry in combination with inhaled salbutamol (0.4 mg) to assess changes due to endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. HFDC did not significantly reduce blood pressure compared to baseline or LFDC. Heart rate was increased by LFDC compared to baseline, but not by HFDC. Vascular responses to salbutamol tended to be greater after HFDC. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen or the thromboxane analogue U46619 was unchanged after LFDC or HFDC, whereas both chocolates reduced responses to ADP and the thrombin receptor activator peptide, SFLLRNamide (TRAP6), relative to baseline. Pre-incubation of platelets with theobromine also attenuated platelet aggregation induced by ADP or TRAP6. We conclude that consumption of HFDC confers modest improvements in cardiovascular function. Platelet aggregation is modulated by a flavanol-independent mechanism that is likely due to theobromine