pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial.

Background\ud
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The ORACLE II trial compared the use of erythromycin and/or amoxicillin–clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) with that of placebo for women in spontaneous preterm labour and intact membranes, without overt signs of clinical infection, by use of a factorial randomised design. The aim of the present study—the ORACLE Children Study II—was to determine the long-term effects on children after exposure to antibiotics in this clinical situation.\ud
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Methods\ud
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We assessed children at age 7 years born to the 4221 women who had completed the ORACLE II study and who were eligible for follow-up with a structured parental questionnaire to assess the child's health status. Functional impairment was defined as the presence of any level of functional impairment (severe, moderate, or mild) derived from the mark III Multi-Attribute Health Status classification system. Educational outcomes were assessed with national curriculum test results for children resident in England.\ud
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Findings\ud
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Outcome was determined for 3196 (71%) eligible children. Overall, a greater proportion of children whose mothers had been prescribed erythromycin, with or without co-amoxiclav, had any functional impairment than did those whose mothers had received no erythromycin (658 [42·3%] of 1554 children vs 574 [38·3%] of 1498; odds ratio 1·18, 95% CI 1·02–1·37). Co-amoxiclav (with or without erythromycin) had no effect on the proportion of children with any functional impairment, compared with receipt of no co-amoxiclav (624 [40·7%] of 1523 vs 608 [40·0%] of 1520; 1·03, 0·89–1·19). No effects were seen with either antibiotic on the number of deaths, other medical conditions, behavioural patterns, or educational attainment. However, more children whose mothers had received erythromycin or co-amoxiclav developed cerebral palsy than did those born to mothers who received no erythromycin or no co-amoxiclav, respectively (erythromycin: 53 [3·3%] of 1611 vs 27 [1·7%] of 1562, 1·93, 1·21–3·09; co-amoxiclav: 50 [3·2%] of 1587 vs 30 [1·9%] of 1586, 1·69, 1·07–2·67). The number needed to harm with erythromycin was 64 (95% CI 37–209) and with co-amoxiclav 79 (42–591).\ud
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Interpretation\ud
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The prescription of erythromycin for women in spontaneous preterm labour with intact membranes was associated with an increase in functional impairment among their children at 7 years of age. The risk of cerebral palsy was increased by either antibiotic, although the overall risk of this condition was low.\ud
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Funding\ud
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UK Medical Research Council.Open Access funded by Medical Research Council1964
The field of radical innovation : Making sense of organizational cultures and radical innovation

The file associated with this record is embargoed until 36 months after the date of publication. The final published version may be available through the links above.Organic organizational structures and cultures facilitate innovation because they allow organizations to shift their understanding of what a product, service or technology means. Yet, organic organizations may have to instill mechanistic structures and bureaucratic processes if they produce successful radical innovations. Thus, the basis of innovation can be undermined by its consequences. To explore this issue, this paper analyzes data from an ongoing longitudinal case study of a SME digital-design agency that developed a radical innovation for the market research industry. The paper observes that founders of the organization shifted their position to become managers as a result of their radical innovation and that other members of the organization have, consequently, re-evaluated their attitude toward the organization. To conceptualize our findings we turn to the work of Pierre Bourdieu. His notion of fields-which structure experiences and are, themselves, structured by experiences-offers a framework to understand the dynamics within an organization that occur as a result of a successful radical innovation. The contribution of our paper is: theoretically, we relate the discussion of innovation to wider social theories of practice and, thus, introduce temporal and cultural dynamics into the account of radical innovation; methodologically, we provide an example of a longitudinal study; and, in managerial terms, we indicate where divisions occur within an organization concerning the construction of meaning between managers and employees after a radical innovation.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Parahippocampal cortex is involved in material processing via echoes in blind echolocation experts.

Some blind humans use sound to navigate by emitting mouth-clicks and listening to the echoes that reflect from silent objects and surfaces in their surroundings. These echoes contain information about the size, shape, location, and material properties of objects. Here we present results from an fMRI experiment that investigated the neural activity underlying the processing of materials through echolocation. Three blind echolocation experts (as well as three blind and three sighted non-echolocating control participants) took part in the experiment. First, we made binaural sound recordings in the ears of each echolocator while he produced clicks in the presence of one of three different materials (fleece, synthetic foliage, or whiteboard), or while he made clicks in an empty room. During fMRI scanning these recordings were played back to participants. Remarkably, all participants were able to identify each of the three materials reliably, as well as the empty room. Furthermore, a whole brain analysis, in which we isolated the processing of just the reflected echoes, revealed a material-related increase in BOLD activation in a region of left parahippocampal cortex in the echolocating participants, but not in the blind or sighted control participants. Our results, in combination with previous findings about brain areas involved in material processing, are consistent with the idea that material processing by means of echolocation relies on a multi-modal material processing area in parahippocampal cortex
Differential repositioning of the second transmembrane helices from E. coli Tar and EnvZ upon moving the flanking aromatic residues.

Aromatic tuning, i.e. repositioning aromatic residues found at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane (TM) domains within bacterial receptors, has been previously shown to be an efficient way to modulate signal output from the aspartate chemoreceptor (Tar) and the major osmosensor EnvZ of Escherichia coli. In the case of Tar, changes in signal output consistent with the vertical position of the native Trp-Tyr aromatic tandem within TM2 were observed. In contrast, within EnvZ, where a Trp-Leu-Phe aromatic triplet was repositioned, the surface that the triplet resided upon was shown to be the major determinant governing signal output. However, these previous studies failed to determine whether moving the aromatic residues within TM2 of Tar or EnvZ was sufficient to physically reposition the TM helix within a membrane. Recent coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations predicted displacement of Tar TM2 upon moving the aromatic residues at the cytoplasmic end of TM2. Here, we have employed a glycosylation-mapping technique to demonstrate that repositioning the Trp-Tyr tandem within Tar TM2 is sufficient to displace the C-terminal boundary of the helix relative to the membrane. In a similar analysis of EnvZ, an abrupt initial displacement of TM2 was observed but no subsequent movement was seen, suggesting that the vertical position of TM2 is not governed by the location of the Trp-Leu-Phe triplet. In summary, our results support recent CG-MD simulations with aromatically tuned Tar segments that demonstrated that the Trp-Tyr tandem is sufficient to displace TM2 within a membrane. Our results also provide another set of experimental data, i.e. the resistance of EnvZ TM2 to being displaced upon aromatic tuning, which could be useful for subsequent refinement of the initial CG-MD simulations. We suggest that differences observed between the behavior of helices are due to the inherently different properties of the residues being repositioned (i.e. Trp or Tyr versus Phe). Finally, we discuss the limitations of these methodologies, how moving flanking aromatic residues might impact steady-state signal output and the potential to employ aromatic tuning in other bacterial membrane-spanning receptors
The dynamics of aloof baby Skyrmions.

The aloof baby Skyrme model is a (2+1)-dimensional theory with solitons that are lightly bound. It is a low-dimensional analogue of a similar Skyrme model in (3+1)-dimensions, where the lightly bound solitons have binding energies comparable to nuclei. A previous study of static solitons in the aloof baby Skyrme model revealed that multi-soliton bound states have a cluster structure, with constituents that preserve their individual identities due to the short-range repulsion and long-range attraction between solitons. Furthermore, there are many different local energy minima that are all well-described by a simple binary species particle model. In this paper we present the first results on soliton dynamics in the aloof baby Skyrme model. Numerical field theory simulations reveal that the lightly bound cluster structure results in a variety of exotic soliton scattering events that are novel in comparison to standard Skyrmion scattering. A dynamical version of the binary species point particle model is shown to provide a good qualitative description of the dynamics
Fractional P(phi)(1)-processes and Gibbs measures

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal Stochastic Processes and their Applications and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spa.2012.06.001We define and prove existence of fractional\ud
P(phi)1-processes as random processes generated by fractional Schrödinger semigroups with Kato-decomposable potentials.  Also, we show that the measure of such a process is a Gibbs measure with respect to the same potential.  We give conditions of its uniqueness and characterize its support relating this with intrinsic ultracontractivity properties of the semigroup and the fall-off of the ground state.  To achieve that we establish and analyze these properties first
Gifts to the Future: Design reasoning, design research and critical design practitioners

Set in the context of a particular orthodoxy about the history of design research over the last 50 years, this opinion piece selectively surveys some of the significant findings from research into what expert design reasoning entails. Using the conceit of a pool of knowledge—which has come about from many different design research agendas, using multiple methods, and with differing foci of attention—it indicates some of what we know about design reasoning as a phenomenon by taking three “scoops” from the pool. These scoops, respectively characterize design reasoning as navigating the swamp; having negative capability; and being concerned with framing. This material is then used to contrast expert design reasoning with salient features of some popular characterizations of design thinking. The contribution concludes with some comments on designer formation, centered on the necessity of proficiency in reflection implied by any goal to nurture critical design practitioners
Diaries for recovery from critical illness

Background:\ud
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During intensive care unit (ICU) admission, patients experience extreme physical and psychological stressors, including the abnormal ICU environment. These experiences impact on a patient’s recovery from critical illness and may result in both physical and psychological disorders. One strategy that has been developed and implemented by clinical staff to treat the psychological distress prevalent in ICU survivors is the use of patient diaries. These provide a background to the cause of the patient’s ICU admission and an ongoing narrative outlining day-to-day activities.\ud
Objectives\ud
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To assess the effect of a diary versus no diary on patients, and their caregivers or families, during the patient's recovery from admission to an ICU.\ud
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Search methods:\ud
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We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, Issue 1), Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to January 2014), EBSCOhost CINAHL (1982 to January 2014), Ovid EMBASE (1980 to January 2014), PsycINFO (1950 to January 2014), Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS) database (1971 to January 2014); Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science and Social Science and Humanities (1990 to January 2014); seven clinical trial registries and reference lists of identified trials. We applied no language restriction.\ud
Selection criteria\ud
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We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or clinical controlled trials (CCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of patient diaries, when compared to no ICU diary, for patients or family members to promote recovery after admission to ICU. Outcome measures for describing recovery from ICU included the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptomatology, health-related quality of life and costs.\ud
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Data collection and analysis:\ud
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We used standard methodological approaches as expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Two review authors independently reviewed titles for inclusion, extracted data and undertook risk of bias according to prespecified criteria
Search for W' to tb in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is performed for the production of a massive W' boson decaying to a
top and a bottom quark. The data analysed correspond to an integrated
luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the
LHC in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The hadronic decay products
of the top quark with high Lorentz boost from the W' boson decay are detected
as a single top flavoured jet. The use of jet substructure algorithms allows
the top quark jet to be distinguished from standard model QCD background.
Limits on the production cross section of a right-handed W' boson are obtained,
together with constraints on the left-handed and right-handed couplings of the
W' boson to quarks. The production of a right-handed W' boson with a mass below
2.02 TeV decaying to a hadronic final state is excluded at 95% confidence
level. This mass limit increases to 2.15 TeV when both hadronic and leptonic
decays are considered, and is the most stringent lower mass limit to date in
the tb decay mode.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
ULX behaviour: the ultraluminous state, winds & interesting anomalies

Recent evidence - in particular the hard X-ray spectra obtained by NuSTAR,
and the large amplitude hard X-ray variability observed when ultraluminous
X-ray sources (ULXs) show soft spectra - reveals that common ULX behaviour is
inconsistent with known sub-Eddington accretion modes, as would be expected for
an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Instead, it appears that the majority
of ULXs are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass black holes.
Here, we will review work that delves deeper into ULX spectral-timing
behaviour, demonstrating it remains consistent with the expectations of
super-Eddington accretion. One critical missing piece from this picture is the
direct detection of the massive, radiatively-driven winds expected from ULXs as
atomic emission/absorption line features in ULX spectra; we will show it is
very likely these have already been detected as residuals in the soft X-ray
spectra of ULXs. Finally, we will discuss ULXs that do not appear to conform to
the emerging ULX behaviour patterns. In particular we discuss the implications
of the identification of a good IMBH candidate as a background QSO; and the
confirmation of an IMBH/ULX candidate in the galaxy NGC 2276 via the
radio/X-ray fundamental plane.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of the 2015 XMM-Newton science
  workshop 'The extremes of black hole accretion', Madrid, 2015. Accepted for
  publication in Astronomische Nachrichte
The HI supershell GS 118+01-44 and its role in the interstellar medium

We carry out a multiwavelength study to characterize the HI supershell
designated GS 118+01-44, and to analyse its possible origin. A multiwavlength
study has been carried out to study the supershell and its environs. We
performed an analysis of the HI, CO, radio continuum, and infrared emission
distributions. The Canadian Galactic Plane Survey (CGPS) HI data reveals that
GS 118+01-44 is centred at (l, b) = (117.7, 1.4) with a systemic velocity of
-44.3 km/s. According to Galactic rotation models this structure is located at
3.0 +- 0.6 kpc from the Sun. There are several HII regions and three supernova
remnants (SNRs) catalogued in the region. On the other hand, the analysis of
the temperature spectral index distribution shows that in the region there is a
predominance of non-thermal emission. Infrared emission shows that cool
temperatures dominate the area of the supershell. Concerning the origin of the
structure, we found that even though several OB stars belonging to Cas OB5 are
located in the interior of GS 118+01-44, an analysis of the energy injected by
these stars through their stellar winds indicates that they do not have
sufficient energy to create GS 118+01-44. Therefore, an additional energy
source is needed to explain the genesis of GS 118+01-44. On the other hand, the
presence of several HII regions and young stellar object candidates in the
edges of GS 118+01-44 shows that the region is still active in forming new
stars.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian‑speaking populations.

There are two very different interpretations of the prehistory of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA), with genetic evidence invoked in support of both. The “out-of-Taiwan” model proposes a major Late Holocene expansion of Neolithic Austronesian speakers from Taiwan. An alternative, proposing that Late Glacial/postglacial sea-level rises triggered largely autochthonous dispersals, accounts for some otherwise enigmatic genetic patterns, but fails to explain the Austronesian language dispersal. Combining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome and genome-wide data, we performed the most comprehensive analysis of the region to date, obtaining highly consistent results across all three systems and allowing us to reconcile the models. We infer a primarily common ancestry for Taiwan/ISEA populations established before the Neolithic, but also detected clear signals of two minor Late Holocene migrations, probably representing Neolithic input from both Mainland Southeast Asia and South China, via Taiwan. This latter may therefore have mediated the Austronesian language dispersal, implying small-scale migration and language shift rather than large-scale expansion
Junctate, an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor associated protein, is present in rodent sperm and binds TRPC2 and TRPC5 but not TRPC1 channels.

International audienceThe acrosome reaction, the first step of the fertilization, is induced by calcium influx through Canonical Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRPC). The molecular nature of TRPC involved is still a debated question. In mouse, TRPC2 plays the most important role and is responsible for the calcium plateau. However, TRPC1 and TRPC5 are also localized in the acrosomal crescent of the sperm head and may participate in calcium signaling, especially in TRPC2-deficient mice. Activation of TRPC channels is an unresolved question in germ and somatic cells as well. In particular, in sperm, little is known concerning the molecular events leading to TRPC2 activation. From the discovery of IP3R binding domains on TRPC2, it has been suggested that TRPC channel activation may be due to a conformational coupling between IP3R and TRPC channels. Moreover, recent data demonstrate that junctate, an IP3R associated protein, participates also in the gating of some TRPC. In this study, we demonstrate that junctate is expressed in sperm and co-localizes with the IP3R in the acrosomal crescent of the anterior head of rodent sperm. Consistent with its specific localization, we show by pull-down experiments that junctate interacts with TRPC2 and TRPC5 but not with TRPC1. We focused on the interaction between TRPC2 and junctate, and we show that the N-terminus of junctate interacts with the C-terminus of TRPC2, both in vitro and in a heterologous expression system. We show that junctate binds to TRPC2 independently of the calcium concentration and that the junctate binding site does not overlap with the common IP3R/calmodulin binding sites. TRPC2 gating is downstream phospholipase C activation, which is a key and necessary step during the acrosome reaction. TRPC2 may then be activated directly by diacylglycerol (DAG), as in neurons of the vomeronasal organ. In the present study, we investigated whether DAG could promote the acrosome reaction. We found that 100 microM OAG, a permeant DAG analogue, was unable to trigger the acrosome reaction. Altogether, these results provide a new hypothesis concerning sperm TRPC2 gating: TRPC2 activation may be due to modifications of its interaction with both junctate and IP3R, induced by depletion of calcium from the acrosomal vesicle
Hydrothermalismes anté-Hercynien en Sud-Ibérie : apport de la géochimie isotopique du plomb.

International audienceLead isotope study has been performed on massive sulphide deposits of Ossa-Morena and Aracena Belt (South Iberia). Results suggest the existence of at least two ancient hydrothermal events. The first one, Upper Brioverian in age (not, vert, similar600-570 Ma), gave birth to Maria-Luisa and Puebla de la Reina massive sulphide deposits; it thus confirms the existence of a Cadomian orogen in South Iberia. Isotopic compositions indicate a local contribution of mantle-derived material (Maria Luisa mine), confirming the presence of ancient oceanic crust in Aracena Belt. This mineralising event seems to extend till the Armorican Massif. The second episode, Eo-Hercynian in age (not, vert, similar400-350 Ma) has allowed genesis of massive sulphide deposits of la Nava Paredon and Aguas Blancas, and could be coeval with the emplacement of South-Iberian massive sulphide ore deposits in the neighbouring South-Portuguese Zone. A more continental crustal source for later ore deposits could explain the much more important metal accumulation in this zone
The first attempt to create a national strategy for reducing waiting times in Poland : will it succeed?

The waiting lists package, proposed in March 2014, is the first attempt to create a national strategy to reduce waiting times for specialist care in Poland. The policy proposes a number of measures directed at primary, specialist ambulatory and hospital care with the goal of shifting patients to the lowest possible level of care. Initially, it has been welcomed by the patients and there has been, so far, no strong opposition against the reform from other stakeholders. However, this may be because there is some disbelief that the policy would actually be implemented (due to limited funding available for its implementation) and because some of the proposed changes are vague and have yet to be clarified. One stakeholder group that may obstruct the implementation of the reform, if they are not satisfied with the final shape of the proposed measures, is the primary care doctors. They are directly affected by the reform and enjoy a relatively strong bargaining position compared to other groups of medical professionals. Thus, the future of the reform remains uncertain