pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The optical afterglow and host galaxy of GRB 000926.

We present the discovery of the Optical Transient (OT) of the long-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 000926. The optical transient was detected independently with the Nordic Optical Telescope and at Calar Alto 22.2 hours after the burst. At this time the magnitude of the transient was R = 19.36. The transient faded with a decay slope of about 1.7 during the first two days after which the slope increased abruptly (within a few hours) to about 2.4. The light-curve started to flatten off after about a week indicating the presence of an underlying extended object. This object was detected in a deep image obtained one month after the GRB at R=23.87+/-0.15 and consists of several compact knots within about 5 arcsec. One of the knots is spatially coincident with the position of the OT and hence most likely belongs to the host galaxy. Higher resolution imaging is needed to resolve whether all the compact knots belong to the host galaxy or to several independent objects. In a separate paper we present a discussion of the optical spectrum of the OT, and its inferred redshift (Møller et al., in prep.). Based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, operated on the island of La Palma jointly by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Based on observations made at the 2.2-m telescope of the German-Spanish Calar Alto Observatory. Based on observations made with the Isaac Newton Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
Optimal barrier zones for stopping the invasion of Aedes\ud
aegypti mosquitoes via transgenic or sterile insect techniques\ud

Biological invasions have dramatically altered the natural world by threatening native species and their communities. Moreover, when the invading species is a vector for human disease, there are further substantive public health and economic impacts. The development of transgenic technologies is being explored in relation to new approaches for the biological control of insect pests. We investigate the use of two control strategies, classical sterile insect techniques and transgenic late-acting bisex lethality (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal), for controlling invasion of the mosquito Aedes aegypti using a spatial stage-structured mathematical model. In particular, we explore the use of a barrier zone of sterile/transgenic insects to prevent or impede the invasion of mosquitoes. We show that the level of control required is not only highly sensitive to the rate at which the sterile/transgenic males are released in the barrier zone but also to the spatial range of release. Our models characterise how the distribution of sterile/transgenic mosquitoes in the barrier zone can be controlled so as to minimise the number of mass-produced insects required for the arrest of species invasion. We predict that, given unknown rates of mosquito dispersal, management strategies should concentrate on larger release areas rather than more intense release rates for optimal control.\u
High- and low-affinity PEGylated hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers : differential oxidative stress in a Guinea pig transfusion model

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are an investigational replacement for blood transfusions and are known to cause oxidative damage to tissues. To investigate the correlation between their oxygen binding properties and these detrimental effects, we investigated two PEGylated HBOCs endowed with different oxygen binding properties - but otherwise chemically identical - in a Guinea pig transfusion model. Plasma samples were analyzed for biochemical markers of inflammation, tissue damage and organ dysfunction; proteins and lipids of heart and kidney extracts were analyzed for markers of oxidative damage. Overall, both HBOCs produced higher oxidative stress in comparison to an auto-transfusion control group. Particularly, tissue 4-hydroxynonenal adducts, tissue malondialdehyde adducts and plasma 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine exhibited significantly higher levels in comparison with the control group. For malondialdehyde adducts, a higher level in the renal tissue was observed for animals treated with the high-affinity HBOC, hinting at a correlation between the HBOCs oxygen binding properties and the oxidative stress they produce. Moreover, we found that the high-affinity HBOC produced greater tissue oxygenation in comparison with the low affinity one, possibly correlating with the higher oxidative stress it induced
Molecular gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA) VII. NGC4569, a large scale
  bar funnelling gas into the nuclear region

This work is part of the NUGA survey of CO emission in nearby active
galaxies. We present observations of NGC4569, a member of the Virgo Cluster. We
analyse the molecular gas distribution and kinematics in the central region and
we investigate a possible link to the strong starburst present at the nucleus.
70% of the 1.1x10^9 Msolar of molecular gas detected in the inner 20" is found
to be concentrated within the inner 800 pc and is distributed along the large
scale stellar bar seen in near-infrared observations. A hole in the CO
distribution coincides with the nucleus where most of the Halpha emission and
blue light are emitted. The kinematics are modelled in three different ways,
ranging from the purely geometrical to the most physical. This approach allows
us to constrain progressively the physical properties of the galaxy and
eventually to emerge with a reasonable fit to an analytical model of orbits in
a barred potential. Fitting an axisymmetric model shows that the non-circular
motions must be comparable in amplitude to the circular motions (120 km/s).
Fitting a model based on elliptical orbits allows us to identify with
confidence the single inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) of the large scale bar.
Finally, a model based on analytical solutions for the gas particle orbits in a
weakly barred potential constrained by the ILR radius reproduces the
observations well. The mass inflow rate is then estimated and discussed based
on the best fit model solution. The gravitational torques implied by this model
are able to efficiently funnel the gas inside the ILR down to 300 pc, although
another mechanism must take over to fuel the nuclear starburst inside 100 pc.Comment: accepted for publication in A&
Can mobile phones help control neglected tropical diseases?: experiences from Tanzania

The increasing proliferation of mobiles offers possibilities for improving health systems in developing countries. A case in point is Tanzania which has piloted a mobile phone-based Management Information System (MIS) for the control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) where village health workers (VHWs) were given mobile phones with web-based software to test the feasibility of using frontline health workers to capture data at point of source. Based on qualitative case study research carried out in 2011, we found that providing mobile phones to VHWs has helped to increase the efficiency of routine work boosting the motivation and self-esteem of VHWs. However, despite these advantages, the information generated from the mobile phone-based NTD MIS has yet to be used to support decentralised decision-making. Even with improved technology and political will, the biggest hindrance to local usage of information for health planning is the lack of synthesised and analysed health information from the district and national levels to the villages. Without inculcating a culture of providing health information feedback to frontline workers and community organisations, the benefits of the intervention will be limited. If not addressed, this will mean that mobiles have maintained the one-way upward flow of information for NTD control and simply made reporting more hi-tech
An infrared background--TeV gamma-ray crisis?

We consider the implications of the recent determination of the universal
infrared background for the propagation of photons up to 20 TeV from the active
galaxy Markarian 501 as observed by HEGRA. At 20 TeV the mean free path for
photon-photon collisions on the infrared background would be much shorter than
the distance to Markarian 501, implying absorption factors of the order of
exp(-10), or greater, and consequently an excessive power output for this
active galaxy. Possible solutions of this problem are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B.
  Minor change
Optical spectroscopy of the candidate luminous white dwarf in the young
  LMC cluster NGC1818

An optical spectrum of the Elson et al. (1998) candidate luminous white dwarf
in the young LMC cluster NGC1818 shows conclusively that it is not a degenerate
star. A model atmosphere fit gives T=31,500K and log g=4.4, typical of a
garden-variety main sequence B star. However, if it is a true LMC member then
the star is under-luminous by almost three magnitudes. Its position in the
cluster colour-magnitude diagram also rules out the possibility that this is an
ordinary B star. The luminosity is, however, consistent with a ~0.5 solar mass
post-AGB or post-EHB object, although if it has evolved via single star
evolution from a high mass (7.6-9.0 solar masses) progenitor then we might
expect it to have a much higher mass, $\sim0.9\Msun$. Alternatively, it has
evolved in a close binary. In this case the object offers no implications for
the maximum mass for white dwarf progenitors, or the initial-final mass
relation. Finally, we suggest that it could in fact be an evolved member of the
LMC disk, and merely projected by chance onto NGC1818. Spectroscopically,
though, we cannot distinguish between these evolutionary states without higher
resolution (echelle) data.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS pink page
Quantum critical behavior of itinerant ferromagnets

We investigate the quantum phase transition of itinerant ferromagnets. It is
shown that correlation effects in the underlying itinerant electron system lead
to singularities in the order parameter field theory that result in an
effective long-range interaction between the spin fluctuations. This
interaction turns out to be generically {\em antiferromagnetic} for clean
systems. In disordered systems analogous correlation effects lead to even
stronger singularities. The resulting long-range interaction is, however,
generically ferromagnetic.
  We discuss two possibilities for the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition.
In clean systems, the transition is generically of first order, as is
experimentally observed in MnSi. However, under certain conditions the
transition may be continuous with non-mean field critical behavior. In
disordered systems, one finds a very rich phase diagram showing first order and
continuous phase transitions and several multicritical points.Comment: 10 pp., LaTeX, 2 eps figs., requires annalen.cls (included), Invited
  contribution to Localisation 99, final version as publishe
A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced K+K- and K0K0 systems
  in pp interactions at 450 GeV/c and new information on the spin of the
  fJ(1710)

A partial wave analysis of the centrally produced K+K- and K0K0 channels has
been performed in pp collisions using an incident beam momentum of 450 GeV/c.
An unambiguous physical solution has been found in each channel. The striking
feature is the observation of peaks in the S-wave corresponding to the f0(1500)
and fJ(1710) with J = 0. The D-wave shows evidence for the f2(1270)/a2(1320),
the f2(1525) and the f2(2150) but there is no evidence for a statistically
significant contribution in the D-wave in the 1.7 GeV mass region.Comment: 15 pages, Latex, 5 Figure
The lower mass limit on the lightest supersymmetric particle, using
  ALEPH data up to 188.6GeV

The lightest srpersymmetric particle (LSP) is expected to be stable, massive
and neutral. Direct searches for supersymmetric particles in the context of the
minimal supersymmetric extension to the standard model have been performed with
the ALEPH detector. Using about 175pb-1 of data with centre-of-mass energies
near 189GeV a limit on the mass of the LSP of M_LSP>32.3GeV/c2 at 95%
confidence can be derived, assuming R-parity is conserved.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, submitted to TAUP99 Conferenc
Higgs-mediated muon-electron conversion process in supersymmetric seesaw
  model

We study the effect of the Higgs-exchange diagram for the lepton flavor
violating muon-electron conversion process in nuclei in the supersymmetric
seesaw model. The contribution is significant for a large value of tan beta and
a small value of a neutral heavy Higgs boson mass, in which case the ratio of
the branching ratios of B(mu N -> e N) / B(mu -> e gamma) is enhanced. We also
show that the target atom dependence of the conversion branching ratio provides
information on the size of the Higgs exchange diagram.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, a reference adde
Comment on form factor shape and extraction of |V_ub| from B --> pi l nu

We point out that current experimental data for partial B --> pi l nu
branching fractions reduce the theoretical input required for a precise
extraction of |V_ub| to the form factor normalization at a single value of the
pion energy. We show that the heavy-quark expansion provides a bound on the
form factor shape that is orders of magnitude more stringent than conventional
unitarity bounds. We find |V_ub| = (3.7 +/- 0.2 +/- 0.1) x [0.8/F_+(16 GeV^2)].
The first error is from the experimental branching fractions, and the second is
a conservative bound on the residual form factor shape uncertainty, both of
which will improve with additional data. Together with current and future
lattice determinations of the form factor normalization this result gives an
accurate, model independent determination of |V_ub|. We further extract
semileptonic shape observables such as |V_ub F_+(0)| = 0.92 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.03
and show how these observables can be used to test factorization and to
determine low-energy parameters in hadronic B decays.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures; journal version, results and conclusions
  unchange
WASP-103b: a new planet at the edge of tidal disruption

We report the discovery of WASP-103b, a new ultra-short-period planet (P=22.2
hr) transiting a 12.1 V-magnitude F8-type main-sequence star (1.22+-0.04 Msun,
1.44-0.03+0.05 Rsun, Teff = 6110+-160 K). WASP-103b is significantly more
massive (1.49+-0.09 Mjup) and larger (1.53-0.07+0.05 Rjup) than Jupiter. Its
large size and extreme irradiation (around 9 10^9 erg/s/cm^2) make it an
exquisite target for a thorough atmospheric characterization with existing
facilities. Furthermore, its orbital distance is less than 20% larger than its
Roche radius, meaning that it might be significantly distorted by tides and
might experience mass loss through Roche-lobe overflow. It thus represents a
new key object for understanding the last stage of the tidal evolution of hot
Jupiters.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication as Letter in Astronomy
  and Astrophysics on 09/01/201
Quantum spectral curve for arbitrary state/operator in AdS$_5$/CFT$_4$

We give a derivation of quantum spectral curve (QSC) - a finite set of
Riemann-Hilbert equations for exact spectrum of planar N=4 SYM theory proposed
in our recent paper Phys.Rev.Lett. 112 (2014). We also generalize this
construction to all local single trace operators of the theory, in contrast to
the TBA-like approaches worked out only for a limited class of states. We
reveal a rich algebraic and analytic structure of the QSC in terms of a so
called Q-system -- a finite set of Baxter-like Q-functions. This new point of
view on the finite size spectral problem is shown to be completely compatible,
though in a far from trivial way, with already known exact equations (analytic
Y-system/TBA, or FiNLIE). We use the knowledge of this underlying Q-system to
demonstrate how the classical finite gap solutions and the asymptotic Bethe
ansatz emerge from our formalism in appropriate limits.Comment: 96 pages, 15 figures; Some mathematica examples added in v2;
  Published version is v
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb
  collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 $ < p_{\rm{T}, assoc} < p_{\rm{T}, trig} <$ 5.0 GeV/$c$ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
$|\eta|<0.9$. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
Aligned Natural Inflation and Moduli Stabilization from Anomalous $U(1)$
  Gauge Symmetries

To obtain natural inflation with large tensor-to-scalar ratio in string
framework, we need a special moduli stabilization mechanism which can separate
the masses of real and imaginary components of K\"ahler moduli at different
scales, and achieve a trans-Planckian axion decay constant from sub-Planckian
axion decay constants. In this work, we stabilize the matter fields by F-terms
and the real components of K\"ahler moduli by D-terms of two anomalous
$U(1)_X\times U(1)_A$ symmetries strongly at high scales, while the
corresponding axions remain light due to their independence on the
Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term in moduli stabilization. The racetrack-type axion
superpotential is obtained from gaugino condensations of the hidden gauge
symmetries $SU(n)\times SU(m)$ with massive matter fields in the bi-fundamental
respresentations. The axion alignment via Kim-Nilles-Pelroso (KNP) mechanism
corresponds to an approximate $S_2$ exchange symmetry of two K\"ahler moduli in
our model, and a slightly $S_2$ symmetry breaking leads to the natural
inflation with super-Planckian decay constant.Comment: 17 pages, no figur
Large $N$ Solution of the 2D Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory

The Schwinger-Dyson equations of the Makeenko-Migdal type, when supplemented
with some simple equations as consequence of supersymmetry, form a closed set
of equations for Wilson loops and related quantities in the two dimensional
super-gauge theory. We solve these equations. It appears that the planar Wilson
loops are described by the Nambu string without folds. We also discuss how to
put the model on a spatial lattice, where a peculiar gauge is chosen in order
to keep one supersymmetry on the lattice. Supersymmetry is unbroken in this
theory. We comment on possible generalization of these considerations to other
models.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures included, harvma
Deep Inelastic Lepton Scattering in Nuclei at x > 1 and the Nucleon
  Spectral Function

The nuclear structure function F_2A(x) has been studied in the Bjorken limit
for (l, l') scattering on nuclei in the region of x > 1 and was found to be
very sensitive to the information contained in the nucleon spectral function in
nuclei, particularly the correlations between momenta and energies in the
region of large momenta. Calculations were done in a local density
approximation using two different spectral functions for nuclear matter.
Results are compared to those obtained for a spectral function which has been
evaluated directly for the finite nucleus, ^{16}O, under consideration. For
values of x around 1.5 and larger the quasiparticle contribution is negligible,
thus stressing the sensitivity of the present reaction to the dynamical
properties of nuclei beyond the shell model approach. Several approximations
which are usually employed in studies of the EMC effect have been analyzed and
their inaccuracy in this region is demonstrated. The results stress the fact
that the nuclear structure function contains important information on nuclear
dynamical correlations. Therefore further measurements of F_2A(x) in that
region and for many nuclei would be most welcome.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 11 PostScript figures, final version to appear in
  Nuclear Physics
The neural basis of theory of mind and its relationship to social functioning and social anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia☆

Theory of mind (ToM), the ability to attribute and reason about the mental states of others, is a strong determinant of social functioning among individuals with schizophrenia. Identifying the neural bases of ToM and their relationship to social functioning may elucidate functionally relevant neurobiological targets for intervention. ToM ability may additionally account for other social phenomena that affect social functioning, such as social anhedonia (SocAnh). Given recent research in schizophrenia demonstrating improved neural functioning in response to increased use of cognitive skills, it is possible that SocAnh, which decreases one's opportunity to engage in ToM, could compromise social functioning through its deleterious effect on ToM-related neural circuitry. Here, twenty individuals with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls underwent fMRI while performing the False-Belief Task. Aspects of social functioning were assessed using multiple methods including self-report (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Social Adjustment Scale), clinician-ratings (Global Functioning Social Scale), and performance-based tasks (MSCEIT—Managing Emotions). SocAnh was measured with the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale. Region-of-interest and whole-brain analyses revealed reduced recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) for ToM in individuals with schizophrenia. Across all participants, activity in this region correlated with most social variables. Mediation analysis revealed that neural activity for ToM in MPFC accounted for the relationship between SocAnh and social functioning. These findings demonstrate that reduced recruitment of MPFC for ToM is an important neurobiological determinant of social functioning. Furthermore, SocAhn may affect social functioning through its impact on ToM-related neural circuitry. Together, these findings suggest ToM ability as an important locus for intervention