pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Observation of $\eta_c(2S) \to p\overline{p}$ and search for X(3872) $\to p\overline{p}$ decays

The first observation of the decay $\eta_{c}(2S) \to p \bar p$ is reported using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\rm \, fb^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The $\eta_{c}(2S)$ resonance is produced in the decay $B^{+} \to [c\bar c] K^{+}$. The product of branching fractions normalised to that for the $J/\psi$ intermediate state, $\mathcal{R}_{\eta_{c}(2S)}$, is measured to be $\mathcal{R}_{\eta_{c}(2S)}\equiv\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \eta_{c}(2S) K^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(\eta_c(2S) \to p\overline{p})}{\mathcal{B}(B^{+} \to J/\psi K^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(J/\psi\to p\overline{p})} = (1.58 \pm 0.33 \pm 0.09)\times 10^{-2}$, \ud
where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. No signals for the decays $B^{+} \to X(3872) (\to p \bar p) K^{+}$ and $B^{+} \to \psi(3770) (\to p \bar p) K^{+}$ are seen, and the 95\% confidence level upper limits on their relative branching ratios are % found to be ${\cal R}_{X(3872)}<0.25\times10^{-2}$ and ${\cal R}_{\psi(3770))}<0.10$. In addition, the mass differences between the $\eta_{c}(1S)$ and the $J/\psi$ states, between the $\eta_{c}(2S)$ and the $\psi(2S)$ states, and the natural width of the $\eta_{c}(1S)$ are measured as \ud
$M_{J/\psi} - M_{\eta_{c}(1S)} = 110.2 \pm 0.5 \pm 0.9 MeV$, \ud
$M_{\psi(2S)} - M_{\eta_{c}(2S)} = 52.5 \pm 1.7 \pm 0.6 MeV$, \ud
$\Gamma_{\eta_{c}(1S)} = 34.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 1.3 MeV$
K3 fibrations and softly broken N=4 supersymmetric gauge theories

Global geometry of K3-fibration Calabi-Yau threefolds, with Hodge number h_(2,1) = r+1, is used to define N =4 softly broken SU(r+1) gauge theories, with the bare coupling constant given by the dual heterotic dilaton, and the mass of the adjoint hypermultiplet given by the heterotic string tension. The U(r+1) Donagi-Witten integrable model is also derived from the K3-fibration structure, with the extra U(1) associated to the heterotic dilaton. The case of SU(2) gauge group is analyzed in detail. String physics beyond the heterotic point particle limit is partially described by the N =4 softly broken theory
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The elliptic flow coefficient (v2) of identified particles in Pb-Pb collisions at p sNN = 2.76TeV was measured with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The results were obtained with the Scalar Product method, a two-particle correlation technique, using a pseudo-rapidity gap of |__| > 0.9 between the identified hadron under study and the reference particles. The v2 is reported for _±, K±, K0 S, p+p, _, _+_, _−+_ + and −+ + in several collision centralities. In the low transverse momentum (pT) region, pT < 3 GeV/c, v2(pT) exhibits a particle mass dependence consistent with elliptic flow accompanied by the transverse radial expansion of the system with a common velocity field. The experimental data for _± and the combined K± and K0 S results, are described fairly well by hydrodynamic calculations coupled to a hadronic cascade model (VISHNU) for central collisions. However, the same calculations fail to reproduce the v2(pT) for p+p, _, _+ _ and _−+_ + . For transverse momentum values larger than about 3 GeV/c, particles tend to group according to their type, i.e. mesons and baryons. The present measurements exhibit deviations from the number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at the level of ±20% for pT > 3 GeV/c
Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the H → ZZ∗ → 4ℓ decay channel at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton (e, μ) decay channel using 36.1 fb−1 of pp collision data from the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are measured for the main production modes in several exclusive regions of the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for H → ZZ∗ decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be 1. 73 − 0.23 + 0.24 (stat.) − 0.08 + 0.10 (exp.) ± 0.04(th.) pb compared to the Standard Model prediction of 1.34±0.09 pb. In addition, the tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd couplings to Z bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons
Attributing responsibility for energy justice : a case study of the Hinkley Point Nuclear Complex

This research was made possible through an ESRC 1+3 studentship, as well as research grants from the ESRC (ES/I001425/1) and EPSRC (EP/I035390/1). The lead author would like to thank the ESRC for funding her research in this area and her co-authors for their extensive assistance in the development of this research. The second author would like to thank the ESRC and EPSRC for funding this research agenda.Since 2006, as part of the transition to low-carbon technologies, UK energy policy has moved towards incentivising new nuclear power production. As a result, the UK has developed a (now delayed) strategy to deliver around 16 GW of new nuclear power by 2030. This policy context provides an opportunity to reflect not only on the material infrastructure needed to meet transition targets, but also on who is responsible for the energy justice implications of these decisions. Using data collected from 26 semi-structured interviews with NGO and policy representatives, this paper presents a case study of energy justice concerns surrounding the Hinkley Point Nuclear Complex in Somerset, focusing particularly on the highly controversial Hinkley Point C developments. The results emphasise the importance of considering not only instances of energy justice or injustice, but of attributing responsibility for them, a concept that has been largely overlooked in the energy justice literature. NGOs, government and business allocate responsibility differently in nuclear energy decision-making. We find that perceptions of responsibility are highly dependent upon the level of transparency in decision-making. This article is part of a Virtual Special Issue entitled 'Exploring the Energy Justice Nexus'.PostprintPeer reviewe
Large-scale microscopic simulation of taxi services. Berlin and Barcelona case studies

The paper presents research on large-scale microscopic simulation of taxi services in Berlin and Barcelona based on floating car data collected by local taxi fleets. Firstly, Berlin’s and Barcelona’s taxi markets are shortly described and the demand and supply data obtained from FCD analysed. Secondly, the online taxi dispatching problem formulation for this specific case is given, followed by the definition of two real-time rule-based heuristics used to dispatch taxis dynamically within the simulation. Finally, the simulation setup in MATSim is described, and the results obtained with both heuristics are analysed and compared in terms of dispatching performance, proving the effectiveness of the second strategy at different demand and supply scales. This paper is an extended version of Maciejewski and Bischoff 2015, where only the Berlin case study was presented
MUSE integral-field spectroscopy towards the Frontier Fields cluster Abell S1063 I. Data products and redshift identifications

We present the first observations of the Frontier Fields cluster Abell S1063 taken with the newly commissioned Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer ( MUSE) integral field spectrograph. Because of the relatively large field of view ( 1 arcmin(2)), MUSE is ideal to simultaneously target multiple galaxies in blank and cluster fields over the full optical spectrum. We analysed the four hours of data obtained in the science verification phase on this cluster and measured redshifts for 53 galaxies. We confirm the redshift of five cluster galaxies, and determine the redshift of 29 other cluster members. Behind the cluster, we find 17 galaxies at higher redshift, including three previously unknown Lyman-alpha emitters at z > 3, and five multiply-lensed galaxies. We report the detection of a new z = 4.113 multiply lensed galaxy, with images that are consistent with lensing model predictions derived for the Frontier Fields. We detect C III], C IV, and He II emission in a multiply lensed galaxy at z = 3.116, suggesting the likely presence of an active galactic nucleus. We also created narrow-band images from the MUSE datacube to automatically search for additional line emitters corresponding to high-redshift candidates, but we could not identify any significant detections other than those found by visual inspection. With the new redshifts, it will become possible to obtain an accurate mass reconstruction in the core of Abell S1063 through refined strong lensing modelling. Overall, our results illustrate the breadth of scientific topics that can be addressed with a single MUSE pointing. We conclude that MUSE is a very efficient instrument to observe galaxy clusters, enabling their mass modelling, and to perform a blind search for high-redshift galaxies
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: II Profile of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Adaptive behaviour is a crucial area of assessment for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This study examined the adaptive behaviour profile of 77 young children with ASD using the Vineland-II, and analysed factors associated with adaptive functioning. Consistent with previous research with the original Vineland a distinct autism profile of Vineland-II age equivalent scores, but not standard scores, was found. Highe st scores were in motor skills and lowest scores were in socialisation. The addition of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule calibrated severity score did not contribute significant variance to Vineland-II scores beyond that accounted for by age and nonverbal ability. Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed.Full Tex
Macrofossils in Raraku Lake (Easter Island) integrated with sedimentary and geochemical records towards a palaeoecological synthesis for the last 34,000 years

Macrofossil analysis of a composite 19 m long sediment core from Rano Raraku Lake (Easter Island)was related to litho-sedimentary and geochemical features of the sediment. Strong stratigraphical patterns are shown by indirect gradient analyses of the data. The good correspondence between the stratigraphical patterns derived from macrofossil (Correspondence Analysis) and sedimentary and geochemical data (Principal Component Analysis) shows that macrofossil associations provide sound palaeolimnological information in conjunction with sedimentary data. The main taphonomic factors in fluencing the macrofossil assemblages are run-off from the catchment, the littoral plant belt, and the depositional environment within the basin. Five main stages during the last 34,000 calibrated years BP (cal yr BP) are characterised from the lithological, geochemical, and macrofossil data. From 34 to 14.6 cal kyr BP (last glacial period) the sediments were largely derived from the catchment, indicating a high energy lake environment with much erosion and run-off bringing abundant plant trichomes, lichens, and mosses into the centre of Raraku Lake
Young athletic bodies and narrative maps of ageing

notes: Conceived and formulated by Phoenix, this unique study examines key sites from where young athletes gather information about the ageing process. It makes a contribution to knowledge by theoretically developing our understanding of how projectors of such information can shape young athlete’s future possible selves positively and / or negatively. In doing so, it illuminates why athletes may be considered a vulnerable group in terms of their expectations and experiences of self-ageing.publication-status: Publishedtypes: ArticleCopyright © 2006 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Aging Studies. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Aging Studies, 2006, Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 107 - 121 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2005.06.002This paper draws on data generated by life history interviews with 22, university based, young athletes to explore their narrative maps of aging. Three key resources were seen to provide information that shaped individual stories of self-aging. These were as follows: family members, older team members, and the undergraduate curriculum. Each of these is considered in turn and the manner in which they are consequential in constructing a feared self that is associated with bodily decline in the future is highlighted. It is suggested that these young athletes constitute a vulnerable group in relation to the aging process. The issue of narrative foreclosure is then discussed prior to suggestions being made as to how these prevailing narrative maps might be challenged and changed
The Vaccine Formulation Laboratory: a platform for access to adjuvants.

Adjuvants are increasingly used by the vaccine research and development community, particularly for their ability to enhance immune responses and for their dose-sparing properties. However, they are not readily available to the majority of public sector vaccine research groups, and even those with access to suitable adjuvants may still fail in the development of their vaccines because of lack of knowledge on how to correctly formulate the adjuvants. This shortcoming led the World Health Organization to advocate for the establishment of the Vaccine Formulation Laboratory at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. The primary mission of the laboratory is to transfer adjuvants and formulation technology free of intellectual property rights to academic institutions, small biotechnology companies and developing countries vaccine manufacturers. In this context, the transfer of an oil-in-water emulsion to Bio Farma, an Indonesian vaccine manufacturer, was initiated to increase domestic pandemic influenza vaccine production capacity as part of the national pandemic influenza preparedness plan
Detection of the gamma-ray binary LS I+61 degrees 303 in a low-flux state at very high energy gamma-rays with the magic telescopes in 2009\ud

We present very high energy (E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray observations of the gamma-ray binary system LS I +61 degrees 303 obtained with the MAGIC stereo system between 2009 October and 2010 January. We detect a 6.3 sigma gamma-ray signal above 400 GeV in the combined data set. The integral flux above an energy of 300 GeV is F(E > 300 GeV) = (1.4 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.4(syst)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1), which corresponds to about 1.3% of the Crab Nebula flux in the same energy range. The orbit-averaged flux of LS I +61 degrees 303 in the orbital phase interval 0.6-0.7, where a maximum of the TeV flux is expected, is lower by almost an order of magnitude compared to our previous measurements between 2005 September and 2008 January. This provides evidence for a new low-flux state in LS I +61 degrees 303. We find that the change to the low-flux state cannot be solely explained by an increase of photon-photon absorption around the compact star.\u
PKS 2005-489 at VHE: Four Years of Monitoring with HESS and Simultaneous
  Multi-wavelength Observations

VHE observations of PKS 2005-489 were made with HESS from 2004 through 2007,
together with three simultaneous multi-wavelength campaigns performed with
XMM-Newton and RXTE in 2004 and 2005. A strong VHE signal, ~17sigma total, is
detected during the four years of HESS observations (90.3 hrs live time). The
integral flux above the average analysis threshold of 400 GeV is ~3% of the
Crab and varies weakly on time-scales from days to years. At X-ray energies the
flux is observed to vary by more than an order of magnitude between 2004 and
2005. Strong changes in the X-ray spectrum (DeltaGamma~0.7) are also observed,
which appear to be mirrored in the VHE band. The SED of PKS 2005-489,
constructed for the first time with contemporaneous data on both humps, shows
significant evolution. The large flux variations in the X-ray band, coupled
with weak or no variations in the VHE band and a similar spectral behavior,
suggest the emergence of a new, separate, harder emission component in
September 2005.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures. Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press. Minor
  typographical/text change
Array of Josephson junctions with a non-sinusoidal current-phase
  relation as a model of the resistive transition of unconventional
  superconductors

An array of resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junctions with
nonsinusoidal current-phase relation is considered for modelling the transition
in high-T$_c$ superconductors. The emergence of higher harmonics, besides the
simple sinusoid $I_{c}\sin\phi$, is expected for dominant \emph{d}-wave
symmetry of the Cooper pairs, random distribution of potential drops, dirty
grains, or nonstationary conditions. We show that additional cosine and sine
terms act respectively by modulating the global resistance and by changing the
Josephson coupling of the mixed superconductive-normal states. First, the
approach is applied to simulate the transition in disordered granular
superconductors with the weak-links characterized by nonsinusoidal
current-phase relation. In granular superconductors, the emergence of
higher-order harmonics affects the slope of the transition. Then, arrays of
intrinsic Josephson junctions, naturally formed by the CuO$_2$ planes in
cuprates, are considered. The critical temperature suppression, observed at
values of hole doping close to $p=1/8$, is investigated. Such suppression,
related to the sign change and modulation of the Josephson coupling across the
array, is quantified in terms of the intensities of the first and second
sinusoids of the current-phase relation. Applications are envisaged for the
design and control of quantum devices based on stacks of intrinsic Josephson
junctions.Comment: Added: comparison with experiments; reference
QCD potential as a "Coulomb-plus-linear" potential

We show analytically that the QCD potential can be expressed, up to an
O(Lambda_QCD^3 r^2) uncertainty, as the sum of a ``Coulomb'' potential (with
log corrections at short distances) and a linear potential, within an
approximation based on perturbative expansion in alpha_S and the renormalon
dominance picture. The expansion of V_QCD(r) is truncated at O(alpha_S^N) [N =
6 pi/(beta_0 alpha_S)], where the term becomes minimal according to the
estimate by NLO renormalon, and is studied for N >> 1. Analytic expressions for
the linear potential are obtained in some cases.Comment: Version to appear in Phys.Lett.B; Explanations on derivation added;
  Leading ultrasoft logs included in the analysis (Sec.5);12 pages,4 figure
A surface-patterned chip as a strong source of ultra-cold atoms for
  quantum technologies

Laser cooled atoms are central to modern precision measurements. They are
also increasingly important as an enabling technology for experimental cavity
quantum electrodynamics, quantum information processing and matter wave
interferometry. Although significant progress has been made in miniaturising
atomic metrological devices, these are limited in accuracy by their use of hot
atomic ensembles and buffer gases. Advances have also been made in producing
portable apparatus that benefit from the advantages of atoms in the microKelvin
regime. However, simplifying atomic cooling and loading using microfabrication
technology has proved difficult. In this letter we address this problem,
realising an atom chip that enables the integration of laser cooling and
trapping into a compact apparatus. Our source delivers ten thousand times more
atoms than previous magneto-optical traps with microfabricated optics and, for
the first time, can reach sub-Doppler temperatures. Moreover, the same chip
design offers a simple way to form stable optical lattices. These features,
combined with the simplicity of fabrication and the ease of operation, make
these new traps a key advance in the development of cold-atom technology for
high-accuracy, portable measurement devices.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Comments on the role of field redefinition on renormalisation of
  $N=\frac{1}{2}$ supersymmetric pure gauge theory

We study one loop corrections to $N=\frac{1}{2}$ supersymmetric $SU(N)\times
U(1)$ pure gauge theory. We calculate divergent contributions of the 1PI graphs
contain the non-anti-commutative parameter $C$ up to one loop corrections. We
find the disagreement between component formalism and superspace formalism is
because of the field redefinition in component case. We modify gaugino field
redefinition and lagrangian. We show extra terms of lagrangian have been
generated by $\lambda$ redefinition and are necessary for the renormalisation
of the theory. Finally we prove $N = \frac{1}{2}$ supersymmetric gauge theory
is renormalisable up one loop corrections using standard method of
renormalisatio
From Tevatron's top and lepton-based asymmetries to the LHC

We define a lepton-based asymmetry in semi-leptonic ttbar production at the
LHC. We show that the ratio of this lepton-based asymmetry and the ttbar charge
asymmetry, measured as a function of the lepton transverse momentum or the
ttbar invariant mass is a robust observable in the Standard Model. It is stable
against higher order corrections and mis-modeling effects. We show that this
ratio can also be a powerful discriminant among different new physics models
and between them and the Standard Model. Finally, we show that a related ratio
defined at the Tevatron is also robust as a function of the ttbar invariant
mass.Comment: 20 page
Measurement of the t-channel single-top-quark production cross section
  and of the |Vtb| CKM matrix element in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Measurements are presented of the t-channel single-top-quark production cross
section in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. The results are based
on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse
femtobarns recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. The cross section is
measured inclusively, as well as separately for top (t) and antitop (t-bar), in
final states with a muon or an electron. The measured inclusive t-channel cross
section is sigma[t-ch] = 83.6 +/- 2.3 (stat.) +/- 7.4 (syst.) pb. The single t
and t-bar cross sections are measured to be sigma[t-ch,t] = 53.8 +/- 1.5
(stat.) +/- 4.4 (syst.) pb and sigma[t-ch,t-bar] = 27.6 +/- 1.3 (stat.) +/- 3.7
(syst.) pb, respectively. The measured ratio of cross sections is R[t-ch] =
sigma[t-ch,t]/sigma[t-ch,t-bar] = 1.95 +/- 0.10 (stat.) +/- 0.19 (syst.), in
agreement with the standard model prediction. The modulus of the
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element Vtb is extracted and, in combination
with a previous CMS result at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, a value abs(Vtb) = 0.998 +/-
0.038 (exp.) +/- 0.016 (theo.) is obtained.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO