pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Human Endogenous Retrovirus and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy.

Human endogenous retroviruses HERV-W encode a pro-inflammatory protein, named MSRV-Env from its original identification in Multiple Sclerosis. Though not detected in various neurological controls, MSRV-Env was found in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (CIDPs). This study investigated the expression of MSRV in CIDP and evaluated relevant MSRV-Env pathogenic effects.
50 CIDP patients, 19 other neurological controls (ONDs) and 65 healthy blood donors (HBDs) were recruited from two different countries. MSRV-env and -pol transcripts, IL6 and CXCL10 levels were quantified from blood samples. MSRV-Env immunohistology was performed in distal sensory nerves from CIDP and neurological controls biopsies. MSRV-Env pathogenic effects and mode of action were assayed in cultured primary human Schwann cells (HSCs).
In both cohorts, MSRV-env and -pol transcripts, IL6 positivity prevalence and CXCL10 levels were significantly elevated in CIDP patients when compared to HBDs and ONDs (statistically significant in all comparisons). MSRV-Env protein was detected in Schwann cells in 5/7 CIDP biopsies. HSC exposed to or transfected with MSRV-env presented a strong increase of IL6 and CXCL10 transcripts and protein secretion. These pathogenic effects on HSC were inhibited by GNbAC1, a highly specific and neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody targeting MSRV-Env.
The present study showed that MSRV-Env may trigger the release of critical immune mediators proposed as instrumental factors involved in the pathophysiology of CIDP. Significant MSRV-Env expression was detected in a significant proportion of patients with CIDP, in which it may play a role according to its presently observed effects on Schwann cells along with previously known effects on immune cells. Experimental results also suggest that a biomarker-driven therapeutic strategy targeting this protein with a neutralizing antibody such as GNbAC1 may offer new perspectives for treating CIDP patients with positive detection of MSRV-Env expression.
Geneuro-Innovation, France
Minimal and maximal elements in two-sided cells of Sn and Robinson-Schensted correspondence

In symmetric groups, a two-sided cell is the set of all permutations\ud
which are mapped by the Robinson-Schensted correspondence on a pair\ud
of tableaux of the same shape. In this article, we show that the set of permutations in a two-sided cell which have a minimal number of inversions is the set of permutations which have a maximal number of inversions in conjugated Young subgroups. We also give an interpretation of these sets\ud
with particular tableaux, called reading tableaux. As corollary, we give the set of elements in a two-sided cell which have a maximal number of inversions
Measurement of the total cross section from elastic scattering in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the total pp cross section at the LHC at √s = 7 TeV is presented. In a special run with high-β⋆ beam optics, an integrated luminosity of 80 μb[superscript −1] was accumulated in order to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable t. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the |t| range from 0.01 GeV[superscript 2] to 0.1 GeV[superscript 2] to extrapolate to |t|→0, the total cross section, σ[subscript tot](pp→X), is measured via the optical theorem to be: σ[subscript tot](pp → X) = 95.35 ± 0.38 (stat.) ± 1.25 (exp.) ± 0.37 (extr.) mb, where the first error is statistical, the second accounts for all experimental systematic uncertainties and the last is related to uncertainties in the extrapolation to |t|→0. In addition, the slope of the elastic cross section at small |t| is determined to be B = 19.73 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.26 (syst.) GeV[superscript −2].European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Brookhaven National Laborator
Measurements of the ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) differential cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum p[subscript T] are presented for the production of ϒ(nS) (n = 1, 2, 3) states decaying into a pair of muons. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb[superscript −1] in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis selects events with dimuon rapidity |y|<1.2 and dimuon transverse momentum in the range 10<p[subscript T]<100 GeV. The measurements show a transition from an exponential to a power-law behavior at p[subscript T]≈20 GeV for the three ϒ states. Above that transition, the ϒ(3S) spectrum is significantly harder than that of the ϒ(1S). The ratios of the ϒ(3S) and ϒ(2S) differential cross sections to the ϒ(1S) cross section show a rise as p[subscript T] increases at low p[subscript T], then become flatter at higher p[subscript T].United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Data-driven polynomial ridge approximation using variable projection

Inexpensive surrogates are useful for reducing the cost of science and
engineering studies involving large-scale, complex computational models with
many input parameters. A ridge approximation is one class of surrogate that
models a quantity of interest as a nonlinear function of a few linear
combinations of the input parameters. When used in parameter studies (e.g.,
optimization or uncertainty quantification), ridge approximations allow the low
dimensional structure to be exploited, reducing the effective dimension. We
introduce a new, fast algorithm for constructing a ridge approximation where
the nonlinear function is a polynomial. This polynomial ridge approximation is
chosen to minimize least squared mismatch between the surrogate and the
quantity of interest on a given set of inputs. Naively, this would require
optimizing both the polynomial coefficients and the linear combination of
weights; the latter of which define a low-dimensional subspace of the input
space. However, given a fixed subspace the optimal polynomial can be found by
solving a linear least-squares problem, and hence by using variable projection
the polynomial can be implicitly found leaving an optimization problem over the
subspace alone. We provide an algorithm that finds this polynomial ridge
approximation by minimizing over the Grassmann manifold of low-dimensional
subspaces using a Gauss-Newton method. We provide details of this optimization
algorithm and demonstrate its performance on several numerical examples. Our
Gauss-Newton method has superior theoretical guarantees and faster convergence
than the alternating approach for polynomial ridge approximation earlier
proposed by Constantine, Eftekhari, Hokanson, and Ward
[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2017.07.038] that alternates between (i)
optimizing the polynomial coefficients given the subspace and (ii) optimizing
the subspace given the coefficients
Heavy-tailed random walks on complexes of half-lines.

We study a random walk on a complex of finitely many half-lines joined at a common origin; jumps are heavy-tailed and of two types, either one-sided (towards the origin) or two-sided (symmetric). Transmission between half-lines via the origin is governed by an irreducible Markov transition matrix, with associated stationary distribution μk. If χk is 1 for one-sided half-lines k and 1 / 2 for two-sided half-lines, and αk is the tail exponent of the jumps on half-line k, we show that the recurrence classification for the case where all αkχk∈(0,1) is determined by the sign of ∑kμkcot(χkπαk). In the case of two half-lines, the model fits naturally on R and is a version of the oscillating random walk of Kemperman. In that case, the cotangent criterion for recurrence becomes linear in α1 and α2; our general setting exhibits the essential nonlinearity in the cotangent criterion. For the general model, we also show existence and non-existence of polynomial moments of return times. Our moments results are sharp (and new) for several cases of the oscillating random walk; they are apparently even new for the case of a homogeneous random walk on R with symmetric increments of tail exponent α∈(1,2)
Chirikov diffusion in the asteroidal three-body resonance (5, −2, −2)

The theory of diffusion in many-dimensional Hamiltonian system is applied to asteroidal dynamics. The general formulation developed by Chirikov is applied to the Nesvorný-Morbidelli analytic model of three-body (three-orbit) mean-motion resonances (Jupiter-Saturn-asteroid). In particular, we investigate the diffusion along and across the separatrices of the (5, −2, −2) resonance of the (490) Veritas asteroidal family and their relationship to diffusion in semi-major axis and eccentricity. The estimations of diffusion were obtained using the Melnikov integral, a Hadjidemetriou-type sympletic map and numerical integrations for times up to 108 years.Fil: Cachucho, Fernando. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cincotta, Pablo Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferraz Mello, Sylvio . Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi
Quantum criticality in Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton gravity

AbstractWe investigate the quantum Lifshitz criticality in a general background of Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton gravity. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of critical point with dynamic critical exponent z by tuning a nonminimal coupling to its critical value. We also study the effect of nonminimal coupling and exponent z to the Efimov states and holographic RG flow in the overcritical region. We have found that the nonminimal coupling increases the instability for a probe scalar to condensate and its back reaction is discussed. At last, we give a quantum mechanics treatment to a solvable system with z=2, and comment for generic z>2
Evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector using the Matrix Element Method

AbstractThis Letter presents evidence for single top-quark production in the s-channel using proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed on events containing one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two b-tagged jets in the final state. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. The signal is extracted using a maximum-likelihood fit of a discriminant which is based on the matrix element method and optimized in order to separate single-top-quark s-channel events from the main background contributions, which are top-quark pair production and W boson production in association with heavy-flavour jets. The measurement leads to an observed signal significance of 3.2 standard deviations and a measured cross-section of σs=4.8±0.8(stat.)−1.3+1.6(syst.) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model expectation. The expected significance for the analysis is 3.9 standard deviations
The River Orontes in Syria and Turkey: Downstream variation of fluvial archives in different crustal blocks

AbstractThe geomorphology and Quaternary history of the River Orontes in western Syria and south-central Turkey have been studied using a combination of methods: field survey, differential GPS, satellite imagery, analysis of sediments to determine provenance, flow direction and fluvial environment, incorporation of evidence from fossils for both palaeoenvironments and biostratigraphy, uranium-series dating of calcrete cement, reconciliation of Palaeolithic archaeological contents, and uplift modelling based on terrace height distribution. The results underline the contrasting nature of different reaches of the Orontes, in part reflecting different crustal blocks, with different histories of landscape evolution. Upstream from Homs the Orontes has a system of calcreted terraces that form a staircase extending to ~200m above the river. New U-series dating provides an age constraint within the lower part of the sequence that suggests underestimation of terrace ages in previous reviews. This upper valley is separated from another terraced reach, in the Middle Orontes, by a gorge cut through the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Homs Basalt. The Middle Orontes terraces have long been recognized as a source of mammalian fossils and Palaeolithic artefacts, particularly from Latamneh, near the downstream end of the reach. This terraced section of the valley ends at a fault scarp, marking the edge of the subsiding Ghab Basin (a segment of the Dead Sea Fault Zone), which has been filled to a depth of ~1km by dominantly lacustrine sediments of Pliocene–Quaternary age. Review of the fauna from Latamneh suggests that its age is 1.2–0.9Ma, significantly older than previously supposed, and commensurate with less uplift in this reach than both the Upper and Lower Orontes. Two localities near the downstream end of the Ghab have provided molluscan and ostracod assemblages that record somewhat saline environments, perhaps caused by desiccation within the former lacustrine basin, although they include fluvial elements. The Ghab is separated from another subsiding and formerly lacustrine depocentre, the Amik Basin of Hatay Province, Turkey, by a second gorge, implicit of uplift, this time cut through Palaeogene limestone. The NE–SW oriented lowermost reach of the Orontes is again terraced, with a third and most dramatic gorge through the northern edge of the Ziyaret Dağı mountains, which are known to have experienced rapid uplift, probably again enhanced by movement on an active fault. Indeed, a conclusion of the research, in which these various reaches are compared, is that the crust in the Hatay region is significantly more dynamic than that further upstream, where uplift has been less rapid and less continuous
Coulomb branch Hilbert series and three dimensional Sicilian theories.

We evaluate the Coulomb branch Hilbert series of mirrors of three dimensional Sicilian theories, which arise from compactifying the 6d (2, 0) theory with symmetry G on a circle times a Riemann surface with punctures. We obtain our result by gluing together the Hilbert series for building blocks Tρ(G), where ρ is a certain partition related to the dual group of G, which we evaluated in a previous paper. The result is expressed in terms of a class of symmetric functions, the Hall-Littlewood polynomials. As expected from mirror symmetry, our results agree at genus zero with the superconformal index prediction for the Higgs branch Hilbert series of the Sicilian theories and extend it to higher genus. In the A1 case at genus zero, we also evaluate the Coulomb branch Hilbert series of the Sicilian theory itself, showing that it only depends on the number of external legs
Morphometry and pattern of a large sample (>20,000) of Canadian eskers and implications for subglacial drainage beneath ice sheets

AbstractIce sheet flow is strongly influenced by the nature and quantity of meltwater entering the subglacial system. Accessing and monitoring contemporary drainage systems beneath ice sheets is notoriously difficult, but it is possible to utilise the exposed beds of palaeo-ice sheets. In particular, eskers record deposition in glacial drainage channels and are widespread on the exposed beds of former ice sheets. However, unlike some other common glacial landforms (e.g. drumlins) there have been relatively few attempts to investigate and quantify their characteristics at the ice sheet scale. This paper presents data on the distribution, pattern, and morphometry of a large (>20,000) sample of eskers in Canada, formed under the Laurentide Ice Sheet, including quantification of their length, fragmentation, sinuosity, lateral spacing, number of tributaries, and downstream elevation changes. Results indicate that eskers are typically very long (hundreds of km) and often very straight (mean sinuosity approximates 1). We interpret these long esker systems to reflect time-transgressive formation in long, stable conduits under hydrostatic pressure. The longest eskers (in the Keewatin sector) are also the least fragmented, which we interpret to reflect formation at an ice margin experiencing stable and gradual retreat. In many locations, the lateral distance between neighbouring eskers is remarkably consistent and results indicate a preferred spacing of around 12 km, consistent with numerical models which predict esker spacing of 8–25 km. In other locations, typically over soft sediments, eskers are rarer and their patterns are more chaotic, reflecting fewer large R-channels and rapidly changing ice sheet dynamics. Comparison of esker patterns with an existing ice margin chronology reveals that the meltwater drainage system evolved during deglaciation: eskers became more closely spaced with fewer tributaries as deglaciation progressed, which has been interpreted to reflect increased meltwater supply from surface melt. Eskers show no preference to trend up or down slopes, indicating that ice surface was an important control on their location and that the conduits were, in places, close to ice overburden pressure
Kaon production and kaon to pion ratio in Au + Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

AbstractMid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged and neutral kaons are reported for Au+Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV at RHIC. The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about 280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to pion ratios are K+/π−=0.161±0.002(stat)±0.024(syst) and K−/π−=0.146±0.002(stat)±0.022(syst) for the most central collisions. The K+/π− ratio is lower than the same ratio observed at the SPS while the K−/π− is higher than the SPS result. The ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p+p and p̄+p collision data at similar energies
C. elegans RAD-5/CLK-2 defines a new DNA damage checkpoint protein

AbstractBackground: In response to genotoxic stress, cells activate checkpoint pathways that lead to a transient cell cycle arrest that allows for DNA repair or to apoptosis, which triggers the demise of genetically damaged cells.Results: During positional cloning of the C. elegans rad-5 DNA damage checkpoint gene, we found, surprisingly, that rad-5(mn159) is allelic with clk-2(qm37), a mutant previously implicated in regulation of biological rhythms and life span. However, clk-2(qm37) is the only C. elegans clock mutant that is defective for the DNA damage checkpoint. We show that rad-5/clk-2 acts in a pathway that partially overlaps with the conserved C. elegans mrt-2/S. cerevisiae RAD17/S. pombe rad1(+) checkpoint pathway. In addition, rad-5/clk-2 also regulates the S phase replication checkpoint in C. elegans. Positional cloning reveals that the RAD-5/CLK-2 DNA damage checkpoint protein is homologous to S. cerevisiae Tel2p, an essential DNA binding protein that regulates telomere length in yeast. However, the partial loss-of-function C. elegans rad-5(mn159) and clk-2(qm37) checkpoint mutations have little effect on telomere length, and analysis of the partial loss-of-function of S. cerevisiae tel2-1 mutant failed to reveal typical DNA damage checkpoint defects.Conclusions: Using C. elegans genetics we define the novel DNA damage checkpoint protein RAD-5/CLK-2, which may play a role in oncogenesis. Given that Tel2p has been shown to bind to a variety of nucleic acid structures in vitro, we speculate that the RAD-5/CLK-2 checkpoint protein may act at sites of DNA damage, either as a sensor of DNA damage or to aid in the repair of damaged DNA
Prospective motion correction of 3D echo-planar imaging data for functional MRI using optical tracking

AbstractWe evaluated the performance of an optical camera based prospective motion correction (PMC) system in improving the quality of 3D echo-planar imaging functional MRI data. An optical camera and external marker were used to dynamically track the head movement of subjects during fMRI scanning. PMC was performed by using the motion information to dynamically update the sequence's RF excitation and gradient waveforms such that the field-of-view was realigned to match the subject's head movement. Task-free fMRI experiments on five healthy volunteers followed a 2×2×3 factorial design with the following factors: PMC on or off; 3.0mm or 1.5mm isotropic resolution; and no, slow, or fast head movements. Visual and motor fMRI experiments were additionally performed on one of the volunteers at 1.5mm resolution comparing PMC on vs PMC off for no and slow head movements. Metrics were developed to quantify the amount of motion as it occurred relative to k-space data acquisition. The motion quantification metric collapsed the very rich camera tracking data into one scalar value for each image volume that was strongly predictive of motion-induced artifacts. The PMC system did not introduce extraneous artifacts for the no motion conditions and improved the time series temporal signal-to-noise by 30% to 40% for all combinations of low/high resolution and slow/fast head movement relative to the standard acquisition with no prospective correction. The numbers of activated voxels (p<0.001, uncorrected) in both task-based experiments were comparable for the no motion cases and increased by 78% and 330%, respectively, for PMC on versus PMC off in the slow motion cases. The PMC system is a robust solution to decrease the motion sensitivity of multi-shot 3D EPI sequences and thereby overcome one of the main roadblocks to their widespread use in fMRI studies
Shell evolution and its indication on the isospin dependence of the spin–orbit splitting

AbstractThe available experimental data on shell evolution indicate that the strength of the spin–orbit single-particle potential may be enhanced in neutron-rich nuclei. We observe that such a simple scheme destroys the harmonic oscillator magic numbers N=8 and 20 and generates new magic numbers like N=6, 14, 16, 32 and 34. The traditional magic numbers like N=28 and 50 and N=14 seen in 22O are eroded in neutron-rich nuclei due to the sensitivity of larger-l orbitals to the depth of the central potential but they are more robust than the harmonic oscillator magic numbers. The N=82 shell closure persists in neutron-rich nuclei while the previously proposed shell closures like N=40 and 70 do not emerge. Both mechanisms contribute to enhancing the N=56 and 90 gaps by splitting the 1d5/2 and 0g7/2 and the 0h9/2 and 1f7/2 orbitals