pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Development of the Implied Terms on Quantity in the Law of Sale of Goods

The history of the development of the implied terms on short delivery is a complex story of\ud
judicial and academic ignorance of law and facts. Sir Mackenzie Chalmers’ statutory\ud
formulation of the right to correct delivery was the same as that provided in Judah\ud
Benjamin’s 1868 work on sales. However, Benjamin’s formulation was flawed, which led to a\ud
highly unsatisfactory rule of law. This article considers the history of the case law on short\ud
delivery, leading up to the 1893 codification. The operation of the statutory rule further\ud
illustrates the depth of confusion which remained following codification. A comparison with\ud
the history of short delivery in the United States demonstrates that the confusion within the\ud
English system could easily have been avoided.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Determination of $|V_{ub}|$ from exclusive baryonic $B$ decays

We use the exclusive baryonic $B$ decays to determine the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $V_{ub}$. From the relation
$|V_{ub}|^2/|V_{cb}|^2=({\cal B}_\pi/{\cal B}_D){\cal R}_{ff}$ based on $B^-\to
p\bar p \pi^-$ and $\bar B^0\to p\bar p D^0$ decays, where $|V_{cb}|$ and
${\cal B}_\pi/{\cal B}_D\equiv{\cal B}(B^-\to p\bar p \pi^-)/{\cal B}(\bar
B^0\to p\bar p D^0)$ are the data input parameters, while ${\cal R}_{ff}$ is
the one fixed by the $B\to p\bar p$ transition matrix elements, we find
$|V_{ub}|=(3.48^{+0.87}_{-0.63}\pm 0.40\pm 0.07)\times 10^{-3}$ with the errors
corresponding to the uncertainties from ${\cal R}_{ff}$, ${\cal B}_\pi/{\cal
B}_D$ and $|V_{cb}|$, respectively. Being independent of the previous results,
our determination of $|V_{ub}|$ has the central value close to those from the
exclusive $\bar B\to \pi\ell\bar \nu_\ell$ and $\Lambda_b\to p\mu^-\bar
\nu_\mu$ decays, but overlaps the one from the inclusive $\bar B\to X_u
\ell\bar \nu_\ell$ with the current uncertainties. The extraction of $|V_{ub}|$
in the baryonic $B$ decays is clearly very useful for the complete
determination of the CKM matrix elements as well as the exploration of new
physics.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, revised version accepted for publication in PL
Scalar 3-point functions in CFT: renormalisation, beta functions and
  anomalies

We present a comprehensive discussion of renormalisation of 3-point functions
of scalar operators in conformal field theories in general dimension. We have
previously shown that conformal symmetry uniquely determines the momentum-space
3-point functions in terms of certain integrals involving a product of three
Bessel functions (triple-K integrals). The triple-K integrals diverge when the
dimensions of operators satisfy certain relations and we discuss how to obtain
renormalised 3-point functions in all cases. There are three different types of
divergences: ultralocal, semilocal and nonlocal, and a given divergent triple-K
integral may have any combination of them. Ultralocal divergences may be
removed using local counterterms and this results in new conformal anomalies.
Semilocal divergences may be removed by renormalising the sources, and this
results in CFT correlators that satisfy Callan-Symanzik equations with beta
functions. In the case of non-local divergences, it is the triple-K
representation that is singular, not the 3-point function. Here, the CFT
correlator is the coefficient of the leading nonlocal singularity, which
satisfies all the expected conformal Ward identities. Such correlators exhibit
enhanced symmetry: they are also invariant under dual conformal transformations
where the momenta play the role of coordinates. When both anomalies and beta
functions are present the correlators exhibit novel analytic structure
containing products of logarithms of momenta. We illustrate our discussion with
numerous examples, including free field realisations and AdS/CFT computations.Comment: 75 pages, 4 figures; v2: added comments and references, published
  versio
Scale invariance of the eta-deformed AdS5 x S5 superstring, T-duality
  and modified type II equations

We consider the ABF background underlying the eta-deformed AdS5 x S5 sigma
model. This background fails to satisfy the standard IIB supergravity equations
which indicates that the corresponding sigma model is not Weyl invariant, i.e.
does not define a critical string theory in the usual sense. We argue that the
ABF background should still correspond to UV finite theory on a flat 2d
world-sheet, implying that the eta-deformed model is scale invariant. This
property follows from the formal relation via T-duality between the
eta-deformed model and the one defined by an exact type IIB supergravity
solution that has 6 isometries albeit broken by a linear dilaton. We find that
the ABF background satisfies candidate type IIB scale invariance conditions
which for the R-R field strengths are of the second order in derivatives.
Surprisingly, we also find that the this background obeys an interesting
modification of the standard IIB supergravity equations that are first order in
derivatives of R-R fields. These modified equations explicitly depend on
Killing vectors of the ABF background and, although not universal, imply the
universal scale invariance conditions. Moreover, we show that it is precisely
the non-isometric dilaton of the T-dual solution that leads, after the
T-duality, to a modification of type II equations from their standard form. We
conjecture that the modified equations should follow from kappa-symmetry of the
eta-deformed model. All our observations apply also to eta-deformations of AdS3
x S3 and AdS2 x S2 models.Comment: 40 pages; v2: comments added and typos corrected, 41 page
Cornering diphoton resonance models at the LHC

We explore the ability of the high luminosity LHC to test models which can
explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess. We focus on a wide class of models where a
750 GeV singlet scalar couples to Standard Model gauge bosons and quarks, as
well as dark matter. Including both gluon and photon fusion production
mechanisms, we show that LHC searches in channels correlated with the diphoton
signal will be able to probe wide classes of diphoton models with $\mathcal{L}
\sim 3000\, \text{fb}^{-1}$ of data. Furthermore, models in which the scalar is
a portal to the dark sector can be cornered with as little as $\mathcal{L} \sim
30\, \text{fb}^{-1}$.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
Buparvaquone is active against Neospora caninum in vitro and in experimentally infected mice.

The naphthoquinone buparvaquone is currently the only drug used against theileriosis. Here, the effects of buparvaquone were investigated in vitro and in an experimental mouse model for Neospora caninum infection. In 4-day proliferation assays, buparvaquone efficiently inhibited N. caninum tachyzoite replication (IC50 = 4.9 nM; IC100 = 100 nM). However, in the long term tachyzoites adapted and resumed proliferation in the presence of 100 nM buparvaquone after 20 days of cultivation. Parasiticidal activity was noted after 9 days of culture in 0.5 µM or 6 days in 1 µM buparvaquone. TEM of N. caninum infected fibroblasts treated with 1 µM buparvaquone showed that the drug acted rather slowly, and ultrastructural changes were evident only after 3-5 days of treatment, including severe alterations in the parasite cytoplasm, changes in the composition of the parasitophorous vacuole matrix and a diminished integrity of the vacuole membrane. Treatment of N. caninum infected mice with buparvaquone (100 mg/kg) either by intraperitoneal injection or gavage prevented neosporosis symptoms in 4 out of 6 mice in the intraperitoneally treated group, and in 6 out of 7 mice in the group receiving oral treatment. In the corresponding controls, all 6 mice injected intraperitoneally with corn oil alone died of acute neosporosis, and 4 out of 6 mice died in the orally treated control group. Assessment of infection intensities in the treatment groups showed that, compared to the drug treated groups, the controls showed a significantly higher parasite load in the lungs while cerebral parasite load was higher in the buparvaquone-treated groups. Thus, although buparvaquone did not eliminate the parasites infecting the CNS, the drug represents an interesting lead with the potential to eliminate, or at least diminish, fetal infection during pregnancy
Misrepresentations and flawed logic about the prevalence of false memories

Brewin and Andrews (2016) propose that just 15% of people, or even fewer, are susceptible to false childhood memories. If this figure were true, then false memories would still be a serious problem. But the figure is higher than 15%. False memories occur even after a few short and low-pressure interviews, and with each successive interview, they become richer, more compelling, and more likely to occur. It is therefore dangerously misleading to claim that the scientific data provide an “upper bound” on susceptibility to memory errors. We also raise concerns about the peer review process. © 2016 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.\u
Search for R-parity-violating supersymmetry in events with four or more leptons in root s=7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for new phenomena in final states with four or more leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb(-1) of root s = 7TeV proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in two signal regions: one that requires moderate values of missing transverse momentum and another that requires large effective mass. The results are interpreted in a simplified model of R-parity-violating supersymmetry in which a 95% CL exclusion region is set for charged wino masses up to 540GeV. In an R-parity-violating MSUGRA/CMSSM model, values of m(1/2) up to 820GeV are excluded for 10 < tan beta < 40
Measurement of charged-particle spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at root sNN = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)Charged-particle spectra obtained in Pb+Pb interactions at (Formula presented.) and pp interactions at (Formula presented.) with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented, using data with integrated luminosities of 0.15 nb−1 and 4.2 pb−1, respectively, in a wide transverse momentum (0.5 < pT< 150 GeV) and pseudorapidity (|η| < 2) range. For Pb+Pb collisions, the spectra are presented as a function of collision centrality, which is determined by the response of the forward calorimeters located on both sides of the interaction point. The nuclear modification factors RAA and RCP are presented in detail as a function of centrality, pT and η. They show a distinct pT-dependence with a pronounced minimum at about 7 GeV. Above 60 GeV, RAA is consistent with a plateau at a centrality-dependent value, within the uncertainties. The value is 0.55 ± 0.01(stat.) ± 0.04(syst.) in the most central collisions. The RAA distribution is consistent with flat |η| dependence over the whole transverse momentum range in all centrality classes
A critical evaluation of gestural stiffness estimations in speech production based on a linear second-order model

International audiencePurpose: Linear second-order models have often been used to investigate properties of speech production. However, these models are inaccurate approximations of the speech apparatus. This study aims at assessing how reliably stiffness can be estimated from kinematics with these models. Methods: Articulatory movements were collected for 9 speakers of German during the production of reiterant /CVCV/ words at varying speech rates. Velocity peaks, movement amplitudes and gesture durations were measured. In the context of an undamped model, two stiffness estimations were compared which should theoretically yield the same result. In the context of a damped model, gestural stiffness and damping were calculated for each gesture. Results: Numerous cases were found where stiffness estimations based on the undamped model contradicted each other. Less than 80% of the data were found to be compatible with the properties of the damped model. Stiffness tends to decrease with gestural duration. However, it is associated with a large, unrealistic damping dispersion, making stiffness estimations from kinematic data to a large extent unreliable. Conclusion: Any conclusions about speech control based on stiffness estimations using linear second-order models should therefore be considered with caution
Pullback attractors in V for non-autonomous 2D-Navier-Stokes equations and their tempered behaviour

In this paper the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to a non-autonomous 2D-Navier–Stokes model is analyzed when the initial datum belongs to V, for two frameworks: the universe of fixed bounded sets, and also for another universe given by a tempered condition. The existence of pullback attractors in these different universes is established, and thanks to regularity properties, the relation between these several families of attractors and the corresponding in H is successfully studied. Finally, two results about the tempered behaviour in V   and (H2(Ω))2 of the pullback attractors, when time goes to −∞, are obtained
Influence of the HCV subtype on the virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy.

International audienceThe hepatitis C virus genotype is considered to be the most important baseline predictor of a sustained virological response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The influence of the subtype on the sustained virological response was investigated in patients infected with genotypes 1, 4, 5 or 6. This study was done on 597 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were given pegylated interferon and ribavirin for 48 weeks. The overall rate of sustained virological response in the 597 patients was 37.8%. Univariate analysis indicated that the sustained virological response of patients infected with subtype 1b (39%) tended to be higher than that of patients infected with subtype 1a (30.6%; p=0.06) and it was similar to those patients infected with subtypes 4a (51.3%, p=0.12) or 4d (51.7%, p=0.16). Multivariate analysis indicated that five factors were independently associated with sustained virological response: the age (OR 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95-0.99), absence of cirrhosis (OR: 2.92; 95% CI = 1.7-5.0; p<0.01), absence of HIV conifection (OR: 2.08; 95% CI = 1.2-3.5; p<0.01), low baseline plasma HCV RNA concentration (OR: 1.74; 95% CI = 1.2-2.6; p<0.01) and the subtype 1b (OR: 1.61; 95% CI = 1.0-2.5; p=0.04) or subtypes 4a and 4d (OR: 2.03; 95% CI = 1.1-3.8; p=0.03). In conclusion, among difficult-to-treat genotypes, the subtype 1a is associated with a lower response to anti-HCV therapy than subtypes 1b, 4a and 4d
The globular cluster system of NGC 1316. II - The extraordinary object
  SH2

SH2 has been described as an isolated HII-region, located about 6.5 arcmin
south of the nucleus of NGC 1316 (Fornax A), a merger remnant in the the
outskirts of the Fornax cluster of galaxies. We give a first, preliminary
description of the stellar content and environment of this remarkable object.
We used photometric data in the Washington system and HST photometry from the
Hubble Legacy Archive for a morphological description and preliminary aperture
photometry. Low-resolution spectroscopy provides radial velocities of the
brightest star cluster in SH2 and a nearby intermediate-age cluster. SH2 is not
a normal HII-region, ionized by very young stars. It contains a multitude of
star clusters with ages of approximately 0.1 Gyr. A ring-like morphology is
striking. SH2 seems to be connected to an intermediate-age massive globular
cluster with a similar radial velocity, which itself is the main object of a
group of fainter clusters. Metallicity estimates from emission lines remain
ambiguous. The present data do not yet allow firm conclusions about the nature
or origin of SH2. It might be a dwarf galaxy that has experienced a burst of
extremely clustered star formation. We may witness how globular clusters are
donated to a parent galaxy.Comment: 5 pages, to appear in A&A, format slightly different from the printed
  versio
Translating Alloy Specifications to UML Class Diagrams Annotated with OCL

Model-driven engineering (MDE) is a software engineering approach based on model transformations at different abstraction levels. It prescribes the development of software by successively transforming the models from abstract (specifications) to more concrete ones (code). Alloy is an increasingly popular lightweight formal specification language that supports automatic verification. Unfortunately, its widespread industrial adoption is hampered by the lack of an ecosystem of MDE tools, namely code generators. This paper presents a model transformation from Alloy to UML class diagrams annotated with OCL (UML+OCL) and shows how an existing transformation from UML+OCL to Alloy can be improved to handle dynamic issues. The proposed bidirectional transformation enables a smooth integration of Alloy in the current MDE contexts, by allowing UML+OCL specifications to be transformed to Alloy for validation and verification, to correct and possibly refine them inside Alloy, and to translate them back to UML+OCL for sharing with stakeholders or to reuse current model-driven architecture tools to refine them toward code
Global causes of maternal death : a WHO systematic analysis

Background: Data for the causes of maternal deaths are needed to inform policies to improve maternal health. We developed and analysed global, regional, and subregional estimates of the causes of maternal death during 2003-09, with a novel method, updating the previous WHO systematic review. 
Methods: We searched specialised and general bibliographic databases for articles published between between Jan 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2012, for research data, with no language restrictions, and the WHO mortality database for vital registration data. On the basis of prespecified inclusion criteria, we analysed causes of maternal death from datasets. We aggregated country level estimates to report estimates of causes of death by Millennium Development Goal regions and worldwide, for main and subcauses of death categories with a Bayesian hierarchical model. 
Findings: We identified 23 eligible studies (published 2003-12). We included 417 datasets from 115 countries comprising 60 799 deaths in the analysis. About 73% (1 771 000 of 2 443 000) of all maternal deaths between 2003 and 2009 were due to direct obstetric causes and deaths due to indirect causes accounted for 27.5% (672 000, 95% UI 19.7-37.5) of all deaths. Haemorrhage accounted for 27.1% (661 000, 19.9-36.2), hypertensive disorders 14.0% (343 000, 11.1-17.4), and sepsis 10.7% (261 000, 5.9-18.6) of maternal deaths. The rest of deaths were due to abortion (7.9%[193 000], 4.7-13.2), embolism (3.2% [78 000], 1.8-5.5), and all other direct causes of death (9.6% [235 000], 6.5-14.3). Regional estimates varied substantially. 
Interpretation: Between 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide. More than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes. These analyses should inform the prioritisation of health policies, programmes, and funding to reduce maternal deaths at regional and global levels. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability and quality of data related to maternal mortality. 
Funding: USAID, the US Fund for UNICEF through a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to CHERG, and The UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Reproductive Health and Research
Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for minimal surfaces in AdS3

We study classical open string solutions with a null polygonal boundary in AdS 3 in relation to gluon scattering amplitudes in $$ \mathcal{N} = 4 $$ super Yang-Mills at strong coupling. We derive in full detail the set of integral equations governing the decagonal and the dodecagonal solutions and identify them with the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations of the homogeneous sine-Gordon models. By evaluating the free energy in the conformal limit we compute the central charges, from which we observe general correspondence between the polygonal solutions in AdS n and generalized parafermions
Two-baryonpotentials and H-dibaryon from 3-flavor lattice QCD simulations

Baryon–baryonpotentials are obtained from 3-flavor QCD simulations with the lattice volume L≃4 fm, the lattice spacing a≃0.12 fm, and the pseudo-scalar-meson mass Mps=469–1171 MeV. The NN scattering phase-shifts and the mass of H-dibaryon in the flavor SU(3) limit are extracted from the resultant potentials by solving the Schrödinger equation. The NN phase-shifts in the SU(3) limit is shown to have qualitatively similar behavior as the experimental data. A bound H-dibaryon in the SU(3) limit is found to exist in the flavor-singlet JP=0+ channel with the binding energy of about 26 MeV for the lightest quark mass Mps=469 MeV. Effect of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking on the H-dibaryon is estimated by solving the coupled-channel Schrödinger equation for Μ–NΞ–ΣΣ with the physical baryon masses and the potential matrix obtained in the SU(3) limit: a resonant H-dibaryon is found between Μ and NΞ thresholds in this treatment
Search for resonances in diphoton events at s√=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Searches for new resonances decaying into two photons in the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are described. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 at s√=13 TeV recorded in 2015. Two searches are performed, one targeted at a spin-2 particle of mass larger than 500 GeV, using Randall-Sundrum graviton states as a benchmark model, and one optimized for a spin-0 particle of mass larger than 200 GeV. Varying both the mass and the decay width, the most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed at a diphoton invariant mass around 750 GeV with local significances of 3.8 and 3.9 standard deviations in the searches optimized for a spin-2 and spin-0 particle, respectively. The global significances are estimated to be 2.1 standard deviations for both analyses. The consistency between the data collected at 13 TeV and 8 TeV is also evaluated. Limits on the production cross section times branching ratio to two photons for the two resonance types are reported
Communication: theoretical exploration of Au+H2, D2, and HD reactive collisions

The following article appeared in Journal of Chemical Physic 135.9 (2011): 091102 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/135/9/10.1063/1.3635772A quasi-classical study of the endoergic Au(1S)+ H2(X1Σg+) → AuHAuH+(2Σ+)+H(2S) reaction, and isotopic variants, is performed to compare with recent experimental results [F. Li, C. S. Hinton, M. Citir, F. Liu, and P. B. Armentrout, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 024310 (2011)]. For this purpose, a new global potential energy surface has been developed based on multi-reference configuration interaction ab initio calculations. The quasi-classical trajectory results show a very good agreement with the experiments, showing the same trends for the different isotopic variants of the hydrogen molecule. It is also found that the total dissociation into three fragments, Au+H+H, is the dominant reaction channel for energies above the H2 dissociation energy. This results from a well in the entrance channel of the potential energy surface, which enhances the probability of H-Au-H insertionA.D.-U. acknowledges a JAE fellowship supported by CSIC. This work is supported by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Grant No. S2009/MAT/1467, and by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Grant Nos. CSD2009-00038 and FIS2010-18132. The calculations have been performed at CESGA and IFF computing centers. P.B.A. thanks the National Science Foundation for suppor