pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns of rainfall and river isotopic chemistry in northern Amazonia (Guyana): From the headwater to the regional scale

AbstractWe use first field-based observations of precipitation and river isotopic chemistry from a three-year study (2009–2011) in rainforest and nearby savannah in central Guyana at the northern rim of the Amazon rainforest to establish the quality of modelled or remotely-sensed datasets. Our 3 years of data capture a reduced rainfall regime in 2009 and an extended wet season in 2010, in contrast to the widely documented Amazonian floods in 2009 and droughts in 2010. Comparisons of observed precipitation with satellite derived TRMM and ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis precipitation show that both of these data sets capture the general pattern of seasonality, but substantially underestimate rainfall amounts in the primary wet season (by up to 50% and 72% respectively). The TRMM dataset is generally better at characterising the main dry season from September to December but the ERA-Interim model can overestimate precipitation in the dry season by up to 175%. Our new data on isotopic chemistry of river waters show that δ2H/δ18O values in this region are broadly consistent with interpolated global datasets of modelled precipitation isotopic signatures. The dominance of isotopically lighter water derived from the rains of the ITCZ during the wet season provides evidence of the close coupling of water chemistry of headwater rivers on the northern rim of Amazonia to the positioning of the ITCZ over the region. Our results highlight the challenge in understanding and representing local scale hydrological and biogeochemical characteristics using regional scale model data. We argue that combining point and local scale field data with larger scale model data is necessary to progress towards a comprehensive understanding of climate–hydrology interactions in Amazonia
Functional anatomy of the colonic bioreactor: Impact of antibiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii on bacterial composition in human fecal cylinders

AbstractSections of fecal cylinders were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting 180 bacterial groups. Samples were collected from three groups of women (N=20 each) treated for bacterial vaginosis with ciprofloxacin+metronidazole. Group A only received the combined antibiotic regimen, whereas the A/Sb group received concomitant Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 treatment, and the A_Sb group received S. boulardii prophylaxis following the 14-day antibiotic course. The number of stool cylinders analyzed was 188 out of 228 in group A, 170 out of 228 in group A/Sb, and 172 out of 216 in group A_Sb.The colonic biomass was organized into a separate mucus layer with no bacteria, a 10–30μm broad unstirred transitional layer enriched with bacteria, and a patchy fermentative area that mixed digestive leftovers with bacteria. The antibiotics suppressed bacteria mainly in the fermentative area, whereas abundant bacterial clades retreated to the transitional mucus and survived. As a result, the total concentration of bacteria decreased only by one order. These effects were lasting, since the overall recovery of the microbial mass, bacterial diversity and concentrations were still below pre-antibiotic values 4 months after the end of antibiotic treatment. Sb-prophylaxis markedly reduced antibiotic effects and improved the recovery rates. Since the colon is a sophisticated bioreactor, the study indicated that the spatial anatomy of its biomass was crucial for its function
Centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in sNN=5.02 TeV proton–lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

AbstractMeasurements of the centrality and rapidity dependence of inclusive jet production in sNN=5.02 TeV proton–lead (p+Pb) collisions and the jet cross-section in s=2.76 TeV proton–proton collisions are presented. These quantities are measured in datasets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27.8 nb−1 and 4.0 pb−1, respectively, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2013. The p+Pb collision centrality was characterised using the total transverse energy measured in the pseudorapidity interval −4.9<η<−3.2 in the direction of the lead beam. Results are presented for the double-differential per-collision yields as a function of jet rapidity and transverse momentum (pT) for minimum-bias and centrality-selected p+Pb collisions, and are compared to the jet rate from the geometric expectation. The total jet yield in minimum-bias events is slightly enhanced above the expectation in a pT-dependent manner but is consistent with the expectation within uncertainties. The ratios of jet spectra from different centrality selections show a strong modification of jet production at all pT at forward rapidities and for large pT at mid-rapidity, which manifests as a suppression of the jet yield in central events and an enhancement in peripheral events. These effects imply that the factorisation between hard and soft processes is violated at an unexpected level in proton–nucleus collisions. Furthermore, the modifications at forward rapidities are found to be a function of the total jet energy only, implying that the violations may have a simple dependence on the hard parton–parton kinematics
Mechanical chest compression devices at in-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AbstractAimTo summarise the evidence in relation to the routine use of mechanical chest compression devices during resuscitation from in-hospital cardiac arrest.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies which compared the effect of the use of a mechanical chest compression device with manual chest compressions in adults that sustained an in-hospital cardiac arrest. Critical outcomes were survival with good neurological outcome, survival at hospital discharge or 30-days, and short-term survival (ROSC/1-h survival). Important outcomes included physiological outcomes. We synthesised results in a random-effects meta-analysis or narrative synthesis, as appropriate. Evidence quality in relation to each outcome was assessed using the GRADE system.Data sourcesStudies were identified using electronic databases searches (Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL), forward and backward citation searching, and review of reference lists of manufacturer documentation.ResultsEight papers, containing nine studies [689 participants], were included. Three studies were randomised controlled trials. Meta-analyses showed an association between use of mechanical chest compression device and improved hospital or 30-day survival (odds ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.42–3.85) and short-term survival (odds ratio 2.14, 95% CI 1.11–4.13). There was also evidence of improvements in physiological outcomes. Overall evidence quality in relation to all outcomes was very low.ConclusionsMechanical chest compression devices may improve patient outcome, when used at in-hospital cardiac arrest. However, the quality of current evidence is very low. There is a need for randomised trials to evaluate the effect of mechanical chest compression devices on survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest
Exact results for corner contributions to the entanglement entropy and Rényi entropies of free bosons and fermions in 3d

AbstractIn the presence of a sharp corner in the boundary of the entanglement region, the entanglement entropy (EE) and Rényi entropies for 3d CFTs have a logarithmic term whose coefficient, the corner function, is scheme-independent. In the limit where the corner becomes smooth, the corner function vanishes quadratically with coefficient σ for the EE and σn for the Rényi entropies. For a free real scalar and a free Dirac fermion, we evaluate analytically the integral expressions of Casini, Huerta, and Leitao to derive exact results for σ and σn for all n=2,3,… . The results for σ agree with a recent universality conjecture of Bueno, Myers, and Witczak-Krempa that σ/CT=π2/24 in all 3d CFTs, where CT is the central charge. For the Rényi entropies, the ratios σn/CT do not indicate similar universality. However, in the limit n→∞, the asymptotic values satisfy a simple relationship and equal 1/(4π2) times the asymptotic values of the free energy of free scalars/fermions on the n-covered 3-sphere
Hidden conformal symmetry of warped AdS3 black holes

AbstractWe show that for a certain low frequency limit, the wave equation of a generic massive scalar field in the background of the spacelike warped AdS3 black hole can be written as the Casimir of an SL(2,R) symmetry. Two sets of SL(2,R) generators are found which uncover the hidden SL(2,R)×SL(2,R) symmetry of the solution. This symmetry is only defined locally and is spontaneously broken to U(1)×U(1) by a periodic identification of the ϕ coordinate. By using the generator of the identification we read the left and right temperatures (TL,TR) of the proposed dual conformal field theory which are in complete agreement with the WAdS/CFT conjecture. Moreover, under the above condition of the scalar wave frequency, the absorption cross section of the scalar field is consistent with the two-point function of the dual CFT
“Kerrr” black hole: The lord of the string

AbstractKerrr in the title is not a typo. The third “r” stands for regular, in the sense of pathology-free rotating black hole. We exhibit a long search-for, exact, Kerr-like, solution of the Einstein equations with novel features: (i) no curvature ring singularity; (ii) no “anti-gravity” universe with causality violating time-like closed world-lines; (iii) no “super-luminal” matter disk.The ring singularity is replaced by a classical, circular, rotating string with Planck tension representing the inner engine driving the rotation of all the surrounding matter.The resulting geometry is regular and smoothly interpolates among inner Minkowski space, borderline de Sitter and outer Kerr universe. The key ingredient to cure all unphysical features of the ordinary Kerr black hole is the choice of a “non-commutative geometry inspired” matter source as the input for the Einstein equations, in analogy with spherically symmetric black holes described in earlier works
Born–Infeld electrodynamics in very special relativity

AbstractIn this work we discuss the properties of a modified Born–Infeld electrodynamics in the framework of very special relativity (VSR). This proposal allows us to study VSR mass effects in a gauge-invariant context of nonlinear electrodynamics. It is analyzed in detail the electrostatic solutions for two different cases, as well as the VSR dispersion relations are found to be of a massive particle with nonlinear modifications. Afterwards, the field energy and static potential are computed, in the latter we find from the VSR contribution a novel long-range 1/L3 correction to the Coulomb potential, in contrast to the 1/L5 correction of the usual Born–Infeld theory
Adiabatic and isocurvature fluctuations of Affleck–Dine field in D-term inflation model

AbstractWe reconsider fluctuations of Affleck–Dine (AD) field in a D-term inflation model. Contrary to the previous analysis, we find that the spectrum of the adiabatic fluctuations is almost scale invariant even if the AD field has a large initial value. Furthermore, we study the isocurvature fluctuations of the AD field and estimate the ratio of the isocurvature to adiabatic power spectrum. The dynamics of the inflaton and AD fields sets the upper bound for the value of the AD field, leading to a lower limit for isocurvature perturbation. It is shown that the recent cosmic microwave background data give a constraint on the D-term inflation and the AD field
Factors influencing decision of general practitioners and managers to train and employ a nurse practitioner or physician assistant in primary care: a qualitative study

Contains fulltext :
                  170013.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing demand on primary care, it is not only debated whether there are enough general practitioners (GPs) to comply with these demands but also whether specific tasks can be performed by other care providers. Although changing the workforce skill mix care by employing Physician Assistants (PAs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) has proven to be both effective and safe, the implementation of those professionals differs widely between and within countries. To support policy making regarding PAs/NPs in primary care, the aim of this study is to provide insight into factors influencing the decision of GPs and managers to train and employ a PA/NP within their organisation. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted in 2014 in which 7 managers of out-of-hours primary care services and 32 GPs who owned a general practice were interviewed. Three main topic areas were covered in the interviews: the decision-making process in the organisation, considerations and arguments to train and employ a PA/NP, and the tasks and responsibilities of a PA/NP. RESULTS: Employment of PAs/NPs in out-of-hours services was intended to substitute care for minor ailments in order to decrease GPs' caseload or to increase service capacity. Mangers formulated long-term planning and role definitions when changing workforce skill mix. Lastly, out-of-hours services experienced difficulties with creating team support among their members regarding the employment of PAs/NPs. In general practices during office hours, GPs indented both substitution and supplementation for minor ailments and/or target populations through changing the skill mix. Supplementation was aimed at improving quality of care and extending the range of services to patients. The decision-making in general practices was accompanied with little planning and role definition. The willingness to employ PAs/NPs was highly influenced by an employees' motivation to start the master's programme and GPs' prior experience with PAs/NPs. Knowledge about the PA/NP profession and legislations was often lacking. CONCLUSIONS: Role standardisations, long-term political planning and support from professional associations are needed to support policy makers in implementing skill mix in primary care
Resistance of endodontically treated roots restored with different fibre post systems with or without post space preparation: in vitro analysis and SEM investigation.

Aim: To compare the mechanical resistance to fracture of two conical post systems placed with no preparation of the root canal with that of double taper fibre posts seated in endodontically treated single roots after standard post space preparation using dedicated drills. Methodology: Thirty fibre posts with double (G1, n = 10, DT Light Post) and single taper (G2, n = 10, SurgiPost Multiconical; G3, n = 10, Tech ES Endoshape) were luted with self-adhesive cement in endodontically treated single roots using different post space preparation techniques. The bonded posts were experimentally loaded until failure and the maximum load to fracture was registered. Fracture patterns were qualitatively evaluated and SEM analysis was performed to assess the quality of endodontic treatments and cementation. Data were statistically analysed by means of one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean maximum load to fracture was 165.05  23.46 N in G1, 151.52  16.23 N in G2 and 129.09  15.25 N in G3. Statistically significant differences were pointed out between G1 and G3 (p < 0.01) and G2 and G3 (p < 0.05). No root fractures were evidenced. SEM analyses showed slightly thicker cement ayers at the apical and middle thirds of single taper posts (G2 and G3). Conclusions: DT Light Post and SurgiPost Multiconical fibre posts showed similar properties in terms of mechanical resistance to fracture and higher than those of Tech ES Endoshape. Unrestorable root fractures did not occur with any of the tested posts
Constraining Spacetime Nonmetricity with Neutron Spin Rotation in Liquid
  He-4

General spacetime nonmetricity coupled to neutrons is studied. In this
context, it is shown that certain nonmetricity components can generate a
rotation of the neutron's spin. Available data on this effect obtained from
slow-neutron propagation in liquid helium are used to constrain isotropic
nonmetricity components at the level of $10^{-22}\,$GeV. These results
represent the first limit on the nonmetricity $\zeta^{(6)}_2S_{000}$ parameter
as well as the first measurement of nonmetricity inside matter.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in Physics Letters
Study of hadronic event-shape variables in multijet final states in pp collisions at √s = 7 tev

Event-shape variables, which are sensitive to perturbative and nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamic (QCD) interactions, are studied in multijet events recorded in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7TeV. Events are selected with at least one jet with transverse momentum pT > 110 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| < 2.4, in a data sample corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5 fb−1. The distributions of five event-shape variables in various leading jet pT ranges are compared to predictions from different QCD Monte Carlo event generators. © CERN 2014. All rights reserved.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for pair-produced resonances decaying to jet pairs in proton-proton collisions at √s= 8TeV

Results are reported of a general search for pair production of heavy resonances decaying to pairs of hadronic jets in events with at least four jets. The study is based on up to 19.4 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. Limits are determined on the production of scalar top quarks (top squarks) in the framework of R-parity violating supersymmetry and on the production of color-octet vector bosons (colorons). First limits at the LHC are placed on top squark production for two scenarios. The first assumes decay to a bottom quark and a light-flavor quark and is excluded for masses between 200 and 385 GeV, and the second assumes decay to a pair of light-flavor quarks and is excluded for masses between 200 and 350 GeV at 95% confidence level. Previous limits on colorons decaying to light-flavor quarks are extended to exclude masses from 200 to 835 GeV. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Angular analysis of the decay B0 to K*0 mu mu from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

The angular distributions and the differential branching fraction of the decay B0 to K*0(892) mu mu are studied using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.5 inverse femtobarns collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. From 1430 signal decays, the forward-backward asymmetry of the muons, the K*0(892) longitudinal polarization fraction, and the differential branching fraction are determined as a function of the dimuon invariant mass squared. The measurements are among the most precise to date and are in good agreement with standard model predictions
A spatially homogeneous and isotropic Einstein-Dirac cosmology

We consider a spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model where Dirac\ud
spinors are coupled to classical gravity. For the Dirac spinors we choose a Hartree–\ud
Fock ansatz where all one-particle wave functions are coherent and have the same\ud
momentum. If the scale function is large, the universe behaves like the classical\ud
Friedmann dust solution. If however the scale function is small, quantum effects lead\ud
to oscillations of the energy-momentum tensor. It is shown numerically and proven\ud
analytically that these quantum oscillations can prevent the formation of a big bang or\ud
big crunch singularity. The energy conditions are analyzed. We prove the existence\ud
of time-periodic solutions which go through an infinite number of expansion and\ud
contraction cycles
Spatial attention can be allocated rapidly and in parallel to new visual objects

In real-life visual environments, where multiple objects compete for processing, new objects that require immediate attention often appear when attention is already focused elsewhere. The question of whether spatial attention can be directed independently to different locations in the visual field remains controversial [1]. Serial models assume a unitary attentional focus that is directed to one object at a time [2 and 3] and moves rapidly between objects [4 and 5]. According to parallel models, attention can be simultaneously allocated to several visual objects, but the distribution of attention cannot change rapidly when new objects arrive [6]. Here we demonstrate the existence of a fast and flexible mechanism of attentional object selection, where focal attention is allocated in parallel and independently to different target objects. Using event-related brain potential (ERP) markers of visual attention, we show that when two targets appear in rapid succession at different locations, two separate foci of attention are established, each with its own independent time course. Attention can be maintained at its previous location while it is simultaneously allocated to a new target object. Our results challenge the view that the attentional focus is always unitary and that the spatial selection of multiple visual objects operates in a strictly serial fashion
Measurement of the semileptonic $t \overline{t} + γ$ production cross section in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

A measurement of the cross section for top quark-antiquark ($t \overline{t}$) pairs produced in association with a photon in proton-proton collisions at  $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV is presented. The analysis uses data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 $fb^1$. The signal is defined as the production of a $t \overline{t}$ pair in association with a photon having a transverse energy larger than 25 GeV and an absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 1.44. The measurement is performed in the fiducial phase space corresponding to the semileptonic decay chain of the  \mathrmtøverline\mathrmt  pair, and the cross section is measured relative to the inclusive $t \overline{t}$ pair production cross section. The fiducial cross section for associated $t \overline{t}$ pair and photon production is found to be 127 ±27 (stat+syst) fb per semileptonic final state. The measured value is in agreement with the theoretical prediction