pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy in chronic physical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect on depression and anxiety

AbstractObjectiveDepression is more common among individuals with chronic physical illness than in the general population. New treatments for severe and chronic inflammatory conditions which inhibit tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, may be able to shed some light on the role of inflammatory mediators in depression. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials determined the effects of TNF-α inhibitor therapy on depression and anxiety in people with chronic physical illness.MethodsSeven databases were searched from inception to January 2014: AMED, Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and appraisal were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed.ResultsSix randomised controlled trials (reported in seven articles) met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. In total 2540 participants were enrolled across the trials, with participants presenting with rheumatoid arthritis (n=3 trials), psoriasis (n=2) or ankylosing spondylitis (n=1). Meta-analyses, using standardised mean differences, showed evidence of small reductions in depression (−0.24; 95% CI −0.33 to −0.14; p<0.001), and anxiety (−0.17; 95% CI −0.31 to −0.02; p=0.02).ConclusionTNF-α inhibitor therapy reduces depression in people with chronic disease though the effects are small. Whilst this is consistent with inflammation contributing to the development of depression, further studies investigating a more detailed timeline of changes in depression, inflammatory biomarkers and disease activity status are required
Co-extracted bioactive compounds in Capsicum fruit extracts prevent the cytotoxic effects of capsaicin on B104 neuroblastoma cells

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of capsaicin and ethanolic Capsicum extracts on B104 neuroblastoma cells as a potential anticancer agent. Additionally, this study also aims to examine the influence of co-extracted bioactive compounds (vitamin E, vitamin C and quercetin) in Capsicum fruit extracts on the cytotoxic effects of capsaicin in neuroblastoma cells. MTT and LDH assays were used to determine viability and cell death in B104 neuroblastoma cells. Antioxidative properties of capsaicin, vitamin E, vitamin C and quercetin were estimated by means of cyclic and square wave voltammetry. There was a significant cytotoxicity of capsaicin (100μmol/l) after 24h incubation and for capsaicin (250μmol/l), even when cells are treated for 1h. On the other hand, ethanolic Capsicum extracts which contained capsaicin (0.5–2.1mmol/l) did not show any cytotoxic effect. We suggest therefore, that other co-extracted compounds within the ethanolic extracts interact antagonistic with the cytotoxic effect of capsaicin and their interactions should be further investigated. Our results indicate that capsaicin in high concentration induces cytotoxic effects in a dose dependent manner, but other bioactive compounds present in Capsicum fruits prevent the cytotoxic effects of the extracts on neuroblastoma cells
Drazin–Moore–Penrose invertibility in rings

AbstractCharacterizations are given for elements in an arbitrary ring with involution, having a group inverse and a Moore–Penrose inverse that are equal and the difference between these elements and EP-elements is explained. The results are also generalized to elements for which a power has a Moore–Penrose inverse and a group inverse that are equal.As an application we consider the ring of square matrices of order m over a projective free ring R with involution such that Rm is a module of finite length, providing a new characterization for range-Hermitian matrices over the complexes
An approach of the European higher education framework to the management of higher education at university level in Peru

AbstractThis communication research gives an insight to University Education in Peru and a brief review of the main European documents that deal with the European Higher Education Framework, highlighting the principles upon which it is based, as well as the strategic objectives that it sets forth and the tools to achieve them. The purpose of this process is to adapt our university education management in Peru to the EEES, seeking to identify the limitations and constraints faced with regard to the keys of European convergence and the means or instruments that we have in order to attain convergence in Peru
How do the predictors of conduct problems/hyperactivity and Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits in children differ according to mothers’ and teachers’ ratings?

AbstractThis study investigated the predictors of conduct problems/hyperactivity and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children. It was hypothesized that conduct problems/hyperactivity and CU traits are associated with different risk factors. The participants of the study composed of 513 teacher-nominated elementary school children with a mean of 9.62 years of age. Regression analyses revealed some significant differences between risk factors of conduct problems/hyperactivity and CU traits. In addition, predictors according to mothers’ and teachers’ ratings were not the same, except for some overlapping variables. The results were discussed in terms of using of multiple informants for assessing different problem areas in children
Empirical parameterization of the K±→π±π0π0 decay Dalitz plot

AbstractAs first observed by the NA48/2 experiment at the CERN SPS, the π0π0 invariant mass (M00) distribution from K±→π±π0π0 decay shows a cusp-like anomaly at M00=2m+, where m+ is the charged pion mass. An analysis to extract the ππ scattering lengths in the isospin I=0 and I=2 states, a0 and a2, respectively, has been recently reported. In the present work the Dalitz plot of this decay is fitted to a new empirical parameterization suitable for practical purposes, such as Monte Carlo simulations of K±→π±π0π0 decays
Spatial processes and politics of renewable energy transition: Land, zones and frictions in South Africa

AbstractThis paper seeks to make a contribution to on-going debates about how to conceptualise the spatial processes of renewable energy transition. It makes a case for understanding renewable energy transitions as simultaneously spatial and political processes, constitutive of new territories and configuring development pathways. Drawing on a case study of South Africa's Renewable Energy Independent Power Procurement Programme (REI4P), the paper explores the ways in which energy transitions are intrinsically bound up with both the materiality and the historical and contemporary politics of land. It then examines the relationship between energy transitions and territory to conceptualise the ways in which transitions take on an experimental shape in the form of 'zones'. The paper argues that these zones are new territories deploying forms of spatial and political-administrative exceptionality, which allow political and economic actors to exercise authority and commercial power. Two types of zone emerging from South Africa's energy transition exemplify these processes: legally-defined zones for the development of solar and wind energy and zones of socioeconomic development required by REI4P. The paper explores the spatial and political consequences of these strategies and suggests that these may not necessarily translate into conflict and confrontation, but instead produce uneasy co-existences of different political, social and spatial projects and interests, with potential to create new polities
Search for quark contact interactions in dijet angular distributions in pp collisions at s=7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector

AbstractDijet angular distributions from the first LHC pp collisions at center-of-mass energy s=7 TeV have been measured with the ATLAS detector. The dataset used for this analysis represents an integrated luminosity of 3.1 pb−1. Dijet χ distributions and centrality ratios have been measured up to dijet masses of 2.8 TeV, and found to be in good agreement with Standard Model predictions. Analysis of the χ distributions excludes quark contact interactions with a compositeness scale Λ below 3.4 TeV, at 95% confidence level, significantly exceeding previous limits
Lifshitz space–times for Schrödinger holography

AbstractWe show that asymptotically locally Lifshitz space–times are holographically dual to field theories that exhibit Schrödinger invariance. This involves a complete identification of the sources, which describe torsional Newton–Cartan geometry on the boundary and transform under the Schrödinger algebra. We furthermore identify the dual vevs from which we define and construct the boundary energy–momentum tensor and mass current and show that these obey Ward identities that are organized by the Schrödinger algebra. We also point out that even though the energy flux has scaling dimension larger than z+2, it can be expressed in terms of computable vev/source pairs
A Bayesian Approach to Portfolio Selection in Multicriteria Group Decision Making

AbstractIn the a-posteriori approach to multicriteria decision making the idea is to first find a set of interesting (usually non-dominated) decision alternatives and then let the decision maker select among these.Often an additional demand is to limit the size of alternatives to a small number of solutions. In this case, it is important to state preferences on sets. In previous work it has been shown that independent normalization of objective functions (using for instance desirability functions) combined with the hypervolume indicator can be used to formulate such set-preferences.A procedure to compute and to maximize the probability that a set of solutions contains at least one satisfactory solution is established. Moreover, we extend the model to the scenario of multiple decision makers. For this we compute the probability that at least one solution in a given set satisfies all decision makers. First, the information required a-priori from the decision makers is considered. Then, a computational procedure to compute the probability for a single set to contain a solution, which is acceptable to all decision makers, is introduced. Thereafter, we discuss how the computational effort can be reduced and how the measure can be maximized. Practical examples for using this in database queries will be discussed, in order to show how this approach relates to applications
Expression of Amino-Terminally Truncated PrP in the Mouse Leading to Ataxia and Specific Cerebellar Lesions

AbstractThe physiological role of prion protein (PrP) remains unknown. Mice devoid of PrP develop normally but are resistant to scrapie; introduction of a PrP transgene restores susceptibility to the disease. To identify the regions of PrP necessary for this activity, we prepared PrP knockout mice expressing PrPs with amino-proximal deletions. Surprisingly, PrP lacking residues 32–121 or 32–134, but not with shorter deletions, caused severe ataxia and neuronal death limited to the granular layer of the cerebellum as early as 1–3 months after birth. The defect was completely abolished by introducing one copy of a wild-type PrP gene. We speculate that these truncated PrPs may be nonfunctional and compete with some other molecule with a PrP-like function for a common ligand
Unusual, basin-scale, fluid-rock interaction in the Palaeoproterozoic Onega basin from Fennoscandia : preservation in calcite δ18O of an ancient high geothermal gradient

The authors acknowledge financial support from ICDP for the drilling programme. AEF, ATB and ARP thank NERC for financial support through NE/G00398X/1. VAM, AEC, and AL thank the Norwegian Research Council for financial support through 191530/V30.A variety of carbonates of different geneses, as indicated by petrography and geochemistry, are found throughout 400m of the volcano-sedimentary rocks of the Zaonega Formation of Palaeoproterozoic age in the Onega Basin of Fennoscandia. Following intensive sampling and analysis of varied calcites from drillcore recovered during the ICDP FAR-DEEP program, we report a highly unusual depth distribution of calcite oxygen isotope values (δ18Ocal). Unprecedentedly for such rocks, the δ18Ocal values over the full depth interval of 400m are strongly linearly correlated with depth (r2 = 0.9015, n=178). We propose that this is the result of major oxygen isotope resetting through water-rock interaction with a fluid of relatively constant oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Ow). In this model, the observed linear δ18Ocal-depth relationship is then a consequence of the increase in temperature with depth because of the background geothermal gradient. Minor deviations from the overall linear trend are likely due to bed-scale geological factors including locally high impermeability, and oxygen isotope modification of δ18Ow by comparatively intense water-rock interaction. Were the observed δ18Ocal values to have been reset during the greenschist facies Svecofennian metamorphism which affected the rocks at c. 1800Ma, the implied geothermal gradient of ∼ 560°C km-1 is geologically unreasonable and, accordingly, this hypothesis is ruled out. Rather, the δ18Ocal variation of 5‰ over 400m implies a near-surface depth for the rocks during fluid interaction, and this is consistent with a surface-derived origin of the infiltrating fluid (δ18Ow ∼ -13.6‰ for a surface temperature of 15°C and geothermal gradient of ∼ 52 °C km-1). It is speculated that the fluid accessed the carbonates from the basin edge by bed-parallel rather than cross-formational flow. There is an intriguing distribution of Na in the sedimentary rocks of the Zaonega Formation. Sodium is relatively abundant in rocks below a certain depth (the Lowermost Dolostone at ∼258m), but rare in shallower sequences. It is argued that this distribution did not originate with the basin-scale fluid-rock interaction documented above, but may rather be the result of evaporite dissolution, and subsequent redistribution of soluble elements during fluid flow associated with the syndepositional emplacement of basin-wide igneous rocks.PostprintPeer reviewe
Strongly interacting WLWL, Z(L)Z(L) and hh from unitarized one-loop computations

Recently, a new boson h has been discovered at the LHC which, so far, is compatible with the properties of the SM Higgs. However, the SM is not the most general low-energy dynamics for the minimal electroweak symmetry breaking sector with three Goldstone bosons and one light scalar. By using non-linear effective Lagrangian for these four particles we study different processes at one-loop precision, identifying the counterterms needed to cancel the divergences. Then we apply the IAM unitarization method on the partial waves, both to make more realistic predictions which could be tested at the LHC and to discuss the limitations of the one-loop computations. The studied processes are the elastic scattering amplitude for both the longitudinal components of the gauge bosons V = W, Z and the hh → hh, as well as the inelastic VV → hh
Fast and Highly Sensitive Ionic-Polymer-Gated WS2 -Graphene Photodetectors

This is the final version of the article. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.The combination of graphene with semiconductor materials in heterostructure photodetectors enables amplified detection of femtowatt light signals using micrometer-scale electronic devices. Presently, long-lived charge traps limit the speed of such detectors, and impractical strategies, e.g., the use of large gate-voltage pulses, have been employed to achieve bandwidths suitable for applications such as video-frame-rate imaging. Here, atomically thin graphene-WS2 heterostructure photodetectors encapsulated in an ionic polymer are reported, which are uniquely able to operate at bandwidths up to 1.5 kHz whilst maintaining internal gain as large as 10(6) . Highly mobile ions and the nanometer-scale Debye length of the ionic polymer are used to screen charge traps and tune the Fermi level of the graphene over an unprecedented range at the interface with WS2 . Responsivity R = 10(6) A W(-1) and detectivity D* = 3.8 × 10(11) Jones are observed, approaching that of single-photon counters. The combination of both high responsivity and fast response times makes these photodetectors suitable for video-frame-rate imaging applications.J.D.M. acknowledges financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the United Kingdom, via the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials (Grant No. EP/L015331/1 ). S.F.R acknowledges financial support from the Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED). S.R. and M.F.C. acknowledge financial support from EPSRC (Grant No. EP/J000396/1, EP/K017160/1, EP/K010050/1, EP/G036101/1, EP/M001024/1, and EP/M002438/1) and from Royal Society International Exchanges Scheme 2016/R1
Searches for the $Z\gamma$ decay mode of the Higgs boson and for new
  high-mass resonances in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS
  detector

This article presents searches for the $Z\gamma$ decay of the Higgs boson and
for narrow high-mass resonances decaying to $Z\gamma$, exploiting $Z$ boson
decays to pairs of electrons or muons. The data analysis uses 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of
$pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the
CERN Large Hadron Collider. The data are found to be consistent with the
expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected - assuming Standard
Model $pp\to H\to Z\gamma$ production and decay) upper limit on the production
cross section times the branching ratio for $pp\to H\to Z\gamma$ is 6.6 (5.2)
times the Standard Model prediction at the 95% confidence level for a Higgs
boson mass of 125.09 GeV. In addition, upper limits are set on the production
cross section times the branching ratio as a function of the mass of a narrow
resonance between 250 GeV and 2.4 TeV, assuming spin-0 resonances produced via
gluon-gluon fusion, and spin-2 resonances produced via gluon-gluon or
quark-antiquark initial states. For high-mass spin-0 resonances, the observed
(expected) limits vary between 88 fb (61 fb) and 2.8 fb (2.7 fb) for the mass
range from 250 GeV to 2.4 TeV at the 95% confidence level.Comment: 52 pages in total, author list starting page 36, 8 figures, 5 tables,
  published version, all figures including auxiliary figures are available at
  https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2016-14
Measurement of the kt splitting scales in Z → ℓℓ events in pp collisions at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A measurement of the splitting scales occuring in the kt jet-clustering algorithm is presented for final states containing a Z boson. The measurement is done using 20.2 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=8 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The measurement is based on chargedparticle track information, which is measured with excellent precision in the pT region relevant for the transition between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes. The data distributions are corrected for detector effects, and are found to deviate from state-of-the-art predictions in various regions of the observables
D$_{s}^+$ meson production at central rapidity in proton-proton
  collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV

The $p_{\rm T}$-differential inclusive production cross section of the prompt
charm-strange meson $\rm D_s^+$ in the rapidity range $|y|<0.5$ was measured in
proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV at the LHC using the ALICE
detector. The analysis was performed on a data sample of $2.98 \times 10^8$
events collected with a minimum-bias trigger. The corresponding integrated
luminosity is $L_{\rm int}=4.8$/nb. Reconstructing the decay ${\rm D_s^{+}\to
\phi\pi^+}$, with $\phi\to {\rm K}^-{\rm K}^+$, and its charge conjugate, about
480 ${\rm D_s^{\pm}}$ mesons were counted, after selection cuts, in the
transverse momentum range $2<p_{\rm T}<12$ Gev/$c$. The results are compared
with predictions from models based on perturbative QCD. The ratios of the cross
sections of four D meson species (namely ${\rm D^0}$, ${\rm D^+}$, ${\rm
D^{*+}}$ and ${\rm D_s^+}$) were determined both as a function of $p_{\rm T}$
and integrated over $p_{\rm T}$ after extrapolating to full $p_{\rm T}$ range,
together with the strangeness suppression factor in charm fragmentation. The
obtained values are found to be compatible within uncertainties with those
measured by other experiments in $\rm e^+e^-$, ep and pp interactions at
various centre-of-mass energies.Comment: 26 pages, 5 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 21,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/302
Export diversification and resource-based industrialization: the case of natural gas

For resource-rich economies, primary commodity specialization has often been considered to be detrimental to growth. Accordingly, export diversification policies centered on resource-based industries have long been advocated as effective ways to moderate the large variability of export revenues. This paper discusses the applicability of a mean-variance portfolio approach to design these strategies and proposes some modifications aimed at capturing the key features of resource processing industries (presence of scale economies and investment lumpiness). These modifications help make the approach more plausible for use in resource-rich countries. An application to the case of natural gas is then discussed using data obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of a calibrated empirical model. Lastly, the proposed framework is put to work to evaluate the performances of the diversification strategies implemented in a set of nine gas-rich economies. These results are then used to formulate some policy recommendations
Disulfiram/copper selectively eradicates AML leukemia stem cells in vitro and in vivo by simultaneous induction of ROS-JNK and inhibition of NF-κB and Nrf2.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy. Despite the advances in past decades, the clinical outcomes of AML patients remain poor. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is the major cause of the recurrence of AML even after aggressive treatment making, promoting development of LSC-targeted agents is an urgent clinical need. Although the antitumor activity of disulfiram (DS), an approved anti-alcoholism drug, has been demonstrated in multiple types of tumors including hematological malignancies such as AML, it remains unknown whether this agent would also be able to target cancer stem cells like LSCs. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo activity of DS in combination with copper (Cu) against CD34(+)/CD38(+) leukemia stem-like cells sorted from KG1α and Kasumi-1 AML cell lines, as well as primary CD34(+) AML samples. DS plus Cu (DS/Cu) displayed marked inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of colony formation in cultured AML cells while sparing the normal counterparts. DS/Cu also significantly inhibited the growth of human CD34(+)/CD38(+) leukemic cell-derived xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. Mechanistically, DS/Cu-induced cytotoxicity was closely associated with activation of the stress-related ROS-JNK pathway as well as simultaneous inactivation of the pro-survival Nrf2 and nuclear factor-κB pathways. In summary, our findings indicate that DS/Cu selectively targets leukemia stem-like cells both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting a promising LSC-targeted activity of this repurposed agent for treatment of relapsed and refractory AML