pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Adverse drug reactions in some African herbal medicine: literature review and stakeholders’ interview

Background: In view of the large consumption of herbal medicine in Africa countries, it is likely that many adverse drugs reactions go unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services, or no pharmacovigilance analysis being made, or the analysis not being reported centrally. This problem is of interest especially for those who are working in the general area of adverse drug reactions or stakeholders in the domain of herbal medicine for considering safety issues. Methods: We are particularly interested in the way that the use of very wellknown and highly valued plants is linked to the observation of adverse drug reactions in African countries. We investigated, through a literature review and using the Internet (with a semantic search strategy), some wellknown or popular medicinal plants used in African herbal medicine (AHM). Other information on the properties related to use, and characteristics of medicinal plants was complemented by some interviews with stakeholders. Results: Although substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of action of many drugs, the pharmacological actions of many medicinal plants are generally not well understood. The results of a literature review suggest that the reported adverse drug reactions of herbal remedies are often due to a lack of understanding of their preparation and appropriate use. The results of stakeholders’ interviews suggest that there is a growing need to provide patients with correct information about the herbal medicines they consume. Conclusion: An important aspect of herbal medicine is the correct, timely, and integrated communication of emerging data on risk as an essential part of pharmacovigilance, which could actually improve the health and safety of patients. This calls for improved collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern healthcare professionals, researchers, and drug regulatory authorities. In addition, there is a need for an adverse drug reaction reporting system to facilitate the collection, monitoring, and evaluation of adverse drug events
Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb–Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN)=2.76 TeV

The elliptic, v2, triangular, v3, and quadrangular, v4, azimuthal anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles, pions, and (anti-)protons in Pb–Pb collisions at sqrt(sNN)=2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the pseudo-rapidity range |η|&lt;0.8 at different collision centralities and as a function of transverse momentum, pT, out to pT=20 GeV/c. The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on transverse momentum for pT&gt;8 GeV/c. The small pT dependence of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow fluctuations up to pT=8 GeV/c. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least pT=8 GeV/c indicating that the particle type dependence persists out to high pT
Electric/magnetic duality and RG flows in AdS 4 /CFT 3

A large set of relevant deformations of the ABJM field theory defined on a stack of M2 branes is captured holographically by D = 4 $ \mathcal{N} $ = 8 SO(8)-gauged supergravity, which has accordingly been applied to study renormalisation group (RG) flows of the field theory between distinct superconformal phases. Recently, it has been discovered that this supergravity is not unique, and that a one-parameter family of gaugings of maximal supergravity exists. The parameter is an angle that measures the mixture of electric and magnetic vectors that gauge SO(8) dyonically. We construct and comprehensively characterise all domain walls between the critical points of the new supergravities with at least SU(3) invariance, which are expected to be dual to RG flows of new field theories defined at least at large N . We also construct some walls running off to infinity in scalar space, which we expect to be dual to Coulomb branch flows of these field theories
Constitutive relations and response parameters in two-dimensional hydrodynamics with gauge and gravitational anomalies

We obtain the constitutive relations for the stress tensor and gauge current in <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> -dimensional hydrodynamics in the presence of both gauge and gravitational (conformal as well as diffeomorphism) anomalies. The relations between response parameters and anomaly coefficients are also found. The role of the Israel Hartle Hawking vacuum is emphasised. Finally, in the absence of gauge fields, earlier results obtained by a hydrodynamic expansion are reproduced
Holographic entanglement entropy in metal/superconductor phase transition with Born–Infeld electrodynamics

We investigate the holographic entanglement entropy in the metal/superconductor phase transition for the Born–Infeld electrodynamics with full backreaction and note that the entropy is a good probe to study the properties of the phase transition. For the operator 〈O−〉 , we find that the entanglement entropy decreases (or increases) with the increase of the Born–Infeld parameter b in the metal (or superconducting) phase. For the operator 〈O+〉 , we observe that, with the increase of the Born–Infeld parameter, the entanglement entropy in the metal phase decreases monotonously but the entropy in the superconducting phase first increases and forms a peak at some threshold bT , then decreases continuously. Moreover, the value of bT becomes smaller as the width of the subsystem A decreases
Cold black holes in the Harlow–Hayden approach to firewalls

Firewalls are controversial principally because they seem to imply departures from general relativistic expectations in regions of spacetime where the curvature need not be particularly large. One of the virtues of the Harlow–Hayden approach to the firewall paradox, concerning the time available for decoding of Hawking radiation emanating from charged AdS black holes, is precisely that it operates in the context of cold black holes, which are not strongly curved outside the event horizon. Here we clarify this point. The approach is based on ideas borrowed from applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to the quark–gluon plasma. Firewalls aside, our work presents a detailed analysis of the thermodynamics and evolution of evaporating charged AdS black holes with flat event horizons. We show that, in one way or another, these black holes are always eventually destroyed in a time which, while long by normal standards, is short relative to the decoding time of Hawking radiation
The relationship between information processing style and information seeking, and its moderation by affect and perceived usefulness: analysis vs. procrastination

We examined the relationship between information processing style and information seeking, and its moderation by anxiety and information utility. Information about Salmonella, a potentially commonplace disease, was presented to 2960 adults. Two types of information processing were examined: preferences for analytical or heuristic processing, and preferences for immediate or delayed processing. Information seeking was captured by measuring the number of additional pieces of information sought by participants. Preferences for analytical information processing were associated positively and directly with information seeking. Heuristic information processing was associated negatively and directly with information seeking. The positive relationship between preferences for delayed decision making and information seeking was moderated by anxiety and by information utility. Anxiety reduced the tendency to seek additional information. Information utility increased the likelihood of information seeking. The findings indicate that low levels of anxiety could prompt information seeking. However, information seeking occurred even when information was perceived as useful and sufficient, suggesting that it can be a form of procrastination rather than a useful contribution to effective decision making
Surface deformation of active volcanic areas retrieved with the SBAS-DInSAR technique: an overview

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the surface deformation retrieval capability of the Differential
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) algorithm, referred to as Small BAseline Subset (SBAS)
technique, in the context of active volcanic areas. In particular, after a brief description of the algorithm some
experiments relevant to three selected case-study areas are presented. First, we concentrate on the application of
the SBAS algorithm to a single-orbit scenario, thus considering a set of SAR data composed by images acquired
on descending orbits by the European Remote Sensing (ERS) radar sensors and relevant to the Long Valley
caldera (eastern California) area. Subsequently, we address the capability of the SBAS technique in a multipleorbit
context by referring to Mt. Etna volcano (southern Italy) test site, with respect to which two different ERS
data set, composed by images acquired both on ascending and descending orbits, are available. Finally, we take
advantage of the capability of the algorithm to work in a multi-platform scenario by jointly exploiting two different
sets of SAR images collected by the ERS and the Environment Satellite (ENVISAT) radar sensors in the
Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy) area. The presented results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm
to investigate the deformation field in active volcanic areas and the potential of the DInSAR methodologies within
routine surveillance scenario
Leptogenesis and neutrino oscillations in the classically conformal standard model with the Higgs portal.

The Standard Model with an added Higgs portal interaction and no explicit mass terms is a classically scale-invariant theory. In this case the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking can be induced radiatively by the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism operational in a hidden sector, and then transmitted to the Standard Model through the Higgs portal. The smallness of the generated values for the Higgs vev and mass, compared to the UV cutoff of our classically scale-invariant effective theory, is naturally explained by this mechanism.\ud
We show how these classically conformal models can generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe without the need of introducing mass scales by hand or their resonant fine-tuning. The minimal model we consider is the Standard Model coupled to the Coleman-Weinberg scalar field charged under the U(1) B−L gauge group. Anomaly cancellation requires automatic inclusion of three generations of right-handed neutrinos. Their GeV-scale Majorana masses are induced by the Coleman-Weinberg field and lead to the generation of active neutrino masses through the standard see-saw mechanism. Leptogenesis occurs via flavour oscillations of right-handed sterile neutrinos and is converted to the baryon asymmetry by electroweak sphalerons
Dyonic black hole and holography.\ud

We study thermodynamic properties of dyonic black hole and its dual field theory. We observe that the phase diagram of a dyonic black hole in constant electric potential and magnetic charge ensemble is similar to that of a Van der Waals fluid with chemical potential. Phase transitions and other critical phenomena have been studied in presence of magnetic charge and chemical potential. We also analyse magnetic properties of dual conformal field theory and observe a ferromagnetic like behavior of boundary theory when the external magnetic field vanishes. Finally, we compute susceptibility of different phases of boundary CFT and find that, depending on the strength of the external magnetic field and temperature, these phases are either paramagnetic or diamagnetic
Late Quaternary ice flow in a West Greenland fjord and cross-shelf trough system: submarine landforms from Rink Isbrae to Uummannaq shelf and slope

This is an Open Access article published by Elsevier and distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence CC-BY 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Sea-floor landforms and acoustic-stratigraphic records allow interpretation of the past form and flow of a westward-draining ice stream of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Rink Isbrae. The Late Pliocene-Pleistocene glacial package is several hundred metres thick and down-laps onto an upper Miocene horizon. Several acoustic facies are mapped from sub-bottom profiler records of the 400km-long Uummannaq fjord-shelf-slope system. An acoustically stratified facies covers much of the fjord and trough floor, interpreted as glacimarine sediment from rain-out of fine-grained debris in turbid meltwater. Beneath this facies is a semi-transparent deformation-till unit, which includes buried streamlined landforms. Landform distribution in the Uummannaq system is used to reconstruct past ice extent and flow directions. The presence of streamlined landforms (mega-scale glacial lineations, drumlins, crag-and-tails) shows that an ice stream advanced through the fjord system to fill Uummannaq Trough, reaching the shelf edge at the Last Glacial Maximum. Beyond the trough there is a major fan built mainly of glacigenic debris flows. Turbidity-current channels were not observed on Uummannaq Fan, contrasting with well-developed channels on Disko Fan, 300km to the south. Ice retreat had begun by 14.8cal.ka ago. Grounding-zone wedges (GZW) in Uummannaq Trough imply that retreat was episodic, punctuated by several still-stands. Ice retreat between GZWs may have been relatively rapid. There is little sedimentary evidence for still-stands in the inner fjords, except for a major moraine ridge marking a Little Ice Age maximum position. On the shallow banks either side of Uummannaq Trough, iceberg ploughing has reworked any morphological evidence of earlier ice-sheet activity. © 2013 The Authors
Surface improvement of laser clad Ti-6Al-4V using plain waterjet and pulsed electron beam irradiation

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (CC BY-NC-ND). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/© 2014 The Authors. Laser cladding is a flexible process which can be used to enhance the lifetime of components and repair them when worn. This is especially relevant where components are highly valued, and therefore costly to replace. To date, the surface finish achievable by laser cladding is poor and is characterised by ridges which correspond to the individual beads associated with the process. Increasingly laser cladding is being applied to conformal surfaces which are difficult to process by conventional grinding procedures which may also be ineffective because of discontinuous clad regions. There is therefore a need for a freeform approach which is capable of introducing specific surface finishes to complex components. Hence, in this study, a process chain incorporating plain water jet (PWJ) followed by a pulsed electron beam irradiation was used for the surface modification of laser clad surfaces of Ti-6Al-4V. Initially the surface was characterised by large recesses with peak-trough heights of 200 ± 18 μm and waviness of 49 μm. Upon processing employing water head pressure of 345 MPa impinging the clad surface at an angle 90°, 250 mm/min jet traverse speed, 3 mm stand-off distance and 0.25 mm milling overlap with 2 passes, it was possible to eliminate the peak-trough profile by milling to a depth of 480 ± 10 μm. A flat surface characterised by a surface waviness of 14.9 μm, 12.6 μm Ra and 44 μm straightness was achieved. PWJ milled surfaces were characterised by deep cavities, stepped fractured surfaces, cracks and sub-surface tunnels, however, with application of pulsed electron beam irradiation, most of these surface features were eliminated with a relatively smooth surface produced with 6.2 μm Ra finish
$I=1$ and $I=2$ $\pi-\pi$ scattering phase shifts from $N_{\mathrm{f}} =
  2+1$ lattice QCD

The $I=1$ $p$-wave and $I=2$ $s$-wave elastic $\pi$-$\pi$ scattering
amplitudes are calculated from a first-principles lattice QCD simulation using
a single ensemble of gauge field configurations with $N_{\mathrm{f}} = 2+1$
dynamical flavors of anisotropic clover-improved Wilson fermions. This ensemble
has a large spatial volume $V=(3.7\mathrm{fm})^3$, pion mass $m_{\pi} =
230\mathrm{MeV}$, and spatial lattice spacing $a_s = 0.11\mathrm{fm}$.
Calculation of the necessary temporal correlation matrices is efficiently
performed using the stochastic LapH method, while the large volume enables an
improved energy resolution compared to previous work. For this single ensemble
we obtain $m_{\rho}/m_{\pi} = 3.350(24)$, $g_{\rho\pi\pi} = 5.99(26)$, and a
clear signal for the $I=2$ $s$-wave. The success of the stochastic LapH method
in this proof-of-principle large-volume calculation paves the way for
quantitative study of the lattice spacing effects and quark mass dependence of
scattering amplitudes using state-of-the-art ensembles.Comment: 29 pages, 10 pdf figure
New analytical solutions for chemical evolution models: characterizing
  the population of star-forming and passive galaxies

Analytical models of chemical evolution, including inflow and outflow of gas,
are important tools to study how the metal content in galaxies evolves as a
function of time. In this work, we present new analytical solutions for the
evolution of the gas mass, total mass and metallicity of a galactic system,
when a decaying exponential infall rate of gas and galactic winds are assumed.
We apply our model to characterize a sample of local star-forming and passive
galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, with the aim of reproducing
their observed mass-metallicity relation; in this way, we can derive how the
two populations of star-forming and passive galaxies differ in their particular
distribution of ages, formation time scales, infall masses and mass loading
factors. We find that the local passive galaxies are on average older and
assembled on shorter typical time-scales than the local star-forming ones; on
the other hand, the larger mass star-forming galaxies show generally older ages
and longer typical formation time-scales compared with the smaller mass
star-forming galaxies. Finally, we conclude that the local star-forming
galaxies experience stronger galactic winds than the passive galaxy population.
We explore the effect of assuming different initial mass functions in our
model, showing that to reproduce the observed mass-metallicity relation
stronger winds are requested if the initial mass function is top-heavy.
Finally, our analytical models predict the assumed sample of local galaxies to
lie on a tight surface in the 3D space defined by stellar metallicity, star
formation rate and stellar mass, thus mimicking the well-known "fundamental
relation".Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, A&A in pres
Global behavior of the Douglas–Rachford method for a nonconvex feasibility problem

In recent times the Douglas–Rachford algorithm has been observed empirically to solve a variety of nonconvex feasibility problems including those of a combinatorial nature. For many of these problems current theory is not sufficient to explain this observed success and is mainly concerned with questions of local convergence. In this paper we analyze global behavior of the method for finding a point in the intersection of a half-space and a potentially non-convex set which is assumed to satisfy a well-quasi-ordering property or a property weaker than compactness. In particular, the special case in which the second set is finite is covered by our framework and provides a prototypical setting for combinatorial optimization problems.F.J. Aragón Artacho was supported by MINECO of Spain and FEDER of EU, as part of the Ramón y Cajal program (RYC-2013-13327) and the Grant MTM2014-59179-C2-1-P. J.M. Borwein was supported, in part, by the Australian Research Council. M.K. Tam was supported by an Australian Post-Graduate Award
CP(N-1) Quantum Field Theories with Alkaline-Earth Atoms in Optical Lattices

We propose a cold atom implementation to attain the continuum limit of (1+1)-d CP(N −1) quantum field theories. These theories share important features with (3+1)-d QCD, such as asymptotic freedom and θ-vacua. Moreover, their continuum limit can be accessed via the mechanism of dimensional reduction. In our scheme, the CP(N−1) degrees of freedom emerge at low energies from a ladder system of SU(N) quantum spins, where the N spin states are embodied by the nuclear Zeeman states of alkaline-earth\ud
atoms, trapped in an optical lattice. Based on Monte Carlo results, we establish that the continuum limit can be demonstrated by an atomic quantum simulation by employing the feature of asymptotic freedom. We discuss a protocol for the adiabatic preparation of the ground state of the system, the real-time evolution of a false θ-vacuum state after a quench, and we propose experiments to unravel the phase diagram at non-zero density
On the Algebraic Structure of Conditional Events

This paper initiates an investigation of conditional measures as simple measures on conditional events. As a first step towards this end we investigate the construction of conditional algebras which allow us to distinguish between the logical properties of conditional events and those of the conditional measures which we can be attached to them. This distinction, we argue, helps us clarifying both concepts. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.The authors are very grateful for the interesting comments by two anonymous reviewers. Flaminio was supported by the Italian project FIRB 2010 (RBFR10DGUA−002). Godo acknowledges partial support of the Spanish MINECO project TIN2012-39348-C02-01. Hosni acknowledges the support of the EU Marie Curie IEF-GA-2012-327630 project Rethinking Uncertainty: A Choice-based approachPeer Reviewe
Dissipation of excess energy triggered by blue light in cyanobacteria with CP43' (isiA)

International audienceThe chlorophyll-protein CP43V(isiA gene) induced by stress conditions in cyanobacteria is shown to serve as an antenna for Photosystem II (PSII), in addition to its known role as an antenna for Photosystem I (PSI). At high light intensity, this antenna is converted to an efficient trap for chlorophyll excitations that protects system II from photo-inhibition. In contrast to the denergy-dependent non-photochemical quenchingT (NPQ) in chloroplasts, this photoprotective energy dissipation in cyanobacteria is triggered by blue light. The induction is proportional to light intensity. Induction and decay of the quenching exhibit the same large temperature-dependence
The Physiological User's Response as a Clue to Assess Visual Variables Effectiveness

International audienceThe paper deals with the introduction of Bertin's visual variables in an ATC context. The ranking of the efficiency of these variables has been experimentally verified by Cleveland, however, no studies highlight the physiological correlates of this ranking. We analyzed behavioral, physiological and subjective data recorded on 7 healthy subjects facing a visual comparison task witch involve 5 selected visual characterizations (angle, text, surface, framed rectangles and luminosity). Results showed that the observed accuracy was coherent with Mackinlay ranking of visual variables. Psychophysiological and subjective measurements are also discussed