pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Feeding interventions for growth and development in infants with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate

Background:
Cleft lip and cleft palate are common birth defects, affecting about one baby of every 700 born. Feeding these babies is an immediate concern and there is evidence of delay in growth of children with a cleft as compared to those without clefting. In an effort to combat reduced weight for height, a variety of advice and devices are recommended to aid feeding of babies with clefts.

Objectives:
This review aims to assess the effects of these feeding interventions in babies with cleft lip and/or palate on growth, development and parental satisfaction.

Search methods:
The following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (to 27 October 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 4), MEDLINE via OVID (1950 to 27 October 2010), EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 27 October 2010), PsycINFO via OVID (1950 to 27 October 2010) and CINAHL via EBSCO (1980 to 27 October 2010). Attempts were made to identify both unpublished and ongoing studies. There was no restriction with regard to language of publication.

Selection criteria:
Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of feeding interventions for babies born with cleft lip, cleft palate or cleft lip and palate up to the age of 6 months (from term).

Data collection and analysis:
Studies were assessed for relevance independently and in duplicate. All studies meeting the inclusion criteria were data extracted and assessed for validity independently by each member of the review team. Authors were contacted for clarification or missing information whenever possible.

Main results:
Five RCTs with a total of 292 babies, were included in the review. Comparisons made within the RCTs were squeezable versus rigid feeding bottles (two studies), breastfeeding versus spoon-feeding (one study) and maxillary plate versus no plate (two studies). No statistically significant differences were shown for any of the primary outcomes when comparing bottle types, although squeezable bottles were less likely to require modification. No difference was shown for infants fitted with a maxillary plate compared to no plate. However, there was some evidence of an effect on weight at 6 weeks post-surgery in favour of breastfeeding when compared to spoon-feeding (mean difference 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.74).

Authors' conclusions:
Squeezable bottles appear easier to use than rigid feeding bottles for babies born with clefts of the lip and/or palate, however, there is no evidence of a difference in growth outcomes between the bottle types. There is weak evidence that breastfeeding is better than spoon-feeding following surgery for cleft. There was no evidence to suggest that maxillary plates assist growth in babies with clefts of the palate. No evidence was found to assess the use of any types of maternal advice and/or support for these babies.Full Tex
Dust-grain processing in circumbinary discs around evolved binaries. The RV Tauri spectral twins RU Centauri and AC Herculis

Contains fulltext :
                  34848.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)
                
                  Contains fulltext :
                  34848.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Context: We study the structure and evolution of the circumstellar discs around evolved binaries and their impact on the evolution of the central system. Aims: By combining a wide range of observational data and techniques, we aim to study in detail the binary nature of RU Cen and AC Her, as well as the structure and mineralogy of the circumstellar environment. Methods: We combine a multi-wavelength observational program with a detailed 2D radiative transfer study. Our radial velocity program is instrumental in the study of the nature of the central stars, while our Spitzer spectra complimented with the broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) are used to constrain mineralogy, grain sizes and physical structure of the circumstellar environment. Results: We determine the orbital elements of RU Cen showing that the orbit is highly eccentric with a large velocity amplitude despite the rather long period of 1500 days. The infrared spectra of both objects are very similar and the spectral dust features are dominated by magnesium-rich crystalline silicates. The small peak-to-continuum ratios are interpreted as being due to large grains. Our model contains two components with a cold midplain dominated by large grains, and the near- and mid-IR which is dominated by the emission of smaller silicates. The infrared excess is well modelled assuming a hydrostatic passive irradiated disc. The profile-fitting of the dust resonances shows that the grains must be very irregular. Conclusions: These two prototypica
An 80 au cavity in the disk around HD 34282

Indexación: Scopus.Context. Large cavities in disks are important testing grounds for the mechanisms proposed to drive disk evolution and dispersion, such as dynamical clearing by planets and photoevaporation. Aims. We aim to resolve the large cavity in the disk around HD 34282, whose presence has been predicted by previous studies modeling the spectral energy distribution of the disk. Methods. Using ALMA band 7 observations we studied HD 34282 with a spatial resolution of 0.10″ × 0.17′′ at 345 GHz. Results. We resolve the disk around HD 34282 into a ring between 0.24′′ and 1.15′′ (78 and 374 au adopting a distance of 325 pc). The emission in this ring shows azimuthal asymmetry centered at a radial distance of 0.46′′ and a position angle of 135° and an azimuthal FWHM of 51°. We detect CO emission both inside the disk cavity and as far out as 2.7 times the radial extent of the dust emission. Conclusions. Both the large disk cavity and the azimuthal structure in the disk around HD 34282 can be explained by the presence of a 50 Mjup brown dwarf companion at a separation of - 0.1′https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2017/11/aa31392-17/aa31392-17.htm
Reactive ion etching of quartz and Pyrex for microelectronic applications

The reactive ion etching of quartz and Pyrex substrates was carried out using CF /Ar and CF /O gas mixtures in a combined radio frequency (rf)/microwave (μw) plasma. It was observed that the etch rate and the surface morphology of the etched regions depended on the gas mixture (CF /Ar or CF /O ), the relative concentration of CF in the gas mixture, the rf power (and the associated self-induced bias) and microwave power. An etch rate of 95 nm/min for quartz was achieved. For samples covered with a thin metal layer, ex situ high resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging indicated that, during etching, surface roughness is produced on the surface beneath the thin metallic mask. Near vertical sidewalls with a taper angle greater than 80° and smooth etched surfaces at the nanometric scale were fabricated by carefully controlling the etching parameters and the masking technique. A simulation of the electrostatic field distribution was carried out to understand the etching process using these masks for the fabrication of high definition features. © 2002 American Institute of Physics
Nest-box design for the study of diurnal raptors and owls is still an overlooked point in ecological, evolutionary and conservation studies: a review

The use of artificial nest-boxes has led to significant progress in bird conservation and in our understanding of the functional and evolutionary ecology of free-ranging birds that exploit cavities for roosting and reproduction. Nest-boxes and their improved accessibility have made it easier to perform comparative and experimental field investigations.  However, concerns about the generality and applicability of scientific studies involving birds breeding in nest-boxes have been raised because the occupants of boxes may differ from conspecifics occupying other nest sites. Here we review the existing evidence demonstrating the importance of nest-box design to individual life-history traits in three falcon (Falconiformes) and seven owl (Strigiformes) species, as well as the extent to which publications on these birds describe the characteristics of exploited artificial nest-boxes in their 'methods' sections. More than 60% of recent publications did not provide any details on nest-box design (e.g. size, shape, material), despite several calls &gt;15 years ago to increase the reporting of such information. We exemplify and discuss how variation in nest-box characteristics can affect or confound conclusions from nest-box studies and conclude that it is of overall importance to present details of nest-box characteristics in scientific publications
Socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children

This article was submitted for publication in the American Journal of Human Biology [© Wiley Periodicals, Inc.] and the definitive version is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22440Objectives: Childhood obesity is a public health concern in Portugal. Socio-demographic and behavioral factors are highly associated with obesity but are not clearly understood. This article aims to update the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and to explore the influence and risks of socio-demographic factors and behavioral factors.\ud
 \ud
\ud
Methods: A cross-sectional study of Portuguese children aged 3–10 years from all 18 mainland districts took place between March 2009 and January 2010. The sample was composed by 17,136 children, 3–10 years of age (8,455 boys; 8,681 girls). Height, weight, and other anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained technicians. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated along with other anthropometric variables. Data analyses took place between April and September 2012. The overweight/obesity classification was established by age-and sex-specific BMI cut-off points as defined by the International obesity task force (IOTF). Parents completed questionnaires about socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the family.\ud
 \ud
\ud
Results: Almost 28% of the Portuguese children were overweight or obese (19.7% overweight; 8.2% obese). Prevalence was greater in girls than in boys. Logistic regression models found that the odds of childhood obesity were significantly affected by biological, socio-demographic, and behavioral factors.\ud
 \ud
\ud
Conclusions: The protective factors against childhood overweight/obesity in this sample of Portuguese children are: (i) being male; (ii) having been breastfeed; (iii) having been born from mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy; (iv) engaging in little sedentary behaviors (TV, PC, and playing electronic games); (iv) performing at least 1 h of moderate physical activity every day; and (v) having parents with higher educational levels who also have their BMI within the healthy ranges
A new method for measuring pistoning in lower limb prosthetic

The quality of suspension in lower limb prosthetics has significant role in amputee's satisfaction. Good suspension lessens the pistoning movement of the residual limb inside the prosthetic socket. A number of methods are used for measuring pistoning; however most of them are difficult to be performed inside the prosthetic clinic and by every prosthetist. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new simple method for measuring pistoning in Transtibial prosthesis in static position. This method was developed in-house at Össur for the first time. In this study we used this technique to measure pistoning between socket and liner in three subjects. The result showed that this method can be an alternative method for measuring pistoning. Moreover, that makes it simple for prosthetists to test pistoning in the clinic and is a safe method for the subject. © 2011 Springer-Verlag
High precision X-ray logN-logS distributions: implications for the
  obscured AGN population

We have constrained the extragalactic source count distributions over a broad
range of X-ray fluxes and in various energy bands to test whether the
predictions from X-ray background synthesis models agree with the observational
constraints provided by our measurements. We have used 1129 XMM-Newton
observations at |b|>20 deg covering a sky area of 132.3 deg^2 to compile the
largest complete samples of X-ray objects to date in the 0.5-1 keV, 1-2 keV,
2-4.5 keV, 4.5-10 keV, 0.5-2 keV and 2-10 keV energy bands. Our survey includes
in excess of 30,000 sources down to ~10^-15 erg/cm^2/s below 2 keV and down to
~10^{-14} erg/cm^2/s above 2 keV. A break in the source count distributions was
detected in all energy bands except the 4.5-10 keV band. An analytical model
comprising 2 power-law components cannot adequately describe the curvature seen
in the source count distributions. The shape of the logN(>S)-logS is strongly
dependent on the energy band with a general steepening apparent as we move to
higher energies. This is due to non-AGN populations, comprised mainly of stars
and clusters of galaxies, contribute up to 30% of the source population at
energies <2 keV and at fluxes >10^{-13} erg/cm^2/s, and these populations of
objects have significantly flatter source count distributions than AGN. We find
a substantial increase in the relative fraction of hard X-ray sources at higher
energies, from >55% below 2 keV to >77% above 2 keV. However the majority of
sources detected above 4.5 keV still have significant flux below 2 keV.
Comparison with predictions from the synthesis models suggest that the models
might be overpredicting the number of faint absorbed AGN, which would call for
fine adjustment of some model parameters such as the obscured to unobscured AGN
ratio and/or the distribution of column densities at intermediate obscuration.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abridged
  Abstract. 23 pages, 47 figures, 8 table
Modeling of plasma turbulence and transport in the Large Plasma Device

Numerical simulation of plasma turbulence in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD)
[Gekelman et al, Rev. Sci. Inst., 62, 2875, 1991] is presented. The model,
implemented in the BOUndary Turbulence (BOUT) code [M. Umansky et al, Contrib.
Plasma Phys. 180, 887 (2009)], includes 3-D collisional fluid equations for
plasma density, electron parallel momentum, and current continuity, and also
includes the effects of ion-neutral collisions. In nonlinear simulations using
measured LAPD density profiles but assuming constant temperature profile for
simplicity, self-consistent evolution of instabilities and
nonlinearly-generated zonal flows results in a saturated turbulent state.
Comparisons of these simulations with measurements in LAPD plasmas reveal good
qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement, in particular in frequency
spectrum, spatial correlation and amplitude probability distribution function
of density fluctuations. For comparison with LAPD measurements, the plasma
density profile in simulations is maintained either by direct azimuthal
averaging on each time step, or by adding particle source/sink function. The
inferred source/sink values are consistent with the estimated ionization source
and parallel losses in LAPD. These simulations lay the groundwork for more a
comprehensive effort to test fluid turbulence simulation against LAPD data
EDMs vs. CPV in B_{s,d} mixing in two Higgs doublet models with MFV

We analyze the correlations between electric dipole moments (EDMs) of the
neutron and heavy atoms and CP violation in B_{s,d} mixing in two Higgs doublet
models respecting the Minimal Flavour Violation hypothesis, with flavour-blind
CP-violating (CPV) phases. In particular, we consider the case of flavour-blind
CPV phases from i) the Yukawa interactions and ii) the Higgs potential. We show
that in both cases the upper bounds on the above EDMs do not forbid sizable
non-standard CPV effects in B_s mixing. However, if a large CPV phase in B_s
mixing will be confirmed, this will imply EDMs very close to their present
experimental bounds, within the reach of the next generation of experiments, as
well as BR(B_{s,d}-> mu^+ mu^-) typically largely enhanced over its SM
expectation. The two flavour-blind CPV mechanisms can be distinguished through
the correlation between S_psi K_S and S_psi phi that is strikingly different if
only one of them is relevant. Which of these two CPV mechanisms dominates
depends on the precise values of S_psi phi and S_psi K_S, as well as on the CKM
phase (as determined by tree-level processes). Current data seems to show a
mild preference for a hybrid scenario where both these mechanisms are at work.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. V2: minor modifications, few typos corrected, few
  refs adde
On the nature of candidate luminous blue variables in M33

Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are expected to play an important role in
massive stellar evolution as well as being the progenitors of some of the most
luminous supernovae known. In this paper we provide a multiwavelength study of
the population of (candidate) LBVs identified within M33. New spectra provide
an observational baseline of >4yr with respect to published data, which is well
suited to identifying LBV outbursts. Multi-epoch optical and mid-IR surveys of
M33 further constrain the variability of the sample and permit a search for
dusty circumstellar ejecta. Spectroscopic and photometric variability appears
common amongst the sample, although in many cases further observations will be
required to determine its physical origin. Nevertheless, we report a new
outburst of M33 Var C, while the transition of the WNLh star B517 to a cooler B
supergiant phase between 1993-2010 confirms an LBV classification.
Proof-of-concept quantitative analysis is provided for Romano's star; the
results being consistent with the finding that its bolometric luminosity varies
during its LBV excursions. The combination of the temperature and luminosity of
two stars, the B hypergiant [HS80] 110A and the cool hypergiant B324, appears
to be in violation of the empirical Humphreys-Davidson limit. Mid-IR
observations demonstrate that a number of candidates appear associated with hot
circumstellar dust, although no objects as extreme as Eta Carinae are
identified. The combined multiwavelength dataset suggests that the population
of LBVs studied is contaminated by stars demonstrating the B[e] phenomenon. Of
these, a subset of optically faint, low luminosity stars associated with hot
dust are of particular interest since they appear similar to the likely
progenitors of SN 2008S and the 2008 NGC300 transient, albeit suffering less
intrinsic extinction. [ABRIDGED]Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
Anomalous Larmour Frequency Dependence of Proton Spin-Lattice Relaxation
  Time (T$_1$) in the Ferroelectric Glycine Phosphite

We report here the results of $^1$H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T$_1$)
studies in Glycine phosphite which is a ferroelectric below 224 K. The
experiments have been carried out in the temperature range from 200 K to 419 K
and at two Larmour frequencies of 11.40MHz and 23.56 MHz. We have noticed a
Larmour frequency dependence on the high temperature side of the T$_1$ minimum
>. A model is proposed based on the BPP theory to explain the observation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 ps figs included, revtex forma
Some remarks on the Bel-Robinson Tensor

In this paper we present our point of view on correct physical interpretation
of the Bel-Robinson tensor within the framework of the standard General
Relativity ({\bf GR}), i.e., within the framework of the {\bf GR} without
supplementary elements like arbitrary vector field, distinguished tetrads field
or second metric. We show that this tensor arises as a consequence of the
Bianchi identities and, in a natural manner, it is linked to the differences of
the canonical gravitational energy-momentum calculated in normal coordinates
{\bf NC(P)}.Comment: 12 pages, no figures, uses Revtex 3.
Neutrino Masses in a 5D $SU(3)_W$ TeV Unification Model

We study the generation of neutrino masses in the $SU(3)_W$ electroweak
unified theory in $M_4\times S_1/(Z_2\times Z'_2)$ spacetime. By appropriate
orbifolding, the bulk symmetry $SU(3)_W$ is broken into $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$
at one of the fixed points, where the quarks reside. The leptons form $SU(3)_W$
triplets, localized at the other symmetric fixed point. The fermion masses
arise from the bulk Higgs sector containing a triplet and an anti-sextet. We
construct neutrino Majorana masses via 1-loop quantum corrections by adding a
parity odd bulk triplet scalar. No right-handed neutrino is needed. The
neutrino mass matrix is of the inverted hierarchy type. We show that the model
can easily accommodate the bi-large mixing angle solution favored by the recent
neutrino experiments without much fine tuning of parameters. The constraints
from $\mu\ra 3e$ transition and neutrinoless double beta decays are discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Full one-loop corrections to neutralino pair production in e+e-
  annihilation

We present the full one-loop radiative corrections to pair production of
neutralinos in e+e- collisions within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model. Particular attention is paid to the definition of weak and QED
corrections. The non-universal QED corrections are extracted by subtracting the
initial state radiation. We give numerical results for two different SUSY
scenarios for e+e- -> neu_1 neu_2 and e+e- -> neu_2 neu_2. The weak and QED
corrections are up to several percent or even higher and need to be taken into
account at future linear collider experiments.Comment: Problem with Mathematica fonts in the figures fixe
Nonequilibrium time evolution of higher order cumulants of conserved
  charges and event-by-event analysis

We investigate the time evolution of higher order cumulants of conserved
charges in a volume with the diffusion master equation. Applying the result to
the diffusion of non-Gaussian fluctuations in the hadronic stage of
relativistic heavy ion collisions, we show that the fourth-order cumulant of
net-electric charge at LHC energy is suppressed compared with the recently
observed second-order cumulant at ALICE, if the higher order cumulants at
hadronization are suppressed compared with their values in the hadron phase in
equilibrium. The significance of the experimental information on the rapidity
window dependence of various cumulants in investigating the history of the
dynamical evolution of the hot medium created in relativistic heavy ion
collisions is emphasized.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Networks of silicon nanowires: a large-scale atomistic electronic
  structure analysis

Networks of silicon nanowires possess intriguing electronic properties
surpassing the predictions based on quantum confinement of individual
nanowires. Employing large-scale atomistic pseudopotential computations, as yet
unexplored branched nanostructures are investigated in the subsystem level, as
well as in full assembly. The end product is a simple but versatile expression
for the bandgap and band edge alignments of multiply-crossing Si nanowires for
various diameters, number of crossings, and wire orientations. Further progress
along this line can potentially topple the bottom-up approach for Si nanowire
networks to a top-down design by starting with functionality and leading to an
enabling structure.Comment: Published version, 5+2 pages (including supplementary material