pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Black hole formation and classicalization in ultra-Planckian 2→N scattering

We establish a connection between the ultra-Planckian scattering amplitudes in field and string theory and unitarization by black hole formation in these scattering processes. Using as a guideline an explicit microscopic theory in which the black hole represents a bound-state of many soft gravitons at the quantum critical point, we were able to identify and compute a set of perturbative amplitudes relevant for black hole formation. These are the tree-level N -graviton scattering S -matrix elements in a kinematical regime (called classicalization limit) where the two incoming ultra-Planckian gravitons produce a large number N of soft gravitons. We compute these amplitudes by using the Kawai–Lewellen–Tye relations, as well as scattering equations and string theory techniques. We discover that this limit reveals the key features of the microscopic corpuscular black hole N -portrait. In particular, the perturbative suppression factor of a N -graviton final state, derived from the amplitude, matches the non-perturbative black hole entropy when N reaches the quantum criticality value, whereas final states with different value of N are either suppressed or excluded by non-perturbative corpuscular physics. Thus we identify the microscopic reason behind the black hole dominance over other final states including non-black hole classical object. In the parameterization of the classicalization limit the scattering equations can be solved exactly allowing us to obtain closed expressions for the high-energy limit of the open and closed superstring tree-level scattering amplitudes for a generic number N of external legs. We demonstrate matching and complementarity between the string theory and field theory in different large- s and large- N regimes
Predictive CP violating relations for charmless two-body decays of beauty baryons Ξb−,0 and Λb0 with flavor SU(3) symmetry

Several baryons containing a heavy b-quark have been discovered. The decays of these states provide new platform for testing the standard model (SM). We study CP violation in SM for charmless two-body decays of the flavor SU(3) anti-triplet beauty baryon (b-baryon) B=(Ξb−,Ξb0,Λb0) in a model independent way. We found, in the flavor SU(3) symmetry limit, a set of new predictive relations among the branching ratio Br and CP asymmetry ACP for B decays, such as ACP(Ξb−→K0Ξ−)/ACP(Ξb−→K¯0Σ−)=−Br(Ξb−→K¯0Σ−)/Br(Ξb−→K0Σ−) , ACP(Λb0→π−p)/ACP(Ξb0→K−Σ+)=−Br(Ξb0→K−Σ+)τΛb0/Br(Λb0→π−p)τΞb0 , and ACP(Λb0→K−p)/ACP(Ξb0→π−Σ+)=−Br(Ξb0→π−Σ+)τΛb0/Br(Λb0→K−p)τΞb0 . Future data from LHCb can test these relations and also other relations found
Re-thinking children’s agency in extreme hardship: Zimbabwean children’s draw-and-write about their HIV-affected peers

We compare two analyses of ‘draw-and-write’ exercises in which 128 Zimbabwean children represented their HIV-affected peers. The first, informed by the ‘new social studies of childhood’, easily identified examples of independent reflection and action by children. The second, informed by Sen’s understandings of agency, drew attention to the negative consequences of many of the choices available to children, and the contextual limits on outcomes children themselves would value: the support of caring adults, adequate food, and opportunities to advance their health and safety. Conceptualisations of agency need to take greater account of children’s own accounts of outcomes they value, rather than identifying agency in any form of independent reflection and action per se
Introduction of a national minimum wage reduceddepressive symptoms in low-wage workers:a quasi-natural experiment in the UK

Does increasing incomes improve health? In 1999, the UK government implemented minimum wage legislation, increasing hourly wages to at least £3.60. This policy experiment created intervention and control groups that can be used to assess the effects of increasing wages on health. Longitudinal data were taken from the British Household Panel Survey. We compared the health effects of higher wages on recipients of the minimum wage with otherwise similar persons who were likely unaffected because (1) their wages were between 100 and 110% of the eligibility threshold or (2) their firms did not increase wages to meet the threshold. We assessed the probability of mental ill health using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. We also assessed changes in smoking, blood pressure, as well as hearing ability (control condition). The intervention group, whose wages rose above the minimum wage, experienced lower probability of mental ill health compared with both control group 1 and control group 2. This improvement represents 0.37 of a standard deviation, comparable with the effect of antidepressants (0.39 of a standard deviation) on depressive symptoms. The intervention group experienced no change in blood pressure, hearing ability, or smoking. Increasing wages significantly improves mental health by reducing financial strain in low-wage workers. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Meson resonances at large N-C: Complex poles vs Breit-Wigner masses

The rigorous quantum mechanical definition of a resonance requires determining the pole position in the second Riemann sheet of the analytically continued partial wave scattering amplitude in the complex Mandelstam s variable plane. For meson resonances we investigate the alternative Breit–Wigner (BW) definition within the large NC expansion. By assuming that the pole position is View the MathML source and exploiting unitarity, we show that the BW determination of the resonance mass differs from the pole position by View the MathML source terms, which can be extracted from ππ scattering data. For the case of the σ (f0(600)) pole, the BW scalar mass is predicted to occur at not, vert, similar700 MeV while the true value is located at not, vert, similar800 MeV.Research supported by DGI and FEDER funds, under contracts FIS2008-01143/FIS and the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme CPAN (CSD2007-00042). by Junta de Andalucia under contract FQM0225. It is part of the European Community-Research Infrastructure Integrating Activity "Study of Strongly Interacting Matter" (acronym HadronPhysics2, Grant Agreement No. 227431) and of the EU Human Resources and Mobility Activity "FLAVIAnet" (contract number MRTN-CT-2006-035482), under the Seventh Framework Programme of EU.Peer reviewe
Supersymmetric solutions of N=2, D=4 SUGRA: The whole ungauged shebang

21 páginas.-- El PDF es la versión pre-print (IFT-UAM/CSIC-06-32\ud
hep-th/0606281).In this article we complete the classification of the supersymmetric solutions of N=2, D=4 ungauged supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of vector- and hypermultiplets.\ud
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We find that in the timelike case the hypermultiplets cause the constant-time hypersurfaces to be curved and have SU(2) holonomy identical to that of the hyperscalar manifold. The solutions have the same structure as without hypermultiplets but now depend on functions which are harmonic in the curved 3-dimensional space. We discuss an example obtained from a hyper-less solution via the c-map.\ud
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In the null case we find that the hyperscalars can only depend on the null coordinate and the solutions are essentially those of the hyper-less case.This work has been\ud
supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education grant Gravitación y la teoría\ud
de supercuerdas BFM2003-01090, by the Comunidad de Madrid grant HEPHACOS P-ESP-\ud
00346, by the Fondo Social Europeo through an I3P project and by the EU Research Training\ud
Network Constituents, Fundamental Forces and Symmetries of the Universe MRTN-CT-2004-\ud
005104.Peer reviewe
Intrinsic magnetism in nanosheets of SnO 2: A first-principles study

arXiv:1210.3533v1We propose intrinsic magnetism in nanosheets of SnO 2, based on first-principles calculations. The electronic structure and spin density reveal that p orbitals of the oxygen atoms, surrounding Sn vacancies, have a non-itinerant nature which gives birth to localized magnetism. A giant decrease in defect formation energies of Sn vacancies in nanosheets is observed. We, therefore, believe that native defects can be stabilized without any chemical doping. Nanosheets of different thicknesses are also studied, and it is found that it is easier to create vacancies, which are magnetic, at the surface of the sheets. SnO 2 nanosheets can, therefore, open new opportunities in the field of spintronics. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.GR acknowledges the cluster facilities of NCP, Pakistan. VMGS thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2010-06053).Peer Reviewe
Disassembly of the JIP1/JNK molecular scaffold by caspase-3-mediated cleavage of JIP1 during apoptosis.

We report here the cleavage of the c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway scaffold protein, JNK Interacting Protein-1 (JIP1), by caspases during both Tumour Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. During the initiation of apoptosis, maximal JNK activation is observed when JIP1 is intact, whereas cleavage of JIP1 correlates with JNK inactivation and progression of apoptosis. JIP1 is cleaved by caspase-3 at two sites, leading to disassembly of the JIP1/JNK complex. Inhibition of JIP1 cleavage by the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD.fmk inhibits this disassembly, and is accompanied by sustained JNK activation. These data suggest that TRAIL and staurosporine induce JNK activation in a caspase-3-independent manner and that caspase-3-mediated JIP1 cleavage plays a role in JNK inactivation via scaffold disassembly during the execution phase of apoptosis. Caspase-mediated cleavage of JIP scaffold proteins may therefore represent an important mechanism for modulation of JNK signalling during apoptotic cell death.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
A scheme for assessing the performance characteristics of small field-of-view gamma cameras.

Existing protocols for assessing the performance characteristics of large field-of-view (LFOV) gamma cameras can be inappropriate and require modification for use with small field-of-view (SFOV) gamma camera systems. This communication proposes a generic scheme suitable for evaluating the performance characteristics of SFOV gamma cameras, based on modifications to the standard procedures of NEMA NU1-2007. Key differences in methodology between tests for LFOV and SFOV gamma cameras are highlighted along with the rationale for these changes. It is envisaged that this scheme will provide more appropriate methods for equipment characterisation, ensuring quality and consistency for all SFOV cameras.This work is supported by an STFC CLASP Grant (ST/I00327/4).\ud
SLB is in receipt of an STFC studentshipPeer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Cross-calibration of the XMM-Newton EPIC pn and MOS on-axis effective areas using 2XMM sources

Aims. We aim to examine the relative cross-calibration accuracy of the on-axis effective areas of the XMM-Newton EPIC pn and MOS instruments.\ud
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Methods. Spectra from a sample of 46 bright, high-count, non-piled-up, isolated on-axis point sources are stacked together, and model residuals are examined to characterize the EPIC MOS-to-pn inter-calibration.\ud
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Results. The MOS1-to-pn and MOS2-to-pn results are broadly very similar. The cameras show the closest agreement below 1 keV, with MOS excesses over pn of 0–2% (MOS1/pn) and 0–3% (MOS2/pn). Above 3 keV, the MOS/pn ratio is consistent with energy-independent (or only mildly increasing) excesses of 7–8% (MOS1/pn) and 5–8% (MOS2/pn). In addition, between 1–2 keV there is a “silicon bump” − an enhancement at a level of 2–4% (MOS1/pn) and 3–5% (MOS2/pn). Tests suggest that the methods employed here are stable and robust.\ud
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Conclusions. The results presented here provide the most accurate cross-calibration of the effective areas of the XMM-Newton EPIC pn and MOS instruments to date. They suggest areas of further research where causes of the MOS-to-pn differences might be found, and allow the potential for corrections and possible rectification of the EPIC cameras to be made in the future.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction drives inflammation and airway smooth muscle remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background Inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mitochondrial oxidative stress might be involved in driving the oxidative stress-induced pathology. Objective We sought to determine the effects of oxidative stress on mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation in ozone-exposed mice and human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. Methods Mice were exposed to ozone, and lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and mitochondrial function were determined. Human ASM cells were isolated from bronchial biopsy specimens from healthy subjects, smokers, and patients with COPD. Inflammation and mitochondrial function in mice and human ASM cells were measured with and without the presence of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Results Mice exposed to ozone, a source of oxidative stress, had lung inflammation and AHR associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reflected by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and reduced mitochondrial complex I, III, and V expression. Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ reduced inflammation and AHR. ASM cells from patients with COPD have reduced ΔΨm, adenosine triphosphate content, complex expression, basal and maximum respiration levels, and respiratory reserve capacity compared with those from healthy control subjects, whereas mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased. Healthy smokers were intermediate between healthy nonsmokers and patients with COPD. Hydrogen peroxide induced mitochondrial dysfunction in ASM cells from healthy subjects. MitoQ and Tiron inhibited TGF-β-induced ASM cell proliferation and CXCL8 release. Conclusions Mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with COPD is associated with excessive mitochondrial ROS levels, which contribute to enhanced inflammation and cell hyperproliferation. Targeting mitochondrial ROS represents a promising therapeutic approach in patients with COPD.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
Driver sleepiness : comparisons between young and older men during a monotonous afternoon simulated drive

NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Biological Psychology. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.01.002.Young male drivers feature predominately in road crash statistics, especially where the driver has\ud
fallen asleep. One possibility is that they are more vulnerable to the effects of sleep loss\ud
compared with older men. We assessed the effect of normal night sleep versus prior sleep\ud
restricted to 5h, in a counterbalanced design, on prolonged afternoon driving in 20 younger (av.\ud
23y) and 20 older (av. 67y) healthy men who drove a full size, real car simulator under\ud
monotonous ‘motorway’ conditions for 2h during the ‘afternoon dip’. Driving was monitored for\ud
sleepiness related lane deviations, EEGs were recorded continuously and subjective ratings of\ud
sleepiness taken every 200sec throughout the drive. Following normal sleep there were no\ud
differences between groups for any measure. After sleep restriction, and compared with the older\ud
group, the younger drivers showed significantly more sleepiness-related deviations, greater 4-11Hz\ud
EEG power, and a near significant increase of subjective sleepiness. Correlations between the\ud
EEG and subjective measures were highly significant for both groups, indicating good self-insight\ud
into increasing sleepiness. This study confirms the greater vulnerability of younger drivers to sleep\ud
loss under prolonged driving, even during the early afternoon
A methodology for biomedical ontology reuse

The abundance of biomedical ontologies is beneficial to the\ud
development of biomedical related systems. However, existing biomedical\ud
ontologies such as the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIT),\ud
Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) and Systematized Nomenclature\ud
of Medicine-Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) are often too large to be\ud
implemented in a particular system and cause unnecessary high usage of\ud
memory and slow down the system’s processing time. Developing a new\ud
ontology from scratch just for the use of a particular system is deemed as\ud
inefficient since it requires additional time and causes redundancy. Thus,\ud
a potentially better method is by reusing existing ontologies. However,\ud
currently there are no specific methods or tools for reusing ontologies.\ud
This paper aims to provide readers with a step by step method in reusing\ud
ontologies together with the tools that can be used to ease the process
DC Conductivity of Magnetised Holographic Matter

We consider general black hole solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
that are holographically dual to conformal field theories at finite charge
density with non-vanishing magnetic fields and local magnetisation currents,
which generically break translation invariance explicitly. We show that the
thermoelectric DC conductivity of the field theory can be obtained by solving a
system of generalised Stokes equations on the black hole horizon. For various
examples, including Q-lattices and one-dimensional lattices, we solve the
Stokes equations explicitly and obtain expressions for the DC conductivity in
terms of the solution at the black hole horizon.Comment: 42 pages. Very minor changes. Published versio
Improved empirical parametrizations of the $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1535)$
  transition amplitudes and the Siegert's theorem

Some empirical parametrizations of the $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1535)$ transition
amplitudes violates the Siegert's theorem, that relates the longitudinal and
the transverse amplitudes, in the pseudo-threshold limit (nucleon and resonance
at rest). In the case of the electromagnetic transition from the nucleon (mass
$M$) to the resonance $N(1525)$ (mass $M_R$), the Siegert's theorem is
sometimes expressed by the relation $|{\bf q}| A_{1/2}= \lambda S_{1/2}$ in the
pseudo-threshold limit, when the photon momentum $|{\bf q}|$ vanishes, and
$\lambda = \sqrt{2} (M_R -M)$. In this article, we argue that the Siegert's
theorem should be expressed by the relation $A_{1/2} = \lambda \frac{S_{1/2}}{
|{\bf q}|}$, in the limit $|{\bf q}| \to 0$. This result is a consequence of
the relation $S_{1/2} \propto |{\bf q}|$, when $|{\bf q}| \to 0$, as suggested
by the analysis of the transition form factors and by the orthogonality between
the nucleon and $N(1535)$ states. We propose then new empirical
parametrizations for the $\gamma^\ast N \to N(1535)$ helicity amplitudes, that
are consistent with the data and the Siegert's theorem. The proposed
parametrization follow closely the MAID2007 parametrization, except for a small
deviation in the amplitudes $A_{1/2}$ and $S_{1/2}$ when $Q^2 < 1.5$ GeV$^2$.Comment: To appear in the Phys.Lett.B. 7 pages, 4 figure
Interpreting $W$ mass measurements in the SMEFT

Measurements of the $W^\pm$ mass ($m_W$) provide an important consistency
check of the Standard Model (SM) and constrain the possibility of physics
beyond the SM. Precision measurements of $m_W$ at hadron colliders are inferred
from kinematic distributions of transverse variables. We examine how this
inference is modified when considering the presence of physics beyond the SM
expressed in terms of local contact operators. We show that Tevatron
measurements of $m_W$ using transverse variables are transparent and applicable
as consistent constraints in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT)
with small measurement bias. This means that the leading challenge to
interpreting these measurements in the SMEFT is the pure theoretical
uncertainty in how these measurements are mapped to Lagrangian parameters. We
stress the need to avoid using naive combinations of Tevatron and LEPII
measurements of $m_W$ without the introduction of any SMEFT theoretical error
to avoid implicit UV assumptions. In a companion paper, we implement our
procedure to consistently incorporate $m_W$ measurements into a global fit.Comment: 6pp, 4 figures V2: minor typo corrections and text clarifications,
  matches journal versio
The Deuteron Spin-dependent Structure Function $g^{d}_1$ and its First Moment

We present a measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g^d_1 based on the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN during the years 2002-2004. The data provide an accurate evaluation for \Gamma^d_1, the first moment of g^d_1(x), and for the matrix element of the singlet axial current, a_0. The results of QCD fits in the next to leading order (NLO) on all g1 deep inelastic scattering data are also presented. They provide two solutions with the gluon spin distribution function \Delta_G positive or negative, which describe the data equally well. In both cases, at Q^2 = 3(GeV/c)^2 the first moment of \Delta G is found to be of the order of 0:2 - 0:3 in absolute value.We present a measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g1d based on the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN during the years 2002-2004. The data provide an accurate evaluation for Gamma_1^d, the first moment of g1d(x), and for the matrix element of the singlet axial current, a0. The results of QCD fits in the next to leading order (NLO) on all g1 deep inelastic scattering data are also presented. They provide two solutions with the gluon spin distribution function Delta G positive or negative, which describe the data equally well. In both cases, at Q^2 = 3 (GeV/c)^2 the first moment of Delta G is found to be of the order of 0.2 - 0.3 in absolute value.We present a measurement of the deuteron spin-dependent structure function g1d based on the data collected by the COMPASS experiment at CERN during the years 2002–2004. The data provide an accurate evaluation for Γ1d , the first moment of g1d(x) , and for the matrix element of the singlet axial current, a0 . The results of QCD fits in the next to leading order (NLO) on all g1 deep inelastic scattering data are also presented. They provide two solutions with the gluon spin distribution function Δ G positive or negative, which describe the data equally well. In both cases, at Q2=3(GeV/c)2 the first moment of ΔG(x) is found to be of the order of 0.2–0.3 in absolute value
Yang-Baxter sigma models and Lax pairs arising from κ-Poincaré r-matrices

Abstract: We study Yang-Baxter sigma models with deformed 4D Minkowski spacetimes arising from classical r-matrices associated with κ-deformations of the Poincaré algebra. These classical κ-Poincaré r-matrices describe three kinds of deformations: 1) the standard deformation, 2) the tachyonic deformation, and 3) the light-cone deformation. For each deformation, the metric and two-form B-field are computed from the associated r-matrix. The first two deformations, related to the modified classical Yang-Baxter equation, lead to T-duals of dS4 and AdS4, respectively. The third deformation, associated with the homogeneous classical Yang-Baxter equation, leads to a time-dependent pp-wave background. Finally, we construct a Lax pair for the generalized κ-Poincaré r-matrix that unifies the three kinds of deformations mentioned above as special cases