pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cosmology from quantum potential in brane–anti-brane system

Recently, some authors removed the big-bang singularity and predicted an infinite age of our universe. In this paper, we show that the same result can be obtained in string theory and M-theory; however, the shape of universe changes in different epochs. In our mechanism, first, N fundamental string decay to N D0–anti-D0-brane. Then, D0-branes join each other, grow and form a six-dimensional brane–antibrane system. This system is unstable, broken and at present the form of four-dimensional universes, one anti-universe in addition to one wormhole are produced. Thus, there isn't any big-bang in cosmology and the universe is a fundamental string at the beginning. Also, the total age of universe contains two parts, one is related to initial age and the other corresponds to the present age of universe ( ttot=tinitial+tpresent ). On the other hand, the initial age of universe includes two parts, the age of fundamental string and the time of transition ( tinitial=ttransition+tf-string ). We observe that only in the case of ( tf-string→∞ ), the scale factor of universe is zero and as a result, the total age of universe is infinity
Exploiting the symmetries of P and S wave for B → K ∗ μ + μ −

After summarizing the current theoretical status of the four-body decay B → K ∗ (→ Kπ ) μ + μ − , we apply the formalism of spin-symmetries to the full angular distribution, including the S-wave part involving a broad scalar resonance K 0 ∗ . While we recover in the P-wave sector the known relation between the angular observables P i (′) , we find in the S-wave sector two new relations connecting the coefficients of the S-wave angular distribution and reducing the number of independent S-wave observables from six to four. Included in the experimental data analysis, these relations can help to reduce the background from S-wave pollution. We further point out the discriminative power of the maximum of the angular observable P 2 as a charm-loop insensitive probe of right-handed currents. Moreover, we show that in absence of right-handed currents the angular observables P 4 ′ and P 5 ′ fulfill the relation P 4 ′  =  βP 5 ′ at the position where P 2 reaches its maximum
The Impact of a Harmonized European Corporate Tax Base on Investment Decisions of Multinationals

My dissertation scrutinizes the implications of a harmonized European corporate tax system for firms' and businesses' decision-making. Specifically, I examine the cross-border consolidation of profits and losses, the design of the apportionment formula applied to allocate the consolidated tax base to single group entities, and the locational investment decisions that are mainly driven by the consolidation of the tax base and its allocation to the group entities. All of my analyses are conducted using model-theoretical methods and simulations, a partial equilibrium business perspective is maintained throughout. (author's abstract
Georeferenced cartography dataset of the La Fossa crater fumarolic field at Vulcano Island (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy): conversion and comparison of data from local to global positioning methods

The present study illustrates the procedures applied for the coordinate
system conversion of the historical fumarole positions at La Fossa crater,
to allow their comparison with newly acquired global positioning system
(GPS) data. Due to the absence of ground control points in the field and on
both the old Gauss Boaga and the new UTM WGS 1984 maps, we had to
model the transformation errors between the two systems using differential
GPS techniques. Once corrected, the maps show a residual Easting shifting,
due to erroneous georeferencing of the original base maps; this is corrected
by morphological comparative methods. The good correspondence between
the corrected positions of the historical data and the results of the new
GPS survey that was carried out in 2009 highlights the good quality of the
old surveys, although they were carried out without the use of accurate
topographical instruments
The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899

In the frame of the European Commission project “Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe” (SHARE), aiming at harmonizing seismic hazard at a European scale, the compilation of a homogeneous, European parametric earthquake catalogue was planned. The goal was to be achieved by considering the most updated historical dataset and assessing homogenous magnitudes, with support from several institutions. 
This paper describes the SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC), which covers the time-window 1000-1899. It strongly relies on the experience of the European Commission project “Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology” (NERIES), a module of which was dedicated to create the European “Archive of Historical Earthquake Data” (AHEAD) and to establish methodologies to homogenously derive earthquake parameters from macroseismic data.
AHEAD has supplied the final earthquake list, obtained after sorting duplications out and eliminating many fake events, and the most updated historical dataset. Macroseismic data points (MDPs) provided by AHEAD have been processed with updated, repeatable procedures, regionally calibrated against a set of recent, instrumental earthquakes, to obtain earthquake parameters. From the same data, a set of epicentral intensity-to-magnitude relations has been derived, with the aim of providing another set of homogeneous Mw estimates. Then, a strategy focussed on maximizing the homogeneity of the final epicentral location and Mw, has been adopted. Special care has been devoted also to supply location and Mw uncertainty. The paper focuses on the procedure adopted for the compilation of SHEEC and briefly comments on the achieved results
SEISMIC ANISOTROPY AND MICRO-SEISMICITY IN THE UPPER CRUST AT NORTH OF GUBBIO BASIN (CENTRAL ITALY): RELATION WITH THE SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND THE ACTIVE STRESS FIELD

During the months of April and May 2010, a seismic sequence (here named “Pietralunga seismic sequence”) took place in the northeastern part of the Gubbio basin (Northern Apennines); this area is well known to be interested by a continuous background micro-seismic activity. The sequence was recorded both by the INGV National Seismic Network, and by the stations installed by the Project “AIRPLANE” (financially supported by MIUR-Italian Ministry of Education and Research) with the aim of investigating the seismogenetic processes in the Alto Tiberina Fault (ATF) system region.
In this work we present the anisotropic results at four stations: ATFO, ATPC, ATPI, ATVO located around the northern termination of the Gubbio basin that well delimit both the seismic se- quence and the whole 2010 seismicity (about 2500 events).
The study of seismic anisotropy has provided useful information for the interpretation and evaluation of the stress field and active crustal deformation. Seismic anisotropy can yield valuable information on upper crustal structure, fracture field, and presence of fluid-saturated rocks. Moreover, the large number of seismic waveforms recorded especially during the Pietralunga sequence allows us also to study the spatio-temporal changes of anisotropic parameters to better understand its evolution and the possible correlation to the presence and migration of fluids
Single trial analysis of field potentials in perception, learning and memory.

The analysis of single trial responses of field potentials is an important tool to study brain signals. Single trial analyses can indeed provide additional information that is obscured or simply not available in the average responses. The importance of studying single trial responses is reinforced by the fact that different brain processes are correlated with trial-by-trial variation of the responses. Here, we review key studies implementing single trial analyses of field potentials-using methods such as single trial latency, amplitude and power changes, spike and LFP relationships, correlations between areas, cross frequency coupling, decoding of the presented stimuli-that bring light into the neural basis of perception, learning and memory.This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (G1002100) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/H051651/1).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Interactions between defining, explaining and classifying : the case of increasing and decreasing sequences.

This paper describes a study in which we investigated relationships between defining mathematical concepts — increasing and decreasing infinite sequences — explaining their meanings and classifying consistently with formal definitions. We explored the effect of defining, explaining or studying a definition on subsequent classification, and the effect of classifying on subsequent explaining and defining. We report that (1) student-generated definitions and explanations were highly variable in content and quality; (2) explicitly considering the meaning of the concept facilitated subsequent classification, and giving a personal definition or explanation had a greater effect than studying a given definition; (3) classifying before defining or explaining resulted in significantly poorer definitions and explanations. We discuss the implications of these results for the teaching of abstract pure mathematics, relating our discussion to existing work on the concept image/concept definition distinction and on working with examples
Non-coplanar trajectories to improve organ at risk sparing in volumetric modulated arc therapy for primary brain tumours

Background and purpose: To evaluate non-coplanar volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) trajectories for organ at risk (OAR) sparing in primary brain tumour radiotherapy. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients were planned using coplanar VMAT and compared against non-coplanar VMAT plans for three trajectory optimization techniques. A geometric heuristic technique (GH) combined beam scoring and Dijkstra's algorithm to minimize the importance-weighted sum of OAR volumes irradiated. Fluence optimization was used to perform a local search around coplanar and GH trajectories, producing fluence-based local search (FBLS) and FBLS+GH trajectories respectively. Results: GH, FBLS, and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced doses to the contralateral globe, optic nerve, hippocampus, temporal lobe, and cochlea. However, FBLS increased dose to the ipsilateral lens, optic nerve and globe. Compared to GH, FBLS+GH increased dose to the ipsilateral temporal lobe and hippocampus, contralateral optics, and the brainstem and body. GH and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced bilateral hippocampi normal tissue complication probability (p = 0.028 and p = 0.043, respectively). All techniques reduced PTV conformity; GH and FBLS+GH trajectories reduced homogeneity but less so for FBLS+GH. Conclusions: The geometric heuristic technique best spared OARs and reduced normal tissue complication probability, however incorporating fluence information into non-coplanar trajectory optimization maintained PTV homogeneity
Observation of top quark pairs produced in association with a vector
  boson in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Measurements of the cross sections for top quark pairs produced in
association with a W or Z boson are presented, using 8 TeV pp collision data
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 inverse femtobarns, collected
by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Final states are selected in which the
associated W boson decays to a charged lepton and a neutrino or the Z boson
decays to two charged leptons. Signal events are identified by matching
reconstructed objects in the detector to specific final state particles from
ttW or ttZ decays. The ttW cross section is measured to be 382 +117 -102 fb
with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations from the background-only
hypothesis. The ttZ cross section is measured to be 242 +65 -55 fb with a
significance of 6.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis.
These measurements are used to set bounds on five anomalous dimension-six
operators that would affect the ttW and ttZ cross sections.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Search for anomalous couplings in the $Wtb$ vertex from the measurement
  of double differential angular decay rates of single top quarks produced in
  the $t$-channel with the ATLAS detector

The electroweak production and subsequent decay of single top quarks is
determined by the properties of the $Wtb$ vertex. This vertex can be described
by the complex parameters of an effective Lagrangian. An analysis of angular
distributions of the decay products of single top quarks produced in the
$t$-channel constrains these parameters simultaneously. The analysis described
in this paper uses 4.6 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}$
= 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.Two parameters are
measured simultaneously in this analysis. The fraction $f_1$ of decays
containing transversely polarised $W$ bosons is measured to be $0.37 \pm 0.07$
(stat.$\oplus$syst.). The phase $\delta_{-}$ between amplitudes for
transversely and longitudinally polarised $W$ bosons recoiling against
left-handed $b$-quarks is measured to be $-0.14\pi \pm 0.036\pi$
(stat.$\oplus$syst.).The correlation in the measurement of these parameters is
$0.15$. These values result in two-dimensional limits at the 95% confidence
level on the ratio of the complex coupling parameters $g_\mathrm{R}$ and
$V_\mathrm{L}$, yielding Re [$g_\mathrm{R}/V_\mathrm{L}$] $\in [-0.36,0.10]$
and Im [$g_\mathrm{R}/V_\mathrm{L}$] $\in [-0.17,0.23]$ with a correlation of
0.11. The results are in good agreement with the predictions of the Standard
Model.Comment: 26 pages plus author list + cover pages (42 pages total), 8 figures,
  2 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2013-1
Life-cycle modification in open oceans accounts for genome variability in a cosmopolitan phytoplankton\ud

Emiliania huxleyi is the most abundant calcifying plankton in modern oceans with substantial intraspecific genome variability and a biphasic life cycle involving sexual alternation between calcified 2N and flagellated 1N cells. We show that high genome content variability in Emiliania relates to erosion of 1N-specific genes and loss of the ability to form flagellated cells. Analysis of 185 E. huxleyi strains isolated from world oceans suggests that loss of flagella occurred independently in lineages inhabiting oligotrophic open oceans over short evolutionary timescales. This environmentally linked physiogenomic change suggests life cycling is not advantageous in very large/diluted populations experiencing low biotic pressure and low ecological variability. Gene loss did not appear to reflect pressure for genome streamlining in oligotrophic oceans as previously observed in picoplankton. Life-cycle modifications might be common in plankton and cause major functional variability to be hidden from traditional taxonomic or molecular markers.\u
The magnetically-active, low-mass, triple system WDS 19312+3607 (Research Note)

Aims. We investigated in detail the system WDS 19312+3607, whose primary is an active M4.5Ve star previously inferred to be young (τ ~ 300–500 Ma) based on its high X-ray luminosity. Methods. We collected intermediate- and low-resolution optical spectra taken with 2 m-class telescopes, photometric data from the B to 8 μm bands, and data for eleven astrometric epochs with a time baseline of over 56 years for the two components in the system, G 125–15 and G 125–14. Results. We derived the M4.5V spectral types of both stars, confirmed their common proper motion, estimated their heliocentric distance and projected physical separation, determined their Galactocentric space velocities, and deduced a most-probable age of older than 600 Ma. We discovered that the primary, G 125–15, is an inflated, double-lined, spectroscopic binary with a short period of photometric variability of 1.6 d, which we associated with orbital synchronisation. The observed X-ray and Hα emissions, photometric variability, and abnormal radius and effective temperature of G 125–15 AB are indicative of strong magnetic activity, possibly because of the rapid rotation. In addition, the estimated projected physical separation between G 125–15 AB and G 125–14 of about 1200 AU ensures that WDS 19312+3607 is one of the widest systems with intermediate M-type primaries. Conclusions. G 125–15 AB is a nearby (d ≈ 26 pc), bright (J ≈ 9.6 mag), active spectroscopic binary with a single proper-motion companion of the same spectral type at a wide separation. They are thus ideal targets for specific follow-ups to investigate wide and close multiplicity or stellar expansion and surface cooling because of the lower convective efficiency
Plasma proteins predict conversion to dementia from prodromal disease.

PublishedJournal ArticleMulticenter StudyResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tBACKGROUND: The study aimed to validate previously discovered plasma biomarkers associated with AD, using a design based on imaging measures as surrogate for disease severity and assess their prognostic value in predicting conversion to dementia. METHODS: Three multicenter cohorts of cognitively healthy elderly, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants with standardized clinical assessments and structural neuroimaging measures were used. Twenty-six candidate proteins were quantified in 1148 subjects using multiplex (xMAP) assays. RESULTS: Sixteen proteins correlated with disease severity and cognitive decline. Strongest associations were in the MCI group with a panel of 10 proteins predicting progression to AD (accuracy 87%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 88%). CONCLUSIONS: We have identified 10 plasma proteins strongly associated with disease severity and disease progression. Such markers may be useful for patient selection for clinical trials and assessment of patients with predisease subjective memory complaints.Medical Research Council (MRC)Alzheimer’s Research UKThe National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreBiomedical Research Unit for DementiaAddNeuroMed through the EU FP6 programInnovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under an EMIF grantEuropean Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013
Microplastic moves pollutants and additives to worms, reducing functions linked to health and biodiversity.

PublishedJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Inadequate products, waste management, and policy are struggling to prevent plastic waste from infiltrating ecosystems [1, 2]. Disintegration into smaller pieces means that the abundance of micrometer-sized plastic (microplastic) in habitats has increased [3] and outnumbers larger debris [2, 4]. When ingested by animals, plastic provides a feasible pathway to transfer attached pollutants and additive chemicals into their tissues [5-15]. Despite positive correlations between concentrations of ingested plastic and pollutants in tissues of animals, few, if any, controlled experiments have examined whether ingested plastic transfers pollutants and additives to animals. We exposed lugworms (Arenicola marina) to sand with 5% microplastic that was presorbed with pollutants (nonylphenol and phenanthrene) and additive chemicals (Triclosan and PBDE-47). Microplastic transferred pollutants and additive chemicals into gut tissues of lugworms, causing some biological effects, although clean sand transferred larger concentrations of pollutants into their tissues. Uptake of nonylphenol from PVC or sand reduced the ability of coelomocytes to remove pathogenic bacteria by >60%. Uptake of Triclosan from PVC diminished the ability of worms to engineer sediments and caused mortality, each by >55%, while PVC alone made worms >30% more susceptible to oxidative stress. As global microplastic contamination accelerates, our findings indicate that large concentrations of microplastic and additives can harm ecophysiological functions performed by organisms.Work was funded by Leverhulme Trust (grant F/00/568/C) to R.C.T., T.S.G., and S.J.R. During preparation of manuscript, M.A.B. was supported as a Postdoctoral Fellow at NCEAS, a center funded by the NSF (grant number EF-0553768), UCSB, with support from Ocean Conservancy
Long-term CIN3 risk in women with abnormal cytology; Role of hrHPV testing

Background: Many studies have examined the short-term value of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in predicting cumulative risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3). This study focuses on long-term CIN3 risk after initial wait and see policy. Methods: A total of 342 women with abnormal cytology of borderline/mild dyskaryosis (BMD) or worse (>BMD), included between 1990 and 1992, were followed-up by cytology and hrHPV testing until 1996 and monitored by cytology thereafter. Primary endpoint was cumulative CIN3 risk by December 2009.Results:Women with BMD had a 5-year CIN3 risk of 22.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.0-29.1) and of 0.7% (0.1-4.5) in the subsequent 5 years. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with BMD had a 5-year risk of <0.01% (95% CI <0.0-5.1) and of 0.01% (0.0-5.7) in the following 5 years, while for hrHPV-positive women these risks were 37.5% (29.0-46.9) and 1.6% (0.2-9.5), respectively. Women with BMD< had a 5-year risk of 45.1% (36.4-54.1) and of 3.5% (0.9-12.2) in the subsequent 5 years. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with < BMD had a 5-year risk of 7.3% (2.0-23.6) and hrHPV-positive women of 56.6% (46.4-66.3). Conclusion: Women with BMD have an elevated CIN3 risk for 5 years only; afterwards their risk is similar to the general population. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with BMD may return to regular screening directly. All other women with ≥ BMD should be referred for additional testing and/or colposcopy
Reconstruction and identification of hadronic $\tau$ decays in ATLAS

The identification of tau-jet from the hadronic tau-decay is crucial for the study of many physics channels like the production of Higgs bosons decaying to taus or SUSY. The tau-jet reconstruction in ATLAS is performed starting from the energy deposed in calorimeters or also combining measure from calorimeter and tracking with energy-flow technique. Quantities built both from the calorimeters and from the inner detector are used to identify tau-jets against other jets. In the talk we will review the performance of tau-jet reconstruction and identification, showing that the excellent tau-efficiency vs the jet-rejection obtained in ATLAS will allow the study of channels where the background from jets is potentially very large