pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Approximate parametrization of plane algebraic curves by linear systems of curves

t is well known that an irreducible algebraic curve is rational (i.e. parametric) if and only if its genus is zero. In this paper, given a tolerance ϵ>0 and an ϵ-irreducible algebraic affine plane curve C of proper degree d, we introduce the notion of ϵ-rationality, and we provide an algorithm to parametrize approximately affine ϵ-rational plane curves by means of linear systems of (d−2)-degree curves. The algorithm outputs a rational parametrization of a rational curve  of degree d which has the same points at infinity as C. Moreover, although we do not provide a theoretical analysis, our empirical analysis shows that  and C are close in practice
Geometric Integrability of the Camassa-Holm Equation. II

It is known that the Camassa–Holm (CH) equation describes pseudo-spherical surfaces and that therefore its integrability properties can be studied by geometrical means. In particular, the CH equation admits nonlocal symmetries of “pseudo-potential type”: the standard quadratic pseudo-potential associated with the geodesics of the pseudo-spherical surfaces determined by (generic) solutions to CH, allows us to construct a covering π of the equation manifold of CH on which nonlocal symmetries can be explicitly calculated. In this article, we present the Lie algebra of (first-order) nonlocal π-symmetries for the CH equation, and we show that this algebra contains a semidirect sum of the loop algebra over sl(2,R) and the centerless Virasoro algebra. As applications, we compute explicit solutions, we construct a Darboux transformation for the CH equation, and we recover its recursion operator. We also extend our results to the associated Camassa–Holm equation introduced by J. Schiff
Nonsteroidal moulting hormone agonists: effects on protein synthesis and cuticle formation in colorado potato beetle larvae.

Larvae of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), that were orally treated with RH-0345 at 0.1 mg l?1, RH-5849 at 10 and 50 mg l?1, tebufenozide at 2 g l?1, and 20-hydroxyecdysone at 2 g l?1, showed symptoms of prematuremoulting, followed by inhibition of ecdysis. In addition, fresh weight gain and total protein content were blocked. The effects on haemolymphal and cuticular polypeptides after PAGE were linked with premature, new epicuticle deposition as was observed under the electron microscope. These observations support the concept that the ecdysteroid-mimicking action of the three nonsteroidal molecules is specifi
Understanding intermediate-band solar cells

The intermediate-band solar cell is designed to provide a large photogenerated current while maintaining a high output voltage. To make this possible, these cells incorporate an energy band that is partially filled with electrons within the forbidden bandgap of a semiconductor. Photons with insufficient energy to pump electrons from the valence band to the conduction band can use this intermediate band as a stepping stone to generate an electron-hole pair. Nanostructured materials and certain alloys have been employed in the practical implementation of intermediate-band solar cells, although challenges still remain for realizing practical devices. Here we offer our present understanding of intermediate-band solar cells, as well as a review of the different approaches pursed for their practical implementation. We also discuss how best to resolve the remaining technical issues
Human midbrain precursors activate the expected developmental genetic program and differentiate long-term to functional A9 dopamine neurons in vitro. Enhancement by Bcl-XL

Understanding the molecular programs of the generation of human dopaminergic neurons (DAn) from their ventral mesencephalic (VM) precursors is of key importance for basic studies, progress in cell therapy, drug screening and pharmacology in the context of Parkinson's disease. The nature of human DAn precursors in vitro is poorly understood, their properties unstable, and their availability highly limited. Here we present positive evidence that human VM precursors retaining their genuine properties and long-term capacity to generate A9 type Substantia nigra human DAn (hVM1 model cell line) can be propagated in culture. During a one month differentiation, these cells activate all key genes needed to progress from pro-neural and prodopaminergic precursors to mature and functional DAn. For the first time, we demonstrate that gene cascades are correctly activated during differentiation, resulting in the generation of mature DAn. These DAn have morphological and functional properties undistinguishable from those generated by VM primary neuronal cultures. In addition, we have found that the forced expression of Bcl-XL induces an increase in the expression of key developmental genes (MSX1, NGN2), maintenance of PITX3 expression temporal profile, and also enhances genes involved in DAn long-term function, maintenance and survival (EN1, LMX1B, NURR1 and PITX3). As a result, Bcl-XL anticipates and enhances DAn generation
Influence of loudspeaker directivity and measurement geometry on direct acoustic levels over façades for acoustic insulation tests with the International Standard ISO 140-5

The International Standard ISO 140-5 on field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façades establishes that the directivity of the measurement loudspeaker should be such that the variation in the local direct sound pressure level (ΔSPL) on the sample is ΔSPL < 5 dB (or ΔSPL < 10 dB for large façades). This condition is usually not very easy to accomplish nor is it easy to verify whether the loudspeaker produces such a uniform level. Direct sound pressure levels on the ISO standard façade essentially depend on the distance and directivity of the loudspeaker used. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the test geometry for measuring sound insulation and explains how the loudspeaker directivity, combined with distance, affects the acoustic level distribution on the façade.\ud
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The first sections of the paper are focused on analysing the measurement geometry and its influence on the direct acoustic level variations on the façade. The most favourable and least favourable positions to minimise these direct acoustic level differences are found, and the angles covered by the façade in the reference system of the loudspeaker are also determined. Then, the maximum dimensions of the façade that meet the conditions of the ISO 140-5 standard are obtained for the ideal omnidirectional sound source and the piston radiating in an infinite baffle, which is chosen as the typical radiation pattern for loudspeakers.\ud
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Finally, a complete study of the behaviour of different loudspeaker radiation models (such as those usually utilised in the ISO 140-5 measurements) is performed, comparing their radiation maps on the façade for searching their maximum dimensions and the most appropriate radiation configurations
Deviations of cup anemometer rotational speed measurements due to steady state harmonic accelerations of the rotor

The measurement deviations of cup anemometers are studied by analyzing the rotational speed of the rotor at steady state (constant wind speed). The differences of the measured rotational speed with respect to the averaged one based on complete turns of the rotor are produced by the harmonic terms of the rotational speed. Cup anemometer sampling periods include a certain number of complete turns of the rotor, plus one incomplete turn, the residuals from the harmonic terms integration within that incomplete turn (as part of the averaging process) being responsible for the mentioned deviations. The errors on the rotational speed due to the harmonic terms are studied analytically and then experimentally, with data from more than 500 calibrations performed on commercial anemometers
Virtual Screening on Large Scale Grids

PCSV, article in press in Parallel ComputingLarge scale grids for in silico drug discovery open opportunities of particular interest to neglected and emerging diseases. In 2005 and 2006, we have been able to deploy large scale virtual docking within the framework of the WISDOM initiative against malaria and avian influenza requiring about 100 years of CPU on the EGEE, Auvergrid and TWGrid infrastructures. These achievements demonstrated the relevance of large scale grids for the virtual screening by molecular docking. This also allowed evaluating the performances of the grid infrastructures and to identify specific issues raised by large scale deployment
The G0 experiment at Jefferson Laboratory: The nucleon strangeness form factors

The G0 experiment is dedicated to the determination of the strange quark's contribution to the electric and magnetic nucleon form factors, provided by parity-violating asymmetries of cross-sections measured with longitudinaly polarized electrons in elastic electron-proton scattering and quasi-elastic electron-deuteron scattering. Forward angle measurements, which have been performed in Hall C of Jefferson Laboratory, have provided a linear combination of electric and magnetic vector form factors for momentum transfers in the range 0.1 to 1 (GeV/c)^2. Backward angle measurements, which will be performed starting in 2006, will allow the complete separation of the form factors of Q^2 of 0.23 and 0.63 (GeV/c)^2
The Great Recession and inequalities in access to health care: a study of unemployment and unmet medical need in Europe in the economic crisis

Unmet medical need (UMN) had been declining steadily across Europe until the 2008 Recession, a period characterized by rising unemployment. We examined whether becoming unemployed increased the risk of UMN during the Great Recession and whether the extent of out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for health care and income replacement for the unemployed (IRU) moderated this relationship.\ud
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Methods\ud
We used the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) to construct a pseudo-panel (n = 135 529) across 25 countries to estimate the relationship between unemployment and UMN. We estimated linear probability models, using a baseline of employed people with no UMN, to test whether this relationship is mediated by financial hardship and moderated by levels of OOP and IRU.\ud
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Results\ud
Job loss increased the risk of UMN [β = 0.027, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.022–0.033] and financial hardship exacerbated this effect. Fewer people experiencing job loss lost access to health care in countries where OOPs were low or in countries where IRU is high. The results are robust to different model specifications.\ud
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Conclusions\ud
Unemployment does not necessarily compromise access to health care. Rather, access is jeopardized by diminishing financial resources that accompany job loss. Lower OOPs or higher IRU protect against loss of access, but they cannot guarantee it. Policy solutions should secure financial protection for the unemployed so that resources do not have to be diverted from health
Reference in the Land of the Rising Sun: A Cross-cultural Study on the Reference of Proper Names

A standard methodology in philosophy of language is to use intuitions as evidence. Machery, Mallon, Nichols, and Stich (2004) challenged this methodology with respect to theories of reference by presenting empirical evidence that intuitions about one prominent example from the literature on the reference of proper names (Kripke’s Gödel case) vary between Westerners and East Asians. In response, Sytsma and Livengood (2011) conducted experiments to show that the questions Machery and colleagues asked participants in their study were ambiguous, and that this ambiguity affected the responses given by Westerners. Sytsma and Livengood took their results to cast doubt on the claim that the current evidence indicates that there is cross-cultural variation in intuitions about the Gödel case. In this paper we report on a new cross-cultural study showing that variation in intuitions remains even after controlling for the ambiguity noted by Sytsma and Livengood
Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Population genomic studies of ancient human remains have shown how modern-day European population structure has been shaped by a number of prehistoric migrations. The Neolithization of Europe has been associated with large-scale migrations from Anatolia, which was followed by migrations of herders from the Pontic steppe at the onset of the Bronze Age. Southwestern Europe was one of the last parts of the continent reached by these migrations, and modern-day populations from this region show intriguing similarities to the initial Neolithic migrants. Partly due to climatic conditions that are unfavorable for DNA preservation, regional studies on the Mediterranean remain challenging. Here, we present genome-wide sequence data from 13 individuals combined with stable isotope analysis from the north and south of Iberia covering a four-millennial temporal transect (7,500–3,500 BP). Early Iberian farmers and Early Central European farmers exhibit significant genetic differences, suggesting two independent fronts of the Neolithic expansion. The first Neolithic migrants that arrived in Iberia had low levels of genetic diversity, potentially reflecting a small number of individuals; this diversity gradually increased over time from mixing with local hunter-gatherers and potential population expansion. The impact of post-Neolithic migrations on Iberia was much smaller than for the rest of the continent, showing little external influence from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. Paleodietary reconstruction shows that these populations have a remarkable degree of dietary homogeneity across space and time, suggesting a strong reliance on terrestrial food resources despite changing culture and genetic make-up
Influence of global rotation and Reynolds number on the large-scale features of a turbulent Taylor–Couette flow

We experimentally study the turbulent flow between two coaxial and independently rotating cylinders. We determined the scaling of the torque with Reynolds numbers at various angular velocity ratios  Rotation numbers  and the behavior of the wall shear stress when varying the Rotation number at high Reynolds numbers.We compare the curves with particle image velocimetry analysis of the mean flow and show the peculiar role of perfect counter-rotation for the emergence of organized large scale structures in the mean part of this very turbulent flow that appear in a smooth and continuous way: the transition resembles a supercritical bifurcation of the secondary
mean flow
Effect of adhesive thickness and concrete strength on FRP-Concrete Bonds

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening, repairing, or rehabilitating concrete structures has become more and more popular in the last 10 years. Irrespective of the type of strengthening used, design is conditioned, among others, by concrete-composite bond failure, normally attributed to stress at the interface between these two materials. Single shear, double shear, and notched beam tests are the bond tests most commonly used by the scientific community to estimate bond strength, effective length, and the bond stress-slip relationship. The present paper discusses the effect of concrete strength and adhesive thickness on the results of beam tests, which reproduce debonding conditions around bending cracks much more accurately. The bond stress-slip relationship was analyzed in a cross section near the inner edge, where stress was observed to concentrate. The ultimate load and the bond stress-slip relationship were\ud
visibly affected by concrete strength. Adhesive thickness, in turn, was found to have no significant impact on low-strength concrete but a somewhat greater effect on higher strength materials
Modulation of urban atmospheric electric field measurements with the wind direction in Lisbon (Portugal)

Atmospheric electric field measurements (potential gradient, PG) were retrieved in
the urban environment of the city of Lisbon (Portugal). The measurements were performed
with a Benndorf electrograph at the Portela Meteorological station in the suburbs of the city
(NE from the centre). The period of 1980 to 1990 is considered here. According to wind
direction, different content and types of ions and aerosols arrive at the measurement site
causing significant variations to the PG. To the south there are significant pollution sources
while to the north such sources are scarcer . The Iberian Peninsula is found east of the station
and the Atlantic Ocean covers the western sector, Wind directions are divided in four sectors:
i) NW: 270º ≤ θ ≤ 360º; ii) NE: 0 ≤ θ ≤ 90º; iii) SE: 90 ≤ θ ≤ 180º; iv) SW: 180º ≤ θ ≤ 270º.
Analysis of weekly cycle, caused by anthropogenic pollution related with urban activity, was
undertaken for each wind sector. NW sector has been shown to be less affected by this cycle,
which is attributed to the effect of marine air. The daily variation of NE sector for weekends
reveals a similar behaviour to the Carnegie curve, which corresponds to a clean air daily variation of PG, following universal time, independent of measurement site
Reducing Motion Inaccuracies on a Mobile Robot

In this article we present two algorithms, for reducing the effects of control-space quantisation errors on a Khepera mobile robot. Specifically, we consider that control-space quantisation is present, when there is only a finite set of available robot wheels velocities. Thus the velocities of the robot wheels can not be chosen from any point in a continuous set. The first algorithm can be used to perform pure rotations (no translation) of the mobile robot while reducing the effects of these errors. The second algorithm can be used to perform robust straight-line motions, between the mobile robot current position, and a predefined goal position in its working environment. Simulation results demonstrating the effectiveness of the algorithm will be presented.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:100797850161
Chenodeoxycholate Is a Potent Inducer of the Permeability Transition Pore in Rat Liver Mitochondria

Several reports support the concept that bile acids may be cytotoxic during cholestatic disease process by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we report additional data and findings aimed at a better understanding of the involvement of the permeability transition pore (PTP) opening in bile acids toxicity. The mitochondrial PTP is implicated as a mediator of cell injury and death in many situations. In the presence of calcium and phosphate, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) induced a permeability transition in freshly isolated rat liver mitochondria, characterized by membrane depolarization, release of matrix calcium, and osmotic swelling. All these events were blocked by cyclosporine A (CyA) and the calcium uniporter inhibitor ruthenium red (RR). The results suggest that CDCA increases the sensitivity of isolated mitochondria in vitro to the calcium-dependent induction of the PTP.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101043820251
Electronic mechanism of ion expulsion under UV nanosecond laser
  excitation of silicon: Experiment and modeling

We present experimental and modeling studies of UV nanosecond pulsed laser
desorption and ablation of (111) bulk silicon. The results involve a new
approach to the analysis of plume formation dynamics under high-energy photon
irradiation of the semiconductor surface. Non-thermal, photo-induced desorption
has been observed at low laser fluence, well below the melting threshold. Under
ablation conditions, the non-thermal ions have also a high concentration. The
origin of these ions is discussed on the basis of electronic excitation of Si
surface states associated with the Coulomb explosion mechanism. We present a
model describing dynamics of silicon target excitation, heating and
harge-carrier transport
The embedding of the spacetime in five-dimensional spaces with arbitrary non-degenerate Ricci tensor

We discuss and prove a theorem which asserts that any n-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold can be locally embedded in a (n+1)-dimensional space with a non-degenerate Ricci tensor which is equal, up to a local analytic diffeomorphism, to the Ricci tensor of an arbitrary specified space. This may be regarded as a further extension of the Campbell-Magaard theorem. We highlight the significance of embedding theorems of increasing degrees of generality in the context of higher dimensional spacetimes theories and illustrate the new theorem by establishing the embedding of a general class of Ricci-flat spacetimes
UV asymptotically free QED as a broken YM theory in the unitary gauge

We compute the $\beta$-function of a YM theory, broken to $U(1)$, by
evaluating the coupling constant renormalization in the broken phase. We
perform the calculation in the unitary gauge where only physical particles
appear and the theory looks like a version of QED containing massive charged
spin 1 particles. We consider an on-shell scattering process and after
verifying that the non-renormalizable divergences which appear in the Green's
functions cancel in the expression of the amplitude, we show that the coupling
constant renormalization is entirely due to the photon self-energy as in QED.
However we get the expected asymptotic freedom and the physical charge
decreases logarithmically as a function of the symmetry breaking scale.Comment: 8 page
Application of a Combined Active Control and Fault Detection Scheme to an Active Composite Flexible Structure.

In this paper, the problem of increasing reliability of active control procedure is considered. Indeed, a design method of rejection perturbation in presence of potentially faults, on a flexible structure with integrated piezo-ceramics, is presented. The piezo-ceramics are used as actuators and sensors. A single unit based solution, which handles both control action and fault diagnosis is proposed. The algorithm uses H∞ optimization techniques. A full order model of the structure is first obtained via both finite-element (FE) approach and identification procedure. This model is then reduced in order to be used in our robust approach. By a suitable choice of weightings functions, the provided method is able to reject disturbance robustly and to estimate occurred faults. The case of sensors and actuators faults is discussed. The choice of weightings for diagnosis and control systems is also tackled. Finally, the effectiveness of this integrated method is confirmed by both simulation and experimental results
Large and Small Fermi-Surface Spin Density Waves in the Kondo Lattice
  Model

We demonstrate the existence of metallic spin density waves (SDWs) in the
Kondo lattice model on a square lattice for a wide range of parameters by means
of real space dynamical mean field theory. In these SDWs, the spin polarization
as well as the charge density depend on the lattice site and are modulated
along one direction of the square lattice. We show that within this phase of
metallic SDWs the Fermi surface changes from small to large, when the coupling
strength is increased. Furthermore, the transition between the large
Fermi-surface SDW phase and the paramagnetic phase is of second order, while
the transition between the small Fermi-surface SDW phase and the paramagnetic
phase is of first order. A local quantum critical point is thus avoided in our
calculations by undergoing a first order phase transition