pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Composite leptoquarks and anomalies in B-meson decays

We attempt to explain recent anomalies in semileptonic B decays at LHCb via a composite Higgs model, in which both the Higgs and an SU(2)L-triplet leptoquark arise as pseudo-Goldstone bosons of the strong dynamics. Fermion masses are assumed to be generated via the mechanism of partial compositeness, which largely determines the leptoquark couplings and implies non-universal lepton interactions. The latter are needed to accommodate tensions in the b → sμμ dataset and to be consistent with a discrepancy measured at LHCb in the ratio of B+ → K+μ+μ- to B+ → K+e+e- branching ratios. The data imply that the leptoquark should have a mass of around a TeV. We find that the model is not in conflict with current flavour or direct production bounds, but we identify a few observables for which the new physics contributions are close to current limits and where the leptoquark is likely to show up in future measurements. The leptoquark will be pair-produced at the LHC and decay predominantly to third-generation quarks and leptons, and LHC13 searches will provide further strong bounds.This work has been partially supported by STFC grant ST/L000385/1 and King's College, Cambridge.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP05(2015)00
Health, employment and relationships : correlates of personal wellbeing in young adults with and without a history of childhood language impairment

Objective: We examine the potential associations between self-rated health, employment situation, relationship status and personal wellbeing in young adults with and without a history of language impairment (LI). Methods: In total, 172 24-year-olds from the UK participated, with approximately half (N = 84) having a history of LI. Personal wellbeing was measured using ratings from three questions from the Office for National Statistics regarding life satisfaction, happiness and life being worthwhile. Results: There were similarities between individuals with a history of LI and their age-matched peers in self-rated personal wellbeing. However, regression analyses revealed self-rated health was the most consistent predictor of personal wellbeing for individuals with a history of LI in relation to life satisfaction (21% of variance), happiness (11%) and perceptions that things one does in life are worthwhile (32%). None of the regression analyses were significant for their peers. Conclusions: Similarities on ratings of wellbeing by young adults with and without a history of LI can mask heterogeneity and important differences. Young adults with a history of LI are more vulnerable to the effects of health, employment and relationship status on their wellbeing than their peers
From phase drift to synchronisation – pedestrian stepping behaviour on laterally oscillating structures and consequences for dynamic stability

AcceptedJournal ArticleThis is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.© 2016 The AuthorsThe subject of this paper pertains to the contentious issue of synchronisation of walking pedestrians to lateral structural motion, which is the mechanism most commonly purported to cause lateral dynamic instability. Tests have been conducted on a custom-built experimental setup consisting of an instrumented treadmill laterally driven by a hydraulic shaking table. The experimental setup can accommodate adaptive pedestrian behaviour via a bespoke speed feedback control mechanism that allows automatic adjustment of the treadmill belt speed to that of the walker. 15 people participated in a total of 137 walking tests during which the treadmill underwent lateral sinusoidal motion. The amplitude of this motion was set from 5 to 15 mm and the frequency was set from 0.54 to 1.1 Hz. A variety of stepping behaviours are identified in the kinematic data obtained using a motion capture system. The most common behaviour is for the timing of footsteps to be essentially unaffected by the structural motion, but a few instances of synchronisation are found. A plausible mechanism comprising an intermediate state between unsynchronised and synchronised pedestrian and structural motion is observed. This mechanism, characterised by a weak form of modulation of the timing of footsteps, could possibly explain the under-estimation of negative damping coefficients in models and laboratory trials compared with previously reported site measurements. The results from tests conducted on the setup for which synchronisation is identified are evaluated in the context of structural stability and related to the predictions of the inverted pendulum model, providing insight into fundamental relations governing pedestrian behaviour on laterally oscillating structures.Mateusz Bocian was supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council via the University of Bristol Doctoral Training Account (EP/P50483X) for a part of the work presented in this study. The Wellcome Trust (089367/Z/09/Z) is acknowledged for funding for the experimental setup, through an infrastructure development grant to the Bristol Vision Institute. Professor Alan R. Champneys of the Department of Engineering Mathematics at the University of Bristol is acknowledged for providing comments leading to the improvement of the manuscript
Observation of top quark pairs produced in association with a vector boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV

Measurements of the cross sections for top quark pairs produced in association with a W or Z boson are presented, using 8 TeV pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb$^{−1}$, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Final states are selected in which the associated W boson decays to a charged lepton and a neutrino or the Z boson decays to two charged leptons. Signal events are identified by matching reconstructed objects in the detector to specific final state particles from $t\overline{t}W$ or $t\overline{t}Z$ decays. The $t\overline{t}W$ cross section is measured to be 382$_{− 102}$$^{+ 117}$ fb with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. The $t\overline{t}Z$ cross section is measured to be 242$_{-55}$$^{+65}$ fb with a significance of 6.4 standard deviations from the background-only hypothesis. These measurements are used to set bounds on five anomalous dimension-six operators that would affect the $t\overline{t}W$  and$t\overline{t}Z$  cross sections
Online integrated fractionation-hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using sub- and supercritical water

Producción CientíficaA novel process coupling the fractionation and hydrolysis reactors is presented. Holm oak was used as real lignocellulosic biomass to be treated. In the fractionation reactor, hemicellulose and cellulose were solubilized and partially hydrolyzed in different stages with the aim of feeding the hydrolysis reactor with high C5 or C6 concentrations respectively. The fractionation was performed in two stages: at 180 °C optimizing the hemicellulose extraction and at 260 °C extracting cellulose and hard hemicellulose remaining in the biomass structure. Three water flows were tested: 11, 17 and 26 cm3/min. Sugar yields from 71 to 75% were reached, mainly composed of xylose and glucose oligomers and lower amounts of other chemicals, like retro-aldol products, acetic acid or 5-HMF. The outlet stream from the fractionation reactor was directly mixed with sub or supercritical water at the inlet mixer of a supercritical hydrolysis reactor where the reaction time was precisely controlled. The temperature, pressure and reaction time were modified to get an insight of their effect on the yield of retro-aldol condensation products. Yields of 24% for glycolaldehyde, and pyruvaldehyde were found at 8.3 s, 350 °C and 162 bar (hydrolysis reactor conditions). On other hand, 25% of lactic acid was found at 0.23 s, 396 °C and 245 bar. A discussion based on a known reaction pathway is proposed. Moreover, a kinetic model for the hydrolysis reactor was put forward, being able to reproduce the experimental data with deviations below 10% for sugars and other products extracted. This combined process performs a selective valorization of real lignocellulosic biomass, avoiding the costly process of extreme grinding needed for the fluidization in a continuous hydrothermal process.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA330U13
Search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson using 3.2 fb−1 of pp   collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet compatible with a W or Z boson and with large missing transverse momentum are analysed. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and are interpreted in terms of both an effective field theory and a simplified model containing dark matter
Pseudorapidity dependence of the anisotropic flow of charged particles in Pb–Pb collisions at View the MathML source

We present measurements of the elliptic (v2v2), triangular (v3v3) and quadrangular (v4v4) anisotropic azimuthal flow over a wide range of pseudorapidities (−3.5<η<5−3.5<η<5). The measurements are performed with Pb–Pb collisions at View the MathML sourcesNN=2.76 TeV using the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The flow harmonics are obtained using two- and four-particle correlations from nine different centrality intervals covering central to peripheral collisions. We find that the shape of vn(η)vn(η) is largely independent of centrality for the flow harmonics n=2–4n=2–4, however the higher harmonics fall off more steeply with increasing |η|η|. We assess the validity of extended longitudinal scaling of v2v2 by comparing to lower energy measurements, and find that the higher harmonic flow coefficients are proportional to the charged particle densities at larger pseudorapidities. Finally, we compare our measurements to both hydrodynamical and transport models, and find they both have challenges when it comes to describing our data
Broadband and the creative industries in rural Scotland

AbstractThe creative industries potentially contribute much to the social and economic viability of rural regions. This paper explores the role that broadband connectivity plays in the development of professional and creative practices. In particular, we explore the extent to which broadband connectivity can reduce the penalty of distance for rural creative practitioners, and equally, how a lack of connectivity impacts upon the development of the rural creative economy. Our findings suggest that access to broadband of at least 2 megabits per second, download speed, had become crucial for those working in the creative sector at the time of the fieldwork (this minimum critical speed is now likely to be faster). A lack of adequate access may have a negative impact upon rural communities through prompting out-migration to areas with better digital connectivity
Aharonov–Bohm effect and nucleon–nucleon phase shifts on the lattice

AbstractWe propose a method for the lattice QCD computation of nucleon–nucleon low-energy interactions. It consists in simulating QCD in the background of a “electromagnetic” field whose potential is non-vanishing, but whose field strength is zero. By tuning the background field, phase-shifts at any (but small) momenta can be determined by measuring the shift of the ground state energy. Lattice sizes as small as 5 Fermi can be sufficient for the calculation of phase shifts up to momenta of order of mπ/2
Supersymmetric hybrid inflation with non-minimal Kähler potential

AbstractMinimal supersymmetric hybrid inflation based on a minimal Kähler potential predicts a spectral index ns≳0.98. On the other hand, WMAP three year data prefers a central value ns≈0.95. We propose a class of supersymmetric hybrid inflation models based on the same minimal superpotential but with a non-minimal Kähler potential. Including radiative corrections using the one-loop effective potential, we show that the prediction for the spectral index is sensitive to the small non-minimal corrections, and can lead to a significantly red-tilted spectrum, in agreement with WMAP
Mass-deformed brane tilings.

We study renormalization group flows among  N=1N=1  SCFTs realized on the worldvolume of D3-branes probing toric Calabi-Yau singularities, thus admitting a brane tiling description. The flows are triggered by masses for adjoint or vector-like pairs of bifundamentals and are generalizations of the Klebanov-Witten construction of the  N=1N=1  theory for the conifold starting from the  N=2N=2  theory for the ℂ2/ℤ2 orbifold. In order to preserve the toric condition pairs of masses with opposite signs have to be switched on. We offer a geometric interpretation of the flows as complex deformations of the Calabi-Yau singularity preserving the toric condition. For orbifolds, we support this interpretation by an explicit string amplitude computation of the gauge invariant mass terms generated by imaginary self-dual 3-form fluxes in the twisted sector. In agreement with the holographic a-theorem, the volume of the Sasaki-Einstein 5-base of the Calabi-Yau cone always increases along the flow
Euro-VO—Coordination of virtual observatory activities in Europe

AbstractThe European Virtual Observatory Euro-VO has been coordinating European VO activities through a series of projects co-funded by the European Commission over the last 15 years. The bulk of VO work in Europe is ensured by the national VO initiatives and those of intergovernmental agencies. VO activities at the European level coordinate the work in support of the three “pillars” of the Virtual Observatory: support to the scientific community, take-up by the data providers, and technological activities. Several Euro-VO projects have also provided direct support to selected developments and prototyping. This paper explains the methodology used by Euro-VO over the years. It summarises the activities which were performed and their evolutions at different stages of the development of the VO, explains the Euro-VO role with respect to the international and national levels of VO activities, details the lessons learnt for best practices for the coordination of the VO building blocks, and the liaison with other European initiatives, documenting the added-value of European coordination. Finally, the current status and next steps of Euro-VO are briefly addressed
WWZ, WWH, and ZZH couplings in the dynamical gauge–Higgs unification in the warped spacetime

AbstractIn the dynamical gauge–Higgs unification in the Randall–Sundrum warped spacetime, where the 4D Higgs field is unified with gauge fields and the electroweak symmetry is dynamically broken by the Hosotani mechanism, the trilinear couplings for WWZ, WWH, and ZZH, where H stands for the Higgs field, are evaluated. The latter two couplings are suppressed by a factor of cosθH where θH is the Yang–Mills Aharonov–Bohm phase in the extra dimension, while the WWZ couplings remain the same as in the standard model to good accuracy
Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association with jets in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

AbstractThis Letter reports on a first measurement of the inclusive W+jets cross section in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC, with the ATLAS detector. Cross sections, in both the electron and muon decay modes of the W-boson, are presented as a function of jet multiplicity and of the transverse momentum of the leading and next-to-leading jets in the event. Measurements are also presented of the ratio of cross sections σ(W+⩾n)/σ(W+⩾n−1) for inclusive jet multiplicities n=1–4. The results, based on an integrated luminosity of 1.3 pb−1, have been corrected for all known detector effects and are quoted in a limited and well-defined range of jet and lepton kinematics. The measured cross sections are compared to particle-level predictions based on perturbative QCD. Next-to-leading order calculations, studied here for n⩽2, are found in good agreement with the data. Leading-order multiparton event generators, normalized to the NNLO total cross section, describe the data well for all measured jet multiplicities
Azimuthal asymmetry in unpolarized πN Drell–Yan process

AbstractTaking into account the effect of final-state interaction, we calculate the non-zero (naïve) T-odd transverse momentum dependent distribution h1⊥(x,k⊥2) of the pion in a quark-spectator-antiquark model with effective pion-quark-antiquark coupling as a dipole form factor. Using the model result we estimate the cos2ϕ asymmetries in the unpolarized π−N Drell–Yan process which can be expressed as h1⊥×h¯1⊥. We find that the resulting h1π⊥(x,k⊥2) has the advantage to reproduce the asymmetry that agrees with the experimental data measured by NA10 Collaboration. We estimate the cos2ϕ asymmetries averaged over the kinematics of NA10 experiments for 140, 194 and 286 GeV π− beam and compare them with relevant experimental data
Tailoring 2D phononic crystal sensor properties by lattice symmetry reduction

AbstractWe propose a novel method of tailoring the band structure of 2D phononic crystals (PnC) by reducing the lattice symmetry. Specifically, symmetry reduction by stretching and distorting the crystal face is explored. The transmission spectrum of the PnC was numerically calculated using the layer multiple-scattering method. Change in the shape and size of the band gaps is demonstrated as well as form of pass bands inside the stop band. The practical feasibility of the PnC sensor concept was evaluated for the case of synthetic quartz matrix and water inclusions. A distinct pattern of the pass band transformation inside the stop band which is induced by changing the distortion angle was demonstrated. The approach is in particular useful in adjusting the size and position of the gap and tailoring the size and position of the pass band in PnC sensors
Search for heavy, top-like quark pair production in the dilepton final state in pp collisions at s=7 TeV

AbstractThe results of a search for pair production of a heavy, top-like quark, t′, in the decay mode t′t¯′→bW+b¯W−→bℓ+νb¯ℓ−ν¯ are presented. The search is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb−1 in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed number of events agrees with the expectation from standard model processes, and no evidence of t′t¯′ production is found. Upper limits on the production cross section as a function of t′ mass are presented, and t′ masses below 557 GeV/c2 are excluded at the 95% confidence level
Scheme independent consequence of the NSVZ relation for N=1 SQED with Nf flavors

AbstractThe exact NSVZ β-function is obtained for N=1 SQED with Nf flavors in all orders of the perturbation theory, if the renormalization group functions are defined in terms of the bare coupling constant and the theory is regularized by higher derivatives. However, if the renormalization group functions are defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant, the NSVZ relation between the β-function and the anomalous dimension of the matter superfields is valid only in a certain (NSVZ) scheme. We prove that for N=1 SQED with Nf flavors the NSVZ relation is valid for the terms proportional to (Nf)1 in an arbitrary subtraction scheme, while the terms proportional to (Nf)k with k⩾2 are scheme dependent. These results are verified by an explicit calculation of a three-loop β-function and a two-loop anomalous dimension made with the higher derivative regularization in the NSVZ and MOM subtraction schemes. In this approximation it is verified that in the MOM subtraction scheme the renormalization group functions obtained with the higher derivative regularization and with the dimensional reduction coincide
Studies of jet quenching using isolated-photon+jet correlations in PbPb and pp collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

AbstractResults from the first study of isolated-photon+jet correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions are reported. The analysis uses data from PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 150 μb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. For events containing an isolated photon with transverse momentum pTγ>60 GeV/c and an associated jet with pTJet>30 GeV/c, the photon+jet pT imbalance is studied as a function of collision centrality and compared to pp data and pythia calculations at the same collision energy. Using the pTγ of the isolated photon as an estimate of the momentum of the associated parton at production, this measurement allows an unbiased characterisation of the in-medium parton energy loss. For more central PbPb collisions, a significant decrease in the ratio pTJet/pTγ relative to that in the pythia reference is observed. Furthermore, significantly more pTγ>60 GeV/c photons in PbPb are observed not to have an associated pTJet>30 GeV/c jet, compared to the reference. However, no significant broadening of the photon+jet azimuthal correlation is observed
MRI texture analysis as means for addressing rehydration and milk diffusion in cereals

AbstractCereals microstructure is one of the primary quality attributes of cereals. Cereals rehydration and milk diffusion depends on such microstructure and thus, the crispiness and the texture, which will make it more palatable for the final consumer. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a very powerful topographic tool since acquisition parameter leads to a wide possibility for identifying textures, structures and liquids mobility. It is suited for non-invasive imaging of water and fats. Rehydration and diffusion cereals processes were measured by MRI at different times and using two different kinds of milk, varying their fat level. Several images were obtained. A combination of textural analysis (based on the analysis of histograms) and segmentation methods (in order to understand the rehydration level of each variety of cereals) were performed. According to the rehydration level, no advisable clustering behavior was found. Nevertheless, some differences were noticeable between the coating, the type of milk and the variety of cereals
A high-statistics measurement of transverse spin effects in dihadron production from muon–proton semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering

AbstractA measurement of the azimuthal asymmetry in dihadron production in deep-inelastic scattering of muons on transversely polarised proton (NH3) targets is presented. They provide independent access to the transversity distribution functions through the measurement of the Collins asymmetry in single hadron production. The data were taken in the year 2010 with the COMPASS spectrometer using a 160 GeV/c muon beam of the CERN SPS, increasing by a factor of about four the overall statistics with respect to the previously published data taken in the year 2007. The measured sizeable asymmetry is in good agreement with the published data. An approximate equality of the Collins asymmetry and the dihadron asymmetry is observed, suggesting a common physical mechanism in the underlying fragmentation