pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Simulated environments in architecture education: improving the student motivation

The increasing graphic quality and ease of use of the current generation of videogame technology compels educators to rethink how architecture students learn. This paper presents the results of an educational experience with architecture students that explored the suitability of virtual environments as an educational tool. Students explored the simulated environment of an architectural proposal and filled a survey asking whether the experience had made them reason about some fundamental qualities of space. The results revealed that the virtual environment was capable of making students reflect on the functional, formal or material qualities of architectural spaces, suggesting a new education avenue using gamification or serious games strategies.Postprint (author's final draft
Urban gamification in architecture

This paper describes early stages of an educational project focused on using gamification in architecture education. The state of the art of gamification technologies applied to education, architecture and urban design, is introduced, as well as main objectives of the project. It is based on the use of virtual reality systems on urban spaces to asses motivational, social, and spatial competences in an educational context. Finally, assessment methodology and previous design concepts are discussed.Postprint (author's final draft
The tool supporting decision making process in area of job-shop scheduling

Today most manufacturing companies from machine building industry are operating in single unit or short-run production which is very complex in terms of decision making processes in production planning area. The difficulty in decision making in the area of scheduling is caused by the necessity of analy sing multiple factors and evaluating various scheduling options due to numerous criteria. The article presents the author’s tool supporting decision making in the area of job-shop scheduling. The tool introduced in the article enables scheduling based on author’s priority rule allowing maximum usage of the most loaded resource (known as critical resource), which determines efficiency of the produc tion system. The tool has been designed and verified as a part of PhD dissertation research.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Cycle time reduction in deck roller assembly production unit with value stream mapping analysis

Cycle time reduction is of paramount importance in a manufacturing industry as the customer not only emphasizes on the quality of the product but also takes into consideration the timely delivery of the product. The proposed framework and the advanced methodology in this paper are capable of dealing with each stage of the considered manufacturing unit by maximizing the value of the product through reduction of cycle times and minimization of waste. The time required for all the processes in the manufacturing of the deck rollers is identified and are classified into value added (VA) and non-value added (NVA). Finally, the cycle times were reduced by applying the lean tools and principles on some managerial relevances. Also, Arena software was used to simulate the current and future value stream maps and the change in the cycle times, waiting times, machine utilization, etc. was determined.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Outer Regions of the Milky Way

With the start of the Gaia era, the time has come to address the major
challenge of deriving the star formation history and evolution of the disk of
our MilkyWay. Here we review our present knowledge of the outer regions of the
Milky Way disk population. Its stellar content, its structure and its dynamical
and chemical evolution are summarized, focussing on our lack of understanding
both from an observational and a theoretical viewpoint. We describe the
unprecedented data that Gaia and the upcoming ground-based spectroscopic
surveys will provide in the next decade. More in detail, we quantify the expect
accuracy in position, velocity and astrophysical parameters of some of the key
tracers of the stellar populations in the outer Galactic disk. Some insights on
the future capability of these surveys to answer crucial and fundamental issues
are discussed, such as the mechanisms driving the spiral arms and the warp
formation. Our Galaxy, theMilkyWay, is our cosmological laboratory for
understanding the process of formation and evolution of disk galaxies. What we
learn in the next decades will be naturally transferred to the extragalactic
domain.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of
  Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
  Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
Future Prospects: Deep Imaging of Galaxy Outskirts using Telescopes
  Large and Small

The Universe is almost totally unexplored at low surface brightness levels.
In spite of great progress in the construction of large telescopes and
improvements in the sensitivity of detectors, the limiting surface brightness
of imaging observations has remained static for about forty years. Recent
technical advances have at last begun to erode the barriers preventing
progress. In this Chapter we describe the technical challenges to low surface
brightness imaging, describe some solutions, and highlight some relevant
observations that have been undertaken recently with both large and small
telescopes. Our main focus will be on discoveries made with the Dragonfly
Telephoto Array (Dragonfly), which is a new telescope concept designed to probe
the Universe down to hitherto unprecedented low surface brightness levels. We
conclude by arguing that these discoveries are probably only scratching the
surface of interesting phenomena that are observable when the Universe is
explored at low surface brightness levels.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures, Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of
  Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
  Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
Resolved Stellar Populations as Tracers of Outskirts

Galaxy haloes contain fundamental clues about the galaxy formation and
evolution process: hierarchical cosmological models predict haloes to be
ubiquitous, and to be (at least in part) the product of past merger and/or
accretion events. The advent of wide-field surveys in the last two decades has
revolutionized our view of our own Galaxy and its closest "sister", Andromeda,
revealing copious tidal streams from past and ongoing accretion episodes, as
well as doubling the number of their known faint satellites. The focus shall
now be shifted to galaxy haloes beyond the Local Group: resolving individual
stars over significant areas of galaxy haloes will enable estimates of their
ages, metallicities and gradients. The valuable information collected for
galaxies with a range of masses, morphologies and within diverse environments
will ultimately test and quantitatively inform theoretical models of galaxy
formation, and shed light onto the many challenges faced by simulations on
galactic scales.Comment: Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of Galaxies", Eds. J. H.
  Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and Space Science Library,
  Springer, in pres
The Impact of Stellar Migration on Disk Outskirts

Stellar migration, whether due to trapping by transient spirals (churning),
or to scattering by non-axisymmetric perturbations, has been proposed to
explain the presence of stars in outer disks. After a review of the basic
theory, we present compelling, but not yet conclusive, evidence that churning
has been important in the outer disks of galaxies with type II (down-bending)
profiles, while scattering has produced the outer disks of type III
(up-bending) galaxies. In contrast, field galaxies with type I (pure
exponential) profiles appear to not have experienced substantial migration. We
conclude by suggesting work that would improve our understanding of the origin
of outer disks.Comment: Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of Galaxies", Eds. J. H.
  Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and Space Science Library,
  Springer, in press 39 pages, 15 figure
Outskirts of Nearby Disk Galaxies: Star Formation and Stellar
  Populations

The properties and star formation processes in the far-outer disks of nearby
spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies are reviewed. The origin and structure of
the generally exponential profiles in stellar disks is considered to result
from cosmological infall combined with a non-linear star formation law and a
history of stellar migration and scattering from spirals, bars, and random
collisions with interstellar clouds. In both spirals and dwarfs, the far-outer
disks tend to be older, redder and thicker than the inner disks, with the
overall radial profiles suggesting inside-out star formation plus stellar
scattering in spirals, and outside-in star formation with a possible
contribution from scattering in dwarfs. Dwarf irregulars and the far-outer
parts of spirals both tend to be gas dominated, and the gas radial profile is
often non-exponential although still decreasing with radius. The ratio of
H-alpha to far-UV flux tends to decrease with lower surface brightness in these
regions, suggesting either a change in the initial stellar mass function or the
sampling of that function, or a possible loss of H-alpha photons.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of
  Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
  Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
Metallicities in the Outer Regions of Spiral Galaxies

The analysis of the chemical composition of galaxies provides fundamental
insights into their evolution. This holds true also in the case of the outer
regions of spiral galaxies. This Chapter presents the observational data,
accumulated in the past few years mostly from the analysis of HII region
spectra, concerning the metallicity of the outer disks of spirals that are
characterized by extended HI envelopes and low star formation rates. I present
evidence from the literature that the metal radial distribution flattens at
large galactocentric distances, with levels of enrichment that exceed those
expected given the large gas mass fractions and the weak star formation
activity. The interpretation of these results leads to speculations regarding
mechanisms of metal mixing in galactic disks and the possibility that
metal-enriched gas infall plays a role in determining the chemical evolution of
the outskirts of spirals.Comment: Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of Galaxies", Eds. J. H.
  Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and Space Science Library,
  Springer, in pres
HI in the Outskirts of Nearby Galaxies

The HI in disk galaxies frequently extends beyond the optical image, and can
trace the dark matter there. I briefly highlight the history of high spatial
resolution HI imaging, the contribution it made to the dark matter problem, and
the current tension between several dynamical methods to break the disk-halo
degeneracy. I then turn to the flaring problem, which could in principle probe
the shape of the dark halo. Instead, however, a lot of attention is now devoted
to understanding the role of gas accretion via galactic fountains. The current
$\rm \Lambda$ cold dark matter theory has problems on galactic scales, such as
the core-cusp problem, which can be addressed with HI observations of dwarf
galaxies. For a similar range in rotation velocities, galaxies of type Sd have
thin disks, while those of type Im are much thicker. After a few comments on
modified Newtonian dynamics and on irregular galaxies, I close with statistics
on the HI extent of galaxies.Comment: 38 pages, 17 figures, invited review, book chapter in "Outskirts of
  Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
  Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
Ultra-deep Imaging: Structure of Disks and Haloes

Deep imaging is a fundamental tool in the study of the outermost structures
of galaxies. We review recent developments in ultra-deep imaging of galaxy
disks and haloes, highlighting the technical advances as well as the
challenges, and summarizing observational results in the context of modern
theory and simulations. The deepest modern galaxy imaging comes from three main
sources: (1) surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey's Stripe 82 project,
(2) very long exposures on small telescopes, including by amateurs, and (3)
long exposures on the largest professional telescopes. The technical challenges
faced are common in all these approaches, and include the treatment of light
scattered by atmosphere and telescope/instrument, correct flat fielding, and
the subtraction of non-galaxy light in the images. We review scientific results
on galaxy disks and haloes obtained with deep imaging, including the detection
and characterization of stellar haloes, tidal features and stellar streams,
disk truncations, and thick disks. The area of ultra-deep imaging is still very
much unexplored territory, and future work in this area promises significant
advances in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution.Comment: 34 pages, Invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of Galaxies",
  Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and Space
  Science Library, Springer, in pres
Outskirts of Distant Galaxies In Absorption

QSO absorption spectroscopy provides a sensitive probe of both the neutral
medium and diffuse ionized gas in the distant Universe. It extends 21cm maps of
gaseous structures around low-redshift galaxies both to lower gas column
densities and to higher redshifts. Combining galaxy surveys with
absorption-line observations of gas around galaxies enables comprehensive
studies of baryon cycles in galaxy outskirts over cosmic time. This Chapter
presents a review of the empirical understanding of the cosmic neutral gas
reservoir from studies of damped Lya absorbers (DLAs). It describes the
constraints on the star formation relation and chemical enrichment history in
the outskirts of distant galaxies from DLA studies. A brief discussion of
available constraints on the ionized circumgalactic gas from studies of lower
column density Lya absorbers and associated ionic absorption transitions is
presented at the end.Comment: 45 pages, 7 figures, invited review, Book chapter in "Outskirts of
  Galaxies", Eds. J. H. Knapen, J. C. Lee and A. Gil de Paz, Astrophysics and
  Space Science Library, Springer, in pres
A task completion engine to enhance search session support for air traffic work tasks

Providing support for users during their search sessions has been hailed as a major challenge in interactive information retrieval (IIR). Providing such support requires considering the context of the search and facilitating the work task at hand. In this paper, we consider the work tasks associated with air traffic analysts, who perform numerous searches using a multifaceted search interface in order to acquire business intelligence regarding particular events and situations. In particular, we develop a novel task completion engine and seamlessly incorporated it within a current air traffic search system to facilitate the comparison of information objects found. In a study with 24 participants, we found that they completed the complex work task faster using the comparison feature, but for simple work tasks, participants were slower. However, participants reported (statistically) significantly higher satisfaction and had (statistically) significantly higher accuracy using the search system equipped with task completion engine. These findings help to steer systems to provide a better support to users in their search process
Human-Based Query Difficulty Prediction

The purpose of an automatic query difficulty predictor is to decide whether an information retrieval system is able to provide the most appropriate answer for a current query. Researchers have investigated many types of automatic query difficulty predictors. These are mostly related to how search engines process queries and documents: they are based on the inner workings of searching/ranking system functions, and therefore they do not provide any really insightful explanation as to the reasons for the difficulty, and they neglect user-oriented aspects. In this paper we study if humans can provide useful explanations, or reasons, of why they think a query will be easy or difficult for a search engine.We run two experiments with variations in the TREC reference collection, the amount of information available about the query, and the method of annotation generation. We examine the correlation between the human prediction, the reasons they provide, the automatic prediction, and the actual system effectiveness. The main findings of this study are twofold. First, we confirm the result of previous studies stating that human predictions correlate only weakly with system effectiveness. Second, and probably more important, after analyzing the reasons given by the annotators we find that: (i) overall, the reasons seem coherent, sensible, and informative; (ii) humans have an accurate picture of some query or term characteristics; and (iii) yet, they cannot reliably predict system/query difficulty
Ancient Roman coin retrieval : a systematic examination of the effects of coin grade

Ancient coins are historical artefacts of great significance which attract the interest of scholars, and a large and growing number of amateur collectors. Computer vision based analysis and retrieval of ancient coins holds much promise in this realm, and has been the subject of an increasing amount of research. The present work is in great part motivated by the lack of systematic evaluation of the existing methods in the context of coin grade which is one of the key challenges both to humans and automatic methods. We describe a series of methods – some being adopted from previous work and others as extensions thereof – and perform the first thorough analysis to date.Postprin
Search Personalization with Embeddings

Recent research has shown that the performance of search personalization
depends on the richness of user profiles which normally represent the user's
topical interests. In this paper, we propose a new embedding approach to
learning user profiles, where users are embedded on a topical interest space.
We then directly utilize the user profiles for search personalization.
Experiments on query logs from a major commercial web search engine demonstrate
that our embedding approach improves the performance of the search engine and
also achieves better search performance than other strong baselines.Comment: In Proceedings of the 39th European Conference on Information
  Retrieval, ECIR 2017, to appea
Design Patterns for Fusion-Based Object Retrieval

We address the task of ranking objects (such as people, blogs, or verticals)
that, unlike documents, do not have direct term-based representations. To be
able to match them against keyword queries, evidence needs to be amassed from
documents that are associated with the given object. We present two design
patterns, i.e., general reusable retrieval strategies, which are able to
encompass most existing approaches from the past. One strategy combines
evidence on the term level (early fusion), while the other does it on the
document level (late fusion). We demonstrate the generality of these patterns
by applying them to three different object retrieval tasks: expert finding,
blog distillation, and vertical ranking.Comment: Proceedings of the 39th European conference on Advances in
  Information Retrieval (ECIR '17), 201
Hey, vitrivr! - A Multimodal UI for Video Retrieval

In this paper, we present a multimodal web-based user interface for the vitrivr system. vitrivr is a modern, open-source video retrieval system for searching in large collections of video using a great variety of query modes, including query-by-sketch, query-by-example and query-by-motion. With the multimodal user interface, prospective users benefit from being able to naturally interact with the vitrivr system by using spoken commands and also by applying multimodal commands which combine spoken instructions with manual pointing. While the main strength of the UI is the seamless combination of speech-based and sketch-based interaction for multimedia similarity search, the speech modality has shown to be very effective for retrieval on its own. In particular, it helps overcoming accessibility boundaries and offering retrieval functionality for users with disabilities. Finally, for a holistic natural experience with the vitrivr system, we have integrated a speech synthesis engine that returns spoken answers to the user
Quantum authentication with key recycling

We show that a family of quantum authentication protocols introduced in
[Barnum et al., FOCS 2002] can be used to construct a secure quantum channel
and additionally recycle all of the secret key if the message is successfully
authenticated, and recycle part of the key if tampering is detected. We give a
full security proof that constructs the secure channel given only insecure
noisy channels and a shared secret key. We also prove that the number of
recycled key bits is optimal for this family of protocols, i.e., there exists
an adversarial strategy to obtain all non-recycled bits. Previous works
recycled less key and only gave partial security proofs, since they did not
consider all possible distinguishers (environments) that may be used to
distinguish the real setting from the ideal secure quantum channel and secret
key resource.Comment: 38+17 pages, 13 figures. v2: constructed ideal secure channel and
  secret key resource have been slightly redefined; also added a proof in the
  appendix for quantum authentication without key recycling that has better
  parameters and only requires weak purity testing code
Quantum-Secure Symmetric-Key Cryptography Based on Hidden Shifts

Recent results of Kaplan et al., building on previous work by Kuwakado and
Morii, have shown that a wide variety of classically-secure symmetric-key
cryptosystems can be completely broken by quantum chosen-plaintext attacks
(qCPA). In such an attack, the quantum adversary has the ability to query the
cryptographic functionality in superposition. The vulnerable cryptosystems
include the Even-Mansour block cipher, the three-round Feistel network, the
Encrypted-CBC-MAC, and many others. In this work, we study simple algebraic
adaptations of such schemes that replace $(\mathbb Z/2)^n$ addition with
operations over alternate finite groups--such as $\mathbb Z/{2^n}$--and provide
evidence that these adaptations are qCPA-secure. These adaptations furthermore
retain the classical security properties (and basic structural features)
enjoyed by the original schemes.
  We establish security by treating the (quantum) hardness of the well-studied
Hidden Shift problem as a basic cryptographic assumption. We observe that this
problem has a number of attractive features in this cryptographic context,
including random self-reducibility, hardness amplification, and--in many cases
of interest--a reduction from the "search version" to the "decisional version."
We then establish, under this assumption, the qCPA-security of several such
Hidden Shift adaptations of symmetric-key constructions. We show that a Hidden
Shift version of the Even-Mansour block cipher yields a quantum-secure
pseudorandom function, and that a Hidden Shift version of the Encrypted CBC-MAC
yields a collision-resistant hash function. Finally, we observe that such
adaptations frustrate the direct Simon's algorithm-based attacks in more
general circumstances, e.g., Feistel networks and slide attacks.Comment: 22 pages, to appear in Proceedings of EUROCRYPT 201