pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Exposure assessment to Salmonella by consumption of informally marketed milk and Gouda cheese in Musaner town, Rwanda

This study assesses the exposure to Salmonella by consumption of boiled milk and Gouda cheese in Musanze town, Rwanda. A consumer survey (n = 90) revealed that among milk buyers in milk shops, 40.0% were also buying boiled milk for their families resulting in consumption by 136 consumers, mainly adults aging between 19-29 years (32.3%). Among those interviewed consumers in households, 66.7% were re-boiling the milk and 33.3% were storing it refrigerated before consumption. Gouda cheese is usually sold in supermarkets belonging to the formal market. A cheese portion with a weight of 62.5 g is mainly consumed (80.0 %, n=370), and the weekly consumption frequency is most in practice (38.1%). A probabilistic exposure model was built up by taking into account prevalence data of Salmonella contamination in boiled milk and Gouda cheese in Rwanda, assumed concentration data of Salmonella, information of the milk chain gathered by observation, and collected consumption data and consumer behavior information. Finally, the risk of infection per day and per year were calculated for different categories of consumers. It appears that even though Salmonella is eliminated by milk boiling, the risk of infection still persists due to post-contamination in the milk shops (8.4% of consumers infected per year), but is decreased by additional boiling in households to 4.9% (children) and 4.6% (adults) per year. For cheese consumption, the risk of infection was lowered by multiple food safety interventions for cheese producers such as trainings on food hygiene and provision of modern equipments improving thus the situation from before to after 2012 by 30.0%% per year in case of adults. Those calculations demonstrate clearly that the additional efforts to reduce the occurrence of Salmonella in the Rwandan dairy chain will benefit the Rwandan population and decrease the burden of food borne disease
Carbon inputs from Miscanthus displace older soil organic carbon without inducing priming

The carbon (C) dynamics of a bioenergy system are key to correctly defining its viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy sources. Recent studies have quantified the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of these bioenergy crops, often concluding that C sequestration in soils plays a primary role in offsetting emissions through energy generation. Miscanthus is a particularly promising bioenergy crop and research has shown that soil C stocks can increase by more than 2 t C ha−1 yr−1. In this study, we use a stable isotope (13C) technique to trace the inputs and outputs from soils below a commercial Miscanthus plantation in Lincolnshire, UK, over the first 7 years of growth after conversion from a conventional arable crop. Results suggest that an unchanging total topsoil (0–30 cm) C stock is caused by Miscanthus additions displacing older soil organic matter. Further, using a comparison between bare soil plots (no new Miscanthus inputs) and undisturbed Miscanthus controls, soil respiration was seen to be unaffected through priming by fresh inputs or rhizosphere. The temperature sensitivity of old soil C was also seen to be very similar with and without the presence of live root biomass. Total soil respiration from control plots was dominated by Miscanthus-derived emissions with autotrophic respiration alone accounting for ∼50 % of CO2. Although total soil C stocks did not change significantly over time, the Miscanthus-derived soil C accumulated at a rate of 860 kg C ha−1 yr−1 over the top 30 cm. Ultimately, the results from this study indicate that soil C stocks below Miscanthus plantations do not necessarily increase during the first 7 years
Resonant absorption of transverse oscillations and associated heating in a solar prominence. I. Observational aspects

Transverse magnetohydrodynamic waves have been shown to be ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere and can, in principle, carry sufficient energy to generate and maintain the Sun's million-degree outer atmosphere or corona. However, direct evidence of the dissipation process of these waves and subsequent heating has not yet been directly observed. Here we report on high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution observations of a solar prominence that show a compelling signature of so-called resonant absorption, a long hypothesized mechanism to efficiently convert and dissipate transverse wave energy into heat. Aside from coherence in the transverse direction, our observations show telltale phase differences around 180° between transverse motions in the plane-of-sky and line-of-sight velocities of the oscillating fine structures or threads, and also suggest significant heating from chromospheric to higher temperatures. Comparison with advanced numerical simulations support a scenario in which transverse oscillations trigger a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) at the boundaries of oscillating threads via resonant absorption. This instability leads to numerous thin current sheets in which wave energy is dissipated and plasma is heated. Our results provide direct evidence for wave-related heating in action, one of the candidate coronal heating mechanisms.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
The impacts of climate change across the globe : A multi-sectoral assessment

Acknowledgments The research presented in this paper was conducted under the QUEST-GSI project, funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) as part of the QUEST programme (grant number NE/E001882/1). PS is a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder. We acknowledge the international modelling groups for providing climate change and sea level data for analysis, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for collecting and archiving the model data, the JSC/CLIVAR Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) and their Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) and Climate Simulation Panel for organising the model data analysis activity. The IPCC Data Archive at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is supported by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy. We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Boolean Witt vectors and an integral Edrei–Thoma theorem

A subtraction-free definition of the big Witt vector construction was recently given by the first author. This allows one to define the big Witt vectors of any semiring. Here we give an explicit combinatorial description of the big Witt vectors of the Boolean semiring. We do the same for two variants of the big Witt vector construction: the Schur Witt vectors and the p-typical Witt vectors. We use this to give an explicit description of the Schur Witt vectors of the natural numbers, which can be viewed as the classification of totally positive power series with integral coefficients, first obtained by Davydov. We also determine the cardinalities of some Witt vector algebras with entries in various concrete arithmetic semirings
Combined search for anomalous pseudoscalar HVV couplings in VH(H → $b\overline{b}$) production and H → VV decay

A search for anomalous pseudoscalar couplings of the Higgs boson H to electroweak vector bosons V ( =W or Z) in a sample of proton–proton collision events corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 18.9 fb$^{−1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is presented. Events consistent with the topology of associated VH production, where the Higgs boson decays to a pair of bottom quarks and the vector boson decays leptonically, are analyzed. The consistency of data with a potential pseudoscalar contribution to the HVV interaction, expressed by the effective pseudoscalar cross section fractions $f_{a_{3}}$, is assessed by means of profile likelihood scans. Results are given for the VH channels alone and for a combined analysis of the VH and previously published H→VV channels. Under certain assumptions, $f_{a_{3}}^{ZZ}$>0.0034 is excluded at 95% confidence level in the combination. Scenarios in which these assumptions are relaxed are also considered
The Blocking Lemma for a many-to-one maching model

We are grateful to Flip Klijn, Howard Petith, William Thomson, an associate editor, and two referees for very helpful comments. The work of R. Martínez, A. Neme and J. Oviedo is partially supported by the Universidad Nacional de San Luis, through grant 319502, and by the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET, through grant PIP 112-200801-00655. Support for the research of J. Massó was received through the prize "ICREA Acadèmia" for excellence in research, funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. He also acknowledges the support of MOVE, where he is an affiliated researcher, and of the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics (through its Research Recognition Programme), where he is an affiliated professor. His work is also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, through grants ECO2008-04756 (Grupo Consolidado-C) and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010 (CDS2006-00016), and by the Generalitat de Catalunya, through grant SGR2009-419. All authors acknowledge financial support from an AECI grant from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The Blocking Lemma identifies a particular blocking pair for each non-stable and individually rational matching that is preferred by some agents of one side of the market to their optimal stable matching. Its interest lies in the fact that it has been an instrumental result to prove key results on matching. For instance, the fact that in the college admissions problem the workers-optimal stable mechanism is group strategy-proof for the workers and the strong stability theorem in the marriage model follow directly from the Blocking Lemma. However, it is known that the Blocking Lemma and its consequences do not hold in the general many-to-one matching model in which firms have substitutable preference relations. We show that the Blocking Lemma holds for the many-to-one matching model in which firms’ preference relations are, in addition to substitutable, quota q-separable. We also show that the Blocking Lemma holds on a subset of substitutable preference profiles if and only if the workers-optimal stable mechanism is group strategy-proof for the workers on this subset of profile
North African hybrid sparrows (Passer domesticus, P. hispaniolensis) back from oblivion – ecological segregation and asymmetric mitochondrial introgression between parental species

A stabilized hybrid form of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and the Spanish sparrow (P. hispaniolensis) is known as Passer italiae from the Italian Peninsula and a few Mediterranean islands. The growing attention for the Italian hybrid sparrow and increasing knowledge on its biology and genetic constitution greatly contrast the complete lack of knowledge of the long-known phenotypical hybrid sparrow populations from North Africa. Our study provides new data on the breeding biology and variation of mitochondrial DNA in three Algerian populations of house sparrows, Spanish sparrows, and phenotypical hybrids. In two field seasons, the two species occupied different breeding habitats: Spanish sparrows were only found in rural areas outside the cities and bred in open-cup nests built in large jujube bushes. In contrast, house sparrows bred only in the town centers and occupied nesting holes in walls of buildings. Phenotypical hybrids were always associated with house sparrow populations. House sparrows and phenotypical hybrids started breeding mid of March, and most pairs had three successive clutches, whereas Spanish sparrows started breeding almost one month later and had only two successive clutches. Mitochondrial introgression is strongly asymmetric because about 75% of the rural Spanish sparrow population carried house sparrow haplotypes. In contrast, populations of the Italian hybrid form, P. italiae, were genetically least diverse among all study populations and showed a near-fixation of house sparrow haplotypes that elsewhere were extremely rare or that were even unique for the Italian Peninsula. Such differences between mitochondrial gene pools of Italian and North African hybrid sparrow populations provide first evidence that different demographic histories have shaped the extant genetic diversity observed on both continents
Pathfinding of Corticothalamic Axons Relies on a Rendezvous with Thalamic Projections

SummaryMajor outputs of the neocortex are conveyed by corticothalamic axons (CTAs), which form reciprocal connections with thalamocortical axons, and corticosubcerebral axons (CSAs) headed to more caudal parts of the nervous system. Previous findings establish that transcriptional programs define cortical neuron identity and suggest that CTAs and thalamic axons may guide each other, but the mechanisms governing CTA versus CSA pathfinding remain elusive. Here, we show that thalamocortical axons are required to guide pioneer CTAs away from a default CSA-like trajectory. This process relies on a hold in the progression of cortical axons, or waiting period, during which thalamic projections navigate toward cortical axons. At the molecular level, Sema3E/PlexinD1 signaling in pioneer cortical neurons mediates a “waiting signal” required to orchestrate the mandatory meeting with reciprocal thalamic axons. Our study reveals that temporal control of axonal progression contributes to spatial pathfinding of cortical projections and opens perspectives on brain wiring
An experimental investigation of biodiesel steam reforming

AbstractRecently, liquid biofuels have attracted increasing attention as renewable feedstock for hydrogen production in the transport sector. Since the lack of hydrogen infrastructure and distribution poses an obstacle for the introduction of fuel cell vehicles to the market, it is reasonable to consider using liquid biofuels for on-board or on-site hydrogen generation. Biodiesel offers the advantage of being an environmentally friendly resource while also having high gravimetric and volumetric energy density.The present study constitutes an experimental investigation of biodiesel steam reforming, the main emphasis of which is placed on finding optimum operating conditions in order to avoid catalyst deactivation. Temperature was varied from 600 °C to 800 °C, pressure from 1 bar to 5 bar and the molar steam-to-carbon ratio from 3 to 5. Based on the experimental results, coke formation and sintering are identified as the main deactivation mechanisms. Initiation of catalyst deactivation primarily depends on catalyst inlet temperature and feed mass flow per open area of catalyst. By using a metallic based precious metal catalyst, applying low feed flow rates (31 g/h∙cm2) and a sufficiently high catalyst inlet temperature (>750 °C) coking can be minimized, thus avoiding catalyst deactivation. A stable product gas composition close to chemical equilibrium has been achieved over 100 h with a biodiesel conversion rate of 99%
Effect of methods and time of poultry manure application on soil and leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and fruit yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

AbstractIn order to obtain maximum economic value of plant nutrients in poultry manure and increase in tomato yield, field experiments were conducted at Owo, southwest Nigeria, during 2012 and 2013 early cropping seasons to study the effect of two methods (broadcasting on the soil surface and the incorporated) and four times (3weeks before transplanting (3 WBTP), 0week at transplanting (0 WATP), 3weeks after transplanting (3 WATP), and 6weeks after transplanting (6 WATP) of poultry manure (PM)) applications on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and yield of tomato. The eight treatments were factorially arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Results showed that PM incorporated into the soil produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9tha−1) of tomato compared with broadcast method. Also PM applied at 3 WBTP had higher leaf nutrient concentrations and better growth and yield of tomato compared with 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6 WATP. The higher yield of 3 WBTP was adduced to better synchrony between crop demand and nutrient supply. Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by 4.0, 2.8 and 1.5tha−1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively. This yield difference can be economical on large scale tomato production. Therefore application of PM at 3 WBTP with incorporated method is recommended for tomato cultivation in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria
Moment analysis of hadronic vacuum polarization Proposal for a lattice QCD evaluation of gμ−2

AbstractI suggest a new approach to the determination of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon aμHVP in lattice QCD. It is based on properties of the Mellin transform of the hadronic spectral function and their relation to the HVP self-energy in the Euclidean. I show how aμHVP is very well approximated by a few moments associated to this Mellin transform and how these moments can be evaluated in lattice QCD, providing thus a series of tests when compared with the corresponding determinations using experimental data
On modeling the response of the synovial fluid: Unsteady flow of a shear-thinning, chemically-reacting fluid mixture

AbstractWe study the flow of a shear-thinning, chemically-reacting fluid that could be used to model the flow of the synovial fluid. The actual geometry where the flow of the synovial fluid takes place is very complicated, and therefore the governing equations are not amenable to simple mathematical analysis. In order to understand the response of the model, we choose to study the flow in a simple geometry. While the flow domain is not a geometry relevant to the flow of the synovial fluid in the human body it yet provides a flow which can be used to assess the efficacy of different models that have been proposed to describe synovial fluids. We study the flow in the annular region between two cylinders, one of which is undergoing unsteady oscillations about their common axis, in order to understand the quintessential behavioral characteristics of the synovial fluid. We use the three models given in Hron et al. [J. Hron, J. Málek, P. Pustějovská, K.R. Rajagopal, On the modeling of the synovial fluid, Adv. in Tribol. 2010 (2010) 12 pages, doi:10.1155/2010/104957. Article ID 104957] to study the problem, by appealing to a semi-inverse method. The assumed structure for the velocity field automatically satisfies the constraint of incompressibility, and the balance of linear momentum is solved together with a convection-diffusion equation. The results are compared to those associated with the Newtonian model. We also study the case in which an external pressure gradient is applied along the axis of the cylindrical annulus
Non-strict independence-based program parallelization using sharing and freeness information

AbstractThe current ubiquity of multi-core processors has brought renewed interest in program parallelization. Logic programs allow studying the parallelization of programs with complex, dynamic data structures with (declarative) pointers in a comparatively simple semantic setting. In this context, automatic parallelizers which exploit and-parallelism rely on notions of independence in order to ensure certain efficiency properties. “Non-strict” independence is a more relaxed notion than the traditional notion of “strict” independence which still ensures the relevant efficiency properties and can allow considerable more parallelism. Non-strict independence cannot be determined solely at run-time (“a priori”) and thus global analysis is a requirement. However, extracting non-strict independence information from available analyses and domains is non-trivial. This paper provides on one hand an extended presentation of our classic techniques for compile-time detection of non-strict independence based on extracting information from (abstract interpretation-based) analyses using the now well understood and popular Sharing + Freeness domain. This includes algorithms for combined compile-time/run-time detection which involve special run-time checks for this type of parallelism. In addition, we propose herein novel annotation (parallelization) algorithms, URLP and CRLP, which are specially suited to non-strict independence. We also propose new ways of using the Sharing + Freeness information to optimize how the run-time environments of goals are kept apart during parallel execution. Finally, we also describe the implementation of these techniques in our parallelizing compiler and recall some early performance results. We provide as well an extended description of our pictorial representation of sharing and freeness information
Divergences in the quark number susceptibility: The origin and a cure

AbstractQuark number susceptibility on the lattice, obtained by merely adding a μN term with μ as the chemical potential and N as the conserved quark number, has a quadratic divergence in the cut-off a. We show that such a divergence already exists for free fermions with a cut-off regulator. While one can eliminate it in the free lattice theory by suitably modifying the action, as is popularly done, it can simply be subtracted off as well. Computations of higher order susceptibilities, needed for estimating the location of the QCD critical point, then need a lot fewer number of quark propagators at any order. We show that this method of divergence removal works in the interacting theory
Measurement of HNE-protein adducts in human plasma and serum by ELISA—Comparison of two primary antibodies

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications might play key roles in various diseases. These protein modifications can be caused by free radicals generated during oxidative stress or by their products generated during lipid peroxidation. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, has been recognized as important molecule in pathology as well as in physiology of living organisms. Therefore, its detection and quantification can be considered as valuable tool for evaluating various pathophysiological conditions.The HNE-protein adduct ELISA is a method to detect HNE bound to proteins, which is considered as the most likely form of HNE occurrence in living systems. Since the earlier described ELISA has been validated for cell lysates and the antibody used for detection of HNE-protein adducts is non-commercial, the aim of this work was to adapt the ELISA to a commercial antibody and to apply it in the analysis of human plasma samples.After modification and validation of the protocol for both antibodies, samples of two groups were analyzed: apparently healthy obese (n=62) and non-obese controls (n=15). Although the detected absolute values of HNE–protein adducts were different, depending on the antibody used, both ELISA methods showed significantly higher values of HNE–protein adducts in the obese group