pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Challenging the sensitivity limits of Paleomagnetism: Magnetostratigraphy of weakly magnetized Guadalupian–Lopingian (Permian) Limestone from Kyushu, Japan

AbstractDespite their utility for bio- and chemostratigraphy, many carbonate platform sequences have been difficult to analyze using paleomagnetic techniques due to their extraordinarily weak natural remanent magnetizations (NRMs). However, the physical processes of magnetization imply that stable NRMs can be preserved that are many orders of magnitude below our present measurement abilities. Recent advances in reducing the noise level of superconducting magnetometer systems, particularly the introduction of DC-SQUID sensors and development of a low-noise sample handling system using thin-walled quartz-glass vacuum tubes, have solved many of these instrumentation problems, increasing the effective sensitivity by a factor of nearly 50 over the previous techniques of SQUID moment magnetometry.Here we report the successful isolation of a two-polarity characteristic remanent magnetization from Middle–Late Permian limestone formed in the atoll of a mid-oceanic paleo-seamount, now preserved in the Jurassic accretionary complex in Japan, which had proved difficult to analyze in past studies. Paleothermometric indicators including Conodont Alteration Indices, carbonate petrology, and clumped isotope paleothermometry are consistent with peak burial temperatures close to 130°C, consistent with rock magnetic indicators suggesting fine-grained magnetite and hematite holds the NRM. The magnetic polarity pattern is in broad agreement with previous global magnetostratigraphic summaries from the interval of the Early–Middle Permian Kiaman Reversed Superchron and the Permian–Triassic mixed interval, and ties the Tethyan–Panthalassan fusuline zones to it. Elevated levels of hematite associated with the positive δ13Ccarb of the Kamura event argue for a brief spike in environmental oxygen. The results also place the paleo-seamount at a paleolatitude of ~12° S, in the middle of the Panthalassan Ocean, and imply a N/NW transport toward the Asian margin of Pangea during Triassic and Jurassic times, in accordance with the predicted trajectory from its tectono-sedimentary background. These developments should expand the applicability of magnetostratigraphic techniques to many additional portions of the Geological time scale
Abstract Syntax: Substitution and Binders Invited Address

AbstractWe summarise Fiore et al's paper on variable substitution and binding, then axiomatise it. Generalising their use of the category F of finite sets to model untyped cartesian contexts, we let S be an arbitrary pseudo-monad on Cat and consider (S1)op: this generality includes linear contexts, affine contexts, and contexts for the Logic of Bunched Implications. Given a pseudo-distributive law of S over the (partial) pseudo-monad Tcoc−=[(−)op,Set] for free cocompletions, one can define a canonical substitution monoidal structure on the category [(S1)op,Set], generalising Fiore et al's substitution monoidal structure for cartesian contexts: this provides a natural substitution structure for the above examples. We give a concrete description of this substitution monoidal structure in full generality. We then give an axiomatic definition of a binding signature, then state and prove an initial algebra semantics theorem for binding signatures in full generality, once again extending the definitions and theorem of Fiore et al. A delicate extension of the research includes the category Pb(Injop,Set) studied by Gabbay and Pitts in their quite different analysis of binders, which we compare and contrast with that of Fiore et al
Inclusive π
0 and KS
0 production in two-photon collisions at LEP

AbstractThe reactions e+e−→e+e−
π
0 X and e+e−→e+e−KS
0 X are studied using data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 202 GeV. Inclusive differential cross sections are measured as a function of the particle transverse momentum p

t
 and the pseudo-rapidity. For p

t
⩽1.5 GeV, the π
0 and KS
0 differential cross sections are described by an exponential, typical of soft hadronic processes. For p

t
⩾1.5 GeV, the cross sections show the presence of perturbative QCD processes, described by a power-law. The data are compared to Monte Carlo predictions and to NLO QCD calculations
Biserial algebras via subalgebras and the path algebra of D4

AbstractWe give two new criteria for a basic algebra to be biserial. The first one states that an algebra is biserial iff all subalgebras of the form eAe where e is supported by at most 4 vertices are biserial. The second one gives some condition on modules that must not exist for a biserial algebra. These modules have properties similar to the module with dimension vector (1,1,1,1) for the path algebra of the quiver D4.Both criteria generalize criteria for an algebra to be Nakayama. They rely on the description of a basic biserial algebra in terms of quiver and relations given by R. Vila-Freyer and W. Crawley-Boevey [CBVF98]
Minimal unsatisfiable formulas with bounded clause-variable difference are fixed-parameter tractable

AbstractRecognition of minimal unsatisfiable CNF formulas (unsatisfiable CNF formulas which become satisfiable if any clause is removed) is a classical DP-complete problem. It was shown recently that minimal unsatisfiable formulas with n variables and n+k clauses can be recognized in time nO(k). We improve this result and present an algorithm with time complexity O(2kn4); hence the problem turns out to be fixed-parameter tractable (FTP) in the sense of Downey and Fellows (Parameterized Complexity, 1999).Our algorithm gives rise to a fixed-parameter tractable parameterization of the satisfiability problem: If for a given set of clauses F, the number of clauses in each of its subsets exceeds the number of variables occurring in the subset at most by k, then we can decide in time O(2kn3) whether F is satisfiable; k is called the maximum deficiency of F and can be efficiently computed by means of graph matching algorithms. Known parameters for fixed-parameter tractable satisfiability decision are tree-width or related to tree-width. Tree-width and maximum deficiency are incomparable in the sense that we can find formulas with constant maximum deficiency and arbitrarily high tree-width, and formulas where the converse prevails
Search for charge-asymmetric production of W′ bosons in tt¯+jet events from pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA search is presented for charge-asymmetric production of a W′ boson that has been proposed to accommodate the forward–backward asymmetry observed in the production of top–antitop quark pairs at the Tevatron. The new heavy W′ boson would be produced in association with a top quark and would decay into top and down quarks. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1 in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. No significant excess above the standard model expectations is observed, and, from a combination of the electron-plus-jets and muon-plus-jets channels, a 95% confidence level lower limit of 840 GeV/c2 is set on the W′ boson mass for a W′ boson model with values for coupling constants to top and down quarks gL=0 and gR=2. In addition, a kinematic reconstruction of the W′ resonance mass using the inherent charge asymmetry of this model finds no indication of the presence of W′ events in the data
Examining runoff generation processes in the Selke catchment in central Germany: Insights from data and semi-distributed numerical model

AbstractStudy regionOur study is focussed on a mesoscale catchment, Selke, in central Germany having an area of 463km2 with spatially diverse land-use from upland to the low-lying areas in the vicinity of the catchment outlet.Study focusThis study used rainfall-runoff data available on daily time step to examine the spatio-temporal variation of runoff coefficients. We then applied a validated semi-distributed hydrological model, HYPE, for examining the spatio-temporal variation of runoff generating mechanisms. HYPE model was modified in a minor fashion and simulations were conducted again to find out the portion of discharge originating from different runoff generation mechanisms.New hydrological insights for the regionWe examined the spatio-temporal variation of runoff generating mechanisms on the sub-basin level on seasonal basis. Our analysis reveals that the runoff generation in the Selke catchment is primarily dominated by shallow sub-surface flow and very rarely the contribution from Dunne overland flow exceeds sub-surface flow. Runoff generated by Hortonian mechanism is very infrequent and almost negligible. We also examined the spatio-temporal variation of runoff coefficients on seasonal basis as well as for individual storms. Due to higher precipitation and topographic relief in the upland catchment of Silberhutte, the runoff coefficients were consistently higher and its peak was found in winter months due to lower evapotranspiration
Community treatment orders for patients with psychosis (OCTET): a randomised controlled trial

SummaryBackgroundCompulsory supervision outside hospital has been developed internationally for the treatment of mentally ill people following widespread deinstitutionalisation but its efficacy has not yet been proven. Community treatment orders (CTOs) for psychiatric patients became available in England and Wales in 2008. We tested whether CTOs reduce admissions compared with use of Section 17 leave when patients in both groups receive equivalent levels of clinical contact but different lengths of compulsory supervision.MethodsOCTET is a non-blinded, parallel-arm randomised controlled trial. We postulated that patients with a diagnosis of psychosis discharged from hospital on CTOs would have a lower rate of readmission over 12 months than those discharged on the pre-existing Section 17 leave of absence. Eligible patients were those involuntarily admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of psychosis, aged 18–65 years, who were deemed suitable for supervised outpatient care by their clinicians. Consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to be discharged from hospital either on CTO or Section 17 leave. Randomisation used random permuted blocks with lengths of two, four, and six, and stratified for sex, schizophrenic diagnosis, and duration of illness. Research assistants, treating clinicians, and patients were aware of assignment to randomisation group. The primary outcome measure was whether or not the patient was admitted to hospital during the 12-month follow-up period, analysed with a log-binomial regression model adjusted for stratification factors. We did all analyses by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN73110773.FindingsOf 442 patients assessed, 336 patients were randomly assigned to be discharged from hospital either on CTO (167 patients) or Section 17 leave (169 patients). One patient withdrew directly after randomisation and two were ineligible, giving a total sample of 333 patients (166 in the CTO group and 167 in the Section 17 group). At 12 months, despite the fact that the length of initial compulsory outpatient treatment differed significantly between the two groups (median 183 days CTO group vs 8 days Section 17 group, p<0·001) the number of patients readmitted did not differ between groups (59 [36%] of 166 patients in the CTO group vs 60 [36%] of 167 patients in the Section 17 group; adjusted relative risk 1·0 [95% CI 0·75–1·33]).InterpretationIn well coordinated mental health services the imposition of compulsory supervision does not reduce the rate of readmission of psychotic patients. We found no support in terms of any reduction in overall hospital admission to justify the significant curtailment of patients' personal liberty.FundingNational Institute of Health Research
Source of the Kerr–Newman solution as a supersymmetric domain-wall bubble: 50 years of the problem

AbstractWe consider the chiral field model of the source of the Kerr–Newman (KN) solution and obtain that it represents a supersymmetric spinning soliton, bounded by the chiral domain wall (DW) of the ellipsoidal form. The known method for transformation of the planar DW to Bogomolnyi form we generalize to the curved DW-bubble adapted to the Kerr coordinate system and obtain the supersymmetric BPS-saturated source of the KN solution, having some remarkable features, in particular, the quantum angular momentum. The main new result is that the source forms a breather, i.e. the DW–antiDW combination. Taking into account that the KN solution describes the spinning particles with gyromagnetic ratio g=2, as that of the Dirac electron, we touch the problem of the compatibility of the spinning particles with gravity
Pax6 Exerts Regional Control of Cortical Progenitor Proliferation via Direct Repression of Cdk6 and Hypophosphorylation of pRb

SummaryThe mechanisms by which early spatiotemporal expression patterns of transcription factors such as Pax6 regulate cortical progenitors in a region-specific manner are poorly understood. Pax6 is expressed in a gradient across the developing cortex and is essential for normal corticogenesis. We found that constitutive or conditional loss of Pax6 increases cortical progenitor proliferation by amounts that vary regionally with normal Pax6 levels. We compared the gene expression profiles of equivalent Pax6-expressing progenitors isolated from Pax6+/+ and Pax6−/− cortices and identified many negatively regulated cell-cycle genes, including Cyclins and Cdks. Biochemical assays indicated that Pax6 directly represses Cdk6 expression. Cyclin/Cdk repression inhibits retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation, thereby limiting the transcription of genes that directly promote the mechanics of the cell cycle, and we found that Pax6 inhibits pRb phosphorylation and represses genes involved in DNA replication. Our results indicate that Pax6’s modulation of cortical progenitor cell cycles is regional and direct
Multi-criteria Decision Making as a Tool for Sustainable Product Development – Benefits and Obstacles

AbstractFor developing sustainable products design engineers need to foresee diverse interrelations between a product's characteristics and its economic, social and environmental impacts. In order to support this complex task a wide range of design methods has been developed. Retrospective analytical methods like Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) require a large amount of information and are thus utilized when important design decisions are already made. Prospective methods are rather generic (e.g. checklists) and too broad to be helpful in concrete design decisions. In this paper, the integration of discrete decision trees with LCSA is proposed for shifting multi-criterial quantitative analysis to earlier development. On the basis of sustainability indicators Pareto-optimal decision-paths for given material- and process alternatives along the product lifecycle can be compared up-front. Resulting benefits and obstacles are illustrated by evaluating value creation options of a bicycle frame
Resonant regeneration in the sub-quantum regime – A demonstration of fractional quantum interference

AbstractLight shining through wall experiments (in the optical as well as in the microwave regime) are a powerful tool to search for light particles coupled very weakly to photons such as axions or extra hidden sector photons. Resonant regeneration, where a resonant cavity is employed to enhance the regeneration rate of photons, is one of the most promising techniques to improve the sensitivity of the next generation of experiments. However, doubts have been voiced if such methods work at very low regeneration rates where on average the cavity contains less than one photon. In this Letter we report on a demonstration experiment using a microwave cavity driven with extremely low power, to show that resonant amplification works also in this regime. In accordance with standard quantum mechanics this is a demonstration that interference also works at the level of less than one quantum. As an additional benefit this experiment shows that thermal photons inside the cavity cause no adverse effects
Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in tumour tissue of a non-cirrhotic HFE-haemochromatosis patient with hepatocellular carcinoma

AbstractCo-existence of multiple causes of liver injury increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. HCC usually develops in patients with cirrhosis although it may also occur in individuals with no or mild liver disease, in particular in cases with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Here we report the case of a 43year-old man with HFE-haemochromatosis, seronegative for hepatitis B and C infections, who developed HCC in the absence of severe liver damage. Both tumoural and non-tumoural liver DNA extracts were tested by nested-PCR and primers specific for four different HBV genomic regions in order to evaluate the presence of occult HBV infection. Only X gene sequences were detected in tumour (but not in non-tumour) DNA extracts. HBV-Alu PCR showed a HBV integration involving a 5′-deleted X gene with an intact enhancer-II/basal-core promoter region. The viral-host junction sequencing revealed that this integrant was located upstream of the partitioning-defective-6-homolog-gamma gene (PARD6G) and real time-PCR quantification demonstrated that PARD6G was overexpressed in tumour compared to non-tumour liver tissues.In conclusion, the combination of HFE-haemochromatosis and occult HBV infection in this patient might have led to a sequel of cellular events that determined the development of HCC even in the absence of cirrhosis
Prevalence of and risk factors for active tuberculosis in migrants screened before entry to the UK: a population-based cross-sectional study

SummaryBackgroundAn increasing number of countries with low incidence of tuberculosis have pre-entry screening programmes for migrants. We present the first estimates of the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis in migrants from 15 high-incidence countries screened before entry to the UK.MethodsWe did a population-based cross-sectional study of applicants for long-term visas who were screened for tuberculosis before entry to the UK in a pilot programme between Oct 1, 2005, and Dec 31, 2013. The primary outcome was prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis. We used Poisson regression to estimate crude prevalence and created a multivariable logistic regression model to identify risk factors for the primary outcome.Findings476 455 visa applicants were screened, and the crude prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis was 92 (95% CI 84–101) per 100 000 individuals. After adjustment for age and sex, factors that were strongly associated with an increased risk of bacteriologically confirmed disease at pre-entry screening were self-report of close or household contact with an individual with tuberculosis (odds ratio 11·6, 95% CI 7·0–19·3; p<0·0001) and being an applicant for settlement and dependant visas (1·3, 1·0–1·6; p=0·0203).InterpretationMigrants reporting contact with an individual with tuberculosis had the highest risk of tuberculosis at pre-entry screening. To tackle this disease burden in migrants, a comprehensive and collaborative approach is needed between countries with pre-entry screening programmes, health services in the countries of origin and migration, national tuberculosis control programmes, and international public health bodies.FundingWellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, and UK National Institute for Health Research
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (η) and azimuthal angle (φ). Short-range correlations in Δη, which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple "independent cluster" parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in η (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 nb -1 data set at 7TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate px of 1-3 GeV/c, 2.0 < |Δη| < 4.8 and Δφ ≈0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or pp̄ collisions.CERN and other CMS Institutes; TÜBİTA
Dissipative instability in a partially ionised prominence slab

We investigate the nature of dissipative instability appearing in a
prominence planar thread filled with partially ionised plasma in the
incompressible limit. The importance of partial ionisation is investigated in
terms of the ionisation factor and wavelength of waves propagating in the slab.
To highlight the role of partial ionisation, we have constructed models
describing various situations we can meet in solar prominence fine structure.
Matching the solutions for the transversal component of the velocity and total
pressure at the interfaces between the prominence slab and surrounding plasmas,
we derived a dispersion relation whose imaginary part describes the evolution
of the instability. Results are obtained in the limit of weak dissipation. We
have investigated the appearance of instabilities in prominence dark plumes
using single and two-fluid approximations. We show that dissipative
instabilities appear for flow speeds that are less than the Kelvin-Helmholtz
instability threshold. The onset of instability is determined by the
equilibrium flow strength, the ionisation factor of the plasma, the wavelength
of waves and the ion-neutral collisional rate. For a given wavelength and for
ionisation degrees closer to a neutral gas, the propagating waves become
unstable for a narrow band of flow speeds, meaning that neutrals have a
stabilising effect. Our results show that the partially ionised plasma
describing prominence dark plumes becomes unstable only in a two-fluid (charged
particles-neutrals) model, that is for periods that are smaller than the
ion-neutral collision time. The present study improves our understanding of
stability of solar prominences and the role of partial ionisation in
destabilising the plasma. We show the necessity of two-fluid approximation when
discussing the nature of instabilities: waves in a single fluid approximation
show a great deal of stability.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
D-optimal designs for complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes

Complex Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) processes have various applications in
statistical modelling. They play role e.g. in the description of the motion of
a charged test particle in a constant magnetic field or in the study of
rotating waves in time-dependent reaction diffusion systems, whereas Kolmogorov
used such a process to model the so-called Chandler wobble, small deviation in
the Earth's axis of rotation. In these applications parameter estimation and
model fitting is based on discrete observations of the underlying stochastic
process, however, the accuracy of the results strongly depend on the
observation points.
  This paper studies the properties of D-optimal designs for estimating the
parameters of a complex OU process with a trend. We show that in contrast with
the case of the classical real OU process, a D-optimal design exists not only
for the trend parameter, but also for joint estimation of the covariance
parameters, moreover, these optimal designs are equidistant.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure