pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Borel-Smith functions and the Dade Group

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We show that there is an exact sequence of biset functors over p-groups0 → Cb over(→, j) B* over(→, Ψ) DΩ → 0 where Cb is the biset functor for the group of Borel-Smith functions, B* is the dual of the Burnside ring functor, DΩ is the functor for the subgroup of the Dade group generated by relative syzygies, and the natural transformation Ψ is the transformation recently introduced by the first author in [S. Bouc, A remark on the Dade group and the Burnside group, J. Algebra 279 (2004) 180-190]. We also show that the kernel of mod 2 reduction of Ψ is naturally equivalent to the functor B× of units of the Burnside ring and obtain exact sequences involving the torsion part of DΩ, mod 2 reduction of Cb, and B×. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserve
No scale N=4 supergravity coupled to Yang-Mills: the scalar potential and super-Higgs effect

We derive the scalar potential of the effective theory of type 1113 orientifold with 3-form fluxes turned on in presence of nonAbelian brane coordinates. N = 4 supergravity predicts a positive semidefinite potential with vanishing cosmological constant in the vacuum of commuting coordinates, with a classical moduli space given by three radial moduli and three RR scalars which complete three copies of the coset (U(I, I + n)/ U(I) circle times U(I + n)), together with 6n D3-branes coordinates, n being the rank of the gauge group G. Implications for the super-Higgs mechanism are also discusse
ATLAS search for new phenomena in dijet mass and angular distributions using pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

Mass and angular distributions of dijets produced in LHC proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy root s = 7TeV have been studied with the ATLAS detector using the full 2011 data set with an integrated luminosity of 4.8 fb(-1). Dijet masses up to similar to 4.0TeV have been probed. No resonance-like features have been observed in the dijet mass spectrum, and all angular distributions are consistent with the predictions of QCD. Exclusion limits on six hypotheses of new phenomena have been set at 95% CL in terms of mass or energy scale, as appropriate. These hypotheses include excited quarks below 2.83 TeV, colour octet scalars below 1.86TeV, heavy W bosons below 1.68 TeV, string resonances below 3.61 TeV, quantum black holes with six extra space-time dimensions for quantum gravity scales below 4.11 TeV, and quark contact interactions below a compositeness scale of 7.6 TeV in a destructive interference scenario
Microwave-Assisted, Mild, Facile, and Rapid one-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of some Novel Pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-Triones

Novel pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-triones were synthesized in 90–97% yield via a three-component reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, Meldrums acid, and barbituric acid in the presence of 10 mol % K2CO3 under microwave irradiation. This is the first protocol to be reported for the synthesis of title compounds and the significant features of the present protocol are simplicity, high yields, short reaction time, involvement of aqueous work-up procedure, environmentally benign nature, and no chromatographic purification
Elastic and anelastic relaxation behaviour of perovskite multiferroics II : PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 (PZT)–PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 (PFT)

The present work was supported by Grant No. EP/I036079/1 from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.Elastic and anelastic properties of ceramic samples of multiferroic perovskites with nominal compositions across the binary join PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 (PZT–PFT) have been assembled to create a binary phase diagram and to address the role of strain relaxation associated with their phase transitions. Structural relationships are similar to those observed previously for PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 (PZT–PFN), but the magnitude of the tetragonal shear strain associated with the ferroelectric order parameter appears to be much smaller. This leads to relaxor character for the development of ferroelectric properties in the end member PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3. As for PZT–PFN, there appear to be two discrete instabilities rather than simply a reorientation of the electric dipole in the transition sequence cubic–tetragonal–monoclinic, and the second transition has characteristics typical of an improper ferroelastic. At intermediate compositions, the ferroelastic microstructure has strain heterogeneities on a mesoscopic length scale and, probably, also on a microscopic scale. This results in a wide anelastic freezing interval for strain-related defects rather than the freezing of discrete twin walls that would occur in a conventional ferroelastic material. In PFT, however, the acoustic loss behaviour more nearly resembles that due to freezing of conventional ferroelastic twin walls. Precursor softening of the shear modulus in both PFT and PFN does not fit with a Vogel–Fulcher description, but in PFT there is a temperature interval where the softening conforms to a power law suggestive of the role of fluctuations of the order parameter with dispersion along one branch of the Brillouin zone. Magnetic ordering appears to be coupled only weakly with a volume strain and not with shear strain but, as with multiferroic PZT–PFN perovskites, takes place within crystals which have significant strain heterogeneities on different length scales.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Balancing competing policy demands: the case of sustainable public sector food procurement.

A focus on market-based green growth strategies to pursue sustainability goals neglects the pursuit of understanding how human health is interwoven with the health of eco-systems to deliver sustainability goals. The article argues that clarifying the difference between green and sustainable public sector food procurement, with political continuity that supports and enables policymakers and practitioners to take an incremental approach to change, makes an important contribution to delivering more sustainable food systems and better public health nutrition. Five European case studies demonstrate the reality of devising and implementing innovative approaches to sustainable public sector food procurement and the effects of cultural and political framings. How legislation is enacted at the national level and interpreted at the local level is a key driver for sustainable procurement. Transition is dependent on political will and leadership and an infrastructure that can balance the economic, environmental and social drivers to effect change. The development of systems and indicators to measure change, reforms to EU directives on procurement, and the relationship between green growth strategies and sustainable diets are also discussed. The findings show the need to explore how consistent definitions for green public procurement and sustainable public procurement can be refined and standardized in order to support governments at all levels in reviewing and analyzing their current food procurement strategies and practices to improve sustainability
Asymptotic behaviour of the stochastic Lotka-Volterra model

This paper examines the asymptotic behaviour of the stochastic extension of a fundamentally important population process, namely the Lotka-Volterra model. The stochastic version of this process appears to have far more intriguing properties than its deterministic counterpart. Indeed, the fact that a potential deterministic population explosion can be prevented by the presence of even a tiny amount of environmental noise shows the high level of difference which exists between these two representations
SPT-CL J0546-5345: A MASSIVE z >1 GALAXY CLUSTER SELECTED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT WITH THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

We report the spectroscopic confirmation of SPT-CL J0546-5345 at 〈z〉 = 1.067. To date this is the most distant cluster to be spectroscopically confirmed from the 2008 South Pole Telescope (SPT) catalog, and indeed the first z>1 cluster discovered by the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Effect (SZE). We identify 21 secure spectroscopic members within 0.9 Mpc of the SPT cluster position, 18 of which are quiescent, early-type galaxies. From these quiescent galaxies we obtain a velocity dispersion of 1179[superscript +232 subscript −167]  km s[superscript −1], ranking SPT-CL J0546-5345 as the most dynamically massive cluster yet discovered at z>1. Assuming that SPT-CL J0546-5345 is virialized, this implies a dynamical mass of M[subscript 200] = 1.0[superscript +0.6 subscript −0.4] × 10[superscript 15] M[subscript ☉], in agreement with the X-ray and SZE mass measurements. Combining masses from several independent measures leads to a best-estimate mass of M[subscript 200] = (7.95 ± 0.92) × 10[superscript 14] M[subscript ☉]. The spectroscopic confirmation of SPT-CL J0546-5345, discovered in the wide-angle, mass-selected SPT cluster survey, marks the onset of the high-redshift SZE-selected galaxy cluster era.United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.))Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Chandra X-ray Observatory (U.S.) Contract SV4-74018, A31)W. M. Keck Foundatio
Analysis of events with b -jets and a pair of leptons of the same charge in pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV with the ATLAS detector

An analysis is presented of events containing jets including at least one b -tagged jet, sizeable missing transverse momentum, and at least two leptons including a pair of the same electric charge, with the scalar sum of the jet and lepton transverse momenta being large. A data sample with an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹ of pp  collisions at √s=8  TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used. Standard Model processes rarely produce these final states, but there are several models of physics beyond the Standard Model that predict an enhanced rate of production of such events; the ones considered here are production of vector-like quarks, enhanced four-top-quark production, pair production of chiral b ′ -quarks, and production of two positively charged top quarks. Eleven signal regions are defined; subsets of these regions are combined when searching for each class of models. In the three signal regions primarily sensitive to positively charged top quark pair production, the data yield is consistent with the background expectation. There are more data events than expected from background in the set of eight signal regions defined for searching for vector-like quarks and chiral b ′ -quarks, but the significance of the discrepancy is less than two standard deviations. The discrepancy reaches 2.5 standard deviations in the set of five signal regions defined for searching for four-top-quark production. The results are used to set 95% CL limits on various models
Dynamic similarity of brain activity in humans: from single areas to functional networks

What makes us similar and different? The intriguing problem has been studied throughout the centuries by philosophers and scientists and affects the way we live our lives in relationship to the people around us. The brain can process the external world in a similar way across people and even across animal species, but the boundary between similar/different is a dynamic one that changes in space – "where" in the brain we are similar – and in time – "when" brain activity is similar between us. It has been possible to show how localized brain regions show varying levels of intersubject similarity during controlled and naturalistic experiments using functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, the temporal dimension – "when" brain activity is similar between two brains – has remained poorly explored. Furthermore, the brain is a network and the concept of network-level intersubject similarity poses novel challenges especially when considering inter-individual differences both between and within healthy and clinical populations. Here we studied how intersubject similarity of brain activity is modulated in time due to the content of the stimuli or to the psychological perspective that subjects take. These novel problems led to the development of new methods to quantify instantaneous similarity between brains. In addition, moving emphasis from local neuronal activity to distributed network activity, we addressed the challenge of defining the similarity between brain subnetworks to identify their intersubject similarity in relation to behavioural measures. In the first study we used videoclips to induce strong emotions during fMRI scanning and computed how time-varying intersubject correlation of brain activity was modulated by the emotional experience. Feeling similar emotions makes the brains tick in sync. In the second study we introduced novel measures for instantaneous brain similarity for local activity and for dynamic functional connectivity. In the third study we considered how taking different psychological perspectives is reflected in brain activity. Finally, in the fourth study we isolated functional brain networks of high functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls while watching a feature film, and proposed a method to correlate the autism quotient and the configuration of brain subnetworks. The work presented here reflects recent developments in human non-invasive neuroscience, by stressing the importance of the temporal dimension from local activity dynamics to time-varying networks and the individuality of each brain in relationship to others. Mutual understanding and similarity of behaviour between individuals might be related to similarity of brain function and structure. Although the causality of such relationships might be difficult to disentangle, the current work proposes tools to quantify them
Monopole operators and Hilbert series of Coulomb branches of 3d N = 4 gauge theories.

This paper addresses a long standing problem - to identify the chiral ring and moduli space (i.e. as an algebraic variety) on the Coulomb branch of an  NN  = 4 superconformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions. Previous techniques involved a computation of the metric on the moduli space and/or mirror symmetry. These methods are limited to sufficiently small moduli spaces, with enough symmetry, or to Higgs branches of sufficiently small gauge theories. We introduce a simple formula for the Hilbert series of the Coulomb branch, which applies to any good or ugly three-dimensional  NN  = 4 gauge theory. The formula counts monopole operators which are dressed by classical operators, the Casimir invariants of the residual gauge group that is left unbroken by the magnetic flux. We apply our formula to several classes of gauge theories. Along the way we make various tests of mirror symmetry, successfully comparing the Hilbert series of the Coulomb branch with the Hilbert series of the Higgs branch of the mirror theory
Exploring anomalous HZγ couplings in γ-proton collisions at the LHC

AbstractThe HZγ coupling, which is highly sensitive to the new physics beyond the standard model, is studied through the process pp→pγp→pHX at the LHC. To this purpose, an effective Lagrangian, in a model independent approach, with dimension six operators is considered in this paper. New interaction terms regarding beyond the standard model physics include the Higgs boson anomalous vertices in both CP-even and CP-odd structures. A detailed numerical analysis is performed to scrutinize the accurate constraints on the effective HZγ couplings and to discuss how far the corresponding bounds can be improved. This is achieved by testing all the efficient Higgs decay channels and increasing the integrated luminosity at three different forward detector acceptance regions. The numerical results propose that the Higgs photoproduction at the LHC, as a complementary channel, has a great potential of exploring the HZγ couplings
Applying the imprecise Dirichlet model in cases with partial observations and dependencies in failure data

AbstractImprecise probabilistic methods in reliability provide exciting opportunities for dealing with partial observations and incomplete knowledge on dependencies in failure data. In this paper, we explore the use of the imprecise Dirichlet model for dealing with such information, and we derive both exact results and bounds which enable analytical investigations. However, we only consider a very basic two-component system, as analytical solutions for larger systems will become very complex. We explain how the results are related to similar analyses under data selection or reporting bias, and we discuss some challenges for future research
Increased Blood Levels of IgG Reactive with Secreted Streptococcus pyogenes Proteins in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

A pathogenic role for Streptococcus (S) pyogenes infections in chronic plaque psoriasis is suspected but poorly defined. We separated cellular and supernatant proteins from S pyogenes cultures by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and used immunoblotting to demonstrate the diversity of serum or plasma IgGs that react with elements of the proteome of this bacterium. We have shown that a substantial proportion of IgG-reactive proteins from cultured S pyogenes are secreted. The total secreted protein fraction, including diverse IgG-binding elements, was subsequently used in an ELISA to measure blood titers of reactive IgG. This ELISA showed that blood samples from patients with chronic plaque psoriasis contained significantly higher titers of reactive IgG than samples from age- and sex-matched healthy controls (P=0.0009). In contrast, neither a standard assay measuring antistreptolysin O titers nor ELISAs measuring titers of IgG reactive with protein fractions from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were able to distinguish between blood samples from the two groups. These findings justify the hypothesis that S pyogenes infections are more important in the pathogenesis of chronic plaque psoriasis than has previously been recognized, and indicate the need for further controlled therapeutic trials of antibacterial measures in this common skin disease
Quantum coherence, top transverse polarisation and the Tevatron asymmetry AFBℓ

AbstractWe revisit the relation between the asymmetries AFB and AFBℓ in tt¯ production at the Tevatron, using as new physics benchmark a colour octet. We find that AFBℓ receives large contributions from the interference between λ=±1/2 top helicity states, which has been ignored in some of the previous literature on the subject. The omission of these contributions results in a severe underestimation of the asymmetry, around 1/2 and 1/50 of the true value for right-handed and left-handed top couplings to the octet, respectively. Interference effects are closely related to a sizeable transverse top polarisation, as yet not considered in this context
Cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and treatment for chronic hepatitis B in The Gambia: an economic modelling analysis

SummaryBackgroundDespite the high burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in sub-Saharan Africa, absence of widespread screening and poor access to treatment leads to most people remaining undiagnosed until later stages of disease when prognosis is poor and treatment options are limited. We examined the cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and early treatment with antiviral therapy for HBV in The Gambia.MethodsIn this economic evaluation, we combined a decision tree with a Markov state transition model to compare a screen and treat intervention consisting of adult community-based screening using a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rapid test and subsequent HBV antiviral therapy versus current practice, in which there is an absence of publicly provided screening or treatment for HBV. We used data from the PROLIFICA study to parameterise epidemiological, primary screening, and cost information, and other model parameter inputs were obtained from a literature search. Outcome measures were cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted; cost per life-year saved; and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) between current practice and the screen and treat intervention. Costs were assessed from a health provider perspective. Costs (expressed in 2013 US$) and health outcomes were discounted at 3% per year.FindingsIn The Gambia, where the prevalence of HBsAg is 8·8% in people older than 30 years, adult screening and treatment for HBV has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $540 per DALY averted, $645 per life-year saved, and $511 per QALY gained, compared with current practice. These ICERs are in line with willingness-to-pay levels of one times the country's gross domestic product per capita ($487) per DALY averted, and remain robust over a wide range of epidemiological and cost parameter inputs.InterpretationAdult community-based screening and treatment for HBV in The Gambia is likely to be a cost-effective intervention. Higher cost-effectiveness might be achievable with targeted facility-based screening, price reductions of drugs and diagnostics, and integration of HBV screening with other public health interventions.FundingEuropean Commission
Rating health and stability of engineering structures via classification indexes of InSAR Persistent Scatterers

AbstractWe propose a novel set of indexes to classify the information content of Persistent Scatterers (PS) and rate the health of engineering structures at urban to local scale. PS are automatically sampled and grouped via ‘control areas’ coinciding with the building and its surrounding environment. Density over the ‘control areas’ and velocity of PS are converted respectively into: Completeness of Information Index (Ici) that reflects the PS coverage grade; and Conservation Criticality Indexes (Icc) which rate the health condition of the monument separately for the object and surrounding control areas. The deformation pattern over the structure is classified as isolated (i) or diffused (d) based on the Velocity Distribution Index (Ivd). Both Ici and Icc are rated from A to E classes using a colour-coded system that intentionally emulates an energy-efficiency scale, to encourage the exploitation of PS by stakeholders and end-users in the practise of engineering surveying. Workability and reliability of the classification indexes are demonstrated over the urban heritage of Florence, Italy, using well established ERS-1/2 (1992–2000) descending, ENVISAT (2003–2010) ascending and descending PS datasets. The indexes are designed in perspective of handling outputs from InSAR processing of higher-resolution time series
d=4+1 gravitating non-Abelian solutions with bi-azimuthal symmetry

AbstractWe construct static, asymptotically flat solutions of SU(2) Einstein–Yang–Mills theory in 4+1 dimensions, subject to bi-azimuthal symmetry. Both particle-like and black hole solutions are considered for two different sets of boundary conditions in the Yang–Mills sector, corresponding to multi-solitons and soliton–antisoliton pairs. For gravitating multi-soliton solutions, we find that their mass per unit charge is lower than the mass of the corresponding unit charge, spherically symmetric soliton