pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Polyandry is context dependent but not convenient in a mostly monandrous wasp

Research over the past two decades suggests that polyandry is almost ubiquitous in nature. In some cases, females can gain direct and indirect (genetic) fitness benefits from mating with multiple males. However, when females accept superfluous matings without gaining any clear benefit, polyandry has been interpreted as a strategy to mitigate the costs of resisting or avoiding matings, a situation known as convenience polyandry. When females mate out of ‘convenience’ the mating rate is expected to be plastic, since females should mate at a higher rate when the costs of resistance or avoidance are high, for instance when males occur in high densities and/or around resources required by females such as oviposition sites. Here we show that remating in Nasonia vitripennis, a species of wasp that is largely monandrous in the wild but that evolves polyandry under laboratory culture, is dependent upon the availability of hosts for oviposition and upon male density. We found that females mated at a higher rate when male density was high but only if a suitable oviposition substrate was available. Outwardly this seems suggestive of convenience polyandry. However, females that remated under these conditions did not gain more time to oviposit than females that resisted superfluous matings. The results of this study highlight the importance of comprehensively assessing the costs and benefits of mating before attributing the observed behaviour to convenience polyandry. Furthermore, these results add to the growing body of evidence that the ecological context under which sexual interactions occur is critical to the economics of mating
Quark–hadron duality constraints on γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering

AbstractWe examine the interference γZ box corrections to parity-violating elastic electron–proton scattering in the light of the recent observation of quark–hadron duality in parity-violating deep-inelastic scattering from the deuteron, and the approximate isospin independence of duality in the electromagnetic nucleon structure functions down to Q2≈1 GeV2. Assuming that a similar behavior also holds for the γZ proton structure functions, we find that duality constrains the γZ box correction to the proton's weak charge to be ℜe□γZV=(5.4±0.4)×10−3 at the kinematics of the Qweak experiment. Within the same model we also provide estimates of the γZ corrections for future parity-violating experiments, such as MOLLER at Jefferson Lab and MESA at Mainz
Terrestrial and submarine evidence for the extent and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum and the onset of deglaciation on the maritime-Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands

AbstractThis paper is the maritime and sub–Antarctic contribution to the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SCAR) Past Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics (PAIS) community Antarctic Ice Sheet reconstruction. The overarching aim for all sectors of Antarctica was to reconstruct the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice sheet extent and thickness, and map the subsequent deglaciation in a series of 5000 year time slices. However, our review of the literature found surprisingly few high quality chronological constraints on changing glacier extents on these timescales in the maritime and sub–Antarctic sector. Therefore, in this paper we focus on an assessment of the terrestrial and offshore evidence for the LGM ice extent, establishing minimum ages for the onset of deglaciation, and separating evidence of deglaciation from LGM limits from those associated with later Holocene glacier fluctuations. Evidence included geomorphological descriptions of glacial landscapes, radiocarbon dated basal peat and lake sediment deposits, cosmogenic isotope ages of glacial features and molecular biological data. We propose a classification of the glacial history of the maritime and sub–Antarctic islands based on this assembled evidence. These include: (Type I) islands which accumulated little or no LGM ice; (Type II) islands with a limited LGM ice extent but evidence of extensive earlier continental shelf glaciations; (Type III) seamounts and volcanoes unlikely to have accumulated significant LGM ice cover; (Type IV) islands on shallow shelves with both terrestrial and submarine evidence of LGM (and/or earlier) ice expansion; (Type V) Islands north of the Antarctic Polar Front with terrestrial evidence of LGM ice expansion; and (Type VI) islands with no data. Finally, we review the climatological and geomorphological settings that separate the glaciological history of the islands within this classification scheme
Cosmogenic exposure age constraints on deglaciation and flow behaviour of a marine-based ice stream in western Scotland, 21–16 ka

This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council consortium grant; BRITICE-CHRONO (NE/J009768/1). Analysis was supported by the NERC Cosmogenic Isotope Analysis Facility allocations 9139.1013 and 9155.1014.Understanding how marine-based ice streams operated during episodes of deglaciation requires geochronological data that constrain both timing of deglaciation and changes in their flow behaviour, such as that from unconstrained ice streaming to topographically restricted flow. We present seventeen new 10Be exposure ages from glacial boulders and bedrock at sites in western Scotland within the area drained by the Hebrides Ice Stream, a marine-based ice stream that drained a large proportion of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet. Exposure ages from Tiree constrain deglaciation of a topographic high within the central zone of the ice stream, from which convergent flowsets were produced during ice streaming. These ages thus constrain thinning of the Hebrides Ice Stream, which, on the basis of supporting information, we infer to represent cessation of ice streaming at 20.6 ± 1.2 ka, 3–4 ka earlier than previously inferred. A period of more topographically restricted flow produced flow indicators superimposed on those relating to full ice stream conditions, and exposure ages from up-stream of these constrain deglaciation to 17.5 ± 1.0 ka. Complete deglaciation of the marine sector of the Hebrides Ice Stream occurred by 17–16 ka at which time the ice margin was located near the present coastline. Exposure ages from the southernmost Outer Hebrides (Mingulay and Barra) indicate deglaciation at 18.9 ± 1.0 and 17.1 ± 1.0 ka respectively, demonstrating that an independent ice cap persisted on the southern Outer Hebrides for 3–4 ka after initial ice stream deglaciation. This suggests that deglaciation of the Hebrides Ice Stream was focused along major submarine troughs. Collectively, our data constrain initial deglaciation and changes in flow regime of the Hebrides Ice Stream, final deglaciation of its marine sector, and deglaciation of the southern portion of the independent Outer Hebrides Ice Cap, providing chronological constraints on future numerical reconstructions of this key sector of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Trial by Dutch laboratories for evaluation of non-invasive prenatal testing. Part I-clinical impact

Contains fulltext :
                  171862.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical impact of nationwide implementation of genome-wide non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in pregnancies at increased risk for fetal trisomies 21, 18 and 13 (TRIDENT study). METHOD: Women with elevated risk based on first trimester combined testing (FCT >/= 1:200) or medical history, not advanced maternal age alone, were offered NIPT as contingent screening test, performed by Dutch University Medical laboratories. We analyzed uptake, test performance, redraw/failure rate, turn-around time and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: Between 1 April and 1 September 2014, 1413/23 232 (6%) women received a high-risk FCT result. Of these, 1211 (85.7%) chose NIPT. One hundred seventy-nine women had NIPT based on medical history. In total, 1386/1390 (99.7%) women received a result, 6 (0.4%) after redraw. Mean turn-around time was 14 days. Follow-up was available in 1376 (99.0%) pregnancies. NIPT correctly predicted 37/38 (97.4%) trisomies 21, 18 or 13 (29/30, 4/4 and 4/4 respectively); 5/1376 (0.4%) cases proved to be false positives: trisomies 21 (n = 2), 18 (n = 1) and 13 (n = 2). Estimated reduction in invasive testing was 62%. CONCLUSION: Introduction of NIPT in the Dutch National healthcare-funded Prenatal Screening Program resulted in high uptake and a vast reduction of invasive testing. Our study supports offering NIPT to pregnant women at increased risk for fetal trisomy. (c) 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (c) 2016 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Neutral meson production in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at LHC

The ALICE detector at the LHC studies $\pi^0$ and $\eta$ meson production by
two complementary methods, using electromagnetic calorimeters and the central
tracking system for converted photons. Production spectra of $\pi^0$ and $\eta$
mesons were measured with ALICE in pp collisions at LHC energies at
mid-rapidity in a wide transverse momentum range. The spectrum and the nuclear
modification factor $R_{AA}$ of $\pi^0$ measured in Pb-Pb collisions at
different centralities, show a clear pattern of strong suppression in a hot QCD
medium with respect to pp collisions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Crystal structures of asymmetric ClpX hexamers reveal nucleotide-dependent motions in a AAA+ protein-unfolding machine

ClpX is a AAA+ machine that uses the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to unfold native proteins and translocate unfolded polypeptides into the ClpP peptidase. The crystal structures presented here reveal striking asymmetry in ring hexamers of nucleotide-free and nucleotide-bound ClpX. Asymmetry arises from large changes in rotation between the large and small AAA+ domains of individual subunits. These differences prevent nucleotide binding to two subunits, generate a staggered arrangement of ClpX subunits and pore loops around the hexameric ring, and provide a mechanism for coupling conformational changes caused by ATP binding or hydrolysis in one subunit to flexing motions of the entire ring. Our structures explain numerous solution studies of ClpX function, predict mechanisms for pore elasticity during translocation of irregular polypeptides, and suggest how repetitive conformational changes might be coupled to mechanical work during the ATPase cycle of ClpX and related molecular machines.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant number AI-15706
Jet production rates in association with W and Z bosons in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements of jet production rates in association with W and Z bosons for jet transverse momenta above 30 GeV are reported, using a sample of proton-proton collision events recorded by CMS at √s = 7TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb -1. The study includes the measurement of the normalized inclusive rates of jets σ(V+ ≥ n jets)=σ(V), where V represents either a W or a Z. In addition, the ratio of W to Z cross sections and the W charge asymmetry as a function of the number of associated jets are measured. A test of scaling at √s = 7TeV is also presented. The measurements provide a stringent test of perturbative-QCD calculations and are sensitive to the possible presence of new physics. The results are in agreement with the predictions of a simulation that uses explicit matrix element calculations for final states with jets. © 2012 SISSA.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons decaying to two bottom quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV

A model-independent search for a narrow resonance produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8 TeV and decaying to a pair of 125 GeV Higgs bosons that in turn each decays into a bottom quark-antiquark pair is performed by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 17.9 fb-1. No evidence for a signal is observed. Upper limits at a 95% confidence level on the production cross section for such a resonance, in the mass range from 270 to 1100 GeV, are reported. Using these results, a radion with decay constant of 1 TeV and mass from 300 to 1100 GeV, and a Kaluza-Klein graviton with mass from 380 to 830 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level. © 2015 The Authors.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Measurement of differential and integrated fiducial cross sections for Higgs boson production in the four-lepton decay channel in pp collisions at √s = 7 and 8 TeV

Integrated fiducial cross sections for the production of four leptons via the H → 4ℓ decays (ℓ = e, μ) are measured in pp collisions at (Formula presented.) and 8TeV. Measurements are performed with data corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 fb−1 at 7TeV, and 19.7 fb−1 at 8 TeV, collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. Differential cross sections are measured using the 8 TeV data, and are determined as functions of the transverse momentum and rapidity of the four-lepton system, accompanying jet multiplicity, transverse momentum of the leading jet, and difference in rapidity between the Higgs boson candidate and the leading jet. A measurement of the Z → 4ℓ cross section, and its ratio to the H → 4ℓ cross section is also performed. All cross sections are measured within a fiducial phase space defined by the requirements on lepton kinematics and event topology. The integrated H → 4ℓ fiducial cross section is measured to be 0. 56− 0.44 + 0.67(stat)− 0.06 + 0.21(syst) fb at 7 TeV, and 1. 11− 0.35 + 0.41(stat)− 0.10 + 0.14(syst) fb at 8 TeV. The measurements are found to be compatible with theoretical calculations based on the standard model.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Novel syntactic foams made of ceramic hollow micro-spheres and starch: theory, structure and properties

Novel syntactic foams for potential building material applications were developed using starch as binder\ud
and ceramic hollow micro-spheres available as waste from\ud
coal-fire power stations. Foams of four different microsphere size groups were manufactured with either pre- or post-mould gelatinization process. They were of ternary\ud
system including voids with a foam density range of\ud
approximately 0.33–0.44 g/cc. Compressive failure\ud
behaviour and mechanical properties of the manufactured\ud
foams were evaluated. Not much difference in failure\ud
behaviour or in mechanical properties between the two\ud
different processes (pre- and post-mould gels) was found\ud
for a given binder content. Compressive failure of all\ud
syntactic foams was of shear on plane inclined 45 to\ud
compressive loading direction. Failure surfaces of most\ud
syntactic foams were characterized by debonded microspheres.\ud
Compressive strength and modulus of syntactic foams were found to be dependant mainly on binder content\ud
but mostly independent of micro-sphere size. Some\ud
conditions of relativity arising from properties of constituents leading to the rule of mixtures relationships for compressive strength and to understanding of compressive/transitional failure behaviour were developed. The developed relationships based on the rule of mixtures were partially verified. Some formation of starch webs on failure surfaces was discussed
The NNLO gluon fusion Higgs production cross-section with many heavy quark

We consider extensions of the Standard Model with a number of additional heavy quarks which couple to the Higgs boson via top-like Yukawa interactions. We construct an effective theory valid for a Higgs boson mass which is lighter than twice the lightest heavy quark mass and compute the corresponding Wilson coefficient through NNLO. We present numerical results for the gluon fusion cross-section at the Tevatron for an extension of the Standard Model with a fourth generation of heavy quarks. The gluon fusion cross-section at NLO and in the approximation of infinitely heavy quarks is enhanced by a factor of 9 with respect to the Standard Model value. Tevatron experimental data can place stringent exclusion limits for the Higgs mass in this model. We find that the relative magnitude of the higher order QCD corrections with respect to the LO is similar to the Standard Model. Our result serves to carry out an exclusion analysis for a four-generation Standard Model with the same accuracy as in the Standard Model analysis
Planck intermediate results XVII. Emission of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium from the far-infrared to microwave frequencies

The dust-Hi correlation is used to characterize the emission properties of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) from far infrared wavelengths to microwave frequencies. The field of this investigation encompasses the part of the southern sky best suited to study the cosmic infrared and microwave backgrounds. We cross-correlate sky maps from Planck, the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), and the diffuse infrared background experiment (DIRBE), at 17 frequencies from 23 to 3000 GHz, with the Parkes survey of the 21 cm line emission of neutral atomic hydrogen, over a contiguous area of 7500 deg2 centred on the southern Galactic pole. We present a general methodology to study the dust-H i correlation over the sky, including simulations to quantify uncertainties. Our analysis yields four specific results. (1) We map the temperature, submillimetre emissivity, and opacity of the dust per H-atom. The dust temperature is observed to be anti-correlated with the dust emissivity and opacity. We interpret this result as evidence of dust evolution within the diffuse ISM. The mean dust opacity is measured to be (7.1 ± 0.6) × 10-27 cm2 H-1 × (v/353 GHz) 1.53 ± 0.03for 100 ≤ v ≤ 353 GHz. This is a reference value to estimate hydrogen column densities from dust emission at submillimetre and millimetre wavelengths. (2) We map the spectral index βmm of dust emission at millimetre wavelengths (defined here as v ≤ 353GHz), and find it to be remarkably constant at βmm = 1.51 ± 0.13. We compare it with the far infrared spectral index βFIR derived from greybody fits at higher frequencies, and find a systematic difference, βmm -βFIR = -0.15, which suggests that the dust spectral energy distribution (SED) flattens at v ≤ 353 GHz. (3) We present spectral fits of the microwave emission correlated with Hi from 23 to 353 GHz, which separate dust and anomalous microwave emission (AME). We show that the flattening of the dust SED can be accounted for with an additional component with a blackbody spectrum. This additional component, which accounts for (26 ± 6)% of the dust emission at 100GHz, could represent magnetic dipole emission. Alternatively, it could account for an increasing contribution of carbon dust, or a flattening of the emissivity of amorphous silicates, at millimetre wavelengths. These interpretations make different predictions for the dust polarization SED. (4) We analyse the residuals of the dust-Hi correlation. We identify a Galactic contribution to these residuals, which we model with variations of the dust emissivity on angular scales smaller than that of our correlation analysis. This model of the residuals is used to quantify uncertainties of the CIB power spectrum in a companion Planck paper.© ESO 2014
Effective suppression of parametric instabilities with decoupled broadband lasers in plasma

A theoretical analysis for the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) instability driven by two laser beams with certain frequency difference is presented. It is found that strong coupling and enhanced SRS take place only when the unstable regions for each beam are overlapped in the wavenumber space. Hence a threshold of the beam frequency difference for their decoupling is found as a function of their intensity and plasma density. Based upon this, a strategy to suppress the SRS instability with decoupled broadband lasers (DBLs) is proposed. A DBL can be composed of tens or even hundreds of beamlets, where the beamlets are distributed uniformly in a broad spectrum range such as over 10% of the central frequency. Decoupling among the beamlets is found due to the limited beamlet energy and suitable frequency difference between neighboring beamlets. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that SRS can be almost completely suppressed with DBLs under the laser intensity ∼ 1015 W/cm2. Moreover, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) will be suppressed simultaneously with DBLs can be attractive for driving inertial confined fusion
L-deprenyl attenuates the rotenone-induced\ud
dopaminergic neurotoxicity: experimental evidences in\ud
rats

Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive neurological disorder because of\ud
massive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The pathogenesis\ud
of PD is unknown, but considerable evidence suggests multifactorial\ud
factors including genetic, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress,\ud
excitotoxicity, calcium cytotoxicity, environmental factors and apoptosis.\ud
We investigated the role of oxidative damage produced by intranigral\ud
infusion of a potent mitochondrial complex-I inhibitor, rotenone and studied\ud
the neuroprotective effects with a well-known antiparkinsonian drug\ud
L-deprenyl in rats. Unilateral stereotaxic intranigral infusion of rotenone\ud
6 lg caused significant decrease in dopamine levels. L-deprenyl (10 mg/kg)\ud
treatment significantly attenuated the DA depletion caused by rotenone.\ud
Parallely, a significant decrease in the concentration of GSH was also\ud
observed in the SN was reverted by L-deprenyl treatment. L-deprenyl\ud
significantly attenuated the rotenone-induced decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase\ud
immunoreactivity in striatum. The results suggest that L-deprenyl can\ud
rescue the dopaminergic neurons from the rotenone mediated neurodegeneration\ud
in this experimental animal model
Proteomics of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Reveals Subset-Specific Surface Markers and Differential Inflammasome Function

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. In human blood, three distinct subsets exist: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and BDCA3+ and CD1c+ myeloid DCs. In addition, a DC-like CD16+ monocyte has been reported. Although RNA-expression profiles have been previously compared, protein expression data may provide a different picture. Here, we exploited label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to compare and identify differences in primary human DC subset proteins. Moreover, we integrated these proteomic data with existing mRNA data to derive robust cell-specific expression signatures with more than 400 differentially expressed proteins between subsets, forming a solid basis for investigation of subset-specific functions. We illustrated this by extracting subset identification markers and by demonstrating that pDCs lack caspase-1 and only express low levels of other inflammasome-related proteins. In accordance, pDCs were incapable of interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in response to ATP
Defects and quantum Seiberg-Witten geometry.

We study the Nekrasov partition function of the five dimensional U(N) gauge theory with maximal supersymmetry on ℝ4 × S 1 in the presence of codimension two defects. The codimension two defects can be described either as monodromy defects, or by coupling to a certain class of three dimensional quiver gauge theories on ℝ2 × S 1. We explain how these computations are connected with both classical and quantum integrable systems. We check, as an expansion in the instanton number, that the aforementioned partition functions are eigenfunctions of an elliptic integrable many-body system, which quantizes the Seiberg-Witten geometry of the five-dimensional gauge theory