pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Gamma-ray blazar spectra with H.E.S.S. II mono analysis: the case of PKS
  2155-304 and PG 1553+113

The addition of a 28 m Cherenkov telescope (CT5) to the H.E.S.S. array
extended the experiment's sensitivity to lower energies. The lowest energy
threshold is obtained using monoscopic analysis of data taken with CT5,
providing access to gamma-ray energies below 100 GeV. Such an extension of the
instrument's energy range is particularly beneficial for studies of Active
Galactic Nuclei with soft spectra, as expected for those at a redshift > 0.5.
The high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects PKS 2155-304 (z = 0.116) and PG
1553+113 (0.43 < z < 0.58) are among the brightest objects in the gamma-ray
sky, both showing clear signatures of gamma-ray absorption at E > 100 GeV
interpreted as being due to interactions with the extragalactic background
light (EBL). Multiple observational campaigns of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553+113
were conducted during 2013 and 2014 using the full H.E.S.S. II instrument. A
monoscopic analysis of the data taken with the new CT5 telescope was developed
along with an investigation into the systematic uncertainties on the spectral
parameters. The energy spectra of PKS 2155-304 and PG 1553+113 were
reconstructed down to energies of 80 GeV for PKS 2155-304, which transits near
zenith, and 110 GeV for the more northern PG 1553+113. The measured spectra,
well fitted in both cases by a log-parabola spectral model (with a 5.0 sigma
statistical preference for non-zero curvature for PKS 2155-304 and 4.5 sigma
for PG 1553+113), were found consistent with spectra derived from
contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data, indicating a sharp break in the observed
spectra of both sources at E ~ 100 GeV. When corrected for EBL absorption, the
intrinsic H.E.S.S. II mono and Fermi-LAT spectrum of PKS 2155-304 was found to
show significant curvature. For PG 1553+113, however, no significant detection
of curvature in the intrinsic spectrum could be found within statistical and
systematic uncertainties.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Lixisenatide plus basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: for each of the trials included in the meta-analysis: GetGoal-Duo1, NCT00975286; GetGoal-L, NCT00715624; GetGoal-L-Asia, NCT00899958.AIMS: The efficacy of the once-daily prandial GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide plus basal insulin in T2DM was assessed by pooling results of phase III trials. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed of results from three trials in the GetGoal clinical program concerning lixisenatide or placebo plus basal insulin with/without OADs. The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. Secondary endpoints were change in PPG, FPG, insulin dose, and weight from baseline to week 24. Hypoglycemia rates and several composite endpoints were assessed. RESULTS: Lixisenatide plus basal insulin was significantly more effective than basal insulin alone at reducing HbA1c at 24 weeks. Composite and secondary endpoints were improved significantly with lixisenatide plus basal insulin, with the exception of FPG, which showed no significant difference between the groups. Lixisenatide plus basal insulin was associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia versus basal insulin alone. CONCLUSIONS: Lixisenatide plus basal insulin resulted in significant improvement in glycemic control versus basal insulin alone, particularly in terms of controlling PPG. Prandial lixisenatide in combination with basal insulin is a suitable option for treatment intensification in patients with T2DM insufficiently controlled with basal insulin, as these agents have complementary effects on PPG and FPG, respectively.This meta-analysis was sponsored by Sanofi. Editorial assistance was provided by Jane Bryant, PhD, of Caudex Medical and was funded by Sanofi.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Observation of the Λ0b → Λφ decay

© 2016 The Author.The Λb0→Λφ decay is observed using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. The decay proceeds at leading order via a b→sss loop transition and is therefore sensitive to the possible presence of particles beyond the Standard Model. A first observation is reported with a significance of 5.9 standard deviations. The value of the branching fraction is measured to be (5.18±1.04±0.35-0.62+0.67)×10-6, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is related to external inputs. Triple-product asymmetries are measured to be consistent with zero
Widespread age-related differences in the human brain microstructure revealed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

A pressing need exists to disentangle age-related changes from pathologic neurodegeneration. This study aims to characterize the spatial pattern and age-related differences of biologically relevant measures in vivo over the course of normal aging. Quantitative multiparameter maps that provide neuroimaging biomarkers for myelination and iron levels, parameters sensitive to aging, were acquired from 138 healthy volunteers (age range: 19-75 years). Whole-brain voxel-wise analysis revealed a global pattern of age-related degeneration. Significant demyelination occurred principally in the white matter. The observed age-related differences in myelination were anatomically specific. In line with invasive histologic reports, higher age-related differences were seen in the genu of the corpus callosum than the splenium. Iron levels were significantly increased in the basal ganglia, red nucleus, and extensive cortical regions but decreased along the superior occipitofrontal fascicle and optic radiation. This whole-brain pattern of age-associated microstructural differences in the asymptomatic population provides insight into the neurobiology of aging. The results help build a quantitative baseline from which to examine and draw a dividing line between healthy aging and pathologic neurodegeneration
Measurement of the ratio of the 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A measurement of the ratio of the inclusive 3-jet to 2-jet cross sections as a function of the total jet transverse momentum, HT, in the range 0.2<HT<2.5 TeV is presented. The data have been collected at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[superscript −1]. Comparisons are made between the data and the predictions of different QCD-based Monte Carlo models for multijet production. All models considered in this study are consistent with the data for HT>0.5 TeV. This measurement extends to an HT range that has not been explored before.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
First observation of the decay D0→K−π+μ+μ− in the ρ0-ω region of the dimuon mass spectrum

A study of the decay D0→K−π+μ+μ− is performed using data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb−1. Decay candidates with muon pairs that have an invariant mass in the range 675--875 MeV/c2 are considered. This region is dominated by the ρ0 and ω resonances. The branching fraction in this range is measured to be (D0→K−π+μ+μ− ) = (4.17±0.12(stat)±0.40(syst))×10−6. This is the first observation of the decay D0→K−π+μ+μ−. Its branching fraction is consistent with the value expected in the Standard Model
Prevention is better than cure!:designing information security awareness programs to overcome users’ non-compliance with information security policies in banks

In organizations, users’ compliance with information security policies (ISP) is crucial for minimizing information security (IS) incidents. To improve users’ compliance, IS managers have implemented IS awareness (ISA) programs, which are systematically planned interventions to continuously transport security information to a target audience. The underlying research analyzes IS managers’ efforts to design effective ISA programs by comparing current design recommendations suggested by scientific literature with actual design practices of ISA programs in three banks. Moreover, this study addresses how users perceive ISA programs and related implications for compliant IS behavior. Empirically, we utilize a multiple case design to investigate three banks from Central and Eastern Europe. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with IS managers and users were conducted and internal materials of ISA programs such as intranet messages and posters were also considered. The paper contributes to IS compliance research by offering a comparative and holistic view on ISA program design practices. Moreover, we identified influences on users’ perceptions centering on IS risks, responsibilities, ISP importance and knowledge, and neutralization behaviors. Finally, the study raises propositions regarding the relationship of ISA program designs and factors, which are likely to influence users’ ISP compliance
Chemically sulfated Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide derivatives as extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein antagonists

AbstractThe HIV-1 transactivating factor (Tat) acts as an extracellular cytokine on target cells, including endothelium. Here, we report about the Tat-antagonist capacity of chemically sulfated derivatives of the Escherichia coli K5 polysaccharide. O-sulfated K5 with high sulfation degree (K5-OS(H)) and N,O-sulfated K5 with high (K5-N,OS(H)) or low (K5-N,OS(L)) sulfation degree, but not unmodified K5, N-sulfated K5, and O-sulfated K5 with low sulfation degree, bind to Tat preventing its interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, cell internalization, and consequent HIV-LTR-transactivation. Also, K5-OS(H) and K5-N,OS(H) prevent the interaction of Tat to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 on endothelial cell (EC) surface. Finally, K5-OS(H) inhibits αvβ3 integrin/Tat interaction and EC adhesion to immobilized Tat. Consequently, K5-OS(H) and K5-N,OS(H) inhibit the angiogenic activity of Tat in vivo. In conclusion, K5 derivatives with distinct sulfation patterns bind extracellular Tat and modulate its interaction with cell surface receptors and affect its biological activities. These findings provide the basis for the design of novel extracellular Tat antagonists with possible implications in anti-AIDS therapies
When hadrons become unstable: A novel type of non-analyticity in chiral extrapolations

AbstractHadron masses show a specific dependence on the quark masses. Therefore, the variation of these masses can cause a resonance in a hadronic scattering amplitude to become a bound state. Consequently, the amplitude exhibits a non-analytic behavior at this transition. Crossed amplitudes, where the resonance can be exchanged in the t-channel, can be shown to exhibit the same phenomenon by s→t analytic continuation. This entails possible kinks in lattice quark-mass extrapolations needed to compute hadronic observables
The influence of C3435T polymorphism of ABCB1 gene on penetration of phenobarbital across the blood–brain barrier in patients with generalized epilepsy

SummaryBackgroundEpilepsy is refractory to medical treatment in about one-third of the patients. The exact pathological mechanism of epilepsy pharmacoresistance is still unclear, but a decreased antiepileptic drug (AED) uptake into the brain is suspected to play a role. P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transmembrane transporter encoded by ABCB1 gene and located at the endothelial cells of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), has been associated with epilepsy pharmacoresistance.ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of two ABCB1 gene polymorphisms, C3435T and G2677T/A, on phenobarbital (PB) concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum (S) and to assess the relationship of ABCB1 polymorphisms to phenobarbital penetration across BBB in vivo and seizure frequency.MethodsCSF PB and S PB concentrations were measured in 60 patients with idiopathic primary generalized epilepsy receiving phenobarbital monotherapy. CSF/S PB concentration ratio was calculated as an index of phenobarbital penetration across BBB. The patients were genotyped for the ABCB1 gene C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms. Seizure frequency was recorded during the 6-month phenobarbital monotherapy.ResultsPatients with different C3435T polymorphism had significantly different CSF PB concentrations and CSF/S PB concentration ratio. In comparison with CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes, CC homozygotes had a significantly lower CSF PB concentration (p=0.006) and CSF/PB concentration ratio (p<0.001). G2677T/A polymorphism showed no such effect (p=0.466). CC genotype and low CSF/S PB concentration ratio correlated with increased seizure frequency.ConclusionsC3435T polymorphism of ABCB1 gene was demonstrated in vivo to significantly influence the CSF/S PB concentration ratio and seizure frequency
Computational Prediction of MicroRNAs from Toxoplasma gondii Potentially Regulating the Hosts’ Gene Expression

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered two decades ago, yet there is still a great need for further studies elucidating their genesis and targeting in different phyla. Since experimental discovery and validation of miRNAs is difficult, computational predictions are indispensable and today most computational approaches employ machine learning. Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite residing within the cells of its hosts like human, uses miRNAs for its post-transcriptional gene regulation. It may also regulate its hosts’ gene expression, which has been shown in brain cancer. Since previous studies have shown that overexpressed miRNAs within the host are causal for disease onset, we hypothesized that T. gondii could export miRNAs into its host cell. We computationally predicted all hairpins from the genome of T. gondii and used mouse and human models to filter possible candidates. These were then further compared to known miRNAs in human and rodents and their expression was examined for T. gondii grown in mouse and human hosts, respectively. We found that among the millions of potential hairpins in T. gondii, only a few thousand pass filtering using a human or mouse model and that even fewer of those are expressed. Since they are expressed and differentially expressed in rodents and human, we suggest that there is a chance that T. gondii may export miRNAs into its hosts for direct regulation
Flavor and CP violating Z exchange and the rate asymmetry in B→φKS

AbstractRecent measurements of time dependent CP asymmetry in B→φKS, if confirmed, would indicate a new source of CP violation. We examine flavor violating tree-level Z currents in models with extra down-type quark singlets that arise naturally in string compactified gauge groups like E6. We evaluate the new operators at the scale μ≈O(mb) in NLO, and using QCD improved factorization to describe B→φKS, find the allowed range of parameters for ρ and ψ, the magnitude and phase of the flavor violating parameter Ubs. This allowed range does satisfy the constraint from flavor changing process b→sℓ+ℓ−. However, further improvement in measurement of these rates could severely constrain the model
Homotopy types of complements of 2-arrangements in R4

AbstractWe study the homotopy types of complements of arrangements of n transverse planes in R4, obtaining a complete classification for n⩽6, and lower bounds for the number of homotopy types in general. Furthermore, we show that the homotopy type of a 2-arrangement in R4 is not determined by the cohomology ring, thereby answering a question of Ziegler. The invariants that we use are derived from the characteristic varieties of the complement. The nature of these varieties illustrates the difference between real and complex arrangements
Cholesterol Regulates Syntaxin 6 Trafficking at trans-Golgi Network Endosomal Boundaries

SummaryInhibition of cholesterol export from late endosomes causes cellular cholesterol imbalance, including cholesterol depletion in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) mutant cell lines and human NPC1 mutant fibroblasts, we show that altered cholesterol levels at the TGN/endosome boundaries trigger Syntaxin 6 (Stx6) accumulation into VAMP3, transferrin, and Rab11-positive recycling endosomes (REs). This increases Stx6/VAMP3 interaction and interferes with the recycling of αVβ3 and α5β1 integrins and cell migration, possibly in a Stx6-dependent manner. In NPC1 mutant cells, restoration of cholesterol levels in the TGN, but not inhibition of VAMP3, restores the steady-state localization of Stx6 in the TGN. Furthermore, elevation of RE cholesterol is associated with increased amounts of Stx6 in RE. Hence, the fine-tuning of cholesterol levels at the TGN-RE boundaries together with a subset of cholesterol-sensitive SNARE proteins may play a regulatory role in cell migration and invasion
Stop-lepton associated production at hadron colliders

AbstractAt hadron colliders, the search for R-parity violating supersymmetry can probe scalar masses beyond what is covered by pair production processes. We evaluate the next-to-leading order SUSY-QCD corrections to the associated stop or sbottom production with a lepton through R-parity violating interactions. We show that higher order corrections render the theoretical predictions more stable with respect to variations of the renormalization and factorization scales and that the total cross section is enhanced by a factor up to 70% at the Tevatron and 50% at the LHC. We investigate in detail how the heavy supersymmetric states decouple from the next-to-leading order process, which gives rise to a theory with an additional scalar leptoquark. In this scenario the inclusion of higher order QCD corrections increases the Tevatron reach on leptoquark masses by up to 40 GeV and the LHC reach by up to 200 GeV
Dispersive calculation of complex Regge trajectories for the lightest f2 resonances and the K⁎(892)

AbstractWe apply a recently developed dispersive formalism to calculate the Regge trajectories of the f2(1270), f2′(1525) and K⁎(892) mesons. Trajectories are calculated, not fitted to a family of resonances. Assuming that these resonances can be treated in the elastic approximation, the only input are the pole position and residue of a resonance. In all three cases, the predicted Regge trajectories are almost real and linear, with slopes in agreement with the universal value of order 1 GeV−2. We also show how these results barely change when considering more than two subtractions in the dispersive formalism
Magnetic charge can locally stabilize Kaluza–Klein bubbles

AbstractWe construct a new 2-parameter family of static topological solitons in 5D minimal supergravity which are endowed with magnetic charge and mass. The solitons are asymptotically R4×S1, where the radius of the S1 has a lower bound Rs⩾Rmin. Setting up initial data on a Cauchy slice at a moment of time symmetry, we demonstrate that if Rs>Rmin these solitons correspond to a perturbatively stable “small” static bubble as well as an unstable “large” static bubble, whereas if Rs<Rmin there are no static bubbles. The energetics and thermodynamics of the magnetic black string are then discussed and it is shown that the locally stable bubble is the end point of a phase transition for an appropriate range of black string parameters
Why do homeowners renovate energy efficiently? Contrasting perspectives and implications for policy

AbstractThis paper contrasts two perspectives on energy efficient home renovations from applied behavioural research on energy efficiency and from sociological research on homes and domestic life. Applied behavioural research characterises drivers and barriers to cost-effective renovations, and identifies personal and contextual influences on homeowners’ renovation decisions. Research findings inform policies to promote energy efficiency by removing barriers or strengthening decision influences. Sociological research on domestic life points to limitations in this understanding of renovation decision making that emphasises houses but not homes, energy efficiency but not home improvements, the one-off but not the everyday, and renovations but not renovating. The paper proposes a situated approach in response to this critique. A situated approach retains a focus on renovation decision making, but conceptualises decisions as processes that emerge from the conditions of everyday domestic life and are subject to different levels of influence. This situated approach is tractable for energy efficiency policy while recognising the ultimate influences that explain why homeowners decide to renovate
Oligomerization–function relationship of EGFR on living cells detected by the coiled-coil labeling and FRET microscopy

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-studied receptor tyrosine kinase and an important anticancer therapeutic target. The activity of EGFR autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation, which induces several cell signaling pathways, has been suggested to be related to its oligomeric state. However, the oligomeric states of EGFRs induced by EGF binding and the receptor–ligand stoichiometry required for its activation are still controversial. In the present study, we performed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements by combining the coiled-coil tag–probe labeling method and spectral imaging to quantitatively analyze EGFR oligomerization on living CHO-K1 cell membranes at physiological expression levels. In the absence of its ligands, EGFRs mainly existed as monomers with a small fraction of predimers (~10%), whereas ~70% of the EGFRs formed dimers after being stimulated with the ligand EGF. Ligand-induced dimerization was not significantly affected by the perturbation of membrane components (cholesterol or monosialoganglioside GM3). We also investigated both dose and time dependences of EGF-dependent EGFR dimerization and autophosphorylation. The formation of dimers occurred within 20s of the ligand stimulation and preceded its autophosphorylation, which reached a plateau 90s after the stimulation. The EGF concentration needed to evoke half-maximum dimerization (~1nM) was lower than that for half-maximum autophosphorylation (~8nM), which suggested the presence of an inactive dimer binding a single EGF molecule
Phosphate availability affects the tonoplast localization of PLDζ2, an Arabidopsis thaliana phospholipase D

AbstractUnder phosphate deprivation, higher plants change their lipid composition and recycle phosphate from phospholipids. A phospholipase D, PLDζ2, is involved in this recycling and in other cellular functions related to plant development. We investigated the localization of Arabidopsis PLDζ2 by cell fractionation and in vivo GFP confocal imaging. AtPLDζ2 localizes to the tonoplast and the Nter regulatory domain is sufficient for its sorting. Under phosphate deprivation, AtPLDζ2 remains located in the tonoplast but its distribution is uneven. We observed PLDζ2-enriched tonoplast domains preferentially positioned close to mitochondria and beside chloroplasts. In absence of PLDζ2, membrane developments were visualized inside vacuoles
From enzyme kinetics to epidemiological models with Michaelis–Menten contact rate: Design of nonstandard finite difference schemes

AbstractWe consider the basic SIR epidemiological model with the Michaelis–Menten formulation of the contact rate. From the study of the Michaelis–Menten basic enzymatic reaction, we design two types of Nonstandard Finite Difference (NSFD) schemes for the SIR model: Exact-related schemes based on the Lambert W function and schemes obtained by using Mickens’s rules of more complex denominator functions for discrete derivatives and nonlocal approximations of nonlinear terms. We compare and investigate the performance of the two types of schemes by showing that they are dynamically consistent with the continuous model. Numerical simulations that support the theory and demonstrate computationally the power of NSFD schemes are presented