pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spartina maritima influence on the dynamics of the phosphorus sedimentary cycle in a warm temperate estuary (Mondego estuary, Portugal)

Abstract  During the last decades the Mondego estuary has been under severe ecological stress mainly caused by eutrophication. In this salt march system, Spartina maritima covers about 10.5 ha of the intertidal areas. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Spartina maritima marshes on the dynamics of phosphorus (P) binding in the surface sediment. We compare phosphate and oxygen fluxes, P-adsorption capacity, phosphate concentrations and total amount, and the extractable P forms in the upper 20 cm of sediment in vegetated sediment with adjacent mudflats without vegetation. Sediment pore-water profiles followed a clear trend, with lower P concentrations in more superficial layers, and increasing with depth. The vegetated mudflats presented lower concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus than adjacent bare bottom mudflats, lower phosphate total amount, as well as higher P-adsorption capacity. Results from the extraction procedure show that the superficial layers are the most important for estuarine phosphorus dynamics, since maximum concentrations of labile P pools are present here. In contrast, higher proportions of refractory P pool are found in deeper layers. Spartina marsh sediments had less total P, less iron bound P, and less exchangeable P than adjacent bare bottom mudflats. Also the pool of loosely sorbed P is lower in the Spartina marsh. Phosphate regeneration from the sediment to the overlying water was only 11.8 kg ha-1 year-1 in vegetated sediment while 25.8 kg ha-1 year-1 in the bare mud flat. Plant uptake for growth combined with an enhanced P-adsorption capacity of the sediment, may explain these differences. Therefore, Spartina marshes are very important agents in the sedimentary P cycle worldwide, and can be considered a useful management tool in estuarine ecosystem recovery efforts.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0679-
Normal vascular and biliary hepatic anatomy: 3D demonstration by multidetector CT

Abstract  Due to constant innovations in radiological and surgical techniques, more accurate results are expected in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to hepatic pathology. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the normal hepatic vascular and biliary anatomy using cadaveric livers and CT scans of the affected livers. Furthermore, using the CT scans, the authors intended to illustrate the most common morphological variations of the vascular and biliary anatomy. Four human cadaveric livers were injected with colored silicone mixed with radiological contrast solution in the common bile duct, in the proper hepatic artery, in the portal vein and in the inferior vena cava near the ostia of the hepatic veins (only one of these structures was injected in each liver). After obtaining the CT scans, 3D rendered models were created, which demonstrated the normal hepatic anatomy of the vascular and biliary structures. The International Anatomical Nomenclature was used for their classification (based on Couinaud’s work). The 3D rendered CT models were also modified to illustrate the most common normal variations of the hepatic anatomy (found in the literature).http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-007-0233-
A Role for Judgment Aggregation in Coauthoring Scientific Papers

This paper addresses the problem of judgment aggregation in science. How should scientists decide which propositions to assert in a collaborative document? We distinguish the question of what to write in a collaborative document from the question of collective belief. We argue that recent objections to the application of the formal literature on judgment aggregation to the problem of judgment aggregation in science apply to the latter, not the former question. The formal literature has introduced various desiderata for an aggregation procedure. Proposition-wise majority voting emerges as a procedure that satisfies all desiderata which represent norms of science. An interesting consequence is that not all collaborating scientists need to endorse every proposition asserted in a collaborative document
Kinect vs. low-cost inertial sensing for gesture recognition

In this paper, we investigate efficient recognition of human gestures / movements from multimedia and multimodal data, including the Microsoft Kinect and translational and rotational acceleration and velocity from wearable inertial sensors. We firstly present a system that automatically classifies a large range of activities (17 different gestures) using a random forest decision tree. Our system can achieve near real time recognition by appropriately selecting the sensors that led to the greatest contributing factor for a particular task. Features extracted from multimodal sensor data were used to train and evaluate a customized classifier. This novel technique is capable of successfully classifying various gestures with up to 91 % overall accuracy on a publicly available data set. Secondly we investigate a wide range of different motion capture modalities and compare their results in terms of gesture recognition accuracy using our proposed approach. We conclude that gesture recognition can be effectively performed by considering an approach that overcomes many of the limitations associated with the Kinect and potentially paves the way for low-cost gesture recognition in unconstrained environments
Torsion Degrees of Freedom in the Regge Calculus as Dislocations on the
  Simplicial Lattice

Using the notion of a general conical defect, the Regge Calculus is
generalized by allowing for dislocations on the simplicial lattice in addition
to the usual disclinations. Since disclinations and dislocations correspond to
curvature and torsion singularities, respectively, the method we propose
provides a natural way of discretizing gravitational theories with torsion
degrees of freedom like the Einstein-Cartan theory. A discrete version of the
Einstein-Cartan action is given and field equations are derived, demanding
stationarity of the action with respect to the discrete variables of the
theory
Improvement of energy-momentum tensor and non-Gaussianities in
  holographic cosmology

In holographic models of cosmology based on the (A)dS/CFT correspondence,
conformal symmetry is implicit in the dual description of the Universe.
Generically, however, one cannot expect the (broken) conformal invariance in
the cosmic fluctuations as only the scale invariance is manifest in
experiments. Also, in order for the prediction of the holographic models to
make sense, the conformal symmetry needs to be broken as the scalar mode of the
metric fluctuations becomes pure gauge in the conformal limit. We discuss the
improvement ambiguity of the energy-momentum tensor in this context and
construct a holographic model of the Universe that preserves the scale
invariance but not necessarily the full conformal invariance. Our sample
computation using a weakly coupled dual field theory shows that the orthogonal
type of non-Gaussianity is present over and above the equilateral type. The
improvement ambiguity corresponds to the choice of the energy momentum tensor
that will couple to our particle physics sector after inflation. Our results
show that the holographic prediction of the cosmological parameters crucially
depends on such a choice.Comment: 32 page
No Cosmological D=11 Supergravity

We show, in two complementary ways, that D=11 supergravity---in contrast to all its lower dimensional versions---forbids a cosmological extension. First, we linearize the putative model about an Anti de Sitter background and show that it cannot even support a "global" supersymmetry invariance; hence there is no Noether construction that can lead to a local supersymmetry. This is true with the usual 4-form field as well as for a "dual", 7-form, starting point. Second, a cohomology argument, starting from the original full nonlinear theory, establishes the absence of deformations involving spin 3/2 mass and cosmological terms. In both approaches, it is the form field that is responsible for the obstruction. ``Dualizing'' the cosmological constant to an 11-form field also fails
Genetic tracing of the epithelial lineage during mammalian kidney repair

Developing new therapeutic approaches to treat acute kidney injury requires a detailed understanding of endogenous cellular repair. Genetic fate mapping defines cellular hierarchies in vivo and we used this technique to assess a possible contribution of non-epithelial stem cells to renal repair after ischemic injury. Mice with efficient labeling of renal epithelial cells, but not non-epithelial interstitial cells, were subjected to a single cycle or sequential cycles of kidney injury and repair. No dilution of the epithelial cell fate marker was observed despite robust epithelial cell proliferation. Thus, non-tubular cells do not have the ability to migrate across the basement membrane and differentiate into epithelial cells in this model. Instead, surviving tubular epithelial cells are responsible for repair of the damaged nephron. Future studies will need to distinguish between uniform dedifferentiation and proliferation of all epithelial cells after injury versus selective expansion of an intratubular epithelial stem cell
Arc-elasticity and hierarchical exploration of the neighborhood of solutions in mechanical design

This work is a part of workpackage 300 in the AXSPAD project. Several partners are contributing to this project: Altep Ingenieries, AXS Analyse de structure and AIRCELLE groupe SAFRAN. In particular, the authors would like to thank Florent Braure, Guillaume Ruiz and Nicolas Gehin.In most industrial design processes, the approaches used to obtain a design solution that best fits the specification requirements result in many iterations of the “trial-and-error” type, starting from an initial solution. In this paper, a method is proposed to formalize the decision process in order to automate it, and to provide optimal design solutions. Two types of knowledge are formalized. The first expresses the satisfaction of design objectives, relating to physical behaviors of candidate design solutions. This formalization uses three models, an observation one, an interpretation one and an aggregation one; every design solution is qualified through a single performance variable (a single objective function). The second model is related to modifications that may or may not be applicable to the pre-existing solution. The Designer is often able to define preferences concerning design variables. Some modifications related to this pre-existing solution, can be preferred to other ones. A hierarchy of design variables is proposed to formalize these preferences. The concept of arc-elasticity is introduced as a post-processing indicator to qualify candidate solutions through a trade-off between the performance improvement and their relative distances to the initial solution. The proposed method is used and applied to a riveted assembly, and a genetic algorithm is used to identify optimal solutions
Language policy, in-migration and discursive debates in Wales

Drawing on theory from critical language policy literature, this article explores the impact of discourses on in-migration on Welsh language policy. By focussing on discursive debates surrounding the subject of in-migration, the article analyses how a range of actors produce and reproduce discourses on in-migration in Wales and how these discursive struggles impact on policy. It argues that, while certain actors have been able to construct a powerful discourse on in-migration through language debates, others have failed to make their voices heard and their views on the subject have been silenced. This unequal access to the production of discourse is not incidental; it is indicative of wider power structures at play within bilingual or multilingual language communities. Therefore, while the study focusses on Wales, the article highlights a theme that is relevant to all minoritized language groups, that of the interrelationship between policy, politics and power. It also stresses the importance of adopting an approach to language policy that takes into account both structure and agency alike, and confirms that language groups should not be conceptualised by number of speakers using categories such as ?dominant?, ?subordinate?, ?majority? and ?minority?, but rather by issues of power and status.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Luminal particles within cellular microtubules.

The regulation of microtubule dynamics is attributed to microtubule-associated proteins that bind to the microtubule outer surface, but little is known about cellular components that may associate with the internal side of microtubules. We used cryoelectron tomography to investigate in a quantitative manner the three dimensional structure of microtubules in intact mammalian cells. We show that the lumen of microtubules in this native state is filled with discrete, globular particles with a diameter of 7 nm and spacings between 8 and 20 nm in neuronal cells. Cross-sectional views of microtubules confirm the presence of luminal material in vitreous sections of brain tissue. Most of the luminal particles had connections to the microtubule wall, as revealed in tomograms. A higher accumulation of particles was seen near the retracting plus ends of microtubules. The luminal particles were abundant in neurons, but were also observed in other cells, such as astrocytes and stem cells
Effect of positioning on the accuracy of decision making of association football top-class referees and assistant referees during competitive matches

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of positioning on the correctness of decision making of top-class referees and assistant referees during international games. Match analyses were carried out during the Fe´de´ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Confederations Cup 2009 and 380 foul play incidents and 165 offside situations were examined. The error percentage for the referees when indicating the incidents averaged 14%. The lowest error percentage occurred in the central area of the field, where the collaboration of the assistant referee is limited, and was achieved when\ud
indicating the incidents from a distance of 11–15 m, whereas this percentage peaked (23%) in the last 15-min match period.\ud
The error rate for the assistant referees was 13%. Distance of the assistant referee to the offside line did not have an impact on the quality of the offside decision. The risk of making incorrect decisions was reduced when the assistant referees viewed the offside situations from an angle between 46 and 608. Incorrect offside decisions occurred twice as often in the second as in the first half of the games. Perceptual-cognitive training sessions specific to the requirements of the game should be\ud
implemented in the weekly schedule of football officials to reduce the overall error rate
Some consistent finite element formulations of 1-D beam models: a comparative study

A consistent Finite Element formulation was developed for four classical 1-D beam models. This formulation is based upon the solution of the homogeneous differential equation (or equations) associated with each model. Results such as the shape functions, stiffness matrices and consistent force vectors for the constant section beam were found. Some of these results were compared with the corresponding ones obtained by the standard Finite Element Method (i.e. using polynomial expansions for the field variables). Some of the difficulties reported in the literature concerning some of these models may be avoided by this technique and some numerical sensitivity analysis on this subject are presented
A discrete spectral model for intermediate crack debonding in FRP-strengthened RC beams

One of the common failure modes of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened in flexure with a bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is intermediate crack (IC) debonding, which is originated at a critical section in the vicinity of flexural cracks and propagates to a plate end. Despite considerable research over the last years, few reliable and simplified IC debonding strength models have been developed. This paper firstly presents a one-dimensional model based on the discrete crack approach for concrete and the spectral element method for the numerical simulation of the IC debonding process. The progressive formation of flexural cracks and subsequent concrete-FRP interfacial debonding is formulated by the introduction of a new element able to represent both phenomena simultaneously without perturbing the numerical procedure. Furthermore, with the proposed model, high frequency dynamic response for these kinds of structures can also be obtained in a very simple and non-expensive way, which makes this procedure very useful as a tool for diagnoses and detection of debonding in its initial stage by monitoring the change in local dynamic characteristics
World squid fisheries

Some 290 species of squids comprise the order Teuthida that belongs to the molluscan Class Cephalopoda. Of these, about 30–40 squid species have substantial commercial importance around the world. Squid fisheries make a rather small contribution to world landings from capture fisheries relative to that of fish, but the proportion has increased steadily over the last decade, with some signs of recent leveling off. The present overview describes all substantial squid fisheries around the globe. The main ecological and biological features of exploited stocks, and key aspects of fisheries management are presented for each commercial species of squid worldwide. The history and fishing methods used in squid fisheries are also described. Special attention has been paid to interactions between squid fisheries and marine ecosystems including the effects of fishing gear, the role of squid in ecosystem change induced by overfishing on groundfish, and ecosystem-based fishery management
On Dirac's incomplete analysis of gauge transformations

Dirac's approach to gauge symmetries is discussed. We follow closely the steps that led him from his conjecture concerning the generators of gauge transformations {\it at a given time} ---to be contrasted with the common view of gauge transformations as maps from solutions of the equations of motion into other solutions--- to his decision to artificially modify the dynamics, substituting the extended Hamiltonian (including all first-class  onstraints) for the total Hamiltonian (including only the primary first-class constraints). We show in detail that Dirac's analysis was incomplete and, in completing it, we prove that the fulfilment of Dirac's conjecture ---in the ``non-pathological" cases--- does not imply any need to modify the dynamics. We give a couple of simple but significant examples
Integrable λ -deformations: squashing coset CFTs and AdS 5 × S 5

We examine integrable λ -deformations of SO( n + 1) / SO( n ) coset CFTs and their analytic continuations. We provide an interpretation of the deformation as a squashing of the corresponding coset σ -model’s target space. We realise the λ -deformation for n = 5 case as a solution to supergravity supported by non-vanishing five-form and dilaton. This interpolates between the coset CFT SO(4 , 2) / SO(4 , 1) × SO(6) / SO(5) constructed as a gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the AdS 5 × S 5 spacetime
Black hole solutions in R 2 gravity

We find static spherically symmetric solutions of scale invariant R 2 gravity. The latter has been shown to be equivalent to General Relativity with a positive cosmological constant and a scalar mode. Therefore, one expects that solutions of the R 2 theory will be identical to that of Einstein theory. Indeed, we find that the solutions of R 2 gravity are in one-to-one correspondence with solutions of General Relativity in the case of non-vanishing Ricci scalar. However, scalar-flat R = 0 solutions are global minima of the R 2 action and they cannot in general be mapped to solutions of the Einstein theory. As we will discuss, the R = 0 solutions arise in Einstein gravity as solutions in the tensionless, strong coupling limit M P → 0. As a further result, there is no corresponding Birkhoff theorem and the Schwarzschild black hole is by no means unique in this framework. In fact, R 2 gravity has a rich structure of vacuum static spherically symmetric solutions partially uncovered here. We also find charged static spherically symmetric backgrounds coupled to a U(1) field. Finally, we provide the entropy and energy formulas for the R 2 theory and we find that entropy and energy vanish for scalar-flat backgrounds
REGULATION OF MEMBRANE BAND 3 TYR-PHOSPHORYLATION BY PROTEOLYSIS OF P72 AND POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT IN SENESCENCE PROCESS

Erythrocyte senescence is characterized by exposure of
cell surface epitopes on cell membrane proteins leading
to immune mediated removal of red blood cells. One
mechanism for antigen formation is tyrosine phosphorylation
(Tyr-P) of the transmembrane protein
band 3 by Syk kinase. Our aim was to test the hypothesis
that proteolytic activation of Syk kinase by conversion
from 72 kDa (p72Syk) to the 36 kDa (p36Syk)
isoform enhances its phosphorylating activity independently
of the association of Syk kinase with the cytoskeleton.
Tyr-P assay was conducted using quantification
of 32P uptake into the cytoplasmic domain of band
3 after addition of p72Syk or p36Syk. Effect of prephosphorylation
of erythrocyte membrane band 3
protein by p36Syk on p72Syk-mediated phosphorylation
and the effect of addition of a protease inhibitor (leupeptin)
on p72Syk-mediated phosphorylation were
studied by autoradiographic visualization of 32P uptake.
Tyr-P by Syk isoforms of membrane skeletal and
soluble fractions of band 3 was visualized by immunoblotting.
It was found that p36Syk had a higher band 3
tyrosine phosphorylating activity compared with
p72Syk. Pre-phosphorylation with p36Syk or p72Syk
increased band 3 phosphorylating activity. Protease
inhibition treatment reduced p72Syk but not p36Syk
band 3 tyrosine phosphorylating activity significantly.
Both soluble and membrane skeletal fractions of band
3 protein were equally tyrosine phosphorylated by each
Syk isoform. In conclusion, we confirmed the hypothesis
that proteolytic cleavage of p72Syk is an important
regulatory step for band 3 Tyr-P and its independence
of the association of band 3 with the cytoskeleton
Retinal vessel segmentation using multi-scale textons derived from keypoints

This paper presents a retinal vessel segmentation algorithm which uses a texton dictionary to classify vessel/non-vessel pixels. However, in contrast to previous work where filter parameters are learnt from manually labelled image pixels our filter parameters are derived from a smaller set of image features that we call keypoints. A Gabor filter bank, parameterised empirically by ROC analysis, is used to extract keypoints representing significant scale specific vessel features using an approach inspired by the SIFT algorithm. We first determine keypoints using a validation set and then derive seeds from these points to initialise a k-means clustering algorithm which builds a texton dictionary from another training set. During testing we use a simple 1-NN classifier to identify vessel/non-vessel pixels and evaluate our system using the DRIVE database. We achieve average values of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 78.12%, 96.68% and 95.05% respectively. We find that clusters of filter responses from keypoints are more robust than those derived from hand-labelled pixels. This, in turn yields textons more representative of vessel/non-vessel classes and mitigates problems arising due to intra and inter-observer variability