pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Optokinetic behavior is reversed in achiasmatic mutant zebrafish larvae

AbstractThe vertebrate optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is a compensatory oculomotor behavior that is evoked by movement of the visual environment. It functions to stabilize visual images on the retina. The OKN can be experimentally evoked by rotating a drum fitted with stripes around the animal and has been studied extensively in many vertebrate species, including teleosts. This simple behavior has earlier been used to screen for mutations affecting visual system development in the vertebrate model organism zebrafish. In such a screen, we have found a significant number of homozygous belladonna (bel) mutant larvae to be defective in the correct execution of the OKN [1]. We now show that about 40% of homozygous bel larvae display a curious reversal of the OKN upon visual stimulation. Monocular stimulation leads to primary activation of ipsilateral eye movements in larvae that behave like the wild type. In contrast, affected larvae display contralateral activation of eye movements upon monocular stimulation. Anatomical analysis of retinal ganglion cell axon projections reveal a morphological basis for the observed behavioral defect. All animals with OKN reversal are achiasmatic. Further behavioral examination of affected larvae show that OKN-reversed animals execute this behavior in a stimulus-velocity-independent manner. Our data support a parsimonious model of optokinetic reversal by the opening of a controlling feedback loop at the level of the optic chiasm that is solely responsible for the observed behavioral abnormality in mutant belladonna larvae
Pesticides and bees: ecological-economic modelling of bee populations on farmland

Production of insect-pollinated crops typically relies on both pesticide use and pollination, leading to a potential conflict between these two inputs. In this paper we combine ecological modelling with economic analysis to investigate the effects of pesticide use on wild and commercial bees, whilst allowing farmers to partly offset the negative effects of pesticides on bee populations by creating more on-farm bee habitat. Farmers have incentives to invest in creating wild bee habitat to increase pollination inputs. However, the optimal allocation of on-farm habitat strongly depends on the negative effects of pesticides, with a threshold-like behaviour at a critical level of the impairment. When this threshold is crossed, the population of wild bees becomes locally extinct and their availability to pollinate breaks down. We also show that availability of commercial bees masks the decrease in pollination services which would otherwise incentivise farmers to conserve the wild pollinator population, therefore indirectly leading to local wild bee extinction. The paper demonstrat es the importance of combining ecological modelling with economics to study sustainability in the provision of ecosystem services in agro-ecosystems
A Large Scale, Low Frequency Murchison Widefield Array Survey of Galactic HII regions between 260\340

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA), Vol. 33, e020, 17 pages (2016). ?? Astronomical Society of Australia 2016; published by Cambridge University Press. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-sa/3.0/. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use. doi:10.1017/pasa.2016.19We have compiled a catalogue of HII regions detected with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) between 72 and 231MHz. The multiple frequency bands provided by the MWA allow us identify the characteristic spectrum generated by the thermal Bremsstrahlung process in HII regions. We detect 302 HII regions between 26
Scalar field quantum cosmology: a Schr\"{o}dinger picture

We study the classical and quantum models of a scalar field
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology with an eye to the issue of time
problem in quantum cosmology. We introduce a canonical transformation on the
scalar field sector of the action such that the momentum conjugate to the new
canonical variable appears linearly in the transformed Hamiltonian. Using this
canonical transformation, we show that, it may lead to the identification of a
time parameter for the corresponding dynamical system. In the cases of flat,
closed and open FRW universes the classical cosmological solutions are obtained
in terms of the introduced time parameter. Moreover, this formalism gives rise
to a Schr\"{o}dinger-Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the quantum-mechanical
description of the model under consideration, the eigenfunctions of which can
be used to construct the wave function of the universe. We use the resulting
wave functions in order to investigate the possible corrections to the
classical cosmologies due to quantum effects by means of the many-worlds and
ontological interpretation of quantum cosmology.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, minor changes. arXiv admin note: text overlap
  with arXiv:1104.1163, arXiv:1004.030
Searches for third-generation squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions a t√s=8 TeV

Searches for third-generation squarks in fully hadronic final states are presented using data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 19.4 or 19.7 fb−1, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. Three mutually exclusive searches are presented, each optimized for a different decay topology. They include a multijet search requiring one fully reconstructed top quark, a dijet search requiring one or two jets originating from b quarks, and a monojet search. No excesses above the standard model expectations are seen, and limits are set on top and bottom squark production in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry. © 2015, The Author(s).The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data
                collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety
                data

Maternal vaccination is an important area of research and
                requires appropriate and internationally comparable definitions
                and safety standards. The GAIA group, part of the Brighton
                Collaboration was created with the mandate of proposing
                standardised definitions applicable to maternal vaccine
                research. This study proposes international definitions for
                neonatal infections. The neonatal infections GAIA working group
                performed a literature review using Medline, EMBASE and the
                Cochrane collaboration and collected definitions in use in
                neonatal and public health networks. The common criteria derived
                from the extensive search formed the basis for a consensus
                process that resulted in three separate definitions for neonatal
                blood stream infections (BSI), meningitis and lower respiratory
                tract infections (LRTI). For each definition three levels of
                evidence are proposed to ensure the applicability of the
                definitions to different settings. Recommendations about data
                collection, analysis and presentation are presented and
                harmonized with the Brighton Collaboration and GAIA format and
                other existing international standards for study reporting
Multivariate normal approximation in geometric probability.

Consider a measure  = Px xx where the sum is over points x of a Poisson point\ud
process of intensity  on a bounded region in d-space, and x is a functional determined by\ud
the Poisson points near to x, i.e. satisfying an exponential stabilization condition, along\ud
with a moments condition (examples include statistics for proximity graphs, germ-grain\ud
models and random sequential deposition models). A known general result says the -\ud
measures (suitably scaled and centred) of disjoint sets in Rd are asymptotically independent\ud
normals as  ! 1; here we give an O
Time Varying Parameter and Fixed Parameter Linear AIDS: An Application to Tourism Demand Forecasting

<p>This study develops time varying parameter (TVP) linear almost ideal demand system (LAIDS) models in both long-run (LR) static and short-run error correction (EC) forms. The superiority of TVP-LAIDS models over the original static version and the fixed-parameter EC counterparts is examined in an empirical study of modelling and forecasting the demand for tourism in Western European destinations by UK residents. Both the long-run static and the short-run EC-LAIDS models are estimated using the Kalman filter algorithm. The evolution of demand elasticities over time is illustrated using the Kalman filter estimation results. The remarkably improved forecasting performance of the TVP-LAIDS relative to the fixed-parameter LAIDS is illustrated by a one-year- to four-years-ahead forecasting performance assessment. Both the unrestricted TVP-LR-LAIDS and TVP-EC-LAIDS outperform the fixed-parameter counterparts in the overall evaluation of demand level forecasts, and the TVP-EC-LAIDS is also ranked ahead of most other competitors when demand changes are concerned.</p
Clusters and Innovation: Beijing's Hi-technology Industry Cluster and Guangzhou's Automobile Industry Cluster

This paper proposes a flowchart approach to the automobile industry cluster policy and the hi-technology industry cluster policy to prioritize policy measures. First, in the automobile industry cluster, suppliers of parts and components to anchor firms such as Honda, Nissan and Toyota of Japanese assembly makers in Guangzhou, China, can innovate partly because the suppliers have become independent of their anchor firms in the Japanese Keiretsu system. Second, concerning the hi-technology industry clustering in Beijing, we show that the existence of universities is a precondition for the industrial cluster policy and that the leadership of the Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee of Beijing Municipality is crucial to the success of the industrial cluster policy. The flowchart for the hi-technology industry is different from the one for the automobile industry cluster
Investigating two configurations of a heat exchanger in an Indirect Heating Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heating System (IHICSSWHS)

Water heating makes up 14% of domestic energy usage. Due to the environmental impact of energy usage, consumers need to be encouraged to use renewable energy sources such as solar energy. The indirect heating integrated collector storage solar water heater system (IHISSWHS) is one of the most economical systems. The objective of this study was to investigate ways to enhance the performance of this system to encourage many households using it. Two configurations of the system were studied; 16.2 m long double row heat exchanger (HX) and 8.1m and 10.8 m long single row HX. Inside pipe diameters were 10.7mm and 17.1 mm; using two flow rates 500 L/h and 650 L/h. The steady state continuity, momentum and energy equations were numerically solved, using FLUENT software. A standard k-ω turbulent model and surface to surface radiation was used. The system with 10.8 m long single row HX provided higher outlet temperature than the system with 16.2 m double row. Therefore, a significant reduction in cost and power usage can be achieved by using a single row HX. For both flow rates investigated, the larger diameter pipe need about five folds less power to run, with very little sacrifice of outlet temperature.
Accurate Judgment by Dementia Patients of Neutral Faces with Respect to Trustworthiness and Valence

The present study investigates whether dementia patients can make accurate social and affective judgments of face stimuli. We used verbal material as a control condition to see whether dementia patients are capable of using the rating scales the same way as controls. We compared the trustworthiness, valence, and arousal ratings of dementia patients with those from a healthy control group. Participants rated pictures of young and old, female and male neutral faces and two fictitious biographies. The results indicate that dementia patients make accurate judgments of unfamiliar faces with respect to trustworthiness and valence. Results concerning arousal ratings suggest that the corresponding scale might be difficult to use for dementia patients and possibly for older participants as well
Role of ATP in mitochondrial protein import

The role of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) in the import of porin into the mitochondrial outer membrane was investigated with two forms of the porin precursor: the in vitro synthesized biosynthetic precursor (bs- porin) and a water-soluble form of porin (ws-porin) obtained by subjecting the membrane-derived porin to an acid-base treatment (exposure to trichloroacetic acid, followed by alkali and rapid neutralization). The import of ws-porin into mitochondria did not require NTPs, whereas the import of bs-porin required NTPs. In other characteristics, such as binding to a specific receptor protein on the mitochondrial surface, two-step insertion into the outer membrane, and formation of specific membrane channels, ws-porin was indistinguishable from bs-porin. Thus, the acid-base treatment applied in the preparation of ws-porin can substitute for the NTP-requiring step in mitochondrial protein import. We conclude that NTPs are required for unfolding mitochondrial precursor proteins ("translocation competent folding").
An unusual pi* shape resonance in the near-threshold photoionization of S(1) para-difluorobenzene

Previously reported dramatic changes in photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) as a function of photoelectron kinetic energy following the ionization of S1 p-difluorobenzene are shown to be explained by a shape resonance in the b(2g) symmetry continuum. The characteristics of this resonance are clearly demonstrated by a theoretical multiple-scattering treatment of the photoionization dynamics. New experimental data are presented which demonstrate an apparent insensitivity of the PADs to both vibrational motion and prepared molecular alignment, however, the calculations suggest that strong alignment effects may nevertheless be recognized in the detail of the comparison with experimental data. The apparent, but unexpected, indifference to vibrational excitation is rationalized by considering the nature of the resonance. The correlation of this shape resonance in the continuum with a virtual pi* antibonding orbital is considered. Because this orbital is characteristic of the benzene ring, the existence of similar resonances in related substituted benzenes is discussed.Bellm, SM: Davies, JA: Whiteside, PT; Guo, J: Powis, I; and Reid KL
Walking when intoxicated: An investigation of the factors which influence individuals’ drink walking intentions

Annually, in Australia, 10-15% of all road-related fatalities involve pedestrians. Of those pedestrians fatally injured, approximately 45% were walking while intoxicated or 'drink walking'. Drink walking is increasing in prevalence and younger persons may be especially prone to engage in this behaviour and, thus, are at heightened risk of being injured or killed. Presently, limited research is available regarding the factors which influence individuals to drink walk. This study explored young people's (17-25 years) intentions to drink walk, using an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Participants (N = 215), completed a self-report questionnaire which assessed the standard TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control) as well as the extended constructs of risk perception, anticipated regret, and past behaviour. It was hypothesised that the standard TPB constructs would significantly predict individuals' reported intentions to drink walk and that the additional constructs would predict intentions over and above the TPB constructs. The TPB variables significantly predicted 63.2% of the variance in individuals' reported intentions to drink walk, and the additional variables, combined, explained a further 6.1% of the variance. Of the additional constructs, anticipated regret and past behaviour, but not risk perception, were significant predictors of drink walking intentions. As one of the first studies to provide a theoretically-based investigation of factors influencing individuals' drink walking intentions, the current study's findings have potentially significant implications for understanding young people's decisions to drink walk and the design of future countermeasures to ultimately reduce this behaviour.Full Tex
Low carbon energy and international development : from research impact to policymaking.

Few areas of international development research have seen as much transformation over recent years as those relating to energy access and low carbon transitions. New policy initiatives, technological innovations and business models have radically transformed the configuration and dynamics of the sector, driven by the urgency of ongoing climate change. This article asks how, given these rapidly moving contexts, policymakers can engage with research at different scales to gather evidence needed for effective decision-making, particularly within the context of the frequently opposing aims of increasing energy access and climate change mitigation. The authors trace the general debates around how research impact is conceived within different constituencies, before exploring the relationship between policymakers, the academic community and other stakeholders within the specific context of energy and international development research. Drawing on cross-cutting lessons from thirteen research projects funded by UK research councils and government under the Understanding Sustainable Energy Solutions programme, they examine critically ways in which impact and engagement have been conceived by both researchers and research funders. They ask how those lessons can feed into the design of future initiatives to make low carbon transitions meaningful as pathways for inclusive development in communities in Africa and Asia
Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates produced in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates produced in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson in proton–proton collisions at √s=13 TeV is presented. This search uses 36.1fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. No significant deviation from the expectation of the Standard Model backgrounds is observed. Assuming the Standard Model ZH production cross-section, an observed (expected) upper limit of 67% (39%) at the 95% confidence level is set on the branching ratio of invisible decays of the Higgs boson with mass mH=125GeV. The corresponding limits on the production cross-section of the ZH process with the invisible Higgs boson decays are also presented. Furthermore, exclusion limits on the dark matter candidate and mediator masses are reported in the framework of simplified dark matter models
The four-loop remainder function and multi-Regge behavior at NNLLA in planar $ \mathcal{N} $ = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory.

We present the four-loop remainder function for six-gluon scattering with maximal helicity violation in planar   N  = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory, as an analytic function of three dual-conformal cross ratios. The function is constructed entirely from its analytic properties, without ever inspecting any multi-loop integrand. We employ the same approach used at three loops, writing an ansatz in terms of hexagon functions, and fixing coefficients in the ansatz using the multi-Regge limit and the operator product expansion in the near-collinear limit. We express the result in terms of multiple polylogarithms, and in terms of the coproduct for the associated Hopf algebra. From the remainder function, we extract the BFKL eigenvalue at next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy (NNLLA), and the impact factor at N3LLA. We plot the remainder function along various lines and on one surface, studying ratios of successive loop orders. As seen previously through three loops, these ratios are surprisingly constant over large regions in the space of cross ratios, and they are not far from the value expected at asymptotically large orders of perturbation theory
Spectroscopic characterisation of microlensing events: Towards a new interpretation of OGLE-2011-BLG-0417

The microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0417 is an exceptionally bright lens binary that was predicted to present radial velocity variation at the level of several km s-1. Pioneer radial velocity follow-up observations with the UVES spectrograph at the ESO−VLT of this system clearly ruled out the large radial velocity variation, leaving a discrepancy between the observation and the prediction. In this paper, we further characterise the microlensing system by analysing its spectral energy distribution (SED) derived using the UVES spectrum and new observations with the ARCoIRIS (CTIO) near-infrared spectrograph and the Keck adaptive optics instrument NIRC2 in the J, H, and Ks-bands. We determine the mass and distance of the stars independently from the microlensing modelling. We find that the SED is compatible with a giant star in the Galactic bulge and a foreground star with a mass of 0.94 ± 0.09 M⊙  at a distance of 1.07 ± 0.24 kpc. We find that this foreground star is likely the lens. Its parameters are not compatible with the ones previously reported in the literature (0.52 ± 0.04 M⊙ at 0.95 ± 0.06 kpc), based on the microlensing light curve. A thoughtful re-analysis of the microlensing event is mandatory to fully understand the reason of this new discrepancy. More importantly, this paper demonstrates that spectroscopic follow-up observations of microlensing events are possible and provide independent constraints on the parameters of the lens and source stars, hence breaking some degeneracies in the analysis. UV-to-NIR low-resolution spectrographs like X-shooter (ESO−VLT) could substantially contribute to this follow-up efforts, with magnitude limits above all microlensing events detected so far.Fil: Santerne, A.. Universidade do Porto; PortugalFil: Beaulieu, J. P.. Université Pierre & Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Rojas Ayala, B.. Universidad Andres Bello; ChileFil: Boisse, I.. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille; FranciaFil: Schlawin, E.. University Of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Almenara, J.-M.. Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble; FranciaFil: Batista, V.. Université Pierre & Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Bennett, D.. National Aeronautics And Space Administration. Goddart Institute For Space Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Diaz, Rodrigo Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciónes Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Figueira, P.. Universidade do Porto; PortugalFil: James, D. J.. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory; ChileFil: Herter, T.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Lillo Box, J.. European Southern Observatory; ChileFil: Marquette, J. B..  Université Pierre & Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Ranc, C..  Université Pierre & Marie Curi; FranciaFil: Santos, N. C.. Universidade do Porto; PortugalFil: Sousa, S. G.. Universidade do Porto; Portuga