pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Agricultural land-use change and ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) colonization in Pyrenean landscapes: an interdisciplinary case study

International audienceChanges in agricultural land use are responsible for significant modifications in mountain landscapes. This study is part of an interdisciplinary research on the processes and consequences of spontaneous afforestation of Pyrenean landscapes by ash, and the possibilities for its management. We address the relationships between vegetation dynamics and land-use change from the combination of an agricultural study of change in farm management and an ecological study of grassland colonization by ash. In the framework of a village case study, we characterized parcels management and land-use histories, and analyzed the dynamics of the composition of grassland vegetation communities. From a joint analysis of the results obtained in each discipline, we discuss the limitations and comple-mentarities of the two approaches for the interdisciplinary assessment of the afforestation process
Variable binding, symmetric monoidal closed theories, and bigraphs

An introduction to two more technical previous preprints.International audienceThis paper investigates the use of symmetric monoidal closed (SMC) structure for representing syntax with variable binding, in particular for languages with linear aspects. In our setting, one first specifies an SMC theory T, which may express binding operations, in a way reminiscent from higher-order abstract syntax. This theory generates an SMC category S(T) whose morphisms are, in a sense, terms in the desired syntax. We apply our approach to Jensen and Milner's (abstract binding) bigraphs, which are linear w.r.t. processes. This leads to an alternative category of bigraphs, which we compare to the original
The Empire in French History Teaching. From a Promise to a Burden

International audienceThe French colonial empire was essentially formed in the nineteenth century, for the most part in Africa, Asia and the West Indies. Composed of territories and populations with diverse statuses, subjected to colonial political and economic development projects, the empire was, until the 1960s, an important topic in education. The space formerly devoted to the empire in curricula and textbooks testifies to its importance, as does the effort displayed in them to keep abreast of colonial affairs, hewing fairly closely to the current situation at the time. Until the beginning of the wars of independence, the history of the empire (involving conquest, exploitation, relations between the empire and metropolitan France) was the focus of a narrative that served the aims of a national cohesion that was battered and bruised by political and social divides, the various revolutions of the nineteenth century being just one expression of these divisions. A different 'us' was being created, combining ideas of national and imperial grandeur. Education seemed to be a way to forge a common awareness of 'us', and this concept, however heterogeneous and non-egalitarian, displaced the other – the potential enemy to be dominated – outside of mainland France. Which Kind of School Narrative for the Colonial Empire? The colonial empire has played various roles for France, with economic and political ones being the most often emphasised. However, beginning in the last decades of the nineteenth century, the empire also served as an antidote to the fear of decadence and division haunting the French, who dreaded a return to the ancien régime's 'unconstituted aggregate of disunited peoples' (Mirabeau), or to post-revolutionary divisions. The colonial project had federated otherwise antagonistic forces. According to the view long held by the majority, the empire was advantageous to both concerned parties. On the one hand, it benefited metropolitan France; on the other, progress in the fields of economy and education brought technical rationality, that is, the enlightenment that would likely liberate colonised peoples from the 'obscurity' of 'archaic beliefs' and from poverty. The invention of the empire entailed a reorganisation of arguments and imaginaries around a new geographic and symbolic space of reference. Education accompanied this project, feeding on the process and feeding it in return by enrolling a number of generations in it. This can be seen as an updated reinterpretation of schools' mission on the French mainland: the peasant children of Indochina, Africa and the Maghreb replaced those of Brittany, Savoy and Auvergne, as well as the proletariat of industrialised cities. To educate them, t
Dealing with abstraction: case study generalisation as a method for eliciting design patterns

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.01.007Developing a pattern language is a non-trivial problem. A critical requirement is a method to support pattern writers with abstraction, so as they can produce generalised patterns. In this paper, we address this issue by developing a structured process of generalisation. It is important that this process is initiated through engaging participants in identifying initial patterns, i.e. directly dealing with the 'cold-start' problem. We have found that short case study descriptions provide a productive 'way into' the process for participants. We reflect on a 1-year interdisciplinary pan-European research project involving the development of almost 30 cases and over 150 patterns. We provide example cases, detailing the process by which their associated patterns emerged. This was based on a foundation for generalisation from cases with common attributes. We discuss the merits of this approach and its implications for pattern development
Power Consumption Models for the Use of Dynamic and Partial Reconfiguration

International audienceMinimizing the energy consumption and silicon area are usually two major challenges in the design of battery-powered embedded computing systems. Dynamic and Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) opens up promising prospects with the ability to reduce jointly performance and area of compute-intensive functions. However, partial reconfiguration management involves complex interactions making energy benefits very difficult to analyze. In particular, it is essential to realistically quantify the energy loss since the reconfiguration process itself introduces overheads. This paper addresses this topic and presents a detailed investigation of the power and energy costs associated to the different operations involved with the DPR capability. From actual measurements considering a Xilinx ICAP reconfiguration controller, results highlight other components involved in DPR power consumption, and lead to the proposition of three power models of different complexity and accuracy tradeoffs. Additionally, we illustrate the exploitation of these models to improve the analysis of DPR energy benefits in a realistic application example
A comparison between two-scale asymptotic expansions and Bloch wave expansions for the homogenization of periodic structures

in pressInternational audienceIn this paper we make a comparison between the two-scale asymptotic expansion method for periodic homogenization and the so-called Bloch wave method. It is well-known that the homogenized tensor coincides with the Hessian matrix of the first Bloch eigenvalue when the Bloch parameter vanishes. In the context of the two-scale asymptotic expansion method, there is the notion of high order homogenized equation [5] where the homogenized equation can be improved by adding small additional higher order differential terms. The next non-zero high order term is a fourth-order term, accounting for dispersion effects (see e.g. [23], [18], [15]). Surprisingly, this homogenized fourth-order tensor is not equal to the fourth-order tensor arising in the Taylor expansion of the first Bloch eigenvalue, which is often called Burnett tensor. Here, we establish an exact relation between the homogenized fourth-order tensor and the Burnett fourth-order tensor. It was proved in [11] that the Burnett fourth-order tensor has a sign. For the special case of a simple laminate we prove that the homogenized fourth-order tensor may change sign. In the elliptic case we explain the difference between the homogenized and Burnett fourth-order tensors by a difference in the source term which features an additional corrector term. Finally, for the wave equation, the two fourth-order tensors coincide again, so dispersion is unambiguously defined, and only the source terms differ as in the elliptic case
Cyclodextrin-based systems for the stabilization of metallic(0) nanoparticles and their versatile applications in catalysis

International audienceIn order to better respond to environmental standards, the development of metal nanoparticles using green approaches has exponentially grown for the last decade. Cyclodextrins, which are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of 6(α), 7(β) or 8(γ) glucopyranose units, have appeared to be interesting candidates for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Indeed, through the ability to form inclusion complexes or supramolecular adducts with organic molecules or metal precursors, cyclodextrins can be successfully employed to stabilize size-controlled zerovalent metallic nanoparticles active for hydrogenation reactions carried out in aqueous or gas-phase media. In this summary of our works, we report that cyclodextrins could be used in various forms and environments: (i) in free form, (ii) in complexed form with appropriate guests molecules, (iii) in combination with polymer matrices, (iv) in thermosensitive hydrogels and (v) immobilized onto porous carbons supports. All these studies highlight the fact that cyclodextrins can be seen as multi-task agents for nanocatalysis
Protective action of n-3 fatty acids on benzo[a]pyrene-induced apoptosis through the plasma membrane remodeling-dependent NHE1 pathway

International audiencePlasma membrane is an early target of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). We previously showed that the PAH prototype, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), triggers apoptosis via DNA damage-induced p53 activation (genotoxic pathway) and via remodeling of the membrane cholesterol-rich microdomains called lipid rafts, leading to changes in pH homeostasis (non-genotoxic pathway). As omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can affect membrane composition and function or hamper in vivo PAH genotoxicity, we hypothesized that addition of physiologically relevant levels of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (PUFAs) might interfere with B[a]P-induced toxicity. The effects of two major PUFAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were tested on B[a]P cytotoxicity in the liver epithelial cell line F258. Both PUFAs reduced B[a]P-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, pre-treatment with DHA increased the formation of reactive B[a]P metabolites, resulting in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts. EPA had no apparent effect on B[a]P metabolism or related DNA damage. EPA and DHA prevented B[a]P-induced apoptotic alkalinization by affecting Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 1 activity. Thus, the inhibitory effects of omega-3 fatty acids on B[a]P-induced apoptosis involve a non-genotoxic pathway associated with plasma membrane remodeling. Our results suggest that dietary omega-3 fatty acids may have marked effects on the biological consequences of PAH exposure
Highly efficient gene transfer into hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells: new means for drug metabolism and toxicity studies

International audienceHepaRG progenitor cells are capable to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells expressing a large set of liver specific functions. These cells, however, express little amounts of an important cytochrome P450, the CYP2E1, which limits their use for toxicological studies of drugs metabolized by this pathway. We aimed at establishing efficient protocols of transfection in order to increase CYP2E1 expression in HepaRG cells. Transfection protocols of the GFP reporter gene were evaluated using electroporation and cationic lipids belonging to the lipophosphonates, lipophosphoramidates and lipids derived from glycine betaine. Following optimization of the charge ratios, plasmid DNA amounts and formulations with neutral co-lipids, the lipophosphoramidate compounds KLN47 and BSV10 allowed expression of the GFP in ~50% of adherent progenitor HepaRG cells while electroporation targeted GFP expression in ~85% of both progenitor and differentiated cells in suspension. Then, transient enforced expression of active CYP2E1 was achieved in progenitors and/or differentiated HepaRG cells using the electroporation and the lipophosphoramidate compound BSV10. Importantly, in electroporated cells, CYP2E1 expression level was correlated with a significant increase in CYP2E1-specific enzymatic activity, which opens new perspectives for this CYP-dependent drug metabolism and toxicity studies using HepaRG cells
Monetary compensations in climate policy through the lens of a general equilibrium assessment The case of oil-exporting countries

International audienceThis paper investigates the compensations that major oil producers have claimed for since the Kyoto Protocol in order to alleviate the adverse impacts of climate policy on their economies. The amount of these adverse impacts is assessed through a general equilibrium model which endogenizes both the reduction of oil exportation revenues under international climate policy and the macroeconomic effect of carbon pricing on Middle-East's economy. We show that compensating the drop of exportation revenues does not offset GDP and welfare losses because of the time profile of the general equilibrium effects. When considering instead compensation based on GDP losses, the effectiveness of monetary transfers proves to be drastically limited by general equilibrium effects in opened economies. The main channels of this efficiency gap are investigated and its magnitude proves to be conditional upon strategic and policy choices of the Middle-East. This leads us to suggest that other means than direct monetary compensating transfers should be discussed to engage the Middle-East in climate policies
Structure of the rare archaeal biosphere and seasonal dynamics of active ecotypes in surface coastal waters

International audienceMarine Archaea are important players among microbial plankton and significantly contribute to biogeochemical cycles, but details regarding their community structure and long-term seasonal activity and dynamics remain largely unexplored. In this study, we monitored the interannual archaeal community composition of abundant and rare biospheres in northwestern Mediterranean Sea surface waters by pyrosequencing 16S rDNA and rRNA. A detailed analysis of the rare biosphere structure showed that the rare archaeal community was composed of three distinct fractions. One contained the rare Archaea that became abundant at different times within the same ecosystem; these cells were typically not dormant, and we hypothesize that they represent a local seed bank that is specific and essential for ecosystem functioning through cycling seasonal environmental conditions. The second fraction contained cells that were uncommon in public databases and not active, consisting of aliens to the studied ecosystem and representing a nonlocal seed bank of potential colonizers. The third fraction contained Archaea that were always rare but actively growing; their affiliation and seasonal dynamics were similar to the abundant microbes and could not be considered a seed bank. We also showed that the major archaeal groups, Thaumarchaeota marine group I and Euryarchaeota group II.B in winter and Euryarchaeota group II.A in summer, contained different ecotypes with varying activities. Our findings suggest that archaeal diversity could be associated with distinct metabolisms or life strategies, and that the rare archaeal biosphere is composed of a complex assortment of organisms with distinct histories that affect their potential for growth
Anatomy of New Physics in B-Bbar mixing

77 pagesInternational audienceWe analyse three different New Physics scenarios for Delta F=2 flavour-changing neutral currents in the quark sector in the light of recent data on neutral-meson mixing. We parametrise generic New Physics contributions to Bq - Bq-bar mixing (q=d,s), in terms of one complex quantity Delta_q, while three parameters Delta_K^{tt}, Delta_K^{ct} and Delta_K^{cc} are needed to describe K - Kbar mixing. In Scenario I, we consider uncorrelated New Physics contributions in the Bd, Bs, and K sectors. In this scenario, it is only possible to constrain the parameters Delta_d and Delta_s whereas there are no non-trivial constraints on the kaon parameters. In Scenario II, we study the case of Minimal Flavour Violation (MFV) and small bottom Yukawa coupling, where Delta=Delta_d=Delta_s=Delta_K^{tt}. We show that Delta must then be real, so that no new CP phases can be accomodated, and express the remaining parameters Delta_K^{cc} and Delta_K^{ct} in terms of Delta in this scenario. Scenario III is the generic MFV case with large bottom Yukawa couplings. In this case, the Kaon sector is uncorrelated to the B_d and B_s sectors. As in the second scenario one has Delta_d=Delta_s=Delta, however, now with a complex parameter Delta. Our quantitative analyses consist of global CKM fits within the Rfit frequentist statistical approach, determining the Standard Model parameters and the new physics parameters of the studied scenarios simultaneously. We find that the recent measurements indicating discrepancies with the Standard Model are well accomodated in Scenarios I and III with new mixing phases, with a slight preference for Scenario Ithat permits different new CP phases in the Bd and Bs systems. Within our statistical framework, we find that the Standard-Model hypothesis Delta_d=Delta_s=1 is disfavoured with p-values of 3.4 sigma and 3.1 sigma in Scenarios I and III respectively
Recursive Estimation for Stochastic Damping Hamiltonian Systems

International audienceIn this paper, we complete our previous works (Cattiaux, Leon and Prieur, 2014-a, b and c) on the (non-parametric) estimation of the characteristics (invariant density, drift term,variance term) of some ergodic hamiltonian systems, under partial observations. More precisely, we introduce recursive estimators using the full strength of the ergodic behavior. We compare the theoretical results obtained with these estimators to the results we proved for the ones we have introduced previously
Can Heterogeneous Preferences Stabilize Endogenous Fluctuations?

International audienceWhile most of the literature concerned with indeterminacy and endogenous cycles is based on the restrictive assumption of a representative consumer,<br />some recent contributions have investigated the role of heterogeneous agents in dynamics. This paper adds to this latter strand of the literature by highlighting the effects of heterogeneity in consumers' preferences within an overlapping generations economy with capital accumulation, endogenous labor supply and consumption in both periods. Using a mean-preserving approach to heterogeneity, we show that increasing the dispersion of propensity to save decreases macroeconomic volatility, by narrowing down the range of parameter values compatible with indeterminacy and ruling out expectations-driven fluctuations under a sufficiently large heterogeneity
Deep radiostratigraphy of the East Antarctic plateau: connecting the Dome C and Vostok ice core sites

International audienceSeveral airborne radar-sounding surveys are used to trace internal reflections around the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C and Vostok ice core sites. Thirteen reflections, spanning the last two glacial cycles, are traced within 200 km of Dome C, a promising region for million-year-old ice, using the University of Texas Institute for Geophysics High-Capacity Radar Sounder. This provides a dated stratigraphy to 2318 m depth at Dome C. Reflection age uncertainties are calculated from the radar range precision and signal-to-noise ratio of the internal reflections. The radar stratigraphy matches well with the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) radar stratigraphy obtained independently. We show that radar sounding enables the extension of ice core ages through the ice sheet with an additional radar-related age uncertainty of ∼1/3–1/2 that of the ice cores. Reflections are extended along the Byrd-Totten Glacier divide, using University of Texas/Technical University of Denmark and MCoRDS surveys. However, core-to-core connection is impeded by pervasive aeolian terranes, and Lake Vostok's influence on reflection geometry. Poor radar connection of the two ice cores is attributed to these effects and suboptimal survey design in affected areas. We demonstrate that, while ice sheet internal radar reflections are generally isochronal and can be mapped over large distances, careful survey planning is necessary to extend ice core chronologies to distant regions of the East Antarctic ice sheet
Extreme geometric quantiles in a multivariate regular variation framework

International audienceConsidering extreme quantiles is a popular way to understand the tail of a distribution. While they have been extensively studied for univariate distributions, much less has been done for multivariate ones, primarily because there is no universally accepted definition of what a multivariate quantile or a multivariate distribution tail should be. In this paper, we focus on extreme geometric quantiles. In Girard and Stupfler (2014) "Intriguing properties of extreme geometric quantiles", their asymptotics are established, both in direction and magnitude, under suitable integrability conditions, when the norm of the associated index vector tends to one. In this paper, we study extreme geometric quantiles when the integrability conditions are not fulfilled, in a framework of regular variation
Bubble rise dynamics in a viscoplastic material

The axisymmetric dynamics of a bubble rising in a Bingham fluid under the action of buoyancy is studied. The Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method is used to solve the equations of mass and momentum conservation, coupled to an equation for the volume fraction of the Bingham fluid. A regularised constitutive model is used for the description of the viscoplastic behavior of the material. The numerical results demonstrate that the rise dynamics are complex for large yield stresses, and for weak surface tension. Under these conditions, for which the bubble is highly deformable, the rise is unsteady and is punctuated by periods of rapid acceleration which separate stages of quasi-steady motion. During the acceleration periods, the bubble aspect ratio exhibits oscillations about unity, whose amplitude and wavelength increase with increasing yield stress and decreasing surface tension. These oscillations are accompanied by the alternating formation and destruction of unyielded zones at the bubble equator, as the bubble appears to "swim" upwards
Bundling and Mergers in Energy Markets

International audienceDoes bundling trigger mergers in energy industries? We observe mergers between rms belonging to various energy markets, for instance between gas and electricity providers. These mergers enable rms to bundle. We consider two horizontally di¤erentiated markets. In this framework, we show that bundling strategies in energy markets create incentives to form multi-market rms in order to supply bi- energy packages. Moreover, we nd that this type of merger is detrimental to social welfare