pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Does it matter whether friends, parents, or peers drink walk? Identifying which normative influences predict young pedestrian’s decisions to walk while intoxicated

Drink walking, that is walking in a public place while intoxicated, is associated with increased risk of injury and fatality. Young people and males are especially prone to engaging in this behaviour, yet little is known about the factors associated with individual's decisions to drink walk. The present research explores the role of different normative influences (friendship group norm, parent group norm, university peer group norm) and perceived risk, within an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework, in predicting young people's self-reported drink walking intentions. One hundred and eighteen young people (aged 17-25 years) completed a survey including sociodemographic measures and extended TPB measures related to drink walking. Overall the extended TPB explained 72.8% of the variance in young people's intentions to drink walk in the next six months with attitude, perceived behavioural control, friendship group norm, and gender (male) emerging as significant predictors. Males, as compared with females, had higher intentions to drink walk and lower perceptions of risk regarding drink walking. Together, these findings provide a clearer indication of the salient normative influences and gender differences in young pedestrian's decisions to walk while intoxicated. Such findings can be used to inform future interventions designed to reduce injuries and fatalities associated with drink walking.Full Tex
On shape dependence of holographic mutual information in AdS4

We study the holographic mutual information in AdS(4) of disjoint spatial domains in the boundary which are delimited by smooth closed curves. A numerical method which approximates a local minimum of the area functional through triangulated surfaces is employed. After some checks of the method against existing analytic results for the holographic entanglement entropy, we compute the holographic mutual information of equal domains delimited by ellipses, superellipses or the boundaries of two dimensional spherocylinders, finding also the corresponding transition curves along which the holographic mutual information vanishes
Involvement of calcium in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-\ud
tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced experimental\ud
parkinsonism

Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, involves the\ud
selective degeneration of A9 substantia nigra neurons in the brain. In the\ud
present study, we hypothesize that the active form of the parkinsonian toxin,\ud
1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium ion (MPP+) acts as a Ca2+ channel blocker.\ud
The study explores the Ca2+-involvement in this selective neurodegeneration\ud
at three levels: (i) subcellular level aiming to assess the intrasynaptosomal\ud
Ca2+ flux using Fura-2AM; (ii) tissue level employing HPLC-electrochemistry\ud
to monitor dopamine release from striatal slices; and (iii) organism level\ud
involving in vivo studies by pharmacologically intervening with L-type\ud
dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel agonist, (±)-Bay K8644 and antagonist,\ud
nicardipine. The active metabolite, MPP+ was used for in vitro and ex vivo\ud
experiments whereas for in vivo investigations, Balb/c mice were injected\ud
with MPTP. In vivo effects of calcium channel agonist, Bay K8644 and\ud
antagonist, nicardipine with and without MPTP were monitored for different\ud
parameters such as monoamine oxidase-B activity, tyrosine hydroxylation,\ud
MPP+ formation in the striatum, levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized\ud
glutathione (GSSG), and striatal DA employing HPLC-electrochemistry. In\ud
the present study we observed MPP+ causes an increase in intrasynaptosomal\ud
Ca2+, culminating in DA release from the striatum, which is sensitive to Ltype\ud
dihydropyridine Ca2+, channel modulation. Our studies with (±)-Bay\ud
K8644 and nicardipine affirmed the involvement of L-type Ca2+ channels in\ud
MPTP-neurotoxicity. Relevant findings from the study proved our hypothesis:\ud
MPP+ being a Ca2+ channel blocker, acting at the L-type Ca2+ channels.\ud
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, methylphenyl tetrahydropyridine, calcium,\ud
calcium channel, neurodegeneration
Unified theory of exactly and quasiexactly solvable "discrete" quantum mechanics. I. Formalism

We present a simple recipe to construct exactly and quasiexactly solvable Hamiltonians in one-dimensional "discrete" quantum mechanics, in which the Schrodinger equation is a difference equation. It reproduces all the known ones whose eigenfunctions consist of the Askey scheme of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials of a continuous or a discrete variable. The recipe also predicts several new ones. An essential role is played by the sinusoidal coordinate, which generates the closure relation and the Askey Wilson algebra together with the Hamiltonian. The relationship between the closure relation and the Askey Wilson algebra is clarified. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3458866
A secondary RET mutation in the activation loop conferring resistance to vandetanib

Resistance to vandetanib, a type I RET kinase inhibitor, developed in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma harboring a CCDC6-RET fusion that initially exhibited a response to treatment. The resistant tumor acquired a secondary mutation resulting in a serine-to-phenylalanine substitution at codon 904 in the activation loop of the RET kinase domain. The S904F mutation confers resistance to vandetanib by increasing the ATP affinity and autophosphorylation activity of RET kinase. A reduced interaction with the drug is also observed in vitro for the S904F mutant by thermal shift assay. A crystal structure of the S904F mutant reveals a small hydrophobic core around F904 likely to enhance basal kinase activity by stabilizing an active conformer. Our findings indicate that missense mutations in the activation loop of the kinase domain are able to increase kinase activity and confer drug resistance through allosteric effects
p63 transcription factor regulates nuclear shape and expression of nuclear envelope-associated genes in epidermal keratinocyte

yesThe maintenance of a proper nuclear architecture and 3D organization of the genes, enhancer elements and transcription machinery plays an essential role in tissue development and regeneration. Here we show that in the developing skin, epidermal progenitor cells of mice lacking p63 transcription factor display alterations in the nuclear shape accompanied by marked decrease in expression of several nuclear envelop-associated components (Lamin B1, Lamin A/C, SUN1, Nesprin-3, Plectin) compared to controls. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR assay showed enrichment of p63 on Sun1, Syne3 and Plec promoters, suggesting them as p63 targets. Alterations in the nuclei shape and expression of nuclear envelope-associated proteins were accompanied by altered distribution patterns of the repressive histone marks H3K27me3, H3K9me3 and heterochromatin protein 1- alpha in p63-null keratinocytes. These changes were also accompanied by downregulation of the transcriptional activity and relocation of the keratinocyte-specific gene loci away from the sites of active transcription towards the heterochromatin-enriched repressive nuclear compartments in p63-null cells. These data demonstrate functional links between the nuclear envelope organization, chromatin architecture and gene expression in keratinocytes and suggest nuclear envelope-associated genes as important targets mediating p63-regulated gene expression programme in the epidermis
Optimising the community-based approach to healthcare improvement: Comparative case studies of the clinical community model in practice.

Community-based approaches to healthcare improvement are receiving increasing attention. Such approaches could offer an infrastructure for efficient knowledge-sharing and a potent means of influencing behaviours, but their potential is yet to be optimised. After briefly reviewing challenges to community-based approaches, we describe in detail the clinical community model. Through exploring clinical communities in practice, we seek to identify practical lessons for optimising this community-based approach to healthcare improvement. Through comparative case studies based on secondary analysis, we examine two contrasting examples of clinical communities in practice - the USA-based Michigan Keystone ICU programme, and the UK-based Improving Lung Cancer Outcomes Project. We focus on three main issues. First, both cases were successful in mobilising diverse communities: favourable starting conditions, core teams with personal credibility, reputable institutional backing and embeddedness in wider networks were important. Second, top-down input to organise regular meetings, minimise conflict and empower those at risk of marginalisation helped establish a strong sense of community and reciprocal ties, while intervention components and measures common to the whole community strengthened peer-norming effects. Third, to drive implementation, technical expertise and responsiveness from the core team were important, but so too were 'hard tactics' (e.g. strict limits on local customisation); these were more easily deployed where the intervention was standardised across the community and a strong evidence-base existed. Contrary to the idea of self-organising communities, our cases make clear that vertical and horizontal forces depend on each other synergistically for their effectiveness. We offer practical lessons for establishing an effective balance of horizontal and vertical influences, and for identifying the types of quality problems most amenable to community-based improvement.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Effects of  ρ -meson width on pion distributions in heavy-ion collisions

The influence of the finite width of ρ meson on the pion momentum distribution is studied quantitatively in the framework of the S-matrix approach combined with a blast-wave model to describe particle emissions from an expanding fireball. We find that the proper treatment of resonances which accounts for their production dynamics encoded in data for partial wave scattering amplitudes can substantially modify spectra of daughter particles originating in their two body decays. In particular, it results in an enhancement of the low-pT pions from the decays of ρ mesons which improves the quantitative description of the pion spectra in heavy ion collisions obtained by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC energy
Associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health

This article was published in the journal, Diabetologia [© Springer-Verlag]. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-2845-9Aims/hypothesis: The study aimed to examine the associations between objectively measured sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health in a population with known risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study reports data from two ongoing diabetes prevention programmes. Participants with known risk factors were recruited from primary care practices located within the East Midlands, UK, over the period 2010-2011. ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers (15 s epochs) were used to assess sedentary time (<25 counts per 15 s), MVPA (≥488 counts per 15 s) and total physical activity (total counts). A break was considered as any interruption in sedentary time (≥25 counts per 15 s). Linear regression examined the independent association of sedentary time, breaks in sedentary time, MVPA and total physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health. Results: The sample comprised 878 participants; 153 from Project STAND (Sedentary Time And Diabetes) (age 32.9 ± 5.6 years, 28.8% male) and 725 from Walking Away from Diabetes (age 63.7 ± 7.8 years, 64.8% male). Following adjustment for various covariates, including MVPA and BMI, there were detrimental linear associations of sedentary time with 2 h plasma glucose (standardised beta coefficient) (β = 0.220, p < 0.001), triacylglycerol (β = 0.206, p = 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol (β = -0.123, p = 0.029). Breaks in sedentary time, total physical activity and MVPA were significantly inversely associated with measures of adiposity, but not with any other cardiometabolic variables after adjustment for sedentary time and BMI. Conclusions/interpretation: In adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, time spent sedentary is strongly and adversely associated with cardiometabolic health and may be a more important indicator of poor health than MVPA
Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ∼17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion

Significance:\ud
Cold and dry glacial-state climate conditions persisted in the Southern Hemisphere until approximately 17.7 ka, when paleoclimate records show a largely unexplained sharp, nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation. Detailed measurements in Antarctic ice cores document exactly at that time a unique, ∼192-y series of massive halogen-rich volcanic eruptions geochemically attributed to Mount Takahe in West Antarctica. Rather than a coincidence, we postulate that halogen-catalyzed stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica triggered large-scale atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate changes similar to the modern Antarctic ozone hole, explaining the synchronicity and abruptness of accelerated Southern Hemisphere deglaciation.\ud
\ud
Abstract:\ud
Glacial-state greenhouse gas concentrations and Southern Hemisphere climate conditions persisted until ∼17.7 ka, when a nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation was recorded in paleoclimate proxies in large parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with many changes ascribed to a sudden poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and subsequent climate impacts. We used high-resolution chemical measurements in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Byrd, and other ice cores to document a unique, ∼192-y series of halogen-rich volcanic eruptions exactly at the start of accelerated deglaciation, with tephra identifying the nearby Mount Takahe volcano as the source. Extensive fallout from these massive eruptions has been found >2,800 km from Mount Takahe. Sulfur isotope anomalies and marked decreases in ice core bromine consistent with increased surface UV radiation indicate that the eruptions led to stratospheric ozone depletion. Rather than a highly improbable coincidence, circulation and climate changes extending from the Antarctic Peninsula to the subtropics—similar to those associated with modern stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica—plausibly link the Mount Takahe eruptions to the onset of accelerated Southern Hemisphere deglaciation ∼17.7 ka
Angles Between Infinite Dimensional Subspaces with Applications to the
  Rayleigh-Ritz and Alternating Projectors Methods

We define angles from-to and between infinite dimensional subspaces of a
Hilbert space, inspired by the work of E. J. Hannan, 1961/1962 for general
canonical correlations of stochastic processes. The spectral theory of
selfadjoint operators is used to investigate the properties of the angles,
e.g., to establish connections between the angles corresponding to orthogonal
complements. The classical gaps and angles of Dixmier and Friedrichs are
characterized in terms of the angles. We introduce principal invariant
subspaces and prove that they are connected by an isometry that appears in the
polar decomposition of the product of corresponding orthogonal projectors.
Point angles are defined by analogy with the point operator spectrum. We bound
the Hausdorff distance between the sets of the squared cosines of the angles
corresponding to the original subspaces and their perturbations. We show that
the squared cosines of the angles from one subspace to another can be
interpreted as Ritz values in the Rayleigh-Ritz method, where the former
subspace serves as a trial subspace and the orthogonal projector of the latter
subspace serves as an operator in the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The Hausdorff
distance between the Ritz values, corresponding to different trial subspaces,
is shown to be bounded by a constant times the gap between the trial subspaces.
We prove a similar eigenvalue perturbation bound that involves the gap squared.
Finally, we consider the classical alternating projectors method and propose
its ultimate acceleration, using the conjugate gradient approach. The
corresponding convergence rate estimate is obtained in terms of the angles. We
illustrate a possible acceleration for the domain decomposition method with a
small overlap for the 1D diffusion equation.Comment: 22 pages. Accepted to Journal of Functional Analysi
Simultaneous multiwavelength observations of Markarian 421 during outburst\ud

We report on the results of two coordinated multiwavelength campaigns that focused on the blazar Markarian 421 during its 2006 and 2008 outbursts. These campaigns obtained UV and X-ray data using the XMM-Newton satellite, while the gamma-ray data were obtained utilizing three imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes, the Whipple 10 m telescope and VERITAS, both based in Arizona, as well as the MAGIC telescope, based on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The coordinated effort between the gamma-ray groups allowed for truly simultaneous data in UV/X-ray/gamma-ray wavelengths during a significant portion of the XMM-Newton observations. This simultaneous coverage allowed for a reliable search for correlations between UV, X-ray, and gamma-ray variability over the course of the observations. Investigations of spectral hysteresis and modeling of the spectral energy distributions are also presented.\u
Flexion relaxation phenomenon of back muscles in discriminating between healthy and chronic low back pain women

This paper describes the investigation of Surface Electromyography (sEMG) signals of back muscles during forward flexion and extension in healthy and low back pain (LBP) women. Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon (FRP) of EMG was observed and quantitatively analyzed. There were three groups of Malaysian women aged between 20 to 50 years old volunteers participated in this study. The groups were group 1, 2, and 3 which consist of 5 healthy women, 5 LBP patients with FRP and 5 LBP patients without FRP with respectively. Every participant was trained to perform two types of forward flexion; maximum forward flexion and 90Â° forward flexion with hands on the knees. The sEMG and the motion signals were recorded during forward flexion of the trunk at the back muscles. Four parameters were found to be statistically significant differences (p<0.001) amongst groups. These parameters are average RMS during full flexion, ratio between average RMS during full flexion and average RMS during standing, flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) and extension relaxation ratio (ERR). Â© 2008 Springer-Verlag
VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV): The public ESO near-IR
  variability survey of the Milky Way

We describe the public ESO near-IR variability survey (VVV) scanning the
Milky Way bulge and an adjacent section of the mid-plane where star formation
activity is high. The survey will take 1929 hours of observations with the
4-metre VISTA telescope during five years (2010-2014), covering ~10^9 point
sources across an area of 520 deg^2, including 33 known globular clusters and
~350 open clusters. The final product will be a deep near-IR atlas in five
passbands (0.9-2.5 microns) and a catalogue of more than 10^6 variable point
sources. Unlike single-epoch surveys that, in most cases, only produce 2-D
maps, the VVV variable star survey will enable the construction of a 3-D map of
the surveyed region using well-understood distance indicators such as RR Lyrae
stars, and Cepheids. It will yield important information on the ages of the
populations. The observations will be combined with data from MACHO, OGLE,
EROS, VST, Spitzer, HST, Chandra, INTEGRAL, WISE, Fermi LAT, XMM-Newton, GAIA
and ALMA for a complete understanding of the variable sources in the inner
Milky Way. This public survey will provide data available to the whole
community and therefore will enable further studies of the history of the Milky
Way, its globular cluster evolution, and the population census of the Galactic
Bulge and center, as well as the investigations of the star forming regions in
the disk. The combined variable star catalogues will have important
implications for theoretical investigations of pulsation properties of stars.Comment: accepted for publication in New Astronom
mK-STM Studies of the Temperature- and Field-dependence of the
  Quasiparticle Spectrum of Sr2RuO4

Atomic-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy is used to study the
spectrum of quasiparticle states in superconducting Sr2RuO4. The measured
temperature dependence of the quasiparticle spectrum is consistent with a
multi-band superconducting order parameter with one band exhibiting a line of
nodes, if a constant density of states offset can be ascribed to a surface
effect. In magnetic fields $H<H_{c2}$, a vortex lattice, square and oriented
parallel to the <110> direction of the RuO2 lattice, is detected by
spectroscopic imaging. Each vortex exhibits one flux quantum and a strong
zero-bias conductance peak.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Tails of Localized Density of States of Two-dimensional Dirac Fermions

The density of states of Dirac fermions with a random mass on a
two-dimensional lattice is considered. We give the explicit asymptotic form of
the single-electron density of states as a function of both energy and
(average) Dirac mass, in the regime where all states are localized. We make use
of a weak-disorder expansion in the parameter g/m^2, where g is the strength of
disorder and m the average Dirac mass for the case in which the evaluation of
the (supersymmetric) integrals corresponds to non-uniform solutions of the
saddle point equation. The resulting density of states has tails which deviate
from the typical pure Gaussian form by an analytic prefactor.Comment: 8 pages, REVTeX, 1 eps figure; to appear in Annalen der Physi
Nonminimal Derivative Couplings and Inflation in Generalized Theories of
  Gravity

We study extended theories of gravity where nonminimal derivative couplings
of the form $R^{kl}\phi_{, k}\phi_{, l}$ are present in the Lagrangian. We show
how and why the other couplings of similar structure may be ruled out and then
deduce the field equations and the related cosmological models. Finally, we get
inflationary solutions which do follow neither from any effective scalar field
potential nor from a cosmological constant introduced ``by hand'', and we show
the de Sitter space--time to be an attractor solution.Comment: 11 pages, Latex, to appear in Annals of Physics (Leipzig
Hard Exclusive Electroproduction of $\pi^+\pi^-$ Pairs

Hard exclusive electroproduction of $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs off hydrogen and
deuterium targets has been studied by the HERMES experiment at DESY. Legendre
moments $<P_1>$ and $<P_3>$ of the angular distributions of $\pi^+$ mesons in
the center-of-mass frame of the pair have been measured for the first time.
Their dependence on the $\pi^+\pi^-$ invariant mass can be understood as being
due to the interference between relative $P$-wave (isovector) and $S,D$-wave
(isoscalar) states of the two pions. % The increase in magnitude of $<P_1>$ as
Bjorken $x$ increases is interpreted in the framework of Generalized Parton
Distributions as an enhancement of flavour {non-singlet} $q\bar{q}$ exchange
for larger values of $x$, which leads to a sizable admixture of isoscalar and
isovector pion pairs. % In addition, the interference between {$P$-wave} and
{$D$-wave} states separately for transverse and longitudinal pion pairs has
been studied. The data indicate that at {$\la Q^2 \ra = 3 $ GeV$^2$} higher
twist effects can be as large as the leading-twist longitudinal componen