pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Spin-orbit angle measurements for six southern transiting planets New insights into the dynamical origins of hot Jupiters

Context. Several competing scenarios for planetary-system formation and evolution seek to explain how hot Jupiters came to be so close to their parent stars. Most planetary parameters evolve with time, making it hard to distinguish between models. The obliquity of an orbit with respect to the stellar rotation axis is thought to be more stable than other parameters such as eccentricity. Most planets, to date, appear aligned with the stellar rotation axis; the few misaligned planets so far detected are massive (> 2MJ).\ud
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Aims. Our goal is to measure the degree of alignment between planetary orbits and stellar spin axes, to search for potential correlations with eccentricity or other planetary parameters and to measure long term radial velocity variability indicating the presence of other bodies in the system.\ud
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Methods. For transiting planets, the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect allows the measurement of the sky-projected angle β between the stellar rotation axis and a planet’s orbital axis. Using the HARPS spectrograph, we observed the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for six transiting hot Jupiters found by the WASP consortium. We combine these with long term radial velocity measurements obtained with CORALIE. We used a combined analysis of photometry and radial velocities, fitting model parameters with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. After obtaining β we attempt to statistically determine the distribution of the real spin-orbit angle ψ.\ud
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Results. We found that three of our targets have β above 90°: WASP-2b: , WASP-15b: and WASP-17b: ; the other three (WASP-4b, WASP-5b and WASP-18b) have angles compatible with 0°. We find no dependence between the misaligned angle and planet mass nor with any other planetary parameter. All six orbits are close to circular, with only one firm detection of eccentricity in WASP-18b. No long-term radial acceleration was detected for any of the targets. Combining all previous 20 measurements of β and our six and transforming them into a distribution of ψ we find that between about 45 and 85% of hot Jupiters have ψ > 30°.\ud
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Conclusions. Most hot Jupiters are misaligned, with a large variety of spin-orbit angles. We find observations and predictions using the Kozai mechanism match well. If these observational facts are confirmed in the future, we may then conclude that most hot Jupiters are formed from a dynamical and tidal origin without the necessity to use type I or II migration. At present, standard disc migration cannot explain the observations without invoking at least another additional process.Peer-reviewedPublisher Version4421
The VMC survey I. Strategy and first data

Context. The new VISual and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) has started operations. Over its first five years it will be collecting data for six public surveys, one of which is the near-infrared YJKs VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC). This survey comprises the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Magellanic Bridge connecting the two galaxies and two fields in the Magellanic Stream.\ud
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Aims. This paper provides an overview of the VMC survey strategy and presents first science results. The main goals of the VMC survey are the determination of the spatially-resolved star-formation history and the three-dimensional structure of the Magellanic system. The VMC survey is therefore designed to reach stars as faint as the oldest main sequence turn-off point and to constrain the mean magnitude of pulsating variables such as RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids. This paper focuses on observations of VMC fields in the LMC obtained between November 2009 and March 2010. These observations correspond to a completeness of 7% of the planned LMC fields.\ud
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Methods. The VMC data are comprised of multi-epoch observations which are executed following specific time constraints. The data were reduced using the VISTA Data Flow System pipeline with source catalogues, including astrometric and photometric corrections, produced and made available via the VISTA Science Archive. The VMC data will be released to the astronomical community following the European Southern Observatory’s Public Survey policy. The analysis of the data shows that the sensitivity in each wave band agrees with expectations. Uncertainties and completeness of the data are also derived.\ud
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Results. The first science results, aimed at assessing the scientific quality of the VMC data, include an overview of the distribution of stars in colour–magnitude and colour–colour diagrams, the detection of planetary nebulae and stellar clusters, and the Ks band light-curves of variable stars.\ud
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Conclusions. The VMC survey represents a tremendous improvement, in spatial resolution and sensitivity, on previous panoramic observations of the Magellanic system in the near-infrared, providing a powerful complement to deep observations at other wavelengths.Peer-reviewedPublisher Version4425
Combinatorial representations.

This paper introduces combinatorial representations, which generalise the notion of linear representations of matroids. We show that any family of subsets of the same cardinality has a combinatorial representation via matrices. We then prove that any graph is representable over all alphabets of size larger than some number depending on the graph. We also provide a characterisation of families representable over a given alphabet. Then, we associate a rank function and a closure operator to any representation which help us determine some criteria for the functions used in a representation. While linearly representable matroids can be viewed as having representations via matrices with only one row, we conclude this paper by an investigation of representations via matrices with only two rows
Geographies of energy transition : space, place and the low-carbon economy.

This paper makes a case for examining energy transition as a geographical process, involving the reconfiguration of current patterns and scales of economic and social activity. The paper draws on a seminar series on the ‘Geographies of Energy Transition: security, climate, governance' hosted by the authors between 2009 and 2011, which initiated a dialogue between energy studies and the discipline of human geography. Focussing on the UK Government's policy for a low carbon transition, the paper provides a conceptual language with which to describe and assess the geographical implications of a transition towards low carbon energy. Six concepts are introduced and explained: location, landscape, territoriality, spatial differentiation, scaling, and spatial embeddedness. Examples illustrate how the geographies of a future low-carbon economy are not yet determined and that a range of divergent – and contending – potential geographical futures are in play. More attention to the spaces and places that transition to a low-carbon economy will produce can help better understand what living in a low-carbon economy will be like. It also provides a way to help evaluate the choices and pathways available
The effect of the amount of blocking cue training on blocking of appetitive conditioning in mice.

Conditioning of a target cue is blocked when it occurs in compound with another cue (blocking cue) that has already received conditioning. Although blocking of appetitive conditioning is commonly used in rodents as a test of selective learning, it has been demonstrated rarely in mice. In order to investigate the conditions that result in blocking in mice two studies tested the effect of the extent of prior blocking cue training on blocking of appetitive conditioning. Mice received either 80 or 200 trials of blocking cue training prior to compound conditioning. A control group received only compound training. Experiment 1 assessed the ability of a visual cue to block conditioning to an auditory target cue. Exposure to the context and the unconditioned stimulus, sucrose pellets, was equated across groups. Blocking was evident in mice that received 200, but not 80 training trials with the visual blocking cue. Responding to the blocking cue was similar across groups. Experiment 2 assessed the ability of an auditory cue to block conditioning to a visual target cue. Blocking was evident in mice trained with 80 and 200 auditory blocking cue trials. The results demonstrate that the strength of blocking in mice is dependent on the modality and experience of the blocking cue. Furthermore, prolonged training of the blocking cue after asymptotic levels of conditioned responding have been reached is necessary for blocking to occur under certain conditions suggesting that the strength of conditioned responding is a limited measure of learning
Fugitive emissions of methane from abandoned, decommissioned oil and gas wells.

This study considered the fugitive emissions of methane (CH4) from former oil and gas exploration and production wells drilled to exploit conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs onshore in the UK. This study selected from the 66% of all onshore wells in the UK which appeared to be properly decommissioned (abandoned) that came from 4 different basins and were between 8 and 79 years old. The soil gas above each well was analysed and assessed relative to a nearby control site of similar land use and soil type. The results showed that of the 102 wells considered 30% had soil gas CH4 at the soil surface that was significantly greater than their respective control. Conversely, 39% of well sites had significant lower surface soil gas CH4 concentrations than their respective control. We interpret elevated soil gas CH4 concentrations to be the result of well integrity failure, but do not know the source of the gas nor the route to the surface. Where elevated CH4 was detected it appears to have occurred within a decade of it being drilled. The flux of CH4 from wells was 364 ± 677 kg CO2eq/well/year with a 27% chance that the well would have a negative flux to the atmosphere independent of well age. This flux is low relative to the activity commonly used on decommissioned well sites (e.g. sheep grazing), however, fluxes from wells that have not been appropriately decommissioned would be expected to be higher
Trajectories and predictors of state and trait anxiety in patients receiving chemotherapy for breast and colorectal cancer: results from a longitudinal study

Purpose To examine the trajectories and predictors of state and trait anxiety in patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast or colorectal cancer. Methods Secondary analysis of data collected as part of a large multi-site longitudinal study. Patients with breast or colorectal cancer completed validated scales assessing their state and trait anxiety levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and symptom burden (Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) at the beginning of each chemotherapy cycle. Longitudinal mixed model analyses were performed to test changes of trait and state anxiety over time and the predictive value of symptom burden and patients’ demographic (age, gender) and clinical characteristics (cancer type, stage, comorbidities, ECOG performance status)Results Data from 137 patients with breast (60%) or colorectal cancer (40%) were analysed. Linear time effects were found for both state (χ 2=46.3 [df=3]; p<0.001) and trait anxiety (χ 2=17.708 [df=3]; p=0.001), with anxiety levels being higher at baseline and gradually decreasing over the course of chemotherapy. Symptom burden (β=0.21; SD=0.06; p=0.001) predicted state anxiety throughout treatment, but this effect disappeared when accounting for trait anxiety scores before the start of chemotherapy (β=0.85; SD=0.05; p<0.001). Patients’ baseline trait anxiety was the only significant predictor of anxiety throughout treatment. Conclusions Changes in the generally stable characteristic of trait anxiety indicate the profoundly life-altering nature of chemotherapy. The time point before the start of chemotherapy was identified as the most anxiety-provoking, calling for interventions to be delivered as early as possible in the treatment trajectory. Patients with high trait anxiety and symptom burden may benefit from additional support
Better movers and thinkers (BMT) : a quasi-experimental study into the impact of physical education on children's cognition-a study protocol

This study will extend on a pilot study and will evaluate the impact of a novel approach to PE, Better Movers and Thinkers (BMT), on students' cognition, physical activity habits, and gross motor coordination (GMC). The study will involve six mainstream state schools with students aged 9-11. years. Three schools will be allocated as the intervention condition and three as the control condition. The design of the study is a 16-week intervention with pre-, post- and 6. month follow-up measurements taken using the 'Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)' GMC tests, and the 'Physical Activity Habits Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C).' Qualitative data will be gathered using student focus groups and class teacher interviews in each of the six schools. ANCOVA will be used to evaluate any effect of intervention comparing pre-test scores with post-test scores and then pre-test scores with 6. month follow-up scores. Qualitative data will be analysed through an iterative process using grounded theory. This protocol provides the details of the rationale and design of the study and details of the intervention, outcome measures, and the recruitment process. The study will address gaps within current research by evaluating if a change of approach in the delivery of PE within schools has an effect on children's cognition, PA habits, and GMC within a Scottish setting
Collapse of the low temperature insulating state in Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$
  thin films

We have grown epitaxial Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$ thin films with Cr concentrations
between $0$ and $20\%$ on $(0001)$-Al$_2$O$_3$ by oxygen-assisted molecular
beam epitaxy. For the highly doped samples (> $3\%$), a regular and monotonous
increase of the resistance with decreasing temperature is measured. Strikingly,
in the low doping samples (between $1\%$ and $3\%$), a collapse of the
insulating state is observed with a reduction of the low temperature
resistivity by up to 5 orders of magnitude. A vacuum annealing at high
temperature of the films recovers the low temperature insulating state for
doping levels below $3\%$ and increases the room temperature resistivity
towards the values of Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$ single crystals. It is well-know that
oxygen excess stabilizes a metallic state in V$_2$O$_3$ single crystals. Hence,
we propose that Cr doping promotes oxygen excess in our films during deposition
leading to the collapse of the low temperature insulating state at low Cr
concentrations. These results suggest that slightly Cr-doped V$_2$O$_3$ films
can be interesting candidates for field effect devices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Supersymmetric analogue of BC_N type rational integrable models with
  polarized spin reversal operators

We derive the exact spectra as well as partition functions for a class of
$BC_N$ type of spin Calogero models, whose Hamiltonians are constructed by
using supersymmetric analogues of polarized spin reversal operators (SAPSRO).
The strong coupling limit of these spin Calogero models yields $BC_N$ type of
Polychronakos-Frahm (PF) spin chains with SAPSRO. By applying the freezing
trick, we obtain an exact expression for the partition functions of such PF
spin chains. We also derive a formula which expresses the partition function of
any $BC_N$ type of PF spin chain with SAPSRO in terms of partition functions of
several $A_K$ type of supersymmetric PF spin chains, where $K\leq N-1$.
Subsequently we show that an extended boson-fermion duality relation is obeyed
by the partition functions of the $BC_N$ type of PF chains with SAPSRO. Some
spectral properties of these spin chains, like level density distribution and
nearest neighbour spacing distribution, are also studied.Comment: 36 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
  arXiv:1402.275
Complex suppression patterns distinguish between major energy loss
  effects in Quark-Gluon Plasma

Interactions of high momentum partons with Quark-Gluon Plasma created in
relativistic heavy-ion collisions provide an excellent tomography tool for this
new form of matter. Recent measurements for charged hadrons and unidentified
jets at the LHC show an unexpected flattening of the suppression curves at high
momentum, exhibited when either momentum or the collision centrality is
changed. Furthermore, a limited data available for B probes indicate a
qualitatively different pattern, as nearly the same flattening is exhibited for
the curves corresponding to two opposite momentum ranges. We here show that the
experimentally measured suppression curves are well reproduced by our
theoretical predictions, and that the complex suppression patterns are due to
an interplay of collisional, radiative energy loss and the dead-cone effect.
Furthermore, for B mesons, we predict that the uniform flattening of the
suppression indicated by the limited dataset is in fact valid across the entire
span of the momentum ranges, which will be tested by the upcoming experiments.
Overall, the study presented here, provides a rare opportunity for pQCD theory
to qualitatively distinguish between the major energy loss mechanisms at the
same (nonintuitive) dataset.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Parameter fitting in three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with various
  regularizations

We study the three-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with various
regularization procedures. We perform parameter fitting in each regularization
and apply the obtained parameter sets to evaluate various physical quantities,
several light meson masses, decay constant and the topological susceptibility.
The model parameters are adopted even at very high cutoff scale compare to the
hadronic scale to study the asymptotic behavior of the model. It is found that
all the regularization methods except for the dimensional one actually lead
reliable physical predictions for the kaon decay constant, sigma meson mass and
topological susceptibility without restricting the ultra-violet cutoff below
the hadronic scale.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure
Lengths of words in transformation semigroups generated by digraphs

Given a simple digraph $D$ on $n$ vertices (with $n\ge2$), there is a natural
construction of a semigroup $\langle D\rangle$ associated with $D$. For any
edge $(a,b)$ of $D$, let $a\to b$ be the idempotent of defect $1$ mapping $a$
to $b$ and fixing all vertices other than $a$; then define $\langle D\rangle$
to be the semigroup $\langle a\to b:(a,b)\in E(D)\rangle$. For $\alpha \in
\langle D \rangle$, let $\ell(D,\alpha)$ be the minimal length of a word in
$E(D)$ expressing $\alpha$. When $D=K_n$ is the complete undirected graph,
Howie and Iwahori, independently, obtained a formula to calculate
$\ell(K_n,\alpha)$, for any $\alpha \in \langle K_n \rangle = \text{Sing}_n$;
however, no analogous nontrivial results are known when $D \neq K_n$. In this
paper, we characterise all simple digraphs $D$ such that either
$\ell(D,\alpha)$ is equal to Howie-Iwahori's formula for all $\alpha \in
\langle D \rangle$, or $\ell(D,\alpha) = n - \text{fix}(\alpha)$ for all
$\alpha \in \langle D \rangle$, or $\ell(D,\alpha) = n - \text{rk}(\alpha)$ for
all $\alpha \in \langle D \rangle$. When $D$ is an acyclic digraph and $\alpha
\in \langle D \rangle$, we find a tight upper bound for $\ell(D,\alpha)$.
Finally, we study the case when $D$ is a strong tournament (which corresponds
to a smallest generating set of idempotents of defect $1$ of $\text{Sing}_n$),
and we propose some conjectures.Comment: 17 page
Photoionization models of the CALIFA HII regions. I. Hybrid models

Photoionization models of HII regions require as input a description of the
ionizing SED and of the gas distribution, in terms of ionization parameter U
and chemical abundances (e.g. O/H and N/O). A strong degeneracy exists between
the hardness of the SED and U, which in turn leads to high uncertainties in the
determination of the other parameters, including abundances. One way to resolve
the degeneracy is to fix one of the parameters using additional information.
  For each of the ~ 20000 sources of the CALIFA HII regions catalog, a grid of
photoionization models is computed assuming the ionizing SED being described by
the underlying stellar population obtained from spectral synthesis modeling.
The ionizing SED is then defined as the sum of various stellar bursts of
different ages and metallicities. This solves the degeneracy between the shape
of the ionizing SED and U. The nebular metallicity (associated to O/H) is
defined using the classical strong line method O3N2 (which gives to our models
the status of "hybrids"). The remaining free parameters are the abundance ratio
N/O and the ionization parameter U, which are determined by looking for the
model fitting [NII]/Ha and [OIII]/Hb. The models are also selected to fit
[OII]/Hb. This process leads to a set of ~ 3200 models that reproduce
simultaneously the three observations.
  We find that the regions associated to young stellar bursts suffer leaking of
the ionizing photons, the proportion of escaping photons having a median of
80\%. The set of photoionization models satisfactorily reproduces the electron
temperature derived from the [OIII]4363/5007 line ratio. We determine new
relations between the ionization parameter U and the [OII]/[OIII] or
[SII]/[SIII] line ratios. New relations between N/O and O/H and between U and
O/H are also determined.
  All the models are publicly available on the 3MdB database.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay and low scale leptogenesis

The extension of the Standard Model by right handed neutrinos with masses in
the GeV range can simultaneously explain the observed neutrino masses via the
seesaw mechanism and the baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. It
has previously been claimed that the requirement for successful baryogenesis
implies that the rate of neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay in this scenario is
always smaller than the standard prediction from light neutrino exchange alone.
In contrast, we find that the rate for this process can also be enhanced due to
a dominant contribution from heavy neutrino exchange. In a small part of the
parameter space it even exceeds the current experimental limit, while the
properties of the heavy neutrinos are consistent with all other experimental
constraints and the observed baryon asymmetry is reproduced. This implies that
neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay experiments have already started to rule out
part of the leptogenesis parameter space that is not constrained by any other
experiment, and the lepton number violation that is responsible for the origin
of baryonic matter in the universe may be observed in the near future.Comment: Discussion extended, figures added; 16 pages, 5 figures; identical to
  published version up to minor text correction