pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Understanding the burden of idiopathic generalized epilepsy in the United States, Europe, and Brazil: An analysis from the National Health and Wellness Survey

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the current burden of primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures (PGTCS) associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) as a function of seizure frequency. We analyzed data for (IGE) as a proxy measure of PGTCS. Little is known about the quality of life (QoL), health utility, productivity, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and cost burden of PGTCS or IGE. Patients were identified from the US (2011, 2012, & 2013), 5EU (2011 & 2013), and Brazil (2011 & 2012) National Health and Wellness Survey, a nationally representative, internet-based survey of adults (18+ years). Patients that self-reported a diagnosis of IGE were categorized into seizure frequencies of: ≥1 seizure per week, 1–3 seizures per month, 1–4 seizures per year, or <1 seizure per year. QoL was measured using the SF-36v2 Mental (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores, health utilities with the SF-6D, productivity with the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, and HRU as reported in the past six months. Unit costs were estimated from the literature and multiplied against HRU values to calculate direct costs and WPAI values to calculate indirect costs. Generalized linear regression was utilized to examine the relationship between seizure frequency and each measure of burden with adjustment for covariates. Out of the general population surveyed, IGE was self-reported in 782 of 176,093 (US), 172 of 30,000 (UK), 106 of 30,001 (Germany), 87 of 30,000 (France), 31 of 12,011 (Spain), 22 of 17,500 (Italy), and 34 of 24,000 (Brazil). Persistent seizures (≥1 per year) were reported in over 40% of patients with IGE (10–15% with ≥1 seizure per week, 10–15% with 1–3 seizures per month, 20–25% with 1–4 seizures per year). Over 75% were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Compared with those having <1 seizure per year (reference group), patients in the two most frequent seizure categories reported worse MCS and PCS scores. Patients in the three highest seizure frequency groups consistently reported worse health utility scores, and greater presenteeism (attending work while not physically or mentally capable of working), overall work impairment, activity impairment, HRU, indirect costs, and direct costs than the reference group. Despite the availability of AEDs during the year surveyed, a substantial number of patients experienced persistent seizures. Increasing seizure frequency was clearly associated with worse outcomes. The burden of PGTCS and IGE may be proportionally reduced by newer AEDs which may increase the proportion of seizure-free patients or shift more patients into lower seizure frequency categories
Towards an ‘average’ version of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture

AbstractTextThe Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture states that the rank of the Mordell–Weil group of an elliptic curve E equals the order of vanishing at the central point of the associated L-function L(s,E). Previous investigations have focused on bounding how far we must go above the central point to be assured of finding a zero, bounding the rank of a fixed curve or on bounding the average rank in a family. Mestre (1986) [Mes] showed the first zero occurs by O(1/loglogNE), where NE is the conductor of E, though we expect the correct scale to study the zeros near the central point is the significantly smaller 1/logNE. We significantly improve on Mestre's result by averaging over a one-parameter family of elliptic curves E over Q(T). We assume GRH, Tate's conjecture if E is not a rational surface, and either the ABC or the Square-Free Sieve Conjecture if the discriminant has an irreducible polynomial factor of degree at least 4. We find non-trivial upper and lower bounds for the average number of normalized zeros in intervals on the order of 1/logNE (which is the expected scale). Our results may be interpreted as providing further evidence in support of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, as well as the Katz–Sarnak density conjecture from random matrix theory (as the number of zeros predicted by random matrix theory lies between our upper and lower bounds). These methods may be applied to additional families of L-functions.VideoFor a video summary of this paper, please click here or visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EVYPNi_LG0
The origin of large-pT π0 suppression at RHIC

AbstractWe present results for inclusive π0 production in proton–proton and in Au–Au at RHIC energy s=200 GeV. We use next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation and we include nuclear effects such as parton energy loss and nuclear shadowing. We consider the ratio of π0 distribution in Au–Au and p–p collisions for pT>3 GeV for three cases of parton energy loss: (1) constant parton energy loss per parton scattering, ϵan=const, (2) Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal energy-dependent energy loss, ϵan∼Ean and (3) Bethe–Heitler energy-dependent energy loss, ϵan∼Ean. We show that recently observed suppression of π0 production in Au–Au collisions at RHIC, which is found to increase with pT increasing from 3 GeV to 8 GeV, can be reproduced by ϵan=0.06Ean. We show that the ratio of prompt photons to neutral pions produced in Au–Au collisions at RHIC has a strong pT dependence approaching one at pT∼ 10 GeV
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson using up to 4.9 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

AbstractA combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities from 1.04 fb−1 to 4.9 fb−1 of pp collisions collected at s=7 TeV is presented. The Higgs boson mass ranges 112.9–115.5 GeV, 131–238 GeV and 251–466 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL), while the range 124–519 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed around mH∼126 GeV with a local significance of 3.5 standard deviations (σ). The local significances of H→γγ, H→ZZ(⁎)→ℓ+ℓ−ℓ′+ℓ′− and H→WW(⁎)→ℓ+νℓ′−ν¯, the three most sensitive channels in this mass range, are 2.8σ, 2.1σ and 1.4σ, respectively. The global probability for the background to produce such a fluctuation anywhere in the explored Higgs boson mass range 110–600 GeV is estimated to be ∼1.4% or, equivalently, 2.2σ
Finite approximations to coherent choice

AbstractThis paper studies and bounds the effects of approximating loss functions and credal sets on choice functions, under very weak assumptions. In particular, the credal set is assumed to be neither convex nor closed. The main result is that the effects of approximation can be bounded, although in general, approximation of the credal set may not always be practically possible. In case of pairwise choice, I demonstrate how the situation can be improved by showing that only approximations of the extreme points of the closure of the convex hull of the credal set need to be taken into account, as expected
Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system

Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have emerged as a key signalling pathway in the cardiovascular system. The peptide is a potent inotropic agent and vasodilator. Remarkably, a peptide, Elabela/Toddler, that has little sequence similarity to apelin, has been proposed as a second endogenous apelin receptor ligand and is encoded by a gene from a region of the genome previously classified as ‘non-coding’. Apelin is downregulated in pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. To replace the missing endogenous peptide, ‘biased’ apelin agonists have been designed that preferentially activate G protein pathways, resulting in reduced β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalisation, with the additional benefit of attenuating detrimental β-arrestin signalling. Proof-of-concept studies support the clinical potential for apelin receptor biased agonists
Climatic changes and social transformations in the Near East and North Africa during the ‘long’ 4th millennium BC: A comparative study of environmental and archaeological evidence

AbstractThis paper explores the possible links between rapid climate change (RCC) and social change in the Near East and surrounding regions (Anatolia, central Syria, southern Israel, Mesopotamia, Cyprus and eastern and central Sahara) during the ‘long’ 4th millennium (∼4500–3000) BC. Twenty terrestrial and 20 marine climate proxies are used to identify long-term trends in humidity involving transitions from humid to arid conditions and vice versa. The frequency distribution of episodes of relative aridity across these records is calculated for the period 6300–2000 BC, so that the results may be interpreted in the context of the established arid episodes associated with RCC around 6200 and 2200 BC (the 8.2 and 4.2 kyr events). We identify two distinct episodes of heightened aridity in the early-mid 4th, and late 4th millennium BC. These episodes cluster strongly at 3600–3700 and 3100–3300 BC. There is also evidence of localised aridity spikes in the 5th and 6th millennia BC. These results are used as context for the interpretation of regional and local archaeological records with a particular focus on case studies from western Syria, the middle Euphrates, southern Israel and Cyprus. Interpretation of the records involves the construction of plausible narratives of human–climate interaction informed by concepts of adaptation and resilience from the literature on contemporary (i.e. 21st century) climate change and adaptation. The results are presented alongside well-documented examples of climatically-influenced societal change in the central and eastern Sahara, where detailed geomorphological studies of ancient environments have been undertaken in tandem with archaeological research. While the narratives for the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean remain somewhat speculative, the use of resilience and adaptation frameworks allows for a more nuanced treatment of human–climate interactions and recognises the diversity and context-specificity of human responses to climatic and environmental change. Our results demonstrate that there is a need for more local environmental data to be collected ‘at source’ during archaeological excavations
Clifford theory for Mackey algebras

AbstractWe develop a Clifford theory for Mackey algebras. For simple Mackey functors, using their classification we prove Mackey algebra versions of Clifford's theorem and the Clifford correspondence. Let μR(G) be the Mackey algebra of a finite group G over a commutative unital ring R, and let 1N be the unity of μR(N) where N is a normal subgroup of G. Observing that 1NμR(G)1N is a crossed product of G/N over μR(N), a number of results concerning group graded algebras are extended to the context of Mackey algebras, including Fong's theorem, Green's indecomposibility theorem and some reduction and extension techniques for indecomposable Mackey functors
Determination of the b-quark mass mb from the angular screening effects in the ATLAS b-jet shape data

AbstractThe dependence of jet shapes in tt¯ events on the b-quark mass and the strong coupling is investigated. To this end, the Pythia Monte Carlo generator is used to produce samples of tt¯ events in pp collisions at s=7TeV, performing a scan over the values for the shower QCD scale Λs and the b-quark mass mb. The obtained jet shapes are compared with recently published data from the ATLAS Collaboration. From fits to the light-jet data, the Monte Carlo shower scale is determined, while the b-quark mass is extracted using the b-jet shapes. The result for the mass of the b-quark is mb=4.86−0.42+0.49GeV
On duality of the noncommutative extension of the Maxwell–Chern–Simons model

AbstractWe study issues of duality in 3D field theory models over a canonical noncommutative spacetime and obtain the noncommutative extension of the self-dual model induced by the Seiberg–Witten map. We apply the dual projection technique to uncover some properties of the noncommutative Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory up to first-order in the noncommutative parameter. A duality between this theory and a model similar to the ordinary self-dual model is established. The correspondence of the basic fields is obtained and the equivalence of algebras and equations of motion are directly verified. We also comment on previous results in this subject
“Induced” N=4 conformal supergravity

AbstractWe consider an Abelian N=4 super Yang–Mills theory coupled to background N=4 conformal supergravity fields. At the classical level, this coupling is invariant under global SU(1,1) transformation of the complex (“dilaton–axion”) supergravity scalar combined with an on-shell N=4 vector–vector duality. We compute the divergent part of the corresponding quantum effective action found by integrating over the super Yang–Mills fields and demonstrate its SU(1,1) invariance. This divergent part related to the conformal anomaly is one-loop exact and should be given by the N=4 conformal supergravity action containing the Weyl tensor squared term. This allows us to determine the full non-linear form of the bosonic part of the N=4 conformal supergravity action which has manifest SU(1,1) invariance
Endovascular aortic repair of a postdissecting thoracoabdominal aneurysm using intraoperative fusion imaging

Computer-aided imaging can aid complex endovascular repair of aortic dissections in locating the narrow true lumen and identifying perfusion of visceral vessels by the true and/or false lumen. Although these anatomic data are available for analysis during planning, they are not readily available during the procedure with conventional imaging systems. We report the use of “fusion imaging” to facilitate the treatment of a postdissection thoracoabdominal aneurysm. The preoperative computer tomographic angiograms were processed, and the true and the false lumens were individually color labeled. These data were then superimposed on the fluoroscopic images in order to facilitate deployment of a fenestrated endograft
Determination of the charm-quark mass in the MS¯ scheme using charm production data from deep-inelastic scattering at HERA

AbstractWe determine the charm-quark mass mc(mc) in the MS¯ scheme using measurements of charm production in deep-inelastic ep scattering at HERA in the kinematic range of photon virtuality 5 GeV2<Q2<1000 GeV2 and Bjorken scaling variable 10−5<x<10−1. The extraction of mc from this process with space-like kinematics provides complementary information to results from hadronic processes. The QCD analysis of the HERA data yields a value of mc(mc)=1.27±0.05(exp)−0.01+0.06(scale) GeV at next-to-leading order and of mc(mc)=1.36±0.04(exp)−0.00+0.04(scale)±0.1(theory) GeV at approximate next-to-next-to-leading order. The results are consistent with and of comparable precision as the world average
Diet affects the redox system in developing Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae

AbstractThe growth and development of marine fish larvae fed copepods is superior to those fed rotifers, but the underlying molecular reasons for this are unclear. In the following study we compared the effects of such diets on redox regulation pathways during development of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae. Cod larvae were fed a control diet of copepods or the typical rotifer/Artemia diet commonly used in commercial marine fish hatcheries, from first feeding until after metamorphosis. The oxidised and reduced glutathione levels, the redox potential, and the mRNA expression of 100 genes in redox system pathways were then compared between treatments during larval development. We found that rotifer/Artemia-fed cod larvae had lower levels of oxidised glutathione, a more reduced redox potential, and altered expression of approximately half of the redox system genes when compared to copepod-fed larvae. This rotifer/Artemia diet-induced differential regulation of the redox system was greatest during periods of suboptimal growth. Upregulation of the oxidative stress response transcription factor, nrf2, and NRF2 target genes in rotifer/Artemia fed larvae suggest this diet induced an NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response. Overall, the data demonstrate that nutritional intake plays a role in regulating the redox system in developing fish larvae. This may be a factor in dietary-induced differences observed in larval growth
Spectral curve for γ-deformed AdS/CFT

AbstractWe construct the spectral curve of γ-deformed AdS/CFT from the strong coupling scaling limit of the T-system. As we interpret the twisted T-functions in the classical limit as characters of the highest weight representations of the psu(2,2|4) symmetry group, we compute the twisted quasimomenta which characterize classical integrability and analyze their analytic and asymptotic properties. These twisted quasimomenta are compared to Beisert–Roiban Bethe ansatz equations and classical string solutions
Anisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV measured with ALICE at the LHC

AbstractWe report on the elliptic and triangular flow measurements for a number of hadrons including charged pions, and (anti-)protons, as well as those with strangeness content: kaons, ϕ-meson, Ks0, Λ/Λ¯, Ξ, and Ω. The results reported cover mid–rapidity, |η|<0.8, and a wide, 0.2<pT<16GeV/c, transverse momentum range for Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV recorded by ALICE at the LHC. The mass splitting and the scaling properties of the elliptic flow with the number of constituent quarks and the particle transverse mass are studied as a function of collision centrality. The results are compared to RHIC measurements and to hydrodynamicmodel predictions
A theoretical multiscale treatment of protein–protein electron transfer: The ferredoxin/ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and flavodoxin/ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase systems

AbstractIn the photosynthetic electron transfer (ET) chain, two electrons transfer from photosystem I to the flavin-dependent ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) via two sequential independent ferredoxin (Fd) electron carriers. In some algae and cyanobacteria (as Anabaena), under low iron conditions, flavodoxin (Fld) replaces Fd as single electron carrier. Extensive mutational studies have characterized the protein–protein interaction in FNR/Fd and FNR/Fld complexes. Interestingly, even though Fd and Fld share the interaction site on FNR, individual residues on FNR do not participate to the same extent in the interaction with each of the protein partners, pointing to different electron transfer mechanisms. Despite of extensive mutational studies, only FNR/Fd X-ray structures from Anabaena and maize have been solved; structural data for FNR/Fld remains elusive. Here, we present a multiscale modelling approach including coarse-grained and all-atom protein–protein docking, the QM/MM e-Pathway analysis and electronic coupling calculations, allowing for a molecular and electronic comprehensive analysis of the ET process in both complexes. Our results, consistent with experimental mutational data, reveal the ET in FNR/Fd proceeding through a bridge-mediated mechanism in a dominant protein–protein complex, where transfer of the electron is facilitated by Fd loop-residues 40–49. In FNR/Fld, however, we observe a direct transfer between redox cofactors and less complex specificity than in Fd; more than one orientation in the encounter complex can be efficient in ET
F-theory vacua with Z3 gauge symmetry

AbstractDiscrete gauge groups naturally arise in F-theory compactifications on genus-one fibered Calabi–Yau manifolds. Such geometries appear in families that are parameterized by the Tate–Shafarevich group of the genus-one fibration. While the F-theory compactification on any element of this family gives rise to the same physics, the corresponding M-theory compactifications on these geometries differ and are obtained by a fluxed circle reduction of the former. In this note, we focus on an element of order three in the Tate–Shafarevich group of the general cubic. We discuss how the different M-theory vacua and the associated discrete gauge groups can be obtained by Higgsing of a pair of five-dimensional U(1) symmetries. The Higgs fields arise from vanishing cycles in I2-fibers that appear at certain codimension two loci in the base. We explicitly identify all three curves that give rise to the corresponding Higgs fields. In this analysis the investigation of different resolved phases of the underlying geometry plays a crucial rôle
Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study

SummaryBackgroundClinical outcomes after major surgery are poorly described at the national level. Evidence of heterogeneity between hospitals and health-care systems suggests potential to improve care for patients but this potential remains unconfirmed. The European Surgical Outcomes Study was an international study designed to assess outcomes after non-cardiac surgery in Europe.MethodsWe did this 7 day cohort study between April 4 and April 11, 2011. We collected data describing consecutive patients aged 16 years and older undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery in 498 hospitals across 28 European nations. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 60 days. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcome measures were duration of hospital stay and admission to critical care. We used χ2 and Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables and the t test or the Mann-Whitney U test to compare continuous variables. Significance was set at p<0·05. We constructed multilevel logistic regression models to adjust for the differences in mortality rates between countries.FindingsWe included 46 539 patients, of whom 1855 (4%) died before hospital discharge. 3599 (8%) patients were admitted to critical care after surgery with a median length of stay of 1·2 days (IQR 0·9–3·6). 1358 (73%) patients who died were not admitted to critical care at any stage after surgery. Crude mortality rates varied widely between countries (from 1·2% [95% CI 0·0–3·0] for Iceland to 21·5% [16·9–26·2] for Latvia). After adjustment for confounding variables, important differences remained between countries when compared with the UK, the country with the largest dataset (OR range from 0·44 [95% CI 0·19–1·05; p=0·06] for Finland to 6·92 [2·37–20·27; p=0·0004] for Poland).InterpretationThe mortality rate for patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery was higher than anticipated. Variations in mortality between countries suggest the need for national and international strategies to improve care for this group of patients.FundingEuropean Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Society of Anaesthesiology
Dynamically stabilized pores in bilayer membranes

Zhelev and Needham have recently created large, quasistable pores in artificial lipid bilayer vesicles. Initially created by electroporation, the pores remain open for up to several seconds before quickly snapping shut. This result is surprising, in light of the large line tension for holes in bilayer membranes and the rapid time scale for closure of large pores. We show how pores can be dynamically stabilized via a new feedback mechanism. We also explain quantitatively the observed sudden pore closure as a tangent bifurcation. Finally, we show how Zhelev and Needham's experiment can be used to measure accurately the pore line tension, an important material parameter. For their stearoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol mixture we obtain a line tension of 2.6 x 10(-6) dyn