pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A platform for the development of patient applications in the domain of personalized health

Personalized health (p-health) systems can contribute significantly to the sustainability of healthcare systems, though their feasibility is yet to be proven. One of the problems related to their development is the lack of well-established development tools for this domain. As the p-health paradigm is focused on patient self-management, big challenges arise around the design and implementation of patient systems. This paper presents a reference platform created for the development of these applications, and shows the advantages of its adoption in a complex project dealing with cardio-vascular diseases
Grain size gradient length scale in ballistic properties optimization of functionally graded nanocrystalline steel plates

The last few years have highlighted the existence of two relevant length scales in the quest to ultrahigh-strength polycrystalline metals. Whereas the microstructural length scale – e.g. grain or twin size – has mainly be linked to the well-established Hall–Petch relationship, the sample length scale – e.g. nanopillar size – has also proven to be at least as relevant, especially in microscale structures. In this letter, a series of ballistic tests on functionally graded nanocrystalline plates are used as a basis for the justification of a “grain size gradient length scale” as an additional ballistic properties optimization parameter
Analysis of the discharge capacity of radial-gated spillways using CFD and ANN - Oliana Dam case study.

The paper focuses on the analysis of radial-gated spillways, which is carried out by the solution of a numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM). The Oliana Dam is considered as a case study and the discharge capacity is predicted both by the application of a level-set-based free-surface solver and by the use of traditional empirical formulations. The results of the analysis are then used for training an artificial neural network to allow real-time predictions of the discharge in any situation of energy head and gate opening within the operation range of the reservoir. The comparison of the results obtained with the different methods shows that numerical models such as the FEM can be useful as a predictive tool for the analysis of the hydraulic performance of radial-gated spillways
Influence of fabrication steps on optical and electrical properties of InN thin films

This paper reports on a case study of the impact of fabrication steps on InN material properties. We discuss the influence of annealing time and sequence of device processing steps. Photoluminescence (PL), surface morphology and electrical transport (electrical resistivity and low frequency noise) properties have been studied as responses to the adopted fabrication steps. Surface morphology has a strong correlation with annealing times, while sequences of fabrication steps do not appear to be influential. In contrast, the optical and electrical properties demonstrate correlation with both etching and thermal annealing. For all the studied samples PL peaks were in the vicinity of 0.7 eV, but the intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) demonstrate a dependence on the technological steps followed. Sheet resistance and electrical resistivity seem to be lower in the case of high defect introduction due to both etching and thermal treatments. The same effect is revealed through 1/f noise level measurements. A reduction of electrical resistivity is connected to an increase in 1/f noise level
Viscous oscillations in a circular cylinder with an elastic cover on the free surface

The effects of an elastic membrane on the viscous oscillations of liquid filling a circular cylindrical13; container are studied by using the natural viscous complex eigenfunctions of the problem. The free surface of the13; liquid is assumed to be fully covered by the membrane. By projecting the governing equations onto an appropriate13; basis, a nonlinear eigenvalue problem for the complex frequencies is obtained. This is then solved to obtain the13; modal frequencies as a function of the Reynolds number Re, the tension parameter x3C4;, the mass parameter x3B6; and the13; liquid depth h. The zero velocity conditions on both the side and bottom walls are satisfied unlike in earlier studies where either only the sidewall or only the bottom wall conditions were met. Results are presented for the four lowest non-axisymmetric modes as a function of Re, h, x3C4; and x3B6;. The elastic cover increases the slosh frequencies but only in comparison with an uncovered free surface with a contact line that is free to move; the frequencies are lower when compared with those of a free surface with pinned contact line. There are ranges of Re, h, x3C4; and x3B6; for which the oscillations are overdamped and the sloshing is aperiodic. Though the frequencies and damping rates decrease13; for an increasing mass of the elastic cover, there exist ranges of Re, h and x3C4; for which the heavier cover produces13; higher slosh frequencies
Phonon-driven spin-Floquet magneto-valleytronics in MoS2

Two-dimensional materials equipped with strong spin&#8211;orbit coupling can display novel electronic, spintronic, and topological properties originating from the breaking of time or inversion symmetry. A lot of interest has focused on the valley degrees of freedom that can be used to encode binary information. By performing ab initio time-dependent density functional simulation on MoS2, here we show that the spin is not only locked to the valley momenta but strongly coupled to the optical E″ phonon that lifts the lattice mirror symmetry. Once the phonon is pumped so as to break time-reversal symmetry, the resulting Floquet spectra of the phonon-dressed spins carry a net out-of-plane magnetization (&#8776;0.024μB for single-phonon quantum) even though the original system is non-magnetic. This dichroic magnetic response of the valley states is general for all 2H semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides and can be probed and controlled by infrared coherent laser excitation
Effect of microscopic disorder on magnetic properties of metamaterials

We analyze the effect of microscopic disorder on the macroscopic properties of composite metamaterials and study how weak statistically independent fluctuations of the parameters of the structure elements can modify their collective magnetic response and left-handed properties. We demonstrate that even a weak microscopic disorder may lead to a substantial modification of the metamaterial magnetic properties, and a 10% deviation in the parameters of the microscopic resonant elements may lead to a substantial suppression of the wave propagation in a wide frequency range. A noticeable suppression occurs also if more than 10% of the resonant magnetic elements possess strongly different properties, and in the latter case the defects can create an additional weak resonant line. These results are of a key importance for characterizing and optimizing novel composite metamaterials with the left-handed properties at terahertz and optical frequencies
The FAAH inhibitor URB597 suppresses hippocampal maximal dentate afterdischarges and restores seizure-induced impairment of short and long-term synaptic plasticity

Synthetic cannabinoids and phytocannabinoids have been shown to suppress seizures both in humans and experimental models of epilepsy. However, they generally have a detrimental effect on memory and memory-related processes. Here we compared the effect of the inhibition of the endocannabinoid (eCB) degradation versus synthetic CB agonist on limbic seizures induced by maximal dentate activation (MDA) acute kindling. Moreover, we investigated the dentate gyrus (DG) granule cell reactivity and synaptic plasticity in naïve and in MDA-kindled anaesthetised rats. We found that both the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 and the synthetic cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 displayed AM251-sensitive anti-seizure effects. WIN55,212-2, dose-dependently (0.5-2 mg/kg, i.p.) impaired short-term plasticity (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) at perforant path-DG synapses in naïve rats. Strikingly, URB597 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of any deleterious effects in normal conditions, while it prevented seizure-induced alterations of both STP and LTP. Our evidence indicates that boosting the eCB tone rather than general CB1 activation might represent a potential strategy for the development of a new class of drugs for treatment of both seizures and comorbid memory impairments associated with epilepsy.peer-reviewe
Meteorological Controls on Local and Regional Volcanic Ash Dispersal

Volcanic ash has the capacity to impact human health, livestock, crops and infrastructure, including international air traffic. For recent major eruptions, information on the volcanic ash plume has been combined with relatively coarse-resolution meteorological model output to provide simulations of regional ash dispersal, with reasonable success on the scale of hundreds of kilometres. However, to predict and mitigate these impacts locally, significant improvements in modelling capability are required. Here, we present results from a dynamic meteorological-ash-dispersion model configured with sufficient resolution to represent local topographic and convectively-forced flows. We focus on an archetypal volcanic setting, Soufrière, St Vincent, and use the exceptional historical records of the 1902 and 1979 eruptions to challenge our simulations. We find that the evolution and characteristics of ash deposition on St Vincent and nearby islands can be accurately simulated when the wind shear associated with the trade wind inversion and topographically-forced flows are represented. The wind shear plays a primary role and topographic flows a secondary role on ash distribution on local to regional scales. We propose a new explanation for the downwind ash deposition maxima, commonly observed in volcanic eruptions, as resulting from the detailed forcing of mesoscale meteorology on the ash plume
The role of historical context in understanding past climate, pollution and health data in trans-disciplinary studies: reply to comments on More et al. 2017

Understanding the context from which evidence emerges is of paramount importance in reaching robust conclusions in scientific inquiries. This is as true of the present as it is of the past. In a trans‐disciplinary study such as More et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GH000064) and many others appearing in this and similar journals, a proper analysis of context demands the use of historical evidence. This includes demographic, epidemiological, and socio‐economic data—common in many studies of the impact of anthropogenic pollution on human health—and, as in this specific case, also geoarchaeological evidence. These records anchor climate and pollution data in the geographic and human circumstances of history, without which we lose a fundamental understanding of the data itself. This article addresses Hinkley (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GH000105) by highlighting the importance of context, focusing on the historical and archaeological evidence, and then discussing atmospheric deposition and circulation in the specific region of our study. Since many of the assertions in Bindler (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018GH000135) are congruent with our findings and directly contradict Hinkley (2018), this reply refers to Bindler (2018), whenever appropriate, and indicates where our evidence diverges
Two-Stage Augmented Kernel Matrix for Object Recognition

Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) has become a preferred choice for information fusion in image recognition problem. Aim of MKL is to learn optimal combination of kernels formed from different features, thus, to learn importance of different feature spaces for classification. Augmented Kernel Matrix (AKM) has recently been proposed to accommodate for the fact that a single training example may have different importance in different feature spaces, in contrast to MKL that assigns same weight to all examples in one feature space. However, AKM approach is limited to small datasets due to its memory requirements. We propose a novel two stage technique to make AKM applicable to large data problems. In first stage various kernels are combined into different groups automatically using kernel alignment. Next, most influential training examples are identified within each group and used to construct an AKM of significantly reduced size. This reduced size AKM leads to same results as the original AKM. We demonstrate that proposed two stage approach is memory efficient and leads to better performance than original AKM and is robust to noise. Results are compared with other state-of-the art MKL techniques, and show improvement on challenging object recognition benchmarks
A tale of two islands: population history and mitochondrial DNA sequence variation of Bioko and São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea

The hypervariable segment I of the control region of the mtDNA was sequenced in 45 unrelated individuals from Bioko and 50 from São Tomé, two islands in the Gulf of Guinea that have had very different settlement patterns: Bioko was colonized around 10000 BP, while São Tomé was first settled by the Portuguese, who brought African slaves to the island. Two different patterns of sequence variation are evident and are also clearly a consequence of their very different demographic histories. The Bubi present a low genetic diversity and it is likely that the island was colonized by a small number of individuals with small later migration. São Tomeans might be considered a subset of a mainland African population relocated to the island. They present high genetic diversity with a high number of sequences being shared with many continental populations. This study, with knowledge of the population history in island populations, strengthens the genetic approach to unravel past demographic events.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6160507.
Studies on Self-Assembled Alkanethiol Monolayers Formed at Applied Potential on Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes

1-Dodecanethiol assembly on polycrystalline gold electrodes at fixed positive potentials has been investigated by chronoamperometry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and the films formed characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that 1-dodecanethiol adsorption on gold is enhanced by application of positive potentials to the electrode surface and that adsorption proceeds faster than in the case of open circuit deposition. Compact defect-free monolayers of capacitance values of 1.1-1.6 muF cm-2 are produced in time intervals as short as 100 s, with no roughness, as demonstrated for the first time by electrochemical impedance analysis. Control of surface potential during alkanethiol assembly appears to improve monolayer quality and to allow for shorter assembly periods. Monolayers can be removed by cycling in alkaline solution or in dilute sulfuric acid. These results are important for the fast construction of defect-free bilayers.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.20039006
Explaining the behavior of joint and marginal Monte Carlo estimators in
  latent variable models with independence assumptions

In latent variable models the parameter estimation can be implemented by
using the joint or the marginal likelihood, based on independence or
conditional independence assumptions. The same dilemma occurs within the
Bayesian framework with respect to the estimation of the Bayesian marginal (or
integrated) likelihood, which is the main tool for model comparison and
averaging. In most cases, the Bayesian marginal likelihood is a high
dimensional integral that cannot be computed analytically and a plethora of
methods based on Monte Carlo integration (MCI) are used for its estimation. In
this work, it is shown that the joint MCI approach makes subtle use of the
properties of the adopted model, leading to increased error and bias in finite
settings. The sources and the components of the error associated with
estimators under the two approaches are identified here and provided in exact
forms. Additionally, the effect of the sample covariation on the Monte Carlo
estimators is examined. In particular, even under independence assumptions the
sample covariance will be close to (but not exactly) zero which surprisingly
has a severe effect on the estimated values and their variability. To address
this problem, an index of the sample's divergence from independence is
introduced as a multivariate extension of covariance. The implications
addressed here are important in the majority of practical problems appearing in
Bayesian inference of multi-parameter models with analogous structures
Frozen light in photonic crystals with degenerate band edge

Consider a plane monochromatic wave incident on a semi-infinite periodic
structure. What happens if the normal component of the transmitted wave group
velocity vanishes? At first sight, zero normal component of the transmitted
wave group velocity simply implies total reflection of the incident wave. But
we demonstrate that total reflection is not the only possible outcome. Instead,
the transmitted wave can appear in the form of a frozen mode with very large
diverging amplitude and either zero, or purely tangential energy flux. The
field amplitude in the transmitted wave can exceed that of the incident wave by
several orders of magnitude. There are two qualitatively different kinds of
frozen mode regime. The first one is associated with a stationary inflection
point of electromagnetic dispersion relation. This phenomenon has been analyzed
in our previous publications. Now, our focus is on the frozen mode regime
related to a degenerate photonic band edge. An advantage of this new phenomenon
is that it can occur in much simpler periodic structures. This spectacular
effect is extremely sensitive to the frequency and direction of propagation of
the incident plane wave. These features can be very attractive in a variety
practical applications, such as higher harmonic generation and wave mixing,
light amplification and lasing, highly efficient superprizms, etc
Multiscale fatigue damage characterization in short glass fiber reinforced polyamide-66

This paper aims at studying fatigue damage behavior of injection molded 30 wt% short glass fiber reinforced polyamide-66 composite (PA66/GF30). The evolution of dynamic modulus, hysteresis area, cyclic creep and temperature during fatigue tests were analyzed and discussed. Damage analyses by X-ray micro-computed tomography (lCT) technique on interrupted fatigue tests at several percentages of total fatigue life were performed to further understand the damage mechanisms and evolution during fatigue
loading. It can be observed that experimental results related to the evolution of dynamic modulus, strain, temperature and energy dissipation are important and consistently complement each other for damage evaluation of PA66/GF30. During fatigue loading, diffuse damage occurs over the entire specimen though the damage does not  necessarily exhibit the same level between different locations inside the specimen.
The lCT analysis of voids characteristics demonstrates that the damage continuously increases during fatigue loading. The damage is developed notably along fiber interface in the form of fiber/matrix interfacial debonding
p-exponent and p-leaders, Part II: Multifractal Analysis. Relations to
  Detrended Fluctuation Analysis

Multifractal analysis studies signals, functions, images or fields via the
fluctuations of their local regularity along time or space, which capture
crucial features of their temporal/spatial dynamics. It has become a standard
signal and image processing tool and is commonly used in numerous applications
of different natures. In its common formulation, it relies on the H\"older
exponent as a measure of local regularity, which is by nature restricted to
positive values and can hence be used for locally bounded functions only. In
this contribution, it is proposed to replace the H\"older exponent with a
collection of novel exponents for measuring local regularity, the
$p$-exponents. One of the major virtues of $p$-exponents is that they can
potentially take negative values. The corresponding wavelet-based multiscale
quantities, the $p$-leaders, are constructed and shown to permit the definition
of a new multifractal formalism, yielding an accurate practical estimation of
the multifractal properties of real-world data. Moreover, theoretical and
practical connections to and comparisons against another multifractal
formalism, referred to as multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, are
achieved. The performance of the proposed $p$-leader multifractal formalism is
studied and compared to previous formalisms using synthetic multifractal
signals and images, illustrating its theoretical and practical benefits. The
present contribution is complemented by a companion article studying in depth
the theoretical properties of $p$-exponents and the rich classification of
local singularities it permits
Fluorescence lifetime estimation method for incomplete decay

A new incomplete decay signal model is proposed to describe the incomplete decay effects in a time- correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) based fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system. Based on this model, we modified a MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to eliminate the incomplete decay effects. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to demonstrate the performances of the proposed approach. Simulations show that the proposed method is insensitive to the laser pulse rate and has a larger lifetime dynamic range compared with previously reported approaches. As far as we know, this new method is the first non-fitting method that can resolve incomplete decay effects for multi-exponential decays
Self-healing composites: A review

Self-healing composites are composite materials capable of automatic recovery when damaged. They are inspired by biological systems such as the human skin which are naturally able to heal themselves. This paper reviews work on self-healing composites with a focus on capsule-based and vascular healing systems. Complementing previous survey articles, the paper provides an updated overview of the various self-healing concepts proposed over the past 15 years, and a comparative analysis of healing mechanisms and fabrication techniques for building capsules and vascular networks. Based on the analysis, factors that influence healing performance are presented to reveal key barriers and potential research directions
The implementation of ISO/IEC 29110 software engineering standards and guides in very small entities

This paper outlines the details of seven case studies involving the pi-lot usage of the new standard ISO/IEC 29110standard ‘Lifecycle Profiles for Very Small Entities’, which was specifically designed by Working Group 24 of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 to address the standardization needs of Very Small Entities (VSEs). The purpose of this paper is to add substantially to the body of knowledge and the literature on the rollout and implementation of this new and evolving standard and to act as guidance for other researchers in the design and implementation of ISO/IEC 29110 case studies. Furthermore it is hoped that that the lessons learnt from these case studies will help promote the adoption of this new standard in an industrial setting