pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Assessing fracture risk in early stage breast cancer patients treated with aromatase-inhibitors: An enhanced screening approach incorporating trabecular bone score

AbstractIntroductionAromatase-inhibitors (AIs) are commonly used for treatment of patients with hormone-receptor positive breast carcinoma, and are known to induce bone density loss and increase the risk of fractures. The current standard-of-care screening tool for fracture risk is bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) may be used in conjunction with BMD to identify additional osteopenic patients at risk of fracture who may benefit from a bone-modifying agent (BMA). The trabecular bone score (TBS), a novel method of measuring bone microarchitecture by DXA, has been shown to be an independent indicator of increased fracture risk. We report how the addition of TBS and FRAX®, respectively, to BMD contribute to identification of elevated fracture risk (EFR) in postmenopausal breast cancer patients treated with AIs.Methods100 patients with early stage hormone-positive breast cancer treated with AIs, no prior BMAs, and with serial DXAs were identified. BMD and TBS were measured from DXA images before and following initiation of AIs, and FRAX® scores were calculated from review of clinical records. EFR was defined as either: BMD ≤−2.5 or BMD between −2.5 and −1 plus either increased risk by FRAX® or degraded microstructure by TBS.ResultsAt baseline, BMD alone identified 4% of patients with EFR. The addition of FRAX® increased detection to 13%, whereas the combination of BMD, FRAX® and TBS identified 20% of patients with EFR. Following AIs, changes in TBS were independent of changes in BMD. On follow-up DXA, BMD alone detected an additional 1 patient at EFR (1%), whereas BMD+ FRAX® identified 3 additional patients (3%), and BMD+FRAX®+TBS identified 7 additional patients (7%).ConclusionsThe combination of FRAX®, TBS, and BMD maximized the identification of patients with EFR. TBS is a novel assessment that enhances the detection of patients who may benefit from BMAs
Prevention of Knee Osteoarthritis in Overweight Females: The First Preventive Randomized Controlled Trial in Osteoarthritis

AbstractBackgroundWith accumulating knowledge on osteoarthritis development, the next step is to focus on possibilities for primary prevention.MethodsIn a 2 × 2 factorial design, the effects of a diet-and-exercise program and of oral glucosamine sulfate (double blind and placebo-controlled) on the incidence of knee osteoarthritis were evaluated in a high-risk group of 407 middle-aged women with a body mass index ≥ 27 kg/m2 without clinical signs of knee osteoarthritis at baseline (ISRCTN 42823086). Primary outcome was the incidence of knee osteoarthritis, defined as Kellgren & Lawrence grade ≥ 2, joint space narrowing of ≥ 1.0 mm, or clinical knee osteoarthritis (clinical and radiographic American College of Rheumatology criteria) after 2.5 years.ResultsAfter 2.5 years, only 10% of all subjects were lost to follow-up, and 17% of all knees showed incident knee osteoarthritis. Accounting for the significant interaction between the interventions, no significant main effect of either intervention was found. Independently, both interventions alone showed indications of reduced knee osteoarthritis incidence (odds ratio [OR] 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.21 for the diet-and-exercise program and OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.31-1.12 for the glucosamine intervention). These effects were neutralized in subjects receiving both interventions (OR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.55-1.71).ConclusionsNo significant main effects of the diet-and-exercise program and of glucosamine sulfate were found on incident knee osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, this trial provides valuable insights for future trial design for preventive osteoarthritis studies
Jet shapes in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at ALICE

AbstractThe aim of this work is to explore possible medium modifications to the substructure of inclusive charged jets in Pb-Pb relative to proton-proton collisions by measuring a set of jet shapes. The set of shapes includes the radial moment, g, and the momentum dispersion pTD. They provide complementary information on the fragmentation and can help to discriminate between two different scenarios: intra-jet broadening or collimation as a result of jet quenching. The shapes are measured in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with a constituent cutoff of 0.15 GeV/c and jet resolution R=0.2. New techniques for background subtraction are applied and a two-dimensional unfolding is performed to correct the shapes to particle level. The corrected jet shapes for jet pT 40≤pT,jet≤60 GeV/c are presented and discussed. The observed jet shape modifications suggest that the in-medium fragmentation is harder and more collimated than vacuum fragmentation as obtained by a PYTHIA calculation. The PYTHIA calculation is validated with proton-proton data at 7 TeV
CPT violating electrodynamics and Chern–Simons modified gravity

AbstractThe electrodynamics with a Chern–Simons term pμAνF˜μν violates Lorentz and CPT symmetries with a non-vanishing pμ. For a fixed vector pμ, in this Letter we point out that the energy–momentum tensor of this theory coupled to the gravity minimally is symmetric but not divergence free, which consequently makes the gravitational field equation inconsistent. To preserve the consistency, we introduce a Chern–Simons term in the gravity sector with the coefficient determined by the Lorentz and CPT violating term in the electromagnetic field. Further we study the phenomenologies of the model on the cosmic microwave background radiation and the relic gravitational waves
Crystal structure of X-prolyl aminopeptidase from Caenorhabditis elegans: A cytosolic enzyme with a di-nuclear active site

AbstractEukaryotic aminopeptidase P1 (APP1), also known as X-prolyl aminopeptidase (XPNPEP1) in human tissues, is a cytosolic exopeptidase that preferentially removes amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides possessing a penultimate N-terminal proline residue. The enzyme has an important role in the catabolism of proline containing peptides since peptide bonds adjacent to the imino acid proline are resistant to cleavage by most peptidases. We show that recombinant and catalytically active Caenorhabditis elegans APP-1 is a dimer that uses dinuclear zinc at the active site and, for the first time, we provide structural information for a eukaryotic APP-1 in complex with the inhibitor, apstatin. Our analysis reveals that C. elegans APP-1 shares similar mode of substrate binding and a common catalytic mechanism with other known X-prolyl aminopeptidases
Large direct CP violation in B0→π+π− and an enhanced branching ratio for B0→π0π0

AbstractRecent measurements of B0→ππ decays reveal two features that are in conflict with conventional calculations: the channel B0(B̄0)→π+π− shows a large direct CP-violating asymmetry, and the channel B0(B̄0)→π0π0 has an unexpectedly high branching ratio. We show that both features can be understood in terms of strong-interaction mixing of ππ and DD̄ channels in the isospin-zero state, an effect that is important because of the large experimentally observed ratio Γ(B0/B̄0→D+D−)/Γ(B0/B̄0→π+π−)≈50. Our dynamical model correlates the branching ratios and the CP-violating parameters C and S, for the decays B0(B̄0)→π+π−, B0(B̄0)→π0π0, B0(B̄0)→D+D− and B0(B̄0)→D0D̄0
Pseudo-Newtonian potential for charged particle in Kerr–Newman geometry

AbstractWe consider the equatorial circular motion of a test particle of specific charge q≪m in the Kerr–Newman geometry of a rotating charged black hole. We find the particle's conserved energy and conserved projection of the angular momentum on the black hole's axis of rotation as corrections, in leading order of q/m, to the corresponding energy and angular momentum of a neutral particle. We determine the centripetal force acting on the test particle and, consequently, we find a classical pseudo-Newtonian potential with which one can mimic this general relativistic problem
Strontium isotope evidence of early Funnel Beaker Culture movement of cattle

AbstractThe movement of livestock across and within landscapes is increasingly being recognized as common in northern European prehistoric contexts, and was performed for various purposes. However, almost nothing is known about the movement of livestock in the earliest phase of the southern Scandinavian Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (ENI, TRB, 4000–3500cal BC), or even if such movement is indicated. In this study, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) teeth from the early Neolithic sites Almhov, Sweden (N=6) and Havnelev, Denmark (N=7) were analyzed in order to determine the presence and character of potential livestock movement in this period. Tooth enamel strontium isotope analyses indicated a range of variation in local origin of the animals: some probably local and some non-local. Importantly, both sites yielded an individual exhibiting strontium isotope ratios indicating movement from elsewhere and over a body of water via boat. Although based on a small number of cattle, the movement of livestock is indicated in the earliest Neolithic in the region and provides evidence of social, economic, or other connections over substantial distances
Geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris decreases the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception by inhibiting the production of IL-1β and TNF-α

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceThe pharmacological activity of geopropolis collected by stingless bees (important and threatened pollinators), a product widely used in folk medicine by several communities in Brazil, especially in the Northeast Region, needs to be studied.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of Melipona scutellaris geopropolis (stingless bee) using different models of nociception.Material and methodsThe antinociceptive activity of the ethanolic extract of geopropolis (EEGP) and fractions was evaluated using writhing induced by acetic acid, formalin test, carrageenan-induced hypernociception, and quantification of IL-1β and TNF-α. The chemical composition was assessed by quantification of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds.ResultsEEGP and its hexane and aqueous fractions showed antinociceptive activity. Both EEGP and its aqueous fraction presented activity in the mechanical inflammatory hypernociception induced by the carrageenan model, an effect mediated by the inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α. The chemical composition of EEGP and its hexane and aqueous fractions showed a significant presence of phenolic compounds and absence of flavonoids.ConclusionOur data indicate that geopropolis is a natural source of bioactive substances with promising antinociceptive activity
Effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 on arterial and cardiac remodelling in a hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that the expression of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme that catalyses formation of the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, is increased in lungs from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, Sk1−/− mice are protected from hypoxic-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, we assessed the effect of the sphingosine kinase 1 selective inhibitor, PF-543 and a sphingosine kinase 1/ceramide synthase inhibitor, RB-005 on pulmonary and cardiac remodelling in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Administration of the potent sphingosine kinase 1 inhibitor, PF-543 in a mouse hypoxic model of pulmonary hypertension had no effect on vascular remodelling but reduced right ventricular hypertrophy. The latter was associated with a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte death. The protection involves a reduction in the expression of p53 (that promotes cardiomyocyte death) and an increase in the expression of anti-oxidant nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf-2). In contrast, RB-005 lacked effects on right ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting that sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition might be nullified by concurrent inhibition of ceramide synthase. Therefore, our findings with PF-543 suggest an important role for sphingosine kinase 1 in the development of hypertrophy in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Top-quark production in proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions at LHC energies and beyond

AbstractSingle and pair top-quark production in proton–lead (p–Pb) and lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC) energies, are studied with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations including nuclear parton distribution functions. At the LHC, the pair-production cross sections amount to σtt¯=3.4 μb in Pb–Pb at sNN=5.5 TeV, and σtt¯=60 nb in p–Pb at sNN=8.8 TeV. At the FCC energies of sNN=39 and 63 TeV, the same cross sections are factors of 90 and 55 times larger respectively. In the leptonic final-state tt¯→W+bW−b¯→bb¯ℓℓνν with ℓ=e±,μ±, after typical acceptance and efficiency cuts, one expects about 90 and 300 top-quarks per nominal LHC-year and 4.7⋅104 and 105 per FCC-year in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions respectively. The total tt¯ cross sections, dominated by gluon fusion processes, are enhanced by 3–8% in nuclear compared to p–p collisions due to an overall net gluon antishadowing, although different regions of their differential distributions are depleted due to shadowing or EMC-effect corrections. The rapidity distributions of the decay leptons in tt¯ processes can be used to reduce the uncertainty on the Pb gluon density at high virtualities by up to 30% at the LHC (full heavy-ion programme), and by 70% per FCC-year. The cross sections for single-top production in electroweak processes are also computed, yielding about a factor of 30 smaller number of measurable top-quarks after cuts, per system and per year
Optimized and validated spectrophotometric methods for the determination of levocetirizine in pharmaceuticals based on charge transfer reaction

AbstractThree rapid, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been proposed for the quantitative determination of levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCT) in pure form as well as in its pharmaceutical formulation. The methods are based on the charge transfer complexation reaction of LCT as n-electron donor with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), picric acid (PA) as π-acceptors and iodine (I2) as σ-acceptor to give highly colored radical anion species. The colored products were quantified spectrophotometrically at 420nm with both DNP (method A) and PA (method B) and at 375nm with I2 (method C). Under the optimized experimental conditions, Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 1.2–24, 1.6–32 and 2.4–48μgmL−1 LCZ for method A, method B and method C, respectively. The values of molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, limits of detection and quantification are also reported. The effect of reaction medium, reaction time and reagent concentration on the sensitivity and stability of the complexes formed has been examined. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of LCT in pure form and commercial tablets and in syrup with good accuracy and precision. Statistical comparison of the results was performed using Student’s t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level and the results showed no significant difference between the reference and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision. Further to the accuracy and reliability the methods were confirmed by recovery studies via the standard addition technique
Vortex correlation functions in Maxwell–Chern–Simons models

AbstractMaxwell–Chern–Simons models in the presence of an instanton–anti-instanton background are studied. The saddle-point configuration corresponds to the creation and annihilation of a vortex localized around the Dirac string needed to support the nontrivial background.This configuration is generalized to the case in which a nonlocal Maxwell term is allowed in order to fulfill the finite action requirement.Following 't Hooft procedure, we compute the vortex correlation functions and we study the possibility of obtaining spin 1/2 excitations. A possible connection with the bosonization of interacting three-dimensional massive fermionic systems is also discussed
10Be in the Akademii Nauk ice core – first results for CE 1590‒1950 and future sampling strategy for validation of ice-core chronology

Temporal variations of the radionuclide 10Be are broadly synchronous across the globe and\ud
thus provide a powerful tool to synchronize ice core chronologies from different locations. We compared\ud
the 10Be record of the Akademii Nauk (AN) ice core (Russian Arctic) for the time period CE\ud
1590–1950 to the 10Be records of two well-dated Greenland ice cores (Dye3 and NGRIP). A high correlation\ud
(r = 0.59) was found between the AN and Dye3 records whereas the correlation with NGRIP\ud
was distinctly lower (r = 0.45). Sources of deviations may include local fluctuations in the deposition\ud
of 10Be due to changes in the precipitation patterns, and artefacts due to the core-sampling strategy.\ud
In general, the existing age model was validated, confirming the AN ice core to be a unique and welldated\ud
source of palaeoclimate parameters for the Russian Arctic. We further used numerical simulations\ud
to test the influence of the core-sampling strategy on the results and derived an optimized sampling\ud
strategy for the deeper parts of the ice core
Scrutinizing the η-η ′ mixing, masses and pseudoscalar decay constants in the framework of U(3) chiral effective field theory

Journal of High Energy Physics 2015.06 (2015): 175 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)We study the η-η′ mixing up to next-to-next-to-leading-order in U(3) chiral perturbation theory in the light of recent lattice simulations and phenomenological inputs. A general treatment for the η-η′ mixing at higher orders, with the higher-derivative, kinematic and mass mixing terms, is addressed. The connections between the four mixing parameters in the two-mixing-angle scheme and the low energy constants in the U(3) chiral effective theory are provided both for the singlet-octet and the quark-flavor bases. The axial-vector decay constants of pion and kaon are studied in the same order and confronted with the lattice simulation data as well. The quark-mass dependences of mη, mη ′ and mK are found to be well described at next-to-leading order. Nonetheless, in order to simultaneously describe the lattice data and phenomenological determinations for the properties of light pseudoscalars π, K, η and η′, the next-to-next-to-leading order study is essential. Furthermore, the lattice and phenomenological inputs are well reproduced for reasonable values of low the energy constants, compatible with previous bibliographyThis work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No. 11105038, the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province with contract No. A2015205205, the grants from the Education Department of Hebei Province under contract No. YQ2014034, the grants from the Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Hebei Province with contract No. C201400323, and the Doctor Foundation of Hebei Normal University under Contract No. L2010B04, the Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Commission (ERDF) [FPA2010-17747, FPA2013-44773-P, FPA2013-40483-P, SEV-2012-0249 (Severo Ochoa Program), CSD2007-00042 (Consolider Project CPAN)], the grants with contract No. FIS2014-57026-REDT from MINECO (Spain), and EPOS network of the European Community Research Infrastructure Integrating Activity “Study of Strongly Interacting Matter” (HadronPhysics3, Grant No. 283286
Measurement of the ZZ production cross section in proton-proton collisions at s√=8 TeV using the ZZ → ℓ−ℓ+ℓ′−ℓ′+ and ZZ → ℓ−ℓ+νν¯ decay channels with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the ZZ production cross section in the ℓ−ℓ+ℓ′ −ℓ′ + and ℓ−ℓ+νν¯ channels (ℓ = e, μ) in proton-proton collisions at s√=8TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 is presented. The fiducial cross sections for ZZ → ℓ−ℓ+ℓ′ −ℓ′ + and ZZ→ℓ−ℓ+νν¯ are measured in selected phase-space regions. The total cross section for ZZ events produced with both Z bosons in the mass range 66 to 116 GeV is measured from the combination of the two channels to be 7.3 ± 0.4(stat) ± 0.3(syst)− 0.1− 0.2(lumi) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of 6. 6− 0.6+ 0.7 pb. The differential cross sections in bins of various kinematic variables are presented. The differential event yield as a function of the transverse momentum of the leading Z boson is used to set limits on anomalous neutral triple gauge boson couplings in ZZ production
Search for neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar particles in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8TeV

A search for pair production of neutral color-octet weak-triplet scalar particles (Θ0) is performed in processes where one Θ0 decays to a pair of b quark jets and the other to a Z boson plus a jet, with the Z boson decaying to a pair of electrons or muons. The search is performed with data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at √s = 8TeV. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model predictions. The 95% confidence level upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction is obtained as a function of the Θ0 mass. The 95% confidence level lower bounds on the Θ0 mass are found to be 623 and 426 GeV, for two different octo-triplet theoretical scenarios. These are the first direct experimental bounds on particles predicted by the octo-triplet model. © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Improving patient privacy and confidentiality in one regional Emergency Department – a quality project

Background: Patient privacy and confidentiality (PPaC) is an important consideration for nurses and other members of the health care team. Can a patient expect to have confidentiality and in particular privacy in the current climate of emergency health care? Do staff who work in the Emergency Department (ED) see confidentiality as an important factor when providing emergency care? These questions are important to consider.\ud
\ud
Methods: This is a two phased quality improvement project, developed and implemented over a six month period in a busy regional, tertiary referral ED.\ud
 \ud
Results: Issues identified for this department included department design and layout, overcrowding due to patient flow and access block, staff practices and department policies which were also impacted upon by culture of the team, and use of space. \ud
\ud
Conclusions: Changes successful in improving this issue include increased staff awareness about PPaC, intercom paging prior to nursing handover to remove visitors during handover, one visitor per patient policy, designated places for handover, allocated bed space for patient reviews/assessment and a strategy to temporarily move the patient if procedures would have been undertaken in shared bed space. These are important issues when considering policy, practice and department design in the ED
Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and b jets in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV

A search for new physics is performed using events with isolated same-sign leptons and at least two bottom-quark jets in the final state. Results are based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 10.5 fb−1. No excess above the standard model background is observed. Upper limits are set on the number of events from non-standard-model sources and are used to constrain a number of new physics models. Information on acceptance and efficiencies is also provided so that the results can be used to confront an even broader class of new physics models