pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Quantum computing and quantum measurement with mesoscopic Josephson
  junctions

Recent experimental demonstrations of quantum coherence of the charge and
flux states of Josephson junctions show that the quantum Josephson dynamics can
be used to develop scalable quantum logic circuits. In this work, I review the
basic concepts of Josephson tunneling and Josephson-junction qubits, and
discuss two problems of this tunneling motivated by quantum computing
applications. One is the theory of photon-assisted resonant flux tunneling in
SQUID systems used to demonstrate quantum coherence of flux. Another is the
problem of quantum measurement of charge with the SET electrometer. It is shown
that the SET electrometer at the Coulomb blockade threshold is the
quantum-limited detector with energy sensitivity reaching $\hbar/\sqrt{3}$ in
the resonant-tunneling regime.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures; to appear in the Speical Issue of "Forschritte
  der Physik
Sorting and Selection with Imprecise Comparisons

In experimental psychology, the method of paired comparisons was proposed as a means for ranking preferences amongst n elements of a human subject. The method requires performing all (n2) comparisons then sorting elements according to the number of wins. The large number of comparisons is performed to counter the potentially faulty decision-making of the human subject, who acts as an imprecise comparator.

We consider a simple model of the imprecise comparisons: there exists some δ> 0 such that when a subject is given two elements to compare, if the values of those elements (as perceived by the subject) differ by at least δ, then the comparison will be made correctly; when the two elements have values that are within δ, the outcome of the comparison is unpredictable. This δ corresponds to the just noticeable difference unit (JND) or difference threshold in the psychophysics literature, but does not require the statistical assumptions used to define this value.

In this model, the standard method of paired comparisons minimizes the errors introduced by the imprecise comparisons at the cost of (n2) comparisons. We show that the same optimal guarantees can be achieved using 4 n 3/2 comparisons, and we prove the optimality of our method. We then explore the general tradeoff between the guarantees on the error that can be made and number of comparisons for the problems of sorting, max-finding, and selection. Our results provide close-to-optimal solutions for each of these problems.Engineering and Applied Science
Planck 2015 results. XX. Constraints on inflation

We present the implications for cosmic inflation of the Planck measurements
of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in both temperature and
polarization based on the full Planck survey. The Planck full mission
temperature data and a first release of polarization data on large angular
scales measure the spectral index of curvature perturbations to be
$n_\mathrm{s} = 0.968 \pm 0.006$ and tightly constrain its scale dependence to
$d n_s/d \ln k =-0.003 \pm 0.007$ when combined with the Planck lensing
likelihood. When the high-$\ell$ polarization data is included, the results are
consistent and uncertainties are reduced. The upper bound on the
tensor-to-scalar ratio is $r_{0.002} < 0.11$ (95% CL), consistent with the
B-mode polarization constraint $r< 0.12$ (95% CL) obtained from a joint
BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck analysis. These results imply that $V(\phi)
\propto \phi^2$ and natural inflation are now disfavoured compared to models
predicting a smaller tensor-to-scalar ratio, such as $R^2$ inflation. Three
independent methods reconstructing the primordial power spectrum are
investigated. The Planck data are consistent with adiabatic primordial
perturbations. We investigate inflationary models producing an anisotropic
modulation of the primordial curvature power spectrum as well as generalized
models of inflation not governed by a scalar field with a canonical kinetic
term. The 2015 results are consistent with the 2013 analysis based on the
nominal mission data.Comment: 68 pages, 59 figures, 18 tables; updates to match the published
  versio
Non-perturbative improvement of the axial current in N_f=3 lattice QCD
  with Wilson fermions and tree-level improved gauge action

The coefficient c_A required for O(a) improvement of the axial current in
lattice QCD with N_f=3 flavors of Wilson fermions and the tree-level
Symanzik-improved gauge action is determined non-perturbatively. The standard
improvement condition using Schroedinger functional boundary conditions is
employed at constant physics for a range of couplings relevant for simulations
at lattice spacings of ~ 0.09 fm and below. We define the improvement condition
projected onto the zero topological charge sector of the theory, in order to
avoid the problem of possibly insufficient tunneling between topological
sectors in our simulations at the smallest bare coupling. An interpolation
formula for c_A(g_0^2) is provided together with our final results.Comment: 16 pages including figures and tables, latex2e; version published in
  Nucl. Phys. B, small additions to the text and references added, results
  unchange
Orbital phase resolved spectroscopy of 4U1538-52 with MAXI

4U 1538-52, an absorbed high mass X-ray binary with an orbital period of 3.73
days, shows moderate orbital intensity modulations with a low level of counts
during the eclipse. Several models have been proposed to explain the accretion
at different orbital phases by a spherically symmetric stellar wind from the
companion. The aim of this work is to study both the light curve and orbital
phase spectroscopy of this source in the long term. Particularly, the folded
light curve and the changes of the spectral parameters with orbital phase to
analyse the stellar wind of QV Nor, the mass donor of this binary system. We
used all the observations made from the Gas Slit Camera on board MAXI of 4U
1538-52 covering many orbits continuously. We obtained the good interval times
for every orbital phase range which were the input to extract our data. We
estimated the orbital period of the system and then folded the light curves and
we fitted the X-ray spectra with the same model for every orbital phase
spectrum. We also extracted the averaged spectrum of all the MAXI data
available. The MAXI spectra in the 2-20 keV energy range were fitted with an
absorbed Comptonization of cool photons on hot electrons. We found a strong
orbital dependence of the absorption column density but neither the
fluorescence iron emission line nor low energy excess were needed to fit the
MAXI spectra. The variation of the spectral parameters over the binary orbit
were used to examine the mode of accretion onto the neutron star in 4U 1538-52.
We deduce a best value of $\dot{M}/v_\infty=0.65\times 10^{-9}$ $M_{\odot} \,
yr^{-1}/(km \, s^{-1})$ for QV Nor.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted to be published by A&A, corrected typos
  (changing bold font to normal one
Challenging the sensitivity limits of paleomagnetism : magnetostratigraphy of weakly magnetized Guadalupian-Lopingian (Permian) limestone from Kyushu, Japan

Despite their utility for bio- and chemostratigraphy, many carbonate platform sequences have been difficult to analyze using paleomagnetic techniques due to their extraordinarily weak natural remanent magnetizations (NRMs). However, the physical processes of magnetization imply that stable NRMs can be preserved that are many orders of magnitude below our present measurement abilities. Recent advances in reducing the noise level of superconducting magnetometer systems, particularly the introduction of DC-SQUID sensors and development of a low-noise sample handling system using thin-walled quartz-glass vacuum tubes, have solved many of these instrumentation problems, increasing the effective sensitivity by a factor of nearly 50 over the previous techniques of SQUID moment magnetometry.Here we report the successful isolation of a two-polarity characteristic remanent magnetization from Middle-Late Permian limestone formed in the atoll of a mid-oceanic paleo-seamount, now preserved in the Jurassic accretionary complex in Japan, which had proved difficult to analyze in past studies. Paleothermometric indicators including Conodont Alteration Indices, carbonate petrology, and clumped isotope paleothermometry are consistent with peak burial temperatures close to 130°C, consistent with rock magnetic indicators suggesting fine-grained magnetite and hematite holds the NRM. The magnetic polarity pattern is in broad agreement with previous global magnetostratigraphic summaries from the interval of the Early-Middle Permian Kiaman Reversed Superchron and the Permian-Triassic mixed interval, and ties the Tethyan-Panthalassan fusuline zones to it. Elevated levels of hematite associated with the positive δC of the Kamura event argue for a brief spike in environmental oxygen. The results also place the paleo-seamount at a paleolatitude of ~12° S, in the middle of the Panthalassan Ocean, and imply a N/NW transport toward the Asian margin of Pangea during Triassic and Jurassic times, in accordance with the predicted trajectory from its tectono-sedimentary background. These developments should expand the applicability of magnetostratigraphic techniques to many additional portions of the Geological time scale.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Flammability conditions for ultra-lean hydrogen premixed\ud
combustion based on flame-ball analyses

It has been reasoned that the structures of strongly cellular flames in very lean mixtures approach an array of flame balls, each burning as if it were isolated, thereby indicating a connection between the critical conditions required for existence of steady flame balls and\ud
those necessary for occurrence of self-sustained premixed combustion. This is the starting assumption of the present study, in which structures of near-limit steady sphericosym-metrical flame balls are investigated with the objective of providing analytic expressions for critical combustion conditions in ultra-lean hydrogen-oxygen mixtures diluted with N2 and water vapor. If attention were restricted to planar premixed flames, then the lean-limit mole\ud
fraction of H2 would be found to be roughly ten percent, more than twice the observed flammability limits, thereby emphasizing the relevance of the flame-ball phenomena.\ud
Numerical integrations using detailed models for chemistry and radiation show that a onestep chemical-kinetic reduced mechanism based on steady-state assumptions for all\ud
chemical intermediates, together with a simple, optically thin approximation for water-vapor radiation, can be used to compute near-limit fuel-lean flame balls with excellent accuracy. The previously developed one-step reaction rate includes a crossover temperature that determines in the first approximation a chemical-kinetic lean limit below which combustión cannot occur, with critical conditions achieved when the diffusion-controlled radiation-free\ud
peak temperature, computed with account taken of hydrogen Soret diffusion, is equal to the crossover temperature. First-order corrections are found by activation-energy asymptotics in a solution that involves a near-field radiation-free zone surrounding a spherical flame sheet,\ud
together with a far-field radiation-conduction balance for the temperature profile. Different scalings are found depending on whether or not the surrounding atmosphere contains wáter vapor, leading to different analytic expressions for the critical conditions for flame-ball\ud
existence, which give results in very good agreement with those obtained by detailed numerical computations
The impact of a suicide prevention strategy on reducing the economic cost of suicide in the New South Wales construction industry

BACKGROUND: Little research has been conducted into the cost and prevention of self-harm in the workplace. AIMS: To quantify the economic cost of self-harm and suicide among New South Wales (NSW) construction industry (CI) workers and to examine the potential economic impact of implementing Mates in Construction (MIC). METHOD: Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Effectiveness was measured using the relative risk ratio (RRR). In Queensland (QLD), relative suicide risks were estimated for 5-year periods before and after the commencement of MIC. For NSW, the difference between the expected (i.e., using NSW pre-MIC [2008-2012] suicide risk) and counterfactual suicide cases (i.e., applying QLD RRR) provided an estimate of potential suicide cases averted in the post-MIC period (2013-2017). Results were adjusted using the average uptake (i.e., 9.4%) of MIC activities in QLD. Economic savings from averted cases were compared with the cost of implementing MIC. RESULTS: The cost of self-harm and suicide in the NSW CI was AU $527 million in 2010. MIC could potentially avert 0.4 suicides, 1.01 full incapacity cases, and 4.92 short absences, generating annual savings of AU $3.66 million. For every AU $1 invested, the economic return is approximately AU $4.6. CONCLUSION: MIC represents a positive economic investment in workplace safety
Search for diphoton resonances in the mass range from 150 to 850 GeV in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 8 TeV

Results are presented of a search for heavy particles decaying into two photons. The analysis is based on a 19.7 $fb^{−1}$ sample of proton–proton collisions at s=8TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The diphoton mass spectrum from 150 to 850 GeV is used to search for an excess of events over the background. The search is extended to new resonances with natural widths of up to 10% of the mass value. No evidence for new particle production is observed and limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction to diphotons are determined. These limits are interpreted in terms of two-Higgs-doublet model parameters
Jet Vetoes interfering with H → WW

Far off-shell Higgs production in H → WW , ZZ , is a particularly powerful probe of Higgs properties, allowing one to disentangle Higgs width and coupling information unavailable in on-shell rate measurements. These measurements require an understanding of the cross section in the far off-shell region in the presence of realistic experimental cuts. We analytically study the effect of a p T jet veto on far off-shell cross sections, including signal-background interference, by utilizing hard functions in the soft collinear effective theory that are differential in the decay products of the W / Z . Summing large logarithms of M WW / p T Teto $$ {M}_{WW}/{p}_T^{Teto} $$ , we find that the jet veto induces a strong dependence on M WW , modifying distributions in M WW and M T . The example of gg → H → WW is used to demonstrate these effects at next to leading log order. We also discuss the importance of jet vetoes and jet binning for the recent program to extract Higgs couplings and widths from far off-shell cross sections
Defect scaling Lee–Yang model from the perturbed DCFT point of view

We analyze the defect scaling Lee–Yang model from the perturbed defect conformal field theory (DCFT) point of view. First the defect Lee–Yang model is solved by calculating its structure constants from the sewing relations. Integrable defect perturbations are identified in conformal defect perturbation theory. Then pure defect flows connecting integrable conformal defects are described. We develop a defect truncated conformal space approach (DTCSA) to analyze the one parameter family of integrable massive perturbations in finite volume numerically. Fusing the integrable defect to an integrable boundary the relation between the IR and UV parameters can be derived from the boundary relations. We checked these results by comparing the spectrum for large volumes to the scattering theory
Galactic production of 138 La: Impact of 138,139 La statistical properties

The γ -ray strength functions and nuclear level densities of 138 La and 139 La have been measured below the neutron separation energies. These new data were used to calculate astrophysical Maxwellian-averaged ( n,γ ) cross-sections to investigate the production and destruction of the p -nucleus 138 La in the photodisintegration process. The results confirm the underproduction of 138 La in the p -process with respect to the observed abundances and strongly support the ν -process through νe capture on 138 Ba as the main contributor to the synthesis of 138 La in Type II supernovae
Enrolment of older people in social health protection programs in West Africa – does social exclusion play a part?

Although the population of older people in Africa is increasing, and older people are becoming increasingly vulnerable due to urbanisation, breakdown of family structures and rising healthcare costs, most African countries have no social health protection for older people. Two exceptions include Senegal's Plan Sesame, a user fees exemption for older people and Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) where older people are exempt from paying premiums. Evidence on whether older people are aware of and enrolling in these schemes is however lacking. We aim to fill this gap. Besides exploring economic indicators, we also investigate whether social exclusion determines enrolment of older people. This is the first study that tries to explore the social, political, economic and cultural (SPEC) dimensions of social exclusion in the context of social health protection programs for older people. Data were collected by two cross-sectional household surveys conducted in Ghana and Senegal in 2012. We develop SPEC indices and conduct logistic regressions to study the determinants of enrolment. Our results indicate that older people vulnerable to social exclusion in all SPEC dimensions are less likely to enrol in Plan Sesame and those that are vulnerable in the political dimension are less likely to enrol in NHIS. Efforts should be taken to specifically enrol older people in rural areas, ethnic minorities, women and those isolated due to a lack of social support. Consideration should also be paid to modify scheme features such as eliminating the registration fee for older people in NHIS and creating administration offices for ID cards in remote communities in Senegal
Helium mediated deposition: modeling the He-TiO2(110)-(1x1) interaction potential and application to the collision of a helium droplet from density functional calculations

This paper is the first of a two-part series dealing with quantum-mechanical (density-functional-based) studies of helium mediated deposition of catalytic species on the rutile TiO(2)(110)-(1X1) surface. The interaction of helium with the TiO(2 (110)-(1X1) surface is first evaluated using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional at a numerical grid dense enough to build an analytical three-dimensional potential energy surface. Three (two prototype) potential models for the He-surface interaction in helium scattering calculations are analyzed to build the analytical potential energy surface: (1) the hard-corrugated-wall potential model; (2) the corrugated-Morse potential model; and (3) the three-dimensional Morse potential model. Different model potentials are then used to study the dynamics upon collision of a (4)He(300) cluster with the TiO(2)(110) surface at zero temperature within the framework of a time-dependent density-functional approach for the quantum fluid [D. Mateo, D. Jin, M. Barranco, and M. Pi, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 044507 (2011)] and classical dynamics calculations. The laterally averaged density functional theory-based potential with an added long-range dispersion interaction term is further applied. At variance with classical dynamics calculations, showing helium droplet splashing out of the surface at impact, the time evolution of the macroscopic helium wave-function predicts that the helium droplet spreads on the rutile surface and leads to the formation of a thin film above the substrate. This work thus provides a basis for simulating helium mediated deposition of metallic clusters embedded within helium nanodroplets.This work has been performed under Grant Nos. FIS2011-29596-C02-01 and FIS2011-28617-C02-01 from DGI, Spain (FEDER), Grant No. 2009SGR1289 from Generalitat de Catalunya, and Grant No. CCG08-CSIC/ESP- 3680 from CSIC-CM. The support of COST Action CM1002 (CODECS) and the MICINN Grants Nos. FIS2007-62006 and FIS2010-18132 are also gratefully acknowledged. N.F.A. has been supported by a predoctoral JAE fellowship from the CSIC and D.M. by the ME (Spain) FPU program, Grant No. AP2008-04343.Peer Reviewe
Search for the direct production of charginos, neutralinos and staus in final states with at least two hadronically decaying taus and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for the electroweak associated production of charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, pairs of charginos or pairs of tau sleptons are presented. These processes are characterised by final states with at least two hadronically decaying tau leptons, missing transverse momentum and low jet activity. The analysis is based on an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at root s = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess is observed with respect to the predictions from Standard Model processes. Limits are set at 95% confidence level on the masses of the lighter chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino for various hypotheses for the lightest neutralino mass in simplified models. In the scenario of direct production of chargino pairs, with each chargino decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, chargino masses up to 345 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino. For associated production of mass-degenerate charginos and next-to-lightest neutralinos, both decaying into the lightest neutralino via an intermediate tau slepton, masses up to 410 GeV are excluded for a massless lightest neutralino.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2014)096 </p
Partially disordered photonic-crystal thin films for enhanced and robust photovoltaics

We present a general framework for the design of thin-film photovoltaics based on a partially disordered photonic crystal that has both enhanced absorption for light trapping and reduced sensitivity to the angle and polarization of incident radiation. The absorption characteristics of different lattice structures are investigated as an initial periodic structure is gradually perturbed. We find that an optimal amount of disorder controllably introduced into a multi-lattice photonic crystal causes the characteristic narrow-band, resonant peaks to be broadened resulting in a device with enhanced and robust performance ideal for typical operating conditions of photovoltaic applications
The new vertical neutron beam line at the CERN n_TOF facility design and outlook on the performance

At the neutron Lime-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN a new vertical beam line was constructed in 2014, in order to extend the experimental possibilities at this facility to an even wider range of challenging cross-section measurements of interest in astrophysics, nuclear technology and medical physics. The design of the beam line and the experimental hall was based on FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations, aiming at maximizing the neutron flux, reducing the beam halo and minimizing the background from neutrons interacting with the collimator or back-scattered in the beam dump. \ud
The present paper gives an overview on the design of the beam line and the relevant elements and provides an outlook on the expected performance regarding the neutron beam intensity, shape and energy resolution, as well as the neutron and photon backgroundsPostprint (author's final draft