pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Discovery of TeV y–ray emission from PKS 0447–439 and derivation of an upper limit on its redshift

Very high-energy γ-ray emission from PKS 0447−439 was detected with the H.E.S.S. Cherenkov telescope array in December 2009. This blazar is one of the brightest extragalactic objects in the Fermi bright source list and has a hard spectrum in the MeV to GeV range. In the TeV range, a photon index of 3.89 ± 0.37 (stat) ±0.22 (sys) and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV, Φ1 TeV = (3.5 ± 1.1(stat) ± 0.9(sys)) × 10−13 cm−2 s−1 TeV−1 were found. The detection with H.E.S.S. triggered observations in the X-ray band with the Swift and RXTE telescopes. Simultaneous UV and optical data from Swift UVOT and data from the optical telescopes ATOM and ROTSE are also available. The spectrum and light curve measured
with H.E.S.S. are presented and compared to the multi-wavelength data at lower energies. A rapid flare is seen in the Swift XRT and RXTE data, together with a flux variation in the UV band, at a time scale of the order of one day. A firm upper limit of z < 0.59 on the redshift of PKS 0447−439 is derived from the combined Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. data, given the assumptions that there is no upturn in the intrinsic spectrum above the Fermi-LAT energy range and that absorption on the extragalactic background light (EBL) is not weaker than the lower limit provided by current models. The spectral energy distribution is well described by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton scenario, if the redshift of the source is less than z _ 0.4..http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_toc&url=/articles/aa/abs/2013/04/contents/contents.htmlhttp://www.aanda.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20132110
Long-term TeV and X-ray observations of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057.

HESS J0632+057 is the only gamma-ray binary known so far whose position in the sky allows observations with ground-based observatories in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Here we report on long-term observations of HESS J0632+057 conducted with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System and High Energy Stereoscopic System Cherenkov telescopes and the X-ray satellite Swift, spanning a time range from 2004 to 2012 and covering most of the system's orbit. The very-high-energy (VHE) emission is found to be variable and is correlated with that at X-ray energies. An orbital period of $315 ^{+6}_{-4}$ days is derived from the X-ray data set, which is compatible with previous results, P = (321 ± 5) days. The VHE light curve shows a distinct maximum at orbital phases close to 0.3, or about 100 days after periastron passage, which coincides with the periodic enhancement of the X-ray emission. Furthermore, the analysis of the TeV data shows for the first time a statistically significant (>6.5σ) detection at orbital phases 0.6-0.9. The obtained gamma-ray and X-ray light curves and the correlation of the source emission at these two energy bands are discussed in the context of the recent ephemeris obtained for the system. Our results are compared to those reported for other gamma-ray binaries
Strategy development : driving improvisation in Malaysia.

Improvisation is vital for strategy development, but there remains a lack of understanding about this phenomenon. This emerges directly from the insufficient investigation of its drivers and context. This paper extends improvisation research to the unexplored competitive settings of an emerging middle-income economy. Drawing on survey data from Malaysian research-intensive firms, we examine managerial and organisational antecedents of improvisation under turbulence. Findings reveal that organisational risk-taking and manager expertise are common antecedents of improvisation, but additional relationships arise under high (flexibility) and low turbulence (learning, manager tenure), developing capacity to inform practice, which is critically lacking in international business and management theor
How do symbolic and non-symbolic numerical magnitude processing skills relate to individual differences in children's mathematical skills? A review of evidence from brain and behavior

“NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Trends in Neuroscience and Education. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 2 (2), 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2013.06.001Many studies tested the association between numerical magnitude processing and mathematics achievement, but results differ depending on the number format used. For symbolic numbers (digits), data are consistent and robust across studies and populations: weak performance correlates with low math achievement and dyscalculia. For non-symbolic formats (dots), many conflicting findings have been reported. These inconsistencies might be explained by methodological issues. Alternatively, it might be that the processes measured by non-symbolic tasks are not critical for school-relevant mathematics. A few neuroimaging studies revealed that brain activation during number comparison correlates with children's mathematics achievement level, but the consistency of such relationships for symbolic and non-symbolic processing is unclear. These neurocognitive data provided ground for educational interventions, which seem to have positive effects on children's numerical development in (a)typical populations
A 'design for energy minimization' approach to reduce energy consumption during the manufacturing phase

This is an open access article published by Elsevier and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons, CC BY-NC-ND\ud
license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).The combustion of fossil fuels for energy generation has contributed considerably to the effects of climate change. In order to reduce fossil fuel consumption, designers are increasingly seeking to reduce the energy consumption of products over their life cycle. To achieve a significant reduction in energy consumption, it is essential that energy considerations are incorporated within the design phase of a product, since the majority a product's environmental impact is determined during this phase. This work proposes a new ‘Design for Energy Minimization’ (DfEM) approach, which is intended to provide increased transparency with respect to the energy consumed during manufacture in order to help inform design decisions. An energy simulation model based on this approach is then presented to aid designers during the design phase. The application of this novel design tool is demonstrated in two cases: That of a simple product (designed by a single Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) through a centralized approach); and a complex product (designed by a number of designers within a supply chain using a distributed approach). The subsequent benefits to energy minimization are then discussed and conclusions drawn
New models for describing outliers in meta-analysis

An unobserved random effect is often used to describe the between-study variation that is apparent in\ud
meta-analysis datasets. A normally distributed random effect is conventionally used for this purpose. When\ud
outliers or other unusual estimates are included in the analysis, the use of alternative random effect\ud
distributions has previously been proposed. Instead of adopting the usual hierarchical approach to\ud
modelling between-study variation, and so directly modelling the study specific true underling effects,\ud
we propose two new marginal distributions for modelling heterogeneous datasets. These two distributions\ud
are suggested because numerical integration is not needed to evaluate the likelihood. This makes the\ud
computation required when fitting our models much more robust. The properties of the new distributions\ud
are described, and the methodology is exemplified by fitting models to four datasets
A Generalized Empirical Interpolation Method: application of reduced
  basis techniques to data assimilation

This paper introduces a generalization of the empirical interpolation method
(EIM) and the reduced basis method (RBM) in order to allow their combination
with data mining and data assimilation. The purpose is to be able to derive
sound information from data and reconstruct information, possibly taking into
account noise in the acquisition, that can serve as an input to models
expressed by partial differential equations. The approach combines data
acquisition (with noise) with domain decomposition techniques and reduced basis
approximations.Comment: in Analysis and Numerics of Partial Differential Equations, Springer
  INdAM Series, volume 4, p. 221--235, 201
Broadband Angular Selectivity of Light at the Nanoscale: Progress,
  Applications and Outlook

Humankind has long endeavored to control the propagation direction of light.
Since time immemorial, shades, lenses and mirrors have been used to control the
flow of light. In modern society, with the rapid development of nanotechnology,
the control of light is moving toward devices at micrometer and even nanometer
scales. At such scales, traditional devices based on geometrical optics reach
their fundamental direction limits and cease to work. Nano photonics, on the
other hand, has attracted wide attention from researchers, especially in the
last decade, due to its ability to manipulate light at the nanoscale. This
review focuses on the nano photonics systems that aim to select light based on
its propagation direction. In the first half of this review, we survey the
literature and the current state of the art focused on enabling optical
broadband angular selectivity. The mechanisms we review can be classified into
three main categories: (i) microscale geometrical optics, (ii) multilayer
birefringent materials and (iii) Brewster modes in plasmonic systems, photonic
crystals and metamaterials. In the second half, we present two categories of
potential applications for broadband angularly selective systems. The first
category aims at enhancing the efficiency of solar energy harvesting, through
photovoltaic process or solar thermal process. The second category aims at
enhancing light extracting efficiency and detection sensitivity. Finally, we
discuss the most prominent challenges in broadband angular selectivity and some
prospects on how to solve these challenges.Comment: 14 page, 11 figure
A model for the polarization of the high-energy radiation from accreting
  black holes: the case of XTE J1118+480

The high-energy emission ($400$ keV $- 2$ MeV) of Cygnus X-1 --the most
well-studied Galactic black hole-- was recently found to be strongly polarized.
The origin of this radiation is still unknown. In this work, we suggest that it
is the result of non-thermal processes in the hot corona around the accreting
compact object, and study the polarization of high-energy radiation expected
for black hole binaries. Two contributions to the total magnetic field are
taken into account in our study, a small scale random component related to the
corona, and an ordered magnetic field associated with the accretion disk. The
degree of polarization of gamma-ray emission for this particular geometry is
estimated, as well as the angle of the polarization vector. We obtain that the
corona+disk configuration studied in this work can account for the high degree
of polarization of gamma-rays detected in galactic black holes without the need
of a relativistic jet; specific predictions are made for sources in a low-hard
state. In particular, the model is applied to the transient source \xtee; we
show that if a new outburst of \xte is observed, then its gamma-ray
polarization should be measurable by future instruments, such as ASTRO-H or the
proposed ASTROGAM.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&
On neutron stars in f(R) theories: small radii, large masses and large
  energy emitted in a merger

In the context of f(R) gravity theories, we show that the apparent mass of a
neutron star as seen from an observer at infinity is numerically calculable but
requires careful matching, first at the star's edge, between interior and
exterior solutions, none of them being totally Schwarzschild-like but
presenting instead small oscillations of the curvature scalar R; and second at
large radii, where the Newtonian potential is used to identify the mass of the
neutron star. We find that for the same equation of state, this mass definition
is always larger than its general relativistic counterpart. We exemplify this
with quadratic $R^2$ and Hu-Sawicki-like modifications of the standard General
Relativity action. Therefore, the finding of two-solar mass neutron stars
basically imposes no constraint on stable f(R) theories. However, star radii
are in general smaller than in General Relativity, which can give an
observational handle on such classes of models at the astrophysical level. Both
larger masses and smaller matter radii are due to much of the apparent
effective energy residing in the outer metric for scalar-tensor theories.
Finally, because the f(R) neutron star masses can be much larger than General
Relativity counterparts, the total energy available for radiating gravitational
waves could be of order several solar masses, and thus a merger of these stars
constitutes an interesting wave source.Comment: 19 pages, 23 plots. Irrelevant paragraph delete
The protoplanetary disks in the nearby massive star-forming region cygnus OB2

This is the final version of the article. Available from the American Astronomical Society via the DOI in this record.The formation of stars in massive clusters is one of the main modes of the star formation process. However, the study of massive star-forming regions is hampered by their typically large distances to the Sun. One exception to this is the massive star-forming region Cygnus OB2 in the Cygnus X region, at the distance of ∼1400 pc. Cygnus OB2 hosts very rich populations of massive and low-mass stars, being the best target in our Galaxy to study the formation of stars, circumstellar disks, and planets in the presence of massive stars. In this paper, we combine a wide and deep set of photometric data, from the r band to 24 μm, in order to select the disk-bearing population of stars in Cygnus OB2 and identify the class I, class II, and stars with transition and pre-transition disks. We selected 1843 sources with infrared excesses in an area of 1° × 1° centered on Cyg OB2 in several evolutionary stages: 8.4% class I, 13.1% flat-spectrum sources, 72.9% class II, 2.3% pre-transition disks, and 3.3% transition disks. The spatial distribution of these sources shows a central cluster surrounded by an annular overdensity and some clumps of recent star formation in the outer region. Several candidate subclusters are identified, both along the overdensity and in the rest of the association.M.G.G. is supported by the Chandra grant GO0-11040X. J.J.D., V.L.K., and T.A. are supported by NASA contract NAS8-39073 to the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) and thank the Director, Harvey Tananbaum, and the CXC science staff for advice and support. D.G.A. acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINN through grant AYA2008-02038. R.A.G. would like to acknowledge the support of NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP) grants NNX11AD14G and NNX13AF08G, and Caltech/JPL awards 1373081, 1424329, and 1440160 in support of Spitzer Space Telescope observing programs
Vegetation dynamics at Raraku Lake catchment (Easter Island) during the past 34,000 years

Easter Island is a paradigmatic example of human impact on ecosystems. The role of climate changes in recent vegetation shifts has commonly been rejected without proper assessment. A palynological study of a long sediment core from Raraku Lake documents the vegetation dynamics for the last 34 ka and investigates their driving forces, particularly the effects of climate variability on vegetation changes. Significant relationships between pollen assemblage changes and sedimentary and geochemical proxies demonstrate the rapid response of vegetation to lake crater basin hydrology and climatic changes. The lake surroundings were occupied by an open mixed palm grove during the Last Glacial period. Poaceae and Sophora increased at the expense of palms and Triumfetta, and Coprosma practically disappeared, in response to slightly wetter and/or colder climate during the Last Glacial Maximum. Palms and Triumfetta thrived in awarmer and/or drier climate during the deglaciation. Minor vegetation changes (a slight increase in Sophora and a drop in Asteraceae and Poaceae) occurred between 13.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP and can be related to rapid changes in the Younger Dryas chronozone. The increase in herbaceous taxa indicates a gradual shallowing of the lake and development of a mire during the Holocene, caused by sediment infilling and warmer and drier climate. Relatively rapid vegetation changes in the Holocene were caused by climate and by plant succession on the expanding mire. The rates of vegetation change observed in the mirewere similar to those at the initial stages of human impact identified in a previous study. These results reveal significant vegetation changes prior to human presence, due to the interplay of climate variations (temperature and moisture), changes in lake basin form by infilling and intrinsic dynamics of plant succession. Hence, the potential contribution of these factors in vegetation shifts during the period of human presence should not be neglected
Bootstrap prediction for returns and volatilities in GARCH models

A new bootstrap procedure to obtain prediction densities of returns and volatilities of GARCH processes is proposed. Financial market participants have shown an increasing interest in prediction intervals as measures of uncertainty. Furthermore, accurate predictions of volatilities are critical for many financial models. The advantages of the proposed method are that it allows incorporation of parameter uncertainty and does not rely on distributional assumptions. The finite sample properties are analyzed by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the technique is applied to the Madrid Stock Market index, IBEX-35.Publicad
Squire's theorem for the Rayleigh???Taylor problem with a phase boundary

We consider the RayleighTaylor problem with a phase transformation. For simplicity, we restrict our attention to base states in which the interface convects with the phases, so that mass exchange between the phases occurs only in response to a disturbance. We find that every unstable three-dimensional disturbance (involving a pair of modes transverse to the interface) is associated with a more unstable two-dimensional disturbance (involving a single mode transverse to the interface) at lower values of the Weber, Froude, Reynolds, Voronkov, and Gurtin numbers. This constitutes an appropriate version of Squires theorem.published or submitted for publicationis peer reviewe
Translation and validation of the French Movement Imagery Questionnaire. Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS)

Introduction
Motor imagery can be defined as a dynamic state during which the representation of a movement is internally rehearsed in the absence of voluntary movements. There are two strategies to mentally simulate the movements, either a visual representation of the movements (visual imagery), or kinesthetic feeling of the movement (kinetic imagery). In stroke rehabilitation, studies indicate that motor imagery associated with physical therapy results in cortical reorganization and correlative functional improvements.
Aim
The aim of this study is to provide to the French-speaking community a valid and reliable version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire – Revised Second Version (MIQ-RS).
Method
We examined the test-retest, inter-rate reliability and the internal consistency of the visual and kinesthetic items of our French version of MIQ-RS in 153 healthy subjects.
Results
Results showed the internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.90) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for visual items = 0.68 and for kinesthetic items = 0.78) of the French version of MIQ-RS were satisfactory; the two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis.
Conclusion
The French version of MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable instrument in French-speaking population and therefore useful as a measure for motor imagery ability
Combined U-Pb SHRIMP and Hf isotope study of the Late Paleozoic Yaminué Complex, Río Negro province, Argentina. Implications for the origin and evolution of the Patagonia composite terrane

We have carried out zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating and Hf isotope determinations on a biotite paraschist and on a tonalitic orthogneiss of the Yaminué Complex, and re-evaluate this complex in the broader context of the tectonic evolution of the Patagonia composite terrane. In the metasedimentary unit (msuYC), the youngest detrital zircon dated at 318 ± 5 Ma (Mississippian/Pennsylvanian boundary) indicates a Pennsylvanian (or younger) depositional age. The three main age populations peak at 474, 454 and 374 Ma. Preliminary Hf isotope data for two detrital zircons (447 and 655 Ma) yielded ε(Hf) values of −0.32 and 0.48, indicating that their primary sources contained small amounts of recycled crustal components (of Calymmian age; TDM 1.56 Ga). Zircons from the orthogneiss (miuYC; intrusive into msuYC) show a crystallization age of 261.3 ± 2.7 Ma (Capitanian; late middle Permian) which is broadly coeval with deformation, and Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic inheritance. Meaningful core-rim relationship between Neoarchean zircon cores and late Permian rims is well defined, indicating the occurrence of Archean crust in this sector of Patagonia. Hf TDM of Permian zircons is mainly Meso-Paleoarchean (2.97–3.35 Ga), with highly negative ε(Hf) values (ca. −33). Hf TDM of inherited Neoarchean zircon cores is also Meso-Paleoarchean (3.14–3.45 Ga) but more juvenile (ε(Hf) = −0.3). Hf isotopes reinforce the presence of unexposed ancient crust in this area.
Combining geological and isotope data, as well as geophysical models, we identify the Yaminué Complex within the La Esperanza-Yaminué crustal block flanked by two other, distinct crustal blocks: the Eastern block which forms part of the Patagonia terrane sensu stricto, located in the eastern Patagonian region, and the Western block forming part of the Southern Patagonia terrane. Their origins and timing of amalgamation to form the Patagonia composite terrane are also discussed.Fil: Chernicoff, Carlos Jorge. Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zappettini, Eduardo Osvaldo. Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geologico Minero Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Santos, João O. S.. University of Western Australia; Australia. Redstone Resources; AustraliaFil: Mcnaughton, Neal J.. Curtin University. John de Laeter Centre ; AustraliaFil: Belousova, E.. Macquarie University. ARC National Key Centre for Geochemical Evolution and Metallogeny of Continents; Australi