pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Updated branching fraction measurements of $B^0_{(s)} \to K_s^0 h^+ h^{\prime-}$ decays

The charmless three-body decays $B^0_{(s)} \to K_s^0 h^+ h^{\prime-}$ (where $h^{(\prime)} = \pi, K$) are analysed using a sample of $pp$ collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{−1}$. The branching fractions are measured relative to that of the $B^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-$ decay, and are determined to be:\ud
$\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0K^+\pi^-)} = 0.123 \pm 0.009(stat) \pm 0.015(syst)$,\ud
$\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0K^+K^-)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-)} = 0.549 \pm 0.018(stat) \pm 0.033(syst)$,\ud
$\frac{\mathcal{B}(B_S^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-)} = 0.191 \pm 0.027(stat) \pm 0.031(syst) \pm 0.011(f_s/f_d)$,\ud
$\frac{\mathcal{B}(B_S^0 \to K_S^0K^{\pm}\pi^{\mp})}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-)} = 1.70 \pm 0.07(stat) \pm 0.11(syst) \pm 0.10(f_s/f_d)$,\ud
$\frac{\mathcal{B}(B_S^0 \to K_S^0K^+K^-)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to K_S^0\pi^+\pi^-)} \in [0.008−0.051]$ at 90% confidence level,\ud
where $f_s/f_d$ represents the ratio of hadronisation fractions of the $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ mesons
Tunneling decay of false vortices with gravitation

We study the effect of vortices on the tunneling decay of a symmetry-breaking
false vacuum in three spacetime dimensions with gravity. The scenario
considered is one in which the initial state, rather than being the homogeneous
false vacuum, contains false vortices. The question addressed is whether, and,
if so, under which circumstances, the presence of vortices has a significant
catalyzing effect on vacuum decay. After studying the existence and properties
of vortices, we study their decay rate through quantum tunneling using a
variety of techniques. In particular, for so-called thin-wall vortices we
devise a one-parameter family of configurations allowing a quantum-mechanical
calculation of tunneling. Also for thin-wall vortices, we employ the Israel
junction conditions between the interior and exterior spacetimes. Matching
these two spacetimes reveals a decay channel which results in an unstable,
expanding vortex. We find that the tunneling exponent for vortices, which is
the dominant factor in the decay rate, is half that for Coleman-de Luccia
bubbles. This implies that vortices are short-lived, making them cosmologically
significant even for low vortex densities. In the limit of the vanishing
gravitational constant we smoothly recover our earlier results for the decay of
the false vortex in a model without gravity.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, Typos correcte
Stiff phases in strongly coupled gauge theories with holographic duals

According to common lore, Equations of State of field theories with gravity
duals tend to be soft, with speeds of sound either below or around the
conformal value of $v_s=1/\sqrt{3}$. This has important consequences in
particular for the physics of compact stars, where the detection of two solar
mass neutron stars has been shown to require very stiff equations of state. In
this paper, we show that no speed limit exists for holographic models at finite
density, explicitly constructing examples where the speed of sound becomes
arbitrarily close to that of light. This opens up the possibility of building
hybrid stars that contain quark matter obeying a holographic equation of state
in their cores.Comment: 22 pages+appendices, 12 figure
Bounds on OPE Coefficients from Interference Effects in the Conformal
  Collider

We apply the average null energy condition to obtain upper bounds on the
three-point function coefficients of stress tensors and a scalar operator,
$\langle TT {\cal O } \rangle,$ in general CFTs. We also constrain the
gravitational anomaly of $U(1)$ currents in four-dimensional CFTs, which are
encoded in three-point functions of the form $\langle TT J \rangle$. In
theories with a large $N$ AdS dual we translate these bounds into constraints
on the coefficient of a higher derivative bulk term of the form $\int
\phi\hspace{.5mm} W^2 $. We speculate that these bounds also apply in
de-Sitter. In this case our results constrain inflationary observables, such as
the amplitude for chiral gravity waves that originate from higher derivative
terms in the Lagrangian of the form $\phi \hspace{.5mm}W W^*$.Comment: 46 pages, 3 figure
Tetraquark operators in lattice QCD and exotic flavour states in the
  charm sector

We present a general class of operators resembling compact tetraquarks which
have a range of colour-flavour-spin structures, transform irreducibly under the
symmetries of the lattice and respect other relevant symmetries. These
constructions are demonstrated in lattice QCD calculations with light quarks
corresponding to $m_\pi =$ 391 MeV. Using the distillation framework,
correlation functions involving large bases of meson-meson and tetraquark
operators are computed in the isospin-1 hidden-charm and doubly-charmed
sectors, and finite-volume spectra are extracted with the variational method.
We find the spectra are insensitive to the addition of tetraquark operators to
the bases of meson-meson operators. For the first time, through using diverse
bases of meson-meson operators, the multiple energy levels associated with
meson-meson levels which would be degenerate in the non-interacting limit are
extracted reliably. The number of energy levels in each spectrum is found to be
equal to the number of expected non-interacting meson-meson levels in the
energy region considered and the majority of energies lie close to the
non-interacting levels. Therefore, there is no strong indication for any bound
state or narrow resonance in the channels we study.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, minor changes to reflect published versio
(p,q)-webs of DIM representations, 5d N=1 instanton partition functions
  and qq-characters

Instanton partition functions of $\mathcal{N}=1$ 5d Super Yang-Mills reduced
on $S^1$ can be engineered in type IIB string theory from the $(p,q)$-branes
web diagram. To this diagram is superimposed a web of representations of the
Ding-Iohara-Miki (DIM) algebra that acts on the partition function. In this
correspondence, each segment is associated to a representation, and the
(topological string) vertex is identified with the intertwiner operator
constructed by Awata, Feigin and Shiraishi. We define a new intertwiner acting
on the representation spaces of levels $(1,n)\otimes(0,m)\to(1,n+m)$, thereby
generalizing to higher rank $m$ the original construction. It allows us to use
a folded version of the usual $(p,q)$-web diagram, bringing great
simplifications to actual computations. As a result, the characterization of
Gaiotto states and vertical intertwiners, previously obtained by some of the
authors, is uplifted to operator relations acting in the Fock space of
horizontal representations. We further develop a method to build qq-characters
of linear quivers based on the horizontal action of DIM elements. While
fundamental qq-characters can be built using the coproduct, higher ones require
the introduction of a (quantum) Weyl reflection acting on tensor products of
DIM generators.Comment: 42 page
Line defect Schur indices, Verlinde algebras and $U(1)_r$ fixed points

Given an $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theory, we reconsider the Schur
index $\mathcal{I}_L(q)$ in the presence of a half line defect $L$. Recently
Cordova-Gaiotto-Shao found that $\mathcal{I}_L(q)$ admits an expansion in terms
of characters of the chiral algebra $\mathcal{A}$ introduced by Beem et al.,
with simple coefficients $v_{L,\beta}(q)$. We report a puzzling new feature of
this expansion: the $q \to 1$ limit of the coefficients $v_{L_,\beta}(q)$ is
linearly related to the vacuum expectation values $\langle L \rangle$ in
$U(1)_r$-invariant vacua of the theory compactified on $S^1$. This relation can
be expressed algebraically as a commutative diagram involving three algebras:
the algebra generated by line defects, the algebra of functions on
$U(1)_r$-invariant vacua, and a Verlinde-like algebra associated to
$\mathcal{A}$. Our evidence is experimental, by direct computation in the
Argyres-Douglas theories of type $(A_1,A_2)$, $(A_1,A_4)$, $(A_1, A_6)$, $(A_1,
D_3)$ and $(A_1, D_5)$. In the latter two theories, which have flavor
symmetries, the Verlinde-like algebra which appears is a new deformation of
algebras previously considered.Comment: 64 pages, 21 figures. v2 published version, references update
Systematics of Aligned Axions

We describe a novel technique that renders theories of $N$ axions tractable,
and more generally can be used to efficiently analyze a large class of periodic
potentials of arbitrary dimension. Such potentials are complex energy
landscapes with a number of local minima that scales as $\sqrt{N!}$, and so for
large $N$ appear to be analytically and numerically intractable. Our method is
based on uncovering a set of approximate symmetries that exist in addition to
the $N$ periods. These approximate symmetries, which are exponentially close to
exact, allow us to locate the minima very efficiently and accurately and to
analyze other characteristics of the potential. We apply our framework to
evaluate the diameters of flat regions suitable for slow-roll inflation, which
unifies, corrects and extends several forms of "axion alignment" previously
observed in the literature. We find that in a broad class of random theories,
the potential is smooth over diameters enhanced by $N^{3/2}$ compared to the
typical scale of the potential. A Mathematica implementation of our framework
is available online.Comment: 68 pages, 17 figure
Positive Geometries and Canonical Forms

Recent years have seen a surprising connection between the physics of
scattering amplitudes and a class of mathematical objects--the positive
Grassmannian, positive loop Grassmannians, tree and loop Amplituhedra--which
have been loosely referred to as "positive geometries". The connection between
the geometry and physics is provided by a unique differential form canonically
determined by the property of having logarithmic singularities (only) on all
the boundaries of the space, with residues on each boundary given by the
canonical form on that boundary. In this paper we initiate an exploration of
"positive geometries" and "canonical forms" as objects of study in their own
right in a more general mathematical setting. We give a precise definition of
positive geometries and canonical forms, introduce general methods for finding
forms for more complicated positive geometries from simpler ones, and present
numerous examples of positive geometries in projective spaces, Grassmannians,
and toric, cluster and flag varieties. We also illustrate a number of
strategies for computing canonical forms which yield interesting
representations for the forms associated with wide classes of positive
geometries, ranging from the simplest Amplituhedra to new expressions for the
volume of arbitrary convex polytopes.Comment: 123 pages, 12 figures, v2: fixed a reference and some minor typo
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Conformal Anomaly and Incompressible
  Fluid Turbulence

We propose an effective conformal field theory (CFT) description of steady
state incompressible fluid turbulence at the inertial range of scales in any
number of spatial dimensions. We derive a KPZ-type equation for the anomalous
scaling of the longitudinal velocity structure functions and relate the
intermittency parameter to the boundary Euler (A-type) conformal anomaly
coefficient. The proposed theory consists of a mean field CFT that exhibits
Kolmogorov linear scaling (K41 theory) coupled to a dilaton. The dilaton is a
Nambu-Goldstone gapless mode that arises from a spontaneous breaking due to the
energy flux of the separate scale and time symmetries of the inviscid
Navier-Stokes equations to a K41 scaling with a dynamical exponent
$z=\frac{2}{3}$. The dilaton acts as a random measure that dresses the K41
theory and introduces intermittency. We discuss the two, three and large number
of space dimensions cases and how entanglement entropy can be used to
characterize the intermittency strength.Comment: 27 pages, revtex; added discussions, added formulas, added referenc
Discrete theta angle from an O5-plane

We consider 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ $Sp(1)$ gauge theory based on a brane
configuration with an O5-plane. At the UV fixed point, the theory with no
matter enjoys enhanced global symmetry $SU(2)$ or $U(1)$ depending on the
discrete theta angle $\theta=0, \pi$ (mod $2\pi$). A naive brane configuration
with an O5-plane, however, does not distinguish two different theories, as it
describes the weak coupling region. We devise a technique for computing 5d
Seiberg-Witten curve of the two theories from the brane web with an O5-plane.
Their Seiberg-Witten curves show that their M5 configurations under the
presence of OM5-planes are different. The decompactification limit of each
Seiberg-Witten curve also shows distinct phase structures in their Coulomb
branch leading to significantly different $(p,q)$ 5-brane configurations with
an O5-plane in the strong coupling region.Comment: v1: 45 pages, 36 figures, v2: published version, v3: a typo correcte
Spontaneous breakdown of charge in the MSSM and in the NMSSM:
  Possibilities and Implications

We study the possibilities and the implications of a spontaneous breakdown of
charge in the MSSM and in the $Z_3$-symmetric NMSSM. The breakdown is triggered
by the charged states of the Higgs doublets acquiring vacuum expectation
values. In the MSSM, it is known that the presence of a charge conserving
minimum for the tree-level Higgs potential precludes a deeper (global)
charge-breaking minimum. We find that the inclusion of radiative correction to
the potential does not alter the situation while a deeper charge-conserving
minimum could arise, albeit with no major practical consequences. In the NMSSM
scenario, a charge-breaking global minimum, with or without an accompanying
charge-conserving deeper minimum, could appear even with the tree-level Higgs
potential thanks to the presence of a charge-neutral scalar state which
transforms as a singlet under the Standard Model gauge group. Use of the NMSSM
Higgs potential that includes both quantum and thermal corrections and the
requirement of a viable (stable or long-lived) vacuum that breaks the
electroweak symmetry, along with its compatibility with the latest Higgs data,
lead to nontrivial constraints on the NMSSM parameter space.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 1 table; matches with published versio
Weak Gravity Conjecture, Multiple Point Principle and the Standard Model
  Landscape

The requirement for an ultraviolet completable theory to be well-behaved upon
compactification has been suggested as a guiding principle for distinguishing
the landscape from the swampland. Motivated by the weak gravity conjecture and
the multiple point principle, we investigate the vacuum structure of the
standard model compactified on $S^1$ and $T^2$. The measured value of the Higgs
mass implies, in addition to the electroweak vacuum, the existence of a new
vacuum where the Higgs field value is around the Planck scale. We explore two-
and three-dimensional critical points of the moduli potential arising from
compactifications of the electroweak vacuum as well as this high scale vacuum,
in the presence of Majorana/Dirac neutrinos and/or axions. We point out
potential sources of instability for these lower dimensional critical points in
the standard model landscape. We also point out that a high scale $AdS_4$
vacuum of the Standard Model, if exists, would be at odd with the conjecture
that all non-supersymmetric $AdS$ vacua are unstable. We argue that, if we
require a degeneracy between three- and four-dimensional vacua as suggested by
the multiple point principle, the neutrinos are predicted to be Dirac, with the
mass of the lightest neutrino O(1-10) meV, which may be tested by future CMB,
large scale structure and $21$cm line observations.Comment: 56 pages, 22 figures, published versio
Coadjoint orbit action of Virasoro group and two-dimensional quantum
  gravity dual to SYK/tensor models

The Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons of the SYK model are described by a coset
space Diff/$\mathbb{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$, where Diff, or Virasoro group, is the
group of diffeomorphisms of the time coordinate valued on the real line or a
circle. It is known that the coadjoint orbit action of Diff naturally turns out
to be the two-dimensional quantum gravity action of Polyakov without
cosmological constant, in a certain gauge, in an asymptotically flat spacetime.
Motivated by this observation, we explore Polyakov action with cosmological
constant and boundary terms, and study the possibility of such a
two-dimensional quantum gravity model being the AdS dual to the low energy (NG)
sector of the SYK model. We find strong evidences for this duality: (a) the
bulk action admits an exact family of asymptotically AdS$_2$ spacetimes,
parameterized by Diff/$\mathbb{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$, in addition to a fixed
conformal factor of a simple functional form; (b) the bulk path integral
reduces to a path integral over Diff/$\mathbb{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$ with a
Schwarzian action; (c) the low temperature free energy qualitatively agrees
with that of the SYK model. We show, up to quadratic order, how to couple an
infinite series of bulk scalars to the Polyakov model and show that it
reproduces the coupling of the higher modes of the SYK model with the NG
bosons.Comment: 2+33 pages (including Appendices), 3 figures; v2 has revised
  discussion of orbits in Section 2, typos corrected; v3 has a new appendix
  analysing the off-shell equations of motion; v4 is published version with
  some more typos corrected; v5 corrects some typesetting error
Chaos, Complexity, and Random Matrices

Chaos and complexity entail an entropic and computational obstruction to
describing a system, and thus are intrinsically difficult to characterize. In
this paper, we consider time evolution by Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE)
Hamiltonians and analytically compute out-of-time-ordered correlation functions
(OTOCs) and frame potentials to quantify scrambling, Haar-randomness, and
circuit complexity. While our random matrix analysis gives a qualitatively
correct prediction of the late-time behavior of chaotic systems, we find
unphysical behavior at early times including an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ scrambling
time and the apparent breakdown of spatial and temporal locality. The salient
feature of GUE Hamiltonians which gives us computational traction is the
Haar-invariance of the ensemble, meaning that the ensemble-averaged dynamics
look the same in any basis. Motivated by this property of the GUE, we introduce
$k$-invariance as a precise definition of what it means for the dynamics of a
quantum system to be described by random matrix theory. We envision that the
dynamical onset of approximate $k$-invariance will be a useful tool for
capturing the transition from early-time chaos, as seen by OTOCs, to late-time
chaos, as seen by random matrix theory.Comment: 61 pages, 14 figures; v2: references added, typos fixe
Fast scrambling in holographic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair

We demonstrate that a holographic model of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair
exhibits fast scrambling. Strongly entangled quark and antiquark in
$\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory are considered. Their gravity dual is a
fundamental string whose endpoints are uniformly accelerated in opposite
direction. We slightly increase the acceleration of the endpoint and show that
it quickly destroys the correlation between the quark and antiquark. The proper
time scale of the destruction is $\tau_\ast\sim \beta \ln S$ where $\beta$ is
the inverse Unruh temperature and $S$ is the entropy of the accelerating quark.
We also evaluate the Lyapunov exponent from correlation function as
$\lambda_L=2\pi/\beta$, which saturates the Lyapunov bound. Our results suggest
that the fast scrambling or saturation of the Lyapunov bound do not directly
imply the existence of an Einstein dual. When we slightly decrease the
acceleration, the quark and antiquark are causally connected and an "one-way
traversable wormhole" is created on the worldsheet. It causes the divergence of
the correlation function between the quark and antiquark.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
AdS5 compactifications with punctures in massive IIA supergravity

We find AdS5 solutions holographically dual to compactifications of
six-dimensional N=(1,0) supersymmetric field theories on Riemann surfaces with
punctures. We simplify a previous analysis of supersymmetric AdS5 IIA
solutions, and with a suitable Ansatz we find explicit solutions organized in
three classes, where an O8--D8 stack, D6- and D4-branes are simultaneously
present, localized and partially localized. The D4-branes are smeared over the
Riemann surface and this is interpreted as the presence of a uniform
distribution of punctures. For the first class we identify the corresponding
six-dimensional theory as an E-string theory coupled to a quiver gauge theory.
The second class of solutions lacks D6-branes and its central charge scales as
$n^{5/2}$, suggesting a five-dimensional origin for the dual field theory. The
last class has elements of the previous two.Comment: 45 pages, 6 figure
Electroweak baryogenesis in the Z3-invariant NMSSM

We calculate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe in the Z3-invariant
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model where the interactions of the
singlino provide the necessary source of charge and parity violation. Using the
closed time path formalism, we derive and solve transport equations for the
cases where the singlet acquires a vacuum expectation value (VEV) before and
during the electroweak phase transition. We perform a detailed scan to show how
the baryon asymmetry varies throughout the relevant parameter space. Our
results show that the case where the singlet acquires a VEV during the
electroweak phase transition typically generates a larger baryon asymmetry,
although we expect that the case where the singlet acquires a VEV first is far
more common for any model in which parameters unify at a high scale. Finally,
we examine the dependence of the baryon asymmetry on the three-body
interactions involving gauge singlets.Comment: 24 pages, version submitted to the journa
Ambitwistor formulations of $R^2$ gravity and $(DF)^2$ gauge theories

We consider $D$-dimensional amplitudes in $R^2$ gravities (conformal gravity
in $D=4$) and in the recently introduced $(DF)^2$ gauge theory, from the
perspective of the CHY formulae and ambitwistor string theory. These theories
are related through the BCJ double-copy construction, and the $(DF)^2$ gauge
theory obeys color-kinematics duality. We work out the worldsheet details of
these theories and show that they admit a formulation as integrals on the
support of the scattering equations, or alternatively, as ambitwistor string
theories. For gravity, this generalizes the work done by Berkovits and Witten
on conformal gravity to $D$ dimensions. The ambitwistor is also interpreted as
a $D$-dimensional generalization of Witten's twistor string (SYM + conformal
supergravity). As part of our ambitwistor investigation, we discover another
$(DF)^2$ gauge theory containing a photon that couples to Einstein gravity.
This theory can provide an alternative KLT description of Einstein gravity
compared to the usual Yang-Mills squared.Comment: 35 pages; v2: references added/updated, revised versio