pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the hadronic activity in events with a Z and two jets and extraction of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z with two jets in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The first measurement of the electroweak production cross section of a Z boson with two jets (Zjj) in pp collisions at √s = 7TeV is presented, based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 5fb-1. The cross section is measured for the ℓℓjj (ℓ = e, μ) final state in the kinematic region m ℓℓ > 50 GeV, mjj > 120 GeV, transverse momenta pj T > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity |ηj| < 4.0. The measurement, combining the muon and electron channels, yields σ = 154 ± 24 (stat.) ± 46 (exp. syst.) ± 27 (th. syst.) ± 3 (lum.) fb, in agreement with the theoretical cross section. The hadronic activity, in the rapidity interval between the jets, is also measured. These results establish an important foundation for the more general study of vector boson fusion processes, of relevance for Higgs boson searches and for measurements of electroweak gauge couplings and vector boson scattering.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in μ±μ± + jets events in proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV

A search is performed for heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) using an event signature defined by two muons of the same charge and two jets (μ±μ±jj). The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. No excess of events is observed beyond the expected standard model background and upper limits are set on |VμN|2 as a function of Majorana neutrino mass mN for masses in the range of 40-500 GeV, where VμN is the mixing element of the heavy neutrino with the standard model muon neutrino. The limits obtained are |VμN|2<0.00470 for mN=90 GeV, |VμN|2<0.0123 for mN=200 GeV, and |VμN|2<0.583 for mN=500 GeV. These results extend considerably the regions excluded by previous direct searches. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Evolution along the sequence of S0 Hubble types induced by dry minor
  mergers. I - Global bulge-to-disk structural relations

Recent studies have argued that galaxy mergers are not important drivers for
the evolution of S0's, on the basis that mergers cannot preserve the coupling
between the bulge and disk scale-lengths observed in these galaxies and the
lack of correlation of their ratio with the S0 Hubble type. We investigate
whether the remnants resulting from collision-less N-body simulations of
intermediate and minor mergers onto S0 galaxies evolve fulfilling global
structural relations observed between the bulges and disks of these galaxies.
Different initial bulge-to-disk ratios of the primary S0 have been considered,
as well as different satellite densities, mass ratios, and orbits of the
encounter. We have analysed the final morphology of the remnants in images
simulating the typical observing conditions of S0 surveys. We derive bulge+disk
decompositions of the final remnants to compare their global bulge-to-disk
structure with observations. We show that all remnants present undisturbed S0
morphologies according to the prescriptions of specialized surveys. The dry
intermediate and minor mergers induce noticeable bulge growth (S0c --> S0b and
S0b --> S0a), but affect negligibly to the bulge and disk scale-lengths.
Therefore, if a coupling between these two components exists prior to the
merger, the encounter does not break this coupling. This fact provides a simple
explanation for the lack of correlation between the ratio of bulge and disk
scale-lengths and the S0 Hubble type reported by observations. These models
prove that dry intermediate and minor mergers can induce global structural
evolution within the sequence of S0 Hubble types compatible with observations,
meaning that these processes should not be discarded from the evolutionary
scenarios of S0's just on the basis of the strong coupling observed between the
bulge and disk scale-lengths in these galaxies (abridged).Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 12 pages, 11
  figures. Definitive version after proofs. Corrected typo in the legend of
  Fig. 2. Definitive version of Fig. 7 (pending copyright implications in the
  previous version). Added references and corrected typo
Measurement of the W boson helicity in events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A measurement of the W boson helicity is presented, where the W boson originates from the decay of a top quark produced in pp collisions. The event selection, optimized for reconstructing a single top quark in the final state, requires exactly one isolated lepton (muon or electron) and exactly two jets, one of which is likely to originate from the hadronization of a bottom quark. The analysis is performed using data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2012. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The measured helicity fractions are F[L] = 0.298 +/- 0.028 (stat) +\- 0.032 (syst), F[0] = 0.720 +/- 0.039 (stat) +/- 0.037 (syst), and F[R] = -0.018 +/- 0.019 (stat) +/- 0.011 (syst). These results are used to set limits on the real part of the tWb anomalous couplings, gL and gR
Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (η) and azimuthal angle (ϕ). Short-range correlations in Δη, which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple “independent cluster” parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in η (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 nb[superscript −1] data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate p [subscript T] of 1–3 GeV/c, 2.0 < |Δη| < 4.8 and Δϕ ≈ 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p[−over]p collisions
Developing a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for selecting design-build operational variations

Many academic researchers have conducted studies on the selection of design-build (DB) delivery method; however, there are few studies on the selection of DB operational\ud
variations, which poses challenges to many clients. The selection of DB operational variation is a multi-criteria decision making process that requires clients to objectively\ud
evaluate the performance of each DB operational variation with reference to the selection criteria. This evaluation process is often characterized by subjectivity and uncertainty. In order to resolve this deficiency, the current investigation aimed to establish a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) model for selecting the most suitable DB operational variation. A three-round Delphi questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the\ud
selection criteria and their relative importance. A fuzzy set theory approach, namely the modified horizontal approach with the bisector error method, was applied to establish the fuzzy membership functions, which enables clients to perform quantitative calculations on the performance of each DB operational variation. The FMCDM was developed using the weighted mean method to aggregate the overall performance of DB operational variations with regard to the selection criteria. The proposed FMCDM model enables clients to perform quantitative calculations in a fuzzy decision-making environment and provides a useful tool to cope with different project attributes
Measurement of Wγ and Zγ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of W-gamma and Z-gamma production in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. Results are based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The electron and muon decay channels of the W and Z are used. The total cross sections are measured for photon transverse energy >10 GeV and spatial separation from charged leptons in the plane of pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle >0.7, and with an additional dilepton invariant mass requirement of > 50 GeV for the Z-gamma process. The following cross section times branching fraction values are found: sigma(pp to W-gamma+X) B(W to lepton neutrino) = 56.3 +/- 5.0 (stat.) +/- 5.0 (syst.) +/- 2.3 (lumi.) pb and sigma(pp to Z-gamma+X) B}(Z to lepton lepton) = 9.4 +/- 1.0 (stat.) +/- 0.6 (syst.) +/- 0.4 (lumi.) pb. These measurements are in agreement with standard model predictions. The first limits on anomalous WW gamma, ZZ gamma, and Z gamma gamma trilinear gauge couplings at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV are set
Individual age and connective tissue lipofuscin in the hard clam Eurhomalea exalbida

In the hard clam Eurhomalea exalbida autofluorescent granules were detected in high concentrations in the connective tissue around the intestine and in other tissues. Autofluorescence combined with Sudan Black B and PAS positive reactions suggested that these granules were lipofuscin-like. The concentration of this material in the connective tissue (CT) around the intestine was quantified by image analysis and expressed as total area fraction occupied by lipofuscin granules. Lipofuscin concentration was distinctly better related with individual age as determined from stable isotope validated shell growth bands, than with any morphometric parameter. This relationship was described best by a Gompertz model: Lipofuscint = 24.79 * e -e 0.029 * (Age t 58.578) (N = 38; r2nl = 0.882). Age was predicted from lipofuscinCT concentration by a von Bertalanffy model: Age t = 68.00 * (1 - e -0.146 * (Lipofuscint + 0.028))0.664 (N = 38; r2nl = 0.933). Our findings suggest that lipofuscinCT concentration in E. exalbida is a function of individual age. If this holds true for bivalves in general, lipofuscin may be a suitable proxy for age in species with less clear shell growth band patterns
Bowling alone but tweeting together: the evolution of human interaction in the social networking era

The objective of this paper is to theoretically analyze how human interaction may evolve in a world characterized by the explosion of online networking and other Web-mediated ways of building and nurturing relationships. The analysis shows that online networking yields a storage mechanism through which any individual contribution - e.g. a blog post, a comment, or a photo - is stored within a particular network and ready for virtual access by each member who connects to the network. When someone provides feedback, for example by commenting on a note, or by replying to a message, the interaction is finalized. These interactions are asynchronous, i.e. they allow individuals to relate in different moments, whenever they have time to. When the social environment is poor of participation opportunities and/or the pressure on time increases (for example due to the need to increase the working time), the stock of information and ties stored in the Internet can help individuals to defend their sociability.
Gender inequality and economic growth: a time series analysis for Pakistan

This paper attempts to analyze the impact of gender inequality on economic growth of Pakistan. An annual time series data for the period of 1972-2009 has been used in this study. We have regressed growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita on labour force growth, investment, trade openness and a composite index of gender inequality. The results reveal that labour force growth, investment and trade openness have statistically significant and positive impact whereas gender inequality has a significant and negative effect on economic growth of Pakistan.
Jatropha production on wastelands in India: opportunities and trade-offs for soil and water management at the watershed scale

Biofuel production from feedstocks grown on wastelands is considered a means of addressing concerns about climate change and improving energy security while at the same time providing an additional source of income for the land users. The establishment of biomass plantations on wastelands is likely to affect local livelihoods and can affect surrounding ecosystems by influencing hydrologic flows and processes such as erosion. We present an assessment of Jatropha plantation establishment on wastelands, using the ArcSWAT modeling tool. The assessment was made for a wasteland located in the Velchal watershed, Andhra Pradesh, India, which recently was converted to a biofuel plantation with Jatropha. The previous land use, in this case grazing, could continue in the Jatropha plantations. Several desirable effects occurred as a result of the land-use conversion: non-productive soil evaporation was reduced as a larger share of the rainfall was channeled to productive plant transpiration and groundwater recharge, and at the same time a more stable (less erosive) runoff resulted in reduced soil erosion and improved downstream water conditions. A win-win situation between improved land productivity and soil carbon content was observed for the Jatropha plantations. On the other hand, the results indicate that at the sub-basin scale, reductions in runoff generation as a result of large-scale conversion of wastelands to Jatropha cropping may pose problems to downstream water users and ecosystems. From a livelihoods perspective, Jatropha production was generally positive, creating a complementary source of income to the farmers, thus strengthening the resilience of the local community. In the future, the potential gain from Jatropha cropping is expected to increase as cropping systems improve and growing biofuel markets result in better conditions for biofuel producer
H.E.S.S. observations of the binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 around the 2010/2011 periastron passage

Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, © ESOAIMS. We present very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) data from the γ-ray binary system PSR B1259-63/LS 2883 taken around its periastron passage on 15th of December 2010 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of Cherenkov Telescopes. We aim to search for a possible TeV counterpart of the GeV flare detected by the Fermi LAT. In addition, we aim to study the current periastron passage in the context of previous observations taken at similar orbital phases, testing the repetitive behaviour of the source. METHODS. Observations at VHEs were conducted with H.E.S.S. from 9th to 16th of January 2011. The total dataset amounts to ~6 h of observing time. The data taken around the 2004 periastron passage were also re-analysed with the current analysis techniques in order to extend the energy spectrum above 3 TeV to fully compare observation results from 2004 and 2011. RESULTS. The source is detected in the 2011 data at a significance level of 11.5σ revealing an averaged integral flux above 1 TeV of (1.01 ± 0.18stat ± 0.20sys) × 10-12 cm-2 s-1. The differential energy spectrum follows a power-law shape with a spectral index Γ = 2.92 ± 0.30stat ± 0.20sys and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N0 = (1.95 ± 0.32stat ± 0.39sys) × 10-12 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. The measured light curve does not show any evidence for variability of the source on the daily scale. The re-analysis of the 2004 data yields results compatible with the published ones. The differential energy spectrum measured up to ~10 TeV is consistent with a power law with a spectral index Γ = 2.81 ± 0.10stat ± 0.20sys and a flux normalisation at 1 TeV of N0 = (1.29 ± 0.08stat ± 0.26sys) × 10-12 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. CONCLUSIONS. The measured integral flux and the spectral shape of the 2011 data are compatible with the results obtained around previous periastron passages. The absence of variability in the H.E.S.S. data indicates that the GeV flare observed by Fermi LAT in the time period covered also by H.E.S.S. observations originates in a different physical scenario than the TeV emission. Moreover, the comparison of the new results to the results from the 2004 observations made at a similar orbital phase provides a stronger evidence of the repetitive behaviour of the source.H.E.S.S. Collaboration, A. Abramowski ... P. deWilt ... N. Maxted ... G. Rowell ... et al
Expert consensus document : The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

The authors would like to thank members of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) board of directors who did not directly participate in this consensus panel, but who reviewed, criticized and approved the manuscript: D. Merenstein (Georgetown University Medical Center, USA), M. Cabana (University of California, San Francisco, USA), S. Lebeer (University of Antwerp, Belgium), E. Quigley (The Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell School of Medicine, USA) and C. Hill (University College Cork, Ireland). We also gratefully acknowledge D. Mills (University of California at Davis, USA) for his constructive comments. Gratitude is expressed to ISAPP for funding travel and meeting expenses associated with conducting this panel.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
In search of the determinants of European asset market comovements

We show, in a broad class of affine general equilibrium models with long-run risk, that the covariances between asset returns are linear functions of risk factors. We use a dynamic conditional correlation model to measure the covariances of stock and sovereign bond markets in the Euro Area. We use a new approach to measure risk factors based on Google search data. The factors explain 50 to 60 percent of the variation of the covariances between European stocks and 25 to 35 percent of the covariances between European bonds. The information improves the portfolio performance compared to an equally weighted portfoli
Effect of bubble’s arrangement on the viscous torque in bubbly Taylor- Couette flow

An experimental investigation of the interactions between bubbles, coherent motion and viscous drag in a Taylor-Couette flow with the outer cylinder at rest is presented. The cylinder radii ratio η is 0.91. Bubbles are injected inside the gap through a needle at the bottom of the apparatus. Different bubbles sizes are investigated (ratio between the bubble diameter and the gap width ranges from 0.05 to 0.125) for very small void fraction (α<=0.23%). Different flow regimes are studied corresponding to Reynolds number Re based on the gap width and velocity of the inner cylinder, ranging from 600 to 20000. Regarding these Re values, Taylor vortices are persistent leading to an axial periodicity of the flow. A detailed characterization of the vortices is performed for the single-phase flow. The experiment also develops bubbles tracking in a meridian plane and viscous torque of the inner cylinder measurements. The findings of this study show evidence of the link between bubbles localisation, Taylor vortices and viscous torque modifications. We also highlight two regimes of viscous torque modification and various types of bubbles arrangements, depending on their size and on the Reynolds number. Bubbles can have a sliding and wavering motion near the inner cylinder and be either captured by the Taylor vortices or by the outflow areas near the inner cylinder. For small buoyancy effect, bubbles are trapped, leading to an increase of the viscous torque. When buoyancy induced bubbles motion is increased by comparison to the coherent motion of the liquid, a decrease in the viscous torque is rather observed. The type of bubble arrangement is parameterized by the two dimensionless parameters C and H introduced by Climent et al. [E. Climent, M. Simonnet and J. Magnaudet, Phys. Fluids 19, 083301(2007)]. Phase diagrams summarizing the various types of bubbles arrangements, viscous torque modifications and axial wavelength evolution are built.ANR-12-ASTR-0017 F-DRAIH
Grading: Harmonising standards and stakeholder expectations

This paper suggests that when a course is planned within one culture for  delivery to members of another culture, appropriate quality control of  assessment becomes an issue of major proportions. Based on their  experience of presenting an Aid Agency-funded Masters course in a  developing country in the Pacific, the authors describe the processes to  address the needs and wants of all the stakeholders, with different cultural  expectations. Maintaining a balance between the standards required by  university processes and equity between domestic and Pacific student  cohorts regarding resources and opportunities for study was especially  challenging. However, grounding grades in course curriculum and clearly  stated objectives permitted the teaching team to meet external  requirements while maintaining their professional and academic freedom.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Education and Professional StudiesFull Tex
A new sample of X-ray selected narrow emission-line galaxies II. Looking for True Seyfert 2

A sample of X-ray and optically selected narrow emission-line galaxies (769 sources) from the 3XMM catalogue cross-correlated with SDSS (DR9) catalogue has been studied. Narrow-emission line active galactic nuclei (AGN; type-2) have been selected on the basis of their emission line ratios and/or X-ray luminosity. We have looked for X-ray unobscured type-2 AGN. As X-ray spectra were not available for our whole sample, we have checked the reliability of using the X-ray hardness ratio (HR) as a probe of the level of obscuration and we found a very good agreement with full spectral fitting results, with only 2% of the sources with apparently unobscured HR turning out to have an obscured spectrum. Despite the fact that type-2 AGN are supposed to be absorbed based on the Unified Model, about 60% of them show no sign or very low level of X-ray obscuration. After subtraction of contaminants to the sample, that is Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 and Compton-thick AGN, the fraction of unobscured Sy2 drops to 47%. For these sources, we were able to rule out dust reddening and variability for most of them as an explanation of the absence of optical broad emission-lines. The main explanations remaining are the dilution of weak/very broad emission-lines by the host galaxy and the intrinsic absence of the broad-line region (BLR) due to low accretion rates (i.e. True Sy2). However, the number of True Sy2 strongly depends on the method used to verify the intrinsic lack of broad lines. Indeed using the optical continuum luminosity to predict the BLR properties gives a much larger fraction of True Sy2 (about 90% of the unobscured Sy2 sample) than the use of the X-ray 2 keV luminosity (about 20%). Nevertheless the number of AGN we securely detected as True Sy2 is at least three times larger that the previously confirmed number of True Sy2.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio