pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Duality of N=2 Heterotic -- Type I Compactifications in Four Dimensions

We discuss type I -- heterotic duality in four-dimensional models obtained as
a Coulomb phase of the six-dimensional U(16) orientifold model compactified on
T^2 with arbitrary SU(16) Wilson lines. We show that Kahler potentials, gauge
threshold corrections and the infinite tower of higher derivative F-terms agree
in the limit that corresponds to weak coupling, large T^2 heterotic
compactifications. On the type I side, all these quantities are completely
determined by the spectrum of N=2 BPS states that originate from D=6 massless
superstring modes.Comment: 22 pages, LaTeX; typos corrected and references adde
Lax pair and super-Yangian symmetry of the non-linear
  super-Schr\"odinger equation

We consider a version of the non-linear Schr\"odinger equation with M bosons
and N fermions. We first solve the classical and quantum versions of this
equation, using a super-Zamolodchikov-Faddeev (ZF) algebra. Then we prove that
the hierarchy associated to this model admits a super-Yangian Y(gl(M|N))
symmetry. We exhibit the corresponding (classical and quantum) Lax pairs.
Finally, we construct explicitly the super-Yangian generators, in terms of the
canonical fields on the one hand, and in terms of the ZF algebra generators on
the other hand. The latter construction uses the well-bred operators introduced
recently.Comment: 32 pages, no figur
Discrete skew selfadjoint canonical systems and the isotropic Heisenberg
  magnet model

A discrete analog of a skew selfadjoint canonical (Zakharov-Shabat or AKNS)
system with a pseudo-exponential potential is introduced. For the corresponding
Weyl function the direct and inverse problem are solved explicitly in terms of
three parameter matrices. As an application explicit solutions are obtained for
the discrete integrable nonlinear equation corresponding to the isotropic
Heisenberg magnet model. State space techniques from mathematical system theory
play an important role in the proofs
Non-localities and Fermi motion corrections in $K^-$ atoms

We evaluate the p-wave $K^-N$ amplitudes from the chiral Lagrangians and from
there construct the p-wave part of the $K^-$ nucleus optical potential plus a
small s-wave part induced from the elementary p-wave amplitude and the nuclear
Fermi motion. Simultaneously, the momentum and energy dependence of the s-wave
optical potential, previously developed, are taken into account and shown to
generate a small p-wave correction to the optical potential. All the
corrections considered are small compared to the leading s-wave potential, and
lead to changes in the shifts and widths which are smaller than the
experimental errors.
  A thorough study of the threshold region and low densities is conducted,
revealing mathematical problems for which a physical solution is given.Comment: revised version, 28 pages, Latex, 8 postscript figures. Submitted to
  Nucl. Phys.
Temperature Dependent Conformational Transitions and Hydrogen Bond
  Dynamics of the Elastin-Like Octapeptide GVG(VPGVG): a Molecular Dynamics
  Study

A joint experimental / theoretical investigation of the elastin-like
octapeptide GVG(VPGVG) was carried out. In this paper a comprehensive molecular
dynamics study of the temperature dependent folding and unfolding of the
octapeptide is presented. The current study, as well as its experimental
counterpart find that this peptide undergoes an "inverse temperature
transition", ITT, leading to a folding at about 310-330 K. In addition, an
unfolding transition is identified at unusually high temperatures approaching
the boiling point of water. Due to the small size of the system two broad
temperature regimes are found: the "ITT regime" (at about 280-320 K) and the
"unfolding regime" at about T > 330 K, where the peptide has a maximum
probability of being folded at approximately 330 K. A detailed molecular
picture involving a thermodynamic order parameter, or reaction coordinate, for
this process is presented along with a time-correlation function analysis of
the hydrogen bond dynamics within the peptide as well as between the peptide
and solvating water molecules. Correlation with experimental evidence and
ramifications on the properties of elastin are discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 1 table, 8 figure
Magnetic Properties of Scalar Particles --The Scalar Aharonov-Casher
  Effect and Supersymmetry

The original topological Aharonov-Casher (AC) effect is due to the
interaction of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment (MDM) with certain
configurations of electric field. Naively one would not expect an AC effect for
a scalar particle for which no anomalous MDM can be defined in the usual sense.
In this letter we study the AC effect in supersymmetric systems. In this
framework there is the possibility of deducing the AC effect of a scalar
particle from the corresponding effect for a spinor particle. In 3+1 dimensions
such a connection is not possible because the anomalous MDM is zero if
supersymmetry is an exact symmetry. However, in 2+1 dimensions it is possible
to have an anomalous MDM even with exact supersymmetry.
  Having demonstrated the relationship between the spinor and the scalar MDM,
we proceed to show that the scalar AC effect is uniquely defined. We then
compute the anomalous MDM at the one loop level, showing how the scalar form
arises in 2+1 dimensions from the coupling of the scalar to spinors. This model
shows how an AC effect for a scalar can be generated for non-supersymmetric
theories, and we construct such a model to illustrate the mechanism.Comment: RevTex 13 pages including one Figure. New Discussions adde
Transiting the Sun: The impact of stellar activity on X-ray and
  ultraviolet transits

Transits of hot Jupiters in X-rays and the ultraviolet have been shown to be
both deeper and more variable than the corresponding optical transits. This
variability has been attributed to hot Jupiters having extended atmospheres at
these wavelengths. Using resolved images of the Sun from NASA's Solar Dynamics
Observatory spanning 3.5 years of Solar Cycle 24 we simulate transit light
curves of a hot Jupiter to investigate the impact of Solar like activity on our
ability to reliably recover properties of the planet's atmosphere in soft
X-rays (94 {\AA}), the UV (131-1700 {\AA}), and the optical (4500 {\AA}). We
find that for stars with similar activity levels to the Sun, the impact of
stellar activity results in the derived radius of the planet in soft X-ray/EUV
to be underestimated by up-to 25% or overestimated by up-to 50% depending on
whether the planet occults active regions. We also find that in up-to 70% of
the X-ray light curves the planet transits over bright star spots. In the far
ultraviolet (1600 & 1700 {\AA}), we find the mean recovered value of the
planet-to-star radius ratio to be over-estimated by up-to 20%. For optical
transits we are able to consistently recover the correct planetary radius. We
also address the implications of our results for transits of WASP-12b and HD
189733b at short wavelengths.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
Vorticity, Shocks and Magnetic Fields in Subsonic, ICM-like Turbulence

We analyze high resolution simulations of compressible, MHD turbulence with
properties resembling conditions in galaxy clusters. The flow is driven to
turbulence Mach number $\mathcal{M}_t \sim 1/2$ in an isothermal medium with an
initially very weak, uniform seed magnetic field ($\beta = P_g/P_B = 10^6$).
Since cluster turbulence is likely to result from a mix of sheared (solenoidal)
and compressive forcing processes, we examine the distinct turbulence
properties for both cases. In one set of simulations velocity forcing is
entirely solenoidal ($\nabla\cdot \delta {\vec u} = 0$), while in the other it
is entirely compressive ($\nabla\times \delta {\vec u} = 0$). Both cases
develop a mixture of solenoidal and compressive turbulent motions, since each
generates the other. The development of compressive turbulent motions leads to
shocks, even when the turbulence is solenoidally forced and subsonic. Shocks,
in turn, produce and amplify vorticity, which is especially important in
compressively forced turbulence. To clarify those processes we include a pair
of appendices that look in detail at vorticity evolution in association with
shocks. From our simulation analyses we find that magnetic fields amplified to
near saturation levels in predominantly solenoidal turbulence can actually
enhance vorticity on small scales by concentrating and stabilizing shear. The
properties, evolution rates and relative contributions of the kinetic and
magnetic turbulent elements depend strongly on the character of the forcing.
Specifically, shocks are stronger, but vorticity evolution and magnetic field
amplification are slower and weaker when the turbulence is compressively
forced. We identify a simple relation to estimate characteristic shock
strengths in terms of the turbulence Mach number and the character of the
forcing. Our results will be helpful in understanding flow motions in galaxy
clusters.Comment: 46 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
  Journa
Exact results for ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories on compact
  toric manifolds and equivariant Donaldson invariants

We provide a contour integral formula for the exact partition function of
${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric $U(N)$ gauge theories on compact toric
four-manifolds by means of supersymmetric localisation. We perform the explicit
evaluation of the contour integral for $U(2)$ ${\cal N}=2$ theory on
$\mathbb{P}^2$ for all instanton numbers. In the zero mass case, corresponding
to the ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric gauge theory, we obtain the generating
function of the Euler characteristics of instanton moduli spaces in terms of
mock-modular forms. In the decoupling limit of infinite mass we find that the
generating function of local and surface observables computes equivariant
Donaldson invariants, thus proving in this case a long-standing conjecture by
N. Nekrasov. In the case of vanishing first Chern class the resulting
equivariant Donaldson polynomials are new.Comment: 37 pages + Appendix, 8 figures. v3: accepted for publication on JHE
Effects of bone-specific physical activity, gender and maturity on tibial cross-sectional bone material distribution; a cross-sectional pQCT comparison of children and young adults aged 5-29 years

Growth is the opportune time to modify bone accrual. While bone adaptation is known to be dependent on local loading and consequent deformations (strain) of bone, little is known about the effects of sex, and bone-specific physical activity on location-specific cross-sectional bone geometry during growth. To provide more insight we examined bone traits at different locations around tibial cross sections, and along the tibia between individuals who vary in terms of physical activity exposure, sex, and pubertal status. Data from 304 individuals aged 5-29 years (172 male, 132 female) were examined. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was applied at 4%, 14%, 38%, and 66% of tibial length. Maturity was established by estimating age at peak height velocity (APHV). Loading history was quantified with the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ). Comparisons, adjusted for height, weight and age were made between sex, maturity, and BPAQ tertile groups. Few to no differences were observed between sexes or BPAQ tertiles prior to APHV, whereas marked sexual dimorphism and differences between BPAQ tertiles were observed after APHV. Cross-sectional location-specific differences between BPAQ tertiles were not evident prior to APHV, whereas clear location-specificity was observed after APHV. In conclusion, the skeletal benefits of physical activity are location-specific in the tibia. The present results indicate that the peri- or post-pubertal period is likely a more favourable window of opportunity for enhancing cross-sectional bone geometry than pre puberty. Increased loading during the peri-pubertal period may enhance the bone of both sexes
NNLO QCD corrections to jet production at hadron colliders from gluon scattering

We present the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to dijet production in the purely gluonic channel retaining the full dependence on the number of colours. The sub-leading colour contribution in this channel first appears at NNLO and, as expected, increases the NNLO correction by around 10% and exhibits a pT dependence, rising from 8% at low pT to 15% at high pT . The present calculation demonstrates the utility of the antenna subtraction method for computing the full colour NNLO corrections to dijet production at the Large Hadron Collider
Measurement of the time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0 \to K^0_S K^0_S$ decays

The time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry in the decay $D^0 \to K^0_S K^0_S$ is measured using $3 fb^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The flavour of the $D^0$ meson is determined by use of the decay $D^{*+} \to D^0 \pi^+$ and its charge conjugate mode. The result is \[ {\cal A}_{CP} = -0.029 \pm 0.052 \pm 0.022, \] where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The result is consistent with Standard Model expectations and improves the uncertainty with respect to the only previous measurement of this quantity by more than a factor of three
Harmonic decomposition of two particle angular correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

Angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger (t) and associated (a) particles are measured by the ALICE experiment in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV for transverse momenta 0.25 < pTt, a < 15 GeV/c, where pTt > pTa. The shapes of the pair correlation distributions are studied in a variety of collision centrality classes between 0 and 50% of the total hadronic cross section for particles in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 1.0. Distributions in relative azimuth �φ ≡ φt − φa are analyzed for |�η| ≡ |ηt − ηa| > 0.8, and are referred to as “long-range correlations”. Fourier components Vn�Delta ≡ �cos(n�Deltaφ)� are extracted from the long-range azimuthal correlation functions. If particle pairs are correlated to one another through their individual correlation to a common symmetry plane, then the pair anisotropy VnDelta�(pTt, pTa) is fully described in terms of single-particle anisotropies vn(pT) as Vn�Delta(pTt, pTa) = vn(pTt)vn(pTa). This expectation is tested for 1 <= �n <=� 5 by applying a global fit of all Vn�Delta(pTt, pTa) to obtain the best values vn{; ; ; GF}; ; ; (pT). It is found that for 2�<=n�<=5, the fit agrees well with data up to pTa ∼ 3–4 GeV/c, with a trend of increasing deviation as pTt and pTa are increased or as collisions become more peripheral. This suggests that no pair correlation harmonic can be described over the full 0.25 < pT < 15 GeV/c range using a single vn(pT) curve ; such a description is however approximately possible for 2 <=� n <= �5 when pTa<4 GeV/c. For the n = 1 harmonic, however, a single v1(pT) curve is not obtained even within the reduced range pTa <4 GeV/c
Multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC

The average transverse momentum 〈pT〉 versus the charged-particle multiplicity Nch was measured in p–Pb collisions at a collision energy per nucleon–nucleon pair View the MathML source and in pp collisions at collision energies of View the MathML source in the kinematic range 0.15&lt;pT&lt;10.0 GeV/c and |η|&lt;0.3 with the ALICE apparatus at the LHC. These data are compared to results in Pb–Pb collisions at View the MathML source at similar charged-particle multiplicities. In pp and p–Pb collisions, a strong increase of 〈pT〉 with Nch is observed, which is much stronger than that measured in Pb–Pb collisions. For pp collisions, this could be attributed, within a model of hadronizing strings, to multiple-parton interactions and to a final-state color reconnection mechanism. The data in p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions cannot be described by an incoherent superposition of nucleon–nucleon collisions and pose a challenge to most of the event generators
Pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity distribution of charged hadrons in pp collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV is measured using a data sample obtained with the CMS detector, operated at zero magnetic field, at the CERN LHC. The yield of primary charged long-lived hadrons produced in inelastic pp collisions is determined in the central region of the CMS pixel detector (|η|&lt;2|η|&lt;2) using both hit pairs and reconstructed tracks. For central pseudorapidities (|η|&lt;0.5|η|&lt;0.5), the charged-hadron multiplicity density is View the MathML sourcedNch/dη||η|&lt;0.5=5.49±0.01(stat)±0.17(syst), a value obtained by combining the two methods. The result is compared to predictions from Monte Carlo event generators and to similar measurements made at lower collision energies
BPS Wilson loop T-dual to spinning string in AdS5×S5

We use the string sigma model action in AdS5×S5 to reconstruct the open string solution ending on the Wilson loop in S3×R parametrized by a geometric angle in S3 and an angle in flavor space. Under the interchange of the world sheet space and time coordinates and the T-duality transformation with the radial inversion, the static open string configuration associated with the BPS Wilson loop with two equal angle parameters becomes a long open spinning string configuration which is produced by taking the special limit of equal two frequencies for the folded spinning closed string with two spins in AdS5×S5
Threshold resummation at N 3 LL accuracy and soft-virtual cross sections at N 3 LO

We consider QCD radiative corrections to the production of colorless high-mass systems in hadron collisions. We show that the recent computation of the soft-virtual corrections to Higgs boson production at N 3 LO [1] together with the universality structure of soft-gluon emission can be exploited to extract the general expression of the hard-virtual coefficient that contributes to threshold resummation at N 3 LL accuracy. The hard-virtual coefficient is directly related to the process-dependent virtual amplitude through a universal (process-independent) factorization formula that we explicitly evaluate up to three-loop order. As an application, we present the explicit expression of the soft-virtual N 3 LO corrections for the production of an arbitrary colorless system. In the case of the Drell–Yan process, we confirm the recent result of Ref. [2]
A certified plasmid reference material for the standardisation of BCR-ABL1 mRNA quantification by real-time quantitative PCR

Serial quantification of BCR-ABL1 mRNA is an important therapeutic indicator in chronic myeloid leukemia, but there is substantial variation in results reported by different laboratories. To improve comparability, an internationally accepted plasmid certified reference material (CRM) was developed according to ISO Guide 34:2009. Fragments of BCR-ABL1 (e14a2 mRNA fusion), BCR and GUSB transcripts were amplified and cloned into pUC18 to yield plasmid pIRMM0099. Six different linearised plasmid solutions were produced with the following copy number concentrations, assigned by digital PCR, and expanded uncertainties: 1.08±0.13×106, 1.08±0.11×105, 1.03±0.10×104, 1.02±0.09×103, 1.04±0.10×102 and 10.0±1.5 copies/µL. The certification of the material for the number of specific DNA fragments per plasmid and the copy number concentration of the plasmid solutions and the assessment of inter-unit heterogeneity and stability were performed according to ISO Guide 35:2006. Two suitability studies performed by 63 BCR-ABL1 testing laboratories demonstrated that this set of 6 plasmid CRMs can help to standardise the numbers of measured transcripts of BCR-ABL1 and three control genes; ABL1, BCR and GUSB. The set of 6 plasmid CRMs is distributed worldwide by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (Belgium) and its authorised distributors (http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu; CRM code ERM-AD623a-f).JRC.D.2-Standards for Innovation and sustainable Developmen
Fecal concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone in cotton-top tamarins hosted in different zoological parks : relationship among physiological data, environmental conditions and behavioral patterns.

The aim of this investigation was to study the welfare of three captive groups of cotton-top tamarins housed in different zoological parks. Ethological observations were conducted over one year. In addition, fecal samples were collected and the concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, and progestagens were measured. Within each group, no significant differences in fecal cortisol concentrations were found between subjects. The fecal concentrations of testosterone and progesterone significantly differed depending on the sex and the age of the animals. A significant association was found among hormone concentrations, exhibit dimension, and group composition. A highly significant correlation was uncovered between all hormones considered and the space available for each subject. Significant differences in behavioral patterns were observed among groups, including social-individual, affiliative-aggressive, and anogenital-suprapubic scent marking. Correlations between hormone measurements and behaviors were detected. In conclusion, this study confirmed the associations between some behaviors exhibited by these nonhuman primates and both cortisol and testosterone; these data also highlight the role played by progesterone in these behaviors
Order 1/N3 corrections to the conformal anomaly of the (2,0) theory in six dimensions.

Using Supergravity on AdS7×S4 we calculate the bulk one-loop contribution to the conformal anomaly of the (2,0) theory describing N coincident M5 branes. When this is added to the tree-level result, and an additional subleading order contribution calculated by Tseytlin, it gives an expression for the anomaly that interpolates correctly between the large N theory and the free (2,0) tensor theory corresponding to N=1. Thus we can argue that we have identified the exact N-dependence of the anomaly, which may have a simple protected form valid away from the large N limit
Use of the compulsive exercise test with athletes : norms and links with eating psychopathology

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology on 08-05-2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/10413200.2013.867911.This study assessed the 5 factor structure of the Compulsive Exercise Test and explored the relationship between compulsive exercise and eating psychopathology in athletes. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses of the Compulsive Exercise Test were conducted with 689 competitive athletes (aged 18 to 35 years). Convergent validity with the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire was explored. The 5 factor structure showed a poor fit; an alternative 3 factor structure is proposed. Exercising for weight control and to avoid a negative mood were strongly associated with eating psychopathology. Implications for using the Compulsive Exercise Test with athletes are discussed