pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A gentle introduction to the functional renormalization group: the Kondo
  effect in quantum dots

The functional renormalization group provides an efficient description of the
interplay and competition of correlations on different energy scales in
interacting Fermi systems. An exact hierarchy of flow equations yields the
gradual evolution from a microscopic model Hamiltonian to the effective action
as a function of a continuously decreasing energy cutoff. Practical
implementations rely on suitable truncations of the hierarchy, which capture
nonuniversal properties at higher energy scales in addition to the universal
low-energy asymptotics. As a specific example we study transport properties
through a single-level quantum dot coupled to Fermi liquid leads. In
particular, we focus on the temperature T=0 gate voltage dependence of the
linear conductance. A comparison with exact results shows that the functional
renormalization group approach captures the broad resonance plateau as well as
the emergence of the Kondo scale. It can be easily extended to more complex
setups of quantum dots.Comment: contribution to Les Houches proceedings 2006, Springer styl
Imaging transverse electron focusing in semiconducting heterostructures
  with spin-orbit coupling

Transverse electron focusing in two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) with
strong spin-orbit coupling is revisited. The transverse focusing is related to
the transmission between two contacts at the edge of a 2DEG when a
perpendicular magnetic field is applied. Scanning probe microscopy imaging
techniques can be used to study the electron flow in these systems. Using
numerical techniques we simulate the images that could be obtained in such
experiments. We show that hybrid edge states can be imaged and that the
outgoing flux can be polarized if the microscope tip probe is placed in
specific positions.Comment: Contribution to the Book/Proceedings of the PITP Les Houches School
  on "Quantum Magnetism" held on June, 2006. Final forma
Halfvortices in flat nanomagnets

We discuss a new type of topological defect in XY systems where the O(2)
symmetry is broken in the presence of a boundary. Of particular interest is the
appearance of such defects in nanomagnets with a planar geometry. They are
manifested as kinks of magnetization along the edge and can be viewed as
halfvortices with winding numbers \pm 1/2. We argue that halfvortices play a
role equally important to that of ordinary vortices in the statics and dynamics
of flat nanomagnets. Domain walls found in experiments and numerical
simulations are composite objects containing two or more of these elementary
defects. We also discuss a closely related system: the two-dimensional smectic
liquid crystal films with planar boundary condition.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, To appear as a chapter in Les Houches summer
  school on Quantum Magnetis
High field level crossing studies on spin dimers in the low dimensional
  quantum spin system Na$_2$T$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$(H$_2$O)$_2$ with
  T=Ni,Co,Fe,Mn

In this paper we demonstrate the application of high magnetic fields to study
the magnetic properties of low dimensional spin systems. We present a case
study on the series of 2-leg spin-ladder compounds
Na$_2$T$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$(H$_2$O)$_2$ with T = Ni, Co, Fe and Mn. In all
compounds the transition metal is in the $T^{2+}$ high spin configuation. The
localized spin varies from S=1 to 3/2, 2 and 5/2 within this series. The
magnetic properties were examined experimentally by magnetic susceptibility,
pulsed high field magnetization and specific heat measurements. The data are
analysed using a spin hamiltonian description. Although the transition metal
ions form structurally a 2-leg ladder, an isolated dimer model consistently
describes the observations very well. This behaviour can be understood in terms
of the different coordination and superexchange angles of the oxalate ligands
along the rungs and legs of the 2-leg spin ladder. All compounds exhibit
magnetic field driven ground state changes which at very low temperatures lead
to a multistep behaviour in the magnetization curves. In the Co and Fe
compounds a strong axial anisotropy induced by the orbital magnetism leads to a
nearly degenerate ground state and a strongly reduced critical field. We find a
monotonous decrease of the intradimer magnetic exchange if the spin quantum
number is increased
The Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Self-Organisation of Polysilane Block Copolymers

Block copolymers containing polysilane blocks are unique in that the polysilane components possess electro-active properties and are readily photodegradable. This review will discuss and assess the two major approaches to the synthesis of polysilane block copolymers via pre-formed polymer chain coupling and living polymerisation techniques. The self-organisation of polysilane block copolymers and the morphologies adopted in thin films are reviewed. Amphiphilic polysilane-containing block copolymers self-assemble in solvents selective for one block and a number of examples are highlighted. The versatility of these materials is highlighted by recent significant applications including the preparation of hollow crosslinked micellar aggregates in aqueous solutions and in patterned thin film generation subsequently employed as templates for the growth of cell cultures and CaCO (3.
Researching refugees : methodological and ethical considerations

Research with refugees involves particular conceptual, ethical and methodological issues. In this chapter, we outline a number of approaches to refugee research. The merits and limitations of the dominant trauma approach are reviewed, noting the particular tendency of this approach to exclude indigenous forms of knowledge and understanding. We review the emergence of alternative or complementary approaches which strive to integrate qualitative and quantitative methodologies and emphasise a return to human experience and a deeper eco-social and cultural understanding of the refugee experience. One such methodology, interpretative phenomenological analysis is described in greater detail. We then extend our chapter to examine some of the ethical issues which emerge in refugee-related research. This section locates the research enterprise within the broader socio-political context of engaged research. \ud
Researching refugee - Ethical issue - Methodological issue - Cultural understanding - Interpretative Phenomenology - Socio-political context of research - Sudanese refugee - Mental health\ud
\u
A nonholonomic 3-DOF parallel robot

Presentado al 11th International Symposium on Advances in Robot Kinematics (ARK/2008) celebrado en Berlin, Germany.This paper addresses the problem of devising a parallel robot that can achieve a general position and orientation for its moving platform using three motors only. At first glance, this might seem impossible but, by using nonholonomic joints, three motors can manoeuver to approximate any six-degree-of-freedom motion for the platform. We analyze the case of a 3-UPU parallel robot in which each universal joint attached to the base is substituted by a spherical joint whose motion is constrained by a disk that can freely roll in contact with the sphere without slipping. The proposed robot involves fewer links and actuators than standard six-degree-of-freedom robots offering a large workspace free from leg interferences.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through contract DPI2007-60858, and by the Research Network on Advanced Production Techniques of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia (Xartap).Peer Reviewe
Moral interests, privacy and medical research.

This chapter examines the relationship between the values of research and privacy in the context of medical research on patient data. An analytical framework is developed by interpreting the conception of privacy advanced in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights by reference to the Principle of Generic Consistency, seminally argued to be the supreme principle of morality by Alan Gewirth. This framework is used to uncloak the inequity of positions uncompromisingly prioritising research values over privacy values or vice versa—research worship and consent worship, respectively. We then apply this framework to three hypothetical studies to show how apparent conflicts between research and privacy values can be resolved. \u
Chapter 2:  The consumption and production of fisheries information in the digital age

Chapter 2 from this book:
B.A. Megrey, E. Moksness (eds.), Computers in Fisheries Research, 2nd ed.The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8636-6_2, _ Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2009Fisheries scientists persistently create, communicate, and use information. In
 fact, if they did not, there would be no fisheries science. To exist, science must be
 part of a continuum where shared information, from casual hallway communications
 to rigorously reviewed articles, documents the questions asked and
 the solutions suggested. Relevant information is critical to the success of basic
 and applied fisheries research projects. Identifying the relevant at the beginning
 of a project and then communicating what is important out of the project
 are elements of the life cycle of fisheries information. Both have become
 simultaneously easier and more difficult as the amount of information increases
 within the digital environment. The access to information is simpler and yet
 more nuanced.
 The following attempts to assist with that decision making by describing
 approaches, options and challenges to consuming relevant information and
 then producing, or communicating, the same. On the consumption side, we
 will discuss how to identify, obtain and manage fisheries information. As tools
 change, the focus will be on strategies with specific examples of current tools.
 On the production end, we will explain the decisions to be made regarding
 intended audiences and possible outlets, publishing options, copyright considerations,
 access points, and archiving responsibilities. Finally, we will return to
 the electronic information environment to put the consumption strategies and
 publishing decisions into a larger context. Here we will touch on the economics
 of publishing and access, possible legal issues, the concept of the digital library,
 and information integrity and preservation
Elements of urban form

This chapter provides a common platform for the research presented in this book and is divided into two parts. The first section examines the elements of urban form identified for the purposes of the research and explains how they were measured. The second section profiles the five case study cities and fifteen case neighbourhoods which were the focus for the empirical research discussed in later chapters. These profiles provide an outline of both the urban form and socio-economic characteristics of the areas studied. The chapter concludes with a review of the urban form features of the case study cities and neighbourhoods, and shows how the different physical elements integrate together with socio-economic characteristics
The material and political bases of lived poverty in Africa: Insights from the Afrobarometer

The Afrobarometer has developed an experiential measure of lived poverty (how frequently people go without basic necessities during the course of a year) that measures a portion of the central core of the concept of poverty not captured by existing objective or subjective measures. Empirically, the measure has strong individual level construct validity and reliability within any cross national round of surveys. Yet it also displays inconsistent levels of external validity as a measure of aggregate level poverty when compared to other objective, material measures of poverty or well being. Surprisingly, however, we find that lived poverty is very strongly related to country level measures of political freedom. This finding simultaneously supports Sen's (1999) arguments about development as freedom, corroborates Halperin et al’s (2005) arguments about the “democracy advantage” in development, and increases our confidence that we are indeed measuring the experiential core of poverty
Categorisation of designs according to preference values for shape rules

Shape grammars have been used to explore design spaces through design generation according to sets of shape rules with a recursive process. Although design space exploration is a persistent issue in computational design research, there have been few studies regarding the provision of more preferable and refined outcomes to designers. This paper presents an approach for the categorisation of design outcomes from shape grammar systems to support individual preferences via two customised viewpoints: (i) absolute preference values of shape rules and (ii) relative preference values of shape rules with shape rule classification levels with illustrative examples
A Novel Approach for Creating Consistent Trust and Cooperation (CTC) among Mobile Nodes of Ad Hoc Network

The final publication is available at www.springerlink.comThis paper provides a critical analysis of the recent research wok and its impact on the overall performance of a mobile Ad hoc network. In this paper, we clarify some of the misconceptions in the understating of selfishness and miss-behavior of nodes. Moreover, we propose a mathematical model that based on the time division technique to minimize the node misbehavior by avoiding unnecessary elimination of bad nodes. Our proposed approach not only improves the resource sharing but also creates a consistent trust and cooperation (CTC) environment among the mobile nodes. We believe, that the proposed mathematical model not only points out the weaknesses of the recent research work but also approximates the optimal values of the critical parameters such as throughput, transmission over head, channel capacity etc. The simulation results demonstrate the success of the proposed approach that significantly minimizes the malicious nodes and consequently maximizes the overall throughput of the Ad Hoc network than the other well known schemes.http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-8737-0_9
Bandwidth Problem in High Performance Packet Switching Network

Pre-print of "Bandwidth Problem in High Performance Packet Switching Network". The final publication is available at www.springerlink.comHigh performance packet switching networks are being deployed to provide sufficient data bandwidth for end users 3G services such as video streaming and broadband like data services. The use of high performance networks is, therefore, essential to the success of any 3G service. However, in practice, the deployment of High performance packet switching networks is hindered due to the improper congestion control which consequently results longer delays. In this paper, we propose a new method that can effectively improve the congestion control in high performance packet switching networks. Our numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can be implemented for both lightly and heavily loaded networks. Simulation results show that the transmission delays can also be reduced significantly that improves the over all performance of high performance packet switching networks.http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-8737-0_9
Taxonomy of Linux Kernel Vulnerability Solutions

This paper presents the results of a case study on software vulnerability solutions in the Linux kernel. Our major contribution is the introduction of a classification of methods used to solve vulnerabilities. Our research shows that error handling, redesign, and precondition validation are the most used methods in solving vulnerabilities in the Linux kernel. This contribution is accompanied with statistics on the occurrence of the different types of vulnerabilities and their solutions that we observed during our case study, combined with example source code patches. We also combine our findings with existing programming guidelines to create the first security-oriented coding guidelines for the Linux kernel
GTRSSN: Gaussian Trust and Reputation System for Sensor Networks

This paper introduces a new Gaussian trust and reputation system for wireless sensor networks based on sensed continuous events to address security issues and to deal with malicious and unreliable nodes. It is representing a new approach of calculating trust between sensor nodes based on their sensed data and the reported data from surrounding nodes. It is addressing the trust issue from a continuous sensed data which is different from all other approaches which address the issue from communications and binary point of view
Fokker-Planck and Chapman-Kolmogorov equations for Ito processes with finite memory

The usual derivation of the Fokker-Planck partial differential eqn. (pde) assumes the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation for a Markov process [1,2]. Starting instead with an Ito stochastic differential equation (sde), we argue that finitely many states of memory are allowed in Kolmogorov’s two pdes, K1 (the backward time pde) and K2 (the Fokker-Planck pde), and show that a Chapman-Kolmogorov eqn. follows as well. We adapt Friedman’s derivation [3] to emphasize that finite memory is not excluded. We then give an example of a Gaussian transition density with 1-state memory satisfying both K1, K2, and the Chapman-Kolmogorov eqns. We begin the paper by explaining the meaning of backward time diffusion, and end by using our interpretation to produce a very short proof that the Green function for the Black-Scholes pde describes a Martingale in the risk neutral discounted stock price.
Expression profiles in barley microspore embryogenesis

The definitive version is available at:\ud
\ud
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p31125/In barley, microarray technology has allowed to study the gene expression profiling associated with the stress pretreatment phase of microspore embryogenesis, where the reprogramming of microspores takes place. Transcriptome analysis of anthers before and after four days of mannitol pretreatment, revealed changes in the expression of 2,673 genes. A thorough study of these differentially expressed genes indicated that microspores maintained their cell cycle machinery in a steady state during stress pretreatment and underwent a major reorganization of metabolic pathways accompanied by a multi-dimensional stress response. Up-regulation of transcription factors related to stress responses and changes in developmental programmes took place during the pretreatment. Preliminary studies have indicated that YABBY5, ZML2, CURLY LEAF and ICE1 transcription factors have a stress pretreatment specific induction and, therefore, could play a direct role in microspore reprogramming.Peer reviewe
Language, culture and learning mathematics: A Bourdieuian analysis of Indigenous learning

Indigenous students in Australia perform poorly on testing measures (MCEETYA,   2009). This is of national concern and a priority for government, as evidenced   in the 'Closing the Gap' initiative (FaHCSIA, 2009). Geographical location and   poverty compound issues of indigeneity, so that Indigenous students in remote locations are most at risk of performing poorly on measures of literacy and numeracy.   In this chapter, I seek to challenge the orthodoxy that poor performances among   remote/Indigenous students are a consequence of construct sof ability or learning   dif?culties per se. Rather, I seek to illustrate how the mathematics curriculum delivered   to Indigenous students represents a particular cultural form.This is particularly   poignant as Australia moves to a national curriculum (National Curriculum Board,   2008). The dif?culties in learning mathematics experienced by many Indigenous   students can be thought of as a confrontation of language differences (and, by   implication, culture). From this perspective, coming to learn mathematics is about   'cracking the code' through which mathematical concepts and processes are embedded and relayed, so that learning dif?culties are viewed as structural dif?culties   rather than individual dif?culties. By reconceptualising the 'learning dif?culties'   experienced by Indigenous learners in mathematics/numeracy, a more inclusive   approach to educational reform can be envisaged and enacted.Arts, Education & Law Group, School of Education and Professional StudiesFull Tex
Transforming holistic assessment and grading into a vehicle for complex learning

For students to develop the capacity to produce complex works of consistently high quality, they need to be able to monitor the quality of their work during its production. This requires that they know what constitutes high quality; how to compare the quality of their emerging work with their model of high quality; and how to modify their work accordingly. A common approach to assessing complex works is to apply a set of fixed criteria. This practice gives rise to various anomalies, two of which are analysed in this chapter. This phenomenon calls into question the fundamental validity of using preset criteria as the preferred approach for judging quality. Instead, holistic judgments are required. A teaching approach that deliberately blurs the boundary between pedagogy and assessment so students can develop the ability to make holistic appraisals is outlined in the second part of this chapter.Arts, Education & Law Group, Griffith Institute of Higher EducationFull Tex
Leading the transformation of learning and praxis in science classrooms

Individual science teachers who have inspired colleagues to transform their classroom praxis have been labelled transformational leaders. As the notion of distributed leadership became more accepted in the educational literature, the focus on the individual teacher-leader shifted to the study of leadership praxis both by individuals (whoever they might be) and by collectives within schools and science classrooms. This review traces the trajectory of leadership research, in the context of learning and teaching science, from an individual focus to a dialectical relationship between individual and collective praxis. The implications of applying an individual-collective perspective to praxis for teachers, students and their designated leaders are discussed
Research steps towards human sequence evaluation

Human Sequence Evaluation (HSE) concentrates on how to extract descriptions of human behaviour from videos in a restricted discourse domain, such as (i) pedestrians crossing inner-city roads where pedestrians appear approaching or waiting at stops of busses or trams, and (ii) humans in indoor worlds like an airport hall, a train station, or a lobby. These discourse domains allow exploring a coherent evaluation of human movements and facial expressions across a wide variation of scale. This general approach lends itself to various cognitive surveillance scenarios at varying degrees of resolution: from wide-field-of-view multiple-agent scenes, through to more specific inferences of emotional state that could be elicited from high resolution imagery of faces. The true challenge of HSE will consist of the development of a system facility which starts with basic knowledge about pedestrian behaviour in the chosen discourse domain, but could cluster evaluation results into semantically meaningful subsets of behaviours. The envisaged system will comprise an internal logic-based representation which enables it to comment each individual subset, giving natural language explanations of why the system has created the subset in question.This work was supported by projects: 'Integration of robust perception, learning, and navigation systems in mobile robotics' (J-0929), 'CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 Multimodal interaction in pattern recognition and computer vision' (V-00069).This work is supported by EC grants IST-027110 for the HERMES project and IST-045547 for the VIDI-video project, and by the Spanish MEC under projects TIN2006-14606, DPI-2004-5414 and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (CSD2007-00018). Jordi Gonzàlez also acknowledges the support of a Juan de la Cierva Postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish MEC.Peer Reviewe