pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark using data collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13TeV in 2016. The data set analyzed corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $fb^{−1}$ . Final states that include a single lepton (e, μ), multiple jets, and missing transverse momentum are analyzed. No evidence is found for the production of a W′ boson, and the production of right-handed W′ bosons is excluded at 95% confidence level for masses up to 3.6TeV depending on the scenario considered. Exclusion limits for W′ bosons are also presented as a function of their coupling strength to left- and right-handed fermions. These limits on a W′ boson decaying via a top and a bottom quark are the most stringent published to date
Shear reversal in dense suspensions : the challenge to fabric evolution models from simulation data.

Dense suspensions of hard particles are important as industrial or environmental\ud
materials (e.g. fresh concrete, food, paint or mud). To date, most constitutive models\ud
developed to describe them are, explicitly or effectively, ‘fabric evolution models’\ud
based on: (i) a stress rule connecting the macroscopic stress to a second-rank\ud
microstructural fabric tensor Q; and (ii) a closed time-evolution equation for Q.\ud
In dense suspensions, most of the stress comes from short-ranged pairwise steric\ud
or lubrication interactions at near-contacts (suitably defined), so a natural choice\ud
for Q is the deviatoric second moment of the distribution P(p) of the near-contact\ud
orientations p. Here we test directly whether a closed time-evolution equation for such\ud
a Q can exist, for the case of inertialess non-Brownian hard spheres in a Newtonian\ud
solvent. We perform extensive numerical simulations accessing high levels of detail\ud
for the evolution of P(p) under shear reversal, providing a stringent test for fabric\ud
evolution models. We consider a generic class of these models as defined by Hand (J.\ud
Fluid Mech., vol. 13, 1962, pp. 33–46) that assumes little as to the micromechanical\ud
behaviour of the suspension and is only constrained by frame indifference. Motivated\ud
by the smallness of microstructural anisotropies in the dense regime, we start with\ud
linear models in this class and successively consider those increasingly nonlinear in\ud
Q. Based on these results, we suggest that no closed fabric evolution model properly\ud
describes the dynamics of the fabric tensor under reversal. We attribute this to the\ud
fact that, while a second-rank tensor captures reasonably well the microstructure in\ud
steady flows, it gives a poor description during significant parts of the microstructural\ud
evolution following shear reversal. Specifically, the truncation of P(p) at second\ud
spherical harmonic (or second-rank tensor) level describes ellipsoidal distributions\ud
of near-contact orientations, whereas on reversal we observe distributions that are\ud
markedly four-lobed; moreover, P˙(p) has oblique axes, not collinear with those\ud
of Q in the shear plane. This structure probably precludes any adequate closure\ud
at second-rank level. Instead, our numerical data suggest that closures involving the\ud
coupled evolution of both a fabric tensor and a fourth-rank tensor might be reasonably\ud
accurate
Biological hydropersulfides and related polysulfides – a new concept and perspective in redox biology

The chemical biology of thiols (RSH, e.g., cysteine and cysteine‐containing proteins/peptides) has been a topic of extreme interest for many decades due to their reported roles in protein structure/folding, redox signaling, metal ligation, cellular protection, and enzymology. While many of the studies on thiol/sulfur biochemistry have focused on thiols, relatively ignored have been hydropersulfides (RSSH) and higher order polysulfur species (RSSnH, RSSnR, n > 1). Recent and provocative work has alluded to the prevalence and likely physiological importance of RSSH and related RSSnH. RSSH of cysteine (Cys‐SSH) has been found to be prevalent in mammalian systems along with Cys‐SSH‐containing proteins. The RSSH functionality has not been examined to the extent of other biologically relevant sulfur derivatives (e.g., sulfenic acids, disulfides, etc.), whose roles in cell signaling are strongly indicated. The recent finding of Cys‐SSH biosynthesis and translational incorporation into proteins is an unequivocal indication of its fundamental importance and necessitates a more profound look into the physiology of RSSH. In this Review, we discuss the currently reported chemical biology of RSSH (and related species) as a prelude to discussing their possible physiological roles
Clientelism and economic policy: hybrid characteristics of collective action in Greece

How does clientelism affect policy-making? Can patrons in government discard groups of clients in order to pursue reforms in conditions of crisis? The article argues that clientelism goes beyond the exchange of votes and may permeate organizations with the capacity for collective action such as labour unions. This merger gives rise to a clientelist-collective system that changes both patron–client relations and the context of collective action with important implications for the design of economic policy. As evidence from Greece shows, patrons in government are better off avoiding reforms that deprive their client groups of collective and personal benefits (clientelist bias in policy-making). Labour unions infiltrated by party clients have weak autonomy from the patron party but, operating inside the party network, they can effectively safeguard their access to club goods. Interdependent preferences and organizational linkages between the patron party and its client organizations favour collaboration and co-optation over open confrontation in policy-making processes
The development of egalitarianism, altruism, spite and parochialism in childhood and adolescence

We study how the distribution of other-regarding preferences develops with age. Based on a set of allocation choices, we classify each of 717 subjects, aged 8 to 17 years, as either egalitarian, altruistic, or spiteful. We find a strong decrease in spitefulness with increasing age. Egalitarianism becomes less frequent, and altruism much more prominent, with age. Females are more frequently classified as egalitarian than males, and less often as altruistic. By varying the allocation recipient as either an in-group or an out-group member, we also study how parochialism develops with age. Parochialism emerges significantly in the teenage years
A new interpretation of the sedimentary cover in the western Siljan Ring area, central Sweden, based on seismic data.

Two new reflection seismic profiles over the Paleozoic successions of the western part of the Siljan Ring impact structure show a contrasting seismic signature. The more southerly c. 10 km long Mora profile reveals a highly disturbed structure, with only a few kilometers of relatively horizontally layered structures observed. However, interpretations of refracted arrivals in the data, that can be correlated to reflections, indicate the Silurian clastic rocks to be about 200 m thick in the central part of the profile. Weak reflections from about 600 m depth suggest a 400 m thick Ordovician limestone sequence to be present. Cores from the area show a mainly shale lithology for the Silurian and only a thin sequence of Ordovician strata, suggesting a rapid thickening of the Ordovician towards the north. On the more northern c. 12 km Orsa profile clear reflections from the Paleozoic successions are seen along the entire profile, except on the southernmost few kilometers. Based on interpretations of refracted arrivals, the Silurian succession appears to be considerably thinner here, and possibly absent at some locations. The Ordovician is also interpreted to be thinner in this area, with a maximum thickness of about 200–300 m along most of the profile. A deeper reflection from about 2 km within the crystalline basement may represent a dolerite sill. The lack of clear basement reflections on the Mora profile can be attributed to near-surface conditions and the acquisition geometry. The seismic data and recent coring in the area suggest the presence of a deeper paleo-basin towards the southwest with significantly more shales being deposited and the Paleozoic successions being severely disturbed. The shallow coring and seismic data will help form the basis for locating future boreholes for deeper drilling to study impact processes and the Paleozoic evolution of central Sweden
Proton-counting radiography for proton therapy: a proof of principle using CMOS APS technology

Despite the early recognition of the potential of proton imaging to assist proton therapy (Cormack 1963 J. Appl. Phys. 34 2722), the modality is still removed from clinical practice, with various approaches in development. For proton-counting radiography applications such as computed tomography (CT), the water-equivalent-path-length that each proton has travelled through an imaged object must be inferred. Typically, scintillator-based technology has been used in various energy/range telescope designs. Here we propose a very different alternative of using radiation-hard CMOS active pixel sensor technology. The ability of such a sensor to resolve the passage of individual protons in a therapy beam has not been previously shown. Here, such capability is demonstrated using a 36 MeV cyclotron beam (University of Birmingham Cyclotron, Birmingham, UK) and a 200 MeV clinical radiotherapy beam (iThemba LABS, Cape Town, SA). The feasibility of tracking individual protons through multiple CMOS layers is also demonstrated using a two-layer stack of sensors. The chief advantages of this solution are the spatial discrimination of events intrinsic to pixelated sensors, combined with the potential provision of information on both the range and residual energy of a proton. The challenges in developing a practical system are discussed
Charm diffusion in a pion gas implementing unitarity, chiral and heavy
  quark symmetries

We compute the charm drag and diffusion coefficients in a hot pion gas, such
as is formed in a Heavy Ion Collision after the system cools sufficiently to
transit into the hadron phase. We fully exploit Heavy Quark Effective Theory
(with both D and D* mesons as elementary degrees of freedom during the
collision) and Chiral Perturbation Theory, and employ standard unitarization to
reach higher temperatures. We find that a certain friction and shear diffusion
coefficients are almost p-independent at fixed temperature which simplifies
phenomenological analysis. At the higher end of reliability of our calculation,
T about 150 MeV, we report a charm relaxation length of some 40 fm, in
agreement with the model estimate of He, Fries and Rapp. The momentum of a
1-GeV charm quark decreases about 50 MeV per Fermi when crossing the hadron
phase.Comment: 23 pages, 29 figure
On a Class of Riemann-Cartan Space-times of G\"odel Type

A class of Riemann-Cartan G\"odel-type space-times is examined by using the
equivalence problem techniques, as formulated by Fonseca-Neto et al. and
embodied in a suite of computer algebra programs called TCLASSI. A
coordinate-invariant description of the gravitational field for this class of
space-times is presented. It is also shown that these space-times can admit a
group $G_{r}$ of affine-isometric motions of dimensions $r=2, 4, 5$. The
necessary and sufficient conditions for space-time (ST) homogeneity of this
class of space-times are derived, extending previous works on G\"odel-type
space-times. The equivalence of space-times in the ST homogeneous subclass is
studied, recovering recent results under different premises. The results of the
limiting Riemannian case are also recovered.Comment: 21 pages, LaTex files, to appear in Gen. Rel. Grav. (1998
On average properties of inhomogeneous fluids in general relativity I:
  dust cosmologies

For general relativistic spacetimes filled with irrotational `dust' a
generalized form of Friedmann's equations for an `effective' expansion factor
$a_D (t)$ of inhomogeneous cosmologies is derived. Contrary to the standard
Friedmann equations, which hold for homogeneous-isotropic cosmologies, the new
equations include the `backreaction effect' of inhomogeneities on the average
expansion of the model. A universal relation between `backreaction' and average
scalar curvature is also given. For cosmologies whose averaged spatial scalar
curvature is proportional to $a_D^{-2}$, the expansion law governing a generic
domain can be found. However, as the general equations show, `backreaction'
acts as to produce average curvature in the course of structure formation, even
when starting with space sections that are spatially flat on average.Comment: TeX 19 pages, matches published version in G.R.
N^* electroproduction amplitudes in a model with dynamical confinement

The Roper resonance is described in a chiral version of the chromodielectric
model as a cluster of three quarks in radial-orbital configuration
(1s)$^2$(2s)$^1$, surrounded by $\pi$ and $\sigma$-meson clouds and by a
chromodielectric field which assures quark dynamical confinement. Radial
profiles for all fields are determined self-consistently for each baryon.
Transverse $A_{1/2}$ and scalar $S_{1/2}$ helicity amplitudes for the
nucleon-Roper transition are calculated. The contribution of glueball and
$\sigma$-meson vibrations is estimated; although small for N(1440), the
$\sigma$ contribution can be large for N(1710).Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, uses elsevier macro
Fluctuations of Strangeness and Deconfinement Phase Transition in
  Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

We suggest that the fluctuations of strange hadron multiplicity could be
sensitive to the equation of state and microscopic structure of strongly
interacting matter created at the early stage of high energy nucleus-nucleus
collisions. They may serve as an important tool in the study of the
deconfinement phase transition. We predict, within the statistical model of the
early stage, that the ratio of properly filtered fluctuations of strange to
non-strange hadron multiplicities should have a non-monotonic energy dependence
with a minimum in the mixed phase region.Comment: revised version to be published in Phys. Lett.
Flavour-singlet g_A and the QCD sum rule incorporating instanton effects

We derive a QCD sum rule for the flavour-singlet axial coupling constant
$g_A^{(0)}$ from a two point correlation function of flavour-singlet axial
vector currents in a one-nucleon state. In evaluating the correlation function
by an operator product expansion we take into account the terms up to dimension
6. This correlation function receives an additional two-loop diagram which
comes from an (anti-)instanton. If we do not include it, $g_A^{(0)}$ is
estimated to be 0.8. However, the additional diagram due to instantons
contributes negatively and reduces $g_A^{(0)}$ towards the experimental value.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
Catching the Radio Flare in CTA 102 III. Core-Shift and Spectral
  Analysis

The temporal and spatial spectral evolution of the jets of AGN can be studied
with multi-frequency, multi-epoch VLBI observations. The combination of both,
morphological and spectral parameters can be used to derive source intrinsic
physical properties such as the magnetic field and the non-thermal particle
density. In the first two papers of this series, we analyzed the single-dish
light curves and the VLBI kinematics of the blazar CTA 102 and suggested a
shock-shock interaction between a traveling and a standing shock wave as a
possible scenario to explain the observed evolution of the component associated
to the 2006 flare. In this paper we investigate the core-shift and spectral
evolution to test our hypothesis of a shock-shock interaction. We used 8
multi-frequency VLBA observations to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution
of the spectral parameters during the flare. We observed CTA 102 between May
2005 and April 2007 using the VLBA at six different frequencies spanning from 2
- 86 GHz. After the calibrated VLBA images were corrected for opacity, we
performed a detailed spectral analysis. From the derived values we estimated
the magnetic field and the density of the relativistic particles. The detailed
analysis of the opacity shift reveals that the position of the jet core is
proportional to nu^-1 with some temporal variations. The value suggests
possible equipartition between magnetic field energy and particle kinetic
energy densities at the most compact regions. From the variation of the
physical parameters we deduced that the 2006 flare in CTA 102 is connected to
the ejection of a new traveling feature (t=2005.9) and the interaction between
this shock wave and a stationary structure around 0.1 mas from the core. The
source kinematics together with the spectral and structural variations can be
described by helical motions in an over-pressured jet.Comment: 35 pages, 46 figure
Lifshitz and Schrodinger Vacua, Superstar Resolution in Gauged Maximal
  Supergravities

We consider the subset of gauged maximal supergravities that consists of the
SO(n+1) gauge fields A^{ij} and the scalar deformation T^{ij} of the S^n in the
spherical reduction of M-theory or type IIB. We focus on the Abelian Cartan
subgroup and the diagonal entries of T^{ij}. The resulting theories can be
viewed as the STU models with additional hyperscalars. We find that the
theories with only one or two such vectors can be generalized naturally to
arbitrary dimensions. The same is true for the D=4 or 5 Einstein-Maxwell theory
with such a hyperscalar. The gauge fields become massive, determined by
stationary points of the hyperscalars a la the analogous Abelian Higgs
mechanism. We obtain classes of Lifshitz and Schrodinger vacua in these
theories. The scaling exponent z turns out to be rather restricted, taking
fractional or irrational numbers. Tweaking the theories by relaxing the mass
parameter or making a small change of the superpotential, we find that
solutions with z=2 can emerge. In a different application, we find that the
resolution of superstar singularity in the STU models by using bubbling-AdS
solitons can be generalized to arbitrary dimensions in our theories. In
particular, we obtain the smooth AdS solitons that can be viewed as the
resolution of the Reissner-Nordstrom superstars in general dimensions.Comment: Latex, 24 page
Pulsating red giant stars in eccentric binary systems discovered from
  Kepler space-based photometry

The unparalleled photometric data obtained by NASA's Kepler space telescope
led to an improved understanding of red giant stars and binary stars.
Seismology allows us to constrain the properties of red giants. In addition to
eclipsing binaries, eccentric non-eclipsing binaries, exhibiting ellipsoidal
modulations, have been detected with Kepler. We aim to study the properties of
eccentric binary systems containing a red giant star and derive the parameters
of the primary giant component. We apply asteroseismic techniques to determine
masses and radii of the primary component of each system. For a selected
target, light and radial velocity curve modelling techniques are applied to
extract the parameters of the system. The effects of stellar on the binary
system are studied. The paper presents the asteroseismic analysis of 18
pulsating red giants in eccentric binary systems, for which masses and radii
were constrained. The orbital periods of these systems range from 20 to
440days. From radial velocity measurements we find eccentricities between e=0.2
to 0.76. As a case study we present a detailed analysis of KIC5006817. From
seismology we constrain the rotational period of the envelope to be at least
165 d, roughly twice the orbital period. The stellar core rotates 13 times
faster than the surface. From the spectrum and radial velocities we expect that
the Doppler beaming signal should have a maximum amplitude of 300ppm in the
light curve. Through binary modelling, we determine the mass of the secondary
component to be 0.29$\pm$0.03\,$M_\odot$. For KIC5006817 we exclude
pseudo-synchronous rotation of the red giant with the orbit. The comparison of
the results from seismology and modelling of the light curve shows a possible
alignment of the rotational and orbital axis at the 2$\sigma$ level. Red giant
eccentric systems could be progenitors of cataclysmic variables and hot
subdwarf B stars.Comment: 18 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy &
  Astrophysic
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to di-photon production in
  association with up to three jets at the Large Hadron Collider

We present the computation of next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to
di-photon production in association with two or three hard jets in pp
collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The inclusion of NLO
corrections is shown to substantially reduce the theoretical uncertainties
estimated from scale variations on total cross section predictions. We study a
range of differential distributions relevant for phenomenological studies of
photon pair production in association with jets at the LHC. Using an efficient
computational set-up we performed a detailed study of uncertainties due to
parton distribution functions. The computation of the virtual corrections is
performed using new features of the C++ library NJET.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures. version 2: references adde
Baryogenesis and Asymmetric Dark Matter from The Left-Right Mirror
  Symmetric Model

The paper suggests a left-right mirror symmetric model to account for the
baryogenesis and asymmetric dark matter. The model can simultaneously
accommodate the standard model, neutrino physics, matter-antimatter asymmetry
and dark matter. In particular, it naturally and elegantly explains the origin
of the baryon and dark matter asymmetries, and clearly gives the close
interrelations of them. In addition, the model predicts a number of interesting
results, e.g. the cold dark matter neutrino mass is $3.1$ times the proton
mass. It is also feasible and promising to test the model in future
experiments.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1309.195
An Analysis of B_s Decays in the Left-Right-Symmetric Model with
  Spontaneous CP Violation

Non-leptonic B_s decays into CP eigenstates that are caused by \bar b -> \bar
cc\bar s quark-level transitions, such as B_s -> D_s^+D^-_s, J/psi eta^(') or
J/psi phi, provide a powerful tool to search for ``new physics'', as the
CP-violating effects in these modes are tiny in the Standard Model. We explore
these effects for a particular scenario of new physics, the
left-right-symmetric model with spontaneous CP violation. In our analysis, we
take into account all presently available experimental constraints on the
parameters of this model, i.e. those implied by K- and B-decay observables; we
find that CP asymmetries as large as O(40%) may arise in the B_s channels,
whereas the left-right-symmetric model favours a small CP asymmetry in the
``gold-plated'' mode B_d -> J/psi K_S. Such a pattern would be in favour of
B-physics experiments at hadron machines, where the B_s modes are very
accessible.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
Strings, Branes and Extra Dimensions

This review is devoted to strings and branes. Firstly, perturbative string
theory is introduced. The appearance of various types of branes is discussed.
These include orbifold fixed planes, D-branes and orientifold planes. The
connection to BPS vacua of supergravity is presented afterwards. As
applications, we outline the role of branes in string dualities, field theory
dualities, the AdS/CFT correspondence and scenarios where the string scale is
at a TeV. Some issues of warped compactifications are also addressed. These
comprise corrections to gravitational interactions as well as the cosmological
constant problem.Comment: 238 pages, latex (latex master.tex), references adde