pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of unsteady models for fluid structure interaction: Application to yacht sails and rigs

•	We present full scale measurements on a yacht sailing upwind in moderate head swell
•	We highlight the unsteadiness of the loads : peaks may be twice the mean value
•	The dynamic behavior differs from the steady state : hysteresis loop
•	Experimental results compare well with an original FSI modelThis work presents a full scale experimental study on the aero-elastic wind/sails/rig interaction in real navigation conditions with the aim to give an experimental validation of unsteady fluid structure interaction (FSI) models applied to yacht sails. An inboard instrumentation system has been developed on a J80 yacht to simultaneously and dynamically measure the navigation parameters, yacht’s motion, and sails flying shape and loads in the standing and running rigging. The first results recorded while
sailing upwind in head waves are shown. Variations of the measured parameters are characterized and related to the yacht motion (trim mainly). Correlations between the different parameters are examined.
In the system’s response to the dynamic forcing (pitching motion) we attempt to distinguish between the aerodynamic effect of varying apparent wind induced by the motion and the structural effect of varying stresses and strains due to the motion and inertia. The dynamic full scale measurements presented underline the necessity of considering the unsteadiness of phenomena to correctly simulate a yacht’s behavior in actual sailing conditions. The simulation results from the FSI model compare very
well with the experimental data for steady sailing conditions. For the unsteady conditions obtained in head waves, the first results show a good agreement between measurements and simulation.This work has been done in the VoilENav project supported by
the Naval Academy, Ecole Navale, Franc
Lanthanide(III) Complexes of Novel Mixed Carboxylic-Phosphorus Acid Derivatives of Diethylenetriamine: A Step towards More Efficient MRI Contrast Agents

Three novel phosphorus-containing analogues of H5DTPA (DTPA = diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) were synthesised (H6L1, H5L2, H5L3). These compounds have a -CH2-P(O)(OH)-R function (R = OH, Ph, CH2NBn2) attached to the central nitrogen atom of the diethylenetriamine backbone. An NMR study reveals that these ligands bind to lanthanide(III) ions in an octadentate fashion through the three nitrogen atoms, a P-O oxygen atom and four carboxylate oxygen atoms. The complexed ligand occurs in several enantiomeric forms due to the chirality of the central nitrogen atom and the phosphorus atom upon coordination. All lanthanide complexes studied have one coordinated water molecule. The residence times (tau) of the coordinated water molecules in the gadolinium(III) complexes of H6L1 and H5L2 are 88 and 92 ns, respectively, which are close to the optimum. This is particularly important upon covalent and noncovalent attachment of these Gd3+ chelates to polymers. The relaxivity of the complexes studied is further enhanced by the presence of at least two water molecules in the second coordination sphere of the Gd3+ ion, which are probably bound to the phosphonate/phosphinate moiety by hydrogen bonds. The complex [Gd(L3)(H2O)]2- shows strong binding ability to HSA, and the adduct has a relaxivity comparable to MS-325 (40 s-1 mM-1 at 40 MHz, 37 °C) even though it has a less favourable tauM value (685 ns). Transmetallation experiments with Zn2+ indicate that the complexes have a kinetic stability that is comparable to - or better than - those of [Gd(dtpa)(H2O)]2- and [Gd(dtpa-bma)(H2O)].http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20030515
Validation of internal control genes for expression studies: Effects of the neurotrophin BDNF on hippocampal neurons

The stability of expression of an internal control is required for accurate and reliable normalization in quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments. However, expression of commonly used reference genes can be regulated under specific experimental conditions, particularly in response to stimuli that exert multiple effects on gene expression. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates gene expression through activation of multiple signaling cascades, and we have conducted an expression study for the proper validation of internal control genes in BDNF-stimulated cultured hippocampal neurons. geNorm and NormFinder were applied to eight potential genes to identify the most stable genes to be used in the relative quantification of the effects of BDNF on gene expression. Our data show that Tbp (TATA box binding protein), Ppia (peptidylprolyl isomerase A), Pgk1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), and Hprt1 (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase I) are the most stable genes under the experimental conditions used, contrasting with Tuba1 (tubulin alpha1-A chain) and Gapdh (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), two genes widely used as control genes, which showed an unstable expression in hippocampal neurons stimulated with BDNF. Analysis of the BDNF-induced changes in expression of Sars, Tufm, and Egr3 by using different sets of control genes showed distinct results, with a combination of three to four of the genes Tbp/Ppia/Pgk1/Hprt1 providing the most consistent results. Our data reinforce the need for proper validation of the internal control genes for an accurate quantification of qRT-PCR results, particularly when analyzing cellular responses to agents (e.g., neurotrophins) that cause multiple changes in gene expression. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.2179
Factors Affecting Macroinvertebrate Richness and Diversity in Portuguese Streams: a Two-Scale Analysis

We analysed the spatial patterns in macroinvertebrate taxon richness and abundance at two scales: sampling unit and basin. We sampled 12 stream sites in three zones of Portugal, differing in climate geomorphology and water chemistry. At a sampling unit scale, substratum organic matter content, depth and the dominant size of substratum particles were correlated with numbers of taxa and individuals. We propose that the number of taxa at a small scale depends on the number of individuals, which in turn is the result of organic matter accumulation, hydrologic and substratum characteristics. The environmental parameters better explaining the large-scale biological data were temperature, minimum size of substratum particles and pH. Regardless of the relative importance of variable types and mechanisms regulating stream invertebrates along the climatic gradient, rivers from the North and Centre appeared to be richer in taxa than the typically Mediterranean streams in the South.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.20031070
Development of a synthetic phantom for the selection of optimal scanning parameters in CAD-CT colonography

The aim of this paper is to present the development of a synthetic phantom that can be used for the selection of optimal scanning parameters in computed tomography (CT) colonography. In this paper we attempt to evaluate the influence of the main scanning parameters including slice thickness, reconstruction interval, field of view, table speed and radiation dose on the overall performance of a computer aided detection (CAD)–CTC system. From these parameters the radiation dose received a special attention, as the major problem associated with CTC is the patient exposure to significant levels of ionising radiation. To examine the influence of the scanning parameters we performed 51 CT scans where the spread of scanning parameters was divided into seven different protocols. A large number of experimental tests were performed and the results analysed. The results show that automatic polyp detection is feasible even in cases when the CAD–CTC system was applied to low dose CT data acquired with the following protocol: 13 mAs/rotation with collimation of 1.5 mm × 16 mm, slice thickness of 3.0 mm, reconstruction interval of 1.5 mm, table speed of 30 mm per rotation. The CT phantom data acquired using this protocol was analysed by an automated CAD–CTC system and the experimental results indicate that our system identified all clinically significant polyps (i.e. larger than 5 mm)
Fighting poverty to fight terrorism: security in DfID's development policy during the war on terror

This article builds on existing research on the securitisation of development aid following 9/11. Investigating arguments that the UK’s concern is with security at home and not the security of developing states, the policy discourse of the UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) is examined through its four major policy documents and two major security documents for the period from the late 1990s to the late 2000s. Two levels of analysis are used; a content analysis, and a discourse analysis. This article argues that DfID has: given increasing space to conflict and security and, after initial restrictions placed on DfID’s involvement in security in the late 1990s, security has become a key development concern during the War on Terror. In the process the goal of Human Security - to place development issues as security concerns - has been reversed and, instead, DfID has included security as a development problem
Multivariate Modelling of Pedestrian Fatality Risk Through on the Spot Accident Investigation

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable users of public roads and represent one of the largest groups of road casualties; their death rate around the world due to vehicle-pedestrian collisions is high and tending to rise. In Spain, as in other countries of the European Union, steps have been taken to reduce the number and consequences of such accidents, with encouraging results in recent years. A key to countering this concern is the accident research activity that has obtained remarkable achievements in different fields, especially when multidisciplinary approaches are taken. This paper describes the development of a multivariate model that is able to detect the most influential parameters on the consequences of vehicle-pedestrian collision and to quantify their impact on pedestrian fatality risk. First, an accident database containing detailed information and parameters of vehicle-pedestrian collisions in Madrid has been developed. The accidents were investigated on the spot by INSIA accident investigation teams and analyzed using advanced reconstruction techniques. The model was then developed with two components: (1) a classification tree that characterizes and selects the explanatory variables, identifying their interactions, and (2) a binary logistic regression to quantify the influence of each variable and interaction resulting from the classification tree. The whole model represents an important tool for identifying, quantifying and predicting the potential impact of measures aimed at reducing injuries in vehicle-pedestrian collisions
Two Different Approaches of Feature Extraction for Classifying the EEG Signals

The electroencephalograph (EEG) signal is one of the most widely used signals in the biomedicine field due to its rich information about human tasks. This research study describes a new approach based on i) build reference models from a set of time series, based on the analysis of the events that they contain, is suitable for domains where the relevant information is concentrated in specific regions of the time series, known as events. In order to deal with events, each event is characterized by a set of attributes. ii) Discrete wavelet transform to the EEG data in order to extract temporal information in the form of changes in the frequency domain over time- that is they are able to extract non-stationary signals embedded in the noisy background of the human brain.\ud
The performance of the model was evaluated in terms of training performance and classification accuracies and the results confirmed that the proposed scheme has potential in classifying the EEG signals
A proposal for improving safety in construction projects by strengthening coordinators’ competencies in health and safety issues

The figure of the coordinator in health and safety issues in the construction sector first appeared in our legislation through the incorporation of the European Directives (in our case Royal Decree 1627/97 on the minimum health and safety regulations in construction works), and is viewed differently in different countries of the European Union regarding the way they are hired and their role in the construction industry.\ud
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Coordinating health and safety issues is also a management process that requires certain competencies that are not only based on technical or professional training, but which, taking account of the work environment, require the use of strategies and tools that are related to experience and personal skills. Through a piece of research that took account of expert opinions in the matter, we have found which competencies need to be possessed by the health and safety coordinator in order to improve the safety in the works they are coordinating. The conclusions of the analyses performed using the appropriate statistical methods (comparing means and multivariate analysis techniques), will enable training programmes to be designed and ensure that the health and safety coordinators selected have the competencies required to carry out their duties
Electroreflectance characterization of AlInGaN/GaN high-electron mobility heterostructures

Room temperature electroreflectance (ER) spectroscopy has been used to study the fundamental properties of AlxInyGa${}_{1-x-y}$N/AlN/GaN heterostructures under different applied bias. The (0001)-oriented heterostructures were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on sapphire. The band gap energy of the AlxInyGa${}_{1-x-y}{\rm{N}}$ layers has been determined from analysis of the ER spectra using Aspnes' model. The obtained values are in good agreement with a nonlinear band gap interpolation equation proposed earlier. Bias-dependent ER allows one to determine the sheet carrier density of the two-dimensional electron gas and the barrier field strength
Some Liked It Hot: A Hypothesis Regarding Establishment of the\ud
Proto-Mitochondrial Endosymbiont During Eukaryogenesis

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a considerable increase in subcellular\ud
compartmentalization when compared to prokaryotes. Most evidence suggests that\ud
the earliest eukaryotes consisted of mitochondria derived from an\ud
α-proteobacterial ancestor enclosed within an archaeal host cell. However, what\ud
benefits the archaeal host and the proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont might have\ud
obtained at the beginning of this endosymbiotic relationship remains unclear. In \ud
this work, I argue that heat generated by the proto-mitochondrion initially\ud
permitted an archaeon living at high temperatures to colonize a cooler\ud
environment, thereby removing apparent limitations on cellular complexity.\ud
Furthermore, heat generation by the endosymbiont would have provided phenotypic\ud
flexibility not available through fixed alleles selected for fitness at specific \ud
temperatures. Finally, a role for heat production by the proto-mitochondrion\ud
bridges a conceptual gap between initial endosymbiont entry to the archaeal host \ud
and a later role for mitochondrial ATP production in permitting increased\ud
cellular complexity
Coping with a fast-changing world: towards new systems of future-oriented technology analysis

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Transformations linked to disruptive events are causing a shift in future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) activities from individual large-scale foresight actions to smaller in-house exercises and capacity building. The reasons are manifold relating to the need for an even tighter embedding of FTA in policy-making in a fast-changing complex environment as well as to internal drivers for novel forms of future intelligence to support coordinated and coherent decisions within and across organisations. This paper identifies three ideal types: external FTA services, the institutionalisation of FTA, and FTA networks, whilst recognising that in practice these types are complementary. In empirical terms this requires further investigation, in order to understand how different combinations of activities actually operate in their respective decision-making contexts. It is important to improve our understanding of how far institutionalised FTA can form part of customised solutions for building capacity to handle disruptions
Evidence for a disaggregation of the universe.

Combining the kinematical definitions of the two dimensionless parameters, the deceleration q(x) and the Hubble t 0 H(x), we get a differential equation (where x=t/t 0 is the age of the universe relative to its present value t 0). First integration gives the function H(x). The present values of the Hubble parameter H(1) [approximately t 0 H(1)≈1], and the deceleration parameter [approximately q(1)≈−0.5], determine the function H(x). A second integration gives the cosmological scale factor a(x). Differentiation of a(x) gives the speed of expansion of the universe. The evolution of the universe that results from our approach is: an initial extremely fast exponential expansion (inflation), followed by an almost linear expansion (first decelerated, and later accelerated). For the future, at approximately t≈3t 0 there is a final exponential expansion, a second inflation that produces a disaggregation of the universe to infinity. We find the necessary and sufficient conditions for this disaggregation to occur. The precise value of the final age is given only with one parameter: the present value of the deceleration parameter [q(1)≈−0.5]. This emerging picture of the history of the universe represents an important challenge, an opportunity for the immediate research on the Universe. These conclusions have been elaborated without the use of any particular cosmological model of the univers
Effects of a straight oil on friction at the tool-workmaterial interface in machining

Authors would like to express their gratitude to the TOTAL Company for the furniture of the lubricant.The quantification of friction coefficient along the tool-workmaterial interface in machining remains an issue in tribology. This paper aims identifying the evolution of friction coefficient for a large range of sliding velocity during the machining of a AISI4140 steel (290 HB) with a TiN coated carbide tool. The influence of a straight oil is investigated compared to a dry sliding situation (dry machining). It has been shown that, in dry machining, friction coefficient decreases with the sliding velocity until reaching a downer limit around 0.2. On the contrary, the presence of a straight oil decreases significantly friction coefficients to a value around 0.1. Additionally, the friction coefficient becomes independent from the sliding velocity. It also been shown that a straight oil is able to penetrate the pin-workmaterial interface even if a very high contact pressure is present (~3 GPa). The penetration duration is very fast, whereas its evacuation duration is much higher and strongly dependant on sliding speeds
Comparison of experimental and numerical sloshing loads in partially filled tanks

Sloshing describes the movement of liquids inside partially filled tanks, generating dynamic loads on the tank structure. The resulting impact pressures are of great importance in assessing structural strength, and their correct evaluation still represents a challenge for the designer due to the high level of nonlinearities involved, with complex free surface deformations, violent impact phenomena and influence of air trapping. In the present paper, a set of two-dimensional cases, for which experimental results are available, is considered to assess the merits and shortcomings of different numerical methods for sloshing evaluation, namely two commercial RANS solvers (FLOW-3D and LS-DYNA), and two academic software (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and RANS). Impact pressures at various critical locations and global moment induced by water motion in a partially filled rectangular tank, subject to a simple harmonic rolling motion, are evaluated and predictions are compared with experimental measurements. 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
A novel context ontology to facilitate interoperation of semantic services in environments with wearable devices

The LifeWear-Mobilized Lifestyle with Wearables (Lifewear) project  attempts to create Ambient Intelligence (AmI) ecosystems by composing personalized services based on the user information, environmental conditions and reasoning outputs. Two of the most important benefits over traditional environments are 1) take advantage of wearable devices to get user information in a nonintrusive way and 2) integrate this information with other intelligent services and environmental sensors. This paper proposes a new ontology composed by the integration of users and services information, for semantically representing this information. Using an Enterprise Service Bus, this ontology is integrated in a semantic middleware to provide context-aware personalized and semantically annotated services, with discovery, composition and orchestration tasks. We show how these services support a real scenario proposed in the Lifewear project
Cut moments and a generalization of DGLAP equations

We elaborate a cut (truncated) Mellin moments (CMM) approach that is
constructed to study deep inelastic scattering in lepton-hadron collisions at
the natural kinematic constraints. We show that generalized CMM obtained by
multiple integrations of the original parton distribution $f(x,\mu^2)$ as well
as ones obtained by multiple differentiations of this $f(x,\mu^2)$ also satisfy
the DGLAP equations with the correspondingly transformed evolution kernel
$P(z)$. Appropriate classes of CMM for the available experimental kinematic
range are suggested and analyzed. Similar relations can be obtained for the
structure functions $F(x)$, being the Mellin convolution $F= C \ast f$, where
$C$ is the coefficient function of the process.Comment: 11 page
Supply Chain Management Resources, Capabilities and Execution

This paper identifies inter- and intra-organisational management resources that determine the level of execution of inter-firm alliance supply chain management (SCM). By drawing on network and resource-based view theories, a conceptual model proposes the effects of SCM resources and capabilities as influencing factors on SCM execution. The model was tested using survey data from studies conducted in two European supply chain environments. Variance-based structural equation modelling confirmed the hypothesised hierarchical order of three proposed antecedents: internal SCM resources affect joint SCM resources, which in turn influence collaborative SCM-related processes and finally SCM execution. An importance-performance analysis for both settings shows that providing and investing in internal SCM resources should be a priority when aiming to increase SCM execution. The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in confirming that the improvement of SCM execution follows a clear pathway featuring internal supply chain resources as one of the main drivers. The practical implications of this research include the development of a prioritisation list of measures that elevate SCM execution in the two country settings