pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Integrating extrinsic and intrinsic cues to guide cell fate decisions : rational approaches in stem cell engineering

The long-term goal of stem cell engineering is to generate functional cells for cell replacement therapies, disease modelling and in drug development assays. It is evident that one of the major challenges in stem cell research is to develop reproducible methods to obtain well-defined and pure populations of clinically relevant cell types in a sustainable manner. Many studies have shown that appropriate signalling factors can specify desired cell types from stem cells, albeit in an inefficient manner. The heterogeneity seen in stem cell-derived cultures makes them unsafe and ineffective for use in the clinics and laboratories. In this thesis, we applied knowledge obtained from early developmental studies to develop rational approaches in stem cell engineering of a variety of clinically important cell types. In Paper I, we created mesendodermal progenitors by long-term activation of the Wnt pathway using a chemically defined inhibitor. These progenitors served as a renewable platform for more efficient stepwise derivation of cardiac, endothelial, osteogenic and chondrogenic cells. In Papers II and III, we integrated extrinsic and intrinsic cues by creating a permissive environment using appropriate growth factors, then forcing the expression of key transcription factors to achieve a highly efficient method to generate an array of neuronal cell types including dopamine, serotonin, motor and noradrenergic neurons. The purity of the cultures makes it possible to analyse subtype-specific genome-wide gene expression patterns and the discovery of novel markers provide insight into their transcriptional codes. We also showed, in a proof-of-concept experiment that the stem cell-derived neurons can be used in high throughput drug assays to analyse drug specificity
NINE-​PROFILE AND NINE-​SEGMENT TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMER FOR MASHING APPARATUS

Mashing is a process of converting the grain starch into fermentable sugar by activating the malt enzymes using a hot-​water steeping process.  A microcontroller-​based nine-​profile, nine-​segment temp. programmer and four-​channel temp. and rpm (rotations per min) display system for the mashing app. has been designed and implemented using a PIC 16F887 microcontroller.  In this app., a pulse width modulation (PWM)​-​based programmable AC voltage controller has been designed to vary mash tub temp. at required rate, and the resistance temp. detector (RTD) PT100 has been used to measure the temp. of the mash tub and sample.  The software for the microcontroller has been developed using C language to set the end temp. and time of the nine segments of nine temp. profiles through the keypad and also to implement the proportional integral and deriv. (PID) controller to control the temp. of the mash tub as per user settings
A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the
  Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the
  disk?

Context: Quantifying the gas content inside the dust gaps of transition disks
is important to establish their origin. Aims: We seek to constrain the surface
density of warm gas in the disk of HD 139614, a Herbig Ae star with a
transition disk exhibiting a dust gap from 2.3 to 6 AU. Methods: We have
obtained ESO/VLT CRIRES high-resolution spectra of CO ro-vibrational emission.
We derived constraints on the disk's structure by modeling the line-profiles,
the spectroastrometric signal, and the rotational diagrams using flat Keplerian
disk models. Results: We detected v=1-0 12CO, 2-1 12CO, 1-0 13CO, 1-0 C18O, and
1-0 C17O ro-vibrational lines. 12CO v=1-0 lines have an average width of 14
km/s, Tgas of 450 K and an emitting region from 1 to 15 AU. 13CO and C18O lines
are on average 70 and 100 K colder, 1 and 4 km/s narrower, and are dominated by
emission at R>6 AU. The 12CO v=1-0 line-profile indicates that if there is a
gap in the gas it must be narrower than 2 AU. We find that a drop in the gas
surface density (delta_gas) at R<5-6 AU is required to simultaneously reproduce
the line-profiles and rotational diagrams of the three CO isotopologs.
Delta_gas can range from 10^-2 to 10^-4 depending on the gas-to-dust ratio of
the outer disk. We find that at 1<R<6 AU the gas surface density profile is
flat or increases with radius. We derive a gas column density at 1<R<6 AU of
NH=3x10^19 - 10^21 cm^-2. We find a 5sigma upper limit on NCO at R<1 AU of
5x10^15 cm^-2 (NH<5x10^19 cm^-2). Conclusions: The dust gap in the disk of HD
139614 has gas. The gas surface density in the disk at R<6 AU is significantly
lower than the surface density expected from HD 139614's accretion rate
assuming a viscous alpha-disk model. The gas density drop, the non-negative
density gradient of the gas inside 6 AU, and the absence of a wide (>2 AU) gas
gap suggest the presence of an embedded <2 MJ planet at around 4 AU.Comment: accepted for publication in A&A; 30 pages (including Appendix), 24
  figure; v2-v4: text correction
Cross section measurement of t-channel single top quark production in pp
  collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

The cross section for the production of single top quarks in the t channel is
measured in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the
LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.2 inverse
femtobarns. The event selection requires one muon and two jets where one of the
jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Several kinematic
variables are then combined into a multivariate discriminator to distinguish
signal from background events. A fit to the distribution of the discriminating
variable yields a total cross section of 238 +/- 13 (stat) +/- 29 (syst) pb and
a ratio of top quark and top antiquark production of R[t-ch.] = 1.81 +/- 0.18
(stat) +/- 0.15 (syst). From the total cross section the absolute value of the
CKM matrix element V[tb] is calculated to be 1.05 +/- 0.07 (exp) +/- 0.02
(theo). All results are in agreement with the standard model predictions.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Small changes made to results
  from updated integrated luminosity measurement. Added the journal reference
  and DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/TOP-16-003/index.html
  (CMS Public Pages
Discomfort from urban scenes: Metabolic consequences

Scenes from nature share in common certain statistical properties. Images with these properties can be processed efficiently by the human brain. Patterns with unnatural statistical properties are uncomfortable to look at, and are processed inefficiently, according to computational models of the visual cortex. Consistent with such putative computational inefficiency, uncomfortable images have been demonstrated to elicit a large haemodynamic response in the visual cortex, particularly so in individuals who are predisposed to discomfort. In a succession of five small-scale studies, we show that these considerations may be important in the design of the modern urban environment. In two studies we show that images from the urban environment are uncomfortable to the extent that their statistical properties depart from those of scenes from nature. In a third study we measure the haemodynamic response to images of buildings computed as having unnatural or natural statistical properties, and show that in posterior brain regions the images with unnatural statistical properties (often judged uncomfortable) elicit a haemodynamic response that is larger than for images with more natural properties. In two further studies we show that judgments of discomfort from real scenes (both shrubbery and buildings) are similar to those from images of the scenes. We conclude that the unnatural scenes in the modern urban environment are sometimes uncomfortable and place excessive demands on the neural computation involved in vision, with consequences for brain metabolism, and possibly also for health
Look but don’t touch: visual cues to surface structure drive somatosensory cortex

When planning interactions with nearby objects, our brain uses visual information to estimate shape, material composition, and surface structure before we come into contact with them. Here we analyse brain activations elicited by different types of visual appearance, measuring fMRI responses to objects that are glossy, matte, rough, or textured. In addition to activation in visual areas, we found that fMRI responses are evoked in the secondary somatosensory area (S2) when looking at glossy and rough surfaces. This activity could be reliably discriminated on the basis of tactile-related visual properties (gloss, rough, and matte), but importantly, other visual properties (i.e., coloured texture) did not substantially change fMRI activity. The activity could not be solely due to tactile imagination, as asking explicitly to imagine such surface properties did not lead to the same results. These findings suggest that visual cues to an object's surface properties evoke activity in neural circuits associated with tactile stimulation. This activation may reflect the a-priori probability of the physics of the interaction (i.e., the expectation of upcoming friction) that can be used to plan finger placement and grasp force.This project was supported by the Wellcome Trust (095183/Z/10/Z).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.05
Search for baryon number violation in top-quark decays

A search for baryon number violation (BNV) in top-quark decays is performed using pp collisions produced by the LHC at [sqrt s]=8 TeV. The top-quark decay considered in this search results in one light lepton (muon or electron), two jets, but no neutrino in the final state. Data used for the analysis were collected by the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb[superscript −1]. The event selection is optimized for top quarks produced in pairs, with one undergoing the BNV decay and the other the standard model hadronic decay to three jets. No significant excess of events over the expected yield from standard model processes is observed. The upper limits at 95% confidence level on the branching fraction of the BNV top-quark decay are calculated to be 0.0016 and 0.0017 for the muon and the electron channels, respectively. Assuming lepton universality, an upper limit of 0.0015 results from the combination of the two channels. These limits are the first that have been obtained on a BNV process involving the top quark.National Science Foundation (U.S.)United States. Dept. of EnergyAlfred P. Sloan Foundatio
Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b jets or $\tau$ leptons

A search is performed for a new resonance decaying into a lighter resonance and a Z boson. Two channels are studied, targeting the decay of the lighter resonance into either a pair of oppositely charged $\tau$ leptons or a $b\overline{b}$ pair. The Z boson is identified via its decays to electrons or muons. The search exploits data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb$^{−1}$ . No significant deviations are observed from the standard model expectation and limits are set on production cross sections and parameters of two-Higgs-doublet models
Towards Gaussian Bayesian network fusion

Data sets are growing in complexity thanks to the increasing\ud
facilities we have nowadays to both generate and store data. This poses\ud
many challenges to machine learning that are leading to the proposal of\ud
new methods and paradigms, in order to be able to deal with what is\ud
nowadays referred to as Big Data. In this paper we propose a method\ud
for the aggregation of different Bayesian network structures that have\ud
been learned from separate data sets, as a first step towards mining data\ud
sets that need to be partitioned in an horizontal way, i.e. with respect\ud
to the instances, in order to be processed. Considerations that should be\ud
taken into account when dealing with this situation are discussed. Scalable\ud
learning of Bayesian networks is slowly emerging, and our method\ud
constitutes one of the first insights into Gaussian Bayesian network aggregation\ud
from different sources. Tested on synthetic data it obtains good\ud
results that surpass those from individual learning. Future research will\ud
be focused on expanding the method and testing more diverse data sets
Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 10(18) eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and Statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one Surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10(18) eV We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular. the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape The spectrum can be described by a broken power law E-gamma with index gamma = 3 3 below the ankle which is measured at log(10)(E-ankle/eV) = 18 6 Above the ankle the spectrum is described by a power law with index 2 6 followed by a flux suppression, above about log(10)(E/eV) = 19 5, detected with high statistical significance (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserve
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of the upper lip : 11 cases of an uncommon diagnosis

OBJECTIVE : To describe an international case series of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
(PLGA) affecting the upper lip.
MATERIAL AND METHODS : Over a 30-year-period the files of five pathology services were reviewed for
PLGA cases affecting the upper lip. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were reviewed by three oral
and maxillofacial pathologists and the microscopic features were described. Clinical data were
retrieved from patients’ medical records.
RESULTS : The review identified 11 upper lip PLGAs, with a complete set of clinical data available for 5
cases. There was male predominance (1.2:1) and a mean age of 58.7 years. Most cases presented as
small asymptomatic swellings resembling benign tumors. All patients were surgically treated and no
recurrence or metastases were reported in the 8 cases from which follow-up data was available.
Microscopically, the typical polymorphic architectural arrangement of PLGA was seen in all cases, with
lobular, trabecular, papillary and cribriform patterns identified. Perineural invasion, normal gland
entrapment, Indian filing and concentric growth were frequently identified.
CONCLUSION : PLGA must be included in the list of differential diagnoses of tumors affecting the upper
lip because of its similar clinical presentation to benign entities. The follow-up data available from 8 of
11 cases suggests that these tumors follow a low grade clinical course, similar to the majority of
palatal cases of PLGA.http://www.journals.elsevier.com/oral-surgery-oral-medicine-oral-pathology-and-oral-radiology/2016-05-31hb201
QCD corrections to B→π form factors from light-cone sum rules

AbstractWe compute perturbative corrections to B→π form factors from QCD light-cone sum rules with B-meson distribution amplitudes. Applying the method of regions we demonstrate factorization of the vacuum-to-B-meson correlation function defined with an interpolating current for pion, at one-loop level, explicitly in the heavy quark limit. The short-distance functions in the factorization formulae of the correlation function involves both hard and hard-collinear scales; and these functions can be further factorized into hard coefficients by integrating out the hard fluctuations and jet functions encoding the hard-collinear information. Resummation of large logarithms in the short-distance functions is then achieved via the standard renormalization-group approach. We further show that structures of the factorization formulae for fBπ+(q2) and fBπ0(q2) at large hadronic recoil from QCD light-cone sum rules match that derived in QCD factorization. In particular, we perform an exploratory phenomenological analysis of B→π form factors, paying attention to various sources of perturbative and systematic uncertainties, and extract |Vub|=(3.05−0.38+0.54|th.±0.09|exp.)×10−3 with the inverse moment of the B-meson distribution amplitude ϕB+(ω) determined by reproducing fBπ+(q2=0) obtained from the light-cone sum rules with π distribution amplitudes. Furthermore, we present the invariant-mass distributions of the lepton pair for B→πℓνℓ (ℓ=μ,τ) in the whole kinematic region. Finally, we discuss non-valence Fock state contributions to the B→π form factors fBπ+(q2) and fBπ0(q2) in brief
Proton–proton fusion in effective field theory to fifth order

AbstractThe proton–proton fusion process pp→de+νe is calculated at threshold to fifth order in pionless effective field theory. There are two unknown two-body currents contributing at the second and fourth orders. Combined with the previous results for νed and ν̄ed scattering, computed to third order in the same approach, we conclude that a ∼10% measurement of reactor ν̄ed scattering measurement could constrain the pp→de+νe rate to ∼7% while a ∼3% measurement of νed→e−pp could constrain the pp rate to ∼2%
A note on tensor categories of Lie type E9

AbstractWe consider the problem of decomposing tensor powers of the fundamental level 1 highest weight representation V of the affine Kac–Moody algebra g(E9). We describe an elementary algorithm for determining the decomposition of the submodule of V⊗n whose irreducible direct summands have highest weights which are maximal with respect to the null-root. This decomposition is based on Littelmann's path algorithm and conforms with the uniform combinatorial behavior recently discovered by H. Wenzl for the series EN, N≠9
Measurement of the cross section for the production of a W boson in association with b-jets in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractA measurement is presented of the cross section for the production of a W boson with one or two jets, of which at least one must be a b-jet, in pp collisions at s=7 TeV. Production via top decay is not included in the signal definition. The measurement is based on 35 pb−1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The W+b-jet cross section is defined for jets reconstructed with the anti-kt clustering algorithm with transverse momentum above 25 GeV and rapidity within ±2.1. The b-jets are identified by reconstructing secondary vertices. The fiducial cross section is measured both for the electron and muon decay channel of the W boson and is found to be 10.2±1.9(stat)±2.6(syst) pb for one lepton flavour. The results are compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations, which predict a cross section smaller than, though consistent with, the measured value
Journalistic Texts in Training Russian as Foreign Language Genre-Orientation Approach

AbstractThis paper explains the use of journalistic texts on foreign language lessons. The contribution of journalistic texts to realization of the purposes of training is characterized. Need of continuous updating of methodical materials in journalistic texts is approved in the paper. For the first time authors suggest using in work with foreign students’ genres of modern Russian Language internet mass-media ‘travel sketch’ and ‘politic comment’. In this paper the role of genres in formation of foreign-language skills is described; the genre-orientation system of work with the journalistic text is presented
ASPEN plus modelling of air–steam gasification of biomass with sorbent enabled CO2 capture

AbstractThe work deals with the modelling and simulation of carbon dioxide capture in air–steam gasification of saw dust using ASPEN Plus process simulator. The proposed quasi-steady state model incorporates pyrolysis, tar cracking and char conversion using existing experimental data. Prediction accuracy of the developed model is validated by comparing with available experimental results. Effects of CaO addition in air–steam gasification are analysed through key operating parameters such as gasification temperature, equivalence ratio, steam to biomass ratio and gasification efficiency. Maximum H2 mole fraction of 31.17% is obtained at a temperature of 900 K, equivalence ratio of 0.25, and steam to biomass ratio and sorbent to biomass ratio of unity. The H2 and CO2 mole fractions are found to be increased and decreased by 28.10% and 42.6%, respectively, when compared with the corresponding non- sorbent case
Evolutionary Conditions for the Emergence of Communication in Robots

SummaryInformation transfer plays a central role in the biology of most organisms, particularly social species [1, 2]. Although the neurophysiological processes by which signals are produced, conducted, perceived, and interpreted are well understood, the conditions conducive to the evolution of communication and the paths by which reliable systems of communication become established remain largely unknown. This is a particularly challenging problem because efficient communication requires tight coevolution between the signal emitted and the response elicited [3]. We conducted repeated trials of experimental evolution with robots that could produce visual signals to provide information on food location. We found that communication readily evolves when colonies consist of genetically similar individuals and when selection acts at the colony level. We identified several distinct communication systems that differed in their efficiency. Once a given system of communication was well established, it constrained the evolution of more efficient communication systems. Under individual selection, the ability to produce visual signals resulted in the evolution of deceptive communication strategies in colonies of unrelated robots and a concomitant decrease in colony performance. This study generates predictions about the evolutionary conditions conducive to the emergence of communication and provides guidelines for designing artificial evolutionary systems displaying spontaneous communication
Laser-targeted ablation of the zebrafish embryonic ventricle: A novel model of cardiac injury and repair

AbstractBackgroundWhile the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) heart demonstrates a remarkable capacity for self-renewal following apical resection little is known about the response to injury in the embryonic heart.MethodsInjury to the beating zebrafish embryo heart was induced by laser using a transgenic zebrafish expressing cardiomyocyte specific green fluorescent protein. Changes in ejection fraction (EF), heart rate (HR), and caudal vein blood flow (CVBF) assessed by video capture techniques were assessed at 2, 24 and 48h post-laser. Change in total and mitotic ventricular cardiomyocyte number following laser injury was also assessed by counting respectively DAPI (VCt) and Phospho-histone H3 (VCm) positive nuclei in isolated hearts using confocal microscopy.ResultsLaser injury to the ventricle resulted in bradycardia and mild bleeding into the pericardium. At 2h post-laser injury, there was a significant reduction in cardiac performance in lasered-hearts compared with controls (HR 117±11 vs 167±9bpm, p≤0.001; EF 14.1±1.8 vs 20.1±1.3%, p≤0.001; CVBF 103±15 vs 316±13μms−1, p≤0.001, respectively). Isolated hearts showed a significant reduction in VCt at 2h post-laser compared to controls (195±15 vs 238±15, p≤0.05). Histology showed necrosis and apoptosis (TUNEL assay) at the site of laser injury. At 24h post-laser cardiac performance and VCt had recovered fully to control levels. Pretreatment with the cell-cycle inhibitor, aphidicolin, significantly inhibited functional recovery of the ventricle accompanied by a significant inhibition of cardiomyocyte proliferation.ConclusionsLaser-targeted injury of the zebrafish embryonic heart is a novel and reproducible model of cardiac injury and repair suitable for pharmacological and molecular studies