pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry, Geochronology and mineralisation potential of the granites in the Central Iberian Zone: The Jalama batholith

The Jalama batholith (Spain and Portugal) is one of the numerous granites ofthe Central Iberian Zone with Sn- and\ud
W-associated mineralisation. On the basis of petrographical and geochemical characterisation three types of granite\ud
have been distinguished: inhomogeneous granitoids, porphyrytic granites and leucogranites, all of these being\ud
peraluminous and subalkaline. All the granites correspond to S-type granites. The field data, the petrography and lack\ud
of geochemical affinity relationships of the leucogranites with the remaining granites indicate that their geneses\ud
correspond to an independent magma batch and superimposed fractional crystallisation process. The granitic units\ud
show subparallel REE patterns. There is a decrease in total REE and an increase in the negative Eu anomaly from the\ud
inhomogeneous granitoids to leucogranites. Some leucogranites show relatively low contents of Sn and W almost\ud
certainly due to segregation in the magma of a melt rich in water carrying Sn-W. These elements are concentrated in\ud
the water phase, which eventually gives rise to Sn-W-associated mineralisation.\ud
The ages obtained by means of a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron for the granites mainly indicate an early intrusion of\ud
the inhomogeneous granitoids (319 ± 10 Ma), followed in time by porphyrytic granites (279 ±9 Ma), which can be\ud
associated to the late-post-kinematic granites within the third Variscan deformation phase (D3).\ud
Apart from the average Sn content, the variations of trace elements, principally Sr, Ba, Rb, Th and P, establish that\ud
the porphyritic granites and the inhomogeneous granitoids will be barren granites while the leucogranites and the\ud
subfacies at the margin of the porphyritic granites correspond to granites with mineralisation potential. It is precisely\ud
in these granites ofthe Jálama batholith that the Sn-W mineralisation is located, for which the criteria utilised has been\ud
demonstrated to be effective
Inspection model and correlation functions to assist in the correction of qualitative defects of injected parts

To perform quality inspection in the injection process is a complex task due to high number of defects that could occur in an injected part and the high number of process parameters that could produce them. Injection defects, in particular qualitative ones, are not a clear reference to determine correct process parameter value setting to produce good quality parts. Research results show that the occurrence of each injection defect could be caused by specific parameters with values above or below an optimal one. Although this information is a guide for the defect correction, the effective correction of qualitative defects with parameter modifications is very complex. This is due to the problems that arise when transforming a qualitative defect into a quantitative inspection. This article shows an inspection model to assist the qualitative defect intensity classification using defect behavior tendency curves. These curves have been deduced from generic analytical relationships established between injection defects and injection process parameters. Conducted tests allow validating the approach and its initial effectiveness
Upper limits to absorption enhancement in thick solar cells using diffraction gratings

The application of diffraction gratings to solar cells is a promising approach to superseding the light trapping limits of conventional Lambertian structures. In this paper a mathematical formalism is derived for calculating the absorption that can be expected in a solar cell equipped with a diffraction grating, which can be applied to any lattice geometry and grating profile. Furthermore, the formalism is used to calculate the upper limit of total absorption that can theoretically be achieved using a diffraction grating. The derived formalism and limits are valid when the solar cell thickness is greater than the coherence length of the illuminating solar spectrum. Comparison is made to the upper limit achievable using an angularly selective Rugate filter, which is also calculated. Both limits are found to be considerably higher than the Lambertian limit within the range of sunlight concentration factors practically employed in photovoltaic systems (1–1000×). The upper limit of absorption using the diffraction grating is shown to be equal to the thermodynamic limit for all absorbances and concentration factors. The limit for the Rugate filter is generally lower, but tends to the thermodynamic limit for lower cell absorbance
The servitization of European manufacturing industries

This paper provides new evidence for the servitization of European manufacturing – the trend that manufacturing firms increasingly offer services along with their physical products. We employ input-output data as well as data from a company survey to give a comprehensive picture of servitization across countries and industries.

The share of services in the output of manufacturing industries increased in the large majority of European countries between 1995 and 2005 and between 2000 and 2005. Service output of manu-facturing, however, is still small compared to the output of physical products. The highest service shares are found in small countries with a high degree of openness and R&D intensity. EU-12 Member States have lower shares of service output compared to the EU-15.

There is a strong link between servitization and technological innovation at different levels. Countries with the highest shares of services on manufacturing output have also the highest R&D intensities at the aggregate level. The service output of these countries consists predominantly of knowledge-intensive services. Highly innovative sectors reveal also the highest share of firms that offer services and the highest turnover generated with services. Examples are electrical and optical equipment, machinery, or the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. 

At the firm level, we find a U-shaped relationship between firm size and service output, which indicates that small, but also large manufacturing firms have advantages in servitization. Producers of complex, customized products tend to have a higher share of services in output than producers of simple, mass-produced goods. Moreover, firms which have launched products new to the market during the last two years are more likely to realize higher shares of turnover from services compared to companies which launched no products new to the market.
Experimentally valided approach for the simulation of the forging process using mechanical vibration

In this study, an experimental setup of a forging process has been designed which allows to apply vibrations to the lower die of amplitude ranging from 0 to 80 ?m at frequencies varying from 1 to 130Hz thanks to the use of a stack piezoelectric actuator fed by an electronic inverter. In order to explore those results, a coupling model has been developed to provide a design tool in a mechatronic frame which consists of an analytical model of the forging process based on simplified visco-plastic laws and a state space model of the piezoelectric actuator based on a finite element approach [1]. The coupling model can be used to analyse the important parameters of the whole process in order to optimize the forging process design using mechanical vibrations or to control the process if necessary. A finite element simulation of forging process using mechanical vibration based on finite element software Forge2008® is also presented in this study. The results obtained by experiment, finite element simulation and simulation using the model above are compared in the case of simple upsetting, with good agreement. Moreover, it can be concluded that high frequencies are not required to observe this phenomenon. Finally visco-plasticity phenomenon is not self-sufficient to
explain completely the force reduction
Polyphenolic profile characterization of Agrimonia eupatoria L. by HPLC with different detection devices

Liquid chromatography coupled to diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection was used to establish the polyphenolic profile of an ethyl acetate fraction from Agrimonia eupatoria L. aqueous-alcoholic extract. Additionally, an HPLC technique with post-column derivatization by p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde was employed for the selective detection and quantification of flavan-3-ols. Important information was obtained by combining the data of these two HPLC techniques. Flavan-3-ols (catechin and procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B6, B7, C1, C2 and epicatechin-epicatechin-catechin), quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 3-O-(6Prime-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, apigenin 6-C-glucoside and various phenolic acids were identified. Antioxidant activity of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. fraction containing these compounds was assessed through the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances methods. Significant activity was observed for this fraction, where compounds with recognized antiinflammatory properties such as procyanidins, kaempferol 3-O-(6Prime-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside and quercetin glycosides were identified for the first time. These results are predictive of the beneficial effects of this fraction, or some of its compounds, in human health, as possible anti-inflammatory drug. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bmc.53
Food consumption by the larvae of Sericostoma vittatum (Trichoptera), an endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula

The caddisfly Sericostoma vittatum Rambur (Trichoptera: Sericostomatidae) is an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. Under laboratory conditions, larvae of S. vittatum had a higher activity and metabolism during the night. Besides consuming particulate allochthonous organic matter, young stages are also able to feed and grow on faecal pellets from adults. Daily growth rates varied from 0.02 mg (0.8–3.7 mg size class animals) to 0.31 mg dry mass (10.6–22.8 mg size class animals). Due to the high densities of this species (annual mean of 25 individuals m-2; maximum of 96 individuals m-2) and high consumption rates (0.47 mg leaf dry mass mg animal-1 d-1for small larvae), this species has a potential key role on the fragmentation of allochthonous organic matter of streams in central Portugal.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100418931695
Determination of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in hospital and municipal wastewaters in Coimbra by liquid chromatography with a monolithic column and fluorescence detection

Abstract  The main goal of this work was determination of residues of the antibiotics ofloxacin (OFLO), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), and enrofloxacin (ENRO) in wastewater samples. The samples, after acidification to pH 4.5 and addition of EDTA, were extracted on an anion-exchange cartridge in tandem with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The LC–FD method, developed in previous studies, was based on application of a monolithic C18 column. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 250 ng L-1 for OFLO, 25 ng L-1 for NOR and CIPRO, and 50 ng L-1 for ENRO. Mean recovery ranged between 75 and 121% for OFLO, NOR, CIPRO, and ENRO. A total of 14 wastewater samples were analyzed; these were collected from four hospitals and from influent and effluent from a wastewater-treatment plant in Coimbra, Portugal, during spring and autumn. CIPRO was present in all the samples, NOR was detected second most often, followed by OFLO. ENRO was found at concentrations under the LOQ in five hospital samples, and the highest level was found in influent from the WWTP.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2020-
The Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Presymptomatic Testing for Machado-Joseph Disease: Development of a New Self-Response Inventory

This study describes the construction of a self-response inventory to evaluate the perception of advantages and disadvantages of the Machado-Joseph disease presymptomatic testing, in 44 individuals at-risk for this disease. The results showed that the reliability of this inventory was satisfactory. Factor analysis revealed a bidimensional structure: perceived advantages (pros) and perceived disadvantages (cons) of presymptomatic testing. Social desirability was found unrelated to the total scores of our inventory. Additional correlation studies, with other scales, confirmed the convergent validity of the instrument. These results suggest adequate construct validity. This inventory thus seems to be a proper instrument to assess expectations involved in the decision-making process of Machado-Joseph disease presymptomatic testing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10897-006-9033-
Occurrence of Plant-Uncoupling Mitochondrial Protein (PUMP) in Diverse Organs and Tissues of Several Plants

The presence of plant-uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP), previously described by Vercesi et al. (1995), was screened in mitochondria of various organs or tissues of several plant species. This was done functionally, by monitoring purine nucleotide-sensitive linoleic acid-induced uncoupling, or by Western blots. The following findings were established: (1) PUMP was found in most of the higher plants tested; (2) since ATP inhibition of linoleic acid-induced membrane potential decrease varied, PUMP content might differ in different plant tissues, as observed with mitochondria from maize roots, maize seeds, spinach leaves, wheat shoots, carrot roots, cauliflower, broccoli, maize shoots, turnip root, and potato calli. Western blots also indicated PUMP presence in oat shoots, carnation petals, onion bulbs, red beet root, green cabbage, and Sedum leaves. (3) PUMP was not detected in mushrooms. We conclude that PUMP is likely present in the mitochondria of organs and tissues of all higher plants.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100564822643
Effect and analysis of phenolic compounds during somatic embryogenesis induction in  Feijoa sellowiana Berg

Summary.  The effect of phenolic compounds on somatic embryogenesis in Feijoa sellowiana was analysed. The results showed that caffeic acid (140–560 µM) significantly increased somatic embryogenesis induction compared with the control. The presence of phloridzin, even at lower concentrations (11.5 µM), or caffeic acid or phloroglucinol at concentrations greater than 140.0 and 197.5 µM, respectively, inhibited somatic embryo development beyond the globular stage. When somatic embryos were transferred to the germination medium, the highest rates of germination (81.9%) were obtained with embryos induced in the presence of phloroglucinol (79.0 µM). At all concentrations tested, somatic embryos induced in medium containing phloroglucinol germinated at higher rates than those induced in the presence of caffeic acid. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that somatic embryos were formed in close association with phenolic-rich cells which, in more advanced stages of development, formed a zone isolating the embryo from the maternal tissue. A comparative analysis of total phenolic content indicated that phenolics reached a peak by the third week of culture, independently of the medium used. However, after that period, the amount of phenolic compounds was significantly higher in explants cultured in the presence of phloroglucinol than in those cultured in the control or in caffeic acid-containing medium. Attempts to identify the type of phenolic compounds showed that flavan-3-ols and gallic acid derivatives were mainly produced in phloroglucinol-containing medium, whereas flavanones and dihydroflavonols were also present in medium containing caffeic acid. Flavones were the main phenols detected in the control. The ways in which phenolic compounds may affect somatic embryogenesis are discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-008-0290-
Shape filtering for false positive reduction at computed tomography colonography

In this paper, we treat the problem of reducing the false positives (FP) in the automatic detection of colorectal polyps at Computer Aided Detection in Computed Tomography Colonography (CAD-CTC) as a shape-filtering task. From the extracted candidate surface, we obtain a reliable shape distribution function and analyse it in the Fourier domain and use the resulting spectral data to classify the candidate surface as belonging to a polyp or a non-polyp class. The developed shape filtering scheme is computationally efficient (takes approximately 2 seconds per dataset to detect the polyps from the colonic surface) and offers robust polyp detection with an overall false positive rate of 5.44 per dataset at a sensitivity of 100% for polyps greater than 10mm when it was applied to standard and low dose CT data
Automatic segmentation of the left ventricle cavity and myocardium in MRI data

A novel approach for the automatic segmentation has been developed to extract the epi-cardium and endo-cardium boundaries of the left ventricle (lv) of the heart. The developed segmentation scheme takes multi-slice and multi-phase magnetic resonance (MR) images of the heart, transversing the short-axis length from the base to the apex. Each image is taken at one instance in the heart's phase. The images are segmented using a diffusion-based filter followed by an unsupervised clustering technique and the resulting labels are checked to locate the (lv) cavity. From cardiac anatomy, the closest pool of blood to the lv cavity is the right ventricle cavity. The wall between these two blood-pools (interventricular septum) is measured to give an approximate thickness for the myocardium. This value is used when a radial search is performed on a gradient image to find appropriate robust segments of the epi-cardium boundary. The robust edge segments are then joined using a normal spline curve. Experimental results are presented with very encouraging qualitative and quantitative results and a comparison is made against the state-of-the art level-sets method
Model reduction of weakly nonlinear systems

In general, model reduction techniques fall into two categories — moment —matching and Krylov techniques and balancing techniques. The present contribution is concerned with the former. The present contribution proposes the use of a perturbative representation as an alternative to the bilinear representation [4]. While for weakly nonlinear systems, either approximation is satisfactory, it will be seen that the perturbative method has several advantages over the bilinear representation. In this contribution, an improved reduction method is proposed. Illustrative examples are chosen, and the errors obtained from the different reduction strategies will be compared
Two-color photoionization in xuv free-electron and visible laser fields

Two-photon ionization of atomic helium has been measured by combining femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH at DESY) with intense light pulses from a synchronized neodymium-doped yttrium lithium fluoride laser. Sidebands appear in the photoelectron spectra when the two laser pulses overlap in both space and time. Their intensity exhibits a characteristic dependence on the relative time delay between the ionizing and the dressing pulses and provides an inherent time marker for time-resolved pump-probe experiments. The measurements of the sidebands are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and allow for a direct analysis of two-photon ionization, free from processes related to interference between multiple quantum paths
Control and enhancement of the oxygen storage capacity of ceria films by variation of the deposition gas atmosphere during pulsed D.C. magnetron sputtering

In this study, nanostructured ceria (CeO2) films are deposited on Si(100) and ITO coated glass substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering using a CeO2 target. The influence on the films of using various gas ambients, such as a high purity Ar and a gas mixture of high purity Ar and O2, in the sputtering chamber during deposition are studied. The film compositions are studied using XPS and SIMS. These spectra show a phase transition from cubic CeO2 to hexagonal Ce2O3 due to the sputtering process. This is related to the transformation of Ce4+ to Ce3+ and indicates a chemically reduced state of CeO2 due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. TGA and electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies show that films deposited in an Ar atmosphere have a higher oxygen storage capacity (OSC) compared to films deposited in the presence of O2. CV results specifically show a linear variation with scan rate of the anodic peak currents for both films and the double layer capacitance values for films deposited in Ar/O2 mixed and Ar atmosphere are (1.6 ± 0.2) x 10-4 F and (4.3 ± 0.5) x 10-4 F, respectively. Also, TGA data shows that Ar sputtered samples have a tendency to greater oxygen losses upon reduction compared to the films sputtered in an Ar/O2 mixed atmosphere
Genes involved in ethylene and gibberellins metabolism are required for endosperm-limited germiantion of Sisymbrium officinales L. Seeds

The rupture of the seed coat and that of the endosperm were found to be two sequential events in the germination of Sisymbrium officinale L. seeds, and radicle protrusion did not occur exactly in the micropylar area but in the neighboring zone. The germination patterns were similar both in the presence of gibberellins (GA4+7) and in presence of ethrel. The analysis of genes involved in GAs synthesis and breakdown demonstrated that (1) SoGA2ox6 expression peaked just prior to radicle protrusion (20–22 h), while SoGA3ox2 and SoGA20ox2 expression was high at early imbibition (6 h) diminishing sharply thereafter; (2) the accumulation of SoGA20ox2 transcript was strongly inhibited by paclobutrazol (PB) as well as by inhibitors of ET synthesis and signaling (IESS) early after imbibition (6 h), while SoGA3ox2 and SoGA2ox6 expression was slowly depressed as germination progressed; (3) ethrel and GA4+7 positively or negatively affected expression of SoGA3ox2, SoGA20ox2, and SoGA2ox6, depending on the germination period studied. Regarding genes involved in ET synthesis, our results showed that SoACS7 was expressed, just prior to radicle emergence while SoACO2 expression slowly increased as germination progressed. Both genes were strongly inhibited by PB but were almost unaffected by externally added ethrel or GA4+7. These results suggest that GAs are more important than ET during the early stages of imbibition, while ET is more important at the late phases of germination of S. officinale L. seed
An experimental and Numerical Study of the Influence of local Effects on the applications of the fibre push-in test

Several methods, such as pull-out, microbond and push-in/push-out tests, have been developed to test interfacial adhesion in composite materials. Some of them can only be applied to single-fibre matrix composites, like the microbond test, and others are difficult to perform on brittle fibres due to premature fracture of the fibre. Push-in tests, consisting of pushing the fibre with a micro- or nanoindenter on a bulk specimen, constitute a powerful technique that can be applied directly to composite laminates. However, the interfacial adhesion values obtained from different tests (microbond, push-in) often differ and even the results from one type of test are subjected to a large scatter. This might be due to the fact that the existing analytical solutions that are typically used to interpret the experimental data take into account the constraining effect of the surrounding fibres on a simplified manner. To study interfacial adhesion and the effect of the constraint of the neighbouring fibres, a micromechanical model of the push-in test was developed, coupled with experimental adhesion testing in a glass fibre-reinforced epoxy matrix composite. The model takes into account the interfacial fracture process by means of interface cohesive elements at the fibre–matrix interface and focusses on the study of the constraining effects due to the local configuration of the surrounding fibres