pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the electron and muon inclusive cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents measurements of the differential cross-sections for inclusive electron and muon production in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sources=7 TeV, using data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The muon cross-section is measured as a function of pTpT in the range 4<pT<100 GeV4<pT<100 GeV and within pseudorapidity |η|<2.5|η|<2.5. In addition the electron and muon cross-sections are measured in the range 7<pT<26 GeV7<pT<26 GeV and within |η|<2.0|η|<2.0, excluding 1.37<|η|<1.521.37<|η|<1.52. Integrated luminosities of 1.3 pb−11.3 pb−1 and 1.4 pb−11.4 pb−1 are used for the electron and muon measurements, respectively. After subtraction of the W/Z/γ⁎W/Z/γ⁎ contribution, the differential cross-sections are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for heavy-flavour production obtained from Fixed Order NLO calculations with NLL high-pTpT resummation, and to be sensitive to the effects of NLL resummation.We also thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COL3 CIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Diversity of Pneumocystis jirovecii Across Europe: A Multicentre Observational Study.

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an airborne human-specific ascomycetous fungus responsible for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, affecting &gt;500,000 patients per year (www.gaffi.org). The understanding of its epidemiology is limited by the lack of standardised culture. Recent genotyping data suggests a limited genetic diversity of P. jirovecii. The objective of the study was to assess the diversity of P. jirovecii across European hospitals and analyse P. jirovecii diversity in respect to clinical data obtained from the patients. Genotyping was performed using six already validated short tandem repeat (STR) markers on 249 samples (median: 17 per centre interquartile range [11-20]) from PCP patients of 16 European centres. Mixtures of STR markers (i.e., ≥2 alleles for ≥1 locus) were detected in 67.6% (interquartile range [61.4; 76.5]) of the samples. Mixture was significantly associated with the underlying disease of the patient, with an increased proportion in HIV patients (78.3%) and a decreased proportion in renal transplant recipients (33.3%) (p&lt;0.001). The distribution of the alleles was significantly different (p&lt;0.001) according to the centres in three out of six markers. In analysable samples, 201 combinations were observed corresponding to 137 genotypes: 116 genotypes were country-specific; 12 in two; six in three; and two in four and one in five countries. Nine genotypes were recorded more than once in a given country. Genotype 123 (Gt123) was significantly associated with France (14/15, p&lt;0.001) and Gt16 with Belgium (5/5, p&lt;0.001). More specifically, Gt123 was observed mainly in France (14/15/16 patients) and in renal transplant patient (13/15). Our study showed the wide population diversity across Europe, with evidence of local clusters of patients harbouring a given genotype. These data suggest a specific association between genotype and underlying disease, with evidence of a different natural history of PCP in HIV patients and renal transplant recipients
Cultural Meaning, Advertising, and National Culture: A Four-Country Study

This document is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Global Marketing on 9 October 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 9 April 2019. The final, published version is available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08911762.2017.1376364.Cultural meaning transfer theory and GLOBE cultural dimensions were employed in this comparative study to examine the extent to which cultural meaning presented in advertisements was drawn from national cultures. Content analysis was applied to 847 magazine advertisements from England, Hungary, Ireland, and Poland to investigate whether the advertising appeals presented in these advertisements were drawn from national cultures as described by GLOBE Society Values. Results revealed that, in line with the hypotheses, there were similarities and differences in the use of advertising appeals but they did not appear to be dependent on national cultures. GLOBE Society Values were more likely to predict the use of appeals than GLOBE Society Practices, but not for all appeals. The results suggest that advertisers draw on national cultures for cultural meanings to be used in advertisements, but only to a limited extent. It may be that advertisements mould rather than mirror societal values. GLOBE dimensions may therefore be of little use when analyzing and explaining the content of advertisements
Problems of variable biomarker evaluation in stratified medicine research-A case study of ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer

Objectives: Consistency of procedures for the evaluation of a predictive biomarker (including sample collection, processing, assay and scoring system) based on adequate evidence is necessary to implement research findings in clinical practice. As a case study we evaluated how a particular predictive biomarker, ERCC1, was assessed in research on platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer and what motivated the choice of procedure. Materials and methods: A systematic review of studies completed since 2007 and ongoing was undertaken. Questionnaires on details of ERCC1 evaluation procedures and the rationale for their choice were sent to contacts of identified studies. Results: Thirty-three studies of platinum-based chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer using ERCC1 were identified. A reply to the questionnaire was received for 16 studies. Procedures for ERCC1 evaluation varied substantially and included reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (nine studies), immunohistochemistry (five studies) and other methods (multiple methods-two studies, NER polymorphism-one study). In five studies ERCC1 use was planned, but not undertaken. In nine data was insufficient to identify the procedure. For each assay there was variation across studies in the details of the laboratory techniques, scoring systems and methods for obtaining samples. Conclusions: We found large variation across studies in ERCC1 evaluation procedures. This will limit the future comparability of results between these different studies. To enable evidence-based clinical practice, consensus is needed on a validated procedure to assess a predictive biomarker in the early phase of research. We believe that ERCC1 is not untypical of biomarkers being investigated for stratified medicine. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Low frequency dynamics of the nitrogenase MoFe protein via femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy : Observation of a candidate promoting vibration

We have used femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy (FPPS) to study the FeMo-cofactor within the nitrogenase (N2ase) MoFe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii. A sub-20-fs visible laser pulse was used to pump the sample to an excited electronic state, and a second sub-10-fs pulse was used to probe changes in transmission as a function of probe wavelength and delay time. The excited protein relaxes to the ground state with a ~ 1.2 ps time constant. With the short laser pulse we coherently excited the vibrational modes associated with the FeMo-cofactor active site, which are then observed in the time domain. Superimposed on the relaxation dynamics, we distinguished a variety of oscillation frequencies with the strongest band peaks at ~ 84, 116, 189, and 226 cm− 1. Comparison with data from nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) shows that the latter pair of signals comes predominantly from the FeMo-cofactor. The frequencies obtained from the FPPS experiment were interpreted with normal mode calculations using both an empirical force field (EFF) and density functional theory (DFT). The FPPS data were also compared with the first reported resonance Raman (RR) spectrum of the N2ase MoFe protein. This approach allows us to outline and assign vibrational modes having relevance to the catalytic activity of N2ase. In particular, the 226 cm− 1 band is assigned as a potential ‘promoting vibration’ in the H-atom transfer (or proton-coupled electron transfer) processes that are an essential feature of N2ase catalysis. The results demonstrate that high-quality room-temperature solution data can be obtained on the MoFe protein by the FPPS technique and that these data provide added insight to the motions and possible operation of this protein and its catalytic prosthetic group.ERC/ERC-2011-AdG/291198/STRATU
Drug-excipient interactions in ketoprofen: A vibrational spectroscopy study

Ketoprofen (3-benzoyl-alpha-methylbenzeneacetic acid) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), always administered in the form of drug-excipient physical mixtures (PMs). The occurrence of possible interactions between ketoprofen and two commonly used excipients - lactose (LAC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) - was evaluated, through vibrational spectroscopy techniques [both Raman and Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS)]. Spectral evidence of drug:excipient close contacts, which were enhanced by aging, was verified for the (1:1) (w:w) (ketoprofen:PVP) and (ketoprofen:LAC) PMs, both by Raman and INS. These interactions were found to involve mainly the central carbonyl and the terminal methyl-carboxylic moieties of the ketoprofen molecule, this being reflected in particular vibrational modes, such as the methyl torsion, the out-of-plane C-OH bending, and the inter-ring C=O stretching. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 420-424, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The ldquoPublished Onlinerdquo date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.comhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.2051
Lanthanide(III) Complexes of DOTA-Glycoconjugates: A Potential New Class of Lectin-Mediated Medical Imaging Agents

The synthesis and characterization of a new class of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) monoamide-linked glycoconjugates (glucose, lactose and galactose) of different valencies (mono, di and tetra) and their SmIII, EuIII and GdIII complexes are reported. The 1H NMR spectrum of EuIII-DOTALac2 shows the predominance of a single structural isomer of square antiprismatic geometry of the DOTA chelating moiety and fast rotation about the amide bond connected to the targeting glycodendrimer. The in vitro relaxivity of the GdIII-glycoconjugates was studied by 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD), yielding parameters close to those reported for other DOTA monoamides. The known recognition of sugars by lectins makes these glycoconjugates good candidates for medical imaging agents (MRI and gamma scintigraphy).http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20040018
Collider production of electroweak resonances from states

We estimate production cross sections for 2-body resonances of the Electroweak Symmetry Breaking sector (in W_(L)W_(L) and Z_(L)Z_(L) rescattering) from γγ scattering. We employ unitarized Higgs Effective Field Theory amplitudes previously computed coupling the two photon channel to the EWSBS. We work in the Effective Photon Approximation and examine both e^(−)e^(+) collisions at energies of order 1–2 TeV (as relevant for future lepton machines) and pp collisions at LHC energies. Dynamically generating a spin-0 resonance around 1.5 TeV (by appropriately choosing the parameters of the effective theory) we find that the differential cross section per unit s, p^(2)_(t) is of order 0.01 fbarn/TeV^(4) at the LHC. Injecting a spin-2 resonance around 2 TeV we find an additional factor 100 suppression for pt up to 200 GeV. The very small cross sections put these γγ processes, though very clean, out of reach of immediate future searches
Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXZ Heisenberg spin
chain with triangular boundaries and the corresponding
Gaudin model

We implement fully the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the XXX Heisenberg spin chain in the case when both boundary matrices can be brought to the upper-triangular form. We define the Bethe vectors which yield the strikingly simple expression for the off shell action of the transfer matrix, deriving the spectrum and the relevant Bethe equations. We explore further these results by obtaining the off shell action of the generating function of the Gaudin Hamiltonians on the corresponding Bethe vectors through the so-called quasi-classical limit. Moreover, this action is as simple as it could possibly be, yielding the spectrum and the Bethe equations of the Gaudin model. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Serbian Ministry of Science and Technological Development [ON 171031]; FCT sabbatical fellowship [SFRH/BSAB/1366/2013
Deformation of Dijkgraaf-Vafa Relation via Spontaneously Broken N=2
  Supersymmetry II

We consider the matter induced part of the effective superpotential of N=2,
U(N) gauge model in which N=2 supersymmetry is spontaneously broken to N=1, by
using the properties of the chiral ring and the generalized Konishi anomaly
equations derived in our previous paper arXiv:0704.1060. It is shown that the
effective superpotential is related to the planar free energy of the matrix
model by a formula which consists of two parts -- the well-known part due to
Dijkgraaf-Vafa and the part that acts as a deformation of the couplings. These
couplings are those of the original bare prepotential in the action and at the
same time matrix model couplings.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figure; a version to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Biserial algebras via subalgebras and the path algebra of D_4

We give two new criteria for a basic algebra to be biserial. The first one
states that an algebra is biserial iff all subalgebras of the form eAe where e
is supported by at most 4 vertices are biserial. The second one gives some
condition on modules that must not exist for a biserial algebra. These modules
have properties similar to the module with dimension vector (1,1,1,1) for the
path algebra of the quiver D_4. Both criteria generalize criteria for an
algebra to be Nakayama. They rely on the description of a basic biserial
algebra in terms of quiver and relations given by R. Vila-Freyer and W.
Crawley- Boevey
Coarse version of the Banach-Stone theorem

We show that if there exists a Lipschitz homeomorphism $T$ between the nets
in the Banach spaces $C(X)$ and $C(Y)$ of continuous real valued functions on
compact spaces $X$ and $Y$, then the spaces $X$ and $Y$ are homeomorphic
provided $l(T) \times l(T^{-1})< 6/5$. By $l(T)$ and $l(T^{-1})$ we denote the
Lipschitz constants of the maps $T$ and $T^{-1}$. This improves the classical
result of Jarosz and the recent result of Dutrieux and Kalton where the
constant obtained is 17/16. We also estimate the distance of the map $T$ from
the isometry of the spaces $C(X)$ and $C(Y)$
The Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger perturbation series of quasi-degenerate
  systems

We present the first representation of the general term of the
Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger series for quasidegenerate systems. Each term of the
series is represented by a tree and there is a straightforward relation between
the tree and the analytical expression of the corresponding term. The
combinatorial and graphical techniques used in the proof of the series
expansion allow us to derive various resummation formulas of the series. The
relation with several combinatorial objects used for special cases (degenerate
or non-degenerate systems) is established.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure
Single top quark production in $t$-channel at the LHC in Noncommutative
  Space-Time

We study the production cross section of the $t$-channel single top quark at
the LHC in the noncommutative space-time. It is shown that the deviation of the
$t$-channel single top cross section from the Standard Model value because of
noncommutativity is significant when $|\vec{\theta}| \gtrsim 10^{-4}$
GeV$^{-2}$. Using the present experimental precision in measurement of the
$t$-channel cross section, we apply upper limit on the noncommutative
parameter. When a single top quark decays, there is a significant amount of
angular correlation, in the top quark rest frame between the top spin direction
and the direction of the charged lepton momentum from its decay. We study the
effect of noncommutativity on the spin correlation and we find that depending
on the noncommutative scale, the angular correlation can enhance considerably.
Then, we provide limits on the noncommutative scale for various possible
relative uncertainties on the spin correlation measurement.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure
Nonlinear I-V Characteristics of a Mesoscopic Conductor

We present a general theoretical formulation, based on nonequilibrium Green's
functions, for nonlinear DC transport in multi-probe mesoscopic conductors. The
theory is gauge invariant and is useful for the predictions of current-voltage
characteristics and the nonequilibrium charge pile-ups inside the conductor. We
have provided a detailed comparison between the gauge invariant scattering
matrix theory and our theory. We have also given several examples where the I-V
curve can be obtained analytically. The effects of exchange and correlation
have been considered explicitly
Planck Scale Physics of the Single Particle Schr\"{o}dinger Equation
  with Gravitational Self-Interaction

We consider the modification of a single particle Schr\"{o}dinger equation by
the inclusion of an additional gravitational self-potential term which follows
from the prescription that the' mass-density'that enters this term is given by
$m |\psi (\vec {r},t)|^2$, where $\psi (\vec {r}, t)$ is the wavefunction and
$m$ is the mass of the particle. This leads to a nonlinear equation, the '
Newton Schrodinger' equation, which has been found to possess stationary
self-bound solutions, whose energy can be determined exactly using an
asymptotic method. We find that such a particle strongly violates superposition
and becomes a black hole as its mass approaches the Planck mass.Comment: 16 pages, Revtex, No figure, Submitted to Physics Letters
Search for Supersymmetric Particles in e+e- Collisions at sqrt(s) up to
  202GeV and Mass Limit for the Lightest Neutralino

Searches for pair production of squarks, sleptons, charginos, and neutralinos
are performed with the data collected by the ALEPH detector at LEP at
centre-of-mass energies from 188.6 to 201.6 GeV. No evidence for any such
signals is observed in a total integrated luminosity of about 410pb-1. The
negative results of the searches are translated into exclusion domains in the
space of the relevant MSSM parameters, which improve significantly on the
constraints set previously. Under the assumptions of gaugino and sfermion mass
unification, these results allow a 95% C.L. lower limit of 37GeV/c2 to be set
on the mass of the lightest neutralino for any tan beta and sfermion mass.
Additional constraints in the MSSM parameter space are derived from the
negative results of ALEPH searches for Higgs bosons. The results are also
interpreted in the framework of minimal supergravity.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
Heavy Quark Symmetry in Isosinglet Nonleptonic B-Decays

We use a factorization theorem from the soft-collinear effective theory along
with heavy quark symmetry to make model independent predictions for B-> D^(*)M
where M={eta,eta',phi, omega}. Gluon production of these isosinglet mesons is
included. We predict the equality of branching fractions in the B-> DM and B->
D*M channels, with corrections at order LambdaQCD/Q and alphas(Q) where
Q=m_b,m_c, or E_M. We also predict that Br(B^0-> D eta')/Br(B^0-> D
eta)=tan^2(theta) = 0.67 and Br(B-> D phi)/Br(B-> D omega) < 0.2, where here
there are also alphas(sqrt{E*Lambda}) corrections. These results agree well
with the available data. A test for SU(3) violation in these decays is
constructed.Comment: 12 pages, appendix remove
Measurement of the fragmentation fraction ratio $f_{s}/f_{d}$ and its
  dependence on $B$ meson kinematics

The relative production rate of $B^{0}_{s}$ and $B^{0}$ mesons is determined
with the hadronic decays $B^{0}_{s} \rightarrow D^{-}_{s}\pi^{+}$ and $B^0
\rightarrow D^{-}K^{+}$. The measurement uses data corresponding to 1.0
fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
recorded in the forward region with the LHCb experiment. The ratio of
production rates, $f_{s}/f_{d}$, is measured to be $0.238 \pm 0.004 \pm 0.015
\pm 0.021 $, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic,
and the third theoretical. This is combined with a previous LHCb measurement to
obtain $f_{s}/f_{d} = 0.256 \pm 0.020$. The dependence of $f_{s}/f_{d}$ on the
transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the $B$ meson is determined using the
decays $B^{0}_{s} \rightarrow D^{-}_{s}\pi^{+}$ and $B^{0} \rightarrow
D^{-}\pi^{+}$. There is evidence for a decrease with increasing transverse
momentum, whereas the ratio remains constant as a function of pseudorapidity.
In addition, the ratio of branching fractions of the decays $B^{0} \rightarrow
D^{-}K^{+}$ and $B^{0} \rightarrow D^{-}\pi^{+}$ is measured to be $0.0822 \pm
0.0011 (\textrm{stat}) \pm 0.0025 (\textrm{syst})$
Top-quark pair production at high invariant mass: an NNLO soft plus
  virtual approximation

We obtain a soft plus virtual approximation to the NNLO QCD contributions to
the top-pair invariant mass distribution at hadron colliders. It is valid up to
corrections of order m_t^2/M^2, with M the pair invariant mass. This is
currently the most complete QCD calculation for a differential cross section in
top-quark pair production, and is useful for describing the high invariant mass
region characteristic of boosted top quarks. We use our results to construct an
improved NNLO approximation for the pair invariant mass distribution and
compare it with previous, less complete approximations based on logarithmic
terms from NNLL soft-gluon resummation alone. We find that the new NNLO
approximation produces moderate enhancements of the differential cross section
compared to previous ones, the effect being slightly more important at low
values of invariant mass than at high ones. On the other hand, at high values
of invariant mass the new NNLO corrections are dominated by even higher-order
effects included in NNLL soft-gluon resummation, reaffirming the need for
resummation in describing the highly boosted regime.Comment: 23 pages, 5 tables, 1 figure; version published in JHE