pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Climate change and river flooding: part 2 sensitivity characterisation for british catchments and example vulnerability assessments

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0726-3This paper is the second of a series describing a scenario-neutral methodology to assess the sensitivity and vulnerability of British catchments to changes in flooding due to climate change. In paper one, nine flood sensitivity types were identified from response surfaces generated for 154 catchments. The response surfaces describe changes in 20-year return period flood peaks (RP20) in response to a large set of changes in precipitation, temperature and potential evapotranspiration. In this paper, a recursive partitioning algorithm is used to link families of sensitivity types to catchment properties, via a decision tree. The tree shows 85 % success characterising the four sensitivity families, using five properties and nine paths. Catchment annual average rainfall is the primary partitioning factor, with drier catchments having a more variable response to climate (precipitation) change than wetter catchments and higher catchment losses and permeability being aggravating factors. The full sensitivity-exposure-vulnerability methodology is illustrated for two catchments: sensitivity is estimated by using the decision tree to identify the sensitivity family (and its associated average response surface); exposure is defined from a set of climate model projections and combined with the response surface to estimate the resulting impacts (changes in RP20); vulnerability under a range of adaptive capacity thresholds is estimated from the set of impacts. Even though they are geographically close, the two catchments show differing vulnerability to climate change, due to their differing properties. This demonstrates that generalised response surfaces characterised by catchment properties are useful screening tools to quantify the vulnerability of catchments to climate change without the need to undertake a full climate change impact study. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Quasilocal conservation laws from semicyclic irreducible representations
  of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ in $XXZ$ spin-$1/2$ chains

We construct quasilocal conserved charges in the gapless ($|\Delta| \le 1$)
regime of the Heisenberg $XXZ$ spin-$1/2$ chain, using semicyclic irreducible
representations of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$. These representations are
characterized by a periodic action of ladder operators, which act as generators
of the aforementioned algebra. Unlike previously constructed conserved charges,
the new ones do not preserve magnetization, i.e. they do not possess the $U(1)$
symmetry of the Hamiltonian. The possibility of application in relaxation
dynamics resulting from $U(1)$-breaking quantum quenches is discussed
Dynamic Range in the C.elegans Brain Network

We study external, electrical perturbations and their responses in the brain
dynamic network of the \textit{Caenorhabditis elegans} soil worm, given by the
connectome of its large somatic nervous system. Our analysis is inspired by a
realistic experiment where one stimulates externally specific parts of the
brain and studies the persistent neural activity triggered in other cortical
regions. In this work, we perturb groups of neurons that form communities,
identified by the walktrap community detection method, by trains of
stereotypical electrical Poissonian impulses and study the propagation of
neural activity to other communities by measuring the corresponding dynamic
ranges and Steven law exponents. We show that when one perturbs specific
communities, keeping the rest unperturbed, the external stimulations are able
to propagate to some of them but not to all. There are also perturbations that
do not trigger any response. We found that this depends on the initially
perturbed community. Finally, we relate our findings for the former cases with
low neural synchronization, self-criticality and large information flow
capacity, and interpret them as the ability of the brain network to respond to
external perturbations when it works at criticality and its information flow
capacity becomes maximal.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Chaos: An
  Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Scienc
Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to ${pK^0_S}$ and
  ${\bar{p}K^0_S}$ in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

A search for a narrow baryonic state in the $pK^0_S$ and $\bar{p}K^0_S$
system has been performed in $ep$ collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector
using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb$^{-1}$ taken in 2003-2007. The search
was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an $ep$ centre-of-mass
energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, $Q^2$, between 20 and 100
$\rm{} GeV^{2}$. Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52
GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb$^{-1}$ taken in
1996-2000, no resonance peak was found in the $p(\bar{p})K^0_S$ invariant-mass
distribution in the range 1.45-1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross
section are set.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Lett. B. Minor changes from
  journal reviewing process, including a small correction to figure
Backflash light characterization to prevent QKD zero-error hacking

Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are the most commercially diffused
solution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution (QKD)
applications. However, the secondary photon emission, arising from the
avalanche of charge carriers during a photon detection, may be exploited by an
eavesdropper to gain information without forcing errors in the transmission
key. In this paper, we characterise such backflash light in gated InGaAs/InP
SPADs, and its spectral and temporal characterization for different detector
models and different operating parameters. We qualitatively bound the maximum
information leakage due to backflash light, and propose a solution
On horizontal Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg and
  $p$-sub-Laplacian inequalities on stratified groups

In this paper, we present a version of horizontal weighted Hardy-Rellich type
and Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type inequalities on stratified groups and study
some of their consequences. Our results reflect on many results previously
known in special cases. Moreover, a new simple proof of the Badiale-Tarantello
conjecture [2] on the best constant of a Hardy type inequality is provided. We
also show a family of Poincar\'e inequalities as well as inequalities involving
the weighted and unweighted $p$-sub-Laplacians.Comment: 20 page
Adults'Education and Agricultural Innovation: A Social Learning Approach

Social learning processes can be the basis of a method of agricultural innovation that involves expert and empirical knowledge. In this sense, the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and sustainability of an innovation process, understood as social learning, in a group of small farmers in the southern highlands of Peru. Innovative proposals and its permanence three years after the process finished were evaluated. It was observed that innovation processes generated are maintained over time; however, new innovations are not subsequently generated. We conclude that adult learning processes and innovation based on social learning are more effective and sustainable; however, the farmers internalization in innovation processes is given longer term
Measuring Health Spillovers for Economic Evaluation: A Case Study in Meningitis

The health of carers and others close to the patient will often be relevant to economic evaluation, but it is very rarely considered in practice. This may reflect a lack of understanding of how the spillover effect of illness can be appropriately quantified. In this study we used three different approaches to quantify health spillovers resulting from meningitis. We conducted a survey of 1218 family networks affected by meningitis and used regression modelling to estimate spillover effects. The findings show that meningitis had long-term effects on family members' health, particularly affecting the likelihood of family members reporting anxiety and depression. These effects extended beyond a single close family member. These findings suggest that vaccinating against meningitis will bring significant health benefits not just to those that might have contracted the illness but also to their family networks. In methodological terms, different approaches for quantifying health spillovers provided broadly consistent results. The choice of method will be influenced by the ease of collecting primary data from family members in intervention contexts
The significance of land-atmosphere interactions in the Earth system - iLEAPS achievements and perspectives

The integrated Land Ecosystem - Atmosphere Processes Study (iLEAPS) is an international research project focussing on the fundamental processes that link land-atmosphere exchange, climate, the water cycle, and troposheric chemistry. The project, iLEAPS, was established 2004 within the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). During its first decade iLEAPS has proven to be a vital project, well equipped to build a community to address the challenge involved in understanding the  complex Earth system: multidisciplinary, integrative approaches for both observations and modelling. The iLEAPS community has made major advances in process understanding, land-surface modelling, and observation techniques and networks. The modes of iLEAPS  operation include elucidating specific iLEAPS scientific questions through networks of process studies, field campaigns, modelling, long-term integrated field studies, international interdisciplinary mega-campaigns, synthesis studies databases, as well as  conferences on specific scientific questions and synthesis meetings. Another essential component of iEAPS is knowledge transfer and it also encourages community- and policy-related outreach activities associated with the regional integrative projects. \ud
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As a result of its first decade of work, iLEAPS is now setting the agenda for its next phase (2014-2024) under the new international initiative, Future Earth. Human influence has always been an important part of land-atmosphere science but in order to respond to the new challenges of global sustainability, closer ties with social science and economics groups will be necessary to produce realistic  estimates of land use and anthropogenic emissions by analysing future population increase, migration patterns, food production  allocation, land management practices, energy production, industrial development, and urbanization
On a Kinetic Fitzhugh–Nagumo Model of Neuronal Network

International audienceWe investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions of a McKean-Vlasov evolution PDE representing the macroscopic behaviour of interacting Fitzhugh-Nagumo neurons. This equation is hypoelliptic , nonlocal and has unbounded coefficients. We prove existence of a solution to the evolution equation and non trivial stationary solutions. Moreover , we demonstrate uniqueness of the stationary solution in the weakly nonlinear regime. Eventually , using a semi-group factorisation method , we show exponential nonlinear stability in the small connectivity regime
A role for ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling in the hierarchical cooperativity between noninteracting transcription factors

This manuscript is an extended version, including an updated bibliography, of the article: Hierarchical cooperativity mediated by chromatin remodeling; the model of the MMTV transcription regulation. Michel, D. 2011. J. Theor. Biol. 287, 74-81International audienceChromatin remodeling machineries are abundant and diverse in eukaryotic cells. They have been involved in a variety of situations such as histone exchange and DNA repair, but their importance in gene expression remains unclear. Although the influence of nucleosome position on the regulation of gene expression is generally envisioned under the quasi-equilibrium perspective, it is proposed that given the ATP-dependence of chro-matin remodeling enzymes, certain mechanisms necessitate non-equilibrium treatments. Examination of the celebrated chromatin remodeling system of the mouse mammary tumor virus, in which the binding of transcription factors opens the way to other ones, reveals that breaking equilibrium offers a subtle mode of transcription factor cooperativity, avoids molecular trapping phenomena and allows to reconcile previously conflicting experimental data. This mechanism provides a control lever of promoter responsiveness to transcription factor combinations, challenging the classical view of the unilateral influence of pioneer on secondary transcription factors
ReaderBench – Automated Evaluation of Collaboration based on Cohesion and Dialogism Learning

International audienceAs Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) gains a broader usage, the need for automated tools capable of supporting tutors in the time-consuming process of analyzing conversations becomes more pressing. Moreover, collaboration, which presumes the intertwining of ideas or points of view among participants, is a central element of dialogue performed in CSCL environments. Therefore, starting from dialogism and a cohesion-based model of discourse, we propose and validate two computational models for assessing collaboration. The first model is based on a cohesion graph and can be perceived as a longitudinal analysis of the ongoing conversation, thus accounting for collaboration from a social knowledge-building perspective. In the second approach, collaboration is regarded from a dialogical perspective as the intertwining or synergy of voices pertaining to different speakers, therefore enabling a transversal analysis of subsequent discussion slices. Abstract As Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) gains a broader usage, the need for automated tools capable of supporting tutors in the time-consuming process of analyzing conversations becomes more pressing. Moreover, collaboration, which presumes the intertwining of ideas or points of view among participants, is a central element of dialogue performed in CSCL environments. Therefore, starting from dialogism and a cohesion-based model of discourse, we propose and validate two computational models for assessing collaboration. The first model is based on a cohesion graph and can be perceived as a longitudinal analysis of the ongoing conversation, thus accounting for collaboration from a social knowledge-building perspective. In the second approach, collaboration is regarded from a dialogical perspective as the intertwining or synergy of voices pertaining to different speakers, therefore enabling a transversal analysis of subsequent discussion slices
Evaluation and selection of indicators for land degradation and desertification monitoring : types of degradation, causes, and implications for management

International audienceIndicator-based approaches are often used to monitor land degradation and desertification from the global to the very local scale. However, there is still little agreement on which indicators may best reflect both status and trends of these phenomena. In this study, various processes of land degradation and desertification have been analyzed in 17 study sites around the world using a wide set of biophysical and socioeconomic indicators. The database described earlier in this issue by Kosmas and others (Environ Manage, 2013) for defining desertification risk was further analyzed to define the most important indicators related to the following degradation processes: water erosion in various land uses, tillage erosion, soil salinization, water stress, forest fires, and overgrazing.
A witness for coherent electronic oscillations in ultrafast spectroscopy

We report a conceptually straightforward witness that isolates coherent
electronic oscillations from their vibronic counterparts in nonlinear optical
spectra of molecular aggregates: Coherent oscillations as a function of waiting
time in broadband pump/broadband probe spectra correspond to coherent
electronic oscillations. Oscillations in individual peaks of 2D electronic
spectra do not necessarily yield this conclusion. Our witness is simpler to
implement than quantum process tomography and potentially resolves a
long-standing controversy on the character of oscillations in ultrafast spectra
of photosynthetic light harvesting systems.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, plus Supplementary Information. Work presented by
  the first author on March 1, 2012 at APS, Boston, Session W41, Focus Session
  on Quantum Coherence in Biological System
Eckhaus-like instability of large scale coherent structures in a fully turbulent von Karman flow

International audienceThe notion of instability of a turbulent flow is introduced in the case of a von Kármán flow thanks to the monitoring of the spatio-temporal spectrum of the velocity fluctuations , combined with projection onto suitable Beltrami modes. It is shown that the large scale coherent fluctuations of the flow obey a sequence of Eckhaus instabilities when the Reynolds number Re is varied from 10 2 to 10 6. This sequence results in modulations of increasing azimuthal wavenumber. The basic state is the laminar or time-averaged flow at an arbitrary Re, which is axi-symmetric, i.e., with a 0 azimuthal wavenumber. Increasing Re leads to non-axisymmetric modulations with increasing azimuthal wavenumber from 1 to 3. These modulations are found to rotate in the azimuthal direction. However, no clear rotation frequency can be established until Re ≈ 4 × 10 3. Above, they become periodic with an increasing frequency. We finally show that these modulations are connected with the coherent structures of the mixing shear layer. The implication of these findings for the turbulence parametriza-tion is discussed. Especially, they may explain why simple eddy viscosity models are able to capture complex turbulent flow dynamics
Planck intermediate results: XXVIII. Interstellar gas and dust in the Chamaeleon clouds as seen by Fermi LAT and Planck

The nearby Chamaeleon clouds have been observed in γ rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and in thermal dust emission by Planck and IRAS. Cosmic rays and large dust grains, if smoothly mixed with gas, can jointly serve with the H i and 12CO radio data to (i) map the hydrogen column densities, NH, in the different gas phases, in particular at the dark neutral medium (DNM) transition between the H i-bright and CO-bright media; (ii) constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor, XCO; and (iii) probe the dust properties per gas nucleon in each phase and map their spatial variations across the clouds. We have separated clouds at local, intermediate, and Galactic velocities in H i and 12CO line emission to model in parallel the γ-ray intensity recorded between 0.4 and 100 GeV; the dust optical depth at 353 GHz, τ353; the thermal radiance of the large grains; and an estimate of the dust extinction, AVQ, empirically corrected for the starlight intensity. The dust and γ-ray models have been coupled to account for the DNM gas. The consistent γ-ray emissivity spectra recorded in the different phases confirm that the GeV-TeV cosmic rays probed by the LAT uniformly permeate all gas phases up to the 12CO cores. The dust and cosmic rays both reveal large amounts of DNM gas, with comparable spatial distributions and twice as much mass as in the CO-bright clouds. We give constraints on the H i-DNM-CO transitions for five separate clouds. CO-dark H2 dominates the molecular columns up to AV ≃ 0.9 and its mass often exceeds the one-third of the molecular mass expected by theory. The corrected AVQ extinction largely provides the best fit to the total gas traced by the γ rays. Nevertheless, we find evidence for a marked rise in AVQ/NH with increasing NH and molecular fraction, and with decreasing dust temperature. The rise in τ353/NH is even steeper. We observe variations of lesser amplitude and orderliness for the specific power of the grains, except for a coherent decline by half in the CO cores. This combined information suggests grain evolution. We provide average values for the dust properties per gas nucleon in the different phases. The γ rays and dust radiance yield consistent XCO estimates near 0.7 × 1020 cm-2 K-1 km-1 s. The AVQ and τ353 tracers yield biased values because of the large rise in grain opacity in the CO clouds. These results clarify a recurrent disparity in the γ-ray versus dust calibration of XCO, but they confirm the factor of 2 difference found between the XCO estimates in nearby clouds and in the neighbouring spiral arms
Up, down, strange and charm quark masses with Nf = 2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the up, down, strange and charm quark masses performed using the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical quarks, which include in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and charm quarks with masses close to their physical values. The simulations are based on a unitary setup for the two light quarks and on a mixed action approach for the strange and charm quarks. The analysis uses data at three values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range 210 - 450 MeV, allowing for accurate continuum limit and controlled chiral extrapolation. The quark mass renormalization is carried out non-perturbatively using the RI-MOM method. The results for the quark masses converted to the bar{MS} scheme are: mud(2 GeV) = 3.70(17) MeV, ms(2 GeV) = 99.6(4.3) MeV and mc(mc) = 1.348(46) GeV. We obtain also the quark mass ratios ms/mud = 26.66(32) and mc/ms = 11.62(16). By studying the mass splitting between the neutral and charged kaons and using available lattice results for the electromagnetic contributions, we evaluate mu/md = 0.470(56), leading to mu = 2.36(24) MeV and md = 5.03(26) MeV