pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Attitude, knowledge and perception of the altruistic donation of blood in a city in Northeastern Mexico

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the causes due to which potential blood donors do not make voluntary donations: lack of knowledge, attitude, and the perception of blood donations as unwholesome.Materials and methodsWe conducted a transversal, observational, descriptive, prospective, and a survey-based study of 435 subjects in Monterrey, Mexico in November of 2011.Results135 (31%) subjects were already donors, of which only 16 (3.6%) did it altruistically. Of the total amount of subjects, 161 (37%) were associated with some benefits from donating blood, 154 (35%) identified some kind of damage, the most mentioned was transmission of diseases with 77 (50%) mentions. The most common cause of refusal toward donation was “saving blood for a relative in need” with 137 (33%) mentions. Of the subjects surveyed, 55% (n=240) refer having very few thoughts for donating blood voluntarily. Also, 360 (86%) subjects will donate without expecting something in return. Finally, 348 (80%) subjects do not remember seeing or hearing any kind of promotional information about altruistic blood donation.ConclusionsA great deal of people will donate blood altruistically without receiving any reward for doing so. 80% of the subjects do not remember seeing or hearing any kind of advertisement for blood donation which is proof of lack of adequate publicity. The analysis of perception of damages or benefits from blood donation will help in the development of more focused blood donation campaigns
Solid Waste Mixtures Combustion in a Circulating Fluidized Bed: Emission Properties of NOx, Dioxin, and Heavy Metals

AbstractTo efficiently and environment friendly combust the domestic garbage, sludge, and swill waste fuels, five different fuels are prepared by mixing the waste fuels together with coal, and grass biomass at different mixing ratios, and finally those fuels were combusted in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor. The emission performances of NOx, dioxin, and heavy metal during the combustion tests are studied. The results showed that a stable furnace temperature can be reached at approximately 850°C when combusting all studied mixed fuels, benefiting the thermal processes of sludge and domestic garbage and thus realizing the purpose of waste-to-fuel. In addition, the dioxin emissions are much lower than the emission standards, and NOx emissions could be reduced significantly by adjusting the ratio of waste fuels. However, the emissions of mercury, lead, and the combinations of chromium, tin, antimony, cupper and manganese components all exceeded the pollution control standard for hazardous wastes incineration, a further technology is required for heavy metal reductions to achieve the emission standards
Nanopaleomagnetism of meteoritic Fe–Ni studied using X-ray photoemission electron microscopy

AbstractX-ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) enables natural remanent magnetisation to be imaged with ∼30 nm resolution across a field of view of 5–20 μm. The method is applied to structural features typical of the Widmanstätten microstructure (kamacite – tetrataenite rim – cloudy zone – plessite) in the Tazewell IIICD iron meteorite. Kamacite lamellae and the tetrataenite rim are multidomain, whereas plessite consists of laths of different phases displaying a range of stable magnetisation directions. The cloudy zone (CZ) displays a complex interlocking domain pattern resulting from nanoscale islands of tetrataenite with easy axes distributed along three possible crystallographic directions. Quantitative analysis of the coarse and intermediate CZ was achieved using a combination of image simulations and histogram profile matching. Remanence information was extracted from individual regions of interest ∼400 nm wide, demonstrating for the first time the capability of XPEEM to perform quantitative paleomagnetic analysis at sub-micron length scales. The three tetrataenite easy axis orientations occur with equal probability in the coarse and intermediate CZ, suggesting that spinodal decomposition in these regions was not strongly influenced by internal interaction fields, and that they are suitable candidates for future paleomagnetic studies. The fine CZ shows a strong dominance of one easy axis. This effect is attributed to island–island exchange interactions that render the fine CZ unsuitable for paleomagnetic study. Variations in the relative strength (proportion of dominant easy axis) and direction (direction of dominant easy axis) of a paleomagnetic field can be resolved from different regions of the CZ using XPEEM, raising the prospect of obtaining a time-resolved measurement of the active dynamo period in meteorites originating from the upper unmelted regions of differentiated asteroids (e.g. chondrites, pallasites, mesosiderites)
Setting Priorities for Mental Health Research in Brazil

AbstractBackground: The main aim of this study is to review the agenda for research priorities of mental health in Brazil. Methodology: The first step was to gather 28 experts (22 researchers, five policy makers, and the coordinator) representing all mental health fields from different geographical areas of the country. Participants were asked to list what they considered to be the most relevant mental health research questions for the country to address in the next 10 years. Seventeen participants answered this question; after redundancies were excluded, a total of 110 responses were collected. As the second step, participants were asked to rank which questions were the 35 most significant. The final step was to score 15 items for each of the 35 selected questions to determine whether it would be a) answerable, b) effective, c) deliverable, d) equitable, and e) effective at reducing the burden of mental health. The ten highest ranked questions were then selected. Results: There were four questions addressing primary care with respect to a) the effectiveness of interventions, b) “matrix support”, c) comparisons of different models of stepped care, and d) interventions to enhance identification and treatment of common mental disorders at the Family Health Program. The other questions were related to the evaluation of mental health services for adults and children/adolescents to clarify barriers to treatment in primary care, drug addiction, and severe mental disorders; to investigate the cost-benefit relationship of anti-psychotics; to design interventions to decrease alcohol consumption; and to apply new technologies (telemedicine) for education and supervision of non-specialists. Conclusion: This priority-setting research exercise highlighted a need for implementing investments at the primary- care level, particularly in the family health program; the urgent need to evaluate services; and policies to improve equity by increasing accessibility to services and testing interventions to reduce barriers for seeking mental health treatment
The public life of the Swahili stonehouse, 14th–15th centuries AD

AbstractHouses are an important subject of archaeological research, normally explored through the households they contain. This has established a deliberately social agenda for the archaeology of houses, yet has had the unintended consequence of creating bounded worlds for study. Although household archaeologies explore the ways that households contributed to broader social and economic realms, it is rare to think through the public role of houses for non-residents and the larger population of the settlement. This paper seeks to explore this more public aspect of houses using the data from archaeology at Songo Mnara, a 14th–15th century Swahili town on the southern Tanzanian coast. This was a time when stone-built domestic architecture was first emerging in this region. The archaeology of the houses provides data for a series of ways that the house was at the heart of the economic and political life of the town, as well as demonstrating a spatial continuity between indoor and outdoor spaces. It is therefore suggested that the domestic and residential functions of the house for a particular household should be balanced with an appreciation of the broader world of the house itself
Search for odderon-induced contributions to exclusive π0 photoproduction at HERA

AbstractA search for contributions to the reaction ep→eπ0N∗ from photon–odderon fusion in the photoproduction regime at HERA is reported, at an average photon–proton centre-of-mass energy 〈W〉=215 GeV. The measurement proceeds via detection of the π0 decay photons, a leading neutron from the N∗ decay, and the scattered electron. No π0 signal is observed and an upper limit on the cross section for the photon–odderon fusion process of σ(γp→π0N∗)<49 nb at the 95% confidence level is derived, integrated over the experimentally accessible range of the squared four-momentum transfer at the nucleon vertex 0.02<|t|<0.3 GeV2. This excludes a recent prediction from a calculation based on a non-perturbative QCD model of a photon–odderon fusion cross section above 200 nb
Physical mechanism of the compressive response of F-actin networks: significance of crosslinker unbinding events

AbstractA model of crosslinker unbinding is implemented in a highly coarse-grained granular model of F-actin cytoskeleton. We employ this specific granular model to study the mechanisms of the compressive responses of F-actin networks. It is found that the compressive response of F-actin cytoskeleton has dependency on the strain rate. The evolution of deformation energy in the network indicates that crosslinker unbinding events can induce the remodelling of F-actin cytoskeleton in response to external loadings. The internal stress in F-actin cytoskeleton can efficiently dissipate with the help of crosslinker unbinding, which could lead to the spontaneous relaxation of living cells
Late Development of Cue Integration Is Linked to Sensory Fusion in Cortex

SummaryAdults optimize perceptual judgements by integrating different types of sensory information [1, 2]. This engages specialized neural circuits that fuse signals from the same [3–5] or different [6] modalities. Whereas young children can use sensory cues independently, adult-like precision gains from cue combination only emerge around ages 10 to 11 years [7–9]. Why does it take so long to make best use of sensory information? Existing data cannot distinguish whether this (1) reflects surprisingly late changes in sensory processing (sensory integration mechanisms in the brain are still developing) or (2) depends on post-perceptual changes (integration in sensory cortex is adult-like, but higher-level decision processes do not access the information) [10]. We tested visual depth cue integration in the developing brain to distinguish these possibilities. We presented children aged 6–12 years with displays depicting depth from binocular disparity and relative motion and made measurements using psychophysics, retinotopic mapping, and pattern classification fMRI. Older children (>10.5 years) showed clear evidence for sensory fusion in V3B, a visual area thought to integrate depth cues in the adult brain [3–5]. By contrast, in younger children (<10.5 years), there was no evidence for sensory fusion in any visual area. This significant age difference was paired with a shift in perceptual performance around ages 10 to 11 years and could not be explained by motion artifacts, visual attention, or signal quality differences. Thus, whereas many basic visual processes mature early in childhood [11, 12], the brain circuits that fuse cues take a very long time to develop
Assessing hippocampal functional reserve in temporal lobe epilepsy: A multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data

SummaryAssessing the functional reserve of key memory structures in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) of pre-surgical patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains a challenge. Conventional functional MRI (fMRI) memory paradigms have yet to fully convince of their ability to confidently assess the risk of a post-surgical amnesia. An alternative fMRI analysis method, multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), focuses on the patterns of activity across voxels in specific brain regions that are associated with individual memory traces. This method makes it possible to investigate whether the hippocampus and related structures contralateral to any proposed surgery are capable of laying down and representing specific memories. Here we used MVPA-fMRI to assess the functional integrity of the hippocampi and MTL in patients with long-standing medically refractory TLE associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Patients were exposed to movie clips of everyday events prior to scanning, which they subsequently recalled during high-resolution fMRI. MTL structures were delineated and pattern classifiers were trained to learn the patterns of brain activity across voxels associated with each memory. Predictable patterns of activity across voxels associated with specific memories could be detected in MTL structures, including the hippocampus, on the side contralateral to the HS, indicating their functional viability. By contrast, no discernible memory representations were apparent in the sclerotic hippocampus, but adjacent MTL regions contained detectable information about the memories. These findings suggest that MVPA in fMRI memory studies of TLE can indicate hippocampal functional reserve and may be useful to predict the effects of hippocampal resection in individual patients
Macedonian Economy before and after the Global Financial and Economic Crises

AbstractDuring the last twenty years Macedonian economy experienced numerous internal and external shocks from economic and political nature. Current world economic crisis is the last shock. However, the economy always showed latent power and possibilities of getting out of such shocks. It was a sign that it can generate higher and sustainable rates of growth. The experiences and lessons taken from transitional period and particularly from the global economic crisis should serve as a basis for changing the current model with so called holistic model in order the economy of the country to catch a connection with the intense changes that are expected to occur in the coming period. It is expected that creating new economic model in Republic of Macedonia will result in multiple positive effects that primarily manifested in the increasing number of newly small and medium enterprises, domestic investments, industrial production, GDP, number of new employees and total exports as well as in reduction of the trade deficit and in maintaining macroeconomic stability of the country. The achievements of the Republic of Macedonia with the new development model will largely depend on the realization of risks and threats to which it is or will be exposed in the short run and in the medium run, and in relation to the developments in the global and especially in European economy in future, as well as the international political status of Macedonia in relation to its membership in NATO and EU
ALMA reveals starburst-like interstellar medium conditions in a compact
  star-forming galaxy at z ~ 2 using [CI] and CO

We present ALMA detections of the [CI] 1-0, CO J=3-2, and CO J=4-3 emission
lines, as well as the ALMA band 4 continuum for a compact star-forming galaxy
(cSFG) at z=2.225, 3D-HST GS30274. As is typical for cSFGs, this galaxy has a
stellar mass of $1.89 \pm 0.47\,\times 10^{11}\,\rm{M}_\odot$, with a star
formation rate of $214\pm44\,\rm{M}_\odot\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$ putting it on the
star-forming `main-sequence', but with an H-band effective radius of 2.5 kpc,
making it much smaller than the bulk of `main-sequence' star-forming galaxies.
The intensity ratio of the line detections yield an ISM density (~ 6 $\times
10^{4}\,\rm{cm}^{-3}$) and a UV-radiation field ( ~2 $\times 10^4\,\rm{G}_0$),
similar to the values in local starburst and ultra-luminous infrared galaxy
environments. A starburst phase is consistent with the short depletion times
($t_{\rm H2, dep} \leq 140$ Myr) we find using three different proxies for the
H2 mass ([CI], CO, dust mass). This depletion time is significantly shorter
than in more extended SFGs with similar stellar masses and SFRs. Moreover, the
gas fraction of 3D-HST GS30274 is smaller than typically found in extended
galaxies. We measure the CO and [CI] kinematics and find a FWHM line width of
~$750 \pm 41 $ km s$^{-1}$. The CO and [CI] FWHM are consistent with a
previously measured H$\alpha$ FWHM for this source. The line widths are
consistent with gravitational motions, suggesting we are seeing a compact
molecular gas reservoir. A previous merger event, as suggested by the
asymmetric light profile, may be responsible for the compact distribution of
gas and has triggered a central starburst event. This event gives rise to the
starburst-like ISM properties and short depletion times. The centrally located
and efficient star formation is quickly building up a dense core of stars,
responsible for the compact distribution of stellar light in 3D-HST GS30274.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Quasars as standard candles.

Context. A tight non-linear relation exists between the X-ray and UV emission in quasars (i.e. LX ∝LUVγ), with a dispersion of ~0.2 dex over approximately three orders of magnitude in luminosity. Such observational evidence has two relevant consequences: (1) an ubiquitous physical mechanism must regulate the energy transfer from the accretion disc to the X-ray emitting corona; and (2) the non-linearity of the relation provides a new, powerful way to estimate the absolute luminosity, turning quasars into a new class of standard candles.\ud
Aims. Here we propose a modified version of this relation, which involves the emission line full-width half maximum, LX ∝LUVγ̂υβ̂fwhm.\ud
Methods. We interpret this new relation through a simple, ad hoc model of accretion disc corona, derived from previous works in the literature where it is assumed that reconnection and magnetic loops above the accretion disc can account for the production of the primary X-ray radiation.\ud
Results. We find that the monochromatic optical-UV (2500 Å) and X-ray (2 keV) luminosities depend on the black hole mass and accretion rate as LUV ∝ MBH4/3(Ṁ/ṀEdd)2/3 and LX ∝ MBH19/21(Ṁ/ṀEdd)5/21, respectively. Assuming a broad line region size function of the disc luminosity Rblr ∝ Ldisc0.5 we finally have that LX ∝ LUV4/7υ4/7fwhm. Such relation is remarkably consistent with the slopes and the normalisation obtained from a fit of a sample of 545 optically selected quasars from SDSS DR7 cross matched with the latest XMM-Newton catalogue 3XMM-DR6.\ud
Conclusions. The homogeneous sample used here has a dispersion of 0.21 dex, which is much lower than previous works in the literature and suggests a tight physical relation between the accretion disc and the X-ray emitting corona. We also obtained a possible physical interpretation of the LX−LUV relation (considering also the effect of υfwhm), which puts the determination of distances based on this relation on a sounder physical grounds. The proposed new relation does not evolve with time, and thus it can be employed as a cosmological indicator to robustly estimate cosmological parameters
"Sorry I forgot your birthday!": Adjusting apparent school participation for survey timing when age is measured in whole years

When only whole years of age are recorded in survey data, children who experienced a birthday since the beginning of the school year may appear to be of school-age when they are not, or vice-versa. This creates an error in estimates of school participation indicators based on such data. This issue is well-known in education statistics, and several procedures attempting to correct for this error have been proposed. The present study critiques current practice and demonstrates that its limitations continue to confound educational research and high-stakes policy conclusions: speculative explanations have been proposed for what is actually a measurement artefact. An alternative adjustment strategy is proposed that coherently exploits all available information and explicitly indicates the remaining uncertainty. The application of the method is illustrated by a number of empirical case studies using recent household survey data. These examples demonstrate that the method is feasible, accurate, and that taking survey timing into account can significantly alter how these data are interpreted
Prevention is better than cure! Designing information security awareness programs to overcome users' non-compliance with information security policies in banks

In organizations, users' compliance with information security policies (ISP) is crucial for minimizing information security (IS) incidents. To improve users' compliance, IS managers have implemented IS awareness (ISA) programs, which are systematically planned interventions to continuously transport security information to a target audience. The underlying research analyzes IS managers' efforts to design effective ISA programs by comparing current design recommendations suggested by scientific literature with actual design practices of ISA programs in three banks. Moreover, this study addresses how users perceive ISA programs and related implications for compliant IS behavior. Empirically, we utilize a multiple case design to investigate three banks from Central and Eastern Europe. In total, 33 semi-structured interviews with IS managers and users were conducted and internal materials of ISA programs such as intranet messages and posters were also considered. The paper contributes to IS compliance research by offering a comparative and holistic view on ISA program design practices. Moreover, we identified influences on users' perceptions centering on IS risks, responsibilities, ISP importance and knowledge, and neutralization behaviors. Finally, the study raises propositions regarding the relationship of ISA program designs and factors, which are likely to influence users' ISP compliance
Towards complete suppression of parametric instabilities with decoupled
  broadband lasers in plasma

A theoretical analysis for the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) instability
driven by two laser beams with certain frequency difference is presented. It is
found that strong coupling and enhanced SRS take place only when the unstable
regions for each beam are overlapped in the wavenumber space. Hence a threshold
of the beam frequency difference for their decoupling is found as a function of
their intensity and plasma density. Based upon this, a strategy to suppress the
SRS instability with decoupled broadband lasers (DBLs) is proposed. A DBL can
be composed of tens or even hundreds of beamlets, where the beamlets are
distributed uniformly in a broad spectrum range such as over 10\% of the
central frequency. Decoupling among the beamlets is found due to the limited
beamlet energy and suitable frequency difference between neighboring beamlets.
Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that SRS can be almost completely
suppressed with DBLs under the laser intensity $\sim10^{15}$ W/cm$^2$. DBLs can
be attractive for driving inertial confined fusion.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure