pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Molten-Salt-Assisted Self-Assembly (MASA)-Synthesis Mesoporous Metal Titanate-Titania, Metal Sulfide-Titania, and Metal Selenide-Titania Thin Films

Cataloged from PDF version of article.New synthetic strategies are needed for the assembly of porous metal titanates and metal chalcogenite-titania thin films for various energy applications. Here, a new synthetic approach is introduced in which two solvents and two surfactants are used. Both surfactants are necessary to accommodate the desired amount of salt species in the hydrophilic domains of the mesophase. The process is called a molten-salt-assisted self-assembly (MASA) because the salt species are in the molten phase and act as a solvent to assemble the ingredients into a mesostructure and they react with titania to form mesoporous metal titanates during the annealing step. The mesoporous metal titanate (meso-Zn2TiO4 and meso-CdTiO3) thin films are reacted under H2S or H2Se gas at room temperature to yield high quality transparent mesoporous metal chalcogenides. The H2Se reaction produces rutile and brookite titania phases together with nanocrystalline metal selenides and H2S reaction of meso-CdTiO3 yields nanocrystalline anatase and CdS in the spatially confined pore walls. Two different metal salts (zinc nitrate hexahydrate and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate) are tested to demonstrate the generality of the new assembly process. The meso-TiO2-CdSe film shows photoactivity under sunlight
Manganese Catalysts to Obtain Olefins from C[1]-C[4] Alkanes

Oxidative transformations of C[1]-C[4] alkanes into olefins on oxide manganese catalysts were under study. We also studied oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) into ethylene on deposited and applied on the silicon dioxide catalysts. We studied the influence of chemical composition of catalyst and promotors on the OCM. Adding a little amount of ethane and propane hydrocarbons to methane allows increasing the concentration of ethylene in gases and significantly increasing productivity in ethylene. The study also shows the impact of the amount of manganese and promotors applied on SiO[2] on the yield of olefins during the conversion of C[3]-C[4] alkanes
Addressing the treatment gap and societal impact of epilepsy in Rwanda: results of a survey conducted in 2005 and subsequent actions

This study, supported by the Rwandan Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization, was conducted in 2005 to determine the prevalence of epilepsy and its sociocultural perception in Rwanda, as well as epilepsy-related knowledge and practices of health-care professionals (HCPs). A cross-sectional, nationally representative survey was conducted throughout Rwanda by trained investigators. Participants were recruited by random cluster sampling based on the organization of administrative units in the country. Overall, 1137 individuals (62% from rural areas) were interviewed. The prevalence of epilepsy was estimated to be 49 per 1000 people or 41 per 1000 for active epilepsy. Onset of epilepsy before the age of 2 years was reported in 32% of the cases. Family history of epilepsy, head trauma, and premature delivery were reported in 53%, 50%, and 68% of the cases, respectively. Most (68%) patients did not receive any medical treatment for epilepsy; 21.5% had received some form of traditional treatment. According to responses from the general population, people with epilepsy should not be entitled to schooling (according to 66%), to work (according to 72%), to the use of public places (according to 69%), or to marriage (according to 66%). Furthermore, 50% believed that epilepsy was untreatable, and 40% thought that it was transmissible. Of the 29 HCPs interviewed, the majority knew the definition of epilepsy and status epilepticus, as well as basic treatment options and side effects. However, 90% believed that treatment was only necessary in the first week after a seizure. Living with epilepsy was associated heavily with stigma, and a significant treatment gap (68%) was identified. Following this study, numerous actions have been taken by the Rwandan government, the Rwandan League Against Epilepsy, and several non-governmental organizations to increase awareness about epilepsy and to close the treatment gap. An overview of these activities is provided
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s=7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el nombre del que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere y los autores que firman como pertenecientes a la UAMA search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of √ s =7 TeV proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous result
Exploring the critical dependence of adsorption of various dyes on the degradation rate using Ln 3+-TiO 2 surface under UV/solar light

The degradation of structurally different anionic dyes like Alizarin Red S (ARS) Amaranth (AR), Brilliant Yellow (BY), Congo Red (CR), Fast Red (FR), Methyl Orange (MO), and Methyl Red (MR) were carried out using Ln 3+ (Ln 3+ = La 3+, Ce 3+ and Gd 3+) doped TiO 2 at different pH conditions under UV/solar light. All the anionic dyes underwent rapid degradation at acidic pH, while resisted at alkaline conditions due to the adsorptive tendency of these dyes on the catalyst surface at different pH conditions. Gd 3+ (0.15 mol)-TiO 2 exhibited better activity compared to other photocatalyst ascribed to half filled electronic configuration of Gd 3+ ions. It is proposed that Ln 3+ serves only as charge carrier traps under UV light, while it also act as visible light sensitizers under solar light. Irrespective of the catalyst and excitation source, the dye degradation followed the order: AR &gt; FR &gt; MO &gt; MR &gt; ARS &gt; BY &gt; CR. The results suggest that pre-adsorption of the pollutant is vital for efficient photocatalysis which is dependent on the nature of the substituent's group attached to the dye molecule. Â© 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Symmetric Gauss Legendre quadrature formulae for composite numerical integration over a tetrahedral region.

This paper first presents a Gauss Legendre quadrature method for numerical integration of I ¼ R R\ud
T f ðx; yÞdxdy, where\ud
f(x,y) is an analytic function in x, y and T is the standard triangular surface: {(x,y)j0 6 x, y 6 1, x + y 6 1} in the Cartesian\ud
two dimensional (x,y) space. We then use a transformation x = x(n,g), y = y(n,g) to change the integral I to an equivalent\ud
integral R R\ud
S f ðxðn; gÞ; yðn; gÞÞ oðx; yÞ\ud
oðn;gÞ dndg, where S is now the 2-square in (n,g) space: {(n,g)j  1 6 n,g 6 1}. We then\ud
apply the one dimensional Gauss Legendre quadrature rules in n and g variables to arrive at an efficient quadrature rule\ud
with new weight coefficients and new sampling points. We then propose the discretisation of the standard triangular surface\ud
T into n2 right isosceles triangular surfaces Ti (i = 1(1)n2\ud
) each of which has an area equal to 1/(2n2\ud
) units. We have\ud
again shown that the use of affine transformation over each Ti and the use of linearity property of integrals lead to the\ud
result:\ud
I ¼ Xnn\ud
i¼1\ud
Z Z\ud
T i\ud
f ðx; yÞdxdy ¼ 1\ud
n2\ud
Z Z\ud
T\ud
HðX; Y ÞdX dY ;\ud
where HðX; Y Þ ¼ Pnn\ud
i¼1 f ðxiðX; Y Þ; yiðX; Y ÞÞ and x = xi(X,Y) and y = yi(X,Y) refer to affine transformations which map\ud
each Ti in (x,y) space into a standard triangular surface T in (X,Y) space. We can now apply Gauss Legendre quadrature\ud
formulas which are derived earlier for I to evaluate the integral I ¼ 1\ud
n2\ud
RR\ud
T HðX; Y ÞdX dY . We observe that the above procedure\ud
which clearly amounts to Composite Numerical Integration over T and it converges to the exact value of the integral\ud
RR\ud
T f ðx; yÞdxdy, for sufficiently large value of n, even for the lower order Gauss Legendre quadrature rules. We have\ud
demonstrated this aspect by applying the above explained Composite Numerical Integration method to some typical\ud
integrals
The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) VII: A SKIRT
  radiative transfer model and insights on dust heating

The radiation of stars heats dust grains in the diffuse interstellar medium
and in star-forming regions in galaxies. Modelling this interaction provides
information on dust in galaxies, a vital ingredient for their evolution. It is
not straightforward to identify the stellar populations heating the dust, and
to link attenuation to emission on a sub-galactic scale. Radiative transfer
models are able to simulate this dust-starlight interaction in a realistic,
three-dimensional setting. We investigate the dust heating mechanisms on a
local and global galactic scale, using the Andromeda galaxy (M31) as our
laboratory. We perform a series of panchromatic radiative transfer simulations
of Andromeda with our code SKIRT. The high inclination angle of M31 complicates
the 3D modelling and causes projection effects. However, the observed
morphology and flux density are reproduced fairly well from UV to
sub-millimeter wavelengths. Our model reveals a realistic attenuation curve,
compatible with previous, observational estimates. We find that the dust in M31
is mainly (91 % of the absorbed luminosity) heated by the evolved stellar
populations. The bright bulge produces a strong radiation field and induces
non-local heating up to the main star-forming ring at 10 kpc. The relative
contribution of unevolved stellar populations to the dust heating varies
strongly with wavelength and with galactocentric distance.The dust heating
fraction of unevolved stellar populations correlates strongly with NUV-r colour
and specific star formation rate. These two related parameters are promising
probes for the dust heating sources at a local scale.Comment: 16 pages + appendix, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The mid-IR water and silicate relation in protoplanetary disks

Mid-IR water lines from protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars have a
detection rate of 50\%. Models have identified multiple physical properties of
disks such as dust-to-gas mass ratio, dust size power law distribution, disk
gas mass, disk inner radius, and disk scale height as potential explanation for
the current detection rate. We search for a connection between mid-IR water
line fluxes and the strength of the 10~$\mu$m silicate feature. We analyse
observed water line fluxes from three blends and compute the 10~$\mu$m silicate
feature strength from Spitzer spectra. We use a series of published models,
exploring disk dust and gas properties, and the effects of different stars. The
models also show that the increasing stellar luminosity enhance simultaneously
the strength of this dust feature and the water lines fluxes. No correlation is
found between the observed mid-IR water lines and the 10~$\mu$m silicate. Our
sample shows the same difference in the peak strength between amorphous and
crystalline silicates that was noted in earlier studies, but our models do not
support this intrinsic difference in silicate peak strength. Individual
properties of our model series are not able to reproduce the most extreme
observations, suggesting that more complex dust properties are required. A
parametrized settling prescription is able to boost the peak strength by a
factor 2 for the standard model. Water line fluxes are unrelated to the
composition of the dust. The pronounced regular trends seen in the model
results are washed out in the data due to the larger diversity in stellar and
disk properties compared to our model series. The disks with with weaker mid-IR
water line fluxes are depleted in gas or enhanced in dust in the inner 10~au.
In the case of gas depleted disks, settling produces very strong 10~$\mu$m
silicate features, with strong peak strength
HERschel Observations of Edge-on Spirals (HEROES), III : dust energy balance study of IC 2531

We investigate the dust energy balance for the edge-on galaxy IC 2531, one of the seven galaxies in the HEROES sample. We perform a state-of-the-art radiative transfer modelling based, for the first time, on a set of optical and near-infrared galaxy images. We show that by taking into account near-infrared imaging in the modelling significantly improves the constraints on the retrieved parameters of the dust content. We confirm the result from previous studies that including a young stellar population in the modelling is important to explain the observed stellar energy distribution. However, the discrepancy between the observed and modelled thermal emission at far-infrared wavelengths, the so-called dust energy balance problem, is still present: the model underestimates the observed fluxes by a factor of about two. We compare two different dust models, and find that dust parameters, and thus the spectral energy distribution in the infrared domain, are sensitive to the adopted dust model. In general, the THEMIS model reproduces the observed emission in the infrared wavelength domain better than the popular BARE-GR-S model. Our study of IC 2531 is a pilot case for detailed and uniform radiative transfer modelling of the entire HEROES sample, which will shed more light on the strength and origins of the dust energy balance problem
Energy Assessment of A PCM-Embedded Plaster: Embodied Energy Versus Operational Energy

Phase change materials (PCMs) are an emerging technology that can be integrated in building envelope components. PCMs are able to stabilise indoor air temperature and increase thermal energy storage especially in lightweight constructions. Within a research activity aimed at developing advanced plasters with improved thermal properties, a plaster which incorporates a microencapsulated paraffin-based PCM was developed. The paper highlights the importance of an overall analysis, facing both operational and embodied energy, since the expected decrease of the energy consumption during the operational stage difficultly counterbalances the high energy impact related to manufacturing processes
Glycosylation is an Androgen-Regulated Process Essential for Prostate Cancer Cell Viability.

PublishedJournal ArticleThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.Steroid androgen hormones play a key role in the progression and treatment of prostate cancer, with androgen deprivation therapy being the first-line treatment used to control cancer growth. Here we apply a novel search strategy to identify androgen-regulated cellular pathways that may be clinically important in prostate cancer. Using RNASeq data, we searched for genes that showed reciprocal changes in expression in response to acute androgen stimulation in culture, and androgen deprivation in patients with prostate cancer. Amongst 700 genes displaying reciprocal expression patterns we observed a significant enrichment in the cellular process glycosylation. Of 31 reciprocally-regulated glycosylation enzymes, a set of 8 (GALNT7, ST6GalNAc1, GCNT1, UAP1, PGM3, CSGALNACT1, ST6GAL1 and EDEM3) were significantly up-regulated in clinical prostate carcinoma. Androgen exposure stimulated synthesis of glycan structures downstream of this core set of regulated enzymes including sialyl-Tn (sTn), sialyl Lewis(X) (SLe(X)), O-GlcNAc and chondroitin sulphate, suggesting androgen regulation of the core set of enzymes controls key steps in glycan synthesis. Expression of each of these enzymes also contributed to prostate cancer cell viability. This study identifies glycosylation as a global target for androgen control, and suggests loss of specific glycosylation enzymes might contribute to tumour regression following androgen depletion therapy.The authors would like to thank Exeter NIHR Clinical Research Facility for providing patient RNA. This work was funded by the Prostate Cancer UK (PG12-34), the J. G. W Patterson Foundation, the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers WT080368MA and WT089225/Z/09/Z), the BBSRC (grants BB/1006923/1 and BB/J007293/1) and the Breast Cancer Now (grant number 2014NovPR355)
Maternal Mortality and Distance to Facility-based Obstetric Care in Rural Southern Tanzania: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-sectional Census Data in 226 000 Households.

Access to skilled obstetric delivery and emergency care is deemed crucial for reducing maternal mortality. We assessed pregnancy-related mortality by distance to health facilities and by cause of death in a disadvantaged rural area of southern Tanzania. We did a secondary analysis of cross-sectional georeferenced census data collected from June to October, 2007, in five rural districts of southern Tanzania. Heads of georeferenced households were asked about household deaths in the period June 1, 2004, to May 31, 2007, and women aged 13-49 years were interviewed about birth history in the same time period. Causes of death in women of reproductive age were ascertained by verbal autopsy. We also asked for sociodemographic information. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyse the effects of distance to health facilities providing delivery care on pregnancy-related mortality (direct and indirect maternal and coincidental deaths). The study included 818 583 people living in 225 980 households. Pregnancy-related mortality was high at 712 deaths per 100 000 livebirths, with haemorrhage being the leading cause of death. Deaths due to direct causes of maternal mortality were strongly related to distance, with mortality increasing from 111 per 100 000 livebirths among women who lived within 5 km to 422 deaths per 100 000 livebirths among those who lived more than 35 km from a hospital (adjusted odds ratio 3·68; 95% CI 1·37-9·88). Neither pregnancy-related nor indirect maternal mortality was associated with distance to hospital. Among women who lived within 5 km of a hospital, pregnancy-related mortality was 664 deaths per 100 000 livebirths even though 72% gave birth in hospital and 8% had delivery by caesarean section. Large distances to hospital contribute to high levels of direct obstetric mortality. High pregnancy-related mortality in those living near to a hospital suggests deficiencies in quality of care
Coupled measurements of δ^18O and δD of hydration water and salinity of fluid inclusions in gypsum from the Messinian Yesares Member, Sorbas Basin (SE Spain)

We studied one cycle (Cycle 6) of gypsum-marl deposition from the Messinian Yesares Member in Sorbas Basin, Spain. The objective was to reconstruct the changing environment of deposition and its relation to astronomically-forced climate change. The δ1818O and δD of gypsum hydration water (CaSO4•2H2O) and salinity of fluid inclusions were measured in the same samples to test if they record the composition of the mother fluid from which gypsum was precipitated. Water isotopes are highly correlated with fluid inclusion salinity suggesting the hydration water has not exchanged after formation. The relatively low water isotope values and fluid inclusion salinities indicate a significant influence of meteoric water, whereas δ34S, δ18OSO4 26 and 87Sr/86Sr support a dominant marine origin for the gypsum deposits. The discrepancy between water and elemental isotope signatures can be reconciled if meteoric water dissolved previously deposited marine sulfates supplying calcium and sulfate ions to the basin which maintained gypsum saturation. This recycling process accounts for the marine δ34S, δ18OSO4 and 87Sr/86Sr signatures, whereas the low δ18O and δD values of gypsum hydration water and fluid inclusion salinities reflect the influence of freshwater.
The cyclic deposition of gypsum and marl in the Yesares Member has previously been interpreted to reflect changing climate related to Earth’s precession cycle. We demonstrate that the δ18O, δD and salinity of the parent brine increased from low values at the base of Cycle 6 to a maximum in the massive gypsum palisade, and decreased again to lower values in the supercones at the
top of the cycle. This pattern, together with changes in mineralogy (calcite-dolomite-gypsum), is consistent with a precession-driven change in climate with wettest conditions (summer insolation maxima) associated with the base of the calcium carbonate marls and driest conditions (summer insolation minima) during formation of the gypsum palisade.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme  (FP/2007-2013)/ERC Grant Agreement n. 339694 (Water Isotopes of Hydrated Minerals) to D. A. Hodell.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.07
Risk Prediction Tools for Cancer in Primary Care

Numerous risk tools are now available which predict either current or future risk of a cancer diagnosis. In theory these tools have the potential to improve patient outcomes through enhancing the consistency and quality of clinical decision making, facilitating equitable and cost-effective distribution of finite resources such as screening tests or preventive interventions, and encouraging behaviour change. These potential uses have been recognised by the National Cancer Institute as an “area of extraordinary opportunity” and an increasing number of risk prediction models continue to be developed. The data on predictive utility (discrimination and calibration) of these models suggest that some have potential for clinical application; however, the focus on implementation and impact is much more recent and there remains considerable uncertainty about their clinical utility and how to implement them in order to maximise benefits and minimise harms such as over-medicalization, anxiety and false reassurance. If the potential benefits of risk prediction models are to be realised in clinical practice, further validation of the under lying risk models and research to assess the acceptability, clinical impact and economic implications of incorporating them in practice are needed.This is the final version of the article. It was first available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.40
Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV

A measurement is presented of the cross section for the electroweak production of a W boson in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data set was collected with the CMS detector and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.3 fb$^{−1}$. The measured fiducial cross section for W bosons decaying to electrons or muons and for p$_{T}^{j1}$ > 60 GeV, p$_{T}^{j2}$ > 50 GeV, |η$^{j}$| &lt; 4.7, and m$_{jj}$ > 1000 GeV is 0.42 ± 0.04 (stat) ± 0.09 (syst) ± 0.01 (lumi) pb. This result is consistent with the standard model leading-order prediction of 0.50 ± 0.02 (scale) ± 0.02 (PDF) pb obtained with MadGraph5_amc@nlo 2.1 interfaced to pythia 6.4. This is the first cross section measurement for this process