pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Practice-based learning in higher education: Jostling cultures

It has become orthodox now to propose that educational provisions in higher education need to have and embrace practice-based learning. Such a move appears to be prompted by requests from national governments, global agencies such as OECD, professional bodies and industry representatives to address concerns associated with the employability of university graduates. The shift is also often welcomed by students who are seeking to undertake higher education for specific purposes and with particular outcomes in mind. Increasingly it seems that those desired outcomes are associated with specific occupations; programs which are effective at preparing students for their preferred occupations upon graduation are increasingly welcomed by students. Moreover, the provision of practice-based experiences is seen as a key means of assisting that occupational preparation, and also having other benefits associated with readiness for the world of work, including introductions to prospective employers. However, there are others who are concerned that this strong and pervasive focus on occupational specific outcomes is not educationally desirable. Some suggest, it is even a fashion that has perhaps gone too far and too quickly. This sentiment seems to be strongest when the content and focus of programs is dictated by agencies from outside universities and where what they propose does not always seem to be of great educational worth, and not worthy of constituting higher education. This concern also probably reflects another imperative from those outside of universities: i.e. to control what occurs within educational institutions. Certainly, across most countries with advanced industrial economies the focus of government, industry and community interests towards education seems increasingly about controlling what is taught, by whom, and how it is assessed and for what purposes. This exercise is no stranger to those involved in vocational education, now strongly influencing what is occurring within the schooling sector and clearly beginning to shape the expectations, processes, content and preferred outcomes of higher education. So, even some of those educators who are concerned to provide the kinds of experiences that will assist their students enjoyed a smooth transition to their preferred occupation upon graduation, are coming to be concerned that the influence and reach of agencies outside of higher education is increasingly shaping what occurs within it, what is valued, what is seen as being superfluous and a re-prioritisation a share of higher educational goals. Perhaps this shift is an inevitable consequence of mass higher education in which engagement with the state is necessarily expanding and the cost of its provisions are escalating and need to be defrayed in some way.Full Tex
"An App! An App! My Kingdom for an App": An 18-month quest to determine whether apps support mathematical knowledge building

In recent years, applications (apps) for iPads are increasingly being used to support learning in primary school contexts. Current estimates put the number of available educational apps at the iTunes store at approximately 500,000. Many of these apps contain mathematical content and purport to improve students' mathematics ability. Despite their availability, overall ease of use, and low price, significant questions remain as to their appropriateness in helping students develop mathematical knowledge. Three quantitative measures, previously used in other research to investigate digital technology use and student learning, were modified to meet the specific demands of evaluating apps. This chapter reports on the findings of a long-term research project that comprehensively reviewed mathematical apps to determine their usefulness for primary school students. It found that although the majority of apps provide little more than edutainment, a core group of apps were highly effective in supporting students in their development of mathematics knowledge.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Education and Professional StudiesFull Tex
Using geological data to identify some environmental problems associated with existing pipelines and other linear structures

Pipelines and other linear structures often cover large distances across topographically and geologically varied ground. In the last decade, or so, geological information has started to become available in digital form for countries and regions. This enables a wide-range of users, including pipeline operators, to access interpreted geohazard information not only for the construction of new linear infrastructure, but also to assess a range of geological risks to existing linear infrastructure that might have been constructed before such information was available.\ud
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Examples of the use of such information are discussed in relation to Great Britain’s national natural gas and ethylene pipeline networks and the possible raising of the Thames Estuary flood embankment that helps to protect London from flooding. Future developments in the provision of geological information are discussed, including bespoke information systems in which the outputs are defined by the users rather than the information holders\u
Modeling Concept Combinations in a Quantum-theoretic Framework

We present modeling for conceptual combinations which uses the mathematical
formalism of quantum theory. Our model faithfully describes a large amount of
experimental data collected by different scholars on concept conjunctions and
disjunctions. Furthermore, our approach sheds a new light on long standing
drawbacks connected with vagueness, or fuzziness, of concepts, and puts forward
a completely novel possible solution to the 'combination problem' in concept
theory. Additionally, we introduce an explanation for the occurrence of quantum
structures in the mechanisms and dynamics of concepts and, more generally, in
cognitive and decision processes, according to which human thought is a well
structured superposition of a 'logical thought' and a 'conceptual thought', and
the latter usually prevails over the former, at variance with some widespread
beliefsComment: 5 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
  arXiv:1311.605
Parasites of Ammonoids

Extant cephalopods are commonly infested by parasites making it plausible that ammonoids also had parasites. We review the fossil evidence of parasitic infestations in ammonoids, which, due to low preservation potential of soft-tissues in ammonoids and parasites, are mainly recorded as shell pathologies on the external shell interpreted to be caused by parasites. Extant nautilids are of little help to interpret these structures as they only harbor parasitic copepods. Pathologies analogous to those found in ammonoids that are caused by parasites are common in extant bivalves and gastropods. The position of these features might reveal their parasitic nature. The restriction of these structures to certain ammonoid lineages suggests both the influence of phylogeny and the potential role of ecology (feeding, mode of life) on infestation risks. Other long-term associations with detriment to ammonoids such as epizoa and bioeroders as well as their possible confusion with parasitism are briefly discussed
Cameral membranes, pseudosutures, and other soft tissue imprints in ammonoid shells

Ammonoids occasionally show subtle structures linked with the attachment or contact of the soft body with the shell. Only some of these structures were mineralized and thus are rarely preserved. We describe mainly three different kinds of structures, namely (i) cameral membranes, (ii) muscle imprints (excluding muscle attachment structures) and (iii) blood vessels. Cameral membranes (i) have been discovered only in a small fraction of ammonoid species and are close to the siphuncle or cut off parts of the chambers or separate the chamber volumes vertically. Pseudosutures commonly run subparallel to the normal sutures, although they are fainter. They likely formed during the forward movement of the septal mantle prior to the insertion of a new septum. Drag lines (ii) also developed in the course of this process or may represent imprints of muscle fibers. Blood vessels (iii) also left imprints in ammonoid shells
Mature Modifications and Sexual Dimorphism

Allometric growth between different parts of the shell often hampers the identification of mollusk shells, particularly in such cases where preadult shell growth varies strongly. Especially in gastropods, the terminal aperture is often less variable and yields morphological information essential for species determination (e.g. Vermeij 1993; Urdy et al. 2010a, b). In fossil mollusk shells, the adult aperture (peristome)is often missing, partially due to an early death, and partially due to destructive processes, which occurred post mortem (taphonomy). Therefore, the entire shell\ud
ontogeny is known only from a small fraction of all ammonoid taxa (e.g., Landman et al. 2012). Nevertheless, knowledge of the adult shell of ammonoids is very\ud
important since it can yield morphological information essential for systematics and for the reconstruction of various aspects of their paleobiology
Ammonoid Intraspecific Variability

Because ammonoids have never been observed swimming, there is no alternative to seeking indirect indications of the locomotory abilities of ammonoids. This approach is based on actualistic comparisons with the closest relatives of ammonoids, the Coleoidea and the Nautilida, and on the geometrical and physical properties of the shell. Anatomical comparison yields information on the locomotor muscular systems and organs as well as possible modes of propulsion while the shape and physics of ammonoid shells provide information on buoyancy, shell orientation, drag, added mass, cost of transportation and thus on limits of acceleration and swimming speed. On these grounds, we conclude that ammonoid swimming is comparable to that of Recent nautilids and sepiids in terms of speed and energy consumption, although some ammonoids might have been slower swimmers than nautilids
Taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity of paleozoic ammonoids

The Ammonoidea are well represented in terms of numbers of species over a large range of time and they have survived many extinction events. The time interval from the Early Devonian through to the Triassic has seen ammonoid groups evolve and become extinct. The evolutionary history of the Paleozoic ammonoids was punctuated by some extinction events with near extinction events and subsequent recoveries. A Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based on the conch width index (CWI), umbilical width index (UWI) and whorl expansion rate (WER) parameters from 4834 ammonoid species of Devonian to Triassic age produced an empirical morphospace this time interval. The morphospace of Paleozoic ammonoids shows some subtle changes between the periods, but generally, the occupied area is remarkably similar
Unfolding Feasible Arithmetic and Weak Truth

In this paper we continue Feferman’s unfolding program initiated in (Feferman, vol. 6 of Lecture Notes in Logic, 1996) which uses the concept of the unfolding U(S) of a schematic system S in order to describe those operations, predicates and principles concerning them, which are implicit in the acceptance of S. The program has been carried through for a schematic system of non-finitist arithmetic NFA in Feferman and Strahm (Ann Pure Appl Log, 104(1–3):75–96, 2000) and for a system FA (with and without Bar rule) in Feferman and Strahm (Rev Symb Log, 3(4):665–689, 2010). The present contribution elucidates the concept of unfolding for a basic schematic system FEA of feasible arithmetic. Apart from the operational unfolding U0(FEA) of FEA, we study two full unfolding notions, namely the predicate unfolding U(FEA) and a more general truth unfolding UT(FEA) of FEA, the latter making use of a truth predicate added to the language of the operational unfolding. The main results obtained are that the provably convergent functions on binary words for all three unfolding systems are precisely those being computable in polynomial time. The upper bound computations make essential use of a specific theory of truth TPT over combinatory logic, which has recently been introduced in Eberhard and Strahm (Bull Symb Log, 18(3):474–475, 2012) and Eberhard (A feasible theory of truth over combinatory logic, 2014) and whose involved proof-theoretic analysis is due to Eberhard (A feasible theory of truth over combinatory logic, 2014). The results of this paper were first announced in (Eberhard and Strahm, Bull Symb Log 18(3):474–475, 2012)
Genomic microarray analysis

Microarrays utilize classical hybridization techniques to measure the levels of expression of genomic sequences. Advances in microarray fabrication using robotic technology and bioinformatics, now means entire genomes can be interrogated with a high degree of sensitivity, specificity and throughput. To achieve this, RNA collected from samples is first transcribed into complimentary RNA (cRNA) that is subsequently fragmented and labeled with biotin. These fragments are allowed to hybridize with their complementary oligonucleotide sequence located in microscopic features on the array support media. Each of these features consists of hundreds of short oligonucleotide probes that match the target mRNA sequence. This results in an increase in abundance of biotinylated cRNA molecules on the feature to which a fluorescent dye is subsequently bound. The fluorescence levels can then be used to infer the relative abundance of specific mRNA sequences in the original sample. The microarray analysis of gene expression is thus a key weapon in the molecular biology arsenal that can open windows to the molecular processes manifested by the phenotypic differences observed between normal and diseased states.Griffith Health, School of Dentistry and Oral HealthFull Tex
The development of private bore-well s as independent water supplies: chall enges for water utilities in France and Australia

International audienceIn developed countries, a number of factors are leading a growing number of households to drill private boreholes as independent water supplies. This chapter describes this phenomenon based on two case studies conducted in Southern France and Western Australia. It shows that, while the development of private wells was encouraged by the authorities in Perth, it is a major source of environmental, public health, economic and social concern for French water utilities. Household's motivations to develop independent supply are then investigated. We finaly discuss how water utilities need to adapt their management practices (setting tariffs, demand forecasting and resource protection) to take into account this phenomenon
Ruptured landscapes, sacred spaces and the stretching of landscape capital.

This chapter explores the ruptured landscapes of postcolonial Hill Stations in North India. These Hill Stations experienced massive population movements after independence, when the colonial administrators they were constructed for left and new people moved into the cities. Drawing on ethnographic research with minority Christian communities in contemporary Shimla, I demonstrate how the landscapes generated through the worship of these communities heal the ruptures of history by reweaving the trace of historical action. These ruptured communities are therefore rich generators of landscape capital, but of a radically different kind to that discussed in the extant literature. This calls for a reformulation of the landscape capital concept, from a fixed and limited description of historical processes to a widely applicable concept that does justice to the way that past and present are woven together in living landscapes of worship. Postcolonial Shimla, once Simla, the summer capital of colonial India, presents a wonderful case study for these more general issues. Its landscapes provoke questions about the role of memory and identity in the postcolonial city. The Christian landscapes are in many ways the crux of these discomforting questions, but they also offer answers. Moreover, these answers are not hoarded by a minority group, but rather are implicitly presented, as a sort of cipher, to wider civil society. Through this process, the churchscapes of Shimla are able to heal landscape ruptures and stand as a model for harmonious heritage practice in the contemporary city
Commutative algebra: Constructive methods. Finite projective modules

This book is an introductory course to basic commutative algebra with a
particular emphasis on finitely generated projective modules. We adopt the
constructive point of view, with which all existence theorems have an explicit
algorithmic content content.
  In particular, when a theorem affirms the existence of an object -- the
solution of a problem -- a construction algorithm of the object can always be
extracted from the given proof. We revisit with a new and often simplifying eye
several abstract classical theories. In particular, we review theories which
did not have any algorithmic content in their general natural framework, such
as Galois theory, the Dedekind domains, the finitely generated projective
modules or the Krull dimension
School health education nowadays : challenges and trends

School health education has been viewed in a large variety of perspectives. In this chapter we present, in a historic approach, the biomedical model, the holistic view as well as the health promotion, autonomy and citizenship perspectives of health education. The aims of the health promoting school and the relevance of partnerships with the health sector, the pupils, their families and the community in health education are emphasised. Social representations, ethics and values in health education are referred. Special attention is given to models of school health education, the nature of knowledge in health education, prevention of health risks, effectiveness of health education practices and also to teachers’ practices and their role and training in health education.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, UM (UI 317 da FCT
Understanding discordant relationships between teachers and disruptive kindergarten children: An observational study of teachers' pedagogical practices

Children with externalizing behavior problems often develop conflictual relationships with teachers, which in turn, increases the risk of school failure. Therefore, it is important to examine the protective role of sensitive teacher practices for behaviorally at-risk children. We observed teacher sensitivity and quality of behavior management in interactions with individual students in a behaviorally-diverse sample of kindergartners (N = 192). Teacher-report questionnaires were employed to assess externalizing child behavior and teacher-child relationship quality (i.e., closeness and conflict). Linear regression analyses indicated that, for girls, teacher sensitivity weakened the association between externalizing behavior and conflict. In addition, good behavior management of teachers reduced the risk of conflict for boys with externalizing behavior. The results were discussed in light of two theoretical perspectives on social gender roles and behavior development.status: publishe
Qualitative inquiry as transformation and agency : the black sheep and workplace mobbing

This chapter discusses an action research project into the lived experience of the workplace mobbing phenomenon. The action research methodology is based on the exemplarian model (Coenen & Khonraad, 2003) from the Netherlands Group. This model requires positive outcomes for those immersed in the problem to reduce the adversity of their circumstances. The findings challenge the psychological perspective of the existing bullying literature that tends to focus on individual behaviour. This research, undertaken over a three year period with 212 participants, identified the dysfunctional nature of public sector bureaucracies and the power gained through gossip and rumour as some of the key emergent themes to explain the workplace mobbing problem. In addition, resistance, conscientisation, and agency were identified as the key to transformation for those targeted. The discussion focuses on the crystallisation phase of the exemplarian model where the participants identified themselves as the Black Sheep and adopted the motto that “a black sheep is a biting beast” (Bastard, 1565 or 6-1618, p. 90), reflecting a sense of empowerment, individual agency, and a sense of humour in dealing with the serious yet seemingly absurd reality of their situations. The identity of the Black Sheep was consolidated when the group organised a 2 day conference with over 200 attendees to discuss how best to prevent workplace mobbing. This self-affirming action was a proactive step towards metaphorically “biting back” at the problem. A number of positive outcomes were achieved including the conference with over 200 attending leading to national media coverage across Australia and additional interviews with magazines, newspapers, and radio
Agile methods for agile universities

We explore a term, Agile, that is being used in various workplace settings, including the management of universities. The term may have several related but slightly different meanings. Agile is often used in the context of facilitating more creative problem-solving and advocating for the adoption, design, tailoring and continual updating of more innovative organizational processes. We consider a particular set of meanings of the term from the world of software development. Agile methods were created to address certain problems with the software development process. Many of those problems have interesting analogues in the context of universities, so a reflection on agile methods may be a useful heuristic for generating ideas for enabling universities to be more creative
Kartogrifa In-Flux: A Pedagogical Tool to Challenge Eurocentrism in Post-Complusory Education for Sustainable Design

Kartogrifa In-Flux - Thinking, Talking, Building Alternative Pasts-Futures (KIF), the authors project (Schultz, 2012), is a mediation object created on the East Coast of Australia in 2012, KIF revealed valuable insights in relation to aiding students in navigating the complexities of challenging 'Eurocentrism'. Samir Amin (2011) provides a thorough theoretical critique of Eurocentrism  from which the context of the word is aligned here. Eurocentrism is an unsustainable dominant modern Western narrative of European reach and power being imposed on other parts of the world. The case is made that socio-culturally situated pedagogical tools can effectively challenge Eurocentrism in post-compulsory education for sustainable design. KIF has been used as a pedagogical tool to its full capacity with undergraduate university students of visual communication design, product design, exhibition design and design theory. It is also designed to be effective in mediating discussion among students of humanities such as cultural studies, history, anthropology, sociology and psychology, notwithstanding evidence of effective engagement with K-12 compulsory students. In both cases of exhibiting the KIF event discussed in this chapter, there were a mix of post-compulsory students and disciplines, K-12 students and members of the public. In order to refine the scope here, a reflection of KIF as a pedagogical tool for post-compulsory students engagement is outlined. KIF is a pedagogical tool with a purpose of unravelling the concealment of other forms of knowledge, in this case, Australian Indigenous Knowledge (IK). It is also an exemplar of creative and lateral design-thinking. The design-thinking however has a 'decolonising' agency. As such, KIF is 'decolonial/design-thinking' directed via careful and deliberate use of elements such as colour, form, and textual signs. The motivation for KIF is to mediate complex ideas among participants that go towards securing more sustainable modes of existence (whatever that may be in any given locality).Arts, Education & Law Group, Queensland College of ArtFull Tex