pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The discovery of the appearance of νμ−ντ oscillations

AbstractAlmost 20 years after the first conceptual design of the experiment, five years of running in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory (LNGS), and billions of billions muon-neutrinos sent from CERN along the CNGS beam, in 2015 the OPERA neutrino detector has allowed the long-awaited discovery of the direct transformation (oscillation) of muon-neutrinos into tau-neutrinos. This result unambiguously confirms the interpretation of the so-called atmospheric channel, after the discovery of neutrino oscillations by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration in 1998
Verbalization of the Сoncept “Machine” in the Linguistic World Views of Russian and English Speakers

AbstractThe paper focuses on the verbalization of the concept of “machine” in the Russian and English linguistic conceptions of the world. The study provides a comparative analysis of representation of the concept “machine” in two cultures and reveals ethnocultural specificity for Russian and English speakers. The significance of the work is due to the interest of modern linguistics and the Intercultural Communication Theory in the process of encoding a national mentality in the form of linguistic units. The authors describe ethnoculutural similarities and differences in the verbalization of the concept “machine” in Russian and English
The primary cilium influences interleukin-1β-induced NFκB signalling by regulating IKK activity

AbstractThe primary cilium is an organelle acting as a master regulator of cellular signalling. We have previously shown that disruption of primary cilia assembly, through targeting intraflagellar transport, is associated with muted nitric oxide and prostaglandin responses to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Here, we show that loss of the primary cilium disrupts specific molecular signalling events in cytosolic NFκB signalling. The induction of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and inducible nitrous oxide synthase (iNOS) protein is abolished. Cells unable to assemble cilia exhibit unaffected activation of IκB kinase (IKK), but delayed and reduced degradation of IκB, due to diminished phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) by IKK. This results in both delayed and reduced NFκB p65 nuclear translocation and nuclear transcript binding. We also demonstrate that heat shock protein 27 (hsp27), an established regulator of IKK, is localized to the ciliary axoneme and cellular levels are dramatically disrupted with loss of the primary cilium. These results suggest that the primary cilia compartment exerts influence over NFκB signalling. We propose that the cilium is a locality for regulation of the molecular events defining NFκB signalling events, tuning signalling as appropriate
Decision making under uncertainty using imprecise probabilities

AbstractVarious ways for decision making with imprecise probabilities—admissibility, maximal expected utility, maximality, E-admissibility, Γ-maximax, Γ-maximin, all of which are well known from the literature—are discussed and compared. We generalise a well-known sufficient condition for existence of optimal decisions. A simple numerical example shows how these criteria can work in practice, and demonstrates their differences. Finally, we suggest an efficient approach to calculate optimal decisions under these decision criteria
Spectral caustics in laser assisted Breit–Wheeler process

AbstractElectron–positron pair production by the Breit–Wheeler process embedded in a strong laser pulse is analyzed. The transverse momentum spectrum displays prominent peaks which are interpreted as caustics, the positions of which are accessible by the stationary phases. Examples are given for the superposition of an XFEL beam with an optical high-intensity laser beam. Such a configuration is available, e.g., at LCLS at present and at European XFEL in near future. It requires a counter propagating probe photon beam with high energy which can be generated by synchronized inverse Compton backscattering
Wnt/Wingless Signaling Requires BCL9/Legless-Mediated Recruitment of Pygopus to the Nuclear β-Catenin-TCF Complex

AbstractWnt/Wingless signaling controls many fundamental processes during animal development. Wnt transduction is mediated by the association of β-catenin with nuclear TCF DNA binding factors. Here we report the identification of two segment polarity genes in Drosophila, legless (lgs), and pygopus (pygo), and we show that their products are required for Wnt signal transduction at the level of nuclear β-catenin. Lgs encodes the homolog of human BCL9, and we provide genetic and molecular evidence that these proteins exert their function by physically linking Pygo to β-catenin. Our results suggest that the recruitment of Pygo permits β-catenin to transcriptionally activate Wnt target genes and raise the possibility that a deregulation of these events may play a causal role in the development of B cell malignancies
Dynamics of the chiral phase transition in the (2+1)-dimensional Gross–Neveu model

AbstractThe phase diagram of the Gross–Neveu (GN) model in 2+1 dimensions as a function of chemical potential and temperature has a simple curve separating the broken symmetry and unbroken symmetry phases, with chiral symmetry being restored both at high temperature and high density. We study, in leading order in the 1/N expansion, the dynamics of the chiral phase transition for an expanding plasma of quarks in the Gross–Neveu model in 2+1 dimensions assuming boost invariant kinematics. We compare the time evolution of the order parameter (mass of the fermion) for evolutions starting in the unbroken and broken phases. The proper time evolution of the order parameter resembles previous results in the (1+1)-dimensional GN model in the same approximation. The time needed to traverse the transition is insensitive to μ
U(1)B−L extra-natural inflation with Standard Model on a brane

AbstractThe interrelation between inflationary cosmology and new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) is studied in a U(1)B−L extension of the SM embedded in a (4+1)-dimensional spacetime. In the scenario we study, the inflaton arises from the Wilson loop of the U(1)B−L gauge group winding an extra-dimensional cycle. Particular attention is paid to the coupling between the inflaton and SM particles that are confined on a brane localized in the extra dimension. We find that the inflaton decay channels are rather restricted in this scenario and the resulting reheating temperature is relatively low
Role of the f1(1285) state in the J/ψ→ϕK¯K⁎ and J/ψ→ϕf1(1285) decays

AbstractWe study the role of the f1(1285) resonance in the decays of J/ψ→ϕK¯K⁎ and J/ψ→ϕf1(1285). The theoretical approach is based on the results of chiral unitary theory where the f1(1285) resonance is dynamically generated from the K⁎K¯–c.c. interaction. In order to further test the dynamical nature of the f1(1285) state, we investigate the J/ψ→ϕK¯K⁎ decay close to the K¯K⁎ threshold and make predictions for the ratio of the invariant mass distributions of the J/ψ→ϕK¯K⁎ decay and the J/ψ→ϕf1(1285) partial decay width with all the parameters of the mechanism fixed in previous studies. The results can be tested in future experiments and therefore offer new clues on the nature of the f1(1285) state
Field-dependent BRST–antiBRST transformations in Yang–Mills and Gribov–Zwanziger theories

AbstractWe introduce the notion of finite BRST–antiBRST transformations, both global and field-dependent, with a doublet λa, a=1,2, of anticommuting Grassmann parameters and find explicit Jacobians corresponding to these changes of variables in Yang–Mills theories. It turns out that the finite transformations are quadratic in their parameters. At the same time, exactly as in the case of finite field-dependent BRST transformations for the Yang–Mills vacuum functional, special field-dependent BRST–antiBRST transformations, with sa-potential parameters λa=saΛ induced by a finite even-valued functional Λ and by the anticommuting generators sa of BRST–antiBRST transformations, amount to a precise change of the gauge-fixing functional. This proves the independence of the vacuum functional under such BRST–antiBRST transformations. We present the form of transformation parameters that generates a change of the gauge in the path integral and evaluate it explicitly for connecting two arbitrary Rξ-like gauges. For arbitrary differentiable gauges, the finite field-dependent BRST–antiBRST transformations are used to generalize the Gribov horizon functional h, given in the Landau gauge, and being an additive extension of the Yang–Mills action by the Gribov horizon functional in the Gribov–Zwanziger model. This generalization is achieved in a manner consistent with the study of gauge independence. We also discuss an extension of finite BRST–antiBRST transformations to the case of general gauge theories and present an ansatz for such transformations
Helicity in proton–proton elastic scattering and the spin structure of the pomeron

AbstractWe discuss different models for the spin structure of the nonperturbative pomeron: scalar, vector, and rank-2 symmetric tensor. The ratio of single-helicity-flip to helicity-conserving amplitudes in polarised high-energy proton–proton elastic scattering, known as the complex r5 parameter, is calculated for these models. We compare our results to experimental data from the STAR experiment. We show that the spin-0 (scalar) pomeron model is clearly excluded by the data, while the vector pomeron is inconsistent with the rules of quantum field theory. The tensor pomeron is found to be perfectly consistent with the STAR data
Axion monodromy inflation with warped KK-modes

AbstractWe present a particularly simple model of axion monodromy inflation: Our axion is the lowest-lying KK-mode of the RR-2-form-potential C2 in the standard Klebanov–Strassler throat. One can think of this inflaton candidate as being defined by the integral of C2 over the S2 cycle of the throat. It obtains an exponentially small mass from the IR-region in which the S2 shrinks to zero size. Crucially, the S2 cycle has to be shared between two throats, such that the second locus where the S2 shrinks is also in a warped region. Well-known problems like the potentially dangerous back-reaction of brane/antibrane pairs and explicit supersymmetry breaking are not present in our scenario. The inflaton back-reaction on the geometry turns out to be controlled by the string coupling gs. We hope that our setting is simple enough for many critical consistency issues of large-field inflation in string theory to be addressed at a quantitative level
Renormalisation group, trace anomaly and Feynman–Hellmann theorem

AbstractWe show that the logarithmic derivative of the gauge coupling on the hadronic mass and the cosmological constant term of a gauge theory are related to the gluon condensate of the hadron and the vacuum respectively. These relations are akin to Feynman–Hellmann relations whose derivation for the case at hand is complicated by the construction of the gauge theory Hamiltonian. We bypass this problem by using a renormalisation group equation for composite operators and the trace anomaly. The relations serve as possible definitions of the gluon condensates themselves which are plagued in direct approaches by power divergences. In turn these results might help to determine the contribution of the QCD phase transition to the cosmological constant and test speculative ideas
Linear complexity over Fq and over Fqm for linear recurring sequences

AbstractSince the Fq-linear spaces Fqm and Fqm are isomorphic, an m-fold multisequence S over the finite field Fq with a given characteristic polynomial f∈Fq[x], can be identified with a single sequence S over Fqm with characteristic polynomial f. The linear complexity of S, which will be called the generalized joint linear complexity of S, can be significantly smaller than the conventional joint linear complexity of S. We determine the expected value and the variance of the generalized joint linear complexity of a random m-fold multisequence S with given minimal polynomial. The result on the expected value generalizes a previous result on periodic m-fold multisequences. Moreover we determine the expected drop of linear complexity of a random m-fold multisequence with given characteristic polynomial f, when one switches from conventional joint linear complexity to generalized joint linear complexity
Form factors in B¯0→π+π0ℓν¯ℓ from QCD light-cone sum rules

AbstractThe form factors of the semileptonic B→ππℓν¯ decay are calculated from QCD light-cone sum rules with the distribution amplitudes of dipion states. This method is valid in the kinematical region, where the hadronic dipion state has a small invariant mass and simultaneously a large recoil. The derivation of the sum rules is complicated by the presence of an additional variable related to the angle between the two pions. In particular, we realize that not all invariant amplitudes in the underlying correlation function can be used, some of them generating kinematical singularities in the dispersion relation. The two sum rules that are free from these ambiguities are obtained in the leading twist-2 approximation, predicting the B¯0→π+π0 form factors F⊥ and F∥ of the vector and axial b→u current, respectively. We calculate these form factors at the momentum transfers 0<q2≲12 GeV2 and at the dipion mass close to the threshold 4mπ2. The sum rule results indicate that the contributions of the higher partial waves to the form factors are suppressed with respect to the lowest P-wave contribution and that the latter is not completely saturated by the ρ-meson term
Identification of Minimal Neuronal Networks Involved in Flexor-Extensor Alternation in the Mammalian Spinal Cord

SummaryNeural networks in the spinal cord control two basic features of locomotor movements: rhythm generation and pattern generation. Rhythm generation is generally considered to be dependent on glutamatergic excitatory neurons. Pattern generation involves neural circuits controlling left-right alternation, which has been described in great detail, and flexor-extensor alternation, which remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mouse model in which glutamatergic neurotransmission has been ablated in the locomotor region of the spinal cord. The isolated in vitro spinal cord from these mice produces locomotor-like activity—when stimulated with neuroactive substances—with prominent flexor-extensor alternation. Under these conditions, unlike in control mice, networks of inhibitory interneurons generate the rhythmic activity. In the absence of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the flexor-extensor alternation appears to be generated by Ia inhibitory interneurons, which mediate reciprocal inhibition from muscle proprioceptors to antagonist motor neurons. Our study defines a minimal inhibitory network that is needed to produce flexor-extensor alternation during locomotion
Maritime Education in a Transdisciplinary World: The Case of Hong Kong

AbstractSome universities have their maritime education situated in faculty of engineering while few are included in faculty of business. Emphasises are apparently different for those in faculty of engineering from those in faculty of business. The maritime business curriculum has to fulfill the requirements of accreditation of different international organizations e.g. STCW95 and AACSB. This paper is to study the curriculum developed in maritime education at the Department of Logistics and Maritime Studies of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and it is not easy to fulfill the requirements of different international organizations. The quality of maritime business curriculum offered by educational institutions is critical in ensuring the quality of future shipping executives for the shipping community in Hong Kong
Oxidative stress responses to a graded maximal exercise test in older adults following explosive-type resistance training

AbstractWe recently demonstrated that low frequency, moderate intensity, explosive-type resistance training (EMRT) is highly beneficial in elderly subjects towards muscle strength and power, with a systemic adaptive response of anti-oxidant and stress-induced markers. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of EMRT on oxidative stress biomarkers induced in old people (70–75 years) by a single bout of acute, intense exercise. Sixteen subjects randomly assigned to either a control, not exercising group (n=8) or a trained group performing EMRT protocol for 12-weeks (n=8), were submitted to a graded maximal exercise stress test (GXT) at baseline and after the 12-weeks of EMRT protocol, with blood samples collected before, immediately after, 1 and 24h post-GXT test. Blood glutathione (GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG), plasma malonaldehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls and creatine kinase (CK) levels, as well as PBMCs cellular damage (Comet assay, apoptosis) and stress–protein response (Hsp70 and Hsp27 expression) were evaluated. The use of multiple biomarkers allowed us to confirm that EMRT per se neither affected redox homeostasis nor induced any cellular and oxidative damage. Following the GXT, the EMRT group displayed a higher GSH/GSSG ratio and a less pronounced increase in MDA, protein carbonyls and CK levels compared to control group. Moreover, we found that Hsp70 and Hsp27 proteins were induced after GXT only in EMRT group, while any significant modification within 24h was detected in untrained group. Apoptosis rates and DNA damage did not show any significant variation in relation to EMRT and/or GXT.In conclusion, the adherence to an EMRT protocol is able to induce a cellular adaptation allowing healthy elderly trained subjects to cope with the oxidative stress induced by an acute exercise more effectively than the aged-matched sedentary subjects
Nuclear modification factor for charged pions and protons at forward rapidity in central Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

AbstractWe present spectra of charged pions and protons in 0–10% central Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV at mid-rapidity (y=0) and forward pseudorapidity (η=2.2) measured with the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC. The spectra are compared to spectra from p+p collisions at the same energy scaled by the number of binary collisions. The resulting nuclear modification factors for central Au+Au collisions at both y=0 and η=2.2 exhibit suppression for charged pions but not for (anti-) protons at intermediate pT. The p¯/π− ratios have been measured up to pT∼3 GeV/c at the two rapidities and the results indicate that a significant fraction of the charged hadrons produced at intermediate pT range are (anti-) protons at both mid-rapidity and η=2.2
Bifurcation of limit cycles from a 4-dimensional center in Rm in resonance 1:N

AbstractFor every positive integer N⩾2 we consider the linear differential center x˙=Ax in Rm with eigenvalues ±i, ±Ni and 0 with multiplicity m−4. We perturb this linear center inside the class of all polynomial differential systems of the form linear plus a homogeneous nonlinearity of degree N, i.e. x˙=Ax+εF(x) where every component of F(x) is a linear polynomial plus a homogeneous polynomial of degree N. When the displacement function of order ε of the perturbed system is not identically zero, we study the maximal number of limit cycles that can bifurcate from the periodic orbits of the linear differential center. In particular, we give explicit upper bounds for the number of limit cycles
KAEA (SUDPRO), a member of the ubiquitous KEOPS/EKC protein complex, regulates the arginine catabolic pathway and the expression of several other genes in Aspergillus nidulans

AbstractThe kaeAKAE1 (suDpro) gene, which was identified in Aspergillus nidulans as a suppressor of proline auxotrophic mutations, encodes the orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kae1p, a member of the evolutionarily conserved KEOPS/EKC (Kinase, Endopeptidase and Other Proteins of Small size/Endopeptidase-like and Kinase associated to transcribed Chromatin) complex. In yeast, this complex has been shown to be involved in tRNA modification, transcription, and genome maintenance. In A. nidulans, mutations in kaeA result in several phenotypic effects, the derepression of arginine catabolism genes, and changes in the expression levels of several others, including genes involved in amino acid and siderophore metabolism, sulfate transport, carbon/energy metabolism, translation, and transcription regulation, such as rcoATUP1, which encodes the global transcriptional corepressor
Generalised integrable λ- and η-deformations and their relation

AbstractWe construct two-parameter families of integrable λ-deformations of two-dimensional field theories. These interpolate between a CFT (a WZW/gauged WZW model) and the non-Abelian T-dual of a principal chiral model on a group/symmetric coset space. In examples based on the SU(2) WZW model and the SU(2)/U(1) exact coset CFT, we show that these deformations are related to bi-Yang–Baxter generalisations of η-deformations via Poisson–Lie T-duality and analytic continuation. We illustrate the quantum behaviour of our models under RG flow. As a byproduct we demonstrate that the bi-Yang–Baxter σ-model for a general group is one-loop renormalisable
Ion-Dependent Dynamics of DNA Ejections for Bacteriophage λ

AbstractWe studied the control parameters that govern the dynamics of in vitro DNA ejection in bacteriophage λ. Previous work demonstrated that bacteriophage DNA is highly pressurized, and this pressure has been hypothesized to help drive DNA ejection. Ions influence this process by screening charges on DNA; however, a systematic variation of salt concentrations to explore these effects has not been undertaken. To study the nature of the forces driving DNA ejection, we performed in vitro measurements of DNA ejection in bulk and at the single-phage level. We present measurements on the dynamics of ejection and on the self-repulsion force driving ejection. We examine the role of ion concentration and identity in both measurements, and show that the charge of counterions is an important control parameter. These measurements show that the mobility of ejecting DNA is independent of ionic concentrations for a given amount of DNA in the capsid. We also present evidence that phage DNA forms loops during ejection, and confirm that this effect occurs using optical tweezers
Angular coefficients of Z bosons produced in pp collisions at s=8 TeV and decaying to μ+μ− as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity

AbstractMeasurements of the five most significant angular coefficients, A0 through A4, for Z bosons produced in pp collisions at s=8 TeV and decaying to μ+μ− are presented as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity of the Z boson. The integrated luminosity of the dataset collected with the CMS detector at the LHC corresponds to 19.7fb−1. These measurements provide comprehensive information about the Z boson production mechanisms, and are compared to the QCD predictions at leading order, next-to-leading order, and next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory
The Fermi motion contribution to J/ψ production at the hadron colliders

AbstractWe investigate the relativistic Fermi motion effect in the case of J/ψ production in various hadron colliders. A light-cone wave function is adopted to represent the J/ψ final state. The change in the confinement parameter which sets a scale for the size of the final state, allows one to see the effect in an explicit manner. While the effect has considerable influence on the fragmentation probabilities and the differential cross sections, the total cross sections essentially are left unchanged. Such a feature is in agreement with the momentum sum rule which the fragmentation functions should satisfy