pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Two-loop QCD corrections to the scattering of massless distinct quarks.

We present the two-loop virtual QCD corrections to the scattering of distinct massless quarks, , in conventional dimensional regularisation. The structure of the infrared divergences agrees with that predicted by Catani while expressions for the finite remainder are given for each of the s-, t- and u-channels in terms of polylogarithms. The results presented here form a vital part of the next-to-next-to-leading order contribution to inclusive jet production in hadron colliders and will play a crucial role in improving the theoretical prediction for jet cross sections in hadron-hadron collisions. \ud
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The REFLEX galaxy cluster survey VIII. Spectroscopic observations and optical atlas

We present the final data from the spectroscopic survey of the ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray (REFLEX) catalog of galaxy clusters. The REFLEX survey covers 4.24 steradians (34% of the entire sky) below a declination of δ = +2.50 and at high Galactic latitude (|b| > 20◦). The REFLEX catalog includes 447 entries with a median redshift of 0.08 and is better than 90% complete to a limiting flux fX = 3 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 (0.1 to 2.4 keV), representing the largest statistically homogeneous sample of clusters drawn from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS) to date. Here we describe the details of the spectroscopic observations carried out at the ESO 1.5 m, 2.2 m, and 3.6 m telescopes, as well as the data reduction and redshift measurement techniques. The spectra typically cover the wavelength range 3600–7500 Å at a two-pixel resolution of ∼14 Å, and the measured redshifts have a total rms error of ∼100 km s−1 . In total we present 1406 new galaxy redshifts in 192 clusters, most of which previously did not have any redshift measured. Finally, the luminosity/redshift distributions of the cluster sample and a comparison to the no-evolution expectations from the cluster X-ray luminosity function are presented.aorgil@uv.e
A measurement of the ratio of the W and Z cross sections with exactly one associated jet in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with ATLAS

The ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio. Results are obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 33 pb(-1). The results are compared with perturbative leading-order, leading-log, and next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and are found to agree within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The ratio is measured for events with a single jet with p(T) > 30 GeV to be 8.73 +/- 0.30(stat) +/- 0.40(syst) in the electron channel, and 8.49 +/- 0.23(stat) +/- 0.33(syst) in the muon channel
Translationally invariant treatment of pair correlations in nuclei - II. Tensor correlations

We study the extension of our translationally invariant treatment of few-body nuclear systems to include tensor forces and correlations. It is shown that a direct application of our method is not as successful for realistic V6 interactions as our previous results for V4 potentials suggested. We investigate the cause in detail for the case of 4He, and show that a combination of our method with that of Jastrow-correlated wave functions seems to be a lot more powerful, thereby suggesting that for mildly to strongly repulsive forces such a hybrid procedure may be an appropriate description
QCD corrections to inclusive ΔS=1,2 transitions at the next-to-leading order

The two-point functions for DELTAS = 1 current-current and QCD-penguin operators, as well as for the DELTAS = 2 operator, are calculated at the next-to-leading order. The calculation is performed in two different renormalization schemes for gamma5, and the compatibility of the results obtained in the two schemes is verified. The scale- and scheme-invariant combinations of spectral two-point functions and corresponding Wilson coefficients are constructed and analyzed. For DELTAS = 1, the QCD corrections to the CP-conserving part, dominated by current-current operators, are 40-120% at q2 = (1-3 GeV)2, Whereas the corrections to the imaginary part, mainly coming from the penguin operator Q6, are 100-240%. The large size of the gluonic corrections to current-current operators provides a qualitative understanding of the observed enhancement of DELTAI = 1/2 transitions. In the DELTAS = 2 sector the QCD corrections are quite moderate (almost-equal-to -20%)
Minimally Invasive Repair of Morgagni Hernia - A Multicenter Case Series

Children may benefit from minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the correction of Morgagni hernia (MH). The present study aims to evaluate the outcome of MIS through a multicenter study. National institutions that use MIS in the treatment of MH were included. Demographic, clinical and operative data were analyzed. Thirteen patients with MH (6 males) were operated using similar MIS technique (percutaneous stitches) at a mean age of 22.2±18.3 months. Six patients had chromosomopathies (46%), five with Down syndrome (39%). Respiratory complaints were the most common presentation (54%). Surgery lasted 95±23min. In none of the patients was the hernia sac removed; prosthesis was never used. In the immediate post-operative period, 4 patients (36%) were admitted to intensive care unit (all with Down syndrome); all patients started enteral feeds within the first 24h. With a mean follow-up of 56±16.6 months, there were two recurrences (18%) at the same institution, one of which was repaired with an absorbable suture; both with Down syndrome. The application of MIS in the MH repair is effective even in the presence of comorbidities such as Down syndrome; the latter influences the immediate postoperative recovery and possibly the recurrence rate. Removal of hernia sac does not seem necessary. Non-absorbable sutures may be more appropriate
Synthesis, Microstructure and Thermal Expansion Studies on Ca0·5+x/2Sr0·5+x/2Zr4P6-2xSi2xO24 System Prepared by Coprecipitation

We report on the synthesis, microstructure and thermal expansion studies on Ca0·5+x/2Sr0·5+x/2Zr4 P6-2xSi2xO24 (x = 0·00 to 1·00) system which belongs to NZP family of low thermal expansion ceramics. The ceramics synthesized by co-precipitation method at lower calcination and the sintering temperatures were in pure NZP phase up to x = 0·37. For x = 0·5, in addition to NZP phase, ZrSiO4 and Ca2P2O7 form as secondary phases after sintering. The bulk thermal expansion behaviour of the members of this system was studied from 30 to 850 .C. The thermal expansion coefficient increases from a negative value to a positive value with the silicon substitution in place of phosphorous and a near zero thermal expansion was observed at x = 0·75. The amount of hysteresis between heating and cooling curves increases progressively from x = 0·00 to 0·37 and then decreases for x > 0·37. The results were analysed on the basis of formation of the silicon based glassy phase and increase in thermal expansion anisotropy with silicon substitution
Enhanced ionic conductivity in nano-​composite solid polymer electrolyte: (PEG)​xLiBr:y(SiO2

The authors report an enhancement in ionic cond. in a new nano-​composite solid polymer electrolyte namely, (PEG)​xLiBr:y(SiO2)​.  The samples were prepd., characterized, and studied by XRD, IR, NMR, and impedance spectroscopy.  Cond. as a function of salt concn. shows a double peak.  5 Wt.​% addn. of SiO2 nanoparticles increases the ionic cond. by two orders of magnitude.  Cond. exhibits an Arrhenius type dependence on temp.  IR study showed that the existence of nanoparticles in the vicinity of terminal O-​H group results in a shift in IR absorption frequency and increase in amplitude of vibration of the terminal O-​H group.  This might lead to an enhancement in cond. due to increased segmental motion of the polymer.  7Li NMR spectroscopic studies also seem to support this.  Thus addn. of nanoparticle inert fillers still seems to be a promising technique to enhance the ionic cond. in solid polymer electrolytes
CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey : IV. Third public data release

VW acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting Grant (SEDMorph P.I. V. Wild) and European Career Re-integration Grant (Phiz-Ev P.I. V. Wild).This paper describes the third public data release (DR3) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. Science-grade quality data for 667 galaxies are made public, including the 200 galaxies of the second public data release (DR2). Data were obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto Observatory. Three different spectral setups are available: i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the wavelength range 3745-7500 Å (4240-7140 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å (FWHM) for 646 galaxies, ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the wavelength range 3650-4840 Å (3650-4620 Å unvignetted) with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Å (FWHM) for 484 galaxies, and iii) the combination of the cubes from both setups (called COMBO) with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Å and a wavelength range between 3700-7500 Å (3700-7140 Å unvignetted) for 446 galaxies. The Main Sample, selected and observed according to the CALIFA survey strategy covers a redshift range between 0.005 and 0.03, spans the color-magnitude diagram and probes a wide range of stellar masses, ionization conditions, and morphological types. The Extension Sample covers several types of galaxies that are rare in the overall galaxy population and are therefore not numerous or absent in the CALIFA Main Sample. All the cubes in the data release were processed using the latest pipeline, which includes improved versions of the calibration frames and an even further improved image reconstruction quality. In total, the third data release contains 1576 datacubes, including ~1.5 million independent spectra. Based on observations collected at the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA) and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC).The spectra are available at http://califa.caha.es/DR3PostprintPeer reviewe
Nanoindentation of polysilicon and single crystal silicon: Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental validation

This paper presents novel advances in the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline and single crystal silicon using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and validation of the same via nanoindentation experiments. In order to unravel the mechanism of deformation, four simulations were performed: indentation of a polycrystalline silicon substrate with a (i) Berkovich pyramidal and a (ii) spherical (arc) indenter, and (iii and iv) indentation of a single crystal silicon substrate with these two indenters. The simulation results reveal that high pressure phase transformation (HPPT) in silicon (Si-I to Si-II phase transformation) occurred in all cases; however, its extent and the manner in which it occurred differed significantly between polycrystalline silicon and single crystal silicon, and was the main driver of differences in the nanoindentation deformation behaviour between these two types of silicon. Interestingly, in polycrystalline silicon, the HPPT was observed to occur more preferentially along the grain boundaries than across the grain boundaries. An automated dislocation extraction algorithm (DXA) revealed no dislocations in the deformation zone, suggesting that HPPT is the primary mechanism in inducing plasticity in silicon
The effects of junction interdiffusion and misfit dislocations on the efficiency of highly mismatched heterojunction photovoltaic devices

A general modelling methodology has been developed to evaluate the effects of chemical interdiffusion and misfit dislocations on the performance of heterojunction solar cells made from highly mismatched materials. Results for the exemplar materials system CdS-CdTe are contrary to the widely held belief that such interdiffusion is beneficial to photovoltaic performance. In the model, recombination is presumed to take place at the cores of misfit dislocations, with the distribution of these dislocations in the interdiffused layer being calculated so as to minimise the total energy (an incidental result shows that the total number of dislocations is independent of the diffusion profile). The model takes calculated chemical profiles, optical absorption, and dislocation distributions from which the photovoltaic performance and recombination losses are evaluated. It was shown that for the realistic case in which the interdiffused region does not extend beyond the space charge region, the photovoltage losses dominate over any photocurrent gains. Methods to engineer mixed junctions that may increase solar conversion efficiency are discussed.ESPRCfunding EP/F029624/
The Number of Genomic Copies at the 16p11.2 Locus Modulates Language, Verbal Memory, and Inhibition.

Deletions and duplications of the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 locus are prevalent copy number variations (CNVs), highly associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Beyond language and global cognition, neuropsychological assessments of these two CNVs have not yet been reported.
This study investigates the relationship between the number of genomic copies at the 16p11.2 locus and cognitive domains assessed in 62 deletion carriers, 44 duplication carriers, and 71 intrafamilial control subjects.
IQ is decreased in deletion and duplication carriers, but we demonstrate contrasting cognitive profiles in these reciprocal CNVs. Deletion carriers present with severe impairments of phonology and of inhibition skills beyond what is expected for their IQ level. In contrast, for verbal memory and phonology, the data may suggest that duplication carriers outperform intrafamilial control subjects with the same IQ level. This finding is reminiscent of special isolated skills as well as contrasting language performance observed in autism spectrum disorder. Some domains, such as visuospatial and working memory, are unaffected by the 16p11.2 locus beyond the effect of decreased IQ. Neuroimaging analyses reveal that measures of inhibition covary with neuroanatomic structures previously identified as sensitive to 16p11.2 CNVs.
The simultaneous study of reciprocal CNVs suggests that the 16p11.2 genomic locus modulates specific cognitive skills according to the number of genomic copies. Further research is warranted to replicate these findings and elucidate the molecular mechanisms modulating these cognitive performances
Deglaciation of a major palaeo-ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland

Recent work has confirmed that grounded ice reached the shelf break in central West Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here we use a combination of marine sediment-core data, including glacimarine lithofacies and IRD proxy records, and geomorphological and acoustic facies evidence to examine the nature of and controls on the retreat of a major outlet of the western sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) across the shelf. Retreat of this outlet, which contained the ancestral Jakobshavns Isbræ ice stream, from the outer shelf in Disko Trough was rapid and progressed predominantly through iceberg calving, however, minor pauses in retreat (tens of years) occurred on the middle shelf at a trough narrowing forming subtle grounding-zone wedges. By 12.1 cal kyr BP ice had retreated to a basalt escarpment and shallow banks on the inner continental shelf, where it was pinned and stabilised for at least 100 years. During this time the ice margin appears to have formed a calving bay over the trough and melting became an important mechanism of ice-mass loss. Fine-grained sediments (muds) were deposited alternately with IRD-rich sediments (diamictons) forming a characteristic deglacial lithofacies that may be related to seasonal climatic cycles. High influxes of subglacial meltwater, emanating from the nearby ice margins, deposited muddy sediments during the warmer summer months whereas winters were dominated by iceberg calving leading to the deposition of the diamictons. This is the first example of this glacimarine lithofacies from a continental-shelf setting and we suggest that the calving-bay configuration of the ice margin, plus the switching between calving and melting as ablation mechanisms, facilitated its deposition by channelling meltwater and icebergs through the inner trough. The occurrence of a major stillstand on the inner shelf in Disko Trough demonstrates that the ice-dynamical response to local topography was a crucial control on the behaviour of a major outlet in this sector of the GrIS during retreat.The data for this study were collected during cruise JR175 of the RSS James Clark Ross to West Greenland in 2009 and was funded by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant NE/D001951/1 to C.Ó.C. The vibrocorer used on JCR was loaned and operated by staff from the British Geological Survey Marine Operations Group. This work forms part of the British Antarctic Survey program “Polar Science for PlanetEarth” funded by the NERC.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.01.01
Sensitivity of OMI SO$_{2}$ measurements to variable eruptive behaviour at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat

Since 2004, the satellite-borne Ozone Mapping Instrument (OMI) has observed sulphur dioxide (SO$_{2}$) plumes during both quiescence and effusive eruptive activity at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. On average, OMI detected a SO$_{2}$ plume 4–6 times more frequently during effusive periods than during quiescence in the 2008–2010 period. The increased ability of OMI to detect SO$_{2}$ during eruptive periods is mainly due to an increase in plume altitude rather than a higher SO$_{2}$ emission rate. Three styles of eruptive activity cause thermal lofting of gases (Vulcanian explosions; pyroclastic flows; a hot lava dome) and the resultant plume altitudes are estimated from observations and models. Most lofting plumes from Soufrière Hills are derived from hot domes and pyroclastic flows. Although Vulcanian explosions produced the largest plumes, some produced only negligible SO$_{2}$ signals detected by OMI. OMI is most valuable for monitoring purposes at this volcano during periods of lava dome growth and during explosive activity.This work was supported by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (Theme 6: Dynamic Earth) grant, NE/E015093/1.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.01
Search for a W′ boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A new heavy gauge boson, W′, decaying to a muon and a neutrino, is searched for in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb[superscript −1]. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in the transverse mass distribution of the muon–neutrino system. Masses below 1.40 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level for a sequential standard-model-like W′. The W′ mass lower limit increases to 1.58 TeV when the present analysis is combined with the CMS result for the electron channel.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Measurements of $t\overline{t}$ charge asymmetry using dilepton final states in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8TeV

The charge asymmetry in $t\overline{t}$ events is measured using dilepton final states produced in pp collisions at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}$=8TeV . The data sample, collected with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.5fb$^{−1}$ . The measurements are performed using events with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and two or more jets, where at least one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. The charge asymmetry is measured from differences in kinematic distributions, unfolded to the parton level, of positively and negatively charged top quarks and leptons. The $t\overline{t}$ and leptonic inclusive charge asymmetries are found to be 0.011±0.011(stat)±0.007(syst) and 0.003±0.006(stat)±0.003(syst) , respectively. These results, as well as charge asymmetry measurements made as a function of the invariant mass, rapidity, and transverse momentum of the $t\overline{t}$ system, are in agreement with predictions of the standard model
‘The Front Line’: Firefighting in British Culture, 1939–1945

This article examines cultural depictions of firemen during the Second World War in film, radio and the press. It focuses on the masculine identities ascribed to those unable to fulfil the idealised masculine role of being in the armed forces. The article argues that firemen's role in the defence of Britain gave them access to many, if not all, of the ideal attributes more commonly associated with the venerated image of the armed forces hero. However, such an image was temporally specific and only prominent during the months of the Blitz. As such, this article imparts important knowledge about men and masculinity in this period
Coulomb branches for rank 2 gauge groups in 3d N= 4 gauge theories

The Coulomb branch of 3-dimensional N=4 gauge theories is the space of bare and dressed BPS monopole operators. We utilise the conformal dimension to define a fan which, upon intersection with the weight lattice of a GNO-dual group, gives rise to a collection of semi-groups. It turns out that the unique Hilbert bases of these semi-groups are a sufficient, finite set of monopole operators which generate the entire chiral ring. Moreover, the knowledge of the properties of the minimal generators is enough to compute the Hilbert series explicitly. The techniques of this paper allow an efficient evaluation of the Hilbert series for general rank gauge groups. As an application, we provide various examples for all rank two gauge groups to demonstrate the novel interpretation.STFC/ST/J0003533/1EP/K034456/1DFG/GRK/146
Factor H-related protein 1 neutralizes anti-factor H autoantibodies in autoimmune hemolytic uremic syndrome

The autoimmune form of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by circulating autoantibodies against the complement regulator factor H, and is often associated with deficiency of the factor H-related proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3. Here we studied whether anti-factor H autoantibodies crossreact with CFHR1, and determined functional consequences of this. In ELISA, anti-factor H immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies from 24 atypical HUS patients bound to the short consensus repeat 20 domain of factor H, 21 antibodies also recognized CFHR1, but none CFHR3. Three patients also had anti-factor H IgA autoantibodies crossreacting with CFHR1. Analysis of the IgG fractions in CFHR1-deficient patients found that CFHR1–IgG complexes were formed during plasma exchange treatment, indicating that autoantibodies recognize CFHR1 in vivo. Recombinant CFHR1 prevented hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes caused by patient plasma containing anti-factor H IgG, but it did not inhibit red cell lysis caused by a factor H mutation (W1183L) in the short consensus repeat 20 domain. Thus, exogenous CFHR1 provided during plasma exchange therapy may neutralize anti-factor H autoantibodies and help in the treatment of autoimmune atypical HUS