pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Association of open-angle glaucoma loci with incident glaucoma in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/\ud
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You may distribute and copy the article, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations or derivative works of or from an article (such as a translation), to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), to text or data mine the article, including for commercial purposes without permission from Elsevier. The original work must always be appropriately credited.PURPOSE:\ud
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To determine if open-angle glaucoma (OAG)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with incident glaucoma and if such genetic information is useful in OAG risk prediction.\ud
DESIGN:\ud
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Case-control from within a population-based longitudinal study.\ud
METHODS:\ud
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study population: Individuals aged over 49 years of age living in the Blue Mountains region west of Sydney and enrolled in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. observation: Cases for this sub-study (n = 67) developed incident OAG between baseline and 10-year visits, in either eye, while controls (n = 1919) had no evidence for OAG at any visit. All participants had an ocular examination and DNA genotyped for reported OAG risk SNPs. main outcome measure: Incident OAG.\ud
RESULTS:\ud
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Two loci also known to be associated with cup-to-disc ratio as well as OAG (9p21 near CDKN2B-AS1 and SIX1/SIX6) were both significantly associated with incident OAG in the Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort (P = .006 and P = .004, respectively). The TMCO1 locus was nominally associated (P = .012), while the CAV1/CAV2 and 8q22 loci were not associated. Multivariate logistic regression and neural network analysis both indicated that the genetic risk factors contributed positively to the predictive models incorporating traditional risk factors.\ud
CONCLUSIONS:\ud
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This study shows that previously reported genetic variations related to OAG and cup-to-disc ratio are associated with the onset of OAG and thus may become useful in risk prediction algorithms designed to target early treatment to those most at risk of developing glaucoma
Tourism trends in the world's main destinations before and after the 2008 financial crisis using UNWTO official data

The first decade of the present century has been characterized by several economic shocks such as the 2008 financial crisis. In this data article we present the annual percentage growth rates of the main tourism indicators in the world׳s top tourist destinations: the United States, China, France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Germany, Turkey, Mexico and Austria. We use data from the Compendium of Tourism Statistics provided by the World Tourism Organization (http://www2.unwto.org/content/data-0). It has been demonstrated that the dynamics of growth in the tourism industry pose different challenges to each destination in the previous study "Positioning and clustering of the world׳s top tourist destinations by means of dimensionality reduction techniques for categorical data" (Claveria and Poluzzi, 2016, [1]). We provide a descriptive analysis of the variables over the period comprised between 2000 and 2010. We complement the analysis by graphing the evolution of the main variables so as to visually represent the co-movements between tourism variables and economic growth
The complex structures of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermocellum and Desulfotalea psychrophila support a new active site locking mechanism

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) catalyzes the oxidative NAD(P)+
-dependent decarboxylation of isocitrate
into a-ketoglutarate and CO2 and is present in organisms spanning the biological range of temperature.
We have solved two crystal structures of the thermophilic Clostridium thermocellum IDH
(CtIDH), a native open apo CtIDH to 2.35 Å and a quaternary complex of CtIDH with NADP+
, isocitrate
and Mg2+ to 2.5 Å. To compare to these a quaternary complex structure of the psychrophilic Desulfotalea
psychrophila IDH (DpIDH) was also resolved to 1.93 Å. CtIDH and DpIDH showed similar global
thermal stabilities with melting temperatures of 67.9 and 66.9 C, respectively. CtIDH represents
a typical thermophilic enzyme, with a large number of ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds per
residue combined with stabilization of the N and C termini. CtIDH had a higher activity temperature
optimum, and showed greater affinity for the substrates with an active site that was less thermolabile
compared to DpIDH. The uncompensated negative surface charge and the enlarged methionine
cluster in the hinge region both of which are important for cold activity in DpIDH, were absent in
CtIDH. These structural comparisons revealed that prokaryotic IDHs in subfamily II have a unique
locking mechanism involving Arg310, Asp2510 and Arg255 (CtIDH). These interactions lock the large
domain to the small domain and direct NADP+ into the correct orientation, which together are
important for NADP+ selectivity
Lie-algebra expansions, Chern-Simons theories and the Einstein-Hilbert lagrangian

Starting from gravity as a Chern-Simons action for the AdS algebra in five dimensions, it is possible to deform the theory through an expansion of the Lie algebra that leads to a system consisting of the Einstein-Hilbert action plus nonminimally coupled matter. The deformed system is gauge invariant under the Poincare group enlarged by an Abelian ideal. Although the resulting action naively looks like General Relativity plus corrections due to matter sources, it is shown that the nonminimal couplings produce a radical departure from GR. Indeed, the dynamics is not continuously connected to the one obtained from Einstein-Hilbert action. In a matter-free configuration and in the torsionless sector, the field equations are too strong a restriction on the geometry as the metric must satisfy both the Einstein and pure Gauss-Bonnet equations. In particular, the five-dimensional Schwarzschild geometry fails to be a solution; however, configurations corresponding to a brane-world with positive cosmological constant on the worldsheet are admissible when one of the matter fields is switched on. These results can be extended to higher odd dimensions
Search for direct chargino production in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking models based on a disappearing-track signature in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for direct chargino production in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios is performed in p p collisions at root s = 7 TeV using 4.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In these models, the lightest chargino is predicted to have a lifetime long enough to be detected in the tracking detectors of collider experiments. This analysis explores such models by searching for chargino decays that result in tracks with few associated hits in the outer region of the tracking system. The transverse-momentum spectrum of candidate tracks is found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model background processes and constraints on chargino properties are obtained
Interaction of Vortices in Weakly Viscous Planar Flows

International audienceWe consider the inviscid limit for the two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation in the particular case where the initial flow is a finite collection of point vortices. We suppose that the initial positions and the circulations of the vortices do not depend on the viscosity parameter ν, and we choose a time T > 0 such that the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff point vortex system is well-posed on the interval [0, T ]. Under these assumptions, we prove that the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation converges, as ν → 0, to a superposition of Lamb-Oseen vortices whose centers evolve according to a viscous regularization of the point vortex system. Convergence holds uniformly in time, in a strong topology which allows us to give an accurate description of the asymptotic profile of each individual vortex. In particular, we compute to leading order the deformations of the vortices due to mutual interactions. This makes it possible to estimate the self-interactions, which play an important role in the convergence proof
Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of value a corporate guide to voluntary climate action

This is the originally published version of the article, as published by the publisher Elsevier. Paid Open Access in a hybrid journal.How much must I reduce my greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions if I want to do my fair share to contribute towards the global effort to keep global warming below a 2 °C rise in average temperature over preindustrial times? This paper suggests an answer for nations and corporations that want to move ahead of legislation on a voluntary basis.

If all nations reduce their “GHG emissions per unit of GDP” by 5% per year, global GHG emissions will be 50% lower in 2050 than in 2010 as long as the global economy continues to grow at its historical rate of 3.5% per year. The suggested 5% per year decline can be translated into a corporate resolution to reduce corporate “GHG emissions per unit of value added” (GEVA) by 5% per year.

If all corporations cut their GEVA by 5% per year, the same global result will be achieved. The suggested 5% per year decline can be used as a guideline for responsible action on a voluntary basis. The guideline is unlikely to be made mandatory soon, but compulsory publication of the necessary emissions and productivity data by nations and corporations could help civil society highlight top performers
The stress hormone corticosterone in a marine top predator reflects short-term changes in food availability

-In many seabird studies, single annual proxies of prey abundance have been
used to explain variability in breeding performance, but much more important
is probably the timing of prey availability relative to the breeding season when
energy demand is at a maximum. Until now, intraseasonal variation in prey
availability has been difficult to quantify in seabirds. Using a state-of-the-art
ocean drift model of larval cod Gadus morhua, an important constituent of the
diet of common guillemots Uria aalge in the southwestern Barents Sea, we were
able to show clear, short-term correlations between food availability and measurements
of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in parental guillemots
over a 3-year period (2009–2011). The model allowed the extraction of abundance
and size of cod larvae with very high spatial (4 km) and temporal resolutions
(1 day) and showed that cod larvae from adjacent northern spawning
grounds in Norway were always available near the guillemot breeding colony
while those from more distant southerly spawning grounds were less frequent,
but larger. The latter arrived in waves whose magnitude and timing, and thus
overlap with the guillemot breeding season, varied between years. CORT levels
in adult guillemots were lower in birds caught after a week with high frequencies
of southern cod larvae. This pattern was restricted to the two years (2009
and 2010) in which southern larvae arrived before the end of the guillemot
breeding season. Any such pattern was masked in 2011 by already exceptionally
high numbers of cod larvae in the region throughout chick-rearing period. The
findings suggest that CORT levels in breeding birds increase when the arrival of
southern sizable larvae does not match the period of peak energy requirements
during breeding.
Common guillemot, CORT, food availability,
seabird, Uria aalg
A new form of governing equations of fluids arising from Hamilton's principle

28 pagesInternational audienceA new form of governing equations is derived from Hamilton's principle of least action for a constrained Lagrangian, depending on conserved quantities and their derivatives with respect to the time-space. This form yields conservation laws both for non-dispersive case (Lagrangian depends only on conserved quantities) and dispersive case (Lagrangian depends also on their derivatives). For non-dispersive case the set of conservation laws allows to rewrite the governing equations in the symmetric form of Godunov-Friedrichs-Lax. The linear stability of equilibrium states for potential motions is also studied. In particular, the dispersion relation is obtained in terms of Hermitian matrices both for non-dispersive and dispersive case. Some new results are extended to the two-fluid non-dispersive case
Green Nanochemistry:Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Porous Thin Films from Bare Metal Powders

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A universal, simple, robust, widely applicable and cost-effective aqueous process is described for a controlled oxidative dissolution process of micrometer-sized metal powders to form high-purity aqueous dispersions of colloidally stable 3-8 nm metal oxide nanoparticles. Their utilization for making single and multilayer optically transparent high-surface-area nanoporous films is demonstrated. This facile synthesis is anticipated to find numerous applications in materials science, engineering, and nanomedicine. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Near-IR Absorbing BODIPY Derivates as Glutathione-Activated Photosensitizers for Selective Photodynamic Action

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Enhanced spatiotemporal selectivity in photonic sensitization of dissolved molecular oxygen is an important target for improving the potential and the practical applications of photodynamic therapy. Considering the high intracellular glutathione concentrations within cancer cells, a series of BODIPY-based sensitizers that can generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen only after glutathione-mediated cleavage of the electron-sink module were designed and synthesized. Cell culture studies not only validate our design, but also suggest an additional role for the relatively hydrophobic quencher module in the internalization of the photosensitizer
Study of Z production in PbPb and pp collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 2.76 TeV in the dimuon and dielectron decay channels

The production of Z bosons is studied in the dimuon and dielectron decay channels in PbPb and pp collisions at sNN−−−−√=2.76 TeV, using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The PbPb data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 166 μb−1, while the pp data sample collected in 2013 at the same nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy has an integrated luminosity of 5.4 pb−1. The Z boson yield is measured as a function of rapidity, transverse momentum, and collision centrality. The ratio of PbPb to pp yields, scaled by the number of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions, is found to be 1.06 ± 0.05 (stat) ± 0.08 (syst) in the dimuon channel and 1.02 ± 0.08 (stat) ± 0.15 (syst) in the dielectron channel, for centrality-integrated Z boson production. This binary collision scaling is seen to hold in the entire kinematic region studied, as expected for a colourless probe that is unaffected by the hot and dense QCD medium produced in heavy ion collisions
Measurement of the centrality dependence of J/Ψ yields and observation of Z production in lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Artículo escrito por muchos autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración y los autores que firman como pertenecientes a la UAMUsing the ATLAS detector, a centrality-dependent suppression has been observed in the yield of J/ψ mesons produced in the collisions of lead ions at the Large Hadron Collider. In a sample of minimumbias lead–lead collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre of mass energy √ sNN = 2.76 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 6.7 μb−1, J/ψ mesons are reconstructed via their decays to μ+μ− pairs. The measured J/ψ yield, normalized to the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions, is found to significantly decrease from peripheral to central collisions. The centrality dependence is found to be qualitatively similar to the trends observed at previous, lower energy experiments. The same sample is used to reconstruct Z bosons in the μ+μ− final state, and a total of 38 candidates are selected in the mass window of 66 to 116 GeV. The relative Z yields as a function of centrality are also presented, although no conclusion can be inferred about their scaling with the number of binary collisions, because of limited statistics. This analysis provides the first results on J/ψ and Z production in lead–lead collisions at the LHCWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3– CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwid
Effective computability of solutions of ordinary differential equations: the thousand monkeys approach

In this note we consider the computability of the solution of the initial-
value problem for ordinary di erential equations with continuous right-
hand side. We present algorithms for the computation of the solution
using the \thousand monkeys" approach, in which we generate all possi-
ble solution tubes, and then check which are valid. In this way, we show
that the solution of a di erential equation de ned by a locally Lipschitz
function is computable even if the function is not e ectively locally Lips-
chitz. We also recover a result of Ruohonen, in which it is shown that if
the solution is unique, then it is computable, even if the right-hand side is
not locally Lipschitz. We also prove that the maximal interval of existence
for the solution must be e ectively enumerable open, and give an example
of a computable locally Lipschitz function which is not e ectively locally
Lipschitz
Pulsed electron beam annealing of phosphorus-implanted CuInS2

[[abstract]]Pulsed electron beam annealing of phosphorus-implanted CuInS2 has been found to be an efficient method in p-type doping of CuInS2. A sheet resistance as low as 10.1 π/□, a sheet carrier concentration as high as 2.6×1016 cm−2, and a hole mobility as high as 499 cm2/V s have been obtained. The irradiation energy density for the best doping condition was determined to be in the range ~11–13 J/cm2. Using Van der Pauw/Hall technique in conjunction with a chemical etching technique, effective carrier concentration profiles have been determined with a maximum carrier concentration of 9×1019 cm−3. Excellent p-n CuInS2 homojunctions have been fabricated by electron beam pulse annealing with an ideality factor of 1.75.[[fileno]]2010122010037[[department]]物理
A search for flavour changing neutral currents in top-quark decays in pp collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at √s = 7 TeV

A search for flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) processes in top-quark decays by the ATLAS Collaboration is presented. Data collected from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV during 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb(-1), were used. A search was performed for top-quark pair-production events, with one top quark decaying through the t -> Zq FCNC (q = u, c) channel, and the other through the Standard Model dominant mode t -> Wb. Only the decays of the Z boson to charged leptons and leptonic W-boson decays were considered as signal. Consequently, the final-state topology is characterised by the presence of three isolated charged leptons, at least two jets and missing transverse momentum from the undetected neutrino. No evidence for an FCNC signal was found. An upper limit on the t -> Zq branching ratio of BR(t -> Zq) < 0.73% is set at the 95% confidence level
Stability of the graviton Bose-Einstein condensate in the brane-world

We consider a solution of the effective four-dimensional Einstein equations,
obtained from the general relativistic Schwarzschild metric through the
principle of Minimal Geometric Deformation (MGD). Since the brane tension can,
in general, introduce new singularities on a relativistic E\"otv\"os brane
model in the MGD framework, we require the absence of observed singularities,
in order to constrain the brane tension. We then study the corresponding
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) gravitational system and determine the critical
stability region of BEC MGD stellar configurations. Finally, the critical
stellar densities are shown to be related with critical points of the
information entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Momentum conserving defects in affine Toda field theories

Type II integrable defects with more than one degree of freedom at the defect
are investigated. A condition on the form of the Lagrangian for such defects is
found which ensures the existence of a conserved momentum in the presence of
the defect. In addition it is shown that for any Lagrangian satisfying this
condition, the defect equations of motion, when taken to hold everywhere, can
be extended to give a B\"{a}cklund transformation between the bulk theories on
either side of the defect. This strongly suggests that such systems are
integrable. Momentum conserving defects and B\"{a}cklund transformations for
affine Toda field theories based on the $A_n$, $B_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ series of
Lie algebras are found. The defect associated with the $D_4$ affine Toda field
theory is examined in more detail. In particular classical time delays for
solitons passing through the defect are calculated.Comment: 26 pages, typos corrected and a reference remove
The multisensory function of the human primary visual cortex

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. It has been nearly 10 years since Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) proposed that the neocortex is essentially multisensory in nature. However, it is only recently that sufficient and hard evidence that supports this proposal has accrued. We review evidence that activity within the human primary visual cortex plays an active role in multisensory processes and directly impacts behavioural outcome. This evidence emerges from a full pallet of human brain imaging and brain mapping methods with which multisensory processes are quantitatively assessed by taking advantage of particular strengths of each technique as well as advances in signal analyses. Several general conclusions about multisensory processes in primary visual cortex of humans are supported relatively solidly. First, haemodynamic methods (fMRI/PET) show that there is both convergence and integration occurring within primary visual cortex. Second, primary visual cortex is involved in multisensory processes during early post-stimulus stages (as revealed by EEG/ERP/ERFs as well as TMS). Third, multisensory effects in primary visual cortex directly impact behaviour and perception, as revealed by correlational (EEG/ERPs/ERFs) as well as more causal measures (TMS/tACS). While the provocative claim of Ghazanfar and Schroeder (2006) that the whole of neocortex is multisensory in function has yet to be demonstrated, this can now be considered established in the case of the human primary visual cortex