pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Dark matter and spin-1 milli-charged particles

New physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model predict the existence of milli-charged particles. So far, only spin-1/2 and spin-0 milli-charged particles have been considered in literature, leaving out the interesting case of spin-1. We propose a minimal unitary and renormalizable model of massive milli-charged vector particles. Unitarity requires that these particles are gauge bosons of a non-abelian spontaneously broken gauge symmetry. The minimal scenario then consists of an extended Standard Model gauge group SU(2)L × U(1)Y × SU(2)D together with a SU(2)D dark Higgs boson responsible for the symmetry breaking in the dark sector. By imposing that the dark Higgs multiplet has a non-vanishing milli-hypercharge, stable milli-charged spin-1 fields arise thereby providing a potential dark matter candidate. We analyse the phenomenological constraints on this scenario and discuss their implications
The management of schools’ websites in Cantabria, Spain

School websites are not only sources of information and documentation, but also means of communication that are increasingly being accessed by members of society, especially by the different educational communities, thanks to the democratisation of Internet access. This paper deals with a qualitative research project in which information and communication technology coordinators of infant and primary publicly funded private schools (concertados) and state schools in urban, rural and semi-urban/rural areas within the Region of Cantabria (Spain) were interviewed in order to understand how school websites are managed. The findings show a range of views and practices in the schools’ management of their websites, some positive developments in their uses and functions, and numerous opportunities for improvement. School websites are essential communication tools, which need to be continuously improved/updated by their managers, with the support of the education authorities
Of Miracles and Interventions

In Making Things Happen, James Woodward influentially combines a causal modeling analysis of actual causation with an INTERVENTIONIST semantics for the counterfactuals encoded in causal models. This leads to circularities, since interventions are defined in terms of both actual causation and interventionist counterfactuals. Circularity can be avoided by instead combining a causal modeling\ud
analysis with a semantics along the lines of that given by David Lewis, on which counterfactuals are to be evaluated with respect to worlds in which their antecedents are realized by MIRACLES. I argue, pace Woodward, that causal modeling analyses perform just as well when combined with the Lewisian semantics as when combined with the interventionist semantics. Reductivity therefore remains a reasonable hope
Automatic Categorization for Improving Spanish into Spanish Sign Language Machine Translation

This paper describes a preprocessing module for improving the performance of a Spanish into Spanish Sign Language (Lengua de Signos Espanola: LSE) translation system when dealing with sparse training data. This preprocessing module replaces Spanish words with associated tags. The list with Spanish words (vocabulary) and associated tags used by this module is computed automatically considering those signs that show the highest probability of being the translation of every Spanish word. This automatic tag extraction has been compared to a manual strategy achieving almost the same improvement. In this analysis, several alternatives for dealing with non-relevant words have been studied. Non-relevant words are Spanish words not assigned to any sign. The preprocessing module has been incorporated into two well-known statistical translation architectures: a phrase-based system and a Statistical Finite State Transducer (SFST). This system has been developed for a specific application domain: the renewal of Identity Documents and Driver's License. In order to evaluate the system a parallel corpus made up of 4080 Spanish sentences and their LSE translation has been used. The evaluation results revealed a significant performance improvement when including this preprocessing module. In the phrase-based system, the proposed module has given rise to an increase in BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) from 73.8% to 81.0% and an increase in the human evaluation score from 0.64 to 0.83. In the case of SFST, BLEU increased from 70.6% to 78.4% and the human evaluation score from 0.65 to 0.82
Competition between mesoplasticity and damage under HCF – Elasticity/damage shakedown concept

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142112306003240The aim of this paper is to present new modelling dedicated to multiaxial high cycle fatigue (HCF), and applied to polycrystalline metals. The model presented is based on the experimental characterization of damage during HCF tests, under pure tension and torsion modes. The origin of this approach is a mesoscopic model considering three plastic behaviour stages (hardening, saturation and softening) suggested by Papadopoulos [Papadopoulos I.V. Fatigue limit of metals under multiaxial stress conditions: the microscopic approach. Technical Note No. I.93.101, Commission of the European Communities, Joint Research Centre; 1993. [ISEI/IE 2495/93].], and used by Morel [Morel F. A critical plane approach for life prediction of high cycle fatigue under multiaxial variable loading. Int J Fatigue 2000;22:101–119.]. The principal evolution brought in by this study is a competition description during all the sample lifetime of the plasticity and damage effects. The plasticity mechanisms induce a hardening saturating effects (resulting from movement and accumulation of dislocations), especially significant at the beginning of the crystal life. Damage, present at the end of crystal lifetime, is considered as a degradation process inducing a strong reduction of the crystal ductility, leading to its failure (decohesion). The coexistence and the competition between these two effect (hardening and damage-induced softening) describe cyclic crystal behavior, including shakedown phase. The model is formulated in the framework of the continuum damage mechanics, according to the identified physical mechanisms during the tests. The second purpose is to compare the model predictions with experimental data, after identification of the parameter for a ferritic-pearlitic steel. The case of in-phase loading is merely studied here. In particular, the evolution of a few internal variables is discussed and correlated with the available physical features. It is shown that this model provides a complementary insight into a crystal with respect to the endurance criterion of Dang Van. The model predicts, in a particular stress amplitude range, the damage growth arrest
ON THE COMPLEXITY OF THE CHIP-FIRING REACHABILITY PROBLEM

In this paper, we study the complexity of the chip-firing reachability problem. We show that for Eulerian digraphs, the reachability problem can be decided in strongly polynomial time, even if the digraph has multiple edges. We also show a special case when the reachability problem can be decided in polynomial time for general digraphs: if the target distribution is recurrent restricted to each strongly connected component. As a further positive result, we show that the chip-firing reachability problem is in co-NP for general digraphs. We also show that the chip-firing halting problem is in co-NP for Eulerian digraphs
Intrinsic excitonic photoluminescence and band-gap engineering of wide-gap p-type oxychalcogenide epitaxial films of LnCuOCh (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd; Ch = S or Se) semiconductor alloys

The optical spectroscopic properties of layered oxychalcogenide semiconductors LnCuOCh (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd; Ch = S or Se) on epitaxial films were thoroughly investigated near the fundamental energy band edges. Free exciton emissions were observed for all the films between 300 and ~30 K. In addition, a sharp emission line, which was attributed to bound excitons, appeared below ~80 K. The free exciton energy showed a nonmonotonic relationship with lattice constant and was dependent on lanthanide and chalcogen ion substitutions. These results imply that the exciton was confined to the (Cu2Ch2)2– layer. Anionic and cationic substitutions tune the emission energy at 300 K from 3.21 to 2.89 eV and provide a way to engineer the electronic structure in light-emitting devices
Controlling strategy through dialectical management

Abstract. Controlling strategy has been portrayed as a matter of managing tensions. But what are these tensions and how do they arise in firms? In this paper, organizational strategy is represented by a target operating model that is maintained by dialectical relationships between functional areas. Using a pragmatic constructivist framework, the functional areas may be conceptualised as specialised managerial topoi. Drawing on field work in the hospitality industry, the paper employs an actor-based research methodology to show that organizational tensions may develop out of conflicts between the different goals and logics associated with the various functional areas such as marketing, sales, revenue management and finance. Although there was evidence of accountants acting as custodians of the budgetary system, in some situations, other functional areas such as marketing or revenue management seemed to be the corporate policemen as they protected the corporate brand against unplanned price discounting or short term cost saving tactics. Rather than seeing functional specialisation as a disruptive obstacle to organizational coherence, the paper presents arguments and evidence which suggest that with the deployment of the principles of dialectical management, tensions between the different business functions can enhance strategic control and development
Re-Examining the Gene in Personalized Genomics

Personalized Genomics companies (PG; also called ‘Direct-to-Consumer Genetics’) are businesses marketing genetic testing to consumers over the Internet.  While much has been written about these new businesses, little attention has been given to their roles in science communication.  This paper provides an analysis of the gene concept presented to customers and the relation between the information given and the science behind PG.  Two quite different gene concepts are present in company rhetoric, but only one features in the science.  To explain this, we must appreciate the delicate tension between PG, academic science, public expectation, and market forces
Implementation of local area network extension for instrumentation standard trigger capabilities in advanced data acquisition platforms

Synchronization mechanisms are an essential part of the real-time distributed data acquisition systems (DASs) used in fusion experiments. Traditionally, they have been based on the use of digital signals. The approach known as local area network extension for instrumentation (LXI) provides a set of very powerful synchronization and trigger mechanisms. The Intelligent Test Measurement System (ITMS) is a new platform designed to implement distributed data acquisition and fast data processing for fusion experiments. It is based on COMPATPCI technology and its extension to instrumentation (PXI). Hardware and software elements have been developed to include LXI trigger and synchronization mechanisms in this platform in order to obtain a class A LXI instrument. This paper describes the implementation of such a system, involving the following components: commercial hardware running a Linux operating system; a real-time extension to an operating system and network (RTAI and RTNET), which implements a software precision time protocol (PTP) using IEEE1588; an ad hoc PXI module to support hardware implementation of PTP-IEEE 1588; and the multipoint, low-voltage differential signaling hardware LXI trigger bus. ©2008 American Institute of Physic
Heat transfer enhancement in micro-channels caused by vortex promoters

This paper presents a systematic numerical study of the effects of heat transfer and pressure drop produced by vortex promoters of various shapes in a 2D, laminar flow in a micro-channel. The liquid is assumed to be water, with temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity. It is intended to obtain useful design criteria of micro-cooling systems, taking into account that practical solutions should be both thermally efficient and not expensive in terms of the pumping power. Three reference cross sections, namely circular/elliptical, rectangular, and triangular, at various aspect ratios are considered. The effect of the blockage ratio, the Reynolds number, and the relative position and orientation of the obstacle are also studied. Some design guidelines based on two figures of merit (related to thermal efficiency and pressure drop, respectively), which could be used in an engineering environment are provided
Artificial neural network algorithm for online glucose prediction from continuous glucose monitoring.

Background and Aims: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices could be useful for real-time management of diabetes therapy. In particular, CGM information could be used in real time to predict future glucose levels in order to prevent hypo-/hyperglycemic events. This article proposes a new online method for predicting future glucose concentration levels from CGM data.\ud
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Methods: The predictor is implemented with an artificial neural network model (NNM). The inputs of the NNM are the values provided by the CGM sensor during the preceding 20 min, while the output is the prediction of glucose concentration at the chosen prediction horizon (PH) time. The method performance is assessed using datasets from two different CGM systems (nine subjects using the Medtronic [Northridge, CA] Guardian® and six subjects using the Abbott [Abbott Park, IL] Navigator®). Three different PHs are used: 15, 30, and 45 min. The NNM accuracy has been estimated by using the root mean square error (RMSE) and prediction delay.\ud
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Results: The RMSE is around 10, 18, and 27 mg/dL for 15, 30, and 45 min of PH, respectively. The prediction delay is around 4, 9, and 14 min for upward trends and 5, 15, and 26 min for downward trends, respectively. A comparison with a previously published technique, based on an autoregressive model (ARM), has been performed. The comparison shows that the proposed NNM is more accurate than the ARM, with no significant deterioration in the prediction delay
SRBench: A streaming RDF/SPARQL benchmark

We introduce SRBench, a general-purpose benchmark primarily designed for streaming RDF/SPARQL engines, completely based on real-world data sets from the Linked Open Data cloud. With the increasing problem of too much streaming data but not enough tools to gain knowledge from them, researchers have set out for solutions in which Semantic Web technologies are adapted and extended for publishing, sharing, analysing and understanding streaming data. To help researchers and users comparing streaming RDF/SPARQL (strRS) engines in a standardised application scenario, we have designed SRBench, with which one can assess the abilities of a strRS engine to cope with a broad range of use cases typically encountered in real-world scenarios. The data sets used in the benchmark have been carefully chosen, such that they represent a realistic and relevant usage of streaming data. The benchmark defines a concise, yet  omprehensive set of queries that cover the major aspects of strRS processing. Finally, our work is complemented with a functional evaluation on three representative strRS engines: SPARQLStream, C-SPARQL and CQELS. The presented results are meant to give a first baseline and illustrate the state-of-the-art
A Socio-economic Metabolism Approach to Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation

Humanity faces three large challenges over the coming decades: urbanisation
and industrialisation in developing countries at unprecedented levels; concurrently,
we need to mitigate against dangerous climate change and we need to
consider fi nite global boundaries regarding resource depletion.
Responses to these challenges as well as models that inform strategies are fragmented.
The current mainstream framework for measuring and modelling climate
change mitigation focuses on the fl ows of energy and emissions and is insuffi cient
for simultaneously addressing the material and infrastructure needs of development.
The models’ inability to adequately represent the multiple interactions between
infrastructure stocks, materials, energy and emissions results in notable limitations.
They are inadequate: (1) to identify physically realistic (mass balance consistent)
mitigation pathways, (2) to anticipate potentially relevant co-benefi ts and risks and
thus (3) to identify the most effective strategies for linking targets for climate change
mitigation with goals for sustainable development, including poverty eradication,
infrastructure investment and mitigation of resource depletion.
This chapter demonstrates that a metabolic approach has the potential to address
urbanisation and infrastructure development and energy use and climate change, as
well as resource use, and therefore to provide a framework for integrating climate
change mitigation and sustainable development from a physical perspective.
Metabolic approaches can represent the cross-sector coupling between material and
energy use and waste (emissions) and also stocks in the anthroposphere (including
fi xed assets, public and private infrastructure). Stocks moderate the supply of services
such as shelter, communication, mobility, health and safety and employment
opportunities.
The development of anthropogenic stocks defi nes boundary conditions for industrial
activity over time. By 2050 there will be an additional three billion urban dwellers, almost all of them in developing countries. If they are to receive the level
of services converging on those currently experienced in developed nations, this
will entail a massive investment in infrastructure and substantial quantities of steel,
concrete and aluminium (materials that account for nearly half of industrial emissions).
This scenario is confronted by the legacy of existing infrastructure and the
limit of a cumulative carbon budget within which we could restrain global temperature
rise to <2 °C.
A metabolic framework incorporating stock dynamics can make an explicit connection
between the timing of infrastructure growth or replacement and the material
and energy needs of that investment. Moreover, it provides guidance on the technical
and systemic options for climate mitigation concurrent with a future of intense
urban development and industrialisation© The Author(s) 201
Using the hierarchy of biological ontologies to identify mechanisms in flat networks

Systems biology has provided new resources for discovering and reasoning about mechanisms. In addition to generating databases of large bodies of data, systems biologists have introduced platforms such as Cytoscape to represent protein–protein interactions, gene interactions, and other data in networks. Networks are inherently flat structures. One can identify clusters of highly connected nodes, but network representations do not represent these clusters as at a higher level than their constituents. Mechanisms, however, are hierarchically organized: they can be decomposed into their parts and their activities can be decomposed into component operations. A potent bridge between flat networks and hierarchical mechanisms is provided by biological ontologies, both those curated by hand such as Gene Ontology (GO) and those extracted directly from databases such as Network Extracted Ontology (NeXO). I examine several examples in which by applying ontologies to networks, systems biologists generate new hypotheses about mechanisms and characterize these novel strategies for developing mechanistic explanations
European antitrust policy 1957–2004 : an analysis of commission decisions

This paper provides a survey of  European antitrust law enforcement since its foundation in the Treaty of Rome of 1957 up to and including 2004. We present a complete overview and statistical analysis of all 538 formal Commission decisions under Articles 81, 82, and 86 of the European Community Treaty. We report a range of summary statistics concerning report route, investigation duration, length of the decision, decision type, imposed fines, number of parties, sector classification, nationality, and Commissioner and Director General responsible. The statistics are linked to changes in legislation and administrative implementation, thereby providing an historical overview that summarizes the Commission’s work in the area of antitrust. One or more appeals were filed with respect to 161 of the 538 decisions. We estimate the determinants of the size of the imposed fine and probability of appeal when an infringement has been found
Modelling technique for the assessment of the sub-soil drain for groundwater seepage remediation

Groundwater simulation technique was carried out for examining the performance of sub-soil drain at problematic site area. Subsoil
drain was proposed as one of solution for groundwater seepage
occurred at the slope face by reducing groundwater table at Taman Botani
Park Kuala Lumpur. The simulation technique used Modular Three-
Dimensional Finite Difference Groundwater Flow (MODFLOW) software.
In transient conditions, the results of simulation showed that heads
increases surpass 1 to 2 m from the elevation level of the slope area that
caused groundwater seepage on slope face. This study attempt to decrease
the heads increase surpass by using different sub-soil drain size in
simulation technique. The sub-soil drain capable to decline the heads
ranges of 1 to 2 m
Oceanic hindcast simulations at high resolution suggest that the Atlantic MOC is bistable

All climate models predict a freshening of the North Atlantic at high latitude that may induce an abrupt change of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (hereafter AMOC) if it resides in the bistable regime, where both a strong and a weak state coexist. The latter remains uncertain as there is no consensus among observations and ocean reanalyses, where the AMOC is bistable, versus most climate models that reproduce a mono-stable strong AMOC. A series of four hindcast simulations of the global ocean at 1/12° resolution, which is presently unique, are used to diagnose freshwater transport by the AMOC in the South Atlantic, an indicator of AMOC bistability. In all simulations, the AMOC resides in the bistable regime: it exports freshwater southward in the South Atlantic, implying a positive salt advection feedback that would act to amplify a decreasing trend in subarctic deep water formation as projected in climate scenarios
From a large-deviations principle to the Wasserstein gradient flow: a
  new micro-macro passage

We study the connection between a system of many independent Brownian
particles on one hand and the deterministic diffusion equation on the other.
For a fixed time step $h>0$, a large-deviations rate functional $J_h$
characterizes the behaviour of the particle system at $t=h$ in terms of the
initial distribution at $t=0$. For the diffusion equation, a single step in the
time-discretized entropy-Wasserstein gradient flow is characterized by the
minimization of a functional $K_h$. We establish a new connection between these
systems by proving that $J_h$ and $K_h$ are equal up to second order in $h$ as
$h\to0$. This result gives a microscopic explanation of the origin of the
entropy-Wasserstein gradient flow formulation of the diffusion equation.
Simultaneously, the limit passage presented here gives a physically natural
description of the underlying particle system by describing it as an entropic
gradient flow