pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A note on the equilibria of an economic model with local competition “à la Cournot”

AbstractGuirao and Rubio (2010) [12] introduce an economic model, which generalizes the classical duopoly of Cournot type, where the competitors are located around a circle or a line and each firm competes “à la Cournot” with its right and left neighboring. For the case of having three and four players, we describe completely the bifurcations of equilibria in terms of the production costs of each firm and we study the stability of them. Moreover, for the case of four players we provide some information on the two-periodic orbits of the system
New and improved infra-red absorption cross sections and ACE-FTS retrievals of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)

AbstractCarbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the species regulated by the Montreal Protocol on account of its ability to deplete stratospheric ozone. As such, the inconsistency between observations of its abundance and estimated sources and sinks is an important problem requiring urgent attention (Carpenter et al., 2014) [5]. Satellite remote-sensing has a role to play, particularly limb sounders which can provide vertical profiles into the stratosphere and therefore validate stratospheric loss rates in atmospheric models.This work is in two parts. The first describes new and improved high-resolution infra-red absorption cross sections of carbon tetrachloride/dry synthetic air over the spectral range 700–860cm−1 for a range of temperatures and pressures (7.5–760Torr and 208–296K) appropriate for atmospheric conditions. This new cross-section dataset improves upon the one currently available in the HITRAN and GEISA databases. The second describes a new, preliminary ACE-FTS carbon tetrachloride retrieval that improves upon the v3.0/v3.5 data products, which are biased high by up to ~20–30% relative to ground measurements. Making use of the new spectroscopic data, this retrieval also improves the microwindow selection, contains additional interfering species, and utilises a new instrumental lineshape; it will form the basis for the upcoming v4.0 CCl4 data product
Prudent diet may attenuate the adverse effects of Western diet on cognitive decline

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of mixed dietary patterns on cognitive changes is unknown.MethodsA total of 2223 dementia-free participants aged ≥60 were followed up for 6 years to examine the impact of dietary patterns on cognitive decline. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was administered. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. By factor analysis, Western and prudent dietary patterns emerged. Mixed-effect models for longitudinal data with repeated measurements were used.ResultsCompared with the lowest adherence to each pattern, the highest adherence to prudent pattern was related to less MMSE decline (β = 0.106, P = .011), whereas the highest adherence to Western pattern was associated with more MMSE decline (β = −0.156, P < .001). The decline associated with Western diet was attenuated when accompanied by high adherence to prudent pattern.DiscussionHigh adherence to prudent diet may diminish the adverse effects of high adherence to Western diet on cognitive decline
Constraints on the Higgs boson width from off-shell production and decay to Z-boson pairs

AbstractConstraints are presented on the total width of the recently discovered Higgs boson, ΓH, using its relative on-shell and off-shell production and decay rates to a pair of Z bosons, where one Z boson decays to an electron or muon pair, and the other to an electron, muon, or neutrino pair. The analysis is based on the data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 fb−1 at a center-of-mass energy s=7 TeV and 19.7 fb−1 at s=8 TeV. A simultaneous maximum likelihood fit to the measured kinematic distributions near the resonance peak and above the Z-boson pair production threshold leads to an upper limit on the Higgs boson width of ΓH<22 MeV at a 95% confidence level, which is 5.4 times the expected value in the standard model at the measured mass of mH=125.6 GeV
Bcl10 Links Saturated Fat Overnutrition with Hepatocellular NF-κB Activation and Insulin Resistance

SummaryExcess serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are fundamental to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. With high-fat feeding, FFAs activate NF-κB in target tissues, initiating negative crosstalk with insulin signaling. However, the mechanisms underlying FFA-dependent NF-κB activation remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the saturated FA, palmitate, requires Bcl10 for NF-κB activation in hepatocytes. Uptake of palmitate, metabolism to diacylglycerol, and subsequent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) appear to mechanistically link palmitate with Bcl10, known as a central component of a signaling complex that, along with CARMA3 and MALT1, activates NF-κB downstream of selected cell surface receptors. Consequently, Bcl10-deficient mice are protected from hepatic NF-κB activation and insulin resistance following brief high-fat diet, suggesting that Bcl10 plays a major role in the metabolic consequences of acute overnutrition. Surprisingly, while CARMA3 also participates in the palmitate response, MALT1 is completely dispensable, thereby revealing an apparent nonclassical role for Bcl10 in NF-κB signaling
A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

AbstractA robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1a. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community
Safety of prasugrel in real-world patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: 1-year results from a prospective observational study (Bleeding and Myocardial Infarction Study)

SummaryBackgroundAntiplatelet therapies, including prasugrel, are a cornerstone in the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but are associated with a bleeding risk. This risk has been evaluated in randomized trials, but few data on real-world patients are available.AimTo evaluate prasugrel safety in real-world patients with STEMI.MethodsConsecutive patients with STEMI were recruited over 1 year. Follow-up was done at 3 months and 1 year to evaluate prasugrel safety from hospital discharge to the STEMI anniversary date. The primary outcome was occurrence of any major bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3 or 5 definitions, or minor bleeding according to the BARC 2 definition.ResultsOverall, 1083 patients were recruited. Compared to patients treated with aspirin+clopidogrel, patients treated with aspirin+prasugrel had fewer BARC 3 or 5 bleedings (two [0.4%] patients vs. nine [1.8%] patients; P=0.04), but more BARC 2 bleedings (45 [9.3%] patients vs. 20 [4.0%] patients; P<0.001). The baseline characteristics of prasugrel- and clopidogrel-treated patients differed because the former were carefully selected (younger, higher body mass index, less frequent history of stroke). In the overall population, rates of in-hospital and out-of-hospital major bleeding were 2.6% (n=28) and 1.3% (n=13), respectively.ConclusionThe rate of major bleeding, particularly out-of-hospital bleeding, in patients treated with prasugrel is low within 1 year after a STEMI. Accurate selection of patient candidates for prasugrel is likely to have reduced the risk of bleeding
Probing anomalous couplings using di-Higgs production in electron–proton collisions

AbstractA proposed high energy Future Circular Hadron-Electron Collider would provide sufficient energy in a clean environment to probe di-Higgs production. Using this channel we show that the azimuthal angle correlation between the missing transverse energy and the forward jet is a very good probe for the non-standard hhh and hhWW couplings. We give the exclusion limits on these couplings as a function of integrated luminosity at a 95% C.L. using the fiducial cross sections. With appropriate error fitting methodology we find that the Higgs boson self coupling could be measured to be ghhh(1)=1.00−0.17(0.12)+0.24(0.14) of its expected Standard Model value at s=3.5(5.0) TeV for an ultimate 10 ab−1 of integrated luminosity
Angular analysis of the decay B0→K⁎0μ+μ− from pp collisions at s=8 TeV

AbstractThe angular distributions and the differential branching fraction of the decay B0→K⁎(892)0μ+μ− are studied using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.5 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at s=8 TeV. From 1430 signal decays, the forward–backward asymmetry of the muons, the K⁎(892)0 longitudinal polarization fraction, and the differential branching fraction are determined as a function of the dimuon invariant mass squared. The measurements are among the most precise to date and are in good agreement with standard model predictions
Kinetics of Topological Stone–Wales Defect Formation in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Topological Stone–Wales defect in carbon nanotubes plays a central role in plastic deformation, chemical functionalization, and superstructure formation. Here, we systematically investigate the formation kinetics of such defects within density functional approach coupled with the transition state theory. We find that both the formation and activation energies depend critically on the nanotube chairality, diameter, and defect orientation. The microscopic origin of the observed dependence is explained with curvature-induced rehybridization in nanotubes. Surprisingly, the kinetic barrier follows an empirical Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi-type correlation with the corresponding formation energy and can be understood in terms of overlap between energy-coordinate parabolas representing the structures with and without the defect. Further, we propose a possible route to substantially decrease the kinetic activation barrier. Such accelerated rates of defect formation are desirable in many novel electronic, mechanical, and chemical applications and also facilitate the formation of three-dimensional nanotube superstructures
2016 Expert consensus document on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of short-term peripheral venous catheter-related infections in adult.

Aquest document també està publicat a: 'Cirugía Cardiovascular'
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.circv.2016.06.001The use of endovascular catheters is a routine practice in secondary and tertiary care level hospitals. Short peripheral catheters have been found to be associated with the risk of nosocomial bacteremia resulting in morbidity and mortality. Staphyloccus aureus is mostly associated with peripheral catheter insertion. This Consensus Document has been elaborated by a panel of experts of the Spanish Society of Cardiovascular Infections in cooperation with experts from the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine, Spanish Society of Chemotherapy and Spanish Society of Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery and aims at define and establish the norm for management of short duration peripheral vascular catheters. The document addresses the indications for insertion, catheter maintenance and registry, diagnosis and treatment of infection, indications for removal and stresses on continuous education as a driver for quality. Implementation of this norm will allow uniformity in usage thus minimizing the risk of infection and its complications
Circuit design for multi-body interactions in superconducting quantum annealing systems with applications to a scalable architecture.

Quantum annealing provides a way of solving optimization problems by encoding them as Ising spin models which are implemented using physical qubits. The solution of the optimization problem then corresponds to the ground state of the system. Quantum tunneling is harnessed to enable the system to move to the ground state in a potentially high non-convex energy landscape. A major difficulty in encoding optimization problems in physical quantum annealing devices is the fact that many real world optimization problems require interactions of higher connectivity, as well as multi-body terms beyond the limitations of the physical hardware. In this work we address the question of how to implement multi-body interactions using hardware which natively only provides two-body interactions. The main result is an efficient circuit design of such multi-body terms using superconducting flux qubits in which effective N-body interactions are implemented using N ancilla qubits and only two inductive couplers. It is then shown how this circuit can be used as the unit cell of a scalable architecture by applying it to a recently proposed embedding technique for constructing an architecture of logical qubits with arbitrary connectivity using physical qubits which have nearest-neighbor four-body interactions. It is further shown that this design is robust to non-linear effects in the coupling loops, as well as mismatches in some of the circuit parameters
KOH/bentonite catalysts for transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel

A potential application of KOH/bentonite as a catalyst for biodiesel production was studied. A series of KOH/bentonite catalysts was prepared by impregnation of bentonite from Pacitan with potassium hydroxide. The ratios between KOH and bentonite were 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, and 1:2. The characterization of  KOH/bentonite and natural bentonite was conducted by nitrogen adsorption and XRD analysis. The effects of various reaction variables on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The highest yield of biodiesel over KOH/bentonite catalyst was 90.70±2.47%. It was obtained at KOH/bentonite 1:4, reaction time of 3 h, 3% catalyst, methanol to oil ratio of 6, and the reaction temperature at 60 °C
Measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the total transverse
  energy in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with ATLAS

This paper describes measurements of the sum of the transverse energy of
particles as a function of particle pseudorapidity, eta, in proton-proton
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy, sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in the region
|eta| < 4.8 for two event classes: those requiring the presence of particles
with a low transverse momentum and those requiring particles with a significant
transverse momentum. In the second dataset measurements are made in the region
transverse to the hard scatter. The distributions are compared to the
predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which generally tend to
underestimate the amount of transverse energy at high |eta|.Comment: 34 pages plus author list (56 pages total), 9 figures, 17 tables,
  submitted to Journal of High Energy Physic
Searches for a heavy scalar boson H decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons hh or for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying to Zh, in the final states with h→ττ

A search for a heavy scalar boson H decaying into a pair of lighter standard-model-like 125 GeV Higgs bosons hh and a search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson A decaying into a Z and an h boson are presented. The searches are performed on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1 of pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected by CMS in 2012. A final state consisting of two τ leptons and two b jets is used to search for the H→hh decay. A final state consisting of two τ leptons from the h boson decay, and two additional leptons from the Z boson decay, is used to search for the decay A→Zh. The results are interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models. No excess is found above the standard model expectation and upper limits are set on the heavy boson production cross sections in the mass ranges 260<mH<350 GeV and 220<mA<350 GeV.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks in the t-tau channel in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to top quark and tau lepton pairs is presented using proton-proton collision data at a center-of- mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The search is performed using events that contain an electron or a muon, a hadronically decaying tau lepton, and two or more jets. The observations are found to be consistent with the standard model predictions. Assuming that all leptoquarks decay to a top quark and a tau lepton, the existence of pair produced, charge -1/3, third-generation leptoquarks up to a mass of 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. This result constitutes the first direct limit for leptoquarks decaying into a top quark and a tau lepton, and may also be applied directly to the pair production of bottom squarks decaying predominantly via the R-parity violating coupling lambda'[333]
Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at √s = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV

Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date
Behaviour of Horses in the “Round Pen Technique”

I investigated the behavioural background of the way horses learn to follow humans in the “round pen technique” suggested by "horse whisperers” as a gentle method for initial horse training. Though the practicability of this technique has been adequately demonstrated in the past, the horses‘ behaviour during such training has not yet been documented in detail. DIn a riding arena, horses, that did not follow the trainer immediately, were chased away so that they galloped around the trainer. Galloping horses showed specific behaviour such as turning the ear to the trainer, chewing, licking, and stretching head and throat downwards. In subsequent trials horses needed to be chased for less time and finally followed immediately, even when conditions were changed or the trainer was replaced by another person. This suggests that horses learn to follow in this particular situation and also show some generalisation. However, following did not occur on a pasture even after several successful trials in the riding arena
Can Information Asymmetry Cause Agglomeration?

Various models, such as those used in the New Economic Geography literature, employ combinations of agglomerative and repulsive forces to generate equilibria with cities and agglomeration. Can classical asymmetric information in the labor market, in the form of adverse selection, result in an equilibrium that features agglomeration of agents? We use a model with two types, high and low ability, and two locations. The high type dislikes work more than the low type. Firms in both locations have the same technology for production of a single consumption commodity that depends on the type of worker employed. They know the distribution of types, but the type of a particular worker is private information to that worker.  The firms compete with both potential entrants and firms in the other location. Firms offer labor contracts that specify wages based on hours worked. In equilibrium, zero profit, voluntary participation, and incentive compatibility constraints must be satisfied along with feasibility. A further stability requirement is imposed, that the equilibrium be immune to small locational deviations of consumers. We have functional forms and some relatively mild restrictions on parameters such that the equilibrium separates types by location. Thus, high and low skilled workers agglomerate separately. This can be induced as a comparative static change from a symmetric equilibrium to an asymmetric one by varying some of the exogenous parameters.
Likelihood-based Imprecise Regression

We introduce a new approach to regression with imprecisely observed data, combining likelihood inference with ideas from imprecise probability theory, and thereby taking different kinds of uncertainty into account. The approach is very general and applicable to various kinds of imprecise data, not only to intervals.
In the present paper, we propose a regression method based on this approach, where no parametric distributional assumption is needed and interval estimates of quantiles of the error distribution are used to identify plausible descriptions of the relationship of interest. Therefore, the proposed regression method is very robust.
We apply our robust regression method to an interesting question in the social sciences. The analysis, based on survey data, yields a relatively imprecise result, reflecting the high amount of uncertainty inherent in the analyzed data set.
Defining a set of common interprofessional learning competencies for health profession students

Introduction: Increasingly recognized as a core component of contemporary health profession education, interprofessional learning outcomes remain difficult to define and assess across disciplines. The aim of this study was to identify a single set of interprofessional learning competency statements with relevance to all health professions. Methods and results: Six national and international interprofessional competency frameworks were reviewed and combined to give a total of 165 competency statements. Following a process of mapping and grouping these statements into common content areas, duplicate content was removed. In addition, content deemed as a core competency for one or more individual health professions was removed. A round table of experts reviewed the remaining statements and agreed a final set of eight. Each statement was expressed as a specific learning outcome that could be assessed and which described behaviors and practices that students could routinely expect to engage with, and participate in, during the course of their study. Conclusion: Identifying specific interprofessional competencies that students of all health professions require will enable more effective implementation of interprofessional learning activities and assessment within the core curriculum.Maree O'Keefe, Amanda Henderson and Rebecca Chic