pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field Models and their Application in Optimal Magnetic Divertor Design

International audienceIn recent automated design studies, optimal design methods were introduced to successfully reduce the often excessive heat loads that threaten the divertor target surface. To this end, divertor coils were controlled to improve the magnetic configuration. The divertor performance was then evaluated using a plasma edge transport code and a “vacuum approach” for magnetic field perturbations. Recent integration of a free boundary equilibrium (FBE) solver allows to assess the validity of the vacuum approach. It is found that the absence of plasma response currents significantly limits the accuracy of the vacuum approach. Therefore, the optimal magnetic divertor design procedure is extended to incorporate full FBE solutions. The novel procedure is applied to obtain first results for the new WEST (Tungsten Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) divertor currently under construction in the Tore Supra tokamak at CEA (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique, France). The sensitivities and the related divertor optimization paths are strongly affected by the extension of the magnetic mode
CAFE simulation of columnar-to-equiaxed transition in Al-7wt%Si alloys directionally solidified under microgravity

International audienceA two-dimensional multi-scale cellular automaton - finite element (CAFE) model is used to simulate grain structure evolution and microsegregation formation during solidification of refined Al-7wt%Si alloys under microgravity. The CAFE simulations are first qualitatively compared with the benchmark experimental data under microgravity. Qualitative agreement is obtained for the position of columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) and the CET transition mode (sharp or progressive). Further comparisons of the distributions of grain elongation factor and equivalent diameter are conducted and reveal a fair quantitative agreement
Stereotype Threat Alters the Subjective Experience of Memory

International audienceThere is now evidence that negative age-related stereotypes about memory reduce older adults’ memory performance, and inflate age differences in this domain. Here, we examine whether stereotype threat may also influence the basic feeling that one is more or less able to remember. Using the Remember/Know paradigm, we demonstrated that stereotype threat conducted older adults to a greater feeling of familiarity with events, while failing to retrieve any contextual detail. This finding indicates that stereotype threat alters older adults’ subjective experience of memory, and strengthens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying stereotype threat effects.Effet de menace du stéréotype chez les personnes âgées testées pour la mémoire. Etude impliquant procédure "Remember/Know
The new Gamma Ray Telescope Observatory: CTA

International audienceThe Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will provide a new ground based gamma ray observatory with sensivity ten times better than existing gamma ray experiments. CTA will also have a much wider energy range and improved angular resolution.The presentation will describe the telescope array which is reaching the final stages of design and prototyping. An vital first decision for CTA will be the choice of the sites and the status of this will be given together with the general schedule expected.The science program will be presented with some focus on the plans for indirect searches for dark matter
A survey of Fault Attacks in Pairing Based Cryptography

Article published in the journal Cryptography and Communications http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12095-014-0114-5The latest implementations of pairings allow efficient schemes for Pairing Based Cryptography. These make the use of pairings suitable for small and constrained devices (smart phones, smart cards.. .) in addition to more powerful platforms. As for any cryptographic algorithm which may be deployed in insecure locations, these implementations must be secure against physical attacks, and in particular fault attacks. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art of fault attacks against pairing algorithms, more precisely fault attacks against the Miller algorithm and the final exponentiation which are the two parts of a pairing calculation.
Directing peptide crystallization through curvature control of nanotubes ‡

International audienceIn the absence of efficient crystallization methods, the molecular structures of fibrous assemblies have so far remained rather elusive. In this paper, we present a rational method to crystallize the lanreotide octapeptide by modification of a residue involved in a close contact. Indeed, we show that it is possible to modify the curvature of the lanreotide nanotubes and hence their diameter. This fine tuning leads to crystallization because the radius of curvature of the initially bidimensional peptide wall can be increased up to a point where the wall is essentially flat and a crystal is allowed to grow along a third dimension. By comparing X-ray diffraction data and Fourier transform Raman spectra, we show that the nanotubes and the crystals share similar cell parameters and molecular conformations, proving that there is indeed a structural continuum between these two morphologies. These results illustrate a novel approach to crystallization and represent the first step towards the acquisition of an Å-resolution structure of the lanreotide nanotubes β-sheet assembly
A finite elements method to solve the Bloch–Torrey equation applied to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

International audienceThe complex transverse water proton magnetization subject to diffusion-encoding magneticfield gradient pulses in a heterogeneous medium can be modeled by themultiple compartment Bloch-Torrey partial differential equation (PDE).In addition, steady-state Laplace PDEs can be formulated to produce the homogenized diffusion tensor that describes the diffusion characteristicsof the medium in the long time limit.In spatial domains that model biological tissues at the cellular level, these two types of PDEs have to be completed with permeability conditions on the cellular interfaces.To solve these PDEs, we implemented a finite elements method thatallows jumps in the solution at the cell interfaces by using doublenodes.  Using a transformation of the Bloch-Torrey PDE we reduced oscillations in the searched-for solution and simplified the implementationof the boundary conditions.  The spatial discretizationwas then coupled to the adaptive explict Runge-Kutta-Chebychev time-stepping method.  Our proposed method is second order accurate in space and second order accurate in time.We implemented this method on the FEniCSC++ platform and show time and spatial convergence results.Finally, this method is applied to study some relevant questions in diffusionMRI
Pulsar searches of Fermi unassociated sources with the Effelsberg telescope

International audienceUsing the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope operating at 1.36 GHz, we have performed a targeted radio pulsar survey of 289 unassociated gamma-ray sources discovered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi satellite and published in the 1FGL catalogue (Abdo et al., 2010). This survey resulted in the discovery of millisecond pulsar J1745+1017, which resides in a short-period binary system with a low-mass companion, Mmin ~ 0.0137 Msun, indicative of `Black Widow' type systems. A two-year timing campaign has produced a refined radio ephemeris, accurate enough to allow for phase-folding of the LAT photons, resulting in the detection of a dual-peaked gamma-ray light-curve, proving that PSR J1745+1017 is the source responsible for the gamma-ray emission seen in 1FGL J1745.5 + 1018 (2FGL J1745.6+1015; Nolan et al., 2012). We find the gamma-ray spectrum of PSR J1745+1017 to be well modelled by an exponentially-cut-off power law with cut-off energy 3.2 GeV and photon index 1.6. The observed sources are known to contain a further 10 newly discovered pulsars which were undetected in this survey. Our radio observations of these sources are discussed and in all cases limiting flux densities are calculated. The reasons behind the seemingly low yield of discoveries are also discussed
Vector potential quantization and the photon wave-particle representation

5th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSquare 2016)International audienceThe quantization procedure of the vector potential is enhanced at a single photon state revealing the possibility for a simultaneous representation of the wave-particle nature of the photon. Its relationship to the quantum vacuum results naturally. A vector potential amplitude operator is defined showing the parallelism with the Hamiltonian of a massless particle. It is further shown that the quantized vector potential satisfies both the wave propagation equation and a linear time-dependent Schrödinger-like equation
Experimental constraints on the uncoupled Galileon model from          SNLS3 data and other cosmological probes

International audienceAims. The Galileon model is a modified gravity theory that may provide          an explanation for the accelerated expansion of the Universe. This model does not suffer          from instabilities or ghost problems (normally associated with higher-order derivative          theories), restores local General Relativity – thanks to the Vainshtein screening effect –          and predicts late-time acceleration of the expansion.Methods. We derive a new definition of the Galileon parameters that          allows us to avoid having to choose initial conditions for the Galileon field. We tested          this model against precise measurements of the cosmological distances and the rate of          growth of cosmic structures.Results. We observe a weak tension between the constraints set by growth          data and those from distances. However, we find that the Galileon model remains consistent          with current observations and is still competitive with the ΛCDM model, contrary to what          was concluded in recent publications
Geochemistry of three contrasting British peatlands: Complex patterns of cation availability and implications for microbial metabolism

ISTO = present addressInternational audienceCation availability in peat may limit CH4 production and microbial activity and thereby impact on rates of organic matter accumulation and the chemical character of the peat. We quantify total, soluble, and exchangeable cation concentrations, Exchange Site Saturation Levels (ESSLs) and organic fractions in bog-peat profiles and compare these with fen peat. Total and soluble cation concentrations are not correlated and these and exchangeable cation concentrations are lower in bog than fen peat. In all sites these vary with depth and the distribution patterns of individual cations are unique. This is explained by variation in ESSL, which is negatively correlated with Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Total cation concentrations in bog peat are higher in the top and bottom fractions than in the middle. Soluble concentrations in surface bog peat are low, because cations are trapped due to low ESSL. This does not occur in fen peat, with lower CEC and higher ESSL. CEC is related to total organic matter content, not just to Sphagnum, which has been invoked as the explanatory variable of high CEC in peat bogs. There is a complexity in the mechanisms controlling cation availability in peat and we suggest that total, soluble and exchangeable cation fractions need to be taken into account in studies of cation limitation of microbial activity in organic soils. CEC may also chelate exo-enzymes, further inhibiting decay processes
Regional vegetation and climate changes during the last 13 kyr from a marine pollen record in Seno Reloncaví, southern Chile

International audienceA marine pollen record from Seno Reloncaví (southern Chile, 41°S) illustrates temperate rainforest changes during the last 13 cal kyr BP. Our study shows the end of the last Termination at ~ 11.5-12 cal kyr BP coincident with the expansion of Weinmannia, illustrating disturbance and warming conditions, at the expense of cold-resistant conifers (Fitzroya-Pilgerodendron and Podocarpus). Warming conditions are strengthened at 10.7 cal kyr BP by the increase of heliophytic taxa (Eucryphia-Caldcluvia) characteristic of the Valdivian rainforest. These heliophytic taxa reach their maximum expansion between 9.6 and 7.4 cal kyr BP and point to warm and dry conditions during the Holocene Climatic Optimum. After 7.4 cal kyr BP, vegetation changes indicate variable climate conditions superimposed on a cooling trend associated with an increase in precipitation after ~ 6-5 cal kyr BP, shown by the expansion of the cold-resistant conifers. During the late Holocene, after 2.8 cal kyr BP, the continuous expansion of cold-resistant conifers marks an increase of cool and wet conditions. The comparison between marine and terrestrial pollen records highlights the similar trends and timing of vegetation changes that allows to complete the regional pattern of vegetation changes around Seno Reloncaví. In comparison with the terrestrial pollen records, this marine pollen record provides a more regional signal of vegetation/climate changes and clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of marine pollen records to past vegetation and climate change
First high-resolution analysis of the 4nu1+nu3 band of nitrogen dioxide near 1.5 μm

International audienceThe high-resolution absorption spectrum of the 43 band of the 14N16O2 molecule was recorded by CW-Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy between 6575 and 6700 cm-1. The assignments involve energy levels of the (4,0,1) vibrational state with rotational quantum numbers up to Ka = 8 and N = 48. A large majority of the spin-rotation energy levels were reproduced within their experimental uncertainty using a theoretical model which takes explicitly into account the Coriolis interactions between the spin rotational levels of the (4,0,1) vibrational state and those of the (4,2,0) and of (0,9,0) dark states, the anharmonic interactions between the (4,2,0) and (0,9,0) states together with the electron spin-rotation resonances within the (4,0,1), (4,2,0) and (0,9,0) states. Precise vibrational energies, rotational, spin-rotational, and coupling constants were determined for the {(4,2,0), (0,9,0), (4,0,1)} triad of interacting states. Using these parameters and the value of the transition dipole moment operator determined from a fit of a selection of experimental line intensities, the synthetic spectrum of the 43 band was generated and is provided as Supplementary Material
Shallow water equations for large bathymetry variations

7 pages. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.lama.univ-savoie.fr/~dutykh/International audienceIn this study, we propose an improved version of the nonlinear shallow water (or Saint-Venant) equations. This new model is designed to take into account the effects resulting from the large spacial and/or temporal variations of the seabed. The model is derived from a variational principle by choosing the appropriate shallow water ansatz and imposing suitable constraints. Thus, the derivation procedure does not explicitly involve any small parameter
Computer Vision Based Method for Real-time Fire and Flame Detection

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This paper proposes a novel method to detect fire and/or flames in real-time by processing the video data generated by an ordinary
camera monitoring a scene. In addition to ordinary motion and color clues, flame and fire flicker is detected by analyzing the video in
the wavelet domain. Quasi-periodic behavior in flame boundaries is detected by performing temporal wavelet transform. Color variations
in flame regions are detected by computing the spatial wavelet transform of moving fire-colored regions. Another clue used in the fire
detection algorithm is the irregularity of the boundary of the fire-colored region. All of the above clues are combined to reach a final
decision. Experimental results show that the proposed method is very successful in detecting fire and/or flames. In addition, it drastically
reduces the false alarms issued to ordinary fire-colored moving objects as compared to the methods using only motion and color
clues.
  2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Harvesting models from web 2.0 databases

International audienceData rather than functionality are the sources of competitive advantage for Web2.0 applications such as wikis, blogs and social networking websites. This valuable information might need to be capitalized by third-party applications or be subject to migration or data analysis. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) can be used for these purposes. However, MDE ﬁrst requires obtaining models from the wiki/blog/website database (a.k.a. model harvesting). This can be achieved through SQL scripts embedded in a program. However, this approach leads to laborious code that exposes the iterations and table joins that serve to build the model. By contrast, a Domain-Speciﬁc Language (DSL) can hide these "how" concerns, leaving the designer to focus on the "what", i.e. the mapping of database schemas to model classes. This paper introduces Schemol, a DSL tailored for extracting models out of databases which considers Web2.0 specifics. Web2.0 applications are often built on top of general frameworks (a.k.a. engines) that set the database schema (e.g.,MediaWiki, Blojsom). Hence, table names offer little help in automating the extraction process. In addition, Web2.0 data tend to be annotated. User-provided data (e.g., wiki articles, blog entries) might contain semantic markups which provide helpful hints for model extraction. Unfortunately, these data end up being stored as opaque strings. Therefore, there exists a considerable conceptual gap between the source database and the target metamodel. Schemol offers extractive functions and view-like mechanisms to confront these issues. Examples using Blojsom as the blog engine are available for download
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and  bioaccessibility studies in phenolic extracts of two Hericium wild edible species

Mushrooms are rich sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids. When ingested, these molecules have to be released from the matrix to be transformed/absorbed by the organism, so that they can exert their bioactivity. Several
in vitro methodologies have been developed in order to evaluate the bioavailability of
bioactive compounds. Herein, two Hericium species were analyzed for their chemical
composition and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, an in vitro digestion of the
mushrooms and mushroom phenolic extracts was performed, and the digested samples
were also submitted to antioxidant activity evaluation in order to evaluate the
bioaccessibility of the phenolic acids identified in the samples. Hericium species
showed similar chemical profiles (except for tocopherols), varying only in the
concentration of the compounds. The phenolic extracts revealed higher antioxidant
activity than the in vitro digested samples, meaning that this process decrease the
antioxidant properties of the extract/mushroom. Nevertheless, phenolic acids were
found in the digested samples, meaning that those molecules are bioaccessible.The authors are grateful to Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) for 
financial support to CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011), S.A. Heleno 
grant (BD/70304/2010) and L. Barros contract under “Programa Compromisso com a 
Ciência-2008”
Preparation and optical properties of CeF3-containing oxide fluoride glasses

Cerium-containing oxide fluoride glasses CeF_3-BaF_2-AlF_3-SiO_2 were prepared under CO
and Ar atmospheres. The glass prepared in CO exhibited blue emission under UV irradiation. Peak
analyzes were performed to investigate their optical properties. The emission spectra were
separable into three peak components by peak analysis. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS)
spectra were measured to investigate the valency of the elements in the glass. Oxygen and fluorine
in the glasses were more covalent and ionic than those in simple oxide and fluoride compounds.
The cerium ion in the glass prepared in CO might be under a cationic condition whereas that in Ar
might be under an anionic condition
Charge asymmetries of top quarks: a window to new physics at hadron colliders

With the next start of LHC, a huge production of top quarks is expected. There are several models that predict the existence of heavy colored resonances decaying to top quarks in the TeV energy range. A peak in the differential cross section could reveal the existence of such a resonance, but this is experimentally challenging, because it requires selecting data samples where top and antitop quarks are highly boosted. Nonetheless, the production of such resonances might generate a sizable charge asymmetry of top versus antitop quarks. We consider a toy model with general flavour independent couplings of the resonance to quarks, of both vector and axial-vector kind. The charge asymmetry turns out to be a more powerful observable to detect new physics than the differential cross section, because its highest statistical significance is achieved with data samples of top-antitop quark pairs of low invariant masses
Frequency of Stent Thrombosis Risk at 5 Years in Women Versus Men With Zotarolimus-Eluting Compared With Sirolimus-Eluting Stent

The prevalence of factors that are associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis (ST), including smoking, diabetes mellitus, and small stent size, is different in women and men who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, gender may potentially modify the relation between stent type and the incidence of ST during long-term follow-up. We explored the data of Patient Related Outcomes With Endeavor Versus Cypher stenting Trial (PROTECT) to evaluate this hypothesis. PROTECT randomized 2,061 women and 6,648 men who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for various indications to Endeavor zotarolimus-eluting stenting (E-ZES) or Cypher sirolimus-eluting stenting (C-SES). Dual antiplatelet therapy was prescribed for at least 3 months. Data on study end points were collected until 5 years after randomization, including ST, death, and cardiovascular events. We analyzed end points and treatment effect (E-ZES vs C-SES) in relation to gender. Women were on average 4.7 years older (65.8 vs 61.1), had a higher prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, were less often smokers, and had a shorter total stent length than men. At discharge and throughout follow-up, a slightly lower fraction of women were using dual antiplatelet therapy. During 5-year follow-up, definite or probable ST was observed in 36 women (1.8%) and 152 men (2.4%; log-rank p = 0.15). E-ZES reduced the incidence of ST compared with C-SES in women (hazard ratio 0.58) and men (hazard ratio 0.61), with no evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.89). In conclusion, in PROTECT, women and men had similar cumulative incidence of ST at 5 years after stent placement. The favorable effect of the study stent E-ZES over C-SES was not modified by gender