pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial protein import

The precursors of the mitochondrial proteins ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) and F1-ATPase subunit β (F1β) were accumulated at the stages of binding to receptor sites on the mitochondrial outer membrane, or in contact sites between outer and inner membranes. Specific antibodies raised against the mature proteins were added to the isolated mitochondria and efficiently bound to these translocation intermediates. Further movement of the precursors to consecutive steps along their import pathway was thereby inhibited. Controls showed that precursor proteins which were inserted into or translocated across the outer membrane were not recognized by the antibodies unless the mitochondrial membranes were disrupted. We conclude that the trapped translocation intermediates have antigenic sites exposed to the outside of the outer membrane.
Observational hints of radial migration in disc galaxies from CALIFA

Context. According to numerical simulations, stars are not always kept at their birth galactocentric distances but they have a tendency to migrate. The importance of this radial migration in shaping galactic light distributions is still unclear. However, if radial migration is indeed important, galaxies with different surface brightness (SB) profiles must display differences in their stellar population properties. Aims. We investigate the role of radial migration in the light distribution and radial stellar content by comparing the inner colour, age, and metallicity gradients for galaxies with different SB profiles. We define these inner parts, avoiding the bulge and bar regions and up to around three disc scale lengths (type I, pure exponential) or the break radius (type II, downbending; type III, upbending). Methods. We analysed 214 spiral galaxies from the CALIFA survey covering different SB profiles. We made use of GASP2D and SDSS data to characterise the light distribution and obtain colour profiles of these spiral galaxies. The stellar age and metallicity profiles were computed using a methodology based on full-spectrum fitting techniques (pPXF,GANDALF, and STECKMAP) to the Integral Field Spectroscopic CALIFA data. Results. The distributions of the colour, stellar age, and stellar metallicity gradients in the inner parts for galaxies displaying different SB profiles are unalike as suggested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Anderson-Darling tests. We find a trend in which type II galaxies show the steepest profiles of all, type III show the shallowest, and type I display an intermediate behaviour. Conclusions. These results are consistent with a scenario in which radial migration is more efficient for type III galaxies than for type I systems, where type II galaxies present the lowest radial migration efficiency. In such a scenario, radial migration mixes the stellar content, thereby flattening the radial stellar properties and shaping different SB profiles. However, in light of these results we cannot further quantify the importance of radial migration in shaping spiral galaxies, and other processes, such as recent star formation or satellite accretion, might play a role
A mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder

Anxiety disorders (ADs), namely generalized AD, panic disorder and phobias, are common, etiologically complex conditions with a partially genetic basis. Despite differing on diagnostic definitions based on clinical presentation, ADs likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat-response systems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses in nine samples of European ancestry from seven large, independent studies. To identify genetic variants contributing to genetic susceptibility shared across interview-generated DSM-based ADs, we applied two phenotypic approaches: (1) comparisons between categorical AD cases and supernormal controls, and (2) quantitative phenotypic factor scores (FS) derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes. We used logistic and linear regression, respectively, to analyze the association between these phenotypes and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Meta-analysis for each phenotype combined results across the nine samples for over 18 000 unrelated individuals. Each meta-analysis identified a different genome-wide significant region, with the following markers showing the strongest association: for case-control contrasts, rs1709393 located in an uncharacterized non-coding RNA locus on chromosomal band 3q12.3 (P=1.65 × 10(-8)); for FS, rs1067327 within CAMKMT encoding the calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase on chromosomal band 2p21 (P=2.86 × 10(-9)). Independent replication and further exploration of these findings are needed to more fully understand the role of these variants in risk and expression of ADs
Impacts of anthropogenic land use changes on nutrient concentrations in surface waterbodies : a review

Increased population leads to land use (LU) changes from natural to urban and agricultural LU. These disturbances not only decrease the natural treatment potential but they also worsen surface water quality (SWQ). The aim of this review is to assess studies about impacts of anthropogenic LU changes on levels of nutrient concentrations in surface waterbodies, highlighting the important parameters needed for an integrated simulation. The results reported in the literature are not always fully consistent. These contradictory results can sometimes be explained by field measurements under different climatic conditions, different features of landscapes, air deposition rates on ground surfaces, and groundwater flow interactions with surface water. Integrated modelling has been suggested to overcome these inconsistencies. Physical-based and empirical models are the most popular approaches for LU-SWQ studies. Generally, anthropogenic LU such as agricultural and urban areas usually enhances nutrient concentrations much more than natural lands such as forest and barren. Developing sustainable metropolitan areas instead of rural areas, establishing high-standard wastewater treatment plants, and practicing efficient fertiliser application would ameliorate the poor nutrient conditions in SWQ. Riparian vegetation, grassed swales, and construction of artificial wetlands as buffer zones are the most promising natural water quality control measures
Anti-microbial coating innovations to prevent infectious diseases (AMiCI): cost action ca15114

peer-reviewedWorldwide, millions of patients are affected annually by healthcare-associated infection (HCAI), impacting up to 80,000 patients in European Hospitals on any given day. This represents not only public health risk, but also an economic burden. Complementing routine hand hygiene practices, cleaning and disinfection, antimicrobial coatings\ud
hold promise based, in essence, on the application of materials and chemicals with persistent bactericidal or static properties onto surfaces or in textiles used in healthcare environments. The focus of considerable commercial investment and academic research energies, such antimicrobial coating-based approaches are widely believed to have potential in reduction of microbial numbers on surfaces in clinical settings. This belief exists despite definitive evidence as to their efficacy and is based somewhat on positive studies involving, for example, copper, silver or gold ions, titanium or organosilane, albeit under laboratory conditions. The literature describes successful delay and/or prevention of recontamination following conventional cleaning and disinfection by problematic microbes such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and\ud
vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE), among others. However, there is a scarcity of studies assessing antimicrobial surfaces other than copper in the clinical environment, and a complete lack of published data regarding the successful implementation of these materials on clinically significant outcomes (including HCAI). Through its Cooperation in Science and Technology program (COST), the European Commission has funded a 4-year initiative to establish a network of stakeholders involved in development,\ud
regulation and use of novel anti-microbial coatings for prevention of HCAI. The network (AMiCI) comprises participants of more than 60 universities, research institutes and companies across 29 European countries and, to-date, represents the most comprehensive consortium targeting use of these emergent technologies in healthcare settings. More specifically, the network will prioritise coordinated research on the effects (both positive and negative) of antimicrobial coatings in healthcare sectors; know-how regarding availability and mechanisms of action of (nano)-coatings; possible adverse effects of such materials (e.g., potential emergence of microbial resistance or emission of toxic agents into the environment); standardised performance assessments for antimicrobial coatings; identification and dissemination of best practices by hospitals, other clinical facilities, regulators and manufacturers
"My lung disease won't go away, it's there to stay": profiles of adaptation to functional limitations in workers with asthma and COPD

PURPOSE: Earlier research has shown that adaptation (i.e., the way in which employees cope with limitations resulting from their disease) is associated with sick leave. Our aim was to investigate signs of adequate or inadequate adaptation in employees with asthma and COPD. METHODS: A Q-methodological study was carried out among 34 workers with asthma or COPD. RESULTS: Four adaptation profiles were distinguished: the eager, the adjusted, the cautious, and the worried workers. The adaptation profiles provide insight into the different ways in which workers with asthma and COPD cope with their illness at work. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptation profiles serve as a starting point for the design of appropriate (occupational) care. The eager workers experience little difficulties at work; the cautious workers may need assistance in learning how to accept their disease; the worried workers need reassurance, and may need reactivation; the adjusted workers deserve extra attention, and, when necessary, advice on how to live with their asthma or COP
An analysis of bimanual actions in natural feeding of semi‐wild chimpanzees.

Objective\ud
The objective of the current study was to investigate the lateral dominance for a bimanually coordinated natural feeding behavior in semi‐wild chimpanzees.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
Strychnos spp. fruit consumption behaviors in semi‐wild chimpanzees as an ecologically comparable feeding behavior to those found in cerebral lateralization studies of non‐primate species was investigated. Video recordings of 33 chimpanzees were assessed while they consumed hard‐shelled strychnos fruits. Statistical and descriptive measures of hand dominance to highlight lateralized patterns were explored.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
Statistical evaluation of feeding bouts revealed a group‐level right‐handed bias for bimanual coordinated feeding actions, however, few individuals were statistically lateralized. Descriptive analyses revealed that the majority of individuals were lateralized and possessed a right‐handed bias for strychnos feeding behavior.\ud
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Conclusions\ud
The results provided empirical evidence in support of an early evolutionary delineation of function for the right and left hemispheres. The present findings suggest that great apes express an intermediate stage along the phylogenetic trajectory of human manual lateralization
A Review on Micro-manufacturing, Micro-forming and Their Key Issues

Micro-manufacturing has received good attention globally in terms of its manufacturing methods/processes. One of the most popular micro-manufacturing processes is micro-forming. Many efforts have been focused on micro-forming, mainly on the micro-stamping process due to the process itself contributing numerous products, especially in its conventional macro-process. Most every-day products are made by this process. Although there were efforts made to realize micro-forming for industrial application, the technology itself was seen as being insufficiently mature. Much development work needed to be done, specifically to develop a fully-automated high-volume production micro-forming machine, which is reliable and at all times ready for operation in terms of it processes, tooling, and material-handling to ensure the successful production of micro-products. The paper addresses key issues encountered by researchers worldwide on both micro-manufacturing, specifically micro-forming
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Functionalized Chroman-4-one and  Chromone Derivatives. Somatostatin receptor agonists and Sirt2 inhibitors

Peptides are involved in many physiological processes such as regulation of blood-pressure, food intake, pain transmission and blood-glucose levels. They consist of amino acids that are connected through amide bonds which make peptides hydrophilic and conformationally flexible. Peptides generally make poor oral drugs as amide bonds are easily cleaved by endogenous enzymes. One way to overcome the structural problems with peptides is to develop stabilized mimetics, so called peptidomimetics, via a scaffold approach. The amino acid side chains needed for activity are attached as substituents to the scaffold. 
In this thesis, chroman-4-ones and chromones have been used as scaffolds for the development of peptidomimetics. These frameworks are naturally occurring derivatives containing an oxa-pyran ring. Depending of the substitution pattern they show different biological effects. Synthetic modifications in the 2-, 3-, 6-, and 8-positions of chromones and chroman-4-ones have been conducted. This work has included the development of an efficient synthetic route to obtain 2-alkyl chroman-4-one derivatives. Via bromination in the 3-position of chroman-4-one, various substituents (NH2, Br, OAc, CN, CH2NHCbz) have been introduced either through substitution reactions or via a Sm-mediated Reformatsky reaction. By incorporation of the appropriate substituents on the chromone-4-one and the chromone scaffolds, the biological applications have included the development of β-turn mimetics of the peptide hormone somatostatin. This has resulted in two compounds with agonistic properties for two subtypes of somatostatin receptors.
In addition, functionalized 2-alkyl substituted chroman-4-one and chromone derivatives were developed as selective inhibitors of the Silent information type 2 (Sirt2) enzyme. Sirt2 functions as a deacetylating enzyme using both histones and non-histone proteins (e.g. α-tubulin) as substrates. Sirt2 is located in the cytosol but enters the nucleus during mitosis. Evaluation of a number of chroman-4-one and chromone derivatives resulted in the identification of a series of novel Sirt2-selective inhibitors with IC50 values in the low µM range. Two chroman-4-one derivatives with 2-pyridylethyl substituents in the 2-position of the chroman-4-one showed significant reduction of the proliferation of breast and lung cancer cells using a fluorescent based assay. These results indicate that the synthesized chroman-4-one based Sirt2-selective inhibitors can be valuable in more detailed studies of the function of Sirt2 in cancer
Dynamical breaking of U(1)_{R} and supersymmetry in a metastable vacuum

We consider the metastable N=1 QCD model of Intriligator, Seiberg and Shih
(ISS), deformed by adding a baryon term to the superpotential. This simple
deformation causes the spontaneous breaking of the approximate R-symmetry of
the metastable vacuum. We then gauge the flavour SU(5)_f and identify it with
the parent gauge symmetry of the Standard Model (SM). This implements direct
mediation of supersymmetry breaking without the need for an additional
messenger sector. A reasonable choice of parameters leads to gaugino masses of
the right order. Finally, we speculate that the entire ``ISS x SM'' model
should be interpreted as a magnetic dual of an (unknown) asymptotically free
theory.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. v2 improved discussion of the gaugino masse
Covert visual search within and beyond the effective oculomotor range.

Covert spatial attention is tightly coupled to the eye-movement system, but the precise nature of this coupling remains contentious. Recent research has argued that covert attention and overt eye-movements many share a common biological limit, such that covert exogenous orienting of attention is limited to stimuli that fall within the range of possible eye movements (the effective oculomotor range: EOMR). However, this conclusion is based on a single experimental paradigm: The Posner cueing task. Here, we examine the extent to which covert spatial attention is limited to the EOMR in visual search. Exogenous attention was assessed using a feature search task and endogenous attention assessed using a conjunction search task. The tasks were performed monocularly with the dominant eye in the frontal position or abducted by 40°. In the abducted position stimuli in the temporal hemispace could be seen, but could not become the goal of a saccadic eye-movement (i.e. they were beyond the EOMR). In contrast, stimuli in the nasal hemifield remained within the EOMR. We observed a significant effect of eye-abduction on feature search, such that search was slower when targets appeared beyond the EOMR. In contrast, eye-abduction had no effect on search times during conjunction search. Set size did not interact with target location or eye-position. It is concluded that optimal covert orienting of exogenous attention in visual search is restricted to locations within the effective oculomotor range
A versatile and reliably re-usable ultrahigh vacuum viewport

We present a viewport for use in Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) based upon the
preflattened solder seal design presented in earlier work, Cox et al. Rev. Sci.
Inst. 74, 3185 (2003). The design features significant modifications to improve
long term performance. The windows have been leak tested to less than 10^-10
atm cm^3/s . From atom number measurements in an optical dipole trap loaded
from a vapor cell magneto-optical trap (MOT) inside a vacuum chamber
accommodating these viewports, we measure a trap lifetime of 9.5s suggesting a
pressure of around 10^-10 Torr limited by background Rubidium vapor pressure.
We also present a simplified design where the UHV seal is made directly to a
vacuum pip
Electroweak two-loop contribution to the mass splitting within a new
  heavy SU(2)$_L$ fermion multiplet

New heavy particles in an SU(2)_L multiplet, sometimes introduced in
extensions of the standard model, have highly degenerate tree-level mass M if
their couplings to the Higgs bosons are very small or forbidden. However, loop
corrections may generate the gauge-symmetry-breaking mass splitting within the
multiplet, which does not vanish in the large M limit due to the threshold
singularity. We calculate the electroweak contribution to the mass splitting
for a heavy fermion multiplet, to the two-loop order. Numerically, two-loop
electroweak contributions are typically O(MeV).Comment: 14 pages, style changed, analytic forms of two-loop functions adde
Radio and X-ray study of two multi-shell Supernova Remnants: Kes79 and
  G352.7-0.1

We investigate two multi-shell galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), Kes79 and
G352.7-0.1, to understand the causes of such morphology. The research was
carried out based on new and reprocessed archival VLA observations and
XMM-Newton archival data. The surrounding was investigated based on data
extracted from the HI Canadian Galactic Plane Survey, the 13^CO Galactic Ring
Survey and the HI Southern Galactic Plane Survey. The present study revealed
that the overall morphology of both SNRs is the result of the mass-loss history
of their respective progenitor stars. Kes79 would be the product of the
gravitational collapse of a massive O9 star evolving near a molecular cloud and
within the precursor's wind-driven bubble, while G352.7-0.1 would be the result
of interactions of the SNR with an asymmetric wind from the progenitor together
with projection effects. No radio point source or pulsar wind nebula was found
associated with the X-ray pulsar CXOU J185238.6+004020 in Kes79. The X-ray
study of G352.7-0.1, on its hand, revealed that most of the thermal X-ray
radiation completely fills in the interior of the remnant and originates in
heated ejecta. Characteristic parameters, like radio flux, radio spectral
index, age, distance, shock velocity, initial energy and luminosity, were
estimated for both SNRs.Comment: 14 pages, 13 figures. Accepted to be published in Astronomy and
  Astrophysic
A Search for Neutron Star Precession and Interstellar Magnetic Field
  Variations via Multiepoch Pulsar Polarimetry

In order to study precession and interstellar magnetic field variations, we
measured the polarized position angle of 81 pulsars at several-month intervals
for four years. We show that the uncertainties in a single-epoch measurement of
position angle is usually dominated by random pulse-to-pulse jitter of the
polarized subpulses. Even with these uncertainties, we find that the position
angle variations in 19 pulsars are significantly better fitted (at the 3
{\sigma} level) by a sinusoid than by a constant. Such variations could be
caused by precession, which would then indicate periods of ~ (200 - 1300) d and
amplitudes of ~(1 - 12) degrees. We narrow this collection to four pulsars that
show the most convincing evidence of sinusoidal variation in position angle.
Also, in a handful of pulsars, single discrepant position angle measurements
are observed which may result from the line of sight passing across a discrete
ionized, magnetized structure. We calculate the standard deviation of position
angle measurements from the mean for each pulsar, and relate these to limits on
precession and interstellar magnetic field variations.Comment: Accepted to AP
Restrictions of generalized Verma modules to symmetric pairs

We initiate a new line of investigation on branching problems for generalized
Verma modules with respect to complex reductive symmetric pairs (g,k). Here we
note that Verma modules of g may not contain any simple module when restricted
to a reductive subalgebra k in general.
  In this article, using the geometry of K_C orbits on the generalized flag
variety G_C/P_C, we give a necessary and sufficient condition on the triple
(g,k, p) such that the restriction X|_k always contains simple k-modules for
any g-module $X$ lying in the parabolic BGG category O^p attached to a
parabolic subalgebra p of g.
  Formulas are derived for the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of any simple
k-module occurring in a simple generalized Verma module of g. We then prove
that the restriction X|_k is multiplicity-free for any generic g-module X \in O
if and only if (g,k) is isomorphic to a direct sum of (A_n,A_{n-1}), (B_n,D_n),
or (D_{n+1},B_n). We also see that the restriction X|_k is multiplicity-free
for any symmetric pair (g, k) and any parabolic subalgebra p with abelian
nilradical and for any generic g-module X \in O^p. Explicit branching laws are
also presented.Comment: 31 pages, To appear in Transformation Group
Large Deviations for Multiscale Diffusions via Weak Convergence Methods

We study the large deviations principle for locally periodic stochastic
differential equations with small noise and fast oscillating coefficients.
There are three possible regimes depending on how fast the intensity of the
noise goes to zero relative to the homogenization parameter. We use weak
convergence methods which provide convenient representations for the action
functional for all three regimes. Along the way we study weak limits of related
controlled SDEs with fast oscillating coefficients and derive, in some cases, a
control that nearly achieves the large deviations lower bound at the prelimit
level. This control is useful for designing efficient importance sampling
schemes for multiscale diffusions driven by small noise