pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Do mothers prefer helpers or smaller litters? Birth sex-ratio and litter size adjustment in cotton-top tamarins

Boulton, R. A., & Fletcher, A. W. (2015). Do mothers prefer helpers or smaller litters? Birth sex-ratio and litter size adjustment in cotton-top tamarins. Ecology & Evolution, 5(3), 598-606 Copyright (c)2015, the authors, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1396/fullSex allocation theory has been a remarkably productive field in behavioural ecology with empirical evidence regularly supporting quantitative theoretical predictions. Across mammals in general and primates in particular however, support for the various hypotheses has been more equivocal. Population level sex ratio biases have often been interpreted as supportive, but evidence for small scale facultative adjustment has rarely been found. The helper repayment (HR) also named the local resource enhancement (LRE) hypothesis predicts that, in cooperatively breeding species, mothers invest more in the sex which assists with rearing future offspring, and that this bias will be more pronounced in mothers who require extra assistance (i.e. due to inexperience or a lack of available alloparents). We tested these hypotheses in captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) utilising the international studbook and birth records obtained through a questionnaire from ISIS registered institutions. Infant sex, litter size, mother’s age, parity and group composition (presence of non-reproductive subordinate males and females) were determined from these records. The HR hypothesis was supported over the entire population, which was significantly biased towards males (the ‘helpful’ sex). We found little support for helper repayment at the individual level, as primiparous females and those in groups without alloparents did not exhibit more extreme tendencies to produce male infants. Primiparous females were, however, more likely to produce singleton litters. Singleton births were more likely to be male, which suggests that there may be an interaction between litter size adjustment and sex allocation. This may be interpreted as supportive of the HR hypothesis, but alternative explanations at both the proximate and ultimate levels are possible. These possibilities warrant further consideration when attempting to understand the ambiguous results of primate sex ratio studies so far
The Hoyle state in nuclear lattice effective field theory

We review the calculation of the Hoyle state of 12C in nuclear lattice effective field theory (NLEFT) and its anthropic implications in the nucleosynthesis of 12C and 16O in red giant stars. We also analyse the extension of NLEFT to the regime of medium-mass nuclei, with emphasis on the determination of the ground-state energies of the α nuclei 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg, and 28Si by Euclidean time projection. Finally, we discuss recent NLEFT results for the spectrum, electromagnetic properties, and α-cluster structure of 16O
Phenomenological consequences of residual ℤs2 and ℤ⎯⎯⎯s2 symmetries

The phenomenological consequences of the residual ℤs2 and ℤ⎯⎯⎯s2 symmetries are explored in detail. With a precisely measured value of the reactor angle, these two residual symmetries predict distinct distributions for the Dirac CP phase and the atmospheric angle, which lead to the possibility of identifying them at future neutrino experiments. For both symmetries, it is possible to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy in most of the parameter space, and they can be distinguished from one another if the true residual symmetry is ℤs2 and the atmospheric angle is non-maximal. These results are obtained using an equally split schedule: a 1.5-year run of neutrinos and a 1.5-year run of antineutrinos at NOνA together with a 2.5-year run of neutrinos and a 2.5-year run of antineutrinos at T2K. This schedule can significantly increase and stabilize the sensitivities to the mass hierarchy and the octant of the atmospheric angle with only a moderate compromise to the sensitivity of distinguishing ℤs2 and ℤ⎯⎯⎯s2
Dark matter pair associated with a W boson production at the LHC in next-to-leading order QCD

We investigate the QCD next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections to the production of a pair of fermionic dark matter particles associated with a W boson production through a mediator which couples to standard model particles via either a vector or axial-vector coupling at the LHC. We find that the QCD NLO corrections reduce the dependence of the total cross sections on the factorization and renormalization scales, and the K -factors increase with the increment of the dark matter mass. We also provide the LO and QCD NLO corrected distributions of the transverse momenta p T μ of final muon and transverse mass M T . We find that the LO cross section is significantly changed by the QCD NLO corrections
Comparing and counting logs in direct and effective methods of QCD resummation

We compare methods to resum logarithms in event shape distributions as they have been used in perturbative QCD directly and in effective field theory. We demonstrate that they are equivalent. In showing this equivalence, we are able to put standard soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) formulae for cross sections in momentum space into a novel form more directly comparable with standard QCD formulae, and endow the QCD formulae with dependence on separated hard, jet, and soft scales, providing potential ways to improve estimates of theoretical uncertainty. We show how to compute cross sections in momentum space to keep them as accurate as the corresponding expressions in Laplace space. In particular, we point out that that care is required in truncating differential distributions at N k LL accuracy to ensure they match the accuracy of the corresponding cumulant or Laplace transform. We explain how to avoid such mismatches at N k LL accuracy, and observe why they can also be avoided by working to N k LL′ accuracy
Minimal area submanifolds in AdS × compact

We describe the asymptotic behavior of minimal area submanifolds in product spacetimes of an asymptotically hyperbolic space times a compact internal manifold. In particular, we find that unlike the case of a minimal area submanifold just in an asymptotically hyperbolic space, the internal part of the boundary submanifold is constrained to be itself a minimal area submanifold. For applications to holography, this tells us what are the allowed “flavor branes” that can be added to a holographic field theory. We also give a compact geometric expression for the spectrum of operator dimensions associated with the slipping modes of the submanifold in the internal space. We illustrate our results with several examples, including some that haven’t appeared in the literature before
MAGIC search for VHE $γ$-ray emission from AE Aquarii in a
  multiwavelength context

It has been claimed that the nova-like cataclysmic variable (CV) AE Aquarii
(AE Aqr) is a very-high-energy (VHE, $E>$100 GeV) source both on observational
and theoretical grounds. We aim to search for VHE gamma-ray emission from AE
Aqr during different states of the source at several wavelengths to confirm or
rule out previous claims of detection of gamma-ray emission from this object.
We report on observations of AE Aqr performed by MAGIC. The source was observed
during 12 hours as part of a multiwavelength campaign carried out between May
and June 2012 covering the optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray ranges. Besides MAGIC,
the other facilities involved were the KVA, Skinakas, and Vidojevica telescopes
in the optical and Swift in X-rays. We calculated integral upper limits
coincident with different states of the source in the optical. We computed
upper limits to the pulsed emission limiting the signal region to 30% of the
phaseogram and we also searched for pulsed emission at different frequencies
applying the Rayleigh test. AE Aqr was not detected at VHE energies during the
multiwavelength campaign. We establish integral upper limits at the 95\%
confidence level for the steady emission assuming the differential flux
proportional to a power-law function d\phi/dE \propto E^{-Gamma}, with a
Crab-like photon spectral index of Gamma=2.6. The upper limit above 200 GeV is
6.4\times10^{-12} cm^{-2}s^{-1} and above 1 TeV is 7.4\times10^{-13}
cm^{-2}s^{-1}. We obtained an upper limit for the pulsed emission of
2.6\times10^{-12} cm^{-2}s^{-1} for energies above 200 GeV. Applying the
Rayleigh test for pulsed emission at different frequencies we did not find any
significant signal. Our results indicate that AE Aqr is not a VHE gamma-ray
emitter at the level of emission previously claimed. We have established the
most constraining upper limits for the VHE gamma-ray emission of AE Aqr
Search for supersymmetry in pp collisions at ps = 7 TeV in events with a single lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum

43 páginas, 7 figuras, 4 tablas.-- Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons\ud
Attribution Noncommercial License.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.Results are reported from a search for physics beyond the standard model in\ud
proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7TeV, focusing on the signature with\ud
a single, isolated, high-transverse-momentum lepton (electron or muon), energetic jets, and\ud
large missing transverse momentum. The data sample comprises an integrated luminosity\ud
of 36 pb-1; recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is motivated by models\ud
of new physics, including supersymmetry. The observed event yields are consistent with\ud
standard model backgrounds predicted using control samples obtained from the data. The\ud
characteristics of the event sample are consistent with those expected for the production\ud
of tt and W+jets events. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the parameter\ud
space for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model.Acknowledge support from: FMSR (Austria);\ud
FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES\ud
(Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES\ud
(Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland,\ud
MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF\ud
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM\ud
(Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV,\ud
CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); MSI (New Zealand); PAEC (Pakistan);\ud
SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan);\ud
MST, MAE and RFBR (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss\ud
Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC\ud
(United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA). Individuals have received support from the\ud
Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis\ud
Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation;\ud
the Associazione per lo Sviluppo Scienti co e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy); the Belgian\ud
Federal Science Policy O ce; the Fonds pour la Formation  a la Recherche dans l'Industrie\ud
et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en\ud
Technologie (IWT-Belgium); and the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India.Peer reviewe
Search for heavy, top-like quark pair production in the dilepton final state in pp collisions at  √s = 7 TeV

27 páginas, 2 figuras, 5 tablas.-- CMS Collaboration: Chatrchyan, S. et al.-- This article is published Open Access at sciencedirect.com. It is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0The results of a search for pair production of a heavy, top-like quark, t', in the decay mode (t' anti-t') to (b anti-W anti-b W) to (b anti-lepton neutrino anti-b lepton anti-neutrino) are presented. The search is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 inverse femtobarns in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed number of events agrees with the expectation from standard model processes, and no evidence of t'anti-t' production is found. Upper limits on the production cross section as a function of t' mass are presented, and t' masses below 557 GeV/c2 are excluded at the 95% confidence level.European Commission; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy (Austria); Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (Belgium); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil); Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Colciencias (Colombia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia; Research Promotion Foundation (Cyprus); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Deutschland); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; General Secretariat of Research and Technology (Greece); National Office for Research and Technology (Hungary); Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (Iran); Science Foundation Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italia); National Research Foundation of Korea; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (México); Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México); Secretaría de Educación Pública (México); Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal); Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia); Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España); Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España); Swiss National Science Foundation; The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey; Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK); Department of Energy (US); National Science Foundation (US)Peer reviewe
Systematic review of interventions to improve appropriate use and outcomes associated with do-not-attempt-cardiopulmonary-resuscitation decisions.

BACKGROUND\ud
\ud
The treatment for a cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), may be lifesaving following an acute, potentially reversible illness. Yet this treatment is unlikely to be effective if cardiac arrest occurs as part of the dying process towards the end of a person's natural life. Do not attempt CPR (DNACPR) decisions allow resuscitation to be withheld when it has little chance of success, or where the patient, or those close to the patient, indicate the burdens of CPR outweigh the benefits. This review sought to identify evidence for systems that improve the appropriate use of DNACPR decisions.\ud
\ud
METHODS\ud
\ud
Electronic databases were searched (Medline, CINAHL and Embase) for English language articles from 2001 to 2014.\ud
\ud
RESULTS\ud
\ud
4090 citations were identified of which 37 studies were relevant. The overall quality of evidence was moderate to poor. Thematic synthesis identified key interventions which may improve DNACPR decision making. The most promising interventions involved structured discussion at the time of acute admission to hospital and review by specialist teams at the point of an acute deterioration. Linking DNACPR decisions to discussions about overall treatment plans provided greater clarity about goals of care, aided communication between clinicians and reduced harms. Standardised documentation proved helpful for improving the frequency and quality of recording DNACPR decisions. Patient and clinician education in isolation were associated with limited or no effects.\ud
\ud
CONCLUSION\ud
\ud
Relatively simple process changes may enhance the appropriate use of and outcomes associated with DNACPR decisions. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO2012:CRD42012002669
Toll-like receptor 2/MyD88 signaling mediates zymosan-induced joint hypernociception in mice: Participation of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CXCL1/KC

Arthritic pain is a serious health problem that affects a large number of patients. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) activation within the joints has been implicated in pathophysiology of arthritis. However, their role in the genesis of arthritic pain needs to be demonstrated. In the present study, it was addressed the participation of TLR2 and TLR4 and their adaptor molecule MyD88 in the genesis of joint hypernociception (a decrease in the nociceptive threshold) during zymosan-induced arthritis. Zymosan injected in the tibio-tarsal joint induced mechanical hypernociception in C57BL/6 wild type mice that was reduced in TLR2 and MyD88 null mice. On the other hand, zymosan-induced hypernociception was similar in C3H/HePas and C3H/Hej mice (TLR4 mutant mice). Zymosan-induced joint hypernociception was also reduced in TNFR1 null mice and in mice treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist or with an antagonist of CXCR1/2. Moreover, the joint production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CXCL1/KC by zymosan was dependent on TLR2/MyD88 signaling. Investigating the mechanisms by which TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CXCL1/KC mediate joint hypernociception, joint administration of these cytokines produced mechanical hypernociception, and they act in an interdependent manner. In last instance, their hypernociceptive effects were dependent on the production of hypernociceptive mediators, prostaglandins and sympathetic amines. These results indicate that in zymosan-induced experimental arthritis, TLR2/MyD88 is involved in the cascade of events of joint hypernociception through a mechanism dependent on cytokines and chemokines production. Thus, TLR2/MyD88 signaling might be a target for the development of novel drugs to control pain in arthritis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Programa de Nucleos de Excelencia (PRONEX), Brazi
MIRTO: a prototype for real-time ionospheric imaging over the Mediterranean area

MIRTO (Mediterranean Ionosphere with Real-time TOmography) is a collaborative project between Istituto
Nazionale di Geofisica (INGV) of Rome, the University of Bath (U.K.) and the Istituto Fisica Applicata «Nello
Carrara»-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFAC-CNR) of Florence. The goal of the project is the development
of a prototype for real-time imaging of the ionosphere over the Italian region with extension to the Mediterranean
Sea. MIRTO uses an original imaging technique developed at the University of Bath and upgraded for
real-time use in cooperation with IFAC. The prototype makes use of the data acquired by the real-time ionospheric
and geodetic instrumentation operated by INGV. Such measurements drive the imaging algorithm to produce
the image of electron density as well as maps and movies of the Total Electron Content (TEC) over the considered
area
BIFFOs, jackeens and Dagenham Yanks: county identity, “authenticity” and the Irish diaspora

This is an Author's Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Irish Studies Review, 2013, 21 (2), pp. 143-163 (© Taylor & Francis), available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/09670882.2013.808874.Despite being an everyday point of reference in Irish discourse, the extent to which the county serves as a locus of identification has been oddly overlooked in the Irish studies literature. In particular, the persistence of identification with the county of origin post-migration offers new insights on the construction and maintenance of identity within the Irish diaspora. Drawing on my PhD research on discourses of authenticity and identity among the Irish in England, this article investigates the ways in which county identity is invoked both by Irish migrants and those of Irish descent. It illustrates how the county is used as a rhetorical tool to situate the speaker within discourses of belonging and authenticity, but how this may also act as a constraint on the articulation of a collective, diasporic identity. It argues for a greater research focus on translocalism within the context of changing Ireland–diaspora relations.Peer-reviewedPost-prin
Extended Deligne–Lusztig varieties for general and special linear groups.

We give a generalisation of Deligne–Lusztig varieties for general and special linear groups over finite quotients of the ring of integers in a non-archimedean local field. Previously, a generalisation was given by Lusztig by attaching certain varieties to unramified maximal tori inside Borel subgroups. In this paper we associate a family of so-called extended Deligne–Lusztig varieties to all tamely ramified maximal tori of the group.\ud
Moreover, we analyse the structure of various generalised Deligne–Lusztig varieties, and show that the “unramified” varieties, including a certain natural generalisation, do not produce all the irreducible representations in general. On the other hand, we prove results which together with some computations of Lusztig show that for SL2(Fq〚ϖ〛/(ϖ2))SL2(Fq〚ϖ〛/(ϖ2)), with odd q, the extended Deligne–Lusztig varieties do indeed afford all the irreducible representations
Rating health and stability of engineering structures via classification indexes of InSAR Persistent Scatterers.

We propose a novel set of indexes to classify the information content of Persistent Scatterers (PS) and rate the health of engineering structures at urban to local scale. PS are automatically sampled and grouped via ‘control areas’ coinciding with the building and its surrounding environment. Density over the ‘control areas’ and velocity of PS are converted respectively into: Completeness of Information Index (Ici) that reflects the PS coverage grade; and Conservation Criticality Indexes (Icc) which rate the health condition of the monument separately for the object and surrounding control areas. The deformation pattern over the structure is classified as isolated (i) or diffused (d) based on the Velocity Distribution Index (Ivd). Both Ici and Icc are rated from A to E classes using a colour-coded system that intentionally emulates an energy-efficiency scale, to encourage the exploitation of PS by stakeholders and end-users in the practise of engineering surveying. Workability and reliability of the classification indexes are demonstrated over the urban heritage of Florence, Italy, using well established ERS-1/2 (1992–2000) descending, ENVISAT (2003–2010) ascending and descending PS datasets. The indexes are designed in perspective of handling outputs from InSAR processing of higher-resolution time series