pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the transverse momentum spectrum of the Higgs boson produced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV using H $\to$ WW decays

The cross section for Higgs boson production in pp collisions is studied using the H $\to$ W$^+$ W$^-$ decay mode, followed by leptonic decays of the W bosons to an oppositely charged electron-muon pair in the final state. The measurements are performed using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb$^{−1}$. The Higgs boson transverse momentum ($p_T$) is reconstructed using the lepton pair $p_T$ and missing $p_T$. The differential cross section times branching fraction is measured as a function of the Higgs boson $p_T$ in a fiducial phase space defined to match the experimental acceptance in terms of the lepton kinematics and event topology. The production cross section times branching fraction in the fiducial phase space is measured to be 39 $\pm$ 8 (stat) $\pm$ 9 (syst) fb. The measurements are found to agree, within experimental uncertainties, with theoretical calculations based on the standard model
Measurement of the b-hadron production cross section using decays to D*(+)mu X- final states in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The b-hadron production cross section is measured with the ATLAS detector in pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=7 TeV, using 3.3 pb−13.3 pb−1 of integrated luminosity, collected during the 2010 LHC run. The b  -hadrons are selected by partially reconstructing D⁎+μ−XD⁎+μ−X final states. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured production cross section for a b  -hadron with pT>9 GeVpT>9 GeV and |η|<2.5|η|<2.5 is View the MathML source32.7±0.8(stat.)−6.8+4.5(syst.)μb, higher than the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions but consistent within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Planck intermediate results XVI. Profile likelihoods for cosmological parameters

We explore the 2013 Planck likelihood function with a high-precision multi-dimensional minimizer (Minuit). This allows a refinement of the CDM best-fit solution with respect to previously-released results, and the construction of frequentist confidence intervals using profile likelihoods. The agreement with the cosmological results from the Bayesian framework is excellent, demonstrating the robustness of the Planck results to the statistical methodology. We investigate the inclusion of neutrino masses, where more significant differences may appear due to the non-Gaussian nature of the posterior mass distribution. By applying the Feldman-Cousins prescription, we again obtain results very similar to those of the Bayesian methodology. However, the profile-likelihood analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) combination (Planck+WP+highL) reveals a minimum well within the unphysical negative-mass region. We show that inclusion of the Planck CMB-lensing information regularizes this issue, and provide a robust frequentist upper limit σmv ≤0:26 eV (95% confidence) from the CMB+lensing+BAO data combination. © ESO 2014
Plasma markers of oxidative stress are uncorrelated in a wild mammal.

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Oxidative stress, which results from an imbalance between the production of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species versus antioxidant defenses and repair mechanisms, has been proposed as an important mediator of life-history trade-offs. A plethora of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress exist, but few ecological studies have examined the relationships among different markers in organisms experiencing natural conditions or tested whether those relationships are stable across different environments and demographic groups. It is therefore not clear to what extent studies of different markers can be compared, or whether studies that focus on a single marker can draw general conclusions regarding oxidative stress. We measured widely used markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde) and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) from 706 plasma samples collected over a 4-year period in a wild population of Soay sheep on St Kilda. We quantified the correlation structure among these four markers across the entire sample set and also within separate years, age groups (lambs and adults), and sexes. We found some moderately strong correlations between some pairs of markers when data from all 4 years were pooled. However, these correlations were caused by considerable among-year variation in mean marker values; correlation coefficients were small and not significantly different from zero after accounting for among-year variation. Furthermore, within each year, age, and sex subgroup, the pairwise correlation coefficients among the four markers were weak, nonsignificant, and distributed around zero. In addition, principal component analysis confirmed that the four markers represented four independent axes of variation. Our results suggest that plasma markers of oxidative stress may vary dramatically among years, presumably due to environmental conditions, and that this variation can induce population-level correlations among markers even in the absence of any correlations within contemporaneous subgroups. The absence of any consistent correlations within years or demographic subgroups implies that care must be taken when generalizing from observed relationships with oxidative stress markers, as each marker may reflect different and potentially uncoupled biochemical processes.We would like to thank Melissa M. Page, Ruth Banks, Christopher Mitchell and Sharon Mitchell for technical assistance and the St Kilda summer field teams of 2010-2013. In addition, we are very grateful to the National Trust for Scotland for permission to carry out fieldwork on St Kilda, and QinetiQ, Angus Campbell and Kilda Cruises for logistic support. LLC was supported by a BBSRC EASTBIO Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship and DHN by a BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship. The Soay sheep project was supported by a NERC responsive mode grant to JMP over the course of our four-year study
Landscape-scale assessments of stable carbon isotopes in soil under diverse vegetation classes in East Africa : application of near-infrared spectroscopy

Stable carbon isotopes are important tracers used to understand ecological food web processes and vegetation shifts over time. However, gaps exist in understanding soil and plant processes that influence delta C-13 values, particularly across smallholder farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to develop predictive models for delta C-13 values in soil using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to increase overall sample size. In addition, this study aimed to assess the delta C-13 values between five vegetation classes. 
The Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) was used to collect a stratified random set of soil samples and to classify vegetation. A total of 154 topsoil and 186 subsoil samples were collected and analyzed using NIRS, organic carbon (OC) and stable carbon isotopes. 
Forested plots had the most negative average delta C-13 values, -26.1aEuro degrees; followed by woodland, -21.9aEuro degrees; cropland, -19.0aEuro degrees; shrubland, -16.5aEuro degrees; and grassland, -13.9aEuro degrees. Prediction models were developed for delta C-13 using partial least squares (PLS) regression and random forest (RF) models. Model performance was acceptable and similar with both models. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) values for the three independent validation runs for delta C-13 using PLS ranged from 1.91 to 2.03 compared to 1.52 to 1.98 using RF. 
This model performance indicates that NIR can be used to predict delta C-13 in soil, which will allow for landscape-scale assessments to better understand carbon dynamics
Local transport characteristics of break junction in Sr(2)RuO(4) microbridge

We have measured tunnel conductance of spin-triplet superconductor Sr(2)RuO(4) (SRO) break junction which was made by micro fabrication technique with a focused ion beam. This is a new type of tunnel junctions made of SRO, which is different from those made of SRO and other materials. Since the tunnel conductance is sensitive to the internal phase of superconductivity, it enables us to examine the chiral p-wave pairing state, which is the most probable candidate of SRO. The tunnel conductance spectrum of the junction showed a broad zero-bias conductance peak whose shape is different from that of high-T(c) cuprate superconductors. The shape of the spectrum is in quite good agreement with the calculated spectrum of a chiral p-wave/insulator/normal metal junction
Cytomolecular discrimination of the Am chromosomes of Triticum monococcum and the A chromosomes of Triticum aestivum using microsatellite DNA repeats

The cytomolecular discrimination of the Am- and A-genome chromosomes facilitates the selection of wheat-Triticum monococcum introgression lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with the commonly used DNA probes Afa family, 18S rDNA and pSc119.2 showed that the more complex hybridisation pattern obtained in T. monococcum relative to bread wheat made it possible to differentiate the Am and A chromosomes within homoeologous groups 1, 4 and 5. In order to provide additional chromosomal landmarks to discriminate the Am and A chromosomes, the microsatellite repeats (GAA)n, (CAG)n, (CAC)n, (AAC)n, (AGG)n and (ACT)n were tested as FISH probes. These showed that T. monococcum chromosomes have fewer, generally weaker, simple sequence repeat (SSR) signals than the A-genome chromosomes of hexaploid wheat. A differential hybridisation pattern was observed on 6Am and 6A chromosomes with all the SSR probes tested except for the (ACT)n probe. The 2Am and 2A chromosomes were differentiated by the signals given by the (GAA)n, (CAG)n and (AAC)n repeats, while only (GAA)n discriminated the chromosomes 3Am and 3A. Chromosomes 7Am and 7A could be differentiated by the lack of (GAA)n and (AGG)n signals on 7A. As potential landmarks for identifying the Am chromosomes, SSR repeats will facilitate the introgression of T. monococcum chromatin into wheat
Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ to l nu q q-bar production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton-proton collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 inverse femtobarns. No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: lambda ([-0.011, 0.011]), Delta kappa[gamma] ([-0.044, 0.063]), and Delta g[1, Z] ([-0.0087, 0.024]). These limits are also translated into their effective field theory equivalents: c[WWW] / Lambda^2 ([-2.7, 2.7] TeV^{;-2};), c[B] / Lambda^2 ([-14, 17] TeV^{;-2};), and c[W] / Lambda^2 ([-2.0, 5.7] TeV^{;-2};)
NMR shieldings from density functional perturbation theory : GIPAW versus all-electron calculations

We present a benchmark of the density functional linear response calculation of NMR shieldings within the gauge-including projector-augmented-wave method against all-electron augmented-plane-wave+local-orbital and uncontracted Gaussian basis set results for NMR shieldings in molecular and solid state systems. In general, excellent agreement between the aforementioned methods is obtained. Scalar relativistic effects are shown to be quite large for nuclei in molecules in the deshielded limit. The small component makes up a substantial part of the relativistic corrections
MODSSO - A Manager-centric Global Decision Support System for Organizations

The goal of this paper is to describe a set of structured concepts for the design of software systems supporting the global decision process in an enterprise or organization.The concepts has as elements: i) each manager has available a decision dashboard to support, in a framework of decision theory, the flux of decision-making for which he or she is responsible; ii) the dashboards also allow managers crowdsourcing from non-managers different aspects of decision iii) the dashboards are connected in a conversational network; iv) this conversational network is so structured to support the global decision process of the organization. An example of implementation's architecture for the concept will be described.This work was supported by the FEDER Fund through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Factors and by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - under the Project: FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER022674info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Structural and elastic characterization of Cu-implanted SiO₂ films on Si(100) substrates

Cu-implanted SiO₂ films on Si(100) have been studied and compared to unimplanted SiO₂ on Si(100) using x-ray methods, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering, and Brillouin spectroscopy. The x-ray results indicate the preferred orientation of Cu {111} planes parallel to the Si substrate surface without any directional orientation for Cu-implanted SiO₂∕Si(100) and for Cu-implanted and annealedSiO₂∕Si(100). In the latter case, transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of spherical nanocrystallites with an average size of ∼2.5 nm. Rutherford backscattering shows that these crystallites (and the Cu in the as-implanted film) are largely confined to depths of 0.4−1.2 μm below the film surface. Brillouin spectra contain peaks due to surface, film-guided and bulk acoustic modes. Surface (longitudinal) acoustic wave velocities for the implanted films were ∼7% lower (∼2% higher) than for unimplanted SiO₂∕Si(100). Elastic constants were estimated from the acoustic wave velocities and film densities. C₁₁ (C₄₄) for the implanted films was ∼10% higher (lower) than that for the unimplanted film. The differences in acoustic velocities and elastic moduli are ascribed to implantation-induced compaction and/or the presence of Cu in the SiO₂ film.B.J. and M.C.R. are grateful for financial support from
the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, funded by the
Commonwealth of Australia. M.C.R. would also like to
thank the Australian Research Council for their financial support. The financial support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada  NSERC is gratefully
acknowledged by G.T.A. and J.S
Hybrid Simulators for Product Service-Systems : Innovation potential demonstrated on urban bike mobility

One major goal of the Rethinking Prototyping project is to bring scientists from different domains like engineering and arts to explore collaboratively new approaches of development and testing of Product Service Systems (PSS). PSS combine products, services, and infrastructure to fulfil individual customer needs. Therefore, the development of PSS is an extension of traditional engineering design process, which mainly refers to purely tangible products or intangible services into an integrated development process of products and services.
The basis is a new technology called Smart Hybrid Prototyping (SHP), a joint development by Fraunhofer IPK and the TU Berlin. SHP is an innovative technology for a multimodal interdisciplinary evaluation of virtual prototypes in early development stages. It is based upon methods of Mixed Reality extended by modern industrial technologies to allow natural interaction with virtual prototypes of mechanical or mechatronic systems. It serves as a bridge between physical reality and digital virtuality.
The use cases in this paper are based on urban bike mobility. Therefore, three concepts have been worked out to specify main requirements for an urban hybrid bike simulator. The first use case is from the perspective of a bicycle rental, where rental services for the users can be developed, validated, and optimized. The second use case provides the integration of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets for the development and validation of mobile services for bicyclists. The third use case is oriented on development and validation of new bicycles and urban mobility concepts like e-bikes, pedelecs, tripelecs and sharing services. Based on these generic use cases the requirements on a hybrid bicycle simulator were derived.
Why a bicycle simulator? Well, we are firmly convinced that the future of urban mobility is determined from trends such as ecological rethinking and the desire for sports and healthy life. Furthermore, it is one of the most competitive and agile markets using most innovative materials and manufacturing technologies
Development and validation of a Hospital Frailty Risk Score focusing on older people in acute care settings using electronic hospital records: an observational study

Background\ud
Older people are increasing users of health care globally. We aimed to establish whether older people with characteristics of frailty and who are at risk of adverse health-care outcomes could be identified using routinely collected data.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
A three-step approach was used to develop and validate a Hospital Frailty Risk Score from International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes. First, we carried out a cluster analysis to identify a group of older people (≥75 years) admitted to hospital who had high resource use and diagnoses associated with frailty. Second, we created a Hospital Frailty Risk Score based on ICD-10 codes that characterised this group. Third, in separate cohorts, we tested how well the score predicted adverse outcomes and whether it identified similar groups as other frailty tools.\ud
Findings\ud
In the development cohort (n=22 139), older people with frailty diagnoses formed a distinct group and had higher non-elective hospital use (33·6 bed-days over 2 years compared with 23·0 bed-days for the group with the next highest number of bed-days). In the national validation cohort (n=1 013 590), compared with the 429 762 (42·4%) patients with the lowest risk scores, the 202 718 (20·0%) patients with the highest Hospital Frailty Risk Scores had increased odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio 1·71, 95% CI 1·68–1·75), long hospital stay (6·03, 5·92–6·10), and 30-day readmission (1·48, 1·46–1·50). The c statistics (ie, model discrimination) between individuals for these three outcomes were 0·60, 0·68, and 0·56, respectively. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score showed fair overlap with dichotomised Fried and Rockwood scales (kappa scores 0·22, 95% CI 0·15–0·30 and 0·30, 0·22–0·38, respectively) and moderate agreement with the Rockwood Frailty Index (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0·41, 95% CI 0·38–0·47)
Power-law load dependence of atomic friction

Contains fulltext :
                  60155.pdf (author's version ) (Open Access)
                
                  Contains fulltext :
                  60155.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)We present a theoretical study of the dynamics of a tip scanning a graphite surface as a function of the applied load. From the analysis of the lateral forces, we extract the friction force and the corrugation of the effective tip-surface interaction potential. We find both the friction force and potential amplitude to have a power-law dependence on applied load with exponent similar to1.6. We interpret these results as characteristic of sharp undeformable tips in contrast to the case of macroscopic and elastic microscopic contacts. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics
The evolution of insecticide resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae

The peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae is a globally distributed crop pest with a host range of over 400 species including many economically important crop plants. The intensive use of insecticides to control this species over many years has led to populations that are now resistant to several classes of insecticide. Work spanning over 40 years has shown that M. persicae has a remarkable ability to evolve mechanisms that avoid or overcome the toxic effect of insecticides with at least seven independent mechanisms of resistance described in this species to date. The array of novel resistance mechanisms, including several ‘first examples’, that have evolved in this species represents an important case study for the evolution of insecticide resistance and also rapid adaptive change in insects more generally. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in M. persicae and the insights study of this topic has provided on how resistance evolves, the selectivity of insecticides, and the link between resistance and host plant adaptation.&nbsp
Rotation-differential rotation relationships for late-type single and binary stars from Doppler imaging

From our sample of spotted late-type stars showing surface differential  rotation we find that the relationship between the rotation period and  the surface shear coefficient $\alpha=\Delta\Omega/\Omega_{\rm eq}$ is  significantly different for single stars compared to members in close  binaries. Single stars follow a general trend that $\alpha$ increases  with the rotation period. However, differential rotation of stars in  close binary systems shows much weaker dependence on the rotation, if  any, suggesting that in such systems tidal forces operate as a  controlling mechanism of differential rotation
Online dispute resolution : an artificial intelligence perspective

Litigation in court is still the main dispute resolution mode. However, given the amount and characteristics of the new disputes, mostly arising out of electronic contracting, courts are becoming slower and outdated. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) recently emerged as a set of tools and techniques, supported by technology, aimed at facilitating conflict resolution. In this paper we present a critical evaluation on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based techniques in ODR. In order to fulfill this goal, we analyze a set of commercial providers (in this case twenty four) and some research projects (in this circumstance six). Supported by the results so far achieved, a new approach to deal with the problem of ODR is proposed, in which we take on some of the problems identified in the current state of the art in linking ODR and AI