pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Evaporation of Microscopic Black Holes in String Theory and the Bound on Species

We address the question how string compactifications with D-branes are consistent with the black hole bound, which arises in any theory with number of particle species to which the black holes can evaporate. For the Kaluza-Klein particles, both longitudinal and transversal to the D-branes, it is relatively easy to see that the black hole bound is saturated, and the geometric relations can be understood in the language of species-counting. We next address the question of the black hole evaporation into the higher string states and discover, that contrary to the naive intuition, the exponentially growing number of Regge states does not preclude the existence of semi-classical black holes of sub-stringy size. Our analysis indicates that the effective number of string resonances to which such micro black holes evaporate is not exponentially large but is bounded by N = 1/g_s^2, which suggests the interpretation of the well-known relation between the Planck and string scales as the saturation of the black hole bound on the species number. In addition, we also discuss some other issues in D-brane compactifications with a low string scale of order TeV, such as the masses of light moduli fields
Transcriptome classification of HCC is related to gene alterations and to new therapeutic targets.
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Transcriptome and HCC classification

Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that differ in risk factors and genetic alterations. We further investigated transcriptome-genotype-phenotype correlations in HCC. Global transcriptome analyses were performed on 57 HCCs and 3 hepatocellular adenomas and validated by quantitative RT-PCR using 63 additional HCCs. We determined loss of heterozygosity, gene mutations, promoter methylation of CDH1 and CDKN2A, and HBV DNA copy number for each tumor. Unsupervised transcriptome analysis identified 6 robust subgroups of HCC (G1-G6) associated with clinical and genetic characteristics. G1 tumors were associated with low copy number of HBV and overexpression of genes expressed in fetal liver and controlled by parental imprinting. G2 included HCCs infected with a high copy number of HBV and mutations in PIK3CA and TP53. In these first groups, we detected specific activation of the AKT pathway. G3 tumors were typified by mutation of TP53 and overexpression of genes controlling the cell cycle. G4 was a heterogeneous subgroup of tumors including TCF1-mutated hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. G5 and G6 were strongly related to beta-catenin mutations that lead to Wnt pathway activation; in particular, G6 tumors were characterized by satellite nodules, higher activation of the Wnt pathway, and E-cadherin underexpression. CONCLUSION: These results have furthered our understanding of the genetic diversity of human HCC and have provided specific identifiers for classifying tumors. In addition, our classification has potential therapeutic implications because 50% of the tumors were related to WNT or AKT pathway activation, which potentially could be targeted by specific inhibiting therapies
Tree species identification on large-scale aerial photographs in a tropical rain forest, French Guiana—application for management and conservation

International audienceManagement and conservation planning of any ecosystem requires knowledge of species composition. This is a real challenge in tropical rain forests that are characterised by very high species richness and canopy access limitations. The possibility of approaching trees from remote sensing on large-scale aerial photographs, takes on its full significance in this context. Results of tree species identification by photo-interpretation in a French Guianan forest canopy are discussed, as well as an overview of the part of the forest accessible from the photographs. Two sets of aerial photographs were used. One set (1:3700 colour slides) covers 15 ha of primary forest, divided into a training set (TS, 5 ha) and a validation set (VS 1: 10 ha). Another validation set, taken in different conditions of acquisition, scale and season, is available for an adjacent area (VS 2: 6.5 ha). Aerial photographs captured a quarter of the tree community (dbh ! 10 cm) on average, and about 45% of the SGS (Species or Group of Species) on the training set. The crown appearance of 12 major canopy SGS, including commercial species and species of ecological interest, had been described in a previous work on the same training set. Following these descriptions, two photo-interpreters separately identified 309 tree crowns overall on VS 1, with a good agreement in their respective judgements. After their interpretations were checked in the field, the overall average identification success was high (87%) but the results varied according to the SGS. The results on VS 2 showed that some species displayed major seasonal and scale variations and were hardly recognized, whereas some others could be identified without modifying the learning process. The results are encouraging and this work will be extended as the identification of tropical rain forest trees from remote sensing has many applications, ranging from fundamental ecological knowledge of canopy species to the management and conservation of such highly diverse and hardly inventoried ecosystems
Feasibility of capecitabine and oxaliplatin combination (XELOX) chemotherapy without central venous access device in patients with stage III colorectal cancer

International audienceBackground 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) is a standard adjuvant treatment for patients with stage III colon cancer (CC). Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine and administration of oxaliplatin does not necessarily require the insertion of a central venous access device (CVAD). We evaluated the feasibility of XELOX without CVAD as adjuvant treatment in stage III CC patients. Patients and Methods We retrospectively studied prospectively collected data from stage III CC patients treated with XELOX in the IDEA French trial. Patients were divided into two groups: CVAD and peripheral venous access (PVA) including patients who had and did not have CVAD at the first cycle of chemotherapy, respectively. Chemotherapy without CVAD was considered feasible if administered in all cycles of adjuvant therapy. Results In total, 203 patients were included: 86 (43%) in the PVA group, and 116 (57%) in the CVAD group. Of 85 patients treated in the PVA group, 69 (81.2%) did not require the insertion of a CVAD and 16 (18.8%) had CVAD insertion due to systematic delay of the initially planned CVAD before the second cycle of chemotherapy (n = 7), complications related to PVA usage (n = 5), switch to the modified FOLFOX6 regimen (n = 2), or other reasons (n = 2). Oxaliplatin dose was similar in both groups regardless chemotherapy duration. XELOX without CVAD was feasible in 81.2% of patient for whom CVAD was not planned before chemotherapy and in 88.4% for whom chemotherapy was planned without the use of CVAD. Conclusion XELOX chemotherapy without CVAD is a feasible approach for treating stage III CC patients in the adjuvant settin
Molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinoma.

International audienceHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent tumour derived from the malignant transformation of hepatocytes. It is well established that cancer is a disease of the genome and, as in other types of solid tumours, a large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations are accumulated during the hepatocarcinogenesis process. Recent developments using comprehensive genomic tools have enabled the identification of the molecular diversity in human HCC. Consequently, several molecular classifications have been described using different approaches and important progress has been made particularly with the transcriptomic, genetic, chromosomal, miRNA and methylation profiling. On the whole, all these molecular classifications are related and one of the major determinants of the identified subgroups of tumours are gene mutations found in oncogenes and tumour suppressors. However, the full understanding of the HCC molecular classification requires additional comprehensive studies using both genomic and pathway analyses. Finally, a refinement of the molecular classification of HCC, taking into account the geographical and genetic diversity of the patients, will be essential for an efficient design of the forthcoming personalized clinical treatments
Time-Series Constraints: Improvements and Application in CP and MIP Contexts

International audienceA checker for a constraint on a variable sequence can often be compactly specified by an automaton, possibly with accumulators, that consumes the sequence of values taken by the variables; such an automaton can also be used to decompose its specified constraint into a conjunction of logical constraints. The inference achieved by this decomposition in a CP solver can be boosted by automatically generated implied constraints on the accumulators, provided the latter are updated in the automaton transitions by linear expressions. Automata with non-linear accumulator updates can be automatically synthesised for a large family of time-series constraints. In this paper, we describe and evaluate extensions to those techniques. First, we improve the automaton synthesis to generate automata with fewer accumulators. Second, we decompose a constraint specified by an automaton with accumulators into a conjunction of linear inequalities, for use by a MIP solver. Third, we generalise the implied constraint generation to cover the entire family of time-series constraints. The newly synthesised automata for time-series constraints outperform the old ones, for both the CP and MIP decompositions, and the generated implied constraints boost the inference, again for both the CP and MIP decompositions. We evaluate CP and MIP solvers on a prototypical application modelled using time-series constraints
How much does emotional valence of action outcomes affect temporal binding?

© 2016 The Authors Temporal binding refers to the compression of the perceived time interval between voluntary actions and their sensory consequences. Research suggests that the emotional content of an action outcome can modulate the effects of temporal binding. We attempted to conceptually replicate these findings using a time interval estimation task and different emotionally-valenced action outcomes (Experiments 1 and 2) than used in previous research. Contrary to previous findings, we found no evidence that temporal binding was affected by the emotional valence of action outcomes. After validating our stimuli for equivalence of perceived emotional valence and arousal (Experiment 3), in Experiment 4 we directly replicated Yoshie and Haggard's (2013) original experiment using sound vocalizations as action outcomes and failed to detect a significant effect of emotion on temporal binding. These studies suggest that the emotional valence of action outcomes exerts little influence on temporal binding. The potential implications of these findings are discussed
Electrical and magnetic properties of the complete solid solution series between SrRuO3 and LaRhO3: Filling t2g versus tilting

A complete solid solution series between the t2g^4 perovskite ferromagnet SrRuO3 and the diamagnetic t2g^6 perovskite LaRhO3 has been prepared. The evolution with composition x in (SrRuO3)(1-x)(LaRhO3)(x) of the crystal structure and electrical and magnetic properties has been studied and is reported here. As x increases, the octahedral tilt angle gradually increases, along with the pseudocubic lattice parameter and unit cell volume. Electrical resistivity measurements reveal a compositionally driven metal to insulator transition between x = 0.1 and 0.2. Ferromagnetic ordering gives over to glassy magnetism for x > 0.3 and no magnetic ordering is found above 2 K for x > 0.5. M_sat and Theta_CW decrease with increasing x and remain constant after x = 0.5. The magnetism appears poised between localized and itinerant behavior, and becomes more localized with increasing x as evidenced by the evolution of the Rhodes-Wohlfarth ratio. mu_eff per Ru is equal to the quenched spin-only S value across the entire solid solution. Comparisons with Sr(1-x)Ca(x)RuO3 reinforce the important role of structural distortions in determining magnetic ground state. It is suggested that electrical transport and magnetic properties are not strongly coupled in this system
First spatial separation of a heavy ion isomeric beam with a multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Abstract211Po ions in the ground and isomeric states were produced via 238U projectile fragmentation at 1000 MeV/u. The 211Po ions were spatially separated in flight from the primary beam and other reaction products by the fragment separator FRS. The ions were energy-bunched, slowed-down and thermalized in a gas-filled cryogenic stopping cell (CSC). They were then extracted from the CSC and injected into a high-resolution multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF-MS). The excitation energy of the isomer and, for the first time, the isomeric-to-ground state ratio were determined from the measured mass spectrum. In the subsequent experimental step, the isomers were spatially separated from the ions in the ground state by an ion deflector and finally collected with a silicon detector for decay spectroscopy. This pioneering experimental result opens up unique perspectives for isomer-resolved studies. With this versatile experimental method new isomers with half-lives longer than a few milliseconds can be discovered and their decay properties can be measured with highest sensitivity and selectivity. These experiments can be extended to studies with isomeric beams in nuclear reactions
The IASLC/ITMIG Thymic Epithelial Tumors Staging Project: Proposals for the T component for the Forthcoming (8th) Edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors

Despite longstanding recognition of thymic epithelial neoplasms, there is no official American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control stage classification. This article summarizes proposals for classification of the T component of stage classification for use in the 8th edition of the tumor, node, metastasis classification for malignant tumors. This represents the output of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer and the International Thymic Malignancies Interest Group Staging and Prognostics Factor Committee, which assembled and analyzed a worldwide database of 10,808 patients with thymic malignancies from 105 sites. The committee proposes division of the T component into four categories, representing levels of invasion. T1 includes tumors localized to the thymus and anterior mediastinal fat, regardless of capsular invasion, up to and including infiltration through the mediastinal pleura. Invasion of the pericardium is designated as T2. T3 includes tumors with direct involvement of a group of mediastinal structures either singly or in combination: lung, brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, chest wall, and phrenic nerve. Invasion of more central structures constitutes T4: aorta and arch vessels, intrapericardial pulmonary artery, myocardium, trachea, and esophagus. Size did not emerge as a useful descriptor for stage classification. This classification of T categories, combined with a classification of N and M categories, provides a basis for a robust tumor, node, metastasis classification system for the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control stage classification
Photoproduction of neutral pions off protons

Photoproduction of neutral pions has been studied with the CBELSA/TAPS detector in the reaction gamma p -&gt; p pi(0) for photon energies between 0.85 and 2.50 GeV. The pi(0) mesons are observed in their dominant neutral decay mode: pi(0) -&gt; gamma gamma. For the first time, the differential cross sections cover the very forward region, theta(c.m.) &lt; 60 degrees. A partial-wave analysis of these data within the Bonn-Gatchina framework observes the high-mass resonances G(17)(2190), D(13)(2080), and D(15)(2070)
The purification and characterisation of novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity from bovine serum

The discovery of a potentially novel proline-specific peptidase from bovine serum is presented which is capable of cleaving the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) substrate Gly-Pro-MCA. The enzyme was isolated and purified with the use of Phenyl Sepharose Hydrophobic Interaction, Sephacryl S300 Gel Filtration, and Q-Sephacryl Anion Exchange, producing an overall purification factor of 257. SDS PAGE resulted in a monomeric molecular mass of 158 kDa while Size Exclusion Chromatography generated a native molecular mass of 328 kDa. The enzyme remained active over a broad pH range with a distinct preference for a neutral pH range of 7-8.5. Chromatofocusing and Isoelectric Focusing revealed the enzyme’s isoelectric point to be 4.74. DPIV-like activity was not inhibited by serine protease inhibitors but was by the metallo-protease inhibitors, the phenanthrolines. The enzyme was also partially inhibited by Bestatin. Substrate Specificity studies proved that the enzyme is capable of sequential cleavage of bovine β- Casomorphin and Substance P. The peptidase cleaved the standard DPIV substrate, Gly-Pro-MCA with a KM of 38.4 μM, while Lys-Pro-MCA was hydrolysed with a KM of 103 μM. The DPIV- like activity was specifically inhibited by both Diprotin A and B, non-competitively, generating a Ki of 1.4x10-4 M for both inhibitors. Ile-Thiazolidide and Ile-Pyrrolidide both inhibited competitively with an inhibition constant of 3.7x10-7 M and 7.5x10-7 M respectively. It is concluded that bovine serum DPIV-like activity share many biochemical properties with DPIV and DPIV-like enzymes but not exclusively, suggesting that the purified peptidase may play an important novel role in bioactive oligopeptide degradation
A multi-parametric programming approach for multilevel hierarchical and decentralised optimisation problems

Abstract  In this paper, we outline the foundations of a general global optimisation strategy for the solution of multilevel hierarchical and general decentralised multilevel problems, based on our recent developments on multi-parametric programming and control theory. The core idea is to recast each optimisation subproblem, present in the hierarchy, as a multi-parametric programming problem, with parameters being the optimisation variables belonging to the remaining subproblems. This then transforms the multilevel problem into single-level linear/convex optimisation problems. For decentralised systems, where more than one optimisation problem is present at each level of the hierarchy, Nash equilibrium is considered. A three person dynamic optimisation problem is presented to illustrate the mathematical developments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10287-007-0062-
Capturing suprasegmental features of a voice with RNNs for improved speaker clustering

Deep neural networks have become a veritable alternative to classic speaker recognition and clustering methods in recent years. However, while the speech signal clearly is a time series, and despite the body of literature on the benefits of prosodic (suprasegmental) features, identifying voices has usually not been approached with sequence learning methods. Only recently has a recurrent neural network (RNN) been successfully applied to this task, while the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (that are not able to capture arbitrary time dependencies, unlike RNNs) still prevails. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of RNNs for speaker recognition by improving state of the art speaker clustering performance and robustness on the classic TIMIT benchmark. We provide arguments why RNNs are superior by experimentally showing a “sweet spot” of the segment length for successfully capturing prosodic information that has been theoretically predicted in previous work
Muon and hydrogen states in II-VI semiconductor compounds. A muSR study

Additional hydrogen in II-VI semiconductors may occur in two different configurations, either bound to the anion in a position along the bond direction, or at an open interstitial site surrounded by four cations. The electronic character of these states is very different: the bound hydrogen forms a donor with an extended electronic wave function, whereas the interstitial hydrogen is acceptor-like and has an almost free-atom-like electron distribution. In this paper, we show in which systems the donor and in which the acceptor was found to form the ground state. Some of the structural and electronic properties of these states are also given. The information presented is derived from muSR experiments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssc.20030000
Measurement of forward $\rm Z\rightarrow e^+e^-$ production at $\sqrt{s}=8$TeV

A measurement of the cross-section for Z-boson production in the forward region of pp collisions at 8TeV centre-of-mass energy is presented. The measurement is based on a sample of $\rm Z\rightarrow e^+e^-$ decays reconstructed using the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0fb$^{-1}$. The acceptance is defined by the requirements $2.0 < \eta < 4.5$ and $p_{\rm T} > 20$GeV for the pseudorapidities and transverse momenta of the leptons. Their invariant mass is required to lie in the range 60--120GeV. The cross-section is determined to be $$ \sigma({\rm pp\to Z\to e^+e^-})=93.81\pm0.41({\rm stat})\pm1.48({\rm syst})\pm1.14({\rm lumi})\;{pb}\,,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second reflects all systematic effects apart from that arising from the luminosity, which is given as the third uncertainty. Differential cross-sections are presented as functions of the Z-boson rapidity and of the angular variable $\phi^*$, which is related to the Z-boson transverse momentum
An inverse scattering formalism for STU supergravity

STU supergravity becomes an integrable system for solutions that effectively only depend on two variables. This class of solutions includes the Kerr solution and its charged generalizations that have been studied in the literature. We here present an inverse scattering method that allows to systematically construct solutions of this integrable system. The method is similar to the one of Belinski and Zakharov for pure gravity but uses a different linear system due to Breitenlohner and Maison and here requires some technical modifications. We illustrate this method by constructing a four-charge rotating solution from flat space. A generalization to other set-ups is also discussed
Disentangling a dynamical Higgs

The pattern of deviations from Standard Model predictions and couplings is different for theories of new physics based on a non-linear realization of the SU(2) L × U(1) Y gauge symmetry breaking and those assuming a linear realization. We clarify this issue in a model-independent way via its effective Lagrangian formulation in the presence of a light Higgs particle, up to first order in the expansions: dimension-six operators for the linear expansion and four derivatives for the non-linear one. Complete sets of gauge and gauge-Higgs operators are considered, implementing the renormalization procedure and deriving the Feynman rules for the non-linear expansion. We establish the theoretical relation and the differences in physics impact between the two expansions. Promising discriminating signals include the decorrelation in the non-linear case of signals correlated in the linear one: some pure gauge versus gauge-Higgs couplings and also between couplings with the same number of Higgs legs. Furthermore, anomalous signals expected at first order in the non-linear realization may appear only at higher orders of the linear one, and vice versa. We analyze in detail the impact of both type of discriminating signals on LHC physics