pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Global behavior of N competing species with strong diffusion: diffusion leads to exclusion

International audienceIt is known that the competitive exclusion principle holds for a large kind of models involving several species competing for a single resource in an homogeneous environment. Various works indicate that the coexistence is possible in an heterogeneous environment. We propose a spatially heterogeneous system modeling the competition of several species for a single resource. If spatial movements are fast enough, we show that our system can be well approximated by a spatially homogeneous system, called aggregated model, which can be explicitly computed. Moreover, we show that if the competitive exclusion principle holds for the aggregated model, it holds for the spatially heterogeneous model too
c-GAMMA: Comparative Genome Analysis of Molecular Markers

International audienceDiscovery of molecular markers for efficient identification of living organisms remains a challenge of high interest. The diversity of species can now be observed in details with low cost genomic sequences produced by new generation of sequencers. A method, called c-GAMMA, is proposed. It formalizes the design of new markers for such data. It is based on a series of filters on forbidden pairs of words, followed by an optimization step on the discriminative power of candidate markers. First results are presented on a set of microbial genomes. The importance of further devel- opments are stressed to face the huge amounts of data that will soon become available in all kingdoms of life
Traceability for Mutation Analysis in Model Transformation

International audienceModel transformation can't be directly tested using program techniques. Those have to be adapted to model characteristics. In this paper we focus on one test technique: mutation analysis. This technique aims to qualify a test data set by analyzing the execution results of intentionally faulty program versions. If the degree of qualification is not satisfactory, the test data set has to be improved. In the context of model, this step is currently relatively fastidious and manually performed. We propose an approach based on traceability mechanisms in order to ease the test model set improvement in the mutation analysis process. We illustrate with a benchmark the quick automatic identification of the input model to change. A new model is then created in order to raise the quality of the test data set
Mathematics teacher education advanced methods: an example in dynamic geometry

International audienceWe present a research work about an innovative national teacher training program in France: the Pairform@nce program, designed to sustain ICT integration. The Pairform@nce trainings are grounded in a principle of collective lesson design by teams of trainees; they associate face-to-face and distant training. We study here a training for secondary school teachers, whose objective is to foster the development of an inquiry-based approach in the teaching of mathematics, using investigative potentialities of dynamic geometry environments (DGE). We adopt the theoretical background of the documentational approach to didactics for studying how a training organizing the design of lessons by teachers teams can contribute to teacher professional development, directed in particular towards more inquiry in the classroom supported by DGE. This approach conceptualizes the interactions between teachers and resources as geneses: complex, long-term processes, associating evolutions and stability. In the frame of this approach, for studying these geneses, we develop a specific methodology: we organize a follow-up of teachers during several weeks; during this period, the teachers fill a logbook describing their activity; they answer to questionnaires and interviews; we also collect as completely as possible the material resources involved in their work. We followed in particular the work of a team of trainees; drawing on the data collected, we analyse their professional development, related with the training. We discuss on a more general level, the consequences of a training based on collective documentation work for the integration of technology by mathematics teachers
Speciation and bioavailability of dissolved copper in different freshwaters: Comparison of modelling, biological and chemical responses in aquatic mosses and gammarids

International audienceBiological and chemical measurements were performed in mesocosms to investigate the bioavailability of cop-per, with a greater emphasis on the effects of competing ions and copper speciation. Measurements were achieved in three different natural waters for two aquatic species (Gammarus pulex and Fontinalis antipyretica) along a copper gradient concentration: natural concentration, spiked at 5 and 15 μg L −1 . Aquatic mosses exhibited high enrichment rates that were above the background levels compared to gammarids. The accumu-lation of copper in F. antipyretica is better correlated to the weakly complexed copper concentrations measured using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) than to the free copper concentration measured using an ion selective electrode (ISE). In unspiked natural waters, the presence of dissolved organic ligands strongly controls the metal speciation and consequently largely minimised the impact of competing cations on the accumulation of Cu in mosses. Furthermore, the BioMet Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) successfully describes the site-specific copper bioaccumulation for the freshwater mosses studied. However, the comparison of the results with a previous study appears to indicate that the adsorption/desorption of Cu in mosses is impacted by seasons. This highlights a limit of the BioMet model in which the physiological state of aquatic organisms is not considered. No toxic effect of Cu exposure on lipid peroxidation was observed in the mosses and gammarids regardless of the site and the concentration considered. However, the oxidative stress measured in the mosses via their guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity increased in the case where internalised Cu reached maximal values, which suggests a threshold effect on the GPX activity
Local landmark alignment for high-resolution fMRI group studies: toward a fine cortical investigation of hand movements in human.

International audienceConverging evidence conclusively demonstrates the robust relationship between anatomical landmarks and underlying functional organization in primary cortical regions. In consequence, a precise alignment across subjects of such specific individual landmarks should improve the overlap of the corresponding functional areas and thus the detection of active clusters at the group level. In an effort to define a dedicated processing pipeline for a fine non-invasive exploration of the motor cortex in human, we evaluated four recent non-linear registration methods based on anatomical and functional indexes. We used high-resolution functional MRI data to finely reveal the impact of the registration on the cortical assignment of the detected clusters. Our results first demonstrate that the quality of registration strongly affects the statistical significance and the assignment of activated clusters to specific anatomical regions, here in the primary motor area. Our results also illustrate the bias induced by the chosen reference template on the detected clusters. The analysis of the Jacobian of the deformation field informs us about how each method deforms the anatomical structures and functional maps. The methodology we propose, combining high resolution fMRI and non-linear registration method, allows a robust non-invasive exploration of the motor cortex
Investigating fuel poverty in the transport sector: toward a composite indicator of vulnerability

International audienceThis paper investigates the issue of fuel poverty and of its measurement in the transport sector. We seek to identify households who run the risk of facing difficulties if fuel prices increase. We show that fuel poverty indicators from the domestic sector are not satisfactory in this regard. They fail to take into account three specificities of the transport sector: (1) the diversity of travel needs, (2) restriction behaviours, and (3) variable capacities to adapt. We propose a composite indicator that targets factors of vulnerabilities. In contrast to the previous indicators, it does not solely focus on budgetary aspects but also reflects conditions of mobility. Three levels of exposition to rising fuel prices are considered, depending on the combinations of factors. We test this indicator on French data and find that 7,8% of French households are identified fuel poor, a further 7,4% fuel vulnerable and a further 3,7% fuel dependent
Fusion of the most neutron-rich nucleus 8He : Recent results from GANIL

Re-accelerated radioactive ions beams of 8He from the SPIRAL facility at GANIL have been used to perform the ﬁrst experimental investigations at energies around the Coulomb barrier of fusion and direct reactions with the most neutron rich 8He. Two experiments (in the 8He+65Cu and 8He+197Au systems) have been performed, using the complementarity of in-beam and off-beam techniques, to measure integral and differential cross sections for elastic scattering, fusion and neutron(s) transfer. These results, compared with Coupled Reaction Channels calculations as well as phenomenological approaches allowed to probe and understand the different facets of the interplay between the intrinsic structure of 8He and reaction mechanisms
An Entirely Model-Based Framework for Hardware Design and Simulation

International audienceFor a long time, the code generation from domain-specific and/or model-based languages to implementation ones remained manual and error-prone. The use of modeling was required in the early stages of development to ease the design and communicate intents, but because of the manual implementation, there were no traceability and no formal link with the final code. Model-Driven Development (MDD) was unable to win its audience. Today, models constructed with UML have an equivalent representation in XML. And thanks to XML technologies, manipulating models for data mining, transformation or code generation becomes possible. MDD is now commonly used within the software community. Next, for the hardware community, this work will empower the use of MDD in hardware design and simulation. It offers a completely operational framework based on OMG standards: UML and MARTE
K–H 2 line shapes for the spectra of cool brown dwarfs

International audienceObservations of cooler and cooler brown dwarfs show that the contribution from broadening at many bars pressure is becoming important. The opacity in the red optical to near-IR region under these conditions is dominated by the extremely pressure-broadened wings of the alkali resonance lines, in particular, the K I resonance doublet at 0.77 µm. Collisions with H 2 are preponderant in brown dwarf atmospheres at an effective temperature of about 1000 K; the H 2 perturber densities reach several 10 19 even in Jupiter-mass planets and exceed 10 20 for super-Jupiters and older Y dwarfs. As a consequence, it appears that when the far wing absorption due to alkali atoms in a dense H 2 atmosphere is significant, accurate pressure broadened profiles that are valid at high densities of H 2 should be incorporated into spectral models
Large-scale displacement along the Altyn Tagh Fault (North Tibet) since its Eocene initiation: Insight from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and subsurface data

International audienceMarking the northern boundary of the Tibetan plateau, the Altyn Tagh fault plays a crucial role in accommodatingthe Cenozoic crustal deformation affecting the plateau. However, its initiation time and amount of offset are stillcontroversial despite being key information for the understanding of Tibet evolution. In this study, we present1122 single LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U–Pb ages obtained from 11 Mesozoic to Cenozoic sandstone samples, collectedalong two sections in the northwestern Qaidam basin (Eboliang and Huatugou). These data are combinedwith new3D seismic reflection profiles to demonstrate that: (1) fromthe Paleocene to early Eocene, the Eboliangsection was approximately located near the present position of Anxi, 360 ± 40 km southwest from its currentlocation along the Altyn Tagh fault, and sediments were mainly derived from the Altyn Tagh Range. At thesame period, the Huatugou section was approximately located near the present position of Tula, ca. 360 kmsouthwest from its current location along the Altyn Tagh fault, and the Eastern Kunlun Range represented a significantsediment source. (2) Left-lateral strike-slip movement along the Altyn Tagh fault initiated during theearly-middle Eocene, resulting in northeastward displacement of the two sections. (3) By early Miocene, the intensivedeformation within the Altyn Tagh Range and northwestern Qaidam basin strongly modified the drainagesystem, preventing the materials derived fromthe Altyn Tagh Range to reach the Eboliang and the Huatugousections. The post-Oligocene clastic material in the western Qaidam basin is generally derived fromlocal sourcesand recycling of the deformed Paleocene to Oligocene strata. From these data, we suggest enhanced tectonic activitywithin the Altyn Tagh Range and northwestern Qaidam basin since Miocene time, and propose an earlymiddleEocene initiation of left-lateral strike-slip faulting leading to a 360 ± 40 km offset along the Altyn Taghfaul
Reconstructing fluid-flow events in Lower-Triassic sandstones of the eastern Paris Basin by elemental tracing and isotopic dating of nanometric illite crystals

International audienceLower- to Middle-Triassic sandstones from eastern Paris Basin were buried to a maximum depth of 2500 m at a paleo-temperature of about 100 °C. They contain extensive amounts of authigenic platy and filamentous illite particles similar to those reported in reservoirs generally buried at 3000 to 5000 m and subjected to temperatures of 120 to 150 °C. To evaluate this unexpected occurrence, such sandstones were collected from drill cores between 1825 and 2000 m depth, and nanometric-sized sub-fractions were separated. The illite crystals were identified by XRD, observed by SEM and TEM, analyzed for their major, trace, rare-earth elements and oxygen isotope compositions, and dated by K-Ar and Rb-Sr.Illite particles display varied growth features in the rock pore space and on authigenic quartz and adularia that they postdate. TEM-EDS crystal-chemical in situ data show that the illite lath/fiber and platelet morphologies correspond at least to two populations with varied interlayer charges: between 0.7 and 0.9 in the former and between 0.8 and 1.0 in the latter, the Fe/Fe+Mg ratio being higher in the platelets. Except for the deeper conglomerate, the PAAS-normalized REE patterns of the illite crystals are bell-shaped, enriched in middle REEs. Ca-carbonates and Ca-phosphates were detected together with illite in the separates. These soluble components yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios that are not strictly in chemical equilibrium with the illite crystals, suggesting successive fluids flows with different chemical compositions. The K-Ar data of finer <0.05 μm illite separates confirm two crystallization events at 179.4 ± 4.5 and 149.4 ± 2.5 Ma during the Early and Late Jurassic. The slightly coarser fractions contain also earlier crystallized or detrital K-bearing minerals characterized by lower δ18O values. The δ18O of the finest authigenic illite separates tends to decrease slightly with depth, from 18.2 (± 0.2) to 16.3 (± 0.2) ‰, suggesting different but contemporaneous crystallization conditions deeper in the section.The illite platelets and filaments crystallized in changing physical-chemical crystallization conditions induced by fluids flows through the host-rock pore system. These flow events were probably driven by repetitive rifting episodes of the North Atlantic Ocean, although located several hundreds kilometers away from eastern Paris Basin, and/or by fracturing events in the nearby basement of the Vosges Massif. Complex relationships between geodynamical events, thermal anomalies, and advective fluids confirm that remote tectonic activities can impact quiescent basins, even if located far from tectono-thermal activities, by discrete and long-distance fluid flows
Morphological characterization and analytical applicaton of poly (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Prussian Blue compostie films electrodeposited in situ on platinum electred CHIPS.

International audienceElectrochemical in situ preparation and morphological characterization of inorganic redox material-organic conducting polymer coatings as thin films on platinum electrodes are presented. Composite inorganic-organic coatings consist of Prussian blue (PB) and [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)] (PEDOT), and PEDOT organic polymers doped with ferricyanide (PEDOT-FeCN). The PEDOT coating deposited from an aqueous solution containing the EDOT monomer and LiClO4 as supporting electrolyte was used as a "reference" material (PEDOT-ClO4). The composite coatings were prepared by electrochemical methods on platinum electrode chips, which consist of a 150 nm Pt layer deposited on 100-oriented standard 3'' silicon wafers. Electrochemical behavior of the composite inorganic-organic coatings is based mainly on inorganic component redox reactions. Different surface properties of the composite materials were studied. Thus, the roughness of the deposited films was measured by both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry, leading to roughness values ranging from 3 nm to 217 nm for PEDOT-ClO4, and PEDOT-FeCN and PEDOT-PB coatings, respectively. AFM and Scanning Electron Microscopy pictures were also produced to characterize the film morphologies, and revealed a granular pattern of the deposited inorganic component inside the organic polymer matrix. Moreover, the adhesion properties of the composites were studied by AFM and proved to be very different from one material to the other depending on the film structure. The electrochemical responses of these composite coatings to H2O2 reduction were also investigated using chronoamperometry. A linear response over a concentration range from 1 10-4 to 1 10-5 M and a detection limit of 10 μM were obtained
An iterative study of time independent induction effects in magnetohydrodynamics

International audienceWe introduce a new numerical approach to study magnetic induction in flows of an electrically conducting fluid submitted to an external applied field B-0. In our procedure the induction equation is solved iteratively in successive orders of the magnetic Reynolds number Rm. All electrical quantities such as potential, currents, and fields are computed explicitly with real boundary conditions. We validate our approach on the well known case of the expulsion of magnetic field lines from large scale eddies. We then apply our technique to the study of the induction mechanisms in the von Karman flows generated in the gap between coaxial rotating disks. We demonstrate how the omega and alpha effects develop in this flow, and how they could cooperate to generate a dynamo in this homogeneous geometry. We also discuss induction effects that specifically result from boundary conditions
Global spectral energy distribution of the Crab Nebula in the prospect of the Planck satellite polarisation calibration

Whithin the framework of the Planck satellite polarisation calibration, we present a study of the Crab Nebula spectral energy distribution (SED) over more than 6 decades in frequency ranging from 1 to $\rm 10^6 \ GHz$. The Planck satellite mission observes the sky from 30 to 857 GHz and therefore we focus on the millimetre region. We use radio and submillimetre data from the WMAP satellite between 23 and 94~GHz (from 13 to 3.18 mm) and from the Archeops balloon experiment between 143 (2.1~mm) and 545~GHz (0.55~mm), and a compendium of other Crab Nebula observations. The Crab SED is compared to models including three main components : synchrotron which is responsible for the emission at low and at high frequencies, dust which explains the excess of flux observed by the IRAS satellite and an extra component on the millimetre regime. From this analysis we conclude that the unpolarised emission of the Crab Nebula at microwave and millimetre wavelengths is the same synchrotron emission that the one observed in the radio domain. Therefore, we expect the millimetre emission of the Crab nebula to be polarised with the same degree of polarisation and orientation than the radio emission. We set upper limits on the possible errors induced by any millimetre extra component on the reconstruction of the degree and angle of polarisation at the percent level as a maximum. This result strongly supports the choice by the Planck collaboration of the Crab nebula emission for performing polarisation cross-checks in the range 30 (299 mm) to 353 GHz (0.849 mm)
Along-strike variations of P-T conditions in accretionary wedges and syn-orogenic extension, the HP-LT Phyllite-Quartzite Nappe in Crete and the Peloponnese

International audienceSyn-orogenic detachments in accretionary wedges make the exhumation of high-pressure and low-temperature metamorphic rocks possible with little erosion. The velocity of exhumation within the subduction channel or the accretionary complex, and thus the shape of P-T paths, depend upon the kinematic boundary conditions. A component of slab retreat tends to open the channel and facilitates the exhumation. We document the effect of slab retreat on the shape of P-T paths using the example of the Phyllite-Quartzite Nappe that has been exhumed below the Cretan syn-orogenic detachment during the Miocene in Crete and the Peloponnese. Data show a clear tendency toward colder conditions at peak pressure and during exhumation where the intensity of slab retreat is larger. This spatial evolution of P-T gradient is accompanied with an evolution from a partly coaxial regime below the Peloponnese section of the detachment toward a clearly non-coaxial regime in Crete
Multiaxial fatigue models for short glass fibre reinforced polyamide. Part II: Fatigue life estimation

WOSInternational audienceComponents made of short fibre reinforced thermoplastics are increasingly used in the automotive industry, and more frequently subjected to fatigue loadings during their service life. The determination of a predictive fatigue criterion is therefore a serious issue for the designers, and requires the knowledge of the local mechanical response. As the cyclic behaviour of polymeric material is reckoned to be highly nonlinear, even at room temperature, an accurate constitutive model is a preliminary step for confident fatigue design. Constitutive equations for the cyclic behaviour, developed and validated by the authors in Part I of this paper [Launay et al., Int J Fatigue, in press], are applied to the mechanical analysis of fatigue campaigns carried out by Klimkeit et al. and De Monte et al. on specimens made out of polyamide 66 reinforced with 35 wt.% of short glass fibres. Both studies are performed at room temperature, with material conditioned at the equilibrium with air containing 50% of relative humidity (RH50) or dry-as-moulded (DAM). Post-processing the cyclic response in steady-state allows the comparison of several fatigue criteria. The fatigue databases involve various loadings, including the study of multiaxiality and mean-stress effects on different microstructures. Among all physical quantities, the dissipated energy density per cycle ΔWdiss displays the best correlation with the fatigue life