pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Origin of Electron Cyclotron Maser Induced Radio Emissions at Ultracool Dwarfs: Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Currents

A number of ultracool dwarfs emit circularly polarized radio waves generated by the electron cyclotron maser instability. In the solar system such radio is emitted from regions of strong auroral magnetic-field-aligned currents. We thus apply ideas developed for Jupiter’s magnetosphere, being a well-studied rotationally dominated analog in our solar system, to the case of fast-rotating UCDs. We explain the properties of the radio emission from UCDs by showing that it would arise from the electric currents resulting from an angular velocity shear in the fast-rotating magnetic field and plasma, i.e., by an extremely powerful analog of the process that causes Jupiter’s auroras. Such a velocity gradient indicates that these bodies interact significantly with their space environment, resulting in intense auroral emissions. These results strongly suggest that auroras occur on bodies outside our solar system.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
WASP-52b, WASP-58b, WASP-59b, and WASP-60b: Four new transiting close-in giant planets

We present the discovery of four new transiting hot Jupiters, detected mainly from SuperWASP-North and SOPHIE observations. These new planets, WASP-52b, WASP-58b, WASP-59b, and WASP-60b, have orbital periods ranging from 1.7 to 7.9 days, masses between 0.46 and 0.94 MJup, and radii between 0.73 and 1.49 RJup. Their G1 to K5 dwarf host stars have V magnitudes in the range 11.7−13.0. The depths of the transits are between 0.6 and 2.7%, depending on the target. With their large radii, WASP-52b and WASP-58b are new cases of low-density, inflated planets, whereas WASP-59b is likely to have a large, dense core. WASP-60 shows shallow transits. In the case of WASP-52 we also detected the Rossiter-McLaughlin anomaly via time-resolved spectroscopy of a transit. We measured the sky-projected obliquity λ = 24° +17-9, indicating that WASP-52b orbits in the same direction as its host star isrotating and that this prograde orbit is slightly misaligned with the stellar equator. These four new planetary systems increase our statistics on hot Jupiters and provide new targets for follow-up studies.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
An in vitro comparison of embolus differentiation techniques for clinically significant macroemboli : dual-frequency technique versus frequency modulation method

The ability to distinguish harmful solid cerebral emboli from gas bubbles intra-operatively has potential to direct interventions to reduce the risk of brain injury. In this in vitro study, two embolus discrimination techniques, dual-frequency (DF) and frequency modulation (FM) methods, are simultaneously compared to assess discrimination of potentially harmful large pieces of carotid plaque debris (0.5-1.55 mm) and thrombus-mimicking material (0.5-2 mm) from gas bubbles (0.01-2.5 mm). Detection of plaque and thrombus-mimic using the DF technique yielded disappointing results, with four out of five particles being misclassified (sensitivity: 18%; specificity: 89%). Although the FM method offered improved sensitivity, a higher number of false positives were observed (sensitivity: 72%; specificity: 50%). Optimum differentiation was achieved using the difference between peak embolus/blood ratio and mean embolus/blood ratio (sensitivity: 77%; specificity: 81%). We conclude that existing DF and FM techniques are unable to confidently distinguish large solid emboli from small gas bubbles (<50 μm).Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier protein SUMO enables plants to control growth independently of the phytohormone gibberellin.

Plants survive adverse conditions by modulating their growth in response to a changing environment. Gibberellins (GAs) play a key role in these adaptive responses by stimulating the degradation of growth-repressing DELLA proteins. GA binding to its receptor GID1 enables association of GID1 with DELLAs. This leads to the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of DELLAs and consequently growth promotion. We report that DELLA-dependent growth control can be regulated independently of GA. We demonstrate that when a proportion of DELLAs is conjugated to the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) protein, the extent of conjugation increases during stress. We identify a SUMO-interacting motif in GID1 and demonstrate that SUMO-conjugated DELLA binds to this motif in a GA-independent manner. The consequent sequestration of GID1 by SUMO-conjugated DELLAs leads to an accumulation of non-SUMOylated DELLAs, resulting in beneficial growth restraint during stress. We conclude that plants have developed a GA-independent mechanism to control growth
Late development of cue integration is linked to sensory fusion in cortex.

Adults optimize perceptual judgements by integrating different types of sensory information [ 1, 2 ]. This engages specialized neural circuits that fuse signals from the same [ 3–5 ] or different [ 6 ] modalities. Whereas young children can use sensory cues independently, adult-like precision gains from cue combination only emerge around ages 10 to 11 years [ 7–9 ]. Why does it take so long to make best use of sensory information? Existing data cannot distinguish whether this (1) reflects surprisingly late changes in sensory processing (sensory integration mechanisms in the brain are still developing) or (2) depends on post-perceptual changes (integration in sensory cortex is adult-like, but higher-level decision processes do not access the information) [ 10 ]. We tested visual depth cue integration in the developing brain to distinguish these possibilities. We presented children aged 6–12 years with displays depicting depth from binocular disparity and relative motion and made measurements using psychophysics, retinotopic mapping, and pattern classification fMRI. Older children (>10.5 years) showed clear evidence for sensory fusion in V3B, a visual area thought to integrate depth cues in the adult brain [ 3–5 ]. By contrast, in younger children (<10.5 years), there was no evidence for sensory fusion in any visual area. This significant age difference was paired with a shift in perceptual performance around ages 10 to 11 years and could not be explained by motion artifacts, visual attention, or signal quality differences. Thus, whereas many basic visual processes mature early in childhood [ 11, 12 ], the brain circuits that fuse cues take a very long time to develop
How anxiety induces verbal hallucinations.

Verbal hallucinations are often associated with pronounced feelings of anxiety, and it has also been suggested that anxiety somehow triggers them. In this paper, we offer a phenomenological or ‘personal-level’ account of how it does so. We show how anxious anticipation of one’s own thought contents can generate an experience of their being ‘alien’. It does so by making an experience of thinking more like one of perceiving, resulting in an unfamiliar kind of intentional state. This accounts for a substantial subset of verbal hallucinations, which are experienced as falling within one’s psychological boundaries and lacking in auditory qualities
The front line : firefighting in British culture, 1939 - 1945

This article examines cultural depictions of firemen during the Second World War in film, radio and the press. It focuses on the masculine identities ascribed to those unable to fulfil the idealised masculine role of being in the armed forces. The article argues that firemen’s role in the defence of Britain gave them access to many, if not all, of the ideal attributes more commonly associated with the venerated image of the armed forces hero. However, such an image was temporally specific and only prominent during the months of the Blitz. As such, this article imparts important knowledge about men and masculinity in this period
Mayer expansion of the Nekrasov pre potential: the subleading
  $\epsilon_2$-order

The Mayer cluster expansion technique is applied to the Nekrasov instanton
partition function of $\mathcal{N}=2$ $SU(N_c)$ super Yang-Mills. The
subleading small $\epsilon_2$-correction to the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limiting
value of the prepotential is determined by a detailed analysis of all the
one-loop diagrams. Indeed, several types of contributions can be distinguished
according to their origin: long range interaction or potential expansion,
clusters self-energy, internal structure, one-loop cyclic diagrams, etc.. The
field theory result derived more efficiently in [1], under some minor technical
assumptions, receives here definite confirmation thanks to several remarkable
cancellations: in this way, we may infer the validity of these assumptions for
further computations in the field theoretical approach.Comment: 29 pages, 9 figure
Exploring the crowded central region of 10 Galactic globular clusters
  using EMCCDs. Variable star searches and new discoveries

Obtain time-series photometry of the very crowded central regions of Galactic
globular clusters with better angular resolution than previously achieved with
conventional CCDs on ground-based telescopes to complete, or improve, the
census of the variable star population in those stellar systems. Images were
taken using the Danish 1.54-m Telescope at the ESO observatory at La Silla in
Chile. The telescope was equipped with an electron-multiplying CCD and the
short-exposure-time images obtained (10 images per second) were stacked using
the shift-and-add technique to produce the normal-exposure-time images
(minutes). Photometry was performed via difference image analysis. Automatic
detection of variable stars in the field was attempted. The light curves of
12541 stars in the cores of 10 globular clusters were statistically analysed in
order to automatically extract the variable stars. We obtained light curves for
31 previously known variable stars (3 L, 2 SR, 20 RR Lyrae, 1 SX Phe, 3
cataclysmic variables, 1 EW and 1 NC) and we discovered 30 new variables (16 L,
7 SR, 4 RR Lyrae, 1 SX Phe and 2 NC).Comment: 23 pages, 39 figures and 13 tables. Accepted for publication in the
  Astronomy & Astrophysics Journal (A&A
Charged-particle distributions in $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ interactions
  measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle distributions are measured in proton-proton collisions at a
centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a data sample of nearly 9 million
events, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 170 $\mu$b$^{-1}$,
recorded by the ATLAS detector during a special Large Hadron Collider fill. The
charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and
pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on the
charged-particle multiplicity are presented. The measurements are performed
with charged particles with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV and
absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5, in events with at least one charged
particle satisfying these kinematic requirements. Additional measurements in a
reduced phase space with absolute pseudorapidity less than 0.8 are also
presented, in order to compare with other experiments. The results are
corrected for detector effects, presented as particle-level distributions and
are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators.Comment: 20 pages, plus author list - 37 pages total, 4 figures, 2 tables.
  Published in Phys. Lett. B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-02
Search for direct pair production of scalar top quarks in the single-
  and dilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

Results are reported from a search for the top squark, the lighter of the two
supersymmetric partners of the top quark. The data sample corresponds to 19.7
inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV collected
with the CMS detector at the LHC. The search targets top squark to b chi+/- and
top squark to t(*) chi0 decay modes, where chi+/- and chi0 are the lightest
chargino and neutralino, respectively. The reconstructed final state consists
of jets, b jets, missing transverse energy, and either one or two leptons.
Leading backgrounds are determined from data. No significant excess in data is
observed above the expectation from standard model processes. The results
exclude a region of the two-dimensional plane of possible top squark and chi0
masses. The highest excluded top squark and chi0 masses are about 700 GeV and
250 GeV, respectively.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-14-015/index.htm
The global surface composition of 67P/CG nucleus by Rosetta/VIRTIS. I)
  Prelanding mission phase

From August to November 2014 the Rosetta orbiter has performed an extensive
observation campaign aimed at the characterization of 67P/CG nucleus properties
and to the selection of the Philae landing site. The campaign led to the
production of a global map of the illuminated portion of 67P/CG nucleus. During
this prelanding phase the comet's heliocentric distance decreased from 3.62 to
2.93 AU while Rosetta was orbiting around the nucleus at distances between 100
to 10 km. VIRTIS-M, the Visible and InfraRed Thermal Imaging Spectrometer -
Mapping channel (Coradini et al. 2007) onboard the orbiter, has acquired
0.25-5.1 micron hyperspectral data of the entire illuminated surface, e.g. the
north hemisphere and the equatorial regions, with spatial resolution between
2.5 and 25 m/pixel. I/F spectra have been corrected for thermal emission
removal in the 3.5-5.1 micron range and for surface's photometric response. The
resulting reflectance spectra have been used to compute several Cometary
Spectral Indicators (CSI): single scattering albedo at 0.55 micron, 0.5-0.8
micron and 1.0-2.5 micron spectral slopes, 3.2 micron organic material and 2.0
micron water ice band parameters (center, depth) with the aim to map their
spatial distribution on the surface and to study their temporal variability as
the nucleus moved towards the Sun. Indeed, throughout the investigated period,
the nucleus surface shows a significant increase of the single scattering
albedo along with a decrease of the 0.5-0.8 and 1.0-2.5 micron spectral slopes,
indicating a flattening of the reflectance. We attribute the origin of this
effect to the partial removal of the dust layer caused by the increased
contribution of water sublimation to the gaseous activity as comet crossed the
frost-line.Comment: 19 Figures, 5 Tables. Accepted for publication in Icarus journal on
  29 February 201
Search for new phenomena in events with a photon and missing transverse
  momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in events with an energetic photon and
large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron
Collider are reported. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at
a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of
3.2 $\rm fb^{-1}$. The observed data are in agreement with the Standard Model
expectations. Exclusion limits are presented in models of new phenomena
including pair production of dark matter candidates or large extra spatial
dimensions. In a simplified model of dark matter and an axial-vector mediator,
the search excludes mediator masses of up to 710 GeV for dark matter candidate
masses up to 150 GeV. In an effective theory of dark matter production, values
of the suppression scale $M_*$ up to 570 GeV are excluded and the effect of
truncation for various coupling values is reported. For the ADD large extra
spatial dimension model the search places more stringent limits than earlier
searches in the same event topology, excluding $M_{\rm D}$ up to about 2.3
(2.8) TeV for two (six) additional spatial dimensions; the limits are reduced
by 20--40% depending on the number of additional spatial dimensions when
applying a truncation procedure.Comment: 23 pages (+ author list: 40 pages in total), 9 figures, 2 tables.
  Submitted to J. High Energy Phys., All figures including auxiliary figures
  are available at:
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2015-05
Soluble components of the flagellar export apparatus, FliI, FliJ, and FliH, do not deliver flagellin, the major filament protein, from the cytosol to the export gate.

Flagella, the locomotion organelles of bacteria, extend from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior. External flagellar proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and exported by the flagellar type III secretion system. Soluble components of the flagellar export apparatus, FliI, FliH, and FliJ, have been implicated to carry late export substrates in complex with their cognate chaperones from the cytoplasm to the export gate. The importance of the soluble components in the delivery of the three minor late substrates FlgK, FlgL (hook-filament junction) and FliD (filament-cap) has been convincingly demonstrated, but their role in the transport of the major filament component flagellin (FliC) is still unclear. We have used continuous ATPase activity measurements and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies to characterize interactions between the soluble export components  and flagellin or the FliC:FliS substrate-chaperone complex. As controls, interactions between soluble export component pairs were characterized providing  Kd values. FliC or FliC:FliS did not influence the ATPase activity of FliI alone  or in complex with FliH and/or FliJ suggesting lack of interaction in solution. Immobilized FliI, FliH, or FliJ did not interact with FliC or FliC:FliS detected  by QCM. The lack of interaction in the fluid phase between FliC or FliC:FliS and  the soluble export components, in particular with the ATPase FliI, suggests that  cells use different mechanisms for the export of late minor substrates, and the major substrate, FliC. It seems that the abundantly produced flagellin does not require the assistance of the soluble export components to efficiently reach the  export gate
Disordered regions in transmembrane proteins.

The functions of transmembrane proteins in living cells are widespread; they range from various transport processes to energy production, from cell-cell adhesion to communication. Structurally, they are highly ordered in their membrane-spanning regions, but may contain disordered regions in the cytosolic and extra-cytosolic parts. In this study, we have investigated the disordered regions in transmembrane proteins by a stringent definition of disordered residues on the currently available largest experimental dataset, and show a significant correlation between the spatial distributions of positively charged residues and disordered regions. This finding suggests a new role of disordered regions in transmembrane proteins by providing structural flexibility for stabilizing interactions with negatively charged head groups of the lipid molecules. We also find a preference of structural disorder in the terminal - as  opposed to loop - regions in transmembrane proteins, and survey the respective functions involved in recruiting other proteins or mediating allosteric signaling effects. Finally, we critically compare disorder prediction methods on our transmembrane protein set. While there are no major differences between these methods using the usual statistics, such as per residue accuracies, Matthew's correlation coefficients, etc.; substantial differences can be found regarding the spatial distribution of the predicted disordered regions. We conclude that a  predictor optimized for transmembrane proteins would be of high value to the field of structural disorder
Search for long-lived, heavy particles in final states with a muon and multi-track displaced vertex in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Many extensions of the Standard Model posit the existence of heavy particles with long lifetimes. In this Letter, results are presented of a search for events containing one or more such particles, which decay at a significant distance from their production point, using a final state containing charged hadrons and an associated muon. This analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb(-1) collected in 2011 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Results are interpreted in the context of R-parity violating supersymmetric scenarios. No events in the signal region are observed and limits are set on the production cross section for pair production of supersymmetric particles, multiplied by the square of the branching fraction for a neutralino to decay to charged hadrons and a muon, based on the scenario where both of the produced supersymmetric particles give rise to neutralinos that decay in this way. However, since the search strategy is based on triggering on and reconstructing the decay products of individual long-lived particles, irrespective of the rest of the event, these limits can easily be reinterpreted in scenarios with different numbers of long-lived particles per event. The limits are presented as a function of neutralino lifetime, and for a range of squark and neutralino masses
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in dileptonic decays of top quark pairs in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)A measurement of the top-antitop (t (t) over bar) charge asymmetry is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb(-1) of LHC pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Events with two charged leptons, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum are selected. Two observables are studied: A(C)(ll) based on the identified charged leptons, and A(C)(t (t) over bar), based on the reconstructed t (t) over bar final state. The asymmetries are measured to be A(C)(ll) =0.024 +/- 0.015 (stat.) +/- 0.009 (syst.),A(C)(t (t) over bar) = 0.021 +/- 0.025 (stat.) +/- 0.017 (syst.).The measured values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions
Hypervulnerability to Sound Exposure through Impaired Adaptive Proliferation of Peroxisomes.

International audienceA deficiency in pejvakin, a protein of unknown function, causes a strikingly heterogeneous form of human deafness. Pejvakin-deficient (Pjvk(-/-)) mice also exhibit variable auditory phenotypes. Correlation between their hearing thresholds and the number of pups per cage suggest a possible harmful effect of pup vocalizations. Direct sound or electrical stimulation show that the cochlear sensory hair cells and auditory pathway neurons of Pjvk(-/-) mice and patients are exceptionally vulnerable to sound. Subcellular analysis revealed that pejvakin is associated with peroxisomes and required for their oxidative-stress-induced proliferation. Pjvk(-/-) cochleas display features of marked oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses, and peroxisomes in Pjvk(-/-) hair cells show structural abnormalities after the onset of hearing. Noise exposure rapidly upregulates Pjvk cochlear transcription in wild-type mice and triggers peroxisome proliferation in hair cells and primary auditory neurons. Our results reveal that the antioxidant activity of peroxisomes protects the auditory system against noise-induced damage