pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins limit RIP3 dependent IL-1 activation

Interleukin-1b (IL-1b) is a potent inflammatory cyto- kine that is usually cleaved and activated by inflam- masome-associated caspase-1. To determine whether IL-1b activation is regulated by inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, we treated macrophages with an IAP-antagonist ‘‘Smac mimetic’’ compound or genetically deleted the genes that encode the three IAP family members cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP. After Toll-like receptor priming, IAP inhibition triggered cleavage of IL-1b that was mediated not only by the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome, but also by cas- pase-8 in a caspase-1-independent manner. In the absence of IAPs, rapid and full generation of active IL-1b by the NLRP3-caspase-1 inflammasome, or by caspase-8, required the kinase RIP3 and reactive oxygen species production. These results demon- strate that activation of the cell death-inducing ripop- tosome platform and RIP3 can generate bioactive IL-1b and implicate them as additional targets for the treatment of pathological IL-1-driven inflamma- tory responses
Human capital and entrepreneurial success: a meta-analytical review

Author's post-print draft version. Final version published by Elsevier in Journal of Business Venturing; available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/The study meta-analytically integrates results from three decades of human capital research in
entrepreneurship. Based on 70 independent samples (N = 24,733), we found a significant but
small relationship between human capital and success (rc = .098). We examined theoretically
derived moderators of this relationship referring to conceptualizations of human capital, to
context, and to measurement of success. The relationship was higher for outcomes of human
capital investments (knowledge/skills) than for human capital investments
(education/experience), for human capital with high task-relatedness compared to low taskrelatedness,
for young businesses compared to old businesses, and for the dependent variables
size compared to growth or profitability. Findings are relevant for practitioners (lenders,
policy makers, educators) and for future research. Our findings show that future research
should pursue moderator approaches to study the effects of human capital on success.
Further, human capital is most important if it is task-related and if it consists of outcomes of
human capital investments rather than human capital investments; this suggests that research
should overcome a static view of human capital and should rather investigate the processes of
learning, knowledge acquisition, and the transfer of knowledge to entrepreneurial tasks.The study was partially supported by “Psychological Factors of Entrepreneurial Success in China and
Germany” (FR 638/23-1) a grant of the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus
  heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV using the
  ATLAS detector

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of
isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These
final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and
aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD.
The measurement uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of
8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an
integrated luminosity of up to 20.2 fb$^{-1}$. The differential cross sections
are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the
leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: $|\eta^\gamma|<1.37$ and
$1.56<|\eta^\gamma|<2.37$. The measurement covers photon transverse energies
$25 < E_\textrm{T}^\gamma<400$ GeV and $25 < E_\textrm{T}^\gamma<350$ GeV
respectively for the two $|\eta^\gamma|$ regions. For each jet flavour, the
ratio of the cross sections in the two $|\eta^\gamma|$ regions is also
measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to
leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on
various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the
proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some
deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total
uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central
$\gamma+b$ measurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to
27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 3 figures, 3 tables,
  published in Physics Letters B, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-02
Search for high-mass Zγ resonances in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 and 13 TeV using jet substructure techniques

A search for massive resonances decaying to a Z boson and a photon is performed in events with a hadronically decaying Z boson candidate, separately in light-quark and b quark decay modes, identified using jet substructure and advanced b tagging techniques. Results are based on samples of proton–proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at center-of-mass energies of 8 and 13TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 2.7 $fb^{−1}$, respectively. The results of the search are combined with those of a similar search in the leptonic decay modes of the Z boson, based on the same data sets. Spin-0 resonances with various widths and with masses in a range between 0.2 and 3.0TeV are considered. No significant excess is observed either in the individual analyses or the combination. The results are presented in terms of upper limits on the production cross section of such resonances and constitute the most stringent limits to date for a wide range of masses
Search for dijet resonances in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and constraints on dark matter and other models

A search is presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton–proton collisions at s√=13TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 $fb{−1}$. The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6 TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.4 TeV, scalar diquarks below 6.9 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 5.5 TeV, excited quarks below 5.4 TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.0 TeV, W′ bosons below 2.7 TeV, Z′ bosons below 2.1 TeV and between 2.3 and 2.6 TeV, and RS gravitons below 1.9 TeV. These extend previous limits in the dijet channel. Vector and axial-vector mediators in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter are excluded below 2.0 TeV. The first limits in the dijet channel on dark matter mediators are presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments
Planck intermediate results. XXIII. Galactic plane emission components derived from Planck with ancillary data

Planck data when combined with ancillary data provide a unique opportunity to separate the diffuse emission components of the inner Galaxy. The purpose of the paper is to elucidate the morphology of the various emission components in the strong star-formation region lying inside the solar radius and to clarify the relationship between the various components. The region of the Galactic plane covered is l = 300° → 0° → 60° wherestar-formation is highest and the emission is strong enough to make meaningful component separation. The latitude widths in this longitude range lie between 1 and 2, which correspond to FWHM z-widths of 100-200 pc at a typical distance of 6 kpc. The four emission components studied here are synchrotron, free-free, anomalous microwave emission (AME), and thermal (vibrational) dust emission. These components are identified by constructing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at positions along the Galactic plane using the wide frequency coverage of Planck (28.4-857GHz) in combination with low-frequency radio data at 0.408-2.3 GHz plus WMAP data at 23-94 GHz, along with far-infrared (FIR) data from COBE-DIRBE and IRAS. The free-free component is determined from radio recombination line (RRL) data. AME is found to be comparable in brightness to the free-free emission on the Galactic plane in the frequency range 20-40 GHz with a width in latitude similar to that of the thermal dust; it comprises 45 ± 1% of the total 28.4 GHz emission in the longitude range l = 300° → 0° → 60°. The free-free component is the narrowest, reflecting the fact that it is produced by current star-formation as traced by the narrow distribution of OB stars. It is the dominant emission on the plane between 60 and 100 GHz. RRLs from this ionized gas are used to assess its distance, leading to a free-free z-width of FWHM ≈ 100 pc. The narrow synchrotron component has a low-frequency brightness spectral index βsynch ≈ -2.7 that is similar to the broad synchrotron component indicating that they are both populated by the cosmic ray electrons of the same spectral index. The width of this narrow synchrotron component is significantly larger than that of the other three components, suggesting that it is generated in an assembly of older supernova remnants that have expanded to sizes of order 150 pc in 3 × 105 yr; pulsars of a similar age have a similar spread in latitude. The thermal dust is identified in the SEDs with average parameters of Tdust = 20.4 ± 0.4 K, βFIR = 1.94 ± 0.03 (> 353 GHz), and βmm = 1.67 ± 0.02 (< 353 GHz). The latitude distributions of gamma-rays, CO, and the emission in high-frequency Planck bands have similar widths, showing that they are all indicators of the total gaseous matter on the plane in the inner Galaxy. © ESO, 2015
Dynamical signatures of a ΛCDM-halo and the distribution of the baryons in M 33

Aims: We determine the mass distribution of stars, gas, and dark matter in M 33 to test cosmological models of galaxy formation and evolution.\ud
Methods: We map the neutral atomic gas content of M 33 using high resolution Very Large Array and Green Bank Telescope observations of the 21 cm HI line emission. A tilted ring model is fitted to the HI datacube to determine the varying spatial orientation of the extended gaseous disk and the rotation curve. We derive the stellar mass surface density map of M 33's optical disk via pixel-SED fitting methods based on population synthesis models that allow for positional changes in star formation history. Stellar and gas maps are used in the dynamical analysis of the rotation curve to constrain the dark halo properties.\ud
Results: The disk of M 33 warps from 8 kpc outward without substantial change of its inclination with respect to the line of sight; the line of nodes rotates clockwise toward the direction of M 31. Rotational velocities rise steeply with radius in the inner disk, reaching 100 km s-1 in 4 kpc, then the rotation curve becomes more perturbed and flatter with velocities as high as 120-130 km s-1 out to 2.7 R25. The stellar surface density map highlights a star-forming disk with a varying mass-to-light ratio. At larger radii, a dynamically relevant fraction of the baryons are in gaseous form. A dark matter halo with a Navarro-Frenk-White density profile, as predicted by hierarchical clustering and structure formation in a ΛCDM cosmology, provides the best fits to the rotation curve. Dark matter is relevant at all radii in shaping the rotation curve and the most likely dark halo has a concentration C ≃ 9.5 and a total mass of 4.3(±1.0) × 1011 M⊙. This imples a baryonic fraction of order 0.02 and the evolutionary history of this galaxy should therefore account for loss of a large fraction of its original baryonic content
Transformation Optics: A Time- and Frequency-Domain Analysis of Electron-Energy Loss Spectroscopy.

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and cathodoluminescence (CL) play a pivotal role in many of the cutting edge experiments in plasmonics. EELS and CL experiments are usually supported by numerical simulations, which-though accurate-may not provide as much physical insight as analytical calculations do. Fully analytical solutions to EELS and CL systems in plasmonics are rare and difficult to obtain. This paper aims to narrow this gap by introducing a new method based on transformation optics that allows to calculate the quasistatic frequency- and time-domain response of plasmonic particles under electron beam excitation. We study a nonconcentric annulus (and ellipse in the Supporting Information ) as an example
Radiation-hydrodynamical collapse of pre-galactic clouds in the ultraviolet background

To explain the effects of the ultraviolet (UV) background radiation on the collapse of pre-galactic clouds, we implement a radiation–hydrodynamical calculation, combining one-dimensional spherical hydrodynamics with an accurate treatment of the radiative transfer of ionizing photons. Both absorption and scattering of UV photons are explicitly taken into account. It turns out that a gas cloud contracting within the dark matter potential does not settle into hydrostatic equilibrium, but undergoes run-away collapse even under the presence of the external UV field. The cloud centre is shown to become self-shielded against ionizing photons by radiative transfer effects before shrinking to the rotation barrier. Based on our simulation results, we further discuss the possibility of H2 cooling and subsequent star formation in a run-away collapsing core. The present results are closely relevant to the survival of subgalactic Population III objects as well as to metal injection into intergalactic space
Postglacial relative sea-level changes in northwest Iceland: Evidence from isolation basins, coastal lowlands and raised shorelines

Open Access funded by Natural Environment Research CouncilRelative sea-level (RSL) data provide constraints on land uplift associated with former ice loading and can be used to differentiate between contrasting ice unloading scenarios. Isolation basin, coastal lowland and geomorphological evidence is employed to reconstruct RSL changes in northwest (NW) Iceland, which may have experienced contrasting uplift patterns. Under local (NW) uplift, highest RSL would be expected in central Vestfirðir, whereas highest RSL would be closest to the main ice-loading centre under regional (central Iceland) uplift. Four new RSL records are presented based on 16 sea-level index points and 4 limiting ages from sites principally focussed along a transect away from central Iceland. The new RSL records highlight spatial variability of Holocene RSL changes and provide constraints on deglaciation. There is an increase in marine limit elevation with proximity to the proposed principal ice loading centre in central Iceland. Highest recorded marine limit shorelines are found in Hrútafjörður-Heggstaðanes (southeast), the lowest in Hlöðuvík and Rekavík bak Látrum (north), and at an intermediate elevation in Reykjanes-Laugardalur (central Vestfirðir). Evidence from Breiðavik-Látrar records early rapid deglaciation in Breiðafjörður or a complex interplay of multiple uplift centres. RSL fell rapidly following deglaciation in several locations as a result of the quick response of the Icelandic lithosphere to unloading. The RSL data along the transect show an uplift pattern consistent with extensive regional glaciation emanating from central Iceland, which could have implications for ice sheet configuration and patterns of deglaciation, glacio-isostatic adjustment modelling and the volume of meltwater input into the North Atlantic.MDB was supported by an RGS-IBG Postgraduate Research Award, BGS Postgraduate Award, Van Mildert College Postgraduate Award, QRA Dudley Stamp Memorial Award and a Van Mildert College Principal's Award. Support in the field was provided by Sam Gunter, Harry Inman, Chris Darvill and Matthew Edwards. The authors would like to acknowledge the support of NERC Radiocarbon Allocations (Allocation No. 1689.0313 and 1748.1013) and NERC TAU Support (NERC TAU78/1012) and the assistance of Chris Hayward with electron microprobe analyses. We would also like to thank RANNIS (The Icelandic Centre for Research) and Umhverfisstofnun Islands for permission to undertake the research in Iceland. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, which greatly improved the manuscript.Peer Reviewe
Long-term CIN3+risk in women with abnormal cytology; role of hrHPV testing

BACKGROUND: Many studies have examined the short-term value of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing in predicting cumulative risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or cancer (CIN3+). This study focuses on long-term CIN3+ risk after initial wait and see policy. METHODS: A total of 342 women with abnormal cytology of borderline/mild dyskaryosis (BMD) or worse (>BMD), included between 1990 and 1992, were followed-up by cytology and hrHPV testing until 1996 and monitored by cytology thereafter. Primary endpoint was cumulative CIN3+ risk by December 2009. RESULTS: Women with BMD had a 5-year CIN3+ risk of 22.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.0-29.1) and of 0.7% (0.1-4.5) in the subsequent 5 years. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with BMD had a 5-year risk of <0.01% (95% CI 0.0-5.1) and of <0.01% (0.0-5.7) in the following 5 years, while for hrHPV-positive women these risks were 37.5% (29.0-46.9) and 1.6% (0.2-9.5), respectively. Women with >BMD had a 5-year risk of 45.1% (36.4-54.1) and of 3.5% (0.9-12.2) in the subsequent 5 years. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with >BMD had a 5-year risk of 7.3% (2.0-23.6) and hrHPV-positive women of 56.6% (46.4-66.3). CONCLUSION: Women with BMD have an elevated CIN3+ risk for 5 years only; afterwards their risk is similar to the general population. High-risk human papillomavirus-negative women with BMD may return to regular screening directly. All other women with >= BMD should be referred for additional testing and/or colposcopy. British Journal of Cancer (2012) 106, 817-825. doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.5 www.bjcancer.com Published online 14 February 2012 (C) 2012 Cancer Research U
Rule induction performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s dementia: examining the role of simple and biconditional rule learning processes

Introduction: Rule induction tests such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test require executive control processes, but also the learning and memorization of simple stimulus–response rules. In this study, we examined the contribution of diminished learning and memorization of simple rules to complex rule induction test performance in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Method: Twenty-six aMCI patients, 39 AD patients, and 32 control participants were included. A task was used in which the memory load and the complexity of the rules were independently manipulated. This task consisted of three conditions: a simple two-rule learning condition (Condition 1), a simple four-rule learning condition (inducing an increase in memory load, Condition 2), and a complex biconditional four-rule learning condition—inducing an increase in complexity and, hence, executive control load (Condition 3). Results: Performance of AD patients declined disproportionately when the number of simple rules that had to be memorized increased (from Condition 1 to 2). An additional increment in complexity (from Condition 2 to 3) did not, however, disproportionately affect performance of the patients. Performance of the aMCI patients did not differ from that of the control participants. In the patient group, correlation analysis showed that memory performance correlated with Condition 1 performance, whereas executive task performance correlated with Condition 2 performance. Conclusions: These results indicate that the reduced learning and memorization of underlying task rules explains a significant part of the diminished complex rule induction performance commonly reported in AD, although results from the correlation analysis suggest involvement of executive control functions as well. Taken together, these findings suggest that care is needed when interpreting rule induction task performance in terms of executive function deficits in these patients
“Lift up a living nation” : community and nation, socialism and religion in The English Hymnal, 1906.

The lead editors of The English Hymnal (1906), Percy Dearmer and Ralph Vaughan Williams, found Victorian hymnody in need of serious revision, and not just aesthetically. This musical book was intended as an expression of the editors' Christian socialist politics involving in the participation of the congregation. This article examines how they achieved this by the encouragement of active citizenship through communal music-making, using folksong tunes alongside texts which affirmed community. This article argues that the editors wedded religion and high-quality music with a focus on citizenship drawn from British Idealism; using a cultural movement to seek social change
Developing cognitive task analysis and the importance of sociocognitive\ud
competence/insight for professional practice

Accelerating the cognitive expertise of professionals is a critical challenge for many organizations. This paper reports a\ud
collaborative, longitudinal, academic practitioner project which aimed to elicit, document, and accelerate the cognitive expertise of engineering professionals working with the manufacture and management of petroleum additives. Twenty-five engineering experts were trained by three academic psychologists to use applied cognitive task analysis (ACTA) interview techniques to document the cognition of their expert peers. Results had high face validity for practitioners who elicited hot/ sensory-based cognition, a number of perceptual skills and mental models, highlighting undocumented context specific expertise. We conclude from a peer review of findings, combined with experienced CTA analysts that ACTA technique
Longitudinal asymmetry and its effect on pseudorapidity distributions in Pb–Pbcollisions at √sNN=2.76TeV

First results on the longitudinal asymmetry and its effect on the pseudorapidity distributions in Pb–Pbcollisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider are obtained with the ALICE detector. The longitudinal asymmetry arises because of an unequal number of participating nucleons from the two colliding nuclei, and is estimated for each event by measuring the energy in the forward neutron-Zero-Degree-Calorimeters (ZNs). The effect of the longitudinal asymmetry is measured on the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in the regions |η| <0.9, 2.8 <η<5.1and −3.7 <η<−1.7by taking the ratio of the pseudorapidity distributions from events corresponding to different regions of asymmetry. The coefficients of a polynomial fit to the ratio characterise the effect of the asymmetry. A Monte Carlo simulation using a Glauber model for the colliding nuclei is tuned to reproduce the spectrum in the ZNs and provides a relation between the measurable longitudinal asymmetry and the shift in the rapidity (y0) of the participant zone formed by the unequal number of participating nucleons. The dependence of the coefficient of the linear term in the polynomial expansion, c1, on the mean value of y0is investigated