pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Rapid and multiband variability of the TeV bright active nucleus of the galaxy IC 310

The radio galaxy IC 310 has recently been identified as a γ-ray emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. Aims. To understand the nature of IC 310 and the origin of the VHE emission, we studied the spectral and flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE γ-ray regime. Methods. The light curve of IC 310 above 300 GeV has been measured with the MAGIC telescopes from 2009 October to 2010 February. Contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data (2008−2011) in the 10−500 GeV energy range were also analyzed. In the X-ray regime, archival observations from 2003 to 2007 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5−10 keV band were studied. Results. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present (>5σ). The photon index between 120 GeV and 8 TeV remains at the value Γ ~ 2.0 during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show significant variability, whereas the flux at 1 TeV changes by a factor of ~7. Fermi-LAT detected only eight γ-ray events in the energy range 10 GeV<br>500 GeV in three years of observation. The measured photon index of Γ = 1.3 ± 0.5 in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements show strong variability in both flux and photon index. The latter varied from 1.76 ± 0.07 to 2.55 ± 0.07. Conclusions. The rapid variability measured in γ-rays and X-rays confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC 310. The multi-TeV γ-ray emission seems to originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii (for a black hole mass of 2 × 108 M⊙) within the compact core of its FR I radio jet with orientation angle 10°−38°. The spectral energy distribution resembles that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of magnitude lower
Homogenization of fully overdamped Frenkel-Kontorova models

International audienceIn this paper, we consider the fully overdamped Frenkel-Kontorova model. This is an infinite system of coupled first order ODEs. Each ODE represents the microscopic evolution of one particle interacting with its neighbors and submitted to a fixed periodic potential. After a proper rescaling, a macroscopic model describing the evolution of densities of particles is obtained. We get this homogenization result for a general class of Frenkel-Kontorova models. The proof is based on the construction of suitable hull functions in the framework of viscosity solutions
Fe-XANES analyses of Reykjanes Ridge basalts: Implications for oceanic crust's role in the solid Earth oxygen cycle

The cycling of material from Earth's surface environment into its interior can couple mantle oxidation state to the evolution of the oceans and atmosphere. A major uncertainty in this exchange is whether altered oceanic crust entering subduction zones can carry the oxidised signal it inherits during alteration at the ridge into the deep mantle for long-term storage. Recycled oceanic crust may be entrained into mantle upwellings and melt under ocean islands, creating the potential for basalt chemistry to constrain solid Earth–hydrosphere redox coupling.\ud
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Numerous independent observations suggest that Iceland contains a significant recycled oceanic crustal component, making it an ideal locality to investigate links between redox proxies and geochemical indices of enrichment. We have interrogated the elemental, isotope and redox geochemistry of basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge, which forms a 700 km transect of the Iceland plume. Over this distance, geophysical and geochemical tracers of plume influence vary dramatically, with the basalts recording both long- and short-wavelength heterogeneity in the Iceland plume. We present new high-precision Fe-XANES measurements of Fe3+/∑Fe on a suite of 64 basalt glasses from the Reykjanes Ridge. These basalts exhibit positive correlations between Fe3+/∑Fe and trace element and isotopic signals of enrichment, and become progressively oxidised towards Iceland: fractionation-corrected Fe3+/∑Fe increases by ∼0.015 and ΔQFM by ∼0.2 log units. We rule out a role for sulfur degassing in creating this trend, and by considering various redox melting processes and metasomatic source enrichment mechanisms, conclude that an intrinsically oxidised component within the Icelandic mantle is required. Given the previous evidence for entrained oceanic crustal material within the Iceland plume, we consider this the most plausible carrier of the oxidised signal.\ud
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To determine the ferric iron content of the recycled component ([Fe2O3]source) we project observed liquid compositions to an estimate of Fe2O3 in the pure enriched endmember melt, and then apply simple fractional melting models, considering lherzolitic and pyroxenitic source mineralogies, to estimate [Fe2O3](source) content. Propagating uncertainty through these steps, we obtain a range of [Fe2O3](source) for the enriched melts (0.9–1.4 wt%) that is significantly greater than the ferric iron content of typical upper mantle lherzolites. This range of ferric iron contents is consistent with a hybridised lherzolite–basalt (pyroxenite) mantle component. The oxidised signal in enriched Icelandic basalts is therefore potential evidence for seafloor–hydrosphere interaction having oxidised ancient mid-ocean ridge crust, generating a return flux of oxygen into the deep mantle
Theoretical and Experimental Comparison of Box Solar Cookers with and without Internal Reflector

Box solar cookers are commonly built with internal shee
t metal painted black as an absorber. In order to
increase the performance, a design which incorporates
internal reflection is proposed in this paper. The
aim of this paper is to report
comparisons made between box solar
cookers with and without internal
reflector. Theoretical modelling of the two types of co
okers has been made by considering the radiation,
convection and conduction heat transfer employing th
e thermal network method. The theoretical analysis
made was based on steady state heat transfer analysis
of the cookers. Experimental comparisons were also
made on two cookers having the same aperture area an
d made from the same type of materials except the
internal absorber. The tests were made as per the
American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE)
procedure.
The result of the theoretical analysis predicts that the performance will be higher in the cooker with
internal reflector than the same cooker without reflector. The steady state analysis shows that for the
cooker with reflection the temperature of the bottom absorber plate is higher than the cooker without
reflector. Similarly, results of dry test and water boiling test show better performance by the cooker with
reflector. The standard stagnation temperature and the
cooking power were higher in the cooker with
reflector as compared to the cooker without reflector.
In conclusion, the performance of box solar cookers
can be enhanced by making appropriate angle side w
alls of the absorber and providing internal reflection
”Swim for Health:’ programme evaluation of a multi-partner intervention utilising aquatic exercise in the north of England: interim findings

The Governing body for aquatic activity in the UK (the ASA) has initiated a number of health initiatives during the past two years. These initiatives are in response to modern health problems, including rising levels of obesity. Regular aquatic activity offers significant potential to reduce the prevalence of obesity, as it is affordable and widely available. ‘Swim for Health’ is a multi-agency partnership in two local authority districts in the North of England. It aims to decrease health inequalities in four key groups; pre-school children and their families, people in full time employment, people with a range of health needs, including obesity, and people aged over 50 years. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the success of the ‘Swim for Health’ initiative in achieving its stated aims. \ud
Methods were based upon a programme theory evaluation model. Attendance figures were analysed by session and by local authority. 82 Semi-structured interviews were completed with organisers, participants and non-participants. 269 Questionnaires were completed to augment interview data. \ud
‘Swim for Health’ has increased aquatic participation in specific groups. Participants belonged to the intended groups, suggesting target populations utilised services as intended. Participants were largely female. Self-reported physical activity levels were higher in participants than non-participants. Perceptions of risk and of participants’ bodies were key barriers to participation.\ud
‘Swim for Health’ is meeting many of its aims, including increasing participation and offering a range of aquatic services. However, a number of weaknesses remain, particularly a failure to engage with male participants
Electrical properties and reactivity under air-CO flows of composite systems based on ceria coated carbon nanotubes

International audienceNanocomposite systems of ceria nanoparticles and Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNTs) coated with nanoceria (nCeO2) were elaborated using a classical sol gel method. Three samples noted as [nCeO2 + xDWNTs] with variable weight fractions x = 0, 5 and 15 wt.% of DWNTs were obtained. The samples were characterized by Xray diffraction and electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity of [nCeO2 + xDWNTs] compacted pellets systems was determined from electrical impedance spectrometry, under air, between 120 and 400 °C. In this temperature range, all samples were semiconducting with a weak variation of activation energy. However, the conductivity strongly increased with the weight fraction of ceria coated carbon nanotubes. Finally, the solid-gas interactions between air-CO flows and these systems were studied as a function of time and temperature, by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The oxidation kinetics of CO into CO2 was analyzed from the evolutions of FTIR absorption band intensities. As the carbon nanotube fraction x increased, the conversion efficiency was strongly improved
Oxygen vacancy and EC − 1 eV electron trap in ZnO

International audienceFourier transform deep level transient spectroscopy has been performed between 80 and 550 Kin five n-type ZnO samples grown by different techniques. The capture cross section andionization energy of four electron traps have been deduced from Arrhenius diagrams. A trap1 eV below the conduction band edge is systematically observed in the five samples with alarge apparent capture cross section for electrons (1.6 ± 0.4 × 10−13 cm2) indicating a donorcharacter. The assignment of this deep level to the oxygen vacancy is discussed on the basis ofavailable theoretical predictions
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlation structures in p–Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02TeV

International audienceTwo-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7 < p T,assoc < p T,trig < 5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3
Thorotrast and invivo thorium dioxide: Numerical simulation of 30 years of α radiation absorption by the tissues near a large compact source

BACKGROUND:\ud
\ud
The epidemiology of the slightly radioactive contrast agent named Thorotrast presents a very long latency period between the injection and the development of the related pathologies. It is an example of the more general problem posed by a radioactive internal contaminant whose effects are not noteworthy in the short term but become dramatic in the long period. A point that is still to be explored is fluctuations (in space and time) in the localized absorption of radiation by the tissues.\ud
METHODS:\ud
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A Monte Carlo simulation code has been developed to study over a 30-year period the daily absorption of α radiation by μm-sized portions of tissue placed at a distance of 0-100 μm from a model source, that approximates a compact thorium dioxide source in liver or spleen whose size is ≳20 μm. The biological depletion of the daughter nuclei of the thorium series is taken into account. The initial condition assumes chemically purified natural thorium.\ud
RESULTS:\ud
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Most of the absorbed dose is concentrated in a 25-μm thick layer of tissue, adjacent to the source boundary. Fluctuations where a target region with a volume of 1 μm(3) is hit by 3-5 α particles in a day or in a shorter period of time are relevant in a 1-10 μm thick layer of tissue adjacent to the source boundary, where their frequency is larger than the Poisson-law prediction
Search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a single top quark in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

This paper presents the search for the production of a Higgs boson in association with a single top quark (tHq), using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1. The search exploits a variety of Higgs boson decay modes resulting in final states with photons, bottom quarks, and multiple charged leptons, including tau leptons, and employs a variety of multivariate techniques to maximize sensitivity to the signal. The analysis is optimized for the opposite sign of the Yukawa coupling to that in the standard model, corresponding to a large enhancement of the signal cross section. In the absence of an excess of candidate signal events over the background predictions, 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limits on anomalous tHq production are set, ranging between 600 (450) fb and 1000 (700) fb depending on the assumed diphoton branching fraction of the Higgs boson. This is the first time that results on anomalous tHq production have been reported
Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections for Higgs boson production in the diphoton decay channel at s√=8 TeV with ATLAS

Measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections are presented for Higgs
boson production in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √
s = 8 TeV. The
analysis is performed in the H → γγ decay channel using 20.3 fb−1 of data recorded by the
ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is extracted using a fit
to the diphoton invariant mass spectrum assuming that the width of the resonance is much
smaller than the experimental resolution. The signal yields are corrected for the effects of
detector inefficiency and resolution. The pp → H → γγ fiducial cross section is measured to
be 43.2 ±9.4 (stat.)
+3.2
−2.9
(syst.) ±1.2 (lumi) fb for a Higgs boson of mass 125.4 GeV decaying
to two isolated photons that have transverse momentum greater than 35% and 25% of
the diphoton invariant mass and each with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.37. Four
additional fiducial cross sections and two cross-section limits are presented in phase space
regions that test the theoretical modelling of different Higgs boson production mechanisms,
or are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Differential cross sections are also
presented, as a function of variables related to the diphoton kinematics and the jet activity
produced in the Higgs boson events. The observed spectra are statistically limited but
broadly in line with the theoretical expectations.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MIN-ERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Measurement of jet fragmentation into charged particles in pp and PbPb collisions at √s NN = 2.76 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2012.10 (2012): 087 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMJet fragmentation in pp and PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76TeV per nucleon pair was studied using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Fragmentation functions are constructed using charged-particle tracks with transverse momenta pT > 4 GeV/c for dijet events with a leading jet of pT > 100 GeV/c. The fragmentation functions in PbPb events are compared to those in pp data as a function of collision centrality, as well as dijet-pT imbalance. Special emphasis is placed on the most central PbPb events including dijets with unbalanced momentum, indicative of energy loss of the hard scattered parent partons. The fragmentation patterns for both the leading and subleading jets in PbPb collisions agree with those seen in pp data at 2.76TeV. The results provide evidence that, despite the large parton energy loss observed in PbPb collisions, the partition of the remaining momentum within the jet cone into high-pT particles is not strongly modified in comparison to that observed for jets in vacuu
A measurement of the ratio of the W and Z cross sections with exactly one associated jet in pp collisions at s=7TeV with ATLAS

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración y los autores que firman como pertenecientes a la UAMThe ratio of production cross sections of the W and Z bosons with exactly one associated jet is presented as a function of jet transverse momentum threshold. The measurement has been designed to maximise cancellation of experimental and theoretical uncertainties, and is reported both within a particle-level kinematic range corresponding to the detector acceptance and as a total cross-section ratio. Results are obtained with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 33 pb−1. The results are compared with perturbative leading-order, leading-log, and next-to-leading-order QCD predictions, and are found to agree within experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The ratio is measured for events with a single jet with pT > 30 GeV to be 8.73 ± 0.30(stat) ± 0.40(syst) in the electron channel, and 8.49 ± 0.23(stat) ± 0.33(syst) in the muon channelWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.                                               The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF
(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Role of transpiration reduction during center pivot sprinkler irrigation in application efficiency

The magnitude and duration of corn transpiration reduction during center-pivot sprinkler irrigation was analyzed on a commercial plot. The irrigation event was defined as the period during which the pivot arm was passing over the transect AC and water droplets were moistening the plants (moist treatment). Corn transpiration rates were measured at three spots of that transect and simultaneously at another spot (dry treatment) located approximately 270 m east from the transect AC. Corn transpiration rates for the moist treatment location were reduced by 30–36% compared to the dry treatment location during the irrigation event. After irrigation, the transpiration reduction lasted for 1.8–2.6 h, and ranged from 22–29%. The gross wind drift and evaporation losses ranged from 10–13% of the applied water, whereas the net interception losses were 2% of the applied water. Considering the observed corn transpiration reduction during and after the irrigation, the net sprinkler evaporation losses ranged from 11–13% of the applied water, with no relevant differences along the pivot arm.


Read More: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.000053