pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The molybdenum isotopic compositions of I-, S- and A- type granitic suites

JY is funded by a Clarendon Scholarship and a Dr Bill Willetts Scholarship from the University of Oxford. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) / ERC grant agreement No. 247422. This work has also supported by Science & Technology Facilities Council.This study reports Mo isotopic compositions for fifty-two Palaeozoic granitic rocks with contrasting source affinities (A-, I- and S-type) from the Lachlan Fold Belt (LFB) and the New England Batholith (NEB), both in SE Australia, and three compositionally zoned plutons (Loch Doon, Criffell, and Fleet) located in the South Uplands of Scotland. The results show relatively large variations in δ98Mo for igneous rocks ranging from -1.73‰ to 0.59‰ with significant overlaps between different types. No relationships between δ98Mo and δ18O or ASI (Alumina Saturation Index) are observed, indicating that Mo isotopes do not clearly distinguish igneous versus sedimentary source types. Instead, effects of igneous processes, source mixing, regional geology, as well as hydrothermal activity control the Mo isotope compositions in these granites. It is found that Mo is mainly accommodated in biotite and to a lesser extent in hornblende. Hornblende and Fe3+-rich minerals may preferentially incorporate light isotopes, as reflected by negative correlations between δ98Mo and K/Rb and [Fe2O3]. There is a positive correlation between initial 87Sr/86Sr and δ98Mo in I-type granitic rocks, reflecting the admixing of material from isotopically distinct sources. Granitic rocks from Scotland and Australia display strikingly similar curvilinear trends in δ98Mo vs. initial 87Sr/86Sr despite the differing regional geology. Localized hydrothermal effects on Mo isotopes in three samples from Loch Doon and Criffell can result in anomalously low δ98Mo of < -1‰. Based on this study, an estimate of δ98Mo = 0.14±0.07‰ (95% s.e.) for the Phanerozoic upper crust is proposed. This is slightly heavier than basalts indicating an isotopically light lower crust and / or a systematic change to the crust resulting from subduction of isotopically light dehydrated slab and / or pelagic sediment over time.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Questions about answers : probing teachers' awareness and planned remediation of learners' misconceptions about electric circuits

This article reports an exploratory multi-case study on how science teachers understand and envisage
addressing learners’ misconceptions about electric circuits. Four teachers from schools in and around a
large South African city participated in the study. An open-ended questionnaire was designed in a novel
way, questioning teachers about wrong answers they expected from their learners in test items suitable
for Grade 9. Semi-structured interviews supported the questionnaire results, providing insight into the
teachers’ understanding of learners’ misconceptions, and their ideas about how learners’ misconceptions
should be addressed. Two of the teachers showed insight into learners’ conceptual difficulties, reflecting
on learners’ thinking. Another teacher indicated some typical wrong answers but seldom understood the
misconceptions leading to these mistakes, while the remaining teacher did not expect typical wrong
answers corresponding to well-known misconceptions. All the teachers indicated that they would address
learners’ mistakes mostly by practical work or demonstrations, but only two of the teachers also referred
to the importance of developing conceptual understanding. Results suggest that these teachers’
understanding of learners’ misconceptions relates to their own subject matter knowledge. Furthermore,
the study showed that the technique of questioning teachers about anticipated learners’ answers is a
promising way of probing teachers’ understanding of learners’ misconceptions and the strategies they
envisage using to address these misconceptions. It is recommended that learners’ misconceptions be
addressed explicitly in teacher preparation and professional development programmes as an avenue to
develop teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK).http://www.journals.co.za/ej/ejour_saarmste.htmlam201
NNLL resummation for the associated production of a top pair and a Higgs boson at the LHC.

We study the resummation of soft gluon emission corrections to the production of a top-antitop pair in association with a Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider. Starting from a soft-gluon resummation formula derived in previous work, we develop a bespoke parton-level Monte Carlo program which can be used to calculate the total cross section along with differential distributions. We use this tool to study the phenomenological impact of the resummation to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy, finding that these corrections increase the total cross section and the differential distributions with respect to NLO calculations of the same observables
‘Looting marks’ in space-borne SAR imagery : measuring rates of archaeological looting in Apamea (Syria) with TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight.

In archaeological remote sensing, space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has not been used so far to monitor ‘looting’ (i.e. illegal excavations in heritage sites) mainly because of the spatial resolution of SAR images, typically not comparable to the ground dimensions of looting features. This paper explores the potential of the new TerraSAR-X beam mode Staring Spotlight (ST) to investigate looting within a workflow of radar backscattering change detection. A bespoke time series of five single polarisation, ascending mode, ST scenes with an unprecedented azimuth resolution of 0.24 m was acquired over the archaeological site of Apamea in western Syria, from October 2014 to June 2015 with a regular sampling of one image every two months. Formerly included in the Tentative List of UNESCO, the site has been heavily looted from at least early 2012 to May 2014, as confirmed by Google Earth Very High Resolution (VHR) optical imagery. Building upon the theory of SAR imaging, we develop a novel conceptual model of ‘looting marks’, identify marks due to occurrence of new looting and discriminate them from alteration (e.g. filling) of pre-existing looting holes. ‘Looting marks’ appear as distinctive patterns of shadow and layover which are visible in the ground-range reprojected ST image and generated by the morphology of the holes. The recognition of looting marks within ratio maps of radar backscatter (σ0) between consecutive ST scenes allows quantification of the magnitude, spatial distribution and rates of looting activities. In agreement with the estimates based on Google Earth imagery, the ST acquired in October 2014 shows that ~ 45% of the site was looted. In the following eight months new looting happened locally, with holes mainly dug along the margins of the already looted areas. Texture values of ~ 0.31 clearly distinguish these holes from the unaltered, bare ground nearby. Hot spots of change are identified based on the temporal variability of σ0, and colour composites indicate where repeated looting and alteration of existing holes occurred. Most looting marks are observed north of the two main Roman decumani. Looting intensified almost steadily from December 2014, with over 1500 new marks in February–April 2015. The estimated rates of looting increased from 214 looting marks/month in October–December 2014 to over 780 marks/month in April–June 2015, and numerically express the dynamic nature of the phenomenon to which Apamea is still exposed. The method of identifying looting marks in VHR radar images therefore proves a reliable opportunity for archaeologists and image analysts to measure remotely the scale of looting and monitor its temporal evolution
Exploring practice characteristics and research priorities of practitioners of traditional acupuncture in China and the EU—A survey

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceAcupuncture practice is based on the theoretical, historical and philosophical principles, which are part of Chinese medicine. Traditional acupuncture practitioners assess their patients’ conditions using Chinese medicine diagnostic techniques, which determine clinical care and treatment. Little is known about differences in the perceptions of research evidence among practitioners in the European Union (EU) and China, given the diversity of acupuncture practice.Material and methodsThis study explored differences between practitioners of traditional acupuncture regarding perceived need for research evidence and prioritisation for future clinical trials, based on their practice within the EU and China.A convenience sample of acupuncturists in the EU (contacted by their professional organisation) and China (from geographically dispersed hospitals) were invited to participate in a survey, which was conducted during 2010/2011. Data collected included: practitioners’ demographic details, country of training, practice setting, acupuncture techniques, perceived adverse event reporting, diagnostic methods, conditions commonly treated, conditions perceived as needing more evidence and practitioner perceptions of conditions which could demonstrate benefit if investigated in clinical trials.ResultsFrom 1126 survey responses, 1020 (559 EU, 461 China) could be included in the analysis for direct comparison. A response rate for the EU could not be calculated but for China was 98%. Pain was the most frequently reported commonly treated condition by EU acupuncturists and neurological conditions (mainly stroke) for Chinese practitioners. The top reported priorities for research were obstetrics/gynaecological conditions in the EU and neurological problems in China.ConclusionThe survey identified differences in practice and training between acupuncturists in China and the EU and between EU member states. These differences may inform prioritisation of health conditions for future trials. Innovative research methods are recommended to incorporate the complexity and plurality of acupuncture practice and theory. Creation of collaborative networks is crucial in overcoming these differences to facilitate international, multi-centre clinical trials
An absolute requirement for both the type II and type I receptors, punt and thick veins, for Dpp signaling in vivo

AbstractTGFβ elicits diverse cellular responses by signaling through receptor complexes formed by two distantly related transmembrane serine/threonine kinases called type II and type I receptors. Previous studies have indicated that the product of the Drosophila thick veins (tkv) gene is a type I receptor for decapentaplegic (dpp). Here, we show that the Drosophila gene punt encodes a homolog of a vertebrate type II receptor, and we demonstrate that punt, like tkv, is essential in vivo for dpp-dependent patterning processes. Because no dpp-related signaling is apparent in the absence of either the punt or tkv receptor, we infer that both receptors act in concert to transduce the dpp signal and that their functions cannot be replaced by the other extant type II and I receptors
ADM mass and quasilocal energy of black hole in the deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity

AbstractInspired by the Einstein–Born–Infeld black hole, we introduce the isolated horizon to study the Kehagias–Sfetsos (KS) black hole in the deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity. This is because the KS black hole is more close to the Einstein–Born–Infeld black hole than the Reissner–Nordström black hole. We find the horizon and ADM masses by using the first law of thermodynamics and the area-law entropy. The mass parameter m is identified with the quasilocal energy at infinity. Accordingly, we discuss the phase transition between the KS and Schwarzschild black holes by considering the heat capacity and free energy
Geometry and Physics of Catenanes Applied to the Study of DNA Replication

AbstractThe concept of ideal geometric configurations was recently applied to the classification and characterization of various knots. Different knots in their ideal form (i.e., the one requiring the shortest length of a constant-diameter tube to form a given knot) were shown to have an overall compactness proportional to the time-averaged compactness of thermally agitated knotted polymers forming corresponding knots. This was useful for predicting the relative speed of electrophoretic migration of different DNA knots. Here we characterize the ideal geometric configurations of catenanes (called links by mathematicians), i.e., closed curves in space that are topologically linked to each other. We demonstrate that the ideal configurations of different catenanes show interrelations very similar to those observed in the ideal configurations of knots. By analyzing literature data on electrophoretic separations of the torus-type of DNA catenanes with increasing complexity, we observed that their electrophoretic migration is roughly proportional to the overall compactness of ideal representations of the corresponding catenanes. This correlation does not apply, however, to electrophoretic migration of certain replication intermediates, believed up to now to represent the simplest torus-type catenanes. We propose, therefore, that freshly replicated circular DNA molecules, in addition to forming regular catenanes, may also form hemicatenanes
Muon anomalous magnetic moment in SUSY B−L model with inverse seesaw

AbstractMotivated by the tension between the Higgs mass and muon g−2 in minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), we analyze the muon g−2 in supersymmetric B−L extension of the standard model (BLSSM) with inverse seesaw mechanism. In this model, the Higgs mass receives extra important radiative corrections proportional to large neutrino Yukawa coupling. We point out that muon g−2 also gets significant contribution, due to the constructive interferences of light neutralino effects. The light neutralinos are typically the MSSM Bino like and the supersymmetric partner of U(1)B−L gauge boson (B˜′-ino). We show that with universal soft supersymmetry breaking terms, the muon g−2 resides within 2σ of the measured value, namely ∼20×10−10, with Higgs mass equal to 125 GeV
Optimising the performance of the spectral/hp element method with collective linear algebra operations

AbstractAs computing hardware evolves, increasing core counts mean that memory bandwidth is becoming the deciding factor in attaining peak performance of numerical methods. High-order finite element methods, such as those implemented in the spectral/hp framework Nektar++, are particularly well-suited to this environment. Unlike low-order methods that typically utilise sparse storage, matrices representing high-order operators have greater density and richer structure. In this paper, we show how these qualities can be exploited to increase runtime performance on nodes that comprise a typical high-performance computing system, by amalgamating the action of key operators on multiple elements into a single, memory-efficient block. We investigate different strategies for achieving optimal performance across a range of polynomial orders and element types. As these strategies all depend on external factors such as BLAS implementation and the geometry of interest, we present a technique for automatically selecting the most efficient strategy at runtime
Investigating local relationships between trace elements in soils and cancer data

AbstractMedical geology research has recognised a number of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, vanadium, uranium and zinc, known to influence human disease by their respective deficiency or toxicity. As the impact of infectious diseases has decreased and the population ages, so cancer has become the most common cause of death in developed countries including Northern Ireland. This research explores the relationship between environmental exposure to potentially toxic elements in soil and cancer disease data across Northern Ireland. The incidences of twelve different cancer types (lung, stomach, leukaemia, oesophagus, colorectal, bladder, kidney, breast, mesothelioma, melanoma and non melanoma (NM) skin cancer both basal and squamous) were examined in the form of twenty-five coded datasets comprising aggregates over the 12 year period from 1993 to 2006. A local modelling technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR) is used to explore the relationship between environmental exposure and cancer disease data. The results show comparisons of the geographical incidence of certain cancers (stomach and NM squamous skin cancer) in relation to concentrations of certain PTEs (arsenic levels in soils and radon were identified). Findings from the research have implications for regional human health risk assessments
Screening length in (2+1)-dimensional Abelian Chern–Simons theories

AbstractIn this Letter, we systematically study the question of screening length in Abelian Chern–Simons theories. In the Abelian Higgs theory, where there are two massive poles in the gauge propagator at the tree level, we show that the coefficient of one of them becomes negligible at high temperature and that the screening length is dominantly determined by the parity violating part of the self-energy. In this theory, static magnetic fields are screened. In the fermion theory, on the other hand, the parity conserving part of the self-energy determines the screening length and static magnetic fields are not screened. Several other interesting features are also discussed
How anxiety induces verbal hallucinations

AbstractVerbal hallucinations are often associated with pronounced feelings of anxiety, and it has also been suggested that anxiety somehow triggers them. In this paper, we offer a phenomenological or ‘personal-level’ account of how it does so. We show how anxious anticipation of one’s own thought contents can generate an experience of their being ‘alien’. It does so by making an experience of thinking more like one of perceiving, resulting in an unfamiliar kind of intentional state. This accounts for a substantial subset of verbal hallucinations, which are experienced as falling within one’s psychological boundaries and lacking in auditory qualities
Combining LEP and LHC to bound the Higgs width

AbstractThe correlation of on- and off-shell Higgs boson production at the LHC in gg→h⁎→ZZ has been used to bound the Higgs width. We propose an alternative complementary constraint which is only possible through the combination of LEP and LHC measurements. Precision electroweak measurements at LEP allow for the determination of indirect constraints on Higgs couplings to vector bosons by considering one-loop processes involving virtual Higgs exchange. As the indirect constraint is model dependent we will consider two specific models which modify the Higgs couplings and width, and our results will apply specifically to these models. By combining these LEP constraints with current LHC 8 TeV Higgs measurements a stronger limit on the Higgs width can be achieved than with LHC data alone. Looking to the future, a more robust constraint can be achieved by correlating LEP measurements with WBF Higgs production followed by Higgs decays to WW and ZZ. We will discuss the model dependence of this method in comparison to other proposed methods
Facial colorings using Hall’s Theorem

AbstractA vertex coloring of a plane graph is ℓ-facial if every two distinct vertices joined by a facial walk of length at most ℓ receive distinct colors. It has been conjectured that every plane graph has an ℓ-facial coloring with at most 3ℓ+1 colors. We improve the currently best known bound and show that every plane graph has an ℓ-facial coloring with at most ⌊7ℓ/2⌋+6 colors. Our proof uses the standard discharging technique, however, in the reduction part we have successfully applied Hall’s Theorem, which seems to be quite an unusual approach in this area
KAT2B Is Required for Pancreatic Beta Cell Adaptation to Metabolic Stress by Controlling the Unfolded Protein Response

SummaryThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPRer) pathway plays an important role in helping pancreatic β cells to adapt their cellular responses to environmental cues and metabolic stress. Although altered UPRer gene expression appears in rodent and human type 2 diabetic (T2D) islets, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. We show here that germline and β cell-specific disruption of the lysine acetyltransferase 2B (Kat2b) gene in mice leads to impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. Genome-wide analysis of Kat2b-regulated genes and functional assays reveal a critical role for Kat2b in maintaining UPRer gene expression and subsequent β cell function. Importantly, Kat2b expression is decreased in mouse and human diabetic β cells and correlates with UPRer gene expression in normal human islets. In conclusion, Kat2b is a crucial transcriptional regulator for adaptive β cell function during metabolic stress by controlling UPRer and represents a promising target for T2D prevention and treatment
Changes in time-segment specific physical activity between ages 10 and 14 years: A longitudinal observational study

AbstractObjectivesDescribe (1) time-segment specific changes in physical activity (PA) into adolescence, (2) differences in change in PA between specific time-segments (weekdays–weekends, in-school–out-of-school, out-of-school–weekends, lesson-time–lunch-time), and (3) associations of change in time-segment specific with overall PA.DesignLongitudinal observational study (4-year follow-up).MethodsChildren from the SPEEDY study (n=769, 42% boys) had PA measured by accelerometer for at least three days at ages 10.2±0.3, 11.2±0.3 and 14.3±0.3years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (ΔMVPA, minutes ≥2000counts/minute [cpm]) and total PA (ΔTPA, average cpm) during weekdays, weekends, in-school, out-of-school, lesson-times and lunch-times, were tested using three level (age, individual, school) mixed-effects linear regression. Differences in ΔMVPA/ΔTPA between time-segments were tested using time-segment×age interaction terms. Associations of four-year time-segment specific ΔMVPA/ΔTPA with four-year overall ΔMVPA/ΔTPA were tested using two level (time-segment specific ΔMVPA/ΔTPA, school) mixed-effects linear regression.ResultsMVPA and TPA declined in all time-segments, except lesson-time MVPA. Annual ΔMVPA and, for boys only, ΔTPA was greater on weekends than weekdays (beta±SE for interaction term: boys, −3.53±0.83min, −29.64±7.64cpm; girls, −2.20±0.64min) and out-of-school (boys, −4.36±0.79min, −19.36±8.46cpm; girls, −2.44±0.63min). ΔMVPA and ΔTPA during lunch-time was greater than during lesson-time (boys, −0.96±0.20min, −36.43±6.55cpm; girls, −0.90±0.13min, −38.72±4.40cpm). ΔTPA was greater out-of-school than in-school (boys, −19.89±6.71cpm; girls, −18.46±6.51cpm). For all time-segments, four-year ΔMVPA/ΔTPA was positively associated with four-year overall ΔMVPA/ΔTPA (all p<0.042), except for girl's in-school and lunch-time TPA.ConclusionsInterventions focused on PA maintenance could target all time-segments, but weekends and out-of-school may be particularly advantageous due to the relatively large declines observed
On a generalised Connes–Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg theorem

AbstractThe central result of this paper is an explicit computation of the Hochschild and cyclic homologies of a natural smooth subalgebra of stable continuous trace algebras having smooth manifolds X as their spectrum. More precisely, the Hochschild homology is identified with the space of differential forms on X, and the periodic cyclic homology with the twisted de Rham cohomology of X, thereby generalising some fundamental results of Connes and Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg. The Connes–Chern character is also identified here with the twisted Chern character