pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The parity-preserving massive QED 3 : Vanishing β -function and no parity anomaly

The parity-preserving massive QED 3 exhibits vanishing gauge coupling β -function and is parity and infrared anomaly free at all orders in perturbation theory. Parity is not an anomalous symmetry, even for the parity-preserving massive QED 3 , in spite of some claims about the possibility of a perturbative parity breakdown, called parity anomaly. The proof is done by using the algebraic renormalization method, which is independent of any regularization scheme, based on general theorems of perturbative quantum field theory
Exact and efficient calculation of lagrange multipliers in biological polymers with constrained bond lengths and bond angles: Proteins and nucleic acids as example cases

This is a preprint version of a published work at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcc.21885/abstractTo accelerate molecular dynamics simulations, it is common to impose holonomic constraints on the hardest degrees of freedom. In this way, the time step used to integrate the equations of motion can be increased, thereby allowing longer total simulation times. The imposition of such constraints results in an aditional set of N equations (the equations of constraint) and unknowns (their associated Lagrange multipliers), whose solution is closely related to any algorithm implementing the constraints in Euclidean coordinates. In this work, it is shown that, due to the essentially linear structure of typical biological polymers the algebraic equations that need to be solved involve a matrix which is not only sparse, but also banded if the constraints are indexed in a skilful way. This allows the Lagrange multipliers to be obtained through a noniterative procedure, which can be considered exact up to machine precision, and which takes O(N) operations, instead of the usual O(N3) for generic molecular systems. We develop the formalism, and describe the appropriate indexing for a number of model molecules. Finally, we provide a numerical example of the technique in a series of polyalanine peptides of different lengths. Although a use of the Lagrange multipliers without any modification in the solution of the underlying ordinary differential equations yields unstable integration algorithms, the central role of these quantities makes their efficient calculation useful for the improvement of methods that correctly enforce the exact satisfaction of the constraints at each time step. We provide several examples of this.This work has been supported by the grants FIS2009-13364-C02-01 (MICINN, Spain), Grupo de Excelencia “Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos”, E24/3 (Aragón region Government, Spain), ARAID and Ibercaja grant for young researchers (Spain). P. G.-R. is supported by a JAE Predoc scholarship (CSIC, Spain)
Radio to gamma–ray variability study of blazar S5 0716+714

We present the results of a series of radio, optical, X-ray, and γ-ray observations of the BL Lac object S50716+714 carried out between April 2007 and January 2011. The multifrequency observations were obtained using several ground- and space-based facilities. The intense optical monitoring of the source reveals faster repetitive variations superimposed on a long-term variability trend on a time scale of ∼350 days. Episodes of fast variability recur on time scales of ∼60−70 days. The intense and simultaneous activity at optical and γ-ray frequencies favors the synchrotron self-Compton mechanism for the production of the high-energy emission. Two major low-peaking radio flares were observed during this high optical/γ-ray activity period. The radio flares are characterized by a rising and a decaying stage and agrees with the formation of a shock and its evolution. We found that the evolution of the radio flares requires a geometrical variation in addition to intrinsic variations of the source. Different estimates yield robust and self-consistent lower limits of δ ≥ 20 and equipartition magnetic field Beq ≥ 0.36 G. Causality arguments constrain the size of emission region θ ≤ 0.004 mas. We found a significant correlation between flux variations at radio frequencies with those at optical and γ-rays. The optical/GeV flux variations lead the radio variability by ∼65 days. The longer time delays between low-peaking radio outbursts and optical flares imply that optical flares are the precursors of radio ones. An orphan X-ray flare challenges the simple, one-zone emission models, rendering them too simple. Here we also describe the spectral energy distribution modeling of the source from simultaneous data taken through different activity periods.http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_toc&url=/articles/aa/abs/2013/04/contents/contents.htmlhttp://www.aanda.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20132110
HESSJ1818–154, a new composite supernova remnant discovered in TeV gamma rays and X-rays

Composite supernova remnants (SNRs) constitute a small subclass of the remnants of massive stellar explosions where non-thermal radiation
is observed from both the expanding shell-like shock front and from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) located inside of the SNR. These systems
represent a unique evolutionary phase of SNRs where observations in the radio, X-ray, and 
-ray regimes allow the study of the co-evolution of
both these energetic phenomena. In this article, we report results from observations of the shell-type SNR G15.4+0.1 performed with the High
Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) and XMM-Newton. A compact TeV 
-ray source, HESS J1818-154, located in the center and contained
within the shell of G15.4+0.1 is detected by H.E.S.S. and featurs a spectrum best represented by a power-law model with a spectral index of
-2:3 ± 0:3stat ± 0:2sys and an integral flux of F(>0:42 TeV) = (0:9 ± 0:3stat ± 0:2sys) x 10-12 cm-2 s-1. Furthermore, a recent observation with
XMM-Newton reveals extended X-ray emission strongly peaked in the center of G15.4+0.1. The X-ray source shows indications of an energydependent
morphology featuring a compact core at energies above 4 keV and more extended emission that fills the entire region within the SNR
at lower energies. Together, the X-ray and VHE 
-ray emission provide strong evidence of a PWN located inside the shell of G15.4+0.1 and this
SNR can therefore be classified as a composite based on these observations. The radio, X-ray, and 
-ray emission from the PWN is compatible
with a one-zone leptonic model that requires a low average magnetic field inside the emission region. An unambiguous counterpart to the putative
pulsar, which is thought to power the PWN, has been detected neither in radio nor in X-ray observations of G15.4+0.1The support of the Namibian authorities and of the
University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S.
is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for
Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research
Foundation (DFG), the French Ministry for Research, the CNRS-IN2P3 and the
Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the CNRS, the UK Science and
Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the IPNP of the Charles University, the
Czech Science Foundation, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education,
the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research
Foundation, and the University of Namibia.http://www.aanda.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/20132291
Electron affinities of organic materials used for organic light-emitting diodes: A low-energy inverse photoemission study

The electron affinity (EA) of an organic semiconductor is a measure of the electron transport level. Although reliable values of the EA are required for designing the device architecture of organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), there were no appropriate methods. Recently we have developed low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy which enables us to determine the EA of organic materials in solid with the precision required for research of OLED. Using this new technique, we precisely determined EA of typical OLED materials, TCTA, CBP, Ir(ppy)[3], BCP, Alq[3] and Liq as well as a newly developed dopant 4CzIPN. The obtained electron affinities are generally smaller by about 1 eV than the commonly believed values urging the reconsideration of the electron injection/transport mechanisms in OLED. We also compare EAs determined by various experimental and calculation methods for 29 materials. The results show that the reduction potential gives a reasonable estimate rather than the optical gap and ionization energy
Narrowing of the neutron sd-pf shell gap in Na-29

The wave-function composition for the low-lying states in Na-29 was explored by measuring their electromagnetic properties using the Coulomb-excitation technique. A beam of Na-29 ions, postaccelerated to 70 MeV, bombarded a Pd-110 target with a rate of up to 600 particles per second at the recently commissioned ISAC-II facility at TRIUMF. Six segmented HPGe clover detectors of the TIGRESS gamma-ray spectrometer were used to detect deexcitation gamma rays in coincidence with scattered or recoiling charged particles in the segmented silicon detector, BAMBINO. The reduced transition matrix element vertical bar < 5/2(1)(+)vertical bar vertical bar E2 vertical bar vertical bar 3/2(gs)(+)>vertical bar in Na-29 was derived to be 0.237(21) e b from the measured gamma-ray yields for both projectile and target. This first-time measured value is consistent with the most recent Monte Carlo shell-model calculation, indicating a significant admixture of both sd and pf components in the wave function, and also providing evidence for the narrowing of the neutron sd-pf shell gap from similar to 6 MeV for stable nuclei to similar to 3 MeV for Na-29. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Spatial demonstratives and perceptual space:describing and remembering object location

Spatial demonstratives - terms including this and that - are among the most common words across all languages. Yet, there are considerable differences between languages in how demonstratives carve up space and the object characteristics they can refer to, challenging the idea that the mapping between spatial demonstratives and the vision and action systems is universal. In seven experiments we show direct parallels between spatial demonstrative usage in English and (non-linguistic) memory for object location, indicating close connections between the language of space and non-linguistic spatial representation. Spatial demonstrative choice in English and immediate memory for object location are affected by a range of parameters - distance, ownership, visibility and familiarity - that are lexicalized in the demonstrative systems of some other languages. The results support a common set of constraints on language used to talk about space and on (non-linguistic) spatial representation itself. Differences in demonstrative systems across languages may emerge from basic distinctions in the representation and memory for object location. In turn, these distinctions offer a building block from which non-spatial uses of demonstratives can develop
A Generalized Probability Framework to Model Economic Agents' Decisions Under Uncertainty

Jel classification D81The file associated with this record is under embargo until 18 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above.The applications of techniques from statistical (and classical) mechanics to model interesting problems in economics and finance has produced valuable results. The principal movement which has steered this research direction is known under the name of `econophysics'. In this paper, we illustrate and advance some of the findings that have been obtained by applying the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics to model human decision making under `uncertainty' in behavioral economics and finance. Starting from Ellsberg's seminal article, decision making situations have been experimentally verified where the application of Kolmogorovian probability in the formulation of expected utility is problematic. Those probability measures which by necessity must situate themselves in Hilbert space (such as `quantum probability') enable a faithful representation of experimental data. We thus provide an explanation for the effectiveness of the mathematical framework of quantum mechanics in the modeling of human decision making. We want to be explicit though that we are not claiming that decision making has microscopic quantum mechanical features.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
150 years of macronutrient change in unfertilized UK ecosystems: observations vs simulations

Understanding changes in plant-soil C, N and P using data alone is difficult due to the linkages between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (C, N and P), and multiple changing long-term drivers (e.g. climate, land-use, and atmospheric N deposition). Hence, dynamic models are a vital tool for disentangling these drivers, helping us understand the dominant processes and drivers and predict future change. However, it is essential that models are tested against data if their outputs are to be concluded upon with confidence. Here, a simulation of C, N and P cycles using the N14CP model was compared with time-series observations of C, N and P in soils and biomass from the Rothamsted Research long-term experiments spanning 150 years, providing an unprecedented temporal integrated test of such a model. N14CP reproduced broad trends in soil organic matter (SOM) C, N and P, vegetation biomass and N and P leaching. Subsequently, the model was used to decouple the effects of land management and elevated nitrogen deposition in these experiments. Elevated N deposition over the last 150 years is shown to have increased net primary productivity (NPP) 4.5-fold and total carbon sequestration 5-fold at the Geescroft Wilderness experiment, which was re-wilded to woodland in 1886. In contrast, the model predicts that for cropped grassland conditions at the Park Grass site, elevated N deposition has very little effect on SOM, as increases in NPP are diverted from the soil. More broadly, these results suggest that N deposition is likely to have had a large effect on SOM and NPP in northern temperate and boreal semi-natural grasslands and forests. However, in cropped and grazed systems in the same region, whilst NPP may have been supported in part by elevated N deposition, declines in SOM may not have been appreciably counteracted by increased N availability
J/{\Psi} and {\Psi}(2S) Production in p-Pb Collisions at 5.02 TeV with
  ATLAS

The production rates of heavy quarkonia in ion-ion collisions provide
sensitive probes in the studies of the hot and dense matter formed in these
collisions at high energies. However, a reference for understanding the
behavior in the hot medium is necessary; p-A collisions open the possibility to
study heavy quarkonia states in a smaller system of much lower average
temperature. This is an important step in forming a baseline for understanding
A-A collisions, as well as an investigation into the nature of modifications of
the parton distributions in the nucleus. Using data collected at the LHC in
2013, we show results on the prompt J/{\Psi} and {\Psi}(2S) nuclear
modification factors and the double ratio, {\Psi}(2S) divided by J/{\Psi} in
p-Pb divided by the same in p-p, in p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV. The charmonia
states were reconstructed via the dimuon decay channel and the yield is
analyzed differentially in bins of transverse momentum, rapidity, and event
activity.Comment: Proceedings contribution for the HARD PROBES 2015 Conference at
  McGill University in Montreal, June 29 - July 3, 2015. Four pages. To be
  published in Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplemen
On Finite Monoids of Cellular Automata

For any group $G$ and set $A$, a cellular automaton over $G$ and $A$ is a
transformation $\tau : A^G \to A^G$ defined via a finite neighborhood $S
\subseteq G$ (called a memory set of $\tau$) and a local function $\mu : A^S
\to A$. In this paper, we assume that $G$ and $A$ are both finite and study
various algebraic properties of the finite monoid $\text{CA}(G,A)$ consisting
of all cellular automata over $G$ and $A$. Let $\text{ICA}(G;A)$ be the group
of invertible cellular automata over $G$ and $A$. In the first part, using
information on the conjugacy classes of subgroups of $G$, we give a detailed
description of the structure of $\text{ICA}(G;A)$ in terms of direct and wreath
products. In the second part, we study generating sets of $\text{CA}(G;A)$. In
particular, we prove that $\text{CA}(G,A)$ cannot be generated by cellular
automata with small memory set, and, when $G$ is finite abelian, we determine
the minimal size of a set $V \subseteq \text{CA}(G;A)$ such that
$\text{CA}(G;A) = \langle \text{ICA}(G;A) \cup V \rangle$.Comment: 12 page
Genome-wide reprogramming of the chromatin landscape underlies endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer

The estrogen receptor (ER)α drives growth in two-thirds of all breast cancers. Several targeted therapies, collectively termed endocrine therapy, impingeonestrogen-induced ERα activationtoblock tumor growth. However, half ofERα-positive breast cancers are tolerant or acquire resistance to endocrine therapy. We demonstrate that genome-wide reprogramming of the chromatin landscape, defined by epigenomic maps for regulatory elements or transcriptional activation and chromatin openness, underlies resistance to endocrine therapy. This annotation reveals endocrine therapy-response specific regulatory networks where NOTCH pathway is overactivated in resistant breast cancer cells, whereas classical ERα signaling is epige-netically disengaged. Blocking NOTCH signaling abrogates growth of resistant breast cancer cells. Its activation state in primary breast tumors is a prognostic factor of resistance in endocrine treated patients. Overall, our work demonstrates that chromatin landscape reprogramming underlies changes in regulatory networks driving endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Activation of HER3 Interferes with Antitumor Effects of Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Suggestion of Combination Therapy.

The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) has been established as a strong candidate for targeted therapy of cancer. However, the benefits of targeted therapies are limited due to acquired resistance and activation of alternative RTKs. Therefore, we asked if cancer cells are able to overcome targeted Axl therapies. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of Axl by short interfering RNA or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BMS777607 induces the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) and the neuregulin 1(NRG1)-dependent phosphorylation of  HER3 in MDA-MB231 and Ovcar8 cells. Moreover, analysis of 20 Axl-expressing cancer cell lines of different tissue origin indicates a low basal phosphorylation of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) as a general requirement for HER3 activation on Axl inhibition. Consequently, phosphorylation  of AKT arises as an independent biomarker for Axl treatment. Additionally, we introduce phosphorylation of HER3 as an independent pharmacodynamic biomarker for monitoring of anti-Axl therapy response. Inhibition of cell viability by BMS777607 could be rescued by NRG1-dependent activation of HER3, suggesting an escape mechanism by tumor microenvironment. The Axl-TKI MPCD84111 simultaneously  blocked Axl and HER2/3 signaling and thereby prohibited HER3 feedback activation. Furthermore, dual inhibition of Axl and HER2/3 using BMS777607 and lapatinib led  to a significant inhibition of cell viability in Axl-expressing MDA-MB231 and Ovcar8 cells. Therefore, we conclude that, in patient cohorts with expression of  Axl and low basal activity of AKT, a combined inhibition of Axl and HER2/3 kinase would be beneficial to overcome acquired resistance to Axl-targeted therapies
The C. elegans HP1 homologue HPL-2 and the LIN-13 zinc finger protein form a complex implicated in vulval development.

International audienceHP1 proteins are essential components of heterochromatin and contribute to the transcriptional repression of euchromatic genes via the recruitment to specific promoters by corepressor proteins including TIF1 and Rb. The Caenorhabditis elegans HP1 homologue HPL-2 acts in the "synMuv" (synthetic multivulval) pathway, which defines redundant negative regulators of a Ras signaling cascade required for vulval induction. Several synMuv genes encode for chromatin-associated proteins involved in transcriptional regulation, including Rb and components of the Mi-2/NuRD and TIP60/NuA4 chromatin remodeling complexes. Here, we show that HPL-2 physically interacts in vitro and in vivo with the multiple zinc finger protein LIN-13, another member of the synMuv pathway. A variant of the conserved PXVXL motif found in many HP1-interacting proteins mediates LIN-13 binding to the CSD of HPL-2. We further show by in vivo localization studies that LIN-13 is required for HPL-2 recruitment in nuclear foci. Our data suggest that the LIN-13/HPL-2 complex may physically link a subset of the Rb related synMuv proteins to chromatin
Some aspects of cellulose ethers influence on water transport and porous structure of cement-based materials

International audienceThis paper evaluates and compares the impact of cellulose ethers (CE) on water transport and porous structure of cement-based materials in both fresh and hardened state. Investigations of the porous network (mercury intrusion porosimetry, apparent density, 2D and 3D observations) emphasize an air-entrained stabilisation depending on CE chemistry. We also highlight that CE chemistry leads to a gradual effect on characteristics of the water transport. The global tendencies brought by CE are: higher water retention, lower capillarity water absorption, lower liquid water permeability as well as higher water vapour permeability. All things considered, we demonstrate that CE chemistry is an important controlling factor on water transport and porous structure evolution
Control of the chemical structure of perhydrous coals. FTIR and Py-GC/MS investigations.

This work analyses a set of perhydrous coals (mainly composed of huminite/vitrinite maceral group) in order to determine the inter-relations between the hydrogen content and the modifications in the coal structure at a molecular level. The study involves the direct solid state characterisation of the coal combined with the analysis of representative fragments of the coal network obtained through flash-pyrolysis. The perhydrous character of the coals is not reflected either in the aliphatic hydrogen concentration (from FTIR data) or by the presence of straight-chain aliphatic moieties in the pyrolysates. This structural study shows that perhydrous coals contain mainly aromatic structures with 1–2 rings and a very small concentration of aromatic rings of large size. In agreement with this, phenol and alkyl phenols are the most prominent degradation products whereas other aromatic compounds (mainly benzene and naphthalene derivatives) are minor and probably evaporative compounds. The major structural elements in the samples studied are simple phenols with a preponderance of substituted para alkyl. The results obtained show that the processes of hydrogen enrichment affect the reactions of aromatisation and condensation. During the natural evolution of the perhydrous coals the transformations of the oxygenated functionalities in the lignin precursor seem to have taken place without the parallel structural reorganisation of the lignin framework responsible for the formation of polycyclic aromatic systems. As a result, the chemical structure of perhydrous vitrinites in coals is substantially modified with respect to that described in ‘normal' coals. The results obtained also indicate that the source of hydrogen content and the effect that it has during the subsequent evolution process of the coals, affects the chemical structure of the perhydrous vitrinite and hence its properties and behaviour