pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The disordered Fermi-liquid fixed point and its instabilities

The concept of a disordered Fermi-liquid fixed point is introduced and used
to understand various properties of disordered metals within a unifying
framework. Corrections to scaling near this fixed point give what are commonly
called weak-localization effects. Various instabilities of the disordered
Fermi-liquid phase are discussed. These include two distinct types of
superconducting-to-normal-metal quantum phase transitions. First, the quantum
phase transition from a disordered metal to a conventional superconductor in
bulk materials is considered. Second, a quantum phase transition in two
dimensions from metallic-like behavior to a novel type of disorder induced,
spin-triplet, even parity, superconductivity is treated. The paper is concluded
with a discussion of the nature of the ground state of two-dimensional,
disordered electron systems.Comment: 10 pp., LaTeX, no figs., requires annalen.cls (included), Invited
  contribution to Localisation 99, final version as publishe
Comparing fragmentation of strange quark in Z decays and K+p reactions

The ratios of the production rates K*(892)/K, phi/K, rho^0/pi, omega/pi,
Delta^{++}/p, Sigma+(1385)/Lambda, Xi^-/Lambda and their x_p dependences
obtained from results of the LEP and SLD experiments in Z hadronic decays are
analysed. The corresponding ratios for promptly produced mesons are estimated
at x_p -> 1. A comparison of the LEP results with those from the Mirabelle and
BEBC K+p experiments at 32 and 70 GeV/c shows striking similarity in
fragmentation of the strange valence quark of the incident K+ and strange
quarks produced in Z decays. The JETSET model describes the LEP, Mirabelle and
BEBC results. The model of Pei is consistent with the data for mesons, but
presumably underestimates the fractions of primary octet baryons. The quark
combinatorics model of Anisovich et al.is incompatible with the data.Comment: tex and sty files and 6 eps-figure
Probing the extent of the non-thermal emission from the Vela X region at
  TeV energies with H.E.S.S

Vela X is a region of extended radio emission in the western part of the Vela
constellation: one of the nearest pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe), and associated
with the energetic Vela pulsar (PSR B0833-45). Extended very-high-energy (VHE)
$\gamma$-ray emission (HESS $\mathrm{J0835\mhyphen 455}$) was discovered using
the H.E.S.S. experiment in 2004. The VHE $\gamma$-ray emission was found to be
coincident with a region of X-ray emission discovered with ${\it ROSAT}$ above
1.5 keV (the so-called \textit{Vela X cocoon}): a filamentary structure
extending southwest from the pulsar to the centre of Vela X. A deeper
observation of the entire Vela X nebula region, also including larger offsets
from the cocoon, has been performed with H.E.S.S. This re-observation was
carried out in order to probe the extent of the non-thermal emission from the
Vela X region at TeV energies and to investigate its spectral properties. In
order to increase the sensitivity to the faint $\gamma$-ray emission from the
very extended Vela X region, a multivariate analysis method combining three
complementary reconstruction techniques of Cherenkov-shower images is applied
for the selection of $\gamma$-ray events. The analysis is performed with the
On/Off background method, which estimates the background from separate
observations pointing away from Vela X; towards regions free of $\gamma$-ray
sources but with comparable observation conditions. The $\gamma$-ray surface
brightness over the large Vela X region reveals that the detection of
non-thermal VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from the PWN HESS $\mathrm{J0835\mhyphen
455}$ is statistically significant over a region of radius 1.2$^{\circ}$ around
the position $\alpha$ = 08$^{\mathrm{h}}$ 35$^{\mathrm{m}}$ 00$^{\mathrm{s}}$,
$\delta$ = -45$^{\circ}$ 36$^{\mathrm{\prime}}$
00$^{\mathrm{\prime}\mathrm{\prime}}$ (J2000)
Four Leptons Production in $e^-$ $e^+$ Collisions from 3-3-1 Model

We study the process $e^- + e^+ \to e^+ + e^+ + e^- + e^-$ for ILC and CLIC
energy regimes, in the minimal 3-3-1 model framework. The main contributions,
for the production of two bileptons each one decaying into two same-sign
leptons, come from s-channel annihilation ({\it via} $\gamma, Z$ and
${Z^\prime}$) and t-channel electron exchange.
  We evaluate the number of events for an extra neutral gauge boson mass
$M_{{Z^\prime}}$ in the range 1 TeV to 3 TeV. We compare some distributions
from 3-3-1 model with the Standard Model background in order to extract a
possible signature of the contribution of bilepton and ${Z^\prime}$ for the
process. From our analysis we conclude that our results give clear signals for
physics beyond the Standard Model in e$^-$ e$^+$ colliders.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures and 1 tabl
Kinetic approaches to lactose operon induction and bimodality

The quasi-equilibrium approximation is acceptable when molecular interactions
are fast enough compared to circuit dynamics, but is no longer allowed when
cellular activities are governed by rare events. A typical example is the
lactose operon (lac), one of the most famous paradigms of transcription
regulation, for which several theories still coexist to describe its behaviors.
The lac system is generally analyzed by using equilibrium constants,
contradicting single-event hypotheses long suggested by Novick and Weiner
(1957). Enzyme induction as an all-or-none phenomenon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
USA 43, 553-566) and recently refined in the study of (Choi et al., 2008. A
stochastic single-molecule event triggers phenotype switching of a bacterial
cell. Science 322, 442-446). In the present report, a lac repressor
(LacI)-mediated DNA immunoprecipitation experiment reveals that the natural
LacI-lac DNA complex built in vivo is extremely tight and long-lived compared
to the time scale of lac expression dynamics, which could functionally
disconnect the abortive expression bursts and forbid using the standard modes
of lac bistability. As alternatives, purely kinetic mechanisms are examined for
their capacity to restrict induction through: (i) widely scattered derepression
related to the arrival time variance of a predominantly backward asymmetric
random walk and (ii) an induction threshold arising in a single window of
derepression without recourse to nonlinear multimeric binding and Hill
functions. Considering the complete disengagement of the lac repressor from the
lac promoter as the probabilistic consequence of a transient stepwise
mechanism, is sufficient to explain the sigmoidal lac responses as functions of
time and of inducer concentration. This sigmoidal shape can be misleadingly
interpreted as a phenomenon of equilibrium cooperativity classically used to
explain bistability, but which has been reported to be weak in this system
On the Sutherland Spin Model of B_N Type and its Associated Spin Chain

The B_N hyperbolic Sutherland spin model is expressed in terms of a suitable
set of commuting Dunkl operators. This fact is exploited to derive a complete
family of commuting integrals of motion of the model, thus establishing its
integrability. The Dunkl operators are shown to possess a common flag of
invariant finite-dimensional linear spaces of smooth scalar functions. This
implies that the Hamiltonian of the model preserves a corresponding flag of
smooth spin functions. The discrete spectrum of the restriction of the
Hamiltonian to this spin flag is explicitly computed by triangularization. The
integrability of the hyperbolic Sutherland spin chain of B_N type associated
with the dynamical model is proved using Polychronakos's "freezing trick".Comment: 17 pages, typeset with revtex4 and amsmath. Minor changes only. To
  appear in Commun. Math. Phy
Measurement of W-pair production in $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at 183 GeV

The production of W+W- pairs is analysed in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 182.7 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57 pb-1. Cross sections are given for different topologies of W decays into leptons or hadrons. Under Standard Model assumptions for the W-pair production and decay, the W-pair cross section is measured to be 15.57+-0.62(stat.)+-0.29(syst.) pb. Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lower centre-of-mass energies, the decay branching ratio of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be B(W->hadrons)= 68.93+-1.21(stat.)+-0.51(syst.)%, allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element |Vcs|= 1.043 +- 0.058(stat.) +- 0.026(syst.). The agreement of the cross sections with the Standard Model prediction allows a limit to be set on the W decay rate to undetectable final states.The production of W+W- pairs is analysed in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 182.7 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57 pb-1. Cross sections are given for different topologies of W decays into leptons or hadrons. Under Standard Model assumptions for the W-pair production and decay, the W-pair cross section is measured to be 15.57+-0.62(stat.)+-0.29(syst.) pb. Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lower centre-of-mass energies, the decay branching ratio of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be B(W->hadrons)= 68.93+-1.21(stat.)+-0.51(syst.)%, allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element |Vcs|= 1.043 +- 0.058(stat.) +- 0.026(syst.). The agreement of the cross sections with the Standard Model prediction allows a limit to be set on the W decay rate to undetectable final states.The production of W + W − pairs is analysed in a data sample collected by ALEPH at a mean centre-of-mass energy of 182.7 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 57 pb −1 . Cross sections are given for different topologies of W decays into leptons or hadrons. Under Standard Model assumptions for the W-pair production and decay, the W-pair cross section is measured to be 15.57±0.62 (stat.) ±0.29 (syst.) pb . Using also the W-pair data samples collected by ALEPH at lower centre-of-mass energies, the decay branching ratio of the W boson into hadrons is measured to be B(W→hadrons) =68.93±1.21 (stat.) ±0.51 (syst.) % , allowing a determination of the CKM matrix element |V cs |=1.043±0.058 (stat.) ±0.026 (syst.) . The agreement of the cross sections with the Standard Model prediction allows a limit to be set on the W decay rate to undetectable final states
Quantum Gravity Equation In Schrödinger Form In Minisuperspace Description

We start from classical Hamiltonian constraint of general relativity to obtain the Einstein-Hamiltonian-Jacobi equation. We obtain a time parameter prescription demanding that geometry itself determines the time, not the matter field, such that the time so defined being equivalent to the time that enters into the Schroedinger equation. Without any reference to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and without invoking the expansion of exponent in WKB wavefunction in powers of Planck mass, we obtain an equation for quantum gravity in Schroedinger form containing time. We restrict ourselves to a minisuperspace description. Unlike matter field equation our equation is equivalent to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the sense that our solutions reproduce also the wavefunction of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation provided one evaluates the normalization constant according to the wormhole dominance proposal recently proposed by us
Black Hole Entropy, Special Geometry and Strings

We review work done over the last years on the macroscopic and microscopic entropy of supersymmetric black holes in fourdimensional N=2 supergravity and in N=2 compactifications of string theory and M-theory. Particular emphasis is put on the crucial role of higher curvature terms and of modifications of the area law in obtaining agreement between the macroscopic entropy, which is a geometric property of black hole solutions and the microscopic entropy, which is computed by state counting in Calabi-Yau compactifications of string or M-theory. We also discuss invariance properties of the entropy under stringy T-duality and S-duality transformations in N=2,4 compactifications in presence of higher curvature terms. In order to make the paper self-contained we review the laws of black hole mechanics in higher derivative gravity, the definition of entropy as a surface charge, the superconformal off-shell description of N=2 supergravity, special geometry, and N=2 compactifications of heterotic and type II string theory and of M-theory
One-loop effective potential in ${\cal N}={1/2}$ generic chiral
  superfield model

We obtain the one-loop quantum corrections to the K\"ahlerian and
superpotentials in the generic chiral superfield model on the
nonanticommutative superspace. Unlike all previous works, we use a method which
does not require to rewrite a star-product of superfields in terms of ordinary
products. In the K\"ahlerian potential sector the one-loop contributions are
analogous to ones in the undeformed theory while in the chiral potential sector
the quantum corrections contain a deformation parameter.Comment: LaTeX, 9 pages, Typos correcte
Duality in the Type--II Superstring Effective Action

We derive the T-duality transformations that transform a general d=10
solution of the type-IIA string with one isometry to a solution of the type-IIB
string with one isometry and vice versa. In contrast to other superstring
theories, the T-duality transformations are not related to a non-compact
symmetry of a d=9 supergravity theory. We also discuss S-duality in d=9 and
d=10 and the relationship with eleven-dimensional supergravity theory. We apply
these dualities to generate new solutions of the type IIA and type IIB
superstrings and of eleven-dimensional supergravity.Comment: Latex file. Several missprints in equations, some important and not
  yet corrected in the published version, have now been corrected. No changes
  in main results and conclusions. 43+1 pages, LaTeX fil
Renormalization-group Method for Reduction of Evolution Equations;
  invariant manifolds and envelopes

The renormalization group (RG) method as a powerful tool for reduction of
evolution equations is formulated in terms of the notion of invariant
manifolds. We start with derivation of an exact RG equation which is analogous
to the Wilsonian RG equations in statistical physics and quantum field theory.
It is clarified that the perturbative RG method constructs invariant manifolds
successively as the initial value of evolution equations, thereby the meaning
to set $t_0=t$ is naturally understood where $t_0$ is the arbitrary initial
time. We show that the integral constants in the unperturbative solution
constitutes natural coordinates of the invariant manifold when the linear
operator $A$ in the evolution equation has no Jordan cell; when $A$ has a
Jordan cell, a slight modification is necessary because the dimension of the
invariant manifold is increased by the perturbation. The RG equation determines
the slow motion of the would-be integral constants in the unperturbative
solution on the invariant manifold. We present the mechanical procedure to
construct the perturbative solutions hence the initial values with which the RG
equation gives meaningful results. The underlying structure of the reduction by
the RG method as formulated in the present work turns out to completely fit to
the universal one elucidated by Kuramoto some years ago. We indicate that the
reduction procedure of evolution equations has a good correspondence with the
renormalization procedure in quantum field theory; the counter part of the
universal structure of reduction elucidated by Kuramoto may be the Polchinski's
theorem for renormalizable field theories. We apply the method to interface
dynamics such as kink-anti-kink and soliton-soliton interactions in the latter
of which a linear operator having a Jordan-cell structure appears.Comment: 67 pages. No figures. v2: Additional discussions on the unstable
  motion in the the double-well potential are given in the text and the
  appendix added. Some references are also added. Introduction is somewhat
  reshape
Isomorphisms of Kac-Moody groups which preserve bounded subgroups

A subgroup of a Kac-Moody group is called bounded if it is contained in the
intersection of two finite type parabolic subgroups of opposite signs. In this
paper, we study the isomorphisms between Kac-Moody groups over arbitrary fields
of cardinality at least 4, which preserve the set of bounded subgroups. We show
that such an isomorphism between two such Kac-Moody groups induces an
isomorphism between the respective twin root data of these groups. As a
consequence, we obtain the solution of the isomorphism problem for Kac-Moody
groups over finite fields of cardinality at least 4.Comment: 25 pages, 0 figur
On the dependence of spectroscopic indices of early-type galaxies on age, metallicity and  velocity dispersion.

We investigate the Mg–σ and Fe–σ relations in a sample of 72 early-type galaxies drawn mostly from cluster and group environments using a homogeneous data set which is well calibrated on to the Lick/IDS system. The small intrinsic scatter in Mg at a given σ gives upper limits on the spread in age and metallicity of 49 and 32 per cent respectively, if the spread is attributed to one quantity only, and if the variations in age and metallicity are uncorrelated. The age/metallicity distribution as inferred from the Hβ versus Fe diagnostic diagram reinforces this conclusion, as we find mostly galaxies with large luminosity-weighted ages spanning a range in metallicity. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the galaxy distribution in the Hβ versus Fe plane cannot be reproduced by a model in which galaxy age is the only parameter driving the index–σ relation. In our sample we do not find significant evidence for an anticorrelation of ages and metallicities which would keep the index–σ relations tight while hiding a large spread in age and metallicity. As a result of correlated errors in the age–metallicity plane, a mild age–metallicity anticorrelation cannot be completely ruled out by the current data. Correcting the line-strength indices for non-solar abundance ratios, following the recent paper by Trager et al., leads to higher mean metallicity and slightly younger age estimates while preserving the metallicity sequence. The [Mg/Fe] ratio is mildly correlated with the central velocity dispersion, and ranges from [Mg/Fe]=0.05 to 0.3 for galaxies with σ>100 km s1. Under the assumption that there is no age gradient along the index–σ relations, the abundance-ratio-corrected Mg–σ,Fe–σ and Hβ–σ relations give consistent estimates of Δ[M/H]/Δ log σ0.9±0.1. The slope of the Hβ–σ relation limits a potential age trend as a function of σ to 2–3 Gyr along the sequence
OxyCAP UK : Oxyfuel combustion - academic programme for the UK

The OxyCAP-UK (Oxyfuel Combustion - Academic Programme for the UK) programme was a £2 M collaboration involving researchers from seven UK universities, supported by E.On and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The programme, which ran from November 2009 to July 2014, has successfully completed a broad range of activities related to development of oxyfuel power plants. This paper provides an overview of key findings arising from the programme. It covers development of UK research pilot test facilities for oxyfuel applications; 2-D and 3-D flame imaging systems for monitoring, analysis and diagnostics; fuel characterisation of biomass and coal for oxyfuel combustion applications; ash transformation/deposition in oxyfuel combustion systems; materials and corrosion in oxyfuel combustion systems; and development of advanced simulation based on CFD modelling
$D_{s0}^{\ast\pm}(2317)$ and $KD$ scattering from $B^0_s$ decay

We study the $\bar{B}_s^0\to D_s^-(DK)^+$ weak decay, and look at the $DK$
invariant mass distribution with the aim of obtaining relevant information on
the nature of the $D_{s0}^{\ast+}(2317)$ resonance. We make a simulation of the
experiment using the actual mass of the $D_{s0}^{\ast+}(2317)$ resonance and
recent lattice QCD relevant parameters of the $KD$ scattering amplitude. We
then solve the inverse problem of obtaining the $KD$ amplitude from these
synthetic data, to which we have added a 5\% or 10\% error. We prove that one
can obtain from these "data" the existence of a bound $KD$ state, the $KD$
scattering length and effective range, and most importantly, the $KD$
probability in the wave function of the bound state obtained, which was found
to be largely dominant from the lattice QCD results. This means that one can
obtain information on the nature of the $D_{s0}^{\ast+}(2317)$ resonance from
the implementation of this experiment, in the line of finding the structure of
resonances, which is one of the main aims in hadron spectroscopy.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. v2: New references and comments added in the
  Introductio
Study of the quasi-free $np \to np \pi^+\pi^-$ reaction with a deuterium
  beam at 1.25 GeV/nucleon

The tagged quasi-free $np \to np\pi^+\pi^-$ reaction has been studied
experimentally with the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI
at a deuteron incident beam energy of 1.25 GeV/nucleon ($\sqrt s \sim$ 2.42
GeV/c for the quasi-free collision). For the first time, differential
distributions for $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ production in $np$ collisions have been
collected in the region corresponding to the large transverse momenta of the
secondary particles. The invariant mass and angular distributions for the
$np\rightarrow np\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ reaction are compared with different models.
This comparison confirms the dominance of the $t$-channel with $\Delta\Delta$
contribution. It also validates the changes previously introduced in the
Valencia model to describe two-pion production data in other isospin channels,
although some deviations are observed, especially for the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$
invariant mass spectrum. The extracted total cross section is also in much
better agreement with this model. Our new measurement puts useful constraints
for the existence of the conjectured dibaryon resonance at mass M$\sim$ 2.38
GeV and with width $\Gamma\sim$ 70 MeV
Search for low-scale gravity signatures in multi-jet final states with
  the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV

We search for evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model in the production
of final states with multiple high transverse momentum jets, using 20.3
fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at
$\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV. No excess of events beyond Standard Model expectations is
observed, and upper limits on the visible cross-section for non-Standard Model
production of multi-jet final states are set. Using a wide variety of models
for black hole and string ball production and decay, the limit on the
cross-section times acceptance is as low as 0.16 fb at the 95% CL for a minimum
scalar sum of jet transverse momentum in the event of about 4.3 TeV. Using
models for black hole and string ball production and decay, exclusion contours
are determined as a function of the production mass threshold and the gravity
scale. These limits can be interpreted in terms of lower-mass limits on black
hole and string ball production that range from 4.6 to 6.2 TeV.Comment: 23 pages plus author list + cover page (45 pages total), 8 figures,
  no tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figures are
  available at
  http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2014-02