pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity as an intermediate phenotype in alcohol dependence and the role of the COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A genotypes.

Contains fulltext :
                  109312.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)CONTEXT: Alcohol dependence is a common neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability. However, genetic association studies on alcohol dependence are often troubled by nonreplication. The use of intermediate phenotypes may help make clear the mode of action of various candidate genes and improve the reproducibility of genetic association studies. OBJECTIVE: To test central dopamine receptor sensitivity as an intermediate phenotype for alcohol dependence, specifically evaluating the hypothesis that the dopaminergic genes COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A affect dopamine receptor sensitivity. DESIGN: Case-control pharmacogenetic challenge study. SETTING: Patients with alcohol dependence admitted for detoxification were compared with healthy control subjects matched for age and level of education. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n = 110) were a consecutive sample, whereas controls (n = 99) were recruited through advertisements in regional newspapers. INTERVENTION: A dopamine challenge test was subcutaneously administered using the dopamine agonist apomorphine hydrochloride (0.005 mg/kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures were plasma growth hormone levels and results of a continuous performance task. RESULTS: Central dopamine receptor sensitivity is reduced in alcohol dependence, and this is modulated by dopaminergic genes. Specifically, DRD2 Taq1A genotype affected dopamine receptor sensitivity as measured by plasma growth hormone levels, and COMT Val158Met genotype affected dopamine receptor sensitivity as measured by performance on a continuous performance task. In a logistic regression analysis, reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity on both measures predicted alcohol dependence, without an additive effect of the COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A may affect the intermediate phenotype of central dopamine receptor sensitivity. COMT Val158Met and DRD2 Taq1A may confer their risk of alcohol dependence through reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in the prefrontal cortex and hindbrain, respectively.1 april 201
Millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of the core and hotspots of Cygnus A

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com '. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02072.xWe present millimetre photometry and submillimetre imaging of the central core and two hotspots in the radio lobes of the galaxy Cygnus A. For both hotspots and the central core, the synchrotron spectrum continues smoothly from the radio to a frequency of 677 GHz. The spectral index of the hotspots is constant over our frequency range, with a spectral index of ?? ??? ???1.0 (S?? ??? ????), which is steeper than at lower frequencies and represents the emission from an aged population of electrons. The core is significantly flatter, with ?? = ???0.6 ?? 0.1, suggestive of an injected spectrum with no ageing, but some evidence for steepening exists at our highest observing frequency. Although IRAS data suggest the presence of dust in Cygnus A, our 450-??m data show no evidence of cold dust, therefore the dust component must have a temperature lying between 85 and 37 K, corresponding to dust masses of 1.4 ?? 106 and 1.0 ?? 108 M??? respectively
Alcohol consumption in young adults : the role of multisensory imagery

Little is known about the subjective experience of alcohol desire and craving in young people. Descriptions of alcohol urges continue to be extensively used in the everyday lexicon of young, non-dependent drinkers. Elaborated Intrusion (EI) Theory contends that imagery is central to craving and desires, and predicts that alcohol-related imagery will be associated with greater frequency and amount of drinking. This study involved 1,535 age stratified 18–25 year olds who completed an alcohol–related survey that included the Imagery scale of the Alcohol Craving Experience (ACE) questionnaire. Imagery items predicted 12-16% of the variance in concurrent alcohol consumption. Higher total Imagery subscale scores were linearly associated with greater drinking frequency and lower self-efficacy for moderate drinking. Interference with alcohol imagery may have promise as a preventive or early intervention target in young people
The effect of "pre-formed" hadron potentials on the dynamics of heavy
  ion collisions and the HBT puzzle

The nuclear stopping, the elliptic flow, and the HBT interferometry are
calculated by the UrQMD transport model, in which potentials for "pre-formed"
particles (string fragments) from color fluxtube fragmentation as well as for
confined particles are considered. This description provides stronger pressure
at the early stage and describes these observables better than the default
cascade mode (where the "pre-formed" particles from string fragmentation are
treated to be free-streaming). It should be stressed that the inclusion of
potential interactions pushes down the calculated HBT radius $R_O$ and pulls up
the $R_S$ so that the HBT time-related puzzle disappears throughout the
energies from AGS, SPS, to RHIC.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett.
Housing and the (re)configuration of energy provision in Cape Town and São Paulo: making space for a progressive urban climate politics?

This paper takes as its starting point the argument that infrastructure networks cannot merely be thought of as the backdrop against which climate politics is played out in the city, but are instead fundamental to the ways in which this is conducted. Bringing infrastructure networks into view as a central tenet to the governing of climate change is not simply a matter of recognizing such spheres as critical sites for urban climate policy, but rather requires a conceptual approach that moves beyond a concern with the capacities of individual actors and institutions, and engages with the ways in which power operates and is constituted through the socio-materiality of the city. Drawing on theories of governmentality we develop such an approach and use it to examine the ways in which housing is providing a means through which experimentation with climate governance is taking place in Cape Town and São Paulo. Through this analysis we find that climate change is being mobilized both as a means to create new flows of carbon finance and as a means through which to advance calls for social inclusion and 'dignified' housing. Rather than being characterized by one dominant model, we suggest that the governing of climate change in cities in the global South is multiple, combining market and social logics in eclectic ways, where one is not predominant and both are in constant negotiation, dialogue and contestatio
Computing N\'eron-Tate heights of points on hyperelliptic Jacobians

It was shown by Faltings and Hriljac that the N\'eron-Tate height of a point
on the Jacobian of a curve can be expressed as the self-intersection of a
corresponding divisor on a regular model of the curve. We make this explicit
and use it to give an algorithm for computing N\'eron-Tate heights on Jacobians
of hyperelliptic curves. To demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm, we
illustrate it by computing N\'eron-Tate heights on Jacobians of hyperelliptic
curves of genus from 1 to 9.Comment: 13 pages. v5: As kindly pointed out by Raymond van Bommel, the height
  is computed in this paper with respect to twice the theta divisor, not the
  theta divisor itself (as written in v4
Locating a weak change using diffuse waves (LOCADIFF) : theoretical
  approach and inversion procedure

We describe a time-resolved monitoring technique for heterogeneous media. Our
approach is based on the spatial variations of the cross-coherence of coda
waveforms acquired at fixed positions but at different dates. To locate and
characterize a weak change that occurred between successive acquisitions, we
use a maximum likelihood approach combined with a diffusive propagation model.
We illustrate this technique, called LOCADIFF, with numerical simulations. In
several illustrative examples, we show that the change can be located with a
precision of a few wavelengths and its effective scattering cross-section can
be retrieved. The precision of the method depending on the number of source
receiver pairs, time window in the coda, and errors in the propagation model is
investigated. Limits of applications of the technique to real-world experiments
are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl
Classifying Quadratic Quantum P^2s by using Graded Skew Clifford
  Algebras

We prove that quadratic regular algebras of global dimension three on
degree-one generators are related to graded skew Clifford algebras. In
particular, we prove that almost all such algebras may be constructed as a
twist of either a regular graded skew Clifford algebra or of an Ore extension
of a regular graded skew Clifford algebra of global dimension two. In so doing,
we classify all quadratic regular algebras of global dimension three that have
point scheme either a nodal cubic curve or a cuspidal cubic curve in P^2
Gravitational conformal invariance and coupling constants in
  Kaluza-Klein theory

We introduce a generalized gravitational conformal invariance in the context
of non-compactified 5D Kaluza-Klein theory. It is done by assuming the 4D
metric to be dependent on the extra non-compactified dimension. It is then
shown that the conformal invariance in 5D is broken by taking an absolute
cosmological scale $R_0$ over which the 4D metric is assumed to be dependent
weakly on the 5th dimension. This is equivalent to Deser's model for the
breakdown of the conformal invariance in 4D by taking a constant cosmological
mass term $\mu^2\sim R_0^{-2}$ in the theory. We set the scalar field to its
background cosmological value leading to Einstein equation with the
gravitational constant $G_N$ and a small cosmological constant. A dual Einstein
equation is also introduced in which the matter is coupled to the higher
dimensional geometry by the coupling $G_N^{-1}$. Relevant interpretations of
the results are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, some cghanges in the tex
BPS Wilson Loop T-dual to Spinning String in AdS5xS5

We use the string sigma model action in AdS_5 \times S^5 to reconstruct the
open string solution ending on the Wilson loop in S^3\times R parametrized by a
geometric angle in S^3 and an angle in flavor space. Under the interchange of
the world sheet space and time coordinates and the T-duality transformation
with the radial inversion, the static open string configuration associated with
the BPS Wilson loop with two equal angle parameters becomes a long open
spinning string configuration which is produced by taking the equal limit of
two frequencies for the folded spinning closed string with two spins in AdS_5
\times S^5.Comment: 14 pages, LaTex, no figure
Exact finite-size corrections and corner free energies for the c=-2
  universality class

We consider (a) the partition functions of the anisotropic dimer model on the
rectangular (2M-1) x (2N-1) lattice with free and cylindrical boundary
conditions with a single monomer residing on the boundary and (b) the partition
function of the anisotropic spanning tree on an M x N rectangular lattice with
free boundary conditions. We express (a) and (b) in terms of a principal
partition function with twisted boundary conditions. Based on these
expressions, we derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the free energy for
both cases (a) and (b). We confirm the conformal field theory prediction for
the corner free energy of these models, and find the central charge is c = - 2.
We also show that the dimer model on the cylinder with an odd number of sites
on the perimeter exhibits the same finite-size corrections as on the plane.Comment: 14 page
Hunting for the X_b via Radiative Decays

In this paper, we study radiative decays of X_b, the counterpart of the
famous X(3872) in the bottomonium-sector as a candidate for meson-meson
molecule, into the \gamma \Upsilon(nS) (n=1, 2, 3). Since it is likely that the
X_b is below the B\bar B^* threshold and the mass difference between the
neutral and charged bottom meson is small compared to the binding energy of the
X_b, the isospin violating decay mode X_b\to \Upsilon (nS)\pi^+\pi^- would be
greatly suppressed. This will promote the importance of the radiative decays.
We use the effective Lagrangian based on the heavy quark symmetry to explore
the rescattering mechanism and calculate the partial widths. Our results show
that the partial widths into \gamma \Upsilon(nS) are about 1 keV, and thus the
branching fractions may be sizeable, considering the fact the total width may
also be smaller than a few MeV like the X(3872). These radiative decay modes
are of great importance in the experimental search for the X_b particularly at
hadron collider. An observation of the X_b will provide a deeper insight into
the exotic hadron spectroscopy and is helpful to unravel the nature of the
states connected by the heavy quark symmetry.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Reconnaissance of the HR 8799 Exosolar System II: Astrometry and Orbital
  Motion

We present an analysis of the orbital motion of the four sub-stellar objects
orbiting HR8799. Our study relies on the published astrometric history of this
system augmented with an epoch obtained with the Project 1640 coronagraph +
Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) installed at the Palomar Hale telescope. We
first focus on the intricacies associated with astrometric estimation using the
combination of an Extreme Adaptive Optics system (PALM-3000), a coronagraph and
an IFS. We introduce two new algorithms. The first one retrieves the stellar
focal plane position when the star is occulted by a coronagraphic stop. The
second one yields precise astrometric and spectro-photometric estimates of
faint point sources even when they are initially buried in the speckle noise.
The second part of our paper is devoted to studying orbital motion in this
system. In order to complement the orbital architectures discussed in the
literature, we determine an ensemble of likely Keplerian orbits for HR8799bcde,
using a Bayesian analysis with maximally vague priors regarding the overall
configuration of the system. While the astrometric history is currently too
scarce to formally rule out coplanarity, HR8799d appears to be misaligned with
respect to the most likely planes of HR8799bce orbits. This misalignment is
sufficient to question the strictly coplanar assumption made by various authors
when identifying a Laplace resonance as a potential architecture. Finally, we
establish a high likelihood that HR8799de have dynamical masses below 13 M_Jup
using a loose dynamical survival argument based on geometric close encounters.
We illustrate how future dynamical analyses will further constrain dynamical
masses in the entire system.Comment: 26 pages, 18 figure
Experimental and Computer Simulation Study of the Radionuclides Produced in Thin ${209}^Bi$ Targets by 130 MeV and 1.5 GeV Protons

The results of experimental and computer simulation studies of the yields of residual product nuclei in Bi-209 thin targets irradiated by 130 MeV and 1.5 GeV protons are presented. The yields were measured by direct high-precision gamma-spectrometry. The gamma-spectrometer resolution was 1.8 keV in the 1332 keV line. The gamma-spectra were processed by the ASPRO code. The gamma-lines were identified, and the cross sections defined, by the SIGMA code using the GDISP radioactive database. The process was monitored by the Al-27(p,x)Na-24 reaction. Results are presented for comparisons between the 209-Bi(p,x) reaction yields obtained experimentally and simulated by the HETC, GNASH, LAHET, INUCL, CEM95, CASCADE, and ALICE codes
Three years of Galileo dust data 2: 1993 to 1995

Between Jan 1993 and Dec 1995 the Galileo spacecraft traversed interplanetary space between Earth and Jupiter and arrived at Jupiter on 7 Dec 1995. The dust instrument onboard was operating during most of the time. A relatively constant impact rate of interplanetary and interstellar (big) particles of 0.4 impacts per day was detected over the whole three-year time span. In the outer solar system (outside about 2.6 AU) they are mostly of interstellar origin, whereas in the inner solar system they are mostly interplanetary particles. Within about 1.7 AU from Jupiter intense streams of small dust particles were detected with impact rates of up to 20,000 per day whose impact directions are compatible with a Jovian origin. Two different populations of dust particles were detected in the Jovian magnetosphere: small stream particles during Galileo's approach to the planet and big particles concentrated closer to Jupiter between the Galilean satellites. There is strong evidence that the dust stream particles are orders of magnitude smaller in mass and faster than the instrument's calibration, whereas the calibration is valid for the big particles. Because the data transmission rate was very low, the complete data set for only a small fraction (2525) of all detected particles could be transmitted to Earth; the other particles were only counted. Together with the 358 particles published earlier, information about 2883 particles detected by the dust instrument during Galileo's six years' journey to Jupiter is now available
Electroweak Corrections to the Deacy $H^{+} \to W^{+}h$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model

We calculate the $O(\alpha_{ew}m_{t(b)}^{2}/m_{W}^{2})$ and $O(\alpha_{ew} m_{t(b)}^4/m_W^4)$ supersymmetric electroweak corrections to the process $H^+\to W^+h$ in the Minimal Supersymmetric Model. These corrections arise from the virtual effects of the third family quaurks (top and bottom) and squarks (top-squark and bottom-squark). We find that for $m_{H^+}>200$GeV at low $\tan\beta(\leq 3)$, the corrections can increase the tree-level decay widths and the branching radios more than 20% and 40%, respectively
Non-perturbative gluons in diffractive photo-production of J/Psi

The modifications induced in the calculation of the cross section of the diffractive process gamma gamma -> J/Psi J/Psi when the gluon propagator is changed are analyzed. Instead of the usual perturbative gluon propagator, alternative forms obtained using non-perturbative methods like Dyson-Schwinger equations are used to consider in a more consistent way the contributions of the infrared region. The result shows a reduction in the differential cross-section for low momentum transfer once compared with the perturbative result, to be confirmed with future experimental results from TESLA
Chains of N=2, D=4 heterotic/type II duals

We report on a search for $N=2$ heterotic strings that are dual candidates of
type II compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds described as $K3$
fibrations. We find many new heterotic duals by using standard orbifold
techniques. The associated type II compactifications fall into chains in which
the proposed duals are heterotic compactifications related one another by a
sequential Higgs mechanism. This breaking in the heterotic side typically
involves the sequence $SU(4)\rightarrow SU(3)\rightarrow $ $SU(2)\rightarrow
0$, while in the type II side the weights of the complex hypersurfaces and the
structure of the $K3$ quotient singularities also follow specific patterns.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, 2 table
When is a smash product semiprime?

It is an open question whether the smash product of a semisimple Hopf algebra
and a semiprime module algebra is semiprime. In this paper we show that the
smash product of a commutative semiprime module algebra over a semisimple
cosemisimple Hopf algebra is semiprime. In particular we show that the central
$H$-invariant elements of the Martindale ring of quotients of a module algebra
form a von Neumann regular and self-injective ring whenever $A$ is semiprime.
For a semiprime Goldie PI $H$-module algebra $A$ with central invariants we
show that $\AH$ is semiprime if and only if the $H$-action can be extended to
the classical ring of quotients of $A$ if and only if every non-trivial
$H$-stable ideal of $A$ contains a non-zero $H$-invariant element. In the last
section we show that the class of strongly semisimple Hopf algebras is closed
under taking Drinfeld twists. Applying some recent results of Etingof and
Gelaki we conclude that every semisimple cosemisimple triangular Hopf algebra
over an algebraically closed field is strongly semisimple.Comment: AMS-LaTex, 14 pages (wrong references cleared
Non-Hermitian systems of Euclidean Lie algebraic type with real energy spectra

We study several classes of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems, which can be expressed in terms of bilinear combinations of Euclidean Lie algebraic generators. The classes are distinguished by different versions of antilinear (PT)-symmetries exhibiting various types of qualitative behaviour. On the basis of explicitly computed non-perturbative Dyson maps we construct metric operators, isospectral Hermitian counterparts for which we solve the corresponding time-independent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for specific choices of the coupling constants. In these cases general analytical expressions for the solutions are obtained in the form of Mathieu functions, which we analyze numerically to obtain the corresponding energy spectra. We identify regions in the parameter space for which the corresponding spectra are entirely real and also domains where the PT symmetry is spontaneously broken and sometimes also regained at exceptional points. In some cases it is shown explicitly how the threshold region from real to complex spectra is characterized by the breakdown of the Dyson maps or the metric operator. We establish the explicit relationship to models currently under investigation in the context of beam dynamics in optical lattices
Yang-Baxter sigma models based on the CYBE

It is known that Yang-Baxter sigma models provide a systematic way to study
integrable deformations of both principal chiral models and symmetric coset
sigma models. In the original proposal and its subsequent development, the
deformations have been characterized by classical $r$-matrices satisfying the
modified classical Yang-Baxter equation (mCYBE). In this article, we propose
the Yang-Baxter sigma models based on the classical Yang-Baxter equations
(CYBE) rather than the mCYBE. This generalization enables us to utilize various
kinds of solutions of the CYBE to classify integrable deformations. In
particular, it is straightforward to realize partial deformations of the target
space without loss of the integrability of the parent theory.Comment: 23 pages; v2: a reference added, small modifications; v3: minor
  correction
Features modeling with an $\alpha$-stable distribution: Application to
  pattern recognition based on continuous belief functions

The aim of this paper is to show the interest in fitting features with an
$\alpha$-stable distribution to classify imperfect data. The supervised pattern
recognition is thus based on the theory of continuous belief functions, which
is a way to consider imprecision and uncertainty of data. The distributions of
features are supposed to be unimodal and estimated by a single Gaussian and
$\alpha$-stable model. Experimental results are first obtained from synthetic
data by combining two features of one dimension and by considering a vector of
two features. Mass functions are calculated from plausibility functions by
using the generalized Bayes theorem. The same study is applied to the automatic
classification of three types of sea floor (rock, silt and sand) with features
acquired by a mono-beam echo-sounder. We evaluate the quality of the
$\alpha$-stable model and the Gaussian model by analyzing qualitative results,
using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S test), and quantitative results with
classification rates. The performances of the belief classifier are compared
with a Bayesian approach