pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Antecedent conditions control carbon loss and downstream water quality from shallow, damaged peatlands.

Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article that is freely available in ORE or from the publisher's web site.  Please cite the published version doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.091Losses of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from drained peatlands are of concern, due to the effects this has on the delivery of ecosystem services, and especially on the long-term store of carbon and the provision of drinking water. Most studies have looked at the effect of drainage in deep peat; comparatively, little is known about the behaviour of shallow, climatically marginal peatlands. This study examines water quality (DOC, Abs(400), pH, E4/E6 and C/C) during rainfall events from such environments in the south west UK, in order to both quantify DOC losses, and understand their potential for restoration. Water samples were taken over a 19 month period from a range of drains within two different experimental catchments in Exmoor National Park; data were analysed on an event basis. DOC concentrations ranging between 4 and 21 mg L(-1) are substantially lower than measurements in deep peat, but remain problematic for the water treatment process. Dryness plays a critical role in controlling DOC concentrations and water quality, as observed through spatial and seasonal differences. Long-term changes in depth to water table (30 days before the event) are likely to impact on DOC production, whereas discharge becomes the main control over DOC transport at the time scale of the rainfall/runoff event. The role of temperature during events is attributed to an increase in the diffusion of DOC, and therefore its transport. Humification ratios (E4/E6) consistently below 5 indicate a predominance of complex humic acids, but increased decomposition during warmer summer months leads to a comparatively higher losses of fulvic acids. This work represents a significant contribution to the scientific understanding of the behaviour and functioning of shallow damaged peatlands in climatically marginal locations. The findings also provide a sound baseline knowledge to support research into the effects of landscape restoration in the future.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)South West WaterKnowledge Transfer Partnershi
Literature review and meta-analysis of translaminar pressure difference in open-angle glaucoma

There is increasing evidence in the literature regarding translaminar pressure difference's (TPD) role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. The optic nerve is exposed not only to intraocular pressure in the eye, but also to intracranial pressure (ICP), as it is surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. Although pilot studies have identified the potential importance of TPD in glaucoma, limited available data currently prevent a comprehensive description of the role that TPD may have in glaucomatous pathophysiology. In this review, we present all available qualified data from a systematic review of the literature of the role of TPD in open-angle glaucoma (OAG). PubMed (Medline), OVID Medline, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and all available library databases were reviewed and subsequent meta-analysis of pooled mean differences are presented where appropriate. Five papers including 396 patients met criteria for inclusion to the analysis. Importantly, we included all observational studies despite differences in ICP measurement methods, as there is no consensus regarding best-practice ICP measurements in glaucoma. Our results show that not only TPD is higher in glaucoma patients compared with healthy subjects, it is related to structural glaucomatous changes of the optic disc. Our analysis suggests further longitudinal prospective studies are needed to investigate the influence of TPD in OAG, with a goal of overcoming methodological weaknesses of previous studies
The daily and hourly energy consumption and load forecasting using artifitial neural network method: a case study using a set of 93 households in Portugal

It is important to understand and forecast a typical or a particularly household daily consumption in order to design and size suitable renewable energy systems and energy storage. In this research for Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) it has been used Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and, despite the consumption unpredictability, it has been shown the possibility to forecast the electricity consumption of a household with certainty. The ANNs are recognized to be a potential methodology for modeling hourly and daily energy consumption and load forecasting. Input variables such as apartment area, numbers of occupants, electrical appliance consumption and Boolean inputs as hourly meter system were considered. Furthermore, the investigation carried out aims to define an ANN architecture and a training algorithm in order to achieve a robust model to be used in forecasting energy consumption in a typical household. It was observed that a feed-forward ANN and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm provided a good performance. For this research it was used a database with consumption records, logged in 93 real households, in Lisbon, Portugal, between February 2000 and July 2001, including both weekdays and weekend. The results show that the ANN approach provides a reliable model for forecasting household electric energy consumption and load profile. © 2014 The Author
The use of anthracene as a model compound in a comparative study of hydrous pyrolysis methods for industrial waste remediation

Author's version of an article published in Chemosphere, 84 (4), 403-408. Also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.061Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are very stable compounds and tend to bioaccumulate in the environment due to their high degree of conjugation and aromaticity. Hydrous pyrolysis is explored as a technique for the treatment of industrial water containing PAH, using anthracene as a model compound. The reactivity of anthracene under a range of temperatures and durations are studied in this paper. Aliquots of 1.0-10.0mg of anthracene in a range of 1.0-5.0 mL of H(2)O are subjected to hydrous pyrolysis under varied conditions of temperature, reagents and duration. The conditions include oxidising systems comprising distilled water, hydrogen peroxide and Nafion-SiO(2) solid catalyst in water; and reducing systems of formic acid and formic acid/Nafion-SiO(2)/Pd-C catalysts to assess a range of redox reaction conditions. Oxygen in air played a role in some of the reaction conditions. Pyrolysed products were identified and quantified by the use of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The major products were anthrone, anthraquinone, xanthone from oxidation; and multiple hydro-anthracene derivatives from reductive hydogenation. The nature of reaction conditions influenced the extent of anthracene degradation. The products formed are more reactive (less stable) as compared to anthracene the starting material and will therefore be less persistent in the environment
Development of macro/micro porous silk fibroin scaffolds with nano-sized calcium phosphate particles for bone tissue engineering

Macro/micro porous silk scaffolds with nano-sized calcium phosphate
(CaP) particles were developed for bone tissue engineering. Different
amounts of nano-sized CaP particles 4, 8, 16 and 25% (CaP:silk
fibroin, wt/wt) were generated into the highly concentrated aqueous
silk fibroin solutions via an in-situ approach. Afterwards, the pure
silk and silk/nano-CaP porous scaffolds were produced by a combination
of salt-leaching/freeze-drying methods. Thermal gravimetric
analysis results were able to demonstrated that the silk/nano-CaP
scaffolds maintained 64–87% of incorporated CaP after salt-leaching.
Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that storage modulus of the
16% formulation was significantly higher than all remaining groups.
The porosity of silk/nano-CaP scaffolds assessed using Micro-Computed
Tomography decreased from 79.8% to 63.6% with increasing
CaP incorporated until 16%. By soaking the scaffolds in Simulated
Body Fluid for 7 days, cauliflower-like apatite clusters were observed
on the surface of both macro and micro pores of 16% and 25% formulations,
which was not observed in 4 and 8% formulations. 16%
silk/nano-CaP scaffolds were further chosen for in vitro cytotoxicity
and biocompatibility assays. Both silk and 16% silk/nano-CaP scaffolds
were non-cytotoxic and promoted cell adhesion and proliferation
to a similar extent. These results indicated that the 16% silk/
nano-CaP scaffolds could be a good candidate for bone tissue
engineering
Structural dynamics and physicochemical properties of pDNA/DODAB:MO lipoplexes : effect of pH and anionic lipids in inverted non-lamellar phases versus lamellar phases

Dioctadecyldimethylammoniumbromide (DODAB):Monoolein (MO) lipoplexes have mainly been studied within the range of high molar ratios of DODAB, with noticeable transfection efficiencies in the Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK, a.k.a. 293T) cell line. In thiswork,we intend to study the effect of highMOcontent on the structure and physicochemical properties of pDNA/DODAB:MOlipoplexes to achieve some correlationwith their transfection efficiency. Static/Dynamic Light Scattering and Cryo-TEM imaging were used to characterize the size/ morphology of DNA/DODAB:MO lipoplexes at different DODAB:MO contents (2:1, 1:1, 1:2) and charge ratios (CRs) (+/−). Nile Red fluorescence emission was performed to detect changes in microviscosity, hydration and polarity of DNA/DODAB:MO systems. Lipoplexes stability at physiological pH values and in the presence of
anionic lipids was evaluated by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Physicochemical/structural data
were complemented with transfection studies in HEK cells using the β-galactosidase reporter gene activity
assay. This work reports the coexistence of multilamellar and non-lamellar inverted phases in MO-richer
lipoplexes (DODAB:MO 1:2 and 1:4), leading to transfection efficiencies comparable to those of multilamellar (DODAB-richer) lipoplexes, but at higher charge ratios [CR (+/−) = 6.0] and without dose-effect response. These results may be related to the structural changes of lipoplexes promoted by high MO content.FEDER (037291) through POFC — COMPETEFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/46968/2009 (PhD grant), PEst-C/BIA/UI4050/2011(CBMA),  PEst-C/FIS/UI0607/2011 (CFUM)
Bivariate association analysis in selected samples: application to a GWAS of two bone mineral density phenotypes in males with high or low BMD

Our specific aims were to evaluate the power of bivariate analysis and to compare its performance with traditional univariate analysis in samples of unrelated subjects under varying sampling selection designs. Bivariate association analysis was based on the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model that allows different genetic models for different traits. We conducted extensive simulations for the case of two correlated quantitative phenotypes, with the quantitative trait locus making equal or unequal contributions to each phenotype. Our simulation results confirmed that the power of bivariate analysis is affected by the size, direction and source of the phenotypic correlations between traits. They also showed that the optimal sampling scheme depends on the size and direction of the induced genetic correlation. In addition, we demonstrated the efficacy of SUR-based bivariate test by applying it to a real Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) values measured at the lumbar spine (LS) and at the femoral neck (FN) in a sample of unrelated males with low BMD (LS Z-scores <= -2) and with high BMD (LS and FN Z-scores >0.5). A substantial amount of top hits in bivariate analysis did not reach nominal significance in any of the two single-trait analyses. Altogether, our studies suggest that bivariate analysis is of practical significance for GWAS of correlated phenotypes
Status of the Gribov-Pontecorvo solution to the solar neutrino problem

We discuss the status of the Gribov-Pontecorvo (GP) solution to the solar neutrino problem. This solution naturally appears in bimaximal neutrino mixing, and reduces the solar and atmospheric neutrino problems to vacuum oscillations of three active neutrinos. The GP solution predicts an energy-independent suppression of the solar neutrino flux. It is disfavoured by the rate of the Homestake detector, but its statistical significance greatly improves, when the chlorine rate and the boron neutrino flux are slightly rescaled, and when the Super-Kamiokande neutrino spectrum is included in the analysis. Our results show that rescaling of the chlorine signal by only 10% is sufficient for the GP solution to exist, if the boron-neutrino flux is taken 10-20% lower than the SSM prediction. The regions allowed for the GP solution in the parameter space are found and observational signatures of this solution are discussed
Single bottom quark production in kT-factorisation

We present a study within the k T -factorisation scheme on single bottom quark production at the LHC. In particular, we calculate the rapidity and transverse momentum differential distributions for single bottom quark/anti-quark production. In our setup, the unintegrated gluon density is obtained from the NLx BFKL Green function whereas we included mass effects to the Lx heavy quark jet vertex. We compare our results to the corresponding distributions predicted by the usual collinear factorisation scheme. The latter were produced with Pythia 8.1
Chiral Nß-Fmoc-Amino Alkyl Isonitriles in Ugi-4CR: An Assembly of Novel 1,1'-Iminodicarboxylated Peptidomimetics

Enantiopure Nß-Fmoc-amino alkyl isonitriles and amino acid esters have been employed as building blocks in Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) to yield 1,1'-iminodicarboxylated peptidomimetics. By employing trifluoroacetic acid as one of the components, a different outcome has been observed and rationalized. Ugi products are obtained as trifluoroacetamide adducts, which on further reaction under mild acidic conditions lead to the title compounds. The method has also been proven to be useful for the preparation of ethyl, benzyl and tert-butyl esters
Yield constants of external Bremsstrahlung excited by Sr-90-Y-90, Pm-147 and Tl-204 in CdO and lead compounds

Bremsstrahlung yield of Sr-90-Y-90, Pm-147 and Tl-204 in CdO, PbF2, Pb(NO3)(2) and PbCl2 has been measured using 3.8 cm x 3.8 cm Nal(Tl) crystal and is compared with Tseng and Pratt theory. The Z dependence of external Bremsstrahlung (EB) is also measured and compared with the theory. The Bremsstrahlung photon yield and energy yield constants (K' and K) are evaluated from the measured and theoretical yields. These values decrease with the increase in E-max of beta. The evaluated K' and K may be useful to calculate the photon yield and the energy yield, when these beta particles interact with the compounds of modified atomic number ranging from 42 to 73. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Measurement and QCD analysis of double-differential inclusive jet
  cross-sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV and ratios to 2.76 and 7
  TeV

A measurement of the double-differential inclusive jet cross section as a
function of the jet transverse momentum pT and the absolute jet rapidity abs(y)
is presented. Data from LHC proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV,
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse femtobarns, have been
collected with the CMS detector. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kT
clustering algorithm with a size parameter of 0.7 in a phase space region
covering jet pT from 74 GeV up to 2.5 TeV and jet absolute rapidity up to
abs(y) = 3.0. The low-pT jet range between 21 and 74 GeV is also studied up to
abs(y) = 4.7, using a dedicated data sample corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of 5.6 inverse picobarns. The measured jet cross section is
corrected for detector effects and compared with the predictions from
perturbative QCD at next-to-leading order (NLO) using various sets of parton
distribution functions (PDF). Cross section ratios to the corresponding
measurements performed at 2.76 and 7 TeV are presented. From the measured
double-differential jet cross section, the value of the strong coupling
constant evaluated at the Z mass is alpha[S(M[Z]) = 0.1164 +0.0060 -0.0043,
where the errors include the PDF, scale, nonperturbative effects and
experimental uncertainties, using the CT10 NLO PDFs. Improved constraints on
PDFs based on the inclusive jet cross section measurement are presented.Comment: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and
  DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-14-001
The future of the northeast Atlantic benthic flora in a high CO2 world

Seaweed and seagrass communities in the northeast Atlantic have been profoundly impacted by humans, and the rate of change is accelerating rapidly due to runaway CO2 emissions and mounting pressures on coastlines associated with human population growth and increased consumption of finite resources. Here, we predict how rapid warming and acidification are likely to affect benthic flora and coastal ecosystems of the northeast Atlantic in this century, based on global evidence from the literature as interpreted by the collective knowledge of the authorship. We predict that warming will kill off kelp forests in the south and that ocean acidification will remove maerl habitat in the north. Seagrasses will proliferate, and associated epiphytes switch from calcified algae to diatoms and filamentous species. Invasive species will thrive in niches liberated by loss of native species and spread via exponential development of artificial marine structures. Combined impacts of seawater warming, ocean acidification, and increased storminess may replace structurally diverse seaweed canopies, with associated calcified and noncalcified flora, with simple habitats dominated by noncalcified, turf-forming seaweeds
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in highly boosted top-quark pair production in √s=8 TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment

In the View the MathML sourcepp→tt¯ process the angular distributions of top and anti-top quarks are expected to present a subtle difference, which could be enhanced by processes not included in the Standard Model. This Letter presents a measurement of the charge asymmetry in events where the top-quark pair is produced with a large invariant mass. The analysis is performed on 20.3 fb−1 of pp   collision data at View the MathML sources=8TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, using reconstruction techniques specifically designed for the decay topology of highly boosted top quarks. The charge asymmetry in a fiducial region with large invariant mass of the top-quark pair (View the MathML sourcemtt¯>0.75 TeV) and an absolute rapidity difference of the top and anti-top quark candidates within View the MathML source−2<|yt|−|yt¯|<2 is measured to be 4.2±3.2%4.2±3.2%, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order. A differential measurement in three View the MathML sourcett¯ mass bins is also presented.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie SklodowskaCurie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Turbulence in the solar wind: spectra from Voyager 2 data at 5 AU [invited comment]

Fluctuations in the flow velocity and magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Solar System. These fluctuations are turbulent, in the sense that they are disordered and span a broad range of scales in both space and time. The study of solar wind turbulence is motivated by a number of factors all keys to the understanding of the Solar Wind origin and thermodynamics. The solar wind spectral properties are far from uniformity and evolve with the increasing distance from the sun. Most of the available spectra of solar wind turbulence were computed at 1 astronomical unit, while accurate spectra on wide frequency ranges at larger distances are still few. In this paper we consider solar wind spectra derived from the data recorded by the Voyager 2 mission during 1979 at about 5 AU from the sun. Voyager 2 data are an incomplete time series with a voids/signal ratio that typically increases as the spacecraft moves away from the sun (45% missing data in 1979), making the analysis challenging. In order to estimate the uncertainty of the spectral slopes, different methods are tested on synthetic turbulence signals with the same gap distribution as V2 data. Spectra of all variables show a power law scaling with exponents between −2.1 and −1.1, depending on frequency subranges. Probability density functions (PDFs) and correlations indicate that the flow has a significant intermittency
Search for excited quarks in the γ + jet final state in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

A search for excited quarks decaying into the γ+jet final state is presented. The analysis is based on data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb[superscript −1] collected by the CMS experiment in proton–proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV at the LHC. Events with photons and jets with high transverse momenta are selected and the γ+jetγ+jet invariant mass distribution is studied to search for a resonance peak. The 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of cross section and branching fraction are evaluated as a function of the excited quark mass. Limits on excited quarks are presented as a function of their mass and coupling strength; masses below 3.5 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level for unit couplings to their standard model partners.European Organization for Nuclear ResearchUnited States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.