pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Mileage, car ownership, experience of punishment avoidance, and the risky driving of young drivers

Objective: Young drivers are at greatest risk of injury or death from a car crash in the first 6 months of independent driving. In Queensland, the graduated driver licensing (GDL) program was extensively modified in July 2007 in order to reduce this risk. Increased mileage and car ownership have been found to play a role in risky driving, offenses, and crashes; however, GDL programs typically do not consider these variables. In addition, young novice drivers' experiences of punishment avoidance have not previously been examined. This article explores the mileage (duration and distance), car ownership, and punishment avoidance behaviors of young newly licensed intermediate (provisional) drivers and their relationship to risky driving, crashes, and offenses. Methods: Drivers (n = 1032) aged 17 to 19 years recruited from across Queensland for longitudinal research completed survey 1 exploring prelicense and learner experiences and sociodemographic characteristics. survey 2 explored the same variables with a subset of these drivers (n = 341) after they had completed their first 6 months of independent driving. Results: Most young drivers in survey 2 reported owning a vehicle and paying attention to police presence. Drivers who had their own cars reported significantly greater mileage and more risky driving. Novices who drove more kilometers, spent more hours each week driving, or avoided actual and anticipated police presence were more likely to report risky driving. These drivers were also more likely to report being detected by police for a driving-related offense. The media, parents, friends, and other drivers play a pivotal role in informing novices of on-road police enforcement operations. Conclusions: GDL programs should incorporate education for the parent and novice driver regarding the increased risks associated with greater driving, particularly when the novice driver owns a vehicle. Parents should be encouraged to delay exclusive access to a vehicle. Parents should also consider whether their young novices will deliberately avoid police if they are aware of their location. This may reinforce not only the risky behavior but also young novices' beliefs that their parents condone this behavior.Full Tex
Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters (Protocol)

Most hospital patients receive fluids or medications via an intravenous catheter at some time during their hospital stay. An intravenous  catheter is a short, hollow tube placed in the vein to allow administration ofmedications, fluids or nutrients directly into the bloodstream  (also called a drip). These catheters are routinely replaced every three to four days, to try to prevent infection of the vein or of the blood.  However, the evidence to support this practice is weak. Moreover, the procedure may cause considerable discomfort to patients and is  quite costly. This review included all of the randomised controlled trials, which have compared routine catheter changes with changing  the catheter only if there were signs of inflammation or infection. We found no evidence of benefit from these trials to support current  practice of changing catheters every three to four days.Griffith Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyFull Tex
Search for heavy long-lived charged particles with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

A search for long-lived charged particles reaching the muon spectrometer is performed using a data sample of 37 pb−137 pb−1 from pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010. No excess is observed above the estimated background. Stable View the MathML sourceτ˜ sleptons are excluded at 95% CL up to a mass of 136 GeV136 GeV, in GMSB models with N5=3N5=3, mmessenger=250 TeVmmessenger=250 TeV, sign(μ)=1sign(μ)=1 and View the MathML sourcetanβ=5. Electroweak production of sleptons is excluded up to a mass of 110 GeV110 GeV. Gluino R-hadrons in a generic interaction model are excluded up to masses of 530 GeV to 544 GeV depending on the fraction of R  -hadrons produced as View the MathML sourceg˜-balls.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A gaze to rural education according to scientific discourses during the last decade

He largest proportion of illiteracy and lack of access to education in the world is concentrated in rural areas; therefore it is important to ensure there is access to quality education in these spots. This challenge is assumed by different branches of social research and it is reflected within the publication of articles in scientific journals. In the present document the scientific discourse surrounding the theme of rural education during the last decade was analyzed. To do this, the paper focuses on three aspects: the countries that set the agenda, the geographical areas that represent most of the attention and the prevalent themes within continents. It was observed that USA was the most productive country in terms of scientific writings with 30%; that Asia is really interested in health issues associated to rural education; that in Europe gender issues are on the table and that the African and Asian continents, as well as Latin America, are interested only on their own issues, as 100% of the times they only wrote about themselves
Maternal separation prior to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia :
                    Impact on emotional aspects of behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version, made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License CC BY NC-ND 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. The Version of Record is available online at doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.04.002.Exposure to early-life stress is associated with long-term alterations in brain and behavior, and may aggravate the outcome of neurological insults. This study aimed at investigating the possible interaction between maternal separation, a model of early stress, and subsequent neonatal hypoxia-ischemia on emotional behavior and markers of synaptic plasticity in hippocampus. Therefore, rat pups (N = 60) were maternally separated for a prolonged (MS 180min) or a brief (MS 15min) period during the first six postnatal days, while a control group was left undisturbed. Hypoxia-ischemia was applied to a subgroup of each rearing condition on postnatal day 7. Emotional behavior was examined at three months of age and included assessments of anxiety (elevated plus maze), depression-like behavior (forced swimming) and spontaneous exploration (open field). Synaptic plasticity was evaluated based on BDNF and synaptophysin expression in CA3 and dentate gyrus hippocampal regions. We found that neonatal hypoxia-ischemia caused increased levels of anxiety, depression-like behavior and locomotor activity (ambulation). Higher anxiety levels were also seen in maternally separated rats (MS180min) compared to non-maternally separated rats, but prolonged maternal separation prior to HI did not potentiate the HI-associated effect. No differences among the three rearing conditions were found regarding depression-like behavior or ambulation. Immunohistochemical evaluation of synaptophysin revealed that both prolonged maternal separation (MS180min) and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia significantly reduced its expression in the CA3 and dentate gyrus. Decreases in synaptophysin expression in these areas were not exacerbated in rats that were maternally separated for a prolonged period prior to HI. Regarding BDNF expression, we found a significant decrease in immunoreactivity only in the hypoxic-ischemic rats that were subjected to the prolonged maternal separation paradigm. The above findings suggest that early-life stress prior to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia leads to significant alterations in synaptic plasticity of the dorsal hippocampus during adulthood, but does not exacerbate HI-related changes in emotional behavior
Genetic diversity of the pan-European freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina (Bivalvia: Unionoida) based on CO1: new phylogenetic insights and implications for conservation

1. The duck mussel, Anodonta anatina, has been described as abundant and widespread in Europe. However, it is listed as near threatened or threatened in several countries owing to severe declines in abundance and/or spatial distribution.
2. Despite its potential ecological importance and conservation status almost nothing is known regarding its genetic diversity.
3. As a preliminary analysis, variation within the cytochrome oxidase 1 mitochondrial gene was determined from European specimens from Portugal in the south west, to Ukraine in the east, and Sweden in the north.
4. Three major mtDNA clades were retrieved: clade 1 includes all the individuals from Iberia, except those from the Ebro basin; clade 2 includes all the European non-Iberian and non-Italian samples; and clade 3 includes all the individuals from Italy and from the Ebro basin. AMOVA analysis revealed significant genetic differences among the three clades. Within each of the major clades, several geographically related haplogroups were also retrieved, especially in Iberia, where four genetically distinct groups (North-West, South-Central, South-West and Ebro) were revealed.
5. Given the evidence of regional declines of A. anatina in Europe, the confirmation of geographically distinct genotypes indicates a need for the development of management strategies directed towards the conservation of localized populations.Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology (FCT) project PTDC/AAC-AMB/
117688/2010, and partly by the European
Regional Development Fund through COMPETE,
under the project PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011.
We would like to thank our collaborators who
kindly provided us with tissue samples: Erika
Bódis, Karel Douda, Oksana Stolyar, Arpad
Benko-Kiss, Nicoletta Riccardi. Marianna Soroka
and Larissa Yanovich gave us the exact locations
of their previously sequenced animals. We thank José María Irurita, José Miguel Barea Azcón,
Keiko Nakamura, Pablo Redin and Esther Penin
for all their help during the Spanish field
campaigns. Official capture and sampling licences
were issued by Junta de Castilla y León (Consejería
de Fomento y Medio Ambiente EP/CYL/331/
2012, de 17 de Abril de 2012); Junta de Andalucia
(Consejería de Medio Ambiente- SGYB/FOA/
AFR/SFS, de 17 de Julio de 2012); Xunta de
Galicia (Consellería de Medio Ambiente- 539/2012
de 15 de Setembro de 2012); Gobierno de Aragón
(Dirección General de Conservación del Medio
Natural- 136.071/2012 de 12 de Julio de 2012)
A systematic review on F-18 FLT-PET uptake as a measure of treatment response in cancer patients

Imaging biomarkers have a potential to depict the hallmarks of cancers that characterise cancer cells as compared to normal cells. One pertinent example is 3'-deoxy-3'-F-18-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([F-18]FLT-PET), which allows non-invasive in vivo assessment of tumour proliferation. Most importantly, [F-18]FLT does not seem to be accumulating in inflammatory processes, as seen in [F-18]-fludeoxyglucose, the most commonly used PET tracer for assessment of cell metabolism. [F-18]FLT could therefore provide additional information about the tumour biology before, during and after treatment. This systematic review focuses on the use of [F-18]FLT-PET tumour uptake values as a measure of tumour response to therapeutic interventions. The clinical studies which evaluated the role of [F-18]FLT-PET as a measure of tumour response to treatment are summarised and the evidence linking [F-18]FLT-PET tumour uptake values with clinical outcome is evaluated. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Clinical development of new drug-radiotherapy combinations

In countries with the best cancer outcomes, approximately 60% of patients receive radiotherapy as part of their treatment, which is one of the most cost-effective cancer treatments. Notably, around 40% of cancer cures include the use of radiotherapy, either as a single modality or combined with other treatments. Radiotherapy can provide enormous benefit to patients with cancer. In the past decade, significant technical advances, such as image-guided radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, and proton therapy enable higher doses of radiotherapy to be delivered to the tumour with significantly lower doses to normal surrounding tissues. However, apart from the combination of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy with radiotherapy, little progress has been made in identifying and defining optimal targeted therapy and radiotherapy combinations to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. The National Cancer Research Institute Clinical and Translational Radiotherapy Research Working Group (CTRad) formed a Joint Working Group with representatives from academia, industry, patient groups and regulatory bodies to address this lack of progress and to publish recommendations for future clinical research. Herein, we highlight the Working Group's consensus recommendations to increase the number of novel drugs being successfully registered in combination with radiotherapy to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer
Search for pair production of vector-like T and B quarks in single-lepton final states using boosted jet substructure in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A search for pair production of massive vector-like T and B quarks in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV is presented. The data set was collected in 2015 by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of up to 2.6 $fb^{−1}$. The T and B quarks are assumed to decay through three possible channels into a heavy boson (either a W, Z or Higgs boson) and a third generation quark. This search is performed in final states with one charged lepton and several jets, exploiting techniques to identify W or Higgs bosons decaying hadronically with large transverse momenta. No excess over the predicted standard model background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the T quark pair production cross section are set that exclude T quark masses below 860 GeV in the singlet, and below 830 GeV in the doublet branching fraction scenario. For other branching fraction combinations with $\mathcal{B}(T \to tH) + \mathcal{B}(T \to bW) ≥ 0.4$, lower limits on the T quark range from 790 to 940 GeV. Limits are also set on pair production of singlet vector-like B quarks, which can be excluded up to a mass of 730 GeV. The techniques showcased here for understanding highly-boosted final states are important as the sensitivity to new particles is extended to higher masses
Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests
Loop corrections for Kaluza-Klein AdS amplitudes.

Recently we conjectured the four-point amplitude of graviton multiplets in AdS5 × S5 at one loop by exploiting the operator product expansion of   N  = 4 super Yang-Mills theory. Here we give the first extension of those results to include Kaluza-Klein modes, obtaining the amplitude for two graviton multiplets and two states of the first KK mode. Our method again relies on resolving the large N degeneracy among a family of long double-trace operators, for which we obtain explicit formulas for the leading anomalous dimensions. Having constructed the one-loop amplitude we are able to obtain a formula for the one-loop corrections to the anomalous dimensions of all twist five double-trace operators
Fermi large area telescope observations of Markarian 421: the missing piece of its spectral energy distribution

We report on the gamma-ray activity of the high-synchrotron-peaked BL Lacertae object Mrk 421 during the first 1.5 years of Fermi operation, from 2008 August 5 to 2010 March 12. We find that the Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray spectrum above 0.3 GeV can be well-described by a power-law function with photon index Gamma=1.78 +/- 0.02 and average photon flux F(>0.3 GeV)=(7.23 +/- 0.16) x 10^{-8} ph cm^{-2} s^{-1}. Over this time period, the Fermi-LAT spectrum above 0.3 GeV was evaluated on 7-day-long time intervals, showing significant variations in the photon flux (up to a factor ~3 from the minimum to the maximum flux), but mild spectral variations. The variability amplitude at X-ray frequencies measured by RXTE/ASM and Swift/BAT is substantially larger than that in gamma-rays measured by Fermi-LAT, and these two energy ranges are not significantly correlated. We also present the first results from the 4.5-month-long multifrequency campaign on Mrk 421, which included the VLBA, Swift, RXTE, MAGIC, the F-GAMMA, GASP-WEBT, and other collaborations and instruments which provided excellent temporal and energy coverage of the source throughout the entire campaign (2009 January 19 to 2009 June 1). During this campaign, Mrk 421 showed a low activity at all wavebands. The extensive multi-instrument (radio to TeV) data set provides an unprecedented, complete look at the quiescent spectral energy distribution (SED) for this source. The broad band SED was reproduced with a leptonic (one-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton) and a hadronic model (Synchrotron Proton Blazar). Both frameworks are able to describe the average SED reasonably well, implying comparable jet powers but very different characteristics for the blazar emission site
Identities in transit : The (re)connections and (re)brandings of Berlin's municipal railway infrastructure after 1989

This article analyses urban railway infrastructures as landscapes in order to reveal their role as constructions and constructors of collective and individual identities. It does this by introducing the notion of 'identities in transit', a rhetorical category that problematises the tendency to consider the nexus of urban infrastructure and identity formation only during discrete moments and in relation to abstract subjectivities. Specifically, it explores the (re)connections and (re)brandings that Berlin's municipal railway infrastructure, the Stadtschnellbahn (S-Bahn) and Untergrundbahn (U-Bahn), experienced in the years surrounding the fall of the Berlin Wall, and considers their contribution to the formation of post-unification municipal identities. These discussions are historicised and contextualised by an account of the consequences of Berlin's Cold War division on its transport infrastructure. The article then considers the subsequent impact of the city's reunification and how the S- and U-Bahn became a means of constructing more unified municipal identities. It considers the process by which Berlin's municipal railway networks were reconnected after November 1989 and frames this process as a metaphor for both the different durations and protracted process of the city's reunification and the identities these gave rise to. Thereafter, the article argues that the rebranding strategy pursued by one of the city's municipal transport authorities provides one of the earliest examples of an attempt to manufacture a unified identity for the New Berlin. The article highlights that while processes at the municipal level emphasised the unification of collective identities, experiences of the infrastructures themselves often involved persisting divides and forms of subversion and social conflict that highlighted the meeting of more diverse individual identities
Thermal Analysis On Heat Transfer Enhancement And Fluid Flow for Low Concentration of Al2O3 Water - Ethylene Glycol Mixture Nanofluid in A Single PEMFC Cooling Plate

Numerical analysis of thermal enhancement for a single Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cooling\ud
plate is presented in this paper. A low concentration of Al2O3 in Water - Ethylene Glycol mixtures was used as\ud
coolant in 220mm x 300mm cooling plate with 22 parallel mini channels of 1 x 5 x 100mm. This cooling plate\ud
mimicked conventional PEMFC cooling plate as it was made of carbon graphite. Large header was added to have an\ud
even velocity distribution across all Re number studied. The cooling plate was subjected to a constant heat flux of 100W that represented the artificial heat load of a single cell. Al2O3 nano particle volume % concentration of 0.1 and 0.5 vol was dispersed in 50:50 (water: Ethylene Glycol) mixtures. The effect of different flow rates to heat transfer enhancement and fluid flow in Re range of 30 to 150 were observed. The result showed that thermal performance has improved by 7.3 and 4.6% for 0.5 and 0.1 vol % Al2O3 consecutively in 50:50 (water:EG) as compared to base fluid of 50:50 (water:EG). It is shown that the higher vol % concentration of Al2O3 the better the heat transfer enhancement but at the expense of higher pumping power required as much as 0.04W due to increase in pressure drop. The positive thermal results implied that Al2O3 nanofluid is a potential candidate for future applications in PEM fuel cell thermal management