pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Solid-state diffusion in amorphous zirconolite

We discuss how structural disorder and amorphization affects solid-state
diffusion, and consider zirconolite as a currently important case study. By
performing extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we disentangle the effects
of amorphization and density, and show that a profound increase of solid-state
diffusion takes place as a result of amorphization. Importantly, this can take
place at the same density as in the crystal, representing an interesting
general insight regarding solid-state diffusion. We find that decreasing the
density in the amorphous system increases pre-factors of diffusion constants,
but not decreasing the activation energy. We also find that atomic species in
zirconolite are affected differently by amorphization and density change. Our
microscopic insights are relevant for understanding how solid-state diffusion
changes due to disorder and for building predictive models of operation of
materials to be used to encapsulate nuclear waste
Cell death in immune thrombocytopenia: novel insights and perspectives

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a complex disease. The pathogenic and clinical heterogeneity of ITP is reflected by reports on variability in patient history and treatment response, in concert with recent evidence from mechanistic studies. Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways are thought to play a peculiar role in the megakaryocyte lineage in terms of hemostasis and the generation and function of megakaryocytes and platelets; unbalanced genetic or environmental disturbances of these tightly regulated pathways may cause thrombocytopenia. Dysregulated PCD has also been linked to peripheral platelet destruction, intramedullary apoptosis, and inefficient thrombopoiesis in ITP. In this article, we discuss novel and controversial findings on the role of PCD in the megakaryocyte lineage and their potential implications in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of ITP
Preserving the world second largest hypersaline lake under future irrigation and climate change

Iran Urmia Lake, the world second largest hypersaline lake, has been largely desiccated over the last two decades resulting in socio-environmental consequences similar or even larger than the Aral Sea disaster. To rescue the lake a new water management plan has been proposed, a rapid 40% decline in irrigation water use replacing a former plan which intended to develop reservoirs and irrigation. However, none of these water management plans, which have large socio-economic impacts, have been assessed under future changes in climate and water availability. By adapting a method of environmental flow requirements (EFRs) for hypersaline lakes, we estimated annually 3.7·10⁹ m³ water is needed to preserve Urmia Lake. Then, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model was forced with bias-corrected climate model outputs for both the lowest (RCP2.6) and highest (RCP8.5) greenhouse-gas concentration scenarios to estimate future water availability and impacts of water management strategies. Results showed a 10% decline in future water availability in the basin under RCP2.6 and 27% under RCP8.5. Our results showed that if future climate change is highly limited (RCP2.6) inflow can be just enough to meet the EFRs by implementing the reduction irrigation plan. However, under more rapid climate change scenario (RCP8.5) reducing irrigation water use will not be enough to save the lake and more drastic measures are needed. Our results showed that future water management plans are not robust under climate change in this region. Therefore, an integrated approach of future land-water use planning and climate change adaptation is therefore needed to improve future water security and to reduce the desiccating of this hypersaline lake
Non-relativistic Josephson junction from holography

We construct a Josephson junction in non-relativistic case with a Lifshitz geometry as the dual gravity. We investigate the effect of the Lifshitz scaling in comparison with its relativistic counterpart. The standard sinusoidal relation between the current and the phase difference is found for various Lifshitz scalings characterised by the dynamical critical exponent. We also find the exponential decreasing relation between the condensate of the scalar operator within the barrier at zero current and the width of the weak link, as well as the relation between the critical current and the width. Nevertheless, the coherence lengths obtained from two exponential decreasing relations generically have discrepancies for non-relativistic dual
Higher rank Wilson loops in N = 2 ∗ super-Yang-Mills theory

The N = 2 ∗ $$ \mathcal{N}={2}^{\ast } $$ Super-Yang-Mills theory (SYM*) undergoes an infinite sequence of large- N quantum phase transitions. We compute expectation values of Wilson loops in k -symmetric and antisymmetric representations of the SU( N ) gauge group in this theory and show that the same phenomenon that causes the phase transitions at finite coupling leads to a non-analytic dependence of Wilson loops on k/N when the coupling is strictly infinite, thus making the higher-representation Wilson loops ideal holographic probes of the non-trivial phase structure of SYM*
Heavy neutralino relic abundance with Sommerfeld enhancements — a study of pMSSM scenarios

We present a detailed discussion of Sommerfeld enhancements in neutralino dark matter relic abundance calculations for several popular benchmark scenarios in the general MSSM. Our analysis is focused on models with heavy wino- and higgsino-like neutralino LSP and models interpolating between these two scenarios. This work is the first phenomenological application of effective field theory methods that we have developed in earlier work and that allow for the consistent study of Sommerfeld enhancements in nonrelativistic neutralino and chargino co-annihilation reactions within the general MSSM, away from the pure-wino and pure-higgsino limits
Asymptotic symmetries of three-dimensional higher-spin gravity: the metric approach

The asymptotic structure of three-dimensional higher-spin anti-de Sitter gravity is analyzed in the metric approach, in which the fields are described by completely symmetric tensors and the dynamics is determined by the standard Einstein-Fronsdal action improved by higher order terms that secure gauge invariance. Precise boundary conditions are given on the fields. The asymptotic symmetries are computed and shown to form a non-linear W -algebra, in complete agreement with what was found in the Chern-Simons formulation. The W -symmetry generators are two-dimensional traceless and divergenceless rank- s symmetric tensor densities of weight s ( s = 2 , 3 , · · · ), while asymptotic symmetries emerge at infinity through the conformal Killing vector and conformal Killing tensor equations on the two-dimensional boundary, the solution space of which is infinite-dimensional. For definiteness, only the spin 3 and spin 4 cases are considered, but these illustrate the features of the general case: emergence of the W -extended conformal structure, importance of the improvement terms in the action that maintain gauge invariance, necessity of the higher spin gauge transformations of the metric, role of field redefinitions
Exact correlators of BPS Operators from the 3d superconformal bootstrap

We use the superconformal bootstrap to derive exact relations between OPE coefficients in three-dimensional superconformal field theories with N ≥ 4 $$ \mathcal{N}\ge 4 $$ supersymmetry. These relations follow from a consistent truncation of the crossing symmetry equations that is associated with the cohomology of a certain supercharge. In N = 4 $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SCFTs, the non-trivial cohomology classes are in one-to-one correspondence with certain half-BPS operators, provided that these operators are restricted to lie on a line. The relations we find are powerful enough to allow us to determine an infinite number of OPE coefficients in the interacting SCFT (U(2) 2 × U(1) −2 ABJ theory) that constitutes the IR limit of O (3) N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ super-Yang-Mills theory. More generally, in N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs with a unique stress tensor, we are led to conjecture that many superconformal multiplets allowed by group theory must actually be absent from the spectrum, and we test this conjecture in known N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs using the superconformal index. For generic N = 8 $$ \mathcal{N}=8 $$ SCFTs, we also improve on numerical bootstrap bounds on OPE coefficients of short and semi-short multiplets and discuss their relation to the exact relations between OPE coefficients we derived. In particular, we show that the kink previously observed in these bounds arises from the disappearance of a certain quarter-BPS multiplet, and that the location of the kink is likely tied to the existence of the U(2) 2 × U(1) −2 AJ theory, which can be argued to not possess this multiplet
Equivalent effective Lagrangians for Scherk-Schwarz compactifications

We discuss the general form of the mass terms that can appear in the
effective field theories of coordinate-dependent compactifications a la
Scherk-Schwarz. As an illustrative example, we consider an interacting
five-dimensional theory compactified on the orbifold S^1/Z_2, with a fermion
subject to twisted periodicity conditions. We show how the same physics can be
described by equivalent effective Lagrangians for periodic fields, related by
field redefinitions and differing only in the form of the five-dimensional mass
terms. In a suitable limit, these mass terms can be localized at the orbifold
fixed points. We also show how to reconstruct the twist parameter from any
given mass terms of the allowed form. Finally, after mentioning some possible
generalizations of our results, we re-discuss the example of brane-induced
supersymmetry breaking in five-dimensional Poincare' supergravity, and comment
on its relation with gaugino condensation in M-theory
Mutation in the V2 vasopressin receptor gene, AVPR2, causes nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

Nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) is a recently discovered rare disease caused by gain-of-function mutations of the V2 vasopressin receptor gene, AVPR2. To date, mutations of Phe229 and Arg137 have been identified as gain-of-function in the V2 vasopressin receptor (V2R). These receptor mutations lead to hyponatremia, which may lead to clinical symptoms in infants. Here we present a newly identified I130N substitution in exon 2 of the V2R gene in a family, causing NSIAD. This I130N mutation resulted in constitutive activity of the V2R with constitutive cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation in HEK293 cells. This basal activity could be blocked by the inverse agonist tolvaptan and arginine-vasopressin stimulation enhanced the cAMP production of I130N-V2R. The mutation causes a biased receptor conformation as the basal cAMP generation activity of I130N does not lead to interaction with β-arrestin. The constitutive activity of the mutant receptor caused constitutive dynamin-dependent and β-arrestin-independent internalization. The inhibition of basal internalization using dominant-negative dynamin resulted in an increased cell surface expression. In contrast to the constitutive internalization, agonist-induced endocytosis was β-arrestin dependent. Thus, tolvaptan could be used for treatment of hyponatremia in patients with NSIAD who carry the I130N-V2R mutation.Kidney International advance online publication, 1 July 2015; doi:10.1038/ki.2015.181. © 2015 International Society of Nephrolog
Mereological essentialism, composition, and stuff: a reply to Kristie Miller

In ‘Essential stuff' (2008) and ‘Stuff' (2009), Kristie Miller argues that two generally accepted theses, often formulated as follows, are incompatible: - (Temporal) mereological essentialism for stuff (or matter), the thesis that any portion of stuff has the same parts at every time it exists. - Stuff composition, the thesis that for any two portions of stuff, there exists a portion of stuff that is their mereological sum (or fusion). She does this by considering competing hypotheses about stuff, trying to prove inconsistency in all cases and with all corresponding understandings of mereological essentialism and stuff composition. I explain why, from an endurantist standpoint, her argument does not go through
Elusive multiquark spectroscopy

A review is presented of past and recent attempts to build multiquark states within current models already describing ordinary mesons and baryons. This includes: coherence in the chromomagnetic interaction, tetraquarks with two heavy quarks, Steiner-tree models of confinement, and hadronic molecules, in particular in the hidden-charm sector. Some emphasis is put on the difficulties encountered when extrapolating toward higher configurations the dynamics of confining forces, starting from the simple case of a quark and an antiquark, or three quarks in a colour singlet
Study of $e^+e^-$ collisions with a hard initial state photon at BABAR

A study of several 3- and 4-body hadronic final states ($\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0, \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-, K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^- and K^+K^-K^+K^-$) accompanied by a hard photon is presented. These states are produced from $e^+e^-$ collisions at the c.m. energy near the $\UPSILON (4S)$ resonance using a $90 fb^-1$ data sample collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state determines the virtual photon energy, so that the data can be compared with direct $e^+e^-$ cross sections. Cross sections have been obtained from threshold up to 4.5 GeV with systematic errors at the 5% level. The accuracy of the results is comparable with the best direct $e^+e^-$ results overall, but achieves amuch better precision in 1.4-2.5 GeV region where data are sparse. In addition to light meson spectroscopy these data can be used to improve the determination of R -the ratio of $e^+e^-\to$ hadrons cross section to $e^+e^-\to \mu^+\mu^-$ - and thereby to impact the understanding of the recent $(g-2)_\mu$  measurement through a better evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution. The ISR technique also gives access to $J/\psi$ production and allows one to measure branching ratios into 3- and 4-body final states above at a level of precision that is typically better than that obtained in the combined earlier measurements
Radioactive beam diagnostics status and development at the SPIRAL facility

International audienceIn 2001 the first radioactive beam will be accelerated in the CIME cyclotron of the SPIRAL project at GANIL. In order to be able to tune such low intensity beams in the cyclotron (down to few particles per second), a silicon and a scintillator detectors are mounted on probes. They measure the beam energy and the beam phase/RF in the cyclotron as a function of the radius. Such fragile diagnostics are meant to be used routinely from the control room by non-specialists in instrumentation and in presence of various beam intensities. Therefore, a program is developed to control and secure the acquisition procedure, the measurements and the isochronism correction. Additional detectors are installed at a fixed position in the ejection line before the experimental areas. Additionally, a diamond detector is foreseen to be installed in the machine to be tested in order to ease the CIME operation
Moho topography beneath the Corinth Rift area (Greece) from inversion of gravity data

International audienceOur aim is to understand better the rifting process by imaging the Moho depth variation beneath Corinth and Evvia. We present here the results of a gravity inversion analysis in the region of the Corinth and Evvia rift system, and compare them to those obtained independently from teleseismic tomography and receiver function analyses. The results of these different studies appear to be consistent and show (1) a 10 km crustal thickening in the western part of the area beneath the Hellenides mountains, (2) NW–SE-trending periodic crustal thinning, and (3) a maximum crustal thinning north of the Gulf of Corinth. This 4 km thinning is unlikely to be the result of the rifting alone, which seems to have been reactivated since only 1 Ma. We propose here a geodynamical scenario in two major steps to explain the evolution of Corinth area. Aegean Miocene extension involving boudinage resulted in periodic crustal thinning, consistent with observations. These lithospheric instabilities could have favoured rupture initiation in particular areas, especially near the city of Corinth. Then, the reactivation of the Corinth Rift extension, 1 Myr ago, led to westward rift propagation. The offset observed between the maximum crustal thinning and the Gulf of Corinth could be accommodated by a low-angle normal fault at about 10–15 km depth. The Corinth Rift is thus asymmetrical and was initiated in places of crustal weakness due to Miocene lithospheric instabilities
A numerical scheme for the one-dimensional pressureless gases system

International audienceIn this work, we investigate the numerical solving of the one-dimensional pressureless gases system. After briefly recalling the mathematical framework of the duality solutions introduced by Bouchut and James, we point out that the upwind scheme for the density and momentum does not satisfy the one-sided Lipschitz (OSL) condition on the expansion rate required for the duality solutions. Then we build a diffusive scheme which allows to recover the OSL condition by following a strategy previously described for the continuous model
Wireless Community Networks: Towards a Public Policy for the Network Commons?

International audienceThe history of communication technologies is populated with conflicts between centralization and decentralization. While many of these technologies started or have existed at some point of their development as a decentralized structure, often replacing older technological paradigms, nearly all progressively evolved into concentrated clusters of power as a result of industrialization and of the reaffirmation of state sovereignty, following a Schumpeterian process of “creative-destruction”. However, when the needs of citizens turn out to be systematically overlooked in existing power dynamics, decentralized initiatives may emerge as an attempt to disrupt the dominant hegemony and allow for the democratic re-appropriation of technology – a process that the philosopher Andrew Feenberg calls “subversive rationalization.” In this paper, we focus on an ongoing – though too often neglected – phenomenon of decentralization in telecommunications networks. We show that current telecoms regulation significantly overlooks the contribution of community networks in fostering political and socio-economic objectives associated with broadband policy and we propose a number of policy recommendations to overcome this gap
BOEUF: A Unified Framework for Modeling and Designing Digital Orchestras

International audienceOrchestras of Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) enable new musical collaboration possibilities, extending those of acoustic and electric orchestras. However the creation and development of these orchestras remain constrained. In fact, each new musical collaboration system or orchestra piece relies on a fixed number of musicians, a fixed set of instruments (often only one), and a fixed subset of possible modes of collaboration. In this paper, we describe a unified framework that enables the design of Digital Orchestras with potentially different DMIs and an expand-able set of collaboration modes. It relies on research done on analysis and classification of traditional and digital orchestras, on research in Collaborative Virtual Environments, and on interviews of musicians and composers. The BOEUF framework consists of a classification of modes of collaboration and a set of components for modelling digital orchestras. Integrating this framework into DMIs will enable advanced musical collaboration modes to be used in any digital orchestra, including spontaneous jam sessions
Improving the power efficiency of SOA-based UWB over fiber systems via pulse shape randomization

International audienceA simple pulse shape randomization scheme is considered in this paper for improving the performance of Ultra Wide band (UWB) communication systems using On Off Keying (OOK) or Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) formats. The advantage of the proposed scheme, which can be either employed for Impulse Radio (IR) or for carrier-based systems, is first theoretically studied based on closed-form derivations of power spectral densities. Then, we investigate an application to an IR-UWB over optical fiber system, by utilizing the 4-th and 5-th orders of Gaussian derivatives. Our approach proves to be effective for 1 Gbps-PPM and 2 Gbps-OOK transmissions, with an advantage in terms of power efficiency for short distances. We also examine the performance for a system employing an in-line Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) with the view to achieve a reach extension, while limiting the cost and system complexity
The shriveled USA: Representing time-space in the context of metropolitanization and the development of high speeds

International audienceOn the one hand the present globalisation process has only been made possible through a reduction of time-distances allowed by high speeds, and particularly through the development of the air mode. On the other hand the metropolitanization process seen as the urban counterpart of globalisation is deeply associated with the development of air platforms. Understanding distances between places is a fundamental task for the geographer, while the representation of distances constitutes one of the major functions of cartography. Among the types of maps invented to represent time-space anamorphosis have been supplemented in the 1990's with time-space relief cartography. This paper proposes a representation of the time-space relief of the USA considering terrestrial and air modes. This last point constitutes a key innovation among this type of cartography, giving the possibility to build a representation of global time-space. The metaphors associated with the images proposed are then discussed evocating the shrinking, the crumpling and finally the shriveling of time-space. The shriveling metaphor renders account of the complicate contraction/dilatation movement that thigh speeds provokes on space and allows for a rich interpretation of the time-space relief map of the USA in the perspective of the processes of globalisation and metropolitanization