pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Wind-tunnel pressure measurements on model-scale rigid downwind sails

This paper describes an experiment that was carried out in the Twisted Flow Wind Tunnel at The University of Auckland to measure a detailed set of pressure distributions on a rigid 1/15th scale model of a modern asymmetric spinnaker. It was observed that the pressures varied considerably up the height of the spinnaker. The fine resolution of pressure taps allowed the extent of leading edge separation bubble, pressure recovery region, and effect of sail curvature to be observed quite clearly. It was found that the shape of the pressure distributions could be understood in terms of conventional aerodynamic theory. The sail performed best at an apparent wind angle of about 55°, which is its design angle, and the effect of heel was more pronounced near the head than the foot. Analysis of pressure time histories allows the large scale vortex shedding to be detected in the separation region, with a Strouhal number in the range 0.1 – 0.3, based on local sail chord length.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No PIRSES-GA-2012-318924, and from the Royal Society of New Zealand for the UK-France-NZ collaboration project SAILING FLUID
Sensitivity of secondary production and export flux to choice of trophic transfer formulation in marine ecosystem models

The performance of four contemporary formulations describing trophic transfer, which have strongly contrasting assumptions as regards the way that consumer growth is calculated as a function of food C:N ratio and in the fate of non-limiting substrates, was compared in two settings: a simple steady-state ecosystem model and a 3D biogeochemical general circulation model. Considerable variation was seen in predictions for primary production, transfer to higher trophic levels and export to the ocean interior. The physiological basis of the various assumptions underpinning the chosen formulations is open to question. Assumptions include Liebig-style limitation of growth, strict homeostasis in zooplankton biomass, and whether excess C and N are released by voiding in faecal pellets or via respiration/excretion post-absorption by the gut. Deciding upon the most appropriate means of formulating trophic transfer is not straightforward because, despite advances in ecological stoichiometry, the physiological mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain incompletely understood. Nevertheless, worrying inconsistencies are evident in the way in which fundamental transfer processes are justified and parameterised in the current generation of marine ecosystem models, manifested in the resulting simulations of ocean biogeochemistry. Our work highlights the need for modellers to revisit and appraise the equations and parameter values used to describe trophic transfer in marine ecosystem models
Exact solution for the conjugate fluid-fluid problem in the thermal entrance region of laminar counterflow heat exchangers

A generalized Lévêque solution is presented for the conjugate fluid–fluid problem that arises in the thermal entrance region of laminar counterflow heat exchangers. The analysis, carried out for constant property fluids, assumes that the Prandtl and Peclet numbers are both large compared to unity, and neglects axial conduction both in the fluids and in the plate, assumed to be thermally thin. Under these conditions, the thermal entrance region admits an asymptotic self-similar description where the temperature varies as a power ϳ of the axial distance, with the particularity that the self-similarity exponent must be determined as an eigenvalue by solving a transcendental equation arising from the requirement of continuity of heat fluxes at the heat conducting wall. Specifically, the analysis reveals that j depends only on the lumped parameter ƙ = (A2/A1)1/3 (α1/α2)1/3(k2/k1), defined in terms of the ratios of the wall velocity gradients, A, thermal diffusivities, α i, and thermal conductivities,k i, of the fluids entering, 1, and exiting, 2, the heat exchanger. Moreover, it is shown that for large (small) values of K solution reduces to the classical first (second) Lévêque solution. Closed-form analytical expressions for the asymptotic temperature distributions and local heat-transfer rate in the thermal entrance region are given and compared with numerical results in the counterflow parallel-plate configuration, showing very good agreement in all cases
Angular analysis and differential branching fraction of the decay $B^0_s\to\phi\mu^+\mu^-$

An angular analysis and a measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay $B^0_s\to\phi\mu^+\mu^-$ are presented, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3.0\, {\rm fb^{-1}}$ of $pp$ collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ and $8\, {\rm TeV}$. Measurements are reported as a function of $q^{2}$, the square of the dimuon invariant mass and results of the angular analysis are found to be consistent with the Standard Model. In the range $1 < q^2 < 6\, {\rm GeV}^{2}/c^{4}$, where precise theoretical calculations are available, the differential branching fraction is found to be more than $3\,\sigma$ below the Standard Model predictions
Photoproduction of neutral pions off protons

Photoproduction of neutral pions has been studied with the CBELSA/TAPS detector in the reaction gamma p -> p pi(0) for photon energies between 0.85 and 2.50 GeV. The pi(0) mesons are observed in their dominant neutral decay mode: pi(0) -> gamma gamma. For the first time, the differential cross sections cover the very forward region, theta(c.m.) < 60 degrees. A partial-wave analysis of these data within the Bonn-Gatchina framework observes the high-mass resonances G(17)(2190), D-13(2080), and D-15(2070)
Form factors of descendant operators: resonance identities in the sinh-Gordon model

We study the space of local operators in the sinh-Gordon model in the framework of the bootstrap form factor approach. Our final goal is to identify the operators obtained by solving bootstrap equations with those defined in terms of the Lagrangian field. Here we try to identify operators at some very particular points, where the phenomenon of operator resonance takes place. The operator resonance phenomenon being perturbative, nevertheless, results in exact identities between some local operators. By applying an algebraic approach developed earlier for form factors we derive an infinite set of identities between particular descendant and exponential operators in the sinh-Gordon theory, which generalize the quantum equation of motion. We identify the corresponding descendant operators by comparing them with the result of perturbation theory
Higgs and dark matter physics in the type-II two-Higgs-doublet model inspired by E 6 GUT

We study Higgs and dark matter physics in the type-II two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) with an extra U(1) H gauge symmetry, inspired by the E 6 grand unified theory (GUT). From the viewpoint of the bottom-up approach, the additional U(1) H gauge symmetry plays a crucial role in avoiding the tree-level flavor changing neutral currents mediated by neutral Higgs bosons in general 2HDMs. In the model with U(1) H gauge symmetry, which has Type-II Yukawa couplings, we have to introduce additional chiral fermions that are charged under the U(1) H gauge symmetry as well as under the Standard-Model (SM) gauge symmetry in order to cancel chiral gauge anomalies. For the U(1) H charge assignment and the extra matters, we adopt the ones inspired by the E 6 GUT: the extra quark-like and lepton-like fermions with the non-trivial U(1) H charges. We discuss their contributions to the physical observables, such as the measurements of Higgs physics and electro-weak interactions, and investigate the consistency with the experimental results. Furthermore, we could find extra neutral particles like the SM neutrinos after the electro-weak symmetry breaking, and they could be stable, because of the remnant symmetry after U(1) H symmetry breaking. We also discuss the thermal relic density and the (in)direct-detections of this dark matter candidate
Attribute value reordering for efficient hybrid OLAP

The normalization of a data cube is the ordering of the attribute values. For large multidimensional arrays where dense and sparse chunks are stored differently, proper normalization can lead to improved storage efficiency. We show that it is NP-hard to compute an optimal normalization even for 1x3 chunks, although we find an exact algorithm for 1x2 chunks. When dimensions are nearly statistically independent, we show that dimension-wise attribute frequency sorting is an optimal normalization and takes time O(d n log(n)) for data cubes of size n^d. When dimensions are not independent, we propose and evaluate several heuristics. The hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) storage mechanism is already 19%-30% more efficient than ROLAP, but normalization can improve it further by 9%-13% for a total gain of 29%-44% over ROLAP
Exclusive neuronal expression of SUCLA2 in the human brain

SUCLA2 encodes the ATP-forming β subunit (A-SUCL-β) of succinyl-CoA ligase, an enzyme of the citric acid cycle. Mutations in SUCLA2 lead to a mitochondrial disorder manifesting as encephalomyopathy with dystonia, deafness and lesions in the basal ganglia. Despite the distinct brain pathology associated with SUCLA2 mutations, the precise localization of SUCLA2 protein has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of A-SUCL-β in surgical human cortical tissue samples was present exclusively in neurons, identified by their morphology and visualized by double labeling with a fluorescent Nissl dye. A-SUCL-β immunoreactivity co-localized >99 % with that of the d subunit of the mitochondrial F0-F1 ATP synthase. Specificity of the anti-A-SUCL-β antiserum was verified by the absence of labeling in fibroblasts from a patient with a complete deletion of SUCLA2. A-SUCL-β immunoreactivity was absent in glial cells, identified by antibodies directed against the glial markers GFAP and S100. Furthermore, in situ hybridization histochemistry demonstrated that SUCLA2 mRNA was present in Nissl-labeled neurons but not glial cells labeled with S100. Immunoreactivity of the GTP-forming β subunit (G-SUCL-β) encoded by SUCLG2, or in situ hybridization histochemistry for SUCLG2 mRNA could not be demonstrated in either neurons or astrocytes. Western blotting of post mortem brain samples revealed minor G-SUCL-β immunoreactivity that was, however, not upregulated in samples obtained from diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, as has been described for murine brain. Our work establishes that SUCLA2 is expressed exclusively in neurons in the human cerebral cortex
From the Boltzmann Equation to the Euler Equations in the Presence of Boundaries

22 pages, work presented at the Eighth International Conference for Mesoscopic Methods in Engineering and Science (ICMMES-2011), Lyon, July 4-8 2011International audienceThe fluid dynamic limit of the Boltzmann equation leading to the Euler equations for an incompressible fluid with constant density in the presence of material boundaries shares some important features with the better known inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes equations. The present paper slightly extends recent results from [C. Bardos, F. Golse, L. Paillard, Comm. Math. Sci., 10 (2012), 159-190] to the case of boundary conditions for the Boltzmann equation more general than Maxwell's accomodation condition
Mesenchymal stem cell delivery into rat infarcted myocardium using a porous polysaccharide-based scaffold: a quantitative comparison with endocardial injection.

International audienceThe use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue regeneration is often hampered by modest engraftment in host tissue. This study was designed to quantitatively compare MSCs engraftment rates after delivery using a polysaccharide-based porous scaffold or endocardial (EC) injection in a rat myocardial infarction model. Cellular engraftment was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using MSCs previously transduced with a lentiviral vector that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP). The use of a scaffold promoted local cellular engraftment and survival. The number of residual GFP(+) cells was greater with the scaffold than after EC injection (9.7% vs. 5.1% at 1 month and 16.3% vs. 6.1% at 2 months, respectively [n=5]). This concurred with a significant increase in mRNA vascular endothelial growth factor level in the scaffold group (p<0.05). Clusters of GFP+ cells were detected in the peri-infarct area, mainly phenotypically consistent with immature MSCs. Functional assessment by echocardiography at 2 months postinfarct also showed a trend toward a lower left ventricular dilatation and a reduced fibrosis in the scaffold group in comparison to direct injection group (n=10). These findings demonstrate that using a porous biodegradable scaffold is a promising method to improve cell delivery and engraftment into damaged myocardium
The VKS experiment: turbulent dynamical dynamos

International audienceThe VKS experiment studies dynamo action in the flow generated inside a cylinder filled with liquid sodium by the rotation of coaxial impellers (the von Karman geometry). We report observations related to the self-generation of a stationary dynamo when the flow forcing is symmetric, i.e. when the impellers rotate in opposite directions at equal angular velocities. The bifurcation is found to be supercritical, with a neutral mode whose geometry is predominantly axisymmetric. We then report the different dynamical dynamo regimes observed when the flow forcing is asymmetric, including magnetic field reversals. We finally show that these dynamics display characteristic features of low dimensional dynamical systems despite the high degree of turbulence in the flow
Involvement of D1 dopamine receptor in MDMA-induced locomotor activity and striatal gene expression in mice.

International audience3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a widely used recreational drug with psychoactive properties, induces both serotonin and dopamine release in the brain. In rats and mice MDMA induces behavioural changes and has rewarding effects but little is known about its cellular effects. We have previously shown that the ERK pathway is important for the changes in gene expression observed in mice striatum after treatment with this psychostimulant. In this study we investigated the role of D1 receptors in MDMA-induced locomotor hyperactivity and regulation of immediate-early genes (Fos, Fosb, Egr1 and Egr2) mRNA levels requiring ERK activity in mice striatum. We used the selective D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 at a dose (0.05 mg/kg) that did not influence locomotor activity. This dose totally blocked MDMA-induced locomotor activity but only partially the increase in transcription levels of Fos, Fosb, Egr1 and Egr2 (24%, 23%, 22% and 29% respectively). In conclusion, our results showed that D1 receptors play a key role in the acute MDMA-induced hyperlocomotion and that ERK pathway is partially under D1 receptors control to induce Fos, FosB, Egr1 and Egr2 transcription
Use of Multiword terms and Query Expansion for Interactive Information Retrieval.

International audienceThis paper reports our participation in the INEX 2008 Ad- Hoc Retrieval track. We investigated the effect of multiword terms on retrieval effectiveness in an interactive query expansion (IQE) frame- work. The IQE approach is compared to a state-of-the-art IR engine (in this case Indri) implementing a bag-of-word query and document rep- resentation, coupled with pseudo-relevance feedback (automatic query expansion(AQE)). The performance of multiword query and document representation was enhanced when the term structure was relaxed to ac- cept the insertion of additional words while preserving the original struc- ture and word order. The search strategies built with multiword terms coupled with QE obtained very competitive scores in the three Ad-Hoc tasks: Focused retrieval, Relevant-in-Context and Best-in-Context
Hardness and toughness of sodium borosilicate glasses via Vickers's indentations

International audienceThis study investigates the mechanical response of sodium borosilicate (SBN) glasses as a function of their chemical composition. Vickers's indentation tests provide an estimate of the material hardness (H V) and indentation fracture toughness (K C VIF) plus the amount of densification/shear flow processes. Sodium content significantly impacts the glass behavior under a sharp indenter. Low sodium glasses maintain high connected networks and low Poisson's ratios (ν). This entails significant densification processes during deformation. Conversely, glasses with high sodium content, i.e. large ν, partake in a more depolymerized network favoring deformation by shear flow. As a consequence , indentation patterns differ depending on the processes occurring. Densification processes appear to hinder the formation of halfpenny median–radial cracks. Increasing ν favors shear flow and residual stresses enhance the development of halfpenny median–radial cracks. Hence, K C VIF decreases linearly with ν
A 5D gyrokinetic full-f global semi-lagrangian code for flux-driven ion turbulence simulations

International audienceThis paper addresses non-linear gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence in tokamak plasmas. The electrostatic Gysela code is one of the few international 5D gyrokinetic codes able to perform global, full-f and flux-driven simulations. Its has also the numerical originality of being based on a semi-Lagrangian (SL) method. This reference paper for the Gysela code presents a complete description of its multi-ion species version including: (i) numerical scheme, (ii) high level of parallelism up to 500k cores and (iii) conservation law properties
Advances in tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]isoindolone (valmerins) series: Potent glycogen synthase kinase 3 and cyclin dependent kinase 5 inhibitors.

International audienceAn efficient synthetic strategy was developed to modulate the structure of the tetrahydropyridine isoindolone (Valmerin) skeleton. A library of more than 30 novel final structures was generated. Biological activities on CDK5 and GSK3 as well as cellular effects on cancer cell lines were measured for each novel compound. Additionally docking studies were performed to support medicinal chemistry efforts. A strong GSK3/CDK5 dual inhibitor (38, IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/84 nM) was obtained. A set of highly selective GSK3 inhibitors was synthesized by fine-tuning structural modifications (29 IC50 GSK3/CDK5 32/320 nM). Antiproliferative effects on cells were correlated with the in vitro kinase activities and the best effects were obtained with lung and colon cell lines
Finding and Characterizing Repeats in Plant Genomes

International audiencePlant genomes contain a particularly high proportion of repeated structures of various types. This chapter proposes a guided tour of available software that can help biologists to look for these repeats and check some hypothetical models intended to characterize their structures. Since transposable elements are a major source of repeats in plants, many methods have been used or developed for this large class of sequences. They are representative of the range of tools available for other classes of repeats and we have provided a whole section on this topic as well as a selection of the main existing software. In order to better understand how they work and how repeats may be efficiently found in genomes, it is necessary to look at the technical issues involved in the large--scale search of these structures. Indeed, it may be hard to keep up with the profusion of proposals in this dynamic field and the rest of the chapter is devoted to the foundations of the search for repeats and more complex patterns. The second section introduces the key concepts that are useful for understanding the current state of the art in playing with words, applied to genomic sequences. This can be seen as the first stage of a very general approach called linguistic analysis that is interested in the analysis of natural or artificial texts. Words, the lexical level, correspond to simple repeated entities in texts or strings. In fact, biologists need to represent more complex entities where a repeat family is built on more abstract structures, including direct or inverted small repeats, motifs, composition constraints as well as ordering and distance constraints between these elementary blocks. In terms of linguistics, this corresponds to the syntactic level of a language. The last section introduces concepts and practical tools that can be used to reach this syntactic level in biological sequence analysis
On combining wavelets expansion and sparse linear models for Regression on metabolomic data and biomarker selection

International audienceWavelet thresholding of spectra has to be handled with care when the spectra are the predictors of a regression problem. Indeed, a blind thresholding of the signal followed by a regression method often leads to deteriorated predictions. The scope of this article is to show that sparse regression methods, applied in the wavelet domain, perform an automatic thresholding: the most relevant wavelet coefficients are selected to optimize the prediction of a given target of interest. This approach can be seen as a joint thresholding designed for a predictive purpose. The method is illustrated on a real world problem where metabolomic data are linked to poison ingestion. This example proves the usefulness of wavelet expansion and the good behavior of sparse and regularized methods. A comparison study is performed between the two-steps approach (wavelet thresholding and regression) and the one-step approach (selection of wavelet coefficients with a sparse regression). The comparison includes two types of wavelet bases, various thresholding methods, and various regression methods and is evaluated by calculating prediction performances. Information about the location of the most important features on the spectra was also obtained and used to identify the most relevant metabolites involved in the mice poisoning