pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The spatial effect of protein deuteration on nitroxide spin-label relaxation : Implications for EPR distance measurement

This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship (095062) to T.O.-H. The Authors would also like to acknowledge funding from The MRC – United Kingdom, Grant G1100021.Pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) coupled with site-directed spin labeling is a powerful technique for the elucidation of protein or nucleic acid, macromolecular structure and interactions. The intrinsic high sensitivity of electron paramagnetic resonance enables measurement on small quantities of bio-macromolecules, however short relaxation times impose a limit on the sensitivity and size of distances that can be measured using this technique. The persistence of the electron spin-echo, in the PELDOR experiment, is one of the most crucial limitations to distance measurement. At a temperature of around 50 K one of the predominant factors affecting persistence of an echo, and as such, the sensitivity and measurable distance between spin labels, is the electron spin echo dephasing time (Tm). It has become normal practice to use deuterated solvents to extend Tm and recently it has been demonstrated that deuteration of the underlying protein significantly extends Tm. Here we examine the spatial effect of segmental deuteration of the underlying protein, and also explore the concentration and temperature dependence of highly deuterated systems.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Coronal Sources and In Situ Properties of the Solar Winds Sampled by ACE During 1999 - 2008

We identify the coronal sources of the solar winds sampled by the ACE spacecraft during 1999 - 2008 and examine the in situ solar wind properties as a function of wind sources. The standard two-step mapping technique is adopted to establish the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic flux tubes along which the ACE winds flow. The footpoints are then placed in the context of EIT 284 ? images and photospheric magnetograms, allowing us to categorize the sources into four groups: coronal holes (CHs), active regions (ARs), the quiet Sun (QS), and "undefined". This practice also enables us to establish the response to solar activity of the fractions occupied by each type of solar wind, and of their speeds and O7+/O6+ ratios measured in situ. We find that during the maximum phase, the majority of ACE winds originate from ARs. During the declining phase, CHs and ARs are equally important contributors to the ACE solar winds. The QS contribution increases with decreasing solar activity and maximizes in the minimum phase when the QS appears to be the primary supplier of the ACE winds. With decreasing activity, the winds from all sources tend to become cooler, as represented by the increasingly low O7+/O6+ ratios. On the other hand, during each activity phase, the AR winds tend to be the slowest and are associated with the highest O7+/O6+ ratios, while the CH winds correspond to the other extreme, with the QS winds lying in between. Applying the same analysis method to the slow winds alone, here defined as the winds with speeds lower than 500 km s-1, we find basically the same overall behavior, as far as the contributions of individual groups of sources are concerned. This statistical study indicates that QS regions are an important source of the solar wind during the minimum phase.Peer reviewe
Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb−1 of √s̅ = 8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s√ = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios, significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale Λ below 63 TeV are excluded, independently of tan β. Exclusion limits are also derived for an mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090 GeV are excluded
Search for supersymmetry in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, and at least one tau lepton in 20 fb⁻¹ of √s= 8 TeV proton-proton collision data with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in events with large missing transverse momentum, jets, at least one hadronically decaying tau lepton and zero or one additional light leptons (electron/muon), has been performed using 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at √s = 8TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation is observed in the various signal regions and 95% confidence level upper limits on the visible cross section for new\ud
phenomena are set. The results of the analysis are interpreted in several SUSY scenarios,\ud
significantly extending previous limits obtained in the same final states. In the framework\ud
of minimal gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, values of the SUSY breaking scale ʌ\ud
below 63TeV are excluded, independently of tan β. Exclusion limits are also derived for an\ud
mSUGRA/CMSSM model, in both the R-parity-conserving and R-parity-violating case. A\ud
further interpretation is presented in a framework of natural gauge mediation, in which the\ud
gluino is assumed to be the only light coloured sparticle and gluino masses below 1090GeV are excluded
1 /N 2 corrections to the holographic Weyl anomaly

We compute the $ \mathcal{O} $ (1) contribution to holographic c − a for IIB supergravity on AdS 5 × S 5 / $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_n} $ and on AdS 5 × T 1,1 / $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_n} $ . In both cases, we find agreement with the dual field theory results, thus providing 1 /N 2 checks of AdS/CFT with reduced supersymmetry. Since the holographic computation involves a sum over shortened multiplets in the KK tower, we provide some details on the S 5 and T 1,1 spectra in a form that is convenient when considering their $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_n} $ orbifolds. The computation for the even $ {{\mathbb{Z}}_n} $ orbifolds of S 5 includes a sum over the multiplets in the twisted sector that is essential for obtaining agreement with the dual field theory
Top pair production at a future e + e − machine in a composite Higgs scenario

The top quark plays a central role in many New Physics scenarios and in understanding the details of Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking. In the short- and mid-term future, top-quark studies will mainly be driven by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. Exploration of top quarks will, however, be an integral part of particle physics studies at any future facility and an e + e − collider will have a very comprehensive top-quark physics program. We discuss the possibilities of testing NP in the top-quark sector within a composite Higgs scenario through deviations from the Standard Model in top pair production for different Centre-of-Mass energy options of a future e + e − machine. In particular, we focus on precision studies of the top-quark sector at a CM energy ranging from 370 GeV up to 3 TeV
Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial.

Long-term hormone therapy has been the standard of care for advanced prostate cancer since the 1940s. STAMPEDE is a randomised controlled trial using a multiarm, multistage platform design. It recruits men with high-risk, locally advanced, metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer who are starting first-line long-term hormone therapy. We report primary survival results for three research comparisons testing the addition of zoledronic acid, docetaxel, or their combination to standard of care versus standard of care alone
The Taiwan ECDFS near-infrared survey: very bright end of the luminosity function at z > 7

The primary goal of the Taiwan ECDFS Near-Infrared Survey (TENIS) is to find well-screened galaxy candidates at z > 7 (z′ dropout) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDFS). To this end, TENIS provides relatively deep J and K s data (∼25.3 ABmag, 5σ) for an area of 0.5 × 0.5 deg. Leveraged with existing data at mid-infrared to optical wavelengths, this allows us to screen for the most luminous high-z objects, which are rare and thus require a survey over a large field to be found. We introduce new color selection criteria to select a z > 7 sample with minimal contaminations from low-z galaxies and Galactic cool stars; to reduce confusion in the relatively low angular resolution Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) images, we introduce a novel deconvolution method to measure the IRAC fluxes of individual sources. Illustrating perhaps the effectiveness at which we screen out interlopers, we find only one z > 7 candidate, TENIS-ZD1. The candidate has a weighted z phot of 7.8, and its colors and luminosity indicate a young (45M years old) starburst galaxy with a stellar mass of 3.2 × 10 10 M ⊙. The result matches with the observational luminosity function analysis and the semianalytic simulation result based on the Millennium Simulations, which may over predict the volume density for high-z massive galaxies. The existence of TENIS-ZD1, if confirmed spectroscopically to be at z > 7, therefore poses a challenge to current theoretical models for how so much mass can accumulate in a galaxy at such a high redshift. © 2012. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.published_or_final_versio
Tumour necrosis factor gene complex polymorphisms and haplotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

We aimed to examine the role of tumour necrosis factor gene complex polymorphisms in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that individuals possessing polymorphic variants associated with higher TNF secretion would be more susceptible to and/or have more severe disease. Patients with COPD and population controls underwent detailed clinical phenotyping. Genotyping for the tumour necrosis factor-308 and the lymphotoxin alpha NcoI (LTα) polymorphisms was carried out by ‘blinded’ laboratory staff. 361 individuals (220 cases and 141 controls) were recruited. We showed an association between the LTαNcol polymorphism and forced vital capacity (FVC) in a population of older adults with and without COPD. The LTαNcol*2 allele was associated with poorer lung function, under a codominant model, with a fall in FVC (expressed as a percentage of its predicted value) of 3.7% for each copy of the LTαNcol*2 allele possessed (for FVC, regression coefficient (95% CI) = -3.73 (-7.01to -0.44), p=0.026; for FEV1 regression coefficient = -3.56 (-7.80 to 0.70), p = 0.101. However, there was no difference in genotype distribution between the case and control populations. This study adds weight to the suggestion that the TNF gene complex is involved in physiological alterations (FVC) that may affect the development and severity of COPD. The absence of a significant association between the TNF gene-complex polymorphisms in this study does not rule out a modest effect of these polymorphisms on the risk of COPD, as much larger studies are needed to detect modest gene effects on binary disease endpoints
B cell O-galactosyltransferase activity, and expression of O-glycosylation genes in bone marrow in IgA nephropathy

In IgA nephropathy pathogenic IgA1 is likely derived from bone marrow cells and exhibits reduced O-galactosylation. Defective O-galactosylation may arise from compromised expression or function of the enzyme β-galactosyltransferase and/or its molecular chaperone (Cosmc). We measured B cell O-galactosylation activity and the relative gene expression of β-galactosyltransferase and Cosmc in peripheral blood and bone marrow taken from patientswith IgA nephropathy and controls. O-galactosylation activity was measured in peripheral and bone marrow cells controls by the incorporation of radiolabelled galactose into an asialo-mucin acceptor. Gene expression of β-galactosyltransferase and Cosmc was measured by real time PCR and related to that of the enzyme GalNAc-T2, which synthesizes the core O-glycan. Neither the B cell O-galactosylation activity nor the gene expression of the enzyme or chaperone were different between patients and controls. However, the relationships between the O-glycosylation of serum IgA1, galactosylation activity and β-galactosyltransferase gene expression showed different patterns in IgA nephropathy and controls. In IgA nephropathy, O-galactosylation activity correlated with β-galactosyltransferase gene expression, but not with IgA1 O-glycosylation, suggesting that factors other than the availability of β-galactosyltransferase or Cosmc are responsible for altered IgA1 O-glycosylation
The perception of gloss : a review.

Gloss is a relatively little studied visual property of objects’ surfaces. The earliest recorded scientific reference to gloss appears to have been by Ingersoll in 1921: studies at this time were based on the assumption that gloss could be understood as an inherent physical property of a surface, and the priority was to devise a satisfactory method and scale to measure it reliably. As awareness of the complexity of perception grew, efforts were made to distinguish different types of gloss, although these generally still took the form of a search for objective physical measures to be solved within the visual system by means of inverse optics. It became more widely recognised approximately 20 years ago that models of gloss perception based on inverse optics were intractable and failed to explain experimental findings adequately. A temporary decline in the number of published studies followed; however the last decade or so has seen a renewal of interest in the perception of gloss, in an effort to map what is now understood to be a complex interaction of variables including illumination, surface properties and observer. This appears to have been driven by a number of factors, as the study of gloss re-emerged from research into other surface properties such as colour and texture, with technological advances paving the way for new experimental techniques and measurements. This review describes the main strands of research, tracking the changes in approach and theory which have triggered new avenues of research, to the current state of knowledge
Boundary conformal field theories on random surfaces and the non-critical open string.

We analyse boundary conformal field theories on random surfaces using the conformal gauge approach of David, Distler and Kawai. The crucial point is the choice of boundary conditions on the Liouville field. We discuss the Weyl anomaly cancellation for Polyakov's non-critical open bosonic string with Neumann, Dirichlet and free boundary conditions. Dirichlet boundary conditions on the Liouville field imply that the metric is discontinuous as the boundary is approached. We consider the semi-classical limit and argue how it singles out the free boundary conditions for the Liouville field. We define the open string susceptibility, the anomalous gravitational scaling dimensions and a new Yang-Mills Feynman mass critical exponent
Pressurised calcination-atmospheric carbonation of limestone for cyclic CO2 capture from flue gases

A study was carried out to investigate the CO2 capture performance of limestone under atmospheric carbonations following pressurised calcination. A series of tests was carried out to study the role of pressurised calcination using a fluidised bed reactor. In this investigation, calcination of limestone particles was carried out at three levels of pressure: 0.1 MPa, 0.5 MPa, and 1.0 MPa. After calcination, the capture performance of the calcined sorbent was tested at atmospheric pressure. As expected, the results indicate that the carbonation conversion of calcined sorbent decreases as the pressure is increased during calcination. Pressurised calcination requires higher temperatures and causes an increase in sorbent sintering, albeit that it would have the advantage of reducing equipment size as well as the compression energy necessary for CO2transport and storage, and an analysis has been provided to give an assessment of the potential benefits associated with such an option using process software.EPSR
Manual mapping of drumlins in synthetic landscapes to assess operator effectiveness

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Maps on 18 Sept 2014, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1080/17445647.2014.957251Mapped topographic features are important for understanding processes that sculpt the Earth's surface. This paper presents maps that are the primary product of an exercise that brought together 27 researchers with an interest in landform mapping wherein the efficacy and causes of variation in mapping were tested using novel synthetic DEMs containing drumlins. The variation between interpreters (e.g. mapping philosophy, experience) and across the study region (e.g. woodland prevalence) opens these factors up to assessment. A priori known answers in the synthetics increase the number and strength of conclusions that may be drawn with respect to a traditional comparative study. Initial results suggest that overall detection rates are relatively low (34–40%), but reliability of mapping is higher (72–86%). The maps form a reference dataset
C-C bond-forming reactions of ground-state aryl halides under reductive activation

Under basic conditions aryl halides can undergo SRN1 reactions, BHAS reactions and benzyne formations. Appropriate complex substrates afford an opportunity to study inherent selectivities. SRN1 reactions are usually favoured under photoactivated conditions, but this paper reports their success using ground-state and transition metal-free conditions. In benzene, the enolate salt 12, derived by deprotonation of diketopiperazine 11, behaves as an electron donor, and assists the initiation of the reactions, but in DMSO, it is not required. The outcomes are compared and contrasted with a recent photochemical study on similar substrates. A particular difference is the prevalence of hydride shuttle reactions under relatively mild thermal conditions
Understanding the water emission in the mid- and far-IR from
  protoplanetary disks around T~Tauri stars

We investigate which properties of protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars
affect the physics and chemistry in the regions where mid- and far-IR water
lines originate and their respective line fluxes. We search for diagnostics for
future observations. With the code ProDiMo, we build a series of models
exploring a large parameter space, computing rotational and rovibrational
transitions of water in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE). We select
a sample of transitions in the mid- IR regime and the fundamental ortho and
para water transitions in the far-IR. We investigate the chemistry and the
local physical conditions in the line emitting regions. We calculate Spitzer
spectra for each model and compare far-IR and mid-IR lines. In addition, we use
mid-IR colors to tie the water line predictions to the dust continuum.
Parameters affecting the water line fluxes in disks by more than a factor of
three are : the disk gas mass, the dust-to-gas mass ratio, the dust maximum
grain size, ISM(InterStellarMedium) UV radiation field, the mixing parameter of
Dubrulle settling, the disk flaring parameter, and the dust size distribution.
The first four parameters affect the mid-IR lines much more than the far-IR
lines. A key driver behind water spectroscopy is the dust opacity, which sets
the location of the water line emitting region. We identify three types of
parameters. Parameters, such as dust-to-gas ratio, ISM radiation field, and
dust size distribution, affect the mid-IR lines more, while the far-IR
transitions are more affected by the flaring index. The gas mass greatly
affects lines in both regimes. Higher spectral resolution and line
sensitivities, like from the James Webb Space Telescope, are needed to detect a
statistically relevant sample of individual water lines to distinguish further
between these types of parameters
First tests of the applicability of $\gamma$-ray imaging for background
  discrimination in time-of-flight neutron capture measurements

In this work we explore for the first time the applicability of using
$\gamma$-ray imaging in neutron capture measurements to identify and suppress
spatially localized background. For this aim, a pinhole gamma camera is
assembled, tested and characterized in terms of energy and spatial performance.
It consists of a monolithic CeBr$_3$ scintillating crystal coupled to a
position-sensitive photomultiplier and readout through an integrated circuit
AMIC2GR. The pinhole collimator is a massive carven block of lead. A series of
dedicated measurements with calibrated sources and with a neutron beam incident
on a $^{197}$Au sample have been carried out at n_TOF, achieving an enhancement
of a factor of two in the signal-to-background ratio when selecting only those
events coming from the direction of the sample.Comment: Preprint submitted to Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
Probing Wilson loops in ${\cal N}=4$ Chern-Simons-matter theories at
  weak coupling

For three-dimensional ${\cal N}=4$ super Chern-Simons-matter theories
associated to necklace quivers $U(N_0) \times U(N_1) \times \cdots U(N_{2r-1})
$, we study at quantum level the two kinds of 1/2 BPS Wilson loop operators
recently introduced in arXiv:1506.07614. We perform a two-loop evaluation and
find the same result for the two kinds of operators, so moving to higher loops
a possible quantum uplift of the classical degeneracy. We also compute the 1/4
BPS bosonic Wilson loop and discuss the quantum version of the cohomological
equivalence between fermionic and bosonic Wilson loops. We compare the
perturbative result with the Matrix Model prediction and find perfect matching,
after identification and remotion of a suitable framing factor. Finally, we
discuss the potential appearance of three-loop contributions that might break
the classical degeneracy and briefly analyse possible implications on the BPS
nature of these operators.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure