pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Water Delivery and Giant Impacts in the 'Grand Tack' Scenario

A new model for terrestrial planet formation (Hansen 2009, Walsh et al. 2011)
has explored accretion in a truncated protoplanetary disk, and found that such
a configuration is able to reproduce the distribution of mass among the planets
in the Solar System, especially the Earth/Mars mass ratio, which earlier
simulations have generally not been able to match. Walsh et al. tested a
possible mechanism to truncate the disk--a two-stage, inward-then-outward
migration of Jupiter and Saturn, as found in numerous hydrodynamical
simulations of giant planet formation. In addition to truncating the disk and
producing a more realistic Earth/Mars mass ratio, the migration of the giant
planets also populates the asteroid belt with two distinct populations of
bodies--the inner belt is filled by bodies originating inside of 3 AU, and the
outer belt is filled with bodies originating from between and beyond the giant
planets (which are hereafter referred to as `primitive' bodies).
  We find here that the planets will accrete on order 1-2% of their total mass
from primitive planetesimals scattered onto planet-crossing orbits during the
formation of the planets. For an assumed value of 10% for the water mass
fraction of the primitive planetesimals, this model delivers a total amount of
water comparable to that estimated to be on the Earth today. While the radial
distribution of the planetary masses and the dynamical excitation of their
orbits are a good match to the observed system, we find that the last giant
impact is typically earlier than 20 Myr, and a substantial amount of mass is
accreted after that event. However, 5 of the 27 planets larger than half an
Earth mass formed in all simulations do experience large late impacts and
subsequent accretion consistent with the dating of the Moon-forming impact and
the estimated amount of mass accreted by Earth following that event
Fiducial and differential cross sections of Higgs boson production
  measured in the four-lepton decay channel in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=8
  TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections of Higgs boson
production in the ${H \rightarrow ZZ ^{*}\rightarrow 4\ell}$ decay channel are
presented. The cross sections are determined within a fiducial phase space and
corrected for detection efficiency and resolution effects. They are based on
20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data, produced at $\sqrt{s}$=8 TeV
centre-of-mass energy at the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector. The
differential measurements are performed in bins of transverse momentum and
rapidity of the four-lepton system, the invariant mass of the subleading lepton
pair and the decay angle of the leading lepton pair with respect to the beam
line in the four-lepton rest frame, as well as the number of jets and the
transverse momentum of the leading jet. The measured cross sections are
compared to selected theoretical calculations of the Standard Model
expectations. No significant deviation from any of the tested predictions is
found.Comment: 11 pages plus author list + cover pages (27 pages total), 2 figures,
  3 tables, submitted to PLB, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-22
The space of local operators in perturbed conformal field theories

The space of local operators in massive deformations of conformal field theories is analysed. For several model systems it is shown that one can define chiral sectors in the theory, such that the chiral field content is in a one-to-one correspondence with that of the underlying conformal field theory. The full space of operators consists of the descendent spaces of all scalar fields. If the theory contains asymptotic states which satisfy generalised statistics, the form factor equations admit in addition also solutions corresponding to the descendent spaces of the para-fermionic operators of the same spin as the asymptotic states. The derivation of these results uses q-sum expressions for the characters and q-difference equations used in proving Rogers-Ramanujan type identities
Mass scales and crossover phenomena in the Homogeneous Sine-Gordon
  Models

The finite-size behaviours of the homogeneous sine-Gordon models are analysed
in detail, using the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz. Crossovers are observed which
allow scales associated with both stable and unstable quantum particles to be
picked up. By introducing the concept of shielding, we show that these match
precisely with the mass scales found classically, supporting the idea that the
full set of unstable particle states persists even far from the semiclassical
regime. General rules for the effective TBA systems governing individual
crossovers are given, and we also comment on the Lagrangian treatment of the
theories, novel issues which arise in the form-factor approach for theories
with unstable particles, and the role of heterotic cosets in the staircase
flows exhibited by the HSG models.Comment: LaTeX, 55 pages, many figure
Two-proton correlations from 158 A GeV Pb + Pb central collisions

The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 AGeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models RQMD and VENUS. An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing CHI-square/ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources, yielding 3.85 +- 0.15 (stat.) +- 0.15 (syst.) fm. The RQMD model overpredicts the effective source size, while the VENUS model underpredicts the effective source size.The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 AGeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models RQMD and VENUS. An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing CHI-square/ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources, yielding 3.85 +-0.15(stat.) +0.60-0.25(syst.) fm. Both the RQMD and the VENUS model are consistent with the data within the error in the correlation peak region.The two-proton correlation function at midrapidity from Pb+Pb central collisions at 158 A GeV has been measured by the NA49 experiment. The results are compared to model predictions from static thermal Gaussian proton source distributions and transport models rqmd and venus. An effective proton source size is determined by minimizing χ 2 /ndf between the correlation functions of the data and those calculated for the Gaussian sources, yielding σ eff =3.85±0.15(stat.) +0.60 −0.25 (syst.) fm. Both the rqmd and the venus model are consistent with the data within the error in the correlation peak region
$\kappa$ Symmetry of Green-Schwarz Actions in Coset Superspaces

The nature of kappa-symmmetry transformations is examined for p-branes embedded in a class of coset superspaces G/H, where G is an appropriate supergroup and H is the Lorentz subgroup. It is shown that one of the conditions $\delta Z^M \, E_M{}^a$ which characterizes kappa-symmetry transformations arises very naturally if they are implemented in terms of a right action of a subgroup of the supergroup G on the supergroup elements which represent the coset. Unlike the global left action of G on G/H (which gives rise to supersymmetry on the coset superspace), there is no canonically defined right action of G on G/H. However, an interpretation of this right action involving an enlargement of the isotropy group from the Lorentz subgroup to a subgroup of G with generators which include some of the fermionic generators of G is suggested. Closure of the generators of this larger subgroup under commutation leads to the usual ``brane scan'' for p-branes which have bosonic degrees of freedom which are worldvolume scalars
Phase transitions for the topological de Sitter spaces and
  Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole

We study whether the Hawking-Page phase transition may occur in topological
de Sitter spaces (TdS) and Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole (SdS).
  We show that at the critical temperature $T=T_1$, TdS with hyperbolic
cosmological horizon can make the
  Hawking-Page transition from the zero mass de Sitter space to TdS. It is also
shown that there is no Hawking-Page transition for TdS with Ricci-flat and
spherical horizons, when the zero mass de Sitter space is taken as the thermal
background. Also we find that the SdS undergoes a different phase transition at
T=0 which the Nariai black hole is formed. Finally we connect our results to
the dS/CFT correspondence.Comment: 17 pages, 9 eps figures, title slightly changed version to appear in
  PL
Measurement of D^(*+-) Meson Production and F_2^c in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

The inclusive production of D^{*+-}(2010) mesons in deep-inelastic scattering is studied with the H1 detector at HERA. In the kinematic region 1<Q^2<100 GeV^2 and 0.05<y<0.7 an e^+p cross section for inclusive D^(*+-) meson production of 8.50+- 0.42 (stat.)^(+1.21)_(-1.00) (syst.) nb is measured in the visible range p_(tD^*)>1.5 GeV and |\eta_(D^*)|<1.5. Single and double differential inclusive D^(*+-) meson cross sections are compared to perturbative QCD calculations in two different evolution schemes. The charm contribution to the proton structure, F_2^c(x,Q^2), is determined by extrapolating the visible charm cross section to the full phase space. This contribution is found to rise from about 10% at Q^2 = 1.5 GeV^2 to more than 25% at Q^2 = 60 GeV^2 corresponding to x values ranging from 5*10^(-5) to 3*10^(-3)$.The inclusive production of D^{*+-}(2010) mesons in deep-inelastic scattering is studied with the H1 detector at HERA. In the kinematic region 1<Q^2<100 GeV^2 and 0.05<y<0.7 an e^+p cross section for inclusive D^(*+-) meson production of 8.50+- 0.42 (stat.)^(+1.21)_(-1.00) (syst.) nb is measured in the visible range p_(tD^*)>1.5 GeV and |\eta_(D^*)|<1.5. Single and double differential inclusive D^(*+-) meson cross sections are compared to perturbative QCD calculations in two different evolution schemes. The charm contribution to the proton structure, F_2^c(x,Q^2), is determined by extrapolating the visible charm cross section to the full phase space. This contribution is found to rise from about 10% at Q^2 = 1.5 GeV^2 to more than 25% at Q^2 = 60 GeV^2 corresponding to x values ranging from 5*10^(-5) to 3*10^(-3)$.The inclusive production of D ∗± (2010) mesons in deep-inelastic scattering is studied with the H1 detector at HERA. In the kinematic region 1< Q 2 <100 GeV 2 and 0.05< y <0.7 an e + p  cross section for inclusive D ∗± meson production of 8.50±0.42(stat.) +1.21 −1.00 (syst.) nb is measured in the visible range p tD ∗ >1.5  GeV and |η D ∗ |<1.5 . Single and double differential inclusive D ∗± meson cross sections are compared to perturbative QCD calculations in two different evolution schemes. The charm contribution to the proton structure, F 2 c ( x , Q 2 ), is determined by extrapolating the visible charm cross section to the full phase space. This contribution is found to rise from about 10% at Q 2 =1.5 GeV 2 to more than 25% at Q 2 =60 GeV 2 corresponding to x values ranging from 5×10 −5 to 3×10 −3
Domain walls of D=5 supergravity and fixed points of N=1 Super Yang
  Mills

Employing the AdS/CFT correspondence, we give an explicit supergravity
picture for the renormalization group flow of couplings 4-d super Yang Mills
with four supercharges. The solution represents a domain wall of 5-d, N=2
supergravity, that interpolates between two (different) AdS_5 vacua and is
obtained by gauging a U(1) subgroup of the SU(2) R-symmetry. On the
supergravity side the domain wall couples only to scalar fields from vector
mulitplets, but not to scalars from hyper multiplets. We discuss the c-theorem,
the beta-functions and consider two examples: one is the sugra solution related
to Z_k orbifolds (corresponding to N=2 SYM) and the other is an orientifold
construction for an elliptically fibered CY with F_1 basis (corresponding to
N=1 SYM).Comment: 26 pages, Latex, 2 figures, small corrections and ref adde
Regularity of the Density of Surface States

We prove that the integrated density of surface states of continuous or
discrete Anderson-type random Schroedinger operators is a measurable locally
integrable function rather than a signed measure or a distribution. This
generalize our recent results on the existence of the integrated density of
surface states in the continuous case and those of A. Chahrour in the discrete
case. The proof uses the new $L^p$-bound on the spectral shift function
recently obtained by Combes, Hislop, and Nakamura. Also we provide a simple
proof of their result on the Hoelder continuity of the integrated density of
bulk states
A Random Point Field related to Bose-Einstein Condensation

The random point field which describes the position distribution of the
system of ideal boson gas in a state of Bose-Einstein condensation is obtained
through the thermodynamic limit. The resulting point field is given by
convolution of two independent point fields: the so called boson process whose
generating functional is represented by inverse of the Fredholm determinant for
an operator related to the heat operator and the point field whose generating
functional is represented by a resolvent of the operator. The construction of
the latter point field in an abstract formulation is also given.Comment: 21 page
Two-stage acceleration of interstellar ions due to the interaction of
  high-energy lepton plasma flow

We present the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation results of the interaction
of a high-energy lepton plasma flow with background electron-proton plasma and
focus on the acceleration processes of the protons. It is found that the
acceleration follows a two-stage processes. In the first stage, protons are
accelerated transversely (perpendicular to the lepton flow) by the turbulent
magnetic field "islands" generated via the strong Weibel-type instabilities.
The accelerated protons shows a perfect inverse-power energy spectrum. As the
interaction continues, a shockwave structure forms and the protons in front of
the shockwave are reflected at twice of the shock speed, resulting in a
quasi-monoenergetic peak located near 200MeV under the simulation parameters
CSI 2264 : Simultaneous optical and infrared light curves of young disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 with CoRoT and Spitzer - Evidence for multiple origins of variability

Support for this work was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. S.H.P.A. acknowledges support from CNpq, CAPES, and Fapemig. R.G. gratefully acknowledges funding support from NASA ADAP grants NNX11AD14G and NNX13AF08G and Caltech/JPL awards 1373081, 1424329, and 1440160 in support of Spitzer Space Telescope observing programs. M.M.G. acknowledges support from INCT-A/CNPq. K.Z. received a Pegasus Marie Curie Fellowship of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) during part of this work and received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 227224 (PROSPERITY)We present the Coordinated Synoptic Investigation of NGC 2264, a continuous 30 day multi-wavelength photometric monitoring campaign on more than 1000 young cluster members using 16 telescopes. The unprecedented combination of multi-wavelength, high-precision, high-cadence, and long-duration data opens a new window into the time domain behavior of young stellar objects. Here we provide an overview of the observations, focusing on results from Spitzer and CoRoT. The highlight of this work is detailed analysis of 162 classical T Tauri stars for which we can probe optical and mid-infrared flux variations to 1% amplitudes and sub-hour timescales. We present a morphological variability census and then use metrics of periodicity, stochasticity, and symmetry to statistically separate the light curves into seven distinct classes, which we suggest represent different physical processes and geometric effects. We provide distributions of the characteristic timescales and amplitudes and assess the fractional representation within each class. The largest category (>20%) are optical "dippers" with discrete fading events lasting ∼1-5 days. The degree of correlation between the optical and infrared light curves is positive but weak; notably, the independently assigned optical and infrared morphology classes tend to be different for the same object. Assessment of flux variation behavior with respect to (circum)stellar properties reveals correlations of variability parameters with Hα emission and with effective temperature. Overall, our results point to multiple origins of young star variability, including circumstellar obscuration events, hot spots on the star and/or disk, accretion bursts, and rapid structural changes in the inner disk.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
A network of filaments detected by Herschel in the Serpens core : a laboratory to test simulations of low-mass star formation

V.R. was partly supported by the DLR grant number 50 OR 1109 and by the Bayerische Gleichstellungsförderung (BGF). This research was partly supported by the Priority Programme 1573 “Physics of the Interstellar Medium” of the German Science Foundation (DFG), the DFG cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe” and by the Italian Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012 -iALMA (CUP C52I13000140001). C.E. is partly supported by Spanish Grants AYA 2011-26202 and AYA 2014-55840-P.Context. Filaments represent a key structure during the early stages of the star formation process. Simulations show that filamentary structures commonly formed before and during the formation of cores. Aims. The Serpens core is an ideal laboratory for testing the state of the art of simulations of turbulent giant molecular clouds. Methods. We used Herschel observations of the Serpens core to compute temperatureand column density maps of the region. We selected the early stages of are cent simulation of star-formation, before stellar feedback was initiated, with similar total mass and physical size as the Serpens core. We also derived temperature and column density maps from the simulations. The observed distribution of column densities of the filaments was analyzed, first including and then masking the cores. The same analysis was performed on the simulations as well. Results. A radial network of filaments was detected in the Serpens core. The analyzed simulation shows a striking morphological resemblance to the observed structures. The column density distribution of simulated filaments without cores shows only a log-normal distribution, while the observed filaments show a power-law tail. The power-law tail becomes evident in the simulation if the focus is only the column density distribution of the cores. In contrast, the observed cores show a flat distribution. Conclusions. Even though the simulated and observed filaments are subjectively similar-looking, we find that they behave in very different ways. The simulated filaments are turbulence-dominated regions; the observed filaments are instead self-gravitating structures that will probably fragment into cores.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Characterisation of nanoparticle emissions and exposure at traffic intersections through fast–response mobile and sequential measurements

Abstract Quantification of disproportionate contribution made by signalised traffic intersections (TIs) to overall daily commuting exposure is important but barely known. We carried out mobile measurements in a car for size–resolved particle number concentrations (PNCs) in the 5–560 nm range under five different ventilation settings on a 6 km long busy round route with 10 TIs. These ventilation settings were windows fully open and both outdoor air intake from fan and heating off (Set1), windows closed, fan 25% on and heating 50% on (Set2), windows closed, fan 100% on and heating off (Set3), windows closed, fan off and heating 100% on (Set4), and windows closed, fan and heating off (Set5). Measurements were taken sequentially inside and outside the car cabin at 10 Hz sampling rate using a solenoid switching system in conjunction with a fast response differential mobility spectrometer (DMS50). The objectives were to: (i) identify traffic conditions under which TIs becomes hot–spots of PNCs, (ii) assess the effect of ventilation settings in free–flow and delay conditions (waiting time at a TI when traffic signal is red) on in–cabin PNCs with respect to on–road PNCs at TIs, (iii) deriving the relationship between the PNCs and change in driving speed during delay time at the TIs, and (iv) quantify the contribution of exposure at TIs with respect to overall commuting exposure. Congested TIs were found to become hot–spots when vehicle accelerate from idling conditions. In–cabin peak PNCs followed similar temporal trend as for on–road peak PNCs. Reduction in in–cabin PNC with respect to outside PNC was highest (70%) during free–flow traffic conditions when both fan drawing outdoor air into the cabin and heating was switched off. Such a reduction in in–cabin PNCs at TIs was highest (88%) with respect to outside PNC during delay conditions when fan was drawing outside air at 25% on and heating was 50% on settings. PNCs and change in driving speed showed an exponential–fit relationship during the delay events at TIs. Short–term exposure for ∼2% of total commuting time in car corresponded to ∼25% of total respiratory doses. This study highlights a need for more studies covering diverse traffic and geographical conditions in urban environments so that the disparate contribution of exposure at TIs can be quantified
α-lactalbumin: oleic acid complex spontaneously delivers oleic acid to artificial and erythrocyte membranes

Human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) is a tumoricidal complex consisting of human α-lactalbumin and multiple oleic acids (OAs). OA has been shown to play a key role in the activity of HAMLET and its related complexes, generally known as protein–fatty acid (PFA) complexes. In contrast to what is known about the fate of the protein component of such complexes, information about what happens to OA during their action is still lacking. We monitored the membrane, OA and protein components of bovine α-lactalbumin complexed with OA (BLAOA; a HAMLET-like substance) and how they associate with each other. Using ultracentrifugation, we found that the OA and lipid components follow each other closely. We then firmly identify a transfer of OA from BLAOA to both artificial and erythrocyte membranes, indicating that natural cells respond similarly to BLAOA treatment as artificial membranes. Uncomplexed OA is unable to similarly affect membranes at the conditions tested, even at elevated concentrations. Thus, BLAOA can spontaneously transfer OA to a lipid membrane. After the interaction with the membrane, the protein is likely to have lost most or all of its OA. We suggest a mechanism for passive import of mainly uncomplexed protein into cells, using existing models for OA's effect on membranes. Our results are consistent with a membrane destabilization mediated predominantly by OA insertion being a significant contribution to PFA cytotoxicity