pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Free to be me: a survey study on customization with World of Warcraft and City Of Heroes/Villains players

AbstractWhile large amounts of resources are put into making games engaging, little is known about the effect of specific game features such as customization. This study is part of a larger research which focuses on the effect of customization on user motivation, enjoyment and engagement. The goals of this exploratory survey study were to investigate the importance of customization on players’ enjoyment and motivation to play, and the effectiveness of different forms of customizations on enjoyment and motivation. We also aimed to capture players’ reasons for specific game customizations, and investigate differences in gender, player experience in these areas
Assessing the overuse of antibiotics in children with URTIs in Saudi Arabia: Development of the parental perception on antibiotics scale (PAPA scale)

AbstractBackground: Antibiotic overuse is influenced by several factors that can only be measured using a valid and reliable psychosocial measurement instrument. This study aims to establish translation and early stage validation of an instrument recently developed by this research team to measure factors influencing the overuse of antibiotics in children with upper respiratory tract infections in Saudi Arabia.Method: The content evaluation panel was composed of area experts approached using the Delphi Technique. Experts were provided with the questionnaires iteratively, on a three-round basis until consensus on the relevance of items was reached independently. Translation was achieved by adapting Brislin’s model of translation.Results: After going through the iterative process with the experts, consensus was reached to 58 items (including demographics). Experts also pointed out some issues related to ambiguity and redundancy in some items. A final Arabic version was produced from the translation process.Conclusion: This study produced preliminary validation of the developed instrument from the experts’ contributions. Then, the instrument was translated from English to Arabic. The instrument will undergo further validation steps in the future, such as construct validity
Retrospective search for dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus in areas visited by a German traveler who contracted dengue in Japan

SummaryA German traveler developed dengue fever in late August 2013, following a direct flight from Germany. Autochthonous dengue virus (DENV) infection has not been reported in Japan. To evaluate the risk of autochthonous DENV transmission in Japan, the authors performed a retrospective search of the five areas visited by the German patient to determine the population density of dengue vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The annual mean temperature of each area was higher than 12°C, which is considered suitable for the establishment of A. albopictus populations. Our retrospective search revealed the population density of A. albopictus to be high in the urban areas of Japan
First determination of the CP content of D→π+π−π+π− and updated determination of the CP contents of D→π+π−π0 and D→K+K−π0

AbstractQuantum-correlated ψ(3770)→DD‾ decays collected by the CLEO-c experiment are used to perform a first measurement of F+4π, the fractional CP-even content of the self-conjugate decay D→π+π−π+π−, obtaining a value of 0.737±0.028. An important input to the measurement comes from the use of D→KS0π+π− and D→KL0π+π− decays to tag the signal mode. This same technique is applied to the channels D→π+π−π0 and D→K+K−π0, yielding F+πππ0=1.014±0.045±0.022 and F+KKπ0=0.734±0.106±0.054, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. These measurements are consistent with those of an earlier analysis, based on CP-eigenstate tags, and can be combined to give values of F+πππ0=0.973±0.017 and F+KKπ0=0.732±0.055. The results will enable the three modes to be included in a model-independent manner in measurements of the unitarity triangle angle γ using B∓→DK∓ decays, and in time-dependent studies of CP violation and mixing in the D0D‾0 system
Diabetes increases apoptosis and necrosis in both ischemic and nonischemic human myocardium: Role of caspases and poly–adenosine diphosphate–ribose polymerase

ObjectivesDiabetes is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery, but the reason is unclear. The aims of these studies, therefore, were to elucidate whether cell death is greater in ischemic and nonischemic diabetic human myocardium than in nondiabetic myocardium and to investigate the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe right atrial appendages (n = 8 per group) of patients without diabetes and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes were subjected to 90 minutes of simulated ischemia and 120 minutes reoxygenation. Tissue injury was measured by the release of creatine kinase into the media, and cellular apoptosis and necrosis were assessed in tissue by the terminal transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay and propidium iodide staining. Initiator and effector caspases activations were also measured.ResultsApoptosis and necrosis were greater in the type 2 and type 1 diabetes groups than in the nondiabetes group both in fresh tissue and after simulated ischemia–reoxygenation. Activation of effector caspases was also higher in the diabetes groups than in the nondiabetes group after simulated ischemia–reoxygenation. Caspase-3 inhibition reduced apoptosis in all study groups without influencing necrosis; however, poly–adenosine diphosphate–ribose polymerase inhibition resulted in a similar reduction in apoptosis and in necrosis in all groups, whereas caspase-2 inhibition did not.ConclusionsDiabetes increases both apoptosis and necrosis in human myocardium, both fresh and after being subjected to ischemia–reoxygenation, an effect that is mediated, at least in part, by caspase-3 and poly–adenosine diphosphate–ribose polymerase activation. These results may explain the increased cardiac-related morbidity and mortality associated with cardiac surgery in patients with diabetes
Theory of Tunable pH-Sensitive Vesicles of Anionic and Cationic Lipids or Anionic and Neutral Lipids

AbstractThe design of vesicles that become unstable at an easily tuned value of pH is of great interest for targeted drug delivery. We present a microscopic theory for two forms of such vesicles. A model of lipids introduced by us previously is applied to a system of ionizable anionic lipid and permanently charged cationic lipid. We calculate the pH at which the lamellar phase becomes unstable with respect to an inverted hexagonal one, a value that depends continuously on the system composition. Identifying this instability with that displayed by unilamellar vesicles undergoing fusion, we obtain very good agreement with the recent experimental data of Hafez, Ansell, and Cullis, (2000, Biophys. J. 79:1438–1446) on the pH at which fusion occurs versus vesicle composition. We explicate the mechanism in terms of the role of the counterions. This understanding suggests that a system of a neutral, nonlamellar-forming lipid stabilized by an anionic lipid would serve equally well for preparing tunable, pH-sensitive vesicles. Our calculations confirm this. Further, we show that both forms of vesicle have the desirable feature of exhibiting a regime in which the pH at instability is a rapidly varying function of the vesicle composition
PyFR: An open source framework for solving advection–diffusion type problems on streaming architectures using the flux reconstruction approach

AbstractHigh-order numerical methods for unstructured grids combine the superior accuracy of high-order spectral or finite difference methods with the geometric flexibility of low-order finite volume or finite element schemes. The Flux Reconstruction (FR) approach unifies various high-order schemes for unstructured grids within a single framework. Additionally, the FR approach exhibits a significant degree of element locality, and is thus able to run efficiently on modern streaming architectures, such as Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). The aforementioned properties of FR mean it offers a promising route to performing affordable, and hence industrially relevant, scale-resolving simulations of hitherto intractable unsteady flows within the vicinity of real-world engineering geometries. In this paper we present PyFR, an open-source Python based framework for solving advection–diffusion type problems on streaming architectures using the FR approach. The framework is designed to solve a range of governing systems on mixed unstructured grids containing various element types. It is also designed to target a range of hardware platforms via use of an in-built domain specific language based on the Mako templating engine. The current release of PyFR is able to solve the compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations on grids of quadrilateral and triangular elements in two dimensions, and hexahedral elements in three dimensions, targeting clusters of CPUs, and NVIDIA GPUs. Results are presented for various benchmark flow problems, single-node performance is discussed, and scalability of the code is demonstrated on up to 104 NVIDIA M2090 GPUs. The software is freely available under a 3-Clause New Style BSD license (see www.pyfr.org).Program summaryProgram title: PyFR v0.1.0Catalogue identifier: AETY_v1_0Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AETY_v1_0.htmlProgram obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. IrelandLicensing provisions: New style BSD licenseNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 12733No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 214183Distribution format: tar.gzProgramming language: Python, CUDA and C.Computer: Variable, up to and including GPU clusters.Operating system: Recent version of Linux/UNIX.RAM: Variable, from hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes.Classification: 6.5, 12.External routines: Python 2.7, numpy, PyCUDA, mpi4py, SymPy, MakoNature of problem:Compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations of fluid dynamics; potential for any advection–diffusion type problem.Solution method:High-order flux reconstruction approach suitable for curved, mixed, unstructured grids.Unusual features:Code makes extensive use of symbolic manipulation and runtime code generation through a domain specific language.Running time:Many small problems can be solved on a recent workstation in minutes to hours
Uniqueness results for nonlocal Hamilton–Jacobi equations

AbstractWe are interested in nonlocal eikonal equations describing the evolution of interfaces moving with a nonlocal, non-monotone velocity. For these equations, only the existence of global-in-time weak solutions is available in some particular cases. In this paper, we propose a new approach for proving uniqueness of the solution when the front is expanding. This approach simplifies and extends existing results for dislocation dynamics. It also provides the first uniqueness result for a Fitzhugh–Nagumo system. The key ingredients are some new perimeter estimates for the evolving fronts as well as some uniform interior cone property for these fronts
Diphoton decay for a 750 GeV scalar boson in a SU(6)⊗U(1)X model

AbstractWe propose a new SU(6)⊗U(1)X GUT model free from anomalies, with a 750 GeV scalar candidate which can decay into two photons, compatible with the recent diphoton signal reported by ATLAS and CMS collaborations. This model gives masses to all fermions and may explain the 750 GeV signal through one loop decays to γγ with charged vector and charged Higgs bosons, as well as up- and electron-like exotic particles that arise naturally from the condition of cancellation of anomalies of the SU(6)⊗U(1)X group. We obtain, for different width approximations, allowed mass regions from 900 GeV to 3 TeV for the exotic up-like quark, in agreement with ATLAS and CMS collaborations data
Intrinsic deviation from the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing in a class of A4 flavor models

AbstractIt is well known that the tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern V0 can be derived from a class of flavor models with the non-Abelian A4 symmetry. We point out that small corrections to V0, which are inherent in the A4 models and arise from both the charged-lepton and neutrino sectors, have been omitted in the previous works. We show that such corrections may lead the 3×3 neutrino mixing matrix V to a non-unitary deviation from V0, but they cannot result in a nonzero value of θ13 or any new CP-violating phases. Current experimental constraints on the unitarity of V allow us to constrain the model parameters to some extent
Empirical investigation on the dependence of TCP downstream throughput on SNR in an IEEE802.11b WLAN system

AbstractThe dependence of TCP downstream throughput (TCPdownT) on signal to noise ratio (SNR) in an IEEE802.11b WLAN system was investigated in various environments and varieties of QoS traffic. TCPdownT was measured for various SNR observed. An Infrastructure based IEEE802.11b WLAN system having networked computers on which measurement software were installed, was set up consecutively in various environments (open corridor, small offices with block walls and plaster boards and free space). Empirical models describing TCPdownT against SNR for different signal ranges (all ranges of signals, strong signals only, grey signals only and weak signals only) were statistically generated and validated. As the SNR values changed from high (strong signals) through low (grey signals) to very low (weak signals), our results show a strong dependence of TCPdownT on the received SNR. Our models showed lower RMS errors when compared with other similar models. We observed RMS errors of 0.6734791Mbps, 0.472209Mbps, 0.9111563Mbps and 0.5764460Mbps for general (all SNR) model, strong signals model, grey signals model and Weak signals model respectively. Our models will provide researchers and WLAN systems users with a tool to estimate the TCP downstream throughput in a real network in various environments by monitoring the received SNR
Crystal plasticity modelling and HR-DIC measurement of slip activation and strain localization in single and oligo-crystal Ni alloys under fatigue

AbstractSingle crystal (CMSX4) and oligocrystal (MAR002) nickel have been studied using three-point beam bending under conditions of cyclic loading. SEM images have enabled identification of slip activation, and high resolution digital image correlation has been utilized to quantify the developing strain fields and the strain localization in both single and oligocrystals in fatigue. The single and oligocrystal microstructures have been replicated within crystal plasticity finite element models and the fatigue loading analysed such that grain-by-grain comparisons of slip may be carried out. Single and multiple slip activation, slip localization and microstructure-sensitive stress evolution have been examined.Single crystal bend fatigue gives rise to non-symmetric slip fields and localization depending on crystallographic orientation. Modelling correctly captures slip activation and the developing non-symmetric slip fields. Oligocrystal slip is markedly heterogeneous, with grain misorientations driving strong variations, also reasonably captured by the model. Microstructure behaviour is found to vary spatially and include elastic-plastic hysteresis which is stable, and which undergoes mean stress relaxation so that plastic shakedown occurs. Remarkable variations occur between locations either side of grain boundaries, providing appropriate opportunities for fatigue crack nucleation
Does human papillomavirus-negative condylomata exist?

AbstractCondylomata acuminata is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). PCR with consensus primers will typically detect HPV in >96% of condylomata. Metagenomic sequencing has found that some “HPV-negative” condylomata do indeed contain HPV. We wished to perform a renewed evaluation of the “HPV-negative” condylomata using deeper metagenomics sequencing.Sequencing of whole genome amplified DNA from 40 apparently “HPV-negative” condylomata detected HPV in 37/40 specimens. We found 75 different HPV types, out of which 43 represented novel putative HPV types. Three types were cloned and established as HPV types 200, 201 and 202. Molluscum contagiosum virus was detected in 24 of the 40 samples.In summary, deep sequencing enables detection of HPV in almost all condylomata. “HPV-negative” condylomata might largely be explained by clinical misdiagnosis or the presence of viral variants, distantly related HPV types and/or low viral loads
Synthesis of azafluorenones and related compounds using deprotocupration–aroylation followed by intramolecular direct arylation

AbstractThe efficiency of the deprotocupration–aroylation of 2-chloropyridine using lithiocuprates prepared from CuX (X=Cl, Br) and LiTMP (TMP=2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidido, 2 equiv) was investigated. CuCl was identified as a more suitable copper source than CuBr for this purpose. Different diaryl ketones bearing a halogen at the 2 position of one of the aryl groups were synthesized in this way from azines and thiophenes. These were then involved in palladium-catalyzed ring closure: substrates underwent expected CH-activation-type arylation to afford fluorenone-type compounds, and were also subjected to cyclization reactions leading to xanthones, notably in the presence of oxygen-containing substituents or reagents
The process gg→WW as a probe into the EWSB mechanism

AbstractWe discuss the excellent prospects of the gluon–gluon fusion process gg→4f for the study of the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism (EWSB) at the LHC. This channel includes the longitudinal W-boson pair production through the subprocess tt¯→W+W−. The shape and magnitude of cross sections and distributions thus provide a powerful tool for determining the nature of a possible strongly interacting electroweak sector. In our analysis, we consider the exact matrix element at O(αsαem2), and we include all irreducible background coming from qq¯→4f. Purely leptonic final states, pp→lν¯lνl′l¯′, are numerically investigated by comparing the Standard Model with the no-Higgs scenario. We find that this channel is extremely sensitive to the regime of the interaction between gauge bosons. It can thus be associated to the traditionally used vector boson scattering (VBS) to improve the analysis of the EWSB physics at the LHC
Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12–15 years: data from 68 low-income and middle-income countries

SummaryBackgroundTobacco use is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases worldwide. However, the global extent and prevalence of tobacco use in adolescents is poorly described. Using previously collected survey data, we aimed to assess tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure in young adolescents aged 12–15 years in 68 low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsWe used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2006–13) and the China Global Tobacco Youth Survey (2013), which are school-based surveys of young adolescents aged 12–15 years that assess health behaviours using a standardised, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire. We calculated the prevalence of current tobacco use and exposure to second-hand smoke in young adolescents from 68 low-income and middle-income countries that collected these data in the surveys. We used a multilevel model to estimate the association between parental tobacco use, second-hand smoke, and adolescent tobacco use, adjusting for sex, age, school, school class, country's purchasing power parity, smoking initiation age, national prevalence of tobacco use among adults, year the WHO FCTC was ratified for each country, proxy of socioeconomic status, and survey year.FindingsThe mean prevalence of current tobacco use was 13·6%, ranging from 2·8% in Tajikistan to 44·7% in Samoa. In most countries, the prevalence of tobacco use was higher for boys than girls, and higher for adolescents aged 14–15 years than for those aged 12–13 years. The overall prevalence of second-hand smoke exposure was 55·9%, ranging from 16·4% in Tajikistan to 85·4% in Indonesia. Parental tobacco use (as reported by the young adolescents), especially maternal use, was associated with tobacco use in young adolescents (odds ratio 2·06, 95% CI 1·93–2·19, for maternal and 1·29, 1·23–1·35 for paternal use). Second-hand smoke exposure was also a risk factor for young adolescents' tobacco use (2·56, 2·43–2·69). However, the prevalence of tobacco use was not associated with a country's purchasing power parity.InterpretationTobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure were frequent among young adolescents aged 12–15 years in low-income and middle-income countries. Parental tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure were strongly associated with young adolescents' tobacco use. The data emphasise the need to strengthen tobacco control interventions and programmes in young adolescents from low-income and middle-income countries.FundingThis work was partly supported by the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University (2015WLJH51), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2012HQ033), and the National Natural Science Foundation (81302496)
P-wave resonant state of the HeΣ4 hypernucleus in the He4(K−,π−) reaction

AbstractWe theoretically investigate a possible existence of a p-wave HeΣ4 resonant state with Jπ=1−, T≃1/2 above the Σ threshold, using a coupled (3N–Λ)+(3N–Σ) model with a spreading potential. We calculate inclusive and Σ–Λ conversion π− spectra in a He4(K−,π−) reaction at 1.5 GeV/c, θlab=4–12° by the Green's function method in a distorted-wave impulse approximation. The pole position for the p-wave Σ resonant state in HeΣ4 is determined on the Riemann sheets in the complex E plane. The result shows that a peak of the HeΣ4 resonant state is clearly obtained in the conversion spectra above the Σ threshold, and that the angular distributions of these spectra enable extraction of the contribution of the resonant state from the π− spectra. Effects of the Σ-nucleus potential and the interference between Λ and Σ on the spectra are also discussed