pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing nanostructured YSZ coatings by suspension plasma spraying (SPS): effect of injection parameters

International audienceThe suspension plasma spraying process is investigated by using shadow imaging techniques to appreciate the different trajectories of the liquid jet interacting with a DC highenergy plasma flow. Then, the modelling of different liquid injections (isolated droplet, train of droplets and continuous jet) helps to determine which injection type must be preferred. From that, coating depositions have been carried out with yttria zirconia suspension. Trajectory deviations at impact have been measured depending on the injection pressure and injection location. Coatings have been realized under the same operating investigations and their microstructures and mechanical properties have been characterized
Propagating double layers in electronegative plasmas

International audienceDouble layers have been observed to propagate from the source region to the diffusion chamber of a helicon-type reactor filled up with a low-pressure mixture of Ar/ SF 6 ͓N. Plihon et al., J. Appl. Phys. 98, 023306 ͑2005͔͒. In the present paper the most significant and new experimental results are reported. A fully self-consistent hybrid model in which the electron energy distribution function, the electron temperature, and the various source terms are calculated is developed to investigate these propagating double layers. The spontaneous formation of propagating double layers is only observed in the simulation for system in which the localized inductive heating is combined with small diameter chambers. The conditions of formation and the properties of the propagating double layers observed in the simulation are in good agreement with that of the experiment. By correlating the results of the experiment and the simulation, a formation mechanism compatible with ion two-stream instability is proposed
Magnetoresistance in magnetic nanoconstrictions: The role of structural defects Magnetoresistance in magnetic nanoconstrictions: The role of structural defects

International audienceThe resistance of a ferromagnetic cylindrical Ni nano-constriction has been measured as a function of the external magnetic field. Typical profiles of the resistance versus external field are observed with irreversible jumps separated by stable plateaus, showing systematic slow relaxation effects. An interpretation in terms of magnetomechanical strain at the level of the constriction is proposed. This scenario allows the slow relaxation behaviour to be understood in terms of displacement of dislocations or similar metastable structural defects. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803702
Identification of Biological Regulatory Networks from Process Hitting models

International audienceQualitative formalisms offer a well-established alternative to the more tradi-tionally used differential equation models of Biological Regulatory Networks (BRNs). These formalisms led to numerous theoretical works and practical tools to understand emerging behaviors. The analysis of the dynamics of very large models is however a rather hard problem, which led us to previously in-troduce the Process Hitting framework (PH), which is a particular class of non-deterministic asynchronous automata network (or safe Petri nets). Its major advantage lies in the efficiency of several static analyses recently designed to assess dynamical properties, making it possible to tackle very large models. In this paper, we address the formal identification of qualitative models of BRNs from PH models. First, the inference of the Interaction Graph from a PH model summarizes the signed influences between the components that are effective for the dynamics. Second, we provide the inference of all René-Thomas models of BRNs that are compatible with a given PH. As the PH allows the specification of nondeterministic interactions between components, our inference emphasizes the ability of PH to deal with large BRNs with incomplete knowledge on interactions, where Thomas's approach fails because of the combinatorics of parameters. The inference of corresponding Thomas models is implemented using An-swer Set Programming, which allows in particular an efficient enumeration of (possibly numerous) compatible parametrizations
Hamiltonian Evolution of Monokinetic Measures with Rough Momentum Profile

35 pages; main theorems gathered in section 2; examples and counterexamples gathered in section 3; examples 3.1 and 3.4 added; example 3.3 extended to the case of smooth momentum profiles; proof of Maslov's Theorem 1.1 (formerly Proposition 7.4) removed; some typos corrected.International audienceConsider in the phase space of classical mechanics a Radon measure that is a probability density carried by the graph of a Lipschitz continuous (or even less regular) vector field. We study the structure of the push-forward of such a measure by a Hamiltonian flow. In particular, we provide an estimate on the number of folds in the support of the transported measure that is the image of the initial graph by the flow. We also study in detail the type of singularities in the projection of the transported measure in configuration space (averaging out the momentum variable). We study the conditions under which this projected measure can have atoms, and give an example in which the projected measure is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure and diffuse. We discuss applications of our results to the classical limit of the Schrödinger equation. Finally we present various examples and counterexamples showing that our results are sharp
The Search Coil Magnetometer for THEMIS

International audienceTHEMIS instruments incorporate a tri-axial Search Coil Magnetometer (SCM) designed to measure the magnetic components of waves associated with substorm breakup and expansion. The three search coil antennas cover the same frequency bandwidth, from 0.1 Hz to 4 kHz, in the ULF/ELF frequency range. They extend, with appropriate Noise Equivalent Magnetic Induction (NEMI) and sufficient overlap, the measurements of the fluxgate magnetometers. The NEMI of the searchcoil antennas and associated pre-amplifiers is smaller than 0.76 pT/ p Hz at 10 Hz.The analog signals produced by the searchcoils and associated preamplifiers are digitized and processed inside the IDPU, together with data from the EFI instrument. Searchcoil telemetry includes waveform transmission, FFT processed data, and data from a filter bank. The frequency range covered in waveform depends on the available telemetry. The searchcoils and their three axis structures have been precisely calibrated in a quiet site, and the calibration of the transfer function is checked on board usually once per orbit. The tri-axial searchcoils implemented on the five THEMIS spacecraft are working nominally
Tangential derivative of singular boundary integrals with respect to the position of collocation points.

This paper investigates the evaluation of the sensitivity, with respect to tangential perturbations of the singular point, of boundary integrals having either weak or strong singularity. Both scalar potential and elastic problems are considered. A proper definition of the derivative of a strongly singular integral with respect to singular point perturbations should accommodate the concomitant perturbation of the vanishing exclusion neighbourhood involved in the limiting process used in the definition of the integral itself. This is done here by esorting to a shape sensitivity approach, considering a particular class of infinitesimal domain perturbations that move individual points, and especially the singular point, but leave the initial domain globally unchanged. This somewhat indirect strategy provides a proper mathematical setting for the analysis. Moreover, the resulting sensitivity expressions apply to arbitrary potential-type integrals with densities only subjected to some regularity requirements at the singular point, and thus are applicable to approximate as well as exact BEM solutions. Quite remarkable is the fact that the analysis is applicable when the singular point is located on an edge and simply continuous elements are used. The hypersingular BIE residual function is found to be equal to the derivative of the strongly singular BIE residual when the same values of the boundary variables are substituted in both SBIE and HBIE formulations, with interesting consequences for some error indicator computation strategies
Youngest Toba Tuff in the Son Valley, India: a weak and discontinuous stratigraphic marker

International audienceInvestigation of the climatic and environmental impacts of the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT, ∼74 ka BP) eruption of Toba volcano, Sumatra, is crucial for understanding the consequences of the eruption for contemporaneous human populations. The Middle Son Valley, in India, was the first locality on the Indian subcontinent where the YTT was reported. The ash bed forms a discontinuous layer stretching for over 30 km along the river. Here we report on the stratigraphic contexts of YTT ash layers in alluvial deposits of the Middle Son Valley, in order to reconstruct the taphonomy of the ash deposits and the dynamic of their deposition. Although the distal ash has been studied since the 1980s, its stratigraphic integrity and the mechanisms and pathways involved in its transport and deposition have bit previously been assessed. We find that the YTT occurrences in the Middle Son Valley may not be reliable chronostratigraphical markers for millennial scale palaeoenvironmental reconstruction
Organic matter sources and decay assessment in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland (Le Forbonnet, Jura Mountains, France). Impact of moisture conditions.

International audienceIn a context of climate change peatlands may switch from a sink to a source of carbon (C). The induced positive feedbacks are closely linked to C dynamics, and thus to the fate of organic matter (OM) in the underlying peat. Our aims were to determine how moisture conditions in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland affect the dynamics of diagenetic sensitive OM which is thought to be the most reactive to warming effects. The approach was based on the identification of combined bulk and molecular bioindicators of OM sources and decay of peat profiles (up to 50 cm in depth) from two moisture conditions of the Le Forbonnet peatland (Jura Mountains, France). The (xylose+arabinose)/(galactose+rhamnose+mannose) ratio derived from the analysis of neutral monosaccharides was used to obtain indications on the botanical origin of the peat and tended to indicate a greater contribution of Cyperaceae in the deepest parts of the peat. Most bioindicators showed that OM decay increased with depth and was higher in the driest conditions. In these conditions, decay was shown by a loss of diagenetic sensitive oxygen-rich OM, probably leached by water table fluctuations. Decay intensity was also shown by the high ribose and lyxose contents at the peat surface, where microscopic observations also revealed relatively large quantities of fungal hyphae. The sugars could have arisen from microbial synthesis, primarily protozoan and fungal activity. These results suggest that water level changes preferentially impact biochemical changes in diagenetic sensitive OM, believed to be sensitive to drought events
Three-dimensional analysis of load transfer micro-mechanisms in fibre/matrix composites

International audienceThis study gives a detailed analysis of load distributions around fibre breaks in a composite. In contrast to other studies reported in the literature, the analysis considers different configurations of composite damage from the failure of a few to the failure of many fibres. The model considers three types of matrix behaviours (elastic, elastic–plastic and viscoelastic) with or without debonding at the broken fibre/matrix interface. In this way, the usual limitations of the finite element approach are overcome so as to take into account the number and interactions of broken fibres whilst maintaining an evaluation of the various fields (stresses in particular)
When the nose must remain responsive: glutathione conjugation of the mammary pheromone in the newborn rabbit

In insects, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were demonstrated to regulate pheromones inactivation, clearing them from the olfactory periphery and keeping receptors ready for stimulation renewal. Here, we investigate whether similar processes could occur in mammals, focusing on the pheromonal communication between female rabbits and their newborns. Lactating rabbits emit in their milk a volatile aldehyde, 2-methylbut-2-enal, that elicits searching-grasping in neonates; called the mammary pheromone (MP), it is critical for pups which are constrained to find nipples within the 5 min of daily nursing. For newborns, it is thus essential to remain sensitive to this odorant during the whole nursing period to display several actions of sucking. Here, we show that the MP is enzymatically conjugated to glutathione in newborn olfactory epithelium (OE), in accordance with the high mRNA expression of glutathione transferases evidenced by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. This activity in the nose is higher than in the liver and in OE of newborns compared with weanlings (no more responsive to the pheromone). Therefore, the results pinpoint the existence of a high level of MP-glutathione conjugation activity in the OE of young rabbits, especially in the developmental window where the perceptual sensitivity toward the MP is crucial for survival
Nonlinear mechanism of plasmon damping in electron gas

At plasmon resonance, the condition of applicability of the linear response theory, which is the smallness of the oscillating field, evidently breaks down. We suggest a variant of the quadratic response theory which remains valid near and at plasma frequency and demonstrate that, as could be anticipated, the nonlinearity serves itself to restrict the amplitude of plasma oscillations, thus providing a mechanism of “nonlinear damping.” We apply this approach to calculate the damping of plasmon in two-dimensional electron gas below the threshold wave vector, which damping has recently been observed experimentally in the S1 surface band of Si(111)-sqrt[3]×sqrt[3]-Ag
Local electric-field-induced oxidation of titanium nitride films

[[abstract]]Nanometer-scale patterning of TiN films grown on SiO2/Si(001) has been demonstrated using the local electric-field-induced oxidation process with a conductive-probe atomic force microscope. The chemical composition of the modified TiN region was determined by micro-Auger electron spectroscopy and was found to consist of Ti, some trace amount of N, and O, suggesting the formation of titanium oxynitride in the near surface region. The dependence of the oxide height on the sample bias voltage with a fixed scanning speed shows a nonlinear trend in the high electric field regime, indicating that the growth kinetics might be significantly different from previous studies using other film materials.[[fileno]]2010124010017[[department]]物理
2,000 Families: identifying the research potential of an origins-of-migration study

Despite recent advances, critical areas in the analysis of European migration remain underdeveloped. We have only a limited understanding of the consequences of migration for migrants and their descendants, relative to staying behind; and our insights of intergenerational transmission is limited to two generations of those living in the destination countries. These limitations stem from a paucity of studies that incorporate comparison with non-migrants – and return migrants – in countries of origin and which trace processes of intergenerational transmission over multiple generations. This paper outlines the theoretical and methodological discussions in the field, design and data of the 2,000 Families study. The study comprises almost 50,000 members of migrant and non-migrant Turkish families across three family generations, living in Turkey and eight European countries. We provide indicative findings from the study, framed within a theoretical perspective of “dissimilation” from origins, and reflect on its potential for future migration research
Situational factors in safety critical software development

The generic software development situational factors model has been developed in order that environments within which software is developed can be profiled and better understood. Situational context is a complex concern for software developers, with a broad set of situational factors holding the potential to affect any one software development project. Safety critical software development is broadly similar to other kinds of software development / engineering. But there are some additional or more dominant situational factors. In this article we conduct a conceptual experiment to define safety critical software development context using situational factors. Eleven such factors are identified, with some of the factors requiring elaboration beyond the detail presently available in the generic situational factors model. We firstly discuss the appropriateness of the selected factors in generic safety critical software development context. Thereafter we apply the selected factors to the medical device and nuclear power domains. Selected situational factors can be used as a high level profile and starting point for more detailed process and safety assessment. Discussion about potential use cases and further development needs is also presented
Learning Bayesian networks with low inference complexity

One of the main research topics in machine\ud
learning nowadays is the improvement of the inference and\ud
learning processes in probabilistic graphical models. Traditionally,\ud
inference and learning have been treated separately,\ud
but given that the structure of the model conditions the\ud
inference complexity, most learning methods will sometimes\ud
produce inefficient inference models. In this paper we\ud
propose a framework for learning low inference complexity\ud
Bayesian networks. For that, we use a representation of\ud
the network factorization that allows efficiently evaluating\ud
an upper bound in the inference complexity of each model\ud
during the learning process. Experimental results show that\ud
the proposed methods obtain tractable models that improve\ud
the accuracy of the predictions provided by approximate\ud
inference in models obtained with a well-known Bayesian\ud
network learner
Spin waves in CoFeB on ferroelectric domains combining spin mechanics and magnonics

Spin dynamics controlled by magnetoelastic coupling and applied electric fields might play a vital role in future developments of magnonics, i.e., the exploitation of spin waves for the transmission and processing of information. We have performed broadband spin-wave spectroscopy on a magnetostrictive CoFeB alloy grown on a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate causing elastic strain with a quasi-periodic modulation. We find characteristic eigenfrequencies and spin-wave modes with large group velocities and small damping. These results suggest bright perspectives for electric-field control of reprogrammable magnonics.Peer reviewe
Mutations in SNX14 Cause a Distinctive Autosomal-Recessive Cerebellar Ataxia and Intellectual Disability Syndrome

Intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy occur together in a large number of genetic conditions and are frequently associated with microcephaly and/or epilepsy. Here we report the identification of causal mutations in Sorting Nexin 14 (SNX14) found in seven affected individuals from three unrelated consanguineous families who presented with recessively inherited moderate-severe intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, early-onset cerebellar atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and the distinctive association of progressively coarsening facial features, relative macrocephaly, and the absence of seizures. We used homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to identify a homozygous nonsense mutation and an in-frame multiexon deletion in two families. A homozygous splice site mutation was identified by Sanger sequencing of SNX14 in a third family, selected purely by phenotypic similarity. This discovery confirms that these characteristic features represent a distinct and recognizable syndrome. SNX14 encodes a cellular protein containing Phox (PX) and regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domains. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis predicts that SNX14 is highly coexpressed with genes involved in cellular protein metabolism and vesicle-mediated transport. All three mutations either directly affected the PX domain or diminished SNX14 levels, implicating a loss of normal cellular function. This manifested as increased cytoplasmic vacuolation as observed in cultured fibroblasts. Our findings indicate an essential role for SNX14 in neural development and function, particularly in development and maturation of the cerebellum
Development of morphogen gradient: The role of dimension and discreteness

The fundamental processes of biological development are governed by multiple signaling molecules that create non-uniform concentration profiles known as morphogen gradients. It is widely believed that the establishment of morphogen gradients is a result of complex processes that involve diffusion and degradation of locally produced signaling molecules. We developed a multi-dimensional discrete-state stochastic approach for investigating the corresponding reaction-diffusion models. It provided a full analytical description for stationary profiles and for important dynamic properties such as local accumulation times, variances, and mean first-passage times. The role of discreteness in developing of morphogen gradients is analyzed by comparing with available continuum descriptions. It is found that the continuum models prediction about multiple time scales near the source region in two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems is not supported in our analysis. Using ideas that view the degradation process as an effective potential, the effect of dimensionality on establishment of morphogen gradients is also discussed. In addition, we investigated how these reaction-diffusion processes are modified with changing the size of the source region
Failure to control hypercholesterolaemia in the Irish adult population: cross-sectional analysis of the baseline wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

Background. Hypercholesterolaemia is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) which requires monitoring and management at a population level.\ud
Aims. This study aims to describe the distribution of serum cholesterol in a community living population of older adults in Ireland and to examine the awareness, treatment and control of hypercholesterolaemia according to CVD risk status.\ud
Method. This is a cross-sectional study in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50–79 years\ud
(n = 5287). Hypercholesterolaemia was defined as lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in excess of the recommended CVD risk category target and/or on lipidlowering medication.\ud
Results. This study reports a mean total cholesterol (TC) of 5.1 mmol/L (95% CI 5.0–5.1 mmol/L) and a mean LDL-C of 2.9 mmol/L (95% CI 2.8–2.9 mmol/L) in those aged 50–79 years. In a subgroup aged 50–64 years, 73% (95% CI 71.5–74.5%) were hypercholesterolaemic. LDL-C was controlled to the guideline target in 57% of those with CVD and 49% of those with diabetes. Lack of awareness of hypercholesterolaemia was high across the remainder of the population. \ud
Conclusion. Despite a substantial reduction in population mean TC from a high of 6.0 mmol/L in the 1980s to 5.1 mmol/L, this study reports a failure to control hypercholesterolaemia to recommended risk-stratified targets in the Irish adult population. Recommendations for policy include continued monitoring of those at highest risk and CVD risk assessment in those perceived to be at low risk in order to inform shared decision making in relation to lifestyle modification and medication management