pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on correlation between personal background and interior color preference

In this research, we identify and investigate some of the factors influencing residential color preference. We have taken social environment as a primary focus and the influence of a person\u27s residential, regional, educational, and personal background have been examined. A questionnaire, two drawings (one of a bedroom and another of the exterior of a few houses) and 24 color pencils were prepared. In total, 319 data were gathered from Japanese students living in Japan, Foreign students living in Japan, and Iranian students living in Iran, with 301 applicable data. One of the questions was the respondent\u27s favorite color. The results showed that more than 96.7% have used their favorite colors in the drawings. Blue hues were used most by people living in coastal areas (P < 0.05). Education had a strong correlation with number of color varieties (P < 0.01). Moreover, students who had parents with art backgrounds had used more colors in the drawings rather than the ones with parents with no art background (P < 0.05). Foreigners and Iranians have used more color varieties compared to Japanese (P < 0.05). Ultimately, it was observed that among the case studies (regional, residential, and educational), education had a strong positive correlation with number of color varieties (P < 0.01)
Review of spectral reflectance models for halftone prints: Principles, Calibration, and prediction accuracy

International audienceReliable color reproduction can be achieved by establishing, using a model, the correspondence between the spectral reflectance of the printed surface and the amounts of deposited inks. In this paper, we review the main models proposed in the literature, recall how each one is calibrated and compare their prediction accuracy for several print sets. The presented models are the Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model, its cellular instance, the Clapper-Yule model, its instance supporting low scattering, and the two-by-two halftone independent dot centering model. The Yule-Nielsen and Clapper-Yule based models are combined with ink spreading assessment methods that account for the interaction between light, inks and paper. The prediction accuracy of the different models has been tested for several sets of printed colors on different supports, with different printing systems, different inks and different halftoning methods. These results show how the predictive performances and the model parameters vary according to the different printing setups
Color naming in Italian language

The present study investigated Italian basic color terms (BCTs). It is an extension of our previous work that explored Italian basic color categories (BCCs) using a constrained color-naming method, with 11 Italian BCTs allowed, including blu for naming the BLUE area. Since a latter outcome indicated a categorization bias, here monolexemic color-naming method was employed, enabling also use of azzurro, deeply entrenched Italian term that designates light blue. In Experiment 1, colors (N=367), sampling the Munsell Mercator projection, were presented on a CRT; color names and reaction times of vocalization onset were recorded. Naming consistency and consensus were estimated. Consistency was obtained for 12 CTs, including the two blue terms; consensus was found for 11 CTs, excluding rosso ‘red’. For each consensus category, color with the shortest RT was considered focal. In Experiment 2, consensus stimuli (N=72) were presented; on each trial, observers indicated the focal color (“best example”) in an array of colors comprising a consensus category. For each of the 12 Italian CCs, centroid was calculated and focal color (two measures) estimated. Compared to English color terms, two outcomes are specific to Italian color naming: (i) naming of the RED-PURPLE area is highly refined, with consistent use of emergent non-BCTs; (ii) azzurro and blu both perform as BCTs dividing the BLUE area along the lightness dimension. The findings are considered in the framework of the weak relativity hypothesis. Historico-linguistic, environmental and pragmatic communication factors are discussed that conceivably have driven the extension of the BCT inventory in Italian
Visual and Instrumental Assessments of Color Differences in Automotive Coatings

The interest in gonioapparent pigments (metallic, pearlescent, interference, or diffractive) has increased in the last few years, especially for applications in the automotive industry. To assure a proper characterization of colors with gonioapparent pigments, commercial devices have appeared to characterize the color in different geometries, which are called multiangle spectrophotometers. As the gonioapparent pigments and multiangle instruments are relatively new, no studies exist regarding the instrumental-based procedure followed in the industry, and if the results provided are in agreement with the observer perception.\ud
\ud
Consequently, the main objective of this study was to examine the correlation of the instrumental color differences with visual assessments. The instrumental color difference was calculated with the color difference formula AUDI2000 (specific for this sector) between the pairs of similar samples of three types of coated panels (solid, metallic, and pearlescent). The values measured by a telespectroradiometer in a directional lighting booth and the colorimetric values obtained by means of a multiangle spectrophotometer BYK-mac were considered for this purpose. Additionally, a visual experiment was conducted to quantify the color difference by using the gray-scale method.\ud
\ud
The results revealed that an acceptable instrumental correlation existed despite the visual and the instrumental correlation being worse. In particular, it was checked that observers accepted a larger number of color pairs, that is, the visual color difference was smaller than the tolerance demanded by the industry (derived from AUDI2000).Preprin
An online colour naming experiment in Russian using Munsell colour samples

Russian colour naming was explored in a web-based psycholinguistic experiment. The purpose was threefold: to examine (i) CIELAB coordinates of centroids for 12 Russian basic colour terms (BCTs), including two Russian terms for ‘blue’, sinij ‘dark blue’ and goluboj ‘light blue’, and compare these with coordinates for the 11 English BCTs obtained in earlier studies; (ii) frequent non-BCTs and (iii) gender differences in colour naming. Native Russian speakers participated in the experiment using an unconstrained colour-naming method. Each participant named 20 colours, selected from 600 colours densely sampling the Munsell Color Solid. Colour names and response times of typing onset were registered. Several deviations between centroids of the Russian and English BCTs were found. The two Russian ‘blues’, as expected, divided the BLUE area along the lightness dimension; their centroids deviated from a centroid of English blue. Further minor departures were found between centroids of Russian and English counterparts of ‘brown’ and ‘red’. The Russian colour inventory confirmed the linguistic refinement of the PURPLE area, with high frequencies of non-BCTs. In addition, Russian speakers revealed elaborated naming strategies and use of a rich inventory of non-BCTs. Elicitation frequencies of the 12 BCTs were comparable for both genders; however, linguistic segmentation of colour space, employing a synthetic observer, revealed gender differences in naming colours, with more refined naming of the “warm” colours from females. We conclude that, along with universal perceptual factors, that govern categorical partition of colour space, Russian speakers’ colour naming reflects language-specific factors, supporting the weak relativity hypothesis
Approximating L2-invariants, and the Atiyah conjecture

Let G be a torsion free discrete group and let \bar{Q} denote the field of
algebraic numbers in C. We prove that \bar{Q}[G] fulfills the Atiyah conjecture
if G lies in a certain class of groups D, which contains in particular all
groups which are residually torsion free elementary amenable or which are
residually free. This result implies that there are no non-trivial
zero-divisors in C[G]. The statement relies on new approximation results for
L2-Betti numbers over \bar{Q}[G], which are the core of the work done in this
paper.
  Another set of results in the paper is concerned with certain number
theoretic properties of eigenvalues for the combinatorial Laplacian on
L2-cochains on any normal covering space of a finite CW complex.
  We establish the absence of eigenvalues that are transcendental numbers,
whenever the covering transformation group is either amenable or in the Linnell
class \mathcal{C}. We also establish the absence of eigenvalues that are
Liouville transcendental numbers whenever the covering transformation group is
either residually finite or more generally in a certain large bootstrap class
\mathcal{G}. Please take the errata to Schick: "L2-determinant class and
approximation of L2-Betti numbers" into account, which are added at the end of
the file, rectifying some unproved statements about "amenable extension". As a
consequence, throughout, amenable extensions should be extensions with normal
subgroups.Comment: AMS-LaTeX2e, 33 pages; improved presentation, new and detailed proof
  about absence of trancendental eigenvalues; v3: added errata to
  "L2-determinant class and approximation of L2-Betti numbers", requires to
  restrict to slightly weaker statement
On the Floer homology of cotangent bundles

This paper concerns Floer homology for periodic orbits and for a Lagrangian
intersection problem on the cotangent bundle of a compact orientable manifold
M. The first result is a new uniform estimate for the solutions of the Floer
equation, which allows to deal with a larger - and more natural - class of
Hamiltonians. The second and main result is a new construction of the
isomorphism between the Floer homology and the singular homology of the free
loop space of M, in the periodic case, or of the based loop space of M, in the
Lagrangian intersection problem. The idea for the construction of such an
isomorphism is to consider a Hamiltonian which is the Legendre transform of a
Lagrangian on TM, and to construct an isomorphism between the Floer complex and
the Morse complex of the classical Lagrangian action functional on the space of
free or based loops on M of Sobolev class W(1,2).Comment: 50 pages, added detailed proof of the invariance under homotopy (to
  appear in Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics
Universality at the edge of the spectrum for unitary, orthogonal and
  symplectic ensembles of random matrices

We prove universality at the edge of the spectrum for unitary (beta=2),
orthogonal (beta=1) and symplectic (beta=4) ensembles of random matrices in the
scaling limit for a class of weights w(x)=exp(-V(x)) where V is a polynomial,
V(x)=kappa_{2m}x^{2m}+..., kappa_{2m}>0. The precise statement of our results
is given in Theorem 1.1 and Corollaries 1.2, 1.3 below. For a proof of
universality in the bulk of the spectrum, for the same class of weights, for
unitary ensembles see [DKMVZ2], and for orthogonal and symplectic ensembles see
[DG].
  Our starting point in the unitary case is [DKMVZ2], and for the orthogonal
and symplectic cases we rely on our recent work [DG], which in turn depends on
the earlier work of Widom [W] and Tracy and Widom [TW2]. As in [DG], the
uniform Plancherel--Rotach type asymptotics for the orthogonal polynomials
found in [DKMVZ2] plays a central role.
  The formulae in [W] express the correlation kernels for beta=1 and 4 as a sum
of a Christoffel--Darboux (CD) term, as in the case beta=2, together with a
correction term. In the bulk scaling limit [DG], the correction term is of
lower order and does not contribute to the limiting form of the correlation
kernel. By contrast, in the edge scaling limit considered here, the CD term and
the correction term contribute to the same order: this leads to additional
technical difficulties over and above [DG].Comment: 36 page
Blow-Up for Nonlinear Wave Equations describing Boson Stars

We consider the nonlinear wave equation $i \partial_t u= \sqrt{-\Delta + m^2}
u - (|x|^{-1} \ast |u|^2) u$ on $\RR^3$ modelling the dynamics of
(pseudo-relativistic) boson stars. For spherically symmetric initial data,
$u_0(x) \in C^\infty_{\mathrm{c}}(\RR^3)$, with negative energy, we prove
blow-up of $u(t,x)$ in $H^{1/2}$-norm within a finite time. Physically, this
phenomenon describes the onset of "gravitational collapse" of a boson star. We
also study blow-up in external, spherically symmetric potentials and we
consider more general Hartree-type nonlinearities. As an application, we
exhibit instability for ground state solitary waves at rest if $m=0$.Comment: final version; to appear in Comm. Pure Appl. Math; 14 page
Commutation relations for SLE

Schramm-Loewner Evolutions (SLEs) describe a one-parameter family of growth
processes in the plane that have particular conformal invariance properties.
For instance, SLE can define simple random curves in a simply connected domain.
In this paper we are interested in questions pertaining to the definition of
several SLEs in a domain (i.e. several random curves). In particular, one
derives infinitesimal commutation conditions, discuss some elementary
solutions, study integrability conditions following from commutation and show
how to lift these infinitesimal relations to global relations in simple cases.
The situation in multiply-connected domains is also discussed.Comment: v3: several corrections and additional material. 42 page
A stochastic Lagrangian representation of the 3-dimensional
  incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

In this paper we derive a representation of the deterministic 3-dimensional
Navier-Stokes equations based on stochastic Lagrangian paths. The particle
trajectories obey SDEs driven by a uniform Wiener process; the inviscid Weber
formula for the Euler equations of ideal fluids is used to recover the velocity
field. This method admits a self-contained proof of local existence for the
nonlinear stochastic system, and can be extended to formulate stochastic
representations of related hydrodynamic-type equations, including viscous
Burgers equations and LANS-alpha models.Comment: v4: Minor corrections to bibliography, and final version that will
  apear in CPAM. v3: Minor corrections to the algebra in the last section. v2:
  Minor changes to introduction and refferences. 14 pages, 0 figure
Probing for electrical inclusions with complex spherical waves

Let a physical body  in 2 or 3 be given. Assume that the electric conductivity distribution inside  consists of conductive inclusions in a known smooth background. Further, assume that a subset   is available for boundary measurements. It is proved using hyperbolic geometry that certain information about the location of the inclusions can be exactly recovered from static electric measurements on . More precisely: given a ball B with center outside the convex hull of  and satisfying (  )  , boundary measurements on  with explicitly given Dirichlet data are enough to determine whether B intersects the inclusion. An approximate detection algorithm is introduced based on the theory. Numerical experiments in dimension two with simulated noisy data suggest that the algorithm finds the inclusion-free domain near  and is robust against measurement noise
Three circles theorems for Schrödinger operators on cylindrical ends and geometric applications

We show that for a Schrödinger operator with bounded potential on a manifold with cylindrical ends, the space of solutions that grows at most exponentially at infinity is finite dimensional and, for a dense set of potentials (or, equivalently, for a surface for a fixed potential and a dense set of metrics), the constant function 0 is the only solution that vanishes at infinity. Clearly, for general potentials there can be many solutions that vanish at infinity.\ud
One of the key ingredients in these results is a three circles inequality (or log convexity inequality) for the Sobolev norm of a solution u to a Schrödinger equation on a product N × [0, T], where N is a closed manifold with a certain spectral gap. Examples of such N's are all (round) spheres n for n 1 and all Zoll surfaces.\ud
Finally, we discuss some examples arising in geometry of such manifolds and Schrödinger operators
Transition between Airy_1 and Airy_2 processes and TASEP fluctuations

We consider the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, a model in the
KPZ universality class. We focus on the fluctuations of particle positions
starting with certain deterministic initial conditions. For large time t, one
has regions with constant and linearly decreasing density. The fluctuations on
these two regions are given by the Airy_1 and Airy_2 processes, whose one-point
distributions are the GOE and GUE Tracy-Widom distributions of random matrix
theory. In this paper we analyze the transition region between these two
regimes and obtain the transition process. Its one-point distribution is a new
interpolation between GOE and GUE edge distributions.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures, LaTe
Regularity theory for fully nonlinear integro-differential equations

We consider nonlinear integro-differential equations, like the ones that
arise from stochastic control problems with purely jump L\`evy processes. We
obtain a nonlocal version of the ABP estimate, Harnack inequality, and interior
$C^{1,\alpha}$ regularity for general fully nonlinear integro-differential
equations. Our estimates remain uniform as the degree of the equation
approaches two, so they can be seen as a natural extension of the regularity
theory for elliptic partial differential equations.Comment: Minor typos corrected, and some extra comments adde
The Lee-Yang and P\'olya-Schur Programs. II. Theory of Stable
  Polynomials and Applications

In the first part of this series we characterized all linear operators on
spaces of multivariate polynomials preserving the property of being
non-vanishing in products of open circular domains. For such sets this
completes the multivariate generalization of the classification program
initiated by P\'olya-Schur for univariate real polynomials. We build on these
classification theorems to develop here a theory of multivariate stable
polynomials. Applications and examples show that this theory provides a natural
framework for dealing in a uniform way with Lee-Yang type problems in
statistical mechanics, combinatorics, and geometric function theory in one or
several variables. In particular, we answer a question of Hinkkanen on
multivariate apolarity.Comment: 32 page
Limit process of stationary TASEP near the characteristic line

The totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) on Z with the
Bernoulli-rho measure as initial conditions, 0<rho<1, is stationary. It is
known that along the characteristic line, the current fluctuates as of order
t^{1/3}. The limiting distribution has also been obtained explicitly. In this
paper we determine the limiting multi-point distribution of the current
fluctuations moving away from the characteristics by the order t^{2/3}. The
main tool is the analysis of a related directed last percolation model. We also
discuss the process limit in tandem queues in equilibrium.Comment: 59 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX (Fixed a sign error in formula (1.11) of
  the main theorem
Fixation for distributed clustering processes

We study a discrete-time resource flow in Z[superscript d] where wealthier vertices attract the resources of their less rich neighbors. For any translation-invariant probability distribution of initial resource quantities, we prove that the flow at each vertex terminates after finitely many steps. This answers (a generalized version of) a question posed by van den Berg and Meester in 1991. The proof uses the mass transport principle and extends to other graphs.Author's final manuscript January 19, 2010National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant DMS-06-45585)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant OISE-07-30136
Sharp interface limit for invariant measures of a stochastic Allen-Cahn
  equation

The invariant measure of a one-dimensional Allen-Cahn equation with an
additive space-time white noise is studied. This measure is absolutely
continuous with respect to a Brownian bridge with a density which can be
interpreted as a potential energy term. We consider the sharp interface limit
in this setup. In the right scaling this corresponds to a Gibbs type measure on
a growing interval with decreasing temperature. Our main result is that in the
limit we still see exponential convergence towards a curve of minimizers of the
energy if the interval does not grow too fast. In the original scaling the
limit measure is concentrated on configurations with precisely one jump. This
jump is distributed uniformly.Comment: 28 pages, 4 picture
Global well-posedness for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with
  the highly oscillating initial velocity

Cannone \cite{Cannone} proved the global well-posedness of the incompressible
Navier-Stokes equations for a class of highly oscillating data. In this paper,
we prove the global well-posedness for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations
in the critical functional framework with the initial data close to a stable
equilibrium. Especially, this result allows us to construct global solutions
for the highly oscillating initial velocity. The proof relies on a new estimate
for the hyperbolic/parabolic system with convection terms.Comment: 43page
Probability Distribution of the Free Energy of the Continuum Directed
  Random Polymer in 1+1 dimensions

We consider the solution of the stochastic heat equation \partial_T
\mathcal{Z} = 1/2 \partial_X^2 \mathcal{Z} - \mathcal{Z} \dot{\mathscr{W}} with
delta function initial condition \mathcal{Z} (T=0)= \delta_0 whose logarithm,
with appropriate normalizations, is the free energy of the continuum directed
polymer, or the solution of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with narrow wedge
initial conditions. We obtain explicit formulas for the one-dimensional
marginal distributions -- the {\it crossover distributions} -- which
interpolate between a standard Gaussian distribution (small time) and the GUE
Tracy-Widom distribution (large time). The proof is via a rigorous steepest
descent analysis of the Tracy-Widom formula for the asymmetric simple exclusion
with anti-shock initial data, which is shown to converge to the continuum
equations in an appropriate weakly asymmetric limit. The limit also describes
the crossover behaviour between the symmetric and asymmetric exclusion
processes.Comment: 68 pages, 2 figures. some typos and minor errata fixe
Action functional and quasi-potential for the Burgers equation in a
  bounded interval

Consider the viscous Burgers equation $u_t + f(u)_x = \epsilon\, u_{xx}$ on
the interval $[0,1]$ with the inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions
$u(t,0) = \rho_0$, $u(t,1) = \rho_1$. The flux $f$ is the function $f(u)=
u(1-u)$, $\epsilon>0$ is the viscosity, and the boundary data satisfy
$0<\rho_0<\rho_1<1$. We examine the quasi-potential corresponding to an action
functional, arising from non-equilibrium statistical mechanical models,
associated to the above equation. We provide a static variational formula for
the quasi-potential and characterize the optimal paths for the dynamical
problem. In contrast with previous cases, for small enough viscosity, the
variational problem defining the quasi potential admits more than one
minimizer. This phenomenon is interpreted as a non-equilibrium phase transition
and corresponds to points where the super-differential of the quasi-potential
is not a singleton