pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Metrology and traceability of U-Pb isotope dilution geochronology (EARTHTIME Tracer Calibration Part I)

Mixed 235U-233U-205Pb(-202Pb) tracers for 12 U-Pb isotope-dilution isotope ratio mass spectrometry have been prepared under the auspices of the EARTHTIME Initiative. The methods and results for the preparation and calibration of the U/Pb ratio and isotopic abundances are given, and the various sources of uncertainty are discussed and quantified. The accuracy of the EARTHTIME U-Pb tracer isotopic composition can be traced back to SI units via a series of assay and isotopic composition reference materials combined with the experiments described herein. The parameters used in calculating U/Pb ratios (and inferentially U-Pb dates) have correlated uncertainties that result in a total uncertainty contribution to 206Pb/23820 U dates of ±<0.03% (95% confidence). For suitable terrestrial materials such as zircon, when other sources of uncertainty have been minimised (e.g., opensystem\ud
behaviour, 238U/23522 U variation, intermediate daughter product disequilibrium, common Pb, etc.) the U-Pb tracer calibration uncertainty is a limiting factor in the accuracy of U-Pb geochronology – but less so than the uncertainty in the 238U and 235U decay constants (±0.11 and 0.14% 2σ). The calibration approach of the mixed EARTHTIME 235U-23325 U-205Pb(-202Pb) tracers, in addition to updated values for reference materials (e.g., mixed gravimetric reference solutions), and parameters (e.g., Pb reference material assay), can be applied to other laboratory-specific U-Pb tracers and will facilitate the generation of accurate and directly inter-comparable U-Pb data
Effective lifetime measurements in the B0s→K+K−, B0→K+π− and B0s→π+K− decays

Measurements of the effective lifetimes in the B0s→K+K−, B0→K+π− and B0s→π+K− decays are presented using 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The analysis uses a data-driven approach to correct for the decay time acceptance. The measured effective lifetimes are τB0s→K+K− = 1.407 ± 0.016 ± 0.007 ps, τB0→K+π− = 1.524 ± 0.011 ± 0.004 ps, τB0s→π+K− = 1.60 ± 0.06 ± 0.01 ps. This is the most precise determination to date of the effective lifetime in the B0s→K+K− decay and provides constraints on contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model to the B0s mixing phase and the width difference ΔΓs
Constraints on the Higgs boson width from off-shell production and decay to Z-boson pairs

Constraints are presented on the total width of the recently discovered Higgs boson, Gamma[H], using its relative on-shell and off-shell production and decay rates to a pair of Z bosons, where one Z boson decays to an electron or muon pair, and the other to an electron, muon, or neutrino pair. The analysis is based on the data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 inverse femtobarns at a centre-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and 19.7 inverse femtobarns at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV. A simultaneous maximum likelihood fit to the measured kinematic distributions near the resonance peak and above the Z-boson pair production threshold leads to an upper limit on the Higgs boson width of Gamma[H] < 22 MeV at a 95% confidence level, which is 5.4 times the expected value in the standard model at the measured mass
Meson Production in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions close to the Threshold

The last decade has witnessed great experimental progress that has led to measurements of near-threshold cross sections-polarized as well as unpolarized-of high accuracy for various inelastic nucleon-nucleon collision channels. These data, naturally, pose challenges to theorists to develop methods by which they can be understood and explained in commensurate detail.In this work we review the status of the present theoretical understanding of this class of reactions with special emphasis on model-independent methods. We discuss in detail not only the many observables involved in the reactions, but also the physical questions that can be addressed by studying them in the various reaction channels. The special advantages of nucleon-nucleon-induced reactions are stressed. Foremost among these is the use of the initial and final states as a spin/isospin filter. This opens, for example, a window into the spin dependence of the hyperon-nucleon interaction and the dynamics of the light scalar mesons. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
B-physics from N f = 2 tmQCD: the Standard Model and beyond

We present a lattice QCD computation of the b -quark mass, the B and B s decay constants, the B -mixing bag prameters for the full four-fermion operator basis as well as determinations for ξ and f Bq $ \sqrt{{B_i^{(q) }}} $ extrapolated to the continuum limit and to the physical pion mass. We used N f = 2 twisted mass Wilson fermions at four values of the lattice spacing with pion masses ranging from 280 to 500 MeV. Extrapolation in the heavy quark mass from the charm to the bottom quark region has been carried out on ratios of physical quantities computed at nearby quark masses, exploiting the fact that they have an exactly known infinite mass limit. Our results are m b ( m b , $ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $ ) = 4 . 29(12) GeV, f Bs = 228(8) MeV, f B = 189(8) MeV and f Bs /f B = 1 . 206(24). Moreover with our results for the bag-parameters we find ξ = 1 . 225(31), $ {{{B_1^{(s) }}} \left/ {{B_1^{(d) }}} \right.} $ = 1 . 01(2), f Bd $ \sqrt{{\widehat{B}_1^{(d) }}} $ = 216(10) MeV and 1 f Bs $ \sqrt{{\widehat{B}_1^{(s) }}} $ = 262(10) MeV. We also computed the bag parameters for the complete basis of the four-fermion operators which are required in beyond the SM theories. By using these results for the bag parameters we are able to provide a refined Unitarity Triangle analysis in the presence of New Physics, improving the bounds coming from B ( s ) − $ {{\overline{B}}_{(s) }} $ mixing
Dual conformal symmetry on the light cone

We study the properties of conformal operators in the SL(2) sector of planar N=4 SYM and its supersymmetric SL(2|2) extension. The correlation functions of these operators and their form factors with respect to asymptotic on-shell states are determined by two different polynomials which can be identified as eigenstates of the dilatation operator in the coordinate and momentum representations, respectively. We argue that, in virtue of integrability of the dilatation operator, the two polynomials satisfy a duality relation – they are proportional to each other upon an appropriate identification of momenta and coordinates. Combined with the conventional N=4 superconformal symmetry, this leads to the dual superconformal symmetry of the dilatation operator. We demonstrate that this symmetry is powerful enough to fix the eigenspectrum of the dilatation operator to the lowest order in the coupling. We use the relation between the one-loop dilatation operator and Heisenberg spin chain to show that, to lowest order in the coupling, the dual symmetry is generated by the Baxter Q -operator in the limit of large spectral parameter
Ds0⁎±(2317) and KD scattering from Bs0 decay

We study the B¯s0→Ds−(KD)+ weak decay, and look at the KD invariant mass distribution, for which we use recent lattice QCD results for the KD interaction from where the Ds0⁎(2317) resonance appears as a KD bound state. Since there are not yet experimental data on this reaction, in a second step we propose an analysis method to obtain information on the Ds0⁎(2317) resonance from the future experimental KD mass distribution in this decay. For this purpose, we generate synthetic data taking a few points from our theoretical distribution, to which we add a 5% or 10% error. With this analysis method, we prove that one can obtain from these “data” the existence of a bound KD state, the KD scattering length and effective range, and most importantly, the KD probability in the wave function of the bound state obtained, which was found to be largely dominant in lattice QCD studies. This means that one can obtain information on the nature of the Ds0⁎+(2317) resonance from the implementation of this experiment, in the line of finding the structure of resonances, which is one of the main aims in hadron spectroscopy
Wave packet calculations on nonadiabatic effects for the O( 3P)HF( 1Σ) reaction under hyperthermal conditions

We present wave packet calculations of total and state-to-state reaction probabilities and integral cross sections for the nonadiabatic dynamics of the O( 3P)HF → F( 2P)OH( 2Π) reaction at hyperthermal collision energies ranging from 1.2 to 2.4 eV. The validity of the centrifugal sudden approximation is discussed for the title reaction and a comprehensive investigation of the influence of nonadiabatic effects on the dynamics of this reactive system at high (hyperthermal) collision energies is presented. In general, nonadiabatic effects are negligible for averaged observables, such as total reaction probabilities and integral cross sections, but they are clearly observed in detailed observables such as rotationally state-resolved reaction probabilities. A critical discussion of nonadiabatic effects on the dynamics of the title reaction is carried out by comparing with the reverse reaction and the characteristics of the adiabatic and diabatic potential energy surfaces involved. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Grant Nos. CSD2009-00038 (programa CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 “Molecular Astrophysics: the Herschel and Alma era”), FIS2011-29596-C02, and CTQ2008-02578, and by Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (CAM) under Grant No. S-0505/MAT/0303. s. Partial ﬁnancial support from the Scientiﬁc and Technological Research Council of TURKEY (TUBITAK) (Project No. TBAG-109T447) is gratefully acknowledgedPeer Reviewe
Search for anomalous production of prompt same-sign lepton pairs and pair-produced doubly charged Higgs bosons with root s=8 TeV pp collisions using the ATLAS detecto

A low-background inclusive search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons is presented. The search uses proton-proton collisions corresponding to 20.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity taken in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of 8TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Pairs of isolated leptons with the same electric charge and large transverse momenta of the type e(+/-) e(+/-), e(+/-) mu(+/-), and mu(+/-) mu(+/-) are selected and their invariant mass distribution is examined. No excess of events above the expected level of Standard Model background is found. The results are used to set upper limits on the cross-sections for processes beyond the Standard Model. Limits are placed as a function of the dilepton invariant mass within a fiducial region corresponding to the signal event selection criteria. Exclusion limits are also derived for a specific model of doubly charged Higgs boson production.<p>ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2015)041</p
Rail-bridge coupling element of unequal lengths for analysing train-track-bridge interaction systems

This paper presents a rail-bridge coupling element of unequal lengths, in which the length of a bridge element is longer than that of a rail element, to investigate the dynamic problem of train-track-bridge interaction systems. The equation of motion in matrix form is given for a train-track-bridge interaction system with the proposed element. The first two numerical examples with two types of bridge models are chosen to illustrate the application of the proposed element. The results show that, for the same length of rail element, (1) the dynamic responses of train, track and bridge obtained by the proposed element are almost identical to those obtained by the rail-bridge coupling element of equal length, and (2) compared with the rail-bridge coupling element of equal length, the proposed element can help to save computer time. Furthermore, the influence of the length of rail element on the dynamic responses of rail is significant. However, the influence of the length of rail element on the dynamic responses of bridge is insignificant. Therefore, the proposed element with a shorter rail element and a longer bridge element may be adopted to study the dynamic responses of a train-track-bridge interaction system. The last numerical example is to investigate the effects of two types of track models on the dynamic responses of vehicle, rail and bridge. The results show that: (1) there are differences of the dynamic responses of vehicle, rail and bridge based on the single-layer and double-layer track models, (2) the maximum differences increase with the increase of the mass of sleeper, (3) the double-layer track model is more accurate. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.postprin
Contrasting Thermodynamic, Technical and Economic Potentials:The Example of Organic Rankine Cycle Use within UK Industry

The laws of thermodynamics set a theoretical limit on the energy savings that can be realised in a given application. This thermodynamic potential cannot be reached in practice, and a technical potential for energy savings is defined by the performance of available technology. Only applications of the technology that are considered economic will usually be considered for installation. This economic potential will itself not be fully realised, with the actual savings achieved limited by further barriers. A database on surplus heat availability within UK industry was used to estimate the thermodynamic, technical, and economic potentials when converting this surplus heat to electricity using organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). Technical and economic information was based on that reported from existing installations and manufacturers. Various parameters, such as the local price of electricity, are subject to considerable uncertainty, and so a range of possible scenarios were investigated. The results form a basis for discussion on how to close this “gap” between the identified potentials and the savings realised
Examining the characteristics and managerial challenges of professional services::An empirical study of management consultancy in the travel, tourism, and hospitality sector

This paper finds that OM’s ‘one-size-fits-all’ characterization of professional services, namely high levels of customer engagement, extensive customization, knowledge intensity, and low levels of capital intensity, does not hold when carrying out a ‘deep dive’ (to the best of our knowledge, a first in this area of OM) into consultancy in the US travel, tourism, and hospitality sector. We analyse mixed-method data (semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and a best-worst choice experimental survey) and observe that consultancy can actually be quite remote and passive and that any periods of face-to-face ‘engagement’ will typically be time limited and focused on specific project phases. Moreover, and further confirming the value of a study that allowed us to investigate professional service operations in a specific market context, our data suggest this may often be at the behest of the client. The significant variation observed in levels of customization we interpret as confirming Maister’s (1993) notion of a portfolio of brains, grey hair, and procedural work. We also observed relatively high levels of capital intensity; reflecting perhaps the vintage of most OM characterizations and the dramatic ICT-related changes that have occurred in all business operations in the last 20 years. The work also demonstrates the necessity of a more contingent perspective on PSOM. We assess the impact of both firm (scale, specialization) and individual level (leverage) characteristics to demonstrate significant variation within what might be expected to be a relatively homogenous group of professional service operations. For example, investigating the effects of specialization (via a typology of consulting operations: super-specialists, generalists, deep knowledge traders, deep market knowledge traders) revealed that relative degree of interaction may be dependent upon degree of expertise, such that it was the super-specialists in our sample that spent less time with clients and the more generalist firms who were complementing their limited expert status with high levels of interaction (networking, etc.)
Exotic symmetry and monodromy equivalence in Schrödinger sigma models

We consider the classical integrable structure of two-dimensional non-linear sigma models with target space three-dimensional Schrödinger spacetimes. There are the two descriptions to describe the classical dynamics: 1) the left description based on SL(2, R )L and 2) the right description based on U(1)R . We have shown the sl(2, R )L Yangian and q-deformed Poincaré algebras associated with them. We proceed to argue an infinite-dimensional extension of the q-deformed Poincaré algebra. The corresponding charges are constructed by using a non-local map from the flat conserved currents related to the Yangian. The exotic tower structure of the charges is revealed by directly computing the classical Poisson brackets. Then the monodromy matrices in both descriptions are shown to be gauge-equivalent via the relation between the spectral parameters. We also give a simple Riemann sphere interpretation of this equivalence
Targeted Suppression of EVI1 Oncogene Expression by Sequence-Specific Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide.

Human ectopic viral integration site 1 (EVI1) is an oncogenic transcription factor known to play a critical role in many aggressive forms of cancer. Its selective modulation is thought to alter the cancer-specific gene regulatory networks. Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are a class of small DNA binders that can be designed to target any destined DNA sequence. Herein, we report a sequence-specific pyrrole-imidazole polyamide, PIP1, which can target specific base pairs of the REL/ELK1 binding site in the EVI1 minimal promoter. The designed PIP1 significantly inhibited EVI1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Whole-transcriptome analysis confirmed that PIP1 affected a fraction of EVI1-mediated gene regulation. In vitro assays suggested that this polyamide can also effectively inhibit breast cancer cell migration. Taken together, these results suggest that EVI1-targeted PIP1 is an effective transcriptional regulator in cancer cells
Emergence of the electroweak scale through the Higgs portal.

Having discovered a candidate for the final piece of the Standard Model, the Higgs boson, the question remains why its vacuum expectation value and its mass are so much smaller than the Planck scale (or any other high scale of new physics). One elegant solution was provided by Coleman and Weinberg, where all mass scales are generated from dimensionless coupling constants via dimensional transmutation. However, the original Coleman-Weinberg scenario predicts a Higgs mass which is too light; it is parametrically suppressed compared to the mass of the vectors bosons, and hence is much lighter than the observed value. In this paper we argue that a mass scale, generated via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism in a hidden sector and then transmitted to the Standard Model through a Higgs portal, can naturally explain the smallness of the electroweak scale compared to the UV cutoff scale, and at the same time be consistent with the observed value. We analyse the phenomenology of such a model in the context of present and future colliders and low energy measurements
Dynamic transmission of protein allostery without structural change : spatial pathways or global modes?

We examine the contrast between mechanisms for allosteric signaling that involve structural change, and those that do not, from the perspective of allosteric pathways. In particular we treat in detail the case of fluctuation-allostery by which amplitude modulation of the thermal fluctuations of the elastic normal modes conveys the allosteric signal, and address the question of what an allosteric pathway means in this case. We find that a perturbation theory of thermal elastic solids and nonperturbative approach (by super-coarse-graining elasticity into internal bending modes) have opposite signatures in their structure of correlated pathways. We illustrate the effect from analysis of previous results from GlxR of Corynebacterium glutamicum, an example of the CRP/FNR transcription family of allosteric homodimers. We find that the visibility of both correlated pathways and disconnected sites of correlated motion in this protein suggests that mechanisms of local elastic stretch and bend are recruited for the purpose of creating and controlling allosteric cooperativity
The fate of the Higgs vacuum.\ud

We have recently suggested that tiny black holes can act as nucleation seeds for the decay of the metastable Higgs vacuum. Previous results applied only to the nucleation of thin-wall bubbles, and covered a very small region of parameter space. This paper considers bubbles of arbitrary profile and reaches the same conclusion: black holes seed rapid vacuum decay. Seeded and unseeded nucleation rates are compared, and the gravitational back reaction of the bubbles is taken into account. The evolution of the bubble interior is described for the unseeded nucleation. Results are presented for the renormalisation group improved Standard Model Higgs potential, and a simple effective model representing new physics
Comparing 2D pictures with 3D replicas for the digital preservation and analysis of tangible heritage.

In this paper, we present two experiments designed to compare 2D digital pictures and 3D digital replicas of artefacts, to understand how differently these media facilitate the perception and understanding of our past. Archaeologists and museum experts have commonly used 2D digital pictures to preserve and study artefacts. Recently these scholars have also started to use 3D digital archives for their studies. Yet we still need to determine how these two formats (2D vs 3D) affect the perception of our past. Results to our experiments point to 3D digital replicas of artifacts as more effective means to digitally preserve tangible cultural heritage, since 3D multi-visualization augments the perception of physical characteristics of the artifacts allowing a more embodied experience with these objects. Our experiments also suggest that multi-visualization (i.e., point-cloud, mesh, and color information) helps the viewers to overcome their personal conceptualization of specific objects.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis via http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2015.104251
Edge-based nonlinear diffusion for finite element approximations of convection-diffusion equations and its relation to algebraic flux-correction schemes

For the case of approximation of convection diffusion equations using piecewise affine continuous finite elements a new edge-based nonlinear diffusion operator is proposed that makes the scheme satisfy a discrete maximum principle. The diffusion operator is shown to be Lipschitz continuous and linearity preserving. Using these properties we provide a full stability and error analysis, which, in the diffusion dominated regime, shows existence, uniqueness and optimal convergence. Then the algebraic flux correction method is recalled and we show that the present method can be interpreted as an algebraic flux correction method for a particular definition of the flux limiters. The performance of the method is illustrated on some numerical test cases in two space dimensions