pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The neuronal correlates of sex differences in left-right confusion.

Difficulties in left–right discrimination (LRD) are commonly experienced in everyday life situations. Here we investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms of LRD and the specific role of left angular gyrus. Given that previous behavioral research reported women to be more susceptible to left–right confusion, the current study focuses particularly on the neural basis of sex differences in LRD while controlling for potential menstrual cycle effects (repeated measures design). 16 women and 15 men were presented pictures of pointing hands in various orientations (rotated versus non-rotated) and were asked to identify them as left or right hands. Results revealed that LRD was particularly associated with activation in inferior parietal regions, extending into the right angular gyrus. Irrespective of menstrual cycle phase, women, relative to men, recruited more prefrontal areas, suggesting higher top-down control in LRD. For the subset of rotated stimuli as compared to the non-rotated, we found leftward asymmetry for both men and women, although women scored significantly lower. We conclude that there are sex differences in the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying LRD. Although the angular gyrus is involved in LRD, several other parietal areas are at least as critical. Moreover, the hypothesis that more left–right confusion is due to more bilateral activation (in women) can be rejected
Imitate or innovate? Children’s innovation is influenced by the efficacy of observed behaviour.

This study investigated the age at which children judge it futile to imitate unreliable information, in the form of a visibly ineffective demonstrated solution, and deviate to produce novel solutions (‘innovations’). Children aged 4–9 years were presented with a novel puzzle box, the Multiple-Methods Box (MMB), which offered multiple innovation opportunities to extract a reward using different tools, access points and exits. 209 children were assigned to conditions in which eight social demonstrations of a reward retrieval method were provided; each condition differed incrementally in terms of the method’s efficacy (0%, 25%, 75%, and 100% success at extracting the reward). An additional 47 children were assigned to a no-demonstration control condition. Innovative reward extractions from the MMB increased with decreasing efficacy of the demonstrated method. However, imitation remained a widely used strategy irrespective of the efficacy of the method being reproduced (90% of children produced at least one imitative attempt, and imitated on an average of 4.9 out of 8 attempt trials). Children were more likely to innovate in relation to the tool than exit, even though the latter would have been more effective. Overall, innovation was rare: only 12.4% of children innovated by discovering at least one novel reward exit. Children’s prioritisation of social information is consistent with theories of cultural evolution indicating imitation is a prepotent response following observation of behaviour, and that innovation is a rarity; so much so, that even maladaptive behaviour is copied
Quantifying and minimising systematic and random errors in X-ray micro-tomography based volume measurements.

X-ray micro-tomography (XMT) is increasingly used for the quantitative analysis of the volumes of features within the 3D images. As with any measurement, there will be error and uncertainty associated with these measurements. In this paper a method for quantifying both the systematic and random components of this error in the measured volume is presented. The systematic error is the offset between the actual and measured volume which is consistent between different measurements and can therefore be eliminated by appropriate calibration. In XMT measurements this is often caused by an inappropriate threshold value. The random error is not associated with any systematic offset in the measured volume and could be caused, for instance, by variations in the location of the specific object relative to the voxel grid. It can be eliminated by repeated measurements. It was found that both the systematic and random components of the error are a strong function of the size of the object measured relative to the voxel size. The relative error in the volume was found to follow approximately a power law relationship with the volume of the object, but with an exponent that implied, unexpectedly, that the relative error was proportional to the radius of the object for small objects, though the exponent did imply that the relative error was approximately proportional to the surface area of the object for larger objects. In an example application involving the size of mineral grains in an ore sample, the uncertainty associated with the random error in the volume is larger than the object itself for objects smaller than about 8 voxels and is greater than 10% for any object smaller than about 260 voxels. A methodology is presented for reducing the random error by combining the results from either multiple scans of the same object or scans of multiple similar objects, with an uncertainty of less than 5% requiring 12 objects of 100 voxels or 600 objects of 4 voxels. As the systematic error in a measurement cannot be eliminated by combining the results from multiple measurements, this paper introduces a procedure for using volume standards to reduce the systematic error, especially for smaller objects where the relative error is larger
Changing climate and nutrient transfers: evidence from high temporal resolution concentration-flow dynamics in headwater catchments

We hypothesise that climate change, together with intensive agricultural systems, will increase the transfer of pollutants from land to water and impact on stream health. This study builds, for the first time, an integrated assessment of nutrient transfers, bringing together a) high-frequency data from the outlets of two surface water-dominated, headwater (~ 10 km2) agricultural catchments, b) event-by-event analysis of nutrient transfers, c) concentration duration curves for comparison with EU Water Framework Directive water quality targets, d) event analysis of location-specific, sub-daily rainfall projections (UKCP, 2009), and e) a linear model relating storm rainfall to phosphorus load. These components, in combination, bring innovation and new insight into the estimation of future phosphorus transfers, which was not available from individual components. The data demonstrated two features of particular concern for climate change impacts. Firstly, the bulk of the suspended sediment and total phosphorus (TP) load (greater than 90% and 80% respectively) was transferred during the highest discharge events. The linear model of rainfall-driven TP transfers estimated that, with the projected increase in winter rainfall (+ 8% to + 17% in the catchments by 2050s), annual event loads might increase by around 9% on average, if agricultural practices remain unchanged. Secondly, events following dry periods of several weeks, particularly in summer, were responsible for high concentrations of phosphorus, but relatively low loads. The high concentrations, associated with low flow, could become more frequent or last longer in the future, with a corresponding increase in the length of time that threshold concentrations (e.g. for water quality status) are exceeded. The results suggest that in order to build resilience in stream health and help mitigate potential increases in diffuse agricultural water pollution due to climate change, land management practices should target controllable risk factors, such as soil nutrient status, soil condition and crop cover
A near-stationary subspace for ridge approximation

Response surfaces are common surrogates for expensive computer simulations in
engineering analysis. However, the cost of fitting an accurate response surface
increases exponentially as the number of model inputs increases, which leaves
response surface construction intractable for high-dimensional, nonlinear
models. We describe ridge approximation for fitting response surfaces in
several variables. A ridge function is constant along several directions in its
domain, so fitting occurs on the coordinates of a low-dimensional subspace of
the input space. We review essential theory for ridge approximation---e.g., the
best mean-squared approximation and an optimal low-dimensional subspace---and
we prove that the gradient-based active subspace is near-stationary for the
least-squares problem that defines an optimal subspace. Motivated by the
theory, we propose a computational heuristic that uses an estimated active
subspace as an initial guess for a ridge approximation fitting problem. We show
a simple example where the heuristic fails, which reveals a type of function
for which the proposed approach is inappropriate. We then propose a simple
alternating heuristic for fitting a ridge function, and we demonstrate the
effectiveness of the active subspace initial guess applied to an airfoil model
of drag as a function of its 18 shape parameters
Leadership and branding in business schools: a Bourdieusian analysis

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Higher Education Research & Development on 31 January 2014, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/07294360.2013.864612This paper explores the growth of corporate branding in higher education (HE) and its use by academic and professional managers as a mechanism for not only enhancing institutional reputation but also for facilitating internal culture change. It uses Bourdieu's framework of field, capital and habitus to analyse case studies of branding in two English business schools from the perspectives of academics, management and professional staff and students. The findings reveal a number of tensions and inconsistencies between the experiences of these groups that highlight the contested nature of branding in HE. In an era of rankings, metrics and student fees, it is suggested that branding has become an important means through which HE leaders and managers (re)negotiate the perceived value of different forms of capital and their relative positions within the field. Whilst branding operates at a largely ideological level it has a material effect on the allocation of power and resources within institutions. This is an important development in a sector that has typically privileged scientific capital and contributes towards an understanding of the ways in which leadership is 'distributed' within universities. © 2014 © 2014 HERDSA
Constructions in R[x_1, ..., x_n]. Applications to K-Theory

A classical result in K-Theory about polynomial rings like the Quillen-Suslin
theorem admits an algorithmic approach when the ring of coefficients has some
computational properties, associated with Gröbner bases. There are several
algorithms when we work in $\K[\x]$, $\K$ a field. In this paper we compute a
free basis of a finitely generated projective module over $R[\x]$, $R$ a
principal ideal domain with additional properties, test the freeness for
projective modules over $D[\x]$, with $D$ a Dedekind domain like
$\Zset[\sqrt{-5}]$ and for the one variable case compute a free basis if there
exists any.DGICYT PB97-0723, Junta de Andalucía FQM-21
Cross-talk and interference enhance information capacity of a signaling
  pathway

A recurring motif in gene regulatory networks is transcription factors (TFs)
that regulate each other, and then bind to overlapping sites on DNA, where they
interact and synergistically control transcription of a target gene. Here, we
suggest that this motif maximizes information flow in a noisy network. Gene
expression is an inherently noisy process due to thermal fluctuations and the
small number of molecules involved. A consequence of multiple TFs interacting
at overlapping binding-sites is that their binding noise becomes correlated.
Using concepts from information theory, we show that in general a signaling
pathway transmits more information if 1) noise of one input is correlated with
that of the other, 2) input signals are not chosen independently. In the case
of TFs, the latter criterion hints at up-stream cross-regulation. We
demonstrate these ideas for competing TFs and feed-forward gene regulatory
modules, and discuss generalizations to other signaling pathways. Our results
challenge the conventional approach of treating biological noise as
uncorrelated fluctuations, and present a systematic method for understanding TF
cross-regulation networks either from direct measurements of binding noise, or
bioinformatic analysis of overlapping binding-sites.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figure
Differentiation of Kaltofen's division-free determinant algorithm

International audienceKaltofen has proposed a new approach in [Kaltofen 1992] for computing matrix determinants. The algorithm is based on a baby steps/giant steps construction of Krylov subspaces, and computes the determinant as the constant term of a characteristic polynomial. For matrices over an abstract field and by the results of Baur and Strassen 1983, the determinant algorithm, actually a straight-line program, leads to an algorithm with the same complexity for computing the adjoint of a matrix [Kaltofen 1992]. However, the latter is obtained by the reverse mode of automatic differentiation and somehow is not ``explicit''. We study this adjoint algorithm, show how it can be implemented (without resorting to an automatic transformation), and demonstrate its use on polynomial matrices
Sparse component separation for accurate cosmic microwave background estimation

International audienceThe cosmic microwave background (CMB) is of premier importance for cosmologists in studying the birth of our universe. Unfortunately, most CMB experiments, such as COBE, WMAP, or Planck do not directly measure the cosmological signal, because the CMB is mixed up with galactic foregrounds and point sources. For the sake of scientific exploitation, measuring the CMB requires extracting several different astrophysical components (CMB, Sunyaev-Zel’dovich clusters, galactic dust) from multiwavelength observations. Mathematically speaking, the problem of disentangling the CMB map from the galactic foregrounds amounts to a component or source separation problem. In the field of CMB studies, a wide range of source separation methods have been applied that all differ in the way they model the data and in the criteria they rely on to separate components. Two main difficulties are i) that the instrument’s beam varies across frequencies and ii) that the emission laws of most astrophysical components vary across pixels. This paper aims at introducing a very accurate modeling of CMB data, based on sparsity to account for beams’ variability across frequencies, as well as for spatial variations of the components’ spectral characteristics. Based on this new sparse modeling of the data, a sparsity-based component separation method coined local-generalized morphological component analysis (L-GMCA) is described. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried out with simulated Planck data. These experiments show the high efficiency of the proposed component separation methods for estimating a clean CMB map with a very low foreground contamination, which makes L-GMCA of prime interest for CMB studies
Quantum duality principle for coisotropic subgroups and Poisson quotients

We develop a quantum duality principle for coisotropic subgroups of a (formal)\ud
Poisson group and its dual: namely, starting from a quantum coisotropic subgroup\ud
(for a quantization of a given Poisson group) we provide functorial recipes to produce\ud
quantizations of the dual coisotropic subgroup (in the dual formal Poisson\ud
group). By the natural link between subgroups and homogeneous spaces, we argue\ud
a quantum duality principle for Poisson homogeneous spaces which are Poisson\ud
quotients, i.e. have at least one zero-dimensional symplectic leaf.\ud
Only bare results are presented, while detailed proofs can be found in [N. Ciccoli, F. Gavarini, "A quantum duality principle for coisotropic subgroups and Poisson quotients", Advances in Mathematics 199 (2006), 104-135 - DOI: 10.1016/j.aim.2005.01.009]
Bi spectral beam extraction in combination with a focusing feeder

Bi spectral beam extraction combines neutrons from two different kind of moderators into  one beamline, expanding the spectral range and thereby the utilization of an instrument.  This idea can be realized by a mirror that reflects long wavelength neutrons from an off axis  colder moderator into a neutron guide aligned with another moderator emitting neutrons  with shorter wavelengths which will be transmitted through the mirror. The mirror used  in such systems is typically several meters long, which is a severe disadvantage because it  reduces the possible length of a focusing device in design concepts requiring a narrow beam  at a short distance from the source, as used in many instruments under development for  the planned European Spallation Source  ESS . We propose a shortened extraction system  consisting of several mirrors, and show that such an extraction system is better suited for  combination with a feeder in an eye of the needle setup, illustrated here in the context of  a possible ESS imaging beamlin
A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse la. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community
Hα imaging of the Herschel Reference Survey : the star formation properties of a volume-limited, K-band-selected sample of nearby late-type galaxies

We present new H alpha+[NII] imaging data of late-type galaxies in the Herschel Reference Survey aimed at studying the star formation properties of a K-band-selected, volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies. The H alpha+[NII] data are corrected for [NII] contamination and dust attenuation using different recipes based on the Balmer decrement and the 24 mu m luminosities. We show that the H alpha luminosities derived with different corrections give consistent results only whenever the uncertainty on the estimate of the Balmer decrement is sigma[C(H beta)] <= 0.1. We used these data to derive the star formation rate of the late-type galaxies of the sample and compare these estimates to those determined using independent monochromatic tracers (far-UV, radio continuum) or the output of spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting codes. This comparison suggests that the 24 mu m based dust extinction correction for the H alpha data might not be universal and that it should be used with caution in all objects with a low star formation activity, where dust heating can be dominated by the old stellar population. Furthermore, because of the sudden truncation of the star formation activity of cluster galaxies occurring after their interaction with the surrounding environment, the stationarity conditions required to transform monochromatic fluxes into star formation rates might not always be satisfied in tracers other than the H alpha luminosity. In a similar way, the parametrisation of the star formation history generally used in SED fitting codes might not be adequate for these recently interacting systems. We then use the derived star formation rates to study the star formation rate luminosity distribution and the typical scaling relations of the late-type galaxies of the HRS. We observe a systematic decrease of the specific star formation rate with increasing stellar mass, stellar mass surface density, and metallicity. We also observe an increase of the asymmetry and smoothness parameters measured in the H alpha-band with increasing specific star formation rate, probably induced by an increase of the contribution of giant HII regions to the H alpha luminosity function in star-forming low-luminosity galaxies
Observation of Terahertz Electric Pulses Generated by Nearly-Filled-Gap Nonuniform Illumination Exciation

[[abstract]]Terahertz (THz) electric pulses generated by nonuniform illumination excitation in a nearly filled-gap configuration were observed. In this scheme, the excitation beam is focused to a spotsize only slightly smaller than the spacing between the transmission lines and is located symmetrically within the gap. With 100 fs laser pulses excitation on sliding-contact photoconductive switches fabricated on low-temperature-grown GaAs, electric pulse correlation with 190±20 fs full width at half maximum, which corresponds to a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.1 THz, was observed. Moreover, electric pulses with three times larger peak amplitude than those generated with filled-gap illumination from In coplanar striplines were observed. Bias, wavelength, and pump power dependencies were investigated.[[fileno]]2030159010053[[department]]電機工程學
Investigation on the phosphorus interstitials in phosphorus-implanted copper indium disulfide by a simplified total energy calculation

[[abstract]]This paper presents a simplified total energy calculation for the phosphorus interstitials in P+ -implanted CuInS2. The calculation was based on the tight-binding approximation and the atomic structure calculation scheme. Two types of interstitials were considered. One involved P and S2−, the other involved P3+ and S3−. Results showed that the latter would be more possible than the former, which confirms the results of our previous electron paramagnetic resonance study on the p-type doping of P+ -implanted CuInS2 . Journal of Applied Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics.[[fileno]]2030160010028[[department]]電機工程學
Holography with a Landau pole

Holography for UV-incomplete gauge theories is important but poorly
understood. A paradigmatic example is $d=4$, $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills
coupled to $N_f$ quark flavors, which possesses a Landau pole at a UV scale
$\Lambda_{LP}$. The dual gravity solution exhibits a UV singularity at a finite
proper distance along the holographic direction. Despite this, holographic
renormalization can be fully implemented via analytic continuation to an AdS
solution. The presence of a UV cut-off manifests itself in several interesting
ways. At energies $E \ll \Lambda_{LP}$ no pathologies appear, as expected from
effective field theory. In contrast, at scales $E \lesssim \Lambda_{LP}$ the
gravitational potential becomes repulsive, and at temperatures $T \lesssim
\Lambda_{LP}$ the specific heat becomes negative. Although we focus on
$\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills with flavor, our qualitative results apply to
a much more general class of theories, since they only depend on the fact that
the metric near the UV singularity is a hyper-scaling violating metric with
exponent $\theta > d-1$.Comment: 26 pages plus appendices, 12 figures. v2: published tex