pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
26Al kinematics: superbubbles following the spiral arms?
 : 
Constraints from the statistics of star clusters and HI supershells

International audienceContext. High-energy resolution spectroscopy of the 1.8 MeV radioactive decay line of 26Al with the SPI instrument onboard the INTEGRAL satellite has recently revealed that diffuse 26Al has higher velocities than other components of the interstellar medium in the Milky Way. 26Al shows Galactic rotation in the same sense as the stars and other gas tracers, but reaches excess velocities of up to 300 km s-1. Aims. We investigate whether this result can be understood in the context of superbubbles, taking into account the statistics of young star clusters and HI supershells as well as the association of young star clusters with spiral arms.Methods. We derived energy output and 26Al mass of star clusters as a function of the cluster mass by population synthesis from stellar evolutionary tracks of massive stars. Using the limiting cases of weakly and strongly dissipative superbubble expansion, we linked this to the size distribution of HI supershells and assessed the properties of possible 26Al-carrying superbubbles. Results. 26Al is produced by star clusters of all masses above ≈200 M⊙, is roughly equally contributed over a logarithmic star cluster mass scale and strongly linked to the injection of feedback energy. The observed superbubble size distribution cannot be related to the star cluster mass function in a straightforward manner. To avoid the added volume of all superbubbles exceeding the volume of the Milky Way, individual superbubbles have to merge frequently. If any two superbubbles merge, or if 26Al is injected off-centre into a larger HI supershell, we expect the hot 26Al-carrying gas to obtain velocities of the order of the typical sound speed in superbubbles, ≈300 km s-1 before decay. For star formation coordinated by the spiral arm pattern which, inside co-rotation, is overtaken by the faster moving stars and gas, outflows from spiral arm star clusters would preferentially flow into the cavities that are inflated by previous star formation associated with this arm. These cavities would preferentially be located towards the leading edge of a given arm.Conclusions. This scenario might explain the 26Al kinematics. The massive-star ejecta are expected to survive ≥106 yr before being recycled into next-generation stars
CW-pumped polarization-maintaining Brillouin fiber ring laser: II. Active mode-locking by phase modulation

International audienceStimulated Brillouin backscattering in a cw-pumped long optical polarization-maintaining fiber ring cavity excites spontaneous stable mode-locking. But the shortest pulses allowed by the Brillouin gain bandwidth imply an active mode-locking, which we have achieved by using a phase modulator inside the ring. The experiment is carried out in the infrared at 1.319 lm, and in narrow frequency domains, close to N integer multiples of the ring FSR, we observe two type of mode-locking: either a maximum compression of the Brillouin solitons, or a stable splitting into N equally spaced pulses. Case N = 3 is more detailed. Experiment implies a slight polarization modulation by the phase modu- lation. Simulations carried out through the coherent three-wave model are in very good agreement for both mode-lock- ing mechanisms. Introduction of a small amplitude modulation together with the intra-cavity phase modulation satisfactorily explains the stable splitting domain as well as the compression domain
Search for narrow high-mass resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV decaying to a Z and a Higgs boson

A search for a narrow, high-mass resonance decaying into Z and Higgs (H) bosons is presented. The final state studied consists of a merged jet pair and a τ pair resulting from the decays of Z and H bosons, respectively. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment in 2012, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. In the resonance mass range of interest, which extends from 0.8 to 2.5 TeV, the Z and H bosons are produced with large momenta, which implies that the final products of the two quarks or the two τ leptons must be detected within a small angular interval. From a combination of all possible decay modes of the τ leptons, production cross sections in a range between 0.9 and 27.8 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the resonance mass
Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials, tight quotients and Dyck superpartitions

We give an explicit combinatorial product formula for the parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials of the tight quotients of the symmetric group. This formula shows that these polynomials are always either zero or a monic power of q and implies the main result in [F. Brenti, Kazhdan–Lusztig and R-polynomials, Youngʼs lattice, and Dyck partitions, Pacific J. Math. 207 (2002) 257–286] on the parabolic Kazhdan–Lusztig polynomials of the maximal quotients. The formula depends on a new class of superpartitions
Cerebral embolic lesions detected with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging following carotid artery stenting: a meta-analysis of 8 studies comparing filter cerebral protection and proximal balloon occlusion.

OBJECTIVES:\ud
The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the 2 different neuroprotection systems in preventing embolization during carotid artery stenting (CAS), as detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI).\ud
BACKGROUND:\ud
Data from randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing both types of embolic protection devices revealed contrasting evidence about their efficacy in neuroprotection, as assessed by the incidence of new ischemic lesions detected by DW-MRI.\ud
METHODS:\ud
Eight studies, enrolling 357 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. Our study analyzed the incidence of new ischemic lesions/patient, comparing filter cerebral protection and proximal balloon occlusion.\ud
RESULTS:\ud
Following CAS, the incidence of new ischemic lesions/patient detected by DW-MRI was significantly lower in the proximal balloon occlusion group (effect size [ES]: -0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.84 to -0.02, I(2) = 70.08, Q = 23.40). Furthermore, following CAS, the incidence of lesions at the contralateral site was significantly lower in the proximal protection group (ES: -0.50; 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.27, I(2) = 0.00, Q = 3.80).\ud
CONCLUSIONS:\ud
Our meta-analysis supports the concept that the use of proximal balloon occlusion compared with filter cerebral protection is associated with a reduction of the amount of CAS-related brain embolization. The data should be confirmed by a randomized clinical tria
Self-assembled microcapsules with tunable and sustained release of macromolecules for tissue engineering

Layer-by-layer (LbL) has been presented as a tool capable of constructing tunable and sustained release reservoirs for therapeutic and proliferation/differentiation agents. We report the conception of biocompatible stimuli-responsive microcapsules fabricated using LbL containing BSA as model protein. The capsules were constructed by the sequential adsorption of chitosan and a temperature-responsive elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) containing RGD into self-assembled layers and onto inorganic CaCO3 microparticle templates. By increasing the temperature (25–37 º C), a considerable shrinking was observed (5.5–3.2 micrometers) as well as higher retention of the encapsulated BSA. Such variations were observed for the first time at a relevant physiological temperature, contrary to similar LbL systems requiring temperatures ranging 50–70 ºC. Different number of bilayers allowed tuning further the permeability: more layers resulted in a more effective barrier to the protein diffusion. Cell viability tests using L929 cells also demonstrated the non-cytotoxicity of these structures. The developed nanostructured reservoirs exhibited tunable and sustained permeability
by simply varying the temperature and the number of layers. Exploiting both permeability mechanisms, it would be possible to control the release not only of a pharmaceutical in traditional drug delivery applications but also of agents in tissue engineering that influence the proliferation and differentiation of cells.Fundo Social Europeu (FSE)Programa Diferencial de Potencial Humano (POPH)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
Bioinspired superhydrophobic patterned surfaces as chips for high-throughput analysis of biomaterials viscoelastic properties

Tissue-constituent cells are usually anchorage-dependent cells. Their viability is compromised when they are in a fluid suspension. The adhesion of these cells in the body occurs in solid elastic tissues. Mechanical properties of biomaterials were reported to have a role in modulating cells response, affecting their function and structure, as well as the direction of differentiation [1]. Cells like neurons, muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells are examples of cells previously reported to be dependent on substrates stiffness.
 It is well known that interactions occurring in the area of tissue engineering and regeneration are not easily predictable. As such, we previously developed arrays of wettable spots in polystyrene superhydrophobic surfaces in order to use these structures as high-throughput platforms for biomaterials development. We patterned biomaterials precursors in the wettable spots, keeping them confined in such regions by the wettability contrast caused by the superhydrophobic surroundings. The method was used to study several cells-biomaterials interactions in 3D milieu. We studied the effect of distinct combinations of biomaterials in encapsulated cells [2], as well as cells-porous scaffolds interactions [3]. Adapted chips based on the same concept were also used to develop an on-chip drug-release quantification device [4].
 By using the same type of chips developed for cells-biomaterials interactions studies, we aimed to adapt the system for the rapid study of miniaturized biomaterials viscoelastic properties. Most living tissues show a viscoelastic behavior, i.e., besides showing a particular stiffness, they have the ability to dissipate energy during cyclic stimulation. We used superhydrophobic chips to pattern miniaturized hydrogels, and adapted a mechanical dynamic analyzer (DMA) so on-chip viscoelastic properties of those materials could be assessed under physiological-like conditions. For the proof-of-concept we performed a three-factor combinatorial study targeting bone tissue engineering applications. A system consisting of distinct combinations of polymeric matrix concentration, crosslinking degree and addition of biomineralizable bioglass nanoparticles was systematically studied.
 We believe this system will facilitate the on-chip rapid study of miniaturized biomaterials for the future discovery of the role of the viscoelastic properties of tissues and materials in cell response.
 
 [1] A. J. Engler, S. Sen, H. L. Sweeney, D. E. Discher, Cell 2006, 126, 677.
 [2] C. L. Salgado, M. B. Oliveira, J. F. Mano, Integrative Biology, 2012, 4, 318.
 [3] M. B. Oliveira, C. L. Salgado, W. Song, J. F. Mano, Small 2013, 9, 768.
 [4] M. B. Oliveira, J. F. Mano, Analytical Chemistry, 2013, 4, 2391
Comparison of symmetrical hemodialysis catheters using computational fluid dynamics

Purpose: Symmetric-tip dialysis catheters have become alternative devices because of low access recirculation and ease of tip positioning. Flow characteristics of three symmetric catheters were compared based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as they relate to catheter function.
 
Materials And Methods: In Palindrome, GlidePath, and VectorFloW catheters, a computational fluid dynamics based approach was used to assess W regions of flow separation, which are prone to thrombus development; (ii) shear-induced platelet activation potency; (iii) recirculation; and (iv) venous outflow deflection. A steady-state, laminar flow model simulated: catheter tip position within the superior vena cava. Catheter performance was investigated at high hemodialysis flow rate (400 mL/min). Blood was assumed as a Newtonian fluid.
 
Results: Wide regions of flow separation downstream of the Palindrome side slot and close to the distal tip were observed in forward and reversed line configurations. Geometric asymmetry of the distal guide wire aperture of the GlidePath catheter produced the highest levels of inverted velocity flow when run in reversed configuration. The lowest mean shear-induced platelet activation was exhibited by GlidePath and VectorFloW catheters; the Palindrome catheter exhibited 152% higher overall platelet activation potency. All catheters were associated with a recirculation close to zero; the helically contoured lumens of the VectorFlow catheter produced the greatest amount of deflection of venous flow away from the arterial lumen.
 
Conclusions: The VectorFlow catheter produced less shear-induced platelet activation than the Palindrome catheter and less flow separation than the Palindrome and GlidePath catheters irrespective of line configuration These findings have,potential implications for differences in thrombogenic risk during clinical performance of these catheters
Annealing effect on the Fe/Pt multilayers grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates

[[abstract]]We studied the structure and magnetic properties of molecular-beam epitaxy grown 300 \Angstrom thick Fe/Pt multilayers with different bilayer thickness and annealing temperature. The Fe/Pt multilayers were deposited on 100 Angstrom thick Pt buffer layers at 100 degreesC on Al2O3 (0001) substrates. The structure of as-deposited Fe/Pt films was fcc(111). While the postannealing temperature greater than or equal to400 degreesC, an additional FePt(100) orientation was observed. A large coercivity range, namely, 200-16 000 Oe can be tuned by varying the bilayer thickness and annealing temperature.[[fileno]]2020336010007[[department]]材料科學工程學
Observation of terahertz electric pulses generated by nearly filled-gap nonuniform illumination excitation

[[abstract]]Terahertz (THz) electric pulses generated by nonuniform illumination excitation in a nearly filled-gap configuration were observed. In this scheme, the excitation beam is focused to a spotsize only slightly smaller than the spacing between the transmission lines and is located symmetrically within the gap. With 100 fs laser pulses excitation on sliding-contact photoconductive switches fabricated on low-temperature-grown GaAs, electric pulse correlation with 190 +/- 20 fs full width at half maximum, which corresponds to a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.1 THz, was observed. Moreover, electric pulses with three times larger peak amplitude than those generated with filled-gap illumination from In coplanar striplines were observed. Bias, wavelength, and pump power dependencies were investigated. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03251-4].[[fileno]]2010127010004[[department]]物理
CP violation and electric-dipole moment at low energy tau production with polarized electrons

The new proposals for high luminosity B/Flavor factories, near and on top of the Y resonances, allow for a detailed investigation of CP-violation in the pi-pair production. In particular, bounds on the tau electric dipole moment can be obtained of genuine CP-odd observables related to the pi-pair production. We perform an independent analysis from low energy (10 GeV) data by means of linear spin observables. We show that for a longitudinally polarized electron beam a CP-odd asymmetry, associated to the normal polarization term, can be measured at these low energy facilities both at resonant and non-resonant energies. In this way stringent and independent bounds to the tau electric dipole moment, which are orders of magnitude below other high or low energy previous bounds, can be obtained
Measurement of the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow of charged particles in lead-lead collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter describes the measurement of elliptic flow of charged particles in lead-lead collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results are based on an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 μb(-1). Elliptic flow is measured over a wide region in pseudorapidity, vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5, and over a broad range in transverse momentum, 0.5 < p(T) < 20 GeV. The elliptic flow parameter nu(2) is obtained by correlating individual tracks with the event plane measured using energy deposited in the forward calorimeters. As a function of transverse momentum, nu(2)(p(T)) reaches a maximum at p(T) of about 3 GeV. then decreases and becomes weakly dependent on p(T) above 7-8 GeV. Over the measured pseudorapidity region, nu(2) is found to be only weakly dependent on eta, with less variation than observed at lower beam energies. The results are discussed in the context of previous measurements at lower collision energies, as well as recent results from the LHC
Microwave assisted alcoholysis of isocyanates derived from N-alpha-[(9-fluorenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl amino acids: Synthesis of N-Fmoc-N-1-Z-/Boc-/Alloc-/Bsmoc-gem-diamines

A general and efficient method has been developed for the alcoholysis of isocyanates derived from the N-alpha-[(9-fluorenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl amino acids with various alcohols including hindered ones assisted by MW irradiation. Thus, the synthesis of N, N-1-diurethane protected gem-diamines wherein Fmoc protection on one of the amino groups and Z-/Boc-/Alloc or Bsmoc group on the other amino function has been accomplished. All the new orthogonally diurethane protected gem-diamines have been obtained as crystalline solid powders in 80 to 94% yield. The bisprotected gem-diamines have been fully characterized by IR,H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR as well as by mass spectrometry
NMR shieldings from density functional perturbation theory: GIPAW versus
  all-electron calculations

We present a benchmark of the density functional linear response calculation
of NMR shieldings within the Gauge-Including Projector-Augmented-Wave method
against all-electron Augmented-Plane-Wave$+$local-orbital and uncontracted
Gaussian basis set results for NMR shieldings in molecular and solid state
systems. In general, excellent agreement between the aforementioned methods is
obtained. Scalar relativistic effects are shown to be quite large for nuclei in
molecules in the deshielded limit. The small component makes up a substantial
part of the relativistic corrections.Comment: 3 figures, supplementary material include
The fluvial flux of total reactive and total phosphorus from the UK in the context of a national phosphorus budget : comparing UK river fluxes with phosphorus trade imports and exports.

A national river water quality database of total reactive phosphorus (TRP) and total phosphorus (TP) and flow was used, together with catchment characteristic datasets (soils, land use and hydroclimatic properties), to derive national fluvial phosphorus (P) flux estimates for Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland) from 1974 to 2012. These fluvial P fluxes were compared with P imports and exports, in fertilizer, food, feedstuffs, and industrial products, along with coastal direct discharge of wastes, at the British national boundary from 1990 to 2012. The results showed that: (i) Average annual river TP concentrations in Great Britain have declined from a peak of 0.27–0.1 mg P/l and annual river TP flux has declined from 120 to 16 ktonnes P/year (0.49–0.06 tonnes P/km2/year); (ii) Average river TRP concentration has declined from a peak of 0.19–0.05 mg P/l and annual river TRP flux has declined from 71 to 10 ktonnes P/year (0.29–0.05 tonnes P/km2); (iii) Over the period 2003–2012, even after the introduction of the Urban Waste Water Directive, 60 % of UK’s TP flux was still from urban areas; and (iv) In 1990, the fluvial flux of TP from the UK was equivalent to 41 % of imports; by 2012 this had decreased to 15 %. The UK (relative to its boundary) continues to accumulate P and, over the last 15 years, this accumulation has increased at an average rate of 0.6 ktonnes P/year2. Enhanced removal of P in waste water treatment has shifted the environmental pathway of sewage P from discharge to rivers to accumulation in sewage sludge, which is largely disposed of on agricultural land, and which could eventually provide a sustained legacy source of P to rivers for decades. However, a substantial proportion of P accumulation is via food waste into landfills
Radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte Apoptosis as a Predictor of Breast Fibrosis After Radiotherapy: Results of the Prospective Multicenter French Trial.

BACKGROUND: Monocentric cohorts suggested that radiation-induced CD8 T-lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) can predict late toxicity after curative intent radiotherapy (RT). We assessed the role of RILA as a predictor of breast fibrosis (bf +) after adjuvant breast RT in a prospective multicenter trial.
METHODS: A total of 502 breast-cancer patients (pts) treated by conservative surgery and adjuvant RT were recruited at ten centers. RILA was assessed before RT by flow cytometry. Impact of RILA on bf + (primary endpoint) or relapse was assessed using a competing risk method. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were also performed in intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00893035 and final analyses are presented here.
FINDINGS: Four hundred and fifty-six pts (90.8%) were included in the final analysis. One hundred and eight pts (23.7%) received whole breast and node irradiation. A boost dose of 10-16 Gy was delivered in 449 pts (98.5%). Adjuvant hormonotherapy was administered to 349 pts (76.5%). With a median follow-up of 38.6 months, grade ≥ 2 bf + was observed in 64 pts (14%). A decreased incidence of grade ≥ 2 bf + was observed for increasing values of RILA (p = 0.012). No grade 3 bf + was observed for patients with RILA ≥ 12%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.62. For cut-off values of RILA ≥ 20% and &lt; 12%, sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 34%, 56% and 67%, respectively. Negative predictive value for grade ≥ 2 bf + was equal to 91% for RILA ≥ 20% and positive predictive value was equal to 22% for RILA &lt; 12% where the overall prevalence of grade ≥ 2 bf + was estimated at 14%. A significant decrease in the risk of grade ≥ 2 bf + was found if patients had no adjuvant hormonotherapy (sHR = 0.31, p = 0.007) and presented a RILA ≥ 12% (sHR = 0.45, p = 0.002).
INTERPRETATION: RILA significantly predicts the risk of breast fibrosis. This study validates the use of RILA as a rapid screening test before RT delivery and will change definitely our daily clinical practice in radiation oncology.
FUNDING: The French National Cancer Institute (INCa) through the "Program Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique (PHRC)"