pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Correlated X-ray and very high energy emission in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303

The discovery of very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emitting X-ray binaries has triggered an intense effort to better understand the particle acceleration, absorption, and emission mechanisms in compact binary systems, which provide variable conditions along eccentric orbits. Despite this, the nature of some of these systems, and of the accelerated particles producing the VHE emission, is unclear. To answer some of these open questions, we conducted a multiwavelength campaign of the VHE gamma-ray emitting X-ray binary LS I +61 303 in- cluding the MAGIC telescope, XMM-Newton, and Swift during 60% of an orbit in 2007 September. We detect a simultaneous outburst at X-ray and VHE bands, with the peak at phase 0.62 and a similar shape at both wavelengths. A linear fit to the simultaneous X-ray/VHE pairs obtained during the outburst yields a correlation coefficient of r = 0.97, while a linear fit to all simultaneous pairs provides r = 0.81. Since a variable absorption of the VHE emission towards the observer is not expected for the data reported here, the correlation found indicates a simultaneity in the emission processes. Assuming that they are dominated by a single particle pop- ulation, either hadronic or leptonic, the X-ray/VHE flux ratio favors leptonic models. This fact, together with the detected photon indices, suggests that in LS I +61 303 the X-rays are the result of synchrotron radiation of the same electrons that produce VHE emission as a result of inverse Compton scattering of stellar photons
Search for a Higgs boson in the mass range from 145 to 1000 GeV decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons

A search for a heavy Higgs boson in the H → WW and H → ZZ decay channels is reported. The search is based upon proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 fb−1 at √ s = 7 TeV and up to 19.7fb−1 at √ s = 8 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Several final states of the H → WW and H → ZZ decays are analyzed. The combined upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the product of the cross section and branching fraction exclude a Higgs boson with standard model-like couplings and decays in the range 145 < mH < 1000 GeV. We also interpret the results in the context of an electroweak singlet extension of the standard mode
Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs-A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Dairy products provide a package of essential nutrients that is difficult to obtain in low-dairy or dairy-free diets, and for many people it is not possible to achieve recommended daily calcium intakes with a dairy-free diet. Despite the established benefits for bone health, some people avoid dairy in their diet due to beliefs that dairy may be detrimental to health, especially in those with weight management issues, lactose intolerance, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trying to avoid cardiovascular disease. This review provides information for health professionals to enable them to help their patients make informed decisions about consuming dairy products as part of a balanced diet. There may be a weak association between dairy consumption and a possible small weight reduction, with decreases in fat mass and waist circumference and increases in lean body mass. Lactose intolerant individuals may not need to completely eliminate dairy products from their diet, as both yogurt and hard cheese are well tolerated. Among people with arthritis, there is no evidence for a benefit to avoid dairy consumption. Dairy products do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly if low fat. Intake of up to three servings of dairy products per day appears to be safe and may confer a favourable benefit with regard to bone health.status: publishe
Is ρ -meson melting compatible with chiral restoration?

Utilizing in-medium vector spectral functions which describe dilepton data in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of QCD and Weinberg sum rules at finite temperature. The starting point is our recent study in vacuum, where the sum rules have been quantitatively satisfied using phenomenological vector and axial-vector spectral functions which describe hadronic τ -decay data. In the medium, the temperature dependence of condensates and chiral order parameters is taken from thermal lattice QCD where available, and otherwise is estimated from a hadron resonance gas. Since little is known about the in-medium axial-vector spectral function, we model it with a Breit–Wigner ansatz allowing for smooth temperature variations of its width and mass parameters. Our study thus amounts to testing the compatibility of the ρ -broadening found in dilepton experiments with (the approach toward) chiral restoration, and thereby searching for viable in-medium axial-vector spectral functions
Comments on observables for identity-based marginal solutions in Berkovits’ superstring field theory

We construct an analytic solution for tachyon condensation around identity-based marginal solutions in Berkovits’ WZW-like open superstring field theory. Using this, which is a kind of wedge-based solution, the gauge invariant overlaps for the identity-based marginal solutions can be calculated analytically. This is a straightforward extension of a method in bosonic string field theory, which has been elaborated by the authors, to superstring. We also comment on a gauge equivalence relation between the tachyon vacuum solution and its marginally deformed one. From this viewpoint, we can find the vacuum energy of the identity-based marginal solutions to be zero, which agrees with the previous result as a consequence of ξ zero mode counting
Operator analysis of physical states on magnetized T2/ZN orbifolds

We discuss an effective way for analyzing the system on the magnetized twisted orbifolds in operator formalism, especially in the complicated cases T2/Z3 , T2/Z4 and T2/Z6 . We can obtain the exact and analytical results which can be applicable for any larger values of the quantized magnetic flux M , and show that the (non-diagonalized) kinetic terms are generated via our formalism and the number of the surviving physical states are calculable in a rigorous manner by simply following usual procedures in linear algebra in any case. Our approach is very powerful when we try to examine properties of the physical states on (complicated) magnetized orbifolds T2/Z3 , T2/Z4 , T2/Z6 (and would be in other cases on higher-dimensional torus) and could be an essential tool for actual realistic model construction based on these geometries. (Note: This article is registered under preprint number: arXiv:1409.5421 .
Auxiliary tensor fields for Sp(2, ℝ) self-duality

The coset Sp(2, ℝ)/U(1) is parametrized by two real scalar fields. We generalize the formalism of auxiliary tensor (bispinor) fields in U(1) self-dual nonlinear models of abelian gauge fields to the case of Sp(2, ℝ) self-duality. In this new formulation, Sp(2, ℝ) duality of the nonlinear scalar-gauge equations of motion is equivalent to an Sp(2, ℝ) invariance of the auxiliary interaction. We derive this result in two different ways, aiming at its further application to supersymmetric theories. We also consider an extension to interactions with higher derivatives
ISC-GEM: Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), II. Location and seismicity patterns

We present the final results of a two-year project sponsored by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation. The ISC-GEM global catalogue consists of some 19 thousand instrumentally recorded, moderate to large earthquakes, spanning 110 years of seismicity. We relocated all events in the catalogue using a two-tier approach. The EHB location methodology (Engdahl et al., 1998) was applied first to obtain improved hypocentres with special focus on the depth determination. The locations were further refined in the next step by fixing the depths to those from the EHB analysis and applying the new International Seismological Centre (ISC) location algorithm (Bondár and Storchak, 2011) that reduces location bias by accounting for correlated travel-time prediction error structure. To facilitate the relocation effort, some one million seismic P and S wave arrival-time data were added to the ISC database for the period between 1904 and 1970, either from original station bulletins in the ISC archive or by digitizing the scanned images of the International Seismological Summary (ISS) bulletin (Villaseñor and Engdahl, 2005, 2007). Although no substantial amount of new phase data were acquired for the modern period (1964–2009), the number of phases used in the location has still increased by three millions, owing to fact that both the EHB and ISC locators use most well-recorded ak135 (Kennett et al., 1995) phases in the location.\ud
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We show that the relocation effort yielded substantially improved locations, especially in the first half of the 20th century; we demonstrate significant improvements in focal depth estimates in subduction zones and other seismically active regions; and we show that the ISC-GEM catalogue provides an improved view of 110 years of global seismicity of the Earth. The ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue represents the final product of one of the ten global components in the GEM program, and is available to researchers at the ISC (www.isc.ac.uk) website.Peer reviewe
Computational Methods for Modification of Metabolic Networks.

In metabolic engineering, modification of metabolic networks is an important biotechnology and a challenging computational task. In the metabolic network modification, we should modify metabolic networks by newly adding enzymes or/and knocking-out genes to maximize the biomass production with minimum side-effect. In this mini-review, we briefly review constraint-based formalizations for Minimum Reaction Cut (MRC) problem where the minimum set of reactions is deleted so that the target compound becomes non-producible from the view point of the flux balance analysis (FBA), elementary mode (EM), and Boolean models. Minimum Reaction Insertion (MRI) problem where the minimum set of reactions is added so that the target compound newly becomes producible is also explained with a similar formalization approach. The relation between the accuracy of the models and the risk of overfitting is also discussed
A versatile dual-species Zeeman slower for caesium and ytterbium.

We describe the design, construction, and operation of a versatile dual-species Zeeman slower for both Cs and Yb, which is easily adaptable for use with other alkali metals and alkaline earths. With the aid of analytic models and numerical simulation of decelerator action, we highlight several real-world problems affecting the performance of a slower and discuss effective solutions. To capture Yb into a magneto-optical trap(MOT), we use the broad 1S0 to 1P1 transition at 399 nm for the slower and the narrow 1S0 to 3P1 intercombination line at 556 nm for the MOT. The Cs MOT and slower both use the D2 line (62S1/2 to 62P3/2) at 852 nm. The slower can be switched between loading Yb or Cs in under 0.1 s. We demonstrate that within a few seconds the Zeeman slower loads more than 109 Yb atoms and 108 Cs atoms into their respective MOTs. These are ideal starting numbers for further experiments on ultracold mixtures and molecules
A simulation-based decision support tool for informing the management of patients with Parkinson???s disease

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in International Journal of Production Research, on 9 April 2015, available online via: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1029647We describe a decision support toolkit that was developed with the aim of assisting those responsible with the management and treatment of Parkinson???s disease (PD) in the UK. Having created a baseline model and established its face validity, the toolkit captures the complexity of PD services at a sufficient level and operates within a user friendly environment, that is, an interface was built to allow users to specify their own local PD service and input their own estimates or data of service demands and capacities. The main strength of this decision support tool is the adoption of a team approach to studying the system, involving six PD specialist nurses across the country, ensuring that variety of views and suggestions are taken as well as systems modelling and simulations. The tool enables key decision makers to estimate the likely impact of changes, such as increased use of community services on activity, cost, staffing levels, skill-mix, and utilisation of resources. Such previously unobtainable quantitative information can be used to support business cases for changes in the increased use of community services and its impact on clinical outcomes (disease progression), nurse visits and costing
Search for New Phenomena in Dijet Mass and Angular Distributions from
  $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

This Letter describes a model-agnostic search for pairs of jets (dijets)
produced by resonant and non-resonant phenomena beyond the Standard Model in
3.6 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of
$\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
The distribution of the invariant mass of the two leading jets is examined for
local excesses above a data-derived estimate of the smoothly falling prediction
of the Standard Model. The data are also compared to a Monte Carlo simulation
of Standard Model angular distributions derived from the rapidity of the two
jets. No evidence of anomalous phenomena is observed in the data, which are
used to exclude, at 95% CL, quantum black holes with threshold masses below 8.3
TeV, 8.1 TeV, or 5.3 TeV in three different benchmark scenarios; resonance
masses below 5.2 TeV for excited quarks, 2.6 TeV in a $W^\prime$ model, a range
of masses starting from $m_{Z^\prime}=1.5$ TeV and couplings from $g_q = 0.2$
in a $Z^\prime$ model; and contact interactions with a compositeness scale
below 12.0 TeV and 17.5 TeV respectively for destructive and constructive
interference between the new interaction and QCD processes. These results
significantly extend the ATLAS limits obtained from 8 TeV data. Gaussian-shaped
contributions to the mass distribution are also excluded if the effective
cross-section exceeds values ranging from approximately 50-300 fb for masses
below 2 TeV to 2-20 fb for masses above 4 TeV.Comment: 20 pages plus author list + cover pages (38 pages total), 6 figures,
  1 table, submitted to PLB, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2015-02
Irrelevance of Bell's Theorem for experiments involving correlations in
  space and time: a specific loophole-free computer-example

John Bell is generally credited to have accomplished the remarkable "proof"
that any theory of physics, which is both Einstein-local and "realistic"
(counterfactually definite), results in a strong upper bound to the
correlations that are measured in space and time. He thus predicts that
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments cannot violate Bell- type inequalities. We
present a counterexample to this claim, based on discrete-event computer
simulations. Our model-results fully agree with the predictions of quantum
theory for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm experiments and are free of the
detection- or a coincidence-loophole
Exploring arbitrarily high orders of optimized perturbation theory in
  QCD with nf -> 16.5

Perturbative QCD with nf flavours of massless quarks becomes simple in the
hypothetical limit nf -> 16.5, where the leading beta-function coefficient
vanishes. The Banks-Zaks (BZ) expansion in a0=(8/321)(16.5-nf) is
straightforward to obtain from perturbative results in MSbar or any
renormalization scheme (RS) whose nf dependence is `regular.' However,
`irregular' RS's are perfectly permissible and should ultimately lead to the
same BZ results. We show here that the `optimal' RS determined by the Principle
of Minimal Sensitivity does yield the same BZ-expansion results when all orders
of perturbation theory are taken into account. The BZ limit provides an arena
for exploring optimized perturbation theory at arbitrarily high orders. These
explorations are facilitated by a `master equation' expressing the optimization
conditions in the fixed-point limit. We find an intriguing strong/weak coupling
duality a -> a*^2/a about the fixed point a*.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figure
Measurement of isolated-photon pair production in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the production cross section of events with two isolated photons in the final state, in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV. The full data set collected in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb(-1), is used. The amount of background, from hadronic jets and isolated electrons, is estimated with data-driven techniques and subtracted. The total cross section, for two isolated photons with transverse energies above 25 GeV and 22 GeV respectively, in the acceptance of the electromagnetic calorimeter (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.37 and 1.52 < vertical bar eta vertical bar 2.37) and with an angular separation Delta R > 0.4, is 44.0(-4.2)(+3.2) pb. The differential cross sections as a function of the di-photon invariant mass, transverse momentum, azimuthal separation, and cosine of the polar angle of the largest transverse energy photon in the Collins-Soper di-photon rest frame are also measured. The results are compared to the prediction of leading-order parton-shower and next-to-leading-order and next-to-next-to-leading-order parton-level generators
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics: A tutorial.

International audienceTwo-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins has preceded, and accompanied, the birth of proteomics. Although it is no longer the only experimental scheme used in modern proteomics, it still has distinct features and advantages. The purpose of this tutorial paper is to guide the reader through the history of the field, then through the main steps of the process, from sample preparation to in-gel detection of proteins, commenting the constraints and caveats of the technique. Then the limitations and positive features of two-dimensional electrophoresis are discussed (e.g. its unique ability to separate complete proteins and its easy interfacing with immunoblotting techniques), so that the optimal type of applications of this technique in current and future proteomics can be perceived. This is illustrated by a detailed example taken from the literature and commented in detail. This Tutorial is part of the International Proteomics Tutorial Programme (IPTP 2)
Ultradispersed Electro-explosive Iron Powders as Catalysts for Synthesis of Liquid Hydrocarbons of CO and H[2]

Catalytic activity of ultradispersed iron powders (UDIP) obtained by electric explosion of the conductor in media of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch method was studied. It was shown that iron powder obtained in media of CO[2] has the highest specific surface area. A sample of powder was pelletized at pressure of 21 MPa during 30 seconds with use of 10 mass% polyvinyl alcohol as adhesive for experimentation in catalytic system. Catalyst fraction of 1-2 mm was selected for study. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 1 MPa, 300 mln/min of total reactants consumption, and varied values of temperature and reactants ratio. The maximal conversion level of CO was reached at 290°С and reactants ratio of H[2]:CO=2 in the initial mixture. It was shown that UDIP has high activity at lowered concentration of hydrogen in the initial mixture. The obtained mixture of liquid hydrocarbons is applicable for further refining for upgrading and improving of operating features
Search for new physics in the multijet and missing transverse momentum final state in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

A search for new physics is performed in multijet events with large missing transverse momentum produced in proton-proton collisions at s√ = 8 TeV using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample is divided into three jet multiplicity categories (3-5, 6-7, and ≥8 jets), and studied further in bins of two variables: the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta and the missing transverse momentum. The observed numbers of events in various categories are consistent with backgrounds expected from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are presented for several simplified supersymmetric models of squark or gluino pair production
Resonant raman scattering in CdSxSe1-x nanocrystals : effects of phonon confinement, composition and elastic strain

Optical phonon modes confined in CdSxSe1-x nanocrystal (NC) quantum dots (≈ 2 nm in
radius) grown in a glass matrix by the melting-nucleation method, were studied by means
of resonant Raman scattering (RRS)spectroscopy and theoretical modelling. The formation of nanocrystalline quantum dots (QDs) is evidenced by the observation of absorption peaks and theoretically expected resonance bands in the RRS excitation spectra. Since the underlying material is a ternary alloy, this system offers the possibility to investigate the nterplay between the effects of phonon localization by disorder and phonon confinement by the NC/matrix interface. Based on the concept of propagating optical phonons, accepted
for two-mode pseudo-binary alloys in their bulk form, we extended the continuous lattice
dynamics model that has successfully been used for nearly-spherical NCs of binary
materials, to the present case. After determining the alloy composition for NCs (that can be evaluated with only 2-3% uncertainty using the bulk longitudinal optical phonon frequencies) and the NC size (using atomic force microscopy and optical absorption data), the experimental RRS spectra were described rather well by this theory, including the lineshape and polarization dependence of the scattering intensity. Even though the presence
of a compressive strain in the NCs, introduced by the matrix masks the expected downward shift owing to the phonons’ spatial quantization, the asymmetric broadening of both Raman peaks is similar to that characteristic of NCs of pure binary materials. Although with some caution, we suggest that both CdSe-like and CdS-like optical phonon modes indeed are propagating within the NC size (and not localized by disorder at a shorter length scale) unless the alloy is considerably heterogeneous.Portuguese Foundation for Science
and Technology (FCT
Effects in the affect misattribution procedure are modulated by feature-specific attention allocation

We examined whether automatic stimulus evaluation as measured by the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) is moderated by the degree to which attention is assigned to the evaluative stimulus dimension (i.e., feature-specific attention allocation, FSAA). In two experiments, one group of participants completed a standard AMP while attending to evaluative stimulus information. A second group of participants completed the AMP while attending to non-evaluative stimulus information. In line with earlier work, larger AMP effects were observed when participants were encouraged to attend to evaluative stimulus information than when they were not. These observations support the idea that the impact of FSAA on measures of automatic stimulus evaluation results from a genuine change in the degree of automatic stimulus evaluation rather than a change in the degree to which automatic stimulus evaluation is picked up by these measures