pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Proca Stars: gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates of massive spin 1
  particles

We establish that massive complex Abelian vector fields (mass $\mu$) can form
gravitating solitons, when minimally coupled to Einstein's gravity. Such Proca
stars (PSs) have a stationary, everywhere regular and asymptotically flat
geometry. The Proca field, however, possesses a harmonic time dependence
(frequency $w$), realizing Wheeler's concept of geons for an Abelian spin 1
field. We obtain PSs with both a spherically symmetric (static) and an axially
symmetric (stationary) line element. The latter form a countable number of
families labelled by an integer $m\in \mathbb{Z}^+$. PSs, like (scalar) boson
stars, carry a conserved Noether charge, and are akin to the latter in many
ways. In particular, both types of stars exist for a limited range of
frequencies and there is a maximal ADM mass, $M_{max}$, attained for an
intermediate frequency. For spherically symmetric PSs (rotating PSs with
$m=1,2,3$), $M_{max}\simeq 1.058 M_{Pl}^2/\mu$ ($M_{max}\simeq 1.568,\, 2.337,
\, 3.247 \, M_{Pl}^2/\mu$), slightly larger values than those for (mini-)boson
stars. We establish perturbative stability for a subset of solutions in the
spherical case and anticipate a similar conclusion for fundamental modes in the
rotating case. The discovery of PSs opens many avenues of research,
reconsidering five decades of work on (scalar) boson stars, in particular as
possible dark matter candidates.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids from long-baseline interferometry I. CHARA/MIRC detection of the companion of V1334 Cygni

W.G. and G.P. acknowledge financial support for this work from the BASAL Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA) PFB-06/2007. Support from the Polish National Science Centre grant MAESTRO and the Polish Ministry of Science grant Ideas Plus (awarded to G. P.) is also acknowledge. This research received the support of PHASE, the high angular resolution partnership between ONERA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, and University Denis Diderot Paris 7. A.G. acknowledges support from FONDECYT grant 3130361. LSz has been supported by the ESTEC Contract No.4000106398/12/NL/KML.Context. More than 60% of Cepheids are in binary or multiple systems. Studying such systems could lead to a better understanding of the age and evolution of Cepheids. These are also useful tools to estimate the mass of Cepheids, and constrain theoretical models of their pulsation and evolution. Aims. We aim at determining the masses of Cepheids in binary systems, as well as their geometric distances and the flux contribution of the companions. The combination of interferometry with spectroscopy will off er a unique and independent estimate of the Cepheid masses. Methods. Using long-baseline interferometry at visible and infrared wavelengths, it is possible to spatially resolve binary systems containing a Cepheid down to milliarcsecond separations. Based on the resulting visual orbit and radial velocities, we can then derive the fundamental parameters of these systems, particularly the masses of the components and the geometric distance. We therefore performed interferometric observations of the first-overtone mode Cepheid V1334 Cyg with the CHARA/MIRC combiner. Results. We report the first detection of a Cepheid companion using long-baseline interferometry. We detect the signature of a companion orbiting V1334 Cyg at two epochs. We measure a flux ratio between the companion and the Cepheid f = 3.10 ± 0.08%, giving an apparent magnitude mH = 8.47 ± 0.15 mag. The combination of interferometric and spectroscopic data have enabled the unique determination of the orbital elements. P = 1938.6 ± 1.2  days, Tp = 2 443 616.1 ± 7.3, a = 8.54 ± 0.51 mas, i = 124.7 ± 1.8°, e = 0.190 ± 0.013, ω = 228.7 ± 1.6°, and Ω = 206.3 ± 9.4°. We derive a minimal distance d ~ 691 pc, a minimum mass for both stars of 3.6 M⊙, with a spectral type earlier than B5.5V for the companion star. Our measured flux ratio suggests that radial velocity detection of the companion using spectroscopy is within reach, and would provide an orbital parallax and model-free masses.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
H2FC SUPERGEN : an overview of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell research across the UK

The authors would like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for funding H2FC SUPERGEN (EP/J016454/1).The United Kingdom has a vast scientific base across the entire Hydrogen and Fuel Cell research landscape, with a world class academic community coupled with significant industrial activity from both UK-based Hydrogen and Fuel Cell companies and global companies with a strong presence within the country. The Hydrogen and Fuel Cell (H2FC) SUPERGEN Hub, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), was established in 2012 as a five-year programme to bring the UK's H2FC research community together. Here we present the UK's current Hydrogen and Fuel Cell activities along with the role of the H2FC SUPERGEN Hub.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Jordan–Brans–Dicke quantum wormholes and Coleman’s mechanism

We consider the quantum gravity and cosmology of a Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory, predicted by string effective actions. We study its canonical formalism and find that the constraint algebra is that of general relativity, as a consequence of the general covariance of scalar-tensor theories. We also analyze the problem of boundary conditions and propose that they must be imposed in the Jordan frame, in which particles satisfy the strong equivalence principle. Specifically, we discuss both Hartle-Hawking and wormhole boundary conditions in the context of quantum cosmology. We find quantum wormhole solutions for Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravity even in the absence of matter. Wormholes may affect the constants of nature and, in particular, the Brans-Dicke parameter. Following Coleman's mechanism, we find a probability distribution which is strongly peaked at zero cosmological constant and infinite Brans-Dicke parameter. That is, we recover general relativity as the effective low energy theory of gravity
Survey on nonlocal games and operator space theory.

This review article is concerned with a recently ncovered connection between operator spaces, a noncommutative extension of Banach spaces, and quantum nonlocality, a striking phenomenon which underlies many of the applications of quantum mechanics to information theory, cryptography, and algorithms. Using the framework of nonlocal games, we relate measures of the nonlocality of quantum mechanics to certain norms in the Banach and operator space categories. We survey recent results that exploit this connection to derive large violations of Bell inequalities, study the complexity of the classical and quantum values of games and their relation to Grothendieck inequalities, and quantify the nonlocality of different classes of entangled states
Numerical analysis of deflagration initation by a hot jet

Numerical simulations of axisymmetric reactive jets with one-step Arrhenius kinetics are used to investigate the problem of deflagration initiation in a premixed fuel–air mixture by the sudden discharge of a hot jet of its adiabatic reaction products. For the moderately large values of the jet Reynolds number considered in the computations, chemical reaction is seen to occur initially in the thin mixing layer that separates the hot products from the cold reactants. This mixing layer is wrapped around by the starting vortex, thereby enhancing mixing at the jet head, which is followed by an annular mixing layer that trails behind, connecting the leading vortex with the orifice rim. A successful deflagration is seen to develop for values of the orifice radius larger than a critical value a c in the order of the flame thickness of the planar deflagration δL. Introduction of appropriate scales provides the dimensionless formulation of the problem, with flame initiation characterised in terms of a critical Damköhler number Δc=(a d/δL)2, whose parametric dependence is investigated. The numerical computations reveal that, while the jet Reynolds number exerts a limited influence on the criticality conditions, the effect of the reactant diffusivity on ignition is much more pronounced, with the value of Δc increasing significantly with increasing Lewis numbers. The reactant diffusivity affects also the way ignition takes place, so that for reactants with  the flame develops as a result of ignition in the annular mixing layer surrounding the developing jet stem, whereas for highly diffusive reactants with Lewis numbers sufficiently smaller than unity combustion is initiated in the mixed core formed around the starting vortex. The analysis provides increased understanding of deflagration initiation processes, including the effects of differential diffusion, and points to the need for further investigations corporating detailed chemistry models for specific fuel–air mixtures
Search for a Higgs boson in the mass range from 145 to 1000 GeV decaying to a pair of $W$ or $Z$ bosons

A search for a heavy Higgs boson in the $H \to WW$ and $H \to ZZ$ decay channels is reported. The search is based upon proton-proton collision data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 5.1 $fb^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=7 TeV$ and up to 19.7 $fb^{−1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=8 TeV$, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. Several final states of the $H \to WW$ and $H \to ZZ$ decays are analyzed. The combined upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the product of the cross section and branching fraction exclude a Higgs boson with standard model-like couplings and decays in the range 145 < $m_H$ < 1000 GeV. We also interpret the results in the context of an electroweak singlet extension of the standard model
From Designing for the Patient to Designing for a Person

Research on inclusive design stresses the value of user experience as a resource to design with respect for the diversity in human abilities and conditions. So far, however, relatively little research has been conducted on how exactly user experience benefits design processes and their outcome. How is it introduced into the design process, what kind of knowledge do designers get from it, and how does it inform and direct their design process? The study reported here addresses these questions in the context of a design studio in which student architects designed a Maggies Cancer Caring Centre. After briefly discussing the role of (user) experience in design processes, we sketch the context of the Maggies Centres and introduce the assignment and procedure of the design studio. In order to analyse how different sources of information about user experience feature in students design process and outcome, we rely on documents students handed in, notes taken and audio recordings made during conversations with patients and care givers and students presentations. Four sources of information about user experience were addressed explicitly or implicitly by various students: direct communication with cancer patients and with people working at a day care centre; the person of Maggie Keswick; the architectural brief; and exemplary projects of user-sensitive buildings. Despite its limitations, participation in this studio clearly increased students' knowledge on specific users. Many students mentioned the fact that a Maggie's Centre should not be designed for the patient but for a person. If only this insight remains, it will already contribute to them becoming architects who design with more than just functionality in mind. Additionally the existing Maggie's Centres provided students with examples of exceptional architecture. The studio assignment thus drew their attention to the possibility to create extraordinary buildings, appealing to users and specialists alike, designed for the wellbeing of everyone involved with them. By doing so it opened students' eyes to designers ability to really transform the daily lives of the people engaging with the spaces they conceive.status: publishe
Genome-wide association study of kidney function decline in individuals of European descent

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple loci associated with cross-sectional eGFR, but a systematic genetic analysis of kidney function decline over time is missing. Here we conducted a GWAS meta-analysis among 63,558 participants of European descent, initially from 16 cohorts with serial kidney function measurements within the CKDGen Consortium, followed by independent replication among additional participants from 13 cohorts. In stage 1 GWAS meta-analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at MEOX2, GALNT11, IL1RAP, NPPA, HPCAL1, and CDH23 showed the strongest associations for at least one trait, in addition to the known UMOD locus, which showed genome-wide significance with an annual change in eGFR. In stage 2 meta-analysis, the significant association at UMOD was replicated. Associations at GALNT11 with Rapid Decline (annual eGFR decline of 3âml/min per 1.73âm(2) or more), and CDH23 with eGFR change among those with CKD showed significant suggestive evidence of replication. Combined stage 1 and 2 meta-analyses showed significance for UMOD, GALNT11, and CDH23. Morpholino knockdowns of galnt11 and cdh23 in zebrafish embryos each had signs of severe edema 72âh after gentamicin treatment compared with controls, but no gross morphological renal abnormalities before gentamicin administration. Thus, our results suggest a role in the deterioration of kidney function for the loci GALNT11 and CDH23, and show that the UMOD locus is significantly associated with kidney function decline.Kidney International advance online publication, 10 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ki.2014.361.status: publishe
Charm mixing as input for model-independent determinations of the CKM phase γ

The coherence factor and average strong phase difference of D0 and D⎯⎯⎯0 decay amplitudes to the same final state play an important role in the precision determination of the CKM parameter γ using B±→DK± and related decay modes. So far, this important input from the charm sector could only be obtained from measurements based on quantum-correlated DD⎯⎯⎯ pairs produced at the charm threshold. We propose to constrain these parameters using charm mixing, using the large charm samples available at the B factories and LHCb. We demonstrate for the example of D→K+π−π+π− that a substantial improvement in the precision of the coherence factor and average strong phase difference can be obtained with this method, using existing data
The rapidity dependence of the average transverse momentum in p + Pb collisions at the LHC: The Color Glass Condensate versus hydrodynamics

We show that in proton–lead (p + Pb) collisions at the LHC, the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) and hydrodynamics lead to qualitatively different behavior of the average transverse momentum, <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊥</mo></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">〉</mo></math> , with the particle rapidity. In hydrodynamics, the <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊥</mo></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">〉</mo></math> decreases as one goes from zero rapidity, <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math> , to the proton fragmentation region since the number of particles decreases. In contrast, in the CGC the saturation momentum increases as one goes from <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math> to the proton fragmentation region, and so the <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo stretchy="false">〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊥</mo></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">〉</mo></math> increases. At the LHC, the difference between the two models may be large enough to be tested experimentally
Up, down, strange and charm quark masses with Nf=2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD

We present a lattice QCD calculation of the up, down, strange and charm quark masses performed using the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with Nf=2+1+1 dynamical quarks, which include in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and charm quarks with masses close to their physical values. The simulations are based on a unitary setup for the two light quarks and on a mixed action approach for the strange and charm quarks. The analysis uses data at three values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range 210–450 MeV , allowing for accurate continuum limit and controlled chiral extrapolation. The quark mass renormalization is carried out non-perturbatively using the RI′-MOM method. The results for the quark masses converted to the MS¯ scheme are: mud(2 GeV)=3.70(17) MeV , ms(2 GeV)=99.6(4.3) MeV and mc(mc)=1.348(46) GeV . We obtain also the quark mass ratios ms/mud=26.66(32) and mc/ms=11.62(16) . By studying the mass splitting between the neutral and charged kaons and using available lattice results for the electromagnetic contributions, we evaluate mu/md=0.470(56) , leading to mu=2.36(24) MeV and md=5.03(26) MeV
Lepton mixing from the interplay of the alternating group A 5 and CP

Assuming three generations of Majorana neutrinos, we study the different mixing patterns that arise from the non-trivial breaking of the flavor group A 5 and CP to the residual symmetries Z 3 , Z 5 or Z 2 × Z 2 in the charged lepton and to Z 2 × CP in the neutrino sector. All patterns contain only one free parameter θ and thus mixing angles as well as the Dirac and the two Majorana phases are strongly correlated. We perform an analytical and a numerical study of all possible mixing patterns. It turns out that only four patterns can describe the experimentally measured values of the mixing angles for a particular choice of θ well. All of them predict trivial Majorana phases, while the Dirac phase δ is maximal for two patterns and trivial for the two remaining ones. If δ is maximal, also the atmospheric mixing angle is fixed to be maximal
The rare decay H → Zγ in perturbative QCD

The rare Higgs boson decay H → Zγ is forbidden at tree-level. In the Standard Model, it is loop-mediated through a W boson or a heavy quark. We analytically compute the QCD correction to the heavy quark loop, confirming earlier purely numerical results, that were obtained for on-shell renormalization. The small quark mass expansion of the decay matrix element contains only single-logarithmic contributions at each perturbative order, which is in contrast to the double logarithms observed in H → γγ . We investigate the numerical interplay of bottom and top quark contributions, and the dependence of the result on the renormalization scheme
Chemical-structural characterization of solvent and thermal extractable material from perhydrous vitrinites

In this work, the characterization of the non-covalently bonded compounds present in a set of perhydrous coals of different age and geographical location (Cretaceous coals: UCV and TCV and Jurassic coals: AJV, PGJV, WJVh and WJVl) was carried out by means of a combination of the analyses of the material soluble in chloroform and the thermal extract. The extract in chloroform was studied through GC/MS and NMR and the thermovaporized fraction was obtained by means of flash pyrolysis at the Curie temperature of 350°C and quantified by on-line GC-MS. The results obtained for the Cretaceous coals confirm that the substances responsible for the hydrogenation are those covalently bonded to the vitrinite network as a result of the modifications undergone by the botanical precursors. Despite the striking similarity in the global characteristics of these two coals (TCV and UCV) significant differences between the material non-covalently bonded to their coal matrices were found. These differences are attributed to the type of resins present in the coals and/or to their different degree of evolution. With respect to the Jurassic coals, the present study allows the process by which the hydrogenated substances were assimilated into their structure to be established. The characterization of the assimilated substances in the WJVl coal reveals an unexpectedly high incorporation of alkanes given the humic origin of this sample. From these results the assimilation of hydrogen-rich substances from the decomposition of the organic remains in the sedimentary environment in which WJVl precursor were deposited, is proposed. The incorporation of products derived from the primary decomposition of organic material is not evident for the WJVh and AJV coals. The substances assimilated into the coal matrices show a higher aromaticity, the aromatic structures of WJVh being more condensed than those found in AJV. The compositional differences between them probably arise from the different source of the hydrogen-rich material. In the case of AJV coal the source was the adsorption of hydrocarbons generated and migrated from the Pliensbachian source-rocks whereas in WJVh, assimilated compounds come from the material generated by the thermal transformation (coalification) of the adjacent organic rocks of similar age. Finally, PGJV shows two types of non-covalently bonded compounds. Solvent extractable material is mainly composed of the first type of compounds, which is predominantly aliphatic in nature with a preponderance of alkanes. The second type of compounds is more aromatic and they are probably located in the close porosity of this coal. They are not accessible to chloroform but they are the most abundant in the thermal extract.The financial support for this work was provided through a contract with the European Community (No. 7220/EC-769).Peer reviewe
Identification and characterization of a novel factor XIIa inhibitor in the hematophagous insect, Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera : Reduviidae)

Recently, we have cloned several Kazal-type serine protease inhibitors from the midgut of the Triatoma infestans bug. A single gene composed of multi Kazal-type domains, in tandem, encodes these inhibitors. in this work, we describe the purification and characterization of recombinant infestins 3-4 and 4, which are potent factor XIIa inhibitors (K-i = 67 pM and 128 pM, respectively). We also identified the first native factor XIIa inhibitor from a hematophagous insect. the factor XIIa inhibitory activity of infestin 4 demonstrates extremely efficient anticoagulant activity, prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time by approximately 3 times. Our results suggest that infestins perform a very important role in the T. infestans midgut during meal acquisition and digestion by controlling blood coagulation by means of inhibiting thrombin and factor XIIa. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilInst Butantan, Physiol Lab, BR-05504900 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc