pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Feminist phenomenology and the woman in the running body

Modern phenomenology, with its roots in Husserlian philosophy, has been taken up and utilised in a myriad of ways within different disciplines, but until recently has remained relatively under-used within sports studies. A corpus of sociological-phenomenological work is now beginning to develop in this domain, alongside a longer standing literature in feminist phenomenology. These specific social-phenomenological forms explore the situatedness of lived-body experience within a particular social structure. After providing a brief overview of key strands of phenomenology, this article considers some of the ways in which sociological, and particularly feminist phenomenology, might be used to analyse female sporting embodiment. For illustrative purposes, data from an autophenomenographic project on female distance running are also included, in order briefly to demonstrate the application of phenomenology within sociology, as both theoretical framework and methodological approach
The contributions of cognitive trainings to the stability of cognitive, everyday, and brain functioning across adulthood

This review covers the contributions of cognitive trainings to stability in cognitive, everyday, and brain functioning across adulthood. For these functional domains, relevant types of empirical evidence were defined for training-induced enhancement in absolute, differential, and dimensional stability in the light of developmental decline. The state of research regarding these types of evidence is presented. Little data were generally available on the effects of cognitive trainings on the stability of everyday and brain functioning and across all covered domains for their contributions to differential stability. There was sound empirical support for training-induced en- hancements of absolute and dimensional cognitive stability across adulthood. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings are discussed
North-South trade, property rights and the dynamics of environmental resources

The theory of trade based on differential property rights presented here initiated in Chichilnisky (1991), based on the North-South model introduced in Chichilnisky (1981, 1986). The model and the results in this paper differ however from the previous work in that the dynamics of the renewable resource is crucial to our arguments, while all the other pieces consider instead static economies. The distinctive feature of this paper is that we consider the dynamics of the renewable resource which is used as an input to production, and how this varies with different property rights regimes.
International expansion, diversification and regulated firms' nonmarket strategy

Previous studies have shown that regulated firms tend to diversify for different reasons than unregulated
ones. This is the case for product but also for geographical diversification, i.e. international expansion.
The logic generally advanced is that regulated firms tend to diversify when they face costly and difficult
relationships with the regulatory authority in charge of their sector. This approach, however, does not
explain (1) what is really at the core of the problem in regulated firms’ relationships with regulators, (2)
why these firms cannot overcome part of the problem by developing nonmarket strategies –lobbying,
campaign contributions, etc.– to influence regulatory decisions, and (3) why they sometimes opt for
international expansion rather than product diversification. In this paper, we propose a theoretical model
that provides potential answers to these questions. We start by considering the firm-regulator
relationship as an incomplete information problem, in which the firms know things that the regulator
does not, but can cannot convey hard information about these things. In this setting, we show that when
firms face tough nonmarket competition domestically, going abroad can create a mechanism that makes
information transmission credible and therefore strengthen their position in their home market.
International expansion, in consequence, can be a way to solve some of the problems that regulated firms
face at home in addition to a way for these firms to grow their business abroad.
Educational accountability tests, social and legal inclusion approaches to discrimination for students with disability: a national case study from Australia

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability promotes equal and full participation by children in education. Equity of educational access for all students, including students with disability, free from discrimination, is the first-stated national goal of Australian education. Australian federal disability discrimination law, the Disability Discrimination Act 1992, follows the Convention, with the federal Disability Standards for Education 2005 enacting specific requirements for education. This article discusses equity of processes for inclusion of students with disability in Australian educational accountability testing, including international tests in which many countries participate. The conclusion drawn is that equitable inclusion of students with disability in current Australian educational accountability testing is not occurring from a social perspective and is not in principle compliant with law. However, given the reluctance of courts to intervene in education matters and the uncertainty of an outcome in any court consideration, the discussion shows that equitable inclusion in accountability systems is available through policy change rather than expensive, and possibly unsuccessful, legal challenges.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Education and Professional StudiesFull Tex
Measurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured with the first data from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 ± 0.19 pb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of D 0, D +, D s + , and D *+ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, p T, and rapidity, y, and cover the range 0 < p T < 15GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge conjugation, within the range of 1 < p T < 8 GeV/c are found to be σ(pp→D0X)=2460±3±130μbσ(pp→D+X)=1000±3±110μbσ(pp→D+sX)=460±13±100μbσ(pp→D∗+X)=880±5±140μb σ(pp→D0X)=2460±3±130μbσ(pp→D+X)=1000±3±110μbσ(pp→Ds+X)=460±13±100μbσ(pp→D∗+X)=880±5±140μb where the uncertainties are due to statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively
Global Life Satisfaction in Adolescence: The Role of Personality Traits, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy

Positive levels of global life satisfaction are associated with a broad range of positive personal, psychological, and social outcomes both in the present and future. However, for adolescents, little is known about the underlying personal characteristics that predict global life satisfaction. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and global life satisfaction in a sample of 437 Swiss adolescents attending the second last year of compulsory school. Results have shown that conscientiousness, neuroticism, extraversion, self-esteem, and self-efficacy are significantly associated with global life satisfaction. Moreover, self-esteem seems to be a mediator of the relationship between personality traits and global life satisfaction, suggesting that it might be considered as a process variable regulating behaviors, feelings, and thoughts that are related to personality dimensions
Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section using events with one lepton and at least one jet in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A measurement of the t t-bar production cross section at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV is presented using proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse femtobarns, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Final states with one isolated charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least one jet are selected and categorized according to the accompanying jet multiplicity. From a likelihood fit to the invariant mass distribution of the isolated lepton and a jet identified as coming from the hadronization of a bottom quark, the cross section is measured to be sigma(t t-bar) = 888 +/- 2 (stat) +26 -28 (syst) +/- 20 (lumi) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. Using the expected dependence of the cross section on the pole mass of the top quark (m[t]), the value of m[t] is found to be 170.6 +/- 2.7 GeV
A perturbation solution for forced convection in a porous saturated duct

Fully developed forced convection through a porous medium bounded by two isoflux parallel plates is investigated analytically on the basis of a Brinkman-Forchheimer model. The matched asymptotic expansion method is applied for small values of the Darcy number. For the case of large Darcy number the solution for the Brinkman-Forchheimer momentum equation is found in terms of an asymptotic expansion. With the velocity distribution determined, the energy equation is solved using the same asymptotic technique. The results for limiting cases are found to be in good agreement with those available in the literature and the numerical results obtained here
Early-onset neonatal sepsis and the implementation of group B streptococcus prophylaxis in a Brazilian maternity hospital : a descriptive study

Objectives: to describe early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) epidemiology in a public maternity hospital in Brasilia, Brazil. Methods: we defined EOS as a positive blood culture result obtained from infants aged ≤72 hours of life plus treatment with antibiotic therapy for ≥5 days. Incidence was calculated based on the number of cases and total live births (LB). This is a descriptive study comparing the period of 2012–2013 with the period of 2014–September 2015, before and after implementation of antibiotic prophylaxis during labor for group B streptococcus (GBS) prevention, respectively. Results: overall, 36 infants developed EOS among 21,219 LB (1.7 cases per 1000 LB) and 16 died (case fatality rate of 44%). From 2014, 305 vaginal-rectal swabs were collected from high-risk women and 74 (24%) turned out positive for GBS. After implementation of GBS prevention guidelines, no new cases of GBS were detected, and the EOS incidence was reduced from 1.9 (95% CI 1.3–2.8) to 1.3 (95% CI 0.7–2.3) cases per 1000 LB from 2012–2013 to 2014–September 2015 (p = 0.32). Conclusions: although the reduction of EOS incidence was not significant, GBS colonization among pregnant women was high, no cases of neonatal GBS have occurred after implementation of prevention guidelines
Measurement of vector boson scattering and constraints on anomalous quartic couplings from events with four leptons and two jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV

A measurement of vector boson scattering and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings from events with two Z bosons and two jets are presented. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13TeV collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb$^{−1}$. The search is performed in the fully leptonic final state $ZZ \to \ell\ell\ell^{\prime}\ell^{\prime}$, where $\ell, \ell^{\prime}$ = e or $\mu$. The electroweak production of two Z bosons in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.7 (1.6) standard deviations. A fiducial cross section for the electroweak production is measured to be $\sigma_{EW}(pp \to ZZjj \to \ell\ell\ell^{\prime}\ell^{\prime} jj) = 0.40^{+0.21}_{-0.16}(stat)^{+0.13}_{-0.09}(syst)fb$, which is consistent with the standard model prediction. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are determined in terms of the effective field theory operators T0, T1, T2, T8, and T9. This is the first measurement of vector boson scattering in the $ZZ$ channel at the LHC
Probing the physics of narrow-line regions in active galaxies. Iii. Accretion and cocoon shocks in the LINER NGC 1052

We present Wide Field Spectrograph integral field spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph spectroscopy for the low-ionization nuclear emission line region (LINER) galaxy NGC 1052. We infer the presence of a turbulent accretion flow forming a small-scale accretion disk. We find a large-scale outflow and ionization cone along the minor axis of the galaxy. Part of this outflow region is photoionized by the active galactic nucleusand shares properties with the extended narrow-line region of Seyfert galaxies, but the inner (″) accretion disk and the region around the radio jet appear shock excited. The emission-line properties can be modeled by a "double-shock" model in which the accretion flow first passes through an accretion shock in the presence of a hard X-ray radiation, and the accretion disk is then processed through a cocoon shock driven by the overpressure of the radio jets. This model explains the observation of two distinct densities (∼104 and ∼106 cm-3)and provides a good fit to the observed emission-line spectrum. We derive estimates for the velocities of the two shock components and their mixing fractions, the black hole mass, and the accretion rate needed to sustain the LINER emission and derive an estimate for the jet power. Our emission-line model is remarkably robust against variation of input parametersand hence offers a generic explanation for the excitation of LINER galaxies, including those of spiral type such as NGC 3031 (M81).M.A.D. and L.K. acknowledge the support of the Australian
Research Council (ARC) through Discovery project
DP130103925
Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow v2reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two-and three-particle correlations in Pb–Pbcollisions at √sNN=2.76TeV. The two-particle correlator cos(ϕα−ϕβ), calculated for different combinations of charges αand β, is almost independent of v2(for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator cos(ϕα+ϕβ−22)scales almost linearly both with the event v2and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on v2points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10–50% centrality interval is found to be 26–33% at 95% confidence level
Report on a Boston University Conference December 7-8,\ud
2012 on 'How Can the History and Philosophy of Science\ud
Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science Teaching?'

This is an editorial report on the outcomes of an international conference sponsored by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) (REESE-1205273) to the School of Education at Boston University and the Center for Philosophy and History of Science at Boston University for a conference titled: How Can the History and Philosophy of Science Contribute to Contemporary U.S. Science Teaching? The presentations of the conference speakers and the reports of the working groups are reviewed. Multiple themes emerged for K-16 education from the perspective of the history and philosophy of science. Key ones were that: students need to understand that central to science is argumentation, criticism, and analysis; students should be educated to appreciate science as part of our culture; students should be educated to be science literate; what is meant by the nature of science as discussed in much of the science education literature must be broadened to accommodate a science literacy that includes preparation for socioscientific issues; teaching for science literacy requires the development of new assessment tools; and, it is difficult to change what science teachers do in their classrooms. The principal conclusions drawn by the editors are that: to prepare students to be citizens in a participatory democracy, science education must be embedded in a liberal arts education; science teachers alone cannot be expected to prepare students to be scientifically literate; and, to educate students for scientific literacy will require a new curriculum that is coordinated across the humanities, history/social studies, and science classrooms
The influence of hydrothermal activity on the Li isotopic signature of rivers draining volcanic areas.

We explore the geochemistry and the isotopic composition of lithium (δ7Li) of rivers draining volcanic islands (Guadeloupe, Iceland, Java, Martinique and Sao Miguel) with a specific focus on continental hydrothermal activity. Our preliminary results reveal a global-scale trend between δ7Li and the elemental ratio Li/Na in rivers draining volcanic islands. We suggest that this trend results from a mixture between waters with low δ7Li and high Li/Na, inherited from high-temperature water rock interactions, and waters with low Li/Na and high δ7Li, in which Li is controlled by the neoformation of clays during low-temperature chemical weathering in basaltic soils. This latter process can be described by a simple isotope fractionation model, consistent with reported values for isotopic fractionation factors between secondary weathering products and water.\ud
\ud
These data highlight the important potential role of continental high-temperature weathering processes on the oceanic budget of lithium
The precuneus may encode irrationality in human gambling

Humans often make irrational decisions, especially psychiatric patients who have dysfunctional cognitive and emotional circuitry. Understanding the neural basis of decision-making is therefore essential towards patient management, yet current studies suffer from several limitations. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have dominated decision-making neuroscience, but have poor temporal resolution and the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal is only a proxy for neural activity. On the other hand, lesion studies in humans used to infer functionality in decision-making lack characterization of neural activity altogether. Using a combination of local field potential recordings in human subjects performing a financial decision-making task, spectral analyses, and non-parametric cluster statistics, we analyzed the activity in the precuneus. In nine subjects, the neural activity modulated significantly between rational and irrational trials in the precuneus (p < 0.001). In particular, high-frequency activity (70-100 Hz) increased when irrational decisions were made. Although preliminary, these results suggest suppression of gamma rhythms via electrical stimulation in the precuneus as a therapeutic intervention for pathological decision-making.Peer reviewe
Poloidal-toroidal decomposition in a finite cylinder. I. Influence
  matrices for the magnetohydrodynamic equations

The Navier-Stokes equations and magnetohydrodynamics equations are written in
terms of poloidal and toroidal potentials in a finite cylinder. This
formulation insures that the velocity and magnetic fields are divergence-free
by construction, but leads to systems of partial differential equations of
higher order, whose boundary conditions are coupled. The influence matrix
technique is used to transform these systems into decoupled parabolic and
elliptic problems. The magnetic field in the induction equation is matched to
that in an exterior vacuum by means of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping, thus
eliminating the need to discretize the exterior. The influence matrix is scaled
in order to attain an acceptable condition number
A calf for all seasons? The potential of stable isotope analysis to investigate prehistoric husbandry practices.

The Early Bronze Age barrows at Irthlingborough and Gayhurst in central England are notable for the large number of cattle (Bos taurus) remains associated with their human Beaker burials. Previous work using strontium isotope analysis has indicated that most of the cattle analysed, and one aurochs (Bos primigenius), were of local origin [Towers, J., Montgomery, J., Evans, J., Jay, M., Parker Pearson, M., 2010. An investigation of the origins of cattle and aurochs deposited in the Early Bronze Age barrows at Gayhurst and Irthlingborough. Journal of Archaeological Science 37,508-515.]. In this study, stable isotope analysis of enamel and bone was carried out to investigate whether the mature cattle had experienced similar husbandry practices, climate and environment. Bulk carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotope analysis of collagen suggested most were consuming similar sources of plant protein from environments probably local to the sites and this was supported by high resolution intra-enamel carbon isotope profiles. Oxygen isotope profiles indicated the aurochs and most of the cattle experienced similar climatic regimes: the only exception being an animal with a non-local strontium isotope ratio. However, a comparison of seasonality profiles of the local animals using estimated tooth formation times showed that there was no consistency in season of birth: the animals appeared to have been born throughout the year. Cattle can breed throughout the year but it requires considerable human effort and intervention to successfully overwinter young stock; it is therefore unlikely to have been carried out without good reason and benefit if winters were harsh. One reason is to ensure a continuous supply of milk. Measuring oxygen isotope profiles to identify year-round calving may thus be a potential indicator of dairying economies