pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Direct and Long-Range Action of a DPP Morphogen Gradient

AbstractDuring development of the Drosophila wing, the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene is expressed in a stripe of cells along the anteroposterior compartment boundary and gives rise to a secreted protein that exerts a long-range organizing influence on both compartments. Using clones of cells that express DPP, or in which DPP receptor activity has been constitutively activated or abolished, we show that DPP acts directly and at long range on responding cells, rather than by proxy through the short-range induction of other signaling molecules. Further, we show that two genes, optomotor-blind and spalt are transcriptionally activated at different distances from DPP-secreting cells and provide evidence that these genes respond to different threshold concentrations of DPP protein. We propose that DPP acts as a gradient morphogen during wing development
Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in adolescent smoking: A multilevel cross-sectional study of 15 year olds in Scotland

AbstractThe objective of the study was to present socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Scotland. The international literature suggests there is no obvious pattern in the geography of adolescent smoking, with rural areas having a higher prevalence than urban areas in some countries, and a lower prevalence in others. These differences are most likely due to substantive differences in rurality between countries in terms of their social, built and cultural geography. Previous studies in the UK have shown an association between lower socioeconomic status and smoking. The Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study surveyed 15 year olds in schools across Scotland between March and June of 2010. We ran multilevel logistic regressions using Markov chain Monte Carlo method and adjusting for age, school type, family affluence, area level deprivation and rurality. We imputed missing rurality and deprivation data using multivariate imputation by chained equations, and re-analysed the data (N = 3577), comparing findings. Among boys, smoking was associated only with area-level deprivation. This relationship appeared to have a quadratic S-shape, with those living in the second most deprived quintile having highest odds of smoking. Among girls, however, odds of smoking increased with deprivation at individual and area-level, with an approximate dose–response relationship for both. Odds of smoking were higher for girls living in remote and rural parts of Scotland than for those living in urban areas. Schools in rural areas were no more or less homogenous than schools in urban areas in terms of smoking prevalence. We discuss possible social and cultural explanations for the high prevalence of boys' and girls' smoking in low SES neighbourhoods and of girls' smoking in rural areas. We consider possible differences in the impact of recent tobacco policy changes, primary socialization, access and availability, retail outlet density and the home environment
Relating production and masses of the vector and P-wave mesons for light and heavy flavours at LEP

AbstractThe production rates of primary vector and P-wave mesons in Z0 hadronic decays are analysed. The mass dependence of production rates for the bottom, charm, strange charm and three families of the light-flavour mesons is found to be very similar, allowing to relate the relative production rates for mesons with different flavours and, possibly, their masses. The strange axial mesons K1(1273) and K1(1402) might be assigned to the 1+(1/2) and 1+(3/2) levels degenerate with the 0+(1/2) and 2+(3/2) levels of the K∗0(1430) and K∗2(1430), respectively, if the observed K∗0(1430) mass is replaced by its “bare” qq̄ mass corresponding to the K-matrix pole and close to the K1(1273) mass. Then the 0+(1/2) and 1+(1/2) levels are below the 1+(3/2) and 2+(3/2) levels for the strange, charm and bottom mesons
Two-gluon exchange contribution to elastic γγ→γγ scattering and production of two-photons in ultraperipheral ultrarelativistic heavy ion and proton–proton collisions

AbstractWe discuss the two-gluon exchange contribution (formally three-loops) to elastic photon–photon scattering in the high-energy approximation. The elastic γγ→γγ amplitude is given in the impact-factor representation for all helicity configurations and finite quark masses. We discuss the importance of including the charm quark, which contribution, due to interference, can enhance the cross section considerably. We investigate the contribution to the γγ→γγ amplitude from the soft region, by studying its dependence on nonperturbative gluon mass. Helicity-flip contributions are shown to be much smaller than helicity-conserving ones. We identify region(s) of phase space where the two-gluon exchange contribution becomes important ingredient compared to box and nonperturbative VDM-Regge mechanisms considered in the literature. Consequences for the AA→AAγγ reaction are discussed. Several differential distributions are shown. A feasibility study to observe the effect of two-gluon exchange is presented. We perform a similar analysis for the pp→ppγγ reaction. Only by imposing severe cuts on Mγγ and a narrow window on photon transverse momenta the two gluon contribution becomes comparable to the box contribution but the corresponding cross section is rather small
Neutrino phenomenology and scalar Dark Matter with A4 flavor symmetry in Inverse and type II seesaw

AbstractWe present a TeV scale seesaw mechanism for exploring the dark matter and neutrino phenomenology in the light of recent neutrino and cosmology data. A different realization of the Inverse seesaw (ISS) mechanism with A4 flavor symmetry is being implemented as a leading contribution to the light neutrino mass matrix which usually gives rise to vanishing reactor mixing angle θ13. Using a non-diagonal form of Dirac neutrino mass matrix and 3σ values of mass square differences we parameterize the neutrino mass matrix in terms of Dirac Yukawa coupling “y”. We then use type II seesaw as a perturbation which turns out to be active to have a non-vanishing reactor mixing angle without much disturbing the other neutrino oscillation parameters. Then we constrain a common parameter space satisfying the non-zero θ13, Yukawa coupling and the relic abundance of dark matter. Contributions of neutrinoless double beta decay are also included for standard as well as non-standard interaction. This study may have relevance in future neutrino and Dark Matter experiments
Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV in dilepton final states with ATLAS

AbstractA measurement of the production cross section of top quark pairs (tt¯) in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is reported. Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1, a tt¯ production cross section σtt¯=177±20(stat.)±14(syst.)±7(lum.) pb is measured for an assumed top quark mass of mt=172.5 GeV. A second measurement requiring at least one jet identified as coming from a b quark yields a comparable result, demonstrating that the dilepton final states are consistent with being accompanied by b-quark jets. These measurements are in good agreement with Standard Model predictions
Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with preterm rupture of the membranes: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE I trial

SummaryBackgroundThe ORACLE I trial compared the use of erythromycin and/or amoxicillin–clavulanate (co-amoxiclav) with that of placebo for women with preterm rupture of the membranes without overt signs of clinical infection, by use of a factorial randomised design. The aim of the present study—the ORACLE Children Study I—was to determine the long-term effects on children of these interventions.MethodsWe assessed children at age 7 years born to the 4148 women who had completed the ORACLE I trial and who were eligible for follow-up with a structured parental questionnaire to assess the child's health status. Functional impairment was defined as the presence of any level of functional impairment (severe, moderate, or mild) derived from the mark III Multi-Attribute Health Status classification system. Educational outcomes were assessed with national curriculum test results for children resident in England.FindingsOutcome was determined for 3298 (75%) eligible children. There was no difference in the proportion of children with any functional impairment after prescription of erythromycin, with or without co-amoxiclav, compared with those born to mothers who received no erythromycin (594 [38·3%] of 1551 children vs 655 [40·4%] of 1620; odds ratio 0·91, 95% CI 0·79–1·05) or after prescription of co-amoxiclav, with or without erythromycin, compared with those born to mothers who received no co-amoxiclav (645 [40·6%] of 1587 vs 604 [38·1%] of 1584; 1·11, 0·96–1·28). Neither antibiotic had a significant effect on the overall level of behavioural difficulties experienced, on specific medical conditions, or on the proportions of children achieving each level in reading, writing, or mathematics at key stage one.InterpretationThe prescription of antibiotics for women with preterm rupture of the membranes seems to have little effect on the health of children at 7 years of age.FundingUK Medical Research Council
Dysregulation in level of goal and action identification across psychological disorders

AbstractGoals, events, and actions can be mentally represented within a hierarchical framework that ranges from more abstract to more concrete levels of identification. A more abstract level of identification involves general, superordinate, and decontextualized mental representations that convey the meaning of goals, events, and actions, “why” an action is performed, and its purpose, ends, and consequences. A more concrete level of identification involves specific and subordinate mental representations that include contextual details of goals, events, and actions, and the specific “how” details of an action. This review considers three lines of evidence for considering that dysregulation of level of goal/action identification may be a transdiagnostic process. First, there is evidence that different levels of identification have distinct functional consequences and that in non-clinical samples level of goal/action identification appears to be regulated in a flexible and adaptive way to match the level of goal/action identification to circumstances. Second, there is evidence that level of goal/action identification causally influences symptoms and processes involved in psychological disorders, including emotional response, repetitive thought, impulsivity, problem solving and procrastination. Third, there is evidence that the level of goal/action identification is biased and/or dysregulated in certain psychological disorders, with a bias towards more abstract identification for negative events in depression, GAD, PTSD, and social anxiety
Serum-free process development: improving the yield and consistency of human mesenchymal stromal cell production

AbstractBackground aimsThe cost-effective production of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) for off-the-shelf and patient specific therapies will require an increasing focus on improving product yield and driving manufacturing consistency.MethodsBone marrow–derived hMSCs (BM-hMSCs) from two donors were expanded for 36 days in monolayer with medium supplemented with either fetal bovine serum (FBS) or PRIME-XV serum-free medium (SFM). Cells were assessed throughout culture for proliferation, mean cell diameter, colony-forming potential, osteogenic potential, gene expression and metabolites.ResultsExpansion of BM-hMSCs in PRIME-XV SFM resulted in a significantly higher growth rate (P < 0.001) and increased consistency between donors compared with FBS-based culture. FBS-based culture showed an inter-batch production range of 0.9 and 5 days per dose compared with 0.5 and 0.6 days in SFM for each BM-hMSC donor line. The consistency between donors was also improved by the use of PRIME-XV SFM, with a production range of 0.9 days compared with 19.4 days in FBS-based culture. Mean cell diameter has also been demonstrated as a process metric for BM-hMSC growth rate and senescence through a correlation (R2 = 0.8705) across all conditions. PRIME-XV SFM has also shown increased consistency in BM-hMSC characteristics such as per cell metabolite utilization, in vitro colony-forming potential and osteogenic potential despite the higher number of population doublings.ConclusionsWe have increased the yield and consistency of BM-hMSC expansion between donors, demonstrating a level of control over the product, which has the potential to increase the cost-effectiveness and reduce the risk in these manufacturing processes
Metropolis–Hastings thermal state sampling for numerical simulations of Bose–Einstein condensates

AbstractWe demonstrate the application of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm to sampling of classical thermal states of one-dimensional Bose–Einstein quasicondensates in the classical fields approximation, both in untrapped and harmonically trapped case. The presented algorithm can be easily generalized to higher dimensions and arbitrary trap geometry. For truncated Wigner simulations the quantum noise can be added with conventional methods (half a quantum of energy in every mode). The advantage of the presented method over the usual analytical and stochastic ones lies in its ability to sample not only from canonical and grand canonical distributions, but also from the generalized Gibbs ensemble, which can help to shed new light on thermodynamics of integrable systems
Crossing Symmetry in Alpha Space

We initiate the study of the conformal bootstrap using Sturm-Liouville
theory, specializing to four-point functions in one-dimensional CFTs. We do so
by decomposing conformal correlators using a basis of eigenfunctions of the
Casimir which are labeled by a complex number alpha. This leads to a systematic
method for computing conformal block decompositions. Analyzing bootstrap
equations in alpha space turns crossing symmetry into an eigenvalue problem for
an integral operator K. The operator K is closely related to the Wilson
transform, and some of its eigenfunctions can be found in closed form.Comment: 34 pages, 3 figures. v2: some minor changes and added subsection 2.3
  on convergenc
Entanglement shadows in LLM geometries

We find a new example of an asymptotically $AdS_5 \times S^5$ geometry which
has an entanglement shadow: that is, a region of spacetime which no
Ryu-Takayanagi minimal surface enters. Our example is a particular case of the
supersymmetric LLM geometries. Our results illustrate how minimal surfaces,
which holographically geometrize entanglement entropy, can fail to probe the
whole of spacetime, posing a challenge for attempts to directly reconstruct
holographic geometries from the entanglement entropies of the dual field
theory. We also comment on the relation to previous investigations of minimal
surfaces localised in the $S^5$ factor of AdS$_5 \times S^5$.Comment: 16 pages of text, 19 pages total, 3 figures. v2: References adde
Search for high-mass Z-gamma resonances in e+e-gamma and mu+mu-gamma final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV

This paper describes the search for a high-mass narrow- width scalar particle decaying into a Z boson and a photon. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at center-of- mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 2.7 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The Z bosons are reconstructed from opposite-sign electron or muon pairs. No statistically significant deviation from the standard model predictions has been found in the 200-2000 GeV mass range. Upper limits at 95% confidence level have been derived on the product of the scalar particle production cross section and the branching fraction of the Z decaying into electrons or muons, which range from 280 to 20 fb for resonance masses between 200 and 2000 GeV
Wanting to be Anna:Examining Lesbian sporting celebrity on the L word

This article adds to the limited literature on coming out and on lesbians in sport by highlighting the presence of lesbian sporting celebrity on Showtime’s series The L Word. Through a reading of The L Word’s character/professional athlete, Dana Fairbanks, we explore the economic impetus and the racial and classed undertones of corporatized coming out narratives. We devote considerable effort to unpacking Fairbanks’ articulation that she wishes to be “the gay Anna Kournikova” and speculate on the consequences of this utterance for both real lesbian sporting celebrities and the lesbian fans that necessarily follow Fairbanks’ corporate-sponsored coming out
Education and selective vouchers

The literature on vouchers often concludes that a voucher-based system cannot be the outcome of a majority  vote. This paper shows that it is possible to propose selective vouchers (of exogenous value) such that the majority of voters are in favour of selective vouchers. As long as the introduction of vouchers does not undermine the existence of public schools, introducing selective vouchers induces a Pareto improvement. Some agents use vouchers in equilibrium to buy private education, while the poorest agents continue attending public schools and enjoy an increase in per-capita expenditure.
Breaks in the Breaks: An Analysis of Divorce Rates in Europe

This paper explores the frequency of permanent shocks in divorce rates for 16 European countries during the period 1930 to 2006, by examining whether the divorce rate is a stationary series, exhibits a unit root, or is stationary around a process subject to structural breaks. A clear finding from this analysis is that not all shocks have transitory effects on the divorce rate. Results provide evidence of both stationarity around occasional shocks which have permanent effects, and of a unit root, where all shocks have a permanent effect on the divorce rate. All of the permanent shocks are positive, and almost all occurred in the 1970s. Supplemental analyses indicate that most of these shocks can be associated with the divorce law reforms that occurred throughout Europe at that time, suggesting an important role of those policies in the evolution of divorce rates.
Banking, Credit Market Imperfection and Growth

We develop a new model that links capital market imperfection to banking emergence and economic growth. It is shown that the banking system emerges endogenously after a first stage of slow economic growth. Interestingly, economic growth increases after the emergence of banking but remains under its potential level. This is due to a credit rationing brake which decreases progressively as the economy develops. Another finding is that a reduction of credit market imperfection reduces the credit rationing stage.
Vertical aspects of sub-national deficits: the impact of fiscal rules and tax autonomy in European countries

This article offers an empirical answer to the question of which institutional arrangements can help to keep the accounts of sub-national governments in balance. I take into consideration the autonomy that these governments have in raising their revenues and fiscal rules as formulated in law or constitutions. The former works as an implicit constraint since governments with more autonomy might assume higher responsibility for accumulated deficits. The latter works as a direct explicit constraint on sub-national borrowing, but might be subject to endogeneity through preferences for fiscal responsibility. This potential source of bias is taken into account by using IV techniques for fiscal rules. Results from my original dataset, covering full information for 14 years of all EU15 countries, show that the effectiveness of tools depends critically on the federal background. Fiscal rules work in unitary countries, while higher tax autonomy yields lower deficits in federations.
Monte Carlo simulations of photohadronic processes in astrophysics

Submitted to Cornell University’s online archive www.arXiv.org in 2000 by Anita Muecke. Post-print sourced from www.arxiv.org. Copyright © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.A new Monte Carlo program for photohadronic interactions of relativistic nucleons with an ambient photon radiation field is presented. The event generator is designed to fulfil typical astrophysical requirements, but can also be used for radiation and background studies at high energy colliders such as LEP2 and HERA, as well as for simulations of photon induced air showers. We consider the full photopion production cross section from the pion production threshold up to high energies. It includes resonance excitation and decay, direct single pion production and diffractive and non-diffractive multiparticle production. The cross section of each individual process is calculated by fitting experimental data, while the kinematics is determined by the underlying particle production process. We demonstrate that our model is capable of reproducing known accelerator data over a wide energy rangeA.Muecke, Ralph Engel, J.P.Rachen, R.J.Protheroe and Todor Stanevhttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505710/description#descriptio
Ice-dammed lateral lake and epishelf lake insights into Holocene dynamics of Margeurite Trough Ice Stream and George VI Ice Shelf, Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula

Funded by NERC grant NE/F0128961/1We present new data regarding the past dynamics of Marguerite Trough Ice Stream, George VI Ice Shelf and valley glaciers from Ablation Point Massif on Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. This ice-free oasis preserves a geological record of ice stream lateral moraines, ice-dammed lakes, ice-shelf moraines and valley glacier moraines, which we dated using cosmogenic nuclide ages. We provide one of the first detailed sediment-landform assemblage descriptions of epishelf lake shorelines. Marguerite Trough Ice Stream imprinted lateral moraines against eastern Alexander Island at 120 m at Ablation Point Massif. During deglaciation, lateral lakes formed in the Ablation and Moutonn?e valleys, dammed against the ice stream in George VI Sound. Exposure ages from boulders on these shorelines yielded ages of 13.9 to 9.7 ka. Following recession of the ice stream, George VI Ice Shelf formed in George VI Sound. An epishelf lake formed at 15?20 m asl in Ablation and Moutonn?e valleys, dated from 9.4 to 4.6 ka, suggesting that the lake was stable and persistent for some 5000 years. Lake-level lowering occurred after this, with the lake level at 12 m at 3.1 ? 0.4 ka and at 5 m asl today. A readvance of the valley glaciers on Alexander Island at 4.4 ? 0.7 ka is recorded by valley glacier moraines overlying epishelf lake sediments. We speculate that the glacier readvance, which occurred during a period of warmth, may have been caused by a dynamic response of the glaciers to a lowering in surface elevation of George VI Ice ShelfpublishersversionPeer reviewe
Measurement of the total and differential inclusive B⁺ hadron cross sections in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV

The differential cross sections for inclusive production of B⁺ hadrons are measured as a function of the B⁺ transverse momentum ${p_T}^B$ and rapidity $y^B$ in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 48.1 $pb^{−1}$. The measurement uses the exclusive decay channel B⁺→J/ψK⁺, with J/ψ mesons that decay to a pair of muons. The results show a reasonable agreement with theoretical calculations within the uncertainties