pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Residual effects of natural Zn chelates on navy bean response, Zn leaching and soil status

greenhouse experiment was conducted on weakly acidic and calcareous soils to evaluate the aging and residual effects of three natural organic Zn chelates [Zn-ethylenediaminedisuccinate (Zn-EDDS), Zn-polyhydroxyphenylcarboxylate and Zn-aminelignosulfonate] each administered in a single application to a first navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop at several different Zn application rates. In a second navy bean crop, we determined the following parameters: the extent of Zn leaching, the amount of available Zn remaining in soils, the amount of easily leachable Zn, the size of Zn fractions in soils, the pH and redox potential, the dry matter yield, and the soluble and total Zn concentrations in plants. The residual effect after 2 years of Zn fertilization mainly depended on the aging effect of Zn chelates and losses due to Zn leaching. The data relating to the evolution from the first to the second crop showed that the aging effect was noticeable in the calcareous soil. In the latter soil, the Zn-S,S-EDDS treatments showed greater decreases in the Zn uptake by plants than the other Zn treatments and the greatest Zn uptake by plants occurred when Zn was applied as Zn-aminelignosulfonate (10 mg Zn kg−1 rate, 6.85 mg Zn per lysimeter; 5 mg Zn kg−1 rate, 3.36 mg Zn per lysimeter). In contrast, in the calcareous soil, the maximum amount of Zn uptake, for the three chelates was 0.82 mg Zn per lysimeter. Consequently, a further application of Zn would be needed to prevent Zn deficiencies in the plants of a subsequent crop. The behaviour of the pH and Eh parameters in the soils and leachates did not depend on the natural Zn sources applied. In this study, the easily leachable Zn estimated by BaCl2 extraction was not adequate to predict Zn leaching from the soils in subsequent crops
Nigrosine staining of wheat endosperm proteolipid patterns on starch gels

We have previously characterized a group of proteolipids from wheat endosperm, designated CM proteins, which are soluble in chloroformmethanol (2:1, v/v) and have a molecular weight lower than 25,000 daltons (1-3). These have been also studied by Redman and Ewart (4). The CM proteins are suitably fractionated into several components by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 3.2 (1). A sensitive staining procedure was required in connection with genetic studies of these proteins because phenotypes had to be ascertained in small endosperm fractions dissected without impairing normal germination and plant development. We report here on Nigrosine staining conditions for CM proteins under which high sensitivity and selectivity are achieve
A silviculture-oriented spatio-temporal model for germination in Pinus pinea L. in the Spanish Northern Plateau based on a\ud
direct seeding experiment

Natural regeneration in Pinus pinea stands\ud
commonly fails throughout the Spanish Northern Plateau\ud
under current intensive regeneration treatments. As a\ud
result, extensive direct seeding is commonly conducted to\ud
guarantee regeneration occurrence. In a period of rationalization\ud
of the resources devoted to forest management,\ud
this kind of techniques may become unaffordable. Given\ud
that the climatic and stand factors driving germination\ud
remain unknown, tools are required to understand the\ud
process and temper the use of direct seeding. In this study,\ud
the spatio-temporal pattern of germination of P. pinea was\ud
modelled with those purposes. The resulting findings will\ud
allow us to (1) determine the main ecological variables\ud
involved in germination in the species and (2) infer adequate\ud
silvicultural alternatives. The modelling approach\ud
focuses on covariates which are readily available to forest\ud
managers. A two-step nonlinear mixed model was fitted to\ud
predict germination occurrence and abundance in P. pinea\ud
under varying climatic, environmental and stand conditions,\ud
based on a germination data set covering a 5-year\ud
period. The results obtained reveal that the process is primarily\ud
driven by climate variables. Favourable conditions\ud
for germination commonly occur in fall although the\ud
optimum window is often narrow and may not occur at all\ud
in some years. At spatial level, it would appear that germination\ud
is facilitated by high stand densities, suggesting\ud
that current felling intensity should be reduced. In accordance\ud
with other studies on P. pinea dispersal, it seems that\ud
denser stands during the regeneration period will reduce\ud
the present dependence on direct seeding
Self-organized colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles for plasmon-enhanced intermediate-band solar cells

A colloidal deposition technique is presented to construct long-range ordered hybrid arrays of self-assembled quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. Quantum dots are promising for novel opto-electronic devices but, in most cases, their optical transitions of interest lack sufficient light absorption to provide a significant impact in their implementation. A potential solution is to couple the dots with localized plasmons in metal nanoparticles. The extreme confinement of light in the near-field produced by the nanoparticles can potentially boost the absorption in the quantum dots by up to two orders of magnitude. In this work, light extinction measurements are employed to probe the plasmon resonance of spherical gold nanoparticles in lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots and amorphous silicon thin-films. Mie theory computations are used to analyze the experimental results and determine the absorption enhancement that can be generated by the highly intense near-field produced in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticles at their surface plasmon resonance. The results presented here are of interest for the development of plasmon-enhanced colloidal nanostructured photovoltaic materials, such as colloidal quantum dot intermediate-band solar cells
Eigenvector centrality of nodes in multiplex networks

We extend the concept of eigenvector centrality to multiplex networks, and introduce several alternative parameters that quantify the importance of nodes in a multi-layered networked system, including the definition of vectorial-type centralities. In addition, we rigorously show that, under reasonable conditions, such centrality measures exist and are unique. Computer experiments and simulations demonstrate that the proposed measures provide substantially different results when applied to the same multiplex structure, and highlight the non-trivial relationships between the different measures of centrality introduced
CaH Rydberg Series, Oscillator Strengths and Photoionization Cross Sections from Molecular Quantum Defect and Dyson Orbital Theories

Producción CientíficaIn this work, electron-propagator methods are applied to the calculation of the ionization potential and vertical excitation energies for several Rydberg series of the CaH molecule. The present calculations cover more highly excited states than those previously reported. In particular, excitation energies for ns (n>5), np (n>5), nd (n>4) and nf Rydberg states are given. Oscillator strengths for electronic transitions involving Rydberg states of CaH, as well as photoionization cross sections for Rydberg channels, also have been determined by using the Molecular Quantum Defect Orbital approach. Good agreement has been found with the scarce comparative data that are available for oscillator strengths. To our knowledge, predictions of photoionization cross sections from the outermost orbital of CaH are made here for the first time. A Cooper minimum and mixed atomic orbital character in some of the Dyson orbitals are among the novel features of these present calculationsJunta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Global biomass trade for energy – Part 1: Statistical and methodological considerations

Many countries have limited, low-cost biomass resources to satisfy their own demand for bioenergy. International trade of biomass in various solid and liquid forms is consequently increasing. The aim of this study is to present a quantitative overview of the development of international biomass trade for energy purposes, including a discussion of methodological issues. The paper focuses on the production, export, and import of solid and liquid biofuels, including industrial roundwood, wood chips, fuel wood, wood pellets, biodiesel, and bioethanol. The study highlights changes in trends that have occurred over the past decade. Trade on global bioenergy markets is increasing: total trade of biomass for energy purposes is estimated as having increased twofold from around 780 PJ in 2004 to 1250 PJ in 2015. Despite the importance of the bioenergy market and the growth of biomass trade for energy, accurate evaluation of energy-related biomass trade faces several methodological challenges, such as uncertainties in international statistics, inconsistent data regarding export and import ­volumes, as well as limited information about the final use of traded products.Post-print / final draf
Retrocausality at no extra cost

One obstacle faced by proposals of retrocausal influences in quantum mechanics is the perceived high conceptual cost of making such a proposal. I assemble here a metaphysical picture consistent with the possibility of retrocausality and not precluded by the known physical structure of our reality. This picture employs two relatively well-established positions - the block universe model of time and the interventionist account of causation - and requires the dismantling of our ordinary asymmetric causal intuition and our ordinary intuition about epistemic access to the past. The picture is then built upon an existing model of agent deliberation that permits us to strike a harmony between our causal intuitions and the fixity of the block universe view. I conclude that given the right mix of these reasonable metaphysical and epistemological ingredients there is no conceptual cost to such a retrocausal picture of quantum mechanics
Decadal to multi-decadal scale variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall in the coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry climate model SOCOL-MPIOM

The present study is an effort to deepen the understanding of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) on decadal to multi-decadal timescales. We use ensemble simulations for the period AD 1600–2000 carried out by the coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Chemistry-Climate Model (AOCCM) SOCOL-MPIOM. Firstly, the SOCOL-MPIOM is evaluated using observational and reanalyses datasets. The model is able to realistically simulate the ISMR as well as relevant patterns of sea surface temperature and atmospheric circulation. Further, the influence of Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability on ISMR is realistically simulated. Secondly, we investigate the impact of internal climate variability and external climate forcings on ISMR on decadal to multi-decadal timescales over the past 400 years. The results show that AMO, PDO, and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) play a considerable role in controlling the wet and dry decades of ISMR. Resembling observational findings most of the dry decades of ISMR occur during a negative phase of AMO and a simultaneous positive phase of PDO. The observational and simulated datasets reveal that on decadal to multi-decadal timescales the ISMR has consistent negative correlation with PDO whereas its correlation with AMO and TSI is not stationary over time
Running-in wear modeling of honed surface for combustion engine cylinder liners

The texture change during running-in alters the performance and efficiency of a tribo-mechanical system. During mass production of cylinder liners, a final finishing stage known as ‘‘plateau honing’’ is commonly added to reduce the running-in wear process of the liner surface. The majority of researchers think that this operation improves the engine efficiency and decreases oil consumption. It was believed that there are close links between the surface topography of honed cylinders change and their wear resistance during running-in. However, these interactions have not yet been established. Some running-in wear models were developed in the open literature to predict topographical surface changes without considering the running-in conditions. The present paper thus investigates the various aspects of the wear modeling that caused running- in problems in honed surfaces and its implications on ring-pack friction performance. To illustrate this, plateau honing experiments under different conditions were first carried out on an instrumented vertical honing machine. The plateau honing experiments characterize the surface modifications during running-in wear of cast-iron engine bores using advanced characterization method. Based on the experimental evidence, a running-in wear model was developed. Finally, a numerical extension of the developed model was applied to solve the Reynolds equation by taking into account the real surface topographies of the engine bore. This enables us to predict realistic friction performance within the cylinder ring-pack tribosystem
Sensitivity analysis of flexible multibody systems using composite materials components

In this paper, a general formulation for the computation of the first-order analytical sensitivities based on the direct method using automatic differentiation of flexible multibody systems is presented. The direct method for sensitivity calculation is obtained by differentiating the equations that define the response of the flexible multibody systems of composite materials with respect to the design variables, which are the ply orientations of the laminated. In order to appraise the benefits of the approach suggested and to highlight the risks of the procedure, the analytical sensitivities are compared with the numerical results obtained by using the finite difference method. For the beam composite material elements, the section properties and their sensitivities are found using an asymptotic procedure that involves a two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis of their cross section. The equations of the sensitivities are obtained by automatic differentiation and integrated in time simultaneously with the equations of motion of the multibody systems. The equations of motion and the sensitivities of the flexible multibody system are solved and the accelerations, velocities and the sensitivities of accelerations and velocities are integrated in time using a multi-step multi-order integration algorithm. Through the application of the methodology to two simple flexible multibody systems the difficulties and benefits of the procedure, with respect to finite difference approaches or to the direct implementation of the analytic sensitivities, are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.241
IRIS: a DSS for multiple criteria sorting problems

This paper presents Interactive Robustness analysis and parameters' Inference for multicriteria Sorting problems (IRIS), a Decision Support System (DSS) designed to sort actions (projects, candidates, alternatives, clients, etc.) described by their performances on multiple criteria into an ordered set of categories defined a priori. It is based on the ELECTRE TRI sorting method, but does not require the decision maker (DM) to indicate precise values for all of the method's parameters. More realistically, the software expects the DM to indicate some constraints that these parameters should respect, including sorting examples that the program should reproduce. If the constraints indicated by the DM do not contradict each other (i.e. form a consistent system), then IRIS infers a combination of parameter values that reproduces all the sorting examples, indicating also the range of possible assignments of actions to categories that would be possible without violating any of the stated constraints. If the constraints are contradictory (i.e. form an inconsistent system), then IRIS suggests a combination of parameter values that minimizes an error function and identifies alternative ways to restore the system's consistency by removing some constraints. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcda.36
Genetic linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 6q22 is a consistent finding in Portuguese subpopulations and may generalize to broader populations

We recently reported genome-wide significant linkage to chromosome 6q for bipolar disorder, in a study of 25 Portuguese families, using the Human Mapping Assay Xba 131 (HMA10K). To explore the generalizability of this finding, we reanalyzed our SNP linkage data according to the families' geographic origin. Specifically, the 25 families included 20 families from the Portuguese island collection (PIC; 15 families from the Azores Islands and 5 from the Madeira Islands) and 5 families from continental Portugal. Non-parametric linkage analysis (NPL) was performed as previously described and indicated that each of these subpopulations showed evidence of linkage for the same region. To further address the potential generalizability of these findings to other populations, we have also examined allelic heterozygosity in our subpopulations and in three reference populations (Caucasian, East Asian, and African-American). This analysis indicated that the PIC population is highly correlated to the Caucasian reference population (R = 0.86) for all of chromosome 6. In contrast allelic heterozygosity was more weakly correlated between PIC and both East Asian (R = 0.37) and African-American (R = 0.32) reference populations. Taken together these observations suggest a shared genetic liability among Portuguese populations for bipolar disorder on chromosome 6q, and that the PIC population is likely representative of Caucasians in general. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.3015
No evidence of association or linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms in the 5prime upstream and coding regions of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and schizophrenia in a Portuguese population

Alterations in dopaminergic system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this disease for many years, and this study was performed to assess the possible involvement of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms either in the 5prime upstream or in the coding regions, in the etiology of schizophrenia. The approach included an association study with 90 Portuguese trios by doing the analysis of the individual alleles and the haplotypes. For the polymorphisms in the 5prime upstream region (-C616G and -C521T) and in the coding region (48 bp repeat) of the DRD4 gene, negative results were obtained with both haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), as well as transmit. These data suggest that polymorphisms (-C616G, -C521T, and 48 bp repeat) at the DRD4 gene do not have a minor effect in the susceptibility to schizophrenia in our sample. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.2008
Oxidative stress in hypobaric hypoxia and influence on vessel-tone modifying mediators

Increased pulmonary artery pressure is a well-known phenomenon of hypoxia and is seen in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases, and also in mountaineers on high altitude expedition. Different mediators are known to regulate pulmonary artery vessel tone. However, exact mechanisms are not fully understood and a multimodal process consisting of a whole panel of mediators is supposed to cause pulmonary artery vasoconstriction. We hypothesized that increased hypoxemia is associated with an increase in vasoconstrictive mediators and decrease of vasodilatators leading to a vasoconstrictive net effect. Furthermore, we suggested oxidative stress being partly involved in changement of these parameters. Oxygen saturation (Sao2) and clinical parameters were assessed in 34 volunteers before and during a Swiss research expedition to Mount Muztagh Ata (7549 m) in Western China. Blood samples were taken at four different sites up to an altitude of 6865 m. A mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomic platform was used to detect multiple parameters, and revealed functional impairment of enzymes that require oxidation-sensitive cofactors. Specifically, the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-dependent enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) showed significantly lower activities (citrulline-to-arginine ratio decreased from baseline median 0.21 to 0.14 at 6265 m), indicating lower NO availability resulting in less vasodilatative activity. Correspondingly, an increase in systemic oxidative stress was found with a significant increase of the percentage of methionine sulfoxide from a median 6% under normoxic condition to a median level of 30% (p<0.001) in camp 1 at 5533 m. Furthermore, significant increase in vasoconstrictive mediators (e.g., tryptophan, serotonin, and peroxidation-sensitive lipids) were found. During ascent up to 6865 m, significant altitude-dependent changes in multiple vessel-tone modifying mediators with excess in vasoconstrictive metabolites could be demonstrated. These changes, as well as highly significant increase in systemic oxidative stress, may be predictive for increase in acute mountain sickness score and changes in Sao2
Attribute Value Reordering For Efficient Hybrid OLAP

The normalization of a data cube is the ordering of the attribute values. For
large multidimensional arrays where dense and sparse chunks are stored
differently, proper normalization can lead to improved storage efficiency. We
show that it is NP-hard to compute an optimal normalization even for 1x3
chunks, although we find an exact algorithm for 1x2 chunks. When dimensions are
nearly statistically independent, we show that dimension-wise attribute
frequency sorting is an optimal normalization and takes time O(d n log(n)) for
data cubes of size n^d. When dimensions are not independent, we propose and
evaluate several heuristics. The hybrid OLAP (HOLAP) storage mechanism is
already 19%-30% more efficient than ROLAP, but normalization can improve it
further by 9%-13% for a total gain of 29%-44% over ROLAP
Mueller-Navelet Jets at Hadron Colliders

We critically examine the definition of dijet cross sections at large
rapidity intervals in hadron-hadron collisions, taking proper account of the
various cuts applied in a realistic experimental setup. We argue that the
dependence of the cross section on the precise definition of the parton
momentum fractions and the presence of an upper bound on the momentum transfer
cannot be neglected, and we provide the relevant modifications to the
analytical formulae by Mueller and Navelet. We also point out that the choice
of equal transverse momentum cuts on the tagging jets can spoil the possibility
of a clean extraction of signals of BFKL physics
Simultaneous resolution of singularities in the Nash category:
  finiteness and effectiveness

In this paper we present new proofs using real spectra of the finiteness
theorem on Nash trivial simultaneous resolution and the finiteness theorem on
Blow-Nash triviality for isolated real algebraic singularities. That is, we
prove that a family of Nash sets in a Nash manifold indexed by a semialgebraic
set always admits a Nash trivial simultaneous resolution after a partition of
the parameter space into finitely many semialgebraic pieces and in the case of
isolated singularities it admits a finite Blow-Nash trivialization. We also
complement the finiteness results with recursive bounds
Translation invariant time-dependent massive gravity: Hamiltonian
  analysis

The canonical structure of the massive gravity in the first order moving
frame formalism is studied. We work in the simplified context of translation
invariant fields, with mass terms given by general non-derivative interactions,
invariant under the diagonal Lorentz group, depending on the moving frame as
well as a fixed reference frame. We prove that the only mass terms which give 5
propagating degrees of freedom are the dRGT mass terms, namely those which are
linear in the lapse. We also complete the Hamiltonian analysis with the
dynamical evolution of the system.Comment: 30 page