pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Guilt by association?

Recent evolutionary perspectives on guilt tend to focus on how guilt functions as a means for the individual to self-regulate behavior and as a mechanism for reinforcing cooperative tendencies. While these accounts highlight important dimensions of guilt and provide important insights into its evolutionary emergence, they pay scant attention to the large empirical literature on its maladaptive effects on individuals. This paper considers the nature of guilt, explores its biological function, and provides an evolutionary perspective on whether it is an individual-level or group selected trait. After surveying philosophical and psychological analyses of guilt, we consider which psychological mechanisms underlie the capacity to experience and act from guilt and whether they point to an emergence of guilt in early humans or to guilt having a longer phylogenetic history. Because guilt is a characteristically social emotion, we then examine its contemporary role in social and legal contexts, which may provide clues to its original biological function. Finally, we provide the outlines of two evolutionary explanations for guilt. We argue that group selection may have promoted the capacity to experience guilt, but that under certain conditions there may have been a positive individual selection force as well
Comments on the Casimir energy in supersymmetric field theories

We study the Casimir energy of four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories in the context of the rigid limit of new minimal supergravity. Firstly, revisiting the computation of the localized partition function on S 1 × S 3 , we recover the supersymmetric Casimir energy from its path integral definition. Secondly, we consider the same theories in the Hamiltonian formalism on ℝ × S 3 $$ \mathbb{R}\times {S}^3 $$ , focussing on the free limit and including a one- parameter family of background gauge fields along ℝ $$ \mathbb{R} $$ . We compute the vacuum expectation value of the canonical Hamiltonian using zeta function regularization, and show that this interpolates between the supersymmetric Casimir energy and the ordinary Casimir energy of a supersymmetric free field theory
Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest spacetime supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give nontrivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting
Reducing differential equations for multiloop master integrals

We present an algorithm of the reduction of the differential equations for master integrals the Fuchsian form with the right-hand side matrix linearly depending on dimensional regularization parameter ϵ . We consider linear transformations of the functions column which are rational in the variable and in ϵ . Apart from some degenerate cases described below, the algorithm allows one to obtain the required transformation or to ascertain irreducibility to the form required. Degenerate cases are quite anticipated and likely to correspond to irreducible systems
Effective temperature in steady-state dynamics from holography

We argue that, within the realm of gauge-gravity duality, for a large class of systems in a steady-state there exists an effective thermodynamic description. This description comes equipped with an effective temperature and a free energy, but no well-defined notion of entropy. Such systems are described by probe degrees of freedom propagating in a much larger background, e.g. N f number of N = 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ hypermultiplets in N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SU( N c ) super Yang-Mills theory, in the limit N f ≪ N c . The steady-state is induced by exciting an external electric field that couples to the hypermultiplets and drives a constant current. With various stringy examples, we demonstrate that an open string equivalence principle determines an unique effective temperature for all fluctuations in the probe-sector. We further discuss various properties of the corresponding open string metric that determines the effective geometry which the probe degrees of freedom are coupled to. We also comment on the non-Abelian generalization, where the effective temperature depends on the corresponding sector of the fluctuation modes
Integrating in the Higgs portal to fermion dark matter

Fermion dark matter (DM) interacting with the standard model through a Higgs portal requires non-renormalizable operators, signaling the presence of new mediator states at the electroweak scale. Collider signatures that involve the mediators are a powerful tool to experimentally probe the Higgs portal interactions, providing complementary information to strong constraints set by direct DM detection searches. Indirect detection experiments are less sensitive to this scenario. We investigate the collider reach for the mediators using three minimal renormalizable models as examples, and requiring the fermion DM to be a thermal relic. The Large Hadron Collider in its high-energy, high-luminosity phase can probe most scenarios if DM is lighter than about 200 GeV. Beyond this scale, future high-energy experiments such as an electron-positron collider or a 100-TeV proton-proton collider, combined with future direct detection experiments, are indispensable to conclusively test these models
OPE for all helicity amplitudes

We extend the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) for scattering amplitudes in planar N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM to account for all possible helicities of the external states. This is done by constructing a simple map between helicity configurations and so-called charged pentagon transitions . These OPE building blocks are generalizations of the bosonic pentagons entering MHV amplitudes and they can be bootstrapped at finite coupling from the integrable dynamics of the color flux tube. A byproduct of our map is a simple realization of parity in the super Wilson loop picture
Static Hedging of Multivariate Derivatives by Simulation

We propose an approximate static hedging procedure for multivariate derivatives. The hedging portfolio is composed of statically held simple univariate options, optimally weighted minimizing the variance of the difference between the target claim and the approximate replicating portfolio. The method uses simulated paths to estimate the weights of the hedging portfolio and is related to Monte Carlo control variates techniques. We report numerical results showing the performance of this static hedging procedure on bivariate options on the maximum of two assets and on 2- and 7-dimensional portfolio options. It is shown that, in the presence of transaction costs, Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall of the dynamically hedged positions can be higher than the ones obtained by a static hedge
Nonlinear optical properties of Au–Ag nanoplanets made by ion beam processing of bimetallic nanoclusters in silica

The nonlinear absorption of Au–Ag nanoplanets made by Ar irradiation of bimetallic nanoclusters in silica has been experimentally investigated by means of the single beam z-scan technique. The measurements have been performed in the picoseconds regime in order to isolate the fast electronic contribution to the third-order nonlinearity. The results reveal large nonlinear absorption properties of these systems, characterized by the concomitance of saturable and reverse saturable absorption. A phenomenological expression has been developed to fit the z-scan curves and to quantitatively determine the nonlinear optical parameters
Feedback and Time are Essential for the Optimal Control of Computing
  Systems

The performance, reliability, cost, size and energy usage of computing
systems can be improved by one or more orders of magnitude by the systematic
use of modern control and optimization methods. Computing systems rely on the
use of feedback algorithms to schedule tasks, data and resources, but the
models that are used to design these algorithms are validated using open-loop
metrics. By using closed-loop metrics instead, such as the gap metric developed
in the control community, it should be possible to develop improved scheduling
algorithms and computing systems that have not been over-engineered.
Furthermore, scheduling problems are most naturally formulated as constraint
satisfaction or mathematical optimization problems, but these are seldom
implemented using state of the art numerical methods, nor do they explicitly
take into account the fact that the scheduling problem itself takes time to
solve. This paper makes the case that recent results in real-time model
predictive control, where optimization problems are solved in order to control
a process that evolves in time, are likely to form the basis of scheduling
algorithms of the future. We therefore outline some of the research problems
and opportunities that could arise by explicitly considering feedback and time
when designing optimal scheduling algorithms for computing systems
Left-Dominant Temporal-Frontal Hypercoupling in Schizophrenia Patients With Hallucinations During Speech Perception

International audienceBackground: Task-based functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have not yet replicated the increased coordinated hyperactivity in speech-related brain regions that is reported with symptom-capture and resting-state studies of hallucinations. This may be due to suboptimal selection of cognitive tasks. Methods: In the current study, we used a task that allowed experimental manipulation of control over verbal material and compared brain activity between 23 schizophrenia patients (10 hallucinators, 13 nonhallucinators), 22 psychiatric (bipolar), and 27 healthy controls. Two conditions were presented, one involving inner verbal thought (in which control over verbal material was required) and another involving speech perception (SP; in which control verbal material was not required). Results: A functional connectivity analysis resulted in a left-dominant temporal-frontal network that included speech-related auditory and motor regions and showed hypercoupling in past-week hallucinating schizophrenia patients (relative to nonhallucinating patients) during SP only. Conclusions: These findings replicate our previous work showing generalized speech-related functional network hypercoupling in schizophrenia during inner verbal thought and SP, but extend them by suggesting that hypercoupling is related to past-week hallucination severity scores during SP only, when control over verbal material is not required. This result opens the possibility that practicing control over inner verbal thought processes may decrease the likelihood or severity of hallucinations
Entrepreneurship turnover and endogenous returns to ability

International audienceThis paper proposes a model of entrepreneurial turnover highlighting a non-monotone relationship between technological change and ability-biased sorting into entrepreneurial types. Entrepreneurial decisions are examined in a two-stage model under uncertainty in which entrepreneurs decide to abandon a project and start a new venture depending on technological change and on ability. We show that technological change affects the quality distribution of entrepreneurship by increasing the ex-ante number of entrepreneurs undertaking the most efficient projects and decreasing the post-entry number of entrepreneurs of low-quality firms who choose to continue their initial business. A higher rate of technological change is therefore likely to induce a cleansing effect on entrepreneurial activity and to alter the market perception of business creation
LiHe spectra from brown dwarfs to helium clusters

International audienceThe detection of Li I lines is the most decisive spectral indicator of substellarity for young brown dwarfs with masses below about 0.06 solar mass. Due to the weakness of the Li resonance lines, it is important to be able to model precisely both their core widths and their wing profiles. This allows an adequate prediction of the mass at which Li lines reappear in the spectra of brown dwarfs for a given age, or reversely an accurate determination of the age of a cluster. We report improved line profiles and the dependence of line width on temperature suitable for modeling substellar atmospheres that were determined from new LiHe molecular potential energies. Over a limited range of density and temperature, comparison with laboratory measurements was used to validate the potential energies which support the spectral line profile theory
Real-Time Implementation of Morphological Filters with Polygonal Structuring Elements

International audienceIn mathematical morphology, circular structuring elements (SE) are used whenever one needs angular isotropy. The circles - difficult to implement efficiently - are often approximated by convex, symmetric polygons that decompose under the Minkowski addition to 1-D inclined segments. In this paper, we show how to perform this decomposition efficiently, in stream with almost optimal latency to compute gray-scale erosion and dilation by flat regular polygons. We further increase its performance by introducing a spatial parallelism while maintaining sequential access to data. We implement these principles in a dedicated hardware block. Several of these blocks can be concatenated to efficiently compute sequential filters, or granulometries in one scan. With a configurable image size and programmable SE size, this architecture is usable in high-end, real-time industrial applications. We show on an example that it conforms to real-time requirements of the 100Hz 1080p FullHD TV standard, even for serial morphological filters using large hexagons or octagons
Bose-Einstein correlations in W-pair decays with an event-mixing technique

Bose-Einstein correlations in W-pair decays are studied using data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP at e+e- centre-of-mass energies from 183 to 209 GeV. The analysis is based on the comparison of WW-->qqqq events to ``mixed'' events constructed with the hadronic part of WW-->qqlnu events. The data are in agreement with the hypothesis that Bose-Einstein correlations are present only for pions from the same W decay. The JETSET model with Bose-Einstein correlations between pions from different W bosons is disfavoured
Identification of cascade of Hammerstein models for the description of non-linearities in vibrating devices

International audienceIn a number of vibration applications, systems under study are slightly nonlinear. It is thus of great importance to have a way to model and to measure these nonlinearities in the frequency range of use. Cascade of Hammerstein models conveniently allows one to describe a large class of nonlinearities. A simple method based on a phase property of exponential sine sweeps is proposed to identify the structural elements of such a model from only one measured response of the system. Mathematical foundations and practical implementation of the method are discussed. The method is afterwards validated on simulated and real systems. Vibrating devices such as acoustical transducers are well approximated by cascade of Hammerstein models. The harmonic distortion generated by those transducers can be predicted by the model over the entire audio frequency range for any desired input amplitude. Agreement with more time consuming classical distortion measurement methods was found to be good
Joint state and parameter estimation for distributed mechanical systems

We present a novel strategy to perform estimation for a dynamical mechanical system in standard operating conditions, namely, without ad hoc experimental testing. We adopt a sequential approach, and the joint state-parameter estimation procedure is based on a state estimator inspired from collocated feedback control. This type of state estimator is chosen due to its particular effectiveness and robustness, but the methodology proposed to adequately extend state estimation to joint state-parameter estimation is general, and - indeed -applicable with any other choice of state feedback observer. The convergence of the resulting joint estimator is mathematically established. In addition, we demonstrate its effectiveness with a biomechanical test problem defined to feature the same essential characteristics as a heart model, in which we identify localized contractility and stiffness parameters using measurements of a type that is available in medical imaging
Propagation of elastic waves through textured polycrystals: application to ice

International audienceThe propagation of elastic waves in polycrystals is revisited, with an emphasis on configurations relevant to the study of ice. Randomly oriented hexagonal single crystals are considered with specific, non-uniform, probability distributions for their major axis. Three typical textures or fabrics (i.e. preferred grain orientations) are studied in detail: one cluster fabric and two girdle fabrics, as found in ice recovered from deep ice cores. After computing the averaged elasticity tensor for the considered textures, wave propagation is studied using a wave equation with elastic constants c = =c + δc that are equal to an average plus deviations, presumed small, from that average. This allows for the use of the Voigt average in the wave equation, and velocities are obtained solving the appropriate Christoffel equation. The velocity for vertical propagation, as appropriate to interpret sonic logging measurements, is analysed in more details. Our formulae are shown to be accurate at the 0.5% level and they provide a rationale for previous empirical fits to wave propagation velocities with a quantitative agreement at the 0.07–0.7% level. We conclude that, within the formalism presented here, it is appropriate to use, with confidence, velocity measurements to characterize ice fabrics
Ground state structure of D75N mutant of sensory rhodopsin II in complex with its cognate transducer

International audienceThe complex of sensory rhodopsin II (NpSRII) with its cognate transducer (NpHtrII) mediates negative phototaxis in halobacteria Natronomonas pharaonis. Upon light activation NpSRII triggers, by means of NpHtrII, a signal transduction chain homologous to the two component system in eubacterial chemotaxis. Here we report on the crystal structure of the ground state of the mutant NpSRII-D75N/NpHtrII complex in the space group I212121. Mutations of this aspartic acid in light-driven proton pumps dramatically modify or/and inhibit protein functions. However, in vivo studies show that the similar D75N mutation retains functionality of the NpSRII/NpHtrII complex. The structure provides the molecular basis for the explanation of the unexpected observation that the wild and the mutant complexes display identical physiological response on light excitation
A new intracellular bacterium, Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. (Chlamydiaceae) producing epitheliocysts in ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta (Pisces, Labridae)

Certain wrasse species (Labridae) are used as cleaner fish in salmon farms on the Norwegian coast, reducing salmon louse intensities. The pathogen repertoire of wrasse in Norway is poorly known, and the objective of the present study is to describe a novel intracellular bacterium detected in Norwegian Labrus bergylta. Histological examination of gill tissues from ballan wrasse, L. bergylta, revealed epitheliocysts occurring basally to the secondary lamellae in the interlamellar epithelium. Ultrastructurally, these had bacteria-filled inclusions with thickened membranes and radiating ray-like structures (actinae). 16S rRNA gene sequences from the gill bacteria showed the highest (97.1 %) similarity to Candidatus Similichlamydia latridicola from the gills of the latrid marine fish Latris lineata in Australia and 94.9 % similarity to Candidatus Actinochlamydia clariae, causing epitheliocystis in the freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus in Uganda. A total of 47 gill samples from L. bergylta from Western Norway were screened by real time RT-PCR with an assay targeting Candidatus Actinochlamydiaceae 16S rRNA. Prevalence was 100 %. We propose the name Candidatus Similichlamydia labri sp. nov. for this new agent producing gill epitheliocysts in L. bergylta
Reverse tenancy in Romania: Actors' rationales and equity outcomes

Following the implementation of the land reform in the 1990's, land rentals have developed in Romania, mainly in a reverse tenancy configuration. The paper provides an analysis of contractual practices in this configuration, based on empirical data collected through intensive field work in Transylvania. The paper depicts the reverse tenancy configuration and the conditions of its emergence in Romania, following the implementation of transition reforms in the agricultural sector. Characterizing the negotiation and enforcement of contracts in this configuration shows that in a situation where no effective enforcement mechanism is available, the market structure is such that tenants can choose very incomplete contracts or default on their contractual obligations. The analysis of the landowners' perspective, taking into account their perception of the contractual relationship contributes to explain why contractual practices persist in this context. The article concludes with a discussion, from a policy perspective, of the equity-enhancing role of the land lease market in such this reverse tenancy configuration
The role of intergranular chromium carbides on intergranular oxidation of nickel based alloys in pressurized water reactors primary water

International audienceAlloy 600 is used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) but is susceptible to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Intergranular chromium carbides have been found beneficial to reduce PWSCC. Focussed ion beam coupled with scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) 3D tomography has been used to reconstruct the morphology of grain boundary oxide penetrations and their interaction with intergranular Cr carbides in Alloy 600 subjected to a PWR environment. In presence of intergranular Cr carbides, the intergranular oxide penetrations are less deep but larger than without carbide. However, the intergranular oxide volumes normalized by the grain boundary length for both samples are similar, which suggest that intergranular oxidation growth rate is not affected by carbides. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the intergranular oxide consists mainly in a spinel-type oxide containing nickel and chromium, except in the vicinity of Cr carbides where Cr 2 O 3 was evidenced. The formation of chromium oxide may explain the lower intergranular oxide depth observed in grain boundaries containing Cr carbides