pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Kaon Production and Kaon to Pion Ratio in Au+Au Collisions at $\snn=130$
  GeV

Mid-rapidity transverse mass spectra and multiplicity densities of charged
and neutral kaons are reported for Au+Au collisions at $\snn$=130 GeV at RHIC.
The spectra are exponential in transverse mass, with an inverse slope of about
280 MeV in central collisions. The multiplicity densities for these particles
scale with the negative hadron pseudo-rapidity density. The charged kaon to
pion ratios are $K^+/\pi^- = 0.161 \pm 0.002 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.024 {\rm
(syst)}$ and $K^-/\pi^- = 0.146 \pm 0.002 {\rm (stat)} \pm 0.022 {\rm (syst)}$
for the most central collisions. The $K^+/\pi^-$ ratio is lower than the same
ratio observed at the SPS while the $K^-/\pi^-$ is higher than the SPS result.
Both ratios are enhanced by about 50% relative to p+p and $\bar{\rm p}$+p
collision data at similar energies.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
An atom optics experiment to investigate faster-than-light tunneling

We describe a series of atom optics experiments underway at Toronto for
investigating tunnelling interaction times of various sorts. We begin by
discussing some outstanding issues and confusions related to the question of
whether or not superluminal tunnelling can be construed as true
faster-than-light ``signal propagation,'' a question which we answer in the
negative. We then argue that atom optics is an arena ideally suited for
addressing a variety of remaining questions about how, where, and for how long
a particle interacts with a tunnel barrier. We present recent results on a
modified ``delta-kick cooling'' scheme which we have used to prepare Rubidium
atoms with one-dimensional de Broglie wavelengths on the order of an optical
wavelength, along with simulations showing that from these temperatures, we
will be able to use acousto-optically modulated dipole-force barriers to
velocity-select ultracold atom samples ideal for future tunnelling experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Annalen der Physik as part of the
  Proceedings of the Cologne Workshop on Superluminal Velocitie
A rotating hairy AdS3 black hole with the metric having only one Killing
  vector field

We perturbatively construct a three-dimensional rotating AdS black hole with
a real scalar hair. We choose the mass of a scalar field slightly above the
Breitenlohner-Freedman bound and impose a more general boundary condition for
the bulk scalar field at AdS infinity. We first show that rotating BTZ black
holes are unstable against superradiant modes under our more general boundary
condition. Next we construct a rotating hairy black hole perturbatively with
respect to a small amplitude $\epsilon$ of the scalar field, up to
$O(\epsilon^4)$. The lumps of non-linearly perturbed geometry admit only one
Killing vector field and co-rotate with the black hole, and it shows no
dissipation. We numerically show that the entropy of our hairy black hole is
larger than that of the BTZ black hole with the same energy and the angular
momentum. This indicates, at least in the perturbative level, that our rotating
hairy black hole in lumpy geometry can be the endpoint of the superradiant
instability.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor improvements, references and appendix A
  adde
On Euclid's Algorithm and Elementary Number Theory

Algorithms can be used to prove and to discover new theorems. This paper
shows how algorithmic skills in general, and the notion of invariance in
particular, can be used to derive many results from Euclid's algorithm. We
illustrate how to use the algorithm as a verification interface (i.e., how to
verify theorems) and as a construction interface (i.e., how to investigate and
derive new theorems).
  The theorems that we verify are well-known and most of them are included in
standard number theory books. The new results concern distributivity properties
of the greatest common divisor and a new algorithm for efficiently enumerating
the positive rationals in two different ways. One way is known and is due to
Moshe Newman. The second is new and corresponds to a deforestation of the
Stern-Brocot tree of rationals. We show that both enumerations stem from the
same simple algorithm. In this way, we construct a Stern-Brocot enumeration
algorithm with the same time and space complexity as Newman's algorithm. A
short review of the original papers by Stern and Brocot is also included
Implementing odd-axions in dimensional oxidation of non-geometric type
  IIB action

In a setup of type IIB superstring compactification on an orientifold of a
${\mathbb T}^6/{\mathbb Z}_4$ sixfold, the presence of geometric flux
($\omega$) and non-geometric fluxes ($Q, R$) is implemented along with the
standard NS-NS and RR three-form fluxes ($H, F$). After computing the F/D-term
contributions to the ${\cal N}=1$ four dimensional effective scalar potential,
we rearrange the same into `suitable' pieces by using a set of new generalized
flux orbits. Subsequently, we dimensionally oxidize the various pieces of the
total four dimensional scalar potential to guess their ten-dimensional origin.Comment: version 3: 30 pages, discussion on gauge kinetic coupling added on
  page 19, typos fixed, and to appear in Nuclear Physics
Planck 2015 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties

We present the current accounting of systematic effect uncertainties for the
Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) that are relevant to the 2015 release of the
Planck cosmological results, showing the robustness and consistency of our data
set, especially for polarization analysis. We use two complementary approaches:
(i) simulations based on measured data and physical models of the known
systematic effects; and (ii) analysis of difference maps containing the same
sky signal ("null-maps"). The LFI temperature data are limited by instrumental
noise. At large angular scales the systematic effects are below the cosmic
microwave background (CMB) temperature power spectrum by several orders of
magnitude. In polarization the systematic uncertainties are dominated by
calibration uncertainties and compete with the CMB $E$-modes in the multipole
range 10--20. Based on our model of all known systematic effects, we show that
these effects introduce a slight bias of around $0.2\,\sigma$ on the
reionization optical depth derived from the 70\,GHz $EE$ spectrum using the 30
and 353\,GHz channels as foreground templates. At 30\,GHz the systematic
effects are smaller than the Galactic foreground at all scales in temperature
and polarization, which allows us to consider this channel as a reliable
template of synchrotron emission. We assess the residual uncertainties due to
LFI effects on CMB maps and power spectra after component separation and show
that these effects are smaller than the CMB amplitude at all scales. We also
assess the impact on non-Gaussianity studies and find it to be negligible. Some
residuals still appear in null maps from particular sky survey pairs,
particularly at 30 GHz, suggesting possible straylight contamination due to an
imperfect knowledge of the beam far sidelobes.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Quiescent thermal emission from neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries

Context. We monitored the quiescent thermal emission from neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries after active periods of intense activity in X-rays (outbursts). Aims. The theoretical modeling of the thermal relaxation of the neutron star crust may be used to establish constraints on the crust composition and transport properties, depending on the astrophysical scenarios assumed. Methods. We numerically simulated the thermal evolution of the neutron star crust and compared them with inferred surface temperatures for five sources: MXB 1659−29, KS 1731−260, XTE J1701−462, EXO 0748−676  and IGR J17480−2446. Results. We find that the evolution of MXB 1659−29, KS 1731−260 and EXO 0748−676 can be well described within a deep crustal cooling scenario. Conversely, we find that the other two sources can only be explained with models beyond crustal cooling. For the peculiar emission of XTE J1701−462 we propose alternative scenarios such as residual accretion during quiescence, additional heat sources in the outer crust, and/or thermal isolation of the inner crust due to a buried magnetic field. We also explain the very recent reported temperature of IGR J17480−2446 with an additional heat deposition in the outer crust from shallow sources.This research was partially supported by CONICET, PIP-2011-00170 (DNA) and by the grant AYA 2010-21097-C03-02 (JAP). D.N.A. thanks Physics Dept. of Ohio University where part of this project started and Dept. of Applied Physics of Alicante University for warm hospitality
Radiative μ and τ leptonic decays at NLO

We present the differential rates and branching ratios of the radiative decays τ→lννγ, with l = e or μ, and μ→eννγ in the Standard Model at next-to-leading order. Radiative corrections are computed taking into account the full depencence on the mass m l of the final charged leptons, which is necessary for the correct determination of the branching ratios. Only partial agreement is found with previous calculations performed in the m l → 0 limit. Our results agree with the measurements of the branching ratios B(μ→eννγ) and B(τ→μννγ) for a minimum photon energy of 10 MeV in the μ and τ rest frames, respectively. Babar’s recent precise measurement of the branching ratio B(τ→eννγ), for the same photon energy threshold, differs from our prediction by 3.5 standard deviations
The O3N2 and N2 abundance indicators revisited: improved calibrations based on CALIFA and T_e-based literature data

The use of integral field spectroscopy is since recently allowing to measure the emission line fluxes of an increasingly large number of star-forming galaxies, both locally and at high redshift. Many studies have used these fluxes to derive the gas-phase metallicity of the galaxies by applying the so-called strong-line methods. However, the metallicity indicators that these datasets use were empirically calibrated using few direct abundance data points (T_e-based measurements). Furthermore, a precise determination of the prediction intervals of these indicators is commonly lacking in these calibrations. Such limitations might lead to systematic errors in determining the gas-phase metallicity, especially at high redshift, which might have a strong impact on our understanding of the chemical evolution of the Universe. The main goal of this study is to review the most widely used empirical oxygen calibrations, O3N2 and N2, by using new direct abundance measurements. We pay special attention to (1) the expected uncertainty of these calibrations as a function of the index value or abundance derived and (2) the presence of possible systematic offsets. This is possible thanks to the analysis of the most ambitious compilation of T_e-based H II regions to date. This new dataset compiles the Te-based abundances of 603 H II regions extracted from the literature but also includes new measurements from the CALIFA survey. Besides providing new and improved empirical calibrations for the gas abundance, we also present a comparison between our revisited calibrations with a total of 3423 additional CALIFA H II complexes with abundances derived using the ONS calibration from the literature. The combined analysis of T_e-based and ONS abundances allows us to derive their most accurate calibration to date for both the O3N2 and N2 single-ratio indicators, in terms of all statistical significance, quality, and coverage of the parameters space. In particular, we infer that these indicators show shallower abundance dependencies and statistically significant offsets compared to others'. The O3N2 and N2 indicators can be empirically applied to derive oxygen abundances calibrations from either direct abundance determinations with random errors of 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, or from indirect ones (but based on a large amount of data), reaching an average precision of 0.08 and 0.09 dex (random) and 0.02 and 0.08 dex (systematic; compared to the direct estimations), respectively
Measurement of HNE-protein adducts in human plasma and serum by ELISA - Comparison of two primary antibodies

There is increasing evidence that non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications might play key roles in various diseases. These protein modifications can be caused by free radicals generated during oxidative stress or by their products generated during lipid peroxidation. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, has been recognized as important molecule in pathology as well as in physiology of living organisms. Therefore, its detection and quantification can be considered as valuable tool for evaluating various pathophysiological conditions.The HNE-protein adduct ELISA is a method to detect HNE bound to proteins, which is considered as the most likely form of HNE occurrence in living systems. Since the earlier described ELISA has been validated for cell lysates and the antibody used for detection of HNE-protein adducts is non-commercial, the aim of this work was to adapt the ELISA to a commercial antibody and to apply it in the analysis of human plasma samples.After modification and validation of the protocol for both antibodies, samples of two groups were analyzed: apparently healthy obese (n=62) and non-obese controls (n=15). Although the detected absolute values of HNE-protein adducts were different, depending on the antibody used, both ELISA methods showed significantly higher values of HNE-protein adducts in the obese group
European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel diseas

The histologic examination of endoscopic biopsies or resection specimens remains a key step in the work-up of affected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and can be used for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, particularly in the differentiation of UC from CD and other non-IBD related colitides. The introduction of new treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) interfering with the patients' immune system may result in mucosal healing, making the pathologists aware of the impact of treatment upon diagnostic features. The European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) jointly elaborated a consensus to establish standards for histopathology diagnosis in IBD. The consensus endeavors to address: (i) procedures required for a proper diagnosis, (ii) features which can be used for the analysis of endoscopic biopsies, (iii) features which can be used for the analysis of surgical samples, (iv) criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and (v) special situations including those inherent to therapy. Questions that were addressed include: how many features should be present for a firm diagnosis? What is the role of histology in patient management, including search for dysplasia? Which features if any, can be used for assessment of disease activity? The statements and general recommendations of this consensus are based on the highest level of evidence available, but significant gaps remain in certain areas
Model-independent extraction of two-photon effects in elastic electron-proton scattering

We address the discrepancy between the Rosenbluth and polarization transfer data for the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon. Assuming that the effect of two-photon corrections on the polarization transfer data is negligible, we obtain a model-independent estimate of the two-photon correction Delta(2 gamma). We analyze the polarization transfer data and the cross section data separately using dispersion relations. A central value as well as an error estimate for Delta(2 gamma) is then obtained from a comparison of the two analyses. The resulting values for Delta(2 gamma) are in good agreement with direct calculations available in the literature. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
DELPHES 3: a modular framework for fast simulation of a generic collider experiment

The version 3.0 of the Delphes fast-simulation is presented. The goal of Delphes is to allow the simulation of a multipurpose detector for phenomenological studies. The simulation includes a track propagation system embedded in a magnetic field, electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters, and a muon identification system. Physics objects that can be used for data analysis are then reconstructed from the simulated detector response. These include tracks and calorimeter deposits and high level objects such as isolated electrons, jets, taus, and missing energy. The new modular approach allows for greater flexibility in the design of the simulation and reconstruction sequence. New features such as the particle-flow reconstruction approach, crucial in the first years of the LHC, and pile-up simulation and mitigation, which is needed for the simulation of the LHC detectors in the near future, have also been implemented. The Delphes framework is not meant to be used for advanced detector studies, for which more accurate tools are needed. Although some aspects of Delphes are hadron collider specific, it is flexible enough to be adapted to the needs of electron-positron collider experiments
Triaxial projected shell model description of high-spin band-structures in 103,105 Rh isotopes

High-spin band structures in odd-proton 103,105 Rh are investigated using the microscopic triaxial projected shell model approach. It is demonstrated that the observed band structures built on one- and three-quasiparticle states are reproduced reasonably well in the present work. Further, it is evident from the analysis of the projected wavefunctions that side-band in the low-spin regime is the normal γ -band built on the ground-state configuration. However, in the high-spin regime, the side band is shown to be highly mixed and ceases to be a γ -band. We provide a complete set of electromagnetic transition probabilities for the two bands and the experimental measurements are desirable to test the predictions of the present work
Constraining hypernuclear density functional with Λ -hypernuclei and compact stars

We present a simultaneous calculation of heavy single- Λ hypernuclei and compact stars containing hypernuclear core within a relativistic density functional theory based on a Lagrangian which includes the hyperon octet and lightest isoscalar-isovector mesons which couple to baryons with density-dependent couplings. The corresponding density functional allows for SU(6) symmetry breaking and mixing in the isoscalar sector, whereby the departures in the σ – Λ and σ – Σ couplings away from their values implied by the SU(3) symmetric model are used to adjust the theory to the laboratory and astronomical data. We fix σ – Λ coupling using the data on the single- Λ hypernuclei and derive an upper bound on the σ – Σ from the requirement that the lower bound on the maximum mass of a compact star is <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math>
T ρ σ ( G ) theories and their Hilbert series

We give an explicit formula for the Higgs and Coulomb branch Hilbert series for the class of 3 d N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ superconformal gauge theories T ρ σ ( G ) corresponding to a set of D3 branes ending on NS5 and D5-branes, with or without O3 planes. Here G is a classical group, σ is a partition of G and ρ a partition of the dual group G ∨ . In deriving such a formula we make use of the recently discovered formula for the Hilbert series of the quantum Coulomb branch of N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ superconformal theories. The result can be expressed in terms of a generalization of a class of symmetric functions, the Hall-Littlewood polynomials, and can be interpreted in mathematical language in terms of localization. We mainly consider the case G = SU( N ) but some interesting results are also given for orthogonal and symplectic groups
Banking concentration and developments in FYROM: A\ud
country in transition

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) belongs to the transition economies that have witnessed significant structural changes in their domestic markets during the 2000s. We examine the evolution of the banking competition from 2003 until 2011, covering the first period of economic growth followed by the acute financial crisis that still threatens European countries. We apply the Herfindahl–Hirschman index and the CR3 and CR5 indicators in order to estimate banking concentration on five industry variables. Our findings show that the market has been persistently operating under oligopolistic, if not monopolistic,\ud
conditions where the leading three or five institutions dominate the market. Foreign newcomers and legislative\ud
developments have not changed the situation during the past 10 years and bank customers seem to keep their preferences unaffected, staying loyal to their prior choices. We analyze the banking sector profitability since 2008 and during the economic crisis, as well as the operational\ud
performance and the future trends concerning this sector
Discrimination of GO term annotated proteins based on amino acid occurrence and composition

In this paper, we have applied linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine for predicting GO term annotated proteins using amino acid occurrence/composition in uniref50 data set, i.e., uniprot with less than 50 % sequence identity.We found that our method could discriminate between proteins with at least one known GO term and those without any annotation at an AUC of 0.82 using three-fold cross validation test. Discrimination of the 38 most frequent GO terms is achieved with the maximum AUC of 0.91. Our method is solely based on amino acid sequence and hence it will be useful to predict GO term associations of newly obtained amino acid sequence without any annotated known homolog.PRIB 2008 proceedings found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88436-
Empowering interventions to promote sustainable lifestyles:testing the habit discontinuity hypothesis in a field experiment

This study tested the habit discontinuity hypothesis, which states that behaviour change interventions are more effective when delivered in the context of life course changes. The assumption is that when habits are (temporarily) disturbed, people are more sensitive to new information and adopt a mind-set that is conducive to behaviour change. A field experiment was conducted among 800 participants, who received an intervention promoting sustainable behaviours, or were in a no-intervention control condition. In both conditions half of the households had recently relocated, and were matched with households which had not relocated. Self-reported frequencies of twenty-five environment-related behaviours were assessed at baseline and eight weeks later. While controlling for past behaviour, habit strength, intentions, perceived control, biospheric values, personal norms, and personal involvement, the intervention was more effective among recently relocated participants. The results also suggested that the duration of the ‘window of opportunity’ was three months after relocation
Thermoelectric DC conductivities from black hole horizons.

An analytic expression for the DC electrical conductivity in terms of black hole horizon data was recently obtained for a class of holographic black holes exhibiting momentum dissipation. We generalise this result to obtain analogous expressions for the DC thermoelectric and thermal conductivities. We illustrate our results using some holographic Q-lattice black holes as well as for some black holes with linear massless axions, in both D = 4 and D = 5 bulk spacetime dimensions, which include both spatially isotropic and anisotropic examples. We show that some recently constructed ground states of holographic Q-lattices, which can be either electrically insulating or metallic, are all thermal insulators