pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Nickel(II) complexes having Imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylurea ligand in the coordination sphere - Syntheses and solid state structures

We report the syntheses and structural studies of two nickel(II) complexes of imidazol-2-ylidene- N′-phenylureate ligand of composition [{Im tBuNCON(H)Ph}2Ni(acac)2](1) and [(C6H5NH2)2Ni(acac)2][ImMes NCON(H)Ph] (2). The nickel complex 1 was readily prepared by the reaction of nickel(II) acetylacetonate [Ni(acac)2] with imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand [Im tBuNCON(H)Ph] (L1) in THF under reflux condition for 72 h. The nickel complex 2 was obtained by the reaction of [Ni(acac)2], mesityl derivative of imidazol-2-ylidene-N′-phenylureate ligand [Im MesNCON(H)Ph] (L2) in the presence of aniline as base under reflux condition in THF. Both the paramagnetic complexes have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Solid-state structures of both the new complexes were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In the molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2, each nickel(II) ion is six fold coordinated and form a distorted octahedral geometry. The optical properties of both complexes have been explored. The Hirshfeld surfaces are used to view and analyze the intermolecular contacts in crystalline state for complex 2
A Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy procedure for micropatterning Al2O3-thin films deposited on a platinum substrate.

A scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) procedure for patterning alumina thin films deposited onto a platinum film (Pt/Al2O3) was investigated. The alumina surface was locally etched by hydroxide ions, which were generated at platinum microelectrodes, by exploiting the hydrogen evolution process in aqueous solutions. The local base-induced dissolution of Al2O3 to soluble AlO2- species allowed the exposure of the underlying platinum, which resulted in well-defined conducting spots embedded within an insulating matrix. Reproducibility of the spots was achieved by adding to the electrolyte solutions amounts of EDTA, which acted as a scavenger for OH- ions, while allowed the complexation of the aluminium ions formed at the sample surface during the wet etching process. The effects of electrolysis time, tip to substrate distance and overall tip dimension on the shape and size of the conducting spots were investigated in detail. Furthermore, the possibility to create complex patterns with the optimised etching procedure was also shown
The dynamics of homeownership among the 50+ in Europe

We use life history data covering households in thirteen European countries to analyse residential moves past age 50. We observe four types of moves: renting to owning, owning to renting, trading up or trading down for home-owners. We find that in the younger group (aged 50-64) trading up and purchase decisions prevail; in the older group (65+), trading down and selling are more common. Overall, moves are rare, particularly in countries characterized by high transaction costs. Most moves are driven by changes in household composition (divorce, widowhood, nest-leaving by children), but economic factors play a role: low income households who are house-rich and cash-poor are more likely to sell their home late in life
GRB 120711A: an intense INTEGRAL burst with long-lasting soft            γ-ray          emission and a powerful optical flash

International audienceA long and intense γ-ray burst (GRB) was detected by INTEGRAL on 11 July          2012 with a duration of           ~115 s          and fluence of 2.8 × 10-4 erg cm-2 in the 20 keV−8 MeV energy range. GRB 120711A was at            z ~ 1.405          and produced soft γ-ray emission (>20 keV) for at          least ~10 ks after the          trigger. The GRB was observed by several ground-based telescopes that detected a powerful          optical flash peaking at an R-band brightness of ~11.5 mag at ~126 s after the trigger, or ~9th magnitude when corrected for the host          galaxy extinction (AV ~ 0.85). The X-ray afterglow was          monitored by the Swift, XMM-Newton, and Chandra          observatories from 8 ks to 7 Ms and provides evidence for a jet break at            ~0.9 Ms. We present a          comprehensive temporal and spectral analysis of the long-lasting soft γ-ray emission detected in          the 20−200 keV band with          INTEGRAL/IBIS, the Fermi/LAT post-GRB detection above 100 MeV, the soft          X-ray afterglow and the optical/near-infrared detections from Watcher, Skynet/PROMPT,          GROND, and REM. The prompt emission had a very hard spectrum (Epeak ~ 1 MeV)          and yields an Eγ,iso ~            1054 erg (1 keV−10 MeV rest frame), making GRB 120711A one of the most energetic GRBs          detected so far. We modelled the long-lasting soft γ-ray emission using the          standard afterglow scenario, which indicates a forward shock origin. The combination of          data extending from the near-infrared to GeV energies suggest that the emission is          produced by a broken power-law spectrum consistent with synchrotron radiation. The          afterglow is well modelled using a stratified wind-like environment with a density profile            k ~ 1.2,          suggesting a massive star progenitor (i.e. Wolf-Rayet) with a mass-loss rate between            ~10-5−10-6 M⊙ yr-1 depending on the value of the          radiative efficiency (ηγ = 0.2 or 0.5). The          analysis of the reverse and forward shock emission reveals an initial Lorentz factor of            ~120−340, a jet half-opening angle of            ~2°−5°, and a baryon          load of ~10-5 −            10-6 M⊙ consistent with the expectations of          the fireball model when the emission is highly relativistic. Long-lasting soft            γ-ray          emission from other INTEGRAL GRBs with high peak fluxes, such as GRB 041219A, was not          detected, suggesting that a combination of high Lorentz factor, emission above 100 MeV,          and possibly a powerful reverse shock are required. Similar long-lasting soft            γ-ray          emission has recently been observed from the nearby and extremely bright            Fermi/LAT burst GRB 130427A
Isoscalar response of $^{68}$Ni to $\alpha$-particle and deuteron probes

Exprérience GANIL/LISE/MAYAInternational audienceIsoscalar giant resonances have been measured in the unstable Ni68 nucleus using inelastic alpha and deuteron scattering at 50A MeV in inverse kinematics with the active target MAYA at GANIL. Using alpha scattering, the extracted isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) centroid was determined to be 21.1±1.9 MeV and the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance (ISGQR) to be 15.9±1.3 MeV. Indications for soft isoscalar monopole and dipole modes are provided. Results obtained with both (α,α′) and (d,d′) probes are compatible. The evolution of isoscalar giant resonances along the Ni isotopic chain from Ni56 to Ni68 is discussed
Transient effects in highly-excited fissioning systems

Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.International audienceIn this work we report the proton- and deuteron-induced fission of 208Pb at 500A MeV ininverse kinematics. We obtained two observables that allow us to investigate dynamical effectsin the fission process: partial fission cross sections and the width of the fission fragment chargedistribution as a function of the atomic number of the fissioning system. Results are comparedto nuclear reaction model calculations in order to describe the evolution of the system fromground to saddle
In gas laser ionization and spectroscopy experiments at the Superconducting Separator Spectrometer (S3): Conceptual studies and preliminary design

International audienceThe results of preparatory experiments and the preliminary designs of a new in-gas laser ionization and spectroscopy setup, to be coupled to the Super Separator Spectrometer S3 of SPIRAL2-GANIL, are reported. Special attention is given to the development and tests to carry out a full implementation of the in-gas jet laser spectroscopy technique. Application of this novel technique to radioactive species will allow highsensitivity and enhanced-resolution laser spectroscopy studies of ground- and excited-state properties of exotic nuclei
Optimisation of accurate rutile $TiO_2$ (110), (100), (101) and (001) surface models from periodic DFT calculations

In this paper, geometric bulk parameters, bulk moduli, energy gaps and relative stabilities of the TiO2 anatase and rutile phases were determined from periodic DFT calculations. Then, for the rutile phase, structures, relaxations and surface energies of the (110), (100), (101) and (001) faces were computed. The calculated surface energies are consistent with the natural rutile powder composition, even if a dependence on the number of layers of the slab used to model the surface was identified. Internal constraints, consisting in freezing some internal layers of the slab to atomic bulk positions, were thus added to mimic the bulk hardness in order to stabilise the computed surface energies for thinner systems. In parallel, the influence of pseudopotentials was studied and it appears that four valence electrons for titanium atoms are sufficient. The aim of this study was to optimise accurate rutile TiO2 surface models that will be used in further calculations to investigate water and uranyl ion sorption mechanisms
Knowledge industry and competitiveness: Economic trajectories of French cities since the 1960s

International audienceThe French economy, as well as those of mature industrialized countries, is going through a period of intense change. This period is characterized by two major (and interrelated) trends: (a) a transition from the industrial age to what is more and more commonly referred to as the “age of the knowledge economy” and (b) a redrawing of economic geography at a global scale. Numerous studies analyze the spatial impact of this change, and especially on cities. They focus on larger cities (globalization, metropolisation) and on specific territories (industrial districts, clusters…). Furthermore, the attention is put on location of innovation, innovative products, firms or activities, using mostly one-dimensional indicators (patents, scientific publication…). We propose to discuss the adaptation of cities to the economic change in the context of a more general pattern. More precisely we analyze the linkage between the innovation process and the structure of urban systems. The structure of urban systems is a persistent configuration of relative and relational properties differentiating cities. The major structural features shared by all city systems are hierarchical differentiation and socio-economic specialization of cities. Feedback processes can be observed, through which social and technological change occurs in every town and city, while the particular features of this propagation of innovation determine functional and size differentiation among cities. While most innovations induce smooth change, without any deep structural transformation and only slightly affect the urban hierarchy (cities are co-evolving), some of them emerge in correlated bundles, which can accelerate the hierarchization process, or even lead to the emergence of new types of cities, via specialization.In order to assess this theory, we lead detailed analysis of the evolution of economic specializations of French cities, especially by the observation of Knowledge-creating Services (KCS). Our aim is to show how the urban hierarchy is linked to the hierarchical process of diffusion of innovation, spatial division of labor and dynamics of competition between cities.We built a harmonized database on French cities (aires urbaines) depending on the proportion of employment in around 30 sectors of economic activity from the 1960’s. Using factor analysis, we can finely describe the adaptation of each city to economic change, which then draw real trajectories
Superfluid high REynolds von Kármán experiment

International audienceThe Superfluid High REynolds von Kármán experiment facility exploits the capacities of a high cooling power refrigerator (400 W at 1.8 K) for a large dimension von Kármán flow (inner diameter 0.78 m), which can work with gaseous or subcooled liquid (He-I or He-II) from room temperature down to 1.6 K. The flow is produced between two counter-rotating or co-rotating disks. The large size of the experiment allows exploration of ultra high Reynolds numbers based on Taylor microscale and rms velocity [S. B. Pope, Turbulent Flows (Cambridge University Press, 2000)] (R λ > 10000) or resolution of the dissipative scale for lower Re. This article presents the design and first performance of this apparatus. Measurements carried out in the first runs of the facility address the global flow behavior: calorimetric measurement of the dissipation, torque and velocity measurements on the two turbines. Moreover first local measurements (micro-Pitot, hot wire,. . .) have been installed and are presented. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897542
Combining calcium imaging with other optical techniques.
 : 
Ca 2+ Imaging and Other Optical Techniques

International audienceCa(2+) imaging is a commonly used approach for measuring Ca(2+) signals at high spatial resolution. The method is often combined with electrode recordings to correlate electrical and chemical signals or to investigate Ca(2+) signals following an electrical stimulation. To obtain information on electrical activity at the same spatial resolution, Ca(2+) imaging must be combined with membrane potential imaging. Similarly, stimulation of subcellular compartments requires photostimulation. Thus, combining Ca(2+) imaging with an additional optical technique facilitates the study of a number of physiological questions. The aim of this article is to introduce some basic principles regarding the combination of Ca(2+) imaging with other optical techniques. We discuss the design of the optics, the design of experimental protocols, the optical characteristics of Ca(2+) indicators used in combination with an optical probe, and the affinity of the Ca(2+) indicator in relation to the type of measurement. This information will enable the reader to devise an optimal strategy for combined optical experiments
A discontinuous Galerkin scheme for front propagation with obstacles

International audienceWe are interested in front propagation problems in the presence of obstacles. We extend a previous work (Bokanowski, Cheng and Shu, SIAM J. Scient. Comput., 2011), to propose a simple and direct discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method adapted to such front propagation problems. We follow the formulation of (Bokanowski, Forcadel and Zidani, SIAM J. Control Optim. 2010), leading to a level set formulation driven by $\min(u_t + H(x,\nabla u), u-g(x))=0$, where $g(x)$ is an obstacle function. The DG scheme is motivated by the variational formulation when the Hamiltonian $H$ is a linear function of $\nabla u$, corresponding to linear convection problems in presence of obstacles. The scheme is then generalized to nonlinear equations, written in an explicit form. Stability analysis are performed for the linear case with Euler forward, a Heun scheme and a Runge-Kutta third order time discretization using the technique proposed in (Zhang and Shu, SIAM J. Control and Optim., 2010). Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the robustness of the method. Finally, a narrow band approach is considered in order to reduce the computational cost
Synchronisation and control of proliferation in cycling cell population models with age structure

International audienceWe present and analyse in this article a mathematical question with a biological origin, the theoretical treatment of which may have far-reaching implications in the practical treatment of cancers. Starting from biological and clinical observations on cancer cells, tumourbearing laboratory rodents, and patients with cancer, we ask from a theoretical biology viewpoint questions that may be transcribed, using physiologically based modelling of cell proliferation dynamics, into mathematical questions. We then show how recent fluorescence-based image modelling techniques performed at the single cell level in proliferating cell populations allow to identify model parameters and how this may be applied to investigate healthy and cancer cell populations. Finally, we show how this modelling approach allows us to design original optimisation methods for anticancer therapeutics, in particular chronotherapeutics, by controlling eigenvalues of the differential operators underlying the cell proliferation dynamics, in tumour and in healthy cell populations. We propose a numerical algorithm to implement these principles
Non-Canonical Inflection: Data, Formalisation and Complexity Measures

International audienceNon-canonical inflection (suppletion, deponency, heteroclisis...) is extensively studied in theoretical approaches to morphology. However, these studies often lack practical implementations associated with large-scale lexica. Yet these are precisely the requirements for objective comparative studies on the complexity of morphological descriptions. We show how a model of inflectional morphology which can rep- resent many non-canonical phenomena (Walther, 2011), as well as a formalisation and an implementation thereof can be used to evaluate the complexity of competing morphological descriptions. After illustrating the properties of the model with data about French, Latin, Italian, Persian and Sorani Kurdish verbs and about noun classes from Croatian and Slovak we expose experiments conducted on the complexity of four competing descriptions of French verbal inflection. The complexity is evaluated using the information-theoretic concept of description length. We show that the new concepts introduced in the model by Walther (2011) enable reducing the complexity of morphological descriptions w.r.t. both traditional or more recent models
Assessment of biowaste losses through unsound waste management practices in rural areas and the role of home composting

International audienceThe paper examines the biowaste management issues across rural areas of Romania in the context of poor waste management infrastructure in the last decade (2003-2012). Biowaste is the main fraction of municipal waste, thus a proper management is a key challenge in order to sustain a bioeconomy in the near future. The amount of biowaste generated and uncollected by waste operators is generally uncontrolled disposed if not recovered through home composting. The paper points out the role of home composting in diverting the biowaste from wild dumps and landfills for the regions covered or not by waste collection services. Home composting and the biowaste losses are further assessed based on several scenarios (worse-case, pessimistic, realistic, optimistic) where the net loads of greenhouse gasses (GHG) are calculated at national and regional levels. The transition of home composting techniques, from open piles to plastic bins with respect to standard guidelines will improve the home composting performance in terms of compost quality and net GHG's savings, supporting a bio-based economy which will lead towards a sustainable rural development. Regional disparities are revealed across Romanian counties and the paper opens new research perspectives regarding which options should be adopted by counties and rural municipalities in the biowaste management process
Quality of Service in the Long Tail: Narratives and the Exploitation of Soft Metadata

Part 1: Organizational Semiotics: Theory and ConceptsInternational audienceThe fuzzier domains of social life come into the scope of information science. Below a method is presented that deals with exception handling or also the long tail. It is based upon the Peirce inspired KiF-model. But this time the goal is not to describe procedures or to model elicitation processes, the goal is to develop meaningful sensors that at the same time structure the analysis of the problem and facilitates the access of a database filled with stories. The domain of application is the Dutch educational system
Remarkable polyhedra related to set functions, games and capacities

International audienceSet functions are widely used in many domains of Operations Research (cooperative game theory, decision under risk and uncertainty, combinatorial optimization) under different names (TU-game, capacity, nonadditive measure, pseudo-Boolean function, etc.). Remarkable families of set functions form polyhedra, e.g., the polytope of capacities, the polytope of p-additive capacities, the cone of supermodular games, etc. Also, the core of a set function, defined as the set of additive set functions dominating that set function, is a polyhedron which is of fundamental importance in game theory, decicion making and com-binatorial optimization. This survey paper gives an overview of these notions and studies all these polyhedra
The Structure and Dynamics of Co Citation Clusters: A Multiple Perspective Co-Citation Analysis.

International audienceA multiple-perspective co-citation analysis method is introduced for characterizing and interpreting the structure and dynamics of co-citation clusters. The method facilitates analytic and sense making tasks by integrating network visualization, spectral clustering, automatic cluster labeling, and text summarization. Co-citation networks are decomposed into co-citation clusters. The interpretation of these clusters is augmented by automatic cluster labeling and summarization. The method focuses on the interrelations between a co-citation cluster's members and their citers. The generic method is applied to a three-part analysis of the field of Information Science as defined by 12 journals published between 1996 and 2008: 1) a comparative author co-citation analysis (ACA), 2) a progressive ACA of a time series of co-citation networks, and 3) a progressive document co-citation analysis (DCA). Results show that the multiple- perspective method increases the interpretability and accountability of both ACA and DCA networks
The development of facial emotion recognition : the role of configural information

International audienceThe development of children's ability to recognize facial emotions and the role of configural information in this development were investigated. In the study, 100 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and 26 adults needed to recognize the emotion displayed by upright and upside-down faces. The same participants needed to recognize the emotion displayed by the top half of an upright or upside-down face that was or was not aligned with a bottom half that displayed another emotion. The results showed that the ability to recognize facial emotion develops with age, with a developmental course that depends on the emotion to be recognized. Moreover, children at all ages and adults exhibited both an inversion effect and a composite effect, suggesting that children rely on configural information to recognize facial emotions