pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Mono Lake or Laschamp geomagnetic event recorded from lava flows in
  Amsterdam Island (southeastern Indian Ocean)

We report a survey carried out on basalt flows from Amsterdam Island in order
to check the presence of intermediate directions interpreted to belong to a
geomagnetic field excursion within the Brunhes epoch, completing this
paleomagnetic record with paleointensity determinations and radiometric dating.
The directional results corroborate the findings by Watkins and Nougier (1973)
: normal polarity is found for two units and an intermediate direction, with
associated VGPs close to the equator, for the other two units. A notable result
is that these volcanic rocks are well suited for absolute paleointensity
determinations. Fifty percent of the samples yields reliable intensity values
with high quality factors. An original element of this study is that we made
use of the PTRM-tail test of Shcherbakova et al. (2000) to help in the
interpretation of the paleointensity measurements. Doing thus, only the high
temperature intervals, beyond 400 degres C, were retained to obtain the most
reliable estimate of the strength of the ancient magnetic field. The normal
units yield Virtual Dipole Moments (VDM) of 6.2 and 7.7 10e22 Am2 and the
excursional units yield values of 3.7 and 3.4 10e22 Am2. These results are
quite consistent with the other Thellier determinations from Brunhes excursion
records, all characterized by a decrease of the VDM as VGP latitude decreases.
40Ar/39Ar isotopic age determinations provide an estimate of 26+-15 Kyr and
18+-9 Kyr for the transitional lava flows, which could correspond to the Mono
Lake excursion. However, the large error bars associated with these ages do not
exclude the hypothesis that this event is the Laschamp
Input states for quantum gates

We examine three possible implementations of non-deterministic linear optical
cnot gates with a view to an in-principle demonstration in the near future. To
this end we consider demonstrating the gates using currently available sources
such as spontaneous parametric down conversion and coherent states, and current
detectors only able to distinguish between zero or many photons. The
demonstration is possible in the co-incidence basis and the errors introduced
by the non-optimal input states and detectors are analysed
Young measure flow as a model for damage

Models for hysteresis in continuum mechanics are studied that rely on a time-discretised quasi-static evolution of Young measures akin to a gradient flow. The main feature of this approach is that it allows for local, rather than global minimisation. In particular, the case of a non-coercive elastic energy density of Lennard-Jones type is investigated. The approach is used to describe the formation of damage in a material; existence results are proved, as well as several results highlighting the qualitative behaviour of solutions. Connections are made to recent variational models for fracture
Psi_B-energy operator and cross-power spectral density

In this paper we consider the hermitian extension of the cross-Psi_B-energy operator that we will denote by Psi_H. In addition, cross energy terms are formalized through multivariate signals representation. We investigate the connection between the interaction energy function of Psi_H and the cross-power spectral density (CPSD)of two complex valued signals. In particular, this link permits to use this operator for estimating the CPSD. We illustrate the interest of  Psi_H as a similarity between a pair of signals in frequency domain on synthetic and real data
Fast fabrication process of microfluidic devices based on\ud
cyclic olefin copolymer

A new low-cost process for fast fabrication of multilayer microfluidic devices using cyclic olefin copolymer film materials is presented. This novel process consists of the fabrication of microfluidic features by xurography, followed by multilayer lamination via cyclohexane vapor exposure. Exposure time to this solvent and compression time were optimized for bond tensile strength. A three-layer microfluidic chip capable of withstanding back pressures up to 23 MPa was fabricated in less than an hour. The suitability of this fast prototyping method for fabrication of functional UV-transparent microfluidic devices was demonstrated by development and testing of a microfluidic mixer and preparation of a polymer monolithic column within the microfluidic channel
‘A jack of all trades’ - The role of PIs in the establishment and management of collaborative networks in scientific knowledge commercialisation

The commercialisation of scientific knowledge has become a primary objective for universities worldwide. Collaborative research projects are viewed as the key to achieving this objective, however, the role of Principal Investigators (PIs) within these complex multi-stakeholder research projects remains under researched. This paper explores how networks in the scientific knowledge collaboration process are initiated and maintained from a multi-stakeholder perspective.  It is based on case study evidence from 82 stakeholders in 17 research collaboration projects in Irish and German universities, which provides for a holistic view of the process, as opposed to prior research which has tended to report findings based on the analysis of one or two stakeholders. It finds that PIs play a lead role in establishing and managing stakeholder networks. This finding is unanimous for all stakeholders, irrespective of research centre size, type and geographical location.  Not unlike the entrepreneur, the PI has to be ‘a jack of all trades', taking on the roles of project manager, negotiator, resource acquirer as well as, the traditional academic role of Ph.D. supervision and mentoring. The findings suggest that PIs are better placed than Technology Transfer Office (TTO) managers to act as boundary spanners in bridging the gap between science and industry
Improving photovoltaics grid integration through short time forecasting and self-consumption

The uncertainty associated to the forecast of photovoltaic generation is a major drawback for the widespread introduction of this technology into electricity grids. This uncertainty is a challenge in the design and operation of electrical systems that include photovoltaic generation. Demand-Side Management (DSM) techniques are widely used to modify energy consumption. If local photovoltaic generation is available, DSM techniques can use generation forecast to schedule the local consumption. On the other hand, local storage systems can be used to separate electricity availability from instantaneous generation; therefore, the effects of forecast error in the electrical system are reduced. The effects of uncertainty associated to the forecast of photovoltaic generation in a residential electrical system equipped with DSM techniques and a local storage system are analyzed in this paper. The study has been performed in a solar house that is able to displace a residential user?s load pattern, manage local storage and estimate forecasts of electricity generation. A series of real experiments and simulations have carried out on the house. The results of this experiments show that the use of Demand Side Management (DSM) and local storage reduces to 2% the uncertainty on the energy exchanged with the grid. In the case that the photovoltaic system would operate as a pure electricity generator feeding all generated electricity into grid, the uncertainty would raise to around 40%
Replication of functional serotonin receptor type 3A and B variants in bipolar affective disorder: a European multicenter study

Serotonin type 3 receptors (5-HT(3)) are involved in learning, cognition and emotion, and have been implicated in various psychiatric phenotypes. However, their contribution to the pathomechanism of these disorders remains elusive. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HTR3A and HTR3B genes (rs1062613, rs1176744 and rs3831455) have been associated with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) in pilot studies, and all of them are of functional relevance. We performed a European multicenter study to confirm previous results and provide further evidence for the relevance of these SNPs to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. This involved analysis of the distribution of the three SNPs among 1804 BPAD cases and 2407 healthy controls. A meta-analysis revealed a pooled odds ratio of 0.881 (P = 0.009, 95% confidence intervals = 0.802-0.968) for the non-synonymous functional SNP HTR3B p.Y129S (rs1176744), thereby confirming previous findings. In line with this, the three genome-wide association study samples BOMA (Bonn-Mannheim)-BPAD, WTCCC (Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium)-BPAD and GAIN (Genetic Association Information Network)-BPAD, including >3500 patients and 5200 controls in total, showed an overrepresentation of the p.Y129 in patients. Remarkably, the meta-analysis revealed a P-value of 0.048 (OR = 0.934, fixed effect model). We also performed expression analyses to gain further insights into the distribution of HTR3A and HTR3B mRNA in the human brain. HTR3A and HTR3B were detected in all investigated brain tissues with the exception of the cerebellum, and large differences in the A:B subunit ratio were observed. Interestingly, expression of the B subunit was most prominent in the brain stem, amygdalae and frontal cortex, regions of relevance to psychiatric disorders. In conclusion, the present study provides further evidence for the presence of impaired 5-HT(3) receptor function in BPAD
Variational approach to thermal masses in compactified models

We investigate by means of a variational approach the effective potential of a 5 D U(1) scalar model at finite temperature and compactified on S 1 and S 1 / Z 2 as well as the corresponding 4 D model obtained through a trivial dimensional reduction. We are particularly interested in the behavior of the thermal masses of the scalar field with respect to the Wilson line phase and the results obtained are compared with those coming from a one-loop effective potential calculation. We also explore the nature of the phase transition
Stationary black holes: large D analysis

We consider the effective theory of large D stationary black holes. By solving the Einstein equations with a cosmological constant using the 1 /D expansion in near zone of the black hole we obtain the effective equation for the stationary black hole. The effective equation describes the Myers-Perry black hole, bumpy black holes and, possibly, the black ring solution as its solutions. In this effective theory the black hole is represented as an embedded membrane in the background, e.g., Minkowski or Anti-de Sitter spacetime and its mean curvature is given by the surface gravity redshifted by the background gravitational field and the local Lorentz boost. The local Lorentz boost property of the effective equation is observed also in the metric itself. In fact we show that the leading order metric of the Einstein equation in the 1 /D expansion is generically regarded as a Lorentz boosted Schwarzschild black hole. We apply this Lorentz boost property of the stationary black hole solution to solve perturbation equations. As a result we obtain an analytic formula for quasinormal modes of the singly rotating Myers-Perry black hole in the 1 /D expansion
Galileons coupled to massive gravity: general analysis and cosmological solutions

We further develop the framework for coupling galileons and   Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar fields to a massive graviton while   retaining both the non-linear symmetries of the scalars and   ghost-freedom of the theory.  The general construction is recast in   terms of vielbeins which simplifies calculations and allows for   compact expressions.  Expressions for the general form of the action   are derived, with special emphasis on those models which descend   from maximally symmetric spaces.  We demonstrate the existence of   maximally symmetric solutions to the fully non-linear theory and   analyze their spectrum of quadratic fluctuations. Finally, we   consider self-accelerating cosmological solutions and study their   perturbations, showing that the vector and scalar modes have   vanishing kinetic terms
GMSB with light stops

Gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) is an elegant mechanism to transmit supersymmetry breaking from the hidden to the MSSM observable sector, which solves the supersymmetric flavor problem. However, the smallness of the generated stop mixing requires superheavy stops to reproduce the experimental value of the Higgs mass. A possible way out is to extend the MSSM Higgs sector with singlets and/or triplets providing extra tree-level corrections to the Higgs mass. Singlets will not get any soft mass from GMSB and triplets will contribute to the ρ parameter which could be an issue. In this paper we explore the second possibility by introducing extra supersymmetric triplets with hypercharges Y = (0, ±1), with a tree-level custodial SU(2) L ⊗ SU(2) R global symmetry in the Higgs sector protecting the ρ parameter: a supersymmetric generalization of the Georgi-Machacek model, dubbed as supersymmetric custodial triplet model (SCTM). The renormalization group running from the messenger to the electroweak scale mildly breaks the custodial symmetry. We will present realistic low-scale scenarios (with the NLSP being a Bino-like neutralino or the right-handed stau) based on general (non-minimal) gauge mediation and consistent with all present experimental data. Their main features are: i) Light (∼ 1 TeV) stops; ii) Exotic couplings ( H ± W ∓ Z and H ±± W ∓ W ∓ ) absent in the MSSM and proportional to the triplets VEV, v Δ ; and, iii) A possible (measurable) universality breaking of the Higgs couplings λ W Z = r WW / r ZZ = 1
Position space analysis of the AdS (in)stability problem

We investigate whether arbitrarily small perturbations in global AdS space are generically unstable and collapse into black holes on the time scale set by gravitational interactions. We argue that current evidence, combined with our analysis, strongly suggests that a set of nonzero measure in the space of initial conditions does not collapse on this time scale. We perform an analysis in position space to study this puzzle, and our formalism allows us to directly study the vanishing-amplitude limit. We show that gravitational self-interaction leads to tidal deformations which are equally likely to focus or defocus energy, and we sketch the phase diagram accordingly. We also clarify the connection between gravitational evolution in global AdS and holographic thermalization
Measurement and modeling of pulsatile flow in microchannel

An experimental study of pulsatile flow in microchannel is reported in this paper. Such a study is important because time-varying flows are frequently encountered in microdevices. The hydraulic diameter of the microchannel is 144 Î¼m and deionized water is the working fluid. The pressure drop across the microchannel as a function of time is recorded, from which the average and r.m.s. pressure drops are obtained. The experiments have been performed in the quasi-steady flow regime for a wide range of flow rate, frequency of pulsations, and duty cycle. The results suggest that the pressure with pulsations lies between the minimum and maximum steady state pressure values. The average pressure drop with pulsation is approximately linear with respect to the flow rate. The theoretical expression for pressure has also been derived wherever possible and the experimental data is found to lie below the corresponding theoretical values. The difference with respect to the theoretical value increases with an increase in frequency and a decrease in flow rate, with a maximum difference of 32.7%. This is attributed to the small size of the microchannel. An increase in frequency of square waveform leads to a larger reduction in pressure drop as compared to rectangular waveform, irrespective of the duty cycle. The results can be interpreted with the help of a first-order model proposed here; the model results are found to compare well against the experimental results. A correlation for friction factor in terms of the other non-dimensional governing parameters is also proposed. Experimental study of mass-driven pulsatile flow in microchannel is being conducted for the first time at these scales and the results are of both fundamental and practical importance
Double-diffusive two-fluid flow in a slippery channel: A linear stability analysis

The effect of velocity slip at the walls on the linear stability characteristics of two-fluid three-layer channel flow (the equivalent core-annular configuration in case of pipe) is investigated in the presence of double diffusive (DD) phenomenon. The fluids are miscible and consist of two solute species having different rates of diffusion. The fluids are assumed to be of the same density, but varying viscosity, which depends on the concentration of the solute species. It is found that the flow stabilizes when the less viscous fluid is present in the region adjacent to the slippery channel walls in the single-component (SC) system but becomes unstable at low Reynolds numbers in the presence of DD effect. As the mixed region of the fluids moves towards the channel walls, a new unstable mode (DD mode), distinct from the Tollman Schlichting (TS) mode, arises at Reynolds numbers smaller than the critical Reynolds number for the TS mode. We also found that this mode becomes more prominent when the mixed layer overlaps with the critical layer. It is shown that the slip parameter has nonmonotonic effect on the stability characteristics in this system. Through energy budget analysis, the dual role of slip is explained. The effect of slip is influenced by the location of mixed layer, the log-mobility ratio of the faster diffusing scalar, diffusivity, and the ratio of diffusion coefficients of the two species. Increasing the value of the slip parameter delays the first occurrence of the DD-mode. It is possible to achieve stabilization or destabilization by controlling the various physical parameters in the flow system. In the present study, we suggest an effective and realistic way to control three-layer miscible channel flow with viscosity stratification
DNA hybridization kinetics: zippering, internal displacement and sequence dependence

Although the thermodynamics of DNA hybridization is generally well established, the kinetics of this classic transition is less well understood. Providing such understanding has new urgency because DNA nanotechnology often depends critically on binding rates. Here, we explore DNA oligomer hybridization kinetics using a coarse-grained model. Strand association proceeds through a complex set of intermediate states, with successful binding events initiated by a few metastable base-pairing interactions, followed by zippering of the remaining bonds. But despite reasonably strong interstrand interactions, initial contacts frequently dissociate because typical configurations in which they form differ from typical states of similar enthalpy in the double-stranded equilibrium ensemble. Initial contacts must be stabilized by two or three base pairs before full zippering is likely, resulting in negative effective activation enthalpies. Non-Arrhenius behavior arises because the number of base pairs required for nucleation increases with temperature. In addition, we observe two alternative pathways—pseudoknot and inchworm internal displacement—through which misaligned duplexes can rearrange to form duplexes. These pathways accelerate hybridization. Our results explain why experimentally observed association rates of GC-rich oligomers are higher than rates of AT- rich equivalents, and more generally demonstrate how association rates can be modulated by sequence choice
Early quark production and approach to chemical equilibrium

We perform real-time lattice simulations of out-of-equilibrium quark
production in non-Abelian gauge theory in 3+1-dimensions. Our simulations
include the backreaction of quarks onto the dynamical gluon sector, which is
particularly relevant for strongly correlated quarks. We observe fast
isotropization and universal behavior of quarks and gluons at weak coupling and
establish a quantitative connection to previous pure glue results. In order to
understand the strongly correlated regime, we perform simulations for a large
number of flavors and compare them to those obtained with two light quark
flavors. By doing this we are able to provide estimates of the chemical
equilibration time
Optical properties of ZnMgO films grown by spray pyrolysis and their application to UV photodetection

This work presents a comprehensive optical characterization of Zn1−xMgxO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis (SP). Absorption measurements show the high potential of this technique to tune the bandgap from 3.30 to 4.11 eV by changing the Mg acetate content in the precursor solution, leading to a change of the Mg-content ranging from 0 up to 35%, as measured by transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The optical emission of the films obtained by cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectroscopy shows a blue shift of the peak position from 3.26 to 3.89 eV with increasing Mg incorporation, with a clear excitonic contribution even at high Mg contents. The linewidth broadening of the absorption and emission spectra as well as the magnitude of the observed Stokes shift are found to significantly increase with the Mg content. This is shown to be related to both potential fluctuations induced by pure statistical alloy disorder and the presence of a tail of band states, the latter dominating for medium Mg contents. Finally, metal–semiconductor–metal photodiodes were fabricated showing a high sensitivity and a blue shift in the cut-off energy from 3.32 to 4.02 eV, i.e., down to 308 nm. The photodiodes present large UV/dark contrast ratios (102 − 107), indicating the viability of SP as a growth technique to fabricate low cost (Zn, Mg)O-based UV photodetectors reaching short wavelengths
A SEARCH FOR NEW QUARKS AND LEPTONS FROM Z ° DECAY AT LEP ALEPH Collaboration

International audienceA search for Z0 decays into pairs of possible new heavy quarks (t and b′), new heavy charged leptons (L±), stable heavy neutral leptons (νL) and unstable heavy neutral leptons (L0) is performed on data collected by the ALEPH detector corresponding to 11 550 events of Z0→hadrons. The limits on the masses of the heavy quarks are Mt > 45.8 GeV and Mb′ > 46.0 GeV, allowing for both charged-current and flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b′. If an L± decays into a stable νL, then for MνL<42.7 GeV, the mass of L± is excluded for all values of ML± > MνL. Finally, while the mass of the stable νL is excluded up to 42.7 GeV, the mass of the unstable L0 is excluded up to 45.7 GeV with the mixing parameters |UℓL0|2 down to 10−13 at this mass. For 25.0 GeV < ML0 < 42.7 GeV, all values of |UℓL0|2 are excluded. All limits are given at 95% CL
The Geant4 Visualisation System

Available online 7 October 2007The Geant4 Visualisation System is a multi-driver graphics system designed to serve the Geant4 Simulation Toolkit. It is aimed at the visualization of Geant4 data, primarily detector descriptions and simulated particle trajectories and hits. It can handle a variety of graphical technologies simultaneously and interchangeably, allowing the user to choose the visual representation most appropriate to requirements. It conforms to the low-level Geant4 abstract graphical user interfaces and introduces new abstract classes from which the various drivers are derived and that can be straightforwardly extended, for example, by the addition of a new driver. It makes use of an extendable class library of models and filters for data representation and selection. The Geant4 Visualisation System supports a rich set of interactive commands based on the Geant4 command system. It is included in the Geant4 code distribution and maintained and documented like other components of Geant4