pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Determining the absolute abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments: the <em>Lycopodium</em> marker-grain method put to the test

Absolute abundances (concentrations) of dinoflagellate cysts are often determined through the addition of\ud
Lycopodium clavatum marker-grains as a spike to a sample before palynological processing. An interlaboratory\ud
calibration exercise was set up in order to test the comparability of results obtained in different\ud
laboratories, each using its own preparation method. Each of the 23 laboratories received the same amount of\ud
homogenized splits of four Quaternary sediment samples. The samples originate from different localities and\ud
consisted of a variety of lithologies. Dinoflagellate cysts were extracted and counted, and relative and\ud
absolute abundances were calculated. The relative abundances proved to be fairly reproducible,\ud
notwithstanding a need for taxonomic calibration. By contrast, excessive loss of Lycopodium spores during\ud
sample preparation resulted in non-reproducibility of absolute abundances. Use of oxidation, KOH, warm\ud
acids, acetolysis, mesh sizes larger than 15 μm and long ultrasonication (N1 min) must be avoided to\ud
determine reproducible absolute abundances. The results of this work therefore indicate that the dinoflagellate cyst worker should make a choice between using the proposed standard method which\ud
circumvents critical steps, adding Lycopodium tablets at the end of the preparation and using an alternative\ud
method
Understanding forecast failure of ESTAR models of real exchange rates

The forecast performance of the empirical ESTAR model of Taylor, Peel and Sarno
(2001) is examined for 4 bilateral real exchange rate series over an out-of-sample evaluation
period of nearly 12 years. Point as well as density forecasts are constructed,
considering forecast horizons of 1 to 22 steps head. The study finds that no forecast
gains over a simple AR(1) specification exist at any of the forecast horizons that are
considered, regardless of whether point or density forecasts are utilised in the evaluation.
Non-parametric methods are used in conjunction with simulation techniques
to learn about the models and their forecasts. It is shown graphically that the nonlinearity
in the point forecasts of the ESTAR model decreases as the forecast horizon
increases. The non-parametric methods show also that the multiple steps ahead forecast
densities are normal looking with no signs of bi-modality, skewness or kurtosis.
Overall, there seems little to be gained from using an ESTAR specification over a simple
AR(1) model.
Social choice with approximate interpersonal comparisons of well-being

Some social choice models assume that precise interpersonal comparisons of utility (either ordinal or cardinal) are possible, allowing a rich theory of distributive justice.  Other models assume that absolutely no interpersonal comparisons are possible, or even meaningful; hence all Pareto-efficient outcomes are equally socially desirable.  We compromise between these two extremes, by developing a model of `approximate' interpersonal comparisons of well-being, in terms of an incomplete preorder on the space of psychophysical states.  We then define and characterize `approximate' versions of the classical egalitarian and utilitarian social welfare orderings.  We show that even very weak assumptions about interpersonal comparability can yield preorders on the space of social alternatives which, while incomplete, are far more complete than the Pareto preorder (e.g. they select relatively small subsets of the Pareto frontier as being `socially optimal').  Along the way, we give sufficient conditions for an incomplete preorder to be representable using a collection of utility functions.  We also develop a variant of Harsanyi's Social Aggregation Theorem.
The Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Informal Labor Markets: A Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of the Brazilian Case.

Following trade liberalization, several developing countries experienced a sharp increase in the share of informal manufacturing employment. In this paper, I examine the impacts of trade liberalization on the labor markets of a small open economy, in an environment in which tariffs affect firms' payroll tax compliance decisions. I  demonstrate that a reduction in domestic import tariffs reduces the average formal wage and show that the direction of the effect on the share of informal employment depends on the initial labor market conditions. A cut in trading partner import tariffs decreases the share of domestic informal employment and increases the average formal wage. I
confirm the model's principal findings empirically, using data from the 1989-2001 Brazilian trade liberalization episode. I find the results robust to endogeneity and self-selection concerns, which are addressed, respectively, using instrumental variable and switching regression pproaches.
Searches for heavy long-lived sleptons and R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

ATLAS Contributor: Paul Douglas Jackson of School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.A search for long-lived particles is performed using a data sample of 4.7 fb⁻¹ from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy √s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No excess is observed above the estimated background and lower limits, at 95% confidence level, are set on the mass of the long-lived particles in different scenarios, based on their possible interactions in the inner detector, the calorimeters and the muon spectrometer. Long-lived staus in gauge-mediated SUSY-breaking models are excluded up to a mass of 300 GeV for tanβ=5–20. Directly produced long-lived sleptons are excluded up to a mass of 278 GeV. R-hadrons, composites of gluino (stop, sbottom) and light quarks, are excluded up to a mass of 985 GeV (683 GeV, 612 GeV) when using a generic interaction model. Additionally two sets of limits on R-hadrons are obtained that are less sensitive to the interaction model for R-hadrons. One set of limits is obtained using only the inner detector and calorimeter observables, and a second set of limits is obtained based on the inner detector alone.ATLAS Collaboratio
The EBLM Project : IV. Spectroscopic orbits of over 100 eclipsing M dwarfs masquerading as transiting hot-Jupiters

We present 2271 radial velocity measurements taken on 118 single-line binary stars, taken over eight years with the CORALIE spectrograph. The binaries consist of F/G/K primaries and M dwarf secondaries. They were initially discovered photometricallyby the WASP planet survey, as their shallow eclipses mimic a hot Jupiter transit. The observations we present permit a precise characterisation of the binary orbital elements and mass function. With modelling of the primary star, this mass function is converted to a mass of the secondary star. In the future, this spectroscopic work will be combined with precise photometric eclipses to draw anempirical mass/radius relation for the bottom of the mass sequence. This has applications in both stellar astrophysics and the growing number of exoplanet surveys around M dwarfs. In particular, we have discovered 34 systems with a secondary mass below 0.2M⊙ and so we will ultimately double the number of known very low-mass stars with well-characterised masses and radii.The quality of our data combined with the amplitude of the Doppler variations mean that we are able to detect eccentricities as small as 0.001 and orbital periods to sub-second precision. Our sample can revisit some earlier work on the tidal evolution of close binaries, extending it to low mass ratios. We find some exceptional binary systems that are eccentric at orbital periods below three days, while our longest circular orbit has a period of 10.4 days. Amongst our systems, we note one remarkable architecture in J1146-42 that boasts three stars within one astronomical unit. By collating the EBLM binaries with published WASP planets and brown dwarfs, we derive a mass spectrum with twice the resolutionof previous work. We compare the WASP/EBLM sample of tightly bound orbits with work in the literature on more distant companionsup to 10 AU. We note that the brown dwarf desert appears wider, as it carves into the planetary domain for our short-period orbits.This would mean that a significantly reduced abundance of planets begins at ∼3MJup, well before the deuterium-burning limit. This may shed light on the formation and migration history of massive gas giants.PostprintPeer reviewe
Human mate-choice copying is domain-general social learning.

Women appear to copy other women’s preferences for men’s faces. This ‘mate-choice copying’ is often taken as evidence of psychological adaptations for processing social information related to mate choice, for which facial information is assumed to be particularly salient. No experiment, however, has directly investigated whether women preferentially copy each other’s face preferences more than other preferences. Further, because prior experimental studies used artificial social information, the effect of real social information on attractiveness preferences is unknown. We collected attractiveness ratings of pictures of men’s faces, men’s hands, and abstract art given by heterosexual women, before and after they saw genuine social information gathered in real time from their peers. Ratings of faces were influenced by social information, but no more or less than were images of hands and abstract art. Our results suggest that evidence for domain-specific social learning mechanisms in humans is weaker than previously suggested
Chlorine-enabled electron doping in solution-synthesised SnSe thermoelectric nanomaterials

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.An aqueous solution method is developed for the facile synthesis of Cl-containing
SnSe nanoparticles in 10 g quantities per batch. The particle size and
Cl concentration of the nanoparticles can be efficiently tuned as a function of
reaction duration. Hot pressing produces n-type Cl-doped SnSe nanostructured
compacts with thermoelectric power factors optimized via control of Cl
dopant concentration. This approach, combining an energy-efficient solution
synthesis with hot pressing, provides a simple, rapid, and low-cost route to
high performance n-type SnSe thermoelectric materials.This work was financially supported by the EPSRC (EP/K022156/1).
The authors thank Peter Chung for assistance with SEM and Jialu
Chen for assistance with TEM elemental mapping. S.R.P. and J.-W.G.B.
acknowledge the EPSRC for support (EP/N01717X/1). H.F.G. and W.Z.
acknowledge the EPSRC for the Equipment Grant to purchase Titan
Themis 200 microscope (EP/L017008/1)
Conditional inference and advanced mathematical study.

Many mathematicians and curriculum bodies have argued in favour of the theory of formal discipline: that studying advanced mathematics develops one’s ability to reason logically. In this paper we explore this view by directly comparing the inferences drawn from abstract conditional statements by advanced mathematics students and well-educated arts students. The mathematics students in the study were found to endorse fewer invalid conditional inferences than the arts students, but they did not endorse significantly more valid inferences. We establish that both groups tended to endorse more inferences which led to negated conclusions than inferences which led to affirmative conclusions (a phenomenon known as the negative conclusion effect). In contrast, however, we demonstrate that, unlike the arts students, the mathematics students did not exhibit the affirmative premise effect: the tendency to endorse more inferences with affirmative premises than with negated premises. We speculate that this latter result may be due to an increased ability for successful mathematics students to be able to ‘see through’ opaque representations. Overall, our data are consistent with a version of the formal discipline view. However, there are important caveats; in particular, we demonstrate that there is no simplistic relationship between the study of advanced mathematics and conditional inference behaviour
Topological strings and 5d $T_N$ partition functions

We evaluate the Nekrasov partition function of 5d gauge theories engineered by webs of 5-branes, using the refined topological vertex on the dual Calabi-Yau threefolds. The theories include certain non-Lagrangian theories such as the T_N theory. The refined topological vertex computation generically contains contributions from decoupled M2-branes which are not charged under the 5d gauge symmetry engineered. We argue that, after eliminating them, the refined topological string partition function agrees with the 5d Nekrasov partition function. We explicitly check this for the T_3 theory as well as Sp(1) gauge theories with N_f = 2, 3, 4 flavors. In particular, our method leads to a new expression of the Sp(1) Nekrasov partition functions without any contour integrals. We also develop prescriptions to calculate the partition functions of theories obtained by Higgsing the T_N theory. We compute the partition function of the E_7 theory via this prescription, and find the E_7 global symmetry enhancement. We finally discuss a potential application of the refined topological vertex to non-toric web diagrams.We evaluate the Nekrasov partition function of 5d gauge theories engineered by webs of 5-branes, using the refined topological vertex on the dual Calabi-Yau threefolds. The theories include certain non-Lagrangian theories such as the T_N theory. The refined topological vertex computation generically contains contributions from decoupled M2-branes which are not charged under the 5d gauge symmetry engineered. We argue that, after eliminating them, the refined topological string partition function agrees with the 5d Nekrasov partition function. We explicitly check this for the T_3 theory as well as Sp(1) gauge theories with N_f = 2, 3, 4 flavors. In particular, our method leads to a new expression of the Sp(1) Nekrasov partition functions without any contour integrals. We also develop prescriptions to calculate the partition functions of theories obtained by Higgsing the T_N theory. We compute the partition function of the E_7 theory via this prescription, and find the E_7 global symmetry enhancement. We finally discuss a potential application of the refined topological vertex to non-toric web diagrams.
Concordant but Varied Phenotypes among Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patient-Specific Myoblasts Derived using a Human iPSC-Based Model.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains an intractable genetic disease. Althogh there are several animal models of DMD, there is no human cell model that carries patient-specific DYSTROPHIN mutations. Here, we present a human DMD model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our model reveals concordant disease-related phenotypes with patient-dependent variation, which are partially reversed by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our “chemical-compound-based” strategy successfully directs hiPSCs into expandable myoblasts, which exhibit a myogenic transcriptional program, forming striated contractile myofibers and participating in muscle regeneration in vivo. DMD-hiPSC-derived myoblasts show disease-related phenotypes with patient-to-patient variability, including aberrant expression of inflammation or immune-response genes and collagens, increased BMP/TGFβ signaling, and reduced fusion competence. Furthermore, by genetic correction and pharmacological “dual-SMAD” inhibition, the DMD-hiPSC-derived myoblasts and genetically corrected isogenic myoblasts form “rescued” multi-nucleated myotubes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a human “DMD-in-a-dish” model using hiPSC-based disease modeling
Search for long-lived charginos based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents a search for direct electroweak gaugino or gluino pair production with a chargino nearly mass-degenerate with a stable neutralino. It is based on an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The final state of interest is a disappearing track accompanied by at least one jet with high transverse momentum from initial-state radiation or by four jets from the gluino decay chain. The use of short track segments reconstructed from the innermost tracking layers significantly improves the sensitivity to short chargino lifetimes. The results are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions. Exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level on the mass of charginos and gluinos for different chargino lifetimes. For a pure wino with a lifetime of about 0.2 ns, chargino masses up to 460 GeV are excluded. For the strong production channel, gluino masses up to 1.65 TeV are excluded assuming a chargino mass of 460 GeV and lifetime of 0.2 ns
An evolutionary study of the pulsating subdwarf B eclipsing binary PG 1336-018 (NY Virginis)

Contains fulltext :
                  35161.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)
                
                  Contains fulltext :
                  35161.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Context: The formation of subdwarf B (sdB) stars is not well understood within the current framework of stellar single and binary evolution. Aims: In this study, we focus on the formation and evolution of the pulsating sdB star in the very short-period eclipsing binary <ASTROBJ>PG 1336-018</ASTROBJ>. We aim at refining the formation scenario of this unique system, so that it can be confronted with observations. Methods: We probe the stellar structure of the progenitors of sdB stars in short-period binaries using detailed stellar evolution calculations. Applying this to <ASTROBJ>PG 1336-018</ASTROBJ> we reconstruct the common-envelope phase during which the sdB star was formed. The results are interpreted in terms of the standard common-envelope formalism (the alpha-formalism) based on the energy equation, and an alternative description (the gamma-formalism) using the angular momentum equation. Results: We find that if the common-envelope evolution is described by the alpha-formalism, the sdB progenitor most likely experienced a helium flash. We then expect the sdB mass to be between 0.39 and 0.48 M<SUB>o</SUB>, and the sdB progenitor initial mass to be below ~2 M<SUB>o</SUB>. However, the results for the gamma-formalism are less restrictive, and a broader sdB mass range (0.3-0.8 M<SUB>o</SUB>) is possible in this case. Future seismic mass determination will give strong constraints on the formation of <ASTROBJ>PG 1336-018</ASTROBJ> and, in particular, on the CE phase
A near-infrared polarized bipolar cone in the Circinus galaxy

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03454.xWe present near???infrared broad???band polarization images of the nuclear regions of the Circinus galaxy in the J, H and K bands. For the first time the south???eastern reflection cone is detected in polarized light, which is obscured at optical wavelengths behind the galactic disk. This biconical structure is clearly observed in J and H band polarized flux whilst in the K band a more compact structure is detected. Total flux J???K and H???K colour maps reveal a complex colour gradient toward the south???east direction (where the Circinus galactic disk is nearer to us).We find enhanced extinction in an arc shaped structure, at about 200pc from the nucleus, probably part of the starformation ring
A representation construction approach

In this chapter we lay out the principles of an approach to teaching and learning science based on student generation, negotiation and refinement of representations in a guided inquiry process. We first tell the story of how we developed this perspective, building on Chapters 1 and 2, and the research approach that led to these principles. The principles of the representation construction approach are described, then exemplified using detailed analysis of parts of classroom learning sequences on force, and substances. We then give examples of teacher responses and beliefs, and finally provide evidence of student conceptual, and meta-representational learning, from this approach
Dynamics in dumbbell domains. II: The limiting problem

In this work we continue the analysis of the asymptotic dynamics of reaction–diffusion problems in a dumbbell domain started in [J.M. Arrieta, A.N. Carvalho, G. Lozada-Cruz, Dynamics in dumbbell domains I. Continuity of the set of equilibria, J. Differential Equations 231 (2) (2006) 551–597]. Here we study the limiting problem, that is, an evolution problem in a “domain” which consists of an open, bounded and smooth set Ω⊂RN with a curve R0 attached to it. The evolution in both parts of the domain is governed by a parabolic equation. In Ω the evolution is independent of the evolution in R0 whereas in R0 the evolution depends on the evolution in Ω through the continuity condition of the solution at the junction points. We analyze in detail the linear elliptic and parabolic problem, the generation of linear and nonlinear semigroups, the existence and structure of attractors
Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental changes during the continental Middle–Late\ud
Permian transition at the SE Iberian Ranges, Spain

The Middle and Late Permian are characterized by a pair of mass-extinction events that are recorded in both\ud
marine and continental environments. Here, we present the first continental western peri-Tethyan record of\ud
an extinction event located in the Middle–Late interval. In the SE Iberian Ranges, Central Spain, the transition\ud
between the Lower and Middle subunits of the Middle Permian Alcotas Formation indicates a significant paleoclimatic\ud
change from arid and semiarid conditions towards more humid conditions. Coincident with the\ud
onset of humid conditions there were changes in the sedimentology, mineralogy, and geochemistry that indicate\ud
significant environmental changes including a shift in weathering intensity and a change of fluvial\ud
style from braided to meandering systems. Near the top of the Middle Subunit, a local biotic crisis is recorded\ud
by palynomorph assemblages. Following this crisis, there is a total absence of coal beds, plant remains, and\ud
microflora that defines a barren zone in the uppermost part of the Alcotas Formation which is recorded\ud
throughout the basin. The barren zone is accompanied by a shift back to braided stream systems, but not\ud
by a return to carbonate-bearing paleosols indicative of arid or semi-arid conditions. This combination of features\ud
is consistent with other Middle–Late continental basins related with mass extinctions, so the barren\ud
zone is interpreted as the extinction interval. The regional character of the extinction interval and its proximity\ud
with the Middle–Late Permian transition could be related with the global mid-Capitanian biotic turnover\ud
described in this period of time in other marine basins. However, the common difficulties of dating with precision\ud
non-marine rocks make this relationship difficult to probe in the Iberian Basin and in other Middle–\ud
Late Permian basins. Further work, including high resolution carbon-isotope analyses and complete studies\ud
of the magnetostratigraphy, should be desirable in order to obtain a better age constraint and to produce\ud
reliable comparisons with marine sections