pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Training response inhibition to reduce food consumption: Mechanisms, stimulus specificity and appropriate training protocols.

Published onlineJournal ArticleThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Training individuals to inhibit their responses towards unhealthy foods has been shown to reduce food intake relative to a control group. Here we aimed to further explore these effects by investigating the role of stimulus devaluation, training protocol, and choice of control group. Restrained eaters received either inhibition or control training using a modified version of either the stop-signal or go/no-go task. Following training we measured implicit attitudes towards food (Study 1) and food consumption (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 1 we used a modified stop-signal training task with increased demands on top-down control (using a tracking procedure and feedback to maintain competition between the stop and go processes). With this task, we found no evidence for an effect of training on implicit attitudes or food consumption, with Bayesian inferential analyses revealing substantial evidence for the null hypothesis. In Study 2 we removed the feedback in the stop-signal training to increase the rate of successful inhibition and revealed a significant effect of both stop-signal and go/no-go training on food intake (compared to double-response and go training, respectively) with a greater difference in consumption in the go/no-go task, compared with the stop-signal task. However, results from an additional passive control group suggest that training effects could be partly caused by increased consumption in the go control group whereas evidence for reduced consumption in the inhibition groups was inconclusive. Our findings therefore support evidence that inhibition training tasks with higher rates of inhibition accuracy are more effective, but prompt caution for interpreting the efficacy of laboratory-based inhibition training as an intervention for behaviour change.This project was supported by a PhD studentship from the School of Psychology, Cardiff University (to R. Adams) and a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant (BB/K008277/1) to C. Chambers and F. Verbruggen. F Verbruggen is supported by a starting grant from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 312445. R. Adams was principally responsible for all parts of the paper. N. Lawrence, F. Verbruggen and C. Chambers made substantial contributions to all parts of the paper. C. Chambers was senior author and oversaw the project
Search for physics beyond the standard model using multilepton signatures in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

A search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons and any number of jets is presented. The data sample corresponds to 35 pb[superscript −1] of integrated luminosity in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. A number of exclusive multileptonic channels are investigated and standard model backgrounds are suppressed by requiring sufficient missing transverse energy, invariant mass inconsistent with that of the Z boson, or high jet activity. Control samples in data are used to ascertain the robustness of background evaluation techniques and to minimise the reliance on simulation. The observations are consistent with background expectations. These results constrain previously unexplored regions of supersymmetric parameter space.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.
Super-Rényi entropy & Wilson loops for N = 4 SYM and their gravity duals

We compute the supersymmetric Rényi entropies across a spherical entanglement surface in N = 4 SU(N) SYM theory using localization on the four-dimensional ellipsoid. We extract the leading result at large N and λ and match its universal part to a gravity calculation involving a hyperbolically sliced supersymmetric black hole solution of N = 4[superscript +] SU(2) × U(1) gauged supergravity in five dimensions. We repeat the analysis in the presence of a Wilson loop insertion and find again a perfect match with the dual string theory. Understanding the Wilson loop operator requires knowledge of the full ten-dimensional IIB supergravity solution which we elaborate upon.United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement DE-FG02-05ER-41360
Measurement of $C\!P$ observables in $B^\pm \rightarrow D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm \rightarrow D \pi^\pm$ with two- and four-body $D$ decays

Measurements of $C\!P$ observables in $B^\pm \rightarrow D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm \rightarrow D \pi^\pm$ decays are presented where the $D$ meson is reconstructed in the final states $K^\pm\pi^\mp$, $\pi^\pm K^\mp$, $K^+K^-$, $\pi^+\pi^-$, $K^\pm\pi^\mp \pi^+ \pi^-$, $\pi^\pm K^\mp \pi^+ \pi^-$ and $\pi^+ \pi^- \pi^+ \pi^-$. This analysis uses a sample of charged $B$ mesons from $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb experiment in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$. Various \CP-violating effects are reported and together these measurements provide important input for the determination of the unitarity triangle angle $\gamma$. The analysis of the four-pion $D$ decay mode is the first of its kind
La3+ - induced (micro)structural changes and origin of the relaxor-like phase transition in ferroelectric lead barium niobate electroceramics

Lead barium niobate (Pb1-xBaxNb2O6, PBN) ferroelectric materials have been and are the subject of numerous studies in literature due to their potential for wide-ranging applications in the electronic industry. In this work, La3+-doped Pb0.56Ba0.44Nb2O6 (PBN44) electroceramics were prepared and investigated in terms of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal spectra of dielectric permittivity, Curie-Weiss law, and hysteresis loop characteristics. It was noted that La3+ doping favors the formation of orthorhombic mm2 phase in PBN44, which originally shows only the tetragonal 4mm symmetryrelated phase. In particular, the PBN44 material with 1 wt% La2O3 displays (micro)structural characteristics and dielectric properties similar to those from PBN compositions lying within their morphotropic phase boundary region. Our results also show that La3+ is able to promote a change of the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition appearance of PBN44 from pseudo-normal to really diffuse. However, conversion to a diffuse plus relaxor transition behavior reveals directly linked to incommensurate superstructures present and dielectrically-active in PBN materials toward low temperatures, with an intrinsically frequency-dispersive dielectric response. This statement is also supported by observation of hysteresis loops showing a transformation trend to pseudo-slim-like, even in the normal-like ferroelectrics, when moving into the temperature region of incommensuration manifestation.FAPESPCNP
Measurement of the production of neighbouring jets in lead-lead collisions at root sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents measurements of correlated production of nearby jets in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement was performed using 0.14 nb−10.14 nb⁻¹ of data recorded in 2011. The production of correlated jet pairs was quantified using the rate, RΔRRΔR, of “neighbouring” jets that accompany “test” jets within a given range of angular distance, ΔR , in the pseudorapidity–azimuthal angle plane. The jets were measured in the ATLAS calorimeter and were reconstructed using the anti-ktkt algorithm with radius parameters d=0.2d=0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. RΔRRΔR was measured in different Pb+Pb collision centrality bins, characterized by the total transverse energy measured in the forward calorimeters. A centrality dependence of RΔRRΔR is observed for all three jet radii with RΔRRΔR found to be lower in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The ratios formed by the RΔRRΔR values in different centrality bins and the values in the 40–80% centrality bin are presented.G. Aad ... P. Jackson ... L. Lee ... A. Petridis ... N. Soni ... M.J. White ... et al. (ATLAS Collaboration
An intervention analysis on the Tokyo Grain Exchange non-genetically modified and conventional soybean futures markets

This paper examines how efficiently the price premium for non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybeans at the Tokyo Grain Exchange (TGE) reacts to an announcement to change the contract unit, suppliers, and expiration date on the conventional soybean futures contract. An intervention analysis is used for this purpose. The results reveal that the price premium for non-GM soybeans increases after the change and this effect did not disappear immediately. This implies that the two soybean futures markets did not respond quickly to the announcement and there was an informational inefficiency after the announcement. The TGE non-GM soybean futures market is one of the first segregated markets for a non-GM commodity. An intervention of clearing houses on such newly opened markets can often lead to market inefficiency so a further study is necessary in order to understand what causes such inefficiency and to find out how clearing houses can minimize the effects of intervention
Extremal Kerr–Newman black holes with extremely short charged scalar hair

AbstractThe recently proved ‘no short hair’ theorem asserts that, if a spherically-symmetric static black hole has hair, then this hair (the external fields) must extend beyond the null circular geodesic (the “photonsphere”) of the corresponding black-hole spacetime: rfield>rnull. In this paper we provide compelling evidence that the bound can be violated by non-spherically symmetric hairy black-hole configurations. To that end, we analytically explore the physical properties of cloudy Kerr–Newman black-hole spacetimes – charged rotating black holes which support linearized stationary charged scalar configurations in their exterior regions. In particular, for given parameters {M,Q,J} of the central black hole, we find the dimensionless ratio q/μ of the field parameters which minimizes the effective lengths (radii) of the exterior stationary charged scalar configurations (here {M,Q,J} are respectively the mass, charge, and angular momentum of the black hole, and {μ,q} are respectively the mass and charge coupling constant of the linearized scalar field). This allows us to prove explicitly that (non-spherically symmetric non-static) composed Kerr–Newman-charged-scalar-field configurations can violate the no-short-hair lower bound. In particular, it is shown that extremely compact stationary charged scalar ‘clouds’, made of linearized charged massive scalar fields with the property rfield→rH, can be supported in the exterior spacetime regions of extremal Kerr–Newman black holes (here rfield is the peak location of the stationary scalar configuration and rH is the black-hole horizon radius). Furthermore, we prove that these remarkably compact stationary field configurations exist in the entire range s≡J/M2∈(0,1) of the dimensionless black-hole angular momentum. In particular, in the large-mass limit they are characterized by the simple dimensionless ratio q/μ=(1−2s2)/(1−s2)
Nuclear shadowing in photoproduction of ρ mesons in ultraperipheral nucleus collisions at RHIC and the LHC

AbstractWe argue that with an increase of the collision energy, elastic photoproduction of ρ mesons on nuclei becomes affected by the significant cross section of photon inelastic diffraction into large masses, which results in the sizable inelastic nuclear shadowing correction to σγA→ρA and the reduced effective ρ-nucleon cross section. We take these effects into account by combining the vector meson dominance model, which we upgrade to include the contribution of high-mass fluctuations of the photon according to QCD constraints, and the Gribov–Glauber approximation for nuclear shadowing, where the inelastic nuclear shadowing is included by means of cross section fluctuations. The resulting approach allows us to successfully describe the data on elastic ρ photoproduction on nuclei in heavy ion UPCs in the 7 GeV<Wγp<46 GeV energy range and to predict the value of the cross section of coherent ρ photoproduction in Pb–Pb UPCs at sNN=5.02 TeV in Run 2 at the LHC, dσPbPb→ρPbPb(y=0)/dy=560±25 mb
Reducing the risk of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): Challenges and priorities

AbstractIntroductionThe safety of health care is increasingly prominent concern of the public, applying to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as well as conventional treatment. In 2009, a group of academic and clinical CAM researchers held a workshop to discuss the constraints and priorities of research into CAM safety. This group here report their discussions, and offer collaboration with practitioners internationally with the aim of improving patient safety for CAM practices and products.DiscussionResearch into the safety of healthcare presents challenges, including definitions of terms where a recent WHO initiative is significant. Particular problems that must be addressed include: the apparently low incidence of harmful incidents; the limited regulatory setting for CAM practice including the omission of CAM interventions from most mainstream adverse event reporting schemes; the widespread perception of CAM as natural and safe; the complexity of CAM therapies; interactions between CAM and conventional care; professional complacency; and the special challenges unique to specific CAM therapies such as the concept of a ‘healing crisis’. The researchers reached a consensus that the first priority for CAM safety research is active surveillance, or the measurement of actual harm from CAM. The second priority is research into beliefs and attitudes of practitioners, public and professional organisations, and what influences those attitudes; the final research area covers the procedures used to ensure safe practice, and their effectiveness.ConclusionsInternational collaboration between experts in the field, including practitioners and researchers, may be the best way to achieve the required levels of expertise.This article belongs to the Special Issue: Ensuring and Improving Patients’ Safety in Integrative Health Care
Search for physics beyond the standard model using multilepton signatures in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractA search for physics beyond the standard model in events with at least three leptons and any number of jets is presented. The data sample corresponds to 35 pb−1 of integrated luminosity in pp collisions at s=7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. A number of exclusive multileptonic channels are investigated and standard model backgrounds are suppressed by requiring sufficient missing transverse energy, invariant mass inconsistent with that of the Z boson, or high jet activity. Control samples in data are used to ascertain the robustness of background evaluation techniques and to minimise the reliance on simulation. The observations are consistent with background expectations. These results constrain previously unexplored regions of supersymmetric parameter space
Process dependent Sivers function and implication for single spin asymmetry in inclusive hadron production

AbstractWe study the single transverse spin asymmetries in the single inclusive particle production within the framework of the generalized parton model (GPM). By carefully analyzing the initial- and final-state interactions, we include the process-dependence of the Sivers functions into the GPM formalism. The modified GPM formalism has a close connection with the collinear twist-3 approach. Within the new formalism, we make predictions for inclusive π0 and direct photon productions at RHIC energies. We find the predictions are opposite to those in the conventional GPM approach
Materials Handling Vehicles; Policy Framework for an Emerging Fuel Cell Market

AbstractThere are several challenges to wide-spread commercialisation of the technology hydrogen fuel-cell technology; including reliability and cost implications, infrastructure requirements, and safety aspects of the upcoming technology.Targeted policy initiatives are required to address two significant bottlenecks; reliability and cost constraints. Such policy measures and financial mechanisms providing incentives for manufacturers and end-users of the novel technology create an initial impetus for the introduction of the forthcoming technology into the market place.The current approach, policy mechanisms and their impacts are reviewed in the context of demonstration projects, deploying material handling equipment, involving public-private initiatives
The axion mass in modular invariant supergravity☆☆This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Division of High Energy Physics of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0098840.

AbstractWhen supersymmetry is broken by condensates with a single condensing gauge group, there is a nonanomalous R-symmetry that prevents the universal axion from acquiring a mass. It has been argued that, in the context of supergravity, higher dimension operators will break this symmetry and may generate an axion mass too large to allow the identification of the universal axion with the QCD axion. We show that such contributions to the axion mass are highly suppressed in a class of models where the effective Lagrangian for gaugino and matter condensation respects modular invariance (T-duality)
Vector leptoquark resolution of RK and RD(⁎) puzzles

AbstractWe propose that three recent anomalies in B meson decays, RD(⁎), RK, and P5′, might be explained by only one vector leptoquark weak triplet state. The constraints on the parameter space are obtained by considering t→bτ+ν data, lepton flavor universality tests in the kaon sector, bounds on the lepton flavor violating decay B→Kμτ, and b→cμ−ν¯ decays. The presence of such vector leptoquark could be exposed in precise measurements of top semitauonic decays to b quark. The model predicts enhanced decay rate of B→Kν¯ν, approximate equality of lepton flavor universality ratios RK⁎, RK, and suppressed branching fraction of Bs→μ+μ−
The Lure of the island: A spatial analysis of power relations

AbstractIslands – especially small ones – are now, unwittingly, the objects of what may be the most lavish, global and consistent branding exercise in human history. This paper draws on a post-structuralist perspective to propose an understanding of “the island lure” by disentangling and unpacking four, inter-related, constituent components of ‘islandness’. These components are themselves borrowed and adapted from a spatial analysis of power and power relations, and especially from Henri Lefebvre’s treatise on spaces of production. In its ontological approach, the paper offers a different critique of the representation of islands and island life
The Effects of Humidity on Tin Whisker Growth by Immersion Tin Plating and Tin Solder Dipping Surface Finishes

AbstractThe drive to replace lead (Pb) from electronics has led to the replacement of tin (Sn) alloys as the terminal plating for electronic devices. However, the deposition of Sn based alloys as the component surface finish tends to induce Sn whisker that causes unintended electric shorts when the conductive whiskers grow across to the adjacent conductor. Internal stress is considered as the driving force that causes the growth of Sn whiskers. In this study, stress type of elevated temperature/ humidity exposure at 55°C/ 85%RH with the storage for up to 24 months was conducted to define the acceleration factor in samples with deposition of immersion Sn plating and Sn solder dipping. The addition of Nickel (Ni) under-layer was also applied to examine the correlation to field conditions. The results showed that the whisker length increased in high humidity irrespective of the deposition methods. It was also shown that pure Sn solder dipping mitigated the whisker growth but does not completely prevent it when alloying Sn with 0.4%wtCu. Additionally, Ni under-layer was indicated to be more efficient in mitigating the growth of whisker by prolonging the incubation time for whisker formation
Magnetic Phases in Sr1-x CaxCo2P2 Studied by μ+ SR

AbstractIn order to elucidate the dependence of the magnetic ground state on the Ca content (x) in Sr1-xCaxCo2P2 (0 ≤x ≤1, ThCr2Si2-type structure), we have performed muon spin rotation− and relaxation (μ+SR) experiments on Sr1-xCax Co2P2 powder samples mainly in a zero applied field. The end member compound, SrCo2P2, is found to be paramagnetic down to 19 mK. As x increases, such a paramagnetic ground state is observed down to 1.8K until x = 0.45. Then, as x increases further, a short-range antiferromagnetic (AF) ordered phase appears at low temperatures for 0.48 ≤ x ≤ 0.75, and finally, a long-range AF ordered phase is stabilized for x > 0.75. The internal magnetic field of the other end member compound, CaCo2P2, is well consistent with that of the A-type AF order state, which was proposed from neutron scattering experiments. The phase diagram determined with μ+SR is different from that proposed by macroscopic measurements. For an isostructural compound, LaCo2P2, static magnetic order is found to be formed below <∼ 130 K
A variational approach to dislocation problems for periodic Schrödinger operators

AbstractAs a simple model for lattice defects like grain boundaries in solid state physics we consider potentials which are obtained from a periodic potential V=V(x,y) on R2 with period lattice Z2 by setting Wt(x,y)=V(x+t,y) for x<0 and Wt(x,y)=V(x,y) for x⩾0, for t∈[0,1]. For Lipschitz-continuous V it is shown that the Schrödinger operators Ht=−Δ+Wt have spectrum (surface states) in the spectral gaps of H0, for suitable t∈(0,1). We also discuss the density of these surface states as compared to the density of the bulk. Our approach is variational and it is first applied to the well-known dislocation problem (Korotyaev (2000, 2005) [15,16]) on the real line. We then proceed to the dislocation problem for an infinite strip and for the plane. In Appendix A, we discuss regularity properties of the eigenvalue branches in the one-dimensional dislocation problem for suitable classes of potentials
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at s=7 TeV in final states with missing transverse momentum and b-jets

AbstractResults are presented of a search for supersymmetric particles in events with large missing transverse momentum and at least one heavy flavour jet candidate in s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions. In a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1 recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, no significant excess is observed with respect to the prediction for Standard Model processes. For R-parity conserving models in which sbottoms (stops) are the only squarks to appear in the gluino decay cascade, gluino masses below 590 GeV (520 GeV) are excluded at the 95% C.L. The results are also interpreted in an MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetry breaking scenario with tanβ=40 and in an SO(10) model framework
Search for supersymmetry with jets, missing transverse momentum and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton in proton–proton collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA search for production of supersymmetric particles in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and at least one hadronically decaying τ lepton is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in s=7 TeV proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 2.05fb−1 of data. The results are interpreted in the context of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking models with Mmess=250 TeV, N5=3, μ>0, and Cgrav=1. The production of supersymmetric particles is excluded at 95% C.L. up to a supersymmetry breaking scale Λ=30 TeV, independent of tanβ, and up to Λ=43 TeV for large tanβ