pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Production of 4He and 4Hein Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76TeVat the LHC

Results on the production of 4He and 4Henuclei in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76TeVin the rapidity range |y|<1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0–10% central events are found to be dN/dy4He=(0.8±0.4(stat)±0.3(syst))×10−6and dN/dy4He=(1.1 ±0.4(stat) ±0.2(syst)) ×10−6, respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (Tchem=156MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of 4He/4Heis 1.4 ±0.8(stat) ±0.5(syst)
Resolving the optical emission lines of Ly$\alpha$ Blob "B1" at z = 2.38 : another hidden quasar.

We have used the SINFONI near-infrared integral field unit on the Very Large Telescope to resolve the optical emission line structure of one of the brightest (L Lyα ≈ 1044 erg s–1) and nearest (z ≈ 2.38) of all Lyα blobs (LABs). The target, known in the literature as object "B1", lies at a redshift where the main optical emission lines are accessible in the observed near-infrared. We detect luminous [O III] λλ4959, 5007 and Hα emission with a spatial extent of at least 32 × 40 kpc (4'' × 5''). The dominant optical emission line component shows relatively broad lines (600-800 km s–1, FWHM) and line ratios consistent with active galactic nucleus (AGN) photoionization. The new evidence for AGN photoionization, combined with previously detected C IV and luminous, warm infrared emission, suggest that B1 is the site of a hidden quasar. This is confirmed by the fact that [O II] is relatively weak compared with [O III] (extinction-corrected [O III]/[O II] of about 3.8), which is indicative of a high, Seyfert-like ionization parameter. From the extinction-corrected [O III] luminosity we infer a bolometric AGN luminosity of ~3 × 1046 erg s–1, and further conclude that the obscured AGN may be Compton-thick given existing X-ray limits. The large line widths observed are consistent with clouds moving within the narrow-line region of a luminous QSO. The AGN scenario is capable of producing sufficient ionizing photons to power the Lyα, even in the presence of dust. By performing a census of similar objects in the literature, we find that virtually all luminous LABs harbor obscured quasars. Based on simple duty-cycle arguments, we conclude that AGNs are the main drivers of the Lyα in LABs rather than the gravitational heating and subsequent cooling suggested by cold stream models. We also conclude that the empirical relation between LABs and overdense environments at high redshift must be due to a more fundamental correlation between AGNs (or massive galaxies) and environment
Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at s√=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Inclusive jet and dijet cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The measurement uses a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 recorded in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Jets are identified using the anti-kt algorithm with a radius parameter value of R = 0.4. The inclusive jet cross-sections are measured double-differentially as a function of the jet transverse momentum, covering the range from 100 GeV to 3.5 TeV, and the absolute jet rapidity up to |y| = 3. The double-differential dijet production cross-sections are presented as a function of the dijet mass, covering the range from 300 GeV to 9 TeV, and the half absolute rapidity separation between the two leading jets within |y| < 3, y∗, up to y∗ = 3. Next-to-leading-order, and next-to-next-to-leading-order for the inclusive jet measurement, perturbative QCD calculations corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects are compared to the measured cross-sections
Identification of an agrin mutation that causes congenital myasthenia and affects synapse function.

We report the case of a congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a mutation in AGRN, the gene encoding agrin, an extracellular matrix molecule released by the nerve and critical for formation of the neuromuscular junction. Gene analysis identified a homozygous missense mutation, c.5125G&gt;C, leading to the p.Gly1709Arg variant. The muscle-biopsy specimen showed a major disorganization of the neuromuscular junction, including changes in the nerve-terminal cytoskeleton and fragmentation of the synaptic gutters. Experiments performed in nonmuscle cells or in cultured C2C12 myotubes and using recombinant mini-agrin for the mutated and the wild-type forms showed that the mutated form did not impair the activation of MuSK or change the total number of induced acetylcholine receptor aggregates. A solid-phase assay using the dystrophin glycoprotein complex showed that the mutation did not affect the binding of agrin to alpha-dystroglycan. Injection of wild-type or mutated agrin into rat soleus muscle induced the formation of nonsynaptic acetylcholine receptor clusters, but the mutant protein specifically destabilized the endogenous neuromuscular junctions. Importantly, the changes observed in rat muscle injected with mutant agrin recapitulated the pre- and post-synaptic modifications observed in the patient. These results indicate that the mutation does not interfere with the ability of agrin to induce postsynaptic structures but that it dramatically perturbs the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction
Quark Confinement from Color Confinement

We relate quark confinement, as measured by the Polyakov-loop order
parameter, to color confinement, as described by the
Kugo-Ojima/Gribov-Zwanziger scenario. We identify a simple criterion for quark
confinement based on the IR behaviour of ghost and gluon propagators, and
compute the order-parameter potential from the knowledge of Landau-gauge
correlation functions with the aid of the functional RG. Our approach predicts
the deconfinement transition in quenched QCD to be of first order for SU(3) and
second order for SU(2) -- in agreement with general expectations. As an
estimate for the critical temperature, we obtain T_c=284MeV for SU(3).Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Well-posedness of the Einstein-Euler system in asymptotically flat spacetimes: the constraint equations

This paper deals with the construction of initial data for the coupled Einstein-Euler system. We consider the condition where the energy density might vanish or tend to zero at infinity, and where the pressure is a fractional power of the energy density. In order to achieve our goals we use a type of weighted Sobolev space of fractional order.\par The common Lichnerowicz-York scaling method (Choquet-Bruhat and York, 1980 [9]; Cantor, 1979 [7]) for solving the constraint equations cannot be applied here directly. The basic problem is that the matter sources are scaled conformally and the fluid variables have to be recovered from the conformally transformed matter sources. This problem has been addressed, although in a different context, by Dain and Nagy (2002) [11]. We show that if the matter variables are restricted to a certain region, then the Einstein constraint equations have a unique solution in the weighted Sobolev spaces of fractional order. The regularity depends upon the fractional power of the equation of state
Laser irradiation-induced α to δ phase transformation in Bi_2O_3 ceramics and nanowires.

The α-Bi_2O_3 to δ-Bi_2O_3phase transformation has been locally induced by laser irradiation in ceramic samples and single-crystal nanowires of this oxide. The threshold power densities necessary to induce this transformation, as well as the corresponding transformation kinetics and its temporal stability, have been investigated in both kinds of samples by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The appearance of the δ phase was also monitored by spatially resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. An emission band peaked near 1.67 eV, not observed in α-Bi_2O_3, is tentatively attributed to δ-Bi_2O_3 near band gap transitions
Network balance via CRY signalling controls the Arabidopsis circadian clock over ambient temperatures

notes: PMCID: PMC3619941types: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tCircadian clocks exhibit 'temperature compensation', meaning that they show only small changes in period over a broad temperature range. Several clock genes have been implicated in the temperature-dependent control of period in Arabidopsis. We show that blue light is essential for this, suggesting that the effects of light and temperature interact or converge upon common targets in the circadian clock. Our data demonstrate that two cryptochrome photoreceptors differentially control circadian period and sustain rhythmicity across the physiological temperature range. In order to test the hypothesis that the targets of light regulation are sufficient to mediate temperature compensation, we constructed a temperature-compensated clock model by adding passive temperature effects into only the light-sensitive processes in the model. Remarkably, this model was not only capable of full temperature compensation and consistent with mRNA profiles across a temperature range, but also predicted the temperature-dependent change in the level of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, a key clock protein. Our analysis provides a systems-level understanding of period control in the plant circadian oscillator.BBSRC/EPSRC‐funded ROBuST SABR project (BB/F005237/1, BB/F005318/1, BB/F005261/1 and BB/F005296/1) led by Karen Halliday
Superconducting band stabilizing superconductivity in MgB2

It is shown that the superconducting intermetallic compound MgB2 possesses a
narrow, partly filled "superconducting band" with Wannier functions of special
symmetry in its band structure. This result corroborates previous observations
about the band structures of numerous superconductors and non-superconductors
showing that evidently superconductivity is always connected with such
superconducting bands. These findings are interpreted in the framework of a
nonadiabatic extension of the Heisenberg model. Within this new
group-theoretical model of correlated systems, Cooper pairs are stabilized by a
nonadiabatic mechanism of constraining forces effective in narrow
superconducting bands. The formation of Cooper pairs in a superconducting band
is mediated by the energetically lowest boson excitations in the considered
material that carry the crystal spin-angular momentum 1 x h-bar. These
crystal-spin-1 bosons are proposed to determine whether the material is a
conventional low-Tc or a high-Tc superconductor. This interpretation provides
the electron-phonon mechanism that enters the BCS theory in conventional
superconductors.Comment: To be published in Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetis
Global well-posedness for Schr\"odinger equation with derivative in
  $H^{{1/2}}(\R)$

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of the cubic nonlinear
Schr\"{o}dinger equation with derivative in $H^s(\R)$. This equation was known
to be the local well-posedness for $s\geq \frac12$ (Takaoka,1999),
ill-posedness for $s<\frac12$ (Biagioni and Linares, 2001, etc.) and global
well-posedness for $s>\frac12$ (I-team, 2002). In this paper, we show that it
is global well-posedness in $H^{1/2(\R)$. The main approach is the third
generation I-method combined with some additional resonant decomposition
technique. The resonant decomposition is applied to control the singularity
coming from the resonant interaction.Comment: 31pages; In this version, we change some expressions in Englis
Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 900 GeV
  measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS
detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a
minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV.
The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and
pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and
charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged
particle in the kinematic range |eta|<2.5 and pT>500 MeV. The measurements are
compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from
other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle
multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity at eta = 0 is measured to be
1.333 +/- 0.003 (stat.) +/- 0.040 (syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte
Carlo models predict.Comment: 40 pages (pages 24-40 appendix with ATLAS collaboration author list),
  4 figures. The data points are in the HEP-data database at:
  http://hepdata.cedar.ac.uk/View/859180
Spin-Orbit Based Coherent Spin Ratchets

The concept of ratchets, driven asymmetric periodic structures giving rise to
directed particle flow, has recently been generalized to a quantum ratchet
mechanism for spin currents mediated through spin-orbit interaction. Here we
consider such systems in the coherent mesoscopic regime and generalize the
proposal of a minimal spin ratchet model based on a non-interacting clean
quantum wire with two transverse channels by including disorder and by
self-consistently treating the charge redistribution in the nonlinear
(adiabatic) ac-driving regime. Our Keldysh-Green function based quantum
transport simulations show that the spin ratchet mechanism is robust and
prevails for disordered, though non-diffusive, mesoscopic structures. Extending
the two-channel to the multi-channel case does not increase the net ratchet
spin current efficiency but, remarkably, yields a dc spin transmission
increasing linearly with channel number.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures; to be published in Chemical Physic
Analysis of Width-$w$ Non-Adjacent Forms to Imaginary Quadratic Bases

We consider digital expansions to the base of $\tau$, where $\tau$ is an
algebraic integer. For a $w \geq 2$, the set of admissible digits consists of 0
and one representative of every residue class modulo $\tau^w$ which is not
divisible by $\tau$. The resulting redundancy is avoided by imposing the width
$w$-NAF condition, i.e., in an expansion every block of $w$ consecutive digits
contains at most one non-zero digit. Such constructs can be efficiently used in
elliptic curve cryptography in conjunction with Koblitz curves.
  The present work deals with analysing the number of occurrences of a fixed
non-zero digit. In the general setting, we study all $w$-NAFs of given length
of the expansion. We give an explicit expression for the expectation and the
variance of the occurrence of such a digit in all expansions. Further a central
limit theorem is proved.
  In the case of an imaginary quadratic $\tau$ and the digit set of minimal
norm representatives, the analysis is much more refined: We give an asymptotic
formula for the number of occurrence of a digit in the $w$-NAFs of all elements
of $\Z[\tau]$ in some region (e.g. a disc). The main term coincides with the
full block length analysis, but a periodic fluctuation in the second order term
is also exhibited. The proof follows Delange's method.
  We also show that in the case of imaginary quadratic $\tau$ and $w \geq 2$,
the digit set of minimal norm representatives leads to $w$-NAFs for \emph{all}
elements of $\Z[\tau]$. Additionally some properties of the fundamental domain
are stated
Correlation Widths in Quantum--Chaotic Scattering

An important parameter to characterize the scattering matrix S for
quantum-chaotic scattering is the width Gamma_{corr} of the S-matrix
autocorrelation function. We show that the "Weisskopf estimate" d/(2pi) sum_c
T_c (where d is the mean resonance spacing, T_c with 0 <= T_c <= 1 the
"transmission coefficient" in channel c and where the sum runs over all
channels) provides a very good approximation to Gamma_{corr} even when the
number of channels is small. That same conclusion applies also to the
cross-section correlation function
Investigations of fast neutron production by 190 GeV/c muon interactions
  on different targets

The production of fast neutrons (1 MeV - 1 GeV) in high energy muon-nucleus
interactions is poorly understood, yet it is fundamental to the understanding
of the background in many underground experiments. The aim of the present
experiment (CERN NA55) was to measure spallation neutrons produced by 190 GeV/c
muons scattering on carbon, copper and lead targets. We have investigated the
energy spectrum and angular distribution of spallation neutrons, and we report
the result of our measurement of the neutron production differential cross
section.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures ep
Supersymmetric Grand Unification Model with the Orbifold Symmetry
  Breaking in the Six Dimensional Supergravity

We construct supersymmetric (SUSY) grand unification (GUT) models in the six
dimensional space-time where the GUT symmetry is broken down to the
standard-model gauge group by a simple orbifolding T^2/Z_4 or T^2/Z_6 and a
pair of massless Higgs doublets in the SUSY standard model are naturally
obtained. Since the background geometry here is simple compared with models
using the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, one might hope for an approximate gauge
coupling unification in the present models. Here, the presence of the massless
Higgs multiplets in the bulk is quite natural, since the anomaly cancellation
in the six dimensional space-time requires N=2 hyper multiplets in the bulk,
some of which are origins of the Higgs doublets. However, the origin of the
quarks and leptons is still not clear at all.Comment: 9 pages, including 2 figures, UT-96
A convenient implementation of the overlap between arbitrary
  Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov vacua for projection

Overlap between Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(HFB) vacua is very important in the
beyond mean-field calculations. However, in the HFB transformation, the $U,V$
matrices are sometimes singular due to the exact emptiness ($v_i=0$) or full
occupation ($u_i=0$) of some single-particle orbits. This singularity may cause
some problem in evaluating the overlap between HFB vacua through Pfaffian. We
found that this problem can be well avoided by setting those zero occupation
numbers to some tiny values (e.g., $u_i,v_i=10^{-8}$). This treatment does not
change the HFB vacuum state because $u_i^2,v_i^2=10^{-16}$ are numerically zero
relative to 1. Therefore, for arbitrary HFB transformation, we say that the
$U,V$ matrices can always be nonsingular. From this standpoint, we present a
new convenient Pfaffian formula for the overlap between arbitrary HFB vacua,
which is especially suitable for symmetry restoration. Testing calculations
have been performed for this new formula. It turns out that our method is
reliable and accurate in evaluating the overlap between arbitrary HFB vacua.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Published versio
Observation of associated production of a $Z$ boson with a $D$ meson in
  the~forward region

A search for associated production of a $Z$ boson with an open charm meson is
presented using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
$1.0\,\mathrm{fb}^{-`}$ of proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy
of 7\,TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. %% Seven candidate events for
associated production of a $Z$ boson with a $D^0$ meson and four candidate
events for a $Z$ boson with a $D^+$ meson are observed with a combined
significance of 5.1standard deviations. The production cross-sections in the
forward region are measured to be $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^0} =
2.50\pm1.12\pm0.22pb$$ $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^+} =
0.44\pm0.23\pm0.03pb,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the
second systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure
Spectroscopic study of early-type multiple stellar systems II. New
  binary subsystems

Context. This work is part of a long-term spectroscopic study of a sample of
30 multiple stars with early-type components. In this second paper we present
the results of six multiple systems in which new stellar components have been
detected.
  Aims. The main aim is to increase the knowledge of stellar properties and
dynamical structure of early-type multiple stellar systems.
  Methods. Using spectroscopic observations taken over a time baseline of more
than 5 years we measured RVs by cross-correlations and applied a spectral
disentangling method to double-lined systems. Besides the discovery of objects
with double-lined spectra, the existence of new spectroscopic subsystems have
been inferred from the radial velocity variations of single-lined components
and through the variation of the barycentric velocity of double-lined
subsystems. Orbital elements have been calculated when possible.
  Results. Seven new stellar components and two members that we expect to
confirm with new observations have been discovered in the six studied
multiples. We present orbital parameters for two double-lined binaries and
preliminary orbits for three single-lined spectroscopic binaries. Five of the
six analysed systems are quadruples, while the remaining has five components
distributed in four hierarchical levels. These multiplicity orders are in fact
lower limits, since these systems lack high-resolution visual observations and
additional hierarchical level might exist in that separation range.
  Conclusions. The six analysed systems have greater multiplicity degree and a
more complex hierarchical structure than previously known, which suggests that
high-order multiple systems are significantly more frequent that it is
currently estimated. The long term spectroscopic monitoring of multiple systems
has shown to be useful for the detection of companions in intermediate
hierarchical levels.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic
Measurement of differential production cross-sections for a $Z$ boson in
  association with $b$-jets in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS
  detector

Measurements of differential production cross-sections of a $Z$ boson in
association with $b$-jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV are reported.
The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb$^{-1}$
recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Particle-level
cross-sections are determined for events with a $Z$ boson decaying into an
electron or muon pair, and containing $b$-jets. For events with at least one
$b$-jet, the cross-section is presented as a function of the $Z$ boson
transverse momentum and rapidity, together with the inclusive $b$-jet
cross-section as a function of $b$-jet transverse momentum, rapidity and
angular separations between the $b$-jet and the $Z$ boson. For events with at
least two $b$-jets, the cross-section is determined as a function of the
invariant mass and angular separation of the two highest transverse momentum
$b$-jets, and as a function of the $Z$ boson transverse momentum and rapidity.
Results are compared to leading-order and next-to-leading-order perturbative
QCD calculations.Comment: 34 pages plus author list and cover pages (57 pages total), 13
  figures, 4 tables, published in JHEP10(2014)141. All figures including
  auxiliary figures are available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2012-15
BPS-spectra in four dimensions from M-theory

I review my work together with Piljin Yi on the spectrum of BPS-saturated states in N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories. In an M-theory description, such states are realized as certain two-brane configurations. We first show how the central charge of the N = 2 algebra arises from the two-form central charge of the eleven-dimensional supersymmetry algebra, and derive the condition for a two-brane configuration to be BPS-saturated. We then discuss how the topology of the two-brane determines the type of BPS-multiplet. Finally, we discuss the phenomenon of marginal stability and show how it is related to the mutual non-locality of states