pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Increasing the quantum efficiency of InAs/GaAs QD arrays for solar cells grown by MOVPE without using strain-balance technology

Research into the formation of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in GaAs using the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy technique ispresented. This technique is deemed to be cheaper than the more often used and studied molecular beam epitaxy. The bestconditions for obtaining a high photoluminescence response, indicating a good material quality, have been found among awide range of possibilities. Solar cells with an excellent quantum ef?ciency have been obtained, with a sub-bandgapphoto-response of 0.07 mA/cm2per QD layer, the highest achieved so far with the InAs/GaAs system, proving the potentialof this technology to be able to increase the ef?ciency of lattice-matched multi-junction solar cells and contributing to abetter understanding of QD technology toward the achievement of practical intermediate-band solar cells
Pulsed-laser-induced nanoscale island formation in thin metal-on-oxide films

<p>he mechanisms controlling the nanostructuring of thin metal-on-oxide films by nanosecond pulsed excimer lasers are investigated. When permitted by the interfacial energetics, the breakup of the metal film into nanoscale islands is observed. A range of metals (Au, Ag, Mo, Ni, Ti, and Zn) with differing physical and thermodynamic properties, and differing tendencies for oxide formation, are investigated. The nature of the interfacial metal-substrate interaction, the thermal conductivity of the substrate, and the initial thickness of the metal film are all shown to be of importance when discussing the mechanism for nanoscale island formation under high fluence irradiation. It is postulated that the resulting nanoparticle size distribution is influenced by the surface roughness of the initial film and the Rayleigh instability criterion. The results obtained are compared with simulations of the heat transfer through the film in order to further elucidate the mechanisms. The results are expected to be applicable to the laser induced melting of a large range of different materials, where poor wetting of substrate by the liquid phase is observed.</p
Design and analysis of a reconfigurable discrete pin tooling system for\ud
molding of three-dimensional free-form objects

This paper presents the design and analysis of a new reconfigurable tooling for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) free-form objects. The proposed reconfigurable tooling system comprises a set of matrices of a closely stacked discrete elements (i.e., pins) arranged to form a cavity in which a free-form object can be molded. By reconfiguring the pins, a single tool can be used in the place of multiple tools to produce different parts with the involvement of much lesser time and cost. The structural behavior of a reconfigurable mold tool under process conditions of thermoplastic molding is studied using a finite element method (FEM) based methodology. Various factors that would affect the tool behavior are identified and their effects are analyzed to optimally design a reconfigurable mold tool for a given set of process conditions. A prototype, open reconfigurable mold tool is developed to present the feasibility of the proposed tooling system. Several case studies and sample parts are also presented in this paper
Regional Growth in China: An Empirical Investigation using Multiple Imputation and Province-level Panel Data

This paper examines the contributions of various factors to China’s economic growth.  The methodology is discussed in papers by Levine and Renelt (1992) and Sala-i-Martin (1997).  Using multiple imputation techniques on a panel data from 1978 to 1999 for 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and independently administered cities, we find that provinces with more innovation capital and more bank-deposit-to-GDP ratios tend to experience higher economic growth.  Migration of people into a province, the number of higher education teachers, railroad density & local government revenue as a percent of total government spending are all negatively related to subsequent growth rates.
EuQoS approach for resource allocation in Ethernet networks

Although the equipment currently available for Ethernet LANs provides basic quality of service (QoS) capabilities, as the ability of prioritizing traffic flows, it does not support more complex mechanisms like admission control or the ability of participating in a signalling process. This paper presents a survey on the QoS support and on resource allocation for LAN Ethernet networks, and describes a new proposal in the scope of the EuQoS project. The proposed solution is validated as proof of concept both by simulation and real testbeds. EuQoS is an FP6 IST Integrated Project with the aim of proposing, developing and studying end-to-end QoS support for Internet applications such as voice, video-conferencing, video-streaming and tele-engineering. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nem.67
Measurement of Excited States of Sb Impurity in Si by Traveling-Wave Method

The ground and excited states of Sb atom in Si, 1s (A 1), 1s (T 2), 1s (E), and 2p0, were measured by using a traveling-wave method. The Sb-doped Si crystal with donor concentration of 2 × 1015 cm−3 was placed the distance of 5 μm above a piezoelectric crystal in the fringe field of a surface acoustic wave. The free electrons excited from the bound states of the Sb atom are drifted by the traveling-wave, and thus lose their energy as the Joule heat through lattice and ion scattering processes. A strong temperature-dependent energy loss of the traveling-wave can be observed at temperatures below 200 K. The values of the bound states of the Sb atom can be characterized by using the Arrhenius plot for thermal activation process of the electrons in the bound states. The measurements were carried out at two frequencies of the traveling-wave, 50 MHz and 200 MHz. At the frequency of 50 MHz, the dielectric properties of the Si crystal are governed by dopant polarization but by electronic polarization at 200 MHz. We found that measurement accuracy of the bound states depends mainly on the electron mobility and the dielectric constant of the Si crystal, which are sensitive to the frequency and strength of the traveling-wave as well as electronic polarization properties of the Si crystal
Semantic model-driven architecting of service-based software systems

Model-driven development is a software development framework that emphasises model-based abstraction and automated code generation. Service-based software architectures benefit in particular from semantic, ontology-based modelling. We present ontology-based transformation and reasoning techniques for layered semantic service architecture modelling. Integrated ontological layers support abstract domain modelling, architectural design, and interoperability aspects. Ontologies are beneficial due to their potential to formally define models, to allow reasoning about semantic models, and to automate transformations at all layers. Ontologies are suitable in particular for the Web Services platform due to their ubiquity within the Semantic Web and their application to support semantic Web services
Interaction between essential trace and toxic elements in the scalp hair samples of smokers and alcohol user diabetics

In the present study, trace and toxic elements were determined in the Scalp Hair (SH) samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who were smokers and habitual alcohol drinkers living in Dublin, Ireland. The concentrations of elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology was checked using Certified Reference Material (CRM) (NCS ZC 81002b) and by the conventional wet acid digestion method on the same CRM. The results of this study showed that the mean values of cadmium, copper, iron, nickel and lead were significantly higher (P<0.001), in scalp hair samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents of both gender. While the smokers and alcohol drinker referents and DM patients have two to three time higher values of these elements than those subjects who were not smokers and teetotallers. The concentrations of zinc, chromium and manganese were lower in the scalp hair samples of diabetic patients as compared to referents. The deficiency of zinc, chromium and manganese, while the high exposure of cadmium, lead and nickel, as a result of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, may be synergistic with risk factors associated with diabetes
Logarithmical hopping encoding: a low computational complexity algorithm for image compression

LHE (logarithmical hopping encoding) is a computationally efficient image compression algorithm that exploits the Weber–Fechner law to encode the error between colour component predictions and the actual value of such components. More concretely, for each pixel, luminance and chrominance predictions are calculated as a function of the surrounding pixels and then the error between the predictions and the actual values are logarithmically quantised. The main advantage of LHE is that although it is capable of achieving a low-bit rate encoding with high quality results in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image quality metrics with full-reference (FSIM) and non-reference (blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator), its time complexity is O( n) and its memory complexity is O(1). Furthermore, an enhanced version of the algorithm is proposed, where the output codes provided by the logarithmical quantiser are used in a pre-processing stage to estimate the perceptual relevance of the image blocks. This allows the algorithm to downsample the blocks with low perceptual relevance, thus improving the compression rate. The performance of LHE is especially remarkable when the bit per pixel rate is low, showing much better quality, in terms of PSNR and FSIM, than JPEG and slightly lower quality than JPEG-2000 but being more computationally efficient
A candidate gene for fire blight resistance in Malus × robusta 5 is coding for a CC-NBS-LRR

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch)Fire blight is the most important bacterial disease in apple (Malus ×  domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) production. Today, the causal bacterium Erwinia amylovora is present in many apple- and pear-growing areas. We investigated the natural resistance of the wild apple Malus ×  robusta 5 against E. amylovora, previously mapped to linkage group 3. With a fine-mapping approach on a population of 2,133 individuals followed by phenotyping of the recombinants from the region of interest, we developed flanking markers useful for marker-assisted selection. Open reading frames were predicted on the sequence of a BAC spanning the resistance locus. One open reading frame coded for a protein belonging to the NBS–LRR family. The in silico investigation of the structure of the candidate resistance gene against fire blight of M. ×  robusta 5, FB_MR5, led us hypothesize the presence of a coiled-coil region followed by an NBS and an LRR-like structure with the consensus ‘LxxLx[IL]xxCxxLxxL’. The function of FB_MR5 was predicted in agreement with the decoy/guard model, that FB_MR5 monitors the transcribed RIN4_MR5, a homolog of RIN4 of Arabidopsis thaliana that could interact with the previously described effector AvrRpt2EA of E. amylovora
Applications of RNA interference high-throughput screening technology in cancer biology and virology

RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient intra-cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression and cell function. Large-scale gene silencing using RNAi high-throughput screening (HTS) has opened an exciting frontier to systematically study gene function in mammalian cells. This approach enables researchers to identify gene function in a given biological context and will provide considerable novel insight. Here, we review RNAi HTS strategies and applications using case studies in cancer biology and virology
In Defense of Methodological Mechanism: The Case of Apoptosis

This paper advances the thesis of methodological mechanism, the claim that to be committed to mechanism is to adopt a certain methodological postulate, i.e. to look for causal pathways for the phenomena of interest. We argue that methodological mechanism incorporates a minimal account of understanding mechanisms, according to which a mechanism just is a causal pathway described in the language of theory. In order to argue for this position we discuss a central example of a biological mechanism, the mechanism of cell death, known as apoptosis. We argue that this example shows that our philosophically de?lationary account is sufficient in order to have an illuminating account of mechanisms as the concept is used in biology
Current Sheet Regulation of Solar Near-Relativistic Electron Injection Histories

We present a sample of three large near-relativistic (>50 keV) electron events observed in 2001 by both the ACE and the Ulysses spacecraft, when Ulysses was at high-northern latitudes (>60°) and close to 2 AU. Despite the large latitudinal distance between the two spacecraft, electrons injected near the Sun reached both heliospheric locations. All three events were associated with large solar flares, strong decametric type II radio bursts and accompanied by wide (>212°) and fast (>1400 km s-1) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We use advanced interplanetary transport simulations and make use of the directional intensities observed in situ by the spacecraft to infer the electron injection profile close to the Sun and the interplanetary transport conditions at both low and high latitudes. For the three selected events, we find similar interplanetary transport conditions at different heliolatitudes for a given event, with values of the mean free path ranging from 0.04 AU to 0.27 AU. We find differences in the injection profiles inferred for each spacecraft. We investigate the role that sector boundaries of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) have on determining the characteristics of the electron injection profiles. Extended injection profiles, associated with coronal shocks, are found if the magnetic footpoints of the spacecraft lay in the same magnetic sector as the associated flare, while intermittent sparse injection episodes appear when the spacecraft footpoints are in the opposite sector or a wrap in the HCS bounded the CME structure
The relativity of inertia and reality of nothing

We first see that the inertia of Newtonian mechanics is absolute and troublesome. General relativity can be viewed as Einstein’s attempt to remedy, by making inertia relative to matter — perhaps imperfectly though, as at least a couple of freedom degrees separate inertia from matter in his theory. We consider ways the relationist (for whom it is of course unwelcome) can try to overcome such undetermination, dismissing it as physically meaningless, especially by insisting on the right transformation properties
Edge Detection by Adaptive Splitting II. The Three-Dimensional Case

In Llanas and Lantarón, J. Sci. Comput. 46, 485–518 (2011) we proposed an algorithm (EDAS-d) to approximate the jump discontinuity set of functions defined on subsets of ℝ d . This procedure is based on adaptive splitting of the domain of the function guided by the value of an average integral. The above study was limited to the 1D and 2D versions of the algorithm. In this paper we address the three-dimensional problem. We prove an integral inequality (in the case d=3) which constitutes the basis of EDAS-3. We have performed detailed computational experiments demonstrating effective edge detection in 3D function models with different interface topologies. EDAS-1 and EDAS-2 appealing properties are extensible to the 3D cas
Simulation of effects of metal phase in a diamond grain and bonding type on temperature in diamond grinding

Manufacturing diamond wheels on various bonds is a relatively high-cost process, requiring high labour and high consumption of expensive diamond grains but yielding relatively low productivity. With better knowledge of the various factors involved in the sintering process, the most efficient combinations can be found, leading to higher productivity. Currently, there are no scientifically based recommendations for the choice of the rational combinations of strength, brand of grain, graininess and concentration with the physical–mechanical properties of bonds. The aim of this research is the development of a technique for the theoretical definition of an optimal combination of strength properties of diamond grains and bond to provide maximum retention of diamond grain integrity during the process of diamond wheel manufacture. This is investigated using 3D simulations of the deflected mode of the sintering area of the wheel's diamond bearing layer
Determination of the glass-forming concentration range in binary alloys from a semiempirical theory: Application to Zr-based alloys

Producción CientíficaA semiempirical theory is presented to calculate free-energy diagrams of glass-forming alloys.
The theory is based on the enthalpy of formation of the solid solution expressed as a sum of two
contributions: (a) a chemical contribution due to electronic redistribution in forming the alloy,
and (b) an elastic contribution arising from the difference in size between solute and solvent atoms.
The enthalpy of formation of the amorphous phase has only the chemical contribution. The
theory is used to successfully describe the glass-forming concentration range of some Zr-based alloys,
which have been experimentally analyzed by several distinct techniques
Portuguese carrageenophytes - Carrageenan composition and geographic distribution of eight species (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)

Eight carrageenophytes from the Centre and North coast of Portugal, representing seven genera and three
families of Gigartinales, were studied in 15 different coastal stations in a geographic study, from Baleal
(Peniche), in the central zone, to Moledo, in the northern zone.
In order to characterize the different carrageenan types, 1HNMRspectroscopy was used to identify and
quantify the different carrageenan fractions in the extracted phycocolloids (both water and alkali extractions).
Thereby, detailed information concerning the properties and structure of these polysaccharides
at molecular level was revealed.
Based on the results of the analysis of the carrageenan types, the following conclusions were made:
female gametophytes and non-fertile thalli of Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Chondracanthus
teedei var. lusitanicus, Gigartina pistillata, Chondracanthus acicularis and Gymnogongrus crenulatus, presented
a varying degrees of kappa–iota hybrid carrageenan (co-polymers of kappa–iota carrageenan).
The kappa/iota ratio ranged from 0 to 2.2. The carrageenans extracted from Ahnfeltiopsis devoniensis
were mainly iota-carrageenan, but some geographic variations in the composition of carrageenans were
found. Calliblepharis jubata contained carrageenans of iota-type in all reproductive stages. Lambda-family
carrageenans were found in tetrasporophytes of C. cripus (lambda), M. stellatus (lambda), C. teedei var.
lusitanicus (hybrid xi–theta), C. acicularis (hybrid xi–theta) and G. pistillata (hybrid xi–lambda)
Self-similarity of complex networks and hidden metric spaces

We demonstrate that the self-similarity of some scale-free networks with
respect to a simple degree-thresholding renormalization scheme finds a natural
interpretation in the assumption that network nodes exist in hidden metric
spaces. Clustering, i.e., cycles of length three, plays a crucial role in this
framework as a topological reflection of the triangle inequality in the hidden
geometry. We prove that a class of hidden variable models with underlying
metric spaces are able to accurately reproduce the self-similarity properties
that we measured in the real networks. Our findings indicate that hidden
geometries underlying these real networks are a plausible explanation for their
observed topologies and, in particular, for their self-similarity with respect
to the degree-based renormalization
Genome-Wide Association Study of Major Depressive Disorder: New Results, Meta-Analysis, and Lessons Learned

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complex disorder with a partly genetic etiology. We conducted a genome-wide association study of the MDD2000+ sample (2431 cases, 3673 screened controls and >1 M imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance either in the MDD2000+ study, or in meta-analysis with two other studies totaling 5763 cases and 6901 controls. These results imply that common variants of intermediate or large effect do not have main effects in the genetic architecture of MDD. Suggestive but notable results were (a) gene-based tests suggesting roles for adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3, 2p23.3) and galanin (GAL, 11q13.3); published functional evidence relates both of these to MDD and serotonergic signaling; (b) support for the bipolar disorder risk variant SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C (P=0.020, odds ratio=1.10); and (c) lack of support for rs2251219, a SNP identified in a meta-analysis of affective disorder studies (P=0.51). We estimate that sample sizes 1.8- to 2.4-fold greater are needed for association studies of MDD compared with those for schizophrenia to detect variants that explain the same proportion of total variance in liability. Larger study cohorts characterized for genetic and environmental risk factors accumulated prospectively are likely to be needed to dissect more fully the etiology of MDD
Tool Wear Effect on Cutting Forces: In Routing process of Aleppo Pine Wood

This paper uses the cutting forces in a routing process of Aleppo pine wood to estimate
the tool wear effect. The aim is to obtain further information about the tool wear effect by monitoring the variation in the cutting forces. A Kistler 9257A 3 axes Dynamometer was positioned under the workpiece to measure the cutting forces at frequencies up to 10,000 Hz. The experiments were carried out on a CNC routing machine RECORD1 of SCM. A carbide tool was used and the cutting parameters were fixed. The cutting speed was approximately 25 m/s. Dasylab software was used to capture the data. The results show a correlation between the tool wear and the computed angle ( ), between the tangential and cutting forces. In fact, the variation of ( ) is unstable in the running period and stable in the linear wear zone, included in the interval [−1.11°; −1.10°]. This study was performed as part of a development program for the Algerian wood industry, hence the selection Aleppo pine wood as the working material.FCBA Institut Technologique, FSE (Fond Social Européen),
CRB (Conseil Régional de Bourgogne) and University
of Boumerdes (Algeria