pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The influence of task contexts on the decision-making of humans and computers.

Many environments in which people and computer agents interact involve deploying resources to accomplish tasks and satisfy goals. This paper investigates the way that the context in which decisions are made affects the behavior of people and the performance of computer agents that interact with people in such environments. It presents experiments that measured negotiation behavior in two different types of settings. One setting was a task context that made explicit the relationships among goals, (sub)tasks and resources. The other setting was a completely abstract context in which only the payoffs for the decision choices were listed. Results show that people are more helpful, less selfish, and less competitive when making decisions in task contexts than when making them in completely abstract contexts. Further, their overall performance was better in task contexts. A predictive computational model that was trained on data obtained in the task context outperformed a model that was trained under the abstract context. These results indicate that taking context into account is essential for the design of computer agents that will interact well with people.Engineering and Applied Science
A new phase field model of a 'Gas of Circles' for tree crown extraction from aerial images.

We describe a model for tree crown extraction from aerial images, a problem of great practical importance for the forestry industry. The novelty lies in the prior model of the region occupied by tree crowns in the image, which is a phase field version of the higher-order active contour inflection point 'gas of circles' model. The model combines the strengths of the inflection point model with those of the phase field framework: it removes the 'phantom circles' produced by the original 'gas of circles' model, while executing two orders of magnitude faster than the contour-based inflection point model. The model has many other areas of application e.g., to imagery in nanotechnology, biology, and physics
Real-time elimination of brightness in color images by MS Diagram and mathematical morphology

This paper proposes a real-time method for the detection and elimination of brightness in color images. We use a 2D-histogram that allows us to relate the signals of luminance and saturation of a color image and to identify the specularities in a given area of the histogram. This is known as the MS diagram and it is constructed from a polar color model. We use a new connected vectorial filter based on color morphology to eliminate the brightness. This filter operates only in the bright zones previously detected, reducing the high cost of processing of connected filters and avoiding over-simplification, in single-processing and multiprocessing environments
Deterministic and stochastic methods for gaze tracking in real-time

Presentado al 12th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns (CAIP-2007) celebrado en Viena (Austria) del 27 al 29 de agosto.Psychological evidence demonstrates how eye gaze analysis is requested for human computer interaction endowed with emotion recognition capabilities. The existing proposals analyse eyelid and iris motion by using colour information and edge detectors, but eye movements are quite fast and difficult for precise and robust tracking. Instead, we propose to reduce the dimensionality of the image-data by using multi-Gaussian modelling and transition estimations by applying partial differences. The tracking system can handle illumination changes, low-image resolution and occlusions while estimating eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables. Therefore, this is an accurate and robust tracking system for eyelids and irises in 3D for standard image quality.This work is supported by EC grants IST-027110 for the HERMES project, IST-045547 for the VIDI-Video project, by the Spanish MEC under\ud
projects TIN2006-14606 and DPI-2004-5414. Jordi Gonzàlez also acknowledges the support of a Juan de la Cierva Postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish MEC.Peer Reviewe
Raman imaging and electronic properties of graphene

Graphite is a well-studied material with known electronic and optical
properties. Graphene, on the other hand, which is just one layer of carbon
atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has been studied theoretically for quite
some time but has only recently become accessible for experiments. Here we
demonstrate how single- and multi-layer graphene can be unambiguously
identified using Raman scattering. Furthermore, we use a scanning Raman set-up
to image few-layer graphene flakes of various heights. In transport experiments
we measure weak localization and conductance fluctuations in a graphene flake
of about 7 monolayer thickness. We obtain a phase-coherence length of about 2
$\mu$m at a temperature of 2 K. Furthermore we investigate the conductivity
through single-layer graphene flakes and the tuning of electron and hole
densities via a back gate
Conceptual Problems of Inflationary Cosmology and a New Approach to
  Cosmological Structure Formation

In spite of its great phenomenological success, current models of scalar
field-driven inflation suffer from important unresolved conceptual issues. New
fundamental physics will be required to address these questions. String theory
is a candidate for a unified quantum theory of all four forces of nature. As
will be shown, string theory may lead to a cosmological background quite
different from an inflationary cosmology, and may admit a new stringy mechanism
for the origin of a roughly scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological
fluctuations.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures Based on an invited talk at "Inflation + 25",
  Paris, June 2006 To be published in the proceedings (Springer, 2007
Particle physics models of inflation

Inflation models are compared with observation on the assumption that the
curvature perturbation is generated from the vacuum fluctuation of the inflaton
field. The focus is on single-field models with canonical kinetic terms,
classified as small- medium- and large-field according to the variation of the
inflaton field while cosmological scales leave the horizon. Small-field models
are constructed according to the usual paradigm for beyond Standard Model
physicsComment: Based on a talk given at the 22nd IAP Colloquium, ``Inflation +25'',
  Paris, June 2006 Curve omitted from final Figur
Predictions in eternal inflation

In generic models of cosmological inflation, quantum fluctuations strongly
influence the spacetime metric and produce infinitely many regions where the
end of inflation (reheating) is delayed until arbitrarily late times. The
geometry of the resulting spacetime is highly inhomogeneous on scales of many
Hubble sizes. The recently developed string-theoretic picture of the
"landscape" presents a similar structure, where an infinite number of de
Sitter, flat, and anti-de Sitter universes are nucleated via quantum tunneling.
Since observers on the Earth have no information about their location within
the eternally inflating universe, the main question in this context is to
obtain statistical predictions for quantities observed at a random location. I
describe the problems arising within this statistical framework, such as the
need for a volume cutoff and the dependence of cutoff schemes on time slicing
and on the initial conditions. After reviewing different approaches and
mathematical techniques developed in the past two decades for studying these
issues, I discuss the existing proposals for extracting predictions and give
examples of their applications.Comment: Invited review for a LNP volume on inflationary cosmology. Figures
  included. Cosmetic changes, references reformatted according to "apsrev"
  Bibtex style to avoid citation ordering problems. Revtex style use
Inflationary Perturbations: the Cosmological Schwinger Effect

This pedagogical review aims at presenting the fundamental aspects of the
theory of inflationary cosmological perturbations of quantum-mechanical origin.
The analogy with the well-known Schwinger effect is discussed in detail and a
systematic comparison of the two physical phenomena is carried out. In
particular, it is demonstrated that the two underlying formalisms differ only
up to an irrelevant canonical transformation. Hence, the basic physical
mechanisms at play are similar in both cases and can be reduced to the
quantization of a parametric oscillator leading to particle creation due to the
interaction with a classical source: pair production in vacuum is therefore
equivalent to the appearance of a growing mode for the cosmological
fluctuations. The only difference lies in the nature of the source: an electric
field in the case of the Schwinger effect and the gravitational field in the
case of inflationary perturbations. Although, in the laboratory, it is
notoriously difficult to produce an electric field such that pairs extracted
from the vacuum can be detected, the gravitational field in the early universe
can be strong enough to lead to observable effects that ultimately reveal
themselves as temperature fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background.
Finally, the question of how quantum cosmological perturbations can be
considered as classical is discussed at the end of the article.Comment: 49 pages, 6 figures, to appear in a LNP volume "Inflationary
  Cosmology
The exact numerical treatment of inflationary models

The precision reached by the recent CMB measurements gives new insights into the shape of the primordial power spectra of the cosmological perturbations. In the context of inflationary cosmology, this implies that the CMB data are now sensitive to the form of the inflaton potential. Most of the current approaches devoted to the derivation of the inflationary primordial power spectra, or to the inflaton potential reconstruction problem, rely on approximate analytical treatments that may break down for exotic models. In this article, we numerically solve the inflationary evolution of both the background and all the perturbed quantities to extract the primordial power spectra exactly. Such a method solely relies on General Relativity and linear perturbation theory. More than providing a tool to test analytical approximations, one may consider, without complications, the treatment of non-standard inflationary models as those involving several fields, eventually non-minimally coupled to gravity. The usefulness of the exact numerical approach to deal with CMB data is illustrated by analysing the WMAP third year data in the context of single field models. For this purpose, we introduce a new inflationary related parameter encoding the basic properties of the reheating era. This reheating parameter has significant observable effects and provides a self-consistency test of inflationary models. As a working example, the marginalised probability distributions of the reheating and potential parameters associated with the small field models are presented
Towards a Management Paradigm with a Constrained Benchmark for Autonomic Communications

This paper describes a management paradigm to give effect to autonomic activation, monitoring and control of services or products in the future converged telecommunications networks. It suggests an architecture that places the various management functions into a structure that can then be used to select those functions which may yield to autonomic management, as well as guiding the design of the algorithms. The validation of this architecture, with particular focus on service configuration, is done via a genetic algorithm -- Population Based Incremental Learning (PBIL). Even with this centralized adaptation strategy, the simulation results show that the proposed architecture and benchmark can be applied to this constrained benchmark, produces effective convergence performance in terms of finding nearly optimal configurations under multiple constraints
A Nice Labelling for Tree-Like Event Structures of Degree 3

We address the problem of ﬁnding nice labellings for event structures of degree 3. We develop a minimum theory by which we prove that the labelling number of an event structure of degree 3 is bounded by a linear function of the height. The main theorem we present in this paper states that event structures of degree 3 whose causality order is a tree have a nice labelling with 3 colors. Finally, we exemplify how to use this theorem to construct upper bounds for the labelling number of other event structures of degree 3
Mobility control via passports (Extended abstract)

International audienceDπ is a simple distributed extension of the π-calculus in which agents are explicitly located, and may use an explicit migration construct to move between locations. We introduce passports to control those migrations; in order to gain access to a location agents are now expected to show some credentials, granted by the destination location. Passports are tied to specific locations, from which migration is permitted. We describe a type system for these passports, which includes a novel use of dependent types, and prove that well-typing enforces the desired behaviour in migrating processes. Passports allow locations to control incoming processes. This induces major modifications to the observations which can be made of agent-based systems. Using the type system we describe these observations, and use them to build a loyal notion of observational equivalence. Finally we provide a complete proof technique in the form of a bisimilarity for establishing equivalences between systems
Making Random Choices Invisible to the Scheduler

International audienceWhen dealing with process calculi and automata which express both nondeterministic and probabilistic behavior, it is customary to introduce the notion of scheduler to resolve the nondeterminism. It has been observed that for certain applications, notably those in security, the scheduler needs to be restricted so not to reveal the outcome of the protocol's random choices, or otherwise the model of adversary would be too strong even for ``obviously correct'' protocols. We propose a process-algebraic framework in which the control on the scheduler can be specified in syntactic terms, and we show how to apply it to solve the problem mentioned above. We also consider the definition of (probabilistic) may and must preorders, and we show that they are precongruences with respect to the restricted schedulers. Furthermore, we show that all the operators of the language, except replication, distribute over probabilistic summation, which is a useful property for verification
Consistency of user attribute in federated systems

In a federated system, it is not uncommon for a user profile registered to a particular system to contain enough attributes to request services from that system. Other attributes may be missing from that profile when services are requested from another system. The problem is that currently, when a change in user attributes happens, it is very difficult for the federation to incorporate the changes in order to resolve the conflict of attributes and maintain the consistency of attributes of users between different systems. Currently ready-for-deploy systems such as Liberty Alliance, Microsoft Windows CardSpace (formerly InfoCard) and Shibboleth do not address this issue efficiently. In general, consistency issues of user attributes in federated system via a 2-dimentional view: consistency between member systems (horizontal consistency) and consistency between federation and local system (vertical consistency). In this paper, we discuss the issue of horizontal consistency to achieve better interoperability and fine-granularity for access control decisions in a federated system by analysing the two approaches to achieve the consistency of user attributes: attribute synchronisation and delegation
Fast and Accurate Embedded Systems Energy Characterization Using Non-intrusive Measurements

International audienceIn this paper we propose a complete system energy model based on non-intrusive measurements. This model aims at being integrated in fast cycle accurate simulation tools to give energy consumption feedback for embedded systems software design. Estimations takes into account the whole system consumption including peripherals. Experiments on a complex ARM9 platform show that our model estimates are in error by less than 10% from real system consumption, which is precise enough for source code application design, while simulation speed remains fast
Towards a cumulative tradition in e-Government Research: Going beyond the Gs and Cs

Published version of a chapter published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4656, 13-22. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74444-3_2The emerging research area of e-Government is gradually moving towards a level of maturity on the back of increasingly rigorous empirical research. Yet, there has been little theoretical progress and a cumulative tradition is not emerging. We argue that a principle reason for this is a lack of shared understanding about basic concepts and entities amongst scholars in the field. Specifically, the entities that form the bedrock of e-Government research, such as “Government” and “Citizen” are conceptualized at a very general level of abstractions and treated as homogenous groups. We argue that existing models and frameworks fail to see the vast differences that exist between categories of these entities. Without a finer grained conceptualization, comparison of findings across different research studies is not possible and thus transfer of knowledge between different projects is difficult. This is a fundamental obstacle in developing a cumulative tradition. Based on an examination of the literature, we propose categories of “Government” and “Citizen” at a finer grain and discuss implications for both practice and research that stems from our conceptualization
Access Control in Federated Databases: How Legal Issues Shape Security

This paper will examine how legal considerations arising from the aggregation of data impact upon technical access control mechanisms. Research findings are based on a multi-disciplinary investigation of security issues regarding the aggregation of data in a governmental federated database system. The researchers conclude that the development of a federated architecture must consider technical security concerns within the context of legal risk management issues. As such, a holistic approach to the investigation of information security is required that incorporates the disciplines of information technology and law
Traces of Term-Automatic Graphs

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com.International audienceIn formal language theory, many families of languages are defined using either grammars or finite acceptors. For instance, context-sensitive languages are the languages generated by growing grammars, or equivalently those accepted by Turing machines whose work tape's size is proportional to that of their input. A few years ago, a new characterisation of context-sensitive languages as the sets of traces, or path labels, of rational graphs (infinite graphs defined by sets of finite-state transducers) was established. We investigate a similar characterisation in the more general framework of graphs defined by term transducers. In particular, we show that the languages of term-automatic graphs between regular sets of vertices coincide with the languages accepted by alternating linearly bounded Turing machines. As a technical tool, we also introduce an arborescent variant of tiling systems, which provides yet another characterisation of these languages
Acyclic Preference Systems in P2P Networks

The original publication is available at www.springerlink.comInternational audienceIn this work we study preference systems suitable for the Peer-to-Peer paradigm. Most of them fall in one of the three following categories: global, symmetric and complementary. All these systems share an acyclicity property. As a consequence, they admit a stable (or Pareto efficient) configuration, where no participant can collaborate with better partners than their current ones. We analyze the representation of such preference systems and show that any acyclic system can be represented with a symmetric mark matrix. This gives a method to merge acyclic preference systems while retaining the acyclicity property. We also consider properties of the corresponding collaboration graph, such as clustering coefficient and diameter. In particular, the study of the example of preferences based on real latency measurements shows that its stable configuration is a small-world graph
Evaluating optimization models to solve SALBP

This work evaluates the performance of constraint programming (CP) and integer programming (IP) formulations to solve the Simple Assembly Line Balancing Problem (SALBP) exactly. Traditionally, its exact solution by CP or IP and standard software has been considered to be inefficient to real-world instances. However, nowadays this is becoming more realistic thanks to recent improvements both in hardware and software power. In this context, analyzing the best way to model and to solve SALBP is acquiring relevance. The aim of this paper is to identify the best way to model SALBP-1 (minimizing the number of stations, for a given cycle time) and SALBP-2 (minimizing the cycle time, for a given number of stations). In order to do so, a wide computational experiment is carried out to analyze the performance of one CP and three IP formulations to solve each problem. The results reveal which of the alternative models and solution techniques is the most efficient to solve SALBP-1 and SALBP-2, respectively.Peer Reviewe
Fractal dimension algorithm for detecting oil spills using RADARSAT-1 SAR

This paper introduces a method for modification of the formula of the fractal box counting dimension. The method is based on the utilization of theprobability distribution formula in the fractal box count. The purpose of this method is to use it for the discrimination of oil spill areas from the surrounding features e.g., sea surface and look-alikes in RADARSAT-1 SAR data. The result shows that the new formula of the fractal box counting dimension is able to discriminate between oil spills and look-alike areas. The low wind area has the highest fractal dimension peak of 2.9, as compared to the oil slick and the surrounding rough sea. The maximum error standard deviation of low wind area is 0.68 which performs with fractal dimension value of 2.9
Machine learning based learner modeling for adaptive web-based learning

International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications, ICCSA 2007; Kuala Lumpur; Malaysia; 26 August 2007 through 29 August 2007Especially in the first decade of this century, learner adapted interaction and learner modeling are becoming more important in the area of web-based learning systems. The complicated nature of the problem is a serious challenge with vast amount of data available about the learners. Machine learning approaches have been used effectively in both user modeling, and learner modeling implementations. Recent studies on the challenges and solutions about learner modeling are explained in this paper with the proposal of a learner modeling framework to be used in a web-based learning system. The proposed system adopts a hybrid approach combining three machine learning techniques in three stages