pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Biogeographic provincialism in rodent faunas from the Iberoccitanian Region\ud
(southwestern Europe) generates severe diachrony within the Mammalian Neogene\ud
(MN) biochronologic scale during the Late Miocene

In order to develop paleoecological studies involving many fossil sites, there is a need to establish a consistent\ud
time framework, which enables us to arrange the fossil associations according to a sequence of biotic events\ud
and subsequently to test a relationship with paleoenvironmental changes. The nature of the continental fossil\ud
record has given rise to much controversy with regard to the establishment of general biostratigraphical\ud
scales. Additionally, biochronological scales are sometimes all that can be proposed. The primary goal of the\ud
present paper is to present a time arrangement for the Iberoccitanian micromammalian fossil sites from the\ud
latest Middle Miocene to the Mio–Pliocene boundary, spanning around 7 million years (approximately 12.61–\ud
4.95 Ma). Herein we study over one hundred faunal lists of rodents from the Iberoccitanian Region, compiled\ud
from the literature. Previous research has described two biogeographical provinces in our study area: a\ud
northern one (Vallès–Penedès and southeast France) and a southern one (all the Iberian basins, except the\ud
Vallès–Penedès). We therefore conducted Alroy's Maximum Likelihood Appearance Event Ordination (ML\ud
AEO) methodology, applying it to the database compiled for each province. Finally, using available numerical\ud
dates for a quarter of the sites, we obtained a calibrated ordination for all localities. In each analysis, the results\ud
obtained are roughly coherent with the Mammalian Neogene units (MN) and allow estimation of the\ud
numerical ages for the entire set of fossil sites included in the study. Nevertheless, our results show severe\ud
diachrony between the two biogeographic provinces of the Iberoccitanian Region in relation to the MN\ud
boundaries, which might be linked to the existence of a refuge area associated with more humid\ud
environments in the northern province
Fitting Smooth Paths on Riemannian Manifolds: Endometrial Surface Reconstruction and Preoperative MRI-Based Navigation

We present a new method to fit smooth paths to a given set of points on Riemannian manifolds using C 1 piecewise-B ́ezier func- tions. A property of the method is that, when the manifold reduces to a Euclidean space, the control points minimize the mean square accelera- tion of the path. As an application, we focus on data observations that evolve on certain nonlinear manifolds of importance in medical imag- ing: the shape manifold for endometrial surface reconstruction; the spe- cial orthogonal group SO(3) and the special Euclidean group SE(3) for preoperative MRI-based navigation. Results on real data show that our method succeeds in meeting the clinical goal: combining different modal- ities to improve the localization of the endometrial lesions
Evidence for a narrow resonance at 1530 MeV/c2 in the K0 p - System of  the reaction pp -> S+ K0 p from the COSY-TOF experiment

The hadronic reaction pp --> Sigma(+)K(0)p was measured exclusively at a beam momentum of 2.95 GeV/c using the TOF detector at the COSY storage ring. A narrow peak was observed in the invariant mass spectrum of the K(0)p-subsystem at 1530 +/- 5 MeV/c(2) with a significance of 4-6 standard deviations, depending on background assumptions. The upper limit of 18 +/- 4 MeV/c(2) (FWHM) for its width is given by the experimental resolution. The corresponding total cross section is estimated to be about 0.4 +/- 0.1 (stat) 0.1 (syst) mub. Since a resonance in this subsystem must have strangeness S = + I we claim it to be the Theta(+) state for which very recently evidence was found in various experiments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
First measurement of the helicity asymmetry E in η photoproduction on the proton

Results are presented for the first measurement of the double-polarization helicity asymmetry E for the η   photoproduction reaction γp→ηpγp→ηp. Data were obtained using the FROzen Spin Target (FROST) with the CLAS spectrometer in Hall B at Jefferson Lab, covering a range of center-of-mass energy W   from threshold to 2.15 GeV and a large range in center-of-mass polar angle. As an initial application of these data, the results have been incorporated into the Jülich–Bonn model to examine the case for the existence of a narrow N⁎N⁎ resonance between 1.66 and 1.70 GeV. The addition of these data to the world database results in marked changes in the predictions for the E observable from that model. Further comparison with several theoretical approaches indicates these data will significantly enhance our understanding of nucleon resonances
Using U spin to extract γ from charmless B → PPP decays

Some years ago, a method was proposed for measuring the CP-violating phase γ using pairs of two-body decays that are related by U-spin reflection ( d ↔ s ). In this paper we adapt this method to charmless B → PPP decays. Time-dependent Dalitz-plot analyses of these three-body decays are required for the measurement of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries. However, isobar analyses of the decay amplitudes are not necessary. A potential advantage of using three-body decays is that the effects of U-spin breaking may be reduced by averaging over the Dalitz plot. This can be tested independently using the measurements of direct CP asymmetries and branching ratios in three-body charged B decays
One-loop β -function for an infinite-parameter family of gauge theories

We continue to study an infinite-parametric family of gauge theories with an arbitrary function of the self-dual part of the field strength as the Lagrangian. The arising one-loop divergences are computed using the background field method. We show that they can all be absorbed by a local redefinition of the gauge field, as well as multiplicative renormalisations of the couplings. Thus, this family of theories is one-loop renormalisable. The infinite set of β -functions for the couplings is compactly stored in a renormalisation group flow for a single function of the curvature. The flow is obtained explicitly
Melt-Quenched Glasses of Metal−Organic Frameworks

Crystalline solids dominate the field of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), with access to the liquid and glass states of matter usually prohibited by relatively low temperatures of thermal decomposition. In this work, we give due consideration to framework chemistry and topology to expand the phenomenon of the melting of 3D MOFs, linking crystal chemistry to framework melting temperature and kinetic fragility of the glass-forming liquids. Here we show that melting temperatures can be lowered by altering the chemistry of the crystalline MOF state, which provides a route to facilitate the melting of other MOFs. The glasses formed upon vitrification are chemically and structurally distinct from the three other existing categories of melt-quenched glasses (inorganic nonmetallic, organic, and metallic), and retain the basic metal−ligand connectivity of crystalline MOFs, which connects their mechanical properties to their starting chemical composition. The transfer of functionality from crystal to glass points toward new routes to tunable, functional hybrid glasses.T.D.B. would like to thank Trinity Hall (University of Cambridge) for funding. We thank Diamond Light Source for access to beamline B18 (SP14249-1) that contributed to the results presented here. We thank Dr. Giannantonio Cibin and Dr. Stephen Parry for their assistance with the EXAFS measurements. F.B. thanks EPSRC (grant EP/M00869X/1) and the University of Liverpool for funding. O.K.F. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Army Research Office (project number W911NF-13-1-0229). S.A.T.R. is grateful for funding from the Natural Environment Research Council.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the American Chemical Society via https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b1322
Secreted Ephrin Receptor A7 Promotes Somatic Cell Reprogramming by Inducing ERK Activity Reduction.

The role of secreted molecules in cellular reprogramming has been poorly understood. Here we identify a truncated form of ephrin receptor A7 (EPHA7) as a key regulator of reprogramming. Truncated EPHA7 is prominently upregulated and secreted during reprogramming. EPHA7 expression is directly regulated by OCT3/4. EphA7 knockdown results in marked reduction of reprogramming efficiency, and the addition of truncated EPHA7 is able to restore it. ERK activity is markedly reduced during reprogramming, and the secreted, truncated EPHA7 is responsible for ERK activity reduction. Remarkably, treatment of EphA7-knockdown MEFs with the ERK pathway inhibitor restores reprogramming efficiency. Analyses show that truncated EPHA7-induced ERK activity reduction plays an important role in the middle phase of reprogramming. Thus, our findings uncover the importance of secreted EPHA7-induced ERK activity reduction in reprogramming
On deformation sources in volcanic areas: modeling the Campi Flegrei (Italy) 1982-84 unrest

Deformation sources in volcanic areas are generally modeled in terms of pressurized
tri-axial ellipsoids or other cavities with simple geometrical shapes embedded
in homogeneous half-spaces. However, the assumption of a particular source
mechanism and the neglect of medium heterogeneities bias significantly the estimate
of source parameters. Leveling and EDM data, collected during the 1982-84
unrest episode at Campi Flegrei (Italy), are employed to retrieve source parameters
according to a Bayesian inversion procedure, considering the heterogeneous
elastic structure of the volcanic area. We describe a general deformation source
in terms of a suitable moment tensor, through 3D finite element computations.
Best fitting moment tensors are found to be incompatible with any pressurized
ellipsoid. Taking into account the deflation of a deeper magma reservoir, which
accompanies the inflation of the shallower moment source, data fit improves considerably
but the retrieved moment tensor of the shallow source is found to be
incompatible with pressurized ellipsoids, still. Looking for alternative physical models of the deformation source, we find that the best fit moment tensor can be
best interpreted in terms of a mixed-mode (shear and tensile) dislocation at 5.5
km depth, striking EW and dipping by   30  to the North. Gravity changes are
found to be compatible with the intrusion of  60·106 m3 of volatile rich magma
with density 2000 kg/m3
Active O,Npy,N-Titanium(IV) Fluoride Pre-Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization; Exploring “Fluoride Effects” on Polymer Properties and Catalytic Performance

The file associated with this record is under a 12-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above.Three examples of discrete six-coordinate O,Npy,N-bearing titanium(IV) trifluoride complexes, [{2-(C5H4N)-6-(CMe2O)C5H3N}TiF3] (1), [{2-(C6H4-2′-O),6-(CMe═N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3))C5H3N}TiF3] (2a), and [{2-(3-C12H8-2-O)-6-(CMe═N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3))C5H3N}TiF3] (3a), were prepared using a one-step HF elimination protocol from cis-[(THF)2TiF4] and the corresponding pincer ligand precursor (HL1, HL2H, and HL2Ph). A mer configuration of the three fluoride ligands is adopted in their solid-state structures, which is mirrored in solution, as shown by mutual two-bond F–F coupling in their 19F{1H} NMR spectra. For purposes of comparison, the chloride counterparts of 2a and 3a, [{2-(C6H4-2′-O),6-(CMe═N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3)C5H3N}TiCl3] (2b) and [{2-(3-C12H8-2-O)-6-(CMe═N(2,6-i-Pr2C6H3))C5H3N}TiCl3] (3b), are also reported. On treatment with excess MAO, 1 is scarcely active in ethylene polymerization, 2a is more active, and the most sterically protected system, 3a, represents the most active nonmetallocene metal-fluoride precatalyst reported to date (340 g mmol–1 h–1 bar–1) and produces ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Similar structure–activity correlations are displayed for chloride-containing 2b and 3b, but, in general, they are significantly more active than their fluoride counterparts, with 3b being the most productive of the series (990 g mmol–1 h–1 bar–1). Using fluoride rather than chloride in the precatalyst has a marked effect on not only the molecular weight but also the molecular weight distribution, with broad dispersities (Đ) being a feature of the polymers obtained from 2a and 3a, whereas those for chloride-containing 2b and 3b are appreciably narrower. Single-crystal X-ray structures are reported for 1, 2a, 2b, and 3a.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
An atomic finite element model for biodegradable polymers. Part 2. A model for change in Young's modulus due to polymer chain scission

The file associated with this record is under a 24-month embargo from publication in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above.Atomic simulations were undertaken to analyse the effect of polymer chain scission on amorphous poly(lactide) during degradation. Many experimental studies have analysed mechanical properties degradation but relatively few computation studies have been conducted. Such studies are valuable for supporting the design of bioresorbable medical devices. Hence in this paper, an Effective Cavity Theory for the degradation of Young's modulus was developed. Atomic simulations indicated that a volume of reduced-stiffness polymer may exist around chain scissions. In the Effective Cavity Theory, each chain scission is considered to instantiate an effective cavity. Finite Element Analysis simulations were conducted to model the effect of the cavities on Young's modulus. Since polymer crystallinity affects mechanical properties, the effect of increases in crystallinity during degradation on Young's modulus is also considered. To demonstrate the ability of the Effective Cavity Theory, it was fitted to several sets of experimental data for Young's modulus in the literature.Andrew Gleadall acknowledges an EPSRC PhD studentship and a partial PhD studentship from the University of Leicester.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Measurements and analysis of cavitation in a pressure reducing valve during operation – a case study

This paper proposes a methodology and presents its practical application for evaluating whether a pressure reducing valve (PRV) is under cavitation during its operation in a water distribution system. The approach is based on collecting measurements over a\ud
24-hour period such that high demand and low demand times are included. The ollected measurements allow evaluation of four indicators related to cavitation, namely the draulic cavitation index, noise generated by the valve, acoustic cavitation index and the spectra of the noise. These four indicators provide sufficient information for diagnosis of cavitation with high certainty
Is it pleasure or health from leisure that we benefit from most? An analysis of well-being alternatives and implications for policy.

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0887-8International policy now constantly advocates a need for populations to engage in more physical activity to promote health and to reduce society’s health care costs. Such policy has developed guidelines on recommended levels and intensity of physical activity and implicitly equates health with well-being. It is assumed that individual, and hence social welfare will be enhanced if the activity guidelines are met. This paper challenges that claim and raises questions for public policy priorities. Using an instrumental variable analysis to value the well-being from active leisure, it is shown that the well-being experienced from active leisure that is not of a recommended intensity to generate health benefits, perhaps due to its social, recreational or fun purpose, has a higher value of well-being than active leisure that does meet the guidelines. This suggests rethinking the motivation and foundation of existing policy and perhaps a realignment of priorities towards activity that has a greater contribution to social welfare through its intrinsic fun and possibly social interaction
"Femtosecond laser ablation of cadmium tungstate for scintillator arrays "

Ultrafast pulsed laser ablation has been investigated as a technique to machine CdWO4 single crystal scintillator and segment it into small blocks with the aim of fabricating a 2D high energy X-ray imaging array. Cadmium tungstate (CdWO4) is a brittle transparent scintillator used for the detection of high energy X-rays and γ-rays. A 6 W Yb:KGW Pharos-SP pulsed laser of wavelength 1028 nm was used with a tuneable pulse duration of 10 ps to 190 fs, repetition rate of up to 600 kHz and pulse energies of up to 1 mJ was employed. The effect of varying the pulse duration, pulse energy, pulse overlap and scan pattern on the laser induced damage to the crystals was investigated. A pulse duration of ≥500 fs was found to induce substantial cracking in the material. The laser induced damage was minimised using the following operating parameters: a pulse duration of 190 fs, fluence of 15.3 J cm−2 and employing a serpentine scan pattern with a normalised pulse overlap of 0.8. The surface of the ablated surfaces was studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ablation products were found to contain cadmium tungstate together with different cadmium and tungsten oxides. These laser ablation products could be removed using an ammonium hydroxide treatment
A computational method for the coupled solution of reaction-diffusion equations on evolving domains and manifolds : application to a model of cell migration and chemotaxis

In this paper, we devise a moving mesh finite element method for the approximate solution of coupled bulk-surface reaction-diffusion equations on an evolving two dimensional domain. Fundamental to the success of the method is the robust generation of bulk and surface meshes. For this purpose, we use a novel moving mesh partial differential equation (MMPDE) approach. The developed method is applied to model problems with known analytical solutions; these experiments indicate second-order spatial and temporal accuracy. Coupled bulk-surface problems occur frequently in many areas; in particular, in the modelling of eukaryotic cell migration and chemotaxis. We apply the method to a model of the two-way interaction of a migrating cell in a chemotactic field, where the bulk region corresponds to the extracellular region and the surface to the cell membrane
Transverse momentum dependence of D-meson production in Pb-Pb collisions
  at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76$ TeV

The production of prompt charmed mesons D$^0$, D$^+$ and D$^{*+}$, and their
antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the
centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair, $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, of 2.76 TeV. The
production yields for rapidity $|y|<0.5$ are presented as a function of
transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, in the interval 1-36 GeV/$c$ for the
centrality class 0-10% and in the interval 1-16 GeV/$c$ for the centrality
class 30-50%. The nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$ was computed using a
proton-proton reference at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV, based on measurements at
$\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and on theoretical calculations. A maximum suppression by a
factor of 5-6 with respect to binary-scaled pp yields is observed for the most
central collisions at $p_{\rm T}$ of about 10 GeV/$c$. A suppression by a
factor of about 2-3 persists at the highest $p_{\rm T}$ covered by the
measurements. At low $p_{\rm T}$ (1-3 GeV/$c$), the $R_{\rm AA}$ has large
uncertainties that span the range 0.35 (factor of about 3 suppression) to 1 (no
suppression). In all $p_{\rm T}$ intervals, the $R_{\rm AA}$ is larger in the
30-50% centrality class compared to central collisions. The D-meson $R_{\rm
AA}$ is also compared with that of charged pions and, at large $p_{\rm T}$,
charged hadrons, and with model calculations.Comment: 37 pages, 13 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 32,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/186
A staggered space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for the
  three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured
  tetrahedral meshes

In this paper we propose a novel arbitrary high order accurate semi-implicit
space-time DG method for the solution of the three-dimensional incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations on staggered unstructured curved tetrahedral meshes. As
typical for space-time DG schemes, the discrete solution is represented in
terms of space-time basis functions. This allows to achieve very high order of
accuracy also in time, which is not easy to obtain for the incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations. Similar to staggered finite difference schemes, in our
approach the discrete pressure is defined on the primary tetrahedral grid,
while the discrete velocity is defined on a face-based staggered dual grid. A
very simple and efficient Picard iteration is used in order to derive a
space-time pressure correction algorithm that achieves also high order of
accuracy in time and that avoids the direct solution of global nonlinear
systems. Formal substitution of the discrete momentum equation on the dual grid
into the discrete continuity equation on the primary grid yields a very sparse
five-point block system for the scalar pressure, which is conveniently solved
with a matrix-free GMRES algorithm. From numerical experiments we find that the
linear system seems to be reasonably well conditioned, since all simulations
shown in this paper could be run without the use of any preconditioner. For a
piecewise constant polynomial approximation in time and proper boundary
conditions, the resulting system is symmetric and positive definite. This
allows us to use even faster iterative solvers, like the conjugate gradient
method. The proposed method is verified for approximation polynomials of degree
up to four in space and time by solving a series of typical 3D test problems
and by comparing the obtained numerical results with available exact analytical
solutions, or with other numerical or experimental reference data
Radiative Breaking of the Minimal Supersymmetric Left-Right Model

We study a variation to the SUSY Left-Right symmetric model based on the
gauge group $SU(3)_c\times SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{BL}$. Beyond the
quark and lepton superfields we only introduce a second Higgs bidoublet to
produce realistic fermion mass matrices. This model does not include any
$SU(2)_R$ triplets. We calculate renormalization group evolutions of soft SUSY
parameters at the one-loop level down to low energy. We find that an $SU(2)_R$
slepton doublet acquires a negative mass squared at low energies, so that the
breaking of $SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{BL}\rightarrow U(1)_Y$ is realized by a
non-zero vacuum expectation value of a right-handed sneutrino. Small neutrino
masses are produced through neutrino mixings with gauginos. Mass limits on the
$SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{BL}$ sector are obtained by direct search results at the
LHC as well as lepton-gaugino mixing bounds from the LEP precision data.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur