pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Short-term physiological responses to a severe acid stress in three macroinvertebrate species: A comparative study

The present study focuses on the sensitivity among freshwater invertebrate species to acidic stress. Three common macroinvertebrate species in the Vosges Mountains (North-Estern France), Gammarus fossarum (Amphipoda), Hydropsyche pellucidula (Trichoptera) and Dinocras cephatotes (Plecoptera) were exposed for 24, 72 and 120 hours to natural acidified water (pH= 4.73 ± 0.08, [Ca2+]= 39.1 ± 0.6 µmol.L-1, [Altot]= 28.4 ± 1 µmol.L-1). Short-term exposure to acid stress caused significant decreases both in survival rate and haemolymph ions ([Cl-] and [Na+]). The relative sensitivity to a natural acidic stress slightly differed among the species and was in the following order: G. fossarum, as the most sensitive, then H. pellucidula and D. cephalotes. Results of this study confirm the interest of in situ tests to assess the toxicity of short-term acid exposure. Finally, our results reinforce the hypothesis that transient acidification can offset the recovery of sensitive species of macroinvertebrates in streams chemically recovering from acidification either through liming or declining deposition
Computational models of epileptiform activity.

International audienceWe reviewed computer models that have been developed to reproduce and explain epileptiform activity. Unlike other already-published reviews on computer models of epilepsy, the proposed overview starts from the various types of epileptiform activity encountered during both interictal and ictal periods. Computational models proposed so far in the context of partial and generalized epilepsies are classified according to the following taxonomy: neural mass, neural field, detailed network and formal mathematical models. Insights gained about interictal epileptic spikes and highfrequencyoscillations, about fast oscillations at seizure onset, about seizure initiation and propagation, about spike-wave discharges and about status epilepticus are described. This review shows the richness and complementarity of the various modeling approaches as well as the fruitful contribution of the computational neuroscience community in the field of epilepsy research. It shows that models have progressively gained acceptance and are now considered as an efficient way of integrating structural, functional and pathophysiological data about neural systems into “coherent and interpretable views”. The advantages, limitations and future of modeling approaches are discussed. Perspectives in epilepsy research and clinical epileptology indicate that very promising directions are foreseen, like model-guided experiments or model-guided therapeutic strategy, among others
Reaping the carbon rent: Abatement and overallocation profits in the European cement industry, insights from an LMDI decomposition analysis

International audienceWe analyse variations of carbon emissions in the European cement industry from 1990 to 2012, at the European level (EU 27), and at the national level for six major producers (Germany, France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Italy and Poland). We apply a Log-Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, cross-referencing data from three databases: the Getting the Numbers Right (GNR) database developed by the Cement Sustainability Initiative, the European Union Transaction Log (EUTL), and the Eurostat International Trade database. Our decomposition method allows seven channels of emission change to be distinguished: activity, clinker trade, clinker share, alternative fuels, thermal and electrical energy efficiency, and electricity decarbonisation. We find that, apart from a slow trend of emission reductions coming from technological improvements (first from a decrease in the clinker share, then from an increase in alternative fuels), most of the emission change can be attributed to the activity effect. Using counterfactual scenarios, we estimate that the introduction of the EU ETS brought small but positive technological abatement (2.2% ± 1.3% between 2005 and 2012). Moreover, we find that the European cement industry has gained 3.5 billion Euros of " overallocation profits " , mostly due to the slowdown of production
Pseudo-Boolean Programming for Partially Ordered Genomes

International audienceComparing genomes of different species is a crucial problem in comparative genomics. Different measures have been proposed to compare two genomes: number of common intervals, number of adjacencies, number of reversals, etc. These measures are classically used between two totally ordered genomes. However, genetic mapping techniques often give rise to different maps with some unordered genes. Starting from a partial order between genes of a genome, one method to find a total order consists in optimizing a given measure between a linear extension of this partial order and a given total order of a close and well-known genome. However, for most common measures, the problem turns out to be NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a (0, 1)-linear programming approach to compute a linear extension of one genome that maximizes the number of common intervals (resp. the number of adjacencies) between this linear extension and a given total order. Next, we propose an algorithm to find linear extensions of two partial orders that maximize the number of adjacencies
Surrounding effects and sensitivity of the CODALEMA experiment

International audienceFuture autonomous systems of cosmic ray radiodetection will be installed over large areas, encountering various environmental and noise conditions. It is thus essential to check and evaluate the influence of the vicinity on the sensitivity of detection. In this paper, the main environmental influences on the performances of the CODALEMA experiment are presented. It will be shown that the performances and sensitivity of the detector are not affected by the environment, and that the new CODALEMA autonomous detection station can reach the ultimate accessible sensitivity even in a quite noisy environment. This allows deconvolving the detector's response and recovering the real spectral characteristics of the cosmic ray air showers
Stability and stabilizability of mixed retarded-neutral type systems

International audienceWe analyze the stability and stabilizability properties of mixed retarded-neutral type systems when the neutral term may be singular. We consider an operator differential equation model of the system in a Hilbert space, and we are interested in the critical case when there is a sequence of eigenvalues with real parts converging to zero. In this case, the system cannot be exponentially stable, and we study conditions under which it will be strongly stable. The behavior of spectra of mixed retarded-neutral type systems prevents the direct application of retarded system methods and the approach of pure neutral type systems for the analysis of stability. In this paper, two techniques are combined to obtain the conditions of asymptotic non-exponential stability: the existence of a Riesz basis of invariant finite-dimensional subspaces and the boundedness of the resolvent in some subspaces of a special decomposition of the state space. For unstable systems, the techniques introduced enable the concept of regular strong stabilizability for mixed retarded-neutral type systems to be analyzed
Shear Bond Strength of Self-Etching Adhesive Systems to Er:YAG Laser-Prepared Dentine with and without Pulpal Pressure Simulation

This is a copy of an article published in the Photomedicine and Laser Surgery © 2008 copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; Photomedicine and Laser Surgery is available online at: http://www.liebertonline.comInternational audienceObjective: This study was conducted to study the role of pulpal pressure on the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to Er:YAG laser-prepared or bur-prepared dentine surfaces using a self-etching adhesive system. Materials and Methods: The occlusal surfaces of 80 human third molars were ground flat to expose the dentine. The dentine was prepared using either a carbide bur or an Er: YAG laser at 350 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz (fluence 44.5 J/cm(2)). Clearfil SE Bond was then applied with or without pressure. Rods of composite resin were bonded to dentine surfaces and shear bond tests were carried out. Results: When the Clearfil SE Bond was used without pressure, the difference between the shear bond strength values of bur-prepared and laser-prepared dentine surfaces was significant. When the Clearfil SE Bond was used with pressure, the difference of shear bond strength values was not significant between the two types of surface preparation. Conclusion: The absence of smear layer formation during the preparation of the dentine by the Er: YAG laser did not improve the adhesion values of self-etching adhesive systems
Effect of the quantum well thickness on the performance of InGaN photovoltaic cells

International audienceWe report on the influence of the quantum well thickness on the effective band gap and conversion efficiency of In0.12Ga0.88N/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells. The band-to-band transition can be redshifted from 395 to 474 nm by increasing the well thickness from 1.3 to 5.4 nm, as demonstrated by cathodoluminescence measurements. However, the redshift of the absorption edge is much less pronounced in absorption: in thicker wells, transitions to higher energy levels dominate. Besides, partial strain relaxation in thicker wells leads to the formation of defects, hence degrading the overall solar cell performance. InGaN alloys are considered as promising candidates for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices [1-4] since their band gap spans almost the whole solar spectrum from 0.7 eV (InN) to 3.4 eV (GaN). This makes theoretically possible the development of all-InGaN multijunction solar cells with a freely customizable number of junctions to enhance the overall efficiency. However, the large lattice mismatch between GaN and InN has led several groups to study the possibility of hybrid integration, combining an InGaN cell in a tandem device with silicon [5,6] or other non-III-nitride [7] photovoltaic cells. The difficulty of growing high-quality InGaN layers increases with the In content. Reports of InGaN-based junctions with an In mole fraction exceeding 0.3 are rare [1]; the best external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) exceeding 0.7 are obtained at around 400 nm and quickly drop for longer wavelengths [8-10]. The main challenges are the large dislocation density and In-clustering, caused by the strong tendency to phase separation during growth. Absorbing layers in the form of a multiple quantum well (MQW) structure are often used to delay strain relaxation. Furthermore, the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE) associated to the strong piezoelectric fields in the InGaN/GaN system [11] offers the possibility to tune the effective band gap of the structure by adjusting the quantum well (QW) and barrier thickness (tQW and tB, respectively). The effect of tuning tB in InGaN/GaN MQW photovoltaic devices has been studied by Wierer et al. [12] and Watanabe et al. [13]. According to their results, the absorption cutoff of the solar cells redshifts with decreasing tB. However, this does not always translate in enhanced overall cell efficiency, since the short circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) also depend on tB. In this paper, we focus on the influence of the QW thickness on the effective band gap of the junction and its impact on the overall cell efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate that the band-to-band transition in InGaN QWs can be significantly redshifted in larger QWs. However, this redshift appears linked to a dramatic enlargement of the Stokes shift, so that increasing the tQW above a few nm is n
Exciton dynamics of a single quantum dot embedded in a nanowire

International audienceWe have carried out a detailed optical characterization of a single CdSe quantum dot embedded in a ZnSe nanowire. Exciton, biexciton, and charged exciton lines have been identified unambiguously using photon correlation spectroscopy. This technique has provided a detailed picture of the dynamics of this system. It has been found that the dark exciton has a strong influence on the optical properties. The most visible influence is the strongly reduced excitonic emission compared to the biexcitonic one. Temperature-dependent lifetime measurements have allowed us to measure a large splitting of ΔE=(6.0±0.2) meV between the dark and the bright exciton as well as the spin-flip rates between these two states. This type of semiconducting quantum dot turns out to be a very efficient single photon source in the visible. Its particular growth technique opens additional possibilities as compared to the usual self-assembled quantum dots
Disease interaction and pathogens exchange between wild and farmed fish populations with special reference to Norway

Norway has the largest salmon-farming industry in the world, an industry that is still growing, and in recent years production of marine species like Atlantic cod has also increased. At the same time, Norway has the world's largest wild stock of Atlantic salmon and has fjord systems and ocean areas rich in wild marine fish species which form the basis of a large fishing industry. As the aquaculture industry grows and diversifies, there is concern about the potential effects of pathogens spreading from farmed fish to wild populations. The overall health situation in Norwegian aquaculture is good, but some pathogens are not controlled effectively. In particular, salmon lice produced in farms may cause problems for wild salmonids and other parasites may be abundant too. Also, viral diseases in Atlantic salmon and bacterial diseases in Atlantic cod give rise to several disease outbreaks annually. The open design of most aquaculture systems allows the transmission of pathogens from the environment or from wild fish to the farmed fish. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge of disease interaction and pathogen exchange between farmed and wild fish populations, with emphasis on Norwegian condition. In addition, the paper contains an evaluation of research methods that would be useful in expanding knowledge of pathogen exchange between wild and farmed fish, and in surveys of diseases in wild fish populations. The impact of pathogen transfer from farmed fish to economically important wild fish populations is assessed together with risk analysis considering possible consequences of pathogen exchange between farmed and wild fish. Finally, the review contains suggestions for future research that will increase the knowledge in the field
Expectations, Realizations, and Approval of Tablet Computers in an Educational Setting

This is the accepted and refereed manuscript to the articleThe introduction of new technologies in classrooms is often thought to offer great potential for advancing learning. In this article, we investigate the relationship between such expectations and the post-implementation evaluation of a new technology in an educational setting. Building on psychological research, we argue that i) high expectations (ex ante) can undermine the approval ratings of new technologies (ex post); and ii) individuals’ post-implementation evaluations are more likely to exceed their expectations when they can exert power over the introduction of a new technology. We test these predictions on a sample of 750 respondents from primary and secondary schools in Flanders with and without tablet computers. Our findings are supportive of both theoretical predictions.2. Forfatterversjo
Formation of BH3 Adducts with Pyridine-2-Methylaminophosphine ligands: An experimental and computational study

The reaction of pyridine-2-methylaminophosphine [C5H4N-CH2NHPPh2] (1) and pyridine-2-methylphosphinoselenoic amide [C5H4N-CH2NHP(Se)Ph2] (2) with BH3⋅SMe2 yields the corresponding adducts [C5H4N(BH3)-CH2NHP(BH3)Ph2] (1a), and [C5H4N(BH3)-CH2NHP(Se)Ph2] (2a), respectively. The solid state structures of both the compounds were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The phosphorus and the pyridine nitrogen atoms are coordinated to the boron atom in the case of 1a whereas only pyridine nitrogen atom is attached to the BH3 group in the case of 2a. To understand the nature of P-B/ N-B bonds and to compare the basicities of pyridine nitrogen, amino nitrogen and phosphorus atoms, density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations were performed on the BH3 adducts 1a and 2a. The results are consistent with the experimental results
LLVM-based and scalable MPEG-RVC decoder

WOSInternational audienceMPEG reconfigurable video coding (RVC) is a new platform-independent specification methodology chosen by the MPEG community for describing coding standards. This methodology aims at producing abstract decoder models (ADMs) of MPEG decoders as programs described in a dataflow language namely "RVC-CAL Actor Language" (RVC-CAL). RVC-CAL naturally expresses potential parallelism between tasks of an application, which makes an ADM description suitable for implementation to a wide variety of platforms, from uniprocessor systems to FPGAs. MPEG RVC eases the development process of decoders by building decoders at a library-component level instead of using monolithic algorithms, and by providing a library of coding tools standardized in MPEG. This paper presents new mechanisms based on the low level virtual machine that allow the conception of a decoder able to dynamically instantiate several RVC decoder descriptions. This decoder, unlike static decoders generated by RVC tools, keeps de facto the features of an RVC description namely portability, scalability and reconfigurability
CX3CR1+ CD115+ CD135+ common macrophage/DC precursors and the role of CX3CR1 in their response to inflammation.

International audienceCX(3)CR1 expression is associated with the commitment of CSF-1R(+) myeloid precursors to the macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) lineage. However, the relationship of the CSF-1R(+) CX(3)CR1(+) macrophage/DC precursor (MDP) with other DC precursors and the role of CX(3)CR1 in macrophage and DC development remain unclear. We show that MDPs give rise to conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs), and monocytes, including Gr1(+) inflammatory monocytes that differentiate into TipDCs during infection. CX(3)CR1 deficiency selectively impairs the recruitment of blood Gr1(+) monocytes in the spleen after transfer and during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection but does not affect the development of monocytes, cDCs, and PDCs
Raman study of CFC tiles extracted from the toroidal pump limiter of Tore Supra

International audienceThe structure of six tiles extracted from the erosion and deposition zones (thin and thick deposition) of the Tore Supra toroidal pump limiter (TPL) have been analysed in the framework of the DITS campaign using micro-Raman spectroscopy. This post-mortem analysis gives information on both carbon structure and D content. We have found that the carbon structure is most often similar to that of plasma-deposited hard amorphous carbon layers. The role of the surface temperature during the discharge in the D content is investigated: in all locations where the temperature does not reach more than 500°C the D content seems to be roughly uniform with D/D+C ≈ 20%
Near infra-red spectroscopy of the asteroid 21 Lutetia. II. Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of the surface

Reproduced with permission. Copyright ESO. Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.aanda.orgInternational audienceAims. In the framework of the ground-based science campaign dedicated to the encounter with the Rosetta spacecraft, the mineralogy of the asteroid (21) Lutetia was investigated. Methods. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the asteroid in the 0.8−2.5 μm spectral range were obtained with SpeX/IRTF in remote observing mode from Meudon, France in March and April 2006. We analysed these data together with previously acquired spectra - March 2003, August 2004. I-band relative photometric data obtained on 20 January 2006 using the 105 cm telescope from Pic du Midi, France has been used to build the ephemeris for physical observations. A χ2 test using meteorite spectra from the RELAB database was performed in order to find the best fit of complete visible + infrared (VNIR) spectra of Lutetia. Results. The new spectra reveal no absorption features. We find a clear spectral variation (slope), and a good correspondence between spectral variations and rotational phase. Two of the most different spectra correspond to two opposite sides of the asteroid (sub-Earth longitude difference around 180◦). For the neutral spectra a carbonaceous chondrite spectrum yields the best fit, while for those with a slightly positive slope the enstatitic chondrite spectra are the best analog. Based on the chosen subset of the meteorite samples, our analysis suggests a primitive, chondritic nature for (21) Lutetia. Differences in spectra are interpreted in terms of the coexistence of several lithologies on the surface where the aqueous alteration played an important role
On the evolution of the oceanic component of the IPSL climate models from CMIP3 to CMIP5: A mean state comparison

International audienceThis study analyses the impact on the oceanic mean state of the evolution of the oceanic component (NEMO) of the climate model developed at Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL-CM), from the version IPSL-CM4, used for third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3), to IPSL-CM5A, used for CMIP5. Several modifications have been implemented between these two versions, in particular an interactive coupling with a biogeochemical module, a 3-band model for the penetration of the solar radiation, partial steps at the bottom of the ocean and a set of physical parameterisations to improve the representation of the impact of turbulent and tidal mixing. A set of forced and coupled experiments is used to single out the effect of each of these modifications and more generally the evolution of the oceanic component on the IPSL coupled models family. Major improvements are located in the Southern Ocean, where physical parameterisations such as partial steps and tidal mixing reinforce the barotropic transport of water mass, in particular in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current) and ensure a better representation of Antarctic bottom water masses. However, our analysis highlights that modifications, which substantially improve ocean dynamics in forced configuration, can yield or amplify biases in coupled configuration. In particular, the activation of radiative biophysical coupling between biogeochemical cycle and ocean dynamics results in a cooling of the ocean mean state. This illustrates the difficulty to improve and tune coupled climate models, given the large number of degrees of freedom and the potential compensating effects masking some biases