pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
On the origin of the dressing phase in N=4 Super Yang-Mills

We derive the phase factor proposed by Beisert, Eden and Staudacher for the
S-matrix of planar N=4 Super Yang-Mills, from the all-loop Bethe ansatz
equations without the dressing factor. We identify a configuration of the Bethe
roots, from which the closed integral formula of the phase factor is reproduced
in the thermodynamic limit. This suggests that our configuration describes the
``physical vacuum'' in the sense that the dressing phase is nothing but the
effective phase for the scattering of fundamental excitations above this
vacuum, providing an interesting clue to the physical origin of the dressing
phase.Comment: 8 pages, no figures; (v2) comments and references added; (v3) changes
  in presentation and titl
Kappa-Symmetry of Green-Schwarz Actions in Coset Superspaces

The nature of $\kappa$-symmmetry transformations is examined for p-branes
embedded in a class of coset superspaces G/H, where G is an appropriate
supergroup and H is the Lorentz subgroup. It is shown that one of the
conditions $\delta Z^M E_M{}^a = 0$ which characterizes $\kappa$-symmetry
transformations arises very naturally if they are implemented in terms of a
right action of a subgroup of the supergroup G on the supergroup elements which
represent the coset. Unlike the global left action of G on G/H (which gives
rise to supersymmetry on the coset superspace), there is no canonically defined
right action of G on G/H. However, an interpretation of this right action
involving an enlargement of the isotropy group from the Lorentz subgroup to a
subgroup of G with generators which include some of the fermionic generators of
G is suggested. Closure of the generators of this larger subgroup under
commutation leads to the usual `brane scan' for p-branes which have bosonic
degrees of freedom which are worldvolume scalars.Comment: Latex, 25 pages, embarrassing omission of `=0' in abstract corrected,
  references updated, section on kappa-symmetry for flat superspaces adde
Search for production of vector-like quark pairs and of four top quarks
  in the lepton-plus-jets final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV
  with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of vector-like quarks, both up-type ($T$) and
down-type ($B$), as well as for four-top-quark production, is presented. The
search is based on $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV recorded in 2012 with
the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb$^{-1}$. Data are analysed in the
lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon
with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple
jets. Dedicated analyses are performed targeting three cases: a $T$ quark with
significant branching ratio to a $W$ boson and a $b$-quark ($T\bar{T} \to
Wb$+X), and both a $T$ quark and a $B$ quark with significant branching ratio
to a Higgs boson and a third-generation quark ($T\bar{T} \to Ht$+X and
$B\bar{B} \to Hb$+X respectively). No significant excess of events above the
Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL lower limits are derived on
the masses of the vector-like $T$ and $B$ quarks under several branching ratio
hypotheses assuming contributions from $T \to Wb$, $Zt$, $Ht$ and $B \to Wt$,
$Zb$, $Hb$ decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the $T$ quark mass range
between 715 GeV and 950 GeV for all possible values of the branching ratios
into the three decay modes, and are the most stringent constraints to date.
Additionally, the most restrictive upper bounds on four-top-quark production
are set in a number of new physics scenarios.Comment: 67 pages + author list + cover pages (84 pages total), 33 figures, 10
  tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2013-18
Neutron Stars—Cooling and Transport

Observations of thermal radiation from neutron stars can potentially provide information about the states of supranuclear matter in the interiors of these stars with the aid of the theory of neutron-star thermal evolution. We review the basics of this theory for isolated neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, including most relevant thermodynamic and kinetic properties in the stellar core, crust, and blanketing envelopes.The work of A.P. on the effects of strong magnetic fields on blanketing envelopes (Sect. 5.2 and Appendix B) has been supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-12-00316)
Bar pattern speeds in CALIFA galaxies I. Fast bars across the Hubble sequence

Context. The bar pattern speed (Ω_b) is defined as the rotational frequency of the bar, and it determines the bar dynamics. Several methods have been proposed for measuring Ω_b. The non-parametric method proposed by Tremaine & Weinberg (1984, ApJ, 282, L5; TW) and based on stellar kinematics is the most accurate. This method has been applied so far to 17 galaxies, most of them SB0 and SBa types. Aims. We have applied the TW method to a new sample of 15 strong and bright barred galaxies, spanning a wide range of morphological types from SB0 to SBbc. Combining our analysis with previous studies, we investigate 32 barred galaxies with their pattern speed measured by the TW method. The resulting total sample of barred galaxies allows us to study the dependence of Ω_b on galaxy properties, such as the Hubble type. Methods. We measured Ω_b using the TW method on the stellar velocity maps provided by the integral-field spectroscopy data from the CALIFA survey. Integral-field data solve the problems that long-slit data present when applying the TW method, resulting in the determination of more accurate Ω_b. In addition, we have also derived the ratio R of the corotation radius to the bar length of the galaxies. According to this parameter, bars can be classified as fast (R < 1.4) and slow (R > 1.4). Results. For all the galaxies, R is compatible within the errors with fast bars. We cannot rule out (at 95% level) the fast bar solution for any galaxy. We have not observed any significant trend between R and the galaxy morphological type. Conclusions. Our results indicate that independent of the Hubble type, bars have been formed and then evolve as fast rotators. This observational result will constrain the scenarios of formation and evolution of bars proposed by numerical simulations
Neutral pion and η meson production in proton– proton collisions at √s = 0.9 TeV and √s = 7 TeV

The first measurements of the invariant differential cross sections of inclusive π0 and η meson production at mid-rapidity in proton–proton collisions at √s = 0.9 TeV and √s = 7 TeV are reported. The π0 measurement covers the ranges 0.4 &lt; pT &lt; 7 GeV/c and 0.3 &lt; pT &lt; 25 GeV/c for these two energies, respectively. The production of η mesons was measured at √s = 7 TeV in the range 0.4 &lt; pT &lt; 15 GeV/c. Next-to-Leading Order perturbative QCD calculations, which are consistent with the π0 spectrum at √s = 0.9 TeV, overestimate those of π0 and η mesons at √s = 7 TeV, but agree with the measured η/π0 ratio at √s =7 TeV
Measurement of the cross section ratio σttbb/σttjj in pp collisions at √s=8 TeV

The first measurement of the cross section ratio View the MathML sourceσtt¯bb¯/σtt¯jj is presented using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb−1 collected in pp collisions at View the MathML sources=8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Events with two leptons (e or μ ) and four reconstructed jets, including two identified as b quark jets, in the final state are selected. The ratio is determined for a minimum jet transverse momentum pTpT of both 20 and 40 GeV/c . The measured ratio is View the MathML source0.022±0.003(stat)±0.005(syst) for pT&gt;20 GeV/cpT&gt;20 GeV/c. The absolute cross sections View the MathML sourceσtt¯bb¯ and View the MathML sourceσtt¯jj are also measured. The measured ratio for pT&gt;40 GeV/cpT&gt;40 GeV/c is compatible with a theoretical quantum chromodynamics calculation at next-to-leading order
Analysis of the pion-kaon sigma term and related topics

We calculate the one-loop contributions to the difference Delta(piK) between the isoscalar on-shell pion-kaon scattering amplitude at the Cheng-Dashen point and the scalar form factor Gamma(K)(2M(pi)(2)) in the framework of three flavor chiral perturbation theory. These corrections turn out to be small. This is further sharpened by treating the kaons as heavy fields (two flavor chiral perturbation theory). We also analyze the two-loop corrections to the kaon scalar form factor based on a dispersive technique, We find that these corrections are smaller than in the comparable case of the scalar form factor of the pion, This is related to the weaker final state interactions in the pion-kaon channel
Invisible Z ′ and dark matter: LHC vs LUX constraints

We consider a simple, yet generic scenario in which a new heavy Z ′ gauge boson couples both to SM fermions and to dark matter. In this framework we confront the best LHC limits on an extra gauge boson Z ′ to the constraints on couplings to dark matter from direct detection experiments. In particular we show that the LHC searches for resonant production of dileptons and the recent exclusion limits obtained by the LUX collaboration give complementary constraints. Together, they impose strong bounds on the invisible branching ratio and exclude a large part of the parameter space for generic Z ′ models. Our study encompasses many possible Z ′ models, including SSM, E 6 -inspired or B-L scenario
LHC constraints on the Lee–Wick Higgs sector

We determine constraints on the Lee–Wick Higgs sector obtained from the full LHC Higgs boson data set. We determine the current lower bound on the heavy neutral Lee–Wick scalar, as well as projected bounds at a 14 TeV LHC with 300 and 3000 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity. We point out that the first sign of new physics in this model may be the observation of a deviation from standard model expectations of the lighter neutral Higgs signal strengths corresponding to production via gluon–gluon fusion and decay to either tau or Z pairs. The signal strength of the latter is greater than the standard model expectation, unlike most extensions of the standard model
A functional RG equation for the c -function

After showing how to prove the integrated c -theorem within the functional RG framework based on the effective average action, we derive an exact RG flow equation for Zamolodchikov’s c -function in two dimensions by relating it to the flow of the effective average action. In order to obtain a non-trivial flow for the c -function, we will need to understand the general form of the effective average action away from criticality, where nonlocal invariants, with beta functions as coefficients, must be included in the ansatz to be consistent. Then we apply our construction to several examples: exact results, local potential approximation and loop expansion. In each case we construct the relative approximate c -function and find it to be consistent with Zamolodchikov’s c -theorem. Finally, we present a relation between the c -function and the (matter induced) beta function of Newton’s constant, allowing us to use heat kernel techniques to compute the RG running of the c -function
Aptamer-MIP hybrid receptor for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of prostate specific antigen

This study reports the design and evaluation of a new synthetic receptor sensor based on the amalgamation of biomolecular recognition elements and molecular imprinting to overcome some of the challenges faced by conventional protein imprinting. A thiolated DNA aptamer with established affinity for prostate specific antigen (PSA) was complexed with PSA prior to being immobilised on the surface of a gold electrode. Controlled electropolymerisation of dopamine around the complex served to both entrap the complex, holding the aptamer in, or near to, it’s binding conformation, and to localise the PSA binding sites at the sensor surface. Following removal of PSA, it was proposed that the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) cavity would act synergistically with the embedded aptamer to form a hybrid receptor (apta-MIP), displaying recognition properties superior to that of aptamer alone. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate subsequent rebinding of PSA to the apta-MIP surface. The apta-MIP sensor showed high sensitivity with a linear response from 100 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml of PSA and a limit of detection of 1 pg/ml, which was three-fold higher than aptamer alone sensor for PSA. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated low cross-reactivity with a homologous protein (human Kallikrein 2) and low response to human serum albumin (HSA), suggesting possible resilience to the non-specific binding of serum proteins
A tunable amorphous p-type ternary oxide system:the highly mismatched alloy of copper tin oxide

The approach of combining two mismatched materials to form an amorphous alloy was used to synthesise ternary oxides of CuO and SnO2. These materials were analysed across a range of compositions, and the electronic structure was modelled using density functional theory. In contrast to the gradual reduction in optical band gap, the films show a sharp reduction in both transparency and electrical resistivity with copper contents greater than 50%. Simulations indicate that this change is caused by a transition from a dominant Sn 5s to Cu 3d contribution to the upper valence band. A corresponding decrease in energetic disorder results in increased charge percolation pathways: a “compositional mobility edge.” Contributions from Cu(II) sub band-gap states are responsible for the reduction in optical transparency
Normal faults and thrusts re-activated by deep fluids: the 6 April 2009 Mw 6.3 L’Aquila earthquake, central Italy.

On April 6 2009, a Mw=6.3 earthquake occurred in the central Apennines (Italy) damaging L’Aquila city and the surrounding country. We relocate the October 2008-April 6 2009 foreshocks and about 2000 aftershocks occurred between April 6 and April 30 2009, by applying a double-difference technique and determine the stress field from focal mechanisms. The events concentrate in the upper 15 km of the crust. Three main NW-SE to NNW-SSE striking, 30°-45° and 80°-90° dipping faults activate during the seismic sequence. Among these, a normal fault and a thrust were re-activated with dip-slip movements in response to NE-SW extension. The structural maturity of the seismogenic fault system is lower than that displayed by other systems in southern Apennines, because of the lower strain rate of the central sector of the chain with respect to the southern one. VP/VS increases progressively from October 2008 to the April 6 2009 mainshock occurrence along a NW-SE strike due to an increment in pore fluid pressure along the fault planes. Pore pressure diffusion controls the space-time evolution of aftershocks. A hydraulic diffusivity of 80 m2/s and a seismogenic permeability of about 10-12 m2 suggest the involvement of gas-rich (CO2) fluids within a highly fractured medium. Suprahydrostatic, high fluid pressure (about 200 MPa at 10 km of depth) within overpressurized traps, bounded by pre-existing structural and/or lithological discontinuities at the lower-upper crust boundary, are required to activate the April 2009 sequence. Traps are the storage zone of CO2-rich fluids uprising from the underlying, about 20 km deep, metasomatized mantle wedge. These traps easily occur in extensional regimes like in the axial sector of Apennines, but are difficult to form in strike-slip regimes, where sub-vertical faults may cross the entire crust. In the Apennines, fluids may activate faults responsible for earthquakes up to Mw=5-6. Deep fluids more than tectonic stress may control the seismotectogenesis of accretionary wedges
Geomorphology and weathering characteristics of erratic boulder trains on Tierra del Fuego, southernmost South America : implications for dating of glacial deposits.

Erratic boulder trains (EBTs) are a useful glacial geomorphological feature because they reveal former ice flow trajectories and can be targeted for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating. However, understanding how they are transported and deposited is important because this has implications for palaeoglaciological reconstructions and the pre-exposure and/or erosion of the boulders. In this study, we review previous work on EBTs, which indicates that they may form subglacially or supraglacially but that large angular boulders transported long distances generally reflect supraglacial transport. We then report detailed observations of EBTs from Tierra del Fuego, southernmost South America, where their characteristics provide a useful framework for the interpretation of previously published cosmogenic nuclide exposure dates. We present the first comprehensive map of the EBTs and analyse their spatial distribution, size, and physical appearance. Results suggest that they were produced by one or more supraglacial rock avalanches in the Cordillera Darwin and were then transported supraglacially for 100s of kilometres before being deposited. Rock surface weathering analysis shows no significant difference in the weathering characteristics of a sequence of EBTs, previously hypothesized to be of significantly different age (i.e., different glacial cycles). We interpret this to indicate that the EBTs are much closer in age than previous work has implied. This emphasises the importance of understanding EBT formation when using them for cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating
Feature Relevance in Ward???s Hierarchical Clustering Using the Lp Norm

In this paper we introduce a new hierarchical clustering algorithm called Ward p . Unlike the original Ward, Ward p generates feature weights, which can be seen as feature rescaling factors thanks to the use of the L p norm. The feature weights are cluster dependent, allowing a feature to have different degrees of relevance at different clusters. We validate our method by performing experiments on a total of 75 real-world and synthetic datasets, with and without added features made of uniformly random noise. Our experiments show that: (i) the use of our feature weighting method produces results that are superior to those produced by the original Ward method on datasets containing noise features; (ii) it is indeed possible to estimate a good exponent p under a totally unsupervised framework. The clusterings produced by Ward p are dependent on p. This makes the estimation of a good value for this exponent a requirement for this algorithm, and indeed for any other also based on the Lp norm
Search for excited leptons in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8
  TeV

A search for compositeness of electrons and muons is presented using a data
sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8
TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. Excited leptons (l*) produced
via contact interactions in conjunction with a standard model lepton are
considered, and a search is made for their gauge decay modes. The decays
considered are l* to l + gamma and l* to l + Z, which give final states of two
leptons and a photon or, depending on the Z-boson decay mode, four leptons or
two leptons and two jets. The number of events observed in data is consistent
with the standard model prediction. Exclusion limits are set on the excited
lepton mass, and the compositeness scale Lambda. For the case M(l*) = Lambda
the existence of excited electrons (muons) is excluded up to masses of 2.45
(2.47) TeV at 95% confidence level. Neutral current decays of excited leptons
are considered for the first time, and limits are extended to include the
possibility that the weight factors f and f', which determine the couplings
between standard model leptons and excited leptons via gauge mediated
interactions, have opposite sign.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
  Figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-14-015/index.htm
A search for prompt lepton-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV
  with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for a new, light boson with a mass of about 1 GeV and
decaying promptly to jets of collimated electrons and/or muons (lepton-jets).
The analysis is performed with 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected by the ATLAS
detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton--proton collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. Events are required to contain at least two
lepton-jets. This study finds no statistically significant deviation from
predictions of the Standard Model and places 95\% confidence-level upper limits
on the contribution of new phenomena beyond the SM, incuding SUSY-portal and
Higgs-portal models, on the number of events with lepton-jets.Comment: 34 pages plus author list + 1 cover pages (51 pages total), 13
  figures, 14 tables, submitted to JHEP All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-09
R\'enyi entropy and the thermodynamic stability of black holes

Thermodynamic stability of black holes, described by the R\'enyi formula as
equilibrium compatible entropy function, is investigated. It is shown that
within this approach, asymptotically flat, Schwarzschild black holes can be in
stable equilibrium with thermal radiation at a fixed temperature. This implies
that the canonical ensemble exists just like in anti-de Sitter space, and
nonextensive effects can stabilize the black holes in a very similar way as it
is done by the gravitational potential of an anti-de Sitter space. Furthermore,
it is also shown that a Hawking-Page-like black hole phase transition occurs at
a critical temperature which depends on the $q$-parameter of the R\'enyi
formula.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
750 GeV Diphoton excess from $E_6$ in F-theory GUTs

We interpret the 750-760 GeV diphoton resonance as one or more of the
spinless components of a singlet superfield arising from the three
27-dimensional representations of $E_6$ in F-theory, which also contain three
copies of colour-triplet charge $\mp 1/3$ vector-like fermions $D_i,\bar{D}_i$
and inert Higgs doublets to which the singlets may couple. For definiteness we
consider (without change) a model that was proposed some time ago which
contains such states, as well as bulk exotics, leading to gauge coupling
unification. The smoking gun prediction of the model is the existence of other
similar spinless resonances, possibly close in mass to 750-760 GeV, decaying
into diphotons, as well as the three families of vector-like fermions
$D_i,\bar{D}_i$.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections, reference
Kinetics of Topological Stone-Wales Defect Formation in Single Walled
  Carbon

Topological Stone-Wales defect in carbon nanotubes plays a central role in
plastic deformation, chemical functionalization, and superstructure formation.
Here, we systematically investigate the formation kinetics of such defects
within density functional approach coupled with the transition state theory. We
find that both the formation and activation energies depend critically on the
nanotube chairality, diameter, and defect orientation. The microscopic origin
of the observed dependence is explained with curvature induced rehybridization
in nanotube. Surprisingly, the kinetic barrier follows an empirical
Br{\o}nsted-Evans-Polanyi type correlation with the corresponding formation
energy, and can be understood in terms of overlap between energy-coordinate
parabolas representing the structures with and without the defect. Further, we
propose a possible route to substantially decrease the kinetic activation
barrier. Such accelerated rates of defect formation are desirable in many novel
electronic, mechanical and chemical applications, and also facilitate the
formation of three-dimensional nanotube superstructures.Comment: 10 pages, Supporting information, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
  (2015