pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the firing properties of an adaptive analog VLSI neuron

We describe the response properties of a compact, low power, analog circuit that implements a model of a leaky-Integrate & Fire (I&F) neuron, with spike-frequency adaptation, refractory period and voltage threshold modulation properties. We investigate the statistics of the circuit's output response by modulating its operating parameters, like refractory period and adaptation level and by changing the statistics of the input current. The results show a clear match with theoretical prediction and neurophysiological data in a given range of the parameter space. This analysis defines the chip's parameter working range and predicts its behavior in case of integration into large massively parallel very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) networks.
Immunization with H1, HASPB1 and MML Leishmania proteins in a vaccine trial against experimental canine leishmaniasis.

The protective capabilities of three Leishmania recombinant proteins - histone 1 (H1) and hydrophilic acylated surface protein B1 (HASPB1) immunized singly, or together as a protein cocktail vaccine with Montanide, and the polyprotein MML immunized with MPL-SE adjuvant - were assessed in beagle dogs. Clinical examination of the dogs was carried out periodically under blinded conditions and the condition of the dogs defined as asymptomatic or symptomatic. At the end of the trial, we were able to confirm that following infection with L. infantum promastigotes, five out of eight dogs immunized with H1 Montanide, and four out of eight dogs immunized with either the combination of HASPB1 with Montanide or the combination of H1+HASPB1 with Montanidetrade mark, remained free of clinical signs, compared with two out of seven dogs immunized with the polyprotein MML and adjuvant MPL-SE, and two out of eight dogs in the control group. The results demonstrate that HASPB1 and H1 antigens in combination with Montanide were able to induce partial protection against canine leishmaniasis, even under extreme experimental challenge conditions
A new functional calculus for non-commuting operators

In this paper we use the notion of slice monogenic functions \cite{slicecss}
to define a new functional calculus for an $n$-tuple $T$ of not necessarily
commuting operators. This calculus is different from the one discussed in
\cite{jefferies} and it allows the explicit construction of the eigenvalue
equation for the $n$-tuple $T$ based on a new notion of spectrum for $T$. Our
functional calculus is consistent with the Riesz-Dunford calculus in the case
of a single operator.Comment: to appear in Journal of Functional Analysi
Nanoscale Phenomenology from Visualizing Pair Formation Experiment

Recently, Gomes et al. [1] have visualized the gap formation in nanoscale
regions (NRs) above the critical temperature T_c in the high-T_c superconductor
Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}. It has been found that, as the temperature lowers,
the NRs expand in the bulk superconducting state consisted of inhomogeneities.
The fact that the size of the inhomogeneity [2] is close to the minimal size of
the NR [1] leads to a conclusion that the superconducting phase is a result of
these overlapped NRs. In the present paper we perform the charge and
percolation regime analysis of NRs and show that at the first critical doping
x_{c1}, when the superconductivity starts on, each NR carries the positive
electric charge one in units of electron charge, thus we attribute the NR to a
single hole boson, and the percolation lines connecting these bosons emerge. At
the second critical doping x_{c2}, when the superconductivity disappears, our
analysis demonstrates that the charge of each NR equals two. The origin of
x_{c2} can be understood by introducing additional normal phase hole fermions
in NRs, whose concentration appearing above x_{c1} increases smoothly with the
doping and breaks the percolation lines of bosons at x_{c2}. The last one
results in disappearing the bulk bosonic property of the pseudogap (PG) region,
which explains the upper bound for existence of vortices in Nernst effect [3].
Since [1] has demonstrated the absence of NRs at the PG boundary one can
conclude that along this boundary, as well as in x_{c2}, all bosons disappear.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Good quality figure one can find in published
  journal paper. Added 4 new references. Section of arXiv: 1010.043
Multi-domain ferroelectricity as a limiting factor for voltage
  amplification in ferroelectric field-effect transistors

We revise the possibility of having an amplified surface potential in
ferroelectric field-effect transistors pointed out by [S. Salahuddin and S.
Datta, Nano Lett. 8, 405 (2008)]. We show that the negative-capacitance regime
that allows for such an amplification is actually bounded by the appearance of
multi-domain ferroelectricity. This imposes a severe limit to the maximum
step-up of the surface potential obtainable in the device. We indicate new
device design rules taking into account this scenario.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Scaling laws in gravitational clustering for counts-in-cells and mass
  functions

We present in this article an analysis of some of the properties of the
density field realized in numerical simulations for power-law initial
power-spectra in the case of a critical density universe. We compare our
numerical results in the non-linear regime with the predictions of a specific
scaling model, focusing on its much wider range of applicability, which is one
of its main advantages over the standard Press-Schechter approximation. We
first check that the two-point correlation functions agree with the
stable-clustering ansatz. Next we show that the statistics of the
counts-in-cells obey the scaling law predicted by our scaling model. Then, we
turn to mass functions of overdense and underdense regions. We first consider
the mass function of "just collapsed" objects defined by a density threshold
$\Delta~177$. We note that the usual Press-Schechter prescription agrees
reasonably well with the simulations (although there are some discrepancies)
while the numerical results are also consistent with the scaling model. Then,
we consider more general mass functions defined by different density thresholds
which can even be negative. This is out of reach of the Press-Schechter
approach while our scaling model can handle these mass functions and it shows a
reasonably good agreement with numerical results. Finally, we consider objects
defined by a constant radius condition. Thus, we find that the scaling model
allows one to study many different classes of objects and it clarifies the
links between various statistical tools.Comment: 17 pages, final version published in MNRA
Quenched and first unquenched lattice HQET determination of the Bs-Meson
  width difference

We present recent results for the prediction of the Bs lifetime difference
from lattice Heavy Quark Effective Theory simulations. In order to get a
next-to-leading order result we have calculated the matching between QCD and
HQET and the two-loop anomalous dimensions in the HQET for all the \Delta B=2
operators, in particular for the operators which enter the width difference. We
present results from quenched and, for the first time, from unquenched
simulations. We obtain for the Bs lifetime difference,
(\Delta\Gamma_Bs/\Gamma_Bs)^{(que.)}=(5.1+/- 1.9+/- 1.7)10^(-2) and
(\Delta\Gamma_Bs/\Gamma_Bs)^{(unq.)}=(4.3+/- 2.0+/- 1.9)10^(-2) from the
quenched and unquenched simulations respectivelyComment: Lattice 2000 (Heavy Quark Physics), 4 pages, LaTeX. Some misprints
  corrected. No result change
Constraints on quark energy loss from Drell-Yan data

A leading-order analysis of E866/NuSea and NA3 Drell-Yan data in nuclei is
carried out. At Fermilab energy, the large uncertainties in the amount of sea
quark shadowing prohibit clarifying the origin of the nuclear dependence
observed experimentally. On the other hand, the small shadowing contribution to
the Drell-Yan process in pi- A collisions at SPS allows one to set tight
constraints on the energy loss of fast quarks in nuclear matter. We find the
transport coefficient to be q = 0.24+/-0.18 GeV/fm^2 that corresponds to a mean
energy loss per unit length -dE/dz = 0.20+/-0.15 GeV/fm for E > 50 GeV quarks
in a large (A=200) nucleus.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures. New modelling of the quenching, conclusions
  unchanged. Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Indirect ultraviolet photodesorption from CO:N2 binary ices - an
  efficient grain-gas process

UV ice photodesorption is an important non-thermal desorption pathway in many
interstellar environments that has been invoked to explain observations of cold
molecules in disks, clouds and cloud cores. Systematic laboratory studies of
the photodesorption rates, between 7 and 14 eV, from CO:N2 binary ices, have
been performed at the DESIRS vacuum UV beamline of the synchrotron facility
SOLEIL. The photodesorption spectral analysis demonstrates that the
photodesorption process is indirect, i.e. the desorption is induced by a photon
absorption in sub-surface molecular layers, while only surface molecules are
actually desorbing. The photodesorption spectra of CO and N2 in binary ices
therefore depend on the absorption spectra of the dominant species in the
subsurface ice layer, which implies that the photodesorption efficiency and
energy dependence are dramatically different for mixed and layered ices
compared to pure ices. In particular, a thin (1-2 ML) N2 ice layer on top of CO
will effectively quench CO photodesorption, while enhancing N2 photodesorption
by a factors of a few (compared to the pure ices) when the ice is exposed to a
typical dark cloud UV field, which may help to explain the different
distributions of CO and N2H+ in molecular cloud cores. This indirect
photodesorption mechanism may also explain observations of small amounts of
complex organics in cold interstellar environments.Comment: 21 pages 5 figure
Uniform boundedness and long-time asymptotics for the two-dimensional
  Navier-Stokes equations in an infinite cylinder

We study the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the two-dimensional
strip $\mathbb{R} \times [0,L]$, with periodic boundary conditions and no
exterior forcing. If the initial velocity is bounded, we prove that the
solution remains uniformly bounded for all times, and that the vorticity
distribution converges to zero as $t \to \infty$. We deduce that, after a
transient period, a laminar regime emerges in which the solution rapidly
converges to a shear flow governed by the one-dimensional heat equation. Our
approach is constructive and gives explicit estimates on the size of the
solution and the lifetime of the turbulent period in terms of the initial
Reynolds number.Comment: 24 pages, no figur
Phoretic self-propulsion at finite P\'eclet numbers

Phoretic self-propulsion is a unique example of force- and torque-free motion
on small scales. The classical framework describing the flow field around a
particle swimming by self-diffusiophoresis neglects the advection of the solute
field by the flow and assumes that the chemical interaction layer is thin
compared to the particle size. In this paper we quantify and characterize the
effect of solute advection on the phoretic swimming of a sphere. We first
rigorously derive the regime of validity of the thin-interaction layer
assumption at finite values of the P\'eclet number (Pe). Within this
assumption, we solve computationally the flow around Janus phoretic particles
and examine the impact of solute advection on propulsion and the flow created
by the particle. We demonstrate that although advection always leads to a
decrease of the swimming speed and flow stresslet at high values of the
P\'eclet number, an increase can be obtained at intermediate values of Pe. This
possible enhancement of swimming depends critically on the nature of the
chemical interactions between the solute and the surface. We then derive an
asymptotic analysis of the problem at small Pe allowing to rationalize our
computational results. Our computational and theoretical analysis is
accompanied by a parallel study of the role of reactive effects at the surface
of the particle on swimming (Damk\"ohler number).Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, to appear in J. Fluid Mec
Measurement of inclusive jet charged-particle fragmentation functions in
  Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of charged-particle fragmentation functions of jets produced in
ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions can provide insight into the modification
of parton showers in the hot, dense medium created in the collisions. ATLAS has
measured jets in $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC using a
data set recorded in 2011 with an integrated luminosity of 0.14 nb$^{-1}$. Jets
were reconstructed using the anti-$k_{t}$ algorithm with distance parameter
values $R$ = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Distributions of charged-particle transverse
momentum and longitudinal momentum fraction are reported for seven bins in
collision centrality for $R=0.4$ jets with $p_{{T}}^{\mathrm{jet}}> 100$ GeV.
Commensurate minimum $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ values are used for the other radii.
Ratios of fragment distributions in each centrality bin to those measured in
the most peripheral bin are presented. These ratios show a reduction of
fragment yield in central collisions relative to peripheral collisions at
intermediate $z$ values, $0.04 \lesssim z \lesssim 0.2$ and an enhancement in
fragment yield for $z \lesssim 0.04$. A smaller, less significant enhancement
is observed at large $z$ and large $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ in central collisions.Comment: 17 pages plus author list + cover pages (32 pages total), 8 figures,
  4 tables, published in Physics Letters B 739 (2014) 320-342. All figures
  including auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2012-08
Exact partition functions of Higgsed 5d $T_N$ theories

We present a general prescription by which we can systematically compute
exact partition functions of five-dimensional supersymmetric theories which
arise in Higgs branches of the $T_N$ theory. The theories may be realized by
webs of 5-branes whose dual geometries are non-toric. We have checked our
method by calculating the partition functions of the theories realized in
various Higgs branches of the $T_3$ theory. A particularly interesting example
is the $E_8$ theory which can be obtained by Higgsing the $T_6$ theory. We
explicitly compute the partition function of the $E_8$ theory and find the
agreement with the field theory result as well as the enhancement of the global
symmetry to $E_8$.Comment: 54 pages, 13 figures, v2. added an appendix and minor changes in the
  main text, version accepted on JHE
Nonminimal Derivative Couplings and Inflation in Generalized Theories of Gravity

We study extended theories of gravity where nonminimal derivative couplings of the form $R^{kl}\phi_{, k}\phi_{, l}$ are present in the Lagrangian. We show how and why the other couplings of similar structure may be ruled out and then deduce the field equations and the related cosmological models. Finally, we get inflationary solutions which do follow neither from any effective scalar field potential nor from a cosmological constant introduced ``by hand'', and we show the de Sitter space--time to be an attractor solution
Profile Shapes for Optically Thick X-ray Emission Lines from Stellar Winds

We consider the consequences of appreciable line optical depth for the profile shape of X-ray emission lines formed in stellar winds. The hot gas is thought to arise in distributed wind shocks, and the line formation is predominantly via collisional excitation followed by radiative decay. Such lines are often modelled as optically thin, but the theory has difficulty matching resolved X-ray line profiles. We suggest that for strong lines of abundant metals, newly created photons may undergo resonance scattering, modifying the emergent profile. Using Sobolev theory in a spherically symmetric wind, we show that thick-line resonance scattering leads to emission profiles that still have blueshifted centroids like the thin lines, but which are considerably less asymmetric in appearance. We focus on winds in the constant-expansion domain, and derive an analytic form for the profile shape in the limit of large line and photoabsorptive optical depths. Our theory is applied to published {\it Chandra} observations of the O star $\zeta$ Pup
Central Invariants and Frobenius-Schur Indicators for Semisimple
  Quasi-Hopf Algebras

In this paper, we obtain a canonical central element $\nu_H$ for each
semi-simple quasi-Hopf algebra $H$ over any field $k$ and prove that $\nu_H$ is
invariant under gauge transformations. We show that if $k$ is algebraically
closed of characteristic zero then for any irreducible representation of $H$
which affords the character $\chi$, $\chi(\nu_H)$ takes only the values 0, 1 or
-1, moreover if $H$ is a Hopf algebra or a twisted quantum double of a finite
group then $\chi(\nu_H)$ is the corresponding Frobenius-Schur Indicator. We
also prove an analog of a Theorem of Larson-Radford for split semi-simple
quasi-Hopf algebra over any field $k$. Using this result, we establish the
relationship between the antipode $S$, the values of $\chi(\nu_H)$, and certain
associated bilinear forms when the underlying field $k$ is algebraically closed
of characteristic zero.Comment: 32 pages (version 3
Reaction dynamics in Pb+Pb at the CERN/SPS: from partonic degrees of
  freedom to freeze-out

We analyze the reaction dynamics of central Pb+Pb collisions at 160
GeV/nucleon. First we estimate the energy density pile-up at mid-rapidity and
calculate its excitation function: The energy density is decomposed into
hadronic and partonic contributions. A detailed analysis of the collision
dynamics in the framework of a microscopic transport model shows the importance
of partonic degrees of freedom and rescattering of leading (di)quarks in the
early phase of the reaction for E > 30 GeV/nucleon. The energy density reaches
up to 4 GeV/fm^3, 95% of which are contained in partonic degrees of freedom. It
is shown that cells of hadronic matter, after the early reaction phase, can be
viewed as nearly chemically equilibrated. This matter never exceeds energy
densities of 0.4 GeV/fm^3, i.e. a density above which the notion of separated
hadrons loses its meaning. The final reaction stage is analyzed in terms of
hadron ratios, freeze-out distributions and a source analysis for final state
pions.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Proceedings of the Erice School on Nuclear
  Physics in Erice, Sicily, Italy, September 17 -25 1998; to be published in
  Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Vol. 4
Bose-Einstein condensation in the Rindler space

Based on the Unruh effect, we calculate the critical acceleration of the
Bose-Einstein condensation in a free complex scalar field at finite density in
the Rindler space. Our model corresponds to an ideal gas performing constantly
accelerating motion in a Minkowski space-time at zero-temperature, where the
gas is composed of the complex scalar particles and it can be thought to be in
a thermal-bath with the Unruh temperature. In the accelerating frame, the model
will be in the Bose-Einstein condensation state at low acceleration, on the
other hand there will be no condensation at high acceleration by the thermal
excitation brought into by the Unruh effect. Our critical acceleration is the
one at which the Bose-Einstein condensation begins to appear in the
accelerating frame when we decrease the acceleration gradually. To carry out
the calculation, we assume that the critical acceleration is much larger than
the mass of the particle.Comment: 18 pages, no figure; v2: improvement of the abstract, introduction
  and remarks, and some minor corrections; v3: mainly, description in the
  analysis part was improved, v5: accepted versio
Measurement of colour flow with the jet pull angle in $t\bar{t}$ events
  using the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

The distribution and orientation of energy inside jets is predicted to be an
experimental handle on colour connections between the hard--scatter quarks and
gluons initiating the jets. This Letter presents a measurement of the
distribution of one such variable, the jet pull angle. The pull angle is
measured for jets produced in $t\bar{t}$ events with one $W$ boson decaying
leptonically and the other decaying to jets using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data
recorded with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV
at the LHC. The jet pull angle distribution is corrected for detector
resolution and acceptance effects and is compared to various models.Comment: 15 pages plus author list + cover pages (31 pages total), 5 figures,
  4 tables, published on Physics Letters B (2015) 475-493. All figures
  including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/TOPQ-2014-09
Effect of UV Radiation on the Spectral Fingerprints of Earth-like
  Planets Orbiting M dwarfs

We model the atmospheres and spectra of Earth-like planets orbiting the
entire grid of M dwarfs for active and inactive stellar models with $T_{eff}$ =
2300K to $T_{eff}$ = 3800K and for six observed MUSCLES M dwarfs with UV
radiation data. We set the Earth-like planets at the 1AU equivalent distance
and show spectra from the VIS to IR (0.4$\mu$m - 20$\mu$m) to compare
detectability of features in different wavelength ranges with JWST and other
future ground- and spaced-based missions to characterize exo-Earths. We focus
on the effect of UV activity levels on detectable atmospheric features that
indicate habitability on Earth, namely: H$_2$O, O$_3$, CH$_4$, N$_2$O and
CH$_3$Cl.
  To observe signatures of life - O$_2$/O$_3$ in combination with reducing
species like CH$_4$, we find that early and active M dwarfs are the best
targets of the M star grid for future telescopes. The O$_2$ spectral feature at
0.76$\mu$m is increasingly difficult to detect in reflected light of later M
dwarfs due to low stellar flux in that wavelength region. N$_2$O, another
biosignature detectable in the IR, builds up to observable concentrations in
our planetary models around M dwarfs with low UV flux. CH$_3$Cl could become
detectable, depending on the depth of the overlapping N$_2$O feature.
  We present a spectral database of Earth-like planets around cool stars for
directly imaged planets as a framework for interpreting future lightcurves,
direct imaging, and secondary eclipse measurements of the atmospheres of
terrestrial planets in the HZ to design and assess future telescope
capabilities.Comment: in press, ApJ (submitted August 18, 2014), 16 pages, 12 figure