pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Conflict and cognitive control during sentence comprehension: recruitment of a frontal network during the processing of Spanish object-first sentences.

During sentence processing there is a preference to treat the first noun phrase found as the subject and agent, unless marked the other way. This preference would lead to a conflict in thematic role assignment when the syntactic structure conforms to a non-canonical object-before-subject pattern. Left perisylvian and fronto-parietal brain networks have been found to be engaged by increased computational demands during sentence comprehension, while event-reated brain potentials have been used to study the on-line manifestation of these demands. However, evidence regarding the spatiotemporal organization of brain networks in this domain is scarce. In the current study we used Magnetoencephalography to track spatio-temporally brain activity while Spanish speakers were reading subject- and object-first cleft sentences. Both kinds of sentences remained ambiguous between a subject-first or an object-first interpretation up to the appearance of the second argument. Results show the time-modulation of a frontal network at the disambiguation point of object-first sentences. Moreover, the time windows where these effects took place have been previously related to thematic role integration (300–500 ms) and to sentence reanalysis and resolution of conflicts during processing (beyond 500 ms post-stimulus). These results point to frontal cognitive control as a putative key mechanism which may operate when a revision of the sentence structure and meaning is necessar
Economic analysis of drought risks: an application to irrigated agriculture in Spain

Abstract This paper describes a two-part methodology for managing the risk posed by water supply variability to irrigated agriculture. First, an econometric model is used to explain the variation in the production value of irrigated  agriculture. The explanatory variables include an index of irrigation water availability (surface storage  levels), a price index representative of the crops grown in each geographical unit, and a time variable.  The model corrects for autocorrelation and it is applied to 16 representative Spanish provinces in  terms of irrigated agriculture. In the second part, the fitted models are used for the economic evaluation of  drought risk. In flow variability in the hydrological system servicing each province is used to perform ex-ante  evaluations of economic output for the upcoming irrigation season. The model?s error and the probability  distribution functions (PDFs) of the reservoirs? storage variations are used to generate Monte Carlo  (Latin Hypercube) simulations of agricultural output 7 and 3 months prior to the irrigation season. The  results of these simulations illustrate the different risk profiles of each management unit, which depend  on farm productivity and on the probability distribution function of water in flow to reservoirs. The potential for ex-ante drought impact assessments is demonstrated. By complementing hydrological  models,  this method can assist water managers and decisionmakers in managing reservoirs
Grape processing by high hydrostatic pressure: effect on use of non-Saccharomyces in must fermentation

Vitis vinifera (variety Tempranillo) grapes were pressurized at 400 MPa by high hydrostatic pressure for 10 min and the effect on wild microbial populations, phenol extraction and wine composition was monitored. After treatment, the grapes were inoculated and fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several non-Saccharomyces yeasts: Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Lachancea thermotolerans. S. pombe was used as sole fermentative yeast, but T. delbrueckii, M. pulcherrima and L. thermotolerans were used in sequential cultures with S. cerevisiae to completely ferment the sugars. The HHP treatment reduces strongly or eliminates wild microorganisms, especially yeasts, facilitating the growth and development of non- Saccharomyces yeasts. Thus, it helps to get either a better expression of enzymatic activities or metabolites production of non- Saccharomyces affecting wine quality
Evaluation of the accessibility of selected packaging by comparison of quantitative measurements of the opening forces and qualitative surveys through focus group studies

It can be expected that many elderly people have impaired opening capacity of food packaging bearing in mind the changes in functionality and physical strength that occur during ageing. This study determined the relation of the quantitative force required to open selected food packaging systems with findings derived from qualitative focus group studies to retrieve comprehensive information on the specific needs of seniors. The focus group studies revealed that the assessment of the ease of opening is very subjective and can vary from objective measurements. The quantitative measurement of the force required to open the ‘easy to open’ thermoformed tray resulted in considerably higher peel initiation forces of 22.50 ± 1.62N compared to the standard tray (12.80 ± 1.93 N). However, the packaging type was still felt to be easier to open because of the enlarged tab and peeling corner, which was said to be easy to grip. Conversely, the stand-up pouches with twist-off caps could only be opened with difficulty because of the small caps and the difficulty in breaking seals, despite the substantially lower opening forces of 0.46 ± 0.06Nm compared with the other torque closures. The evaluation of a package was found to be only partly dependent on the required opening force but strongly influenced by various design factors and consumer’s expectations as well as experiences
Effect of polydextrose on physicochemical properties of threadfin bream (Nemipterus spp) surimi during frozen storage

Physicochemical properties of threadfin bream surimi with different levels of polydextrose (3%, 6%, 9% and 12%), raw surimi, raw surimi with addition sodium tripolyphosphate and commercial surimi (sucrose) during 6 months of frozen storage were investigated. The analyses included the measurement of Ca2+-ATPase, sulfhydryl contents, protein solubility, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The Ca2+-ATPase, sulfhydryl content and protein solubility levels added with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% polydextrose can be maintained until the 6 months of storage by 47.33%, 41.60% and 51.41%, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry showed decreases in thermal stabilization of myosin with regard to transition termperature. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the number of pores formed was increased after storage. This study suggested that surimi stored with the polydextrose as a cryoprotectant was able to maintain physicochemical of surimi better compared to raw surimi with no additives or raw surimi with sodium tripolyphosphate.\ud
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Keywords: Cryoprotectant, Myofibrillar protein, Physicochemical properties, Polydextrose, Surim
Analytical investigation and experimental application of the source modulation technique to measure $\rho/\beta_{eff}$

In recent years great interest has been displayed, worldwide, for Accelerator Driven Sub critical reactors (ADS) to incinerate the minor actinides generated by the existing energy producing reactors. In sub critical systems, the effective neutron multiplication factor is lower than 1.0 and the neutrons otherwise required to maintain the chain reaction, can be put to other uses, in particular, the destruction of nuclear wastes such as minor actinides (MA). One of the major advantages of such ADS systems is that it can be operated with very high M.A content without jeopardizing the overall safety due to a small effective delayed neutron fraction, a small Doppler temperature coefficient and possibly also a large void coefficient depending on the chosen coolant. This enhanced safety however prerequisites at all time a sufficient subcriticality margin. Reliable reactivity monitoring techniques are hence required to achieve this goal. The MUSE-4 program is a series of low power experiments carried out at the CEA-Cadarache MASURCA facility to investigate the various methods leading to the measurement of the reactivity level and associated kinetic parameters such as the effective delayed neutron fraction. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained with a method which directly gives the ratio, for a sub critical assembly, between the reactivity ρ and the effective delayed neutron fraction βeff. By combining these results to those obtained with the kp-method for the prompt neutron multiplication coefficient, we have access to the parameters which govern the prompt and the slow kinetics of a sub critical assembly. These parameters can be obtained without reference to any calibration measurement in critical configuration. It opens the way to the control of larger sub critical demonstrators which are operating with fuels which cannot be used in critical reactor, and, thanks to sub criticality, which are characterized by a deterministic safety
Smart homes and the control of indoor air quality

Global climate change, demographic change and advancing mechanization of everyday life\ud
will go along with new ways of living. Temperature extremes, an ageing society and higher\ud
demands on a comfortable life will lead to the implementation of sensor based networks in\ud
order to create acceptable and improved living conditions. Originally, the idea of the smart\ud
home served primarily the efficient use of energy and the optimization of ventilation\ud
technology connected with new ways of constructing buildings (low-energy and passive\ud
houses, respectively). Today the term 'smart home' is also linked with the networking of\ud
home automation systems, home appliances and communications and entertainment\ud
electronics. Living in a smart home often makes also significant demands on the occupants\ud
who are required to drastically change some of their living habits. This review summarizes\ud
current findings on the effect of measured environmental parameters on indoor air quality,\ud
individual thermal comfort and living behavior in smart homes with focus on central Europe.\ud
A critical evaluation of available sensor technologies, their application in homes and data\ud
security aspects as well as limits and possibilities of current technologies to control particles\ud
and gaseous pollutants indoors is included. The review also considers the acceptance of\ud
smart technologies by occupants in terms of living habits, perceived indoor air quality and\ud
data security
New Foundations for Counterfactuals

Philosophers typically rely on intuitions when providing a semantics for counterfactual conditionals. However, intuitions regarding counterfactual conditionals are notoriously shaky. The aim of this paper is to provide a principled account of the semantics of counterfactual conditionals. This principled account is provided by what I dub the Royal Rule, a deterministic analogue of the Principal Principle relating chance and credence.\ud
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The Royal Rule says that an ideal doxastic agent's initial grade of disbelief in a proposition A, given that the counterfactual distance in a given context to the closest A-worlds equals n, and no further information that is not admissible in this context, should equal n. Under the two assumptions that the presuppositions of a given context are admissible in this context, and that the theory of deterministic alethic or metaphysical modality is admissible in any context, it follows that the counterfactual distance distribution in a given context has the structure of a ranking function. The basic conditional logic V is shown to be sound and complete with respect to the resulting rank-theoretic semantics of counterfactuals
Universality of the self gravitational potential energy of any fundamental particle.

Using the relation proposed by Weinberg in 1972, combining quantum and cosmological parameters, we prove that the self gravitational potential energy of any fundamental particle is a quantum, with physical properties independent of the mass of the particle. It is a universal quantum of gravitational energy, and its physical properties depend only on the cosmological scale factor R and the physical constants ℏ and c. We propose a modification of the Weinberg’s relation, keeping the same numerical value, but substituting the cosmological parameter H/c by 1/R
Healthy lifestyle interventions in general practice Part 10: Lifestyle and arthritic conditions - Osteoarthritis

Chronic musculoskeletal disease is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide with considerable economic impact in health care. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease affecting a large proportion of the population with an increasing predicted prevalence in the next two decades. Regular physical exercise, nutritional intervention, psychological support and other lifestyle interventions are very important components of the nonpharmacological management of patients with OA. The main rationale to include regular exercise as part of a lifestyle intervention programme for OA is to improve muscle strength and proprioception, and to promote the other general health benefits of participating in regular physical activity. Nutritional intervention should focus on weight reduction while basic nutrients that are required for healthy joints should be provided. Glucosamine and chondroitin supplemention is commonly used and may reduce pain, improve function and reduce or arrest disease progression. Psychological intervention has a particular role in assisting with pain management
Morphological alterations induced by doxorubicin on H9c2 myoblasts: nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytoskeletal targets

Abstract  Doxorubicin (Dox) is a very potent antineoplastic agent used against several types of cancer, despite a cumulative cardiomyopathy that reduces the therapeutic index for treatment. H9c2 myoblast cells have been used as an in vitro model to study biochemical alterations induced by Dox treatment on cardiomyocyte cells. Despite the extensive work already published, few data are available regarding morphological alterations of H9c2 cells during Dox treatment. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate Dox-induced morphological alterations in H9c2 myoblasts, focusing especially on the nuclei, mitochondria, and structural fibrous proteins. Treatment of H9c2 cell with low concentrations of Dox causes alterations in fibrous structural proteins including the nuclear lamina and sarcomeric cardiac myosin, as well as mitochondrial depolarization and fragmentation, membrane blebbing with cell shape changes, and phosphatidylserine externalization. For higher Dox concentrations, more profound alterations are evident, including nuclear swelling with disruption of nuclear membrane structure, mitochondrial swelling, and extensive cytoplasm vacuolization. The results obtained indicate that Dox causes morphological alterations in mitochondrial, nuclear, and fibrous protein structures in H9c2 cells, which are dependent on the drug concentration. Data obtained with the present study allow for a better characterization of the effects of Dox on H9c2 myoblasts, used as a model to study Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. The results obtained also provide new and previously unknown targets that can contribute to understand the mechanisms involved in the cardiotoxicity of Dox.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10565-008-9070-
Soybean oil treatment impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and changes fatty acid composition of normal and diabetic islets

Abstract  We investigated the effect of sub-chronic soybean oil (SO) treatment on the insulin secretion and fatty acid composition of islets of Langerhans obtained from Goto-Kakizaki (GK), a model of type 2 diabetes, and normal Wistar rats. We observed that soybean-treated Wistar rats present insulin resistance and defective islet insulin secretion when compared with untreated Wistar rats. The decrease in insulin secretion occurred at all concentrations of glucose and arginine tested. Furthermore we observed that soybean-treated normal islets present a significant decrease in two saturated fatty acids, myristic and heneicosanoic acids, and one monounsaturated eicosenoic acid, and the appearance of the monounsaturated erucic acid. Concerning diabetic animals, we observed that soybean-treated diabetic rats, when compared with untreated GK rats, present an increase in plasma non-fasting free fatty acids, an exacerbation of islet insulin secretion impairment in all conditions tested and a significant decrease in the monounsaturated palmitoleic acid. Altogether our results show that SO treatment results in a decrease of insulin secretion and alterations on fatty acid composition in normal and diabetic islets. Furthermore, the impairment of insulin secretion, islet erucic acid and fasting plasma insulin levels are similar in treated normal and untreated diabetic rats, suggesting that SO could have a deleterious effect on ß-cell function and insulin sensitivity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592-007-0252-
Distinct Glycolysis Inhibitors Determine Retinal Cell Sensitivity to Glutamate-Mediated Injury

In this study, we analyzed how distinct glycolysis inhibitors influenced the redox status of retinal cells, used as a neuronal model. Three different approaches were used to inhibit glycolysis: the cells were submitted to iodoacetic acid (IAA), an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, to 2-deoxy-glucose (DG) in glucose-free medium, which was used as a substitute of glucose, or in the absence of glucose. The redox status of the cells was evaluated by determining the reduction of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). By the analysis of dose-response curves of MTT reduction, IAA showed values of IC50 = 7.02 × 10-5 M, whereas DG showed values of IC50 = 7.42 × 10-4 M. Upon 30 min-incubation, glucose deprivation, per se, did not significantly affect MTT reduction. We also evaluated the reduction of MTT as an indicator of cell injury by exposing the cells to 100 µM glutamate during the decrement of glycolysis function. In the presence of glutamate, for 2 h, there was a decrease in MTT reduction, which was potentiated in the presence of DG (10-20% decrease), in the presence of IAA (about 30% decrease) or in glucose-free medium (about 30% decrease). Major changes observed by the MTT assay, upon exposure to glutamate, indicative of changes in the redox status of retinal cells, were concomitant with variations in intracellular ATP. Under glucose deprivation, endogenous ATP decreased significantly from 38.9 ± 4.4 to 13.3 ± 0.7 nmol/mg protein after exposure to 100 µM glutamate. The results support a different vulnerability of retinal cells after being exposed to distinct forms of glycolysis inhibition.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:102097733137
Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Phobia

Abstract  The present study compares core beliefs between a group of patients with social phobia (n = 62), other anxiety disorders (n = 41) and a group of non-psychiatric controls (n = 55). Participants completed measures to assess social anxiety and the Young’s Schema Questionnaire (123-items version) that is designed to assess 15 early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). Results suggest that the schematic structure of patients with social phobia differs from the one of patients with other anxiety disorders and from normal controls’. Patients with social phobia show higher levels of EMSs particularly in the area of disconnection/rejection than patients with other anxiety disorders. Regression analysis identified the EMSs of mistrust/abuse, social undesirability/defectiveness, entitlement, emotional deprivation, unrelenting standards and shame, as the ones that explain most of the variance in our sample subject’s anxiety that they felt in social situations and on fear of negative evaluation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9027-
Determining the effectiveness of three software evaluation techniques through informal aggregation

An accepted fact in software engineering is that software must undergo verification and validation process during development to ascertain and improve its quality level. But there are too many techniques than a single developer could master, yet, it is impossible to be certain that software is free of defects. So, it is crucial for developers to be able to choose from available evaluation techniques, the one most suitable and likely to yield optimum quality results for different products. Though, some knowledge is available on the strengths and weaknesses of the available software quality assurance techniques but not much is known yet on the relationship between different techniques and contextual behavior of the techniques. Objective: This research investigates the effectiveness of two testing techniques ? equivalence class partitioning and decision coverage and one review technique ? code review by abstraction, in terms of their fault detection capability. This will be used to strengthen the practical knowledge available on these techniques
Search for new physics with same-sign isolated dilepton events with jets
  and missing transverse energy at the LHC

The results of searches for new physics in events with two same-sign isolated
leptons, hadronic jets, and missing transverse energy in the final state are
presented. The searches use an integrated luminosity of 35 inverse picobarns of
pp collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the CMS
experiment at the LHC. The observed numbers of events agree with the standard
model predictions, and no evidence for new physics is found. To facilitate the
interpretation of our data in a broader range of new physics scenarios,
information on our event selection, detector response, and efficiencies is
provided
Constraints on ultraviolet-stable fixed points in supersymmetric gauge theories

We consider the possibility that some supersymmetric gauge theories which are not asymptotically free can be governed by ultraviolet-stable fixed points. If this scenario can be realized, gaugino masses will exhibit power-law running with scale, providing a possible solution to the supersymmetric flavor problem. While naive perturbative calculations hint at the appearance of ultraviolet-stable fixed points in certain theories, there are strong constraints following from limits on the scaling dimensions of gauge-invariant operators, positivity of central charges, and Cardy's conjectured constraint on the flow of the Euler coefficient in the stress tensor trace anomaly. Also, we prove that if ultraviolet-stable fixed points do exist, they cannot occur in the perturbative regime of a renormalizable model, and that all-orders results in the limit of large numbers of chiral superfields are necessarily inconclusive. However, we argue that the general idea of ultraviolet-stable fixed points in supersymmetric gauge theories is viable, and exhibit models that can satisfy all known constraints