pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis and modeling of embedded processors

This paper presents a complete modeling approach to analyze the thermal behavior of microprocessor-based systems. While most compact modeling approaches require a deep knowledge of the implementation details, our method defines a black box technique which can be applied to different target processors when this detailed information is unknown. The obtained results show high accuracy, applicability and can be easily automated. The proposed methodology has been used to study the impact of code transformations in the thermal behavior of the chip. Finally, the analysis of the thermal effect of the source code modifications can be included in a temperature-aware compiler which minimizes the total temperature of the chip, as well as the temperature gradients, according to these guidelines
Optimal Protocols and Optimal Transport in Stochastic Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics of small systems has become an important field of statistical physics. Such systems\ud
are driven out of equilibrium by a control, and the question is naturally posed how such a control can be\ud
optimized. We show that optimization problems in small system thermodynamics are solved by\ud
(deterministic) optimal transport, for which very efficient numerical methods have been developed, and\ud
of which there are applications in cosmology, fluid mechanics, logistics, and many other fields. We show,\ud
in particular, that minimizing expected heat released or work done during a nonequilibrium transition in\ud
finite time is solved by the Burgers equation and mass transport by the Burgers velocity field. Our\ud
contribution hence considerably extends the range of solvable optimization problems in small system\ud
thermodynamics
A Balanced Memory-Based Collaborative Filtering Similarity Measure.

Collaborative filtering recommender systems contribute to alleviating the problem of information overload that exists on the Internet as a result of the mass use of Web 2.0 applications. The use of an adequate similarity measure becomes a determining factor in the quality of the prediction and recommendation results of the recommender system, as well as in its performance. In this paper, we present a memory-based collaborative filtering similarity measure that provides extremely high-quality and balanced results; these results are complemented with a low processing time (high performance), similar to the one required to execute traditional similarity metrics. The experiments have been carried out on the MovieLens and Netflix databases, using a representative set of information retrieval quality measures
Gesture recognition using mobile phone's inertial sensors

The availability of inertial sensors embedded in mobile devices has enabled a new type of interaction based on the movements or “gestures” made by the users when holding the device. In this paper we propose a gesture recognition system for mobile devices based on accelerometer and gyroscope measurements. The system is capable of recognizing a set of predefined gestures in a user-independent way, without the need of a training phase. Furthermore, it was designed to be executed in real-time in resource-constrained devices, and therefore has a low computational complexity. The performance of the system is evaluated offline using a dataset of gestures, and also online, through some user tests with the system running in a smart phone
Debating contemporary urban conflicts: A survey of selected scholars

This survey presents the results of a questionnaire sent to a list of key scholars and professionals in fields related to urban processes and planning – town planning, geography, sociology, architecture and anthropology. The survey raised four simple, straightforward questions. What are the most pressing conflicts with regard to contemporary cities? What are the main fields of action for solving them? How can your discipline contribute with respect to this task? Could you mention an intervention that could serve as an example of that line of work? The response represents a plural and multidisciplinary perspective on contemporary urban issues from which a series of research and intervention perspectives emerges
Component integration strategies in metamorphic 4-junction III-V concentrator solar cells

Progressing beyond 3-junction inverted-metamorphic multijunction solar cells grown on GaAs substrates, to 4-junction devices, requires the development of high quality metamorphic 0.7 eV GaInAs solar cells. Once accomplished, the integration of this subcell into a full, Monolithic, series connected, 4J-IMM structure demands the development of a metamorphic tunnel junction lattice matched to the 1eV GaInAs subcell. Moreover, the 0.7 eV junction adds about 2 hours of growth time to the structure, implying a heavier annealing of the subcells and tunnel junctions grown first. The final 4J structure is above 20 Pm thick, with about half of this thickness used by the metamorphic buffers required to change the lattice constant throughout the structure. Thinning of these buffers would help reduce the total thickness of the 4J structure to decrease its growth cost and the annealing time. These three topics: development of a metamorphic tunnel junction for the 4th junction, analysis of the annealing, and thinning of the structure, are tackled in this work. The results presented show the successful implementation of an antimonide-based tunnel junction for the 4th junction and of pathways to mitigate the impact of annealing and reduce the thickness of the metamorphic buffers
Optimization of energy extraction in transverse galloping

A numerical method to analyse the stability of transverse galloping based on experimental measurements, as an alternative method to polynomial fitting of the transverse force coefficient Cz, is proposed in this paper. The Glauert–Den Hartog criterion is used to determine the region of angles of attack (pitch angles) prone to present galloping. An analytic solution (based on a polynomial curve of Cz) is used to validate the method and to evaluate the  discretization errors. Several bodies (of biconvex, D-shape and rhomboidal cross sections) have been tested in a wind tunnel and the stability of the galloping region has been analysed with the new method. An algorithm to determine the pitch angle of the body that allows the maximum value of the kinetic energy of the flow to be extracted is presented
Urban Bus Demand Forecast at Stop Level: Space Syntax and Other Built Environment Factors. Evidence from Madrid

Urban buses propose a challenge for traditional four-steps models of ridership estimation, as they require a different, closer scale approach, including the consideration of multiple possible stop-choices by travelers within walking distance. Thus, any model based on zoning and the bias of associating population to the nearest stop does not seem coherent in the case of urban bus. This study empirically examines the potential of possible ?attraction? descriptors, such as spatial integration (as described by the Space Syntax methodology) and other urban environment factors in order to estimate urban buses ridership by a direct forecast model based on multiple linear regression. Common explanatory factors found in the literature include population and employment in the vicinity area, as well as transport system service and performance. Some authors have claimed the predictive power of built environment variables (summarized by Cervero and Kockelman's three Ds: Density, Diversity and Design), which are supposed to describe pedestrian accessibility and attractiveness. This paper proposes that spatial-configurational measures (e.g. Space Syntax) could play an important role, given that these factors have proved themselves synthetic proxies for many urban processes and in order to describe spatial-configurational hierarchy and consequent attraction power. A demand forecast model at a stop level is explored by means of multiple linear regressions. Bus transport ridership at 84 stops in Madrid is forecasted using urban environment and spatial integration variables, as well as transport network accessibility indicators. Results seem encouraging and support that Space Syntax and other network integration variables could be an important asset for urban bus demand forecast models at a station level
Relationship between depressive symptoms and acute low back pain at first medical consultation, three and six weeks of primary care

Background: Aim of the study was to test lagged reciprocal effects of depressive symptoms and acute low back pain (LBP) across the first weeks of primary care.
Methods: In a prospective inception cohort study, 221 primary care patients with acute or subacute LBP were assessed at the time of initial consultation and then followed up at three and six weeks. Key measures were depressive symptoms (modified Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) and LBP (sensory pain, present pain index and visual analogue scale of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire). 
Results: When only cross-lagged effects of six weeks were tested, a reciprocal positive relationship between LBP and depressive symptoms was shown in a cross-lagged structural equation model (β = .15 and .17, p < .01). When lagged reciprocal paths at three- and sixweek follow-up were tested, depressive symptoms at the time of consultation predicted higher LBP severity after three weeks (β = .23, p < .01). LBP after three weeks had in turn a positive cross-lagged effect on depression after six weeks (β = .27, p < .001). 
Conclusions: Reciprocal effects of depressive symptoms and LBP seem to depend on time under medical treatment. Health practitioners should screen for and treat depressive symptoms at the first consultation to improve the LBP treatment
Multiparameter toxicity assessment of novel DOPO-derived organophosphorus flame retardants

Halogen-free organophosphorus flame retardants are considered as replacements for the phased-out class of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, toxicological information on new flame retardants is still limited. Based on their excellent flame retardation potential, we have selected three novel 9,10- dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) derivatives and assessed their toxicological profile using a battery of in vitro test systems in order to provide toxicological information before their large-scale production and use. PBDE-99, applied as a reference compound, exhibited distinct neuroselective cytotoxicity at concentrations ≥10 μM. 6-(2-((6-Oxidodibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinin-6-yl)amino)ethoxydibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide) (ETA-DOPO) and 6,6′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(dibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphinine-6-oxide) (EG-DOPO) displayed adverse effects at concentrations >10 μM in test systems reflecting the properties of human central and peripheral nervous system neurons, as well as in a set of non-neuronal cell types. DOPO and its derivative 6,6′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))bis(6H-dibenzo[1,2]oxaphosphine-6-oxide) (EDA-DOPO) were neither neurotoxic, nor did they exhibit an influence on neural crest cell migration, or on the integrity of human skin equivalents.The two compounds furthermore displayed no inflammatory activation potential, nor did they affect algae growth or daphnia viability at concentrations ≤400 μM. Based on the superior flame retardation properties,biophysical features suited for use in polyurethane foams, and low cytotoxicity of EDA-DOPO, our results suggest that it is a candidate for the replacement of currently applied flame retardants
Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties13; of Pb1x2013;xCex(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3, 0 xA3; x xA3; 0.08

The ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric13; properties of compositions Pb1x2013;xCex (Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3,13; (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) are studied. The13; above compositions are prepared from their constituent13; oxides, calcined at 900 C for 4 h and various phases13; present are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)13; technique. The above powders are uniaxially pressed into13; circular compacts, sintered at 1,250 C for 2 h, electroded,13; poled at 2 kV/mm D.C. voltage and their electrical properties13; are measured. The XRD analysis shows the presence13; of rhombohedral phase up to 2 mol% ceria while tetragonal13; phase found at higher concentrations. It is observed that13; the ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties13; increase with the addition of ceria with a maximum at13; 2 mol% and then decreases. The higher piezo properties13; associated with low ceria concentration are attributed to13; rhombohedral phase
Shape coexistence in the very neutron-rich odd-odd $^{96}Rb$

Microsecond isomers of neutron-rich nuclei in the masses A=96 and 98 were reinvestigated at the ILL reactor (Grenoble). These nuclei were produced by thermal-neutron induced fission of $^{241}$Pu. The detection is based on time correlation between fission fragments selected by the Lohengrin mass spectrometer, and the $\gamma$ rays and conversion electrons from the isomers. A new level scheme of $^{96}$Rb is proposed. We have found that the ground state and low-lying levels of this nucleus are rather spherical, while a rotational band develops at 461 keV energy. This bans has properties consistent with a $\pi[431 3/2] x \nu[541 3/2]K = 3^-$ Nilsson assignment and a deformation $\beta_2 > 0.28$. It is fed by a $10^-$ microsecond isomer consistent with a $\pi(g_{9/2})\nu(h_{11/2})$ sperical configuration. It is interesting to note that the same unique-parity states $\pi(g_{9/2})$ and $\nu(h_{11/2})$ are present in the same nucleus in a deformed and in a spherical configuration. The neighbouring odd-odd nucleus $^{98}$Y presents a strong analogy with $^{96}$Rb and is also discussed
A New Direction for Science and Values

The controversy over the old ideal of ``value-free science'' has cooled significantly over the past decade.  Many philosophers of science now agree that even ethical and political values may play a substantial role in all aspects of scientific inquiry.  Consequently, in the last few years, work in science and values has become more specific:  Which values may influence science, and in which ways?  Or, how do we distinguish illegitimate from illegitimate kinds of influence?    In this paper, I argue that this problem requires philosophers of science to take a new direction.  I present two case studies in the influence of values on scientific inquiry:  feminist values in archaeology and commercial values in pharmaceutical research.  I offer a preliminary assessment of these cases, that the influence of values was legitimate in the feminist case, but not in the pharmaceutical case.  I then turn to three major approaches to distinguish legitimate from illegitimate influences of values, including the distinction between epistemic and non-epistemic values and Heather Douglas' distinction between direct and indirect roles for values.  I argue that none of these three approaches gives an adequate analysis of the two cases.  In the concluding section, I briefly sketch my own approach, which draws more heavily on ethics than the others, and is more promising as a solution to the current problem.  This is the new direction in which I think science and values should move
Cities as enterprises: a comparison of Smart City frameworks based on enterprise architecture requirements

There is a significant challenge in the smart cities implementation because it is not straightforward to align the smart city strategy with the impact on the life of quality. Stakeholders’ concerns are multiple and diverse, and there are a high interdependency and heterogeneity of technologies and solutions. To tackle this challenge, cities can be understood as enterprises. Enterprise Architecture (EA) approach can be applied to support its development and transformation. This approach specifies core requirements on business, information, and technology domains, which are essential to model architecture components and to establish relations between these domains. Existing smart cities frame-works describe different components and domains. However, the main domain requirements and the relations between them are still missing. This paper identifies essential requirements of enterprise architecture in smart cities. These requirements will be used to review and compare current smart city frameworks
Fundamental Properties of Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs

Original paper can be found at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/1094.jsp Copyright American Institute of Physics. DOI: 10.1063/1.3099100Precise measurements of the fundamental properties of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs are key to understanding the physics underlying their formation and evolution. While there has been great progress over the last decade in studying the bulk spectrophotometric properties of low-mass objects, direct determination of their masses, radii, and temperatures have been very sparse. Thus, theoretical predictions of low-mass evolution and ultracool atmospheres remain to be rigorously tested. The situation is alarming given that such models are widely used, from the determination of the low-mass end of the initial mass function to the characterization of exoplanets.An increasing number of mass, radius, and age determinations are placing critical constraints on the physics of low-mass objects. A wide variety of approaches are being pursued, including eclipsing binary studies, astrometric-spectroscopic orbital solutions, interferometry, and characterization of benchmark systems. In parallel, many more systems suitable for concerted study are now being found, thanks to new capabilities spanning both the very widest (all-sky surveys) and very narrowest (diffraction-limited adaptive optics) areas of the sky. This Cool Stars 15 splinter session highlighted the current successes and limitations of this rapidly growing area of precision astrophysics
Comparison between defects and micro-notches in multiaxial fatigue – The size effect and the gradient effect

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142112308002156This paper attempts to improve the understanding of the multiaxial high cycle fatigue response of micro sized stress concentrations or notches of different geometries. The investigation is composed of an experimental part and a numerical part. In the former, three types of micro-notches or “artificial defects” are compared: spherical, elliptical and circumferential. All types have the same basic dimensions, the difference being the 3D geometry. The notches were machined on the surface of smooth cylindrical specimens made of mild steel. The fatigue limits under reversed tension (push–pull) and reversed torsional loading conditions for different micro-notch sizes have been experimentally determined. In the numerical part, finite elements simulations using a cyclic elasto-plastic material behaviour law show that the mechanical state ahead of the different stress concentrations change drastically with the loading mode and the geometry of the artificial defect. From a fatigue point of view, it is shown that a stress gradient correction is required for all the loading, size and geometry configurations. Once the gradient correction is made and a proper multiaxial criterion is used, it appears that the size effect due to increasing the loaded surface area at the notch tip for the different geometries is negligible compared to the gradient effect
Development and validation of a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of insulin from nanoparticulate systems

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of insulin in nanoparticulate dosage forms. Its application for the development and characterization of insulin-loaded nanoparticulates composed of polyelectrolytes has also been carried out. A reversed-phase (RP) C18 column and gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used. Protein identification was made by UV detection at 214 nm. The gradient changed from 30:70 (ACN:TFA, v/v) to 40:60 (v/v) in 5 min followed by isocratic elution at 40:60 (v/v) for a further five minutes. The method was linear in the range of 1-100 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9996), specific with a good inter-day and intra-day precision based on relative standard deviation values (less than 3.80%). The recovery was between 98.86 and 100.88% and the detection and quantitation limits were 0.24 and 0.72 µg/mL, respectively. The method was further tested for the determination of the association efficiency of insulin to nanoparticulate carriers composed of alginate and chitosan, as well as its loading capacity for this protein. Encapsulant release under simulated gastrointestinal fluids was evaluated. The method can be used for development and characterization of insulin-loaded nanoparticles made from cross-linked chitosan-alginate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.61
Propeller-like Conformation of Diphenylacetic Acid

Abstract  Crystal structure of diphenylacetic acid has been solved by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 12.254(4) Å, b = 7.2260(8) Å, c = 17.521(4) Å, ß = 133.38(1)°, Mr = 212.24, V = 1127.6(5) Å3, Z = 4 and R = 0.045. A strong hydrogen bond links the molecules in dimers. The dimers are connected by weaker C–H···p and p···p interactions. A calculation was performed for the isolated molecule and for the dimer within the Hartree-Fock (HF) level with a 6-311G(d) basis set. In both calculations, the minimum of the energy is achieved with the phenyl rings assuming a more symmetric arrangement around the central carboxylic plane than is experimentally observed.    Graphical Abstract  In diphenylacetic acid the molecules are coupled in dimers by a strong hydrogen bonds. Weaker intermolecular interactions involving the aromatic ring p systems join the dimers together.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10870-007-9311-
Testing the Use of the Water Milfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) in Laboratory Toxicity Assays

Abstract  Tests aiming to determine the toxic properties of compounds discharged into aquatic systems have relied more on fish or invertebrates than on primary producers and among a number of producers; algae are the most popular test organisms. Macrophytes are important ecological elements in freshwaters and are therefore potentially key organisms for use in toxicity testing of compounds suspected of acting in primary producers. The most common macrophyte used in toxicity testing is Lemna sp., but as a floating plant, it has the limitation of being exposed to toxic compounds only through its lower leaf surface, including roots and rhizoids. Therefore, it is questionable whether tests with Lemna may accurately predict potential effects on submersed and exposed plant species, which have different routs of exposure and morphology. Few other submersed macrophytes have been tested, notably Myriophyllum.  In the Iberian peninsula M. spicatum is the most common species within its genus and has been presented as a good bioaccumulator of heavy metals (Wang et al. 1996) and as being sensitive to several toxicants (e.g. Hanson et al. 2003). The aim of this study was to assess the potential of M. spicatum as a testing organism in laboratory assays, by obtaining axenic cultures of this plant and exposing them to several reference compounds to determine the sensitive endpoints.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9131-