pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Opposing transcriptional outputs of Hedgehog signaling and engrailed control compartmental cell sorting at the Drosophila A/P boundary.

The wing imaginal disc is subdivided into two nonintermingling sets of cells, the anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments. Anterior cells require reception of the Hedgehog (Hh) signal to segregate from P cells. We provide evidence that Hh signaling controls A/P cell segregation not by directly modifying structural components but by a Cubitus interruptus (Ci)-mediated transcriptional response. A shift in the balance between repressor and activator forms of Ci toward the activator form is necessary and sufficient to define "A-type" cell sorting behavior. Moreover, we show that Engrailed (En), in the absence of Ci, is sufficient to specify "P-type" sorting. We propose that the opposing transcriptional activities of Ci and En control cell segregation at the A/P boundary by regulating a single cell adhesion molecule
First measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

The first measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in pp collisions at the LHC at center-of-mass energy sqrt(s)= 7 TeV has been performed using 3.1 {\pm} 0.3 inverse pb of data recorded by the CMS detector. This result utilizes the final state with two isolated, highly energetic charged leptons, large missing transverse energy, and two or more jets. Backgrounds from Drell-Yan and non-W/Z boson production are estimated from data. Eleven events are observed in the data with 2.1 {\pm} 1.0 events expected from background. The measured cross section is 194 {\pm} 72 (stat.) {\pm} 24 (syst.) {\pm} 21 (lumi.) pb, consistent with next-to-leading order predictions
Growth literature and policies for the developing countries

This paper examines a recent view of Pritchett (2006) that there is a wide gap between growth literature and the policy needs of the developing countries. Growth literature has focussed on the long term growth outcomes but policy makers of the developing countries need rapid improvements in the growth rate in the short to medium terms. We take the view that this gap can be reduced if attention is given to the dynamic effects of policies.  With data on Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand we argue that an extended version of the Solow (1956) model is well suited for this purpose. We found that the short to medium term growth effects of investment rate are much higher than its long run effects. Dynamic simulations for Singapore showed that these short run growth effects are significantly higher than the steady state growth rate for up to 10 years.
Charged-particle nuclear modification factors in PbPb and pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\;\mathrm{N}}}=5.02$ TeV

The spectra of charged particles produced within the pseudorapidity window |η| < 1 at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{N}\;\mathrm{N}}}=5.02 TeV$ are measured using 404 $μb^{−1}$ of PbPb and 27.4 $pb^{−1}$ of pp data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC in 2015. The spectra are presented over the transverse momentum ranges spanning 0.5 < pT< 400 GeV in pp and 0.7 < pT< 400 GeV in PbPb collisions. The corresponding nuclear modification factor, $R_{AA}$, is measured in bins of collision centrality. The $R_{AA}$ in the 5% most central collisions shows a maximal suppression by a factor of 7-8 in the pT region of 6-9 GeV. This dip is followed by an increase, which continues up to the highest $p_{T}$ measured, and approaches unity in the vicinity of $p_{T}$ = 200 GeV. The $R_{AA}$ is compared to theoretical predictions and earlier experimental results at lower collision energies. The newly measured pp spectrum is combined with the pPb spectrum previously published by the CMS collaboration to construct the pPb nuclear modification factor, $R_{pA}$, up to 120 GeV. For pT> 20 GeV, RpA exhibits weak momentum dependence and shows a moderate enhancement above unity
Hyperprolactinemia and estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia : analysis of the CATIE data

Background\ud
\ud
Large-scale data are still lacking on the relationship between serum prolactin concentration and dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics.\ud
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Methods\ud
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The dataset from 481 subjects (risperidone, N = 172, olanzapine, N = 211, and ziprasidone, N = 98) who participated in Phase 1 of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) was used in the present analysis. Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels on the day of the measurement of serum prolactin level were estimated from plasma antipsychotic concentrations. A multivariate general linear model was used to examine effects of clinical and demographic characteristics, including estimated D2 occupancy levels, on serum prolactin concentrations. Individual subjects were divided into two groups, stratified by the presence of hyperprolactinemia. To evaluate the performance of this binary classification, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of consecutive cut-off points in the D2 occupancy were calculated.\ud
Results\ud
\ud
The multivariate general linear model revealed that estimated D2 occupancy levels had significant effects on serum prolactin concentrations while any other variables failed to show significant effects. The cut-off point associated with 0.5 or greater, in both sensitivity and specificity with the greatest accuracy, was 73% (sensitivity, 0.58; specificity, 0.68; accuracy = 0.64) (68–70% for risperidone, 77% for olanzapine, and 55% for ziprasidone.).\ud
Conclusion\ud
\ud
The threshold for hyperprolactinemia in D2 occupancy may lie somewhat on a lower side of the established therapeutic window with antipsychotics (i.e. 65–80%). This finding highlights the need for the use of the lowest possible dose to avoid this hormonal side effect in the treatment of schizophrenia.peer-reviewe
Growth and high frequency characterization of Mn doped sol-gel Pb xSr1-xTiO3 for frequency agile applications

In pursuit of thin film ferroelectric materials for frequency agile applications that are both easily adapted to large area deposition and also high performance, an investigation has been carried out into sol-gel deposition of 3% Mn doped (Pb0.4Sr0.6)TiO3. Large area capability has been demonstrated by growth of films with good crystallinity and grain structure on 4 in. Si wafers. Metal-insulator-metal capacitors have also been fabricated and development of an improved de-embedding technique that takes parasitic impedances fully into account has enabled accurate extraction of the high frequency dielectric properties of the PbxSr1−xTiO3 films. Practically useful values of ε ∼ 1000, tan δ ∼ 0.03, and tunability ∼ 50% have been obtained in the low gigahertz range (1–5 GHz). Peaks in the dielectric loss due to acoustic resonance have been modeled and tentatively identified as due to an electrostrictive effect with an electromechanical coupling coefficient of ∼ 0.04 at an electric field of 240 kV/cm which is potentially useful for tunable thin film bulk acoustic wave devices
The influence of conformity and group identity on drink walking intentions:  Comparing intentions to drink walk across risky pedestrian crossing scenarios

Despite the dangers associated with drink walking, limited research is currently available regarding the factors which influence individuals to engage in this risky behaviour. This study examined the influence of psychosocial factors upon individuals' intentions to drink walk across four experimental scenarios (and a control condition). Specifically, a 2 נ2 repeated measures design was utilised in which all of the scenarios incorporated a risky pedestrian crossing situation (i.e., a pedestrian crossing against a red man signal) but differed according to the level of group identity (i.e., low/strangers and high/friends) and conformity (low and high). Individuals were assessed for their intentions to drink walk within each of these different scenarios. Undergraduate students (N = 151), aged 17-30 years, completed a questionnaire. Overall, most of the study's hypotheses were supported with individuals reporting the highest intentions to drink walk when in the presence of friends (i.e., high group identity) and their friends were said to be also crossing against the red man signal (i.e., high conformity). The findings may have significant implications for the design of countermeasures to reduce drink walking. For instance, the current findings would suggest that potentially effective strategies may be to promote resilience to peer influence as well as highlight the negative consequences associated with following the behaviour of other intoxicated pedestrians who are crossing against a red signal.Full Tex
Re-examining the Evidence in Radiation Dermatitis   Management Literature: An Overview and a Critical   Appraisal of Systematic Reviews

Purpose: To provide an overview and a critical appraisal of systematic reviews (SRs) of published interventions for the prevention/management of radiation dermatitis.  Methods and Materials: We searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. We also manually searched through individual reference lists of potentially eligible articles and a number of key journals in the topic area. Two authors screened all potential articles and included eligible SRs. Two authors critically appraised and extracted key findings from the included reviews using AMSTAR (the measurement tool for "assessment of multiple systematic reviews").  Results: Of 1837 potential titles, 6 SRs were included. A number of interventions have been reported to be potentially beneficial for managing radiation dermatitis. Interventions evaluated in these reviews included skin care advice, steroidal/nonsteroidal topical agents, systemic therapies, modes of radiation delivery, and dressings. However, all the included SRs reported that there is insufficient evidence supporting any single effective intervention. The methodological  quality of the included studies varied, and methodological shortfalls in these reviews might create biases to the overall results or recommendations for clinical practice.  Conclusions: An up-to-date high-quality SR in the prevention/management of radiation dermatitis is needed to guide practice and direction for future research. We recommend that clinicians or guideline developers critically evaluate the information of SRs in their decision making.Griffith Health, School of Nursing and MidwiferyFull Tex
Measurement of the centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distribution in lead-lead collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS dete

The ATLAS experiment at the LHC has measured the centrality dependence of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions over |η|<2|η|<2 in lead–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sourcesNN=2.76 TeV. In order to include particles with transverse momentum as low as 30 MeV, the data were recorded with the central solenoid magnet off. Charged particles were reconstructed with two algorithms (2-point “tracklets” and full tracks) using information from the pixel detector only. The lead–lead collision centrality was characterized by the total transverse energy in the forward calorimeter in the range 3.2<|η|<4.93.2<|η|<4.9. Measurements are presented of the per-event charged particle pseudorapidity distribution, dNch/dηdNch/dη, and the average charged particle multiplicity in the pseudorapidity interval |η|<0.5|η|<0.5 in several intervals of collision centrality. The results are compared to previous mid-rapidity measurements at the LHC and RHIC. The variation of the mid-rapidity charged particle yield per colliding nucleon pair with the number of participants is consistent with lower View the MathML sourcesNN results. The shape of the dNch/dηdNch/dη distribution is found to be independent of centrality within the systematic uncertainties of the measurement.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Chromosomal disorders: estimating baseline birth prevalence and pregnancy outcomes worldwide

Chromosomal disorders, of which Down syndrome is the most common, can cause multi-domain disability. In addition, compared to the general population, there is a higher frequency of death before the age of five. In many settings, large gaps in data availability have hampered policy-making, programme priorities and resource allocation for these important conditions. We have developed methods, which overcome this lack of data and allow estimation of the burden of affected pregnancies and their outcomes in different settings worldwide. For example, the methods include a simple equation relating the percentage of mothers 35 and over to Down syndrome birth prevalence. The results obtained provide a starting point for consideration of services that can be implemented for the care and prevention of these disorder
Letter to the editor: The ionospheric response during an interval of Pc5 ULF wave activity

A preliminary analysis of Pc5, ULF wave
activity observed with the IMAGE magnetometer array and the EISCAT UHF radar in
the post midnight sector indicates that such waves can be caused by the
modulation of the ionospheric conductivity as well as the wave electric field.
An observed Pc5 pulsation is divided into three separate intervals based upon
the EISCAT data. In the first and third, the Pc5 waves are observed only in the
measured electron density between 90 and 112 km and maxima in the electron
density at these altitudes are attributed to pulsed precipitation of electrons
with energies up to 40 keV which result in the height integrated Hall
conductivity being pulsed between 10 and 50 S. In the second interval, the Pc5
wave is observed in the F-region ion temperature, electron density and electron
temperature but not in the D and E region electron densities. The analysis
suggests that the wave during this interval is a coupled Alfven and
compressional mode.<br><br><b>Key words:</b> Ionosphere (electric fields and currents) -
Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction; MHD waves and
instabilities
Framing the concept of satellite remote sensing essential biodiversity variables : Challenges and future directions

Although satellite-based variables have for long been expected to be key components to a unified and global biodiversity monitoring strategy, a definitive and agreed list of these variables still remains elusive. The growth of interest in biodiversity variables observable from space has been partly underpinned by the development of the essential biodiversity variable (EBV) framework by the Group on Earth Observations ? Biodiversity Observation Network, which itself was guided by the process of identifying essential climate variables. This contribution aims to advance the development of a global biodiversity monitoring strategy by updating the previously published definition of EBV, providing a definition of satellite remote sensing (SRS) EBVs and introducing a set of principles that are believed to be necessary if ecologists and space agencies are to agree on a list of EBVs that can be routinely monitored from space. Progress toward the identification of SRS-EBVs will require a clear understanding of what makes a biodiversity variable essential, as well as agreement on who the users of the SRS-EBVs are. Technological and algorithmic developments are rapidly expanding the set of opportunities for SRS in monitoring biodiversity, and so the list of SRS-EBVs is likely to evolve over time. This means that a clear and common platform for data providers, ecologists, environmental managers, policy makers and remote sensing experts to interact and share ideas needs to be identified to support long-term coordinated actions.publishersversionPeer reviewe
Search for the third-generation scalar leptoquarks and heavy right-handed neutrinos in final states with two tau leptons and two jets in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search is performed for third-generation scalar leptoquarks and heavy right-handed neutrinos in events containing one electron or muon, one hadronically decaying tau lepton, and at least two jets, using a sqrt(s) = 13 TeV pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12.9 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the standard model prediction. A limit is set at 95% confidence level on the product of the leptoquark pair production cross section and beta squared where beta is the branching fraction of leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark. Assuming beta = 1, third-generation leptoquarks with masses below 850 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. An additional search based on the same event topology involves heavy right-handed neutrinos, N[R], and right-handed W bosons, W[R] , arising in a left-right symmetric extension of the standard model. In this search, W[R] bosons are assumed to decay to a tau lepton and N[R] followed by the decay of the N[R] to a tau lepton and an off-shell W[R] boson. Assuming the mass of the right-handed neutrino to be half of the mass of the right-handed W boson, W[R] boson masses below 2.9 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. These results improve on the limits from previous searches for third-generation leptoquarks and heavy right-handed neutrinos with tau leptons in the final state
Search for high-mass Z gamma resonances in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 and 13 TeV using jet substructure techniques

A search for massive resonances decaying to a Z boson and a photon is performed in events with a hadronically decaying Z boson candidate, separately in light-quark and b quark decay modes, identified using jet substructure and advanced b tagging techniques. Results are based on samples of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at center-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.7 and 2.7 inverse femtobarns, respectively. The results of the search are combined with those of a similar search in the leptonic decay modes of the Z boson, based on the same data sets. Spin-0 resonances with various widths and with masses in a range between 0.2 and 3.0 TeV are considered. No significant excess is observed either in the individual analyses or the combination. The results are presented in terms of upper limits on the production cross section of such resonances and constitute the most stringent limits to date for a wide range of masses
First measurement of jet mass in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions at the LHC

This letter presents the first measurement of jet mass in Pb–Pb and p–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV and sNN=5.02 TeV, respectively. Both the jet energy and the jet mass are expected to be sensitive to jet quenching in the hot Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) matter created in nuclear collisions at collider energies. Jets are reconstructed from charged particles using the anti-kT jet algorithm and resolution parameter R =0.4. The jets are measured in the pseudorapidity range |ηjet| <0.5 and in three intervals of transverse momentum between 60 GeV/c and 120 GeV/c. The measurement of the jet mass in central Pb–Pb collisions is compared to the jet mass as measured in p–Pb reference collisions, to vacuum event generators, and to models including jet quenching. It is observed that the jet mass in central Pb–Pb collisions is consistent within uncertainties with p–Pb reference measurements. Furthermore, the measured jet mass in Pb–Pb collisions is not reproduced by the quenching models considered in this letter and is found to be consistent with PYTHIA expectations within systematic uncertainties
Measurement of Quarkonium Production Cross Sections in Pp Collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Differential production cross sections of prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) charmonium and ϒ(nS) (n=1,2,3) bottomonium states are measured in proton–proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV, with data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb ⁻¹ for the J/ψ and 2.7 fb ⁻¹ for the other mesons. The five quarkonium states are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, for dimuon rapidity |y| < 1.2. The double-differential cross sections for each state are measured as a function of y and transverse momentum, and compared to theoretical expectations. In addition, ratios are presented of cross sections for prompt ψ(2S) to J/ψ ϒ(2S) to ϒ(1S), and ϒ(3S) to ϒ(1S) production. Keywords: CMS; Quarkonium; Cross section
Simultaneous X-ray and IR variability in the quasar 3C 273

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com. Copyright Blackwell Publishing DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02959.xFrom a combination of high quality X-ray observations from the NASA Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), and infrared observations from the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) we show that the medium energy X-ray (3-20 keV) and near infrared fluxes in the quasar 3C273 are highly correlated. It is widely believed that the X-ray emission in quasars like 3C273 arises from Compton scattering of low energy seed photons and our observations provide the first reliable detection of correlated variations in 3C273 between the X-ray band and any lower energy band. For a realistic electron distribution we demonstrate that it is probable that each decade of the seed photon distribution from the mm to IR waveband contributes roughly equally to the medium energy X-ray flux. However the expected mm variations are too small to be detected above the noise, probably explaining the lack of success of previous searches for a correlation between X-ray and mm variations. In addition we show that the infrared leads the X-rays by 0.75??0.25 days. These observations rule out the ???External Compton??? emission process for the production of the X-rays
Discovery of VHE gamma-ray emission from the BL Lacertae object B3 2247+381 with the MAGIC telescopes\ud

We study the non-thermal jet emission of the BL Lac object B3 2247+381 during a high optical state. Methods. The MAGIC telescopes observed the source during 13 nights between September 30th and October 30th 2010, collecting a total of 14.2 h of good quality very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray data. Simultaneous multiwavelength data was obtained with X-ray observations by the Swift satellite and optical R-band observations at the KVA-telescope. We also use high energy gamma-ray (HE, 0.1-100GeV) data from the Fermi satellite. Results. The BL Lac object B3 2247+381 (z = 0.119) was detected, for the first time, at VHE gamma-rays at a statistical significance of 5.6 sigma. A soft VHE spectrum with a photon index of -3.2 +/- 0.6 was determined. No significant short term flux variations were found. We model the spectral energy distribution using a one-zone SSC-model, which can successfully describe our data.\u