pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Microstructure and Texture during Warm Rolling Of a Duplex Steel

The effect of warm rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture in a duplex stainless steel (DSS) was investigated. For this purpose, a DSS steel was warm rolled up to 90 pct reduction in thickness at 498 K, 698 K, and 898 K (225 °C, 425 °C, and 625 °C). The microstructure with an alternate arrangement of deformed ferrite and austenite bands was observed after warm rolling; however, the microstructure after 90 pct warm rolling at 498 K and 898 K (225 °C and 625 °C) was more lamellar and uniform as compared to the rather fragmented and inhomogeneous structure observed after 90 pct warm rolling at 698 K (425 °C). The texture of ferrite in warm-rolled DSS was characterized by the presence of the RD (〈011〉//RD) and ND (〈111〉//ND) fibers. However, the texture of ferrite in DSS warm rolled at 698 K (425 °C) was distinctly different having much higher fraction of the RD-fiber components than that of the ND-fiber components. The texture and microstructural differences in ferrite in DSS warm rolled at different temperatures could be explained by the interaction of carbon atoms with dislocations. In contrast, the austenite in DSS warm rolled at different temperatures consistently showed pure metal- or copper-type deformation texture which was attributed to the increase in stacking fault energy at the warm-rolling temperatures. It was concluded that the evolution of microstructure and texture of the two constituent phases in DSS was greatly affected by the temperature of warm rolling, but not significantly by the presence of the other phas
Dynamic control of the join-queue lengths in saturated fork-join queues.

The analysis of fork-join queueing systems has played an\ud
important role for the performance evaluation of distributed systems\ud
where parallel computations associated with the same job are carried out\ud
and the job is considered served only when all the parallel tasks it consists\ud
of are served and then joined. The fork&join nodes that we consider\ud
consist of K  2 parallel servers each of which is equipped with two FCFS\ud
queues, namely the service-queue and the join-queue. The latter store the\ud
serviced tasks waiting for being joined. This paper addresses the problem\ud
that under independent and exponentially distributed service time, the\ud
process describing the join-queue lengths becomes instable under heavy\ud
load. This is due to the variance of the service time distribution. We\ud
propose a simple mechanism that avoids this problem, show that we can\ud
analytically study a set of relevant performance indices and study by\ud
simulation its robustness
The individual level cost of pregnancy termination in Zambia: a comparison of safe and unsafe abortion

Zambia has one of the most liberal abortion laws in sub-Saharan Africa. However, rates of unsafe abortion remain high with negative health and economic consequences. Little is known about the economic burden on women of abortion care-seeking in low income countries. The majority of studies focus on direct costs (e.g.: hospital fees). This paper estimates the individual-level economic burden of safe and unsafe abortion care-seeking in Zambia, incorporating all indirect and direct costs. It uses data collected in 2013 from a tertiary hospital in Lusaka, (n=112) with women who had an abortion. Three treatment routes are identified: i) safe abortion at the hospital ii) unsafe clandestine medical abortion initiated elsewhere with post-abortion care at the hospital and iii) unsafe abortion initiated elsewhere with post-abortion care at the hospital. Based on these three typologies, we use descriptive analysis and linear regression to estimate the costs for women of seeking safe and unsafe abortion and to establish whether the burden of abortion care-seeking costs is equally distributed across the sample.\ud
\ud
Around 39% of women had an unsafe abortion, incurring substantial economic costs before seeking post-abortion care. Adolescents and poorer women are more likely to use unsafe abortion. Unsafe abortion requiring post-abortion care costs women 27% more than a safe abortion. When accounting for uncertainty this figure increases dramatically. For safe and unsafe abortions, unofficial provider payments represent a major cost to women. This study demonstrates that despite a liberal legislation, Zambia still needs better dissemination of the law to women and providers and resources to ensure abortion service access. The policy implications of this study include: the role of pharmacists and mid-level providers in the provision of medical abortion services; increased access to contraception, especially for adolescents; and, elimination of demands for unofficial provider payments
Assessing the suitability of GlobeLand30 for mapping land cover in Germany

Global land cover (LC) maps have been widely employed as the base layer for a number of applications including climate change, food security, water quality, biodiversity, change detection, and environmental planning. Due to the importance of LC, there is a pressing need to increase the temporal and spatial resolution of global LC maps. A recent advance in this direction has been the GlobeLand30 dataset derived from Landsat imagery, which has been developed by the National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC). Although overall accuracy is greater than 80%, the NGCC would like help in assessing the accuracy of the product in different regions of the world. To assist in this process, this study compares the GlobeLand30 product with existing public and online datasets, that is, CORINE, Urban Atlas (UA), OpenStreetMap, and ATKIS for Germany in order to assess overall and per class agreement. The results of the analysis reveal high agreement of up to 92% between these datasets and GlobeLand30 but that large disagreements for certain classes are evident, in particular wetlands. However, overall, GlobeLand30 is shown to be a useful product for characterizing LC in Germany, and paves the way for further regional and national validation efforts
Absolute total and partial cross sections for ionization of nucleobases by proton impact in the Bragg peak velocity range

We present experimental results for 80 keV proton impact ionization of nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, thymine and uracil) based on an event by event analysis of the different ions produced combined with an absolute target density determination. We are able to disentangle in detail the various proton ionization channels from mass analyzed product ion signals in coincidence with the charge-analyzed projectile. Thus, for the first time, cross sections and fragmentation patterns are compared for direct ionization (with no charge transfer between the target molecule and the projectile) and for single electron capture (with projectile neutralization) in proton-nucleobase collisions. In addition we are able to determine a complete set of cross sections for the ionization of uracil by 20-150 keV proton
Fission time measurements: a new probe into super-heavy element stability

Accepted for publication in Physical Review LettersReaction mechanism analyses performed with a 4 $\pi$ detector for the systems $^{208}$Pb+Ge, $^{238}U+Ni and $^{238}$U+Ge, combined with analyses of the associated reaction time distributions, provide us with evidence for nuclei with Z=120 and 124 living longer than $10^−18$s and arising from highly excited compound nuclei. By contrast, the neutron deficient nuclei with Z=114 possibly formed in $^{208}$Pb+Ge reactions have shorter lifetimes, close to or below the sensitivity limit of the experiment
A new operator splitting algorithm for elastoviscoplastic flow problems

International audienceThis paper presents an efficient time-dependent decoupled approach for the numerical resolution of the highly nonlinear set of coupled partial differential equations appearing in elastoviscoplastic fluid flow problems. The two main nonlinear difficulties, the viscoplasticity and the viscoelasticity, are then solved separately. Numerical simulations suggest an optimal convergence rate with respect to the space discretization. Finally, numerical results compare well with experimental measurements on liquid foams in a complex geometry. Future works will explore flows of liquid foams for tridimensional geometries where experimental data are available and also compare to flows of others soft glassy materials such as carbopol solutions
Reconstructing Social Interactions Using an unreliable Wireless Sensor Network

International audienceIn the very active field of complex networks, research advances have largely been stimulated by the availability of empirical data and the increase in computational power needed for their analysis. These works have led to the identification of similarities in the structures of such networks arising in very different fields, and to the development of a body of knowledge, tools and methods for their study. While many interesting questions remain open on the subject of static networks, challenging issues arise from the study of dynamic networks. In particular, the measurement, analysis and modeling of social interactions are first class concerns. In this article, we address the challenges of capturing physical proximity and social interaction by means of a wireless network. In particular, as a concrete case study, we exhibit the deployment of a wireless sensor network applied to the measurement of Health Care Workers' exposure to tuberculosis infected patients in a service unit of the Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital in Paris, France. This network has continuously monitored the presence of all HCWs in all rooms of the service during a 3 month period. We both describe the measurement system that was deployed and some early analysis on the measured data. We highlight the bias introduced by the measurement system reliability and provide a reconstruction method which not only leads to a significantly more coherent and realistic dataset but also evidences phe- nomena a priori hidden in the raw data. By this analysis, we suggest that a processing step is required prior to any adequate exploitation of data gathered thanks to a non-fully reliable measurement architecture
Effects of the selective neurotensin antagonist SR 142948A on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced behaviours in mice.

International audienceNeurotensin is one of the genes previously found up-regulated in mice striatum after acute injection of MDMA (9mg/kg). In order to examine the pharmacological significance of this effect, the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in MDMA-induced behaviors was explored in mice using the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR142948A (1mg/kg). We found that acute administration of the antagonist inhibited the MDMA-elicited locomotor activity. SR142948A pre-treatment had no effect on the acquisition of conditioned place preference (CPP) to MDMA but abolished the expression of this behavior. We also studied the effects of acute and repeated exposure to MDMA on the mRNA level of neurotensin in mice striatum. Kinetic analysis of the regulation 1, 2, 6 and 12h after acute injection of MDMA showed that the drug transiently up-regulates neurotensin mRNA in this structure. The time course of the modulation suggests that the effects observed with SR142948A are attributable to the release of a preexisting endogenous pool rather than the newly synthesized peptide. Repeated exposure to MDMA following the same injection pattern used in the CPP paradigm revealed an increase in mRNA level of neurotensin in mice striatum. These results indicate that endogenous neurotensin plays a role in both the acute locomotor activity and the expression of CPP induced by MDMA
Convolution lambda-bar-mu-calculus

International audienceWe define an extension of Herbelin's lambda-bar-mu-calculus, introducing a product operation on contexts (in the sense of lists of arguments, or stacks in environment machines), similar to the convolution product of distributions. This is the computational couterpart of some new semantical constructions, extending models of Ehrhard-Regnier's differential interaction nets, along the lines of Laurent's polarization of linear logic. We demonstrate this correspondence by providing this calculus with a denotational semantics inside a lambda-model in the category of sets and relations
Lost in Transition: Ordeals of Passage of Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon

International audienceWorking on the practices of mobility of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon, the research showed up the recurrence and, seemingly, the social importance given to the numerous situations of crossing borders and boundaries that the refugees have to go through. In these moments, some forms of specific social exchange take place in the folds (plis/replis/ creux) of mobilities. This research labels them transactions: the term contains the two main elements that define the situation: transition (passages) and interaction (social exchanges). Starting with refugees from the Palestinian Nahr al-Bered camp in Lebanon, it describes experiences of passage ranging from the local to the transnational scales
The Foundations of Justice in Jules Dupuit's Thought

22 pagesInternational audienceThe ongoing interpretation of Dupuit's conflict with the French liberal school on the question of justice consists of a simple opposition between public utility and natural rights. This paper aims to show that Dupuit's position is far more complex: justice is based on welfare - and thus on public utility - although natural rights are not excluded from his scheme. An understanding of Dupuit's concept requires a clarification of the differences between three notions - public interest, welfare and public utility - and, by the same token, of the factors linking each notion to the others
Compensatory strategy in face processing : a case study of a prosopagnosic patient

International audienceWe report data on the processing of facial emotion in a prosopagnosic patient (H.J.A.). H.J.A. was relatively accurate at discriminating happy from angry upright faces. but he performed at chance when the faces were inverted. Furthermore, with upright faces there was no configural interference effect on emotion judgements. when face parts expressing different emotions were aligned to express a new emergent emotion. We propose that H.J.A.'s emotion judgements relied on local rather than on configural information, and this local information was disrupted by inversion. A compensatory strategy, based on processing local face parts, can be sufficient to process at least some facial emotion
Attitude toward imprecise information

International audienceThis paper presents an axiomatic model of decision making under uncertainty which incorporates objective but imprecise information. Information is assumed to take the form of a probability-possibility set, that is, a set $P$ of probability measures on the state space. The decision maker is told that the true probability law lies in $P$ and is assumed to rank pairs of the form $(P,f) $ where $f$ is an act mapping states into outcomes. The key representation result delivers maxmin expected utility where the min operator ranges over a set of probability priors --just as in the maxmin expected utility (MEU) representation result of \cite{GILB/SCHM/89}. However, unlike the MEU representation, the representation here also delivers a mapping, $\varphi$, which links the probability-possibility set, describing the available information, to the set of revealed priors. The mapping $\varphi$ is shown to represent the decision maker's attitude to imprecise information: under our axioms, the set of representation priors is constituted as a selection from the probability-possibility set. This allows both expected utility when the selected set is a singleton and extreme pessimism when the selected set is the same as the probability-possibility set, i.e. , $\varphi$ is the identity mapping. We define a notion of comparative imprecision aversion and show it is characterized by inclusion of the sets of revealed probability distributions, irrespective of the utility functions that capture risk attitude. We also identify an explicit attitude toward imprecision that underlies usual hedging axioms. Finally, we characterize, under extra axioms, a more specific functional form, in which the set of selected probability distributions is obtained by (i) solving for the ``mean value'' of the probability-possibility set, and (ii) shrinking the probability-possibility set toward the mean value to a degree determined by preferences
On the vertices of the k-additive core

International audienceThe core of a game v on N, which is the set of additive games φ dominating v such that φ(N)=v(N), is a central notion in cooperative game theory, decision making and in combinatorics, where it is related to submodular functions, matroids and the greedy algorithm. In many cases however, the core is empty, and alternative solutions have to be found. We define the k-additive core by replacing additive games by k-additive games in the definition of the core, where k-additive games are those games whose Möbius transform vanishes for subsets of more than k elements. For a sufficiently high value of k, the k-additive core is nonempty, and is a convex closed polyhedron. Our aim is to establish results similar to the classical results of Shapley and Ichiishi on the core of convex games (corresponds to Edmonds' theorem for the greedy algorithm), which characterize the vertices of the core
Has evidence-based medicine left quackery behind?

International audienceEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is generally considered as the most complete paradigm in the practice of clinical medicine. Its application should preclude all kinds of quackery. Therapeutic reformers of the second half of the twentieth century have convinced the medical community that the double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) versus placebo is the gold standard in clinical research to establish evidence of treatment usefulness. Nevertheless, this paradigm ignores the importance of non-specific effects in the healing process and can generate misrepresentations. Additionally, because of methodological limitations, RCTs as they are used in practice can give rise to new forms of quackery by promoting drugs that are not useful for the patients who actually receive them, or are so expensive that their value is open to criticism. This is precisely the case when surrogate outcomes, with questionable clinical significance, are used. These can divert attention from clinically relevant outcomes, such as safety issues that are probably the core of treatment evaluation. The boundaries between quackery and EBM that clinicians are faced with are not so clear-cut. There is a need for doctors to acknowledge their share in quackery and to be continually conscious of the possible pitfalls of their therapeutic practice
Multivariate Prediction of Total Water Storage Changes Over West Africa from Multi-Satellite Data

International audienceWest African countries have been exposed to changes in rainfall patterns over the last decades, including a significant negative trend. This causes adverse effects on water resources of the region, for instance, reduced freshwater availability. Assessing and predicting large-scale total water storage (TWS) variations are necessary for West Africa, due to its environmental, social, and economical impacts. Hydrological models, however, may perform poorly over West Africa due to data scarcity. This study describes a new statistical, data-driven approach for predicting West African TWS changes from (past) gravity data obtained from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE), and (concurrent) rainfall data from the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) and sea surface temperature (SST) data over the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. The proposed method, therefore, capitalizes on the availability of remotely sensed observations for predicting monthly TWS, a quantity which is hard to observe in the field but important for measuring regional energy balance, as well as for agricultural, and water resource management. Major teleconnections within these data sets were identified using independent component analysis and linked via low-degree autoregressive models to build a predictive framework. After a learning phase of 72 months, our approach predicted TWS from rainfall and SST data alone that fitted to the observed GRACE-TWS better than that from a global hydrological model. Our results indicated a fit of 79 % and 67 % for the first-year prediction of the two dominant annual and inter-annual modes of TWS variations. This fit reduces to 62 % and 57 % for the second year of projection. The proposed approach, therefore, represents strong potential to predict the TWS over West Africa up to 2 years. It also has the potential to bridge the present GRACE data gaps of 1 month about each 162 days as well as a--hopefully--limited gap between GRACE and the GRACE follow-on mission over West Africa. The method presented could also be used to generate a near-real-time GRACE forecast over the regions that exhibit strong teleconnections
Submarine paleoseismology of the northern Hikurangi subduction margin of New Zealand as deduced from Turbidite record since 16 ka

International audiencePaleoseismic studies seek to characterise the signature of pre-historical earthquakes by deriving quantitative information from the geological record such as the source, magnitude and recurrence of moderate to large earthquakes. In this study, we provide a w16,000 yr-long paleo-earthquake record of the 200 km-long northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand, using cm-thick deep-sea turbidites identified in sediment cores. Cores were collected in strategic locations across the margin within three distinct morphological re-entrants e the Poverty, Ruatoria and Matakaoa re-entrants. The turbidite facies vary from muddy to sandy with evidence for rare hyperpycnites interbedded with hemipelagites and tephra. We use the Oxal probabilistic software to model the age of each turbidite, using the sedimentation rate of hemipelagite deduced from well-dated tephra layers and radiocarbon ages measurements on planktonic foraminifera. Turbidites are correlated from one core to the other using similarity in sedimentary facies, petrophysical properties and ages. Results show that 46 turbidites are synchronous along the entire margin. Amongst them 41 are interpreted as originating from the upper continental slope in response to earthquake-triggered slope failures between 390 170 to 16,450 310 yr BP. Using well-established empirical relationships that combine peak ground acceleration, magnitude and location of earthquakes, we calculate that synchronous slope failures were triggered by the rupture of 3 of the 26 known active faults in the region, each capable of generating Mw 7.3 to 8.4 earthquakes e two are crustal reverse faults and one is the subduction interface. The 41 Mw 7.3 earthquakes occurred at an average recurrence interval of w400 yr over the last w16,000 yr. Among them, twenty are interpreted as subduction interface earthquakes that occurred at an average recurrence interval of w800 yr, with alternating periods of high activity and low return times (305e610 yr) and quiescence periods with high return times (1480e2650 yr). Based on turbidite paleoseismology, we propose that subduction interface earthquakes were of lower magnitude during active periods (Mw > 7.5) than during quiescence periods (Mw 8.2)