pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Yukawa hierarchies at the point of E8 in F-theory

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.4 (2015): 179 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)We analyse the structure of Yukawa couplings in local SU(5) F-theory models with E8 enhancement. In this setting the E8 symmetry is broken down to SU(5) by a 7-brane configuration described by T-branes, all the Yukawa couplings are generated in the vicinity of a point and only one family of quarks and leptons is massive at tree-level. The other two families obtain their masses when non-perturbative effects are taken into account, being hierarchically lighter than the third family. However, and contrary to previous results, we find that this hierarchy of fermion masses is not always appropriate to reproduce measured data. We find instead that different T-brane configurations breaking E8 to SU(5) give rise to distinct hierarchical patterns for the holomorphic Yukawa couplings. Only some of these patterns allow to fit the observed fermion masses with reasonable local model parameter values, adding further constraints to the construction of F-theory GUTs. We consider an E8 model where such appropriate hierarchy is realised and compute its physical Yukawas, showing that realistic charged fermions masses can indeed be obtained in this caseThis work has been partially supported by the grant FPA2012-32828 from the MINECO, the REA grant agreement PCIG10-GA-2011-304023 from the People Programme of FP7 (Marie Curie Action), the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421 and the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme. F.M. is supported by the Ramón y Cajal programme through the grant RYC-2009-05096. G.Z. is supported through a grant from “Campus Excelencia Internacional UAM+CSIC” and partially by the COST Action MP1210. D.R. is supported by a grant of the Max Planck Societ
Identification, location–domination and metric dimension on interval and permutation graphs. I. Bounds.

We consider the problems of finding optimal identifying codes, (open) locating–dominating sets and resolving sets of an interval or a permutation graph. In these problems, one asks to find a subset of vertices, normally called a solution set, using which all vertices of the graph are distinguished. The identification can be done by considering the neighborhood within the solution set, or by employing the distances to the solution vertices. Normally the goal is to minimize the size of the solution set then. Here we study the case of interval graphs, unit interval graphs, (bipartite) permutation graphs and cographs. For these classes of graphs we give tight lower bounds for the size of such solution sets depending on the order of the input graph. While such lower bounds for the general class of graphs are in logarithmic order, the improved bounds in these special classes are of the order of either quadratic root or linear in terms of number of vertices. Moreover, the results for cographs lead to linear-time algorithms to solve the considered problems on inputs that are cographs
Inhaled 45-50% argon augments hypothermic brain protection in a piglet model of perinatal asphyxia

Cooling to 33.5 °C in babies with neonatal encephalopathy significantly reduces death and disability, however additional therapies are needed to maximize brain protection. Following hypoxia–ischemia we assessed whether inhaled 45–50% Argon from 2–26 h augmented hypothermia neuroprotection in a neonatal piglet model, using MRS and aEEG, which predict outcome in babies with neonatal encephalopathy, and immunohistochemistry. Following cerebral hypoxia–ischemia, 20 Newborn male Large White piglets < 40 h were randomized to: (i) Cooling (33 °C) from 2–26 h (n = 10); or (ii) Cooling and inhaled 45–50% Argon (Cooling + Argon) from 2–26 h (n = 8). Whole-brain phosphorus-31 and regional proton MRS were acquired at baseline, 24 and 48 h after hypoxia–ischemia. EEG was monitored. At 48 h after hypoxia–ischemia, cell death (TUNEL) was evaluated over 7 brain regions. There were no differences in body weight, duration of hypoxia–ischemia or insult severity; throughout the study there were no differences in heart rate, arterial blood pressure, blood biochemistry and inotrope support. Two piglets in the Cooling + Argon group were excluded. Comparing Cooling + Argon with Cooling there was preservation of whole-brain MRS ATP and PCr/Pi at 48 h after hypoxia–ischemia (p < 0.001 for both) and lower 1H MRS lactate/N acetyl aspartate in white (p = 0.03 and 0.04) but not gray matter at 24 and 48 h. EEG background recovery was faster (p < 0.01) with Cooling + Argon. An overall difference between average cell-death of Cooling versus Cooling + Argon was observed (p < 0.01); estimated cells per mm2 were 23.9 points lower (95% C.I. 7.3–40.5) for the Cooling + Argon versus Cooling. Inhaled 45–50% Argon from 2–26 h augmented hypothermic protection at 48 h after hypoxia–ischemia shown by improved brain energy metabolism on MRS, faster EEG recovery and reduced cell death on TUNEL. Argon may provide a cheap and practical therapy to augment cooling for neonatal encephalopathy
Measurement of the pp → ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in four-lepton final states at √s = 8 TeV

A measurement of the inclusive ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV are presented. The analysis is based on a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.6 fb[superscript −1], collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes ZZ→ℓℓℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ=e,μ and ℓ′=e,μ,τ. The measured total cross section σ(pp→ZZ)=7.7±0.5 (stat)[+0.5 over −0.4](syst)±0.4(theo)±0.2 (lumi) pb, for both Z bosons produced in the mass range 60<[subscript mZ] <120 GeV60<mZ<120 GeV, is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are measured and well described by the theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZγ couplings at the 95% confidence level: −0.004 < f[Z over 4] <0.004, −0.004 < f[Z over 5] < 0.004, −0.005 < f[γ over 4] < 0.005, and −0.005 < f[γ over 5] < 0.005.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Memory and persistence in models of volatility in financial time series

This thesis first investigates the moment and memory properties of exponential-type conditional heteroscedasticity models. This primarily includes exponential generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (EGARCH) models, the fractionally integrated EGARCH model of Bollerslev and Mikkelsen (1996) (FIEGARCH(BM)), the hyperbolic EGARCH (HYEGARCH) model and the FIEGARCH(DL) model, as presented in Chapter 2. The moment conditions of these models are derived from previous literature, and the memory properties are measured by using the near-epoch dependence (NED) functions of an independent process approach. The existence of moments supports the limited memory properties of these models. This study shows that exponential autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (EARCH)(∞) processes may exhibit geometric memory, hyperbolic memory or long memory. The EGARCH is a case of a geometric memory process. The FIEGARCH(BM) and HY/FIEGARCH(DL) processes can exhibit hyperbolic memory or long memory, depending on the sign of the memory parameter. The study also derives the functional central limit theorem (FCLT) or fractional FCLT for the relevant processes in these exponential-type conditional heteroscedasticity models. Finally, the results of the simulation show that the HYEGARCH model has a hyperbolic memory and that the FIEGARCH(DL) model can capture long memory in absolute return series.
    Next, the study investigates the asymptotic properties of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE) in autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models with EGARCH or HY/FIEGARCH(DL) errors in Chapter 3. This part of the study aims to investigate the asymptotic theory of the ARMA(1,1)-EGARCH(1,1) models and that of the pure HY/FIEGARCH(DL) models. First, the literature on the asymptotic properties of the ARMA-GARCH and EGARCH processes is reviewed. The conditions for the consistency and asymptotic normality of the QMLE of the ARMA-EGARCH models are then demonstrated. This analysis also provides an investigation of that of the QMLE in the HY/FIEGARCH(DL) processes. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to study the properties of the QMLE in the pure HY/FIEGARCH(DL) processes.
    Lastly, in a study co-authored with Professor James Davidson, we derive a simple sufficient condition for strict stationarity in the ARCH(∞) class of processes with conditional heteroscedasticity. The concept of persistence in these processes is explored, and is the subject of a set of simulations showing how persistence depends on both the pattern of the lag coefficients of the ARCH model and the distribution of the driving shocks. The results are used to argue that an alternative to the usual method of ARCH/GARCH volatility forecasting should be considered.ESRC: South West Doctoral Training Centr
VET efficacy : evaluation of factors in the workplace training

Training in the workplace is a key part of VET studies because allows students to develop their skills in a work setting, and gives important information about how well VET studies prepare skilled workers. However, there is little information about factors that influence the efficacy of training in the workplace. Our aim is to evaluate the efficacy of training in the workplace, through the factors that influence training efficacy. We applied a questionnaire of 57 items (5-point Likert scale), a sample of 1,026 VET students in the area of Barcelona, Spain. The results show that the factor “integration into the workplace” is rated more positively by the VET students (4.19), and the factors “social attitudes” and “individual attitudes” get a low score (3.30 and 2.93, respectively). The study allows the introduction of improvements and changes in these practices in order to improve the quality of VE
Sustainability reporting in construction contractors: a case study

Construction activities have significant impacts on the environment, economy and society. As a result, sustainability has become an agenda in construction related business. This is evidenced by an increasingly number of construction related companies adopting sustainability reporting practice. Construction contractors are no exception. This study aims to investigate the sustainability reporting practices adopted by top Chinese contractors active in the international arena. The focus is placed on those Chinese contractors ranked top 50 by the Engineering News Record (ENR) top 225 international contractors. The results showed that the sustainability reporting practices of these top Chinese contractors, in terms of both approaches and the depth, varied significantly however there is a clear trend of growing level of disclosure of sustainability related information. Similarly, environmental sustainability seems the predominate focus of sustainability reporting exercises of top international contractors from China. These findings help to assist senior management of construction contractors to form business strategies to facilitate disclosure and other sustainability related practicesJian Zuo, Zhenyu Zhao, Bo Xia, George Zillante, and Zhi-Yang Pa
Rootless cone eruption processes informed by dissected tephra deposits and conduits

Rootless cones result from the explosive interaction between lava flows and underlying water-saturated sediment or volcaniclastic deposits. Rootless explosions can represent a significant far-field hazard during basaltic eruptions, but there are few detailed studies of their deposits. A rootless cone field in the 8.5 Ma Ice Harbor flow field of the Columbia River Basalt Province, NW USA, is revealed by sections through rootless conduit and cone structures. The Ice Harbor lava flow hosting the rootless cones was emplaced across a floodplain or lacustrine environment that had recently been mantled by a layer of silicic volcanic ash from a major explosive eruption. Our observations indicate a two-stage growth model for the rootless cones: (1) initial explosions generated sediment-rich tephra emplaced by fallout and pyroclastic density currents and (2) later weaker explosions that generated spatter-rich fountains. Variable explosive activity resulted in a wide range of pyroclast morphologies and vesicularities. Cross-sections through funnel-shaped conduits also show how the conduits were constructed and stabilised. The growth model is consistent with decreasing water availability with time, as inferred for rootless cones described in Iceland. The Ice Harbor rootless cones provide further lithological data to help distinguish between rootless cone-derived tephra and tephra generated above an erupting dyke.P. Reynolds, R. J. Brown, T. Thordarson, E. W. Llewellin, K. Fieldin
Quantitative determination of anisotropic magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3&#8211;CoFe2O4 nanostructures

The transverse and longitudinal magnetoelectric susceptibilities (MES) were quantitatively determined for (001) heteroepitaxial BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 nanostructures. Both of these MES values were sharply enhanced at magnetic fields below 6 kOe and revealed asymmetric line shapes with respect to the dc magnetic field, demonstrating the strain-induced magnetoelectric effect. The maximum transverse MES, which reached as high as similar to 60 mV/cm Oe, was about five times larger than the longitudinal MES. This observation signifies that transverse magnetostriction of the CoFe2O4 nanopillars is enhanced more than the bulk value due to preferred magnetic domain alignment along the [001] direction coming from compressive, heteroepitaxial strain. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3475420]close201
RE-ACCELERATION OF NON-THERMAL PARTICLES AT WEAK COSMOLOGICAL SHOCK WAVES

We examine diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of the pre-existing as well as freshly injected populations of non-thermal, cosmic-ray (CR) particles at weak cosmological shocks. Assuming simple models for thermal leakage injection and Alfvenic drift, we derive analytic, time-dependent solutions for the two populations of CRs accelerated in the test-particle regime. We then compare them with the results from kinetic DSA simulations for shock waves that are expected to form in intracluster media and cluster outskirts in the course of large-scale structure formation. We show that the test-particle solutions provide a good approximation for the pressure and spectrum of CRs accelerated at these weak shocks. Since the injection is extremely inefficient at weak shocks, the pre-existing CR population dominates over the injected population. If the pressure due to pre-existing CR protons is about 5% of the gas thermal pressure in the upstream flow, the downstream CR pressure can absorb typically a few to 10% of the shock ram pressure at shocks with a Mach number M less than or similar to 3, yet the re-acceleration of CR electrons can result in a substantial synchrotron emission behind the shock. The enhancement in synchrotron radiation across the shock is estimated to be about a few to several for M similar to 1.5 and 10(2)-10(3) for M similar to 3, depending on the detail model parameters. The implication of our findings for observed bright radio relics is discussedopen261
Gut microbiota functions : metabolism of nutrients and other food components

This work was conducted by an expert group of the European branch of the International Life Sciences Institute, ILSI Europe. The expert group and this publication was coordinated by the Functional Foods and Prebiotics Task Forces. Industry members of this task force are listed on the ILSI Europe website at http://www.ilsi.eu. Experts are not paid for the time spent on this work; however, the non-industry members within the expert group were offered support for travel and accommodation costs to attend meetings to discuss the manuscript, and a small compensatory sum (honorarium) with the option to decline. The expert group carried out the work, i.e., collecting/analysing data/information and writing the scientific paper separate to other activities of the task forces. The research reported is the result of a scientific evaluation in line with ILSI Europe’s framework to provide a precompetitive setting for public–private partnership (PPP). The opinions expressed herein and the conclusions of this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ILSI Europe nor those of its member companies. ILSI Europe facilitated scientific meetings and coordinated the overall project management and administrative tasks relating to the completion of this work. In particular, the authors would like to thank Dr. Tobias Recker, Dr. Estefanía Noriega, and Mr. Alex Rankin for their support. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank all participants in the ILSI Europe workshop The Gut Microbiome: Our Misunderstood Friend and Foe (3–4 December 2015, Brussels, Belgium) for their involvement in fruitful scientific discussions and their valuable insights which contributed to the refinement of the draft manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Tensor factorizations of local second-order Mller-Plesset theory

Efficient electronic structure methods can be built around efficient tensor representations of the wavefunction. Here we first describe a general view of tensor factorization for the compact representation of electronic wavefunctions. Next, we use this language to construct a low-complexity representation of the doubles amplitudes in local second-order Mller-Plesset perturbation theory. We introduce two approximations-the direct orbital-specific virtual approximation and the full orbital-specific virtual approximation. In these approximations, each occupied orbital is associated with a small set of correlating virtual orbitals. Conceptually, the representation lies between the projected atomic orbital representation in Pulay-Saeb local correlation theories and pair natural orbital correlation theories. We have tested the orbital-specific virtual approximations on a variety of systems and properties including total energies, reaction energies, and potential energy curves. Compared to the Pulay-Saeb ansatz, we find that these approximations exhibit favorable accuracy and computational times while yielding smooth potential energy curves.published_or_final_versio
Central P2Y12 receptor blockade alleviates inflammatory and neuropathic pain and cytokine production in rodents

AbstractIn this study the role of P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12R) was explored in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and in acute thermal nociception. In correlation with their activity to block the recombinant human P2Y12R, the majority of P2Y12R antagonists alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia dose-dependently, following intraplantar CFA injection, and after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats. They also caused an increase in thermal nociceptive threshold in the hot plate test. Among the six P2Y12R antagonists evaluated in the pain studies, the selective P2Y12 receptor antagonist PSB-0739 was most potent upon intrathecal application.P2Y12R mRNA and IL-1β protein were time-dependently overexpressed in the rat hind paw and lumbar spinal cord following intraplantar CFA injection. This was accompanied by the upregulation of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the hind paw. PSB-0739 (0.3mg/kg i.t.) attenuated CFA-induced expression of cytokines in the hind paw and of IL-1β in the spinal cord. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist MLA occluded the effect of PSB-0739 (i.t.) on pain behavior and peripheral cytokine induction. Denervation of sympathetic nerves by 6-OHDA pretreatment did not affect the action of PSB-0739. PSB-0739, in an analgesic dose, did not influence motor coordination and platelet aggregation. Genetic deletion of the P2Y12R in mice reproduced the effect of P2Y12R antagonists on mechanical hyperalgesia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models, on acute thermal nociception and on the induction of spinal IL-1β.Here we report the robust involvement of the P2Y12R in inflammatory pain. The anti-hyperalgesic effect of P2Y12R antagonism could be mediated by the inhibition of both central and peripheral cytokine production and involves α7-receptor mediated efferent pathways
Some spacetimes with higher rank Killing–Stäckel tensors

AbstractBy applying the lightlike Eisenhart lift to several known examples of low-dimensional integrable systems admitting integrals of motion of higher-order in momenta, we obtain four- and higher-dimensional Lorentzian spacetimes with irreducible higher-rank Killing tensors. Such metrics, we believe, are first examples of spacetimes admitting higher-rank Killing tensors. Included in our examples is a four-dimensional supersymmetric pp-wave spacetime, whose geodesic flow is superintegrable. The Killing tensors satisfy a non-trivial Poisson–Schouten–Nijenhuis algebra. We discuss the extension to the quantum regime
Tρσ(G) theories and their Hilbert series.

We give an explicit formula for the Higgs and Coulomb branch Hilbert series for the class of 3d N=4N=4  superconformal gauge theories Tρσ(G) corresponding to a set of D3 branes ending on NS5 and D5-branes, with or without O3 planes. Here G is a classical group, σ is a partition of G and ρ a partition of the dual group G∨. In deriving such a formula we make use of the recently discovered formula for the Hilbert series of the quantum Coulomb branch of  N=4N=4 superconformal theories. The result can be expressed in terms of a generalization of a class of symmetric functions, the Hall-Littlewood polynomials, and can be interpreted in mathematical language in terms of localization. We mainly consider the case G = SU(N) but some interesting results are also given for orthogonal and symplectic groups
Effect of Cr/Al contents on the 475ºC age-hardening in oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels

AbstractThe age-hardening in oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels with various additions of Cr (12, 15 and 18wt.%) and Al (0, 5, 7 and 9wt.%) were investigated. After 5000h aging at 475ºC, the hardness increases in all these ODS steels, while the increased level depends on the Cr/Al contents. In 12Cr-ODS steels, the more the Al, the higher the increased hardness is. However, in 18Cr-ODS steels, higher Al addition suppresses the age-hardening. TEM observations of 18Cr-ODS steels reveal that 9Al suppresses the formation of Cr-enriched α' phase, while the 18Cr-5Al-ODS steel comprises a plenty of α′ phases. Adding Zr in ODS steels appears to increase the age-hardening. The susceptibility to age-hardening is remarkably lower in the ODS ferritic steels than in the non-ODS ferritic steel with the similar concentration of Cr
Descending Command Neurons in the Brainstem that Halt Locomotion

SummaryThe episodic nature of locomotion is thought to be controlled by descending inputs from the brainstem. Most studies have largely attributed this control to initiating excitatory signals, but little is known about putative commands that may specifically determine locomotor offset. To link identifiable brainstem populations to a potential locomotor stop signal, we used developmental genetics and considered a discrete neuronal population in the reticular formation: the V2a neurons. We find that those neurons constitute a major excitatory pathway to locomotor areas of the ventral spinal cord. Selective activation of V2a neurons of the rostral medulla stops ongoing locomotor activity, owing to an inhibition of premotor locomotor networks in the spinal cord. Moreover, inactivation of such neurons decreases spontaneous stopping in vivo. Therefore, the V2a “stop neurons” represent a glutamatergic descending pathway that favors immobility and may thus help control the episodic nature of locomotion