pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation on Tracheal Reintubation Among Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Following Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

International audienceIMPORTANCE: It has not been established whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients who develop hypoxemic acute respiratory failure after abdominal surgery.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether noninvasive ventilation improves outcomes among patients developing hypoxemic acute respiratory failure after abdominal surgery.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Multicenter, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial conducted between May 2013 and September 2014 in 20 French intensive care units among 293 patients who had undergone abdominal surgery and developed hypoxemic respiratory failure (partial oxygen pressure \textless60 mm Hg or oxygen saturation [SpO2] ≤90% when breathing room air or \textless80 mm Hg when breathing 15 L/min of oxygen, plus either [1] a respiratory rate above 30/min or [2] clinical signs suggestive of intense respiratory muscle work and/or labored breathing) if it occurred within 7 days after surgical procedure.INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard oxygen therapy (up to 15 L/min to maintain SpO2 of 94% or higher) (n = 145) or NIV delivered via facial mask (inspiratory pressure support level, 5-15 cm H2O; positive end-expiratory pressure, 5-10 cm H2O; fraction of inspired oxygen titrated to maintain SpO2 ≥94%) (n = 148).MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was tracheal reintubation for any cause within 7 days of randomization. Secondary outcomes were gas exchange, invasive ventilation-free days at day 30, health care-associated infections, and 90-day mortality. RESULTS: Among the 293 patients (mean age, 63.4 [SD, 13.8] years; n=224 men) included in the intention-to-treat analysis, reintubation occurred in 49 of 148 (33.1%) in the NIV group and in 66 of 145 (45.5%) in the standard oxygen therapy group within+ 7 days after randomization (absolute difference, -12.4%; 95% CI, -23.5% to -1.3%; P = .03). Noninvasive ventilation was associated with significantly more invasive ventilation-free days compared with standard oxygen therapy (25.4 vs 23.2 days; absolute difference, -2.2 days; 95% CI, -0.1 to 4.6 days; P = .04), while fewer patients developed health care-associated infections (43/137 [31.4%] vs 63/128 [49.2%]; absolute difference, -17.8%; 95% CI, -30.2% to -5.4%; P = .003). At 90 days, 22 of 148 patients (14.9%) in the NIV group and 31 of 144 (21.5%) in the standard oxygen therapy group had died (absolute difference, -6.5%; 95% CI, -16.0% to 3.0%; P = .15). There were no significant differences in gas exchange.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure following abdominal surgery, use of NIV compared with standard oxygen therapy reduced the risk of tracheal reintubation within 7 days. These findings support use of NIV in this setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT0197189
Combined Analysis of Phase I and Phase II Data to Enhance the Power of Pharmacogenetic Tests

International audienceWe show through a simulation study how the joint analysis of data from phase I and phase II studies enhances the power of pharmacogenetic tests in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. PK profiles were simulated under different designs along with 176 genetic markers. The null scenarios assumed no genetic effect, while under the alternative scenarios, drug clearance was associated to 6 genetic markers randomly sampled in each simulated dataset. We compared penalised regression Lasso and stepwise procedures to detect the associations between empirical Bayes estimates of clearance, estimated by nonlinear mixed effects models, and genetic variants. Combining data from phase I and phase II studies, even sparse, increases the power to identify the associations between genetics and PK due to the larger sample size. Design optimisation brings a further improvement, and we highlight a direct relationship between η-shrinkage and loss of genetic signal
Firm persistence in technological innovation: the relevance of organizational innovation

International audienceOrganizational innovation favors technological innovation, but does it also influence persistence in technological innovation? This article empirically investigates the pattern of technological innovation persistence and tests the potential impact of organizational innovation using firm-level data from three waves of French Community Innovation Surveys. The evidence indicates a positive effect of organizational innovation on persistence in technological innovation, according to various measures of organizational innovation. Moreover, this impact is more significant for complex innovators, i.e. those who innovate in both products and processes. The results highlight the complexity of managing organizational practices with regard to the technological innovation of firms. They also add to understanding of the drivers of innovation persistence through the focus on an often-forgotten dimension of innovation in a broader sense
Trade, demand spillovers, and industrialization: The emerging global middle class in perspective

International audienceIn this paper, we investigate international demand spillovers brought about by a global middle class and their impact on trade patterns and industrialization. We propose a multi-industry and two-country trade model featuring demand complementarities propagating increasing returns across industries and national boundaries. We show how the international extent of demand spillovers depends upon asymmetries in domestic income distribution, labor efficiency, and labor force size; that is, on the global distribution of real income
The core of games on ordered structures and graphs

International audienceIn cooperative games, the core is the most popular solution concept, and its properties are well known. In the classical setting of cooperative games, it is generally assumed that all coalitions can form, i.e., they are all feasible. In many situations, this assumption is too strong and one has to deal with some unfeasible coalitions. Defining a game on a subcollection of the power set of the set of players has many implications on the mathematical structure of the core, depending on the precise structure of the subcollection of feasible coalitions. Many authors have contributed to this topic, and we give a unified view of these different results
Improving study design for antidepressant effectiveness assessment

International audienceAntidepressants effectiveness in major depressive disorder (MDD) is still questioned because the extrapolation of randomized controlled trial (RCT) results to "real life" settings is problematic. The application of the RCT paradigm in a disorder of this type, where global care plays a central role, raises questions regarding the internal and external validity of this type of study. Outcome measurement, attrition rates, the ability of the double-blind design to control for expectations, placebo response, the representativeness of trial participants and publication bias are major methodological pitfalls. This review discusses these issues. It is illustrated using original data and proposes some alternatives for assessing antidepressant effectiveness via different approaches. Some are easy to implement, such as ecological measures, qualitative approaches, improvement of analytical strategy and improvement of blinding procedures. Some are sophisticated, involving temporary deception to deal with the confounding effect of expectations, and they raise ethical issues. Others resort to external validity, this being the case in observational studies. But all are necessary to explore antidepressant effectiveness
Comparison of Different Definitions of Traces for a Class of Ramified Domains with Self-Similar Fractal Boundaries

International audienceWe consider a class of ramified bidimensional domains with a self-similar boundary, which is supplied with the self-similar probability measure. Emphasis is put on the case when the domain is not an epsilon-delta domain as defined by Jones and the fractal is not totally disconnected.We compare two notions of trace on the fractal boundary for functions in some Sobolev space, the classical one ( the strict definition ) and another one proposed in 2007 and heavily relying on self-similarity. We prove that the two traces coincide almost everywhere with respect to the self similar probability measure
Inequality and Social Security Reforms

This paper develops a quantitative Markovian overlapping generations model with altruistic individuals and incomplete financial markets in order to analyze the long-run distributional implications of two hypothetical public social security policy changes, made in response to impending future demographic shifts. The two policy changes considered are first, raising the tax rate while keeping the replacement rate constant and second, keeping the tax rate constant while lowering the replacement rate. Whereas this latter policy is detrimental to the relative situation of the retirees, the huge financial heterogeneity in the first scenario explains why the increase in the proportional labor tax is relatively badly absorbed by low-productivity workers, leading to an increase in welfare inequality. We show that the very popular idea that a more funded system would ineluctably lead to more inequalities in well-being can be justified only by focusing on the inequality of positions in case of general equilibrium
Scale-space Feature Extraction on Digital Surfaces

International audienceA classical problem in many computer graphics applications consists in extracting significant zones or points on an object surface,like loci of tangent discontinuity (edges), maxima or minima of curvatures, inflection points, etc. These places have specific localgeometrical properties and often called generically features. An important problem is related to the scale, or range of scales,for which a feature is relevant. We propose a new robust method to detect features on digital data (surface of objects in Z^3 ),which exploits asymptotic properties of recent digital curvature estimators. In [1, 2], authors have proposed curvature estimators(mean, principal and Gaussian) on 2D and 3D digitized shapes and have demonstrated their multigrid convergence (for C^3 -smoothsurfaces). Since such approaches integrate local information within a ball around points of interest, the radius is a crucial parameter.In this article, we consider the radius as a scale-space parameter. By analyzing the behavior of such curvature estimators as the ballradius tends to zero, we propose a tool to efficiently characterize and extract several relevant features (edges, smooth and flat parts)on digital surfaces
Abundance and body condition of sculpin (Cottus spp.) in a small forest stream following recolonization by juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorynchus kisutch)

Recolonization by native species following reintroduction can affect resident species through a variety of processes. We examined the effects of natural recolonization by coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch on sculpin (Cottus rhotus and Cottus gulosus), small benthic fishes, in a small forest stream in Western Washington, USA. Provision fish passage around a small dam allowed coho access to habitat, which had been inaccessible for over 100 years. We found that density (g m−2 and number m−2) was unchanged, and body condition (the slope of the relationship between length and weight) of sculpin tended to increase from before relative to a 5-year period following recolonization. The proportion of sculpin comprising the total fish assemblage decreased after coho colonization relative to before but remained stable for a 5-year period after coho reintroduction, whereas coho density increased over fivefold. Additionally, we used Akaike's information criteria to evaluate the relative importance of physical and biological variables to predict sculpin density in pool habitats during the initial coho recolonization period. Physical microhabitat variables had little support for predicting sculpin density, whereas there was a significant support for stream temperature; cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) density and year were the most important predictors of sculpin density. Coho density was not significant in any model. Our results indicate coho introduction and subsequent recolonization have to date had minimal individual or population level effects on sculpin, therefore demonstrating that species reintroductions into their native range can have no measurable effect on resident organisms. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
MULTI-SCALE ANTI-CORRELATION BETWEEN ELECTRON DENSITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH IN THE SOLAR WIND

International audienceThis work focuses on the relation between the electron density and the magnetic field strength in the solar wind, and aims to reveal its compressive nature and to determine the level of compressibility. For this purpose, we choose a period of quiet solar wind data obtained at 1 AU by the ClusterC1 satellite. The electron density is derived with a sampling time as high as 0.2 s from the spacecraft-potential measurements made by the Electric Field and Waves instrument. We use the wavelet cross-coherence method to analyze the correlation between the electron density and the magnetic field strength on various scales. We find a dominant anti-correlation between them at different timescales ranging from 1000 s down to 10 s, a result which has never been reported before. This may indicate the existence of pressure-balanced structures (PBSs) with different sizes in the solar wind. The small (mini) PBSs appear to be embedded in the large PBSs, without affecting the pressure balance between the large structures.Thus, a nesting of these possible multi-scale PBSs is found. Moreover, we find for the first time that the relative fluctuation spectra of both the electron number density and the magnetic field strength look almost the same in the range from 0.01 Hz to 2.5 Hz, implying a similar cascading for these two types of fluctuations. Probable formation mechanisms for the multi-scale possible PBSs are discussed. The results of our work are believed to be helpful for understanding the compressive nature of solar wind turbulence as well as the connections between the solar windstreams and their coronal source
Towards an Integrated Model of Teacher Inquiry into Student Learning, Learning Design and Learning Analytics

Poster PapersInternational audienceThis poster introduces the first version of an integrated model of three traditions of re- search in TEL: Teacher Inquiry into Student Learning (TISL) [1], Learning Design (LD) [2] and Learning Analytics (LA) [3]. The integrated model, is based on four existing models: TISL Heart Model [4], Design Inquiry Model [2], Scenario Design Process Model [5], and the Model for Integrating Design and Analytics in Scripting for CSCL (MIDAS4CSCL) [6]. The result is leading towards a new strand of inquiry, called teacher-led design inquiry of learning
Pressure-induced isostructural phase transformation in gamma-B(28)

International audienceIsostructural phase transformations (ISPhTs) so far were reported only for heavy elements and their compounds with complex electronic and/or magnetic structures. Studies of one of the lightest elemental material, high-pressure boron gamma-B(28), by means of in situ single-crystal x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveal abrupt changes in the compressional behavior and Raman spectra at 40 GPa. Combined experimental and ab initio theoretical analysis of the structural and vibrational properties of gamma-B(28) suggests that the ISPhT under compression is due to the changes in the polarity of the covalent bonds between the boron atoms in the complex quasimolecular structure of gamma-B(28)
Revisiting the "radial-drift barrier" of planet formation and its relevance in observed protoplanetary discs

International audienceContext: To form metre-sized pre-planetesimals in protoplanetary discs, growing grains have to decouple from the gas before they are accreted onto the central star during their phase of fast radial migration and thus overcome the so-called "radial-drift barrier" (often inaccurately referred to as the "metre-size barrier"). Aims: To predict the outcome of the radial motion of dust grains in protoplanetary discs whose surface density and temperature follow power-law profiles, with exponent p and q respectively. We investigate both the Epstein and the Stokes drag regimes which govern the motion of the dust. Methods: We analytically integrate the equations of motion obtained from perturbation analysis. We compare these results with those from direct numerical integration of the equations of motion. Then, using data from observed discs, we predict the fate of dust grains in real discs. Results: When a dust grain reaches the inner regions of the disc, the acceleration due to the increase of the pressure gradient is counterbalanced by the increase of the gas drag. We find that most grains in the Epstein (resp. the Stokes) regime survive their radial migration if p+q+1/2 <= 0 (resp. if q <= 2/3). The majority of observed discs satisfies both -p+q+1/2 <= 0$ and q <= 2/3: a large fraction of both their small and large grains remain in the disc, for them the radial drift barrier does not exist
Further Reducing the Redundancy of a Notation over a Minimally Redundant Digit Set

International audienceRedundant notations are used implicitly or explicitly in many digital designs. They have been studied in details and a general framework is known to reduce the redundancy of a notation down to the minimally redundant digit set. We present here an operator to further reduce the redundancy of such a representation. It does not reduce the number of allowed digits since removing one digit to a minimally redundant digit set is a conversion to a non redundant digit set and this is an expensive operation. Our operator introduces some correlation between the digits to reduce the number of possible redundant notations for any represented number. This reduction is visible in small useful operators like the elimination of leading zeros. We also present a key application with a CMOS Booth recoded multiplier. Our multiplier is able to accept both a redundant or a non redundant input with very little modifications and almost no penalty in time or space compared to state-of-the-art non redundant multipliers
Spectroscopic analysis of "MgAlON" spinel powders: influence of nitrogen content

International audienceThe thermoluminescence (TL) and fluorescence spectra of magnesium aluminium oxynitride "MgAlON" and magnesium aluminate MgAl2O4 spinel powders have been analysed. Two broad peaks at about 100 and 300 °C appear in the TL spectra of MgAl2O4 and seem to be related to electron and hole release from [AlMg√] and [MgAl′] traps, respectively. The intensity of each peak strongly depends on the nature of the annealing atmosphere (neutral, oxidizing or reducing). TL spectral analyses have shown the presence of two intense emissions at 520 and 690 nm attributed to the Mn2+ and Cr3+ emitting centers, respectively. A study on MgAl2O4 is used as a reference for MgAlON powders, which can be considered as a solid solution derived from magnesium aluminate. Disturbance in the emission spectrum of Cr3+ is clearly observed with the nitrogen/oxygen substitution
Sequencing of the smallest apicomplexan genome from the human pathogen Babesia Microti

International audienceWe have sequenced the genome of the emerging human pathogen Babesia microti and compared it with that of other protozoa. B. microti has the smallest nuclear genome among all Apicomplexan parasites sequenced to date with three chromosomes encoding ∼3500 polypeptides, several of which are species specific. Genome-wide phylogenetic analyses indicate that B. microti is significantly distant from all species of Babesidae and Theileridae and defines a new clade in the phylum Apicomplexa. Furthermore, unlike all other Apicomplexa, its mitochondrial genome is circular. Genome-scale reconstruction of functional networks revealed that B. microti has the minimal metabolic requirement for intraerythrocytic protozoan parasitism. B. microti multigene families differ from those of other protozoa in both the copy number and organization. Two lateral transfer events with significant metabolic implications occurred during the evolution of this parasite. The genomic sequencing of B. microti identified several targets suitable for the development of diagnostic assays and novel therapies for human babesiosis
A two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase involved in actinorhodin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor.

International audienceThe two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenases belong to an emerging class of enzymes involved in oxidation reactions in a number of metabolic and biosynthetic pathways in microorganisms. One component is a NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase, which provides a reduced flavin to the second component, the proper monooxygenase. There, the reduced flavin activates molecular oxygen for substrate oxidation. Here, we study the flavin reductase ActVB and ActVA-ORF5 gene product, both reported to be involved in the last step of biosynthesis of the natural antibiotic actinorhodin in Streptomyces coelicolor. For the first time we show that ActVA-ORF5 is a FMN-dependent monooxygenase that together with the help of the flavin reductase ActVB catalyzes the oxidation reaction. The mechanism of the transfer of reduced FMN between ActVB and ActVA-ORF5 has been investigated. Dissociation constant values for oxidized and reduced flavin (FMNox and FMNred) with regard to ActVB and ActVA-ORF5 have been determined. The data clearly demonstrate a thermodynamic transfer of FMNred from ActVB to ActVA-ORF5 without involving a particular interaction between the two protein components. In full agreement with these data, we propose a reaction mechanism in which FMNox binds to ActVB, where it is reduced, and the resulting FMNred moves to ActVA-ORF5, where it reacts with O2 to generate a flavinperoxide intermediate. A direct spectroscopic evidence for the formation of such species within ActVA-ORF5 is reported
Improved unfolding by detrending of statistical fluctuations in quantum spectra

Accepted for publication in Physical Review EA fundamental relation exists between the statistical properties of the fluctuations of the energy level spectrum of a Hamiltonian and the chaotic properties of the physical system it describes. This relationship has been addressed previously as a signature of chaos in quantum dynamical systems. In order to properly analyze these fluctuations, however, it is necessary to separate them from the general tendency, namely, its secular part. Unfortunately this process, called unfolding, is not trivial and can lead to erroneous conclusions about the chaoticity of a system. In this paper we propose a technique to improve the unfolding procedure for the purpose of minimizing the dependence on the particular procedure. This technique is based on detrending the fluctuations of the unfolded spectra through the empirical mode decomposition method
Microstructural changes induced by low energy heavy ion irradiation in titanium silicon carbide

International audienceLow energy ion irradiation was used to investigate the microstructural modifications induced in Ti3SiC2 by nuclear collisions. Characterization of the microstructure of the pristine sample by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) shows a strong texturing of TiSi2, which is a common secondary phase present in Ti3SiC2. A methodology based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) was developed to measure the volume swelling induced by ion irradiation, and it was validated on irradiated silicon carbide. The swelling of Ti3SiC2 was estimated to 2.2 ± 0.8% for an irradiation dose of 4.3 dpa at room temperature. Results obtained by both EBSD and AFM analyses showed that nuclear collisions induce an anisotropic swelling in Ti3SiC2