pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the W+/-Z production cross section and limits on anomalous triple gauge couplings in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents a measurement of W± Z production in 1.02 fb⁻¹ of pp collision data at View the √s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2011. Doubly leptonic decay events are selected with electrons, muons and missing transverse momentum in the final state. In total 71 candidates are observed, with a background expectation of 12.1±1.4(stat.)+4.1−2.0 (syst.) events. The total cross section for W±Z production for Z/γ⁎ masses within the range 66 GeV to 116 GeV is determined to be σWZtot=20.5−2.8+3.1(stat.)−1.3+1.4(syst.)−0.8+0.9(lumi.) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model expectation of 17.30.8+1.3 pb. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are extracted.G.Aad ... P.Jackson ... L.Lee ... A.Petridis ... N.Soni ... M.J.White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
Evidence of exposure to Rickettsia felis in Australian patients.

Rickettsia felis is an emerging zoonosis, causing flea-borne spotted fever (FBSF). Serological diagnosis is typically confounded by cross-reactivity with typhus group rickettsiae and prior to the development of specific serological methods, cases of FBSF in Australia were misdiagnosed. Patient sera tested between August 2010 and December 2013 and known to be seropositive to R. typhi by immunofluorescence antibody testing (IFAT) were subsequently retested against R. felis using an R. felis-specific IFAT. Sera of 49 patients were of a sufficient quality to be included in re-analysis. A classification of FBSF and murine typhus (MT) was attributed to fourteen and seven patients respectively, based on a minimum four-fold higher antibody titre to R. felis than to R. typhi and vice versa. Twenty-eight patients were classified as indeterminate for either R. felis or R. typhi (antibody titres within two-fold of one another). Historically, it is likely that Australian patients clinically ill with FBSF were misdiagnosed. It is important that medical practitioners consider FBSF as part of their differential diagnoses, and obtain relevant history with regard to patient's exposure to domestic pets and their fleas. Australian microbiology diagnostic laboratories should include serological testing for R. felis as part of the diagnostic panel for febrile diseases. Veterinarians are encouraged to increase their awareness of this emerging zoonosis and advocate flea control in pets.Restricted Access: Metadata Onl
Mammographic Ellipse Modelling for Risk Estimation

AbstractIt has been shown that breast density and parenchymal patterns are significant indicators in mammographic risk assessment. In addition, studies have shown that the sensitivity of computer aided tools decreases significantly with increase in breast density. As such, mammographic density estimation and classification plays an important role in CAD systems. In this paper, we present the classification of mammographic images according to breast parenchymal structures through a multi-scale ellipse blob detection technique. Our classification is based on classifying the mammographic images of the MIAS dataset into high/low risk mammograms based on features extracted from a blob detection technique which is based on breast tissue structure. In addition, it evaluates the relation between the BIRADS classes and low/high risk mammograms. Results demonstrate the probability of estimating breast density using computer vision techniques to improve classification of mammographic images as low/high risk
Testing the Steady State Assumption for the Earth's Surface Denudation Using Li Isotopes in the Amazon Basin

AbstractIn this contribution we test the steady-state assumption for the surface denudation in the rivers from the Amazon basin by calculating “predicted” sediment concentration for each river using the Li isotope composition of dissolved and solid river materials. This calculation relies on a good estimation of the Li isotope composition of the bedrock drained by each River. By using the mean Li isotope composition of the major rock types from the literature, in combination with suspended sediment depth-profile and Nd isotope composition, it is possible to obtain an accurate estimation of the Li isotope composition of the bedrock. Calculated “Predicted” sediment concentration by the steady-state model agree well within a factor of two with the suspended sediment concentration derived from both decadal sediment gauging measurements and cosmogenic nuclides implying that the steady-state assumption is valid for the Amazon Rivers studied here. This has important implications for estimating the long-term erosion rates and constraining the geomorphic dynamic of watersheds using “non-traditional” isotopes
QCD compositeness as revealed in exclusive vector boson reactions through double-photon annihilation: e+e−→γγ⁎→γV0 and e+e−→γ⁎γ⁎→V0V0

AbstractWe study the exclusive double-photon annihilation processes, e+e−→γγ⁎→γV0 and e+e−→γ⁎γ⁎→Va0Vb0, where the Vi0 is a neutral vector meson produced in the forward kinematical region: s≫−t and −t≫ΛQCD2. We show how the differential cross sections dσdt, as predicted by QCD, have additional falloff in the momentum transfer squared t due to the QCD compositeness of the hadrons, consistent with the leading-twist fixed-θCM scaling laws, both in terms of conventional Feynman diagrams and by using the AdS/QCD holographic model to obtain the results more transparently. However, even though they are exclusive channels and not associated with the conventional electron–positron annihilation process e+e−→γ⁎→qq¯, these total cross sections σ(e+e−→γV0) and σ(e+e−→Va0Vb0), integrated over the dominant forward- and backward-θCM angular domains, scale as 1/s, and thus contribute to the leading-twist scaling behavior of the ratio Re+e−. We generalize these results to exclusive double-electroweak vector-boson annihilation processes accompanied by the forward production of hadrons, such as e+e−→Z0V0 and e+e−→W−ρ+. These results can also be applied to the exclusive production of exotic hadrons such as tetraquarks, where the cross-section scaling behavior can reveal their multiquark nature
Abstract simplicity of complete Kac–Moody groups over finite fields

AbstractLet G be a Kac–Moody group over a finite field corresponding to a generalized Cartan matrix A, as constructed by Tits. It is known that G admits the structure of a BN-pair, and acts on its corresponding building. We study the complete Kac–Moody group Ĝ which is defined to be the closure of G in the automorphism group of its building. Our main goal is to determine when complete Kac–Moody groups are abstractly simple, that is have no proper non-trivial normal subgroups. Abstract simplicity of Ĝ was previously known to hold when A is of affine type. We extend this result to many indefinite cases, including all hyperbolic generalized Cartan matrices A of rank at least four. Our proof uses Tits’ simplicity theorem for groups with a BN-pair and methods from the theory of pro-p groups
Rényi entropy and the thermodynamic stability of black holes

AbstractThermodynamic stability of black holes, described by the Rényi formula as equilibrium compatible entropy function, is investigated. It is shown that within this approach, asymptotically flat, Schwarzschild black holes can be in stable equilibrium with thermal radiation at a fixed temperature. This implies that the canonical ensemble exists just like in anti-de Sitter space, and nonextensive effects can stabilize the black holes in a very similar way as it is done by the gravitational potential of an anti-de Sitter space. Furthermore, it is also shown that a Hawking–Page-like black hole phase transition occurs at a critical temperature which depends on the q-parameter of the Rényi formula
Search for a pseudoscalar boson decaying into a Z boson and the 125 GeV Higgs boson in ℓ+ℓ−bb‾ final states

AbstractResults are reported on a search for decays of a pseudoscalar A boson into a Z boson and a light scalar h boson, where the Z boson decays into a pair of oppositely-charged electrons or muons, and the h boson decays into bb‾. The search is based on data from proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=8 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The h boson is assumed to be the standard model-like Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV. With no evidence for signal, upper limits are obtained on the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction of the A boson in the Zh channel. Results are also interpreted in the context of two Higgs doublet models
Understanding COPD: A vision on phenotypes, comorbidities and treatment approach

AbstractChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) phenotypes have become increasingly recognized as important for grouping patients with similar presentation and/or behavior, within the heterogeneity of the disease. The primary aim of identifying phenotypes is to provide patients with the best health care possible, tailoring the therapeutic approach to each patient.However, the identification of specific phenotypes has been hindered by several factors such as which specific attributes are relevant, which discriminant features should be used for assigning patients to specific phenotypes, and how relevant are they to the therapeutic approach, prognostic and clinical outcome. Moreover, the definition of phenotype is still not consensual. Comorbidities, risk factors, modifiable risk factors and disease severity, although not phenotypes, have impact across all COPD phenotypes.Although there are some identified phenotypes that are fairly consensual, many others have been proposed, but currently lack validation. The on-going debate about which instruments and tests should be used in the identification and definition of phenotypes has contributed to this uncertainty.In this paper, the authors review present knowledge regarding COPD phenotyping, discuss the role of phenotypes and comorbidities on the severity of COPD, propose new phenotypes and suggest a phenotype-based pharmacological therapeutic approach. The authors conclude that a patient-tailored treatment approach, which takes into account each patient's specific attributes and specificities, should be pursued
Non-standard neutrino interactions in the Zee–Babu model

AbstractWe investigate non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs) in the Zee–Babu model. The size of NSIs predicted by this model is obtained from a full scan over the parameter space, taking into account constraints from low-energy experiments such as searches for lepton flavor violation (LFV) and the requirement to obtain a viable neutrino mass matrix. The dependence on the scale of new physics as well as on the type of the neutrino mass hierarchy is discussed. We find that NSIs at the source of a future neutrino factory may be at an observable level in the νe→ντ and/or νμ→ντ channels. In particular, if the doubly charged scalar of the model has a mass in reach of the LHC and if the neutrino mass hierarchy is inverted, a highly predictive scenario is obtained with observable signals at the LHC, in upcoming neutrino oscillation experiments, in LFV processes, and for NSIs at a neutrino factory
Studying discrete dynamical systems through differential equations

AbstractIn this paper we consider dynamical systems generated by a diffeomorphism F defined on U an open subset of Rn, and give conditions over F which imply that their dynamics can be understood by studying the flow of an associated differential equation, x˙=X(x), also defined on U. In particular the case where F has n−1 functionally independent first integrals is considered. In this case X is constructed by imposing that it shares with F the same set of first integrals and that the functional equation μ(F(x))=det(DF(x))μ(x), x∈U, has some non-zero solution, μ. Several examples for n=2,3 are presented, most of them coming from several well-known difference equations
Standard isotrivial fibrations with pg=q=1

AbstractA smooth, projective surface S of general type is said to be a standard isotrivial fibration if there exists a finite group G acting faithfully on two smooth projective curves C and F so that S is isomorphic to the minimal desingularization of T:=(C×F)/G. If T is smooth then S=T is called a quasi-bundle. In this paper we classify the standard isotrivial fibrations with pg=q=1 which are not quasi-bundles, assuming that all the singularities of T are rational double points. As a by-product, we provide several new examples of minimal surfaces of general type with pg=q=1 and KS2=4,6
A random point field related to Bose–Einstein condensation

AbstractThe random point fields which describe the position distributions of the systems of ideal boson gas in states of Bose–Einstein condensations are obtained through the thermodynamic limits. The resulting point fields are given by convolutions of two kinds of independent point fields: the so-called boson processes whose generating functionals are represented by the inverses of the Fredholm determinants for operators related to the heat operator and the point fields whose generating functionals are represented by the resolvents of the operators. The construction of the latter point fields in an abstract formulation is also given
Topological susceptibility in full QCD with Ginsparg–Wilson fermions

AbstractWe show that, if the formula for the topological charge density operator suggested by the use of fermions obeying the Ginsparg–Wilson relation is employed, it is possible to give a precise and unambiguous definition of the topological susceptibility in full QCD, χfulltL, for finite quark masses on the lattice. The lattice expression of χfulltL looks like the formal continuum one, in the sense that no power divergent subtractions are needed for its proper definition. As a consequence, the small mass behaviour of χfulltL leads directly to a multiplicative renormalizable definition of the chiral condensate that does not require any power divergent subtraction
Costs of falls in an ageing population: A nationwide study from the Netherlands (2007–2009)

AbstractBackgroundFalls are a common mechanism of injury in the older population, putting an increasing demand on scarce healthcare resources. The objective of this study was to determine healthcare costs due to falls in the older population.MethodsAn incidence-based cost model was used to estimate the annual healthcare costs and costs per case spent on fall-related injuries in patients ≥65 years, The Netherlands (2007–2009). Costs were subdivided by age, gender, nature of injury, and type of resource use.ResultsIn the period 2007–2009, each year 3% of all persons aged ≥65 years visited the Emergency Department due to a fall incident. Related medical costs were estimated at €675.4 million annually. Fractures led to 80% (€540 million) of the fall-related healthcare costs. The mean costs per fall were €9370, and were higher for women (€9990) than men (€7510) and increased with age (from €3900 at ages 65–69 years to €14,600 at ages ≥85 year). Persons ≥80 years accounted for 47% of all fall-related Emergency Department visits, and 66% of total costs. The costs of long-term care at home and in nursing homes showed the largest age-related increases and accounted together for 54% of the fall-related costs in older people.DiscussionFall-related injuries are leading to a high healthcare consumption and related healthcare costs, which increases with age. Programmes to prevent falls and fractures should be further implemented in order to reduce costs due to falls in the older population and to avoid that healthcare systems become overburdened
Tracheostomy in patients with long-term mechanical ventilation: A survey

SummaryBackgroundTracheostomy is increasingly performed in intensive care units (ICU), with many patients transferred to respiratory ICU (RICU). Indications/timing for closing tracheostomy are discussed.Aim and MethodWe report results of a one-year survey evaluating: 1) clinical characteristics, types of tracheostomy, complications in patients admitted to Italian RICU in 2006; 2) clinical criteria and systems for performing decannulation, and outcome of patients undergoing tracheostomy (number decannulated; number non-decannulated/non-ventilated; number non-decannulated/ventilated; dead/lost patients).Results22/32 RICUs replied. There were 846 admissions of 719 patients (Mean age 64,3 (±14.2) years, 489 (68%) males). Causes of admission were: acute respiratory failure with underlying chronic co-morbidities 176 (24.4%); exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 222 (34.4%); neuromuscular diseases 200 (27.8%); surgical patients 77 (10.7%); thoracic dysmorphism 28 (3.8%); obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 16 (2.2%). Percutaneous tracheostomies were 65.9%. Major complications after tracheostomy were 2%. 427 tracheostomies were evaluated for decannulation: 96 (22.5%) were closed; 175 patients (41%) were discharged with home mechanical ventilation; 114 patients (26.5%) maintained the tracheostomy despite weaning from mechanical ventilation and 42 patients (10%) died or lost.The clinical criteria chosen for decannulation were: stability of respiratory conditions, effective cough, underlying diseases and ability to swallow. The systems for evaluating feasibility of decannulation were: closure of tracheostomy tube; laryngo-tracheoscopy; use of tracheal button and down-sizing.ConclusionsThere were few major complications of tracheostomy. A substantial proportion of patients maintain the tracheostomy despite not requiring mechanical ventilation. There was no agreement on indications and systems for closing tracheostomy
Measurement of the top quark mass in the tt¯→dilepton channel from s=8 TeV ATLAS data

AbstractThe top quark mass is measured in the tt¯→dilepton channel (lepton=e,μ) using ATLAS data recorded in the year 2012 at the LHC. The data were taken at a proton–proton centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 20.2 fb−1. Exploiting the template method, and using the distribution of invariant masses of lepton–b-jet pairs, the top quark mass is measured to be mtop=172.99±0.41 (stat)±0.74 (syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.84 GeV. Finally, a combination with previous ATLAS mtop measurements from s=7 TeV data in the tt¯→dilepton and tt¯→lepton+jets channels results in mtop=172.84±0.34 (stat)±0.61 (syst) GeV, with a total uncertainty of 0.70 GeV
Patient DF’s visual brain in action: Visual feedforward control in visual form agnosia

AbstractPatient DF, who developed visual form agnosia following ventral-stream damage, is unable to discriminate the width of objects, performing at chance, for example, when asked to open her thumb and forefinger a matching amount. Remarkably, however, DF adjusts her hand aperture to accommodate the width of objects when reaching out to pick them up (grip scaling). While this spared ability to grasp objects is presumed to be mediated by visuomotor modules in her relatively intact dorsal stream, it is possible that it may rely abnormally on online visual or haptic feedback. We report here that DF’s grip scaling remained intact when her vision was completely suppressed during grasp movements, and it still dissociated sharply from her poor perceptual estimates of target size. We then tested whether providing trial-by-trial haptic feedback after making such perceptual estimates might improve DF’s performance, but found that they remained significantly impaired. In a final experiment, we re-examined whether DF’s grip scaling depends on receiving veridical haptic feedback during grasping. In one condition, the haptic feedback was identical to the visual targets. In a second condition, the haptic feedback was of a constant intermediate width while the visual target varied trial by trial. Despite this incongruent feedback, DF still scaled her grip aperture to the visual widths of the target blocks, showing only normal adaptation to the false haptically-experienced width. Taken together, these results strengthen the view that DF’s spared grasping relies on a normal mode of dorsal-stream functioning, based chiefly on visual feedforward processing
The roles of the nucleus accumbens core, dorsomedial striatum, and dorsolateral striatum in learning: Performance and extinction of Pavlovian fear-conditioned responses and instrumental avoidance responses

AbstractThis study examined the effects of bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the nucleus accumbens core (NAc-co), dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of rats on the learning and extinction of Pavlovian and instrumental components of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). None of the lesions caused sensorimotor deficits that could affect locomotion. Lesions of the NAc-co, but not DMS or DLS, decreased unconditioned and conditioned freezing. The NAc-co and DLS lesioned rats learned the 2-way active avoidance task more slowly. These results suggest: (i) CARs depend on both Pavlovian and instrumental learning; (ii) learning the Pavlovian component of CARs depends on the NAc-co; learning the instrumental component of CARs depends on the DLS, NAc and DMS; (iii) although the NAc-co is also needed for learning the instrumental component, it is not clear whether it plays a role in learning the instrumental component per se or if it simply allows learning of the Pavlovian component which is a pre-condition for learning the instrumental component; (iv) we did not find evidence that the DMS and DLS play the same roles in habit and goal-directed aspects of the instrumental component of CARs as observed in appetitive motivated instrumental responding
Implementing Hydropower Scheduling in a European Expansion Planning Model

AbstractA method for implementing an enhanced hydropower planning formulation in a long-term expansion planning model is proposed. The methodological framework involves assigning hydropower generation a marginal cost through water values, enabling comparability with the marginal costs of competitive technologies. Added robustness and details in the representation of hydropower and its inherent storage capabilities allows for a more precise evaluation of the technology's impact on optimal investments for other power resources. The impact for intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power is especially interesting to analyze. Examination of effects from the richer formulation is carried out for an EU 20-20-20 like policy scenario. Optimization results for Europe in the period 2010 to 2060 show that the new framework leads to decreased utilization of hydropower due to its more precise valuation through water values, as well as lower inflow for run-of-the-river hydropower than previously. Therefore, additional investments are carried out for other energy sources that are deemed more economically beneficial. Notably, an earlier deployment of solar power is part of the revamped investment scheme