pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Strategy Abundance in 2×2 Games for Arbitrary Mutation Rates

We study evolutionary game dynamics in a well-mixed populations of finite size, N. A well-mixed population means that any two individuals are equally likely to interact. In particular we consider the average abundances of two strategies, A and B, under mutation and selection. The game dynamical interaction between the two strategies is given by the 2×2 payoff matrix [View the MathML source]. It has previously been shown that A is more abundant than B, if a(N-2)+bN>cN+d(N-2). This result has been derived for particular stochastic processes that operate either in the limit of asymptotically small mutation rates or in the limit of weak selection. Here we show that this result holds in fact for a wide class of stochastic birth–death processes for arbitrary mutation rate and for any intensity of selection.MathematicsOrganismic and Evolutionary Biolog
Seismic sensitivity to sub-surface solar activity from 18 years of
  GOLF/SoHO observations

Solar activity has significantly changed over the last two Schwabe cycles.
After a long and deep minimum at the end of Cycle 23, the weaker activity of
Cycle 24 contrasts with the previous cycles. In this work, the response of the
solar acoustic oscillations to solar activity is used in order to provide
insights on the structural and magnetic changes in the sub-surface layers of
the Sun during this on-going unusual period of low activity. We analyze 18
years of continuous observations of the solar acoustic oscillations collected
by the Sun-as-a-star GOLF instrument onboard the SoHO spacecraft. From the
fitted mode frequencies, the temporal variability of the frequency shifts of
the radial, dipolar, and quadrupolar modes are studied for different frequency
ranges which are sensitive to different layers in the solar sub-surface
interior. The low-frequency modes show nearly unchanged frequency shifts
between Cycles 23 and 24, with a time evolving signature of the quasi-biennial
oscillation, which is particularly visible for the quadrupole component
revealing the presence of a complex magnetic structure. The modes at higher
frequencies show frequency shifts 30% smaller during Cycle~24, which is in
agreement with the decrease observed in the surface activity between Cycles 23
and 24. The analysis of 18 years of GOLF oscillations indicates that the
structural and magnetic changes responsible for the frequency shifts remained
comparable between Cycle 23 and Cycle 24 in the deeper sub-surface layers below
1400 km as revealed by the low-frequency modes. The frequency shifts of the
higher-frequency modes, sensitive to shallower regions, show that Cycle 24 is
magnetically weaker in the upper layers of Sun.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Quantum Simulation of Spin Chains Coupled to Bosonic Modes with
  Superconducting Circuits

We propose the implementation of a digital quantum simulation of spin chains
coupled to bosonic field modes in superconducting circuits. Gates with high
fidelities allows one to simulate a variety of Ising magnetic pairing
interactions with transverse field, Tavis-Cummings interaction between spins
and a bosonic mode, and a spin model with three-body terms. We analyze the
feasibility of the implementation in realistic circuit quantum electrodynamics
setups, where the interactions are either realized via capacitive couplings or
mediated by microwave resonators.Comment: Chapter in R. S. Anderssen et al. (eds.), Mathematics for Industry 11
  (Springer Japan, 2015
On a Poisson-Lie deformation of the BC(n) Sutherland system

A deformation of the classical trigonometric BC(n) Sutherland system is
derived via Hamiltonian reduction of the Heisenberg double of SU(2n). We apply
a natural Poisson-Lie analogue of the Kazhdan-Kostant-Sternberg type reduction
of the free particle on SU(2n) that leads to the BC(n) Sutherland system. We
prove that this yields a Liouville integrable Hamiltonian system and construct
a globally valid model of the smooth reduced phase space wherein the commuting
flows are complete. We point out that the reduced system, which contains 3
independent coupling constants besides the deformation parameter, can be
recovered (at least on a dense submanifold) as a singular limit of the standard
5-coupling deformation due to van Diejen. Our findings complement and further
develop those obtained recently by Marshall on the hyperbolic case by reduction
of the Heisenberg double of SU(n,n).Comment: 31 pages. v2(published version): corrected some typos and added
  Remarks 4.11 and A.
Towards an ontology modeling tool: a validation in software engineering scenarios

Ontology creation and management related processes are very important to define and develop semantic services. Ontology Engineering is the research field that provides the mechanisms to manage the life cycle of the ontologies. However, the process of building ontologies can be tedious and sometimes exhaustive. OWL VisMod is a tool designed for developing ontological engineering based on visual analytics concep tual modeling for OWL ontologies life cycle management, supporting both creation and understanding tasks. This paper is devoted to evaluate OWL VisMod through a set of defined tasks. The same tasks also will be done with the most known tool in Ontology Engineering, Protégé, in order to compare the obtained results and be able to know how is OWL VisMod perceived for the expert users. The comparison shows that both tools have similar acceptation scores, but OWL VisMod presents better feelings regard ing user’s perception tasks due to the visual analytics influence.Publicad
Longitudinal study on the colonisation and transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms.

Knowledge about the dynamics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pigs lacks detail at the level of individual animal. The aim of our study was therefore to determine the colonisation status of MRSA in individual pigs from birth to slaughter in order to gain a better understanding of substantial factors involved in transmission. Two farrow-to-finish and two grow-to-finish herds were included in the study. A total of 1728 nasal swabs from 390 pigs and 592 environmental wipes were collected at 11 different time points. Intermittent colonisation throughout the entire production cycle was conspicuous in the tracking of MRSA in individual pigs. Almost all pigs from a MRSA-positive herd changed MRSA status several times, which implies that pigs are transiently rather than permanently colonised. We highly recommend the definition of MRSA status at herd level rather that at the level of the individual pig when considering prevention measures against MRSA. Therefore, to avoid the further spread of MRSA in countries with moderate prevalence, such as in Switzerland, defining farms as MRSA positive or MRSA negative and allowing the trade of pigs only within herds of the same status seems feasible. This will also be important for combating the further dissemination of livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA into healthcare facilities and the community via humans who have close contact with animals
Curbing the attentional blink: Practice keeps the mind's eye open

When two targets, T1 and T2, are embedded in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors, successful report of T2 depends on its lag from T1: When T2 is separated by a few distracters, it is likely to be missed; this phenomenon is known as the Attentional Blink (AB). When T2 is presented consecutively from T1, T2 is likely to be detected despite the temporal proximity of both targets; this effect is called Lag-1 sparing. We studied how the Lag-1 sparing and AB effects change with practice. Observers repeated a typical dual-target-report task over separate days, while behavioral indices and EEG were recorded. Practice increased the Lag-1 sparing and reduced the AB effects, improving the sensitivity to T2 while leaving the response criterion unchanged. With improving sensitivity, T2-related amplitude of P3 and negative deflection (ND), an N2 subcomponent, increased. The latter, especially in the Lag-1 condition, could not fully be explained by changes in the ratio of the T2-hit and miss trials. ND usually indicates spatial target selectivity but here reflects the selection of temporally proximal targets. The effect, therefore, suggests common mechanisms for spatial and temporal selectivity. Relevance of these results for computational models of the AB is discussed. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.status: publishe
Hanany-Witten effect and SL(2, ℤ) dualities in matrix models

We provide tests of dualities for three-dimensional N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ quiver SCFTs with brane realizations in IIB string theory, by matching their exact partition functions on S 3 . The dualities are generated by SL(2, ℤ) transformations and Hanany-Witten 5-brane moves. These contain mirror symmetry as well as dualities identifiying fixed points of Yang-Mills quivers and Chern-Simons theories. The partition function is given by a matrix model, that can be nicely rearranged into a sequence of factors mimicking the brane realization. Identities obeyed by these elementary factors can be used to match the partition functions of dual theories, providing tests for the full web of dualities. In particular we are able to check mirror symmetry for linear and circular quivers with gauge nodes of arbitrary ranks. Our analysis also leads to a proof of a conjectured formula evaluating the matrix models of linear quiver SCFTs
Reanalysis of lattice QCD spectra leading to the D s 0 ∗ (2317) and D s 1 ∗ (2460)

We perform a reanalysis of the energy levels obtained in a recent lattice QCD simulation, from where the existence of bound states of KD and KD ∗ are induced and identified with the narrow D s 0 ∗ (2317) and D s 1 ∗ (2460) resonances. The reanalysis is done in terms of an auxiliary potential, employing a single-channel basis KD ( ∗ ), and a two-channel basis KD ( ∗ ), ηD s (∗) . By means of an extended Lüscher method we determine poles of the continuum t -matrix, bound by about 40 MeV with respect to the KD and KD ∗ thresholds, which we identify with the D s 0 ∗ (2317) and D s 1 ∗ (2460) resonances. Using a sum rule that reformulates Weinberg compositeness condition we can determine that the state D s 0 ∗ (2317) contains a KD component in an amount of about 70%, while the state D s 1 ∗ (2460) contains a similar amount of KD ∗ . We argue that the present lattice simulation results do not still allow us to determine which are the missing channels in the bound state wave functions and we discuss the necessary information that can lead to answer this question
Electroweak corrections to squark-antisquark production at the LHC

We present the calculation of the electroweak corrections for squark-antisquark pair production at the LHC within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Taking into account all possible chirality and light-flavor configurations, we evaluate the NLO EW corrections, which are of O α s 2 α $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s^2\alpha \right) $$ , as well as the subleading tree-level contributions of O α s α $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\alpha \right) $$ and O α 2 $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}^2\right) $$ . Numerical results are presented for several scans in the SUSY parameter space and relevant differential distributions are investigated. The impact of the electroweak corrections is nonnegligible and strongly depends on the chirality configuration of the produced squarks. Our analysis includes a discussion of photon-gluon initiated processes with a focus on the impact of the corresponding large PDF uncertainties
A single-residue affinity scale for DNA-binding using linear perceptron

A linear scale to estimate DNA-binding free energy of amino acid residues is reported. Scales derived exclusively for irregular and helical positions give 76% and 68% classification accuracy between stabilizing and destabilizing protein-DNA interaction. Mean absolute error (MAE) in ddG values is 0.786 and 0.883 kcal/mol respectively. Without using structure information of residues to derive affinity scales, 67.0% mutations could be correctly classified between those stabilizing and destabilizing binding. Mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation of ddG predictions are 0.953 kcal/mol and 0.385 respectively.PRIB 2008 proceedings found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88436-
Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of organochlorine contaminants in albatrosses and petrels

Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in albatrosses and petrels collected off southern Brazil were compared with concentrations of organochlorine contaminants (OCs). d13C and d15N values, as well as OCs concentrations, exhibited a high degree of variability among individuals and overlap among species. d13C values reflected latitudinal differences among species, with lower values found in Wandering and Tristan Albatrosses and higher values found in Black-browed and Atlantic Yellow-nosed Albatrosses and White-chinned Petrels. Some relationships were found between OCs and stable isotopes, but in general a partial ‘uncoupling’ was observed between OCs concentrations and stable isotopes ratios (especially for d15N). d13C and d15N values in Procellariiformes tissues during the non-breeding season appear to be a better indicator of foraging habitats than of trophic relationships, which may partially explain the high degree of variability between concentrations of OCs and stable isotopes ratios in birds with a diversified diet and wide foraging range
Forced generation of simple and double emulsions in all-aqueous systems

We report an easy-to-implement method that allows the direct generation of water-in-water (w/w) single emulsions. The method relies on direct perturbation of the pressure that drives the flow of the dispersed phase of the emulsions. The resultant inner jet is induced to break up into droplets due to the growth of the perturbation through Rayleigh-Plateau instability [L. Rayleigh, Proc. R. Soc. London 29, 71-97 (1879)]; this leads to the formation of monodisperse droplets. By implementing this method on a modified microfluidic device, we directly generate water-in-water-in-water (w/w/w) double emulsions with good control over the size and the number of encapsulated droplets. Our approach suggests a route to apply droplet-based microfluidics to completely water-based systems. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.published_or_final_versio
A highly-sensitive anti-Mullerian hormone assay improves analysis of ovarian function following chemotherapy for early breast cancer

AIM: 
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) shows promise as a biomarker of the ovarian reserve but current assays are insufficiently sensitive to allow assessment of this post-chemotherapy in most women. We have assessed a new highly sensitive AMH assay (Ansh picoAMH) in the evaluation of ovarian activity in women with very low ovarian reserve after chemotherapy.
METHODS: 
A prospective cohort and an independent validation cohort of premenopausal women with early breast cancer (eBC) were recruited at the time of diagnosis (combined n=98), and ovarian reserve markers 2-5 years later following chemotherapy were assessed in relation to menstrual activity.
RESULTS: 
The picoAMH assay had a limit of detection of 7.5 pg/ml. AMH clearly distinguished women with ongoing menses from those with amenorrhoea at 2 years after diagnosis (mean 522 ± 169 versus 8.9 ± 1.3 pg/ml, P<0.0001) with high predictive value for continuing menses or amenorrhoea for the subsequent 3 years. AMH was detectable in more women than using a previous assay (P=0.004). Other markers of the ovarian reserve (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), inhibin B) were also of discriminatory value but to lesser extents. This finding was validated in a second, independent cohort of women treated for eBC.
CONCLUSION: 
The 10-fold increased assay sensitivity showed very clear distinction between groups based on ovarian activity with excellent prediction of future menses or amenorrhoea. This will improve assessment of post-chemotherapy ovarian function in women and may aid treatment decisions.
Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.published_or_final_versio
Search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in final states with missing transverse momentum and at least three b-jets at root s=8 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports the results of a search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in 20.1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is performed separately in events with either zero or at least one high-p (T) lepton (electron or muon), large missing transverse momentum, high jet multiplicity and at least three jets identified as originated from the fragmentation of a b-quark. No excess is observed with respect to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the context of several supersymmetric models involving gluinos and scalar top and bottom quarks, as well as a mSUGRA/CMSSM model. Gluino masses up to 1340 GeV are excluded, depending on the model, significantly extending the previous ATLAS limits.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2014)024</p
Rapid behavioural gregarization in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria entails synchronous changes in both activity and attraction to conspecifics.

PMCID: PMC4062946Desert Locusts can change reversibly between solitarious and gregarious phases, which differ considerably in behaviour, morphology and physiology. The two phases show many behavioural differences including both overall levels of activity and the degree to which they are attracted or repulsed by conspecifics. Solitarious locusts perform infrequent bouts of locomotion characterised by a slow walking pace, groom infrequently and actively avoid other locusts. Gregarious locusts are highly active with a rapid walking pace, groom frequently and are attracted to conspecifics forming cohesive migratory bands as nymphs and/or flying swarms as adults. The sole factor driving the onset of gregarization is the presence of conspecifics. In several previous studies concerned with the mechanism underlying this transformation we have used an aggregate measure of behavioural phase state, Pgreg, derived from logistic regression analysis, which combines and weights several behavioural variables to characterise solitarious and gregarious behaviour. Using this approach we have analysed the time course of behavioural change, the stimuli that induce gregarization and the key role of serotonin in mediating the transformation. Following a recent critique that suggested that using Pgreg may confound changes in general activity with genuine gregarization we have performed a meta-analysis examining the time course of change in the individual behaviours that we use to generate Pgreg. We show that the forced crowding of solitarious locusts, tactile stimulation of the hind femora, and the short-term application of serotonin each induce concerted changes in not only locomotion-related variables but also grooming frequency and attraction to other locusts towards those characteristic of long-term gregarious locusts. This extensive meta-analysis supports and extends our previous conclusions that solitarious locusts undergo a rapid behavioural gregarization upon receiving appropriate stimulation for a few hours that is mediated by serotonin, at the end of which their behaviour is largely indistinguishable from locusts that have been in the gregarious phase their entire lives.Open Access funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. This work was supported by a Laureate Fellowship from the\ud
Australian Research Council to S.J.S based on work originally\ud
supported by grants from the BBSRC (UK) to S.J.S., M.B., T.M. and\ud
S.R.O. (grant codes S19273, S19275, BB/D018587/1, BB/D018854/1,\ud
H002510/1, H002537/1), a Leverhulme Trust research project\ud
grant (F/09 364/K) and a University Research Fellowship from\ud
the Royal Society (UK) to S.R.O.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
NNLO QCD corrections to jet production at hadron colliders from gluon scattering.\ud

We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to dijet production in the purely gluonic channel retaining the full dependence on the number of colours. The sub-leading colour contribution in this channel first appears at NNLO and increases the NNLO correction by around 10% and exhibits a p T dependence, rising from 8% at low p T to 15% at high p T . The present calculation demonstrates the utility of the antenna subtraction method for computing the full colour NNLO corrections to dijet production at the Large Hadron Collider
Flexible integration of visual cues in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.

Although children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show atypical sensory processing, evidence for impaired integration of multisensory information has been mixed. In this study, we took a Bayesian model-based approach to assess within-modality integration of congruent and incongruent texture and disparity cues to judge slant in typical and autistic adolescents. Human adults optimally combine multiple sources of sensory information to reduce perceptual variance but in typical development this ability to integrate cues does not develop until late childhood. While adults cannot help but integrate cues, even when they are incongruent, young children's ability to keep cues separate gives them an advantage in discriminating incongruent stimuli. Given that mature cue integration emerges in later childhood, we hypothesized that typical adolescents would show adult-like integration, combining both congruent and incongruent cues. For the ASD group there were three possible predictions (1) “no fusion”: no integration of congruent or incongruent cues, like 6-year-old typical children; (2) “mandatory fusion”: integration of congruent and incongruent cues, like typical adults; (3) “selective fusion”: cues are combined when congruent but not incongruent, consistent with predictions of Enhanced Perceptual Functioning (EPF) theory. As hypothesized, typical adolescents showed significant integration of both congruent and incongruent cues. The ASD group showed results consistent with “selective fusion,” integrating congruent but not incongruent cues. This allowed adolescents with ASD to make perceptual judgments which typical adolescents could not. In line with EPF, results suggest that perception in ASD may be more flexible and less governed by mandatory top-down feedback
ULX behaviour : the ultraluminous state, winds and interesting anomalies.

Recent evidence – in particular the hard X-ray spectra obtained by NuSTAR, and the large amplitude hard X-ray variability observed when ULXs show soft spectra - reveals that common ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) behaviour is inconsistent with known sub-Eddington accretion modes, as would be expected for an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Instead, it appears that the majority of ULXs are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto stellar-mass black holes. Here, we will review work that delves deeper into ULX spectral-timing behaviour, demonstrating it remains consistent with the expectations of super-Eddington accretion. One critical missing piece from this picture is the direct detection of the massive, radiatively-driven winds expected from ULXs as atomic emission/absorption line features in ULX spectra; we will show it is very likely these have already been detected as residuals in the soft X-ray spectra of ULXs. Finally, we will discuss ULXs that do not appear to conform to the emerging ULX behaviour patterns. In particular we discuss the implications of the identification of a good IMBH candidate as a background QSO; and the confirmation of an IMBH/ULX candidate in the galaxy NGC 2276 via the radio/X-ray fundamental plane