pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cultivation strategies to enhance productivity of Pichia pastoris: A review.

Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast, is an established system for the production of heterologous proteins, particularly biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. To maximise and optimise the production of recombinant products, recent molecular research has focused on numerous issues including the design of expression vectors, optimisation of gene copy number, co-expression of secretory proteins such as chaperones, engineering of glycosylation and secretory pathways, etc. However, the physiological effects of different cultivation strategies are often difficult to separate from the molecular effects of the gene construct (e.g., cellular stress through over-expression or incorrect post-translational processing). Hence, overall system optimisation is difficult, even though it is urgently required in order to describe and understand the behaviour of new molecular constructs. This review focuses on particular aspects of recombinant protein production related to variations in biomass growth and their implications for strain design and screening, as well as on the concept of rational comparisons between cultivation systems for the development of specific production processes in bioreactors. The relationship between specific formation rates of secreted recombinant proteins, qp, and specific growth rates, μ, has been analysed in a conceptual attempt to compare different systems, particularly those based on AOX1/methanol and GAP/glucose, and this has now evolved into a pivotal concept for bioprocess engineering of P. pastoris
Increasing Scientific Confidence in Adverse Outcome Pathways: Application of Tailored Bradford-Hill Considerations for Evaluating Weight of Evidence.

Systematic consideration of scientific support is a critical element in developing and, ultimately, using adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for various regulatory applications. Though weight of evidence (WoE) analysis has been proposed as a basis for assessment of the maturity and level of confidence in an AOP, methodologies and tools are still being formalized. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Users' Handbook Supplement to the Guidance Document for Developing and Assessing AOPs (OECD 2014a; hereafter referred to as the OECD AOP Handbook) provides tailored Bradford-Hill (BH) considerations for systematic assessment of confidence in a given AOP. These considerations include (1) biological plausibility and (2) empirical support (dose-response, temporality, and incidence) for Key Event Relationships (KERs), and (3) essentiality of key events (KEs). Here, we test the application of these tailored BH considerations and the guidance outlined in the OECD AOP Handbook using a number of case examples to increase experience in more transparently documenting rationales for assigned levels of confidence to KEs and KERs, and to promote consistency in evaluation within and across AOPs. The major lessons learned from experience are documented, and taken together with the case examples, should contribute to better common understanding of the nature and form of documentation required to increase confidence in the application of AOPs for specific uses. Based on the tailored BH considerations and defining questions, a prototype quantitative model for assessing the WoE of an AOP using tools of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is described. The applicability of the approach is also demonstrated using the case example aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction in fish. Following the acquisition of additional experience in the development and assessment of AOPs, further refinement of parameterization of the model through expert elicitation is recommended. Overall, the application of quantitative WoE approaches hold promise to enhance the rigor, transparency and reproducibility for AOP WoE determinations and may play an important role in delineating areas where research would have the greatest impact on improving the overall confidence in the AOP
Natural supersymmetry and dynamical flavour with meta-stable vacua

We show how gauged flavour breaking and N $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 supersymmetry breaking can be dynamically aligned to produce natural models. Supersymmetry is broken in a metastable vacuum, while a weakly gauged flavour symmetry is identified with an SU (3) F subgroup of the global symmetry of the SQCD model. We find that alignment can easily occur either through strongly coupled flavour models, with SQCD bound states playing the role of flavons, or entirely weakly coupled and renormalizable models with elementary SU (3) F adjoint flavons. In both cases it is essential that the SU (3) F breaking, and hence all the flavour structure, is driven dynamically by the SUSY breaking. The resulting flavour gauge mediation in conjunction with the usual gauge mediation contribution leads to naturally light third generations squarks, with first and second generations above exclusions
Residual Weyl symmetry out of conformal geometry and its BRST structure

The conformal structure of second order in m -dimensions together with the so-called (normal) conformal Cartan connection, is considered as a framework for gauge theories. The dressing field scheme presented in a previous work amounts to a decoupling of both the inversion and the Lorentz symmetries such that the residual gauge symmetry is the Weyl symmetry. On the one hand, it provides straightforwardly the Riemannian parametrization of the normal conformal Cartan connection and its curvature. On the other hand, it also provides the finite transformation laws under the Weyl rescaling of the various geometric objects involved. Subsequently, the dressing field method is shown to fit the BRST differential algebra treatment of infinitesimal gauge symmetry. The dressed ghost field encoding the residual Weyl symmetry is presented. The related so-called algebraic connection supplies relevant combinations found in the literature in the algebraic study of the Weyl anomaly
Very-high-energy γ-ray observations of novae and dwarf novae with
  the MAGIC telescopes

Context. In the last five years the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)
instrument detected GeV {\gamma}-ray emission from five novae. The GeV emission
can be interpreted in terms of an inverse Compton process of electrons
accelerated in a shock. In this case it is expected that protons in the same
conditions can be accelerated to much higher energies. Consequently they may
produce a second component in the {\gamma}-ray spectrum at TeV energies. Aims.
We aim to explore the very-high-energy domain to search for {\gamma}-ray
emission above 50 GeV and to shed light on the acceleration process of leptons
and hadrons in nova explosions. Methods. We have performed observations with
the MAGIC telescopes of the classical nova V339 Del shortly after the 2013
outburst, triggered by optical and subsequent GeV {\gamma}-ray detec- tions. We
also briefly report on VHE observations of the symbiotic nova YY Her and the
dwarf nova ASASSN-13ax. We complement the TeV MAGIC observations with the
analysis of con- temporaneous Fermi-LAT data of the sources. The TeV and GeV
observations are compared in order to evaluate the acceleration parameters for
leptons and hadrons. Results. No significant TeV emission was found from the
studied sources. We computed upper limits on the spectrum and night-by-night
flux. The combined GeV and TeV observations of V339 Del limit the ratio of
proton to electron luminosities to Lp<~0.15 Le
How Do Regional Headquarters Influence Corporate Decisions in Networked MNCs?

In networked MNCs where knowledge and power are distributed, corporate strategy processes benefit from input arising from many different levels of the organization. Recently, the regional (i.e., supra-national) level has been emphasized as an important additional source of knowledge and input, and as a bridge between local subsidiaries and global corporate headquarters. This paper builds theory on the antecedents to regional headquarters' influence on corporate decisions (i.e., organizational, behavioral, and motivational). Based on a survey of regional headquarters in Europe and their relations with MNC headquarters, we provide empirical evidence that a regional headquarters' autonomy and signaling behavior have significant effects on its influence on corporate strategy. Furthermore, we find support for our hypothesis that the regional headquarters' charter moderates such bottom-up influence. (authors' abstract
Spin-label EPR study in thylakoid membranes from a new herbicide-resistant D1 mutant from soybean cell cultures deficient in fatty acid desaturation

El pdf del artículo es la versión post-print.Fatty acid desaturation effect on the lipid fluidity in thylakoid membranes isolated from the STR7 mutant was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using spin label probes. The spectra of both 5- and 16-n-doxylstearic acid probes were measured as a function of the temperature between 10-305 K and compared to those of the wild type. This complete thermal evolution provides a wider picture of the dynamics. The spectra of the 5-n-doxylstearic acid probe were identical in both STR7 mutant and wild type thylakoids as well as their temperature evolution. However, differences were found with the 16-n-doxylstearic acid probe at temperatures between 230-305 K. The differences in the thermal evolution of the EPR spectra can be interpreted as a 5-10 K shift toward higher temperatures of the probe motional rates in the STR7 mutant as compared with that in the wild type. At temperatures below 230 K no differences were observed. The results indicated that the lipid motion in the outermost region of the thylakoids is the same in the STR7 mutant than in the wild type while the fluidity in the inner region of the STR7 mutant membrane decreases. Our data point out a picture of the STR7 thylakoid membrane in which the lipid motion is slower most probably as a consequence of fatty acid desaturation deficiency.M.A. and I.G.-R. were recipients of a contract and a fellowship, respectively, from the Ministerio de Educación y Cultura of Spain. This work was supported by the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (Grant PB98-1632) and by the Diputación General de Aragón (Project P17/98).Peer reviewe
Shallow shear-wave velocity structure of Solfatara volcano (Campi Flegrei, Italy),from inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves

In this work, we infer the 1D shear-wave velocity model at Solfatara volcano using the
dispersion properties of Rayleigh waves generated by artificial explosions. The groupvelocity
dispersion curves are retrieved by applying the Multiple Filter Technique to
single-station recordings of air-gun sea shots. Seismic signals are filtered in different
frequency bands and the dispersion curves are obtained by evaluating the arrival times
of the envelope maxima of the filtered signals. Fundamental and higher modes are
carefully recognized and separated by using a Phase Matched Filter. The dispersion
curves obtained indicate Rayleigh-wave fundamental-mode group velocities ranging
from about 0.8 to 0.6 km/s over the 2-12 Hz frequency band. These group velocity
dispersion curves are then inverted to infer a shallow shear-wave velocity model down
to a depth of about 250 m. The shear-wave velocities thus obtained are compatible
with those derived both from cross- and down-hole measurements in neighbouring
wells and from laboratory experiments. These data are eventually interpreted in the
light of the geological setting of the area. Using the velocity model obtained, we
calculate the theoretical ground response to a vertically-incident S-wave getting two,
main amplification peaks centered at frequencies of 2.2 and 5.4 Hz. The transfer
function was compared to those obtained experimentally from the application of
Nakamura’s technique to microtremor data, artificial explosions and local
earthquakes. Agreement among the experimental and theoretical transfer functions is
observed for the amplification peak of frequency 5.4 Hz
Adjustment and transformation strategies of ItalPoS Permanent GNSS Network

A private network of 133 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) permanent sites, named ItalPoS (Italian
Positioning Service) and uniformly covering the entire Italian territory, was established in April 2006 by the Italian
Division of Leica Geosystems S.p.A. This network also involves several GPS stations of the INGV (Italian
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology) RING (Real-time Integrated National Gps) network and GPS
stations from other public and private bodies. Indeed Leica Geosystems contributed with its experience and its
products to these networks which currently fulfil the national coverage where there are no ItalPoS stations. For
instance, the purpose of the ItalPoS network is mainly GNSS data distribution in terms of real time corrections
and RINEX files for the post-processing.
In order to compute and distribute to private and scientific users a set of adjusted coordinates of the ItalPoS network
in the IGS05 and ETRF89-2000 reference frames, a dataset of RINEX of about 120 GPS permanent sites
was created and processed, using the distributed sessions approach, by means of Gamit/Globk 10.3 GPS data
processor, also using some SOPAC (Scripps Orbits and Permanent Array Center) and EUREF (European Permanent
Network) solutions to improve the reference frame definition and the internal constraints.
This paper describes all the strategies adopted to estimate coordinates and velocities of the ItalPoS Network in
IGS05 and in ETRF89-2000 reference frames in the whole Italian territory
Spatial working memory in immersive virtual reality foraging: Path organization, traveling distance and search efficiency in humans (Homo sapiens)

Full text of this item is not currently available on the LRA.  The final published version may be available through the links above.Search and serial recall tasks were used in the present study to characterize the factors affecting the ability of humans to keep track of a set of spatial locations while traveling in an immersive virtual reality foraging environment. The first experiment required the exhaustive exploration of a set of locations following a procedure previously used with other primate and non-primate species to assess their sensitivity to the geometric arrangement of foraging sites. The second experiment assessed the dependency of search performance on search organization by requiring the participants to recall specific trajectories throughout the foraging space. In the third experiment, the distance between the foraging sites was manipulated in order to contrast the effects of organization and traveling distance on recall accuracy. The results show that humans benefit from the use of organized search patterns when attempting to monitor their travel though either a clustered “patchy” space or a matrix of locations. Their ability to recall a series of locations is dependent on whether the order in which they are explored conformed or did not conform to specific organization principles. Moreover, the relationship between search efficiency and search organization is not confounded by effects of traveling distance. These results indicate that in humans, organizational factors may play a large role in their ability to forage efficiently. The extent to which such dependency may pertain to other primates and could be accounted for by visual organization processes is discussed on the basis of previous studies focused on perceptual grouping, search, and serial recall in non-human species
Comments on entanglement negativity in holographic field theories.

We explore entanglement negativity, a measure of the distillable entanglement contained in a quantum state, in relativistic field theories in various dimensions. We first give a general overview of negativity and its properties and then explain a well known result relating (logarithmic) negativity of pure quantum states to the Rényi entropy (at index 1/2), by exploiting the simple features of entanglement in thermal states. In particular, we show that the negativity of the thermofield double state is given by the free energy difference of the system at temperature T and 2 T respectively. We then use this result to compute the negativity in the vacuum state of conformal field theories in various dimensions, utilizing results that have been derived for free and holographic CFTs in the literature. We also comment upon general lessons to be learnt about negativity in holographic field theories
Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of plates.

Modal and non-modal stabilities of flow around a stack of flat plates are investigated by means of asymptotic stability and transient growth analyses respectively. It is observed that over the parameters considered, both the base flow and the stabilities vary as a function of ReW2/(W−1)2, i.e. the product of the Reynolds number and the square of the expansion ratio of the stack. The most unstable modes are found to be located downstream of the recirculation bubble while the global optimal initial perturbations (resulting in maximum energy growth over the entire domain) and the weighted optimal initial perturbations (resulting in maximum energy growth in the close downstream region of the stack) concentrate around the stack end owing to the Orr mechanism. In direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the base flow initially perturbed by the modes, it is noticed that the weighted optimal initial perturbation induces periodic vortex shedding downstream of the stack much faster than the most unstable mode. This observation suggests that the widely reported vortex shedding in flow around a stack of plates, e.g. in thermoacoustic devices, is associated with perturbations around the stack end
Higher derivative corrections to charged fluids in 2n dimensions.

We study anomalous charged fluid in 2n-dimensions (n ≥ 2) up to sub-leading derivative order. Only the effect of gauge anomaly is important at this order. Using the Euclidean partition function formalism, we find the constraints on different sub-leading order transport coefficients appearing in parity-even and odd sectors of the fluid. We introduce a new mechanism to count different fluid data at arbitrary derivative order. We show that only the knowledge of independent scalar-data is sufficient to find the constraints. In appendix we further extend this analysis to obtain fluid data at sub-sub-leading order (where both gauge and gravitational anomaly contribute) for parity-odd fluid
Altered joint tribology in osteoarthritis: Reduced lubricin synthesis due to the inflammatory process. New horizons for therapeutic approaches.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease. This review aimed to consolidate the current evidence that implicates the inflammatory process in the attenuation of synovial lubrication and joint tissue homeostasis in OA. Moreover, with these findings, we propose some evidence for novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and/or treating this complex disorder. The studies reviewed support that inflammatory mediators participate in the onset and progression of OA after joint injury. The flow of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an acute injury seems to be directly associated with altered lubricating ability in the joint tissue. The latter is associated with reduced level of lubricin, one of the major joint lubricants. Future research should focus on the development of new therapies that attenuate the inflammatory process and restore lubricin synthesis and function. This approach could support joint tribology and synovial lubrication leading to improved joint function and pain relief
The virtual tourist gaze in Greece, 1897–1905

While travelling in Greece in 1892, a British tourist wryly commented on a group of tourists arriving in Athens who were travelling with nothing but a Baedeker guidebook and a pair of opera glasses (Armstrong, 1893). By 1892 tourist images were beginning to determine the benchmark for authentic vistas of Greece. This argument analyses an early technology for generating three dimensional images of Greece and the technological, ideological and discursive features that distinguish a particular iteration of the early tourist gaze. The study seeks to bring research from the humanities on tourism in Greece to a broader audience as a means of investigating the potential for more productive cross-flows in research covering tourism and the arts and humanities
Search for the associated production of a Higgs boson with a single top
  quark in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

This paper presents the search for the production of a Higgs boson in
association with a single top quark (tHq), using data collected in
proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to
an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns. The search exploits a
variety of Higgs boson decay modes resulting in final states with photons,
bottom quarks, and multiple charged leptons, including tau leptons, and employs
a variety of multivariate techniques to maximize sensitivity to the signal. The
analysis is optimized for the opposite sign of the Yukawa coupling to that in
the standard model and corresponding to a large enhancement of the signal cross
section. In the absence of an excess of candidate signal events over the
background predictions, 95% confidence level observed (expected) upper limits
on anomalous tHq production are set, ranging between 600 (450) fb and 1000
(700) fb depending on the assumed diphoton branching fraction of the Higgs
boson. This is the first time that results on anomalous tHq production have
been reported.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables, including additional figures, can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-14-027/index.htm
Nucleon Effective E-Mass in Neutron-Rich Matter from the
  Migdal-Luttinger Jump

The well-known Migdal-Luttinger theorem states that the jump of the
single-nucleon momentum distribution at the Fermi surface is equal to the
inverse of the nucleon effective E-mass. Recent experiments studying
short-range correlations (SRC) in nuclei using electron-nucleus scatterings at
the Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB) together with model calculations
constrained significantly the Migdal-Luttinger jump at saturation density of
nuclear matter. We show that the corresponding nucleon effective E-mass is
consequently constrained to $M_0^{\ast,\rm{E}}/M\approx2.22\pm0.35$ in
symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) and the E-mass of neutrons is smaller than that
of protons in neutron-rich matter. Moreover, the average depletion of the
nucleon Fermi sea increases (decreases) approximately linearly with the isospin
asymmetry $\delta$ according to $\kappa_{\rm{p}/\rm{n}}\approx 0.21\pm0.06 \pm
(0.19\pm0.08)\delta$ for protons (neutrons). These results will help improve
our knowledge about the space-time non-locality of the single-nucleon potential
in neutron-rich nucleonic matter useful in both nuclear physics and
astrophysics.Comment: Discussions added. Version accepted by PL