pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Search for standard model production of four top quarks in proton-proton
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for events containing four top quarks (ttbar-ttbar) is reported from
proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV and
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 inverse femtobarns. The
analysis considers the single-lepton (e or mu)+jets and the opposite-sign
dilepton (mu+mu-, mu+/- e-/+, or e+e-)+jets channels. It uses boosted decision
trees to combine information on the global event and jet properties to
distinguish between ttbar-ttbar and ttbar production. The number of events
observed after all selection requirements is consistent with expectations from
background and standard model signal predictions, and an upper limit is set on
the cross section for ttbar-ttbar production in the standard model of 94 fb at
95% confidence level (10.2 times the prediction), with an expected limit of 118
fb. This is combined with the results from the published CMS search in the
same-sign dilepton channel, resulting in an improved limit of 69 fb at 95%
confidence level (7.4 times the prediction), with an expected limit of 71 fb.
These are the strongest constraints on the rate of ttbar-ttbar production to
date.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplemental figures
  and tables, can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-16-01
Spectral type, temperature, and evolutionary stage in cool supergiants

Context. In recent years, our understanding of red supergiants has been questioned by strong disagreements between stellar atmospheric parameters derived with different techniques. Temperature scales have been disputed, and the possibility that spectral types do not depend primarily on temperature has been raised. Aims. We explore the relations between different observed parameters, and we explore the ability to derive accurate intrinsic stellar parameters from these relations through the analysis of the largest spectroscopic sample of red supergiants to date. Methods. We obtained intermediate-resolution spectra of a sample of about 500 red supergiants in the Large and the Small Magellanic Cloud. From these spectra, we derive spectral types and measure a large set of photospheric atomic lines. We explore possible correlations between different observational parameters, also making use of near- and mid-infrared colours and literature on photometric variability. Results. Direct comparison between the behaviour of atomic lines (Fe i, Ti i, and Ca ii) in the observed spectra and a comprehensive set of synthetic atmospheric models provides compelling evidence that effective temperature is the prime underlying variable driving the spectral-type sequence between early G and M2 for supergiants. In spite of this, there is a clear correlation between spectral type and luminosity, with later spectral types tending to correspond to more luminous stars with heavier mass loss. This trend is much more marked in the LMC than in the SMC. The population of red supergiants in the SMC is characterised by a higher degree of spectral variability, early spectral types (centred on type K1) and low mass-loss rates (as measured by dust-sensitive mid-infrared colours). The population in the LMC displays less spectroscopic variability and later spectral types. The distribution of spectral types is not single-peaked. Instead, the brightest supergiants have a significantly different distribution from less luminous objects, presenting mostly M subtypes (centred on M2), and increasing mass-loss rates for later types. In this regard, the behaviour of red supergiants in the LMC is not very different from that of Milky Way objects. Conclusions. The observed properties of red supergiants in the SMC and the LMC cannot be described correctly by standard evolutionary models. The very strong correlation between spectral type and bolometric luminosity, supported by all data from the Milky Way, cannot be reproduced at all by current evolutionary tracks.The observations have been partially supported by the OPTICON project (observing proposals 2010B/01, 2011A/014 and 2012A/015), which is funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7). This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Mineco) under grants AYA2012-39 364-C02-02, and FPI BES-2011-049345. The work reported on in this publication has been partially supported by the European Science Foundation (ESF), in the framework of the GREAT Research Networking Programme
Headache impairs attentional performance: a conceptual replication and extension

This paper was accepted for publication in the journal The Journal of Pain and the definitive published version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2016.09.007Pain is thought to capture our attention. A consequence is that our performance on other tasks may suffer. Research has supported this, showing that pain disrupts our ability to perform various attention tasks. However, the specific nature of the effect of pain on attention is inconsistent, possibly due to different studies investigating different types of pain. Few studies seek to replicate basic findings. Here, we conceptually replicated and extended the headache study by Moore, Keogh & Eccleston (2013), by including two additional attention tasks, a broader sample, and measures of affect and pain cognitions. Participants performed five complex attention tasks and a choice reaction time task with and without a naturally-occurring headache. Headache slowed reaction times to four of the five complex tasks, and this could be attributed to a slower basic processing speed as measured by the choice reaction time task. Our findings differ from those of Moore et al’s headache study, suggesting that the effect of pain on attention is dynamic, even within a given type of pain. While there is growing evidence that pain does disrupt attention, we cannot yet predict the specific nature of disruption in any given case
Search for flavour-changing neutral current top quark decays t→Hq  in pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for flavour-changing neutral current decays of a top quark to an up-type quark (q=u,c ) and the Standard Model Higgs boson, where the Higgs boson decays to bb ¯ , is presented. The analysis searches for top quark pair events in which one top quark decays to Wb , with the W  boson decaying leptonically, and the other top quark decays to Hq . The search is based on pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and uses an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon and at least four jets. The search exploits the high multiplicity of b -quark jets characteristic of signal events, and employs a likelihood discriminant that uses the kinematic differences between the signal and the background, which is dominated by tt ¯ →WbWb  decays. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is found, and observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits of 0.56% (0.42%) and 0.61% (0.64%) are derived for the t→Hc  and t→Hu  branching ratios respectively. The combination of this search with other ATLAS searches in the H→γγ  and H→WW ∗ ,ττ  decay modes significantly improves the sensitivity, yielding observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits on the t→Hc  and t→Hu  branching ratios of 0.46% (0.25%) and 0.45% (0.29%) respectively. The corresponding combined observed (expected) upper limits on the |λ tcH |  and |λ tuH |  couplings are 0.13 (0.10) and 0.13 (0.10) respectively. These are the most restrictive direct bounds on tqH  interactions measured so far
Search for the Xb and other hidden-beauty states in the π⁺ π⁻ Υ(1S)  channel at ATLAS

This Letter presents a search for a hidden-beauty counterpart of the X(3872)  in the mass ranges 10.05--10.31 GeV and 10.40--11.00 GeV, in the channel X b →π + π − Υ(1S)(→μ + μ − ) , using 16.2 fb⁻¹ of √s=8  TeV pp  collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No evidence for new narrow states is found, and upper limits are set on the product of the X b   cross section and branching fraction, relative to those of the Υ(2S) , at the 95% confidence level using the CL S   approach. These limits range from 0.8% to 4.0%, depending on mass. For masses above 10.1 GeV, the expected upper limits from this analysis are the most restrictive to date. Searches for production of the Υ(1 3 D  J ) , Υ(10860) , and Υ(11020)  states also reveal no significant signals
Search for Zc+(3900) in the 1+− channel on the lattice

AbstractRecently three experiments reported a discovery of manifestly exotic Zc+(3900) in the decay to J/ψπ+, while J and P are experimentally unknown. We search for this state on the lattice by simulating the channel with JPC=1+− and I=1, and we do not find a candidate for Zc+(3900). Instead, we only find discrete scattering states DD¯⁎ and J/ψπ, which inevitably have to be present in a dynamical QCD. The possible reasons for not finding Zc+ may be that its quantum numbers are not 1+− or that the employed interpolating fields are not diverse enough. Simulations with additional types of interpolators will be needed to reach a more definite conclusion
The low lying scalar resonances in the D0 decays into Ks0 and f0(500), f0(980), a0(980)

AbstractThe D0 decay into Ks0 and a scalar resonance, f0(500), f0(980), a0(980), are studied obtaining the scalar resonances from final state interaction of a pair of mesons produced in a first step in the D0 decay into Ks0 and the pair of pseudoscalar mesons. This weak decay is very appropriate for this kind of study because it allows to produce the three resonances in the same decay in a process that is Cabibbo-allowed, hence the rates obtained are large compared to those of B¯0 decays into J/ψ and a scalar meson that have at least one Cabibbo-suppressed vertex. Concretely the a0(980) production is Cabibbo-allowed here, while it cannot be seen in the B¯s0 decay into J/ψa0(980) and is doubly Cabibbo-suppressed in the B¯0 decay into J/ψa0(980) and has not been identified there. The fact that the three resonances can be seen in the same reaction, because there is no isospin conservation in the weak decays, offers a unique opportunity to test the ideas of the chiral unitary approach where these resonances are produced from the interaction of pairs of pseudoscalar mesons
Single-inclusive jet production in electron–nucleon collisions through next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD

AbstractWe compute the O(α2αs2) perturbative corrections to inclusive jet production in electron–nucleon collisions. This process is of particular interest to the physics program of a future Electron Ion Collider (EIC). We include all relevant partonic processes, including deep-inelastic scattering contributions, photon-initiated corrections, and parton–parton scattering terms that first appear at this order. Upon integration over the final-state hadronic phase space we validate our results for the deep-inelastic corrections against the known next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) structure functions. Our calculation uses the N-jettiness subtraction scheme for performing higher-order computations, and allows for a completely differential description of the deep-inelastic scattering process. We describe the application of this method to inclusive jet production in detail, and present phenomenological results for the proposed EIC. The NNLO corrections have a non-trivial dependence on the jet kinematics and arise from an intricate interplay between all contributing partonic channels
Measurement of the ratio B(Bs0→J/ψf0(980))/B(Bs0→J/ψϕ(1020)) in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA measurement of the ratio of the branching fractions of the Bs0 meson to J/ψf0(980) and to J/ψϕ(1020) is presented. The J/ψ, f0(980), and ϕ(1020) are observed through their decays to μ+μ−, π+π−, and K+K−, respectively. The f0 and the ϕ are identified by requiring |Mπ+π−−974 MeV|<50 MeV and |MK+K−−1020 MeV|<10 MeV. The analysis is based on a data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb−1. The measured ratio is B(Bs0→J/ψf0)B(f0→π+π−)B(Bs0→J/ψϕ)B(ϕ→K+K−)=0.140±0.008(stat)±0.023(syst), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic
Cytotoxic responses to 405nm light exposure in mammalian and bacterial cells: Involvement of reactive oxygen species

AbstractLight at wavelength 405nm is an effective bactericide. Previous studies showed that exposing mammalian cells to 405nm light at 36J/cm2 (a bactericidal dose) had no significant effect on normal cell function, although at higher doses (54J/cm2), mammalian cell death became evident. This research demonstrates that mammalian and bacterial cell toxicity induced by 405nm light exposure is accompanied by reactive oxygen species production, as detected by generation of fluorescence from 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. As indicators of the resulting oxidative stress in mammalian cells, a decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione content and a corresponding increase in the efflux of oxidised glutathione were observed from 405nm light treated cells. The mammalian cells were significantly protected from dying at 54J/cm2 in the presence of catalase, which detoxifies H2O2. Bacterial cells were significantly protected by sodium pyruvate (H2O2 scavenger) and by a combination of free radical scavengers (sodium pyruvate, dimethyl thiourea (OH scavenger) and catalase) at 162 and 324J/cm2. Results therefore suggested that the cytotoxic mechanism of 405nm light in mammalian cells and bacteria could be oxidative stress involving predominantly H2O2 generation, with other ROS contributing to the damage
Oscillation of Fourier transforms and Markov–Bernstein inequalities

AbstractUnder certain conditions on an integrable function P having a real-valued Fourier transform P^ and such that P(0)=0, we obtain an estimate which describes the oscillation of P^ in [-C∥P′∥∞/∥P∥∞,C∥P′∥∞/∥P∥∞], where C is an absolute constant, independent of P. Given λ>0 and an integrable function φ with a non-negative Fourier transform, this estimate allows us to construct a finite linear combination Pλ of the translates φ(·+kλ),k∈Z, such that ∥Pλ′∥∞>c∥Pλ∥∞/λ with another absolute constant c>0. In particular, our construction proves the sharpness of an inequality of Mhaskar for Gaussian networks
Assessing the impact of diagenesis on δ11B, δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca values in fossil planktic foraminiferal calcite

AbstractThe geochemical composition of foraminiferal tests is a valuable archive for the reconstruction of paleo-climatic, -oceanographic and -ecological changes. However, dissolution of biogenic calcite and precipitation of inorganic calcite (overgrowth and recrystallization) at the seafloor and in the sediment column can potentially alter the original geochemical composition of the foraminiferal test, biasing any resulting paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The δ11B of planktic foraminiferal calcite is a promising ocean pH-proxy but the effect of diagenesis is still poorly known. Here we present new δ11B, δ13C, δ18O, Sr/Ca and B/Ca data from multiple species of planktic foraminifera from time-equivalent samples for two low latitude sites: clay-rich Tanzanian Drilling Project (TDP) Site 18 from the Indian Ocean containing well-preserved (‘glassy’) foraminifera and carbonate-rich Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 865 from the central Pacific Ocean hosting recrystallized (‘frosty’) foraminifera. Our approach makes the assumption that environmental conditions were initially similar at both sites so most chemical differences are attributable to diagenesis. Planktic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C records show offsets in both relative and absolute values between the two sites consistent with earlier findings that these isotopic ratios are strongly influenced by diagenetic alteration. Sr/Ca and B/Ca ratios in planktic foraminiferal calcite are also offset between the two sites but there is little change in the relative difference between surface and deep dwelling taxa. In contrast, δ11B values indicate no large differences between well-preserved and recrystallized foraminifera suggesting that despite extensive diagenetic alteration the δ11B of biogenic calcite appears robust, potentially indicative of a lack of free exchange of boron between pore fluids and the recrystallizing CaCO3. Our finding may remove one potential source of uncertainty in δ11B based pH reconstructions and provide us with greater confidence in our ability to reconstruct pH in the ancient oceans from at least some recrystallized foraminiferal calcite. However, further investigations should extend this approach to test the robustness of our findings across a range of taphonomies, ages and burial settings
Re-visiting crash–speed relationships: A new perspective in crash modelling

AbstractAlthough speed is considered to be one of the main crash contributory factors, research findings are inconsistent. Independent of the robustness of their statistical approaches, crash frequency models typically employ crash data that are aggregated using spatial criteria (e.g., crash counts by link termed as a link-based approach). In this approach, the variability in crashes between links is explained by highly aggregated average measures that may be inappropriate, especially for time-varying variables such as speed and volume. This paper re-examines crash–speed relationships by creating a new crash data aggregation approach that enables improved representation of the road conditions just before crash occurrences. Crashes are aggregated according to the similarity of their pre-crash traffic and geometric conditions, forming an alternative crash count dataset termed as a condition-based approach. Crash–speed relationships are separately developed and compared for both approaches by employing the annual crashes that occurred on the Strategic Road Network of England in 2012. The datasets are modelled by injury severity using multivariate Poisson lognormal regression, with multivariate spatial effects for the link-based model, using a full Bayesian inference approach. The results of the condition-based approach show that high speeds trigger crash frequency. The outcome of the link-based model is the opposite; suggesting that the speed–crash relationship is negative regardless of crash severity. The differences between the results imply that data aggregation is a crucial, yet so far overlooked, methodological element of crash data analyses that may have direct impact on the modelling outcomes
The chicken B-cell line DT40 proteome, beadome and interactomes

AbstractIn developing a new quantitative AP-MS method for exploring interactomes in the chicken B-cell line DT40, we also surveyed the most abundant proteins in this organism and explored the likely contaminants that bind to a variety of affinity resins that would later be confirmed quantitatively [1]. We present the ‘Top 150 abundant DT40 proteins list’, the DT40 beadomes as well as protein interaction lists for the Phosphatidyl inositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase 2β and Fanconi anaemia protein complexes
Single-neutron orbits near 78Ni: Spectroscopy of the N=49 isotope 79Zn

AbstractSingle-neutron states in the Z=30, N=49 isotope 79Zn have been populated using the 78Zn(d, p)79Zn transfer reaction at REX-ISOLDE, CERN. The experimental setup allowed the combined detection of protons ejected in the reaction, and of γ rays emitted by 79Zn. The analysis reveals that the lowest excited states populated in the reaction lie at approximately 1 MeV of excitation, and involve neutron orbits above the N=50 shell gap. From the analysis of γ-ray data and of proton angular distributions, characteristic of the amount of angular momentum transferred, a 5/2+ configuration was assigned to a state at 983 keV. Comparison with large-scale-shell-model calculations supports a robust neutron N=50 shell-closure for 78Ni. These data constitute an important step towards the understanding of the magicity of 78Ni and of the structure of nuclei in the region
Increased nuclear suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in asthmatic bronchial epithelium suppresses rhinovirus induction of innate interferons

BackgroundRhinovirus infections are the dominant cause of asthma exacerbations, and deficient virus induction of IFN-α/β/λ in asthmatic patients is important in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Mechanisms causing this interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients are unknown.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 in tissues from asthmatic patients and its possible role in impaired virus-induced interferon induction in these patients.MethodsWe assessed SOCS1 mRNA and protein levels in vitro, bronchial biopsy specimens, and mice. The role of SOCS1 was inferred by proof-of-concept studies using overexpression with reporter genes and SOCS1-deficient mice. A nuclear role of SOCS1 was shown by using bronchial biopsy staining, overexpression of mutant SOCS1 constructs, and confocal microscopy. SOCS1 levels were also correlated with asthma-related clinical outcomes.ResultsWe report induction of SOCS1 in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) by asthma exacerbation–related cytokines and by rhinovirus infection in vitro. We found that SOCS1 was increased in vivo in bronchial epithelium and related to asthma severity. SOCS1 expression was also increased in primary BECs from asthmatic patients ex vivo and was related to interferon deficiency and increased viral replication. In primary human epithelium, mouse lung macrophages, and SOCS1-deficient mice, SOCS1 suppressed rhinovirus induction of interferons. Suppression of virus-induced interferon levels was dependent on SOCS1 nuclear translocation but independent of proteasomal degradation of transcription factors. Nuclear SOCS1 levels were also increased in BECs from asthmatic patients.ConclusionWe describe a novel mechanism explaining interferon deficiency in asthmatic patients through a novel nuclear function of SOCS1 and identify SOCS1 as an important therapeutic target for asthma exacerbations
On horizontal Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg and p-sub-Laplacian inequalities on stratified groups

AbstractIn this paper, we present a version of horizontal weighted Hardy–Rellich type and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg type inequalities on stratified groups and study some of their consequences. Our results reflect on many results previously known in special cases. Moreover, a new simple proof of the Badiale–Tarantello conjecture [2] on the best constant of a Hardy type inequality is provided. We also show a family of Poincaré inequalities as well as inequalities involving the weighted and unweighted p-sub-Laplacians
CURVACE – CURVed Artificial Compound Eyes

AbstractCURVACE aims at designing, developing, and assessing CURVed Artificial Compound Eyes, a radically novel family of vision systems. This innovative approach will provide more efficient visual abilities for embedded applications that require motion analysis in low-power and small packages. Compared to conventional cameras, artificial compound eyes will offer a much larger field of view with negligible distortion and exceptionally high temporal resolution in smaller size and weight that will fit the requirements of a wide range of applications