pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The abundance of ultra-diffuse galaxies from groups to clusters : UDGs are relatively more common in more massive haloes

In recent years, many studies have reported substantial populations of large galaxies with low surface brightness in local galaxy clusters. Various theories that aim to explain the presence of such ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) have since been proposed. A key question that will help to distinguish between models is whether UDGs have counterparts in host haloes with lower masses, and if so, what their abundance as a function of halo mass is. We here extend our previous study of UDGs in galaxy clusters to galaxy groups. We measure the abundance of UDGs in 325 spectroscopically selected groups from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey. We make use of the overlapping imaging from the ESO Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), from which we can identify galaxies with mean surface brightnesses within their effective radii down to ~25.5 mag arcsec-2 in the r band. We are able to measure a significant overdensity of UDGs (with sizes reff ≥ 1.5 kpc) in galaxy groups down to M200 = 1012 M⊙, a regime where approximately only one in ten groups contains a UDG that we can detect. We combine measurements of the abundance of UDGs in haloes that cover three orders of magnitude in halo mass, finding that their numbers scale quite steeply with halo mass: NUDG(R < R200) ∝ M2001.11±0.07. To better interpret this, we also measure the mass-richness relation for brighter galaxies down to Mr* + 2.5 in the same GAMA groups, and find a much shallower relation of NBright(R < R200) ∝ M2000.78±0.05. This shows that compared to bright galaxies, UDGs are relatively more abundant in massive clusters than in groups. We discuss the implications, but it is still unclear whether this difference is related to a higher destruction rate of UDGs in groups or if massive haloes have a positive effect on UDG formation.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure–associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure–related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation
Multi-centre reproducibility of diffusion MRI parameters for clinical sequences in the brain

The purpose of this work was to assess the reproducibility of diffusion imaging, and in particular the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters, across multiple centres using clinically available protocols with limited harmonization between sequences. An ice-water phantom and nine healthy volunteers were scanned across fives centres on eight scanners (four Siemens 1.5T, four Philips 3T). The mean ADC, IVIM parameters (diffusion coefficient D and perfusion fraction f) and DTI parameters (mean diffusivity MD and fractional anisotropy FA), were measured in grey matter, white matter and specific brain sub-regions. A mixed effect model was used to measure the intra-and inter-scanner coefficient of variation (CV) for each of the five parameters. ADC, D, MD and FA had a good intra-and inter-scanner reproducibility in both grey and white matter, with a CV ranging between 1% and 7.4%; mean 2.6%. Other brain regions also showed high levels of reproducibility except for small structures such as the choroid plexus. The IVIM parameter f had a higher intra-scanner CV of 8.4% and inter-scanner CV of 24.8%. No major difference in the inter-scanner CV for ADC, D, MD and FA was observed when analysing the 1.5T and 3T scanners separately. ADC, D, MD and FA all showed good intra-scanner reproducibility, with the inter-scanner reproducibility being comparable or faring slightly worse, suggesting that using data from multiple scanners does not have an adverse effect compared with using data from the same scanner. The IVIM parameter f had a poorer inter-scanner CV when scanners of different field strengths were combined, and the parameter was also affected by the scan acquisition resolution. This study shows that the majority of diffusion MRI derived parameters are robust across 1.5T and 3T scanners and suitable for use in multi-centre clinical studies and trials. (C) 2015 The Authors NMR in Biomedicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Measurements of the S-wave fraction in $B^0 \to K^+\pi^−\mu^+\mu^−$ decays and the $B^0 \to K^∗(892)^0\mu^+\mu^−$ differential branching fraction

A measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay $K^∗(892)^0\mu^+\mu^−$ is presented together with a determination of the S-wave fraction of the $K^+\pi^−$ system in the decay $B^0 \to K^+\pi^−\mu^+\mu^−$. The analysis is based on pp-collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{−1}$ collected with the LHCb experiment. The measurements are made in bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system, $q^2$. Precise theoretical predictions for the differential branching fraction of $B^0 \to K^∗(892)^0\mu^+\mu^−$ decays are available for the $q^2$ region $1.1 < q 2 < 6.0 GeV^2 /c^4$. In this $q^2$ region, for the $K^+\pi^−$ invariant mass range $796 < m_{K_{\pi}} < 996 MeV/c^2$, the S-wave fraction of the $K^+\pi^−$ system in $B^0 \to K^+\pi^−\mu^+\mu^−$ decays is found to be\ud
$F_S = 0.101 \pm 0.017(stat) \pm 0.009(syst)$,\ud
and the differential branching fraction of $B^0 \to K^∗(892)^0\mu^+\mu^−$ decays is determined to be\ud
$d\mathcal{B}/dq^2 = (0.392^{+0.020}_{−0.019}(stat) \pm 0.010(syst) \pm 0.027(norm)) \times 10^{−7}c^4/GeV^2$.\ud
The differential branching fraction measurements presented are the most precise to date and are found to be in agreement with Standard Model predictions
A deviant art: tattoo-related stigma in an era of commodification

peer-reviewedIn Western society, tattoos have historically signified deviance and those who were tattooed were often stigmatized as a result. Extant research examines the nature of stigma and identifies a number of stigma management strategies adopted by people with tattoos. However, this research was conducted at a time when tattoo art was largely confined to particular groups and members of society. In recent years tattooing has transformed dramatically, such that the practice has become commodified and embedded in everyday production and consumption practices. Consequently, our study examines the changing nature of tattoo-related stigma, and the subsequent impact this has had on the strategies employed by consumers to manage this stigma. Emerging stigma management strategies are identified and discussed within the context of an emergent stigma, the "stigma of the commodity."ACCEPTEDpeer-reviewe
Search for a Higgs boson in the mass range from 145 to 1000 GeV decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons

A search for a heavy Higgs boson in the H → WW and H → ZZ decay channels is reported. The search is based upon proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 fb⁻¹ at √ s = 7 TeV and up to 19.7fb−1at √ s = 8 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Several final states of the H → WW and H → ZZ decays are analyzed. The combined upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the product of the cross section and branching fraction exclude a Higgs boson with standard model-like couplings and decays in the range 145 < mH< 1000 GeV. We also interpret the results in the context of an electroweak singlet extension of the standard model.[Figure not available: see fulltext.
Endogenous rhythm of absence epilepsy: Relationship with general motor activity and sleep-wake states

Contains fulltext :
                  99307.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The rhythms of spontaneously occurring seizures (spike-wave discharges, SWD) and motor activity, as well as the relationship between SWD and sleep-wake states were investigated in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy. In order to establish whether SWD are controlled by external (Zeitgebers) or by endogenous factors such as circadian influences or the state of vigilance, the study was performed in entrained and constant dim light conditions.
EEG and motor activity were recorded in the 12:12 light dark cycle and in constant dim light conditions. Circadian rhythmicity was found both for motor activity and the occurrence of SWD in conditions of entrainment. In constant dim light conditions also circadian rhythms emerged, however, the change in circadian parameters was opposite for the rhythm of SWD and motor activity. SWD were preceded mostly by passive wakefulness and by slow-wave sleep in both experimental conditions.
It can be concluded that the rhythm of SWD seems to be generated and controlled by an endogenous mechanism distinct from that which controls the rhythm of motor activity. The relationship between SWD and sleep-wake states preceding their occurrences appeared to be unchanged, suggesting that the mechanism of generation of SWD is independent of the circadian timing system
An evolutionary study of the pulsating subdwarf B eclipsing binary
  PG1336-018 (NY Vir)

The formation of subdwarf B (sdB) stars is not well understood within the
current framework of stellar single and binary evolution. In this study, we
focus on the formation and evolution of the pulsating sdB star in the very
short-period eclipsing binary PG1336-018. We aim at refining the formation
scenario of this unique system, so that it can be confronted with observations.
We probe the stellar structure of the progenitors of sdB stars in short-period
binaries using detailed stellar evolution calculations. Applying this to
PG1336-018 we reconstruct the common-envelope phase during which the sdB star
was formed. The results are interpreted in terms of the standard
common-envelope formalism (the alpha-formalism) based on the energy equation,
and an alternative description (the gamma-formalism) using the angular momentum
equation. We find that if the common-envelope evolution is described by the
alpha-formalism, the sdB progenitor most likely experienced a helium flash. We
then expect the sdB mass to be between 0.39 and 0.48 Msun, and the sdB
progenitor initial mass to be below ~2 Msun. However, the results for the
gamma-formalism are less restrictive, and a broader sdB mass range (0.3 - 0.8
Msun) is possible in this case. Future seismic mass determination will give
strong constraints on the formation of PG1336-018 and, in particular, on the CE
phase.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&
Holographic entanglement plateaux.

We consider the entanglement entropy for holographic field theories in finite volume. We show that the Araki-Lieb inequality is saturated for large enough subregions, implying that the thermal entropy can be recovered from the knowledge of the region and its complement. We observe that this actually is forced upon us in holographic settings due to non-trivial features of the causal wedges associated with a given boundary region. In the process, we present an infinite set of extremal surfaces in Schwarzschild-AdS geometry anchored on a given entangling surface. We also offer some speculations regarding the homology constraint required for computing holographic entanglement entropy
MAGIC observations of the giant radio galaxy M 87 in a low-emission state between 2005 and 2007

Context. We present the results of a long M 87 monitoring campaign in very high energy.-rays with the MAGIC-I Cherenkov telescope. Aims. We aim to model the persistent non-thermal jet emission by monitoring and characterizing the very high energy gamma-ray emission of M 87 during a low state. Methods. A total of 150 h of data were taken between 2005 and 2007 with the single MAGIC-I telescope, out of which 128.6 h survived the data quality selection. We also collected data in the X-ray and Fermi-LAT bands from the literature (partially contemporaneous). Results. No flaring activity was found during the campaign. The source was found to be in a persistent low-emission state, which was at a confidence level of 7 sigma. We present the spectrum between 100 GeV and 2 TeV, which is consistent with a simple power law with a photon index Gamma = 2.21 +/- 0.21 and a flux normalization at 300GeV of (7.7 +/- 1.3) x 10(-8) TeV-1 s(-1) m(-2). The extrapolation of the MAGIC spectrum into the GeV energy range matches the previously published Fermi-LAT spectrum well, covering a combined energy range of four orders of magnitude with the same spectral index. We model the broad band energy spectrum with a spine layer model, which can satisfactorily describe our data
“I drove after drinking alcohol” and other risky driving behaviours reported by young novice drivers in Queensland, Australia

Background. \ud
Volitional risky driving behaviours such as drink- and drug-driving (i.e. substance-impaired driving) and speeding contribute to the overrepresentation of young novice drivers in road crash fatalities, and crash risk is greatest during the first year of independent driving in particular.\ud
\ud
Aims. \ud
To explore the: \ud
1) self-reported compliance of drivers with road rules regarding substance-impaired driving and other risky driving behaviours (e.g., speeding, driving while tired), one year after progression from a Learner to a Provisional (intermediate) licence; and \ud
2) interrelationships between substance-impaired driving and other risky driving behaviours (e.g., crashes, offences, and Police avoidance).\ud
\ud
Methods. \ud
Drivers (n = 1,076; 319 males) aged 18-20 years were surveyed regarding their sociodemographics (age, gender) and self-reported driving behaviours including crashes, offences, Police avoidance, and driving intentions.\ud
 \ud
Results. \ud
A relatively small proportion of participants reported driving after taking drugs (6.3% of males, 1.3% of females) and drinking alcohol (18.5% of males, 11.8% of females). In comparison, a considerable proportion of participants reported at least occasionally exceeding speed limits (86.7% of novices), and risky behaviours like driving when tired (83.6% of novices). Substance-impaired driving was associated with avoiding Police, speeding, risky driving intentions, and self-reported crashes and offences. Forty-three percent of respondents who drove after taking drugs also reported alcohol-impaired driving.\ud
\ud
Discussion and Conclusions. \ud
Behaviours of concern include drink driving, speeding, novice driving errors such as misjudging the speed of oncoming vehicles, violations of graduated driver licensing passenger restrictions, driving tired, driving faster if in a bad mood, and active punishment avoidance. Given the interrelationships between the risky driving behaviours, a deeper understanding of influential factors is required to inform targeted and general countermeasure implementation and evaluation during this critical driving period. Notwithstanding this, a combination of enforcement, education, and engineering efforts appear necessary to improve the road safety of the young novice driver, and for the drink-driving young novice driver in particular
Endocytosis and early endosome motility in filamentous fungi.

types: REVIEWOpen Access funded by Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilHyphal growth of filamentous fungi requires microtubule-based long-distance motility of early endosomes. Since the discovery of this process in Ustilago maydis, our understanding of its molecular basis and biological function has greatly advanced. Studies in U. maydis and Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay of the motor proteins kinesin-3 and dynein, which co-operate to support bi-directional motion of early endosomes. Genetic screening has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning motor regulation, revealing Hook protein as general motor adapters on early endosomes. Recently, fascinating insight into unexpected roles for endosome motility has emerged. This includes septin filament formation and cellular distribution of the machinery for protein translation.BBSR
Surface-induced magnetism in C-doped SnO$_{2}$

The magnetism of C-doped SnO$_{2}$ (001) surfaces is studied using
first-principles calculations. It is found that carbon does not induce
magnetism in bulk SnO$_{2}$ when located at the oxygen site, but shows a large
magnetic moment at the SnO$_{2}$ (001) surface. The magnetic moment is mainly
contributed by the carbon atoms due to empty minority spins of $p$ orbitals and
is localized at the surface and subsurface atoms. No magnetism is observed when
the carbon atom is located at the subsurface oxygen sites. The origin of
magnetism is discussed in the context of surface bonding.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figure
Inelastic x-ray scattering investigations of lattice dynamics in
  SmFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_y$ superconductors

We report measurements of the phonon density of states as measured with
inelastic x-ray scattering in SmFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_y$ powders. An unexpected
strong renormalization of phonon branches around 23 meV is observed as fluorine
is substituted for oxygen. Phonon dispersion measurements on
SmFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_y$ single crystals allow us to identify the 21 meV A$_{1g}$
in-phase (Sm,As) and the 26 meV B$_{1g}$ (Fe,O) modes to be responsible for
this renormalization, and may reveal unusual electron-phonon coupling through
the spin channel in iron-based superconductors.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted for SNS2010 conference proceeding
Fixed boundary conditions analysis of the 3d Gonihedric Ising model with
  $\kappa=0$

The Gonihedric Ising model is a particular case of the class of models
defined by Savvidy and Wegner intended as discrete versions of string theories
on cubic lattices. In this paper we perform a high statistics analysis of the
phase transition exhibited by the 3d Gonihedric Ising model with $k=0$ in the
light of a set of recently stated scaling laws applicable to first order phase
transitions with fixed boundary conditions. Even though qualitative evidence
was presented in a previous paper to support the existence of a first order
phase transition at $k=0$, only now are we capable of pinpointing the
transition inverse temperature at $\beta_c = 0.54757(63)$ and of checking the
scaling of standard observables.Comment: 14 pages, 5 tables, 2 figures, uses elsart.cls packag
Superconducting and charge-density wave instabilities in
  ultrasmall-radius carbon nanotubes

We perform a detailed analysis of the band structure, phonon dispersion, and
electron-phonon coupling of three types of small-radius carbon nanotubes
(CNTs): (5,0), (6,0), and (5,5) with diameters 3.9, 4.7, and 6.8 \AA
respectively. The large curvature of the (5,0) CNTs makes them metallic with a
large density of states at the Fermi energy. The density of states is also
strongly enhanced for the (6,0) CNTs compared to the results obtained from the
zone-folding method. For the (5,5) CNTs the electron-phonon interaction is
dominated by the in-plane optical phonons, while for the ultrasmall (5,0) and
(6,0) CNTs the main coupling is to the out-of-plane optical phonon modes. We
calculate electron-phonon interaction strengths for all three types of CNTs and
analyze possible instabilities toward superconducting and charge-density wave
phases. For the smallest (5,0) nanotube, in the mean-field approximation and
neglecting Coulomb interactions, we find that the charge-density wave
transition temperature greatly exceeds the superconducting one. When we include
a realistic model of the Coulomb interaction we find that the charge-density
wave is suppressed to very low temperatures, making superconductivity dominant
with the mean-field transition temperature around one K. For the (6,0) nanotube
the charge-density wave dominates even with the inclusion of Coulomb
interactions and we find the mean-field transition temperature to be around
five Kelvin. We find that the larger radius (5,5) nanotube is stable against
superconducting and charge-density wave orders at all realistic temperatures.Comment: 5 pages. 2 figure
Novel Scaling Relation of the Energy Spacing Distribution in
  Quantum-Hall Systems

The shape analysis of the energy spacing distribution $P(s)$ obtained from
numerical simulation of two dimensional disordered electron systems subject to
strong magnetic fields is performed. In the present work we reanalyze the data
obtained in a previous publication. Special moments of the $P(s)$ function
related to R\'enyi-entropy differences show a novel scale invariant relation
that is attributed to the presence of one-parameter scaling. This relation
seems to show both deviations and universality depending on which Landau-band
is considered and whether the disorder is correlated or uncorrelated.
Furthermore, our analysis shows the existence of an huge, however, irrelevant
length scale in the case of the second lowest Landau-band and no disorder
correlations that completely disappears with the introduction of disorder
correlations on the range of one magnetic length.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, 2 figure
Coulomb-correlation effects on the non-linear optical properties of
  realistic quantum wires

We review recent results on the linear and non-linear optical response of
realistic quantum-wire structures. Our theoretical approach is based on a set
of generalized semiconductor Bloch equations, and allows a full
three-dimensional multisubband description of Coulomb correlation for any shape
of the confinement profile, thus permitting a direct comparison with
experiments for available state-of-the-art wire structures.
  Our results show that electron-hole Coulomb correlation removes the
one-dimensional band-edge singularities from the absorption spectra, whose
shape results to be heavily modified with respect to the ideal free-particle
case over the whole range of photoexcited carrier densities.Comment: Proc. HCIS-10, Berlin, 1997 (To appear in Phys. Stat. Sol. (b)
Measurement of subjet multiplicities in neutral current deep inelastic
  scattering at HERA and determination of $\alpha_s$

The subjet multiplicity has been measured in neutral current e+p interactions
at Q**2 > 125 GeV**2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated
luminosity of 38.6 pb-1. Jets were identified in the laboratory frame using the
longitudinally invariant K_T cluster algorithm. The number of jet-like
substructures within jets, known as the subjet multiplicity, is defined as the
number of clusters resolved in a jet by reapplying the jet algorithm at a
smaller resolution scale y_cut. Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity, <
n_sbj >, for jets with transverse energies E_T,jet >15 GeV are presented.
Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations describe the measurements
well. The value of alpha_s(M_Z), determined from < n_sbj > at y_cut=10**-2 for
jets with 25 < E_T,jet < 71 GeV, is alpha_s (M_Z) = 0.1187 +/- 0.0017 (stat.)
+0.0024 / -0.0009 (syst.) +0.0093 / -0.0076 (th.).Comment: 27 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; submitted to Phys. Let