pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Experimental warming differentially affects microbial structure and activity in two contrasted moisture sites in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland

International audienceSeveral studies on the impact of climate warming have indicated that peat decomposition/mineralizationwill beenhanced. Most of these studies deal with the impact of experimental warming during summer when prevalentabiotic conditions are favorable to decomposition. Here, we investigated the effect of experimental air warmingby open-top chambers (OTCs) onwater-extractable organic matter (WEOM), microbial biomasses and enzymaticactivities in two contrasted moisture sites named Bog and Fen sites, the latter considered as the wetter ones.While no or few changes in peat temperature and water content appeared under the overall effect of OTCs, weobserved that air warming smoothed water content differences and led to a decrease in mean peat temperatureat thewarmed Bog sites. This thermal discrepancy between the two sites led to contrasting changes in microbialstructure and activities: a rise in hydrolytic activity at the warmed Bog sites and a relative enhancement of bacterialbiomass at thewarmed Fen sites. These featureswere not associated with any change inWEOMpropertiesnamely carbon and sugar contents and aromaticity, suggesting that air warming did not trigger any shift in OMdecomposition. Using various tools, we show that the use of single indicators of OM decomposition can lead tofallacious conclusions.Lastly, these patterns may change seasonally as a consequence of complex interactions between groundwaterlevel and air warming, suggesting the need to improve our knowledge using a high time-resolution approach
PIK3CA mutations predict recurrence in localized microsatellite stable colon cancer

International audiencePIK3CA, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3Kα, is one of the most frequently altered oncogenes in colon cancer (CC), but its prognostic value is still a matter of debate. Few reports have addressed the association between PIK3CA mutations and survival and their results are controversial. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic impact of PIK3CA mutations in stage I–III CC according to mismatch repair status. Fresh frozen tissue samples from two independent cohorts with a total of 826 patients who underwent curative surgical resection of CC were analyzed for microsatellite instability and screened for activating point mutations in exon 9 and 20 of PIK3CA by direct sequencing. Overall, 693 tumors (84%) exhibited microsatellite stability (MSS) and 113 samples (14%) harbored PIK3CA mutation. In the retrospective training cohort (n = 433), patients with PIK3CA-mutated MSS tumors (n = 47) experienced a significant increased 5-year relapse-free interval compared with PIK3CA wild-type MSS tumors (n = 319) in univariate analysis (94% vs. 68%, Log-rank P = 0. 0003) and in multivariate analysis (HR = 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.029–0.48; P = 0.0027). In the prospective validation cohort (n = 393), the favorable prognostic impact of PIK3CA mutations in MSS tumors (n = 327) was confirmed (83% vs. 67%, Log-rank P = 0.04). Our study showed that PIK3CA mutations are associated with a good prognosis in patients with MSS stage I–III CC
In vivo imaging of estrogen receptor concentration in the endometrium and myometrium using FES PET--influence of menstrual cycle and endogenous estrogen level.

Purpose
The goals of this study were to measure estrogen receptor (ER) concentration in the endometrium and myometrium using 16α-[18F]fluoro-17β-estradiol (FES) positron emission tomography (PET) and to investigate the relationship between changes in these parameters with the menstrual cycle and endogenous estrogen levels.

Methods
Sixteen female healthy volunteers were included in this study. After blood sampling to measure endogenous estrogen level, FES PET image was acquired 60 min postinjection of FES. After whole-body imaging of FES PET, averaged standardized uptake values (SUVs) in the endometrium and myometrium were measured, and the relationship between FES uptake and menstrual cycle or endogenous estrogen level was evaluated.

Results
Endometrial SUV was significantly higher in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase (6.03±1.05 vs. 3.97±1.29, P=.022). In contrast, there was no significant difference in myometrial SUV when the proliferative and secretory phases were compared (P=.23). Further, there was no correlation between SUV and endogenous estrogen level in the proliferative phase.

Conclusions
The change of ER concentration relative to menstrual cycle as characterized by FES PET was consistent with those from previous reports that used an immunohistochemical technique. These data suggest that FES PET is a feasible, noninvasive method for characterizing changes in ER concentration
PIV measurement of particle motion in spiral gas–solid two-phase flow

With a concise review on some basic and novel algorithms and methods for the techniques of particle-imaging velocimetry (PIV), the paper reports an application of the PIV techniques to the investigation of particle motion in a gas–solid two-phase spiral flow in a horizontal tube. Axial velocities of the transported particles are obtained. Some important features of particle motion governing high transportation efficiency of the spiral flow are revealed by investigating probability density distribution of particle locations in a pipe cross-section
TAT-mediated peroxiredoxin 5 and 6 protein transduction protect against high glucose-induced cytotoxicity in retinal pericytes

Aims: Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is implicated to be involved in pericyte
	apoptosis seen in diabetic retinopathy. The six mammalian Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs)
	comprise a novel family of antioxidative proteins that negatively regulate oxidative
	stress-induced apoptosis by controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
	Main methods: Sprague Dawley rats were used to detect the retinal expressions of
	PRDXs1-6. Pig pericytes cultured in high-glucose medium were used to monitor the
	protective effect of PRDX5 and 6 against high-glucose- associated change. Recombinant
	PRDX5 and 6 proteins were linked to the Trans-Activating Transduction (TAT) domain
	from HIV-1 TAT protein for their efficient delivery into cells/tissues.
	Key findings: We found higher expression of PRDX5 and 6 mRNAs and PRDX5 and 6
	proteins in retina than the other Prdxs (Prdx 1–4). Western blotting affirmed the
	intracellular presence of TAT-linked proteins and revealed the efficient transduction of
	TAT-HA-PRDX5 and 6 in these cells. Extrinsic supply of TAT-HA-PRDX5 and 6 proteins
	inhibited the oxidative stress induced DNA damage after high-glucose exposure in pig
	pericytes. The cell survival and apoptosis assay revealed that extrinsic supply of TATHA-
	PRDX5 and 6 proteins were responsible for inhibiting hyperglycemia-induced pericyte
	2
	apoptosis.
	Significance: Results suggest that delivery of PRDX5 and 6 might protect hyperglycemiainduced
	pericyte loss to inhibit oxidative stress
Decision-making for unmanned aerial vehicle operation in icing conditions

With the increased use of unmanned aerial systems
(UAS) for civil and commercial applications, there is
a strong demand for new regulations and technology that
will eventually permit for the integration of UAS in
unsegregated airspace. This requires new technology to
ensure sufficient safety and a smooth integration process.
The absence of a pilot on board a vehicle introduces new
problems that do not arise in manned flight. One challenging
and safety-critical issue is flight in known icing
conditions. Whereas in manned flight, dealing with icing is
left to the pilot and his appraisal of the situation at hand; in
unmanned flight, this is no longer an option and new
solutions are required. To address this, an icing-related
decision-making system (IRDMS) is proposed. The system
quantifies in-flight icing based on changes in aircraft performance
and measurements of environmental properties,
and evaluates what the effects on the aircraft are. Based on
this, it determines whether the aircraft can proceed, and
whether and which available icing protection systems should be activated. In this way, advice on an appropriate
response is given to the operator on the ground, to ensure
safe continuation of the flight and avoid possible accidents
SODE: Self-Adaptive One-Dependence Estimators for classification

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. SuperParent-One-Dependence Estimators (SPODEs) represent a family of semi-naive Bayesian classifiers which relax the attribute independence assumption of Naive Bayes (NB) to allow each attribute to depend on a common single attribute (superparent). SPODEs can effectively handle data with attribute dependency but still inherent NB's key advantages such as computational efficiency and robustness for high dimensional data. In reality, determining an optimal superparent for SPODEs is difficult. One common approach is to use weighted combinations of multiple SPODEs, each having a different superparent with a properly assigned weight value (i.e., a weight value is assigned to each attribute). In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive SPODEs, namely SODE, which uses immunity theory in artificial immune systems to automatically and self-adaptively select the weight for each single SPODE. SODE does not need to know the importance of individual SPODE nor the relevance among SPODEs, and can flexibly and efficiently search optimal weight values for each SPODE during the learning process. Extensive experiments and comparisons on 56 benchmark data sets, and validations on image and text classification, demonstrate that SODE outperforms state-of-the-art weighted SPODE algorithms and is suitable for a wide range of learning tasks. Results also confirm that SODE provides an appropriate balance between runtime efficiency and accuracy
Protein cross-linking by chlorinated polyamines and transglutamylation stabilizes neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) ejected from activated dying neutrophils is a highly ordered structure of DNA and selected proteins capable to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. Biochemical determinants of the non-randomly formed stable NETs have not been revealed so far. Studying the formation of human NETs we have observed that polyamines were incorporated into the NET. Inhibition of myeloperoxidase, which is essential for NET formation and can generate reactive chlorinated polyamines through hypochlorous acid, decreased polyamine incorporation. Addition of exogenous primary amines that similarly to polyamines  inhibit reactions catalyzed by the protein cross-linker transglutaminases (TGases) has similar effect. Proteomic analysis of the highly reproducible pattern of NET components revealed cross-linking of NET proteins through chlorinated polyamines and varepsilon(gamma-glutamyl)lysine as well as bis-gamma-glutamyl polyamine bonds catalyzed by the TGases detected in neutrophils. Competitive inhibition of protein cross-linking by monoamines disturbed the cross-linking pattern of NET proteins, which resulted in the loss of the ordered structure of the NET and significantly reduced capacity to trap bacteria. Our findings provide explanation of how NETs are formed in a reproducible and ordered manner to efficiently neutralize microorganisms at the first defense line of the innate immune system
Sensitivity of Shallow Land Burial to neutron environment and activation cross sections in IFE thick-liquid concepts

A comprehensive assessment on the eligibility of reduced activation (RA) steels as structural chamber material in Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) thick-liquid concepts is performed. As far as alloying elements, it is shown that the activation of tungsten is a question to debate. Regarding impurity elements, it is analyzed if they could question the possibility of obtaining real RA steels for shallow land burial (SLB). The effect of the thickness of the liquid wall on the SLB response of alloying and impurity elements is computed. And above all, we have estimated the impact of cross section uncertainties when addressing the former questions, and we identify those to be improved. The necessary improvement of some tungsten and\ud
niobium cross sections is justified
The Gas-Phase H/D Exchange Mechanism of Protonated Amino Acids

A mass spectrometry and Density Functional Theory study of gas-phase H/D exchange in protonated Ala, Cys, Ile, Leu, Met, and Val is reported. Site-specific rate constants were determined and results identify the α-amino group as the protonation site. Lack of exchange on the Cys thiol group is explained by the absence of strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding within the reaction complex. In aliphatic amino acids the presence of a methyl group at the β-C atom was found to lower the site-specific H/D exchange rate for amino hydrogens. Study of the exchange mechanism showed that isotopic exchange occurs in two independent reactions: in one, only the carboxylic hydrogen is exchanged and in the other, both carboxylic and amino group hydrogens exchange. The proposed reaction mechanisms, calculated structures of various species, and a number of structural findings are consistent with experimental data
Analysis of order reduction when integrating linear initial boundary value problems with Lawson methods.

In this paper, a thorough analysis is given for the order which is observed when integrating evolutionary linear partial differential equations with Lawson methods. The analysis is performed under the general framework of C0-semigroups in Banach spaces and hence it can be applied to the numerical time integration of many initial boundary value problems which are described by linear partial differential equations. Conditions of regularity and annihilation at the boundary of these problems are then stated to justify the precise order which is observed, including fractional order of convergence.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación: MTM 2015-66837-
Measurement and Modelling of the Propagation Channel between Low Height Terminals

The evaluation of communication systems with low-height terminals requires path loss models that are applicable to low-height links. For the terminology low-height, the range 0.5 (mobile-) to 3m (fixed-node) above ground is considered. Herein, empirical non-time-dispersive propagation models for relaying systems with low-height terminals are proposed. The models consist of line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight branches. Single- and two-slope modelling approaches were examined. The models take into account the effect of frequency, transmitter and receiver height, and environment. They are complemented by shadowing and fast-fading distribution and correlation statistics. The performance of the models in producing accurate estimations is evaluated by comparison with sets of independent data
A study of software development team dynamics in SPI

The software development team is a key factor in software projects, however, achieving and maintaining positive team dynamics in software development project especially when the software companies have fewer resources in term of people, money and time is a remarkable challenge. This paper explores the dynamics of software development teams (structure, process, communication, learning and sharing) and its impact on Software Process Improvement (SPI) in very small software organization, in order to understand the impact between these two variables. We undertook a series of interviews and focus groups with very small software companies and our results show that very small companies have a high level of team dynamics although their SPI initiatives are conducted on a small scale and in an informal and indirect manner. The results also indicated that this situation occurs due to the working and social relationship, willingness to share, having a good interpersonal skill and work closely each others
Using grounded theory to understand software process improvement: A study of Irish software product companies

Software Process Improvement (SPI) aims to understand the software process as it is used within an organisation and thus drive the implementation of changes to that process to achieve specific goals such as increasing development speed, achieving higher product quality or reducing costs. Accordingly, SPI researchers must be equipped with the methodologies and tools to enable them to look within organisations and understand the state of practice with respect to software process and process improvement initiatives, in addition to investigating the relevant literature. Having examined a number of potentially suitable research methodologies, we have chosen Grounded Theory as a suitable approach to determine what was happening in actual practice in relation to software process and SPI, using the indigenous Irish software product industry as a test-bed. The outcome of this study is a theory, grounded in the field data, that explains when and why SPI is undertaken by the software industry. The objective of this paper is to describe both the selection and usage of grounded theory in this study and evaluate its effectiveness as a research methodology for software process researchers. Accordingly, this paper will focus on the selection and usage of grounded theory, rather than results of the SPI study itself
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Zagreb, Croatia

We used respondent-driven sampling among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zagreb, Croatia in 2006 to investigate the prevalence of HIV, other sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviours. We recruited 360 MSM. HIV infection was diagnosed in 4.5%. The seroprevalence of antibodies to viral pathogens was: herpes simplex virus type-2, 9.4%; hepatitis A, 14.2%; hepatitis C, 3.0%. Eighty percent of participants were susceptible to HBV infection (HBs antigen negative, and no antibodies to HBs and HBc antigen). Syphilis seroprevalence was 10.6%. Prevalence of Chlamydia and gonorrhoea was 9.0%, and 13.2%, respectively. Results indicate the need for interventions to diagnose, treat and prevent sexually transmitted infections among this population
Analysis of nonhydrostatic high-pressure diffraction data (cubic system): Assessment of various assumptions in the theory

The mathematical formulation commonly used to analyze the high-pressure diffraction data from the sample under nonhydrostatic compression is based on three assumptions: A1—a weighted harmonic mean of the diffraction shear moduli under Reuss and Voigt limits with a weight parameter  that\ud
lies between 0.5 and 1 describes adequately the diffraction shear modulus; A2—a stress tensor with only the diagonal terms describes the stress state at the center of the sample under nonhydrostatic compression; and A3—the lattice-strain equations derived using only the linear elasticity theory are adequate to derive strength and elastic moduli from the diffraction data. To examine A1 we derive\ud
compressive strength, diffraction shear moduli, and single-crystal elastic moduli from the\ud
experimental high-pressure x-ray diffraction data on bcc Fe, Au, Mo, and FeO. These data contain\ud
plastic deformation effects. The diffraction shear modulus in the limit of small deformation elastic\ud
is computed using rigorous formulae derived by Kröner Z. Phys. 151, 504 1958 and de Wit\ud
J. Appl. Crystallogr. 30, 510 1997. The elastic moduli are derived from the computed shear\ud
moduli assuming the validity of A1. The results show that A1 with 0.5 is valid for small\ud
deformation in all four cases. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that A1 is valid with\ud
1 for solids with x1 where x=2C44 / C11−C12; for solids with x1, the validity of A1\ud
requires 1. At least for solids of the cubic system, the effect of plastic deformation appears to\ud
be fully contained in a single parameter. In practice, deviations from A2 of varying magnitudes\ud
occur mainly because of the difficulty in avoiding diffraction from regions of stress gradient in the\ud
sample. A discussion of A3 is presented
MIRACLE at ImageCLEFanot 2007: Machine Learning Experiments on Medical Image Annotation

This paper describes the participation of MIRACLE research consortium at the ImageCLEF Medical Image Annotation task of ImageCLEF 2007. Our areas of expertise do not include image analysis, thus we approach this task as a machine-learning problem, regardless of the domain. FIRE is used as a black-box algorithm to extract different groups of image features that are later used for training different classifiers based on kNN algorithm in order to predict the IRMA code. The main idea behind the definition of our experiments is to evaluate whether an axis-by-axis prediction is better than a prediction by pairs of axes or the complete code, or vice versa
Analysing high technology adoption and impact within public supported high tech programs. An empirical case.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge in relation to the diffusion and adoption process of high technology. It intends to analyse those mechanisms that influence advanced technology transference and marketing, and those features that improve the impact of public programs supporting the adoption of high technology. The paper proposes a contingent construct that explains how advanced technology is transferred, diffused and adopted by users in a firm. In relation to the impact of technology transference this paper follows a novel approach: value mapping methodology adapted to the case of advanced technology. The article provides empirical evidence on the variables which contribute to the technology transference and commercialization process, and especially in the case of SMES. Key variables such as technology complexity, relationships between researchers, developers and final users, as well as market barriers appear to be critical for the transference process. Moreover, technology absorption by incumbent firms becomes a necessary requirement for its subsequent transfer.\ud
The paper has utilised the available experience from the GAME initiative, part of the European Commission IV Research Framework Programme, related to the promotion of microelectronics among Spanish firms. Using a representative sample and employing multivariable analysis methods, a model was developed in order to understand technology diffusion, absorption and transference knowledge flows. In addition, the model is useful for evaluating technology dissemination using the diffusion model to measure its social impact. The paper found that social impact can be explained by the creation of employment
Is It Possible to Predict the Manual Web Accessibility Result Using the Automatic Result?

The most adequate approach for benchmarking web accessibility is manual expert evaluation supplemented by automatic analysis tools. But manual evaluation has a high cost and is impractical to be applied on large websites. In reality, there is no choice but to rely on automated tools when reviewing large web sites for accessibility. The question is: to what extent the results from automatic evaluation of a web site and individual web pages can be used as an approximation for manual results? This paper presents the initial results of an investigation aimed at answering this question. He have performed both manual and automatic evaluations of the accessibility of web pages of two sites and we have compared the results. In our data set automatically retrieved results could most definitely be used as an approximation manual evaluation results