pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Towards Urban Fabrics Characterization Based on Buildings Footprints

International audienceUrban fabric characterization is very useful in urban design, planning, modeling and simulation. It is traditionally considered as a descriptive task mainly based on visual inspection of urban plans. Cartographic databases and geographic information systems (GIS) capabilities make possible the analytical formalization of this issue. This paper proposes a renewed approach to characterize urban fabrics using buildings' footprints data. This characterization method handles both architectural form and urban open space morphology since urban space can be intuitively and simply divided into built-up areas (buildings) and non-built-up areas (open spaces). First, we propose to build a mesh of the open space (a morphologic tessellation) and then we formalize relevant urban morphology properties and translate them into a set of indicators (using some common-used indispensable indicators and proposing a new formulation or generalization of a few others). This first step produces a highly dimensional data set for each footprint characterizing both the building and its surrounding open space. This data set is then reduced and classified using a spatial clustering process, the self-organizing maps in this case. Our method only requires buildings' footprints as input data. It can be applied on huge datasets and is independent from urban contexts. The results show that the classification produced is more faithful to ground truth (highlighting the variety of urban morpho-logic structures) than traditional descriptive characterizations generally lacking open space properties
Magnetic and crystal structures of the magnetoelectric pyroxene LiCrSi2O6

International audienceWe investigated the magnetic and crystal structures of the recent reported magnetoelectric system LiCrSi2O6 by powder neutron diffraction. Below TN=11.5 K, an antiferromagnetic order appears. It is characterized by an antiferromagnetic coupling within the CrO6 octahedra chains and a ferromagnetic coupling between the chains. The magnetic order is commensurate with the lattice with k=0. The associated magnetic space group is P21 /c. This symmetry is in agreement with the reported magnetoelectric effect. We show that the magnetic frustration in this system is small. Finally, we discuss our results using a Landau phenomenological model and in the light of the literature
Estimating tail-beat frequency using split-beam echosounders

This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in ICES Journal of Marine Science following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version  ICES J. Mar. Sci.  (2009)   66  (6):  1252-1258  is available online at: http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/6/1252Data from a standard split-beam echosounder are used to estimate tail-beat frequency within a dense herring (Clupea harengus L.) layer. The data were collected by lowering a horizontally projecting 38 kHz split-beam transducer into a herring layer at 245-m depth. Individual targets were concatenated into tracks, and a fast Fourier transform was used to estimate the periodogram of the backscattering strengths along each track. A simple model, assumed accurate under certain conditions, was used to relate the periodogram to tail-beat frequency. The requisite conditions are discussed. Examples of accurate tail-beat estimates from single high-quality tracks, which are consistent with statistics on all tracks in the test dataset, are presented. In addition, the cross periodogram between closely spaced individuals was calculated on selected tracks to estimate the relative phase between the adjacent tracks within the school. Finally, the potential use of this method to resolve schooling behaviour, improve target-strength estimates, and even estimate fish condition, is discussed
Theory of mind impairments in patients with semantic dementia.
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ToM in semantic dementia

International audienceSemantic dementia is characterized by semantic deficits and behavioural abnormalities that occur in the wake of bilateral inferolateral and predominantly left-sided anterior temporal lobe atrophy. The temporal poles have been shown to be involved in theory of mind, namely the ability to ascribe cognitive and affective mental states to others that regulates social interactions by predicting and interpreting human behaviour. However, very few studies have examined theory of mind in semantic dementia. In this study, we investigated both cognitive and affective theory of mind in a group of patients with semantic dementia, using separate objective and subjective assessment tasks. Results provided objective evidence of an impact of semantic dementia on cognitive and affective theory of mind, consistent with the patients' atrophy in the left temporal lobe and hypometabolism in the temporal lobes and the medial frontal cortex. However, the subjective assessment of theory of mind suggested that awareness of the affective but not cognitive theory of mind deficit persists into the moderate stage of the disease
Does regular blood transfusion prevent progression of cerebrovascular lesions in children with sickle cell disease?

International audienceA retrospective study was conducted to assess changes in cerebrovascular lesions, as assessed by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and angiography in 18 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) receiving optimised chronic transfusions for primary stroke prevention (abnormal transcranial Doppler flow, nine patients, median follow-up 14.3 months (range, 7.9–48.9)) or secondary stroke prevention (nine patients, median follow-up 59.6 months (range, 11.0–127.9)). An experienced neuroradiologist blinded to patient data reviewed the 41 MR scans (median/patient, three (2–4)). Standard scores were used to evaluate parenchymal and vascular abnormalities at baseline and last follow-up. Within-patient score changes evaluated using Wilcoxon's paired rank test indicated lesion progression in the secondary-prevention group ( = 0.027). Optimised transfusion therapy does not prevent progression of cerebral vasculopathy in SCD children with a history of stroke
Does electromagnetic hypersensitivity originate from nocebo responses?
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Indications from a qualitative study

International audienceIdiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF) is a condition in which symptoms are attributed to electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. As electro-hypersensitive (EHS) people have repeatedly been observed, during provocation trials, to report symptoms following perceived rather than actual exposure, the hypothesis has been put forward that IEI-EMF originates from psychological mechanisms, especially nocebo responses. This paper examines this hypothesis, using data from a qualitative study aimed at understanding how EHS people come to regard themselves as such. Forty self-diagnosed EHS people were interviewed. A typified model of their attribution process was then elaborated, inductively, from their narratives. This model is linear and composed of seven stages: (1) onset of symptoms; (2) failure to find a solution; (3) discovery of EHS; (4) gathering of information about EHS; (5) implicit appearance of conviction; (6) experimentation; (7) conscious acceptance of conviction. Overall, symptoms appear before subjects start questioning effects of EMF on their health, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that IEI-EMF originates from nocebo responses to perceived EMF exposure. However, such responses might occur at the sixth stage of the process, potentially reinforcing the attribution. It remains possible that some cases of IEI-EMF originate from other psychological mechanisms
Earth's Inner Core dynamics induced by the Lorentz force

submitted to Geophysical Journal InternationalInternational audienceSeismic studies indicate that the Earth's inner core has a complex structure and exhibits a strong elastic anisotropy with a cylindrical symmetry. Among the various models which have been proposed to explain this anisotropy, one class of models considers the effect of the Lorentz force associated with the magnetic field diffused within the inner core. In this paper we extend previous studies and use analytical calculations and numerical simulations to predict the geometry and strength of the flow induced by the poloidal component of the Lorentz force in a neutrally or stably stratified growing inner core, exploring also the effect of different types of boundary conditions at the inner core boundary (ICB). Unlike previous studies, we show that the boundary condition that is most likely to produce a significant deformation and seismic anisotropy is impermeable, with negligible radial flow through the boundary. Exact analytical solutions are found in the case of a negligible effect of buoyancy forces in the inner core (neutral stratification), while numerical simulations are used to investigate the case of stable stratification. In this situation, the flow induced by the Lorentz force is found to be localized in a shear layer below the ICB, which thickness depends on the strength of the stratification, but not on the magnetic field strength. We obtain scaling laws for the thickness of this layer, as well as for the flow velocity and strain rate in this shear layer as a function of the control parameters, which include the magnitude of the magnetic field, the strength of the density stratification, the viscosity of the inner core, and the growth rate of the inner core. We find that the resulting strain rate is probably too small to produce significant texturing unless the inner core viscosity is smaller than about $10^{12}$ Pa.s
RPA provides checkpoint-independent cell cycle arrest and prevents recombination at uncapped telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

International audienceReplication Protein A (RPA) is an evolutionary conserved essential complex with single-stranded DNA binding properties that has been implicated in numerous DNA transactions. At damaged telomeres, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RPA recruits the Mec1-Ddc2 module of the DNA damage checkpoint network, its only known function in DNA damage signaling. Here, we describe rfa1 mutants (rfa1-1, rfa1-9, rfa1-10, rfa1-11 and rfa1-12) that are proficient in this checkpoint but nevertheless exhibit deregulation of cell cycle control upon telomere uncapping induced by the cdc13-1 mutation. Overriding of this damage-induced checkpoint-independent cell cycle block in the rfa1 mutants was suppressed following genetic inactivation of either TEL1 or EST2/telomerase. Altogether, our results suggest that a previously non-suspected function of RPA is to block cell cycle progression upon telomere uncapping using a yet unidentified pathway that functions in a Mec1-Ddc2-independent manner. We propose that in the rfa1 mutants, ill-masking of uncapped telomeres provokes inappropriate access of Tel1 and inappropriate functioning of telomerase, which, by yet unknown mechanisms, allows cell division to take place in spite of the block established by the DNA damage checkpoint. In the present study, we also observed that upon telomere uncapping, rfa1-12, but not the other studied rfa1 mutants, triggered telomeric recombination in the presence of functional telomerase. In conclusion, the present study identifies a novel pathway of telomere end protection that utilizes a previously unsuspected function of RPA at the telomeres
Direct observation of the turbulent emf and transport of magnetic field in a liquid sodium experiment

International audienceFor the first time, we have directly measured the transport of a vector magnetic field by isotropic turbulence in a high Reynolds number liquid metal flow. In analogy with direct measurements of the turbulent Reynolds stress (turbulent viscosity) that governs momentum transport, we have measured the turbulent electromotive force (emf) by simultaneously measuring three components of velocity and magnetic fields, and computed the correlations that lead to mean-field current generation. Furthermore, we show that this turbulent emf tends to oppose and cancel out the local current, acting to increase the effective resistivity of the medium, i.e., it acts as an enhanced magnetic diffusivity. This has important implications for turbulent transport in astrophysical objects, particularly in dynamos and accretion disks
Riemann-Hilbert approach to a generalized sine kernel and applications

74 pagesInternational audienceWe investigate the asymptotic behavior of a generalized sine kernel acting on a finite size interval [-q,q]. We determine its asymptotic resolvent as well as the first terms in the asymptotic expansion of its Fredholm determinant. Further, we apply our results to build the resolvent of truncated Wiener--Hopf operators generated by holomorphic symbols. Finally, the leading asymptotics of the Fredholm determinant allows us to establish the asymptotic estimates of certain oscillatory multidimensional coupled integrals that appear in the study of correlation functions of quantum integrable models
Constraints on source-forming processes of West Greenland kimberlites inferred from Hf-Nd isotope systematics.

International audienceKimberlites from West Greenland have Hf-Nd isotope as well as major and trace element compositions that are similar to other Group I kimberlites, but that are distinctive in the spectrum of magmas sampled at Earth's surface. The West Greenland kimberlites have εNdi that ranges from +1.6 to +3.1 and εHfi that ranges from −4.3 to +4.9. The samples exhibit ubiquitous negative ΔεHfi (deviation from the ocean island basalt εHf-εNd reference line), ranging from −1.8 to −11.2. The kimberlites are characterized by steep heavy rare earth element patterns, positive Ta-Nb anomalies and negative Hf-Zr anomalies. These chemical signals are consistent with the presence of ancient, subducted oceanic crust in the kimberlite source region. In the model we present, dewatering and possibly partial melting of rutile-bearing oceanic crust during subduction results in characteristic trace element patterns in the residual crust. During aging, the Hf-Nd isotopic composition of this dewatered/partially melted EMORB-type crust evolves to negative ΔεHfi values. Metasomatic fluids derived from this ancient subducted oceanic crust infiltrate and impart their trace element and isotopic signal on proximal peridotitic mantle. Melting of this metasomatized mantle peridotite results in kimberlite magmas
Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes in children: the SFCE experience

International audiencePurposes The purpose of this study was to retrospectively study embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), a rare new entity that gathers ETAN-TR (embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes), ependymoblastomas, and medulloepitheliomas, in order to improve their descriptions and try to better define therapeutic modalities. Methods: Patients with ETMR, ETAN-TR, ependymoblastoma, and medulloepithelioma treated in SFCE centres (Société Française de lutte contre les Cancers et les leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'adolescent) since 2000 were collected. Data were retrieved from clinical charts.Results: Thirty-eight patients were included in the analysis. Seventeen had an ETAN-TR, 13 had a medulloepithelioma, and 8 had an ETMR. No ependymoblastoma was included. The median age at diagnosis was 31 months (range, 2.8–141 months). The predominant tumor location was supratentorial (66 %); 18.4 % patients had metastatic lesion. LIN28A expression was positive in 11/11 patients. Amplification of the locus 19q13.42 was positive in 10/12 patients. Thirty patients were treated according to the primitive neuroectodermal tumors of high risk (PNET-HR) protocol. The median time of follow-up was 0.9 years (range 0.1 to 15.3 years). The 1-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were, respectively, 36 % CI 95 % (23–55) and 45 % CI 95 % (31–64). On multivariate analysis, complete surgical resection, radiotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy were associated with a better overall survival with a relative risk of, respectively, 7.9 CI 95 % (2.6–23.5) p < 0.0002, 41.8 CI 95 % (9.4–186) p < 0.0001, and 3.5 CI 95 % (1.3–9.5) p = 0.012.Conclusion: Prognosis of ETMR remains dismal despite multimodal therapy. LIN28A immunostaining and 19q13.42 amplification should be systematically done to secure the diagnosis. Complete surgical resection, radiotherapy, and high-dose chemotherapy are associated with better outcome
APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS OF THE BAER-NUNZIATO MODEL

International audienceWe examine in this paper the accuracy of some approximations of the Baer-Nunziato two-phase flow model. The governing equations and their main properties are recalled, and two distinct numerical schemes are investigated, including a classical second-order extension relying on symmetrizing variables. Shock tube cases are considered, and two simple Riemann problems based on well-balanced initial data are detailed. These enable to recover the expected convergence rates. However, it is shown that these simple cases are indeed very difficult and that the accuracy of basic schemes is rather poor
Stable isotopic composition of anguilliform leptocephali and other food web components from west of the Mascarene Plateau

Carpentier EA 7316International audienceLeptocephali are the poorly-understood transparent larvae of elopomorph fishes that live in the ocean surface layer throughout the world’s tropical and subtropical oceans.  Their feeding ecology has been difficult to understand because they appear to primarily feed on particulate organic material (POM), which contains few identifiable objects, and there have been few studies on their diets or trophic positions.  This study presents the first results on the trophic position of c.a. 50 leptocephali belonging to 7 families of leptocephali that were compared to 30 taxa of other marine animals and to POM samples. To that end, the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were analyzed on specimens of leptocephali, various taxa of mesozooplankon, cephalopods, fishes, and POM collected west of the Mascarene Plateau in the western Indian Ocean.  Nitrogen and carbon isotopic ratio analyses indicated that the 12 taxa of DNA barcoded leptocephali (≥15 species) could be separated into 2 groups of species with either higher (Group 1: 9 taxa of 7 families, 25–91 mm) or lower (Group 2: 3 taxa of 2 families, 43–275 mm) δ15N ranges.  Group 2 exclusively included species that reach much larger sizes of > 150–200 mm (Nemichthys and Avocettina, 3 species of Ariosoma-type), whereas Group 1 included Anguilla bicolor bicolor, Serrivomeridae, Muraenidae, Congridae (3 species), Chlopsidae, Ophichthidae (2 species), and Thalassenchelys.  Differences in feeding depths, the types of POM ingested by preference or because of different jaw morphology, or the transport of larvae from other regions with different isotopic signatures are possible reasons for the differences between the two groups.  The isotopic signatures of 14 taxa of copepods had higher but slightly overlapping δ15N and δ13C signatures compared to leptocephali and most crustaceans and other mezozooplankton, cephalopods and mesopelagic fish taxa had even higher values.  The δ15N and δ13C signatures and composition of POM were variable spatially and with depth and may have been influenced by particulates originating from the shallow banks of the Mascarene Plateau.  The two apparent isotopic groups of leptocephali should be examined in relation to their consumption of POM, which can include various proportions of prokaryotes, phytoplankton, protozoans, discarded appendicularian houses and other materials, by conducting further studies in different regions and using a variety of techniques
Evidence for TiO2 nanoparticle transfer in a hard-rock aquifer

International audienceWater flow and TiO2 nanoparticle (NP) transfer in a fractured hard-rock aquifer were studied in a tracer test experiment at a pilot site in Brittany, France. Results from the Br tracer test show that the schist aquifer can be represented by a two-layer medium comprising i) fractures with low longitudinal dispersivity in which water and solute transport is relatively fast, and ii) a network of small fissures with high longitudinal dispersivity in which transport is slower. Although a large amount of NPs was retained within the aquifer, a significant TiO2 concentration was measured in a well 15 m downstream of the NP injection well, clearly confirming the potential for TiO2 NPs to be transported in groundwater. The Ti concentration profile in the downstream well was modelled using a two-layer medium approach. The delay used for the TiO2 NPs simulation compared to the Br concentration profiles in the downstream well indicate that the aggregated TiO2 NPs interacted with the rock. Unlike Br, NPs do not penetrate the entire pore network during transfer because of electrostatic interactions between NP aggregates and the rock and also to the aggregate size and the hydrodynamic conditions, especially where the porosity is very low; NPs with a weak negative charge can be attached onto the rock surface, and more particularly onto the positively charged iron oxyhydroxides coating the main pathways due to natural denitrification. Nevertheless, TiO2 NPs are mobile and transfer within fracture and fissure media. Any modification of the aquifer’s chemical conditions is likely to impact the groundwater pH and, the nitrate content and the denitrification process, and thus affect NP aggregation and attachment