pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Low carbon energy and international development: from research impact to policymaking

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Taylor & Francis under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Few areas of international development research have seen as much transformation over recent years as those relating to energy access and low carbon transitions. New policy initiatives, technological innovations and business models have radically transformed the configuration and dynamics of the sector, driven by the urgency of ongoing climate change. This article asks how, given these rapidly moving contexts, policymakers can engage with research at different scales to gather evidence needed for effective decision-making, particularly within the context of the\ud
frequently opposing aims of increasing energy access and climate change mitigation. The\ud
authors trace the general debates around how research impact is conceived within different\ud
constituencies, before exploring the relationship between policymakers, the academic community and other stakeholders within the specific context of energy and international development research. Drawing on cross-cutting lessons from thirteen research projects funded by UK research councils and government under the Understanding Sustainable Energy Solutions programme, they examine critically ways in which impact and engagement have been conceived by both researchers and research funders. They ask how those lessons can feed into the design of\ud
future initiatives to make low carbon transitions meaningful as pathways for inclusive development in communities in Africa and Asia
Influence of galactic arm scale dynamics on the molecular composition of
  the cold and dense ISM I. Observed abundance gradients in dense clouds

Aims. We study the effect of large scale dynamics on the molecular
composition of the dense interstellar medium during the transition between
diffuse to dense clouds. Methods. We followed the formation of dense clouds (on
sub-parsec scales) through the dynamics of the interstellar medium at galac-
tic scales. We used results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
simulations from which we extracted physical parameters that are used as inputs
for our full gas-grain chemical model. In these simulations, the evolution of
the interstellar matter is followed for ~50 Myr. The warm low-density
interstellar medium gas flows into spiral arms where orbit crowding produces
the shock formation of dense clouds, which are held together temporarily by the
external pressure. Results. We show that depending on the physical history of
each SPH particle, the molecular composition of the modeled dense clouds
presents a high dispersion in the computed abundances even if the local
physical properties are similar. We find that carbon chains are the most
affected species and show that these differences are directly connected to
differences in (1) the electronic fraction, (2) the C/O ratio, and (3) the
local physical conditions. We argue that differences in the dynamical evolution
of the gas that formed dense clouds could account for the molecular diversity
observed between and within these clouds. Conclusions. This study shows the
importance of past physical conditions in establishing the chemical composition
of the dense medium.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figure
Measurement of the production cross section of three isolated photons in
  $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the production of three isolated photons in proton-proton
collisions at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV is reported. The
results are based on an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ collected with
the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The differential cross sections are measured as
functions of the transverse energy of each photon, the difference in azimuthal
angle and in pseudorapidity between pairs of photons, the invariant mass of
pairs of photons, and the invariant mass of the triphoton system. A measurement
of the inclusive fiducial cross section is also reported. Next-to-leading-order
perturbative QCD predictions are compared to the cross-section measurements.
The predictions underestimate the measurement of the inclusive fiducial cross
section and the differential measurements at low photon transverse energies and
invariant masses. They provide adequate descriptions of the measurements at
high values of the photon transverse energies, invariant mass of pairs of
photons, and invariant mass of the triphoton system.Comment: 36 pages in total, author list starting page 20, 3 figures, 2 tables,
  published in Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2016-0
Smart Grid-aware scheduling in data centres

This article was published in the journal Computer Communications and the definitive version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2016.04.021© 2016 In several countries the expansion and establishment of renewable energies result in widely scattered and often weather-dependent energy production, decoupled from energy demand. Large, fossil-fuelled power plants are gradually replaced by many small power stations that transform wind, solar and water power into electrical power. This leads to changes in the historically evolved power grid that favours top-down energy distribution from a backbone of large power plants to widespread consumers. Now, with the increase of energy production in lower layers of the grid, there is also a bottom-up flow of the grid infrastructure compromising its stability. In order to locally adapt the energy demand to the production, some countries have started to establish Smart Grids to incentivise customers to consume energy when it is generated. This paper investigates how data centres can benefit from variable energy prices in Smart Grids. In view of their low average utilisation, data centre providers can schedule the workload dependent on the energy price. We consider a scenario for a data centre in Paderborn, Germany, hosting a large share of interruptible and migratable computing jobs. We suggest and compare two scheduling strategies for minimising energy costs. The first one merely uses current values from the Smart Meter to place the jobs, while the other one also estimates the future energy price in the grid based on weather forecasts. In spite of the complexity of the prediction problem and the inaccuracy of the weather data, both strategies perform well and have a strong positive effect on the utilisation of renewable energy and on the reduction of energy costs. This work improves and extends the paper of the same title published on the SustainIT conference (Mäsker et al., 2015). While that paper puts more emphasis on the utilisation of green energy, the new algorithms find a better balance between energy costs and turnaround time. We slightly alter the scenario using a more realistic multi-queue batch system and improve the scheduling algorithms which can be tuned to prioritise turnaround time or green energy utilisation
Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ~17.7k years ago plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion

The US National Science Foundation supported this work [Grants 0538427, 0839093, and 1142166 (to J.R.M.); 1043518 (to E.J.B.); 0538657 and 1043421 (to J.P. Severinghaus); 0538553 and 0839066 (to J.C.-D.); and 0944348, 0944191, 0440817, 0440819, and 0230396 (to K.C.T.)]. We thank the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office and other support organizations. P.K. and G.K. were funded by Polar Regions and Coasts in a Changing Earth System-II, with additional support from the Helmholtz Climate Initiative. The data reported in this work have been deposited with the U.S. Antarctic Program Data Center, www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601008.Glacial-state greenhouse gas concentrations and Southern Hemisphere climate conditions persisted until ∼17.7 ka, when a nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation was recorded in paleoclimate proxies in large parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with many changes ascribed to a sudden poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and subsequent climate impacts. We used high-resolution chemical measurements in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Byrd, and other ice cores to document a unique, ∼192-y series of halogen-rich volcanic eruptions exactly at the start of accelerated deglaciation, with tephra identifying the nearby Mount Takahe volcano as the source. Extensive fallout from these massive eruptions has been found >2,800 km from Mount Takahe. Sulfur isotope anomalies and marked decreases in ice core bromine consistent with increased surface UV radiation indicate that the eruptions led to stratospheric ozone depletion. Rather than a highly improbable coincidence, circulation and climate changes extending from the Antarctic Peninsula to the subtropics—similar to those associated with modern stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica—plausibly link the Mount Takahe eruptions to the onset of accelerated Southern Hemisphere deglaciation ∼17.7 ka.PostprintPostprintPeer reviewe
Synthesis of pure stereoisomers of benzo[b]thienyl dehydrophenylalanines by Suzuki cross-coupling. Preliminary studies of antimicrobial activity

Several benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanines were synthesized from pure stereoisomers of the methyl ester of N-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)-
b-bromodehydrophenylalanine as an extension of our previously reported method for the synthesis of dehydrotryptophan
analogues to dehydrophenylalanine derivatives. The latter were obtained in high yields by N-deprotection and bromination of N,N-bis-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)-(
Z)-dehydrophenylalanine using TFA and NBS. This was carried out in two steps or in a one pot procedure resulting in
different E/Z ratios. These compounds were coupled under Suzuki cross-coupling conditions [Pd(PPh3)4, Na2CO3, DME/H2O] with several
boronic benzo[b]thienyl acids in good to high yields maintaining the stereochemistry of the starting materials. The best yields were obtained
when the boronic acid was in position 7 of the benzo[b]thiophene and with the E isomer of the brominated dehydrophenylalanine. In some
cases it was possible to increase the lower yields by changing the Pd source to PdCl2(PPh3)2. A model dipeptide was prepared coupling a
benzo[b]thienyldehydrophenylalanine with the methyl ester of alanine. Preliminary antimicrobial studies were performed with both isomers
of one of the b, b-diaryldehydroalanines obtained. The results show that the compounds are selective and very active (very low MICs) against
Gram positive bacteria (B. cereus and B. subtilis) the Z-isomer being more active. The compounds are also active against Candida albicans
presenting similar MICs
A Late Glacial family at Trollesgave. Denmark

YesMicrowear analysis is applied to reconstruct the function and social organisation at the Late Glacial site of Trollesgave, Denmark. As with Bromme Culture sites in general, the lithic assemblage consists of primarily three types of tools. There is a strong association between these types and their use: end scrapers for dry hide scraping; burins for working hard material, primarily bone; and tanged points primarily for projectile tips. Nearly all divergence from this pattern can be referred to as the activities of children, the products and workshops of which have previously been identified. Based on the combined information from microwear analysis, flint knapping and spatial distribution of artefacts, the assemblage is inferred as the traces of a single family hunting (and fishing) occupation.Danish Council for Independent Research (FKK ref. no. 273-08-0424)Gol
Cultivation strategies to enhance productivity of Pichia pastoris : a review

Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast, is an established system for the production of heterologous proteins, particularly biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. To maximise and optimise the production of recombinant products, recent molecular research has focused on numerous issues including the design of expression vectors, optimisation of gene copy number, co-expression of secretory proteins such as chaperones, engineering of glycosylation and secretory pathways, etc. However, the physiological effects of different cultivation strategies are often difficult to separate from the molecular effects of the gene construct (e.g., cellular stress through over-expression or incorrect post-translational processing). Hence, overall system optimisation is difficult, even though it is urgently required in order to describe and understand the behaviour of new molecular constructs. This review focuses on particular aspects of recombinant protein production related to variations in biomass growth and their implications for strain design and screening, as well as on the concept of rational comparisons between cultivation systems for the development of specific production processes in bioreactors. The relationship between specific formation rates of secreted recombinant proteins, qp, and specific growth rates, μ, has been analysed in a conceptual attempt to compare different systems, particularly those based on AOX1/methanol and GAP/glucose, and this has now evolved into a pivotal concept for bioprocess engineering of P. pastoris
Globalization and economic growth: Evidence from two decades of transition in CEE

This paper examines the role of various aspects of globalization for economic growth in ten CEE economies. In contrary to previous papers, we restrict our analysis solely to the first two decades of transition. Using the globalization indexes published by the Swiss Economic Institute, we found strong and robust evidence of growth-stimulating effect of globalization processes, especially in social and economic dimensions. On the other hand, the role of political dimension of globalization was not found to be statistically significant in any research variant.
The result, which seems to be particularly interesting, is that development of the Internet, television and trade in newspapers (the social dimension of globalization) had at least as strong positive impact on economic development in CEE economies in first two decades of transition as rise in international trade, growth of foreign investment, reduction of import barriers and development of taxes policy (the economic dimension).
A study of the Z production cross-section in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using tau final states

A measurement of the inclusive Z → ττ cross-section in pp collisions at TeX is presented based on a dataset of 1.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector. Candidates for Z → τ τ decays are identified through reconstructed final states with two muons, a muon and an electron, a muon and a hadron, or an electron and a hadron. The production cross-section for Z bosons, with invariant mass between 60 and 120 GeV/c 2, which decay to τ leptons with transverse momenta greater than 20 GeV/c and pseudorapidities between 2.0 and 4.5, is measured to be σ pp→Z→ττ = 71.4 ± 3.5 ± 2.8 ± 2.5 pb; the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The ratio of the cross-sections for Z → τ τ to Z → μμ is determined to be 0.93 ± 0.09, where the uncertainty is the combination of statistical, systematic, and luminosity uncertainties of the two measurements
Mapping Dirac gaugino masses.

We investigate the mapping of Dirac gaugino masses through regions of strong coupling, focussing on SQCD with an adjoint. These models have a well-known Kutasov duality, under which a weakly coupled electric UV description can flow to a different weakly coupled magnetic IR description. We provide evidence to show that Dirac gaugino mass terms map as lim μ→∞ m D  gk 1 k+1     =lim μ→0 m ˜  D  g ˜ k ˜  1 k+1      under such a flow, where the coupling κ appears in the superpotential of the canonically normalised theory as W ⊃ κXk+1. This combination is an RG-invariant to all orders in perturbation theory, but establishing the mapping in its entirety is not straightforward because Dirac masses are not the spurions of holomorphic couplings in the N  = 1 theory. To circumvent this, we first present evidence that deforming the Kutasov theory can make it flow to an N  = 2 theory with parametrically small N  = 1 deformations. This is shown to happen perturbatively in the weakly coupled theory, and we also identify the higgsing mechanism that has to take place in the dual theory. This is seen to occur correctly even when both theories are at strong coupling. Using harmonic superspace techniques we then identify the prepotential that can induce the same N  = 1 deformations in the presence of electric and magnetic FI-terms. We show that the correct N  = 1 scalar potential and fermion lagrangian are generated. It is then shown that pure Dirac mass terms can be induced by the same mechanism, and we find that the proposed RG-invariant is indeed preserved under N  = 2 duality, and thence along the flow to the dual N  = 1 Kutasov theories. Possible phenomenological applications are discussed
The Western Sierras Pampeanas: Protracted Grenville-age history (1330–1030 Ma)\ud
of intra-oceanic arcs, subduction–accretion at continental-edge and AMCG\ud
intraplate magmatism

New U–Pb SHRIMP zircon ages combined with geochemical and isotope investigation in the Sierra de\ud
Maz and Sierra de Pie de Palo and a xenolith of the Precordillera basement (Ullún), provides insight into\ud
the identification of major Grenville-age tectonomagmatic events and their timing in the Western Sierras\ud
Pampeanas. The study reveals two contrasting scenarios that evolved separately during the 300 Ma long\ud
history: Sierra de Maz, which was always part of a continental crust, and the juvenile oceanic arc and\ud
back-arc sector of Sierra de Pie de Palo and Ullún. The oldest rocks are the Andino-type granitic orthogneisses\ud
of Sierra de Maz (1330–1260 Ma) and associated subalkaline basic rocks, that were part of an\ud
active continental margin developed in a Paleoproterozoic crust. Amphibolite facies metamorphism\ud
affected the orthogneisses at ca. 1175 Ma, while granulite facies was attained in neighbouring meta-sediments\ud
and basic granulites. Interruption of continental-edge magmatism and high-grade metamorphism\ud
is interpreted as related to an arc–continental collision dated by zircon overgrowths at 1170–1230 Ma.\ud
The next event consisted of massif-type anorthosites and related meta-jotunites, meta-mangerites\ud
(1092 ± 6 Ma) and meta-granites (1086 ± 10 Ma) that define an AMCG complex in Sierra de Maz. The\ud
emplacement of these mantle-derived magmas during an extensional episode produced a widespread\ud
thermal overprint at ca. 1095 Ma in neighbouring country rocks. In constrast, juvenile oceanic arc and\ud
back-arc complexes dominated the Sierra de Pie de Palo–Ullún sector, that was fully developed ca.\ud
1200 Ma (1196 ± 8 Ma metagabbro). A new episode of oceanic arc magmatism at 1165 Ma was roughly\ud
coeval with the amphibolite high-grade metamorphism of Sierra de Maz, indicating that these two sectors\ud
underwent independent geodynamic scenarios at this age. Two more episodes of arc subduction are\ud
registered in the Pie de Palo–Ullún sector: (i) 1110 ± 10 Ma orthogneisses and basic amphibolites with\ud
geochemical fingerprints of emplacement in a more mature crust, and (ii) a 1027 ± 17 Ma TTG juvenile\ud
suite, which is the youngest Grenville-age magmatic event registered in the Western Sierras Pampeanas.\ud
The geodynamic history in both study areas reveals a complex orogenic evolution, dominated by convergent\ud
tectonics and accretion of juvenile oceanic arcs to the continent
Assessing the risk of climate change for buildings:A comparison between multi-year and probabilistic reference year simulations

Given a changing climate, there is a need to provide data for future years so that practicing engineers can investigate the impact of climate change on particular designs and examine any risk the client might be exposed to. In addition, such files are of use to building scientists in developing generic solutions to problems such as elevated internal temperatures and poor thermal comfort. With the release of the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) [1], and the publication of a methodology for the creation of probabilistic future reference years using the UKCP09 weather generator [2], it is possible to model future building performance. However, the collapse of the distribution of possibilities inherent in the UKCP09 method into a single reference year or a small number of reference years, potentially means the loss of most of the information about the potential range of the response of the building and of the risk occupants might be subject to. In this paper we model for the first time the internal conditions and energy use of a building with all 3000 example years produced by the UKCP09 weather generator in an attempt to study the full range of response and risk. The resultant histograms and cumulative distribution functions are then used to examine whether single reference years can be used to answer questions about response and risk under a changing climate, or whether a more probabilistic approach is unavoidable
Understanding edge-connectivity in the Internet through
  core-decomposition

Internet is a complex network composed by several networks: the Autonomous
Systems, each one designed to transport information efficiently. Routing
protocols aim to find paths between nodes whenever it is possible (i.e., the
network is not partitioned), or to find paths verifying specific constraints
(e.g., a certain QoS is required). As connectivity is a measure related to both
of them (partitions and selected paths) this work provides a formal lower bound
to it based on core-decomposition, under certain conditions, and low complexity
algorithms to find it. We apply them to analyze maps obtained from the
prominent Internet mapping projects, using the LaNet-vi open-source software
for its visualization
Quantum Coulomb glass - Hartree-Fock approximation versus exact
  diagonalization

We investigate the behavior of disordered interacting electrons in the
insulating regime. Our study is based on the quantum Coulomb glass model which
is obtained from the classical Coulomb glass by adding hopping matrix elements
between neighboring sites. We use two different numerical methods, viz. a
Hartree-Fock approximation and an exact diagonalization and compare the results
for the tunneling density of states and the localization properties in order to
determine the range of validity of the Hartree-Fock method. We find that the
Hartree-Fock method gives a good approximation for the density of states for
all energies but represents the localization properties correctly close to the
Fermi level only. Some consequences for the localization of disordered
interacting electrons are discussed.Comment: 3 pages RevTeX, 2 figures, to appear in Proc. VII Int. Conf. on
  Hopping and Related Phenomen
Searches for neutral Higgs bosons in e+e- collisions at centre-of-mass
  energies from 192 to 202GeV

Searches for neutral Higgs bosons are performed with the 237 pb-1 of data
collected in 1999 by the ALEPH detector at LEP, for centre-of-mass energies
between 191.6 and 201.6 GeV. These searches apply to Higgs bosons within the
context of the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM)
as well as to invisibly decaying Higgs bosons. No evidence of a signal is seen.
A lower limit on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson of 107.7 GeV/c2 at
95% confidence level is set. In the MSSM, lower limits of 91.2 and 91.6 GeV/c2
are derived for the masses of the neutral Higgs bosons h and A, respectively.
For a Higgs boson decaying invisibly and produced with the Standard Model cross
section, masses below 106.4 GeV/c2 are excluded.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure