pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Measurement of four-jet differential cross sections in √s=8  TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector

Differential cross sections for the production of at least four jets have been measured in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV at the Large Hadron Collider using the ATLAS detector. Events are selected if the four anti-k t   R=0.4 jets with the largest transverse momentum (p T ) within the rapidity range |y|<2.8  are well separated (dR min 4j >0.65 ), all have p T >64  GeV, and include at least one jet with p T >100  GeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹. The cross sections, corrected for detector effects, are compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order calculations as a function of the jet momenta, invariant masses, minimum and maximum opening angles and other kinematic variables
Measurement of W ± and Z-boson production cross sections in pp  collisions at √s=13  TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the W ± →ℓ ± ν  and Z→ℓ + ℓ −   production cross sections (where ℓ ± =e ± ,μ ±  ) in proton-proton collisions at √s=13  TeV are presented using data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 81 pb −1   The total inclusive W ±  -boson production cross sections times the single-lepton-flavour branching ratios are σ tot W +  =11.83±0.02(stat)±0.32(sys)±0.25(lumi)  nb and σ tot W −  =8.79±0.02(stat)±0.24(sys)±0.18(lumi)  nb for W +   and W −  , respectively. The total inclusive Z -boson production cross section times leptonic branching ratio, within the invariant mass window 66<m ℓℓ <116  GeV, is σ tot Z =1.981±0.007(stat)±0.038(sys)±0.042(lumi)  nb. The W +  , W −  , and Z -boson production cross sections and cross-section ratios within a fiducial region defined by the detector acceptance are also measured. The cross-section ratios benefit from significant cancellation of experimental uncertainties, resulting in σ fid W +  /σ fid W −  =1.295±0.003(stat)±0.010(sys)  and σ fid W ±  /σ fid Z =10.31±0.04(stat)±0.20(sys) . Theoretical predictions, based on calculations accurate to next-to-next-to-leading order for quantum chromodynamics and to next-to-leading order for electroweak processes and which employ different parton distribution function sets, are compared to these measurements
Referral criteria for school-based hearing screening in South Africa : considerations for resource-limited contexts

BACKGROUND : School-based hearing screening is likely to be the first opportunity to identify
childhood hearing loss in South Africa. Criteria for school-based hearing screening requires
balancing the targeted degree of hearing loss while ensuring that referral rates are sufficiently
low for a cost-effective and sustainable programme. The study aim was to investigate
the effect of screening intensity (loudness) levels on the referral rate and to establish
the effect of an immediate rescreen in reducing the referral rate.
METHODS : A within-subject study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1: compared the
referral rate in a counterbalanced sequence at screening levels of 20 dB HL, 25 dB HL and
30 dB HL across 1, 2 and 4 kHz for 135 children. Phase 2: determined the effect of an immediate
rescreen on referral rate for 337 children screened at 25 dB HL. If a further referral
was obtained on rescreen, diagnostic audiometry was subsequently conducted.
RESULTS : Referral rate was reduced to 6.7% from 17% when using 25 dB HL as opposed to
20 dB HL as screening intensity. Referral rate was reduced to 4.4% when employing 30 dB
HL as screening intensity. An immediate rescreen reduced the overall referral rate by more
than one-third. Diagnostic audiometry confirmed that almost half (47%) of the referred
children had a hearing loss.
CONCLUSION : A screening intensity of 25 dB HL andimmediate rescreen reduces the referral rate
significantly and will limit the burden of the screening programme on health care resources.The National Research
 Foundation (NRF). Open Access funded by The University of Johannesburghttp://ees.elsevier.com/hsag/default.aspam2016Speech-Language Pathology and Audiolog
Evidence for the antiferromagnetic ground state of Zr2TiAl: a first-principles study

A detailed study on the ternary Zr-based intermetallic compound Zr2TiAl has been carried out using first-principles electronic structure calculations. From the total energy calculations, we find an antiferromagnetic L11-like (AFM) phase with alternating (1 1 1) spin-up and spin-down layers to be a stable phase among some others with magnetic moment on Ti being 1.22 ${{\mu}_{\text{B}}}$ . The calculated magnetic exchange interaction parameters of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian and subsequent Heisenberg Monte Carlo simulations confirm that this phase is the magnetic ground structure with Néel temperature between 30 and 100 K. The phonon dispersion relations further confirm the stability of the magnetic phase while the non-magnetic phase is found to have imaginary phonon modes and the same is also found from the calculated elastic constants. The magnetic moment of Ti is found to decrease under pressure eventually driving the system to the non-magnetic phase at around 46 GPa, where the phonon modes are found to be positive indicating stability of the non-magnetic phase. A continuous change in the band structure under compression leads to the corresponding change of the Fermi surface topology and electronic topological transitions (ETT) in both majority and minority spin cases, which are also evident from the calculated elastic constants and density of state calculations for the material under compression
Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractThe ALICE Collaboration has made the first measurement at the LHC of J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV. The J/ψ is identified via its dimuon decay in the forward rapidity region with the muon spectrometer for events where the hadronic activity is required to be minimal. The analysis is based on an event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 55 μb−1. The cross section for coherent J/ψ production in the rapidity interval −3.6<y<−2.6 is measured to be dσJ/ψcoh/dy=1.00±0.18(stat)−0.26+0.24(syst) mb. The result is compared to theoretical models for coherent J/ψ production and found to be in good agreement with those models which include nuclear gluon shadowing
On the colour suppressed decay modes B0→Ds+Ds− and Bs0→D+D−

AbstractWe point out that the decay modes B0→Ds+Ds− and Bs0→D+D− have no factorized contributions. At quark level these decays can only proceed through the annihilation mechanism, which in the factorized limit gives zero amplitude due to current conservation. In this Letter, we identify the dominating non-factorizable (colour suppressed) contributions in terms of two chiral loop contributions and one soft gluon emission contribution. The latter contribution can be calculated in terms of the (lowest dimension) gluon condensate within a recently developed heavy-light chiral quark model. We find branching ratios BR(B0→Ds+Ds−) ≃7×10−5 and BR(B0s→D+D−) ≃1×10−3
Quantum parameter space in super Yang–Mills. II

AbstractIn [F. Ferrari, hep-th/0211069], the author has discussed the quantum parameter space of the N=1 super Yang–Mills theory with one adjoint Higgs field Φ, tree-level superpotential Wtree=mΦ2/2+gΦ3/3, and gauge group U(N). In particular, full details were worked out for U(2) and U(3). By discussing higher rank gauge groups like U(4), for which the classical parameter space has a large number of disconnected components, we show that the phenomena discussed in [F. Ferrari, hep-th/0211069] are generic. It turns out that the quantum space is connected. The classical components are related in the quantum theory either through standard singularities with massless monopoles or by branch cuts without going through any singularity. The branching points associated with the branch cuts correspond to new strong coupling singularities, which are not associated with vanishing cycles in the geometry, and at which glueballs can become massless. The transitions discussed recently by Cachazo, Seiberg, and Witten are special instances of those phenomena
Combined search for anomalous pseudoscalar HVV couplings in VH(H→bb‾) production and H→VV decay

AbstractA search for anomalous pseudoscalar couplings of the Higgs boson H to electroweak vector bosons V (=W or Z) in a sample of proton–proton collision events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.9 fb−1 at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is presented. Events consistent with the topology of associated VH production, where the Higgs boson decays to a pair of bottom quarks and the vector boson decays leptonically, are analyzed. The consistency of data with a potential pseudoscalar contribution to the HVV interaction, expressed by the effective pseudoscalar cross section fractions fa3, is assessed by means of profile likelihood scans. Results are given for the VH channels alone and for a combined analysis of the VH and previously published H→VV channels. Under certain assumptions, fa3ZZ>0.0034 is excluded at 95% confidence level in the combination. Scenarios in which these assumptions are relaxed are also considered
Atypical Cadherins Dachsous and Fat Control Dynamics of Noncentrosomal Microtubules in Planar Cell Polarity

SummaryHow global organ asymmetry and individual cell polarity are connected to each other is a central question in studying planar cell polarity (PCP). In the Drosophila wing, which develops PCP along its proximal-distal (P-D) axis, we previously proposed that the core PCP mediator Frizzled redistributes distally in a microtubule (MT)-dependent manner. Here, we performed organ-wide analysis of MT dynamics by introducing quantitative in vivo imaging. We observed MTs aligning along the P-D axis at the onset of redistribution and a small but significant excess of + ends-distal MTs in the proximal region of the wing. This characteristic alignment and asymmetry of MT growth was controlled by atypical cadherins Dachsous (Ds) and Fat (Ft). Furthermore, the action of Ft was mediated in part by PAR-1. All these data support the idea that the active reorientation of MT growth adjusts cell polarity along the organ axis
The general behavior of NLO unintegrated parton distributions based on the single-scale evolution and the angular ordering constraint

AbstractTo overcome the complexity of generalized two hard scale (kt,μ) evolution equation, well known as the Ciafaloni, Catani, Fiorani and Marchesini (CCFM) evolution equations, and calculate the unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDF), Kimber, Martin and Ryskin (KMR) proposed a procedure based on (i) the inclusion of single-scale (μ) only at the last step of evolution and (ii) the angular ordering constraint (AOC) on the DGLAP terms (the DGLAP collinear approximation), to bring the second scale, kt into the UPDF evolution equations. In this work we intend to use the MSTW2008 (Martin et al.) parton distribution functions (PDF) and try to calculate UPDF for various values of x (the longitudinal fraction of parton momentum), μ (the probe scale) and kt (the parton transverse momentum) to see the general behavior of three-dimensional UPDF at the NLO level up to the LHC working energy scales (μ2). It is shown that there exits some pronounced peaks for the three-dimensional UPDF (fa(x,kt)) with respect to the two variables x and kt at various energies (μ). These peaks get larger and move to larger values of kt, as the energy (μ) is increased. We hope these peaks could be detected in the LHC experiments at CERN and other laboratories in the less exclusive processes
Dietary administration of paraquat for 13weeks does not result in a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6J mice

AbstractSeveral investigations have reported that mice administered paraquat dichloride (PQ·Cl2) by intraperitoneal injection exhibit a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In this study, male and female C57BL/6J mice were administered PQ·Cl2 in the diet at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, and 50ppm for a duration of 13weeks. A separate group of mice were administered 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) during week 12 as positive controls to produce a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc. The comparative effects of PQ and MPTP on the SNpc and/or striatum were assessed using neurochemical, neuropathological, and stereological endpoints. Morphological and stereological assessments were performed by investigators ‘blinded’ to the origin of the tissue. Neither dose of PQ·Cl2 (10 or 50 ppm in the diet) caused a loss of striatal dopamine or dopamine metabolite concentrations in the brains of mice. Pathological assessments of the SNpc and striatum showed no evidence of neuronal degeneration or astrocytic/microglial activation. Furthermore, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) neurons in the SNpc was not reduced in PQ-treated mice. In contrast, MPTP caused a decrease in striatal dopamine concentration, a reduction in TH+ neurons in the SNpc, and significant pathological changes including astrocytic and microglial activation in the striatum and SNpc. The MPTP-induced effects were greater in males than in females. It is concluded that 13weeks of continuous dietary exposure of C57BL/6J mice to 50ppm PQ·Cl2 (equivalent to 10.2 and 15.6mg PQ ion/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively) does not result in the loss of, or damage to, dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc
New measures for estimating surface complementarity and packing at protein–protein interfaces

AbstractA number of methods exist that use different approaches to assess geometric properties like the surface complementarity and atom packing at the protein–protein interface. We have developed two new and conceptually different measures using the Delaunay tessellation and interface slice selection to compute the surface complementarity and atom packing at the protein–protein interface in a straightforward manner. Our measures show a strong correlation among themselves and with other existing measures, and can be calculated in a highly time-efficient manner. The measures are discriminative for evaluating biological, as well as non-biological protein–protein contacts, especially from large protein complexes and large-scale structural studies (http://pallab.serc.iisc.ernet.in/nip_nsc)
mRNAs that specifically interact with eukaryotic ribosomal subunits

AbstractThe accuracy of start codon selection is determined by the translation initiation process. In prokaryotes the initiation step on most mRNAs relies on recruitment of the small ribosomal subunit onto the initiation codon by base pairing between the mRNA and the 16S rRNA. Eukaryotes have evolved a complex molecular machinery involving at least 11 initiation factors, and mRNAs do not directly recruit the small ribosomal subunit. Instead the initiation complex is recruited to the 5′ end of the mRNA through a complex protein network including eIF4E that interacts with the 5′ cap structure and poly-A binding protein that interacts with the 3′end. However, some viral and cellular mRNAs are able to escape this pathway by internal recruitment of one or several components of the translation machinery. Here we review those eukaryotic mRNAs that have been reported to directly recruit the 40S ribosomal subunit internally. In the well characterized cases of viral IRESes, a specific RNA structure is involved in this process, and in addition to recruitment of the ribosome, the mRNA also manipulates the ribosome structure to stimulate the first translocation step. We also review recently described IRES/ribosome interactions in cases where the molecular mechanism leading to translation initiation has yet to be described. Finally we evaluate the possibility that mRNA may recruit the 40S ribosomal subunit through base pairing with the 18S rRNA
Time-dependent fluctuations and particle production in cosmological de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces

AbstractWe study the evolution of time-dependent fluctuations and particle production in an expanding dS and contracting AdS universe. Using the functional Schrödinger formalism we are able to probe the time-dependent regime which is out of the reach of the standard approximations like the Bogolyubov method. In both cases, the evolution of fluctuations is governed by the harmonic oscillator equation with time-dependent frequency. In the case of an expanding dS universe we explicitly show that the frequency of fluctuations produced at a certain moment diminish in time, while the distribution of the created particles quickly approaches the thermal radiation of the dS space. In the case of a contracting AdS universe we show that the frequency of fluctuations produced at a certain moment grow in time. Nominally, the temperature of radiation diverges as the Big Crunch is approaching, however, increasing oscillations of the spectrum make the temperature poorly defined, which is in agreement with the fact that AdS space does not have an event horizon which would cause thermal radiation. Unlimited growth of fluctuations indicates that an eventual tunneling into AdS vacuum would have catastrophic consequences for our universe
Diverse roles of the ubiquitin system in NF-κB activation

AbstractNF-κB is a transcription factor known to be involved in pleomorphic biological phenomena such as inflammation and immune responses. Abnormal activation of NF-κB has been reported in many pathological conditions, including allergic and auto-inflammatory diseases and malignancies. Therefore, the NF-κB activation pathway has been extensively studied and involvement of the ubiquitin conjugation system in the NF-κB activation pathways has been shown. Also non-degradable roles of the ubiquitin system have been revealed, recently. Several types of polyubiquitin chains exist and the type of chain seems to determine how ubiquitinated proteins are regulated. Roles of non-degradable types of polyubiquitin chains such as K63, linear and K11 chains in NF-κB activation is one of the big issues in NF-κB research. Thus, this short article discusses the differential roles of those polyubiquitin chains in NF-κB activation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Ubiquitin–Proteasome System. Guest Editors: Thomas Sommer and Dieter H. Wolf
BRCA1, PARP1 and γH2AX in acute myeloid leukemia: Role as biomarkers of response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib

AbstractOlaparib (AZD-2281, Ku-0059436) is an orally bioavailable and well-tolerated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor currently under investigation in patients with solid tumors. To study the clinical potential of olaparib as a single-agent for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, we analyzed the in vitro sensitivity of AML cell lines and primary blasts. Clinically achievable concentrations of olaparib were able to induce cell death in the majority of primary AML case samples (88%) and tested cell lines. At these concentrations, olaparib preferentially killed leukemic blasts sparing normal lymphocytes derived from the same patient and did not substantially affect the viability of normal bone marrow and CD34-enriched peripheral blood cells obtained from healthy donors. Most primary AML analyzed were characterized by low BRCA1 mRNA level and undetectable protein expression that likely contributed to explain their sensitivity to olaparib. Noteworthy, while PARP1 over-expression was detected in blasts not responsive to olaparib, phosphorylation of the histone H2AFX (γH2AX) was associated with drug sensitivity. As to genetic features of tested cases the highest sensitivity was shown by a patient carrying a 11q23 deletion. The high sensitivity of AML blasts and the identification of biomarkers potentially able to predict response and/or resistance may foster further investigation of olaparib monotherapy for AML patients unfit to conventional chemotherapy
A “Minimal Disruption” Skeleton Experiment: Seamless Map & Reduce Embedding in OCaml

AbstractWe discuss the implementation of a minimalist parallel library in OCaml. The library provides parallel map and fold (reduce) higher order functions and targets standard cache coherent shared memory multi-cores. Our Parmap.parmap and Parmap.parfold functions may be used to seamlessly replace OCaml List map and fold standard functions preserving their full functional semantics while achieving nearly optimal speedup on standard multi-core architectures. We discuss the design of the Parmap module, the main implementation features and we present some experimental results assessing the effciency of the Parmap parallel functions. Overall, Parmap represents a perfect incarnation of the “propagate the concept with minimal disruption” principle introduced in Cole's algorithmic skeleton manifesto
Representable E-Theory for C0(X)-Algebras

AbstractLet X be a locally compact space, and let A and B be C0(X)-algebras. We define the notion of an asymptotic C0(X)-morphism from A to B and construct representable E-theory groups RE(X; A, B). These are the universal groups on the category of separable C0(X)-algebras that are C0(X)-stable, C0(X)-homotopy-invariant, and half-exact. If A is RKK(X)-nuclear, these groups are naturally isomorphic to Kasparov's representable KK-theory groups RKK(X; A, B). Applications and examples are also discussed
Proof of concept: A bioinformatic and serological screening method for identifying new peptide antigens for Chlamydia trachomatis related sequelae in women

AbstractThis study aimed to identify new peptide antigens from Chlamydia (C.) trachomatis in a proof of concept approach which could be used to develop an epitope-based serological diagnostic for C. trachomatis related infertility in women. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted examining several immunodominant proteins from C. trachomatis to identify predicted immunoglobulin epitopes unique to C. trachomatis. A peptide array of these epitopes was screened against participant sera. The participants (all female) were categorized into the following cohorts based on their infection and gynecological history; acute (single treated infection with C. trachomatis), multiple (more than one C. trachomatis infection, all treated), sequelae (PID or tubal infertility with a history of C. trachomatis infection), and infertile (no history of C. trachomatis infection and no detected tubal damage). The bioinformatics strategy identified several promising epitopes. Participants who reacted positively in the peptide 11 ELISA were found to have an increased likelihood of being in the sequelae cohort compared to the infertile cohort with an odds ratio of 16.3 (95% c.i. 1.65–160), with 95% specificity and 46% sensitivity (0.19–0.74). The peptide 11 ELISA has the potential to be further developed as a screening tool for use during the early IVF work up and provides proof of concept that there may be further peptide antigens which could be identified using bioinformatics and screening approaches
Encoding and estimation of first- and second-order binocular disparity in natural images

AbstractThe first stage of processing of binocular information in the visual cortex is performed by mechanisms that are bandpass-tuned for spatial frequency and orientation. Psychophysical and physiological evidence have also demonstrated the existence of second-order mechanisms in binocular processing, which can encode disparities that are not directly accessible to first-order mechanisms. We compared the responses of first- and second-order binocular filters to natural images. We found that the responses of the second-order mechanisms are to some extent correlated with the responses of the first-order mechanisms, and that they can contribute to increasing both the accuracy, and depth range, of binocular stereopsis