pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal metagenomic deep sequencing data, Lancaster, UK, 2014-2015.

Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from volunteers attending a general medical practice and a general hospital in Lancaster, UK, and at Lancaster University, in the winter of 2014?2015. 51 swabs were selected based on high RNA yield and allocated to deep sequencing pools as follows: patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthmatics; adults with no respiratory symptoms; adults with feverish respiratory symptoms; adults with respiratory symptoms and presence of antibodies against influenza C; paediatric patients with respiratory symptoms (2 pools); adults with influenza C infection (2 pools), giving a total of 9 pools. Illumina sequencing was performed, with data yields per pool in the range of 345.6 megabases to 14 gigabases after removal of reads aligning to the human genome. The data were deposited in the Sequence Read Archive at NCBI, and constitute a resource for study of the viral, bacterial and fungal metagenome of the human nasopharynx in healthy and diseased states and comparison with other metagenomic studies on the human respiratory tract.University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay National Health Service Foundation Trust, [NIHR-17799] ; Rosetrees Trust, [M395]
A Monte-Carlo Algorithm for Probabilistic Propagation in Belief Networks based on Importance Sampling and Stratified Simulation Techniques

A class of Monte Carlo algorithms for probability propagation in belief networks is given.
The simulation is based on a two steps procedure. The first one is a node deletion technique
to calculate the ’a posteriori’ distribution on a variable, with the particularity that when
exact computations are too costly, they are carried out in an approximate way. In the second
step, the computations done in the first one are used to obtain random configurations for the
variables of interest. These configurations are weighted according to the importance sampling
methodology. Different particular algorithms are obtained depending on the approximation
procedure used in the first step and in the way of obtaining the random configurations. In
this last case, a stratified sampling technique is used, which has been adapted to be applied
to very large networks without problems with round-off errors
Search for leptophobic Z' bosons decaying into four-lepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

A search for heavy narrow resonances decaying into four-lepton final states has been performed using proton–proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $fb^{−1}$. No excess of events over the standard model background expectation is observed. Upper limits for a benchmark model on the product of cross section and branching fraction for the production of these heavy narrow resonances are presented. The limit excludes leptophobic Z′ bosons with masses below 2.5TeV within the benchmark model. This is the first result to constrain a leptophobic Z′ resonance in the four-lepton channel
A global database of lake surface temperatures collected by in situ and satellite methods from 1985–2009

Global environmental change has influenced lake surface temperatures, a key driver of ecosystem structure and function. Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected in situ and/or by satellites for the period 1985–2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. This unique dataset offers an invaluable baseline perspective on global-scale lake thermal conditions as environmental change continue
Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey

EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support mammography for population-based screening, demonstrated to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality and treatment impact. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the reduction in mortality is 40 % for women aged 50-69 years taking up the invitation while the probability of false-positive needle biopsy is <1 % per round and overdiagnosis is only 1-10 % for a 20-year screening. Mortality reduction was also observed for the age groups 40-49 years and 70-74 years, although with "limited evidence". Thus, we firstly recommend biennial screening mammography for average-risk women aged 50-69 years; extension up to 73 or 75 years, biennially, is a second priority, from 40-45 to 49 years, annually, a third priority. Screening with thermography or other optical tools as alternatives to mammography is discouraged. Preference should be given to population screening programmes on a territorial basis, with double reading. Adoption of digital mammography (not film-screen or phosphor-plate computer radiography) is a priority, which also improves sensitivity in dense breasts. Radiologists qualified as screening readers should be involved in programmes. Digital breast tomosynthesis is also set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future. Dedicated pathways for high-risk women offering breast MRI according to national or international guidelines and recommendations are encouraged
Higgs boson gluon–fusion production at threshold in N3LO QCD.

We present the cross-section for the threshold production of the Higgs boson at hadron-colliders at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in perturbative QCD. We present an analytic expression for the partonic cross-section at threshold and the impact of these corrections on the numerical estimates for the hadronic cross-section at the LHC. With this result we achieve a major milestone towards a complete evaluation of the cross-section at N3LO which will reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the determination of the strengths of the Higgs boson interactions
Large Magnetoresistance in Fe/MgO/FeCo(001) Epitaxial Tunnel-Junctions on GaAs(001).

We present tunneling experiments on Fe~001!/MgO~20 Å!/FeCo~001! single-crystal epitaxial junctions of high quality grown by sputtering and laser ablation. Tunnel magnetoresistance measurements give 60% at 30 K, to be compared with 13% obtained recently on ~001!-oriented Fe/amorphous-Al2O3 /FeCo tunnel junctions. This difference demonstrates that the spin polarization of tunneling electrons is not directly related to the density of states of the free metal surface  Fe~001! in this case but depends on the actual electronic structure of the entire electrode/barrier system
Teaching design thinking : Expanding horizons in design education

The term design thinking is increasingly used to mean the human-centred 'open' problem solving process decision makers use to solve real world 'wicked' problems. Claims have been made that design thinking in this sense can radically improve not only product innovation but also decision making in other fields, such as management, public health, and organizations in general. Many design and management schools in North America and elsewhere now include course offerings in design thinking though little is known about how successful these are with students. The lack of such courses in Australia presents an opportunity to design a curriculum for design thinking, employing design thinking's own practices. This paper describes the development of a design thinking course at Swinburne University taught simultaneously in Melbourne and Hong Kong. Following a pilot of the course in Semester 1, 2011 with 90 enrolled students across the two countries, we describe lessons learned to date and future course considerations as it is being taught in its second iteration
Behavioural therapy for smoking cessation:the effectiveness of different interventions types for disadvantaged and affluent smokers

Background: Disadvantaged smokers are less likely to be successful when trying to stop smoking than more affluent smokers. In the UK, NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS) provide a range of pharmacotherapy and behavioural support, delivered by advisors with a range of backgrounds. Whether the types of support provided and who provides it influence differences in quit rates amongst low SES smokers compared with high SES smokers has not previously been examined. Methods: 202,084 records of smokers in England who attended a NHS Stop Smoking Service between July 2010 and June 2011 were acquired. Smokers were followed-up by services at four weeks post quit date. Multilevel logistic regression models of CO validated quits were employed. Disadvantage was explored through the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) and by eligibility for free prescriptions, an indicator of low income amongst adults aged between 19 and 59 in England. Results: Affluent smokers were more likely to quit than disadvantaged smokers (OR 1.38 (1.35 to 1.42) for clients who paid for prescriptions compared to those eligible for free prescriptions). 80% of service clients received one-to-one counselling but open group forms of behavioural therapy were more successful (main effect OR 1.26 (1.12 to 1.41)) except amongst some of the most disadvantaged clients (long-term unemployed and prisoners). Closed groups were little deployed and they were not significantly more successful than one-to-one behavioural therapy after controls. Who delivered treatment did make a difference for some clients, with all but the most affluent less likely to be successful if they had been treated by a nurse compared with other types of advisers, including smoking cessation specialists (main effect OR 0.73 (0.65 to 0.83)). Conclusion: This study provides further evidence that disadvantaged smokers find quitting more difficult even when they have attended a smoking cessation programme. The findings suggest that open groups should be promoted, although they may not be as effective as other forms of behavioural therapy for the long-term unemployed or prisoners. Further research is required to explore why most groups of smokers who attended services staffed by nurses were less likely to quit than those who received treatment from other types of advisors
Simplifying Process Model Abstraction:\ud
Techniques for Generating Model Names

The increased adoption of business process management approaches, tools, and practices has led organizations\ud
to accumulate large collections of business process models. These collections can easily include from a\ud
hundred to a thousand models, especially in the context of multinational corporations or as a result of\ud
organizational mergers and acquisitions. A concrete problem is thus how to maintain these large repositories\ud
in such a way that their complexity does not hamper their practical usefulness as a means to describe and\ud
communicate business operations. This paper proposes a technique to automatically infer suitable names\ud
for business process models and fragments thereof. This technique is useful for model abstraction scenarios,\ud
as for instance when user-specific views of a repository are required, or as part of a refactoring initiative\ud
aimed to simplify the repository's complexity. The technique is grounded in an adaptation of the theory\ud
of meaning to the realm of business process models. We implemented the technique in a prototype tool\ud
and conducted an extensive evaluation using three process model collections from practice and a case study\ud
involving process modelers with different experience
Newton law corrections and instabilities in $f(R)$ gravity with the
  effective cosmological constant epoch

We consider class of modified $f(R)$ gravities with the effective
cosmological constant epoch at the early and late universe. Such models pass
most of solar system tests as well they satisfy to cosmological bounds. Despite
their very attractive properties, it is shown that one realistic class of such
models may lead to significant Newton law corrections which become small at the
future universe only. The model with acceptable Newton law regime shows the
matter instability. This suggests that more complicated version of such theory
(or extended parameters space) should be investigated.Comment: LaTeX file, 9 pages, correction/clarification is mad
Measurement of the tt¯ production cross section in the all-jet final state in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

A measurement is presented of the tt¯ production cross section (σtt¯) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, in the all-jet final state that contains at least six jets, two of which are tagged as originating from b quarks. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 3.54 fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The cross section is determined through an unbinned maximum likelihood fit of background and tt¯ signal to the reconstructed mass spectrum of tt¯ candidates in the data, in which events are subjected to a kinematic fit assuming a tt¯→W+bW−b¯→6 jets hypothesis. The measurement yields σtt¯=139±10(stat.)±26(syst.)±3(lum.)pb , a result consistent with those obtained in other tt¯ decay channels, as well as with predictions of the standard model
Parametrizing the lepton mixing matrix in terms of deviations from
  tri-bimaximal mixing

We propose a parametrization of the lepton mixing matrix in terms of an
expansion in powers of the deviations of the reactor, solar and atmospheric
mixing angles from their tri-bimaximal values. We show that unitarity triangles
and neutrino oscillation formulae have a very compact form when expressed in
this parametrization, resulting in considerable simplifications when dealing
with neutrino phenomenology. The parametrization, which is completely general,
should help to establish possible relations between the deviations of the
reactor, solar and atmospheric mixing angles from their tri-bimaximal values,
and hence enable models which predict such relations to be more directly
compared to experiment.Comment: More references added. 14 pages, 2 figure
Probabilistic skill in ensemble seasonal forecasts

Simulation models are widely employed to make probability forecasts of future conditions on seasonal to annual lead times. Added value in such forecasts is reflected in the information they add either to purely empirical statistical models, or to simpler simulation models. An evaluation of seasonal probability forecasts from the DEMETER and the ENSEMBLES multi-model ensemble experiments is presented. Two particular regions are considered (Nino3.4 in the Pacific and Main Development Region in the Atlantic); these regions were chosen before any spatial distribution of skill were examined. The ENSEMBLES models are found to have skill against the climatological distribution on seasonal time scales. For models in ENSEMBLES which have a clearly defined predecessor model in DEMETER, the improvement from DEMETER to ENSEMBLES is discussed. Due to the long lead times of the forecasts and the evolution of observation technology, the forecast-outcome archive for seasonal forecast evaluation is small; arguably evaluation data for seasonal forecasting will always be precious. Issues of information contamination from in-sample evaluation are discussed, impacts (both positive and negative) of variations in cross-validation protocol are demonstrated. Other difficulties due to the small forecast-outcome archive are identified. The claim that the multi-model ensemble provides a “better" probability forecast than the best single model is examined and challenged. Significant forecast information beyond the climatological distribution is also demonstrated in a persistence probability forecast. The ENSEMBLES probability forecasts add significantly more information to empirical probability forecasts on seasonal time scales than on decadal scales. Current operational forecasts might be enhanced by melding information both from simulation models and from empirical models. Simulation models based on physical principles are sometimes expected, in principle, to outperform empirical models; direct comparison of their forecast skill provides information on progress toward that goal
Gauged B-x_i L origin of R parity and its implications

Gauged B-L is a popular candidate for the origin of the conservation of R
parity, i.e. R = (-)^{3B+L+2j}, in supersymmetry, but it fails to forbid the
effective dimension-five terms arising from the superfield combinations QQQL,
uude, and uddN, which allow the proton to decay. Changing it to B-x_i L, where
x_e+x_\mu+x_\tau=3 (with x_i not equal to 1) for the three families, would
forbid these terms while still serving as a gauge origin of R parity. We show
how this is achieved in two minimal models with realistic neutrino mass
matrices, and discuss their phenomenological implications.Comment: Version to appear in PL
Electron-phonon coupling in single walled carbon nanotubes determined by
  shot noise

We have measured shot noise in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes of
length L=1 $\mu$m and have found strong suppression of noise with increasing
voltage. We conclude that the coupling of electron and phonon baths at
temperatures $T_e$ and $T_{ph}$ is described at intermediate bias (20 mV $<$
\vv $\lesssim $ 200 mV) by heat flow equation $P=\Sigma L (T_e^3-T_{ph}^3)$
where $\Sigma \sim 3 \cdot 10^{-9}$ W/mK$^3$ due to electron interaction with
acoustic phonons, while at higher voltages optical phonon - electron
interaction leads to $P =\kappa_{op} L [N (T_e)-N(T_{ph})]$ where $N(T)=
1/(\exp(\hbar\Omega/k_BT)-1)$ with optical phonons energy $\hbar \Omega$ and
$\kappa_{op}=2 \cdot 10^{2}$ W/m.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
The Blueshifting and Baldwin effects for the [OIII] 5007 Emission Line
  in Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei

We use homogeneous samples of radio-quiet Seyfert 1 galaxies and QSOs
selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to investigate the connection
between the velocity shift and the equivalent width (EW) of the [OIII] 5007
emission line, and their correlations with physical parameters of active
galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find a significant and negative correlation between
the EW of the core component, EW(core), and the blueshift of either the core
(the peak), the wing, or the total profile of [OIII] emission; it is fairly
strong for the blueshift of the total profile particularly. However, both
quantities (EW and velocity shift) generally have only weak, if any,
correlations with fundamental AGN parameters such as the nuclear continuum
luminosity at 5100 L_{5100}, black hole mass (M_{BH}), and the Eddington ratio
(L/L_{Edd}); these correlations include the classical Baldwin effect of
EW(core), an inverse Baldwin effect of EW(wing), and the relationship between
velocity shifts and \lratio. Our findings suggest that both the large
object-to-object variation in the strength of [OIII] emission and the
blueshift--EW(core) connection are not governed primarily by fundamental AGN
parameters such as L_{5100}, M_{BH} and L/L_{Edd}. We propose that the ISM
conditions of the host galaxies play a major role instead in the diversity of
the [OIII] properties in active galaxies. This suggests that the use of[OIII]
5007 luminosity as proxy of AGN luminosity does not depend strongly on the
above-mentioned fundamental AGN parameters.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
Single crystals of DPPH grown from diethyl ether and carbon disulfide
  solutions - Crystal structures, IR, EPR and magnetization studies

Single crystals of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
obtained from diethyl ether (ether) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were
characterized by the X-ray diffraction, IR, EPR and SQUID magnetization
techniques. The X-ray structural analysis and IR spectra showed that the DPPH
form crystallized from ether (DPPH1) is solvent free, whereas that one obtained
from CS2 (DPPH2) is a solvate of the composition 4DPPH.CS2. Principal values of
the g-tensor were estimated by the X-band EPR spectroscopy at room and low (10
K) temperatures. Magnetization studies revealed the presence of
antiferromagnetically coupled dimers in both types of crystals. However, the
way of dimerization as well as the strength of exchange couplings are different
in the two DPPH samples, which is in accord with their crystal structures. The
obtained results improved parameters accuracy and enabled better understanding
of properties of DPPH as a standard sample in the EPR spectrometry
Spontaneous and induced dynamic fluctuations in glass-formers I: General
  results and dependence on ensemble and dynamics

We study theoretically and numerically a family of multi-point dynamic
susceptibilities that quantify the strength and characteristic lengthscales of
dynamic heterogeneities in glass-forming materials. We use general theoretical
arguments (fluctuation-dissipation relations and symmetries of relevant
dynamical field theories) to relate the sensitivity of averaged two-time
correlators to temperature and density to spontaneous fluctuations of the local
dynamics. Our theoretical results are then compared to molecular dynamics
simulations of the Newtonian, Brownian and Monte-Carlo dynamics of two
representative glass-forming liquids, a fragile binary Lennard-Jones mixture
and a model for the strong glass-former silica. We justify in detail the claim
made in [Science 310, 1797 (2005)], that the temperature dependence of
correlation functions allows one to extract useful information on dynamic
lengthscales in glassy systems. We also discuss some subtle issues associated
to the choice of microscopic dynamics and of statistical ensemble through
conserved quantities, which are found to play an important role in determining
dynamic correlations.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figs - Several discussions added (Arrhenius systems,
  hydrodynamic contributions, relation between susceptibilities and
  lengthscales, etc.
Different approaches to the study of the gravitational radiation emitted
  by astrophysical sources

Stars and black holes are sources of gravitational radiation in many phases
of their life, and the signals they emit exhibit features that are
characteristic of the generating process. Emitted since the beginning of star
formation, these signals also contribute to create a stochastic background of
gravitational waves. We shall show how the spectral properties of this
background can be estimated in terms of the energy spectrum of each single
event and of the star formation rate history, which is now deducible from
astronomical observations. We shall further discuss the process of scattering
of masses by stars and black holes, showing that, unlike black holes, stars
emit signals that carry a clear signature of the nature of the source.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, Latex, accepted for publication in Annalen der
  Physi