pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
BROADBAND SPECTRAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SGR J1550–5418 BURSTS

We present the results of our broadband spectral analysis of 42 SGR J1550−5418 bursts simultaneously detected
with the Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) and the Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), during the 2009 January
active episode of the source. The unique spectral and temporal capabilities of the XRT windowed timing mode have
allowed us to extend the GBM spectral coverage for these events down to the X-ray domain (0.5–10 keV). Our
earlier analysis of the GBM data found that the SGR J1550−5418 burst spectra were described equally well with
either a Comptonized model or with two blackbody functions; the two models were statistically indistinguishable.
Our new broadband (0.5–200 keV) spectral fits show that, on average, the burst spectra are better described with two
blackbody functions than with the Comptonized model. Thus, our joint XRT–GBM analysis clearly shows for the
first time that the SGR J1550−5418 burst spectra might naturally be expected to exhibit a more truly thermalized
character, such as a two-blackbody or even a multi-blackbody signal. Using the Swift and RXTE timing ephemeris
for SGR J1550−5418 we construct the distribution of the XRT burst counts with spin phase and find that it is not
correlated with the persistent X-ray emission pulse phase from SGR J1550−5418. These results indicate that the
burst emitting sites on the neutron star need not to be co-located with hot spots emitting the bulk of the persistent
X-ray emission. Finally, we show that there is a significant pulse phase dependence of the XRT burst counts, likely
demonstrating that the surface magnetic field of SGR J1550−5418 is not uniform over the emission zones, since it
is anticipated that regions with stronger surface magnetic field could trigger bursts more efficiently
Paradoxical effects of increased expression of PGC-1alpha on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha has been shown to play critical roles in regulating mitochondria biogenesis, respiration, and muscle oxidative phenotype. Furthermore, reductions in the expression of PGC-1alpha in muscle have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. To determine the effect of increased muscle-specific PGC-1alpha expression on muscle mitochondrial function and glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, we examined body composition, energy balance, and liver and muscle insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies and muscle energetics by using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in transgenic mice. Increased expression of PGC-1alpha in muscle resulted in a 2.4-fold increase in mitochondrial density, which was associated with an approximately 60% increase in the unidirectional rate of ATP synthesis. Surprisingly, there was no effect of increased muscle PGC-1alpha expression on whole-body energy expenditure, and PGC-1alpha transgenic mice were more prone to fat-induced insulin resistance because of decreased insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. The reduced insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake could most likely be attributed to a relative increase in fatty acid delivery/triglyceride reesterfication, as reflected by increased expression of CD36, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1, and mitochondrial acyl-CoA:glycerol-sn-3-phosphate acyltransferase, that may have exceeded mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, resulting in increased intracellular lipid accumulation and an increase in the membrane to cytosol diacylglycerol content. This, in turn, caused activation of PKC, decreased insulin signaling at the level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, and skeletal muscle insulin resistance
Ray-Singer type theorem for the refined analytic torsion

We show that the refined analytic torsion is a holomorphic section of the determinant line bundle over the space of complex representations of the fundamental group of a closed oriented odd-dimensional manifold. Further, we calculate the ratio of the refined analytic torsion and the Farber–Turaev combinatorial torsion. As an application, we establish a formula relating the eta-invariant and the phase of the Farber–Turaev torsion, which extends a theorem of Farber and earlier results of ours. This formula allows to study the spectral flow using methods of combinatorial topology
Strict and non-strict independent and-parallelism in logic programs: Correctness, efficiency, and compile-time conditions.

This paper presents some fundamental properties of independent and-parallelism and extends its applicability by enlarging the class of goals eligible for parallel execution. A simple model of (independent) and-parallel execution is proposed and issues of correctness and efficiency discussed in the light of this model. Two conditions, "strict" and "non-strict" independence, are defined and then proved sufficient to ensure correctness and\ud
efñciency of parallel execution: if goals which meet these conditions are executed in parallel the solutions obtained are the same as those produced by standard sequential execution. Also, in absence of failure, the parallel proof\ud
procedure does not genérate any additional work (with respect to standard SLD-resolution) while the actual execution time is reduced. Finally, in case of failure of any of the goals no slow down will occur. For strict independence the results are shown to hold independently of whether the parallel goals execute in the same environment or in sepárate environments. In addition, a formal basis is given for the automatic compile-time generation of\ud
independent and-parallelism: compile-time conditions to efficiently check goal independence at run-time are proposed and proved sufficient. Also, rules are given for constructing simpler conditions if information regarding\ud
the binding context of the goals to be executed in parallel is available to the compiler
Sex discrimination within the Romanian labor market – Myth or reallity?

The constant fight against discrimination of any nature constitutes one of the most important objectives of the European Union. Special directives have been adopted with regard to this aspect, comprising measures for fighting discrimination generally and especially discrimination related to the labour market (Directives 76/207/CEE or 86/613/CEE).
The article treats sex discrimination within the Romanian labour market from an economic perspective. We shall present the characteristics and particularities of the Romanian labour market, from the point of view of sex structure, in the period 1990-2006: the occupation rate of the population, the unemployment rate, income level, period of activity, retirement level and retirement receiving period.
The analysis of sex discrimination within the Romanian labour market will take into account the differences between the two types of population considered, differences which are due to certain physiological and psychological characteristics. These characteristics may determine biases towards certain types of economic activities for which the income level, work schedule and work condition might differ.
Properties of Foreign Exchange Risk Premiums

We study the properties of foreign exchange risk premiums that can explain the forward bias puzzle, defined as the tendency of high-interest rate currencies to appreciate rather than depreciate. These risk premiums arise endogenously from imposing the no-arbitrage condition on the relation between the term structure of interest rates and exchange rates, and they compensate for both currency risk and interest rate risk. In the empirical analysis, we estimate risk premiums using an affine multi-currency term structure model and find that model-implied risk premiums yield unbiased predictions for exchange rate excess returns. While interest rate risk affects the level of risk premiums, the time variation in excess returns is almost entirely driven by currency risk. Furthermore, risk premiums are closely related to global risk aversion, countercyclical to the state of the economy, and tightly linked to traditional exchange rate fundamentals.
A nonparametric analysis of the Greek renewable energy sector

This paper applies a bootstrapped Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) formulation aiming to evaluate the financial performance of the firms operating in the Greek renewable energy sector. With the use of financial ratios in a DEA setting, efficiency ratios are constructed in order to analyse firms’ financial performance. The results reveal that firms’ performances are positively influenced by the high levels of return on assets and equity and by lower levels of debt to equity. In addition it appears that there are not significant differences of firms’ efficiency levels indicating high competitiveness between firms. Finally, firms producing wind energy appear to perform better than firms producing hydropower energy. It emerges that the majority of firms are operating in the wind and hydropower energy production making the Greek market of solar energy production being an emerging segment of the Greek renewable energy sector.
America’s unreported economy: measuring the size, growth and determinants of income tax evasion in the U.S.

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the extent of noncompliance with the tax code and examines the determinants of federal income tax evasion in the U.S.  Employing a refined version of Feige’s (1986; 1989) General Currency Ratio (GCR) model to estimate a time series of unreported income as our measure of tax evasion,  we find that 18-23 % of total reportable income may not properly be reported to the IRS.  This gives rise to a 2009 “tax gap” in the range of $390-$537 billion. As regards the determinants of tax noncompliance, we find that federal income tax evasion is an increasing function of the average effective federal income tax rate, the unemployment rate, the nominal interest rate, and per capita real GDP, and a decreasing function of the IRS audit rate. Despite important refinements of the traditional currency ratio approach for estimating the aggregate size and growth of unreported economies, we conclude that the sensitivity of the results to different benchmarks, imperfect data sources and alternative specifying assumptions precludes obtaining results of sufficient accuracy and reliability to serve as effective policy guides.
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and renin-aldosterone in volume regulation of patients with cirrhosis

The role of the atrial natriuretic factor and of the main counteracting sodium-retaining principle, the renin-aldosterone system, in acute volume regulation of cirrhosis of the liver has been investigated. Central volume stimulation was achieved in 21 patients with cirrhosis, 11 without and 10 with ascites, and 25 healthy controls by 1-hr head-out water immersion. Immersion prompted a highly significant (p<0.001) increase of atrial natriuretic factor plasma concentrations in cirrhotic patients without ascites from 8.5 ± 1.3 fmoles per ml to 16.5 ± 2.6 fmoles per ml, comparable to the stimulation in control subjects (6.0 ± 0.6 fmoles per ml to 13.6 ± 2.6 fmoles per ml). In cirrhotic patients with ascites, atrial natriuretic factor increase (from 7.7 ± 1.3 fmoles per ml to 11.4 ± 2.3 fmoles per ml) was blunted (p<0.05). Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were elevated in cirrhotic patients, especially in the presence of ascites. Following immersion, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were reduced similarly in all groups. Water immersion induced a more pronounced natriuresis and diuresis in control subjects than in cirrhotic patients. Neither atrial natriuretic factor nor plasma renin activity nor plasma aldosterone concentration alone correlated to sodium excretion. However, atrial natriuretic factor to plasma aldosterone concentration ratios were closely correlated to basal and stimulated natriuresis in cirrhotic patients, particularly in those with ascites. These data suggest that atrial natriuretic factor and the renin-aldosterone system influence volume regulation in patients with cirrhosis.
Loop corrections for Kaluza-Klein AdS amplitudes

Recently we conjectured the four-point amplitude of graviton multiplets in
${\rm AdS}_5 \times {\rm S}^5$ at one loop by exploiting the operator product
expansion of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory. Here we give the first
extension of those results to include Kaluza-Klein modes, obtaining the
amplitude for two graviton multiplets and two states of the first KK mode. Our
method again relies on resolving the large N degeneracy among a family of long
double-trace operators, for which we obtain explicit formulas for the leading
anomalous dimensions. Having constructed the one-loop amplitude we are able to
obtain a formula for the one-loop corrections to the anomalous dimensions of
all twist five double-trace operators.Comment: 37 pages. One ancillary file containing data on the correlator
Phantom-Like Behavior in $f(R)$-Gravity

We investigate possible realization of the phantom-like behavior in the
framework of $f(R)$-gravity models where there are no phantom fields in the
matter sector of the theory. By adopting some observationally reliable ansatz
for $f(R)$, we show that it is possible to realize phantom-like behavior in
$f(R)$-gravity without introduction of phantom fields that suffer from
instabilities and violation of the null energy condition. Depending on the
choice of $f(R)$, the null energy condition is fulfilled in some subspaces of
each model parameter space.Comment: 14 pages, Revised Version, To appear in PL
The nucleon's octet axial-charge g_A^8 with chiral corrections

The value of the nucleon's flavour-singlet axial-charge extracted from
polarised deep inelastic scattering is sensitive to the value of the octet
axial-charge g_A^8 which is usually taken from an analysis of hyperon
beta-decays within the framework of SU(3) symmetry, namely 0.58 \pm 0.03. Using
the Cloudy Bag model we find that the value of g_A^8 is reduced by as much as
20% below the usual phenomenological value. This increases the value of the
flavour singlet axial charge (g_A^0|_inv) derived from deep inelastic data and
significantly reduces the difference between it and g_A^8.Comment: 12 page
Electroweak corrections to hadronic event shapes and jet production in
  e+e- annihilation

We present a complete calculation of the electroweak O(alpha^3 alpha_s)
corrections to three-jet production and related event-shape observables at
electron--positron colliders. The Z-boson resonance is described within the
complex-mass scheme, rendering the calculation valid both in the resonance and
off-shell regions. Higher-order initial-state radiation is included in the
leading-logarithmic approximation. We properly account for the corrections to
the total hadronic cross section and for the experimental photon isolation
criteria. To this end we implement contributions of the quark-to-photon
fragmentation function both in the slicing and subtraction formalism. The
effects of the electroweak corrections on various event-shape distributions and
on the three-jet rate are studied. They are typically at the few-per-cent
level, and remnants of the radiative return are found even after inclusion of
appropriate cuts.Comment: 47 pages, 20 figure
MAGIC observation of the GRB080430 afterglow

Context: Gamma-ray bursts are cosmological sources emitting radiation from
the gamma-rays to the radio band. Substantial observational efforts have been
devoted to the study of gamma-ray bursts during the prompt phase, i.e. the
initial burst of high-energy radiation, and during the long-lasting afterglows.
In spite of many successes in interpreting these phenomena, there are still
several open key questions about the fundamental emission processes, their
energetics and the environment. Aim: Independently of specific gamma-ray burst
theoretical recipes, spectra in the GeV/TeV range are predicted to be
remarkably simple, being satisfactorily modeled with power-laws, and therefore
offer a very valuable tool to probe the extragalactic background light
distribution. Furthermore, the simple detection of a component at very-high
energies, i.e. at $\sim 100$\,GeV, would solve the ambiguity about the
importance of various possible emission processes, which provide barely
distinguishable scenarios at lower energies. Methods: We used the results of
the MAGIC telescope observation of the moderate resdhift ($z\sim0.76$)
\object{GRB\,080430} at energies above about 80\,GeV, to evaluate the
perspective for late-afterglow observations with ground based GeV/TeV
telescopes. Results: We obtained an upper limit of $F_{\rm 95%\,CL} = 5.5
\times 10^{-11}$\,erg\,cm$^{-2}$\,s$^{-1}$ for the very-high energy emission of
\object{GRB\,080430}, which cannot set further constraints on the theoretical
scenarios proposed for this object also due to the difficulties in modeling the
low-energy afterglow. Nonetheless, our observations show that Cherenkov
telescopes have already reached the required sensitivity to detect the GeV/TeV
emission of GRBs at moderate redshift ($z \lesssim 0.8$), provided the
observations are carried out at early times, close to the onset of their
afterglow phase.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. Astronomy & Astrophysics, in press. Revision
  affects only the author list
Baryogenesis in Cosmological Model with Superstring-Inspired E_6
  Unification

We have developed a concept of parallel existence of the ordinary (O) and
hidden (H) worlds with a superstring-inspired E_6 unification, broken at the
early stage of the Universe into SO(10) X U(1) - in the O-world, and SU(6)' X
SU(2)' - in the H-world. As a result, we have obtained in the hidden world the
low energy symmetry group G'_SM X SU(2)'_\theta, instead of the Standard Model
group G_SM. The additional non-Abelian SU(2)'_\theta group with massless gauge
fields, "thetons", is responsible for the dark energy. We present a
baryogenesis mechanism with the B-L asymmetry produced by the conversion of
ordinary leptons into particles of the hidden sector.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
New Constraints on Gauge Mediation and Beyond from LHC SUSY Searches at
  7 TeV

The first results from the LHC on jets plus missing energy provide powerful
new data to test SUSY models. Initial theoretical interpretations of these data
have concentrated on gravity mediation, usually the CMSSM and its variations.
In this paper we confront a large class of gauge mediation models with these
new data. More precisely we consider models of pure general gauge mediation
(pure GGM) and confront them with the recent experimental results of the ATLAS
collaboration. We use Herwig++ and RIVET, incorporating the full set of
experimental cuts, to calculate the signal rates and compare them to the data.
Although based on only 35pb^{-1} of integrated luminosity, we show that these
new data probe and exclude a portion of previously allowed parameter space of
GGM. In addition we investigate the viability of standard SUSY benchmark
points, including the Snowmass, CMS and ATLAS sets which encompass other
mediation scenarios such as gravity, anomaly and gaugino mediation.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figures, v2: reference adde
Can Naked Singularities Yield Gamma Ray Bursts?

Gamma-ray bursts are believed to be the most luminous objects in the
Universe. There has been some suggestion that these arise from quantum
processes around naked singularities. The main problem with this suggestion is
that all known examples of naked singularities are massless and hence there is
effectively no source of energy. It is argued that a globally naked singularity
coupled with quantum processes operating within a distance of the order of
Planck length of the singularity will probably yield energy burst of the order
of M_pc^2\approx2\times 10^{16} ergs, where M_p is the Planck mass.Comment: 4 pages, TeX, no figure
Implication of a light radion on the RG evolution of higgs self coupling
  in the Randall-Sundrum model

In this paper we determine how the beta funtion of the higgs self coupling
\lambda at one loop order is modified by a light stabilized radion in the
Randall-Sundrum model. We then use the modified beta function to derive a lower
bound on the radion vev <\phi>, both for perturbative and non-perturbative
values of \lambda at the ultra violet cut off \Lambda. The lower bound on
<\phi> is obtained by demanding that the renormalized coupling \lambda (\mu) at
\mu =100 GeV be consistent with the present experimental bound of 110 GeV on
the higgs mass from LEP2 searches. We also show that if \lambda (\Lambda) is
sufficiently small then an upper bound on <\phi> can be determined by requiring
that \beta (\lambda)be positive over the relevant momentum range.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 5 ps figure
Unitarity of the Higher Dimensional Standard Model

We study the unitarity of the standard model (SM) in higher dimensions. We
show that the essential features of SM unitarity remain after compactification,
and place bounds on the highest Kaluza-Klein (KK) level N_KK and the Higgs mass
m_H in the effective four-dimensional (4d) low-energy theory. We demonstrate
these general observations by explicitly analyzing the effective 4d KK theory
of a compactified 5d SM on S^1/Z_2. The nontrivial energy cancellations in the
scattering of longitudinal KK gluons or KK weak bosons, a consequence of the
geometric Higgs mechanism, are verified. In the case of the electroweak gauge
bosons, the longitudinal KK states also include a small mixture from the KK
Higgs excitations. With the analyses before and after compactification, we
derive the strongest bounds on N_KK from gauge KK scattering. Applying these
bounds to higher-dimensional SUSY GUTs implies that only a small number of KK
states can be used to accelerate gauge coupling unification. As a consequence,
we show that the GUT scale in the 5d minimal SUSY GUT cannot be lower than
about 10^{14} GeV.Comment: Version in Phys. Lett. B (minor typos fixed, refs added
Gauss-Bonnet Black Holes at the LHC : Beyond the Dimensionality of Space

The Gauss - Bonnet invariant is one of the most promising candidates for a
quadratic curvature correction to the Einstein action in expansions of
supersymmetric string theory. We study the evaporation of such Schwarzschild -
Gauss - Bonnet black holes which could be formed at future colliders if the
Planck scale is of order a TeV, as predicted by some modern brane world models.
We show that, beyond the dimensionality of space, the corresponding coupling
constant could be measured by the LHC. This opens new windows for physics
investigation in spite of the possible screening of microphysics due to the
event horizon.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Lett.
Infrared Structure at NNLO Using Antenna Subtraction

We consider the infrared structure of hadron-hadron collisions at
next-to-next-to leading order using the antenna subtraction method. The general
form of the subtraction terms is presented for double real, real-virtual and
double virtual contributions. At NLO and NNLO it is shown that the virtual and
double virtual subtraction terms can be written in terms of integrated dipoles,
formed by systematically combining the mass factorisation contributions and
integrated antenna functions. The integrated dipoles describing $\ell$
unresolved partons, denoted $\bs{J}_{2}^{(\ell)}$, are related to Catani's IR
singularity operators, $\bs{I}_{ij}^{(\ell)}(\eps)$. It is shown that the IR
pole structure of the virtual and double virtual contributions can be written
as a sum over integrated dipoles within the antenna subtraction formalism and
the master expressions analogous to Catani's one- and two-loop factorisation
formulae are derived. To demonstrate the techniques described in this paper, we
apply antenna subtraction to the production of two gluon jets via
quark-antiquark scattering at NLO and NNLO. Double real, real-virtual and
double virtual subtraction terms are explicitly derived for the leading colour
NNLO contribution.Comment: 65 pages, 7 figures, minor changes, version accepted by JHE