pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Space-time Measurements of Oceanic Sea States

Stereo video techniques are effective for estimating the space–time wave dynamics over an area of the ocean. Indeed, a stereo camera view allows retrieval of both spatial and temporal data whose statistical content is richer than that of time series data retrieved from point wave probes. We present an application of the Wave Acquisition Stereo System (WASS) for the analysis of offshore video measurements of gravity waves in the Northern Adriatic Sea and near the southern seashore of the Crimean peninsula, in the Black Sea. We use classical epipolar techniques to reconstruct the sea surface from the stereo pairs sequentially in time, viz. a sequence of spatial snapshots. We also present a variational approach that exploits the entire data image set providing a global space–time imaging of the sea surface, viz. simultaneous reconstruction of several spatial snapshots of the surface in order to guarantee continuity of the sea surface both in space and time. Analysis of the WASS measurements show that the sea surface can be accurately estimated in space and time together, yielding associated directional spectra and wave statistics at a point in time that agrees well with probabilistic models. In particular, WASS stereo imaging is able to capture typical features of the wave surface, especially the crest-to-trough asymmetry due to second order nonlinearities, and the observed shape of large waves are fairly described by theoretical models based on the theory of quasi-determinism (Boccotti, 2000). Further, we investigate space–time extremes of the observed stationary sea states, viz. the largest surface wave heights expected over a given area during the sea state duration. The WASS analysis provides the first experimental proof that a space–time extreme is generally larger than that observed in time via point measurements, in agreement with the predictions based on stochastic theories for global maxima of Gaussian fields
Microstructural heterogeneities and fatigue anisotropy

In this study, various experimental methods are employed to determine the
anisotropic fatigue behavior of a 25MnCrSiVB6 forged steel (Metasco MC). This
material has a bainitic microstructure and contains many elongated non-metallic
inclusions in the rolled direction, which are grouped into clusters. Specimens
with different orientations relative to the rolling direction have been extracted
from a hot rolled bar and the ability of certain experimental techniques to capture the fatigue anisotropy has been tested. Results obtained from monotonic tensile tests and Charpy impact tests show that the material has isotropic fracture strength and anisotropic ductility. The influence of the inclusion clusters is clearly demonstrated via observation of the fracture surfaces.
Concerning the fatigue behavior, results from a classical staircase experimental
procedure are compared to results from self-heating fatigue tests. For
specimens orientated at 0° relative to the rolled direction, microcrack initiation
is controlled by the material matrix and the prediction of the fatigue strength
with the self-heating method has been observed to be correct. For specimens
orientated at 45° and 90°, the elongated manganese sulfide inclusion clusters
are the origin of crack initiation and the fatigue strength drops significantly.
For this case, it appears that the self-heating method has difficulty predicting
the fatigue behavior
Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover

The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient location interpreted to have strong
potential for past habitability and for preserving physical and chemical biosignatures (as well as abiotic/prebiotic
organics). The mission will deliver a lander with instruments for atmospheric and geophysical investigations and a
rover tasked with searching for signs of extinct life. The ExoMars rover will be equipped with a drill to collect
material from outcrops and at depth down to 2 m. This subsurface sampling capability will provide the best chance
yet to gain access to chemical biosignatures. Using the powerful Pasteur payload instruments, the ExoMars
science team will conduct a holistic search for traces of life and seek corroborating geological context information.
Key Words: Biosignatures—ExoMars—Landing sites—Mars rover—Search for life. Astrobiology 17, 471–510
Analysis of the legume–rhizobia symbiosis in shrubs from central western Spain

s. rodríguez-echeverría, m.a. pérez-fernández, s. vlaar and t. finnan. 2003.Aims:  This work analyses the diversity of rhizobia associated with some of the predominant shrubby legumes in central-western Spain. Symbiotic promiscuity and effectiveness were studied using cross-inoculation experiments with shrubby species.Material and Results:  Six new bradyrhizobia strains were isolated from nodules collected from wild plants of six leguminous species, Cytisus balansae, C. multiflorus, C. scoparius, C. striatus, Genista hystrix and Retama sphaerocarpa. These isolates were genetically characterized by 16S rDNA partial sequencing and random amplification of polymorphic DNA2013PCR fingerprinting. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these isolates could represent three new Bradyrhizobium species. Shrubby legumes and bradyrhizobia displayed a high symbiotic promiscuity both for infectivity and effectiveness. Symbioses were effective in more than 70% of the associations established by four of the six plant species.Conclusions:  Native woody legumes in western Spain are nodulated by Bradyrhizobium strains. The high degree of symbiotic promiscuity and effectiveness highlights the complex dynamics of these communities in wild ecosystems under a Mediterranean-type climate. Furthermore, the results from this study suggest a potential importance of inoculation for these legume species in soil-restoration projects.Significance and Impact of the Study:  This is the first study, to our knowledge, that combines both molecular analysis and pot trials to study the rhizobia2013legume symbiosis for wild legumes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02118.
Evidence for linkage disequilibrium between the alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) locus and schizophrenia in Azorean families

Recent studies have suggested that the alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The alpha 7-nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) is involved in P50 auditory sensory gating deficits, and the genomic locus for this gene lies in the chromosome 15q13-14 regions. The human gene is partially duplicated (exons 5-10) with four novel upstream exons. The marker D15S1360 has been shown to be significantly linked with the phenotype of abnormal P50 suppression in schizophrenia families. The marker L76630 is 3 kb in the 3prime direction from the last exon of the CHRNA7 gene and is located in the duplicated region. The function of the two L76630 copies is unknown. We genotyped three polymorphic markers D15S1360, D15S165, and L76630 that are localized in a genomic fragment containing the CHRNA7 in 31 Azorean schizophrenia families/trios (including 41 schizophrenia individuals and 97 unaffected families members). An overall analysis utilizing the family-based association test revealed significant linkage disequilibrium between L76630 and schizophrenia (P = 0.0004). Using the extended transmission disequilibrium test and limiting the analysis to one triad per family, transmission disequilibrium of D15S1360 was near significance (P = 0.078). The 15q13 region overlaps with the location of two well-known genomically imprinted disorders: Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Therefore, we investigated maternal and paternal meioses. We found significant transmission disequilibrium for D15S1360 through paternal transmission (P = 0.0006) in our schizophrenia families. The L76630 marker showed a significant disequilibrium in maternal transmissions (P = 0.028). No parent-of-origin effect was found in D15S165. Overall, our results suggest that the CHRNA7 may play a role in schizophrenia in these families. A parent of origin effect may be present and requires further study. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.154
Avoiding order reduction when integrating nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Strang method

In this paper a technique is suggested to avoid order reduction when using Strang method
to integrate nonlinear Schrödinger equation subject to time-dependent Dirichlet boundary
conditions. The computational cost of this technique is negligible compared to that of the
method itself, at least when the timestepsize is fixed. Moreover, a thorough error analysis
is given as well as a modification of the technique which allows to conserve the symmetry
of the method while retaining its second order.Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación: MTM 2015-66837-
The charm quark's mass in quenched QCD

We present our preliminary result for the charmed quark mass, which follows from taking the D_s and K meson masses from experiment and r0=0.5 fm (or, equivalently F_K=160 MeV) to set the scale. For the renormalization group invariant quark mass we obtain M_c = 1684(64) MeV, which translates to m_c(m_c)= 1314 (40)(20)(7) MeV for the running mass in the MSbar scheme. Renormalization is treated non-perturbatively, and the continuum limit has been taken, so that the only uncontrolled systematic error consists in the use of the quenched approximation
Thermal stability of laser treated die material for semi-solid metal forming

This paper presents laser surface modification work performed to improve the lifetime of die materials. Die material AISI H13, with typical hardness in the range of 42 to 48 HRC, offers high wear and corrosion resistance. However the cyclic high temperature conditions along with exposure to high viscosity molten metal in semi-solid forming cause the die to wear and crack with resultant shortened die lifetime. In this study, the thermal stability of die material at elevated temperature was investigated through micro-hardness testing and a metallographic study. AISI H13 samples were laser glazed using CO2 continuous wave mode laser with 10.6 µm wavelength. Samples were attached to a specially designed rotating chuck to enable it to be rotated at speeds up to 1500 rpm and allow flat surface glazing to take place. The micro-hardness was measured for as-glazed samples and annealed samples which were held at temperatures ranging from 550oC to 800oC with 50oC intervals. The metallographic study conducted examined the formation of three zones at different depths which were the glazed zone, the heat affected zone and the substrate. As a result of rapid heating and cooling from the laser glazing process, a metallic glass layer was developed which exhibited an average micro-hardness of 900 HV when exposed to 3.34E+10 W/m2 laser irradiance within a range of 3.64 to 5.66 ms exposure time. Crystallization in glazed zone increased as the annealing temperature increased. As the annealing temperature reached above approximately 600oC, the micro-hardness decreased to approximately 600 HV (equivalent to approx. 54 HRC) due to local crystallization. These findings show potential direct application of glazed dies for non-ferrous semi-solid forming and the requirement for thermal barrier protection for application at higher temperatures
Optimization of curing cycle in carbon fiber-reinforced laminates: Void distribution and mechanical properties

A strategy is presented to optimize out-of-autoclave processing of quasi-isotropic carbon fiber-reinforced\ud
laminates. Square panels of 4.6 mm nominal thickness with very low porosity ð6 0:2%Þ were manufactured\ud
by compression molding at low pressure (0.2 MPa) by careful design of the temperature cycle to\ud
maximize the processing window. The mechanisms of void migration during processing were ascertained\ud
by means of X-ray microtomography and the effect of ply clustering on porosity and on void shape was\ud
explained. Finally, the effect of porosity and ply clustering on the compressive strength before and after\ud
impact was studied
Investigation of plasma hydrogenation and trapping mechanism for layer transfer

Hydrogen ion implantation is conventionally used to initiate the transfer of Si thin layers onto Si wafers coated with thermal oxide. In this work, we studied the feasibility of using plasma hydrogenation to replace high dose H implantation for layer transfer. Boron ion implantation was used to introduce H-trapping centers into Si wafers to illustrate the idea. Instead of the widely recognized interactions between boron and hydrogen atoms, this study showed that lattice damage, i.e., dangling bonds, traps H atoms and can lead to surface blistering during hydrogenation or upon postannealing at higher temperature. The B implantation and subsequent processes control the uniformity of H trapping and the trap depths. While the trap centers were introduced by B implantation in this study, there are many other means to do the same without implantation. Our results suggest an innovative way to achieve high quality transfer of Si layers without H implantation at high energies and high doses. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics
Dispersive Qubit Measurement by Interferometry with Parametric Amplifiers

We perform a detailed analysis of how an amplified interferometer can be used to enhance the quality of a dispersive qubit measurement, such as one performed on a superconducting transmon qubit, using homodyne detection on an amplified microwave signal. Our modeling makes a realistic assessment of what is possible in current circuit-QED experiments; in particular, we take into account the frequency-dependence of the qubit-induced phase shift for short microwaves pulses. We compare the possible signal-to-noise ratios obtainable with (single-mode) SU(1,1) interferometers with the current coherent measurement and find a considerable reduction in measurement error probability in an experimentally-accessible range of parameters
Substitution of TAG oil with diacylglycerol oil in food items improves the predicted 10 years cardiovascular risk score in healthy, overweight subjects

Dietary fat is normally in TAG form, but diacylglycerol (DAG) is a natural component of edible oils. Studies have shown that consumption of DAG results in metabolic characteristics that are distinct from those of TAG, which may be beneficial in preventing and managing obesity. The objective of the present study was to investigate if food items in which part of the TAG oil is replaced with DAG oil combined with high α-linolenic acid (ALA) content would influence metabolic markers. A 12-week double-blinded randomised controlled parallel-design study was conducted. The participants (n 23) were healthy, overweight men and women, aged 37–67 years, BMI 27–35 kg/m2, with waist circumference >94 cm (men) and >88 cm (women). The two groups received 20 g margarine, 11 g mayonnaise and 12 g oil per d, containing either high ALA and sn-1,3-DAG or high ALA and TAG. Substitution of TAG oil with DAG oil in food items for 12 weeks led to an improvement of the predicted 10 years cardiovascular risk score in overweight subjects by non-significantly improving markers of health such as total body fat percentage, trunk fat mass, alanine aminotransferase, systolic blood pressure, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and total fat-free mass. This may suggest that replacing TAG oil with DAG oil in healthy, overweight individuals may have beneficial metabolic effect
Mass insertions vs. mass eigenstates calculations in flavour physics

We present and prove a theorem of matrix analysis, the Flavour Expansion Theorem (or FET), according to which, an analytic function of a Hermitian matrix can be expanded polynomially in terms of its off-diagonal elements with coefficients being the divided differences of the analytic function and arguments the diagonal elements of the Hermitian matrix. The theorem is applicable in case of flavour changing amplitudes. At one-loop level this procedure is particularly natural due to the observation that every loop function in the Passarino-Veltman basis can be recursively expressed in terms of divided differences. FET helps to algebraically translate an amplitude written in mass eigenbasis into flavour mass insertions, without performing diagrammatic calculations in flavour basis. As a non-trivial application of FET up to a third order, we demonstrate its use in calculating strong bounds on the real parts of flavour changing mass insertions in the up- squark sector of the MSSM from neutron Electric Dipole Moment (nEDM) measurements, assuming that CP-violation arises only from the CKM matrix
A naturally light Higgs without light top partners

We demonstrate that the inclusion of a realistic lepton sector can relax significantly the upper bound on top partner masses in minimal composite Higgs models, induced by the lightness of the Higgs boson. To that extend, we present a comprehensive survey of the impact of different realizations of the fermion sectors on the Higgs potential, with a special emphasis on the role of the leptons. The non-negligible compositeness of the τ R in a general class of models that address the flavor structure of the lepton sector and the smallness of the corresponding FCNCs, can have a significant effect on the potential. We find that, with the τ R in the symmetric representation of SO(5), an increase in the maximally allowed mass of the lightest top partner of ≳ 1 TeV is possible for minimal quark setups like the MCHM 5,10 , without increasing the tuning. A light Higgs boson m H ∼ (100−200) GeV is a natural prediction of such models, which thus provide a new setup that can evade ultralight top partners without ad-hoc tuning in the Higgs mass. Moreover, we advocate a more minimal realization of the lepton sector than generally used in the literature, which still can avoid light partners due to its contributions to the Higgs mass in a different and very natural way, triggered by the seesaw mechanism. This allows to construct the most economical SO(5) / SO(4) composite Higgs models possible. Using both a transparent 4D approach, as well as presenting numerical results in the 5D holographic description, we demonstrate that, including leptons, minimality and naturalness do not imply light partners. Leptonic effects, not considered before, could hence be crucial for the viability of composite models
Connecting dark matter UV complete models to direct detection rates via effective field theory

Direct searches for WIMPs are sensitive to physics well below the weak scale. In the absence of light mediators, it is fruitful to apply an Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach accounting only for dark matter (DM) interactions with Standard Model (SM) fields. We consider a singlet fermion WIMP and effective operators up to dimension 6 which are generated at the mass scale of particles mediating DM interactions with the SM. We perform a one-loop Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) analysis, evolving these effective operators from the mediators mass scale to the nuclear scales probed by direct searches. We apply our results to models with DM velocity-suppressed interactions, DM couplings only to heavy quarks, leptophilic DM and Higgs portal, which without our analysis would not get constrained from direct detection bounds. Remarkably, a large parameter space region for these models is found to be excluded as a consequence of spin-independent couplings induced by SM loops. In addition to these examples, we stress that more general renormalizable models for singlet fermion WIMP can be matched onto our EFT framework, and the subsequent model-independent RGE can be used to compute direct detection rates. Our results allow us to properly connect the different energy scales involved in constraining WIMP models, and to combine information from direct detection with other complementary searches, such as collider and indirect detection
Geometry and fluxes of SL(5) exceptional field theory

We use a geometric approach to construct a flux formulation for the SL(5) U-duality manifest exceptional field theory. The resulting formalism is well-suited for studying gauged supergravities with geometric and non-geometric fluxes. Here we describe all such fluxes for both M-theory and IIB supergravity including the Ramond-Ramond fields for compactifications to seven dimensions. We define the locally non-geometric “ R -flux” and globally non-geometric “ Q -flux” for M-theory and find a new locally non-geometric R -flux for the IIB theory. We show how these non-geometric fluxes can be understood geometrically and give some examples of how they can be generated by acting with dualities on solutions with geometric or field-strength flux
Quantization of conical spaces in 3D gravity

We discuss the quantization and holographic aspects of a class of conical spaces in 2+1 dimensional pure AdS gravity. These appear as topological solitons in the Chern-Simons formulation of the theory and are closely related to the recently studied conical solutions in higher spin gravity. We discuss the classical fluctuations around these solutions, which form exceptional coadjoint orbits of the asymptotic Virasoro group. We argue that the quantization of these solutions leads to nonunitary representations of the Virasoro algebra, on account of their having boundary graviton fluctuations which lower the energy. We propose a framework to quantize them in a semiclassical expansion in the inverse central charge, which we use to compute their one-loop corrected energies. Interestingly, the resulting Virasoro representations contain a null vector, thus providing an appearance of Kac’s degenerate representations, which are nonunitary at large central charge, in the context of gravity. We match the computed quantum corrections in the bulk with the properties of a class of primaries in Kac’s classification
Spatio-temporal linear stability of double-diffusive two-fluid channel flow

Absolute instabilities in shear flows can cause a catastrophic breakdown into a new unsteady state, or even into turbulence. We demonstrate that in a double-diffusive channel flow with a viscosity stratification across the channel, rapidly growing absolute instability may be obtained at Reynolds numbers of a few hundreds. The instability is much weaker in an equivalent single solute fluid with the same viscosity contrast, or even in one which is made up only of the more dangerous of the two diffusing species. This is a novel characteristic of double-diffusive systems driven by viscosity, rather than density variations. Convective instabilities too are stronger in the double-diffusive case
Safety study of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) of the human cortex

Transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) in humans reduces cortical excitability. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if prolonged tSMS (2 h) could be delivered safely in humans. Safety limits for this technique have not been described.\ud
Methods: tSMS was applied for 2 h with a cylindric magnet on the occiput of 17 healthy subjects. We assessed tSMS-related safety aspects at tissue level by measuring levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE,a marker of neuronal damage) and S100 (a marker of glial reactivity and damage). We also included an evaluation of cognitive side effects by using a battery of visuomotor and cognitive tests. Results: tSMS did not induce any significant increase in NSE or S100. No cognitive alteration was detected. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the application of tSMS is safe in healthy human subjects, at least within these parameter