pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Fast Neutron - Mirror Neutron Oscillation and Ultra High Energy Cosmic
  Rays

If there exists the mirror world, a parallel hidden sector of particles with
exactly the same microphysics as that of the observable particles, then the
primordial nucleosynthesis constraints require that the temperature of the
cosmic background of mirror relic photons should be smaller than that of the
ordinary relic photons, T'/T < 0.5 or so. On the other hand, the present
experimental and astrophysical limits allow a rather fast neutron - mirror
neutron oscillation in vacuum, with an oscillation time $\tau \sim 1$ s, much
smaller than the neutron lifetime. We show that this could provide a very
efficient mechanism for transporting ultra high energy protons at large
cosmological distances. The mechanism operates as follows: a super-GZK energy
proton scatters a relic photon producing a neutron that oscillates into a
mirror neutron which then decays into a mirror proton. The latter undergoes a
symmetric process, scattering a mirror relic photon and producing back an
ordinary nucleon, but only after traveling a distance $(T/T')^{3}$ times larger
than ordinary protons. This may relax or completely remove the GZK-cutoff in
the cosmic ray spectrum and also explain the correlation between the observed
ultra high energy protons and far distant sources as are the BL Lacs.Comment: 14 pages; to appear in PLB (submitted 28 November 2005
Can One Distinguish Tau Neutrinos from Antineutrinos in Neutral-Current
  Pion Production Processes?

A potential way to distinguish tau-neutrinos from antineutrinos, below the
tau-production threshold, but above the pion production one, is presented. It
is based on the different behavior of the neutral current pion production off
the nucleon, depending on whether it is induced by neutrinos or antineutrinos.
This procedure for distinguishing tau-neutrinos from antineutrinos neither
relies on any nuclear model, nor it is affected by any nuclear effect
(distortion of the outgoing nucleon waves, etc...). We show that
neutrino-antineutrino asymmetries occur both in the totally integrated cross
sections and in the pion azimuthal differential distributions. To define the
asymmetries for the latter distributions we just rely on Lorentz-invariance.
All these asymmetries are independent of the lepton family and can be
experimentally measured by using electron or muon neutrinos, due to the lepton
family universality of the neutral current neutrino interaction. Nevertheless
and to estimate their size, we have also used the chiral model of
hep-ph/0701149 at intermediate energies. Results are really significant since
the differences between neutrino and antineutrino induced reactions are always
large in all physical channels.Comment: Revised version. 8 pages, 3 figures. The abstract has been changed
  and discussion extende
Maximal accretive extensions of Schr\"odinger operators on vector
  bundles over infinite graphs

Given a Hermitian vector bundle over an infinite weighted graph, we define
the Laplacian associated to a unitary connection on this bundle and study the
essential self-adjointness of a perturbation of this Laplacian by an
operator-valued potential. Additionally, we give a sufficient condition for the
resulting Schr\"odinger operator to serve as the generator of a strongly
continuous contraction semigroup in the corresponding l^{p}-space.Comment: We have made significant revisions of the previous version. In
  particular, this version has a new title: "Maximal Accretive Extensions of
  Schr\"odinger Operators on Vector Bundles over Infinite Graphs." The final
  version will appear in Integral Equations and Operator Theory and will be
  availableat Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00020-014-2196-
Leptogenesis and Neutrino Oscillations in the Classically Conformal
  Standard Model with the Higgs Portal

The Standard Model with an added Higgs portal interaction and no explicit
mass terms is a classically scale-invariant theory. In this case the scale of
electroweak symmetry breaking can be induced radiatively by the
Coleman-Weinberg mechanism operational in a hidden sector, and then transmitted
to the Standard Model through the Higgs portal. The smallness of the generated
values for the Higgs vev and mass, compared to the UV cutoff of our classically
scale-invariant effective theory, is naturally explained by this mechanism. We
show how these classically conformal models can generate the baryon asymmetry
of the Universe without the need of introducing mass scales by hand or their
resonant fine-tuning. The minimal model we consider is the Standard Model
coupled to the Coleman-Weinberg scalar field charged under the $U(1)_{B-L}$
gauge group. Anomaly cancellation requires automatic inclusion of three
generations of right-handed neutrinos. Their GeV-scale Majorana masses are
induced by the Coleman-Weinberg field and lead to the generation of active
neutrino masses through the standard see-saw mechanism. Leptogenesis occurs via
flavour oscillations of right-handed sterile neutrinos and is converted to the
baryon asymmetry by electroweak sphalerons.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, v2: references added, minor corrections, v3:
  matches the version published in JHE
Testing Grumiller's modified gravity at galactic scales

Using galactic rotation curves, we test a -quantum motivated- gravity model
that at large distances modifies the Newtonian potential when spherical
symmetry is considered. In this model one adds a Rindler acceleration term to
the rotation curves of disk galaxies. Here we consider a standard and a
power-law generalization of the Rindler modified Newtonian potential that are
hypothesized to play the role of dark matter in galaxies. The new, universal
acceleration has to be -phenomenologically- determined. Our galactic model
includes the mass of the integrated gas and stars for which we consider a free
mass model. We test the model by fitting rotation curves of thirty galaxies
that has been employed to test other alternative gravity models. We find that
the Rindler parameters do not perform a suitable fit to the rotation curves in
comparison to the Burkert dark matter profile, but the models achieve a similar
fit as the NFW's profile does. However, the computed parameters of the Rindler
gravity show some spread, posing the model to be unable to consistently explain
the observed rotation curves.Comment: 7 pages, a few figures and tables are added as supplementary materia
Three-body interactions in complex fluids: virial coefficients from
  simulation finite-size effects

A simulation technique is described for quantifying the contribution of
three-body interactions to the thermodynamical properties of coarse-grained
representations of complex fluids. The method is based on comparing the third
virial coefficient $B_3$ for a complex fluid with that of an approximate
coarse-grained model described by a pair potential. To obtain $B_3$ we
introduce a new technique which expresses its value in terms of the measured
volume-dependent asymptote of a certain structural function. The strategy is
applicable to both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation. Its utility
is illustrated via measurements of three-body effects in models of star polymer
and highly size-asymmetrical colloid-polymer mixtures.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Explaining the Lepton Non-universality at the LHCb and CMS from a
  Unified Framework

The recent results from the LHCb in the context of $(B^+ \rightarrow K^+ l
l)$ decay and the CMS analysis in the context of right handed $W$-boson ($W_R$)
search show a $2.6\sigma$ and a $2.8\sigma$ deviations from the Standard Model
expectations respectively. In this work, we address these two seemingly
uncorrelated results in the context of \R-parity violating supersymmetry. We
found that a particular combination of $LQD^c$-type operators which
successfully explain the LHCb result, can also accommodate the CMS excess in
the $eejj$ channel of the $W_R$ search.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, comments and references added, version to appear
  in JHE
AdS_6/CFT_5 correpondence for F(4) Supergravity

F(4) supergravity, the gauge theory of the exceptional six-dimensional
Anti-de Sitter superalgebra, is coupled to an arbitrary number of vector
multiplets whose scalar components parametrize the quaternionic manifold
SO(4,n)/SO(4)\times SO(n). By gauging the compact subgroup SU(2)_d \otimes G,
where SU(2)_d is the diagonal subgroup of SO(4)= SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R (the
R-symmetry group of six-dimensional Poincare' supergravity) and G is a compact
group such that dim G = n. The potential admits an AdS background for g=3m, as
the pure F(4)-supergravity. The boundary F(4) superconformal fields are
realized in terms of a singleton superfield (hypermultiplet) in harmonic
superspace with flag manifold SU(2)/U(1)=S^2. We analize the spectrum of short
representations in terms of superconformal primaries and predict general
features of the K-K specrum of massive type IIA supergravity compactified on
warped AdS_6\otimes S^4.Comment: 9 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the First Workshop of the
  RTN Network "The Quantum Structure of Spacetime and the Geometric Nature of
  Fundamental Interactions", Berlin, Germany, 4-10 October 200
2,0 supersymmetric sigma models and almost complex structures

We find a new class of (2,0)-supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma models with torsion and target spaces almost complex manifolds extending similar results for models with (2,2) supersymmetry. These models are invariant under a new symmetry which is generated by a Noether charge of Lorentz weight one and it is associated to the Nijenhuis tensor of the almost complex structure of the sigma model target manifold. We compute the Poisson bracket algebra of charges of the above (2,0)-and (2,2)-supersymmetric sigma models and show that it closes but it is not isomorphic to the standard (2,0) and (2,2) supersymmetry algebra, respectively. Examples of such (2,0)- and (2,2)-supersymmetric sigma models with target spaces group manifolds are also given. In addition, we study the quantisation of the (2,0)-supersymmetric sigma models, compute the anomalies of their classical symmetries and examine their cancellation. Furthermore, we examine the massive extension of (2,0)-supersymmetric sigma models with target spaces almost complex manifolds, and study the topological twist of the new supersymmetry algebras
Semi-infinite wedges and the conformal limit of the fermionic Calogero-Sutherland model with spin 1/2

The conformal limit over an anti-ferromagnetic vacuum of the fermionic spin \frac{1}{2} Calogero-Sutherland Model is derived by using the wedge product formalism. The space of states in the conformal limit is identified with the Fock space of two complex fermions, or equivalently, with a tensor product of an irreducible level-1 module of \slt and a Fock space module of the Heisenberg algebra.The Hamiltonian and the Yangian generators of the Calogero-Sutherland Model are represented in terms of \slt currents and bosons. At special values of the coupling constant they give rise to the Hamiltonian and the Yangian generators of the conformal limit of the Haldane-Shastry Model acting in an irreducible level-1 module of \slt. At generic values of the coupling constant the space of states is decomposed into irreducible representations of the Yangian
On `Graceful Exit' from inflationary phase in two-dimensional Liouville
  String Cosmology

Within the context of a super-critical (Liouville) string, we discuss
(target-space) two-dimensional string cosmology. A numerical analysis indicates
that the identification of time with the Liouville mode results in an expanding
universe with matter which exhibits an inflationary phase, and `graceful exit'
from it, tending asymptotically to a flat-metric fixed point.This fixed point
is characterized by a dilaton configuration which, depending on the initial
conditions, either decreases linearly with the cosmic time, or is a finite
constant. This implies that, in contrast to the critical string case, the
string coupling remains bounded during the exit from the inflationary phase,
and, thus, the pertinent dynamics can be reliably described in terms of a
tree-level string effective action. The r\^ole of matter in inducing such
phenomena is emphasized. It is also interesting to note that the asymptotic
value of the vacuum energy, which in the $\sigma$-model framework is identified
with the `running' central charge deficit, depends crucially on the set of
initial conditions. Thus, although preliminary, this toy model seems to share
all the features expected to characterize a phenomenologically acceptable
cosmological string model.Comment: 23 pages LATEX, six eps figures incorporate
Two-Loop Quark Self-Energy in a New Formalism (II): Renormalization of
  the Quark Propagator in the Light-Cone Gauge

The complete two-loop correction to the quark propagator, consisting of the
spider, rainbow, gluon bubble and quark bubble diagrams, is evaluated in the
noncovariant light-cone gauge (lcg). (The overlapping self-energy diagram had
already been computed.) The chief technical tools include the powerful matrix
integration technique, the n^*-prescription for the spurious poles of 1/qn, and
the detailed analysis of the boundary singularities in five- and
six-dimensional parameter space. It is shown that the total divergent
contribution to the two-loop correction Sigma_2 contains both covariant and
noncovariant components, and is a local function of the external momentum p,
even off the mass-shell, as all nonlocal divergent terms cancel exactly.
Consequently, both the quark mass and field renormalizations are local. The
structure of Sigma_2 implies a quark mass counterterm of the form $\delta m
(lcg) = m\tilde\alpha_s C_F(3+\tilde\alpha_sW) + {\rm O} (\tilde\alpha_s^3)$,
$\tilde\alpha_s = g^2\Gamma(\eps)(4\pi)^{\eps -2}$, with W depending only on
the dimensional regulator epsilon, and on the numbers of colors and flavors. It
turns out that \delta m(lcg) is identical to the mass counterterm in the
general linear covariant gauge. Our results are in agreement with the
Bassetto-Dalbosco-Soldati renormalization scheme.Comment: 36 pages Latex, 5 eps figures, to appear in Nucl.Phys.
On the Nochka-Chen-Ru-Wong Proof of Cartan's Conjecture

In 1982-83, E. Nochka proved a conjecture of Cartan on defects of holomorphic
curves in $\Bbb P^n$ relative to a possibly degenerate set of hyperplanes. This
was further explained by W. Chen in his 1987 thesis, and subseqently simplified
by M. Ru and P.-M. Wong in 1991. The proof involved assigning weights to the
hyperplanes. This paper provides a mild simplification of the proof of the
construction of the weights, by construing the ``Nochka diagram'' of Ru and
Wong as a convex hull.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Reorganized to reflect the submitted version;
  added a reference to a paper of Nochk
Clustering and Signalling of Cell Receptors

As a response to ligand binding, transmembrane cell receptors often enhance
their clustering, or oligomerization, during the signalling process. Here we
present a statistical mechanical model which combines the aspects of clustering
and signalling. In this model, receptors float on the surface, while for two
neighboring receptors, there is an interaction energy dependent on their
conformational states. On the other hand, ligand binding of a receptor shifts
the energy difference between the two conformational states. Due to thermal
fluctuation, the effects of clustering and signalling are statistical average
quantities. This model reduces to a floating Ising model with a random field.
We calculate the signalling in a grand canonical ensemble mean field approach,
using Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and replica method. Monte Carlo
simulations are also performed. Essential biological features are obtained in
our model.Comment: revtex, 16 pages, including figures, final versio
Conditional inference and advanced mathematical study

The final publication is available at: www.springerlink.comMany mathematicians and curriculum bodies have argued in favour of the theory\ud
of formal discipline: that studying advanced mathematics develops one’s ability to reason\ud
logically. In this paper we explore this view by directly comparing the inferences drawn\ud
from abstract conditional statements by advanced mathematics students and well-educated\ud
arts students. The mathematics students in the study were found to endorse fewer invalid\ud
conditional inferences than the arts students, but they did not endorse significantly more valid\ud
inferences. We establish that both groups tended to endorse more inferences which led to\ud
negated conclusions than inferences which led to affirmative conclusions (a phenomenon\ud
known as the negative conclusion effect). In contrast, however, we demonstrate that, unlike\ud
the arts students, the mathematics students did not exhibit the affirmative premise effect: the\ud
tendency to endorse more inferences with affirmative premises than with negated premises.We\ud
speculate that this latter result may be due to an increased ability for successful mathematics\ud
students to be able to ‘see through’ opaque representations. Overall, our data are consistent\ud
with a version of the formal discipline view. However, there are important caveats; in particular,\ud
we demonstrate that there is no simplistic relationship between the study of advanced\ud
mathematics and conditional inference behaviour
Comparative analysis of electric field influence on the quantum wells
  with different boundary conditions. I. Energy spectrum, quantum information
  entropy and polarization

Analytical solutions of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the one-dimensional
quantum well with all possible permutations of the Dirichlet and Neumann
boundary conditions (BCs) in perpendicular to the interfaces uniform electric
field $\mathscr{E}$ are used for the comparative investigation of their
interaction and its influence on the properties of the system. Limiting cases
of the weak and strong voltages allow an easy mathematical treatment and its
clear physical explanation; in particular, for the small $\mathscr{E}$, the
perturbation theory derives for all geometries a linear dependence of the
polarization on the field with the BC-dependent proportionality coefficient
being positive (negative) for the ground (excited) states. Simple two-level
approximation elementary explains the negative polarizations as a result of the
field-induced destructive interference of the unperturbed modes and shows that
in this case the admixture of only the neighboring states plays a dominant
role. Different magnitudes of the polarization for different BCs in this regime
are explained physically and confirmed numerically. Hellmann-Feynman theorem
reveals a fundamental relation between the polarization and the speed of the
energy change with the field. It is proved that zero-voltage position entropies
$S_x$ are BC independent and for all states but the ground Neumann level (which
has $S_x=0$) are equal to $\ln2-1$ while the momentum entropies $S_k$ depend on
the edge requirements and the level. Varying electric field changes position
and momentum entropies in the opposite directions such that the entropic
uncertainty relation is satisfied
Planck 2015 results. IX. Diffuse component separation: CMB maps

We present foreground-reduced CMB maps derived from the full Planck data set
in both temperature and polarization. Compared to the corresponding Planck 2013
temperature sky maps, the total data volume is larger by a factor of 3.2 for
frequencies between 30 and 70 GHz, and by 1.9 for frequencies between 100 and
857 GHz. In addition, systematic errors in the forms of
temperature-to-polarization leakage, analogue-to-digital conversion
uncertainties, and very long time constant errors have been dramatically
reduced, to the extent that the cosmological polarization signal may now be
robustly recovered on angular scales $\ell\gtrsim40$. On the very largest
scales, instrumental systematic residuals are still non-negligible compared to
the expected cosmological signal, and modes with $\ell < 20$ are accordingly
suppressed in the current polarization maps by high-pass filtering. As in 2013,
four different CMB component separation algorithms are applied to these
observations, providing a measure of stability with respect to algorithmic and
modelling choices. The resulting polarization maps have rms instrumental noise
ranging between 0.21 and 0.27$\,\mu\textrm{K}$ averaged over 55 arcmin pixels,
and between 4.5 and 6.1$\,\mu\textrm{K}$ averaged over 3.4 arcmin pixels. The
cosmological parameters derived from the analysis of temperature power spectra
are in agreement at the $1\sigma$ level with the Planck 2015 likelihood.
Unresolved mismatches between the noise properties of the data and simulations
prevent a satisfactory description of the higher-order statistical properties
of the polarization maps. Thus, the primary applications of these polarization
maps are those that do not require massive simulations for accurate estimation
of uncertainties, for instance estimation of cross-spectra and
cross-correlations, or stacking analyses.Comment: 42 pages, 36 figures. Submitted to A&
Continuum-Mediated Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering

Many models of dark matter scattering with baryons may be treated either as a
simple contact interaction or as the exchange of a light mediator particle. We
study an alternative, in which a continuum of light mediator states may be
exchanged. This could arise, for instance, from coupling to a sector which is
approximately conformal at the relevant momentum transfer scale. In the
non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter-baryon scattering, which is
useful for parametrizing direct detection signals, the effect of such continuum
mediators is to multiply the amplitude by a function of the momentum transfer
q, which in the simplest case is just a power law. We develop the basic
framework and study two examples: the case where the mediator is a scalar
operator coupling to the Higgs portal (which turns out to be highly
constrained) and the case of an antisymmetric tensor operator ${\cal O}_{\mu
\nu}$ that mixes with the hypercharge field strength and couples to dark matter
tensor currents, which has an interesting viable parameter space. We describe
the effect of such mediators on the cross sections and recoil energy spectra
that could be observed in direct detection.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor changes, references adde
Pandora's box : photovoltaic energy and economic crisis in Greece

The Greek photovoltaic program was launched in 2006 and rebranded in 2011 as a way to repay debt and decrease national deficit. The scheme promotes new livelihood opportunities on all levels, from micro-scale home installations to macro-scale solar parks producing energy for international export. Offering potential economic stability to a nation at the fore of global neoliberal crisis, solar energy also presents an alternative to petroleum and lignite that currently dominate the energy sector. However, there are many hesitations and conflicting rhetorics surrounding the photovoltaic drive. Its success or failure as a sustainable economic pathway lies as much in understanding local nuances of social relations and historical consciousness as in governmental policy. This paper presents the findings from preliminary research that aims to "scale" all levels of the Greek photovoltaic experience and raises questions of energy policy, neoliberal rationale, and the relationship between local and global socioeconomic systems. It considers the everyday cultural complexities of implementing energy policy and assesses the contribution of an ethnographic approach to interdisciplinary energy research.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe