pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Candidiasis : predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment

Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic yeast infection. Candida species and other microorganisms are involved in this complicated fungal infection, but Candida albicans continues to be the most prevalent. In the past two decades, it has been observed an abnormal overgrowth in the gastrointestinal, urinary and respiratory tracts, not only in immunocompromised patients, but also related to nosocomial infections and even in healthy individuals. There is a widely variety of causal factors that contribute to yeast infection which means that candidiasis is a good example of a multifactorial syndrome. Due to rapid increase in the incidence in these infections, this is the subject of numerous studies. Recently, the focus of attention is the treatment and, above all, the prevention of those complications. The diagnosis of candidiasis could become quite complicated. Prevention is the most effective “treatment,” much more than eradication of the yeast with antifungal agents. There are several aspects to consider in the daily routine that can provide a strength protection. However, a therapeutic approach is necessary when the infection is established, and therefore, other alternatives should be explored. This review provides an overview on predisposition factors, prevention and diagnosis of candidiasis, highlighting alternative approaches for candidiasis treatment.The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for N. Martins grant (SFRH/BD/87658/2012), L. Barros researcher contract under "Programa Compromisso com Ciencia-2008'' and financial support to the research center CIMO (strategic project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011)
Search for new phenomena in the WW to ℓνℓ' ν' final state in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports a search for a heavy particle that decays to W W using events produced in pp
collisions at √s = 7 TeV. The data were recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector and correspond to
an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1. W W →  ν 
ν ( ,  = e or μ) final states are considered and the
distribution of the transverse mass of the W W candidates is found to be consistent with Standard Model
expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio into W boson pairs are
set for Randall–Sundrum and bulk Randall–Sundrum gravitons, which result in observed 95% CL lower
limits on the masses of the two particles of 1.23 TeV and 0.84 TeV, respectively.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhl, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Search for W'→tb- in the lepton plus jets final state in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for new charged massive gauge bosons, called W′, is performed with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s√ = 8 TeV, using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb−1. This analysis searches for W′ bosons in the W′→tb¯ decay channel in final states with electrons or muons, using a multivariate method based on boosted decision trees. The search covers masses between 0.5 and 3.0 TeV, for right-handed or left-handed W′ bosons. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed and limits are set on the W′→tb¯ cross-section times branching ratio and on the W′-boson effective couplings as a function of the W′-boson mass using the CLs procedure. For a left-handed (right-handed) W′ boson, masses below 1.70 (1.92) TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET, ERC and NSRF, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT and NSRF, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; BRF and RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America
Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980 : a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants

Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. 
Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. 
Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-7.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target. 
Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults affected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries
Cross-border mergers and acquisitions and default risk

We examine the impact of cross-border mergers on acquirers' post-merger default risk using a sample of 375 US acquiring firms from 1997 to 2011. After controlling for cultural, institutional, geographic and managerial factors between the US and target firm countries, we find that on average, cross-border transactions decrease the level of default risk of the acquiring firms. Our results are consistent with the asymmetric information hypothesis that managers take advantage of the overvaluation and volatility of their stock prices. We also observe that the geographic distance and industrial relatedness play significant roles in affecting post-merger default risk but find limited evidence indicating the relevance of institutional environments and cultural factors on changes in default risk. Managers use cross-border mergers to manage the extant risk of their firms. However, their incentives to use cross-border mergers to manage risk are mitigated by option compensation
Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at √=7 and 8 TeV

Journal of High Energy Physics 2013.6 (2013): 081 reproduced by permission of Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA detailed description is reported of the analysis used by the CMS Collaboration in the search for the standard model Higgs boson in pp collisions at the LHC, which led to the observation of a new boson. The data sample corresponds to integrated luminosities up to 5.1 fb-1 at √=7 TeV, and up to 5.3 fb-1 at √ s=8 TeV. The results for five Higgs boson decay modes γγ, ZZ, WW, ττ, and bb, which show a combined local significance of 5 standard deviations near 125 GeV, are reviewed. A fit to the invariant mass of the two high resolution channels, γγ and ZZ → 4ℓ, gives a mass estimate of 125.3 ± 0.4 (stat.) ± 0.5 (syst.) GeV. The measurements are interpreted in the context of the standard model Lagrangian for the scalar Higgs field interacting with fermions and vector bosons. The measured values of the corresponding couplings are compared to the standard model predictions. The hypothesis of custodial symmetry is tested through the measurement of the ratio of the couplings to the W and Z bosons. All the results are consistent, within their uncertainties, with the expectations for a standard model Higgs boso
Search for FCNC single top-quark production at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAMA search for the production of single top-quarks via flavour-changing neutral-currents is presented. Data collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb−1, are used. Candidate events with a semileptonic top-quark decay signature are classified as signal- or background-like events by using several kinematic variables as input to a neural network. No signal is observed in the neural network output distribution and a Bayesian upper limit is placed on the production cross-section. The observed upper limit at 95% confidence level on the cross-section multiplied by the t → W b branching fraction is measured to be σqg→t × B(t → W b) < 3.9 pb. This upper limit is converted using a model-independent approach into upper limits on the coupling strengths κugt/Λ < 6.9 · 10−3 TeV−1 and κcgt/Λ < 1.6 · 10−2 TeV−1, where Λ is the new physics scale, and on the branching fractions B(t → ug) < 5.7 · 10−5 and B(t → cg) < 2.7 · 10−4We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; EPLANET and ERC, European Union; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNAS, Georgia; BMBF, DFG, HGF, MPG and AvH Foundation, Germany; GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; MERYS (MECTS), Romania; MES of Russia and ROSATOM, Russian Federation; JINR; MSTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MVZT, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SER, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSC, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United State
Panorama actual de la investigación europea sobre el bienestar en el área de salud mental

As part of A Roadmap for Mental Health Research in Europe project, the aim of the
present study was to perform a systematic mapping of the main publications in peer-reviewed
journals for well-being research within the area of mental health or mental disorders in Europe.
The PubMed and PsycINFO databases were used to identify papers on well-being within the area
of mental health and mental disorders published from January 2007 to September 2014. Mean
5-year impact factors were obtained. The number of publications for each country was analysed
by population size and gross domestic product (GDP). A total of 4,423 unique publications
were identified. The number of publications increased for the analysed time period. France
and the Netherlands had the highest 5-year mean impact factor. Publications per capita were
higher in the Nordic countries, Ireland and the Netherlands. After adjusting for GPD, the most
productive countries were the Nordic countries and the Netherlands. There is a marked variation
in well-being publications by country in Europe. Eastern European countries produce little
research taking into consideration the levels of resources available. Research on older adults
was underrepresented and should be prioritisedComo parte del proyecto ‘‘Una Hoja de Ruta para la Investigación en Salud Mental en
Europa’’, el objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un mapeo sistemático de las principales
publicaciones sobre bienestar en el área de salud mental y trastornos mentales en Europa. Se
utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed y PsycINFO para identificar los artículos publicados entre
Enero de 2007 y Septiembre de 2014. Se obtuvieron factores de impacto medio en cinco a˜nos.
El número de publicaciones para cada país se analizó por tama˜no de la población y producto
interior bruto (PIB). Se identificó un total de 4.423 publicaciones. El número de publicaciones
fue en aumento durante el periodo de tiempo analizado. Francia y Holanda presentaron el
mayor factor de impacto medio en cinco a˜nos. El número de publicaciones por habitante fue
más elevado en los países nórdicos, Irlanda y Holanda. Al controlar por PIB, los países más
productivos fueron los países nórdicos y Holanda. Existe una marcada variación por país en las
publicaciones sobre bienestar en Europa. Los países del este de Europa producen escasa investigación,
teniendo en cuenta los niveles de recursos disponibles. La investigación en personas
mayores estuvo infrarrepresentada y debería ser una prioridadThis work was supported by the European Community’s
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-HEALTH) under grant
282586 (ROAMER); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation’s
ACI-Promociona under grant ACI-2011-1080; and the
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
(CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos II
Search for neutral MSSM Higgs bosons decaying to τ+τ- pairs in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for neutral Higgs bosons decaying to pairs of tau leptons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The analysis is based on proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, recorded in 2010 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). After signal selection, 276 events are observed in this data sample. The observed number of events is consistent with the total expected background of 269 +/- 36 events. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are derived for the production cross section of a generic Higgs boson phi as a function of the Higgs boson mass and for A/H/h production in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) as a function of the parameters m(A) and tan beta
Structural Modifications Leading to Changes in Supramolecular Aggregation of Thiazolo[3, 2-A]Pyrimidines: Insights into their Conformational Features

The compounds, 7-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (1), 3-amino-2-cyano-7-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), 2-dimethylaminomethylene-7-methyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine- 6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (3), 2-(3-cyano-benzylidene)-5-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2,3- dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester; with N,N-dimethyl-formamide (4) and 3-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-7-methyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6- carboxylic acid methyl ester (5) have been synthesized and their structures evaluated crystallographically. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P¯i with Z=8, with four molecules in the asymmetric unit. Compound 2 also crystallizes in the space group P¯i with Z=4 wherein asymmetric unit accommodates two molecules. Compound 3 belongs to P21/c with Z=4, compound 4 crystallizes in Pbc21 with Z= 4 and compound 5 belongs to P¯i with Z=2. In all the above compounds, the aryl ring positioned at C5 of thiazolopyrimidine ring is almost perpendicular. In the case of compounds with substituted phenyl ring, aryl group-up conformation predominates. However, for compounds with unsubstituted phenyl ring, aryl group-down conformation is adopted. By varying the substituents at positions C2, C3, C6 and on the aryl at C5 in the main molecular scaffold of (1-5), we have observed significant differences in the intermolecular interaction patterns. The packing features of the compounds are controlled by C-H…O, C-H…N, N-H…N O-H…N, C-H…p and p…p weak interactions
Effect of Sm3+ substitution on structural and magnetic investigation of nano sized Mn-​Sm-​Zn ferrites

Nano size Mn0.4Zn0.6SmxFe2-​xO4 (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) ferrites were prepd. by soln. combustion method.  The structural and magnetic properties of samples were characterised by X-​ray diffractometer, Fourier transform IR spectrometer, transmission electron micrographs and magnetic properties at room temp.  The X-​ray diffraction patterns and two prominent absorption bands in the frequency range 375-​589 cm-​1 confirmed the single phase with spinel cubic structure.  The av. nano crystallite sizes were in best agreements with transmission electron microscope images.  Magnetic studies revealed the narrow hysteresis loops of ferrimagnetic nature at room temp.  The values of satn. magnetization (Ms)​, remanence magnetization (Mr)​, coercivity (Hc)​, remanence ratio (Mr/Ms)​, magneton no., anisotropy const. and Yaffet-​Kittle angle decreased with the increase in Sm3+ ion concn. was attributed to relative no. of ferric ions on the tetrahedral sites diminished and reduced the Sm-​Fe interaction
AGN-Host Connection at 0.5 < z < 2.5: A rapid evolution of AGN fraction
  in red galaxies during the last 10 Gyr

We explore the dependence of the incidence of moderate-luminosity ($L_{X} =
10^{41.9-43.7}$ erg s$^{-1}$) AGNs and the distribution of their accretion
rates on host color at 0.5 < z < 2.5, using deep X-ray data in GOODS fields. We
use extinction-corrected rest-frame U-V colors to divide both AGN hosts and
non-AGN galaxies into red sequence (quiescent), green valley (transition), and
blue cloud (star-forming) populations. We find that both the AGN fraction at
fixed stellar mass and its evolution with redshift are dependent on host
colors. Most notably, red galaxies have the lowest AGN fraction (~5\%) at z~1
yet with most rapid redshift evolution, increasing by a factor of 5 (~24\%) at
z~2. Green galaxies exhibit the highest AGN fraction across all redshifts,
which is most pronounced at z~2 with more than half of them hosting an AGN at
$M_{*} > 10^{10.6} M_{\odot}$. Together with the high AGN fraction in red
galaxies at z~2, this indicates that X-ray AGNs could be important in both
transforming blue galaxies into red ones and subsequently maintaining their
quiescence at high redshift. Furthermore, consistent with low-redshift studies,
we find that the probability of hosting an AGN in the total galaxy population
can be characterized by a universal Eddington ratio ($p(\lambda_{Edd}) \sim
\lambda_{Edd}^{-0.4}$) and a moderate redshift evolution. Yet consistent with
their different AGN fractions, different populations appear to also have
different $p(\lambda_{Edd})$ with red galaxies exhibiting more rapid redshift
evolution than green and blue ones. Evidence for a steeper power law of
$p(\lambda_{Edd})$ in red galaxies is also presented, though larger samples are
needed to confirm. These results suggest that the AGN accretion or the growth
of supermassive black holes is related to their host properties, and may also
influence their hosts in a different mode dependent on the host color.Comment: A&A, in pres
The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies.

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies