pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The behavior of sea anemone actinoporins at the water–membrane interface

AbstractActinoporins constitute a group of small and basic α-pore forming toxins produced by sea anemones. They display high sequence identity and appear as multigene families. They show a singular behaviour at the water–membrane interface: In aqueous solution, actinoporins remain stably folded but, upon interaction with lipid bilayers, become integral membrane structures. These membranes contain sphingomyelin, display phase coexistence, or both. The water soluble structures of the actinoporins equinatoxin II (EqtII) and sticholysin II (StnII) are known in detail. The crystalline structure of a fragaceatoxin C (FraC) nonamer has been also determined. The three proteins fold as a β-sandwich motif flanked by two α-helices, one of them at the N-terminal end. Four regions seem to be especially important: A cluster of aromatic residues, a phosphocholine binding site, an array of basic amino acids, and the N-terminal α-helix. Initial binding of the soluble monomers to the membrane is accomplished by the cluster of aromatic amino acids, the array of basic residues, and the phosphocholine binding site. Then, the N-terminal α-helix detaches from the β-sandwich, extends, and lies parallel to the membrane. Simultaneously, oligomerization occurs. Finally, the extended N-terminal α-helix penetrates the membrane to build a toroidal pore. This model has been however recently challenged by the cryo-EM reconstruction of FraC bound to phospholipid vesicles. Actinoporins structural fold appears across all eukaryotic kingdoms in other functionally unrelated proteins. Many of these proteins neither bind to lipid membranes nor induce cell lysis. Finally, studies focusing on the therapeutic potential of actinoporins also abound
Equality of ordinary and symbolic powers of Stanley–Reisner ideals

AbstractThis paper studies properties of simplicial complexes Δ with the equality IΔ(m)=IΔm for a given m⩾2. The main results are combinatorial characterizations of such complexes in the two-dimensional case. It turns out that there exists only a finite number of complexes with this property and that these complexes can be described completely. As a consequence we are able to determine all complexes for which IΔm is Cohen–Macaulay for some m⩾2. In particular, there are complexes with IΔ(2)=IΔ2 or IΔ(3)=IΔ3 but IΔ(m)≠IΔm for all m⩾4 and that if IΔ(m)=IΔm for some m⩾4, then IΔ(m)=IΔm for all m⩾1. Similarly, there are complexes for which IΔ2 is Cohen–Macaulay but IΔm is not Cohen–Macaulay for all m⩾3 and if IΔm is Cohen–Macaulay for some m⩾3, then IΔ is a complete intersection
Polyakov loop and the color–flavor locked phase of quantum chromodynamics

AbstractWe consider the Polyakov–Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model with three massless quarks at high density and moderate temperature in the superconductive color–flavor locking phase. We compute the critical temperature Tc as a function of the baryonic chemical potential for the phase transition from the superconductive state to the normal phase. We find that Tc is higher by a factor 1.5–2 in comparison to the model containing no Polyakov loop. We also compute the specific heat Cv near the second-order phase transition and we show that the inclusion of the Polyakov loop does not change the value of the critical exponent
Withdrawal induces distinct patterns of FosB/∆FosB expression in outbred Swiss mice classified as susceptible and resistant to ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization

AbstractChronic drug exposure and drug withdrawal induce expressive neuronal plasticity which could be considered as both functional and pathological responses. It is well established that neuronal plasticity in the limbic system plays a pivotal role in relapse as well as in compulsive characteristics of drug addiction. Although increases in FosB/DeltaFosB expression constitute one of the most important forms of neuronal plasticity in drug addiction, it is unclear whether they represent functional or pathological plasticity. It is of noteworthy importance the individual differences in the transition from recreational use to drug addiction. These differences have been reported in studies involving the ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization paradigm. In the present study we investigated whether sensitized and non-sensitized mice differ in terms of FosB/DeltaFosB expression. Adult male outbred Swiss mice were daily treated with ethanol or saline for 21days. According to the locomotor activity in the acquisition phase, they were classified as sensitized (EtOH_High) or non-sensitized (EtOH_Low). After 18h or 5days, their brains were processed for FosB/DeltaFosB immunohistochemistry. On the 5th day of withdrawal, we could observe increased FosB/DeltaFosB expression in the EtOH_High group (in the motor cortex), in the EtOH_Low group (in the ventral tegmental area), and in both groups (in the striatum). Differences were more consistent in the EtOH_Low group. Therefore, behavioral variability observed in the acquisition phase of ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization was accompanied by differential neuronal plasticity during withdrawal period. Furthermore, distinct patterns of FosB/DeltaFosB expression detected in sensitized and non-sensitized mice seem to be more related to withdrawal period rather than to chronic drug exposure. Finally, increases in FosB/DeltaFosB expression during withdrawal period could be considered as being due to both functional and pathological plasticity
Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised protons

AbstractMeasurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise
Detecting the effects of hydrocarbon pollution in the Amazon forest using hyperspectral satellite images

AbstractThe global demand for fossil energy is triggering oil exploration and production projects in remote areas of the world. During the last few decades hydrocarbon production has caused pollution in the Amazon forest inflicting considerable environmental impact. Until now it is not clear how hydrocarbon pollution affects the health of the tropical forest flora. During a field campaign in polluted and pristine forest, more than 1100 leaf samples were collected and analysed for biophysical and biochemical parameters. The results revealed that tropical forests exposed to hydrocarbon pollution show reduced levels of chlorophyll content, higher levels of foliar water content and leaf structural changes. In order to map this impact over wider geographical areas, vegetation indices were applied to hyperspectral Hyperion satellite imagery. Three vegetation indices (SR, NDVI and NDVI705) were found to be the most appropriate indices to detect the effects of petroleum pollution in the Amazon forest
Exploring peer-mentoring for community dwelling older adults with chronic low back pain: a qualitative study

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the perceptions of patients, physiotherapists, and potential peer mentors on the topic of peer-mentoring for self-management of chronic low back pain following discharge from physiotherapy.DesignExploratory, qualitative study.ParticipantsTwelve patients, 11 potential peer mentors and 13 physiotherapists recruited from physiotherapy departments and community locations in one health board area of the UK.InterventionsSemi-structured interviews and focus groups.Main outcome measuresParticipants’ perceptions of the usefulness and appropriateness of peer-mentoring following discharge from physiotherapy. Data were processed and analysed using the framework method.ResultsFour key themes were identified: (i) self-management strategies, (ii) barriers to self-management and peer-mentoring, (iii) vision of peer-mentoring, and (iv) the voice of experience. Peer-mentoring may be beneficial for some older adults with chronic low back pain. Barriers to peer-mentoring were identified, and many solutions for overcoming them. No single format was identified as superior; participants emphasised the need for any intervention to be flexible and individualised. Important aspects to consider in developing a peer-mentoring intervention are recruitment and training of peer mentors and monitoring the mentor–mentee relationship.ConclusionsThis study has generated important knowledge that is being used to design and test a peer-mentoring intervention on a group of older people with chronic low back pain and volunteer peer mentors. If successful, peer-mentoring could provide a cost effective method of facilitating longer-term self-management of a significant health condition in older people
Early decay of Peccei–Quinn fermion and the IceCube neutrino events

AbstractIceCube observed high-energy neutrino flux in the energy region from TeV to PeV. The decay of a massive long-lived particle in the early universe can be the origin of the IceCube neutrino events, which we call an “early decay scenario.” In this paper, we construct a particle physics model that contains such a massive long-lived particle based on the Peccei–Quinn model. We calculate the present neutrino flux, taking account of realistic initial energy distributions of particles produced by the decay of the massive long-lived particle. We show that the early decay scenario naturally fits into the Peccei–Quinn model, and that the neutrino flux observed by IceCube can be explained in such a framework. We also see that, based on that model, a consistent cosmological history that explains the abundance of the massive long-lived particle is realized
Human Endogenous Retrovirus and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy

AbstractBackgroundHuman endogenous retroviruses HERV-W encode a pro-inflammatory protein, named MSRV-Env from its original identification in Multiple Sclerosis. Though not detected in various neurological controls, MSRV-Env was found in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (CIDPs). This study investigated the expression of MSRV in CIDP and evaluated relevant MSRV-Env pathogenic effects.Methods50 CIDP patients, 19 other neurological controls (ONDs) and 65 healthy blood donors (HBDs) were recruited from two different countries. MSRV-env and -pol transcripts, IL6 and CXCL10 levels were quantified from blood samples. MSRV-Env immunohistology was performed in distal sensory nerves from CIDP and neurological controls biopsies. MSRV-Env pathogenic effects and mode of action were assayed in cultured primary human Schwann cells (HSCs).FindingsIn both cohorts, MSRV-env and -pol transcripts, IL6 positivity prevalence and CXCL10 levels were significantly elevated in CIDP patients when compared to HBDs and ONDs (statistically significant in all comparisons). MSRV-Env protein was detected in Schwann cells in 5/7 CIDP biopsies. HSC exposed to or transfected with MSRV-env presented a strong increase of IL6 and CXCL10 transcripts and protein secretion. These pathogenic effects on HSC were inhibited by GNbAC1, a highly specific and neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody targeting MSRV-Env.InterpretationThe present study showed that MSRV-Env may trigger the release of critical immune mediators proposed as instrumental factors involved in the pathophysiology of CIDP. Significant MSRV-Env expression was detected in a significant proportion of patients with CIDP, in which it may play a role according to its presently observed effects on Schwann cells along with previously known effects on immune cells.Experimental results also suggest that a biomarker-driven therapeutic strategy targeting this protein with a neutralizing antibody such as GNbAC1 may offer new perspectives for treating CIDP patients with positive detection of MSRV-Env expression.FundingGeneuro-Innovation, France
Semi-classical spectral estimates for Schrödinger operators at a critical level. Case of a degenerate maximum of the potential

AbstractWe study the semi-classical trace formula at a critical energy level for a Schrödinger operator on Rn. We assume here that the potential has a totally degenerate critical point associated to a local maximum. The main result, which establishes the contribution of the associated equilibrium in the trace formula, is valid for all time in a compact subset of R and includes the singularity in t=0. For these new contributions the asymptotic expansion involves the logarithm of the parameter h. Depending on an explicit arithmetic condition on the dimension and the order of the critical point, this logarithmic contribution can appear in the leading term
Instanton operators and the Higgs branch at infinite coupling.

The richness of 5d  N=1N=1  theories with a UV fixed point at infinite coupling is due to the existence of local disorder operators known as instanton operators. By considering the Higgs branch of SU(2) gauge theories with Nf ≤ 7 flavours at finite and infinite coupling, we write down the explicit chiral ring relations between instanton operators, the glueball superfield and mesons. Exciting phenomena appear at infinite coupling: the glueball superfield is no longer nilpotent and the classical chiral ring relations are quantum corrected by instanton operators bilinears. We also find expressions for the dressing of instanton operators of arbitrary charge. The same analysis is performed for USp(2k) with an antisymmetric hypermultiplet and pure SU(N) gauge theories
Planck intermediate results. VIII. Filaments between interacting
  clusters

About half of the baryons of the Universe are expected to be in the form of
filaments of hot and low density intergalactic medium. Most of these baryons
remain undetected even by the most advanced X-ray observatories which are
limited in sensitivity to the diffuse low density medium. The Planck satellite
has provided hundreds of detections of the hot gas in clusters of galaxies via
the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect and is an ideal instrument for
studying extended low density media through the tSZ effect. In this paper we
use the Planck data to search for signatures of a fraction of these missing
baryons between pairs of galaxy clusters. Cluster pairs are good candidates for
searching for the hotter and denser phase of the intergalactic medium (which is
more easily observed through the SZ effect). Using an X-ray catalogue of
clusters and the Planck data, we select physical pairs of clusters as
candidates. Using the Planck data we construct a local map of the tSZ effect
centered on each pair of galaxy clusters. ROSAT data is used to construct X-ray
maps of these pairs. After having modelled and subtracted the tSZ effect and
X-ray emission for each cluster in the pair we study the residuals on both the
SZ and X-ray maps. For the merging cluster pair A399-A401 we observe a
significant tSZ effect signal in the intercluster region beyond the virial
radii of the clusters. A joint X-ray SZ analysis allows us to constrain the
temperature and density of this intercluster medium. We obtain a temperature of
kT = 7.1 +- 0.9, keV (consistent with previous estimates) and a baryon density
of (3.7 +- 0.2)x10^-4, cm^-3. The Planck satellite mission has provided the
first SZ detection of the hot and diffuse intercluster gas.Comment: Accepted by A&
Exponential decay ofcovariances for the supercritical membrane model

We consider the membrane model, that is the centered Gaussian field on Zdwhose covariance matrix is given by the inverse of the discrete Bilaplacian. We impose aδ-pinning condition, giving a reward of strengthεfor the field to be 0 at any site of the lattice. In this paper we prove that in dimensionsd≥5covariances of the pinned field decay at least exponentially, as opposed to the field without pinning, where the decay is polynomial. The proof is based on estimates for certain discrete weighted norms, a percolation argument and on a Bernoulli domination result
Search for massive resonances in dijet systems containing jets tagged as W or Z boson decays in pp collisions at (root s) = 8 TeV

A search is reported for massive resonances decaying into a quark and a vector boson (W or Z), or two vector bosons (WW, WZ, or ZZ). The analysis is performed on an inclusive sample of multijet events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb−1, collected in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses novel jet-substructure identification techniques that provide sensitivity to the presence of highly boosted vector bosons decaying into a pair of quarks. Exclusion limits are set at a confidence level of 95% on the production of: (i) excited quark resonances q*decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 3.2 TeV and 2.9 TeV, respectively, (ii) a Randall-Sundrum graviton GRS decaying into WW for masses below 1.2 TeV, and (iii) a heavy partner of the W boson W′ decaying into WZ for masses less than 1.7 TeV. For the first time mass limits are set on W′ → WZ and GRS → WW in the all-jets final state. The mass limits on q* → qW, q* → qZ, W′ → WZ, GRS → WW are the most stringent to date. A model with a “bulk” graviton Gbulk that decays into WW or ZZ bosons is also studied.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Searches for heavy $ZZ$ and $ZW$ resonances in the $\ell\ell qq$ and
  $\nu\nu qq$ final states in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the
  ATLAS detector

This paper reports searches for heavy resonances decaying into $ZZ$ or $ZW$
using data from proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
$\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1
fb$^{-1}$, were recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016 at the Large
Hadron Collider. The searches are performed in final states in which one $Z$
boson decays into either a pair of light charged leptons (electrons and muons)
or a pair of neutrinos, and the associated $W$ boson or the other $Z$ boson
decays hadronically. No evidence of the production of heavy resonances is
observed. Upper bounds on the production cross sections of heavy resonances
times their decay branching ratios to $ZZ$ or $ZW$ are derived in the mass
range 300--5000 GeV within the context of Standard Model extensions with
additional Higgs bosons, a heavy vector triplet or warped extra dimensions.
Production through gluon--gluon fusion, Drell--Yan or vector-boson fusion are
considered, depending on the assumed model.Comment: 52 pages in total, author list starting page 36, 14 figures, 5
  tables, published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2016-29
An isotopic investigation into the origins and husbandry of Mid-Late Bronze Age cattle from Grimes Graves, Norfolk.

Bioarchaeological evidence suggests that the site of Grimes Graves, Norfolk, characterised by the remains of several hundred Late Neolithic flint mineshafts, was a permanently settled community with a mixed farming economy during the Mid-Late Bronze Age (c. 1400 BCE – c. 800 BCE). The aim of this study was to investigate, through isotope ratio analysis (87Sr/86Sr, δ13C and δ18O), the origins and husbandry of Bronze Age cattle (Bos taurus) excavated from a mineshaft known as the “1972 shaft”. Strontium isotope ratios from the molar enamel of ten Grimes Graves cattle were compared with eight modern animals from the Chillingham Wild White cattle herd, Northumberland. The range of 87Sr/86Sr values for the modern cattle with known restricted mobility was low (0.00062) while the values for the Grimes Graves cattle varied much more widely (range = 0.00357) and suggest that at least five of the cattle were not born locally. Two of these animals were likely to have originated at a distance of ≥ 150 km. Intra-tooth δ13C profiles for eight of the Grimes Graves cattle show higher δ13C values compared to those of Early Bronze Age cattle from central England. Most of these profiles also display pronounced shifts in δ13C during the period of enamel formation. One possible interpretation is that the cattle were subject to dietary change resulting from movement between habitats with different vegetation δ13C values. More comparative data, both archaeological and modern, is required to validate this interpretation. The multi-isotope approach employed in this study suggests that certain cattle husbandry and/or landscape management practices may have been widely adopted throughout central Britain during the Mid-Late Bronze Age
Search for heavy quarks decaying into a top quark and a W or Z boson using lepton + jets events in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for the pair-production of heavy quarks, QQ−− , that decay exclusively into a top quark and a W or Z boson. The search is performed using a sample of proton-proton collisions at s√=7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1, collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment. The signal region is defined using a sample of events containing one electron or muon, missing transverse momentum, and at least four jets with large transverse momenta, where one jet is likely to originate from the decay of a bottom quark. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model expectations. Assuming a strong pair-production mechanism, quark masses below 675 (625) GeV decaying into tW (tZ) are excluded at the 95 % confidence level
Output, renewable energy consumption and international trade: Evidence from a panel of 69 countries

This paper uses panel cointegration techniques to examine the causal relationship between output, renewable energy consumption and international trade for a sample of 69 countries during the period 1980-2007. In the short-run, Granger causality tests show that there is evidence of bidirectional causality relationship between output and trade (exports or imports), and a unidirectional causality relationship running from renewable energy consumption to trade. However, in the short-run, there is evidence of no causality running from trade to renewable energy consumption. In the long-run, the error correction term provides that there is evidence of bidirectional causality relationship between output, trade and renewable energy consumption. Long-run estimations show that all coefficients are positive and statistically significant. Policies recommendations are that, in the long-run, international trade enables countries to benefit from technology transfer and to build the human and physical capacities needed to produce more renewable energies, while increasing their output. Therefore, more trade openness could be a good policy for combating global warming as it incites the use of renewable energies.