pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson
  production in the diphoton decay channel at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for
Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy
of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The analysis is performed in the $H \rightarrow
\gamma\gamma$ decay channel using 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data recorded by the ATLAS
experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a
fit to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the
resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields
are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The
$pp\rightarrow H \rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ fiducial cross section is measured
to be $43.2 \pm 9.4 (stat) {}^{+3.2}_{-2.9} (syst) \pm 1.2 (lumi)$ fb for a
Higgs boson of mass 125.4 GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have
transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and
each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial
cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space
regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production
mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential
cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the
diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events.
The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the
theoretical expectations.Comment: 3 pages plus cover page plus author list (67 pages total), 13
  figures, 10 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary
  figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-10
Predicting atomic dopant solvation in helium clusters: the MgHe$_n$ case

We present a quantum Monte Carlo study of the solvation and spectroscopic
properties of the Mg doped helium clusters MgHe$_n$ with $n=2-50$. Three high
level (MP4, CCSD(T) and CCSDT) MgHe interaction potentials have been used to
study the sensitivity of the dopant location on the shape of the pair
interaction. Despite the similar MgHe well depth, the pair distribution
functions obtained in the diffusion Monte Carlo simulations markedly differ for
the three pair potentials, therefore indicating different solubility properties
for Mg in He$_n$. Moreover, we found interesting size effects for the behavior
of the Mg impurity.
  As a sensitive probe of the solvation properties, the Mg excitation spectra
have been simulated for various cluster sizes and compared with the available
experimental results. The interaction between the excited $^1$P Mg atom and the
He moiety has been approximated using the Diatomics-in-Molecules method and the
two excited $^1\Pi$ and $^1\Sigma$ MgHe potentials. The shape of the simulated
MgHe$_{50}$ spectra show a substantial dependency on the location of the Mg
impurity, and hence on the MgHe pair interaction employed.
  To unravel the dependency of the solvation behavior on the shape of the
computed potentials, exact Density Functional Theory has been adapted to the
case of doped He$_n$ and various energy distributions have been computed. The
results indicate the shape of the repulsive part of the MgHe potential as an
important cause of the different behaviours
Rapidity and transverse-momentum dependence of the inclusive
  J/$\mathbf{\psi}$ nuclear modification factor in p-Pb collisions at
  $\mathbf{\sqrt{\textit{s}_{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV

We have studied the transverse-momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) dependence of the
inclusive J/$\psi$ production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$
TeV, in three center-of-mass rapidity ($y_{\rm cms}$) regions, down to zero
$p_{\rm T}$. Results in the forward and backward rapidity ranges ($2.03 <
y_{\rm cms} < 3.53$ and $-4.46 <y_{\rm cms}< -2.96$) are obtained by studying
the J/$\psi$ decay to $\mu^+\mu^-$, while the mid-rapidity region ($-1.37 <
y_{\rm cms} < 0.43$) is investigated by measuring the ${\rm e}^+{\rm e}^-$
decay channel. The $p_{\rm T}$ dependence of the J/$\psi$ production cross
section and nuclear modification factor are presented for each of the rapidity
intervals, as well as the J/$\psi$ mean $p_{\rm T}$ values. Forward and
mid-rapidity results show a suppression of the J/$\psi$ yield, with respect to
pp collisions, which decreases with increasing $p_{\rm T}$. At backward
rapidity no significant J/$\psi$ suppression is observed. Theoretical models
including a combination of cold nuclear matter effects such as shadowing and
partonic energy loss, are in fair agreement with the data, except at forward
rapidity and low transverse momentum. The implications of the p-Pb results for
the evaluation of cold nuclear matter effects on J/$\psi$ production in Pb-Pb
collisions are also discussed.Comment: 27 pages, 7 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 22,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/155
The little-studied cluster Berkeley 90. I. LS III +46 11: a very massive
  O3.5 If* + O3.5 If* binary

Context: It appears that most (if not all) massive stars are born in multiple
systems. At the same time, the most massive binaries are hard to find due to
their low numbers throughout the Galaxy and the implied large distances and
extinctions. AIMS: We want to study: [a] LS III +46 11, identified in this
paper as a very massive binary; [b] another nearby massive system, LS III +46
12; and [c] the surrounding stellar cluster, Berkeley 90. Methods: Most of the
data used in this paper are multi-epoch high-S/N optical spectra though we also
use Lucky Imaging and archival photometry. The spectra are reduced with devoted
pipelines and processed with our own software, such as a spectroscopic-orbit
code, CHORIZOS, and MGB. Results: LS III +46 11 is identified as a new
very-early-O-type spectroscopic binary [O3.5 If* + O3.5 If*] and LS III +46 12
as another early O-type system [O4.5 V((f))]. We measure a 97.2-day period for
LS III +46 12 and derive minimum masses of 38.80$\pm$0.83 M_Sol and
35.60$\pm$0.77 M_Sol for its two stars. We measure the extinction to both
stars, estimate the distance, search for optical companions, and study the
surrounding cluster. In doing so, a variable extinction is found as well as
discrepant results for the distance. We discuss possible explanations and
suggest that LS III +46 12 may be a hidden binary system, where the companion
is currently undetected.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Time-like pion electromagnetic form factors in $k_{T}$ factorization
  with the Next-to-leading-order twist-3 contribution

We calculate the time-like pion electromagnetic form factor in the $k_T$
factorization formalism with the inclusion of the next-to-leading-order(NLO)
corrections to the leading-twist and sub-leading-twist contributions. It's
found that the total NLO correction can enhance (reduce) the magnitude (strong
phase) of the leading order form factor by $20\% - 30\%$ ( $< 15^o$) in the
considered invariant mass squared $q^2 > 5$ GeV$^2$, and the NLO twist-3
correction play the key role to narrow the gap between the pQCD predictions and
the measured values for the time-like pion electromagnetic form factor.Comment: 11 pags, 4 figure
Centrality dependence of high-$p_{\rm T}$ D meson suppression in Pb-Pb
  collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

The nuclear modification factor, $R_{\rm AA}$, of the prompt charmed mesons
${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$ and ${\rm D^{*+}}$, and their antiparticles, was
measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy
$\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV in two transverse momentum intervals, $5<p_{\rm
T}<8$ GeV/$c$ and $8<p_{\rm T}<16$ GeV/$c$, and in six collision centrality
classes. The $R_{\rm AA}$ shows a maximum suppression of a factor of 5-6 in the
10% most central collisions. The suppression and its centrality dependence are
compatible within uncertainties with those of charged pions. A comparison with
the $R_{\rm AA}$ of non-prompt ${\rm J}/\psi$ from B meson decays, measured by
the CMS Collaboration, hints at a larger suppression of D mesons in the most
central collisions.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, authors from page 16, published
  version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1643.
  Addendum to this paper published on JHEP 6 (2017) 1, also available at
  http://cds.cern.ch/record/226511
Search for a Higgs boson decaying into gamma* gamma to ll gamma with low
  dilepton mass in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search is described for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons, one of
which has an internal conversion to a muon or an electron pair (ll gamma). The
analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS
detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The events selected have an
opposite-sign muon or electron pair and a high transverse momentum photon. No
excess above background has been found in the three-body invariant mass range
120 < m[ll gamma] < 150 GeV, and limits have been derived for the Higgs boson
production cross section times branching fraction for the decay H to gamma*
gamma to ll gamma, where the dilepton invariant mass is less than 20 GeV. For a
Higgs boson with m[H] = 125 GeV, a 95% confidence level (CL) exclusion observed
(expected) limit is 6.7 (5.9 +2.8/-1.8) times the standard model prediction.
Additionally, an upper limit at 95% CL on the branching fraction of H to J/Psi
gamma for the 125 GeV Higgs boson is set at 1.5E-3.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal referenc
Impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine life : publication patterns, new discoveries, and future directions in research and management

Funding for R. Bruintjes, J. Purser, A. N. Radford, S. D, Simpson and M. A. Wale was provided by the UK Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). N.D. Merchant received travel funding from Ocean Networks Canada. RW was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (Project CONCEAL, FP7, PIIF-GA-2009-253407), and received travel funding to attend IMCC3 from the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB) Marine Section and the International Whaling Commission’s Climate Change steering group (with thanks to Mark Simmonds). A.J. Wright also received travel funding to attend IMCC3 from the SCB Marine Section. Date of Acceptance: 28/05/2015Anthropogenic underwater noise is now recognized as a world-wide problem, and recent studies have shown a broad range of negative effects in a variety of taxa. Underwater noise from shipping is increasingly recognized as a significant and pervasive pollutant with the potential to impact marine ecosystems on a global scale. We reviewed six regional case studies as examples of recent research and management activities relating to ocean noise in a variety of taxonomic groups, locations, and approaches. However, as no six projects could ever cover all taxa, sites and noise sources, a brief bibliometric analysis places these case studies into the broader historical and topical context of the peer-reviewed ocean noise literature as a whole. The case studies highlighted emerging knowledge of impacts, including the ways that non-injurious effects can still accumulate at the population level, and detailed approaches to guide ocean noise management. They build a compelling case that a number of anthropogenic noise types can affect a variety of marine taxa. Meanwhile, the bibliometric analyses revealed an increasing diversity of ocean noise topics covered and journal outlets since the 1940s. This could be seen in terms of both the expansion of the literature from more physical interests to ecological impacts of noise, management and policy, and consideration of a widening range of taxa. However, if our scientific knowledge base is ever to get ahead of the curve of rapid industrialization of the ocean, we are going to have to identify naïve populations and relatively pristine seas, and construct mechanistic models, so that we can predict impacts before they occur, and guide effective mitigation for the most vulnerable populations.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Light-cone anisotropy in the 21 cm signal from the epoch of reionization

Using a suite of detailed numerical simulations we estimate the level of anisotropy generated by the time evolution along the light cone of the 21cm signal from the epoch of reionization. Our simulations include the physics necessary to model the signal during both the late emission regime and the early absorption regime, namely X-ray and Lyman-band 3D radiative transfer in addition to the usual dynamics and ionizing UV transfer. The signal is analysed using correlation functions perpendicular and parallel to the line of sight (LOS). We reproduce general findings from previous theoretical studies: the overall amplitude of the correlations and the fact that the light cone anisotropy is visible only on large scales (100 cMpc). However, the detailed behaviour is different. At 3 different epochs, the amplitude of the correlations along and perpendicular to the LOS differ from each other, indicating anisotropy. These 3 epochs are associated with 3 events of the global reionization history: the overlap of ionized bubbles, the onset of mild heating by X-rays in regions around the sources, and the onset of efficient Lyman-alpha coupling in regions around the sources. A 20x20 deg^2 survey area may be necessary to mitigate sample variance when we use the directional correlation functions. On a 100 cMpc scale the light cone anisotropy dominates over the anisotropy generated by peculiar velocity gradients computed in the linear regime. By modelling instrumental noise and limited resolution, we find that the anisotropy should be easily detectable by the SKA, assuming perfect foreground removal, the limiting factor being a large enough survey size. In the case of the LOFAR, it is likely that only first anisotropy episode will fall in the observing frequency range and will be detectable only if sample variance is much reduced (i.e. a larger than 20x20 deg^2 survey, which is not presently planned)
A VLT/FLAMES survey for massive binaries in Westerlund 1. IV. Wd1-5 – binary product and a pre-supernova companion for the magnetar CXOU J1647-45?

Context. The first soft gamma-ray repeater was discovered over three decades ago, and was subsequently identified as a magnetar, a class of highly magnetised neutron star. It has been hypothesised that these stars power some of the brightest supernovae known, and that they may form the central engines of some long duration gamma-ray bursts. However there is currently no consenus on the formation channel(s) of these objects. Aims. The presence of a magnetar in the starburst cluster Westerlund 1 implies a progenitor with a mass ≥40 M⊙, which favours its formation in a binary that was disrupted at supernova. To test this hypothesis we conducted a search for the putative pre-SN companion. Methods. This was accomplished via a radial velocity survey to identify high-velocity runaways, with subsequent non-LTE model atmosphere analysis of the resultant candidate, Wd1-5. Results. Wd1-5 closely resembles the primaries in the short-period binaries, Wd1-13 and 44, suggesting a similar evolutionary history, although it currently appears single. It is overluminous for its spectroscopic mass and we find evidence of He- and N-enrichement, O-depletion, and critically C-enrichment, a combination of properties that is difficult to explain under single star evolutionary paradigms. We infer a pre-SN history for Wd1-5 which supposes an initial close binary comprising two stars of comparable (~ 41 M⊙ + 35 M⊙) masses. Efficient mass transfer from the initially more massive component leads to the mass-gainer evolving more rapidly, initiating luminous blue variable/common envelope evolution. Reverse, wind-driven mass transfer during its subsequent WC Wolf-Rayet phase leads to the carbon pollution of Wd1-5, before a type Ibc supernova disrupts the binary system. Under the assumption of a physical association between Wd1-5 and J1647-45, the secondary is identified as the magnetar progenitor; its common envelope evolutionary phase prevents spin-down of its core prior to SN and the seed magnetic field for the magnetar forms either in this phase or during the earlier episode of mass transfer in which it was spun-up. Conclusions. Our results suggest that binarity is a key ingredient in the formation of at least a subset of magnetars by preventing spin-down via core-coupling and potentially generating a seed magnetic field. The apparent formation of a magnetar in a Type Ibc supernova is consistent with recent suggestions that superluminous Type Ibc supernovae are powered by the rapid spin-down of these objects.This research is partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grant AYA2012-39364-C02-02
Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at √s=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8TeV. The\ud
analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the\ud
ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit\ud
to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ  fiducial cross section is measured to be 43.2 ±9.4 (stat.) +3.2 −2.9 (syst.) ±1.2 (lumi) fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4 GeV decaying to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms, or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but broadly in line with the theoretical expectations
Menopause as a predictor of new-onset asthma : a longitudinal northern European population study

There is limited and conflicting evidence on the effect of menopause on asthma.; We sought to study whether the incidence of asthma and respiratory symptoms differ by menopausal status in a longitudinal population-based study with an average follow-up of 12 years.; The Respiratory Health in Northern Europe study provided questionnaire data pertaining to respiratory and reproductive health at baseline (1999-2001) and follow-up (2010-2012). The study cohort included women aged 45 to 65 years at follow-up, without asthma at baseline, and not using exogenous hormones (n = 2322). Menopausal status was defined as nonmenopausal, transitional, early postmenopausal, and late postmenopausal. Associations with asthma (defined by the use of asthma medication, having asthma attacks, or both) and respiratory symptoms scores were analyzed by using logistic (asthma) and negative binomial (respiratory symptoms) regressions, adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, education, and study center.; The odds of new-onset asthma were increased in women who were transitional (odds ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.09-5.30), early postmenopausal (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.06-4.20), and late postmenopausal (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.31-9.05) at follow-up compared with nonmenopausal women. The risk of respiratory symptoms increased in early postmenopausal (coefficient, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.06-0.75) and late postmenopausal (coefficient, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.15-1.23) women. These findings were consistent irrespective of smoking status and across study centers.; New-onset asthma and respiratory symptoms increased in women becoming postmenopausal in a longitudinal population-based study. Clinicians should be aware that respiratory health might deteriorate in women during reproductive aging
Macrofaunal abundance and community composition at lower bathyal depths in different branches of the Whittard Canyon and on the adjacent slope (3500 m; NE Atlantic)

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We studied benthic macrofaunal abundance and community composition in replicate Megacorer samples obtained from three sites in different branches of the Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic) and one site on the adjacent slope to the west of the canyon system. All sites were located at a depth of ~3500 m. Abundance (macrobenthos sensu stricto, >300 μm) varied significantly (p<0.001) among sites, and decreased from east to west; highest in the Eastern branch (6249±standard deviation 1363 ind. m−2) and lowest on the slope (2744±SD 269 ind. m−2). Polychaetes were the dominant taxon, making up 53% of the macrofauna, followed by isopods (11%), tanaids (10%), bivalves (7%) and sipunculans (7%). Among the polychaetes, the Amphinomidae was the dominant family (27%), followed by the Spionidae (22%). Assemblage composition changed across the sites. From east to west, the proportion of polychaetes and isopods decreased (by 6% in each case), while sipunculans and tanaids increased (by 13% and 8%, respectively). The ranking of the two dominant polychaete families reversed from east to west (Eastern branch—Amphinomidae 36%, Spionidae 21%; Slope—Spionidae 30%, Amphinomidae 10%). Ordination of faunal groups (macrofaunal higher taxa, and polychaete families) revealed that the Central and Eastern branches were substantially similar, while the Western branch and slope sites were relatively distinct. A very similar pattern was evident in a corresponding ordination of environmental variables across the sites. An analysis of faunal similarities (ANOSIM) indicated that the Western branch/slope and Central branch/Eastern branch groups displayed the highest similarity. The clearest separation was between the slope and the Eastern branch. We conclude that, when compared at the same water depth, macrofaunal abundance and composition varies between open slope and canyon location, as well as among canyon branches. These differences probably reflect the influence of organic enrichment together with hydrodynamic activity, both of which are influenced by the topographic profile of individual canyon branches