pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Analytical methodology to elemental quantification of weathered terrestrial analogues to meteorites using a portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument and Partial Least Squares (PLS) as multivariate calibration technique

The present work is focused on the in situ quantitative analysis of Si, Al,Mg, Ca, Ba, Na, and Fe, present in weathered
terrestrial analogues to meteorites (black steel slag and impact glasses), using a portable Laser Induced
Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument. For that purpose, several standards pellets of known elemental concentrations
were manufactured. The elemental and molecular homogeneity of the pellets was studied by means
of Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Raman spectroscopy.
This checkwas always made before the LIBS analysis. Univariate andmultivariate (Partial Least Squares
(PLS) regression) calibration approaches on LIBS spectra were selected as initial calibration models. After a comparison
between both approaches, the former was discarded due to the poor linearity of the calibration curves,
and PLS regressionwas chosen to treat the LIBS spectra as themultivariate calibration approach (in the ultraviolet
(UV) and infrared (IR) spectral ranges). Predictive capabilities of each calibration model were evaluated by calculating
regression coefficient (r), number of PLS factors (rank), relative errors of cross validation (RMSECV), residual
predictive deviation (RPD) and the Bias value. At the end, the simultaneous use of both ranges of
wavelengths was demonstrated to be more fruitful rather than using the individual ones, probably due to the
higher number of emission lines, number of spectral variables and the PLS latent variables for each element.
Moreover, a Reference Material was used as external validation, obtaining satisfactory results in the determination
of elements. The predictive ability of the PLSmodelswas evaluated on samples of Darwin Glasses (Australia),
Libyan Desert Glasses (Western Desert of Egypt) and black steel slag residues (steelworks of Basque Country).
The obtained results were in concordance with the range of composition measured also by X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometer (ED-XRF). Our methodology is a good, rapid, simple and cost-effective alternative for in situ analysis
of these terrestrial analogues over other techniques.Proyecto MINECO Retos de la Sociedad. Ref. ESP2014-56138-C3-2-
Differences in Automatic Thoughts Presented During Sexual Activity Between Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men and Women

Abstract  The study is aimed at investigating the differences between individuals with and without sexual dysfunction on the automatic thoughts content (reported as usually presented) during sexual activity. A total of 491 individuals (163 women and 232 men without sexual problems and 47 women and 49 men with a DSM-IV diagnosis of sexual dysfunction) answered the Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ; Nobre and Pinto-Gouveia (J Sex Res 40:368–382, 2003). Results indicated that men and women with sexual dysfunction reported having had significantly more negative thoughts during sexual activity compared to sexually healthy individuals. Failure and disengagement thoughts (I’m not satisfying my partner, I’m not getting turned on, when will this be over?), sexual abuse thoughts (this is disgusting, he only wants to satisfy himself), and lack of erotic thoughts were significantly more common in women with sexual dysfunction compared to sexually healthy women. Additionally, men with sexual dysfunction presented significantly higher scores on erection concern thoughts (I must be able to have intercourse, I must achieve an erection), failure anticipation thoughts (this is not going anywhere, I’m condemned to failure), and lack of erotic thoughts compared to men without sexual dysfunction. Overall, findings support clinical observations and experimental findings, indicating that cognitive distraction from erotic cues is strongly associated with sexual dysfunction. The increased use of cognitive techniques on the treatment of sexual dysfunction is a major implication of the study.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9165-
Two-dimensional plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle: Separation due to electron inertia

A previous axisymmetric model of the supersonic expansion of a collisionless, hot plasma in a divergent magnetic nozzle is extended here in order to include electron-inertia effects. Up to dominant order on all components of the electron velocity, electron momentum equations still reduce to three conservation laws. Electron inertia leads to outward electron separation from the magnetic streamtubes. The progressive plasma filling of the adjacent vacuum region is consistent with electron-inertia being part of finite electron Larmor radius effects, which increase downstream and eventually demagnetize the plasma. Current ambipolarity is not fulfilled and ion separation can be either outwards or inwards of magnetic streamtubes, depending on their magnetization. Electron separation penalizes slightly the plume efficiency and is larger for plasma beams injected with large pressure gradients. An alternative nonzero electron-inertia model [E. Hooper, J. Propul. Power 9, 757 (1993)] based on cold plasmas and current ambipolarity, which predicts inwards electron separation, is discussed critically. A possible competition of the gyroviscous force with electron-inertia effects is commented briefly
Nonlinear Connections and Nearly Autoparallel Maps in General Relativity

We apply the method of moving anholonomic frames, with associated nonlinear
connections, in (pseudo) Riemannian spaces and examine the conditions when
various types of locally anisotropic (la) structures (Lagrange, Finsler like
and more general ones) could be modeled in general relativity. New classes of
solutions of the Einstein equations with generic local anisotropy are
constructed. We formulate the theory of nearly autoparallel (na) maps and
introduce the tensorial na-integration as the inverse operation to both
covariant derivation and deformation of connections by na-maps. The problem of
redefinition of the Einstein gravity theory on na-backgrounds, provided with a
set of na-map invariant conditions and local conservation laws, is analyzed.
There are illustrated some examples of generation of vacuum Einstein fields by
Finsler like metrics and chains of na-maps.Comment: 41 page
LHC prospects for minimal decaying Dark Matter

We study the possible signals at LHC of the minimal models of decaying dark
matter. Those models are characterized by the fact that DM interacts with SM
particles through renormalizable coupling with an additional heavier charged
state. Such interaction allows to produce a substantial abundance of DM in the
early Universe via the decay of the charged heavy state, either in- or
out-of-equilibrium. Moreover additional couplings of the charged particle open
up decay channels for the DM, which can nevertheless be sufficiently long-lived
to be a good DM candidate and within reach of future Indirect Detection
observations. We compare the cosmologically favored parameter regions to the
LHC discovery reach and discuss the possibility of simultaneous detection of DM
decay in Indirect Detection.Comment: 27 page
K-Models and Type IIB Superstring Backgrounds

A family of type IIB superstring backgrounds involving Ramond-Ramond fields
are obtained in ten dimensions starting from a K-model through a generalization
of our recent results. The unbroken global $SL(2,R)$ symmetry of the type IIB
equations of motion are implemented in this context as a solution generating
transfromation. A geometrical analysis, based on the tensor structure of the
higher order $\alpha^{\prime}$ terms in the equations of motion, is employed to
show that these backgrounds are exact.Comment: 15 page
Potential of Lignins as Antioxidant Additive in Active Biodegradable Packaging Materials

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10924-013-0570-6Due to their polyphenolic structure lignins bear a number of interesting functional properties, such as antioxidant activity. Natural antioxidants are very much
looked for in the aim of protection of light or oxygen sensitive goods and are being used in active packaging. Poly(lactide) (PLA)-lignin films were prepared by twin
screw extrusion followed by thermo-compression using two different commercial sources of alkali lignins obtained from gramineous plants. A good dispersion of lignin in the matrix was observed. Mechanical properties of the compounded
material were merely diminished and oxygen barrier properties slightly enhanced. The chromatographic study of the lignins revealed that the low molecular weight
fraction of both lignins increased during the polymer processing. The migration of low molecular weight compounds in an ethanol/water solution simulating fatty
foodstuff was performed and the antioxidant activity of the extract was analysed. It was found that the activity increases with increasing severity of the heat treatment
because of the generation of free phenolic monomers during processing. These results open an interesting way for application of lignins as an active compound in packaging materials. Lignins do not impair the mechanical and barrier performance of the polymer and the plastics processing even allows for the generation of active substances
Design automation with the characteristics properties model and the property driven design for redesign

This paper presents a framework consisting of a mathematical model and an algorithm for representation, analysis and exploration of the design space in redesign problems. The framework develops and extends the existing formalism of the Characteristics Properties Model (CPM) and Property Driven Design (PDD). A platform independent quantitative model based on formal log-ic is presented to map the characteristics and properties, as well as the relations and dependencies between them, along with solution conditions. The model is based on generalization of existing mathematical design models and is support-ed by the development of an algorithm enabling property driven design. The re-sulting framework offers a rich and flexible syntax and vocabulary along with a mathematical and computational tool applicable to mechanical product design
Investigations into the flavor dependence of partonic transverse
  momentum

Recent experimental data on semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering from the
HERMES collaboration allow us to discuss for the first time the flavor
dependence of unpolarized transverse-momentum dependent distribution and
fragmentation functions. We find convincing indications that favored
fragmentation functions into pions have smaller average transverse momentum
than unfavored functions and fragmentation functions into kaons. We find weaker
indications of flavor dependence in the distribution functions
Constructing dynamic optimization test problems using the multi-objective optimization concept.

Dynamic optimization using evolutionary algorithms is receiving increasing interests. However, typical test functions for comparing the performance of various dynamic optimization algorithms still lack. This paper suggests a method for constructing dynamic optimization test problems using multi-objective optimization (MOO) concepts. By aggregating different objectives of an MOO problem and changing the weights dynamically, we are able to construct dynamic single objective and multi-objective test problems systematically. The proposed method is computationally efficient, easily tunable and functionally powerful. This is mainly due to the fact that the proposed method associates dynamic optimization with multi-objective optimization and thus the rich MOO test problems can easily be adapted to dynamic optimization test functions
On the emergence of random initial conditions in fluid limits

The paper presents a phenomenon occurring in population processes that start
near zero and have large carrying capacity. By the classical result of
Kurtz~(1970), such processes, normalized by the carrying capacity, converge on
finite intervals to the solutions of ordinary differential equations, also
known as the fluid limit. When the initial population is small relative to
carrying capacity, this limit is trivial. Here we show that, viewed at suitably
chosen times increasing to infinity, the process converges to the fluid limit,
governed by the same dynamics, but with a random initial condition. This random
initial condition is related to the martingale limit of an associated linear
birth and death process
Efficient Enumeration for Conjunctive Queries over X-underbar Structures

International audienceWe investigate efficient enumeration algorithms for conjunctive queries for databases over binary relations that satisfy the X-underbar property. Tree-like relations such as XPath axes or grids are natural examples of such relations. We first show that the result of an n-ary conjunctive query Q over an X-underbar structure S can be enumerated with a delay in O(n.|S|.|Q|) between two consecutive n-tuples. Then, we consider acyclic conjunctive queries and show that such queries admit an enumeration algorithm with delay O(|Q|.|D|) and a preprocessing in O(|Q|.|S|) where D is the domain of S. The delay can even be improved to O(n.|D|) with a slightly more expensive preprocessing step. As an application of our method, we also show that any n-ary XPath acyclic conjunctive query Q over an unranked tree t can be enumerated with a preprocessing and delay O(|Q|.|t|). In the second part of the paper, we consider conjunctive queries with possible inequalities between variables. In this case, we show that query evaluation is NP-hard and, unless P=NP, these queries do not admit enumeration algorithms with a combined polynomial time delay. However, we also show that hardness relies only on the number l of variables that appear in inequalities. We propose efficient enumeration procedures for acyclic and general conjunctive queries whose delay is exponential in l but polynomial (even quasi-linear) in |Q| and |S|
Categorization Deficit in Old Age: Reality or Artefact?

International audienceWhen categorization behaviour is compared between young and elderly adults, results usually show a decrease in taxonomic choices along with an increase in thematic choices. This can be interpreted in two ways: a decline in the ability to perceive and use taxonomic relations, or a modification of conceptual preferences with aging related to a bias stemming from material which favours young adults. We evaluated the second hypothesis by studying whether the salience of categorical associations could explain the differences generally observed between young and elderly adults. This hypothesis was tested on 25 young subjects (M = 45.3 years, SD =5.6 years) and 30 elderly subjects (M = 71.5 years, SD = 7.1 years) using a matching task: individual judgments were used to build triads in which a target was presented along with a strong and a weak associate. In line with our hypothesis, both age groups were influenced by associative strength and type of relation in the same way. Results are interpreted with Baltes's [1987, Developmental Psychology, 23, 611–626] model
Cherries for sale: The incidence and timing of cross-border M&A

International audienceThis paper develops a model of cross-border M&A activity that features firm-level productivity shocks and endogenous export activity. We show that foreign firms will be relatively more attracted to targets in the domestic country that had high productivity levels that induced them to invest in large export networks several years prior to acquisition, but subsequently experienced a negative productivity shock (i.e., cherries for sale). From the theory we derive a dynamic panel binary choice empirical model to predict cross-border M&A activity, and find strong evidence for our hypotheses connecting the evolution of firm-level productivity to the ultimate targets of cross-border acquisitions using French firm-level data
Metabolic potential of endophytic bacteria

The bacterial endophytic microbiome promotes plant growth and health and beneficial effects are in many cases mediated and characterized by metabolic interactions. Recent advances have been made in regard to metabolite production by plant microsymbionts showing that they may produce a range of different types of metabolites. These substances play a role in defense and competition, but may also be needed for specific interaction and communication with the plant host. Furthermore, few examples of bilateral metabolite production are known and endophytes may modulate plant metabolite synthesis as well. We have just started to understand such metabolic interactions between plants and  endophytes, however, further research is needed to more efficiently make use of beneficial plant-microbe interactions and to reduce pathogen infestation as well as to reveal novel bioactive substances of commercial interest
Monoslope and Multislope MUSCL Methods for unstructured meshes

International audienceWe present new MUSCL techniques associated with cell-centered Finite Volume method on triangular meshes. The first reconstruction consists in calculating a one vectorial slope per control volume by a minimization procedure with respect to a prescribed stability condition. The second technique we propose is based on the computation of three scalar slopes per triangle (one per edges) still respecting some stability condition. The resulting algorithm provides a very simple scheme which is extensible to higher dimensional problems. Numerical approximations have been performed to obtain the convergence order for the advection scalar problem whereas we treat a nonlinear vectorial example, namely the Euler system, to show the capacity of the new MUSCL technique to deal with more complexe situations
Structural knowledge learning from maps for supervised land cover/use classification: Application to the monitoring of land cover/use maps in French Guiana

International audienceThe number of satellites and sensors devoted to Earth observation has become increasingly elevated, delivering extensive data, especially images. At the same time, the access to such data and the tools needed to process them has considerably improved. In the presence of such data flow, we need automatic image interpretation methods, especially when it comes to the monitoring and prediction of environmental and societal changes in highly dynamic socio-environmental contexts. This could be accomplished via artificial intelligence. The concept described here relies on the induction of classification rules that explicitly take into account structural knowledge, using Aleph, an Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) system, combined with a multi-class classification procedure. This methodology was used to monitor changes in land cover/use of the French Guiana coastline. One hundred and fifty-eight classification rules were induced from 3 diachronic land cover/use maps including 38 classes. These rules were expressed in first order logic language, which makes them easily understandable by non-experts. A 10-fold cross-validation gave significant average values of 84.62%, 99.57% and 77.22% for classification accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Our methodology could be beneficial to automatically classify new objects and to facilitate object-based classification procedures
Convergence to separate variables solutions for a degenerate parabolic equation with gradient source

The large time behaviour of nonnegative solutions to a quasilinear degenerate diffusion equation with a source term depending solely on the gradient is investigated. After a suitable rescaling of time, convergence to a unique profile is shown for global solutions. The proof relies on the half-relaxed limits technique within the theory of viscosity solutions and on the construction of suitable supersolutions and barrier functions to obtain optimal temporal decay rates and boundary estimates. Blowup of weak solutions is also studied
Mechanics of membrane-cytoskeleton attachment in Paramecium

International audienceIn this paper we assess the role of the protein MKS1 (Meckel syndrome type 1) in the cortical membrane mechanics of the ciliated protist Paramecium. This protein is known to be crucial in the process of cilium formation, and we investigate its putative role in membrane-cytoskeleton attachment. Therefore, we compare cells where the gene coding for MKS1 is silenced to wild-type cells. We found that scanning electron microscopy observation of the cell surface reveals a cup-like structure in wild-type cells that is lost in silenced cells. Since this structure is based on the underlying cytoskeleton, one hypothesis to explain this observation is a disruption of membrane attachment to the cytoskeleton in the absence of MKS1 that should affect plasma membrane mechanics. We test this by probing the mechanics of wild-type and silenced cells by micropipette aspiration. Strikingly, we observe that, at the same aspiration pressure, the membrane of silenced cells is easily aspirated by the micropipette whereas that of wild-type cells enters only at a moderate velocity, an effect that suggests a detachment of the membrane from the underlying cytoskeleton in silenced cells. We quantify this detachment by measuring the deformation of the cell cortex and the rate of cell membrane entry in the micropipette. This study offers a new perspective for the characterization of membrane-cytoskeleton attachment in protists and paves the way for a better understanding of the role of membrane-cortex attachment in cilium formation
Granular plasticity, a contribution from discrete mechanics

International audienceFailures by divergence instabilities in rate-independent non-associated material, such as granular matter, can occur from mechanical states described by the plastic stress limit surface, but also from stress states strictly included within this surface. Besides, the failure mode may be localized, with for instance the formation of shear bands, or diffuse with a strain field remaining homogeneous. All these failures can be described in a unique framework where plastic limit stress states appear as particular cases of generalized limit states; and where the effective development of failure is characterized by the unbounded increase of response parameters linked by a failure rule (i.e. a generalized plastic flow rule), together with a bifurcation of the mechanical response from a quasi-static pre-failure response to a dynamic post-failure one. All these features are discussed and highlighted from direct numerical simulations performed with a discrete element model. Moreover, the second order work criterion directly related at the macroscopic scale to divergence instabilities, is shown to be also relevant at the scale of inter-particle contacts
Effects of parametric noise on a nonlinear oscillator

http://www.irphe.univ-mrs.fr/~marcq/publis/erice.pdfWe study a model of a nonlinear oscillator with a random frequency and derive the asymptotic behavior of the probability distribution function when the noise is white. In the small damping limit, we show that the physical observables grow algebraically with time before the dissipative time scale is reached, and calculate the associated anomalous diffusion exponents. In the case of colored noise, with a non-zero but arbitrarily small correlation time, the characteristic exponents are modified. We determine their values, thanks to a self-consistent Ansatz