pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Ancillarity-Sufficiency Interweaving Strategy (ASIS) for\ud
Boosting MCMC Estimation of Stochastic Volatility\ud
Models

Bayesian inference for stochastic volatility models using MCMC methods highly depends\ud
on actual parameter values in terms of sampling efficiency. While draws from the posterior\ud
utilizing the standard centered parameterization break down when the volatility of volatility parameter\ud
in the latent state equation is small, non-centered versions of the model show deficiencies\ud
for highly persistent latent variable series. The novel approach of ancillarity-sufficiency\ud
interweaving has recently been shown to aid in overcoming these issues for a broad class of\ud
multilevel models. In this paper, we demonstrate how such an interweaving strategy can be\ud
applied to stochastic volatility models in order to greatly improve sampling efficiency for all\ud
parameters and throughout the entire parameter range. Moreover, this method of "combining\ud
best of different worlds" allows for inference for parameter constellations that have previously\ud
been infeasible to estimate without the need to select a particular parameterization beforehand.Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematic
Effectiveness of individual resource-oriented joint protection education in people with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: The modern joint protection (JP) concept for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an active coping strategy to improve daily tasks and role performance by changing working methods and using assistive devices. Effective group JP education includes psycho-educational interventions. The Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) is an interactive hands-on-tool, assessing (a) the individual's perceived burden of illness and (b) relevant individual resources. Both issues are important for intrinsic motivation to take action and change behaviour. This study compared individual conventional JP education (C-JP) with PRISM-based JP education (PRISM-JP). METHODS: An assessor-blinded multicentre randomized controlled trial, including four JP education sessions over 3 weeks, with assessments at baseline and 3 months. RESULTS: In total 53 RA patients participated. At 3 months, the PRISM-JP (n=26) participants did significantly better compared to the C-JP participants (n=27) in JP behaviour (p=0.02 and p=0.008 when corrected for baseline values), Arthritis Self-efficacy (ASES, p=0.015) and JP self-efficacy (JP-SES, p=0.047). Within-group analysis also showed less hand pain (p<0.001) in PRISM-JP group. CONCLUSION: PRISM-JP more effectively supported learning of JP methods, with meaningful occupations, resource activation and self-efficacy acting as important mediators. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: PRISM improved patient-clinician communication and is feasible for occupational therapy
Martingale properties of self-enforcing debt

Not-too-tight (NTT) debt limits are endogenous restrictions on debt that prevent agents from defaulting and opting for a specified continuation utility, while allowing for maximal credit expansion. For an agent facing some fixed prices for the Arrow securities, we prove that discounted NTT debt limits must differ by a martingale. Discounted debt limits are submartingales (martingales) under an interdiction to trade (borrow), and can be supermartingales under a temporary interdiction to trade. Asset price bubbles limited by the size of the total martingale components in debt limits can be sustained in equilibrium. They can counteract the effects of a credit tightening in the economy.
Random breath testing in Queensland and Western Australia: Examination of how the random breath testing rate influences alcohol related traffic crash rates

In this paper we explore the relationship between monthly random breath testing (RBT) rates (per 1000 licensed drivers) and alcohol-related traffic crash (ARTC) rates over time, across two Australian states: Queensland and Western Australia. We analyse the RBT, ARTC and licensed driver rates across 12 years; however, due to administrative restrictions, we model ARTC rates against RBT rates for the period July 2004 to June 2009.  The Queensland data reveals that the monthly ARTC rate is almost flat over the five year period. Based on the results of the analysis, an average of 5.5 ARTCs per 100,000 licensed drivers are observed across the study period. For the same period, the monthly rate of RBTs per 1000 licensed drivers is observed to be decreasing across the study with the results of the analysis revealing no significant variations in the data.  The comparison between Western Australia and Queensland shows that Queensland's ARTC monthly percent change (MPC) is 0.014 compared to the MPC of 0.47 for Western Australia. While Queensland maintains a relatively flat ARTC rate, the ARTC rate in Western Australia is increasing. Our analysis reveals an inverse relationship between ARTC RBT rates, that for every 10% increase in the percentage of RBTs to licensed driver there is a 0.15 decrease in the rate of ARTCs per 100,000 licenced drivers. Moreover, in Western Australia, if the 2011 ratio of 1:2 (RBTs to annual number of licensed drivers) were to double to a ratio of 1:1, we estimate the number of monthly ARTCs would reduce by approximately 15.  Based on these findings we believe that as the number of RBTs conducted increases the number of drivers willing to risk being detected for drinking driving decreases, because the perceived risk of being detected is considered greater. This is turn results in the number of ARTCs diminishing. The results of this study provide an important evidence base for policy decisions for RBT operations.Full Tex
A BARE MOLECULAR CLOUD AT z similar to 0.45

Several neutral species (Mg I, Si I, Ca I, Fe I) have been detected in a weak Mg II absorption line system (W-r (2796) similar to 0.15 angstrom) at z similar to 0.45 along the sightline toward HE0001-2340. These observations require extreme physical conditions, as noted in D\u27Odorico. We place further constraints on the properties of this system by running a wide grid of photoionization models, determining that the absorbing cloud that produces the neutral absorption is extremely dense (similar to 100-1000 cm(-3)), cold (<100 K), and has significant molecular content (similar to 72%-94%). Structures of this size and temperature have been detected in Milky Way CO surveys and have been predicted in hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent gas. In order to explain the observed line profiles in all neutral and singly ionized chemical transitions, the lines must suffer from unresolved saturation and/or the absorber must partially cover the broad emission line region of the background quasar. In addition to this highly unusual cloud, three other ordinary weak Mg II clouds (within densities of similar to 0.005 cm(-3) and temperatures of similar to 10,000 K) lie within 500 km s(-1) along the same sightline. We suggest that the "bare molecular cloud," which appears to reside outside of a galaxy disk, may have had in situ star formation and may evolve into an ordinary weak Mg II absorbing cloud
NSort/DB: an intra-nuclear compartment protein database

Distinct substructures within the nucleus are associated with a wide variety of important nuclear processes. Structures such as chromatin and nuclear pores have specific roles, while others such as Cajal bodies are more functionally varied. Understanding the roles of these membraneless intra-nuclear compartments requires extensive data sets covering nuclear and compartment-associated proteins. NSort/DB is a database providing access to intra- or sub-nuclear compartment associations for the mouse nuclear proteome. Based on resources ranging from large-scale curated data sets to detailed experiments, this data set provides a high-quality set of annotations of non-exclusive association of nuclear proteins with structures such as promyelocytic leukaemia bodies and chromatin. The database is searchable by protein identifier or compartment, and has a documented web service API. The search interface, web service and data download are all freely available online at http://www.nsort.org/db/. Availability of this data set will enable systematic analyses of the protein complements of nuclear compartments, improving our understanding of the diverse functional repertoire of these structures
Breathing 100% oxygen during water immersion improves postimmersion cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress

Physiological compensation to postural stress is weakened after long-duration water immersion (WI), thus predisposing individuals to orthostatic intolerance. This study was conducted to compare hemodynamic responses to postural stress following exposure to WI alone (Air WI), hyperbaric oxygen alone in a hyperbaric chamber (O2HC), and WI combined with hyperbaric oxygen (O2WI), all at a depth of 1.35 ATA, and to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen is protective of orthostatic tolerance. Thirty-two healthy men underwent up to 15 min of 70Â° head-up tilt (HUT) testing before and after a single 6-h resting exposure to Air WI (N = 10), O2HC (N = 12), or O2WI (N = 10). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), forearm blood flow (FBF), and systemic and forearm vascular resistance (SVR and FVR) were measured. Although all subjects completed HUT before Air WI, three subjects reached presyncope after Air WI exposure at 10.4, 9.4, and 6.9 min. HUT time did not change after O2WI or O2HC exposures. Compared to preexposure responses, HR increased (+10 and +17%) and systolic BP (-13 and -8%), and SV (-16 and -23%) decreased during HUT after Air WI and O2WI, respectively. In contrast, HR and SV did not change, and systolic (+5%) and diastolic BP (+10%) increased after O2HC. Q decreased (-13 and -7%) and SVR increased (+12 and +20%) after O2WI and O2HC, respectively, whereas SVR decreased (-9%) after Air WI. Opposite patterns were evident following Air WI and O2HC for FBF (-26 and +52%) and FVR (+28 and -30%). Therefore, breathing hyperbaric oxygen during WI may enhance post-WI cardiovascular compensatory responses to orthostatic stress
The classical nonlinear Schrödinger model with a new integrable boundary.

A new integrable boundary for the classical nonlinear Schrödinger model is derived by dressing a boundary with a defect. A complete investigation of the integrability of the new boundary is carried out in the sense that the boundary   K  matrix is derived and the integrability is proved via the classical r-matrix. The issue of conserved charges is also discussed. The key point in proving the integrability of the new boundary is the use of suitable modified Poisson brackets. Finally, concerning the kind of defect used in the present context, this investigation offers the opportunity to prove — beyond any doubts — their integrability
Programmed cell death in pathogenic fungi.

addresses: School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, UK. M.Ramsdale@exeter.ac.uktypes: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; ReviewCopyright © 2008 Elsevier. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2008, Vol. 1783, Issue 7, pp. 1369 – 1380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.021Greater understanding of programmed cell death (PCD) responses in pathogenic fungi may offer a chance of exploiting the fungal molecular death machinery to control fungal infections. Clearly identifiable differences between the death machineries of pathogens and their hosts, make this a feasible target. Evidence for PCD in a range of pathogenic fungi is discussed alongside an evaluation of the capacity of existing antifungal agents to promote apoptosis and other forms of cell death. Information about death related signalling pathways that have been examined in pathogens as diverse as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Magnaporthe grisea and Colletotrichum trifolii are discussed
Detection of VHE gamma-ray emission from the distant blazar 1ES 1101-232
  with H.E.S.S. and broadband characterisation

The blazar 1ES 1101-232 was observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System
(H.E.S.S.) of Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (ACT) in 2004 and 2005, for a
live time of 43 hours. VHE (E > 10^11 eV) gamma-rays were detected for the
first time from this object. VHE observations of blazars are used to
investigate the inner parts of the blazar jets, and also to study the
extragalactic background light (EBL) in the near-infrared band. Observations in
2005 were conducted in a multiwavelength campaign, together with the RXTE
satellite and optical observations. In 2004, simultaneous observations with
XMM-Newton were obtained. 1ES 1101-232 was detected with H.E.S.S. with an
excess of 649 photons, at a significance of 10 sigma. The measured VHE
gamma-ray flux amounts to dN/dE = (5.63 +- 0.89) x 10^-13 (E/TeV)^-(2.94 +-
0.20) cm^-2 s^-1 TeV^-1, above a spectral energy threshold of 225 GeV. No
significant variation of the VHE gamma-ray flux on any time scale was found.
1ES 1101-232 exhibits a very hard spectrum, and at a redshift of z=0.186, is
the blazar with the highest confirmed redshift detected in VHE gamma-rays so
far. The data allow the construction of truly simultaneous spectral energy
distributions of the source, from the optical to the VHE band. Using an EBL
model with \nu F_\nu = 14 nW m^-2 sr^-1 at 1.5 \mu m as presented in Aharonian
et al. (Nature, 2006, 440, 1018) suggests an intrinsic VHE power output peak of
the source at above 3 TeV.Comment: 18 Pages, 6 Figures, accepted for publication in A&A; v2 includes
  minor change
Down-hole heavy crude oil upgrading by CAPRI:Effect of hydrogen and methane gases upon upgrading and coke formation

Heavy oil and bitumen resources will need to be exploited to supplement depleting conventional oils worldwide as they gradually approach their peak production in the forthcoming decades. However, the physico-chemical characteristics of heavy oil and bitumen include high density, low distillates fraction, high viscosity, and high hetero-atom content which make extraction difficult and relatively expensive. The Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) and ‘add-on’ Catalytic upgrading process in situ (CAPRI) were specifically developed for the recovery and upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen. In this study, the effects of reaction gas media used in THAI–CAPRI were investigated, in particular the effects of using hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, and a blended gas mixture to simulate THAI combustion gases with Co–Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst at a reaction temperature of 425 °C, pressure 10 bar, and gas-to-oil ratio 50 mL mL−1. Ex situ regeneration of the spent catalyst by thermal oxidation of the asphaltenes and coke deposits was also investigated. It was found that the average changes in API gravity of the produced oil were 4° using hydrogen, 3° with methane, 2.9° with THAI gas, and 2.7° with nitrogen above the value of 14° API gravity for the feed oil. The viscosity reduction and conversion of hydrocarbons with boiling point 343 °C+ into lower boiling distillable fractions followed the same trend as the API gravity. The percentage loss in specific surface areas as a result of coke deposition in the different reaction gases were as follows: 57.2% for hydrogen, 68% for methane, and 96% for nitrogen relative to the surface area of the fresh catalyst of 214.4 m2 g−1. It was found that the spent catalyst contained 6 and 3 wt.% less coke after six hours operation when using hydrogen and methane reaction gases respectively compared to 23.5 wt.% coke content in a nitrogen atmosphere. Also, 48.5% of the catalyst specific surface area was recovered after oxidative regeneration
On $px^2 + q^{2n}= y^p$ and related Diophantine equations

The title equation, where $p>3$ is a prime number $\not\equiv 7 \pmod 8$, $q$
is an odd prime number and $x,y,n$ are positive integers with $x,y$ relatively
prime, is studied. When $p\equiv 3\pmod 8$, we prove (Theorem 2.3) that there
are no solutions. For $p\not\equiv 3\pmod 8$ the treatment of the equation
turns out to be a difficult task. We focus our attention to $p=5$, by reason of
an article by F. Abu Muriefah, published in this journal, vol. 128 (2008),
1670-1675. Our main result concerning this special equation is Theorem 1.1,
whose proof is based on results around the Diophantine equation $5x^2-4=y^n$
(integer solutions), interesting in themselves, which are exposed in Sections 3
and 4. These last results are obtained by using tools such as Linear Forms in
Two Logarithms and Hypergeometric Series.Comment: 23 pages, second version with minor revision
Annihilation Rates of Heavy $1^{--}$ S-wave Quarkonia in Salpeter Method

The annihilation rates of vector $1^{--}$ charmonium and bottomonium $^3S_1$
states $V \rightarrow e^+e^-$ and $V\rightarrow 3\gamma$, $V \rightarrow \gamma
gg$ and $V \rightarrow 3g$ are estimated in the relativistic Salpeter method.
We obtained $\Gamma(J/\psi\rightarrow 3\gamma)=6.8\times 10^{-4}$ keV,
$\Gamma(\psi(2S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=2.5\times 10^{-4}$ keV,
$\Gamma(\psi(3S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=1.7\times 10^{-4}$ keV,
$\Gamma(\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=1.5\times 10^{-5}$ keV,
$\Gamma(\Upsilon(2S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=5.7\times 10^{-6}$ keV,
$\Gamma(\Upsilon(3S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=3.5\times 10^{-6}$ keV and
$\Gamma(\Upsilon(4S)\rightarrow 3\gamma)=2.6\times 10^{-6}$ keV. In our
calculations, special attention is paid to the relativistic correction, which
is important and can not be ignored for excited $2S$, $3S$ and higher excited
states.Comment: 10 pages,2 figures, 5 table
Fair scans of the seesaw. Consequences for predictions on LFV processes

Usual analyses based on scans of the seesaw parameter-space can be biassed
since they do not cover in a fair way the complete parameter-space. More
precisely, we show that in the common "R-parametrization", many acceptable
R-matrices, compatible with the perturbativity of Yukawa couplings, are
normally disregarded from the beginning, which produces biasses in the results.
We give a straightforward procedure to scan the space of complex R-matrices in
a complete way, giving a very simple rule to incorporate the perturbativity
requirement as a condition for the entries of the R-matrix, something not
considered before. As a relevant application of this, we show that the extended
believe that BR(mu --> e, gamma) in supersymmetric seesaw models depends
strongly on the value of theta_13 is an "optical effect" produced by such
biassed scans, and does not hold after a careful analytical and numerical
study. When the complete scan is done, BR(mu --> e, gamma) gets very
insensitive to theta_13. Moreover, the values of the branching ratio are
typically larger than those quoted in the literature, due to the large number
of acceptable points in the parameter-space which were not considered before.
Including (unflavoured) leptogenesis does not introduce any further dependence
on theta_13, although decreases the typical value of BR(mu --> e, gamma).Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Born-Infeld Axion-Dilaton Electrodynamics and Electromagnetic
  Confinement

A generalization of Born-Infeld non-linear vacuum electrodynamics involving
axion and dilaton fields is constructed with couplings dictated by
electromagnetic duality and SL(2,R) symmetries in the weak field limit. Besides
the Newtonian gravitational constant the model contains a single fundamental
coupling parameter b0. In the absence of axion and dilaton interactions it
reduces, in the limit as b0 tends to infinity, to Maxwell's linear vacuum
theory while for finite b0 it reduces to the original Born-Infeld model. The
spherically symmetric static sector of the theory is explored in a background
Minkowski spacetime where numerical evidence suggests the existence of
axion-dilaton bound states possessing confined electric flux.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Testing Higgs portal dark matter via $Z$ fusion at a linear collider

We investigate the possibility of detecting dark matter at TeV scale linear
colliders in the scenario where the dark matter is a massive particle weakly
interacting only with the Higgs boson $h$ in the low energy effective theory
(the Higgs portal dark matter scenario). The dark matter in this scenario would
be difficult to be tested at the CERN Large Hadron Collider when the decay of
the Higgs boson into a dark matter pair is not kinematically allowed. We study
whether even in such a case the dark matter $D$ can be explored or not via the
$Z$ boson fusion process at the International Linear Collider and also at a
multi TeV lepton collider. It is found that for the collision energy
$\sqrt{S}>1$ TeV with the integrated luminosity 1 ab$^{-1}$, the signal
($e^{\pm}e^-\to e^{\pm}e^-h^\ast \to e^{\pm}e^-DD$) can be seen after
appropriate kinematic cuts. In particular, when the dark matter is a fermion or
a vector, which is supposed to be singlet under the standard gauge symmetry,
the signal with the mass up to 100 GeV can be tested for the Higgs boson mass
to be 120 GeV.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures and 1 tabl
Giant Relaxation Oscillations in a Very Strongly Hysteretic SQUID
  ring-Tank Circuit System

In this paper we show that the radio frequency (rf) dynamical characteristics
of a very strongly hysteretic SQUID ring, coupled to an rf tank circuit
resonator, display relaxation oscillations. We demonstrate that the the overall
form of these characteristics, together with the relaxation oscillations, can
be modelled accurately by solving the quasi-classical non-linear equations of
motion for the system. We suggest that in these very strongly hysteretic
regimes SQUID ring-resonator systems may find application in novel logic and
memory devices.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Uploaded as implementing a policy of arXiving old
  paper
Many-body spectral statistics of interacting Fermions

We have studied the appearance of chaos in the many-body spectrum of
interacting Fermions. The coupling of a single state to the Fermi sea is
considered. This state is coupled to a hierarchy of states corresponding to one
or several particle-hole excitations. We have considered various couplings
between two successive generations of this hierarchy and determined under which
conditions this coupling can lead to Wigner-Dyson correlations. We have found
that the cross-over from a Poisson to a Wigner distribution is characterized
not only by the ratio $V/\Delta_c$, but also by the ratio $\Delta_c/\delta$.
$V$ is the typical interaction matrix element, $\delta$ is the energy distance
between {\it many-body} states and $\Delta_c$ is the distance between many-body
states coupled by the interaction.Comment: proceedings of "Percolation, Interaction, Localization: Simulations
  of Transport in Disordered Systems", Berlin 98. 10 pages, 10 figure
Global Prescribed Mean Curvature foliations in cosmological spacetimes
  with matter, Part I

This work investigates some global questions about cosmological spacetimes
with two dimensional spherical, plane and hyperbolic symmetry containing
matter. The result is, that these spacetimes admit a global foliation by
prescribed mean curvature surfaces, which extends at least towards a crushing
singularity. The time function of the foliation is geometrically defined and
unique up to the choice of an initial Cauchy surface.
  This work generalizes a similar analysis on constant mean curvature
foliations and avoids the topological obstructions arising from the existence
problem.Comment: 33 pages, no figure