pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A computable bound of the essential spectral radius of finite range
  Metropolis--Hastings kernels

Let $\pi$ be a positive continuous target density on $\mathbb{R}$. Let $P$ be
the Metropolis-Hastings operator on the Lebesgue space $\mathbb{L}^2(\pi)$
corresponding to a proposal Markov kernel $Q$ on $\mathbb{R}$. When using the
quasi-compactness method to estimate the spectral gap of $P$, a mandatory first
step is to obtain an accurate bound of the essential spectral radius
$r\_{ess}(P)$ of $P$. In this paper a computable bound of $r\_{ess}(P)$ is
obtained under the following assumption on the proposal kernel: $Q$ has a
bounded continuous density $q(x,y)$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$ satisfying the following
finite range assumption : $|u| \textgreater{} s \, \Rightarrow\, q(x,x+u) = 0$
(for some $s\textgreater{}0$). This result is illustrated with Random Walk
Metropolis-Hastings kernels
All-Dielectric Metasurfaces Based on Cross-Shaped Resonators for Color
  Pixels with Extended Gamut

Printing technology based on plasmonic structures has many advantages over
pigment based color printing such as high resolution, ultra-compact size and
low power consumption. However, due to high losses and broad resonance behavior
of metals in the visible spectrum, it becomes challenging to produce
well-defined colors. Here, we investigate cross-shaped dielectric
nanoresonators which enable high quality resonance in the visible spectral
regime and, hence, high quality colors. We numerically predict and
experimentally demonstrate that the proposed all-dielectric nanostructures
exhibit high quality colors with selective wavelengths, in particular, due to
lower losses as compared to metal based plasmonic filters. This results in
fundamental colors (RGB) with high hue and saturation. We further show that a
large gamut of colors can be achieved by selecting the appropriate length and
width of individual $Si$ nanoantennas. Moreover, the proposed all-dielectric
metasurface based color filters can be integrated with the well matured
fabrication technology of electronic devices.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Local average consensus in distributed measurement of spatial-temporal varying parameters: 1D case

© 2014 Elsevier. Ltd All rights reserved. We study a new variant of consensus problems, termed 'local average consensus', in networks of agents. We consider the task of using sensor networks to perform distributed measurement of a parameter which has both spatial (in this paper 1D) and temporal variations. Our idea is to maintain potentially useful local information regarding spatial variation, as contrasted with reaching a single, global consensus, as well as to mitigate the effect of measurement errors. We employ two schemes for computation of local average consensus: exponential weighting and uniform finite window. In both schemes, we design local average consensus algorithms to address first the case where the measured parameter has spatial variation but is constant in time, and then the case where the measured parameter has both spatial and temporal variations. Our designed algorithms are distributed, in that information is exchanged only among neighbors. Moreover, we analyze both spatial and temporal frequency responses and noise propagation associated with the algorithms. The tradeoffs of using local consensus, as compared to standard global consensus, include higher memory requirement and degraded noise performance. Arbitrary updating weights and random spacing between sensors are also analyzed in the proposed algorithms
Formal Gold to Gold Transmetalation of an Alkynyl Group Mediated by Palladium: A Bisalkynyl Gold Complex as a Ligand to Palladium

Producción CientíficaThe reaction of [Au(C≡CnBu)]n with [Pd(η3-allyl)Cl(PPh3)]
results in a ligand and alkynyl rearrangement, and leads to the heterometallic complex [Pd(η3-allyl){Au(C≡CnBu)2}]2 (3) with an unprecedented bridging bisalkynyl gold ligand coordinated to palladium. This is a formal gold to gold transmetalation that occurs through reversible alkynyl transmetalations between gold and palladium.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (CTQ2013-48406-P)Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA064U13
Biogeochemistry of “pristine” freshwater stream and lake systems in the western Canadian Arctic

Climate change poses a substantial threat to the stability of the Arctic terrestrial carbon (C)pool as warmer air temperatures thaw permafrost and deepen the seasonally-thawed active layer of soils and sediments. Enhanced water flow through this layer may accelerate the transport of C and major cations and anions to streams and lakes. These act as important conduits and reactors for dissolved C within the terrestrial C cycle. It is important for studies to consider these processes in small headwater catchments, which have been identified as hotspots of rapid mineralisation of C sourced from ancient permafrost thaw. In order to better understand the role of inland waters in terrestrial C cycling we characterised the biogeochemistry of the freshwater systems in a c. 14 km2 study area in the western Canadian Arctic. Sampling took place during the snow-free seasons of 2013 and 2014 for major inorganic solutes, dissolved organic and inorganic C (DOC and DIC, respectively), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations from three water type groups: lakes,\ud
polygonal pools and streams. These groups displayed differing biogeochemical signatures, indicative of contrasting biogeochemical controls. However, none of the groups showed strong signals of enhanced permafrost thaw during the study seasons. The mean annual air temperature in the region has increased by more than 2.5 °C since 1970, and continued warming will likely affect the aquatic biogeochemistry. This study provides important baseline data for comparison with future studies in a warming Arctic
Land use implications of future energy system trajectories - the case of the UK 2050 Carbon Plan

The UK's 2008 Climate Change Act sets a legally binding target for reducing territorial greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050, relative to 1990 levels. Four pathways to achieve this target have been developed by the Department of Energy and Climate Change, with all pathways requiring increased us of bioenergy. A significant amount of this could be indigenously sourced from crops, but will increased domestic production of energy crops conflict with other agricultural priorities? To address this question, a coupled analysis of the UK energy system and land use has been developed. The two systems are connected by the production of bioenergy, and are projected forwards in time under the energy pathways, accounting for various constraints on land use for agriculture and ecosystem services. The results show different combinations of crop yield and compositions for the pathways lead to the appropriation of between 7 and 61% of UK's agricultural land for bioenergy production. This could result in competition for land for food production and other land uses, as well as indirect land use change in other countries due to an increase in bioenergy imports. Consequently, the potential role of bioenergy in achieving UK emissions reduction targets may face significant deployment challenges.This work has been funded by ESPRC through the Whole System Energy Modelling (wholeSEM) consortium. EPSRC Grant number EP/K039326/1.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.07.00
News stories as evidence for research? BBC citations from articles, books and Wikipedia

Although news stories target the general public and are sometimes inaccurate, they can serve as sources of real-world information for researchers. This article investigates the extent to which academics exploit journalism using content and citation analyses of online BBC News stories cited by Scopus articles. A total of 27,234 Scopus-indexed publications have cited at least one BBC News story, with a steady annual increase. Citations from arts and humanities (2.8% of publications in 2015) and social sciences (1.5%) were more likely than citations from medicine (0.1%) and science (<0.1%). Surprisingly, half of the sampled Scopus-cited science and technology (53%) and medicine and health (47%) stories were based on academic research, rather than otherwise unpublished information, suggesting that researchers have chosen a lower quality secondary source for their citations. Nevertheless, the BBC News stories that were most frequently cited by Scopus, Google Books and Wikipedia introduced new information from many different topics, including politics, business, economics, statistics, and reports about events. Thus, news stories are mediating real world knowledge into the academic domain, a potential cause for concern
Geomorphic and shallow-acoustic investigation of an Antarctic Peninsula fjord system using high-resolution ROV and shipboard geophysical observations: Ice dynamics and behaviour since the Last Glacial Maximum

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/© 2016 Detailed bathymetric and sub-bottom acoustic observations in Bourgeois Fjord (Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula) provide evidence on sedimentary processes and glacier dynamics during the last glacial cycle. Submarine landforms observed in the 50 km-long fjord, from the margins of modern tidewater glaciers to the now ice-distal Marguerite Bay, are described and interpreted. The landforms are grouped into four morpho-sedimentary systems: (i) glacial advance and full-glacial; (ii) subglacial and ice-marginal meltwater; (iii) glacial retreat and neoglaciation; and (iv) Holocene mass-wasting. These morpho-sedimentary systems have been integrated with morphological studies of the Marguerite Bay continental shelf and analysed in terms of the specific sedimentary processes and/or stages of the glacial cycle. They demonstrate the action of an ice-sheet outlet glacier that produced drumlins and crag-and-tail features in the main and outer fjord. Meltwater processes eroded bedrock channels and ponds infilled by fine-grained sediments. Following the last deglaciation of the fjord at about 9000 yr BP, subsequent Holocene neoglacial activity involved minor readvances of a tidewater glacier terminus in Blind Bay. Recent stillstands and/or minor readvances are inferred from the presence of a major transverse moraine that indicates grounded ice stabilization, probably during the Little Ice Age, and a series of smaller landforms that reveal intermittent minor readvances. Mass-wasting processes also affected the walls of the fjord and produced scars and fan-shaped deposits during the Holocene. Glacier-terminus changes during the last six decades, derived from satellite images and aerial photographs, reveal variable behaviour of adjacent tidewater glaciers. The smaller glaciers show the most marked recent retreat, influenced by regional physiography and catchment-area size
Associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality in a population of adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

This is an Open Access Article. It is published by Elsevier under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC-Nd). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The relationships of physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality in those at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge,we examined the associations of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with all-cause mortality in a population of adults at high risk of T2DM. In 2010–2011, 712 adults (Leicestershire, U.K.), identified\ud
as being at high risk of T2DM, consented to be followed up for mortality.MVPA and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometer; those with valid data (≥10 hours of wear-time/day with ≥4 days of data) were included. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to investigate the independent associations of MVPA and sedentary time with all-cause mortality. 683 participants (250 females (36.6%)) were included and during a mean follow-up period of 5.7 years, 26 deaths were registered. Every 10% increase in MVPA time/day was associated with a 5% lower risk of all-cause mortality [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.95 (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.91, 0.98); p=0.004]; indicating that for the average adult in this cohort undertaking\ud
approximately 27.5 minutes of MVPA/day, this benefit would be associated with only 2.75 additional minutes of MVPA/day. Conversely, sedentary time showed no association with all-cause mortality [HR (every 10-minute increase in sedentary time/day): 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.03); p=0.589]. These data support the importance of MVPA in adults at high risk of T2DM. The association between sedentary time and mortality in this population needs further investigation
The lipid-lowering effects of lomitapide are unaffected by adjunctive apheresis in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia - a post-hoc analysis of a phase 3, single-arm, open-label trial

OBJECTIVE :  Lomitapide (a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor) is an adjunctive treatment
for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), a rare genetic condition characterised by
elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and premature, severe, accelerated atherosclerosis.
Standard of care for HoFH includes lipid-lowering drugs and lipoprotein apheresis.We conducted a posthoc
analysis using data from a Phase 3 study to assess whether concomitant apheresis affected the lipidlowering
efficacy of lomitapide.
METHODS : Existing lipid-lowering therapy, including apheresis, was to remain stable from Week  6 to
Week 26. Lomitapide dose was escalated on the basis of individual safety/tolerability from 5 mg to 60 mg
a day (maximum). The primary endpoint was mean percent change in LDL-C from baseline to Week 26
(efficacy phase), after which patients remained on lomitapide through Week 78 for safety assessment
and further evaluation of efficacy. During this latter period, apheresis could be adjusted.We analysed the
impact of apheresis on LDL-C reductions in patients receiving lomitapide.
RESULTS : Of the 29 patients that entered the efficacy phase, 18 (62%) were receiving apheresis at baseline.
Twenty-three patients (13 receiving apheresis) completed the Week 26 evaluation. Of the six patients
who discontinued in the first 26 weeks, five were receiving apheresis. There were no significant differences
in percent change from baseline of LDL-C at Week 26 in patients treated ( 48%) and not treated
( 55%) with apheresis (p ¼ 0.545). Changes in Lp(a) levels were modest and not different between
groups (p ¼ 0.436).
CONCLUSION : The LDL-C lowering efficacy of lomitapide is unaffected by lipoprotein apheresis.The Phase 3 study was funded by a grant from the FDA Office of
the Orphan Product Development (FD-R-003098) to Dr Cuchel and
by Aegerion Pharmaceuticals Inc. Editorial support was provided by
Nigel Eastmond of Eastmond Medicomm Ltd, which was funded by
Aegerion Pharmaceuticals.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/atherosclerosishb201
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlation structures in p–Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

AbstractTwo-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p–Pb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum range 0.7<pT,assoc<pT,trig<5.0 GeV/c is examined, to include correlations induced by jets originating from low momentum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range |η|<0.9. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in high-multiplicity p–Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent fragmentation of multiple parton–parton scatterings, while the yield related to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton interactions even in the highest multiplicity p–Pb collisions. Further, the number scales only in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary nucleon–nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation
Performance Evaluation of Lighting and Daylighting Retrofits: Results from IEA SHC Task 50

AbstractThis article presents some results from a large monitoring campaign performed in 22 buildings around the world as part of International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 50 “Advanced lighting solutions for retrofitting buildings”. This article mainly addresses the work of Subtask D, which aims to demonstrate sound lighting retrofit solutions in a selection of representative, typical Case Studies. In order to evaluate the Case Studies, a monitoring protocol was developed to assess the overall lighting performance taking into consideration: 1) Energy use, 2) Retrofit costs, 3) Photometric assessment, and 4) User assessment. The monitoring was carried out from June 2014 to December 2015 in 22 non-residential buildings in ten countries. This article presents results from selected Case Studies, drawing conclusions regarding retrofit solutions as well as reflecting on methodological procedures for the measurements and data collection. Measured data as well as key conclusions from Subtask D will be summarized in an electronic web and portable sourcebook at the end of the IEA Task 50 (December 2015), which will be freely available through the Internet
Decay constants of DsJ*(2317) and DsJ(2460)

AbstractThe resonances DsJ*(2317) and DsJ(2460) which are considered to be the (0+,1+) doublet composed of charm and strange quarks have been discovered recently. Using the method of Rosner which is based on the factorization hypothesis, we calculate the lower bounds of the decay constants of these states from the branching ratios of B→DDsJ measured by Belle and BaBar. Our result shows that the decay constant of DsJ(2460) is about twice that of DsJ*(2317) contrary to the naive expectation of the heavy quark symmetry which gives their equality. We show that this big deviation originates from the large internal motion of quarks inside these P-wave states and that our result is in good accord with the relativistic quark model calculation
Neighborhood radius estimation for variable-neighborhood random fields

AbstractWe consider random fields defined by finite-region conditional probabilities depending on a neighborhood of the region which changes with the boundary conditions. To predict the symbols within any finite region, it is necessary to inspect a random number of neighborhood symbols which might change according to the value of them. In analogy with the one-dimensional setting we call these neighborhood symbols the context associated to the region at hand. This framework is a natural extension, to d-dimensional fields, of the notion of variable length Markov chains introduced by Rissanen [24] in his classical paper. We define an algorithm to estimate the radius of the smallest ball containing the context based on a realization of the field. We prove the consistency of this estimator. Our proofs are constructive and yield explicit upper bounds for the probability of wrong estimation of the radius of the context
Decoupling and reduction in Chern–Simons modified gravity

AbstractWe show that for four-dimensional spacetimes with a non-null hypersurface orthogonal Killing vector and for a Chern–Simons (CS) background (non-dynamical) scalar field, which is constant along the Killing vector, the source-free equations of CS modified gravity decouple into their Einstein and Cotton constituents. Thus, the model supports only general relativity solutions. We also show that, when the cosmological constant vanishes and the gradient of the CS scalar field is parallel to the non-null hypersurface orthogonal Killing vector of constant length, CS modified gravity reduces to topologically massive gravity in three dimensions. Meanwhile, with the cosmological constant such a reduction requires an appropriate source term for CS modified gravity
View FImP miracle (by scale invariance) à la self-interaction

AbstractCombining feebly interacting massive particle (FIMP) dark matter (DM) with scale invariance (SI) leads to extremely light FIMP (thus the FImP) with FImP miracle, i.e., the mass and relic generations of FImP DM share the same dynamics. In this paper we show that due to the lightness of FImP, it, especially for a scalar FImP, can easily accommodate large DM self-interaction. For a fermionic FImP, such as the sterile neutrino, self-interaction additionally requires a mediator which is another FImP, a scalar boson with mass either much lighter or heavier than the FImP DM. DM self-interaction opens a new window to observe FImP (miracle), which does not leave traces in the conventional DM searches. As an example, FImP can account for the offsets between the centroid of DM halo and stars of galaxies recently observed in the galaxy cluster Abel 3827
1−− and 0++ heavy four-quark and molecule states in QCD

AbstractWe estimate the masses of the 1−− heavy four-quark and molecule states by combining exponential Laplace (LSR) and finite energy (FESR) sum rules known perturbatively to lowest order (LO) in αs but including non-perturbative terms up to the complete dimension-six condensate contributions. This approach allows to fix more precisely the value of the QCD continuum threshold (often taken ad hoc) at which the optimal result is extracted. We use double ratio of sum rules (DRSR) for determining the SU(3) breakings terms. We also study the effects of the heavy quark mass definitions on these LO results. The SU(3) mass-splittings of about (50–110) MeV and the ones of about (250–300) MeV between the lowest ground states and their 1st radial excitations are (almost) heavy-flavor independent. The mass predictions summarized in Table 4 are compared with the ones in the literature (when available) and with the three Yc(4260,4360,4660) and Yb(10890) 1−− experimental candidates. We conclude (to this order approximation) that the lowest observed state cannot be a pure 1−− four-quark nor a pure molecule but may result from their mixings. We extend the above analyzes to the 0++ four-quark and molecule states which are about (0.5–1) GeV heavier than the corresponding 1−− states, while the splittings between the 0++ lowest ground state and the 1st radial excitation is about (300–500) MeV. We complete the analysis by estimating the decay constants of the 1−− and 0++ four-quark states which are tiny and which exhibit a 1/MQ behavior. Our predictions can be further tested using some alternative non-perturbative approaches or/and at LHCb and some other hadron factories