pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Material interface effects on the topology optimization of multi-phase structures using a level set method

International audienceA level set method is used as a framework to study the effects of including material interface properties in the optimization of multi-phase elastic and thermoelastic structures. In contrast to previous approaches, the material properties do not have a discontinuous change across the interface that is often represented by a sharp geometric boundary between material regions. Instead, finite material interfaces with monotonic and non-monotonic property variations over a physically motivated interface zone are investigated. Numerical results are provided for several 2D problems including compliance and displacement minimization of structures composed of two and three materials. The results highlight the design performance changes attributed to the presence of the continuously graded material interface properties
Transit time during the interparticle percolation process

International audienceA numerical investigation of jamming effect during the spontaneous interparticle percolation process of small beads through an unconsolidated porous media has been performed. The size ratio between the moving beads and the ones building up the porous medium was chosen larger than the geometrical trapping threshold: ξc=(2/√3−1)−1=6.464.... In this paper, we used the discrete element method algorithm to study the rebounds of particles on the top of the porous medium and the transit times of an assembly of particles through it. Several parameters such as the number of injected particles, the size ratio between beads, and the energy restitution coefficient are investigated. This study leads to give some important results of the evolution of the transit time versus the contiguous volume occupied by the percolating particles
Correlation effect between transmitter and receiver azimuthal directions on the illumination function from a random rough surface

International audienceThe resolution of some problems of electromagnetic scattering from random rough surfaces implies the derivation of the illumination function, especially when the geometrical optics approximation is valid. In current models, the shadowing e ects occurring for both the trans- mitter and the receiver are assumed to be independent of their azimuthal directions. This assumption makes it possible to compute separately the shadowing probabilities in each di- rection. However, if the transmitter and receiver azimuthal directions are close, these proba- bilities become strongly correlated. In such a con guration, the uncorrelation approximation induces an overestimation of the average illumination function up to 10% as well as a discon- tinuity. In this paper, assuming a surface with Gaussian process, this correlation is taken into account. Comparisons of our model with Monte Carlo simulations are made and show a very good agreement, which validates our approach
Macro-microscopic mass formulae and nuclear mass predictions

Different mass formulae derived from the liquid drop model and the pairing and shell energies of the Thomas-Fermi model have been studied and compared. They include or not the diffuseness correction to the Coulomb energy, the charge exchange correction term, the curvature energy, different forms of the Wigner term and powers of the relative neutron excess I = (N − Z)/A. Their coefficients have been determined by a least square fitting procedure to 2027 experimental atomic masses [1]. The Coulomb diffuseness correction Z2/A term or the charge exchange correction Z4/3/A1/3 term plays the main role to improve the accuracy of the mass formula. The Wigner term and the curvature energy can also be used separately but their coefficients are very unstable. The different fits lead to a surface energy coefficient of around 17-18 MeV. A large equivalent rms radius (r0 = 1.22−1.24 fm) or a shorter central radius may be used. A rms deviation of 0.54 MeV can be reached between the experimental and theoretical masses. The remaining differences come probably mainly from the determination of the shell and pairing energies. Mass predictions of selected expressions have been compared to 161 new experimental masses and the correct agreement allows to provide extrapolations to masses of 656 selected exotic nuclei
Grand symmetry, spectral action and the Higgs mass

In the context of the spectral action and the noncommutative geometry approach to the standard model, we build a model based on a larger symmetry. With this grand symmetry it is natural to have the scalar field necessary to obtain the Higgs mass in the vicinity of 126 GeV. This larger symmetry mixes gauge and spin degrees of freedom without introducing extra fermions. Requiring the noncommutative space to be an almost commutative geometry (i.e. the product of manifold by a finite dimensional internal space) gives conditions for the breaking of this grand symmetry to the standard model
Electrochemical Detection of Duplex DNA Using Intercalation-Triggered Decomplexation of Ferrocene with β-Cyclodextrin

The redox peak of ferrocenylnaphthalene diimide used as a threading intercalator shifted positively due to the formation of its complex with β-cyclodextrin. This complex collapsed upon the addition of double-stranded DNA, and its redox potential shifted negatively. This behavior was applied for the homogenous detection of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product from Porphyromonas gingivalis, which is important for the diagnosis of periodontal disease, and its quantitative detection was achieved with a detection limit of 2.7 nM
High prevalence of serum autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha-enolase in Hashimoto's encephalopathy.

Recently, we discovered autoantibodies against the amino (NH(2))-terminal of alpha-enolase (NAE) in patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) (83.3%; 5/6) [Fujii, A., Yoneda, M., Ito, T., Yamamura, O., Satomi, S., Higa, H., Kimura, M., Suzuki, M., Yamashita, M., Yuasa, T., Suzuki, H., Kuriyama, M., 2005. Autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha-enolase are a useful diagnostic marker of Hashimoto's encephalopathy. J. Neuroimmunol. 162, 130-136]. We further investigated the anti-NAE autoantibodies in 25 patients who fit the diagnostic criteria for HE, based on the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies and responsiveness to immunotherapy. In this study, we demonstrated a high prevalence (68%, 17 of 25) and high specificity of anti-NAE autoantibodies in patients with HE, and clarified the clinical features of HE. This result demonstrated that anti-NAE autoantibodies, in addition to anti-thyroid autoantibodies, are emphasized as useful serological diagnostic markers of HE
Economic implications of water efficiency measures II: cost effectiveness of composite strategies

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.This paper briefly describes the development and application of a tool for generating micro-components (e.g. baths, taps, showers, WCs, washing machines and dishwashers) based water efficient composite strategies and assesses their cost effectiveness using a number of economic assessment methods. A composite strategy is defined as a combination of micro-components that could deliver a given water efficiency level. The assessment results suggest that the economic performance of water efficient composite strategies varies considerably.
 There is no linear relationship between water and energy consumption and the total cost associated with the strategies. Additionally, conventional cost assessment methods appear to be unsuitable for identifying the least cost options to consumers.The work was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and its support is thankfully acknowledged
Vicarious Group Trauma among British Jews

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11133-016-9337-4Given that literature on the intra- and inter-generational transmission of traumas is mainly based on secondary literature and focuses on the transmission of trauma memory in terms of the historical knowledge of group trauma, this article develops the theory of vicarious group trauma and tests this theory by exploring vicarious traumatization in the everyday lives of Jews in Britain through the methods of observation and in-depth interviewing. Vicarious group trauma is defined as a life or safety-threatening event or abuse that happened to some members of a social group but is felt by other members as their own experience because of their personal affiliation with the group. The article finds that the vicarious sensation of traumatic group experiences can create anxiety, elicit perceptions of threat and, by extension, hypervigilance among Jews. The findings demonstrate that group traumas of the past interpenetrate and interweave with members’ current lives and in this way can also become constitutive of their group identity. An institutional focus on threats to Jews can inform the construction and reinforcement of traumatization symptoms and accordingly vicarious group trauma. This article suggests an association between the level of involvement of group members in the collective’s social structure and the prominence of vicarious group trauma among them
Luminous and solar characterization of PV modules for building integration

The optical characterization of different PV modules for integration in buildings (BIPV) is presented in this paper. The investigated PV modules are laminated glasses (PV laminates) suitable for integration in façades and windows. They are made of different PV cell technologies and some of them present a certain transparency degree, making possible to combine daylighting properties with solar control and electrical generation. The approach is based on spectral UV/vis/NIR reflectance and transmittance measurements of the different considered samples, both at normal incidence and as a function of the angle of incidence when it is possible. The European standard protocols are used to determine the luminous and the solar characteristics of each sample, enabling the optical assessment of these PV modules as building elements. The results indicate the good properties of PV laminates in terms of daylighting and solar control capabilities allowing a feasible efficient integration in building faÃ§ades and windows. The obtained characteristic parameters can be used to simulate the influence in the energy balance of a building of different types of PV modules integrated in faÃ§ade or window elements. Â© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Rotational spectrum of phenylglycinol

Solid samples of phenylglycinol were vaporized by laser ablation and investigated through rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic expansion using two different techniques: chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy and narrow band molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. One conformer, bearing an O–H···N and an N–H···π intramolecular hydrogen bonds, could be successfully identified by comparison of the experimental rotational and 14N nuclear quadruple coupling constants with those predicted theoretically
Evolution of site-selection stabilizes population dynamics, promotes even distribution of individuals, and occasionally causes evolutionary suicide

Species that compete for access to or use of sites, such as parasitic mites attaching to honey bees or apple maggots laying eggs in fruits, can potentially increase their fitness by carefully selecting sites at which they face little or no competition. Here, we systematically investigate the evolution of site-selection strategies among animals competing for discrete sites. By developing and analyzing a mechanistic and population-dynamical model of site selection in which searching individuals encounter sites sequentially and can choose to accept or continue to search based on how many conspecifics are already there, we give a complete characterization of the different site-selection strategies that can evolve. We find that evolution of site-selection stabilizes population dynamics, promotes even distribution of individuals among sites, and occasionally causes evolutionary suicide. We also discuss the broader implications of our findings and propose how they can be reconciled with an earlier study (Nonaka et al. in J Theor Biol 317:96–104, 2013) that reported selection toward ever higher levels of aggregation among sites as a consequence of site-selection
Two-photon inner-shell ionization in the extreme ultraviolet

We have observed the simultaneous inner-shell absorption of two extreme-ultraviolet photons by a Xe atom in an experiment performed at the short-wavelength free electron laser facility FLASH. Photoelectron spectroscopy permitted us to unambiguously identify a feature resulting from the ionization of a single electron of the 4d subshell of Xe by two photons each of energy (93±1)  eV. The feature’s intensity has a quadratic dependence on the pulse energy. The results are discussed and interpreted within the framework of recent results of ion spectroscopy experiments of Xe obtained at ultrahigh irradiance in the extreme-ultraviolet regime
Model evaluation for glycolytic oscillations in yeast biotransformations of xenobiotics

Anaerobic glycolysis in yeast perturbed by the reduction of xenobiotic ketones is studied numerically in two models which possess the same topology but different levels of complexity. By comparing both models' predictions for concentrations and fluxes as well as steady or oscillatory temporal behavior we answer the question what phenomena require what kind of minimum model abstraction. While mean concentrations and fluxes are predicted in agreement by both models we observe different domains of oscillatory behavior in parameter space. Generic properties of the glycolytic response to ketones are discussed
Universal spatial correlations in random spinor fields

We identify universal spatial fluctuations in systems with nontrivial spin dynamics. To this end we calculate by exact numerical diagonalization a variety of experimentally relevant correlations between spinor amplitudes, spin polarizations, and spin currents, both in the bulk and near the boundary of a confined two-dimensional clean electron gas in the presence of spin-orbit interaction. We support our claim of universality with the excellent agreement between the numerical results and system-independent spatial correlations of a random field defined on both the spatial and spin degrees of freedom. A rigorous identity relating our universal predictions with response functions provides a direct physical interpretation of our results in the framework of linear response theory
A Simple Model of the Commercial Lobbying Industry

In this paper we present a model of the behavior of commercial lobbying firms (such as the so-called K-Street lobbyists of Washington, D.C.). In contrast to classical special interest groups, commercial lobbying firms represent a variety of clients and are not directly affected by policy outcomes. They are hired by citizens, or groups of citizens, to advocate on their behalf to policymakers. In our analysis we address two basic questions; why do commercial lobbying firms exist, and what are the implications of their existence for social welfare? We answer the first part of this question by proposing that commercial lobbying firms possess a verification technology that allows them to improve the quality of information concerning the social desirability of policy proposals. This gives policymakers the incentive to allocate their scarce time to lobbying firms. Essentially it is this access to policymakers that lobbying firms sell to their clients. To address the question of social welfare we construct a simple general equilibrium model that includes commercial lobbying firms, and compare the equilibrium obtained under market provision of lobbying services to the first best optimum. We find that the market level of lobbying services can be socially either too large or too small, and characterize when each will be the case.
Time Resolved Two Dimensional X-Ray Densitometry of a Two Phase Flow Downstream of a Ventilated Cavity

To measure the void fraction distribution in gas-liquid flows, a two-dimensional x-ray densitometry system was developed. This system is capable of acquiring a two-dimensional projection with a 225 cm2 area of measurement through 21 cm of water. The images can be acquired at rates on the order of 1 kHz. Common sources of error in x-ray imaging, such as x-ray scatter, image distortion, veiling glare, and beam hardening were considered, and mitigated. The measured average void fraction was compared success fully to that of a phantom target and found to be within 1%. To evaluate the performance of the new system, the flow in and downstream of a ventilated nominally two-dimensional partial cavity was investigated and compared to measurements from dual tip fiber optical probes and high speed video. The measurements were found to have satisfactory agreement for void fractions above 5% of the selected void fraction measurement range.Office of Naval Research
under grant N00014-10-1-097
Optimisation of constant matrix multiplication operation hardware using a genetic algorithm

The efficient design of multiplierless implementations of constant matrix multipliers is challenged by the huge solution search spaces even for small scale problems. Previous approaches tend to use hill-climbing algorithms risking sub-optimal results. The three-stage algorithm proposed in this paper partitions the global constant matrix multiplier into its constituent dot products, and all possible solutions are derived for each dot product in the first two stages. The third stage leverages the effective search capability of genetic programming to search for global solutions created by combining dot product partial solutions. A bonus feature of the algorithm is that the modelling is amenable to hardware acceleration. Another bonus feature is a search space reduction early exit mechanism, made possible by the way the algorithm is modelled. Results show an improvement on state of the art algorithms with future potential for even greater savings
An introduction to crowdsourcing for language and multimedia technology research

Language and multimedia technology research often relies on\ud
large manually constructed datasets for training or evaluation of algorithms and systems. Constructing these datasets is often expensive with significant challenges in terms of recruitment of personnel to carry out the work. Crowdsourcing methods using scalable pools of workers available on-demand offers a flexible means of rapid low-cost construction of many of these datasets to support existing research requirements and potentially promote new research initiatives that would otherwise not be possible
Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis

Miniaturized, portable instrumentation has been gaining popularity in all areas of analytical chemistry. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), due to its main strengths of high separation efficiency, relatively short analysis time and low consumption of chemicals, is a particularly suitable technique for use in portable analytical instrumentation. In line with the general trend in miniaturization in chemistry utilizing microfluidic chips, the main thrust of portable CE (P—CE) systems development is towards chip-based miniaturized CE. Despite this, capillary-based (non-chip) P—CE systems have certain unmatched advantages, especially in the relative simplicity of the regular cylindrical geometry of the CE capillary, maximal volume-to-surface ratio, no need to design and to fabricate a chip, the low costs of capillary compared to chip, and better performance with some detection techniques. This review presents an overview of the state of the art of P—CE and literature relevant to futuredevelopments. We pay particular attention to the development and the potential of miniaturization of functional parts for P—CE. These include components related to sample introduction, separation and detection, which are the key elements in P—CE design. The future of P—CE may be in relatively simple, rugged designs (e.g., using a short piece of capillary fixed to a chip-sized platform on which injection and detection parts can be mounted). Electrochemical detection is well suited for miniaturization, so is probably the most suitable detection technique for P—CE, but optical detection is gaining interest, especially due to miniaturized light sources (e.g., light-emitting diodes)
Testing Logselfsimilarity of Soil Particle Size Distribution: Simulation with Minimum Inputs

Particle size distribution (PSD) greatly influences other soil physical properties. A detailed textural analysis is time-consuming and expensive. Soil texture is commonly reported in terms of mass percentages of a small number of size fractions (typically, clay, silt and sand). A method to simulate the PSD from such a poor description or even from the poorest description, consisting in the mass percentages of only two soil size fractions, would be extremly useful for prediction purposes. The goal of this paper is to simulate soil PSDs from the minimum number of inputs, i.e., two and three textural fraction contents, by using a logselfsimilar model and an iterated function system constructed with these data. High quality data on 171 soils are used. Additionally, the characterization of soil texture by entropy-based parameters provided by the model is tested. Results indicate that the logselfsimilar model may be a useful tool to simulate PSD for the construction of pedotransfer functions related to other soil properties when textural information is limited to moderate textural data
A High-Level Implementation of Non-deterministic, Unrestricted, Independent And-Parallelism

The growing popularity of multicore architectures has renewed interest in language-based approaches to the exploitation of parallelism. Logic programming has proved an interesting framework to this end, and there are parallel implementations which have achieved significant speedups, but at the cost of a quite sophisticated low-level machinery. This machinery has been found challenging to code and, specially, to maintain and expand. In this paper, we follow a different approach which adopts a higher level view by raising some of the core components of the implementation to the level of the source language. We briefly present an implementation model for independent and-parallelism which fully supports non-determinism through backtracking and provides flexible solutions for some of the main problems found in previous and-parallel implementations. Our proposal is able to optimize the execution for the case of deterministic programs and to exploit unrestricted and-parallelism, which allows exposing more parallelism among clause literals than fork-join-based proposals. We present performance results for an implementation, including data for benchmarks where and-parallelism is exploited in non-deterministic programs