pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Interactions and dynamics in Li+Li2 ultracold collisions.

A potential energy surface for the lowest quartet electronic state (A′4) of lithium trimer is developed and used to study spin-polarized Li+Li2collisions at ultralow kinetic energies. The potential energy surface allows barrierless atom exchange reactions. Elastic and inelastic cross sections are calculated for collisions involving a variety of rovibrational states of Li2. Inelastic collisions are responsible for trap loss in molecule production experiments. Isotope effects and the sensitivity of the results to details of the potential energy surface are investigated. It is found that for vibrationally excited states, the cross sections are only quite weakly dependent on details of the potential energy surface
Tunes stuck in your brain : the frequency and affective evaluation of involuntary musical imagery correlate with cortical structure.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the neuroscience of spontaneous cognition. One form of such cognition is involuntary musical imagery (INMI), the non-pathological and everyday experience of having music in one’s head, in the absence of an external stimulus. In this study, aspects of INMI, including frequency and affective evaluation, were measured by self-report in 44 subjects and related to variation in brain structure in these individuals. Frequency of INMI was related to cortical thickness in regions of right frontal and temporal cortices as well as the anterior cingulate and left angular gyrus. Affective aspects of INMI, namely the extent to which subjects wished to suppress INMI or considered them helpful, were related to gray matter volume in right temporopolar and parahippocampal cortices respectively. These results provide the first evidence that INMI is a common internal experience recruiting brain networks involved in perception, emotions, memory and spontaneous thoughts
Pension plan solvency and extreme market movements: a regime switching approach

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/\ud
licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly\ud
cited.We develop and test a new approach to assess defined benefit (DB) pension plan solvency risk in the presence of extreme market movements. Our method captures both the ‘fat-tailed’ nature of asset returns and their correlation with discount rate changes. We show that the standard assumption of constant discount rates leads to dramatic underestimation of future projections of pension plan solvency risk. Failing to incorporate leptokurtosis into asset returns also leads to downward biased estimates of risk, but this is less pronounced than the time-varying discount rate effect. Further modifying the model to capture the correlation between asset returns and the discount rate provides additional improvements in the projection of future pension plan solvency. This reduces the perceived future risk of underfunding because of the negative correlation between interest rate changes and asset returns. These results have important implications for those with responsibility for balancing risk against expected return when seeking to improve the current poor funding positions of DB pension schemes
Atomistic investigation on the structure?property relationship during thermal spray nanoparticle impact.

During thermal spraying, hot particles impact on a colder substrate. This interaction of crystalline copper nanoparticles and copper substrate is modeled, using MD simulation. The quantitative results of the impacts at different velocities and temperatures are evaluated using a newly defined flattening aspect ratio. This ratio between the maximum diameter after the impact and the height of the splat increases with increasing Reynolds numbers until a critical value is reached. At higher Reynolds numbers the flattening aspect ratio decreases again, as the kinetic energy of the particle leads to increasing substrate temperature and, therefore, decreases the substrate resistance. Thus, the particle penetrates into the substrate and deforms less.J M Lessells travel scholarship from the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2013 RSE/J M Lessells Travel Scholarship) and International Research Fellowship account of Queen?s University, Belfast
Tuning the bulk properties of bidisperse granular mixtures by size ratio

By using Discrete Element simulations, we study the bulk properties of bidisperse granular mixtures. We focus on the role of the size ratio between components and show that the effective bulk modulus of a granular (base) assembly can be enhanced by up to 20% by substituting as little as 5% of its volume with smaller radius particles. Using particles of a similar size barely affects the average bulk properties of the assembly. On the other extreme, when a huge number of very small particles are included, most of them lie in the voids of the base material, acting as rattlers, leading to an overall weakening effect. In between the limits, for dense systems, an optimum size ratio that maximizes the bulk modulus of the mixture can be found. Conversely, loose systems always get weaker since more and more small particles become rattlers. Finally, we relate the mixture properties with the ‘typical’ pore size in a disordered structure as induced by the combined effect of operating volume fraction and size ratio
Path to AWAKE: Evolution of the concept

This report describes the conceptual steps in reaching the design of the
AWAKE experiment currently under construction at CERN. We start with an
introduction to plasma wakefield acceleration and the motivation for using
proton drivers. We then describe the self-modulation instability --- a key to
an early realization of the concept. This is then followed by the historical
development of the experimental design, where the critical issues that arose
and their solutions are described. We conclude with the design of the
experiment as it is being realized at CERN and some words on the future
outlook. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status as presented in
this conference is given in [1].Comment: 15 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, 111 references, 121 author from 36
  organization
Heavy pentaquark states $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$ in the $J/\psi$
  production induced by pion beams off the nucleon

In this study, we investigate the $J/\psi$ production induced by pion beams
off the nucleon, particularly the heavy pentaquarks $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$
in intermediate states, based on a hybridized Regge model. The process
involving $\rho$ and $\pi$ meson exchange in the $t$ channel is considered as
background, and the heavy pentaquark exchange is included in the $s$ channel.
The coupling constants such as the $\rho NN$ and $\pi NN$ vertices are taken
from the $NN$ potentials, whereas those for the $J/\psi\rho\pi$ and
$J/\psi\pi\pi$ vertices are determined by using experimental data based on the
branching ratios. In order to estimate the $P_c(4380)$ and $P_c(4450)$ coupling
constants, we use the experimental upper limit on the total cross section as a
guide for the $\pi N\to J/\psi N$ reaction. The background total cross section
is the order of $10^{-4}-10^{-3}$ nb. In the vicinity of the heavy pentaquark
masses, the total cross section reaches about $1$ nb.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Phys. Lets.
The impact of iron limitation on the physiology of the Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros simplex.

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Iron availability strongly governs the growth of Southern Ocean phytoplankton. To investigate how iron limitation affects photosynthesis as well as the uptake of carbon and iron in the Antarctic diatom Chaetoceros simplex, a combination of chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements and radiotracer incubations in the presence and absence of chemical inhibitors was conducted. Iron limitation in C. simplex led to a decline in growth rates, photochemical efficiency and structural changes in photosystem II (PSII), including a reorganisation of photosynthetic units in PSII and an increase in size of the functional absorption cross section of PSII. Iron-limited cells further exhibited a reduced plastoquinone pool and decreased photosynthetic electron transport rate, while non-photochemical quenching and relative xanthophyll pigment content were strongly increased, suggesting a photoprotective response. Additionally, iron limitation resulted in a strong decline in carbon fixation and thus the particulate organic carbon quotas. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that, independent of the iron supply, carbon fixation was dependent on internal, but not on extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity. Orthovanadate more strongly inhibited iron uptake in iron-limited cells, indicating that P-type ATPase transporters are involved in iron uptake. The stronger reduction in iron uptake by ascorbate in iron-limited cells suggests that the re-oxidation of iron is required before it can be taken up and further supports the presence of a high-affinity iron transport pathway. The measured changes to photosystem architecture and shifts in carbon and iron uptake strategies in C. simplex as a result of iron limitation provide evidence for a complex interaction of these processes to balance the iron requirements for photosynthesis and carbon demand for sustained growth in iron-limited waters.\u
On the new COMPASS measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function

Very recently, a new measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function $g_1^d (x)$ was reported by the COMPASS group. A main change from the old SMC measurement is a considerable improvement of the statistical accuracy in the low $x$ region $0.004 < x < 0.03$. We point out that the new COMPASS data for $g_1^d (x)$ as well as their QCD fits for $\Delta \Sigma$ and $\Delta s + \Delta \bar{s}$ are all remarkably close to our theoretical prediction given several years ago based on the chiral quark soliton model
The phenome analysis of mutant alleles in #Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Kinase# genes in rice reveals new potential targets for stress tolerant cereals

Plants are constantly exposed to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that reduce their fitness and performance. At the molecular level, the perception of extracellular stimuli and the subsequent activation of defense responses require a complex interplay of signaling cascades, in which protein phosphorylation plays a central role. Several studies have shown that some members of the Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Kinase (LRR-RLK) family are involved in stress and developmental pathways. We report here a systematic analysis of the role of the members of this gene family by mutant phenotyping in the monocotyledon model plant rice, Oryza sativa. We have then targeted 176 of the ∼320 LRR-RLK genes (55.7%) and genotyped 288 mutant lines. Position of the insertion was confirmed in 128 lines corresponding to 100 LRR-RLK genes (31.6% of the entire family). All mutant lines harboring homozygous insertions have been screened for phenotypes under normal conditions and under various abiotic stresses. Mutant plants have been observed at several stages of growth, from seedlings in Petri dishes to flowering and grain filling under greenhouse conditions. Our results show that 37 of the LRR-RLK rice genes are potential targets for improvement especially in the generation of abiotic stress tolerant cereals. (Résumé d'auteur
Search for light top squark pair production in final states with leptons and b-jets with the ATLAS detector in root s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

The results of a search for pair production of light top squarks are presented, using 4.7 fb(-1) of root s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This search targets top squarks with masses similar to, or lighter than, the top quark mass. Final states containing exclusively one or two leptons (e, mu), large missing transverse momentum, light-flavour jets and b-jets are used to reconstruct the top squark pair system. Event-based mass scale variables are used to separate the signal from a large t (t) over bar background. No excess over the Standard Model expectations is found. The results are interpreted in the framework of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, assuming the top squark decays exclusively to a chargino and a b-quark, while requiring different mass relationships between the Supersymmetric particles in the decay chain. Light top squarks with masses between 123-167 GeV are excluded for neutralino masses around 55 GeV
Search for a CP-odd higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at root s=8 Tev with the ATLAS detector

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1). Decays of CP-even h bosons to tau tau or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h -> bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for sigma(gg -> A) x BR(A -> Zh) x BR(h -> f (f) over bar) are 0.098-0.013 pb for f = tau and 0.57-0.014 pb for f = b in a range of m(A) = 220-1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models
Angular momentum redistribution by mixed modes in evolved low-mass stars
 : 
I. Theoretical formalism

International audienceSeismic observations by the space-borne mission Kepler have shown that the core of red giant stars slows down while evolving, requiring an efficient physical mechanism to extract angular momentum from the inner layers. Current stellar evolution codes fail to reproduce the observed rotation rates by several orders of magnitude and instead predict a drastic spin-up of red giant cores. New efficient mechanisms of angular momentum transport are thus required. In this framework, our aim is to investigate the possibility that mixed modes extract angular momentum from the inner radiative regions of evolved low-mass stars. To this end, we consider the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) formalism, which allows us to consider the combined effect of both the wave momentum flux in the mean angular momentum equation and the wave heat flux in the mean entropy equation as well as their interplay with the meridional circulation. In radiative layers of evolved low-mass stars, the quasi-adiabatic approximation, the limit of slow rotation, and the asymptotic regime can be applied for mixed modes and enable us to establish a prescription for the wave fluxes in the mean equations. The formalism is finally applied to a 1.3 M⊙ benchmark model, representative of observed CoRoT and Kepler oscillating evolved stars. We show that the influence of the wave heat flux on the mean angular momentum is not negligible and that the overall effect of mixed modes is to extract angular momentum from the innermost region of the star. A quantitative and accurate estimate requires realistic values of mode amplitudes. This is provided in a companion paper
The flavin reductase ActVB from Streptomyces coelicolor: characterization of the electron transferase activity of the flavoprotein form.

International audienceThe flavin reductase ActVB is involved in the last step of actinorhodin biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. Although ActVB can be isolated with some FMN bound, this form was not involved in the flavin reductase activity. By studying the ferric reductase activity of ActVB, we show that its FMN-bound form exhibits a proper enzymatic activity of reduction of iron complexes by NADH. This shows that ActVB active site exhibits a dual property with regard to the FMN. It can use it as a substrate that goes in and off the active site or as a cofactor to provide an electron transferase activity to the polypeptide
Immunohematological reconstitution in pediatric patients after T-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation for thalassemia

To analyze immunohematologic reconstitution, particularly of natural killer (NK) cells, we evaluated 13 bthalassemia\ud
patients after 20 and 60 days and 1 year posttransplantation with T cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical\ud
stem cells. We assessed lymphocyte and bone marrow (BM) progenitor cell phenotype and differentiation\ud
capacity, spontaneous BM cytokine production, stromal cells, and stromal cell interleukin (IL)-7\ud
production. A reduced clonogenic capability manifested at day 120. Patients had significantly lower\ud
CD41 T cells versus controls, mainly in the CD45RA1CD62L1 subset. NKs were among the first lymphocytes\ud
to repopulate the peripheral blood. At day 160, an increase in primitive BM progenitor cells paralleled\ud
small increases in CD41, naı¨ve CD41, and thymic naı¨ve Th cells. A significant increase in CD41 and CD81\ud
markers paralleled an increase in CD32CD161 NKs, especially with full engraftment. In patients with stable\ud
mixed chimerism we observed very low levels of CD31 donor chimerism early after transplant that increased\ud
over time, but a stable population of high donor NK cells, suggesting a role of these cells on donor\ud
engraftment. Stromal cells secreted less IL-7 and displayed ‘‘macrophage-like’’ morphology. Patients initially\ud
manifested impaired stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation capacity in parallel with altered T cell\ud
homeostasis and a reduced T cell naı¨ve compartment. We hypothesize that T cell compartment damage\ud
partly arises from altered new T cell production from the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells under stromal\ud
cytokine influence. NNK subset analysis might be useful for determining transplant outcome
Corticosteroid status inﬂuences the volume of the rat cingulate cortex: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Prova tipográfica (In Press)Imbalances in the corticosteroid milieu result in reductions in hippocampal volume in humans and experimental rodents. The
functional correlates of these changes include deﬁcits in cognitive performance and regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Since other limbic structures which are intricately connected with the hippocampal formation, also play an important role in behavioural and neuroendocrine functions, we here used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to analyse how two of these areas, the anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, respond to chronic alterations of adrenocortical status: hypocortisolism (induced by adrenalectomy, ADX), normocortisolism (ADX with low-dose corticosterone replacement), and hypercortisolism (ADX with high-dose dexamethasone supplementation). Hypercortisolism was associated with a signiﬁcant reduction in the volume (absolute and normalized) of the left anterior cingulate gyrus as measured by MRI and conﬁrmed using classical histological methods; a similar trend was observed in the right anterior cingulate region. In contrast, hypercortisolism did not inﬂuence the volume of the adjacent retrosplenial cortex. The volumes of the anterior cingulate gyrus and retrosplenial cortex were unaffected by the absence of adrenocortical hormones. These ﬁndings are the ﬁrst to suggest that corticosteroid inﬂuences on the structure of the limbic system extend beyond the hippocampal formation, i.e., to fronto-limbic areas also
Light-cone gauge NSR strings in noncritical dimensions II — Ramond sector

Light-cone gauge superstring theory in noncritical dimensions corresponds to a worldsheet theory with nonstandard longitudinal part in the conformal gauge. The longitudinal part of the worldsheet theory is a superconformal field theory called X ± CFT. We show that the X ± CFT combined with the super-reparametrization ghost system can be described by free variables. It is possible to express the correlation functions in terms of these free variables. Bosonizing the free variables, we construct the spin fields and BRST invariant vertex operators for the Ramond sector in the conformal gauge formulation. By using these vertex operators, we can rewrite the tree amplitudes of the noncritical light-cone gauge string field theory, with external lines in the (R,R) sector as well as those in the (NS,NS) sector, in a BRST invariant way
The effect of ‘crystallinity’ and structural disorder on the electrochemical performance of substituted nickel hydroxide electrodes

βbc-Nickel hydroxide exhibit non-uniform broadening reflections in their PXRD pattern due to the presence of structural disorder. βbc-Nickel hydroxide electrodes with smaller crystallite size and structural disorder reversibly exchanges 0.9e/Ni. Co/Zn/Ca/Cd-substituted βbc-nickel hydroxide samples also display non-uniform broadening of reflections in their powder X-ray diffraction patterns with smaller crystallite size and exchanges 0.7–0.8e/Ni. Hydrothermal treatment of βbc-nickel hydroxide slurry at 170 °C results in an ordering of reflections in their powder X-ray diffraction pattern with an increased crystallite size. Crystalline β-nickel hydroxide electrode reversibly exchanges 0.3–0.4e/Ni. Hydrothermal-treated Co/Zn/Ca/Cd-substituted βbc-nickel hydroxide slurries at 170 °C display sharp reflections with similar crystallite size and electrochemical activities as that of crystalline β-nickel hydroxide. This clearly demonstrates that partial substitution of Co/Zn/Ca/Cd in the nickel hydroxide matrix does not show any dramatic improvement in their electrochemical activity at 25–30 °C. Structural disordered material with smaller crystallite size delivers electrochemical activity close to theoretical capacity