pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the transverse momentum spectrum of the Higgs boson produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV using H -> WW decays

The cross section for Higgs boson production in pp collisions is studied using the H → W+W− decay mode, followed by leptonic decays of the W bosons to an oppositely charged electron-muon pair in the final state. The measurements are performed using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb−1. The Higgs boson transverse momentum (pT) is reconstructed using the lepton pair pT and missing pT. The differential cross section times branching fraction is measured as a function of the Higgs boson pT in a fiducial phase space defined to match the experimental acceptance in terms of the lepton kinematics and event topology. The production cross section times branching fraction in the fiducial phase space is measured to be 39 ± 8 (stat) ± 9 (syst) fb. The measurements are found to agree, within experimental uncertainties, with theoretical calculations based on the standard model
Search for massive resonances decaying into pairs of boosted bosons in semi-leptonic final states at root s = 8 TeV

A search for new resonances decaying to WW, ZZ, or WZ is presented. Final states are considered in which one of the vector bosons decays leptonically and the other hadronically. Results are based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1recorded in proton-proton collisions at (Formula presented.) = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Techniques aiming at identifying jet substructures are used to analyze signal events in which the hadronization products from the decay of highly boosted W or Z bosons are contained within a single reconstructed jet. Upper limits on the production of generic WW, ZZ, or WZ resonances are set as a function of the resonance mass and width. We increase the sensitivity of the analysis by statistically combining the results of this search with a complementary study of the all-hadronic final state. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the bulk graviton production cross section in the range from 700 to 10 fb for resonance masses between 600 and 2500 GeV, respectively. These limits on the bulk graviton model are the most stringent to date in the diboson final state.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell’s inequality

Global, secure quantum channels will require efficient distribution of entangled photons. Long distance, low-loss interconnects can only be realized using photons as quantum information carriers. However, a quantum light source combining both high qubit fidelity and on-demand bright emission has proven elusive. Here, we show a bright photonic nanostructure generating polarization-entangled photon pairs that strongly violates Bell’s inequality. A highly symmetric InAsP quantum dot generating entangled photons is encapsulated in a tapered nanowire waveguide to ensure directional emission and efficient light extraction. We collect ~200 kHz entangled photon pairs at the first lens under 80 MHz pulsed excitation, which is a 20 times enhancement as compared to a bare quantum dot without a photonic nanostructure. The performed Bell test using the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality reveals a clear violation (SCHSH > 2) by up to 9.3 standard deviations. By using a novel quasi-resonant excitation scheme at the wurtzite InP nanowire resonance to reduce multi-photon emission, the entanglement fidelity (F = 0.817 ± 0.002) is further enhanced without temporal post-selection, allowing for the violation of Bell’s inequality in the rectilinear-circular basis by 25 standard deviations. Our results on nanowire-based quantum light sources highlight their potential application in secure data communication utilizing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution and quantum repeater protocols
Two-dimensional Dirac particles in a P\"oschl-Teller waveguide

We obtain exact solutions to the two-dimensional (2D) Dirac equation for the
one-dimensional P\"oschl-Teller potential which contains an asymmetry term. The
eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of Heun confluent functions, while the
eigenvalues are determined via the solutions of a simple transcendental
equation. For the symmetric case, the eigenfunctions of the supercritical
states are expressed as spheroidal wave functions, and approximate analytical
expressions are obtained for the corresponding eigenvalues. A universal
condition for any square integrable symmetric potential is obtained for the
minimum strength of the potential required to hold a bound state of zero
energy. Applications for smooth electron waveguides in 2D Dirac-Weyl systems
are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to mu+ mu- in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 and 8 TeV

A search for neutral Higgs bosons predicted in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) for mu+ mu- decay channels is presented. The analysis uses data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.3 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The search is sensitive to Higgs bosons produced through the gluon fusion process or in association with a bb quark pair. No statistically significant excess is observed in the mu+ mu- mass spectrum. Results are interpreted in the framework of several benchmark scenarios, and the data are used to set an upper limit on the MSSM parameter tan(beta) as a function of the mass of the pseudoscalar A boson in the range from 115 to 300 GeV. Model independent upper limits are given for the product of the cross section and branching fraction for gluon fusion and b quark associated production. They are the most stringent limits obtained to date in this channel
First observation of long-lived $\pi^+ \pi^-$ atoms

After observing and investigating the double-exotic $\pi^+\pi^-$ atom with the ground state lifetime $\tau$ of about $3 \times 10^{-15}$~s, the upgraded DIRAC experiment at the CERN PS accelerator observes for the first time long-lived states of the same atom with lifetimes of about $10^{-11}$~s and more. The number of characteristic pion pairs resulting from the breakup (ionisation) of long-lived $\pi^+\pi^-$ atoms amounts to $436\pm61$, corresponding to a signal-to-error ratio of better than 7 standard deviations. This observation opens a new possibility to measure energy differences between $p$ and $s$ atomic states and so to determine $\pi \pi$ scattering lengths
Unquenched flavor on the Higgs branch.

We construct the gravity duals of the Higgs branches of three-dimensional (four-dimensional) super Yang-Mills theories coupled to Nf quark flavors. The effect of the quarks on the color degrees of freedom is included, and corresponds on the gravity side to the backreaction of Nf flavor D6-branes (D7-branes) on the background of Nc color D2-branes (D3-branes). The Higgsing of the gauge group arises from the dissolution of some color branes inside the flavor branes. The dissolved color branes are represented by non-Abelian instantons whose backreaction is also included. The result is a cascading-like solution in which the effective number of color branes varies along the holographic direction. In the three-dimensional case the solution may include an arbitrary number of quasi-conformal (walking) regions
Phase transitions and baryogenesis from decays.

We study scenarios in which the baryon asymmetry is generated from the decay of a particle whose mass originates from the spontaneous breakdown of a symmetry. This is realized in many models, including low-scale leptogenesis and theories with classical scale invariance. Symmetry breaking in the early universe proceeds through a phase transition that gives the parent particle a time-dependent mass, which provides an additional departure from thermal equilibrium that could modify the efficiency of baryogenesis from out-of-equilibrium decays. We characterize the effects of various types of phase transitions and show that an enhancement in the baryon asymmetry from decays is possible if the phase transition is of the second order, although such models are typically fine-tuned. We also stress the role of new annihilation modes that deplete the parent particle abundance in models realizing such a phase transition, reducing the efficacy of baryogenesis. A proper treatment of baryogenesis in such models therefore requires the inclusion of the effects we study in this paper
Ground ice and slope sediments archiving Late Quaternary paleoenvironment and paleoclimate signals at the margins of Elgygytgyn Crater, NE Siberia

An accumulation terrace close to the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater in northeastern Siberia contains stratigraphic and periglacial evidence of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic history and permafrost dynamics during late Quaternary time. A succession of paleo active-layer depositsthat mirror environmental changes records periods favorable for the establishment and growth of ice-wedge polygonal networks and sediment variations. These two elements of the periglacial landscape serve as complementary paleoenvironmental archives that can be traced back to 14,000 cal yr BP. The slope sediments and the ground ice contained therein have prominent relative maxima and minima in properties (grain size, total organic content, oxygen isotopes). They document a regional early Holocene thermal maximum at about 9000 cal yr BP, followed by a transition to slightly cooler conditions, and a subsequent transition to slightly warmer conditions after about 4000 cal yr BP. Results from sedimentary analysis resemble morphological and geochemical (oxygen and hydrogen isotopes) results from ice wedge studies, in which successive generations of ice-wedge polygonal networks record warmer winters in late Holocene time. Moreover, peaks of light soluble cation contents and quartz-grain surface textures reveal distinct traces of cryogenic weathering. We propose a conclusive sedimentation model illustrating terrace formation in a permafrost terrain
Inverse Ramsey Problem of the Resource Misallocation Effect on Aggregate Productivity

This paper examines the extent to and the conditions under which resource misallocation negatively affects aggregate productivity in a model of heterogeneous firms to the highest degree. I analytically derive the minimum aggregate total factor productivity (TFP) under resource misallocation, when frictions are modeled as the taxes levied on a firm's output,
and the range of these taxes is provided. I find that the lower limit of the minimum aggregate TFP is the TFP under perfect substitute goods and constant returns to scale technology. Further, the minimum aggregate TFP is achieved
when the proportion of firms in the lowest tax level is small or when the TFP level of these firms is low.
Disentangling child and family influences on maternal expressed emotion toward children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

addresses: Institute for Disorders of Impulse and Attention, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, UK.types: Journal ArticleCopyright © 2011 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, including peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms, may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2011, Vol. 50, Issue 10, pp. 1042 – 1053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.07.006We used multi-level modelling of sibling-pair data to disentangle the influence of proband-specific and more general family influences on maternal expressed emotion (MEE) toward children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Experiences of hearing voices: analysis of a novel phenomenological survey

Background: Auditory hallucinations—or voices—are a common feature of many psychiatric disorders and are also experienced by individuals with no psychiatric history. Understanding of the variation in subjective experiences of hallucination is central to psychiatry, yet systematic empirical research on the phenomenology of auditory hallucinations remains scarce. We aimed to record a detailed and diverse collection of experiences, in the words of the people who hear voices themselves.\ud
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Methods: We made a 13 item questionnaire available online for 3 months. To elicit phenomenologically rich data, we designed a combination of open-ended and closed-ended questions, which drew on service-user perspectives and approaches from phenomenological psychiatry, psychology, and medical humanities. We invited people aged 16–84 years with experience of voice-hearing to take part via an advertisement circulated through clinical networks, hearing voices groups, and other mental health forums. We combined qualitative and quantitative methods, and used inductive thematic analysis to code the data and χ2 tests to test additional associations of selected codes.\ud
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Findings: Between Sept 9 and Nov 29, 2013, 153 participants completed the study. Most participants described hearing multiple voices (124 [81%] of 153 individuals) with characterful qualities (106 [69%] individuals). Less than half of the participants reported hearing literally auditory voices—70 (46%) individuals reported either thought-like or mixed experiences. 101 (66%) participants reported bodily sensations while they heard voices, and these sensations were significantly associated with experiences of abusive or violent voices (p=0·024). Although fear, anxiety, depression, and stress were often associated with voices, 48 (31%) participants reported positive emotions and 49 (32%) reported neutral emotions. Our statistical analysis showed that mixed voices were more likely to have changed over time (p=0·030), be internally located (p=0·010), and be conversational in nature (p=0·010).\ud
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Interpretation: This study is, to our knowledge, the largest mixed-methods investigation of auditory hallucination phenomenology so far. Our survey was completed by a diverse sample of people who hear voices with various diagnoses and clinical histories. Our findings both overlap with past large-sample investigations of auditory hallucination and suggest potentially important new findings about the association between acoustic perception and thought, somatic and multisensorial features of auditory hallucinations, and the link between auditory hallucinations and characterological entities
Search for heavy neutrinos or third-generation leptoquarks in final states with two hadronically decaying τ leptons and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV

A search for new particles has been conducted using events with two high transverse momentum (pT) τ leptons that decay hadronically, at least two high-$p_T$ jets, and missing transverse energy from the τ lepton decays. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions, collected by the CMS experiment in 2015 at $\sqrt{s}= 13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 $fb{−1}$. The results are interpreted in two physics models. The first model involves heavy right-handed neutrinos, $N_ℓ (ℓ = e, μ, τ)$, and right-handed charged bosons, $W_R$, arising in a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model. Masses of the WR boson below 2.35 (1.63) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming the $N_τ$ mass is 0.8 (0.2) times the mass of the $W_R$ boson and that only the $N_τ$ flavor contributes to the $W_R$ decay width. In the second model, pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks that decay into ττbb is considered. Third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 740 GeV are excluded, assuming a 100% branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a τ lepton and a bottom quark. This is the first search at hadron colliders for the third-generation Majorana neutrino, as well as the first search for third-generation leptoquarks in the final state with a pair of hadronically decaying τ leptons and jets
Australia’s mining interests within Nigeria and Libya: Policies, corruption and conflict

Crude petroleum remains the single most imported commodity into Australia and is sourced from a number of countries around the world (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), 2011a). While interest in crude petroleum is widespread, in recent years Australia's focus has been drawn to the continent of Africa, where increased political stability, economic recovery and an improved investment climate has made one of the largest oil reserves in the world increasingly more attractive. Despite improvement across the continent, there remain a number of risks which have the potential to significantly damage Australia's economic interests in the petroleum sector, including government policies and legislation, corruption and conflict. The longest exporters of crude petroleum products to Australia - Nigeria and Libya - have been subject to these factors in recent years and, accordingly, are the focus of this paper. Once identified, the impact of political instability, conflict, government corruption and other risk factors to Australia's mining interests within these countries is examined, and efforts to manage such risks are discussed.Full Tex
Search for new high-mass phenomena in the dilepton final state using 36 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s√=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is conducted for new resonant and non-resonant high-mass phenomena in dielectron and dimuon final states. The search uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data, collected at s√=13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015 and 2016. No significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction is observed. Upper limits at 95% credibility level are set on the cross-section times branching ratio for resonances decaying into dileptons, which are converted to lower limits on the resonance mass, up to 4.1 TeV for the E6-motivated Zχ′. Lower limits on the qqℓℓ contact interaction scale are set between 2.4 TeV and 40 TeV, depending on the model
Direct constraint on the distance of γ$^2$ Velorum from AMBER/VLTI observations

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from EDP Sciences via the DOI in this record.Context. Interferometry can provide spatially resolved observations of massive star binary systems and their colliding winds, which thus far have
been studied mostly with spatially unresolved observations.
Aims. We present the first AMBER/VLTI observations, taken at orbital phase 0.32, of the Wolf-Rayet and O (WR+O) star binary system
γ2 Velorum and use the interferometric observables to constrain its properties.
Methods. The AMBER/VLTI instrument was used with the telescopes UT2, UT3, and UT4 on baselines ranging from 46 m to 85 m. It delivered
spectrally dispersed visibilities, as well as differential and closure phases, with a resolution R = 1500 in the spectral band 1.95−2.17 µm. We
interpret these data in the context of a binary system with unresolved components, neglecting in a first approximation the wind-wind collision zone
flux contribution.
Results. Using WR- and O-star synthetic spectra, we show that the AMBER/VLTI observables result primarily from the contribution of the individual
components of the WR+O binary system. We discuss several interpretations of the residuals, and speculate on the detection of an additional
continuum component, originating from the free-free emission associated with the wind-wind collision zone (WWCZ), and contributing at most to
the observed K-band flux at the 5% level. Based on the accurate spectroscopic orbit and the Hipparcos distance, the expected absolute separation
and position angle at the time of observations were 5.1 ± 0.9 mas and 66 ± 15◦, respectively. However, using theoretical estimates for the spatial
extent of both continuum and line emission from each component, we infer a separation of 3.62+0.11
−0.30 mas and a position angle of 73+9
−11
◦, compatible
with the expected one. Our analysis thus implies that the binary system lies at a distance of 368+38
−13 pc, in agreement with recent spectrophotometric
estimates, but significantly larger than the Hipparcos value of 258+41
−31 pc.The AMBER project5 was founded by the French Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Max Planck Institute für Radioastronomie
(MPIfR) in Bonn, the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA) in Firenze,
the French Region “Provence Alpes Côte D’Azur” and the European Southern
Observatory (ESO). The CNRS funding has been made through the Institut
National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) and its Programmes Nationaux
(ASHRA, PNPS, PNP).
The OAA co-authors acknowledge partial support from MIUR grants to the
Arcetri Observatory: A LBT interferometric arm, and analysis of VLTI interferometric
data and From Stars to Planets: accretion, disk evolution and
planet formation and from INAF grants to the Arcetri Observatory Stellar and
Extragalactic Astrophysics with Optical Interferometry. C. Gil work was supported
in part by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through project
POCTI/CTE-AST/55691/2004 from POCTI, with funds from the European program
FEDER
Search for leptophobic Z' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for heavy narrow resonances decaying into four-lepton final states from cascade decays of a Z' boson has been performed using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. No excess of events over the standard model background expectation is observed. Upper limits for a benchmark model on the product of cross section and branching fraction for the production of these heavy narrow resonances are presented. The limit excludes leptophobic Z' bosons with masses below 2.5 TeV within the benchmark model. This is the first result to constrain a leptophobic Z' resonance in the four-lepton channel
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for events containing four top quarks (ttbar-ttbar) is reported from proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 inverse femtobarns. The analysis considers the single-lepton (e or mu)+jets and the opposite-sign dilepton (mu+mu-, mu+/- e-/+, or e+e-)+jets channels. It uses boosted decision trees to combine information on the global event and jet properties to distinguish between ttbar-ttbar and ttbar production. The number of events observed after all selection requirements is consistent with expectations from background and standard model signal predictions, and an upper limit is set on the cross section for ttbar-ttbar production in the standard model of 94 fb at 95% confidence level (10.2 times the prediction), with an expected limit of 118 fb. This is combined with the results from the published CMS search in the same-sign dilepton channel, resulting in an improved limit of 69 fb at 95% confidence level (7.4 times the prediction), with an expected limit of 71 fb. These are the strongest constraints on the rate of ttbar-ttbar production to date