pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
VALES, II : the physical conditions of interstellar gas in normal star-forming galaxies up to z = 0.2 revealed by ALMA

We use new Band 3 CO(1-0) observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to study the physical conditions in the interstellar gas of a sample of 27 dusty main-sequence star-forming galaxies at 0.03 < z < 0.2 present in the Valparaiso ALMA Line Emission Survey (VALES). The sample is drawn from far-IR bright galaxies over similar to 160 deg(2) in the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), which is covered by high-quality ancillary data including Herschel [C I] 158 mu m spectroscopy and far-infrared (FIR) photometry. The [C II] and CO(1-0) lines are both detected at >5 sigma in 26 sources. We find an average [C II] to CO(1-0) luminosity ratio of 3500 +/- 1200 for our sample that is consistent with previous studies. Using the [C II], CO(1-0) and FIR measurements as diagnostics of the physical conditions of the interstellar medium, we compare these observations to the predictions of a photodissociation region (PDR) model to determine the gas density, surface temperature, pressure, and the strength of the incident far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field, G0, normalised to the Habing Field. The majority of our sample exhibit hydrogen densities of 4 < log n/cm(3) < 5.5 and experience an incident FUV radiation field with strengths of 2 < logG(0) < 3 when adopting standard adjustments. A comparison to galaxy samples at di ff erent redshifts indicates that the average strength of the FUV radiation field appears constant up to redshift z similar to 6.4, yet the neutral gas density increases as a function of redshift by a factor of similar to 100 from z = 0 to z = 0.2 that persists regardless of various adjustments to our observable quantities. Whilst this evolution could provide an explanation for the observed evolution of the star formation rate density with cosmic time, the result most likely arises from a combination of observational biases when using di ff erent suites of emission lines as diagnostic tracers of PDR gas
Change of the Emission Spectra in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Layer Thickness Optimization

Electroluminescence and photoluminescence of organic light-emitting diodes consisting of an indium tin oxide anode, N,N8-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N8-diphenyl-benzidine as a hole transport layer, tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum as emitting layer, and an Ag cathode were measured for different layer thickness values. It was found that, for a certain range of thickness values, multiple peak emission can be achieved. In addition, the emission spectra were dependent on the viewing angle. For the optimized thickness values, normal incidence chromaticity coordinates achieved were 0.32 and 0.43. Possible explanations for observed unexpected behavior are discussed
British Iron Age chariot burials of the Arras culture: a multi-isotope approach to investigating mobility levels and subsistence practices

YesIron Age chariot burials in the UK are rare and restricted in their distribution. Historically it has been suggested that their Arras culture affinities with Continental Europe, particularly with the Paris basin in France, may be indicative of migration. The majority of them are found on chalk and the putative source region is also chalk. This has meant that a study using only strontium isotopes to identify mobile individuals is problematic. Here we present a range of isotope ratio data (strontium, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and sulphur) for seven chariot burials from Wetwang, Garton Station and Kirkburn. The majority of them are of men and women who were born and lived locally, although the individual from Kirkburn is likely to have spent his childhood elsewhere. They do, however, differ quite subtly from others in the local population, probably in their relationship to a local land-use pattern operating between two distinct biospheres.The British Academy provided funding (SG-51722
Resolvent estimates for high-contrast elliptic problems with periodic coefficients.

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the resolvents   (Aε+I)−1  of elliptic second-order differential operators   Aε  in   Rd  with periodic rapidly oscillating coefficients, as the period   ε goes to zero. The class of operators covered by our analysis includes both the “classical” case of uniformly elliptic families (where the ellipticity constant does not depend on   ε ) and the “double-porosity” case of coefficients that take contrasting values of order one and of order   ε2 in different parts of the period cell. We provide a construction for the leading order term of the “operator asymptotics” of   (Aε+I)−1  in the sense of operator-norm convergence and prove order   O(ε)  remainder estimates
Preparation and characterization of S-33 samples for S-33(n,alpha)Si-30 cross-section measurements at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Thin S-33 samples for the study of the S-33(n,alpha)Si-30 cross-section at the n_TOF facility at CERN were made by thermal evaporation of S-33 powder onto a dedicated substrate made of kapton covered with thin layers of copper, chromium and titanium. This method has provided for the first time bare sulfur samples a few centimeters in diameter. The samples have shown an excellent adherence with no mass loss after few years and no sublimation in vacuum at room temperature. The determination of the mass thickness of S-33 has been performed by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The samples have been successfully tested under neutron irradiation
Magnetic properties and giant magnetoresistance in melt-spun CoCu alloys

Magnetic, structural, and transport properties of as quenched and annealed Co10Cu90 samples have been investigated using x¿ray diffraction and a SQUID magnetometer. The largest value of MR change was observed for the as¿quenched sample annealed at 450°C for 30 min. The magnetic and transport properties closely correlate with the microstructure, mainly with Co magnetic particle size and its distribution. For thermal annealing the as quenched samples    below 600°C, the Co particle diameters increase from 4.0 to 6.0 nm with a magnetoresistance (MR) drop from 33.0% to 5.0% at 10 K. Comparison with the theory indicates that the interfacial electron spin¿dependent scattering mechanism correlates with GMR for Co particle diameters up to about 6.0 nm
The univalent Bloch-Landau constant, harmonic symmetry and conformal glueing

By modifying a domain first suggested by Ruth Goodman in 1935 and by exploiting the explicit solution by Fedorov of the Polyá-Chebotarev problem in the case of four symmetrically placed points, an improved upper bound for the univalent Bloch-Landau constant is obtained. The domain that leads to this improved bound takes the form of a disk from which some arcs are removed in such a way that the resulting simply connected domain is harmonically symmetric in each arc with respect to the origin. The existence of domains of this type is established, using techniques from conformal welding, and some general properties of harmonically symmetric arcs in this setting are established
INTEGRAL-ISGRI observations of the CygOB2 region: earching for hard
  X-ray point sources in a region containing several non-thermal emitting
  massive stars

Aims: We analyze INTEGRAL-ISGRI data in order to probe the hard X-ray
emission (above 20 keV) from point sources in the Cyg OB2 region and to
investigate the putative non-thermal high-energy emission from early-type stars
(Wolf-Rayet and O-type stars). Among the targets located in the field of view,
we focus on the still unidentified EGRET source 3EG 2033+4118 that may be
related to massive stars known to produce non-thermal emission in the radio
domain, and on the wide colliding-wind binary WR 140. Methods: Using a large
set of data obtained with the IBIS-ISGRI imager onboard INTEGRAL, we run the
OSA software package in order to find point sources in the fully coded field of
view of the instrument. Results: Our data do not allow the detection of a
lower-energy counterpart of 3EG J2033+4118 nor of any other new point sources
in the field of view, and we derive upper limits on the high-energy flux for a
few targets: 3EG J2033+4118, TeV J2032+4130, WR140, WR146 and WR147. The
results are discussed in the context of the multiwavelength investigation of
these objects. Conclusions: The upper limits derived are valuable constraints
for models aimed at understanding the acceleration of particles in non-thermal
emitting massive stars, and of the still unidentified very-high gamma-ray
source TeV J2032+4130.Comment: 6 page, 2 figures including one figure in GIF format, accepted for
  publication by A&
Iron fertilization enhanced net community production but not downward particle flux during the Southern Ocean iron fertilization experiment LOHAFEX

A closed eddy core in the Subantarctic Atlantic Ocean was fertilized twice with two tons of iron (as FeSO4), and the 300 km2 fertilized patch was studied for 39 days to test whether fertilization enhances downward particle flux into the deep ocean. Chlorophyll a and primary productivity doubled after fertilization, and photosynthetic quantum yield (FV/FM) increased from 0.33 to ≥0.40. Silicic acid (<2 µmol L−1) limited diatoms, which contributed <10% of phytoplankton biomass. Copepods exerted high grazing pressure. This is the first study of particle flux out of an artificially fertilized bloom with very low diatom biomass. Net community production (NCP) inside the patch, estimated from O2:Ar ratios, averaged 21 mmol POC m−2 d−1, probably ±20%. 234Th profiles implied constant export of ~6.3 mmol POC m−2 d−1 in the patch, similar to unfertilized waters. The difference between NCP and 234Th-derived export partly accumulated in the mixed layer and was partly remineralized between the mixed layer and 100 m. Neutrally buoyant sediment traps at 200 and 450 m inside and outside the patch caught mostly <1.1 mmol POC m−2 d−1, predominantly of fecal origin; flux did not increase upon fertilization. Our data thus indicate intense flux attenuation between 100 and 200 m, and probably between the mixed layer and 100 m. We attribute the lack of fertilization-induced export to silicon limitation of diatoms and reprocessing of sinking particles by detritus feeders. Our data are consistent with the view that nitrate-rich but silicate-deficient waters are not poised for enhanced particle export upon iron addition
Multidomain ferroelectricity as a limiting factor for voltage ampliﬁcation in ferroelectric ﬁeld-effect transistors

We revise the possibility of having an amplified surface potential in ferroelectricfield-effect transistors pointed out by [S. Salahuddin and S. Datta, Nano Lett.8, 405 (2008)]. We show that the negative-capacitance regime that allows for such amplification is actually bounded by the appearance of multidomain ferroelectricity. This imposes a severe limit to the maximum step-up of the surface potential obtainable in the device. We indicate new device design rules taking into account this scenario
Multiple mechanistically distinct modes of endocannabinoid mobilization at central amygdala glutamatergic synapses.

The central amygdala (CeA) is a key structure at the limbic-motor interface regulating stress responses and emotional learning. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is heavily implicated in the regulation of stress-response physiology and emotional learning processes; however, the role of eCBs in the modulation of  synaptic efficacy in the CeA is not well understood. Here we describe the subcellular localization of CB1 cannabinoid receptors and eCB synthetic machinery at glutamatergic synapses in the CeA and find that CeA neurons exhibit multiple mechanistically and temporally distinct modes of postsynaptic eCB mobilization. These data identify a prominent role for eCBs in the modulation of excitatory drive to CeA neurons and provide insight into the mechanisms by which eCB signaling and exogenous cannabinoids could regulate stress responses and emotional learning
The ecosystem of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the sub-polar front and Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone; ECO-MAR project strategy and description of the sampling programme 2007-2010

The work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (Consortium Grant no. NE/C512961/1) and the Census of Marine Life.The ECOMAR project investigated photosynthetically-supported life on the North Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between the Azores and Iceland focussing on the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone area in the vicinity of the sub-polar front where the North Atlantic Current crosses the MAR. Repeat visits were made to four stations at 2500. m depth on the flanks of the MAR in the years 2007-2010; a pair of northern stations at 54°N in cold water north of the sub-polar front and southern stations at 49°N in warmer water influenced by eddies from the North Atlantic Current. At each station an instrumented mooring was deployed with current meters and sediment traps (100 and 1000. m above the sea floor) to sample downward flux of particulate matter. The patterns of water flow, fronts, primary production and export flux in the region were studied by a combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements. Sonar, tow nets and profilers sampled pelagic fauna over the MAR. Swath bathymetry surveys across the ridge revealed sediment-covered flat terraces parallel to the axis of the MAR with intervening steep rocky slopes. Otter trawls, megacores, baited traps and a suite of tools carried by the R.O.V. Isis including push cores, grabs and a suction device collected benthic fauna. Video and photo surveys were also conducted using the SHRIMP towed vehicle and the R.O.V. Isis. Additional surveying and sampling by landers and R.O.V. focussed on the summit of a seamount (48°44'N, 28°10'W) on the western crest of the MAR between the two southern stations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Unconditional convergence and invertibility of multipliers

In the present paper the unconditional convergence and the invertibility of
multipliers is investigated. Multipliers are operators created by (frame-like)
analysis, multiplication by a fixed symbol, and resynthesis. Sufficient and/or
necessary conditions for unconditional convergence and invertibility are
determined depending on the properties of the analysis and synthesis sequences,
as well as the symbol. Examples which show that the given assertions cover
different classes of multipliers are given. If a multiplier is invertible, a
formula for the inverse operator is determined. The case when one of the
sequences is a Riesz basis is completely characterized.Comment: 31 pages; changes to previous version: 1.) the results from the
  previous version are extended to the case of complex symbols m. 2.) new
  statements about the unconditional convergence and boundedness are added
  (3.1,3.2 and 3.3). 3.) the proof of a preliminary result (Prop. 2.2) was
  moved to a conference proceedings [29]. 4.) Theorem 4.10. became more
  detaile
A theory of $L^1$-dissipative solvers for scalar conservation laws with
  discontinuous flux

We propose a general framework for the study of $L^1$ contractive semigroups
of solutions to conservation laws with discontinuous flux. Developing the ideas
of a number of preceding works we claim that the whole admissibility issue is
reduced to the selection of a family of "elementary solutions", which are
certain piecewise constant stationary weak solutions. We refer to such a family
as a "germ". It is well known that (CL) admits many different $L^1$ contractive
semigroups, some of which reflects different physical applications. We revisit
a number of the existing admissibility (or entropy) conditions and identify the
germs that underly these conditions. We devote specific attention to the
anishing viscosity" germ, which is a way to express the "$\Gamma$-condition" of
Diehl. For any given germ, we formulate "germ-based" admissibility conditions
in the form of a trace condition on the flux discontinuity line $x=0$ (in the
spirit of Vol'pert) and in the form of a family of global entropy inequalities
(following Kruzhkov and Carrillo). We characterize those germs that lead to the
$L^1$-contraction property for the associated admissible solutions. Our
approach offers a streamlined and unifying perspective on many of the known
entropy conditions, making it possible to recover earlier uniqueness results
under weaker conditions than before, and to provide new results for other less
studied problems. Several strategies for proving the existence of admissible
solutions are discussed, and existence results are given for fluxes satisfying
some additional conditions. These are based on convergence results either for
the vanishing viscosity method (with standard viscosity or with specific
viscosities "adapted" to the choice of a germ), or for specific germ-adapted
finite volume schemes
Renormalons and multiloop estimates in scalar correlators, Higgs decay
  and quark-mass sum rules

The single renormalon-chain contribution to the correlator of scalar currents
in QCD is calculated in the $\bar{MS}$-scheme in the limit of a large $N_f$. We
find that in the factorial growth of the coefficients due to renormalons takes
over almost immediatelly in the euclidean region. The essential differences
between the large-order growth of coefficients in the scalar case, and in the
vector case are analysed. In the timelike region a stabilization of the
perturbative series for the imaginary part, with $n$-loop behaviour
$S_n/[\log(s/\Lambda^2)]^{n-1}$, where $S_n$ is essential constant for
$n\le{6}$, is observed. Only for $n\ge{7}$ does one discern the factorial
growth and alternations of sign. Out all-order results are used to scrutinize
the performance of multiloop estimates, within the ``naive nonabelianization''
procedure, and the effective charges approach. The asymtotic behaviour of
perturbative coefficients, in both large $N_f$ and large $N_c$ limits, is
analysed. A contour-improved resummation technique in the time-like region is
developed. Some subtleties of scheme-dependence are illustrated using results
in the $\bar{MS}$ and $V$-schemes. The all-order series under investigation are
summed up with the help of the Borel resummation method. The results obtained
are relevant to the analysis of the theoretical uncertainties in the 4-loop
extractions of the running and invariant $s$-quark masses from QCD sum rules,
and in calculations of the Higgs boson decay width into a quark-antiquark pair.Comment: LaTeX, 48 pages, Note added in Proofs added, some additional
  referencies made; to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Hilbert Series for Moduli Spaces of Instantons on C^2/Z_n

We study chiral gauge-invariant operators on moduli spaces of G instantons
for any classical group G on A-type ALE spaces using Hilbert Series (HS).
Moduli spaces of instantons on an ALE space can be realized as Higgs branches
of certain quiver gauge theories which appear as world-volume theories on Dp
branes in a Dp-D(p+4) system with the D(p+4) branes (with or without O(p+4)
planes) wrapping the ALE space. We study in detail a list of quiver gauge
theories which are related to G-instantons of arbitrary ranks and instanton
numbers on a generic A_{n-1} ALE space and discuss the corresponding brane
configurations. For a large class of theories, we explicitly compute the Higgs
branch HS which reveals various algebraic/geometric aspects of the moduli space
such as the dimension of the space, generators of the moduli space and
relations connecting them. In a large number of examples involving lower rank
instantons, we demonstrate that HS for equivalent instantons of isomorphic
gauge groups but very different quiver descriptions do indeed agree, as
expected.Comment: 88 pages with 20 pages of Appendices; 45 figure
NLO matching for ttbb production with massive b-quarks

Theoretical uncertainties in the simulation of ttbb production represent one
of the main obstacles that still hamper the observation of Higgs-boson
production in association with top-quark pairs in the H->bb channel. In this
letter we present a next-to-leading order (NLO) simulation of ttbb production
with massive b-quarks matched to the Sherpa parton shower. This allows one to
extend NLO predictions to arbitrary ttbb kinematics, including the case where
one or both b-jets arise from collinear g->bb splittings. We find that this
splitting mechanism plays an important role for the ttH(bb) analysis.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. v2: b-jet momenta replaced by b-quark momenta in
  the dynamical QCD scale; related technical cut removed; numerical results
  updated accordingly and conclusions unchanged. References and various
  comments on the resummation of b-mass logarithms and on the consistency of
  double-splitting contributions added. Version to appear in Phys. Lett
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to $HZW^{\pm}$ production at 14
  TeV LHC

Since the precise study of Higgs gauge couplings is important to test the
Standard Model (SM), we calculate the complete next-to-leading order QCD(NLO
QCD) correction to the $pp \to HZW^{\pm}$ production in the SM at 14 TeV LHC.
Our results show that the NLO QCD correction can enhance the leading-order
cross section of $pp \to HZW^{\pm}$ by 45%, when $ m_H $ = 125.3 GeV. We also
study the dependence of the LO and NLO corrected cross sections on the
renormalization and factorization scale $\mu$. Besides, due to the unbalance of
parton distribution functions, we investigate the charge asymmetry of $W^{\pm}$
in the production of $pp\to HZW^{\pm}$, which can reach 32.94% for
$\mu=(m_H+m_Z+m_W)/2$ at 14 TeV LHC.Comment: discussions added, accepted by Physics Letters
Tur\'an type inequalities for Struve functions

Some Tur\'an type inequalities for Struve functions of the first kind are
deduced by using various methods developed in the case of Bessel functions of
the first and second kind. New formulas, like Mittag-Leffler expansion,
infinite product representation for Struve functions of the first kind, are
obtained, which may be of independent interest. Moreover, some complete
monotonicity results and functional inequalities are deduced for Struve
functions of the second kind. These results complement naturally the known
results for a particular case of Lommel functions of the first kind, and for
modified Struve functions of the first and second kind.Comment: 10 page
Non-Perturbative Properties of Heterotic String Vacua Compactified on K3 x T$^{2}$

Using the heterotic--type II duality of $N=2$ string vacua in four space-time dimensions we study non-perturbative couplings of toroidally compactified six-dimensional heterotic vacua. In particular, the heterotic--heterotic $S$-duality and the Coulomb branch of tensor multiplets observed in six dimensions are studied from a four-dimensional point of view. We explicitly compute the couplings of the vector multiplets of several type II vacua and investigate the implications for their heterotic duals
Simulation of $n_{f}$ = 3 QCD by Hybrid Monte Carlo

Simulations of odd flavors QCD can be performed in the framework of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm where the inverse of the fermion matrix is approximated by a polynomial. In this exploratory study we perform three flavors QCD simulations. We make a comparison of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm and the R-algorithm which also simulates odd flavors systems but has step-size errors. We find that results from our hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm are in agreement with those from the R-algorithm obtained at very small step-size