pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
MEDUSA - New Model of Internet Topology Using k-shell Decomposition

The k-shell decomposition of a random graph provides a different and more
insightful separation of the roles of the different nodes in such a graph than
does the usual analysis in terms of node degrees. We develop this approach in
order to analyze the Internet's structure at a coarse level, that of the
"Autonomous Systems" or ASes, the subnetworks out of which the Internet is
assembled. We employ new data from DIMES (see http://www.netdimes.org), a
distributed agent-based mapping effort which at present has attracted over 3800
volunteers running more than 7300 DIMES clients in over 85 countries. We
combine this data with the AS graph information available from the RouteViews
project at Univ. Oregon, and have obtained an Internet map with far more detail
than any previous effort.
  The data suggests a new picture of the AS-graph structure, which
distinguishes a relatively large, redundantly connected core of nearly 100 ASes
and two components that flow data in and out from this core. One component is
fractally interconnected through peer links; the second makes direct
connections to the core only. The model which results has superficial
similarities with and important differences from the "Jellyfish" structure
proposed by Tauro et al., so we call it a "Medusa." We plan to use this picture
as a framework for measuring and extrapolating changes in the Internet's
physical structure. Our k-shell analysis may also be relevant for estimating
the function of nodes in the "scale-free" graphs extracted from other
naturally-occurring processes.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figure
Electronic transport in disordered interacting systems

We numerically investigate the transport properties of disordered interacting
electrons in three dimensions in the metallic as well as in the insulating
phases. The disordered many-particle problem is modeled by the quantum Coulomb
glass which contains a random potential, long-range unscreened Coulomb
interactions and quantum hopping between different sites. We have recently
developed the Hartree-Fock based diagonalization (HFD) method which amounts to
diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in a suitably chosen energetically truncated
basis. This method allows us to investigate comparatively large systems. Here
we calculate the combined effect of disorder and interactions on the
dissipative conductance. We find that the qualitative influence of the
interactions on the conductance depends on the relative disorder strength. For
strong disorder interactions can significantly enhance the transport while they
suppress the conductance for weak disorder.Comment: 5 pages, 2 EPS figures included, presented at the 210. WE-Heraeus
  Seminar on Percolation, interaction and localization: simulations of
  transport in disordered system
Classical Limit of Time-Dependent Quantum Field Theory-a Schwinger-Dyson
  Approach

We rewrite the Martin-Siggia-Rose (MSR) formalism for the statistical
dynamics of classical fields in a covariant second order form appropriate for
the statistical dynamics of relativistic field theory. This second order
formalism is related to a rotation of Schwinger's closed time path (CTP)
formalism for quantum dynamics, with the main difference being that certain
vertices are absent in the classical theory. These vertices are higher order in
an $\hbar$ expansion. The structure of the second order formulation of the
Schwinger Dyson (S-D) equations is identical to that of the rotated CTP
formalism apart from initial conditions on the Green's functions and the
absence of these vertices. We then discuss self-consistent truncation schemes
based on keeping certain graphs in the two-particle irreducible effective
action made up of bare vertices and exact Green's functions.Comment: 13 pages, no figures, minor modification in few equation
Heavy Higgs Resonances for the Neutralino Relic Density in the Higgs
  Decoupling Limit of the CP--noninvariant Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
  Model

The lightest neutralino is a compelling candidate to account for cold dark
matter in the universe in supersymmetric theories with $R$--parity. In the
CP-invariant theory, the neutralino relic density can be found in accord with
recent WMAP data if neutralino annihilation in the early universe occurs via
the s-channel $A$ funnel. In contrast, in the CP-noninvariant theory two heavy
neutral Higgs bosons can contribute to the Higgs funnel mechanism significantly
due to a CP-violating {\it complex} mixing between two heavy states, in
particular, when they are almost degenerate. With a simple analytic and
numerical analysis, we demonstrate that the CP-violating Higgs mixing can
modify the profile of the neutralino relic density {\it considerably} in the
heavy Higgs funnel with the neutralino mass close to half of the heavy Higgs
masses.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Monopole operators and Hilbert series of Coulomb branches of 3d N = 4
  gauge theories

This paper addresses a long standing problem - to identify the chiral ring
and moduli space (i.e. as an algebraic variety) on the Coulomb branch of an N =
4 superconformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions. Previous techniques involved a
computation of the metric on the moduli space and/or mirror symmetry. These
methods are limited to sufficiently small moduli spaces, with enough symmetry,
or to Higgs branches of sufficiently small gauge theories. We introduce a
simple formula for the Hilbert series of the Coulomb branch, which applies to
any good or ugly three-dimensional N = 4 gauge theory. The formula counts
monopole operators which are dressed by classical operators, the Casimir
invariants of the residual gauge group that is left unbroken by the magnetic
flux. We apply our formula to several classes of gauge theories. Along the way
we make various tests of mirror symmetry, successfully comparing the Hilbert
series of the Coulomb branch with the Hilbert series of the Higgs branch of the
mirror theory.Comment: 39 pages, one appendix; v2: JHEP format, 1+35 pages; v3: published
  version, 1+36 page
Magnetic response of holographic Lifshitz superconductors:Vortex and
  Droplet solutions

In this paper a holographic model of $s$-wave superconductor with anisotropic
Lifshitz scaling has been considered. In the presence of an external magnetic
field our holographic model exhibits both vortex and droplet solutions. Based
on analytic methods we have shown that the anisotropy has no effect on the
vortex and droplet solutions whereas it may affect the condensation. Our vortex
solution closely resembles the Ginzburg-Landau theory and a relation between
the upper critical magnetic field and superconducting coherence length has been
speculated from this comparison. Using Sturm-Liouville method, the effect of
anisotropy on the critical parameters in insulator/superconductor phase
transitions has been analyzed.Comment: 11 pages, no figure, Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Constructing solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations for 2 D fields with one component by means of Bäcklund transformations

The Hamilton-Jacobi formalism generalized to 2-dimensional field theories according to Lepage's canonical framework is applied to several relativistic real scalar fields, e.g. massless and massive Klein-Gordon, Sinh and Sine-Gordon, Liouville and \phi^4 theories. The relations between the Euler-Lagrange and the Hamilton-Jacobi equations are discussed in DeDonder and Weyl's and the corresponding wave fronts are calculated in Carath\'eodory's formulation. Unlike mechanics we have to impose certain integrability conditions on the velocity fields to guarantee the transversality relations and especially the dynamical equivalence between Hamilton-Jacobi wave fronts and families of extremals embedded therein. B\"acklund Transformations play a crucial role in solving the resulting system of coupled nonlinear PDEs
Upregulation of Tim-3 and PD-1 Expression is Associated with Tumor Antigen-Specific CD8\(^+\) T Cell Dysfunction in Melanoma Patients

The paradoxical coexistence of spontaneous tumor antigen–specific immune responses with progressive disease in cancer patients furthers the need to dissect the molecular pathways involved in tumor-induced T cell dysfunction. In patients with advanced melanoma, we have previously shown that the cancer-germline antigen NY-ESO-1 stimulates spontaneous NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cells that up-regulate PD-1 expression. We also observed that PD-1 regulates NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cell expansion upon chronic antigen stimulation. In the present study, we show that a fraction of PD-1\(^+\) NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cells in patients with advanced melanoma up-regulates Tim-3 expression and that Tim-3\(^+\)PD-1\(^+\) NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cells are more dysfunctional than Tim-3\(^-\)PD-1\(^+\) and Tim-3\(^-\)PD-1\(^-\) NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cells, producing less IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2. Tim-3–Tim-3L block- ade enhanced cytokine production by NY-ESO-1–specific CD8\(^+\) T cells upon short ex vivo stimulation with cognate peptide, thus enhancing their functional capacity. In addition, Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade enhanced cytokine production and proliferation of NY-ESO-1– specific CD8\(^+\) T cells upon prolonged antigen stimulation and acted in synergy with PD-1– PD-L1 blockade. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3–Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1–PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with advanced melanoma
Study protocol: Intensive care anxiety and emotional recovery (Icare) - A prospective study

Background\ud
Survivors of intensive care units (ICUs) commonly present with symptoms of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during recovery. A number of factors have been identified as predictors of these adverse emotional outcomes, but the role of state anxiety during critical illness in the development of these emotional problems remains unknown.\ud
\ud
Purpose\ud
The Intensive Care Anxiety and Emotional Recovery (ICARe) study protocol proposes the development of a statistical model to determine the relationship between state anxiety during ICU stay and symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD at three occasions; after ICU discharge but prior to hospital discharge and at the third and sixth months post ICU discharge.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
Prospective study including adult patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary metropolitan Australian hospital for ≥24 h who are able to: (1) communicate verbally or nonverbally; (2) understand English and (3) open their eyes spontaneously or in response to voice to respond to the Faces Anxiety Scale (state anxiety assessment). One hundred and seventy patients will be assessed for their levels of state anxiety during their ICU stay to achieve a sample size of about 104 patients six months after discharge. The outcomes of the ICARe study will include symptoms of anxiety, depression and PTSD assessed by standardised questionnaires widely used in intensive care research. Demographic, clinical, and social support information will also be collected.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
The projected sample size will provide sufficient power to evaluate the association between state anxiety and adverse emotional outcomes, as well as a variety of variables that will be entered into a multivariate regression analysis.\ud
\ud
Conclusion\ud
This study will provide new evidence to improve care during critical illness and reduce adverse outcomes during recovery with the potential to decrease unnecessary suffering, promote comfort and improve long-term recovery
Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt J/$\psi$ production at mid-rapidity in
  Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

The transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) dependence of the nuclear modification
factor $R_{\rm AA}$ and the centrality dependence of the average transverse
momentum $\langle p_{\rm T}\rangle$ for inclusive J/$\psi$ have been measured
with ALICE for Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV in the
e$^+$e$^-$ decay channel at mid-rapidity ($|y|<0.8$). The $\langle p_{\rm
T}\rangle$ is significantly smaller than the one observed for pp collisions at
the same centre-of-mass energy. Consistently, an increase of $R_{\rm AA}$ is
observed towards low $p_{\rm T}$. These observations might be indicative of a
sizable contribution of charm quark coalescence to the J/$\psi$ production.
Additionally, the fraction of non-prompt J/$\psi$ from beauty hadron decays,
$f_{\rm B}$, has been determined in the region $1.5 < p_{\rm T} < 10$ GeV/c in
three centrality intervals. No significant centrality dependence of $f_{\rm B}$
is observed. Finally, the $R_{\rm AA}$ of non-prompt J/$\psi$ is discussed and
compared with model predictions. The nuclear modification in the region $4.5 <
p_{\rm T} < 10$ GeV/c is found to be stronger than predicted by most models.Comment: 29 pages, 8 captioned figures, 5 tables authors from page 24,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/158
Evidence of amplitude modulation due to Resonant Mode Coupling in the
  delta Scuti star KIC5892969

A study of the star KIC5892969 observed by the Kepler satellite is presented.
Its three highest amplitude modes present a strong amplitude modulation. The
aim of this work is to investigate amplitude variations in this star and their
possible cause. Using the 4 years-long observations available, we obtained the
frequency content of the full light curve. Then, we studied the amplitude and
phase variations with time using shorter time stamps. The results obtained are
compared with the predicted ones for resonant mode coupling of an unstable mode
with lower frequency stable modes. Our conclusion is that resonant mode
coupling is consistent as an amplitude limitation mechanism in several modes of
KIC5892969 and we discuss to which extent it might play an important role for
other delta Scuti stars
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: Ensemble
  Spectroscopic Variability of Quasar Broad Emission Lines

We explore the variability of quasars in the MgII and Hbeta broad emission
lines and UV/optical continuum emission using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Reverberation Mapping project (SDSS-RM). This is the largest spectroscopic
study of quasar variability to date: our study includes 29 spectroscopic epochs
from SDSS-RM over $6$ months, containing 357 quasars with MgII and 41 quasars
with Hbeta . On longer timescales, the study is also supplemented with
two-epoch data from SDSS-I/II. The SDSS-I/II data include an additional $2854$
quasars with MgII and 572 quasars with Hbeta. The MgII emission line is
significantly variable ($\Delta f/f$ 10% on 100-day timescales), a necessary
prerequisite for its use for reverberation mapping studies. The data also
confirm that continuum variability increases with timescale and decreases with
luminosity, and the continuum light curves are consistent with a damped
random-walk model on rest-frame timescales of $\gtrsim 5$ days. We compare the
emission-line and continuum variability to investigate the structure of the
broad-line region. Broad-line variability shows a shallower increase with
timescale compared to the continuum emission, demonstrating that the broad-line
transfer function is not a $\delta$-function. Hbeta is more variable than MgII
(roughly by a factor of $1.5$), suggesting different excitation mechanisms,
optical depths and/or geometrical configuration for each emission line. The
ensemble spectroscopic variability measurements enabled by the SDSS-RM project
have important consequences for future studies of reverberation mapping and
black hole mass estimation of $1<z<2$ quasars.Comment: 20 pages, 25 figures. ApJ accepted: minor revisions following referee
  repor
Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53 949)

General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53 949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10−9, MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10−8, AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10−9, APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10−6). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10−17). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer’s disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C
Solar Gas Turbine Systems: Design, Cost and Perspectives

The combination of high solar shares with high conversion efficiencies is one of the major advantages of solar gas turbine systems compared to other solar-fossil hybrid power plants. Pressurized air receivers are used in solar tower plants to heat the compressed air in the gas turbine to temperatures up to 1000 °C. Therefore solar shares in the design case of 40% up to 90% can be realized and annual solar shares up to 30% can be achieved in base load. Using modern gas turbine systems in recuperation or combined cycle mode leads to conversion efficiencies of the solar heat from around 40% up to more than 50%. This is an important step towards cost reduction of solar thermal power. Together with the advantages of hybrid power plants—variable solar share, fully dispatchable power, 24 h operation without storage—solar gas turbine systems are expected to have a high potential for market introduction in the mid term view.\ud
\ud
In this paper the design and performance assessment of several prototype plants in the power levels of 1 MW, 5 MW and 15 MW are presented. Advanced software tools are used for design optimization and performance prediction of the solar tower gas turbine power plants. Detailed cost assumptions for the solarized gas turbine, the solar tower plant and further equipment as well as for operation and maintenance are presented. Intensive performance and economic analysis of the prototype plants for different locations and capacity factors are shown. The cost reduction potential through automation and remote operation is revealed
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in sqrts = 8TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states\ud
with three leptons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based\ud
on 20.3 fb−1 of √s = 8TeV proton-proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron\ud
Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with the\ud
Standard Model expectations and limits are set in R-parity-conserving phenomenological\ud
Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Models and in simplified supersymmetric models,\ud
significantly extending previous results. For simplified supersymmetric models of direct\ud
chargino (˜χ±1 ) and next-to-lightest neutralino (˜χ02) production with decays to lightest neutralino(˜χ01) via either all three generations of sleptons, staus only, gauge bosons, or Higgs bosons, ˜χ±1 and ˜χ02 masses are excluded up to 700GeV, 380GeV, 345GeV, or 148GeV respectively, for a massless ˜χ01
On the Sutherland spin model of B-N type and its associated spin chain

The B-N hyperbolic Sutherland spin model is expressed in terms of a suitable set of commuting Dunkl operators. This fact is exploited to derive a complete family of commuting integrals of motion of the model, thus establishing its integrability. The Dunkl operators are shown to possess a common flag of invariant finite-dimensional linear spaces of smooth scalar functions. This implies that the Hamiltonian of the model preserves a corresponding flag of smooth spin functions. The discrete spectrum of the restriction of the Hamiltonian to this spin flag is explicitly computed by triangularization. The integrability of the hyperbolic Sutherland spin chain of BN type associated with the dynamical model is proved using Polychronakos's "freezing trick"
Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

The pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =13 TeV$ is measured using a data sample obtained with the CMS detector, operated at zero magnetic field, at the CERN LHC. The yield of primary charged long-lived hadrons produced in inelastic $pp$ collisions is determined in the central region of the CMS pixel detector $(\eta <2)$ using both hit pairs and reconstructed tracks. For central pseudorapidities (abs(eta) < 0.5), the charged-hadron multiplicity density is dN/d(eta)[charged,abs(eta) < 0.5] = 5.49 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.17 (sys), a value obtained by combining the two methods. The result is compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators and to similar measurements made at lower collision energies
Measurement of the $Z$ boson differential cross section in transverse momentum and rapidity in proton–proton collisions at 8 TeV

We present a measurement of the $Z$ boson differential cross section in rapidity and transverse momentum using a data sample of pp collision events at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $fb^{−1}$. The $Z$ boson is identified via its decay to a pair of muons. The measurement provides a precision test of quantum chromodynamics over a large region of phase space. In addition, due to the small experimental uncertainties in the measurement the data has the potential to constrain the gluon parton distribution function in the kinematic regime important for Higgs boson production via gluon fusion. The results agree with the next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions computed with the fewz program. The results are also compared to the commonly used leading-order MadGraph and next-to-leading-order powheg generators