pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Emergency department visits due to vertebral fractures in the Netherlands, 1986–2008: Steep increase in the oldest old, strong association with falls

AbstractBackgroundVertebral fractures are a common consequence of osteoporosis in older persons. With the ageing of the population, numbers are expected to rise.ObjectiveTo determine trends in health care demand due to vertebral fracture related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in the older Dutch population.Design and settingSecular trend analysis of vertebral fracture related ED visits between 1986 and 2008, using the Dutch Injury Surveillance System. All ED visits with a primary diagnosis of a vertebral fracture in persons aged ≥65 years were extracted from this database.Main outcome measureNumbers, age-specific and age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 population) of ED visits and hospitalization rates due to vertebral fractures in the older Dutch population were calculated for each year of the study.ResultsThe total number of ED visits due to a vertebral fracture increased from 913 in 1986 to 2502 in 2008 (174% increase). The majority of fractures were caused by a low-energetic fall incident (83%). The overall age-adjusted incidence rate increased from 51.6 per 100,000 population in 1986 to 103.6 in 2008. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher in females than in males. The hospitalization rate remained stable at about 50–55%, in both females and males.ConclusionVertebral fracture related ED visits and hospitalizations are increasing rapidly in the older Dutch population, especially in the oldest-old. Most vertebral fractures were associated with falls. These findings indicate that a pro-active approach in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and in the prevention of falls in both men and women is warranted
Energy dependence of acceptance-corrected dielectron excess mass spectrum at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at sNN=19.6 and 200 GeV

AbstractThe acceptance-corrected dielectron excess mass spectra, where the known hadronic sources have been subtracted from the inclusive dielectron mass spectra, are reported for the first time at mid-rapidity |yee|<1 in minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at sNN=19.6 and 200 GeV. The excess mass spectra are consistently described by a model calculation with a broadened ρ spectral function for Mee<1.1 GeV/c2. The integrated dielectron excess yield at sNN=19.6 GeV for 0.4<Mee<0.75 GeV/c2, normalized to the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity, has a value similar to that in In+In collisions at sNN=17.3 GeV. For sNN=200 GeV, the normalized excess yield in central collisions is higher than that at sNN=17.3 GeV and increases from peripheral to central collisions. These measurements indicate that the lifetime of the hot, dense medium created in central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV is longer than those in peripheral collisions and at lower energies
Non-planar diagrams and non-commutative superspace in Dijkgraaf–Vafa theory

AbstractWe consider the field theory on non-commutative superspace and non-commutative spacetime that arises on D-branes in Type II superstring theory with a constant self-dual graviphoton and NS–NS B field background. N=1 supersymmetric field theories on this non-commutative space (such theories are called N=1/2 supersymmetric theories) can be reduced to supermatrix models as in hep-th/0303210. We take an appropriate commutative limit in these theories and show that holomorphic quantities in commutative field theories are equivalent to reduced models, including non-planar diagrams to which the graviphoton contributes. This is a new derivation of Dijkgraaf–Vafa theory including non-planar diagrams
A gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 and perlecan is available to lens epithelial cells

AbstractFibroblast growth factors play a key role in regulating lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation via an anteroposterior gradient that exists between the aqueous and vitreous humours. FGF-2 is the most important for lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. It has been proposed that the presentation of FGF-2 to the lens epithelial cells involves the lens capsule as a source of matrix-bound FGF-2. Here we used immunogold labelling to measure the matrix-bound FGF-2 gradient on the inner surface of the lens capsule in flat-mounted preparations to visualize the FGF-2 available to lens epithelial cells. We also correlated FGF-2 levels with levels of its matrix-binding partner perlecan, a heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and found the levels of both to be highest at the lens equator. These also coincided with increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (pERK1/2) in lens epithelial cells that localised to condensed chromosomes of epithelial cells that were Ki-67 positive. The gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 (anterior pole: 3.7 ± 1.3 particles/μm2; equator: 8.2 ± 1.9 particles/μm2; posterior pole: 4 ± 0.9 particles/μm2) and perlecan (anterior pole: 2.1 ± 0.4 particles/μm2; equator: 5 ± 2 particles/μm2; posterior pole: 1.9 ± 0.7 particles/μm2) available at the inner lens capsule surface was measured for the bovine lens. These data support the anteroposterior gradient hypothesis and provide the first measurement of the gradient for an important morphogen and its HSPG partner, perlecan, at the epithelial cell-lens capsule interface
Measurement of D⁎±, D± and Ds± meson production cross sections in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThe production of D⁎±, D± and Ds± charmed mesons has been measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s=7 TeV at the LHC, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 280 nb−1. The charmed mesons have been reconstructed in the range of transverse momentum 3.5<pT(D)<100 GeV and pseudorapidity |η(D)|<2.1. The differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity were measured for D⁎± and D± production. The next-to-leading-order QCD predictions are consistent with the data in the visible kinematic region within the large theoretical uncertainties. Using the visible D cross sections and an extrapolation to the full kinematic phase space, the strangeness-suppression factor in charm fragmentation, the fraction of charged non-strange D mesons produced in a vector state, and the total cross section of charm production at s=7 TeV were derived
Metformin Retards Aging in C. elegans by Altering Microbial Folate and Methionine Metabolism

SummaryThe biguanide drug metformin is widely prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, but its mode of action remains uncertain. Metformin also increases lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans cocultured with Escherichia coli. This bacterium exerts complex nutritional and pathogenic effects on its nematode predator/host that impact health and aging. We report that metformin increases lifespan by altering microbial folate and methionine metabolism. Alterations in metformin-induced longevity by mutation of worm methionine synthase (metr-1) and S-adenosylmethionine synthase (sams-1) imply metformin-induced methionine restriction in the host, consistent with action of this drug as a dietary restriction mimetic. Metformin increases or decreases worm lifespan, depending on E. coli strain metformin sensitivity and glucose concentration. In mammals, the intestinal microbiome influences host metabolism, including development of metabolic disease. Thus, metformin-induced alteration of microbial metabolism could contribute to therapeutic efficacy—and also to its side effects, which include folate deficiency and gastrointestinal upset.PaperCli
A QCD sum rule calculation of the X±(5568)→Bs0π± decay width

AbstractTo understand the nature of the X(5568), recently observed in the mass spectrum of the Bs0π± system by the D0 Collaboration, we have investigated, in a previous work, a scalar tetraquark (diquak–antidiquark) structure for it, within the two-point QCD sum rules method. We found that it is possible to obtain a stable value of the mass compatible with the D0 result, although a rigorous QCD sum rule constrained analysis led to a higher value of mass. As a continuation of our investigation, we calculate the width of the tetraquark state with same quark content as X(5568), to the channel Bs0π±, using the three-point QCD sum rule. We obtain a value of (20.4±8.7) MeV for the mass ∼ 5568 MeV, which is compatible with the experimental value of 21.9±6.4(sta)−2.5+5.0(syst) MeV/c2. We find that the decay width to Bs0π± does not alter much for a higher mass state
The anisotropic λ-deformed SU(2) model is integrable

AbstractThe all-loop anisotropic Thirring model interpolates between the WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the anisotropic principal chiral model. We focus on the SU(2) case and we prove that it is classically integrable by providing its Lax pair formulation. We derive its underlying symmetry current algebra and use it to show that the Poisson brackets of the spatial part of the Lax pair, assume the Maillet form. In this way we procure the corresponding r and s matrices which provide non-trivial solutions to the modified Yang–Baxter equation
Reproducibility of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing for young cystic fibrosis patients

AbstractBackgroundThe reproducibility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has not been established in young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients using a valid protocol.MethodsThirteen 7–18year olds completed three CPETs, separated by 48h and 4–6weeks. CPET involved a ramp-incremental cycling test with supramaximal verification.ResultsMaximal oxygen uptake was repeatedly determined with no learning effect and typical errors expressed as a coefficient of variation (TECV%) of 9.3% (48h) and 13.3% (4–6weeks). The reproducibility of additional parameters of aerobic function [gas exchange threshold (TECV%: 11.2%, 16.8%); V˙O2 mean response time (TECV%: 37.8%, 89.4%); V˙O2 gain (TECV%: 17.4%, 24.5%)] and clinical utility [e.g. SaO2% (TECV%: 2.2%, 3.1%); ventilatory drive (V˙E/V˙CO2-slope) (TECV%: 7.8%, 17.7%)] was also established over the short- and the medium-term, respectively.ConclusionThese results establish limits of variability to determine meaningful changes over the short- and the medium-term for CPET outcomes in young CF patients
Is aristolochic acid nephropathy a widespread problem in developing countries? A case study of Aristolochia indica L. in Bangladesh using an ethnobotanical–phytochemical approach

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceSpecies of Aristolochia are associated with aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), a renal interstitial fibrosis and upper urinary tract cancer (UUC). Aristolochic acid nephropathy has been reported in ten countries but its true incidence is unknown and most likely underestimated. By combining an ethnobotanical and phytochemical approach we provide evidence for the risk of AAN occurring in Bangladesh. More specifically, we assess the intra-specific variation of aristolochic acid analogues in medicinally used Aristolochia indica samples from Bangladesh.Materials and methodsEthnobotanical information was collected from 16 kavirajes (traditional healers) in different study locations in Bangladesh. Plant samples were obtained from native habitats, botanical gardens, herbal markets and pharmaceutical companies. The samples were extracted using 70% methanol and were analysed using LC-DAD-MS and 1H-NMR.ResultsRoots as well as leaves are commonly used for symptoms such as snake bites and sexual problems. Among the informants knowledge about toxicity or side effects is very limited and Aristolochia indica is often administered in very high doses. Replacement of Aristolochia indica with other medicinal plants such as Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz was common. Aristolochia indica samples contained a variety of aristolochic acid analogues such as aristolochic acid I, aristolochic acid II, cepharadione A and related compounds.ConclusionsAAN cases are likely to occur in Bangladesh and more awareness needs to be raised about the health risks associated with the use of Aristolochia indica and other species of Aristolochia as herbal medicines
Evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark in ATLAS at s=7TeV

AbstractThis Letter presents evidence for the associated production of a W boson and a top quark using 2.05 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=7TeV accumulated with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is based on the selection of the dileptonic final states with events featuring two isolated leptons, electron or muon, with significant transverse missing momentum and at least one jet. An approach based on boosted decision trees has been developed to improve the discrimination of single top-quark Wt events from background. A template fit to the final classifier distributions is performed to determine the cross-section. The result is incompatible with the background-only hypothesis at the 3.3σ level, the expected sensitivity assuming the Standard Model production rate being 3.4σ. The corresponding cross-section is determined and found to be σWt=16.8±2.9 (stat)±4.9 (syst) pb, in good agreement with the Standard Model expectation. From this result the CKM matrix element |Vtb|=1.03−0.19+0.16 is derived assuming that the Wt production through |Vts| and |Vtd| is small
Massive graviton propagation of the deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity without projectability condition

AbstractWe study graviton propagations of scalar, vector, and tensor modes in the deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity (λR-model) without projectability condition. The quadratic Lagrangian is invariant under diffeomorphism only for λ=1 case, which contradicts to the fact that λ is irrelevant to a consistent Hamiltonian approach to the λR-model. In this case, as far as scalar propagations are concerned, there is no essential difference between deformed Hořava–Lifshitz gravity (λR-model) and general relativity. This implies that there are two degrees of freedom for a massless graviton without Hořava scalar, and five degrees of freedom appear for a massive graviton when introducing Lorentz-violating and Fierz–Pauli mass terms. Finally, it is shown that for λ=1, the vDVZ discontinuity is absent in the massless limit of Lorentz-violating mass terms by considering external source terms
Gluon shadowing in the Glauber–Gribov model at HERA

AbstractWe calculate shadowing using new data on the gluon density of the pomeron recently measured with high precision at HERA. The calculations are made in a Glauber–Gribov framework and pomeron tree-diagrams are summed up within a unitarity-conserving procedure. The total cross section of γ∗A interaction is then found in a parameter-free description, employing gluon diffractive and inclusive distribution functions as input. A strong shadowing effect is obtained, in a good agreement with several other models. Impact parameter dependence of gluon shadowing is also presented
Bringing Sport Psychology into Physiotherapy

Whilst the benefits of sport psychology intervention during injury rehabilitation are well documented it appears that it remains underutilised by physiotherapists (Alexanders, Anderson and Henderson, 2015, <i>Physiotherapy</i>, <i>101</i>, 95-102). A lack of education in this field for physiotherapists has been suggested as a causative factor. Preliminary studies undertaken on North American populations have shown support for sport psychology education interventions but no studies have examined physiotherapists and none have been UK based. The purpose of this study was therefore to measure the impact of an online sport psychology education module on the sport psychology related attitudes and behaviours of physiotherapists in the UK. Following ethical approval, ninety-five sport physiotherapists studied either an online sport psychology module (<i>n</i>=44, 23 males, 21 females, mean age: 33.7 + 8.2) or a control module (<i>n</i>=51, 26 males, 25 females, mean age: 36.1 + 8.8), and their attitudes and behaviours towards sport psychology were measured prior to studying the module and at three points over a six-month period following its completion. This data was collected using a questionnaire package that included the Attitudes About Imagery Survey (Hamson-Utley, Martin and Walters, 2008, <i>Journal of Athletic Training</i>, <i>43</i>, 258-264) and the Psychology of Injury Usage Survey (Stiller-Ostrowski, Gould and Covassin, 2009, <i>Journal of Athletic Training</i>, <i>44</i>, 482-489). It was found that those who had studied the sport psychology module demonstrated an improvement in their attitudes towards sport psychology immediately following its completion that was significantly higher than those who had studied the control module (<i>F</i>(1,93) = 4.44, <i>P</i> = 0.038). Use of sport psychology also increased following the sport psychology module, with significant differences seen between the intervention and control group on the sport psychology subscale (<i>F</i>(1,93) = 6.83, <i>P</i> = 0.010), indicating that those who had studied the sport psychology module were integrating more sport psychology techniques such as imagery, relaxation and self-talk into their practice than those who had studied the control module. The sport psychology module was well received by the physiotherapists with most rating it as highly beneficial and indicating that they had been motivated to undertake further study on the topic. Qualitative data revealed that the physiotherapists particularly liked the practical application of the module. It was concluded that the online sport psychology module was effective in improving the attitudes and behaviours of UK physiotherapists and that more sport psychology education opportunities should be made available
Quantum Gravity from Conformal Field Theory

We bootstrap loop corrections to AdS${}_5$ supergravity amplitudes by
enforcing the consistency of the known classical results with the operator
product expansion of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. In particular
this yields much new information on the spectrum of double-trace operators
which can then be used, in combination with superconformal symmetry and
crossing symmetry, to obtain a prediction for the one-loop amplitude for four
graviton multiplets in AdS. This in turn yields further new results on
subleading $O(1/N^4)$ corrections to certain double-trace anomalous dimensions.Comment: 25 pages. Note added, references added. Typos fixed, journal versio
Rationalized computer-aided design of matrix metalloprotease-selective prodrugs.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are central to cancer development and metastasis. They are highly active in the tumour environment and absent or inactive in normal tissues; therefore they represent viable targets for cancer drug discovery. In this study we evaluated in silico docking to develop MMP-subtype-selective tumour-activated prodrugs. Proof of principle for this therapeutic approach was demonstrated in vitro against an aggressive human glioma model, with involvement of MMPs confirmed using pharmacological inhibition
Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b jets or tau leptons

A search is performed for a new resonance decaying into a lighter resonance and a Z boson. Two channels are studied, targeting the decay of the lighter resonance into either a pair of oppositely charged τ   leptons or a View the MathML sourcebb‾ pair. The Z boson is identified via its decays to electrons or muons. The search exploits data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb−1. No significant deviations are observed from the standard model expectation and limits are set on production cross sections and parameters of two-Higgs-doublet models
The Gamma-Ray Emitting Radio-Loud Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy PKS 2004-447. II. The Radio View

Context. Gamma-ray detected radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (gamma-NLS1) galaxies constitute an small but interesting sample of the gamma-ray loud AGN. The most radio-loud gamma-NLS1, PKS 2004-447, is located in the southern hemisphere and is monitored by the multiwavelength monitoring program TANAMI in the radio regime. Aims. Here, we aim for the first detailed study of the radio morphology and long-term radio spectral evolution of PKS 2004-447, which are essential to understand the diversity of the radio properties of gamma-NLS1s Methods. The TANAMI VLBI monitoring program uses the Australian Long Baseline Array (LBA) and telescopes in Antarctica, Chile, New Zealand and South Africa to monitor the jets of radio-loud active galaxies in the southern hemisphere. Lower resolution radio flux density measurements at multiple radio frequencies over four years of observation were obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). Results. The TANAMI VLBI image at 8.4GHz shows an extended one-sided jet with a dominant compact VLBI core. The brightness temperature of the VLBI core of PKS 2004-447 is consistent with equipartition, but is an order of magnitude below other gamma-NLS1s with the sample value varying over two orders of magnitude. We find a compact morphology (< 11 kpc) and a persistent steep radio spectrum with moderate flux-density variability. Conclusions. PKS 2004-447 appears to be a unique member of the gamma-NLS1 sample. It exhibits blazar-like features, such as a flat featureless X-ray spectrum and a core dominated, one-sided parsec-scale jet with indications for relativistic beaming. However, our data also reveal properties atypical for blazars, such as a radio spectrum and large scale size consistent with Compact-Steep-Spectrum (CSS) sources, which are usually associated with young radio sources. These characteristics are unique among all gamma-NLS1s and extremely rare among gamma-ray loud AGN