pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Effects of dairy products consumption on health: benefits and beliefs: a commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Dairy products provide a package of essential nutrients that is difficult to obtain in low-dairy or dairy-free diets, and for many people it is not possible to achieve recommended daily calcium intakes with a dairy-free diet. Despite the established benefits for bone health, some people avoid dairy in their diet due to beliefs that dairy may be detrimental to health, especially in those with weight management issues, lactose intolerance, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trying to avoid cardiovascular disease. This review provides information for health professionals to enable them to help their patients make informed decisions about consuming dairy products as part of a balanced diet. There may be a weak association between dairy consumption and a possible small weight reduction, with decreases in fat mass and waist circumference and increases in lean body mass. Lactose intolerant individuals may not need to completely eliminate dairy products from their diet, as both yogurt and hard cheese are well tolerated. Among people with arthritis, there is no evidence for a benefit to avoid dairy consumption. Dairy products do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly if low fat. Intake of up to three servings of dairy products per day appears to be safe and may confer a favourable benefit with regard to bone health
Vers une mémoire quantique à ensemble de spins pour qubits supraconducteurs

This article reviews efforts to build a new type of quantum device, which combines an ensemble of electronic spins with long coherence times, and a small-scale superconducting quantum processor. The goal is to store over long times arbitrary qubit states in orthogonal collective modes of the spin-ensemble, and to retrieve them on-demand. We first present the protocol devised for such a multi-mode quantum memory. We then describe a series of experimental results using NV (as in nitrogen vacancy) center spins in diamond, which demonstrate its main building blocks: the transfer of arbitrary quantum states from a qubit into the spin ensemble, and the multi-mode retrieval of classical microwave pulses down to the single-photon level with a Hahn-echo like sequence. A reset of the spin memory is implemented in-between two successive sequences using optical repumping of the spins
The computational complexity of the parallel knock-out problem.

We consider computational complexity questions related to parallel knock-out schemes for graphs. In such schemes, in each round, each remaining vertex of a given graph eliminates exactly one of its neighbours. We show that the problem of whether, for a given bipartite graph, such a scheme can be found that eliminates every vertex is NP-complete. Moreover, we show that, for all fixed positive integers k≥2, the problem of whether a given bipartite graph admits a scheme in which all vertices are eliminated in at most (exactly) k rounds is NP-complete. For graphs with bounded tree-width, however, both of these problems are shown to be solvable in polynomial time. We also show that r-regular graphs with r≥1, factor-critical graphs and 1-tough graphs admit a scheme in which all vertices are eliminated in one round
Two-loop QCD corrections to massless identical quark scattering.

We present the two-loop virtual QCD corrections to the scattering of identical massless quarks,\ud
q ¯ q → q ¯q, in conventional dimensional regularisation and using the MS scheme. The structure\ud
of the infrared divergences agrees with that predicted by Catani while expressions for the finite\ud
remainder are given for the q ¯ q →q ¯ q and the qq →qq ( ¯q ¯q → ¯q ¯q) scattering processes in terms\ud
of polylogarithms. The results presented here form a vital part of the next-to-next-to-leading order\ud
contribution to inclusive jet production in hadron colliders and will play a crucial role in improving\ud
the theoretical prediction for jet cross sections in hadron–hadron collisions
Gluon fusion and $b\bar{b}$ corrections to $H W^+ W^- / H Z Z$
  production in the POWHEG-BOX

The study of the Higgs boson properties is one of the most important tasks to
be accomplished in the next years, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and at
future colliders such as the Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode
(FCC-hh), the potential 100 TeV follow-up of the LHC machine. In this view the
precise study of the Higgs couplings to weak gauge bosons is crucial and
requires as much information as possible. After the recent calculation of the
next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the production cross sections and
differential distributions of a Standard Model Higgs boson in association with
a pair of weak bosons, matched with parton shower in the POWHEG-BOX framework,
we present the gluon fusion correction $g g\to H W^+_{} W^-_{} ( H Z Z)$ to the
process $p p \to H W^+_{} W^-_{} (H Z Z)$. This correction can be sizeable and
amounts to $+3\,\%$ ($+10\,\%$) in the $H W^+_{} W^-_{}$ process and $+5\,\%$
($+18\,\%$) in the $H Z Z$ process at the LHC (FCC-hh). We also present the
first study of the impact of the bottom--quark initiated channels $b\bar{b}\to
H W^+_{} W^-_{} / H Z Z$ and find that they induce a significant $+18\,\%$
correction in the $H W^+_{} W^-_{}$ channel at the FCC-hh. We present results
on total cross sections and distributions at the LHC and at the FCC-hh.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. V2: substantial modification with the
  inclusion of bottom-quark contributions, identical to published versio
H.E.S.S. observations of RX J1713.7-3946 with improved angular and
  spectral resolution; evidence for gamma-ray emission extending beyond the
  X-ray emitting shell

Supernova remnants exhibit shock fronts (shells) that can accelerate charged
particles up to very high energies. In the past decade, measurements of a
handful of shell-type supernova remnants in very-high-energy gamma rays have
provided unique insights into the acceleration process. Among those objects,
RX$~$J1713.7-3946 (also known as G347.3-0.5) has the largest surface
brightness, allowing us in the past to perform the most comprehensive study of
morphology and spatially resolved spectra of any such very-high-energy
gamma-ray source. Here we present extensive new H.E.S.S. measurements of
RX$~$J1713.7-3946, almost doubling the observation time compared to our
previous publication. Combined with new improved analysis tools, the previous
sensitivity is more than doubled. The H.E.S.S. angular resolution of
$0.048^\circ$ ($0.036^\circ$ above 2 TeV) is unprecedented in gamma-ray
astronomy and probes physical scales of 0.8 (0.6) parsec at the remnant's
location.
  The new H.E.S.S. image of RX$~$J1713.7-3946 allows us to reveal clear
morphological differences between X-rays and gamma rays. In particular, for the
outer edge of the brightest shell region, we find the first ever indication for
particles in the process of leaving the acceleration shock region. By studying
the broadband energy spectrum, we furthermore extract properties of the parent
particle populations, providing new input to the discussion of the leptonic or
hadronic nature of the gamma-ray emission mechanism.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, v2 is final
  accepted versio
From scientific article to press release to media coverage: advocating alcohol abstinence and democratising risk in a story about alcohol and pregnancy

In this article, we follow the approach taken by Riesch and Spiegalhalter in "Careless pork costs lives": Risk stories from science to press release to media published in this journal, and offer an assessment of one example of a 'risk story'. Using content and thematic qualitative analysis, we consider how the findings of an article 'Fetal Alcohol Exposure and IQ at Age 8: Evidence from a Population-Based Birth-Cohort Study' were framed in the article itself, the associated press release, and the subsequent extensive media coverage. We contextualise this consideration of a risk story by discussing a body of work that critically engages with the development and global proliferation of efforts to advocate for alcohol abstinence to pregnant (and pre-pregnant) women. This work considers the 'democratisation' of risk, a term used to draw attention to the expansion of the definition of the problem of drinking in pregnancy to include any drinking and all women. We show here how this risk story contributed a new dimension to the democratisation of risk through claims that were made about uncertainty and certainty. A central argument we make concerns the contribution of the researchers themselves (not just lobby groups or journalists) to this outcome. We conclude that the democratisation of risk was advanced in this case not simply through journalists exaggerating and misrepresenting research findings, but that communication to the press and the initial interpretation of findings played their part. We suggest that this risk story raises concerns about the accuracy of reporting of research findings, and about the communication of unwarrantedly worrying messages to pregnant women about drinking alcohol
Does debt affect health? Cross country evidence on the debt-health nexus

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. We investigate the relationship between aggregate household debt and aggregate health outcomes across 17 European countries over the period 1995 to 2012. Using a dataset of country-level standardized and objective measures of household debt, health outcomes and a rich set of control variables, we estimate an instrumental variable (GMM) model to address possible reverse causality concerns. We find that aggregate household debt affects health outcomes, and that this varies by the maturity of debt. Both short and medium-term debt has a positive effect on health outcomes. Long-term unsecured debt and mortgage debt are associated with poorer health outcomes. These findings are robust after controlling for alternative measures of health and debt. Overall, the results suggest that aggregate household debt is an important determinant of aggregate health outcomes across countries
Comprehensive assessment of soil erosion risk for better land use planning in river basins : case study of the Upper Blue Nile River

In the drought-prone Upper Blue Nile River (UBNR) basin of Ethiopia, soil erosion by water results in significant consequences that also affect downstream countries. However, there have been limited comprehensive studies of this and other basins with diverse agroecologies. We analyzed the variability of gross soil loss and sediment yield rates under present and expected future conditions using a newly devised methodological framework. The results showed that the basin generates an average soil loss rate of 27.5 t ha(-1) yr(-1) and a gross soil loss of ca. 473 Mt yr(-1), of which, at least 10% comes from gully erosion and 26.7% leaves Ethiopia. In a factor analysis, variation in agroecology (average factor score = 1.32) and slope (1.28) were the two factors most responsible for this high spatial variability. About 39% of the basin area is experiencing severe to very severe (>30 t ha(-1) yr(-1)) soil erosion risk, which is strongly linked to population density. Severe or very severe soil erosion affects the largest proportion of land in three subbasins of the UBNR basin: Blue Nile 4 (53.9%), Blue Nile 3 (45.1%), and Jema Shet (42.5%). If appropriate soil and water conservation practices targeted ca. 77.3% of the area with moderate to severe erosion (>15 t ha(-1) yr(-1)), the total soil loss from the basin could be reduced by ca. 52%. Our methodological framework identified the potential risk for soil erosion in large-scale zones, and with a more sophisticated model and input data of higher spatial and temporal resolution, results could be specified locally within these risk zones. Accurate assessment of soil erosion in the UBNR basin would support sustainable use of the basin's land resources and possibly open up prospects for cooperation in the Eastern Nile region
The problem of sharp notch in couple-stress elasticity.

The problem of sharp notch in couple-stress elasticity is considered in this paper. The problem involves a sharp notch in a body of infinite extent. The body has microstructural properties, which are assumed to be characterized by couple-stress effects. Both symmetric and anti-symmetric loadings at remote regions are considered under plane-strain conditions. The faces of the notch are considered traction free. To determine the field around the tip of the notch, a boundary-layer approach is followed by considering an expansion of the displacements in a form of separated variables in a polar coordinate system. Our analysis is in the spirit of the Knein-Williams and Karp-Karal asymptotic techniques but it is much more involved than its corresponding analysis of standard elasticity due to the complicated boundary value problem (higher-order system of governing PDEs and additional boundary conditions as compared to the standard theory). Eventually, an eigenvalue problem is formulated and this, along with the restriction of a bounded potential energy, provides the asymptotic fields. The cases of a crack and a half-space are analyzed as limit cases of the general notch problem. Certain deviations from the standard classical elasticity results are noted
PROX1 Promotes Metabolic Adaptation and Fuels Outgrowth of Wnt(high) Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells.

The Wnt pathway is abnormally activated in the majority of colorectal cancers, and significant knowledge has been gained in understanding its role in tumor initiation. However, the mechanisms of metastatic outgrowth in colorectal cancer remain a major challenge. We report that autophagy-dependent metabolic adaptation and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer cells is regulated by the target of oncogenic Wnt signaling, homeobox transcription factor PROX1, expressed by a subpopulation of colon cancer progenitor/stem cells. We identify direct PROX1 target genes and show that repression of a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL2 family, BCL2L15, is important for survival of PROX1(+) cells under metabolic stress. PROX1 inactivation after the establishment of metastases prevented further growth of lesions. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition efficiently targeted metastatic PROX1(+) cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach. These data identify PROX1 as a key regulator of the transcriptional network contributing to metastases outgrowth in colorectal cancer
The role of focal therapy in the management of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: The incidence of localised prostate cancer is increasing worldwide. In light of recent evidence, current, radical, whole-gland treatments for organ-confined disease have being questioned with respect to their side effects, cancer control, and cost. Focal therapy may be an effective alternative strategy.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the existing literature on baseline characteristics of the target population; preoperative evaluation to localise disease; and perioperative, functional, and disease control outcomes following focal therapy.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline (through PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Review databases were searched from inception to 31 October 2012. In addition, registered but not yet published trials were retrieved. Studies evaluating tissue-preserving therapies in men with biopsy-proven prostate cancer in the primary or salvage setting were included.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 2350 cases were treated to date across 30 studies. Most studies were retrospective with variable standards of reporting, although there was an increasing number of prospective registered trials. Focal therapy was mainly delivered to men with low and intermediate disease, although some high-risk cases were treated that had known, unilateral, significant cancer. In most of the cases, biopsy findings were correlated to specific preoperative imaging, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging or Doppler ultrasound to determine eligibility. Follow-up varied between 0 and 11.1 yr. In treatment-naïve prostates, pad-free continence ranged from 95% to 100%, erectile function ranged from 54% to 100%, and absence of clinically significant cancer ranged from 83% to 100%. In focal salvage cases for radiotherapy failure, the same outcomes were achieved in 87.2-100%, 29-40%, and 92% of cases, respectively. Biochemical disease-free survival was reported using a number of definitions that were not validated in the focal-therapy setting.
CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review highlights that, when focal therapy is delivered with intention to treat, the perioperative, functional, and disease control outcomes are encouraging within a short- to medium-term follow-up. Focal therapy is a strategy by which the overtreatment burden of the current prostate cancer pathway could be reduced, but robust comparative effectiveness studies are now required
Organic geochemistry of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England

A comprehensive organic geochemical investigation of the Hawsker Bottoms outcrop section in Yorkshire, England has provided new insights about environmental conditions leading into and during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE; ~183 Ma). Rock-Eval and molecular analyses demonstrate that the section is uniformly within the early oil window. Hydrogen index (HI), organic petrography, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) distributions, and tricyclic terpane ratios mark a shift to a lower relative abundance of terrigenous organic matter supplied to the sampling locality during the onset of the T-OAE and across a lithological transition. Unlike other ancient intervals of anoxia and extinction, biomarker indices of planktonic community structure do not display major changes or anomalous values. Depositional environment and redox indicators support a shift towards more reducing conditions in the sediment porewaters and the development of a seasonally stratified water column during the T-OAE. In addition to carotenoid biomarkers for green sulfur bacteria (GSB), we report the first occurrence of okenane, a marker of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB), in marine samples younger than ~1.64 Ga. Based on modern observations, a planktonic source of okenane's precursor, okenone, would require extremely shallow photic zone euxinia (PZE) and a highly restricted depositional environment. However, due to coastal vertical mixing, the lack of planktonic okenone production in modern marine sulfidic environments, and building evidence of okenone production in mat-dwelling Chromatiaceae, we propose a sedimentary source of okenone as an alternative. Lastly, we report the first parallel compound-specific δ[superscript 13]C record in marine- and terrestrial-derived biomarkers across the T-OAE. The δ[superscript 13]C records of short-chain n-alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and long-chain n  -alkanes all encode negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs), and together, they support an injection of isotopically light carbon that impacted both the atmospheric and marine carbon reservoirs. To date, molecular δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE display a negative CIE that is smaller in magnitude compared to the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C excursion. Although multiple mechanisms could explain this observation, our molecular, petrographic, and Rock-Eval data suggest that variable mixing of terrigenous and marine organic matter is an important factor affecting the bulk organic δ[superscript 13]C records of the T-OAE.NASA Astrobiology InstituteExobiology Program (U.S.)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Graduate Research Fellowshi
THE MEGASECOND CHANDRA X-RAY VISIONARY PROJECT OBSERVATION OF NGC 3115. III. LUMINOSITY FUNCTIONS OF LMXBS AND DEPENDENCE ON STELLAR ENVIRONMENTS

We studied the X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in the nearby lenticular galaxy NGC 3115, using the Megasecond Chandra X-ray Visionary Project Observation. With a total exposure time of ~1.1 Ms, we constructed the XLF down to a limiting luminosity of ~10[superscript 36] erg s[superscript −1], which is much deeper than that typically reached for other early-type galaxies. We found significant flattening of the overall LMXB XLF from dN/dL ∝ L[superscript −2.2±0.4] above 5.5 × 10[superscript 37] erg s[superscript −1] to dN/dL ∝ L[superscript −1.0±0.1] below it, although we could not rule out a fit with a higher break at ~1.6 × 10[superscript 38] erg s[superscript −1]. We also found evidence that the XLF of LMXBs in globular clusters (GCs) is overall flatter than that of field LMXBs. Thus, our results for this galaxy do not support the idea that all LMXBs are formed in GCs. The XLF of field LMXBs seems to show spatial variation, with the XLF in the inner region of the galaxy being flatter than that in the outer region, probably due to contamination of LMXBs from undetected and/or disrupted GCs in the inner region. The XLF in the outer region is probably the XLF of primordial field LMXBs, exhibiting dN/dL ∝ L[superscript −1.2±0.1] up to a break close to the Eddington limit of neutron star LMXBs (~1.7 × 10[superscript 38] erg s[superscript −1]). The break of the GC LMXB XLF is lower, at ~1.1 × 10[superscript 37] erg s[superscript −1]. We also confirm previous findings that the metal-rich/red GCs are more likely to host LMXBs than the metal-poor/blue GCs, which is more significant for more luminous LMXBs, and that more massive GCs are more likely to host LMXBs
Reliable capacity planning despite uncertain disassembly, regeneration and reassembly workloads by using statistical and mathematical approaches - Validation in subsidiaries of a global MRO company with operations in Asia, Europe and North America

The MRO industry faces substantial challenges with regard to the capacity planning of disassembly and reassembly work. This is due to the unknown workloads when regenerating complex investment goods and is caused, in particular, by the uncertain degree of disassembly and the complex challenges of reassembly. Forecasting techniques based on Bayesian networks are developed along with mathematical models which optimize capacity utilization, job order and the resulting costs. The approaches are tested and validated in conjunction with an MRO company with global operations. The results show possibilities for enhancing the planning processes and are found to be transferable on an international scale regardless of sociocultural and process differences.DFG/CRC/87
The impact of parenthood on physical aggression : evidence from criminal data

Evolutionary approaches to sex differences in physical aggression weigh the potential benefits of aggression against the likely costs to inclusive fitness, with some authors focusing on the damage physical injury would do to female inclusive fitness, and others on the extent to which success in physical competition may particularly enhance male fitness. This study tested a hypothesis derived from these approaches: that parents would be less physically aggressive than non-parents because of the damage any physical injury would do to their inclusive fitness. Analysis was carried out using the United States federal sentencing records for 1994–1999 (22,344 individuals). The proportion of theft convictions which were violent (robbery; vs. larceny) was significantly greater for men than women (odds ratio 7.7). As predicted, non-parents were significantly more likely to be violent than parents (odds ratio 1.6). Parenthood had a similar effect on relative rates of violence in men and women, although the baseline was considerably higher for men. There was also a significant effect in men of marital status, which interacted with parental status such that parenthood was only associated with a reduction in rates of violence in males recorded as partnered. The results are interpreted in terms of both evolutionary theory and recent work on the hormonal impacts of marriage and parenthood.PostprintPeer reviewe