pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor subtype beta2 is involved in neuromast development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae

Estrogens are known to play a role in both reproductive and non-reproductive functions in mammals. Estrogens and their receptors are involved in the development of the central nervous system (brain development, neuronal survival and differentiation) as well as in the development of the peripheral nervous system (sensory-motor behaviors). In order to decipher possible functions of estrogens in early development of the zebrafish sensory system, we investigated the role of estrogen receptor beta(2) (ERbeta(2)) by using a morpholino (MO) approach blocking erbeta(2) RNA translation. We further investigated the development of lateral line organs by cell-specific labeling, which revealed a disrupted development of neuromasts in morphants. The supporting cells developed and migrated normally. Sensory hair cells, however, were absent in morphants' neuromasts. Microarray analysis and subsequent in situ hybridizations indicated an aberrant activation of the Notch signaling pathway in ERbeta(2) morphants. We conclude that signaling via ERbeta(2) is essential for hair cell development and may involve an interaction with the Notch signaling pathway during cell fate decision in the neuromast maturation process
Co-firing of biomass with coals Part 1. Thermogravimetric kinetic analysis of combustion of fir (abies bornmulleriana) wood

The chemical composition and reactivity of fir (Abies bornmulleriana) wood under non-isothermal thermogravimetric (TG) conditions were studied. Oxidation of the wood sample at temperatures near 600 A degrees C caused the loss of aliphatics from the structure of the wood and created a char heavily containing C-O functionalities and of highly aromatic character. On-line FTIR recordings of the combustion of wood indicated the oxidation of carbonaceous and hydrogen content of the wood and release of some hydrocarbons due to pyrolysis reactions that occurred during combustion of the wood. TG analysis was used to study combustion of fir wood. Non-isothermal TG data were used to evaluate the kinetics of the combustion of this carbonaceous material. The article reports application of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall model to deal with non-isothermal TG data for the evaluation of the activation energy corresponding to the combustion of the fir wood. The average activation energy related to fir wood combustion was 128.9 kJ/mol, and the average reaction order for the combustion of wood was calculated as 0.30
Graphical Verification of a Spatial Logic for the Graphical Verification of a Spatial Logic for the pi-calculus

The paper introduces a novel approach to the verification of spatial properties for finite [pi]-calculus specifications. The mechanism is based on a recently proposed graphical encoding for mobile calculi: Each process is mapped into a (ranked) graph, such that the denotation is fully abstract with respect to the usual structural congruence (i.e., two processes are equivalent exactly when the corresponding encodings yield the same graph). Spatial properties for reasoning about the behavior and the structure of pi-calculus processes are then expressed in a logic introduced by Caires, and they are verified on the graphical encoding of a process, rather than on its textual representation. More precisely, the graphical presentation allows for providing a simple and easy to implement verification algorithm based on the graphical encoding (returning true if and only if a given process verifies a given spatial formula).\u
Modified reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26

Incubation of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 with exogenous 132-OH-bacteriochlorophyll ap or aGG according to Scheer et al. (1987) results in the exchange of endogenous bacteriochlorophyll ap. The exchange amounts to less-than-or-equals, slant 50% according to HPLC analysis, corresponding to a complete replacement of the ‘monomeric’ bacteriochlorophylls, bm and bl, by exogenous pigment. The absorption spectra show small, but distinct changes in the Qx-region of the bacteriochlorophylls, and bleaching of the modified reaction centers is retained. The corresponding binding sites must be accessible from the exterior, and allow for the introduction of a polar residue at C-132. This is supported by the observation of side reactions of the endogenous ‘monomeric’ bacteriochlorophylls within the reaction center pigments, e.g. epimerization and hydroxylation at C-132.
Dumbing down rational players : learning and teaching in an experimental game

"This paper uses experimental data to examine the existence of a teaching strategy among boundedly rational players. If players realize that their own actions modify their opponents’ beliefs and actions, they might play certain actions to this specific end and forego immediate payoffs if the expected payoff gain from a teaching strategy is high enough. Our results support the existence of a teaching strategy in several ways. After exhibiting some regularities consistent with teaching, we examine more precisely the existence of such a strategy. First we show that players update their beliefs in order to take account of the reaction of their opponents to their own action. Second, we examine whether players actually use a teaching strategy by playing an action that induces a poor immediate payoff but is likely to modify the opponent's behavior so that a preferable outcome might emerge in the future. We find strong evidence of such a strategy in the data and confirm this finding within a logistic model that suggests that the future expected payoff that could arise from a teaching strategy has indeed a significant impact on choice probabilities. Finally, we investigate the effective impact of a teaching strategy on achieved outcomes and find that more tenacious teachers can successfully use such a strategy in order to reach their favorite outcome at the expense of their opponents." [author's abstract
Measurement of dijet production with a veto on additional central jet activity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

A measurement of jet activity in the rapidity interval bounded by a dijet system is presented. Events are vetoed if a jet with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV is found between the two boundary jets. The fraction of dijet events that survive the jet veto is presented for boundary jets that are separated by up to six units of rapidity and with mean transverse momentum 50 < p¯T < 500 GeV. The mean multiplicity of jets above the veto scale in the rapidity interval bounded by the dijet system is also presented as an alternative method for quantifying perturbative QCD emission. The data are compared to a next-to-leading order plus parton shower prediction from the powheg-box, an all-order resummation using the hej calculation and the pythia, herwig++ and alpgen event generators. The measurement was performed using pp collisions at s√=7 TeV using data recorded by the ATLAS detector inWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; ARTEMIS, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The 999th Swift gamma-ray burst: Some like it thermal: A multiwavelength study of GRB 151027A

We present a multiwavelength study of GRB 151027A. This is the 999th GRB\ud
detected by the Swift satellite and it has a densely sampled emission in the\ud
X-ray and optical band and has been observed and detected in the radio up to\ud
140 days after the prompt. The multiwavelength light curve from 500 s to 140\ud
days can be modelled through a standard forward shock afterglow but requires an\ud
additional component to reproduce the early X-ray and optical emission. We\ud
present TNG and LBT optical observations performed 19.6, 33.9 and 92.3 days\ud
after the trigger which show a bump with respect to a standard afterglow flux\ud
decay and are possibly interpreted as due to the underlying SN and host galaxy\ud
(of 0.4 uJy in the R band). Radio observations, performed with SRT, Medicina,\ud
EVN and VLBA between day 4 and 140, suggest that the burst exploded in an\ud
environment characterised by a density profile scaling with the distance from\ud
the source (wind profile). A remarkable feature of the prompt emission is the\ud
presence of a bright flare 100 s after the trigger, lasting 70 seconds in the\ud
soft X-ray band, which was simultaneously detected from the optical band up to\ud
the MeV energy range. By combining Swift-BAT/XRT and Fermi-GBM data, the\ud
broadband (0.3-1000 keV) time resolved spectral analysis of the flare reveals\ud
the coexistence of a non-thermal (power law) and thermal blackbody components.\ud
The BB component contributes up to 35% of the luminosity in the 0.3-1000 keV\ud
band. The gamma-ray emission observed in Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM anticipates\ud
and lasts less than the soft X-ray emission as observed by Swift-XRT, arguing\ud
against a Comptonization origin. The BB component could either be produced by\ud
an outflow becoming transparent or by the collision of a fast shell with a\ud
slow, heavy and optically thick fireball ejected during the quiescent time\ud
interval between the initial and later flares of the burst
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth Data Release

We present the Data Release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended
Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were
spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as
quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection
of spectra, have luminosities $M_{\rm i} \left[ z=2 \right] < -20.5$ (in a
$\Lambda$CDM cosmology with $H_0 = 70 \ {\rm km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc ^{-1}}$,
$\Omega_{\rm M} = 0.3$, and $\Omega_{\rm \Lambda} = 0.7$), and either display
at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) larger than
$500 \ {\rm km \ s^{-1}}$ or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption
features. The catalog also includes previously spectroscopically-confirmed
quasars from SDSS-I, II and III. The catalog contains 526,356 quasars 144,046
are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSS-IV) detected over 9,376 deg$^2$
(2,044 deg$^2$ having new spectroscopic data available) with robust
identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component
eigenspectra. The catalog is estimated to have about 0.5% contamination. The
catalog identifies 21,877 broad absorption line quasars and lists their
characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents SDSS five-band CCD-based
photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag. The catalog also contains X-ray,
ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when
available, from other large-area surveys.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. The catalog is available at
  https://data.sdss.org/sas/dr14/eboss/qso/DR14Q/DR14Q_v4_4.fit
Search for black holes and other new phenomena in high-multiplicity final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV

A search for new physics in energetic, high-multiplicity final states has been performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The standard model background, dominated by multijet production, is determined exclusively from control regions in data. No statistically significant excess of events is observed. Model-independent limits on the product of the cross section and the acceptance of a new physics signal in these final states are set and further interpreted in terms of limits on the production of black holes. Semiclassical black holes and string balls with masses as high as 9.5 TeV, and quantum black holes with masses as high as 9.0 TeV are excluded by this search in the context of models with extra dimensions, thus significantly extending limits set at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the LHC Run 1 data
Activity coefficients of individual ions in LaCl3 from the II+IW theory

We investigate the individual activity coefficients of ions in LaCl3 using our theory that is based on the competition of ion–ion (II) and ion–water (IW) interactions. The II term is computed from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations on the basis of the implicit solvent model of electrolytes using hard sphere ions with Pauling radii. The IW term is computed on the basis of Born's treatment of solvation using experimental hydration-free energies. The results show good agreement with experimental data for La3+. This agreement is remarkable considering the facts that (i) the result is the balance of two terms that are large in absolute value (up to 20 kT) but opposite in sign, and (ii) that our model does not contain any adjustable parameter. All the parameters used in the model are taken from experiments: concentration-dependent dielectric constant, hydration free energies and Pauling radii
Ring-polymer instanton theory of electron transfer in the nonadiabatic limit.

We take the golden-rule instanton method derived in the previous paper [J. O. Richardson, R. Bauer, and M. Thoss, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 134115 (2015)] and reformulate it using a ring-polymer instanton approach. This gives equations which can be used to compute the rates of electron-transfer reactions in the nonadiabatic (golden-rule) limit numerically within a semiclassical approximation. The multidimensional ring-polymer instanton trajectories are obtained efficiently by minimization of the action. In this form, comparison with Wolynes’ quantum instanton method [P. G. Wolynes, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 6559 (1987)] is possible and we show that our semiclassical approach is the steepest-descent limit of this method. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of both methods and give examples of where the new approach is more accurate
Stage-Dependent Intellectual Property Rights

Inspired by the Chinese experience, we develop a Schumpeterian growth model of distance to frontier in which economic growth in the developing country is driven by domestic innovation as well as imitation and transfer of foreign technologies through foreign direct investment. We show that optimal intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is stage-dependent. At an early stage of development, the country implements weak IPR protection to facilitate imitation. At a later stage of development, the country implements strong IPR protection to encourage domestic innovation. Therefore, the growth-maximizing and welfare-maximizing levels of patent strength increase as the country evolves towards the world technology frontier, and this dynamic pattern is consistent with the actual evolution of patent strength in China.
Extensional flow of hyaluronic acid solutions in an optimized micofluidic cross-slot device

We utilize a recently developed microfluidic device, the Optimized Shape Cross-slot Extensional Rheometer (OSCER), to study the elongational flow behavior and rheological properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions representative of the synovial fluid (SF) found in the knee joint. The OSCER geometry is a stagnation point device that imposes a planar extensional flow with a homogenous extension rate over a significant length of the inlet and outlet channel axes. Due to the compressive nature of the flow generated along the inlet channels, and the planar elongational flow along the outlet channels, the flow field in the OSCER device can also be considered as representative of the flow field that arises between compressing articular cartilage layers of the knee joints during running or jumping movements. Full-field birefringence microscopy measurements demonstrate a high degree of localized macromolecular orientation along streamlines passing close to the stagnation point of the OSCER device, while micro-particle image velocimetry is used to quantify the flow kinematics. The stress-optical rule is used to assess the local extensional viscosity in the elongating fluid elements as a function of the measured deformation rate. The large limiting values of the dimensionless Trouton ratio, Tr ∼ O(50), demonstrate that these fluids are highly extensional-thickening, providing a clear mechanism for the load-dampening properties of SF. The results also indicate the potential for utilizing the OSCER in screening of physiological SF samples, which will lead to improved understanding of, and therapies for, disease progression in arthritis sufferers
Measurement of the hadronic activity in events with a Z and two jets and extraction of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z with two jets in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV

The first measurement of the electroweak production cross section of a Z boson with two jets (Zjj) in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV is presented, based on a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of 5 fb−1. The cross section is measured for the ℓℓjj (ℓ = e, μ) final state in the kinematic region m ℓℓ > 50 GeV, m jj > 120 GeV, transverse momenta pjT>25 GeV and pseudorapidity |η j| < 4.0. The measurement, combining the muon and electron channels, yields σ = 154 ± 24 (stat.) ± 46 (exp. syst.) ± 27 (th. syst.) ± 3 (lum.) fb, in agreement with the theoretical cross section. The hadronic activity, in the rapidity interval between the jets, is also measured. These results establish an important foundation for the more general study of vector boson fusion processes, of relevance for Higgs boson searches and for measurements of electroweak gauge couplings and vector boson scattering
Achievement and behaviour in undergraduate mathematics:Personality is a better predictor than gender

We investigated two factors that predict students' achievement and behaviour in undergraduate mathematics: gender and personality. We found that gender predicted students' achievement and behaviour when considered in isolation, but ceased to be predictive when personality profiles were taken into account. Furthermore, personality accounted for significantly more variance in undergraduates' achievement and behaviour than did gender, but the converse was not the case. We therefore argue that personality provides the more productive lens through which to understand the behaviour of undergraduate mathematics students. We relate this finding to recent research emphasising gender differences in mathematics education, and suggest that researchers wishing to promote equity in participation at and beyond the undergraduate level should consider shifting their focus to individual differences in personality
Single-cell RNA sequencing for subtype discovery in Plasmodium falciparum and mammalian cells

Since the dawn of massively parallel sequencing technologies in mid-2000s their utility in profiling the expression of genes in a genome-wide fashion has matured and progressed from cell populations to individual cells. In particular, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has impacted numerous domains in life sciences and hold immense promise in biology and medicine. Indeed, it has become realistic to chart the complete set of cell types and states in multicellular organisms, and projects have started to map out cell types in humans (i.e. the Human Cell Atlas project) and model organsims. In this thesis, I present the application of scRNA-seq to infectious disease and cancer as well as a computational assessment of the general possibilities and limitations of scRNA-seq for enumerating cell types and states de novo. In Paper I, we describe the ability of scRNA-seq to profile transcriptomes from individual malaria-causing P. falciparum parasites. We reveal heterogeneity even among synchronized cultures of parasites during their red blood cell life cycle. Moreover, we identify a subset of sexually differentiated P. falciparum with a distinct gene signature, likely important for parasite transmission that may be exploited for the design of transmission- blocking drugs and/or vaccines. In Paper II, I present a computational strategy to identify the magnitude of biological gene expression differences needed for accurate inference of cell identities using scRNA-seq. Interestingly, rather large differences are needed for proper cell state discrimination, irrespective of scRNA-seq protocol, implying that large number of cell states may escape detection. In Paper III, we used scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to characterize the molecular programs during the later stages of lung metastasis. We demonstrate that a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cell characteristics occurs in cancer cells during metastasis, and that the mesenchymal properties are maintained during metastasis growth extending over a week. In Paper IV we performed transcriptome analyses on stem and progenitor populations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. We provide evidence that the MDS stem cells and the progenitors have distinct transcriptome. Altogether, this thesis expands the applications of scRNA-seq towards parasite biology and cancer metastasis and we provide valuable insights into the abilities of current scRNA-seq technologies in mapping cell states in an unbiased fashion
Geodesic Webs on a Two-Dimensional Manifold and Euler Equations

Dette er forfatternes aksepterte versjonWe prove that any planar 4-web defines a unique projective structure in the plane
in such a way that the leaves of the web foliations are geodesics of this projective structure.
We also find conditions for the projective structure mentioned above to contain an affine
symmetric connection, and conditions for a planar 4-web to be equivalent to a geodesic
4-web on an affine symmetric surface. Similar results are obtained for planar d-webs,d >4,
provided that additional d −4 second-order invariants vanish
Even-dimensional topological gravity from Chern-Simons gravity

It is shown that the topological action for gravity in 2n-dimensions can be
obtained from the 2n+1-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity genuinely invariant
under the Poincare group. The 2n-dimensional topological gravity is described
by the dynamics of the boundary of a 2n+1-dimensional Chern-Simons gravity
theory with suitable boundary conditions. The field $\phi^{a}$, which is
necessary to construct this type of topological gravity in even dimensions, is
identified with the coset field associated with the non-linear realizations of
the Poincare group ISO(d-1,1)