pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Bio-CCS : Co-firing of established greenfield and novel, brownfield biomass resources under air, oxygen-enriched air and oxy-fuel conditions

As demand for electricity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise technologies that reduce the environmental impact of generating electricity are sought. Within the many options a combination of co-firing of biomass and carbon capture and storage (Bio-CCS) could present a negative-emission process. This work investigates co-firing of a novel brownfield and two conventional greenfield biomass reserves with coal in oxygen-enriched conditions which may enhance the efficiency of post-combustion capture units. A 20kW furnace is used to assess combustion characteristics in a range of scenarios. Results suggest oxidant staging during oxygen-enriched co-firing can exhibit lower NO emissions while achieving high combustion efficiencies
Generalized spin Sutherland systems revisited

We present generalizations of the spin Sutherland systems obtained earlier by
Blom and Langmann and by Polychronakos in two different ways: from SU(n)
Yang--Mills theory on the cylinder and by constraining geodesic motion on the
N-fold direct product of SU(n) with itself, for any N>1. Our systems are in
correspondence with the Dynkin diagram automorphisms of arbitrary connected and
simply connected compact simple Lie groups. We give a finite-dimensional as
well as an infinite-dimensional derivation and shed light on the mechanism
whereby they lead to the same classical integrable systems. The
infinite-dimensional approach, based on twisted current algebras (alias
Yang--Mills with twisted boundary conditions), was inspired by the derivation
of the spinless Sutherland model due to Gorsky and Nekrasov. The
finite-dimensional method relies on Hamiltonian reduction under twisted
conjugations of N-fold direct product groups, linking the quantum mechanics of
the reduced systems to representation theory similarly as was explored
previously in the N=1 case.Comment: 21 page
MOA-2011-BLG-262Lb : a sub-earth-mass moon orbiting a gas giant primary or a high velocity planetary system in the galactic bulge

D.P.B. was supported by grants NASA-NNX12AF54G, JPL-RSA 1453175 and NSF AST-1211875. This MOA project is supported by the grants JSPS18253002 and JSPS20340052. T.S. acknowledges the financial support from the JSPS, JSPS23340044, JSPS24253004. This work was partially supported by a NASA Keck PI Data Award, administered by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. B.S.G. and A.G. were supported by NSF grant AST 110347. B.S.G., A.G., R.P.G. were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB99G. S.D. was partly supported through a Ralph E. and Doris M. Hansmann Membership at the IAS and by NSF grant AST-0807444. Work by J.C.Y. was performed in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program. The OGLE project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement No. 246678 to A.U. D.H. was supported by Czech Science Foundation grant GACR P209/10/1318. D.M.B., M.D., K.H., C.S., R.A.S., M.H. and Y.T. are supported by NPRP grant NPRP-09-476-1-78 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation).We present the first microlensing candidate for a free-floating exoplanet-exomoon system, MOA-2011-BLG-262, with a primary lens mass of M host ~ 4 Jupiter masses hosting a sub-Earth mass moon. The argument for an exomoon hinges on the system being relatively close to the Sun. The data constrain the product MLπrel where ML is the lens system mass and πrel is the lens-source relative parallax. If the lens system is nearby (large πrel), then ML is small (a few Jupiter masses) and the companion is a sub-Earth-mass exomoon. The best-fit solution has a large lens-source relative proper motion, μrel = 19.6 ± 1.6 mas yr–1, which would rule out a distant lens system unless the source star has an unusually high proper motion. However, data from the OGLE collaboration nearly rule out a high source proper motion, so the exoplanet+exomoon model is the favored interpretation for the best fit model. However, there is an alternate solution that has a lower proper motion and fits the data almost as well. This solution is compatible with a distant (so stellar) host. A Bayesian analysis does not favor the exoplanet+exomoon interpretation, so Occam's razor favors a lens system in the bulge with host and companion masses of M host = 0.12 +0.19-0.06 MΘ and mcomp = 18+28-10M⊕, at a projected separation of a⊥ = 0.84+0.25−0.14 AU. The existence of this degeneracy is an unlucky accident, so current microlensing experiments are in principle sensitive to exomoons. In some circumstances, it will be possible to definitively establish the mass of such lens systems through the microlensing parallax effect. Future experiments will be sensitive to less extreme exomoons.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Prodigal sons: Dual Abrahamic categorization mediates the detrimental effects of religious fundamentalism on Christian-Muslim relations

Religious fundamentalism is associated with Christian–Islamic conflicts globally, but the psychological reasons remain unexplored. Here, we show that fundamentalism is detrimental to interreligious relations because it makes Christians and Muslims alike reject common theological grounds and Abrahamic origins. Specifically, Study 1 demonstrated that such dual Abrahamic categories mediated the negative effects of fundamentalism on real monetary donations to outgroup children desperately in need (i.e., Save the Children Syria) among Christians but not Atheists. Of importance, this was the case only to the degree that Syrian children were perceived as Muslims and, hence, as part of an Abrahamic outgroup. Using a double-randomized experimental design, Study 2 demonstrated the causal effects of religious fundamentalism on Abrahamic categorization and of Abrahamic categorization on mutual resource distribution bias among Muslims and Christians. Together, these studies suggest that religious fundamentalism fuels interreligious conflicts because it crucially impacts basic categorization processes, with subsequent negative effects on intergroup relations.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Journal for the Psychology of Religion on 03 Jul 2014, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10508619.2014.93796
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for respondent-driven sampling studies: "STROBE-RDS" statement.

OBJECTIVES\ud
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Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a new data collection methodology used to estimate characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as the HIV prevalence in drug users. Many national public health systems and international organizations rely on RDS data. However, RDS reporting quality and available reporting guidelines are inadequate. We carried out a systematic review of RDS studies and present Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for RDS Studies (STROBE-RDS), a checklist of essential items to present in RDS publications, justified by an explanation and elaboration document.\ud
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STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING\ud
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We searched the MEDLINE (1970-2013), EMBASE (1974-2013), and Global Health (1910-2013) databases to assess the number and geographical distribution of published RDS studies. STROBE-RDS was developed based on STROBE guidelines, following Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines.\ud
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RESULTS\ud
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RDS has been used in over 460 studies from 69 countries, including the USA (151 studies), China (70), and India (32). STROBE-RDS includes modifications to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The two key areas that required modification concerned the selection of participants and statistical analysis of the sample.\ud
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CONCLUSION\ud
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STROBE-RDS seeks to enhance the transparency and utility of research using RDS. If widely adopted, STROBE-RDS should improve global infectious diseases public health decision making
Large rivers and orogens: the evolution of the Yarlung Tsangpo–Irrawaddy system and the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

The eastern Himalayan syntaxis has experienced some of the highest rates of deformation and erosion in the orogen during the Late Cenozoic, and the Yarlung Tsangpo, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Salween, and Mekong rivers are the key erosional systems in that region. The Yarlung Tsangpo drains southern Tibet and the deep Siang River gorge through the eastern Himalayan syntaxis before joining the Brahmaputra in northeastern India. It has been proposed that the Yarlung Tsangpo drained into other large rivers of southern Asia, such as the Irrawaddy, Salween and Red River. We have used uranium/lead dating and hafnium measurements of detrital zircons from Cenozoic sedimentary deposits in Central Myanmar to demonstrate that the Yarlung Tsangpo formerly drained into the Irrawaddy River in Myanmar through the eastern syntaxis, and that this ancient river system was established by (at least) the Middle–Late Eocene. The Yarlung Tsangpo–Irrawaddy river disconnected in the Early Miocene driven by increased deformation in the eastern syntaxis and headward erosion by tributaries of the Brahmaputra. Our results highlight the significance of the sedimentary record of large orogen-parallel rivers and provide key chronological constraints on landscape evolution during the Early Miocene phase of the Himalayan orogeny
An external field prior for the hidden Potts model with application to cone-beam computed tomography

In images with low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), the information gain from the observed pixel values can be insufficient to distinguish foreground objects. A Bayesian approach to this problem is to incorporate prior information about the objects into a statistical model. A method for representing spatial prior information as an external field in a hidden Potts model is introduced. This prior distribution over the latent pixel labels is a mixture of Gaussian fields, centred on the positions of the objects at a previous point in time. It is particularly applicable in longitudinal imaging studies, where the manual segmentation of one image can be used as a prior for automatic segmentation of subsequent images. The method is demonstrated by application to cone-beam computed tomography (CT), an imaging modality that exhibits distortions in pixel values due to X-ray scatter. The external field prior results in a substantial improvement in segmentation accuracy, reducing the mean pixel misclassification rate for an electron density phantom from 87% to 6%. The method is also applied to radiotherapy patient data, demonstrating how to derive the external field prior in a clinical context
Non-equilibrium time evolution of higher order cumulants of conserved charges and event-by-event analysis

We investigate the time evolution of higher order cumulants of conserved charges in a volume with the diffusion master equation. Applying the result to the diffusion of non-Gaussian fluctuations in the hadronic stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions, we show that the fourth-order cumulant of net-electric charge at LHC energy is suppressed compared with the recently observed second-order cumulant at ALICE, if the higher order cumulants at hadronization are suppressed compared with their values in the hadron phase in equilibrium. The significance of the experimental information on the rapidity window dependence of various cumulants in investigating the history of the dynamical evolution of the hot medium created in relativistic heavy ion collisions is emphasized
Holographic Rényi entropy in AdS 3 /LCFT 2 correspondence

The recent study in AdS 3 /CFT 2 correspondence shows that the tree level contribution and 1-loop correction of holographic Rényi entanglement entropy (HRE) exactly match the direct CFT computation in the large central charge limit. This allows the Rényi entanglement entropy to be a new window to study the AdS/CFT correspondence. In this paper we generalize the study of Rényi entanglement entropy in pure AdS 3 gravity to the massive gravity theories at the critical points. For the cosmological topological massive gravity (CTMG), the dual conformal field theory (CFT) could be a chiral conformal field theory or a logarithmic conformal field theory (LCFT), depending on the asymptotic boundary conditions imposed. In both cases, by studying the short interval expansion of the Rényi entanglement entropy of two disjoint intervals with small cross ratio x , we find that the classical and 1-loop HRE are in exact match with the CFT results, up to order x 6 . To this order, the difference between the massless graviton and logarithmic mode can be seen clearly. Moreover, for the cosmological new massive gravity (CNMG) at critical point, which could be dual to a logarithmic CFT as well, we find the similar agreement in the CNMG/LCFT correspondence. Furthermore we read the 2-loop correction of graviton and logarithmic mode to HRE from CFT computation. It has distinct feature from the one in pure AdS 3 gravity
Non-perturbative QCD effects in q T spectra of Drell-Yan and Z -boson production

The factorization theorems for transverse momentum distributions of dilepton/boson production, recently formulated by Collins and Echevarria-Idilbi-Scimemi in terms of well-defined transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs), allows for a systematic and quantitative analysis of non-perturbative QCD effects of the cross sections involving these quantities. In this paper we perform a global fit using all current available data for Drell-Yan and Z -boson production at hadron colliders within this framework. The perturbative calculable pieces of our estimates are included using a complete resummation at next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy. Performing the matching of transverse momentum distributions onto the standard collinear parton distribution functions and recalling that the corresponding matching coefficient can be partially exponentiated, we find that this exponentiated part is spin-independent and resummable. We argue that the inclusion of higher order perturbative pieces is necessary when data from lower energy scales are analyzed. We consider non-perturbative corrections both to the intrinsic nucleon structure and to the evolution kernel and find that the non-perturbative part of the TMDs could be parametrized in terms of a minimal set of parameters (namely 2-3). When all corrections are included the global fit so performed gives a χ 2 / d . o . f . ≲ 1 and a very precise prediction for vector boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Lumpy AdS 5 × S 5 black holes and black belts

Sufficiently small Schwarzschild black holes in global AdS 5 ×S 5 are Gregory-Laflamme unstable. We construct new families of black hole solutions that bifurcate from the onset of this instability and break the full SO(6) symmetry group of the S 5 down to SO(5). These new “lumpy” solutions are labelled by the harmonics ℓ . We find evidence that the ℓ = 1 branch never dominates the microcanonical/canonical ensembles and connects through a topology-changing merger to a localised black hole solution with S 8 topology. We argue that these S 8 black holes should become the dominant phase in the microcanonical ensemble for small enough energies, and that the transition to Schwarzschild black holes is first order. Furthermore, we find two branches of solutions with ℓ = 2. We expect one of these branches to connect to a solution containing two localised black holes, while the other branch connects to a black hole solution with horizon topology S 4 × S 4 which we call a “black belt”
Room temperature in-plane 〈100〉 magnetic easy axis for Fe3O4/SrTiO3(001):Nb grown by infrared pulsed laser deposition

5 páginas, 3 figuras.-- et al.We examine the magnetic easy-axis directions of stoichiometric magnetite films grown on SrTiO3:Nb by infrared pulsed-laser deposition. Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy reveals that the individual magnetic domains are magnetized along the in-plane 100 film directions. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements show that the maxima of the remanence and coercivity are also along in-plane 100 film directions. This easy-axis orientation differs from bulk magnetite and films prepared by other techniques, establishing that the magnetic anisotropy can be tuned by film growth. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.This research was supported by Projects CTQ2010-15680, MAT2009-14578-C03-01 (MICINN), MAT2012-38045-C04-01 (MINECO), MAT2011-27470-C02-02 (MICINN), MAT2011-25598 (MINECO), the EU-FP7 NANOPYME Project (No. 310516) and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials and Engineering Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000 (Sandia National Laboratories). Experiments performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, were supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. E.R., M.O., M.S., A.T.N., and M.M. gratefully thank financial support from the Ramón y Cajal Programme (MINECO), a CSIC contract, a Geomateriales (CAM, S2009/Mat-1629) contract, a Feodor Lynen Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and a contract through the MICINN FPI Programme, respectively.Peer Reviewe
Do 'big losses' in judgmental adjustments to statistical forecasts affect experts' behaviour

The behaviour of poker players and sports gamblers has been shown to change after winning or losing a significant amount of money on a single hand. In this paper, we explore whether there are changes in experts’ behaviour when performing judgmental adjustments to statistical forecasts and, in particular, examine the impact of ‘big losses’. We define a big loss as a judgmental adjustment that significantly decreases the forecasting accuracy compared to the baseline statistical forecast. In essence, big losses are directly linked with wrong direction or highly overshooting judgmental overrides. Using relevant behavioural theories, we empirically examine the effect of such big losses on subsequent judgmental adjustments exploiting a large multinational data set containing statistical forecasts of demand for pharmaceutical products, expert adjustments and actual sales. We then discuss the implications of our findings for the effective design of forecasting support systems, focusing on the aspects of guidance and restrictiveness
The permanent thermal infrared network for the monitoring of hydrothermal activity at the Solfatara and Vesuvius volcanoes.

In this paper we describe the activities carried out for the realization of an image surveillance
systems, in the thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths range, for the continuous long-term
monitoring of the shallow thermal structure of the Solfatara (Campi Flegrei) and Vesuvius
volcanoes. The system implementation was pursued by both acquiring and integrating all the
technological instruments necessary to operate an instrumental system constituted by: a
network of remote monitoring stations; a transmission system for the image data
centralization; a control unit for both the remote stations control and the acquired data
processing. The analysis of two-years long series of IR images collected at the Solfatara
allowed us to evaluate, in the observation period, the main thermal features of the major
fumarole field located in the SE inner slope of the Solfatara crater
Seismicity, seismotectonics and crustal velocity structure of the Messina Strait (Italy)

The Messina Strait is the most important structural element interrupting the southernmost part of the Alpine-Apenninic orogenic belt, known as the Calabro-Peloritan Arc. It is being a narrow fan-shaped basin linking the Ionian Sea to the Tyrrhenian Sea. This region is affected by considerable seismic activity which mirrors the geodynamic processes due to the convergence between the African and the Eurasian plates. In the last four centuries, a significant number of disastrous earthquakes originated along the Arc. Among these, the most noteworthy event occurred on December 28, 1908 (known as the Reggio Calabria-Messina earthquake), in the Messina Strait area and caused a large tsunami and more than 100,000 casualties. In this research we focus on the relationships between the general tectonic setting, which characterize the Messina Strait and adjacent areas, seismicity patterns and the crustal structure. We analyzed a data set consisting of more than 300 events occurring in the years from 1999 to 2007, having a magnitude range from 1.0 to 3.8. This data set was exploited in a local earthquake tomography,  by carrying out a simultaneous inversion of both the three-dimensional velocity structure and the distribution of seismic foci. We applied the “tomoADD” algorithm, which uses a combination of absolute and differential arrival times and a concept of self-adapting grid geometry, accounting for ray density encountered across the volume. With this method the accuracy of event locations is improved and velocity structure near the source region is resolved in more detail than standard tomography. 
Fault plane solutions were obtained for the major and best-recorded earthquakes. The obtained velocity images highlight vertical and lateral heterogeneities that can be associated with structural features striking from NNE-SSW to NE-SW. These results are consistent with important tectonic elements visible at the surface and the pattern delineated by earthquake locations and focal mechanisms