pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tool wear monitoring using neuro-fuzzy techniques: a comparative study in a turning process

Tool wear detection is a key issue for tool condition monitoring. The maximization of useful tool life is frequently related with the optimization of machining processes. This paper presents two model-based approaches for tool wear monitoring on the basis of neuro-fuzzy techniques. The use of a neuro-fuzzy hybridization to design a tool wear monitoring system is aiming at exploiting the synergy of neural networks and fuzzy logic, by combining human reasoning with learning and connectionist structure. The turning process that is a well-known machining process is selected for this case study. A four-input (i.e., time, cutting forces, vibrations and acoustic emissions signals) single-output (tool wear rate) model is designed and implemented on the basis of three neuro-fuzzy approaches (inductive, transductive and evolving neuro-fuzzy systems). The tool wear model is then used for monitoring the turning process. The comparative study demonstrates that the transductive neuro-fuzzy model provides better error-based performance indices for detecting tool wear than the inductive neuro-fuzzy model and than the evolving neuro-fuzzy model
Student voice as a methodological issue in academic literacies research

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Higher Education Research & Development on 16 May 2012, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/07294360.2011.634382.Academic literacies research has been identiﬁed as an emerging but signiﬁcant ﬁeld in higher education. This article extends the discussions around methodology in academic literacies research by drawing on the current text and context debates in sociolinguistics and linguistic ethnography. It uses illustrations from a recent academic literacies research project to reﬂect on methodology and to emphasise the importance of a prolonged engagement with participants' writing practices and experiences as well as the collection and analysis of a range of types of data to allow the researcher to become more familiar with the context. Methods such as allowing students to interpret their own writing, classroom observation and students' written literacy histories gave the researcher real insights into the way students made connections to their own familiar contexts in order to learn. The research also highlighted the manner in which communication between students and teaching staff can break down because teachers misinterpret student utterances when they do not understand or know the contexts that the students are drawing on. At the same time, however, the researcher sounds some caution about the use of dialogue in ethnographic methodologies because communication is a two-way process and allocation of linguistic resources has been unequal. Therefore, where students' resources do not match the context, they may struggle to communicate with the interviewer and to interpret their written texts. In these cases, interviewees who are ﬁrst language speakers from privileged schooling backgrounds may be able to contextualise and interpret their writing more fully than interviewees who are speakers of English as a second or foreign language and who come from poorer rural schools
Thiophene-phenylene/naphthalene-based step-ladder copolymers

A series of step-ladder copolymers based on thiophene-phenylene-thiophene SL1-SL3 and thiophene-naphthylene-thiophene SL4 repeat units with varying lengths of the oligothiophene segment has been designed and synthesized via a microwave-assisted Stille-type cross-coupling reaction followed by a polymer-analogous cyclization reaction. The optical properties of the step-ladder copolymers have been investigated in detail, in particular at low temperature and in the solid-state. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7342-7353, 2008http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.2303
Powder Pattern Hyperfine Spectroscopy of Shallow- Donor Muonium Centres

Abstract  The hyperfine spectroscopy of muonium in II–VI semiconductors is reviewed, suggesting that whereas hydrogen is a deep-level defect in ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe, it constitutes a shallow donor in ZnO, CdS, CdSe and CdTe. Shallow and deep states coexist in CdTe. Using new data for ZnO, it is shown that the principal values of the muonium hyperfine tensor may be obtained with equal facility from measurements in longitudinal or in transverse magnetic field, and from samples that are polycrystalline powders or single crystals. Spin density on the central muon in the shallow states correlates with the electron binding energy or donor depth.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:102050221965
Defect recognition by means of light and electron probe techniques for the characterization of mc-Si wafers and solar cells

Producción CientíficaMulticristalline Silicon (mc-Si) is the preferred material for current terrestrial photovoltaic applications. However, the high density of defects present in mc-Si deteriorates the material properties, in particular the minority carrier diffusion length. For this reason, a large effort to characterize the mc-Si material is demanded, aiming to visualize the defective areas and to quantify the type of defects, density and its origin. In this work, several complementary light and electron probe techniques are used for the analysis of both mc-Si wafers and solar cells. These techniques comprise both fast and whole-area detection techniques such as Photoluminescence imaging, and highly spatially resolved time consuming techniques, such as light and electron beam induced current techniques and μRaman spectroscopy. These techniques were applied to the characterization of different mc-Si wafers for solar cells, e.g. ribbon wafers, cast mc-Si as well as quasi-monocrystalline material, upgraded metallurgical mc-Si wafers, and finished solar cells.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación - Ref. VA166A11-2)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Proyect IPT-420000-2010-022 INNPACTO)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Project ENE2014-56069-C4-4-R
Direct observation of geometric phases using a three-pinhole
  interferometer

We present a method to measure the geometric phase defined for three internal
states of a photon (polarizations) using a three-pinhole interferometer. From
the interferogram, we can extract the geometric phase related to the
three-vertex Bargmann invariant as the area of a triangle formed by
interference fringes. Unlike the conventional methods, our method does not
involve the state evolution. Moreover, the phase calibration of the
interferometer and the elimination of the dynamical phase are not required. The
gauge invariance of the geometric phase corresponds to the fact that the area
of the triangle is never changed by the local phase shift in each internal
state
Effective dynamics of twisted and curved scroll waves using virtual
  filaments

Scroll waves are three-dimensional excitation patterns that rotate around a
central filament curve; they occur in many physical, biological and chemical
systems. We explicitly derive the equations of motion for scroll wave filaments
in reaction-diffusion systems with isotropic diffusion up to third order in the
filament's twist and curvature. The net drift components define at every
instance of time a virtual filament which lies close to the instantaneous
filament. Importantly, virtual filaments obey simpler, time-independent laws of
motion which we analytically derive here and illustrate with numerical
examples. Stability analysis of scroll waves is performed using virtual
filaments, showing that filament curvature and twist add as quadratic terms to
the nominal filament tension. Applications to oscillating chemical reactions
and cardiac tissue are discussed.Comment: 28 page
Role of isospin in the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition

We study the thermodynamics of asymmetric nuclear matter using a mean field
approximation with a Skyrme effective interaction, in order to establish its
phase diagram and more particularly the influence of isospin on the order of
the transition. A new statistical method is introduced to study the
thermodynamics of a multifluid system, keeping only one density fixed the
others being replaced by their intensive conjugated variables. In this ensemble
phase coexistence reduces to a simple one dimensional Maxwell construction. For
a fixed temperature under a critical value, a coexistence line is obtained in
the plane of neutron and proton chemical potentials. Along this line the grand
potential presents a discontinuous slope showing that the transition is first
order except at the two ending points where it becomes second order. This
result is not in contradiction with the already reported occurrence of a
continuous transformation when a constant proton fraction is imposed. Indeed,
the proton fraction being an order parameter in asymmetric matter, the
constraint can only be fulfilled by gradual phase mixing along the first-order
phase transition line leading to a continuous pressure.Comment: To appear in Nuclear Physics
Identity-by-descent mapping in a Scandinavian multiple sclerosis cohort

In an attempt to map chromosomal regions carrying rare gene variants contributing to the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), we identified segments shared identical-by-descent (IBD) using the software BEAGLE 4.0’s refined IBD analysis. IBD mapping aims at identifying segments inherited from a common ancestor and shared more frequently in case–case pairs. A total of 2106 MS patients of Nordic origin and 624 matched controls were genotyped on Illumina Human Quad 660 chip and an additional 1352 ethnically matched controls typed on Illumina HumanHap 550 and Illumina 1M were added. The quality control left a total of 441 731 markers for the analysis. After identification of segments shared by descent and significance testing, a filter function for markers with low IBD sharing was applied. Four regions on chromosomes 5, 9, 14 and 19 were found to be significantly associated with the risk for MS. However, all markers but for one were located telomerically, including the very distal markers. For methodological reasons, such segments have a low sharing of IBD signals and are prone to be false positives. One marker on chromosome 19 reached genome-wide significance and was not one of the distal markers. This marker was located within the GNA11 gene, which contains no previous association with MS. We conclude that IBD mapping is not sufficiently powered to identify MS risk loci even in ethnically relatively homogenous populations, or that alternatively rare variants are not adequately present
Sudakov Effects in Electroweak Corrections

In perturbation theory the infrared structure of the electroweak interactions
produces large corrections proportional to double logarithms log^2 (s/m^2),
similar to Sudakov logarithms in QED, when the scale s is much larger than the
typical mass m of the particles running in the loops. These energy growing
corrections can be particularly relevant for the planned Next Linear Colliders.
We study these effects in the Standard Model for the process e+ e^->f fbar and
we compare them with similar corrections coming from SUSY loops
An adaptive multi-level simulation algorithm for stochastic biological systems

Discrete-state, continuous-time Markov models are widely used in the modeling of biochemical reaction networks. Their complexity often precludes analytic solution, and we rely on stochastic simulation algorithms to estimate system statistics. The Gillespie algorithm is exact, but computationally costly as it simulates every single reaction. As such, approximate stochastic simulation algorithms such as the tau-leap algorithm are often used. Potentially computationally more efficient, the system statistics generated suffer from significant bias unless tau is relatively small, in which case the computational time can be comparable to that of the Gillespie algorithm. The multi-level method (Anderson and Higham, Multiscale Model. Simul. 10:146--179, 2012) tackles this problem. A base estimator is computed using many (cheap) sample paths at low accuracy. The bias inherent in this estimator is then reduced using a number of corrections. Each correction term is estimated using a collection of paired sample paths where one path of each pair is generated at a higher accuracy compared to the other (and so more expensive). By sharing random variables between these paired paths the variance of each correction estimator can be reduced. This renders the multi-level method very efficient as only a relatively small number of paired paths are required to calculate each correction term. In the original multi-level method, each sample path is simulated using the tau-leap algorithm with a fixed value of $\tau$. This approach can result in poor performance when the reaction activity of a system changes substantially over the timescale of interest. By introducing a novel, adaptive time-stepping approach where $\tau$ is chosen according to the stochastic behaviour of each sample path we extend the applicability of the multi-level method to such cases. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method using a number of examples
Barriers to the adoption of photovoltaic systems: The state of the art

Although photovoltaic (PV) systems have become much more competitive, the diffusion of PV systems still remains low in comparison to conventional energy sources. What are the current barriers hindering the diffusion of PV systems? In order to address this, we conducted an extensive and systematic literature review based on the Web of Science database. Our state-of-the-art review shows that, despite the rapid development and maturity of the technology during the past few years, the adoption of PV systems still faces several barriers. The wide adoption of PV systems-either as a substitute for other electricity power generation systems in urban areas or for rural electrification-is a challenging process. Our results show that the barriers are evident for both low- and high-income economies, encompassing four dimensions: sociotechnical, management, economic, and policy. Although the barriers vary across context, the lessons learned from one study can be valuable to others. The involvement of all stakeholders-adopters, local communities, firms, international organizations, financial institutions, and government-is crucial to foster the adoption
Climate change mitigation through livestock system transitions

Livestock are responsible for 12% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable intensification of livestock production systems might become a key climate mitigation technology. However, livestock production systems vary substantially, making the implementation of climate mitigation policies a formidable challenge. Here, we provide results from an economic model using a detailed and high-resolution representation of livestock production systems. We project that by 2030 autonomous transitions toward more efficient systems would decrease emissions by 736 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MtCO2e/y), mainly through avoided emissions from the conversion of 162 Mha of natural land. A moderate mitigation policy targeting emissions from both the agricultural and land-use change sectors with a carbon price of US$10 per tCO2e could lead to an abatement of 3,223 MtCO2e/y. Livestock system transitions would contribute 21% of the total abatement, intra- and interregional relocation of livestock production another 40%, and all other mechanisms would add 39%. A comparable abatement of 3,068 MtCO2e/y could be achieved also with a policy targeting only emissions from land-use change. Stringent climate policies might lead to reductions in food availability of up to 200 kcal per capita per day globally. We find that mitigation policies targeting emissions from land-use change are 5 to 10 times more efficient -- measured in "total abatement calorie cost" -- than policies targeting emissions from livestock only. Thus, fostering transitions toward more productive livestock production systems in combination with climate policies targeting the land-use change appears to be the most efficient lever to deliver desirable climate and food availability outcomes
Mechanical response of UO2 single crystals submitted to low-energy ion irradiation

International audience{111}- and {100}-oriented UO2 single crystals were irradiated with 500-keV Ce3+ ions in the 1014 - 9x1014 cm-2 fluence range. The irradiation-induced strain was monitored using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. A mechanical modelling dedicated to thin irradiated layers was applied to account for the reaction of the unirradiated part of the crystals. The elastic strain, which is confined along the surface normal of the samples, increases with ion fluence until it is dramatically relieved. This behaviour is observed for both orientations. While the measured elastic strain depends on the crystallographic direction, the strain due to irradiation defects only is found to be equal for both directions, with a maximum value of ∼0.5%. Strain relaxation takes place at the damage peak, but the in-plane lattice parameter of the irradiated layer remains unchanged and equal to that of the pristine material. Meanwhile, the strain at the damaged/pristine interface continues to increase
Observation of water vapor in the stratosphere of Jupiter with the Odin Space Telescope.

International audienceThe water vapor line at 557 GHz has been observed with the Odin space telescope with a high signal-to-noise ratio and a high spectral resolution on November 8, 2002. The analysis of this observation as well as a re-analysis of previously published observations obtained with the SubmillimeterWavelength Astronomy Satellite seem to favor a cometary origin (Shoemaker-Levy 9) for water in the stratosphere of Jupiter, in agreement with the ISO observation results. Our model predicts that the water line should become fainter and broader from 2007. The observation of such a temporal variablity would be contradictory with an IDP steady flux, thussupporting the SL9 source hypothesis
Mineral sequestration of CO2 by aqueous carbonation of coal combustion fly-ash

International audienceThe increasing CO2 concentration in the Earth's atmosphere, mainly caused by fossil fuel combustion, has led to concerns about global warming. A technology that could possibly contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions is the in-situ mineral sequestration (long term geological storage) or the ex-situ mineral sequestration (controlled industrial reactors) of CO2. In the present study, we propose to use coal combustion fly-ash, an industrial waste that contains about 4.1 wt.% of lime (CaO), to sequester carbon dioxide by aqueous carbonation. The carbonation reaction was carried out in two successive chemical reactions, first, the irreversible hydration of lime. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 second, the spontaneous carbonation of calcium hydroxide suspension. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O A significant CaO–CaCO3 chemical transformation (approximately 82% of carbonation efficiency) was estimated by pressure-mass balance after 2 h of reaction at 30 °C. In addition, the qualitative comparison of X-ray diffraction spectra for reactants and products revealed a complete CaO–CaCO3 conversion. The carbonation efficiency of CaO was independent on the initial pressure of CO2 (10, 20, 30 and 40 bar) and it was not significantly affected by reaction temperature (room temperature “20–25”, 30 and 60 °C) and by fly-ash dose (50, 100, 150 g). The kinetic data demonstrated that the initial rate of CO2 transfer was enhanced by carbonation process for our experiments. The precipitate calcium carbonate was characterized by isolated micrometric particles and micrometric agglomerates of calcite (SEM observations). Finally, the geochemical modelling using PHREEQC software indicated that the final solutions (i.e. after reaction) are supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (0.7 ≤ saturation index ≤ 1.1). This experimental study demonstrates that 1 ton of fly-ash could sequester up to 26 kg of CO2, i.e. 38.18 ton of fly-ash per ton of CO2 sequestered. This confirms the possibility to use this alkaline residue for CO2 mitigation
A Fast Method for Abrupt Change Detection from Large-Scale Electrocardiogram (ECG) Time Series

Part 7: e-Health, the New Frontier of Service Science InnovationInternational audienceIn previous work, we proposed a promising method, named HWBST, for Change-Point (CP) detection from time series. However, the performance of HWBST is affected partly by the search criteria in terms of Binary Search Tree (BST). In this paper, we propose an improved method for fast CP detection from large-scale ECG time series, based on multi-level Haar Wavelet and Ternary Search Tree (HWTST, for short). In this method, we construct a ternary search tree termed TSTcD from a diagnosed time series by using multi-level HW. Then, we implement fast detection abrupt change from root to leaf nodes in TSTcD, by introducing two search criteria in terms of the data fluctuation in the left, right, and virtual middle branches of TSTcD. Based on the assembled and abnormal ECG samples, we evaluate the proposed HWTST by comparing with HWBST, KS, and T methods. The results show that the proposed HWTST is a faster and more efficient than HWBST, KS and T in terms of the computation time, error, accuracy, and distance of e.c.d.f
A Research on Interaction and Merging between Modern Manufacturing and Producer Services

Part 3: Finance and Service ScienceInternational audienceThe paper defines modern manufacturing and producer services and analyzes the interaction mechanism between these two industries from the perspectives of professional labor division, outsourcing, the production value chain and the ecological community respectively. It reaches the conclusion that a merging mode of interaction is the future development for modern manufacturing and producer services, and that it is imperative to boost such a merging mode in the industrialization of China
Triggering the development of electric mobility: a review of public policies

libre accès au texte intégral : http://www.springerlink.com/content/ghq570268853q546/fulltext.pdfInternational audienceContext The fundamental challenge of a massive deployment of electric mobility is the reduction of transportation's impact on climate. Hereby derived challenges specifically concern: (a) the organization of mobility together with the uptake of recharge infrastructure, (b) the interaction of the electric mobility system with the electricity net, hereby considering the energy storage function of batteries, (c) the technological progress and the industrial production of vehicles and various components. Overall, these stakes involve the community more than the individual vehicle user. Objective This paper analyses public policies and projects in favour of electric mobility based on private or shared vehicle usage. An international review of national policies and regional projects is given. The conditions for availability and attractiveness of an electric mobility system to potential users are discussed, notably so with respect to the deployment of the recharging infrastructure and its adequacy to existing land-use patterns. Conclusion Current policy approaches supporting the uptake of electric mobility are promising. For the time being, however, the complexity of the electromobility system impedes a valid conclusion on the effectiveness of measures put in place. Besides public policy intervention mainly also economic, technical and industrial factors will define the success of e-mobility. Upcoming years will allow first ex-post policy analyses