pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Higgs boson decays and production in the left-right twin Higgs model

The left-right twin Higgs model predicts one neutral Higgs boson $\phi_{0}$
and it acquires mass $m_{\phi_{0}}\sim \mu_{r}$ with the $\mu$ term, which can
be lighter than half the SM-like Higgs boson mass in a portion of parameter
space. Thus, the SM-like Higgs boson $h$ can dominantly decay into a pair of
light neutral Higgs bosons especially when $m_{h}$ is below the $WW$ threshold.
First, we examine the branching ratios of the SM-like Higgs boson decays and
find that the new decay mode $h\rightarrow \phi_{0}\phi_{0}$ is dominant for
the case of $m_{h}>2m_{\phi_{0}}$. Then we study the production via gluon
fusion followed by the decay into two photons or two weak gauge bosons and
found that the production rate can be significantly suppressed for some part of
parameter space. Finally, we comparatively study the process
$\gamma\gamma\rightarrow h \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ at ILC in the cases of
$m_{h}>2m_{\phi_{0}}$ and $m_{h}<2m_{\phi_{0}}$, respectively. We find that
these predictions can significantly deviated from the SM predictions, e.g., the
gluon-gluon fusion channel, in the cases of $m_{h}>2m_{\phi_{0}}$ and
$m_{h}<2m_{\phi_{0}}$, can be suppressed by about 80% and 45%, respectively.
Therefor, it is possible to probe the left-right twin Higgs model via these
Higgs boson production processes at the LHC experiment or in the future ILC
experiment.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in PL
Key results from an XMM-Newton and Chandra study of a new sample of
  extreme ULXs from the 2XMM catalogue

We present highlights from a study of a sample of 10 extreme-luminosity
candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (L_X > 5 x 10^(40) erg sec^(-1)), all at
distances < 100 Mpc, identified from a cross-correlation of the RC3 catalogue
of galaxies with the 2XMM catalogue. Five of the sample have also been observed
by Chandra. Of the 10 sources, seven reside in the disc or arms of spiral
galaxies, and the remaining three are close to large elliptical galaxies.
Unlike many less luminous ultraluminous X-ray sources, temporal variability is
observed on short (ks) and long (year) timescales for most sources in our
sample. Long term spectral variability is also evident in some sources. In one
case, we use archival Chandra data to demonstrate that a hyperluminous X-ray
source candidate identified by XMM-Newton is actually resolved into multiple
point sources at high spatial resolution, but note that the other candidates
remain unresolved under Chandra's intense scrutiny.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomische
  Nachrichten, to appear in the proceedings of the conference "Ultra-Luminous
  X-ray sources and Middle Weight Black Holes" (Madrid, May 24-26, 2010
Towards the minimal renormalizable supersymmetric $E_6$ model

We find an explicit renormalizable supersymmetric $E_6$ model with all the
ingredients for being realistic. It consists of the Higgs sector
$351'+\overline{351'}+27+\overline{27}$, which breaks $E_6$ directly to the
Standard Model gauge group. Three copies of $27$ dimensional representations
then describe the matter sector, while an extra $27+\overline{27}$ pair is
needed to successfully split the Standard Model Higgs doublet from the heavy
Higgs triplet. We perform the analysis of the vacuum structure and the Yukawa
sector of this model, as well as compute contributions to proton decay. Also,
we show why some other simpler $E_6$ models fail to be realistic at the
renormalizable level.Comment: 36 pages, a new section on proton decay added, new reference, results
  unchanged. To be published in JHE
The Hoyle state in Nuclear Lattice EFT

We review the calculation of the Hoyle state of $^{12}$C in Nuclear Lattice
Effective Field Theory (NLEFT) and its anthropic implications for the
nucleosynthesis of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O in red giant stars. We also review the
extension of NLEFT to the regime of medium-mass nuclei, with emphasis on the
determination of the ground-state energies of the alpha nuclei $^{16}$O,
$^{20}$Ne, $^{24}$Mg and $^{28}$Si by means of Euclidean time projection.
Finally, we review recent NLEFT results for the spectrum, electromagnetic
properties, and alpha-cluster structure of $^{16}$O.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables, invited talk at the DAE symposium on
  nuclear physics, December 2-6 2013, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India. To appear
  in Pramana - Journal of Physic
Lithium-Beryllium-Boron: Origin and Evolution

The origin and evolution of Lithium-Beryllium-Boron is a crossing point between different astrophysical fields : optical and gamma spectroscopy, non thermal nucleosynthesis, Big Bang and stellar nucleosynthesis and finally galactic evolution. We describe the production and the evolution of Lithium-Beryllium-Boron from Big Bang up to now through the interaction of the Standard Galactic Cosmic Rays with the interstellar medium, supernova neutrino spallation and a low energy component related to supernova explosions in galactic superbubbles
Small linearly equivalent $G$-sets and a construction of Beaulieu

Two $G$-sets ($G$ a finite group) are called linearly equivalent over a
commutative ring $k$ if the permutation representations $k[X]$ and $k[Y]$ are
isomorphic as modules over the group algebra $kG$. Pairs of linearly equivalent
non-isomorphic $G$-sets have applications in number theory and geometry. We
characterize the groups $G$ for which such pairs exist for any field, and give
a simple construction of these pairs. If $k$ is $\Q$, these are precisely the
non-cyclic groups. For any non-cyclic group, we prove that there exist $G$-sets
which are non-isomorphic and \lineq over $\Q$, of cardinality $\leq 3(#G)/2$.
  Also, we investigate a construction of P. Beaulieu which allows us to
construct pairs of transitive linearly equivalent $S_n$-sets from arbitrary
$G$-sets for an arbitrary group $G$. We show that this construction works over
all fields and use it construct, for each finite set $\mc P$ of primes,
$S_n$-sets linearly equivalent over a field $k$ if and only if the
characteristic of $k$ lies in $\mc P$.Comment: v2: fixed proof of Lemma 2.
Large-Scale Association Analysis Provides Insights into the Genetic Architecture and Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes

To extend understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we conducted a meta-analysis of genetic variants on the Metabochip involving 34,840 cases and 114,981 controls, overwhelmingly of European descent. We identified ten previously unreported T2D susceptibility loci, including two demonstrating sex-differentiated association. Genome-wide analyses of these data are consistent with a long tail of further common variant loci explaining much of the variation in susceptibility to T2D. Exploration of the enlarged set of susceptibility loci implicates several processes, including CREBBP-related transcription, adipocytokine signalling and cell cycle regulation, in diabetes pathogenesis
The QUaD Galactic Plane Survey. I. Maps and Analysis of Diffuse Emission

We present a survey of ~800 deg\(^{2}\) of the galactic plane observed with the QUaD telescope. The primary products of the survey are maps of Stokes I, Q, and U parameters at 100 and 150 GHz, with spatial resolution of 5' and 3'.5, respectively. Two regions are covered, spanning approximately 245°-295° and 315°-5° in the galactic longitude l and –4° < b < +4° in the galactic latitude b. At 0°.02 square pixel size, the median sensitivity is 74 and 107 kJy sr\(^{–1}\) at 100 GHz and 150 GHz respectively in I, and 98 and 120 kJy sr\(^{–1}\) for Q and U. In total intensity, we find an average spectral index of α = 2.35 ± 0.01(stat) ± 0.02(sys) for |b| ≤ 1°, indicative of emission components other than thermal dust. A comparison to published dust, synchrotron, and free-free models implies an excess of emission in the 100 GHz QUaD band, while better agreement is found at 150 GHz. A smaller excess is observed when comparing QUaD 100 GHz data to the WMAP five-year W band; in this case, the excess is likely due to the wider bandwidth of QUaD. Combining the QUaD and WMAP data, a two-component spectral fit to the inner galactic plane (|b| ≤ 1°) yields mean spectral indices of α s = –0.32 ± 0.03 and α\(_{d}\) = 2.84 ± 0.03; the former is interpreted as a combination of the spectral indices of synchrotron, free-free, and dust, while the second is largely attributed to the thermal dust continuum. In the same galactic latitude range, the polarization data show a high degree of alignment perpendicular to the expected galactic magnetic field direction, and exhibit mean polarization fraction 1.38 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.1(sys)% at 100 GHz and 1.70 ± 0.06(stat) ± 0.1(sys)% at 150 GHz. We find agreement in polarization fraction between QUaD 100 GHz and the WMAP W band, the latter giving 1.1% ± 0.4%.Astronom
Vaginal cones or balls to improve pelvic floor muscle performance and urinary continence in women post partum: A quantitative systematic review

Objectives: \ud
The vaginal use of cones or balls aims to increase muscle performance and thereby prevent or treat urinary incontinence. To date, no systematic review has focused on the effectiveness of these devices specifically during the postpartum period. The objectives of this review were: to compare the effectiveness of vaginal cones or balls for improvement of pelvic floor muscle performance and urinary continence in the postpartum period to no treatment, placebo, sham treatment or active controls; to gather information on effect on perineal descent or pelvic organ prolapse, adverse effects and economical aspects.\ud
\ud
Design:\ud
Quantitative systematic review\ud
\ud
Data Sources:\ud
14 scientific databases (including PubMed and CINAHL) and the world-wide web; experts were contacted for published and unpublished data.\ud
\ud
Review Methods:\ud
Studies had to be randomised/quasi-randomised trials and have female participants up to one year after childbirth. The intervention is compared to no treatment, placebo, sham treatment or active controls. Outcome measures relate to pelvic floor muscle performance or urinary incontinence. Studies were selected, “risk of bias” assessed, and data extracted by two reviewers independently with inter-reviewer agreement. \ud
\ud
Main Findings:  \ud
One study met the inclusion criteria; its original data were re-analysed. In an intention-to-treat analysis, compared with the control group, the cone group showed a statistically significant lower rate of urinary incontinence; compared with the exercise group, the prevalence was similar. However, the validity of the analysis is limited.\ud
\ud
Conclusions  and implications:\ud
The evidence gained from this systematic review is very limited. The use of cones may be helpful for urinary incontinence after childbirth, but further research is needed
Operator analysis of $p_T$-widths of TMDs

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs),
TMDs for short, are defined as the Fourier transform of matrix elements of
nonlocal combinations of quark and gluon fields. The nonlocality is bridged by
gauge links, which for TMDs have characteristic paths (future or past
pointing), giving rise to a process dependence that breaks universality. It is
possible, however, to construct sets of universal TMDs of which in a given
process particular combinations are needed with calculable, process-dependent,
coefficients. This occurs for both T-odd and T-even TMDs, including also the
{\it unpolarized} quark and gluon TMDs. This extends the by now well-known
example of T-odd TMDs that appear with opposite sign in single-spin azimuthal
asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering or in the Drell-Yan
process. In this paper we analyze the cases where TMDs enter multiplied by
products of two transverse momenta, which includes besides the $p_T$-broadening
observable, also instances with rank two structures. To experimentally
demonstrate the process dependence of the latter cases requires measurements of
second harmonic azimuthal asymmetries, while the $p_T$-broadening will require
measurements of processes beyond semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering or
the Drell-Yan process. Furthermore, we propose specific quantities that will
allow for theoretical studies of the process dependence of TMDs using lattice
QCD calculations.Comment: 10 pages, no figures; expanded discussions, matches version accepted
  by JHE
Pointed Hopf Algebras with Triangular Decomposition -- A
  Characterization of Multiparameter Quantum Groups

In this paper, we present an approach to the definition of multiparameter
quantum groups by studying Hopf algebras with triangular decomposition.
Classifying all of these Hopf algebras which are of what we call weakly
separable type over a group, we obtain a class of pointed Hopf algebras which
can be viewed as natural generalizations of multiparameter deformations of
universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras. These Hopf algebras are
instances of a new version of braided Drinfeld doubles, which we call
asymmetric braided Drinfeld doubles. This is a generalization of an earlier
result by Benkart and Witherspoon (2004) who showed that two-parameter quantum
groups are Drinfeld doubles. It is possible to recover a Lie algebra from these
doubles in the case where the group is free abelian and the parameters are
generic. The Lie algebras arising are generated by Lie subalgebras isomorphic
to sl2.Comment: 31 pages; revised manuscript for publicatio
T-duality and $\alpha'$-corrections

We construct an $O(d,d)$ invariant universal formulation of the first-order
$\alpha'$-corrections of the string effective actions involving the dilaton,
metric and two-form fields. Two free parameters interpolate between
four-derivative terms that are even and odd with respect to a $Z_2$-parity
transformation that changes the sign of the two-form field. The $Z_2$-symmetric
model reproduces the closed bosonic string, and the heterotic string effective
action is obtained through a $Z_2$-parity-breaking choice of parameters. The
theory is an extension of the generalized frame formulation of Double Field
Theory, in which the gauge transformations are deformed by a first-order
generalized Green-Schwarz transformation. This deformation defines a duality
covariant gauge principle that requires and fixes the four-derivative terms. We
discuss the $O(d,d)$ structure of the theory and the (non-)covariance of the
required field redefinitions.Comment: 35 pages, v2: Minor corrections, published in JHE
Symplectic critical models in $6+\epsilon$ dimensions

We consider nontrivial critical models in $d=6+\epsilon$ spacetime dimensions
with anticommuting scalars transforming under the symplectic group
$\text{Sp}(N)$. These models are nonunitary, but the couplings are real and all
operator dimensions are positive. At large $N$ we can take $\epsilon\to1$
consistently with the loop expansion and thus provide evidence that these
theories may be used to define critical models in $d=7$. The relation of these
theories to critical $\text{Sp}(N)$ theories, defined similarly to the
well-known critical $\text{O}(N)$ theories, is examined, and some similarities
are pointed out.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. v2: Fixed typo
Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900$~GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region $(|\eta|<0.8)$ over the transverse momentum range $0.15<p_T<10$~GeV/$c$. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for $|\eta|<0.8$ is $\left<p_T\right>_{\rm INEL}=0.483\pm0.001$~(stat.)~$\pm0.007$~(syst.)~GeV/$c$ and $\left<p_T\right>_{\rm NSD}=0.489\pm0.001$~(stat.)~$\pm0.007$~(syst.)~GeV/$c$, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger $\left<p_T\right>$ than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET
Two and three-body structure of the Y (4660)

We study general features of three-meson bound states using the Y(4660) as an example. Here the Y(4660) is assumed to be either a two-body bound state of the f(0)(980), itself a bound state of K and (K) over bar, and the psi' = psi(2s), or a three-body bound state of psi', K, and (K) over bar. In particular, we investigate in detail the interplay of the various scales inherent in the problem, namely the f(0) binding energy, the Y binding energy, and the K psi' scattering length. This allows us to understand under which circumstances the substructure of the f(0)(980) can be neglected in the description of the Y(4660). (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V
U(1)B−L extra-natural inflation with Standard Model on a brane

The interrelation between inflationary cosmology and new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is studied in a U(1)B−L extension of the SM embedded in a (4+1)-dimensional spacetime. In the scenario we study, the inflaton arises from the Wilson loop of the U(1)B−L gauge group winding an extra-dimensional cycle. Particular attention is paid to the coupling between the inflaton and SM particles that are confined on a brane localized in the extra dimension. We find that the inflaton decay channels are rather restricted in this scenario and the resulting reheating temperature is relatively low
The Sakai-Sugimoto soliton

The Sakai-Sugimoto model is the preeminent example of a string theory description of holographic QCD, in which baryons correspond to topological solitons in the bulk. Here we investigate the validity of various approximations of the Sakai-Sugimoto soliton that are used widely to study the properties of holographic baryons. These approximations include the flat space self-dual instanton, a linear expansion in terms of eigenfunctions in the holographic direction and an asymptotic power series at large radius. These different approaches have produced contradictory results in the literature regarding properties of the baryon, such as relations for the electromagnetic form factors. Here we determine the regions of validity of these various approximations and show how to relate different approximations in contiguous regions of applicability. This analysis clarifies the source of the contradictory results in the literature and resolves some outstanding issues, including the use of the flat space self-dual instanton, the detailed properties of the asymptotic soliton tail, and the role of the UV cutoff introduced in previous investigations. A consequence of our analysis is the discovery of a new large scale, that grows logarithmically with the ’t Hooft coupling, at which the soliton fields enter a nonlinear regime. Finally, we provide the first numerical computation of the Sakai-Sugimoto soliton and demonstrate that the numerical results support our analysis
Phenomenology of a very light scalar (100 MeV < m h < 10 GeV) mixing with the SM Higgs

In this paper we investigate the phenomenology of a very light scalar, h , with mass 100 MeV  < m h   <  10 GeV, mixing with the SM Higgs. As a benchmark model we take the real singlet scalar extension of the SM. We point out apparently unresolved uncertainties in the branching ratios and lifetime of h in a crucial region of parameter space for LHC phenomenology. Bounds from LEP, meson decays and fixed target experiments are reviewed. We also examine prospects at the LHC. For m h ≲ m B the dominant production mechanism is via meson decay; our main result is the calculation of the differential p T spectrum of h scalars originating from B mesons and the subsequent prediction of up to thousands of moderate (triggerable) p T displaced dimuons possibly hiding in the existing dataset at ATLAS/CMS or at LHCb. We also demonstrate that the subdominant V h production channel has the best sensitivity for m h ≳ m B and that future bounds in this region could conceivably compete with those of LEP
Natural inflation with natural trans-planckian axion decay constant from anomalous U(1) X

We propose a natural inflation model driven by an imaginary or axionic component of a Kähler modulus in string-inspired supergravity. The shift symmetry of the axion is gauged under an anomalous U(1) X symmetry, which leads to a modulus-dependent Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term. The matter fields are stabilized by F-terms, and the real component of the modulus is stabilized by the U(1) X D-term, while its axion remains light. Therefore, the masses of real and imaginary components of the modulus are separated at different scales. The scalar potential for natural inflation is realized by the superpotential from the non-perturbative effects. The trans-Planckian axion decay constant, which is needed to fit with BICEP2 observations, can be obtained naturally in this model
Extended supersymmetry in AdS 3 higher spin theories

We determine the asymptotic symmetry algebra (for fields of low spin) of the M × M matrix extended Vasiliev theories on AdS 3 and find that it agrees with the W $$ \mathcal{W} $$ -algebra of their proposed coset duals. Previously it was noticed that for M = 2 the supersymmetry increases from N = 2 $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ to N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ . We study more systematically this type of supersymmetry enhancements and find that, although the higher spin algebra has extended supersymmetry for all M ≥ 2, the corresponding asymptotic symmetry algebra fails to be superconformal except for M = 2, when it has large N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ superconformal symmetry. Moreover, we find that the Vasiliev theories based on s h s E N | 2 , ℝ $$ \mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{h}{\mathfrak{s}}^E\left(\mathcal{N}\Big|2,\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}\right) $$ are special cases of the matrix extended higher spin theories, and hence have the same supersymmetry properties
Search for B decays to final states with the η c meson

We report a search for B decays to selected final states with the η c meson: B ± → K ± η c π + π − , B ± → K ± η c ω , B ± → K ± η c η and B ± → K ± η c π 0 . The analysis is based on 772 × 10 6 B B ¯ $$ B\overline{B} $$ pairs collected at the Υ(4 S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the studied B decay modes, independent of intermediate resonances, in the range (0 . 6–5 . 3) × 10 −4 . We also search for molecular-state candidates in the D 0 D ¯ ∗ 0 − D ¯ 0 D ∗ 0 , D 0 D ¯ 0 + D ¯ 0 D 0 $$ {D}^0{\overline{D}}^{\ast 0}-{\overline{D}}^0{D}^{\ast 0},{D}^0{\overline{D}}^0+{\overline{D}}^0{D}^0 $$ and D ∗ 0 D ¯ ∗ 0 + D ¯ ∗ 0 D ∗ 0 $$ {D}^{\ast 0}{\overline{D}}^{\ast 0}+{\overline{D}}^{\ast 0}{D}^{\ast 0} $$ combinations, neutral partners of the Z (3900) ± and Z (4020) ± , and a poorly understood state X (3915) as possible intermediate states in the decay chain, and set 90% confidence level upper limits on the product of branching fractions to the mentioned intermediate states and decay branching fractions of these states in the range (0 . 6–6 . 9) × 10 −5