pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Analytical framework for reconstructing heterogeneous environmental variables from mammal community structure.

We test the performance of two models that use mammalian communities to reconstruct multivariate palaeoenvironments. While both models exploit the correlation between mammal communities (defined in terms of functional groups) and arboreal heterogeneity, the first uses a multiple multivariate regression of community structure and arboreal heterogeneity, while the second uses a linear regression of the principal components of each ecospace. The success of these methods means the palaeoenvironment of a particular locality can be reconstructed in terms of the proportions of heavy, moderate, light, and absent tree canopy cover. The linear regression is less biased, and more precisely and accurately reconstructs heavy tree canopy cover than the multiple multivariate model. However, the multiple multivariate model performs better than the linear regression for all other canopy cover categories. Both models consistently perform better than randomly generated reconstructions. We apply both models to the palaeocommunity of the Upper Laetolil Beds, Tanzania. Our reconstructions indicate that there was very little heavy tree cover at this site (likely less than 10%), with the palaeo-landscape instead comprising a mixture of light and absent tree cover. These reconstructions help resolve the previous conflicting palaeoecological reconstructions made for this site
Center of the universal Askey--Wilson algebra at roots of unity

Inspired by a profound observation on the Racah--Wigner coefficients of
$U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$, the Askey--Wilson algebras were introduced in the early
1990s. A universal analog $\triangle_q$ of the Askey--Wilson algebras was
recently studied. For $q$ not a root of unity, it is known that
$Z(\triangle_q)$ is isomorphic to the polynomial ring of four variables. A
presentation for $Z(\triangle_q)$ at $q$ a root of unity is displayed in this
paper. As an application, a presentation for the center of the double affine
Hecke algebra of type $(C_1^\vee,C_1)$ at roots of unity is obtained
Vector leptoquark resolution of $R_K$ and $R_{D^{(*)}}$ puzzles

We propose that three recent anomalies in $B$ meson decays, $R_{D^{(*)}}$,
$R_K$, and $P_5'$, might be explained by a single vector leptoquark weak
triplet state. The constraints on the parameter space are obtained by
considering $t \to b \tau^+ \nu$ data, lepton flavor universality tests in the
kaon sector, bounds on $B \to K^{(*)} \bar \nu \nu$, bound on the lepton flavor
violating decay $B \to K \mu \tau$, and measurements of $b \to c \mu^- \bar\nu$
decays. The presence of such vector leptoquark could be exposed in precise
measurements of $t \to b \tau \nu$ and $B \to K^{(*)} \bar \nu \nu$ decays. The
model also predicts approximate equality of lepton flavor universality ratios
$R_{K^*}$, $R_{K}$, and suppressed branching fraction of $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$.Comment: Update on B->Knu nu; 8 pages, 1 figur
Gas expulsion in massive star clusters? Constraints from observations of
  young and gas-free objects

Gas expulsion is a central concept in some of the models for multiple
populations and the light-element anticorrelations in globular clusters. If the
star formation efficiency was around 30 per cent and the gas expulsion happened
on the crossing timescale, this process could expel preferentially stars born
with the chemical composition of the proto-cluster gas, while stars with
special composition born in the centre would remain bound. Recently, a sample
of extragalactic, gas-free, young massive clusters has been identified that has
the potential to test the conditions for gas expulsion. We compute a large
number of thin shell models, and calculate if the Rayleigh-Taylor instability
is able to disrupt the shell before it reaches the escape speed. We show that
the success of gas expulsion depends on the compactness index of a star cluster
C5, proportionate to stellar mass over half-mass radius. For given C5, a
certain critical, local star formation efficiency is required to remove the
rest of the gas. Common stellar feedback processes may not lead to gas
expulsion with significant loss of stars above C5 = 1. Considering pulsar winds
and hypernovae, the limit increases to C5 = 30. If successful, gas expulsion
generally takes place on the crossing timescale. Some observed young massive
clusters have 1 < C5 < 10 and are gas-free at 10 Myr. This suggests that gas
expulsion does not affect their stellar mass significantly, unless powerful
pulsar winds and hypernovae are common in such objects. By comparison to
observations, we show that C5 is a better predictor for the expression of
multiple populations than stellar mass. The best separation between star
clusters with and without multiple populations is achieved by a stellar
winds-based gas expulsion model, where gas expulsion would occur exclusively in
star clusters without multiple populations.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, accepted by A&
Mid-Infrared Mapping of Jupiter's Temperatures, Aerosol Opacity and
  Chemical Distributions with IRTF/TEXES

Global maps of Jupiter's atmospheric temperatures, gaseous composition and
aerosol opacity are derived from a programme of 5-20 $\mu$m mid-infrared
spectroscopic observations using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph
(TEXES) on NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). Image cubes from December
2014 in eight spectral channels, with spectral resolutions of $R\sim2000-12000$
and spatial resolutions of $2-4^\circ$ latitude, are inverted to generate 3D
maps of tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures, 2D maps of upper
tropospheric aerosols, phosphine and ammonia, and 2D maps of stratospheric
ethane and acetylene. The results are compared to a re-analysis of Cassini
Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) observations acquired during Cassini's
closest approach to Jupiter in December 2000, demonstrating that this new
archive of ground-based mapping spectroscopy can match and surpass the quality
of previous investigations, and will permit future studies of Jupiter's
evolving atmosphere. We identify mid-infrared signatures of Jupiter's 5-$\mu$m
hotspots via simultaneous M, N and Q-band observations, which are interpreted
as temperature and ammonia variations in the northern Equatorial Zone and on
the edge of the North Equatorial Belt (NEB). Equatorial plumes enriched in
NH$_3$ gas are located south-east of NH$_3$-desiccated `hotspots' on the edge
of the NEB. Comparison of the hotspot locations in several channels across the
5-20 $\mu$m range indicate that these anomalous regions tilt westward with
altitude. Aerosols and PH$_3$ are both enriched at the equator but are not
co-located with the NH$_3$ plumes. We find hemispheric asymmetries in the
distribution of tropospheric PH$_3$, stratospheric hydrocarbons and the 2D wind
field. Jupiter's stratosphere is notably warmer at northern mid-latitudes than
in the south in both 2000 and 2014. [Abridged]Comment: 44 pages, 21 figures, published in Icaru
Relative pitch perception and the detection of deviant tone patterns

Most people are able to recognise familiar tunes even when played in a different key. It is assumed that this depends on a general capacity for relative pitch perception; the ability to recognise the pattern of inter-note intervals that characterises the tune. However, when healthy adults are required to detect rare deviant melodic patterns in a sequence of randomly transposed standard patterns they perform close to chance. Musically experienced participants perform better than naïve participants, but even they find the task difficult, despite the fact that musical training pays explicit attention to interval recognition.\ud
To understand the source of this difficulty we designed an experiment to explore the relative influence of the size of within-pattern intervals and between-pattern transpositions on detecting deviant melodic patterns. We found that task difficulty increases when patterns contain large intervals (5-7 semitones) rather than small intervals (1-3 semitones). While task difficulty increases substantially when transpositions are introduced, the effect of transposition size (large vs small) is weaker. Increasing the range of permissible intervals to be used also makes the task more difficult. Furthermore, providing an initial exact repetition followed by subsequent transpositions does not improve performance. Although musical training correlates with task performance, we find no evidence that violations to musical intervals important in Western music (i.e. the perfect fifth or fourth) are more easily detected. In summary, relative pitch perception does not appear to be conducive to simple explanations based exclusively on invariant physical ratios.\u
Psychometric properties of the antisocial process screening device in a non - clinical sample of Turkish children

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Frick & Hare, 2002) to be used with non-clinical Turkish samples. APSD is a 20-item scale that evaluates antisocial behaviors and the presence of psychopathic traits in children between 6-13 years of age. Study 1 was designed to check the internal consistency and test-retest and inter-rater reliabilities. Despite satisfactory test-retest and inter-rater reliability coefficients, the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the Callous Unemotional (CU) dimension were very low in all the three forms (parent, teacher, and combined). Study 2 was designed to check the internal consistency after conducting the revisions and also validity analyses, mainly by using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997). Consequently, the Turkish version of APSD showed reliable and valid results to evaluate the psychopathic traits and antisocial behaviors of the children between 8-11 years of age in the non-clinical Turkish sample
An improved limit for Γee of X(3872) and Γee measurement of ψ(3686)

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)Using the data sets taken at center-of-mass energies above 4 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, we search for the reaction e+e-→γISRX(3872)→γISRπ+π-J/ψ via the Initial State Radiation technique. The production of a resonance with quantum numbers JPC=1++ such as the X(3872) via single photon e+e- annihilation is forbidden, but is allowed by a next-to-leading order box diagram. We do not observe a significant signal of X(3872), and therefore give an upper limit for the electronic width times the branching fraction ΓeeX(3872)B(X(3872)→π+π-J/ψ)<0.13 eV at the 90% confidence level. This measurement improves upon existing limits by a factor of 46. Using the same final state, we also measure the electronic width of the ψ(3686) to be Γeeψ(3686)=2213±18stat±99sys eV
Adequate Inner Bound for Geometric Modeling with Compact Field Function

International audienceRecent advances in implicit surface modeling now provide highly controllable blending effects. These effects rely on the field functions of $\mathbb{R}^3 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ in which the implicit surfaces are defined. In these fields, there is an outside part in which blending is defined and an inside part. The implicit surface is the interface between these two parts. As recent operators often focus on blending, most efforts have been made on the outer part of field functions and little attention has been paid on the inner part. Yet, the inner fields are important as soon as difference and intersection operators are used. This makes its quality as crucial as the quality of the outside. In this paper, we analyze these shortcomings, and deduce new constraints on field functions such that differences and intersections can be seamlessly applied without introducing discontinuities or field distortions. In particular, we show how to adapt state of the art gradient-based union and blending operators to our new constraints. Our approach enables a precise control of the shape of both the inner or outer field boundaries. We also introduce a new set of asymmetric operators tailored for the modeling of fine details while preserving the integrity of the resulting fields
Diffusive scaling and the high-energy limit of deep inelastic scattering in QCD at large $N_c$

URL: http://www-spht.cea.fr/articles/T06/001 Processus diffractifs en QCD à haute énergie et grand nombre de couleurs http://fr.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0601150International audienceWithin the limits of the large--$N_c$ approximation (with $N_c$ the number of colors), we establish the high--energy behaviour of the diffractive and inclusive cross--sections for deep inelastic scattering at fixed impact parameter. We demonstrate that for sufficiently high energies and up to very large values of $Q^2$, well above the proton average saturation momentum $\langle Q_s^2\rangle$, the cross--sections are dominated by dense fluctuations in the target wavefunction, that is, by the relatively rare gluon configurations which are at saturation on the resolution scale $Q^2$ of the virtual photon. This has important physical consequences, like the emergence of a new, {\em diffusive}, scaling, which replaces the `geometric scaling' property characteristic of the mean field approximation. To establish this, we shall rely on a dipole version of the Good--Walker formula for diffraction (that we shall derive here in the context of DIS), together with the high--energy estimates for the dipole scattering amplitudes which follow from the recently established evolution equations with Pomeron loops and include the relevant fluctuations. We also find that, as a consequence of fluctuations, the diffractive cross--section at high energy is dominated by the elastic scattering of the quark--antiquark component of the virtual photon, up to relatively large virtualities $Q^2\gg \langle Q_s^2\rangle$
Predicting the Evolution of Gene ura3 in the Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

International audienceSince the late '60s, various genome evolutionary models have been proposed to predict the evolution of a DNA sequence as the generations pass. Essentially, two main categories of such models can be found in the literature. The first one, based on nucleotides evolution, uses a mutation matrix of size 4x4. It encompasses for instance the well-known models of Jukes and Cantor, Kimura, and Tamura. In the second category, exclusively studied by Bahi and Michel, the evolution of trinucleotides is studied through a matrix of size 64x64. By essence, all of these models relate the evolution of DNA sequences to the computation of the successive powers of a mutation matrix. To make this computation possible, particular forms for the mutation matrix are assumed, which are not compatible with mutation rates that have been recently obtained experimentally on gene $ura3$ of the Yeast \textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}. Using this experimental study, authors of this paper have deduced a simple mutation matrice, compute the future evolution of the rate purine/pyrimidine for ura3, investigate the particular behavior of cytosines and thymines compared to purines, and simulate the evolution of each nucleotide
Partitioned {PLTL} Model-Checking for Refined Transition Systems

International audienceThis paper is about the verification of dynamic properties by model-checking for finite state reactive systems. Properties are expressed as PLTL formulae. Systems are specified through a top-down refinement process. In order to cope with the state explosion problem, we propose partitioning the state space to be verified and to verify the properties independently on each part. Properties that are such that if they hold on every part then they hold for the whole system are called verifiable by parts. In a previous paper, we presented a class of interesting PLTL properties that are always verifiable by parts. That is, they are verifiable by parts with any partitioning of the state space. In addition to these properties, some properties are verifiable by parts on a system provided with a particular partitioning. In this paper, we propose a partitioning of the state space of a system that is guided by the refinement process. We introduce an extended class of PLTL properties that are verifiable by parts with regard to this partitioning. This class includes the first one. In particular, the new class includes liveness properties under fairness assumptions. This class is defined from Buchi automata that accept the language of the negations of the properties. Our work is illustrated by its application to a chip card protocol called T=1. This protocol is specified through successive refinements
Multilayered polymeric particle production using superhydrophobic surfaces methodology for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications

Encapsulating technologies that render spherical particles containing
cells or relevant moleculeshave been developed to be used in fields
such as tissue engineering, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, agriculture, as
also in other bio-related applications, namely biosensors and bioreactors.
The multiple bioactive agents release, with an important role in
tissue regeneration, constitutes an important strategy in tissue engineering.
The control of bioactive agents release may be achieved
increasing the complexity of the encapsulating particles by adjusting
the chemistry and the architecture. In this context, multi-compartmentalized
systems able to simultaneously deliver various bioactive agents
at different kinetics have emerged and are envisioned to be the next
area of development. Multilayered particles exhibiting predefined
diameters and layers thickness may offer additional advantages including
higher bioactive agents loads, improved molecules stability, and tailored
release schedules such as delayed or pulsatile avoiding initial
bursts. The most external layers could even act as rate-limiting barriers
to further reduce burst release. Since multilayered particles are compartmented,
each particle can load multiple bioactive agents isolated
from each other. Similarly, more than one type of cells may be immobilized
into different compartments. The layers thickness and composition
determine the performance of the system. Compared to
monocompartment delivery systems, the development of multi-compartmented
structures is still immature and intensive efforts are being
done to efficiently produce this type of systems. The production of
multi-compartmented particles is quite challenging and the existing
methodologies involve wet and aggressive conditions that compromise
the encapsulation efficiency of bioactive agents and the viability of
cells. Herein we report a simple bottom-up approach suitable for preparing
multilayered polymeric particles in a very fast way, which
involves the use of biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces. In the present
work, concentric multilayered polymeric particles were prepared by
adding layers one-by-one, and then their applications as carriers for
sequential multiple drug release and as scaffolds for cells immobilization
intended in cell therapies or tissue engineering were explored. The
results showed that the engineered particles can be loaded with different
molecules confined in different compartments for later sequential
and time-programmed release. They can also immobilize cells maintaining
them viable for long time, being potentially useful for cell-based
therapies
Sizing and counting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae floc populations by image analysis, using an automatically calculated threshold

A standardized image analysis method has been developed permitting determination of the number of yeast flocs and their size distribution. The method includes image grabbing, image enhancement, automatic determination of the appropriate threshold, curve fitting of the areahistogram, determination of the mean single floc area and its standard deviation, and floc counting. The extension of the method to other applications is immediate and straightforward. Two Saccharomyces cerevisiae floc Populations (with ages of 48 and 72 h) were analyzed. The results showed a variation around the mean of 9%-12% for the single floc mean area, 6%-7% for the number of single flocs, and 5%-6% for the total number of flocs. Aggregates of two flocs (doublets) and three flocs (triplets) were enumerated. The correctness of the method was checked by analyzing the parameters of interest as a function of the threshold. The constant correlation between the parameters and the threshold showed the validity and consistency of the method. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Search for production of vector-like quark pairs and of four top quarks in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collisions at root 8=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for pair production of vector-like quarks, both up-type (T) and down-type (B), as well as for four-top-quark production, is presented. The search is based on pp collisions at s√=8 TeV recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. Data are analysed in the lepton-plus-jets final state, characterised by an isolated electron or muon with high transverse momentum, large missing transverse momentum and multiple jets. Dedicated analyses are performed targeting three cases: a T quark with significant branching ratio to a W boson and a b-quark (TT¯→Wb+X), and both a T quark and a B quark with significant branching ratio to a Higgs boson and a third-generation quark (TT¯→Ht+X and BB¯→Hb+X respectively). No significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed, and 95% CL lower limits are derived on the masses of the vector-like T and B quarks under several branching ratio hypotheses assuming contributions from T→Wb, Zt, Ht and B→Wt, Zb, Hb decays. The 95% CL observed lower limits on the T quark mass range between 715 GeV and 950 GeV for all possible values of the branching ratios into the three decay modes, and are the most stringent constraints to date. Additionally, the most restrictive upper bounds on four-top-quark production are set in a number of new physics scenarios
Near-Hagedorn thermodynamics and random walks: extensions and examples

In this paper, we discuss several explicit examples of the results obtained in [1]. We elaborate on the random walk picture in these spacetimes and how it is modified. Firstly we discuss the linear dilaton background. Then we analyze a previously studied toroidally compactified background where we determine the Hagedorn temperature and study the random walk picture. We continue with flat space orbifold models where we discuss boundary conditions for the thermal scalar. Finally, we study the general link between the quantum numbers in the fundamental domain and the strip and their role in thermodynamics