pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Higgs boson gluon–fusion production at threshold in N3LO QCD

AbstractWe present the cross-section for the threshold production of the Higgs boson at hadron-colliders at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in perturbative QCD. We present an analytic expression for the partonic cross-section at threshold and the impact of these corrections on the numerical estimates for the hadronic cross-section at the LHC. With this result we achieve a major milestone towards a complete evaluation of the cross-section at N3LO which will reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the determination of the strengths of the Higgs boson interactions
Two-loop low-energy effective action in Abelian supersymmetric Chern–Simons matter models

AbstractWe compute two-loop low-energy effective actions in Abelian Chern–Simons matter models with N=2 and N=3 supersymmetry up to four-derivative order. Calculations are performed with a slowly-varying gauge superfield background. Though the gauge superfield propagator depends on the gauge fixing parameter, it is shown that the obtained results are independent of this parameter. In the massless case the considered models are superconformal. We demonstrate that the superconformal symmetry strongly restricts the form of two-loop quantum corrections to the effective actions such that the obtained terms have simpler structure than the analogous ones in the effective action of three-dimensional supersymmetric electrodynamics (SQED) with vanishing topological mass
Flux investigations on composite (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95Cr0.5Fe0.5O3−δ–Sc0.198Ce0.012Zr0.789O1.90 oxygen transport membranes

AbstractOxygen permeation measurements were performed on planar membranes of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95Cr0.5Fe0.5O3−δ (LSCrF)–Sc0.198Ce0.012Zr0.789O1.90 (10Sc1CeSZ) with various exchange layers and membrane thicknesses. Addition of a fuel side exchange layer capable of nickel exsolution provided approximately twice the performance compared with no exsolved catalyst for a 300μm thick membrane at 900°C. Use of a 20μm thick membrane with a porous support structure produced a further 7 fold improvement in oxygen flux at 900°C to yield 3.54mlcm−2min−1
Is ρ-meson melting compatible with chiral restoration?

AbstractUtilizing in-medium vector spectral functions which describe dilepton data in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of QCD and Weinberg sum rules at finite temperature. The starting point is our recent study in vacuum, where the sum rules have been quantitatively satisfied using phenomenological vector and axial-vector spectral functions which describe hadronic τ-decay data. In the medium, the temperature dependence of condensates and chiral order parameters is taken from thermal lattice QCD where available, and otherwise is estimated from a hadron resonance gas. Since little is known about the in-medium axial-vector spectral function, we model it with a Breit–Wigner ansatz allowing for smooth temperature variations of its width and mass parameters. Our study thus amounts to testing the compatibility of the ρ-broadening found in dilepton experiments with (the approach toward) chiral restoration, and thereby searching for viable in-medium axial-vector spectral functions
Comparison of Symmetric Hemodialysis Catheters Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

AbstractPurposeSymmetric-tip dialysis catheters have become alternative devices because of low access recirculation and ease of tip positioning. Flow characteristics of three symmetric catheters were compared based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as they relate to catheter function.Materials And MethodsIn Palindrome, GlidePath, and VectorFlow catheters, a computational fluid dynamics–based approach was used to assess (i) regions of flow separation, which are prone to thrombus development; (ii) shear-induced platelet activation potency; (iii) recirculation; and (iv) venous outflow deflection. A steady-state, laminar flow model simulated catheter tip position within the superior vena cava. Catheter performance was investigated at high hemodialysis flow rate (400 mL/min). Blood was assumed as a Newtonian fluid.ResultsWide regions of flow separation downstream of the Palindrome side slot and close to the distal tip were observed in forward and reversed line configurations. Geometric asymmetry of the distal guide wire aperture of the GlidePath catheter produced the highest levels of inverted velocity flow when run in reversed configuration. The lowest mean shear-induced platelet activation was exhibited by GlidePath and VectorFlow catheters; the Palindrome catheter exhibited 152% higher overall platelet activation potency. All catheters were associated with a recirculation close to zero; the helically contoured lumens of the VectorFlow catheter produced the greatest amount of deflection of venous flow away from the arterial lumen.ConclusionsThe VectorFlow catheter produced less shear-induced platelet activation than the Palindrome catheter and less flow separation than the Palindrome and GlidePath catheters irrespective of line configuration. These findings have potential implications for differences in thrombogenic risk during clinical performance of these catheters
CED-12/ELMO, a Novel Member of the CrkII/Dock180/Rac Pathway, Is Required for Phagocytosis and Cell Migration

AbstractThe C. elegans genes ced-2, ced-5, and ced-10, and their mammalian homologs crkII, dock180, and rac1, mediate cytoskeletal rearrangements during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. Here, we describe an additional member of this signaling pathway, ced-12, and its mammalian homologs, elmo1 and elmo2. In C. elegans, CED-12 is required for engulfment of dying cells and for cell migrations. In mammalian cells, ELMO1 functionally cooperates with CrkII and Dock180 to promote phagocytosis and cell shape changes. CED-12/ELMO-1 binds directly to CED-5/Dock180; this evolutionarily conserved complex stimulates a Rac-GEF, leading to Rac1 activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements. These studies identify CED-12/ELMO as an upstream regulator of Rac1 that affects engulfment and cell migration from C. elegans to mammals
Analyzing the temporal regulation of translation efficiency in mouse liver

AbstractMammalian physiology and behavior follow daily rhythms that are orchestrated by endogenous timekeepers known as circadian clocks. Rhythms in transcription are considered the main mechanism to engender rhythmic gene expression, but important roles for posttranscriptional mechanisms have recently emerged as well (reviewed in Lim and Allada (2013) [1]). We have recently reported on the use of ribosome profiling (RPF-seq), a method based on the high-throughput sequencing of ribosome protected mRNA fragments, to explore the temporal regulation of translation efficiency (Janich et al., 2015 [2]). Through the comparison of around-the-clock RPF-seq and matching RNA-seq data we were able to identify 150 genes, involved in ribosome biogenesis, iron metabolism and other pathways, whose rhythmicity is generated entirely at the level of protein synthesis. The temporal transcriptome and translatome data sets from this study have been deposited in NCBI's Gene Expression Omnibus under the accession number GSE67305. Here we provide additional information on the experimental setup and on important optimization steps pertaining to the ribosome profiling technique in mouse liver and to data analysis
Geometry of phylogenetic group-based models

AbstractWe complete the results of Sullivant and Sturmfels (2005) [SS05] by proving that many of the algebraic group-based models for Markov processes on trees can be diagonalized, and we identify the cases when the resulting toric varieties are normal. This is done by the generalization of the discrete Fourier transform approach introduced by Evans and Speed (1993) [ES93]. We also characterize the lattice polytope of this toric variety. This involves extending the notions of sockets and networks introduced by Buczyńska and Wiśniewski (2007) [BW07] in their work on the binary symmetric model
Thy-1-mediated cell–cell contact induces astrocyte migration through the engagement of αVβ3 integrin and syndecan-4

AbstractCell adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins occurs through interactions with integrins that bind to Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, and syndecan-4, which recognizes the heparin-binding domain of other proteins. Both receptors trigger signaling pathways, including those that activate RhoGTPases such as RhoA and Rac1. This sequence of events modulates cell adhesion to the ECM and cell migration. Using a neuron–astrocyte model, we have reported that the neuronal protein Thy-1 engages αVβ3 integrin and syndecan-4 to induce RhoA activation and strong astrocyte adhesion to their underlying substrate. Thus, because cell–cell interactions and strong cell attachment to the matrix are considered antagonistic to cell migration, we hypothesized that Thy-1 stimulation of astrocytes should preclude cell migration. Here, we studied the effect of Thy-1 expressing neurons on astrocyte polarization and migration using a wound-healing assay and immunofluorescence analysis. Signaling molecules involved were studied by affinity precipitation, western blotting and the usage of specific antibodies. Intriguingly, Thy-1 interaction with its two receptors was found to increase astrocyte polarization and migration. The latter events required interactions of these receptors with both the RGD-like sequence and the heparin-binding domain of Thy-1. Additionally, prolonged Thy-1-receptor interactions inhibited RhoA activation while activating FAK, PI3K and Rac1. Therefore, sustained engagement of integrin and syndecan-4 with the neuronal surface protein Thy-1 induces astrocyte migration. Interestingly we identify here, a cell–cell interaction that despite initially inducing strong cell attachment, favors cell migration upon persistent stimulation by engaging the same signaling receptors and molecules as those utilized by the extracellular matrix proteins to stimulate cell movement
Measurement of the b-hadron production cross section using decays to D⁎+μ−X final states in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThe b-hadron production cross section is measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at s=7 TeV, using 3.3 pb−1 of integrated luminosity, collected during the 2010 LHC run. The b-hadrons are selected by partially reconstructing D⁎+μ−X final states. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured production cross section for a b-hadron with pT>9 GeV and |η|<2.5 is 32.7±0.8(stat.)−6.8+4.5(syst.)μb, higher than the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions but consistent within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties
Supplier quality improvement : the value of information under uncertainty

We consider supplier development decisions for prime manufacturers with extensive supply bases producing complex, highly engineered products. We propose a novel modelling approach to support supply chain managers decide the optimal level of investment to improve quality performance under uncertainty. We develop a Poisson-Gamma model within a Bayesian framework, representing both the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in non-conformance rates. Estimates are obtained to value a supplier quality improvement activity and assess if it is worth gaining more information to reduce epistemic uncertainty. The theoretical properties of our model provide new insights about the relationship between the degree of epistemic uncertainty, the effectiveness of development programmes, and the levels of investment. We find that the optimal level of investment does not have a monotonic relationship with the rate of effectiveness. If investment is deferred until epistemic uncertainty is removed then the expected optimal investment monotonically decreases as prior variance increases but only if the prior mean is above a critical threshold. We develop methods to facilitate practical application of the model to industrial decisions by a) enabling use of the model with typical data available to major companies and b) developing computationally efficient approximations that can be implemented easily. Application to a real industry context illustrates the use of the model to support practical planning decisions to learn more about supplier quality and to invest in improving supplier capability
Filling constraints for spin-orbit coupled insulators in symmorphic and nonsymmorphic crystals

We determine conditions on the filling of electrons in a crystalline lattice to obtain the equivalent of a band insulator—a gapped insulator with neither symmetry breaking nor fractionalized excitations. We allow for strong interactions, which precludes a free particle description. Previous approaches that extend the Lieb–Schultz–Mattis argument invoked spin conservation in an essential way and cannot be applied to the physically interesting case of spin-orbit coupled systems. Here we introduce two approaches: The first one is an entanglement-based scheme, and the second one studies the system on an appropriate flat “Bieberbach” manifold to obtain the filling conditions for all 230 space groups. These approaches assume only time reversal rather than spin rotation invariance. The results depend crucially on whether the crystal symmetry is symmorphic. Our results clarify when one may infer the existence of an exotic ground state based on the absence of order, and we point out applications to experimentally realized materials. Extensions to new situations involving purely spin models are also mentioned
Contribution of mode coupling and phase-mixing of Alfv\'en waves to
  coronal heating

Phase-mixing of Alfv\'en waves in the solar corona has been identified as one
possible candidate to explain coronal heating. While this scenario is supported
by observations of ubiquitous oscillations in the corona carrying sufficient
wave energy and by theoretical models that have described the concentration of
energy in small scale structures, it is still unclear whether this wave energy
can maintain the million degree solar corona. The aim of this work is to assess
how much energy can be converted by a phase-mixing process triggered by the
propagation of Alfv\'enic waves in a cylindric coronal structure, such as a
coronal loop, and to estimate the impact on the coronal heating. To this end,
we run 3D MHD simulations of a magnetised cylinder where the Alfv\'en speed
varies through a boundary shell and a footpoint driver is set to trigger kink
modes which mode couple to torsional Alfv\'en modes in the boundary shell.
These Alfv\'en waves are expected to phase-mix and the system allows us to
study the subsequent thermal energy deposition. We run a reference simulation
to explain the main process and then we vary simulation parameters. When we
take into consideration high values of magnetic resistivity and strong
footpoint drivers, we find i) that phase-mixing leads to a temperature increase
of the order of $10^5$ K or less, depending on the structure of the boundary
shell, ii) that this energy is able to balance the radiative losses only in the
localised region involved in the heating, iii) and how the boundary layer and
the persistence of the driver influence the thermal structure of the system.
Our conclusion is that due to the extreme physical parameters we adopted and
the moderate impact on the heating of the system, it is unlikely that
phase-mixing can contribute on a global scale to the heating of the solar
corona
Supplier quality improvement: The value of information under uncertainty

We consider supplier development decisions for prime manufacturers with extensive supply bases producing complex, highly engineered products. We propose a novel modelling approach to support supply chain managers decide the optimal level of investment to improve quality performance under uncertainty. We develop a Poisson–Gamma model within a Bayesian framework, representing both the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in non-conformance rates. Estimates are obtained to value a supplier quality improvement activity and assess if it is worth gaining more information to reduce epistemic uncertainty. The theoretical properties of our model provide new insights about the relationship between the degree of epistemic uncertainty, the effectiveness of development programmes, and the levels of investment. We find that the optimal level of investment does not have a monotonic relationship with the rate of effectiveness. If investment is deferred until epistemic uncertainty is removed then the expected optimal investment monotonically decreases as prior variance increases but only if the prior mean is above a critical threshold. We develop methods to facilitate practical application of the model to industrial decisions by a) enabling use of the model with typical data available to major companies and b) developing computationally efficient approximations that can be implemented easily. Application to a real industry context illustrates the use of the model to support practical planning decisions to learn more about supplier quality and to invest in improving supplier capability
Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in pp collisions at s=13 TeV is measured using a data sample obtained with the CMS detector, operated at zero magnetic field, at the CERN LHC. The yield of primary charged long-lived hadrons produced in inelastic pp collisions is determined in the central region of the CMS pixel detector (|η|<2) using both hit pairs and reconstructed tracks. For central pseudorapidities (|η|<0.5), the charged-hadron multiplicity density is dNch/dη||η|<0.5=5.49±0.01(stat)±0.17(syst), a value obtained by combining the two methods. The result is compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators and to similar measurements made at lower collision energies. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event
  Shape Engineering in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76$ TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of
the elliptic flow $v_2$ reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state
of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but
different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering,
has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle
correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =2.76$ TeV. The
two-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha - \varphi_\beta) \rangle$,
calculated for different combinations of charges $\alpha$ and $\beta$, is
almost independent of $v_2$ (for a given centrality), while the three-particle
correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha + \varphi_\beta - 2\Psi_2) \rangle$
scales almost linearly both with the event $v_2$ and charged-particle
pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator
is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity
violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on
$v_2$ points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the
results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the
spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the
three-particle correlator in the 10-50% centrality interval is found to be
26-33% at 95% confidence level.Comment: 20 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 tables, authors from page 15,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/382
Climate change and river flooding. Part 2, Sensitivity characterisation for British catchments and example vulnerability assessments

This paper is the second of a series describing a scenario-neutral methodology to assess the sensitivity and vulnerability of British catchments to changes in flooding due to climate change. In paper one, nine flood sensitivity types were identified from response surfaces generated for 154 catchments. The response surfaces describe changes in 20-year return period flood peaks (RP20) in response to a large set of changes in precipitation, temperature and\ud
potential evapotranspiration. In this paper, a recursive partitioning algorithm is used to link families of sensitivity types to catchment properties, via a decision tree. The tree shows 85 % success characterising the four sensitivity families, using five properties and nine paths.\ud
Catchment annual average rainfall is the primary partitioning factor, with drier catchments having a more variable response to climate (precipitation) change than wetter catchments and higher catchment losses and permeability being aggravating factors. The full sensitivity-exposure-vulnerability methodology is illustrated for two catchments: sensitivity is estimated\ud
by using the decision tree to identify the sensitivity family (and its associated average response surface); exposure is defined from a set of climate model projections and combined with the response surface to estimate the resulting impacts (changes in RP20); vulnerability under a\ud
range of adaptive capacity thresholds is estimated from the set of impacts. Even though they are geographically close, the two catchments show differing vulnerability to climate change, due to their differing properties. This demonstrates that generalised response surfaces characterised by catchment properties are useful screening tools to quantify the vulnerability of catchments to climate change without the need to undertake a full climate change impact study
A model to select processes for IT service management improvement

IT organisations are continually seeking improvements in managing IT service management processes. The selection of relevant processes to improve is one of the most crucial initial decisions to make in service improvement projects. In this paper, we focus on developing a process selection decision model using service perception factors from the Service Quality (SERV-QUAL) model and business drivers from the Balanced Scorecard perspectives along with the main objective of service improvement as improvement driver. We use a Design Science Research method to develop the model and then a prototype from our proposed model. We establish an evaluation protocol to determine the effectiveness of the prototype which will be demonstrated in a case organisation. The main contribution of the paper is to provide evidence-based decision support for IT service providers to select the most relevant service processes to improve.
Boomerang RG flows in M-theory with intermediate scaling.

We construct novel RG flows of D=11 supergravity that asymptotically approach AdS4 × S7 in the UV with deformations that break spatial translations in the dual field theory. In the IR the solutions return to exactly the same AdS4 × S7 vacuum, with a renormalisation of relative length scales, and hence we refer to the flows as ‘boomerang RG flows’. For sufficiently large deformations, on the way to the IR the solutions also approach two distinct intermediate scaling regimes, each with hyperscaling violation. The first regime is Lorentz invariant with dynamical exponent z = 1 while the second has z = 5/2. Neither ofthe two intermediatescaling regimesare associatedwith exact hyperscaling violation solutions of D = 11 supergravity. The RG flow solutions are constructed using the four dimensional N = 2 STU gauged supergravity theory with vanishing gauge fields, but non-vanishing scalar and pseudoscalar fields. In the ABJM dual field theory the flows are driven by spatially modulated deformation parameters for scalar and fermion bilinear operators