pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The ultra sensitive electrical detection of spin Rabi oscillation at paramagnetic defects

A short review of the pulsed electrically detected magnetic  resonance  pEDMR  experiment is presented. PEDMR allows the highly  sensitive observation of coherent electron spin motion of charge  carriers and defects in semiconductors by means of transient  current measurements. The theoretical foundations, the  experimental implementation, its sensitivity and its potential  with regard to the investigation of electronic transitions in  semiconductors are discussed. For the example of the  Pb center at the crystalline silicon  111  to silicon  dioxide interface it is shown experimentally how one can detect  spin Rabi oscillation, its dephasing, coherence decays and  spin  coupling effect
CW and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 263 GHz 12 T on operating amorphous silicon solar cells

Here we describe a new high frequency high field continuous wave and pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance  CW EDMR and pEDMR  setup, operating at 263 GHz and resonance fields between 0 and 12 T. Spin dependent transport in illuminated hydrogenated amorphous silicon p i n solar cells at 5 K and 90 K was studied by in operando 263 GHz CW and pEDMR alongside complementary X band CW EDMR. Benefiting from the superior resolution at 263 GHz, we were able to better resolve EDMR signals originating from spin dependent hopping and recombination processes. 5 K EDMR spectra were found to be dominated by conduction and valence band tail states involved in spin dependent hopping, with additional contributions from triplet exciton states. 90 K EDMR spectra could be assigned to spin pair recombination involving conduction band tail states and dangling bonds as the dominating spin dependent transport process, with additional contributions from valence band tail and triplet exciton state
Translating alloy apecifications to UML class diagrams annotated with OCL

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal MethodsModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a Software Engineering approach based on model transformations at different abstraction levels. It prescribes the development of software by successively transforming models from abstract (specifications) to more concrete ones (code). Alloy is an increasingly popular lightweight formal specification language that supports automatic verification. Unfortunately, its widespread industrial adoption is hampered by the lack of an ecosystem of MDE tools, namely code generators. This paper presents a model transformation between Alloy and UML Class Diagrams annotated with OCL. The proposed transformation enables current UML-based tools to also be applied to Alloy specifications, thus unleashing its potential for MDE
A multi-wavelength survey of AGN in the XMM-LSS field, I : quasar selection via the KX technique

Aims. We present a sample of candidate quasars selected using the KX-technique. The data cover 0.68 deg(2) of the X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) Large-Scale Structure (LSS) survey area where overlapping multi-wavelength imaging data permits an investigation of the physical nature of selected sources.
Methods. The KX method identifies quasars on the basis of their optical (R and z') to near-infrared (K-s) photometry and point-like morphology. We combine these data with optical (u*, g', r', i', z') and mid-infrared (3.6-24 mu m) wavebands to reconstruct the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of candidate quasars.
Results. Of 93 sources selected as candidate quasars by the KX method, 25 are classified as quasars by the subsequent SED analysis. Spectroscopic observations are available for 12/25 of these sources and confirm the quasar hypothesis in each case. Even more, 90% of the SED-classified quasars show X-ray emission, a property not shared by any of the false candidates in the KX-selected sample. Applying a photometric redshift analysis to the sources without spectroscopy indicates that the 25 sources classified as quasars occupy the interval 0.7 <= z <= 2.5. The remaining 68/93 sources are classified as stars and unresolved galaxies
Challenges in risk assessment : quantitative risk assessment

The process of risk analysis consists out of three components, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. These components are internationally well spread by Codex Alimentarius Commission as being the basis for setting science based standards, criteria on food safety hazards, e.g. setting maximum limits of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. However, the technical component risk assessment is hard to elaborate and to understand. Key in a risk assessment is the translation of biological or chemical pathways into a mathematical framework. Within the International Training Program 'ITP food safety, quality assurance and risk analysis' of Ghent University, department of Food Safety and Food Quality, we developed for low and middle income countries and emerging countries a training module on risk assessment. In where (semi-) quantitative probabilistic risk assessment calculations or qualitative risk rankings are trained for both microbial and chemical food safety hazards along the agro-food chain. This presentation will explain these methodologies demonstrated with examples from former ITP trainees
Search for stopped long-lived particles produced in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.8 (2012): 026 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search has been performed for long-lived particles that have stopped in the CMS detector, during 7TeV proton-proton operations of the CERN LHC. The existence of such particles could be inferred from observation of their decays when there were no protonproton collisions in the CMS detector, namely during gaps between LHC beam crossings. Using a data set in which CMS recorded an integrated luminosity of 4.0 fb -1, and a search interval corresponding to 246 hours of trigger live time, 12 events are observed, with a mean background prediction of 8.6 ± 2:4 events. Limits are presented at 95% confidence level on long-lived gluino and stop production, over 13 orders of magnitude of particle lifetime. Assuming the "cloud model" of R-hadron interactions, a gluino with mass below 640 GeV and a stop with mass below 340 GeV are excluded, for lifetimes between 10 μs and 1000
Generation and selection of motor behaviors neural circuits and endocannabinoid modulation

The generation of basic motor behavior relies on the activation of spinal neuronal networks called central pattern generators (CPGs). Descending drive from higher brain areas activates the spinal CPG to generate motor behavior. In the face of changes in the environment, animals make constant motor behavioral selection. Both the generation and selection of motor behavior are performed by activating hard-wired neural circuits, whose activity is further refined by neuromodulation. In this thesis, we use the spinal locomotor networks in lamprey and zebrafish to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the generation and selection of motor behaviors. Firstly, in lamprey spinal locomotor circuits, we show that the release of endocannabinoids increases the excitability of the spinal locomotor network by depressing inhibitory synaptic transmission and potentiating excitatory synaptic transmission. Secondly, we show that the behavioral selection between escape and swimming in zebrafish is mediated by a hard-wired circuit. This circuit is supplemented with endocannabinoid modulation that promotes escape and suppresses swimming. Thirdly, we uncover a novel modular organization of the spinal locomotor circuit. We demonstrate a selective pattern of connectivity between excitatory V2a interneurons and motoneurons segregating them into slow, intermediate and fast sub-circuit modules. Fourthly, we show the existence of electrical coupling between motoneurons and excitatory V2a interneurons, which extends motoneurons influence onto premotor V2a interneurons. This enables motoneurons to become embedded in the spinal circuits generating the locomotor rhythm. Overall this thesis provides insight into the mechanism of generation and selection of motor behaviors
Conformal and non-conformal symmetries in 2D dilaton gravity

We study finite-dimensional extra symmetries of generic 2D dilaton gravity models. Using a non-linear sigma model formulation we show that the unique theories admitting an extra (conformal) symmetry are the models with an exponential potential V∝eβϕ (S=12π∫d2x−g−−−√[Rϕ+4λ2eβϕ]), which include the CGHS model as a particular though limiting (β=0) case. These models give rise to black hole solutions with a mass-dependent temperature. The underlying extra symmetry can be maintained in a natural way in the one-loop effective action, thus implying the exact solubility of the semiclassical theory including back-reaction. Moreover, we also introduce three different classes of (non-conformal) transformations which are extra symmetries for generic 2D dilaton gravity models. Special linear combinations of these transformations turn out to be the (conformal) symmetries of the CGHS and V∝eβϕ models. We show that one of the non-conformal extra symmetries can be converted into a conformal one by means of adequate field redefinitions involving the metric and the derivatives of the dilaton. Finally, by expressing the Polyakov-Liouville effective action in terms of an invariant metric, we are able to provide semiclassical models which are also invariant. This generalizes the solvable semiclassical model of Bose, Parker and Peleg (BPP) for a generic 2D dilaton gravity model
AdS$_2$ Holographic Dictionary

We construct the holographic dictionary for both running and constant dilaton
solutions of the 2D Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory obtained by a circle
reduction from 3D gravity with negative cosmological constant. This specific
model ensures that the dual theory has a well defined ultraviolet completion in
terms of a 2D CFT, but our results apply qualitatively to a wider class of 2D
dilaton gravity theories. For each type of solutions we perform holographic
renormalization, compute the exact renormalized one-point functions in the
presence of arbitrary sources, and derive the asymptotic symmetries and
conserved charges. In both cases we find that the scalar operator dual to the
dilaton plays a crucial role in the description of the dynamics. Its source
gives rise to a matter conformal anomaly for the running dilaton solutions,
while its expectation value is the only non trivial observable for constant
dilaton solutions. The role of this operator has been largely overlooked in the
literature. We further show that the only non trivial conserved charges for
running dilaton solutions are the mass and the electric charge, while for
constant dilaton solutions only the electric charge is non zero. However, by
uplifting the solutions to three dimensions we show that constant dilaton
solutions can support non trivial extended symmetry algebras, including the one
found by Comp\`ere, Song and Strominger, in agreement with results by Castro
and Song. Finally, we demonstrate that any solution of this specific dilaton
gravity model can be uplifted to a family of asymptotically AdS$_2\times S^2$
or conformally AdS$_2\times S^2$ solutions of the STU model in four dimensions.
The four dimensional solutions obtained by uplifting the running dilaton
solutions coincide with the so called `subtracted geometries', while those
obtained from the uplift of the constant dilaton ones are new.Comment: 42 pages, 2 figures; v2 minor typos corrected and references added.
  Version published in JHEP; v3 corrected the argument leading to the
  Schwarzian derivative action in eq. (3.21) and added one reference. All
  results remain unaffecte
Modulation of glucagon receptor pharmacology by receptor activity-modifying protein-2 (RAMP2)

© 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. The glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors play important, opposing roles in regulating blood glucose levels. Consequently, these receptors have been identified as targets for novel diabetes treatments. However, drugs acting at the GLP-1 receptor, although having clinical efficacy, have been associated with severe adverse side-effects, and targeting of the glucagon receptor has yet to be successful. Here we use a combination of yeast reporter assays and mammalian systems to provide a more complete understanding of glucagon receptor signaling, considering the effect of multiple ligands, association with the receptor-interacting protein receptor activity-modifying protein-2 (RAMP2), and the role of individual G protein α-subunits. We demonstrate that RAMP2 alters both ligand selectivity and G protein preference of the glucagon receptor. Importantly, we also uncover novel cross-reactivity of therapeutically used GLP-1 receptor ligands at the glucagon receptor that is abolished by RAMP2 interaction. This study reveals the glucagon receptor as a previously unidentified target for GLP-1 receptor agonists and highlights a role for RAMP2 in regulating its pharmacology. Such previously unrecognized functions of RAMPs highlight the need to consider all receptor-interacting proteins in future drug development
Generalisation, decision making, and embodiment effects in mental rotation: A neurorobotic architecture tested with a humanoid robot.

Mental rotation, a classic experimental paradigm of cognitive psychology, tests the capacity of humans to mentally rotate a seen object to decide if it matches a target object. In recent years, mental rotation has been investigated with brain imaging techniques to identify the brain areas involved. Mental rotation has also been investigated through the development of neural-network models, used to identify the specific mechanisms that underlie its process, and with neurorobotics models to investigate its embodied nature. Current models, however, have limited capacities to relate to neuro-scientific evidence, to generalise mental rotation to new objects, to suitably represent decision making mechanisms, and to allow the study of the effects of overt gestures on mental rotation. The work presented in this study overcomes these limitations by proposing a novel neurorobotic model that has a macro-architecture constrained by knowledge held on brain, encompasses a rather general mental rotation mechanism, and incorporates a biologically plausible decision making mechanism. The model was tested using the humanoid robot iCub in tasks requiring the robot to mentally rotate 2D geometrical images appearing on a computer screen. The results show that the robot gained an enhanced capacity to generalise mental rotation to new objects and to express the possible effects of overt movements of the wrist on mental rotation. The model also represents a further step in the identification of the embodied neural mechanisms that may underlie mental rotation in humans and might also give hints to enhance robots' planning capabilities
Single cell RNA-sequencing reveals a continuous spectrum of differentiation in haematopoietic cells

The transcriptional programs that govern haematopoiesis have mainly been investigated by population-level analysis of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which cannot reveal the continuous nature of the differentiation process. Here we applied single cell RNA-sequencing to a population of haematopoietic cells in zebrafish as they undergo thrombocyte lineage commitment. By reconstructing their developmental chronology computationally, we were able to place each cell along a continuum from stem cell to mature cell, refining the traditional lineage tree. The progression of cells along this continuum is characterised by a highly coordinated transcriptional program, displaying simultaneous suppression of genes involved in cell proliferation and ribosomal biogenesis as the expression of lineage specific genes increases. Within this program, there is substantial heterogeneity in the expression of the key lineage regulators. Overall, the total number of genes expressed, as well as the total mRNA content of the cell, decreases as the cells undergo lineage commitment.The study was supported by Cancer Research UK grant number C45041/A14953 to A.C., C.L. and L.F and a core support grant from the Wellcome Trust and MRC to the Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. S.T would like to acknowledge the Lister Research Prize from the Lister Institute. The authors declare no competing financial interestsThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Cell Press via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.12.08
Functional connectivity assessed by resting state EEG correlates with cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease - An eLORETA study

Objective: To explore neurophysiological biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated electroencephalography (EEG) of AD patients, and assessed lagged phase synchronization, a measure of brain functional connectivity.\ud
Methods: Twenty-eight probable AD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. Forty seconds of artifact-free EEG data were selected and compared between patients with AD and HC. Current source density (CSD) and lagged phase synchronization were analyzed by using eLORETA.\ud
Results: Patients with AD showed significantly decreased lagged phase synchronization between most cortical regions in delta band relative to controls. There also was a decrease in lagged phase synchronization between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the right posterior-inferior parietal lobule (pIPL) in theta band. In addition, some connections in delta band were found to be associated with cognitive function, measured by MMSE. This involved specifically interhemispheric temporal connections as well as left inferior parietal connectivity with the left hippocampus, lateral frontal regions, and the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC). Right temporal connections in delta band were related to global function, as estimated by CDR. No differences were found in CSD analysis between patients and HC.\ud
Conclusions: Functional connectivity disruptions between certain brain regions, as measured with lagged phase synchronization, may potentially represent a neurophysiological biomarker of AD. \ud
Significance: Our study indicated that AD and healthy elderly could have the different patterns of lagged phase synchronization
Transverse momentum spectra of inclusive b jets in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{^{s}NN}$ = 5.02 TeV

We present a measurement of b jet transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra in proton- lead (pPb) collisions using a dataset corresponding to about 35 nb$^{−1}$ collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Jets from b quark fragmentation are found by ex- ploiting the long lifetime of hadrons containing a b quark through tagging meth- ods using distributions of the secondary vertex mass and displacement. Extracted cross sections for b jets are scaled by the effective number of nucleon-nucleon colli- sions and are compared to a reference obtained from PYTHIA simulations of pp collisions. The PYTHIA-based estimate of the nuclear modification factor is found to be 1.22 ± 0.15 (stat+syst pPb) ± 0.27 (syst PYTHIA) averaged over all jets with $p_{T}$ between 55 and 400 GeV/c and with |ηlab| < 2. We also compare this result to predictions from models using perturbative calculations in quantum chromodynamics
Summary of the searches for squarks and gluinos using √s = 8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC

A summary is presented of ATLAS searches for gluinos and first- and second-generation squarks in final states containing jets and missing transverse momentum, with or without leptons or b-jets, in the √s = 8 TeV data set collected at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. This paper reports the results of new interpretations and statistical combinations of previously published analyses, as well as a new analysis. Since no significant excess of events over the Standard Model expectation is observed, the data are used to set limits in a variety of models. In all the considered simplified models that assume R-parity conservation, the limit on the gluino mass exceeds 1150 GeV at 95% confidence level, for an LSP mass smaller than 100 GeV. Furthermore, exclusion limits are set for left-handed squarks in a phenomenological MSSM model, a minimal Supergravity/Constrained MSSM model, R-parity-violation scenarios, a minimal gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking model, a natural gauge mediation model, a non-universal Higgs mass model with gaugino mediation and a minimal model of universal extra dimensions
Investigation of the Switching Mechanism in TiO2‑Based RRAM: A Two-Dimensional EDX Approach

The next generation of nonvolatile memory storage may well be based on resistive switching in metal oxides. TiO2 as transition metal oxide has been widely used as active layer for the fabrication of a variety of multistate memory nanostructure devices. However, progress in their technological development has been inhibited by the lack of a thorough understanding of the underlying switching mechanisms. Here, we employed high-angle annular darkfield scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) combined with two-dimensional energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (2D EDX) to provide a novel, nanoscale view of the mechanisms involved. Our results suggest that the switching mechanism involves redistribution of both Ti and O ions within the active layer combined with an overall loss of oxygen that effectively render conductive filaments. Our study shows evidence of titanium movement in a 10 nm TiO2 thin-film through direct EDX mapping that provides a viable starting point for the improvement of the robustness and lifetime of TiO2-based resistive random access memory (RRAM)
Warp evidence in precessing galactic bar models

Most galaxies have a warped shape when they are seen edge-on. The reason for this curious form is not completely known so far, so in this work we apply dynamical system tools to contribute to its explanation. Starting from a simple, but realistic model formed by a bar and a disc, we study the effect of a small misalignment between the angular momentum of the system and its angular velocity. To this end, a precession model was developed and considered, assuming that the bar behaves like a rigid body. After checking that the periodic orbits inside the bar continue to be the skeleton of the inner system even after inflicting a precession to the potential, we computed the invariant manifolds of the unstable periodic orbits departing from the equilibrium points at the ends of the bar to find evidence of their warped shapes. As is well known, the invariant manifolds associated with these periodic orbits drive the arms and rings of barred galaxies and constitute the skeleton of these building blocks. Looking at them from a side-on viewpoint, we find that these manifolds present warped shapes like those recognised in observations. Lastly, test particle simulations have been performed to determine how the stars are affected by the applied precession, this way confirming the theoretical results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version