pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Preconditioning Newton-Krylov Methods in Non-Convex Large Scale Optimization

We consider an iterative preconditioning technique for non-convex large scale optimization. First, we refer to the solution of large scale indefinite linear systems by using a Krylov subspace method, and describe the iterative construction of a preconditioner which does not involve matrices products or matrices storage. The set of directions generated by the Krylov subspace method is used, as by product, to provide an approximate inverse preconditioner. Then, we experience our preconditioner within Truncated Newton schemes for large scale unconstrained optimization, where we generalize the truncation rule by Nash–Sofer (Oper. Res. Lett. 9:219–221, 1990) to the indefinite case, too. We use a Krylov subspace method to both approximately solve the Newton equation and to construct the preconditioner to be used at the current outer iteration. An extensive numerical experience shows that the proposed preconditioning strategy, compared with the unpreconditioned strategy and PREQN (Morales and Nocedal in SIAM J. Optim. 10:1079–1096, 2000), may lead to a reduction of the overall inner iterations. Finally, we show that our proposal has some similarities with the Limited Memory Preconditioners (Gratton et al. in SIAM J. Optim. 21:912–935, 2011)
Dynamic Optimal Path Selection for 3D Triangulation with Multiple Cameras

When a physical feature is observed by two or more cameras, its position in the 3D space can be easily recovered by means of triangulation. However, for such estimate to be reliable, accurate intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of the capturing devices must be available. Extrinsic parameters are usually the most problematic, especially when dealing with a large number of cameras. This is due to several factors, including the inability to observe the same reference object over the entire network and the sometimes unavoidable displacement of cameras over time. With this paper we propose a game-theoretical method that can be used to dynamically select the most reliable rigid motion between cameras observing the same feature point. To this end we only assume to have a (possibly incomplete) graph connecting cameras whose edges are labelled with extrinsic parameters obtained through pairwise calibration
Organic field-effect transistors by a wet-transferring method

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were prepared from an epitaxially grown film fabricated by a wet-transferring process. 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) was grown by thermal evaporation on the (001) surface of potassium bromide (KBr) single crystals. When the film was grown at room temperature, the planar molecules were aligned orthogonally on the crystal surfaces along the [110] direction with edge-on orientation to the surface normal direction. The epitaxy film was transferred to on SiO2/Si surface immediately after removing the KBr on the water surface to product the OFETs. The calculated µFET of the OFET for the wet-transferred vertically aligned film were 1.3×10–4 and 2.2×10–4  cm2 V–1 s–1 at the linear and saturation regions, respectively, at Vg = –50  V at an ION/IOFF (on/off ratios of source–drain current) of 104~105
A 2017 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity

We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology
Forecasting the Brazilian yield curve using forward-looking variables

This paper proposes a forecasting model that combines a factor augmented VAR (FAVAR) methodology with the Nelson and Siegel (NS) parametrization of the yield curve in order to predict the Brazilian term structure of interest rates. Importantly, we extract the principal components for the FAVAR from a large data set containing a range of forward-looking macroeconomic and financial variables. Our forecasting model improves on the predictive accuracy of extant models in the literature significantly, particularly at short-term horizons. For instance, the mean absolute forecast errors are 15–40% lower than those of the random walk benchmark on predictions at the three-month horizon. The out-of-sample analysis shows that the inclusion of forward-looking indicators is the key to improving the predictive ability of the model
Scaling properties of the longitudinal and transversal asymmetries of the nd total cross section

The longitudinal and transversal asymmetries of the total nd cross section are calculated. Four modern nucleon-nucleon interactions: AV18, CD Bonn, NijmI and NijmII, give different predictions for these observables. When the three-nucleon Hamiltonian is supplemented by the 2π-exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (3NF), individually adjusted with each particular NN potential to reproduce the experimental triton binding energy, all predictions practically coincide. We propose to check this scaling behavior experimentally in order to get a clear signal for 3NF effects in the low energy three-nucleon continuum. Connected to that is the proposal to measure the energy at which the longitudinal asymmetry goes through zero. This energy is shifted by about 400 keV when 3NF's are acting
Fusing moving average model and stationary wavelet decomposition for automatic incident detection: Case study of Tokyo Expressway

Traffic congestion is a growing problem in urban areas all over the world. The transport sector has been in full swing event study on intelligent transportation system for automatic detection. The functionality of automatic incident detection on expressways is a primary objective of advanced traffic management system. In order to save lives and prevent secondary incidents, accurate and prompt incident detection is necessary. This paper presents a methodology that integrates moving average (MA) model with stationary wavelet decomposition for automatic incident detection, in which parameters of layer coefficient are extracted from the difference between the upstream and downstream occupancy. Unlike other wavelet-based method presented before, firstly it smooths the raw data with MA model. Then it uses stationary wavelet to decompose, which can achieve accurate reconstruction of the signal, and does not shift the signal transfer coefficients. Thus, it can detect the incidents more accurately. The threshold to trigger incident alarm is also adjusted according to normal traffic condition with congestion. The methodology is validated with real data from Tokyo Expressway ultrasonic sensors. Experimental results show that it is accurate and effective, and that it can differentiate traffic accident from other condition such as recurring traffic congestion
ERCC1 expression and RAD51B activity correlate with cell cycle response to platinum drug treatment not DNA repair

Background: The H69CIS200 and H69OX400 cell lines are novel models of low-level platinum-drug resistance. Resistance was not associated with increased cellular glutathione or decreased accumulation of platinum, rather the resistant cell lines have a cell cycle alteration allowing them to rapidly proliferate post drug treatment. Results: A decrease in ERCC1 protein expression and an increase in RAD51B foci activity was observed in association with the platinum induced cell cycle arrest but these changes did not correlate with resistance or altered DNA repair capacity. The H69 cells and resistant cell lines have a p53 mutation and consequently decrease expression of p21 in response to platinum drug treatment, promoting progression of the cell cycle instead of increasing p21 to maintain the arrest. \ud
Conclusion: Decreased ERCC1 protein and increased RAD51B foci may in part be mediating the maintenance of the cell cycle arrest in the sensitive cells. Resistance in the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 cells may therefore involve the regulation of ERCC1 and RAD51B independent of their roles in DNA repair. The novel mechanism of platinum resistance in the H69CIS200 and H69OX400 cells demonstrates the multifactorial nature of platinum resistance which can occur independently of alterations in DNA repair capacity and changes in ERCC1
Semantics-based selection of everyday concepts in visual lifelogging

Concept-based indexing, based on identifying various semantic concepts appearing in multimedia, is an attractive option for multimedia retrieval and much research tries to bridge the semantic gap between the media’s low-level features and high-level semantics. Research into concept-based multimedia retrieval has generally focused on detecting concepts from high quality media such as broadcast TV or movies, but it is not well addressed in other domains like lifelogging where the original data is captured with poorer quality. We argue that in noisy domains such as lifelogging, the management of data needs to include semantic reasoning in order to deduce a set of concepts to represent lifelog content for applications like searching, browsing or summarisation. Using semantic concepts to manage lifelog data relies on the fusion of automatically-detected concepts to provide a better understanding of the lifelog data. In this paper, we investigate the selection of semantic concepts for lifelogging which includes reasoning on semantic networks using a density-based approach. In a series of experiments we compare different semantic reasoning approaches and the experimental evaluations we report on lifelog data show the efficacy of our approach
Analytical solution for an orthotropic elastic plate containing cracks13;

The problem of estimating the bending stress distribution in the neighborhood of a crack located on a single line in an orthotropic elastic plate of constant thickness subjected to bending moment or twisting moment is examined. Using classical plate theory and integral transform techniques,13; the general formulae for the bending moment and twisting moment in an elastic plate containing cracks located on a single line are derived. The solution is obtained in a closed form for the case in which there is a single crack in an infinite plate and the results are compared with those13; obtained from the literature.13
Field validation of radon monitoring as a screening methodology for NAPL-contaminated sites

Screening methodologies aim at improving knowledge about subsurface contamination processes before expensive intrusive operations, i.e. drilling and core-sampling, well installation and development, sampling of groundwater and free-phase product, are implemented. Blind field tests carried out at a hydrocarbon storage and distribution center in NE Spain suggest that Rn monitoring can be effectively used to locate the boundaries of subsurface accumulations of NAPLs. Sixty seven measurements of Rn in soil air were performed with a SARAD RTM 2100 current-ionization alpha-particle spectrometer following a 10 m square grid. Reductions of 222Rn concentration above a pool of LNAPL due to the preferential partition of Rn into the organic phase were spatially analyzed and resolved to yield the surface contour of the NAPL source zone. This surface trace of the source zone agreed well with the extent and situation inferred from measurements of free-phase thickness taken at eight monitoring wells at the site. Moreover, the good repeatability (as measured by replicate measurements at the same sampling point) and spatial resolution of the technique suggest that the boundaries of the plume can be delineated at the sub-decametre level
Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and the Wage Distribution: A CGE Analysis of Three EU Regions

The paper uses a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to analyse the effects of immigration on three small remote EU regions located within Scotland, Greece and Latvia.  Two migration scenarios are assessed. In the first, total labour supply is affected.  In the second, the importance of migratory flows by differential labour skill types is investigated.  The results indicate significant differences in the extent to which regional economies are affected by immigration.  They also suggest that remote regions are highly vulnerable to the out-migration of skilled workers (‘brain-drain’) while the in-migration of unskilled workers leads to widening wage inequality.
A case of Os odontoideum in the palaeopathological record

Os odontoideum is an uncommon abnormality of the second cervical vertebra, the aetiology of which is contentious. Whether congenital or acquired, the condition often results in atlantoaxial instability and subsequent compression of cervical cord or vertebrobasilar vessels. The bioarchaeological study of a medieval sample from the Christian necropolis of Cacela Velha (Algarve, southern Portugal) provided the opportunity to describe one of the first cases of this rare anomaly ever reported in the palaeopathological record. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.91
13C MRS: An outstanding tool for metabolic studies

We provide an overview of 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods and their applications as an established metabolic tool with an emphasis on the use of high-resolution 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 13C isotopomer analysis. Topics addressed include general properties of the 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectrum; different 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy acquisition protocols; determination of fractional 13C enrichment, kinetic, or steady state measurements of metabolic flux; 13C isotopomer analysis approaches; 13C(2H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodologies; and in vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Some illustrative applications are described. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 27A: 1-16, 2005.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.a.2003
The Rates of SN2 Reactions and Their Relation to Molecular and Solvent Properties

The energy barriers of symmetrical methyl exchanges in the gas phase have been calculated with the reaction path of the intersecting/interacting-state model (ISM). Reactive bond lengths increase down a column of the Periodic Table and compensate for the decrease in the force constants, which explains the near constancy of the intrinsic barriers in the following series of nucleophiles: F-&ap;Cl-&ap;Br-&ap;I-. This compensation is absent along the rows of the Periodic Table and the trend in the reactivity is dominated by the increase in the electrophilicity index of the nucleophile in the series C<N<O<F. Solvent effects have been quantitatively incorporated into the ISM model through a correlation between electrophilicity and the solvent acceptor number. This correlation is transferable between nucleophiles and solvents and allows the methyl transfer rate constants in solution to be calculated with remarkable simplicity and accuracy. The relationship between the SN2 and electron-transfer mechanisms is clarified and it is shown that smaller solvent static effects should be expected for electron transfer in the absence of a thermodynamic driving force.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.20070027
Ocular injectable formulation assessment for oxidized dextran-based hydrogels

Initiator-free injectable hydrogels are very interesting for drug and/or cell delivery applications, since they can be administered in a minimally invasive way, and avoid the use of potentially harmful chemical initiators. In the current work, oxidized dextran crosslinked with adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogels were further characterized and tuned to produce formulations, with the aim of producing an injectable formulation for the possible treatment of posterior eye diseases. The gelation rate and the hydrogel dissolution profile were shown to be dependent on the balance between the degree of dextran oxidation, and the concentration of both components. For the in vitro studies, rabbit corneal endothelial cells were seeded on the hydrogels to assess cytotoxicity. Hydrogels prepared with low oxidized dextrans were able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation to confluence in just 24 h, while more highly oxidized samples promoted cell adhesion and proliferation, but without achieving confluence. Cell viability studies were performed using MTS assays to verify the non-cytotoxicity of hydrogels and their degradation byproducts, rendering these formulations attractive for further in vivo studies.Instituto de Investigação Interdisciplinar (financial support of JM – III/BIO/20/2005); Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (in the form of fellowship to IJC -
SFRH/BPD/19776/2004
Developing online reading comprehension: changes, challenges and consequences

This chapter explores how the changing nature of literacy in an online environment impacts on the development of students’ online reading comprehension and information-seeking skills and strategies. It seeks to address the challenges presented for students in twenty-first century classroom communities when conducting information searches online. Further, it explores the challenges for classroom teachers in adopting new pedagogies to accommodate a new literacies curriculum. Following this, some of the consequences for classroom curriculum, pedagogies, and conceptual learning with the Internet and other information and communications technologies (ICTs) are presented drawing both on the Dwyer's study and other emerging studies in the field. The study was conducted in three interlinked phases: the baseline phase; reading development and critical web literacy development phase; and the main study phase
Systems Biology and the Integration of Mechanistic Explanation and Mathematical Explanation

The paper discusses how systems biology is working toward complex accounts that integrate explanation in terms of mechanisms and explanation by mathematical models—which some philosophers have viewed as rival models of explanation. Systems biology is an integrative approach, and it strongly relies on mathematical modeling. Philosophical accounts of mechanisms capture integrative in the sense of multilevel and multifield explanations, yet accounts of mechanistic explanation (as the analysis of a whole in terms of its structural parts and their qualitative interactions) have failed to address how a mathematical model could contribute to such explanations. I discuss how mathematical equations can be explanatorily relevant. Several cases from systems biology are discussed to illustrate the interplay between mechanistic research and mathematical modeling, and I point to questions about qualitative phenomena (rather than the explanation of quantitative details), where quantitative models are still indispensable to the explanation. Systems biology shows that a broader philosophical conception of mechanisms is needed, which takes into account functional-dynamical aspects, interaction in complex networks with feedback loops, system-wide functional properties such as distributed functionality and robustness, and a mechanism’s ability to respond to perturbations (beyond its actual operation). I offer general conclusions for philosophical accounts of explanation
Some geometrical methods for constructing contradiction measures on Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets

Trillas et al. (1999, Soft computing, 3 (4), 197–199) and Trillas and Cubillo (1999, On non-contradictory input/output couples in Zadeh's CRI proceeding, 28–32) introduced the study of contradiction in the framework of fuzzy logic because of the significance of avoiding contradictory outputs in inference processes. Later, the study of contradiction in the framework of Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets (A-IFSs) was initiated by Cubillo and Castiñeira (2004, Contradiction in intuitionistic fuzzy sets proceeding, 2180–2186). The axiomatic definition of contradiction measure was stated in Castiñeira and Cubillo (2009, International journal of intelligent systems, 24, 863–888). Likewise, the concept of continuity of these measures was formalized through several axioms. To be precise, they defined continuity when the sets ‘are increasing’, denominated continuity from below, and continuity when the sets ‘are decreasing’, or continuity from above. The aim of this paper is to provide some geometrical construction methods for obtaining contradiction measures in the framework of A-IFSs and to study what continuity properties these measures satisfy. Furthermore, we show the geometrical interpretations motivating the measures
Experimental and modeling analysis of internal luminescence in III-V solar cells

In high quality solar cells, the internal luminescence can be harnessed to enhance the overall performance. Internal confinement of the photons can lead to an increased open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. Alternatively, in multijunction solar cells the photons can be coupled from a higher bandgap junction to a lower bandgap junction for enhanced performance. We model the solar cell as an optical cavity and compare calculated performance characteristics with measurements. We also describe how very high luminescent coupling alleviates the need for top-cell thinning to achieve current-matching
Efficiency increase in carbon dioxide refrigeration technology with parallel compression

In this article, we will review the comparison between a CO2 refrigeration system with a parallel compressor and a conventional carbon dioxide refrigeration machine. In order to carry out the comparison, a numerical model has been generated showing a good correlation to experimental data obtained with a fully instrumented test rig machine. We can determine under which conditions an increase in the energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 10% and more can be expected with a parallel compression system. The results will help users to decide upon economically viable refrigeration systems, depending on the operational conditions of the machine. In usual operating conditions, the achievable increase in the EER by the parallel compressor has been determined; furthermore, it showed that a low evaporation temperature and a high temperature at the outlet of the gas cooler have a positive effect on the parallel compression circuit. With respect to the intermediate pressure, an optimum can be specified at low evaporation temperatures
New mobile service development process

Mobile applications play an ever growing role in everybody’s life around our globe and the leading app stores currently offer more than 2 million different apps each for their users. It is well accepted that the usage context is much more important in the UI and UX design of these apps than when designing desktop applications. It is important to realize that a lot of these apps are part of a mobile service that defines their usage context and the UX of the mobile app is not only determined by the interaction with it but by the value creation of the whole service. We therefore propose in this paper a joint service and app design process that not only optimizes the user interaction with the mobile app but also the UX of the whole service in order to provide an optimal value proposition to the service customer of the mobile service