pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Design and rationale of a prospective, collaborative meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials of angiotensin receptor antagonists in Marfan syndrome, based on individual patient data: a report from the Marfan Treatment Trialists' Collaboration

Rationale: A number of randomized trials are underway, which will address the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) on aortic root enlargement and a range of other end points in patients with Marfan syndrome. If individual participant data from these trials were to be combined, a meta-analysis of the resulting data, totaling approximately 2,300 patients, would allow estimation across a number of trials of the treatment effects both of ARB therapy and of beta-blockade. 
Such an analysis would also allow estimation of treatment effects in particular subgroups of patients on a range of end points of interest and would allow a more powerful estimate of the effects of these treatments on a composite end point of several clinical outcomes than would be available from any individual trial. 
Design: A prospective, collaborative meta-analysis based on individual patient data from all randomized trials in Marfan syndrome of (i) ARBs versus placebo (or open-label control) and (ii) ARBs versus beta-blockers will be performed. 
A prospective study design, in which the principal hypotheses, trial eligibility criteria, analyses, and methods are specified in advance of the unblinding of the component trials, will help to limit bias owing to data-dependent emphasis on the results of particular trials. The use of individual patient data will allow for analysis of the effects of ARBs in particular patient subgroups and for time-to-event analysis for clinical outcomes. 
The meta-analysis protocol summarized in this report was written on behalf of the Marfan Treatment Trialists' Collaboration and finalized in late 2012, without foreknowledge of the results of any component trial, and will bemade available online (http:// www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/research/meta-trials)
Search for a heavy gauge boson decaying to a charged lepton and a neutrino in 1 fb^-1 of pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The ATLAS detector at the LHC is used to search for high-mass states, such as heavy charged gauge bosons (W '), decaying to a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are presented based on the analysis of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb(-1). No excess above Standard Model expectations is observed. A W ' with Sequential Standard Model couplings is excluded at the 95% confidence level for masses up to 2.15 TeV
Blowout Jets and Impulsive Eruptive Flare in a Bald-Patch Topology

Context: A subclass of broad EUV and X-ray jets, called blowout jets, have
become a topic of research since they could be the link between standard
collimated jets and CMEs.}
  Aim: Our aim is to understand the origin of a series of broad jets, some
accompanied by flares and associated with narrow and jet-like CMEs.
  Methods: We analyze observations of a series of recurrent broad jets observed
in AR 10484 on 21-24 October 2003. In particular, one of them occurred
simultaneously with an M2.4 flare on 23 October at 02:41 UT (SOLA2003-10-23).
Both events were observed by ARIES H-alpha Solar Tower-Telescope, TRACE, SOHO,
and RHESSI instruments. The flare was very impulsive and followed by a narrow
CME. A local force-free model of AR 10484 is the basis to compute its topology.
We find bald patches (BPs) at the flare site. This BP topology is present for
at least two days before. Large-scale field lines, associated with the BPs,
represent open loops. This is confirmed by a global PFSS model. Following the
brightest leading edge of the H-alpha and EUV jet emission, we can temporarily
associate it with a narrow CME.
  Results: Considering their characteristics, the observed broad jets appear to
be of the blowout class. As the most plausible scenario, we propose that
magnetic reconnection could occur at the BP separatrices forced by the
destabilization of a continuously reformed flux rope underlying them. The
reconnection process could bring the cool flux-rope material into the
reconnected open field lines driving the series of recurrent blowout jets and
accompanying CMEs.
  Conclusions: Based on a model of the coronal field, we compute the AR 10484
topology at the location where flaring and blowout jets occurred from 21 to 24
October 2003. This topology can consistently explain the origin of these
events
Search for long-lived, multi-charged particles in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for highly ionising, penetrating particles with electric charges from |q|=2e to 6e is performed using the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Proton-proton collision data taken at √s=7 TeV during the 2011 running period, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb-1, are analysed. No signal candidates are observed, and 95% confidence level cross-section upper limits are interpreted as mass-exclusion lower limits for a simplified Drell-Yan production model. In this model, masses are excluded from 50 GeV up to 430, 480, 490, 470 and 420 GeV for charges 2e, 3e, 4e, 5e and 6e, respectivelyWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3–CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN–CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Search for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at s=13 TeV

A search for heavy long-lived charged R-hadrons is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The search is based on observables related to large ionisation losses and slow propagation velocities, which are signatures of heavy charged particles travelling significantly slower than the speed of light. No significant deviations from the expected background are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are provided on the production cross section of long-lived R-hadrons in the mass range from 600 GeV to 2000 GeV and gluino, bottom and top squark masses are excluded up to 1580 GeV, 805 GeV and 890 GeV, respectively.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Towards a “fourth generation” of approaches to HIV/AIDS management: creating contexts for effective community mobilisation

Many biomedical and behavioural HIV/AIDS programmes aimed at prevention,
care and treatment have disappointing outcomes because of a lack of effective community mobilisation.
But community mobilisation is notoriously difficult to bring about. We present a conceptual framework
that maps out those dimensions of social context that are likely to support or undermine community
mobilisation efforts, proposing that attention should be given to three dimensions of social context: the
material, symbolic and relational. This paper has four parts. We begin by outlining why community
mobilisation is regarded as a core dimension of effective HIV/AIDS management: it increases the
"reach" and sustainability of programmes; it is a vital component of the wider "task shifting" agenda
given the scarcity of health professionals in many HIV/AIDS-vulnerable contexts. Most importantly it
facilitates those social psychological processes that we argue are vital preconditions for effective
prevention, care and treatment. Secondly we map out three generations of approaches to behaviour
change within the HIV/AIDS field: HIV-awareness, peer education and community mobilisation. We
critically evaluate each approach's underlying assumptions about the drivers of behaviour change, to
frame our understandings of the pathways between mobilisation and health, drawing on the concepts of
social capital, dialogue and empowerment. Thirdly we refer to two well-documented case studies of
community mobilisation in India and South Africa to illustrate our claim that community mobilisation is
unlikely to succeed in the absence of supportive material, symbolic and relational contexts. Fourthly we
provide a brief overview of how the papers in this special issue help us flesh out our conceptualisation
of the "health enabling social environment". We conclude by arguing for the urgent need for a 'fourth
generation' of approaches in the theory and practice of HIV/AIDS management, one which pays far
greater attention to the wider contextual influences on programme success
Playing the computer game Tetris prior to viewing traumatic film material and subsequent intrusive memories: Examining proactive interference.

Visuospatial working memory (WM) tasks performed concurrently or after an experimental trauma (traumatic film viewing) have been shown to reduce subsequent intrusive memories (concurrent or retroactive interference, respectively). This effect is thought to arise because, during the time window of memory consolidation, the film memory is labile and vulnerable to interference by the WM task. However, it is not known whether tasks before an experimental trauma (i.e. proactive interference) would also be effective. Therefore, we tested if a visuospatial WM task given before a traumatic film reduced intrusions. Findings are relevant to the development of preventative strategies to reduce intrusive memories of trauma for groups who are routinely exposed to trauma (e.g. emergency services personnel) and for whom tasks prior to trauma exposure might be beneficial.
Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions. In the Tetris condition (n = 28), participants engaged in the computer game for 11 min immediately before viewing a 12-min traumatic film, whereas those in the Control condition (n = 28) had no task during this period. Intrusive memory frequency was assessed using an intrusion diary over 1-week and an Intrusion Provocation Task at 1-week follow-up. Recognition memory for the film was also assessed at 1-week.
Compared to the Control condition, participants in the Tetris condition did not report statistically significant difference in intrusive memories of the trauma film on either measure. There was also no statistically significant difference in recognition memory scores between conditions.
The study used an experimental trauma paradigm and findings may not be generalizable to a clinical population.
Compared to control, playing Tetris before viewing a trauma film did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in the frequency of later intrusive memories of the film. It is unlikely that proactive interference, at least with this task, effectively influences intrusive memory development. WM tasks administered during or after trauma stimuli, rather than proactively, may be a better focus for intrusive memory amelioration
Radiative energy balance of Venus: An approach to parameterize thermal cooling and solar heating rates

Thermal cooling rates QC and solar heating rates QH in the atmosphere of Venus at altitudes between 0 and 100 km are investigated using the radiative transfer and radiative balance simulation techniques described by Haus et al. (2015b, 2016). QC strongly responds to temperature profile and cloud parameter changes, while QH is less sensitive to these parameters. The latter mainly depends on solar insolation conditions and the unknown UV absorber distribution.\ud
\ud
A parameterization approach is developed that permits a fast and reliable calculation of temperature change rates Q for different atmospheric model parameters and that can be applied in General Circulation Models to investigate atmospheric dynamics. A separation of temperature, cloud parameter, and unknown UV absorber influences is performed. The temperature response parameterization relies on a specific altitude and latitude-dependent cloud model. It is based on an algorithm that characterizes Q responses to a broad range of temperature perturbations at each level of the atmosphere using the Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA) as basis temperature model. The cloud response parameterization considers different temperature conditions and a range of individual cloud mode factors that additionally change cloud optical depths as determined by the initial latitude-dependent model. A QH response parameterization for abundance changes of the unknown UV absorber is also included. Deviations between accurate calculation and parameterization results are in the order of a few tenths of K/day at altitudes below 90 km.\ud
\ud
The parameterization approach is used to investigate atmospheric radiative equilibrium (RE) conditions. Polar mesospheric RE temperatures above the cloud top are up to 70 K lower and equatorial temperatures up to 10 K higher than observed values. This radiative forcing field is balanced by dynamical processes that maintain the observed thermal structure
Contribution of major lifestyle risk factors for incident heart failure in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: Heart failure (HF) incurs high morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs among adults ≥65years, the most rapidly growing segment of the US population. 
Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the relative contribution of major lifestyle factors on the development of HF in older adults.			                   	              	               
Methods: We prospectively investigated separate and combined associations of lifestyle risk factors with incident HF (1380 cases) over 21.5years among 4490 men and women in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based cohort of older adults. Lifestyle factors included four dietary patterns (Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, an American Heart Association 2020 dietary goals score, and a biologic pattern, constructed using prior knowledge of cardiovascular disease dietary risk factors), four physical activity metrics (exercise intensity, walking pace, energy expended in leisure activity, walking distance), alcohol intake, smoking, and obesity. 
Results: No dietary pattern was associated with developing HF (p>0.05). Walking pace and leisure activity were associated with a 26% and 22% lower risk of HF, respectively [pace >3 vs. <2mph: HR:0.74(95%CI:0.63-0.86); leisure activity ≥845 vs. <845 kcal/week: HR:0.78(95%CI:0.69-0.87)]. Modest alcohol intake, maintaining a body mass index <30kg/m2, and not smoking were also independently associated with a lower risk of HF. Participants with ≥4  healthy lifestyle factors had a 45% [HR:0.55(95%CI: 0.42-0.74)] lower risk of HF. Heterogeneity by age, sex, cardiovascular disease, hypertension medication use, and diabetes was not observed.				    
Conclusions: Among older US adults, physical activity, modest alcohol intake, avoiding obesity, and not smoking, but not dietary patterns, were associated with a lower risk of HF.Role of the funding source: This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01 HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and grant HL080295  from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional contribution from the National  Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided by AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. Fumiaki Imamura was supported by Medical Research Council Unit Programme number MC_UU_125015/5.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.02.00
Evolutionary tradeoff between vocal tract and testes dimensions in howler monkeys

Males often face a trade-off between investments in precopulatory and postcopulatory traits, particularly when male-male contest competition determines access to mates. To date, studies of precopulatory strategies have largely focused on visual ornaments (e.g., coloration) or weapon morphology (e.g., antlers, horns, and canines). However, vocalizations can also play an important role in both male competition and female choice. We investigated variation in vocal tract dimensions among male howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), which produce loud roars using a highly specialized and greatly enlarged hyoid bone and larynx. We examined the relative male investment in hyoids and testes among howler monkey species in relation to the level of male-male competition and analyzed the acoustic consequences of variation in hyoid morphology. Species characterized by single-male groups have large hyoids and small testes, suggesting high levels of vocally mediated competition. Larger hyoids lower formant frequencies, probably increasing the acoustic impression of male body size and playing a role analogous to investment in large body size or weaponry. Across species, as the number of males per group increases, testes volume also increases, indicating higher levels of postcopulatory sperm competition, while hyoid volume decreases. These results provide the first evidence of an evolutionary trade-off between investment in precopulatory vocal characteristics and postcopulatory sperm production.We are grateful to Alexander Sliwa, Catalina Gomez, Robert Wallace, Michael Plavkan, Zelinda Braga Hirano, and Julio Cesar de Souza, Jr. for sharing data, Andrew Kitchener (National Museums Scotland) for loaning whole animal specimens, Michaela Gumpenberger and Jaap Saers for support with CT and MRI, Carolyn M. Crockett, Mariana Raño, and La Senda Verde Animal Refuge Bolivia for providing photographs and videos, Nadja Kavcik for help with the figures, and Dieter Lukas for help with statistical analyses. J.C.D. was funded by a Cambridge Humanities Research Grant. W.T.F. acknowledges support of ERC Advanced Grant SOMACCA (#230604) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) grant W1234-G17.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.02
Measurement of the ZZ production cross section and Z $\to \ell^+\ell^-\ell'^+\ell'^-$ branching fraction in pp collisions at $\sqrt s$=13 TeV

Four-lepton production in proton–proton collisions, $pp → \ell^+\ell^-\ell'^+\ell'^-$ , where ℓ,ℓ′=e or μ , is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.6 fb$^{−1}$ . The ZZ production cross section, $σ(pp→ZZ)=14.6_{−1.8}^{+1.9}(stat)_{−0.3}^{+0.5}(syst)±0.2(theo)±0.4(lumi)pb$ , is measured for events with two opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs produced in the mass region $60<m_{\ell^+\ell^-},m_{\ell'+\ell'}<120 GeV$ . The Z boson branching fraction to four leptons is measured to be $B(Z → \ell^+\ell^-\ell'^+\ell'^-)=4.9_{−0.7}^{+0.8} (stat)_{−0.2}^{+0.3} (syst)_{−0.1}^{+0.2}(theo)±0.1(lumi)×10^{−6}$ for the four-lepton invariant mass in the range $80<m_{ \ell^+\ell^-\ell'^+\ell'^-}<100 GeV$ and dilepton mass $m_{\ell^+\ell^-}>4 GeV$ for all opposite-sign, same-flavor lepton pairs. The results are in agreement with standard model predictions
Exotic Higgs decays in the E(6) inspired SUSY models

We study the decays of the SM-like Higgs state within the E6E6 inspired supersymmetric (SUSY) models with exact custodial symmetry that forbids tree-level flavor-changing transitions and the most dangerous baryon and lepton number violating operators. In these models there are two states which are absolutely stable and can contribute to the dark matter density. One of them is the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) which is expected to be lighter than 1 eV1 eV forming hot dark matter in the Universe. The presence of another stable neutral state allows to account for the observed cold dark matter density. In the considered SUSY models next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP) also tend to be light. We argue that the NLSP with GeV scale mass can result in the substantial branching ratio of the nonstandard decays of the lightest Higgs boson.R. Nevzorova, S. Pakvas