pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Late Holocene water level fluctuations of Lake Afourgagh (Middle-Atlas Mountains, Morocco) inferred from charophyte remains

International audienceWater level fluctuations of Lake Afourgagh (Middle-Atlas Mountains, Morocco) over the last 2500 years (Late Holocene) have been reconstructed using charophyte remains in the lake sediment archives. The study involved 22 pits (1-3 m deep) dug along a transect across the lake shore terrace. Biogenic activity appears to be a dominant contributor to the accumulation of the lake sediments, as the thickest deposits are tufas composed of charophyte-encrusted stems with numerous gyrogonites (termed "charophyte tufas"). The gyrogonites were identified as Chara aspera and Chara hispida remains. The spatial distribution of these two species, measured vertically within a single core and horizontally along the shore terrace, varies according to bathymetry. Shallow proximal environments are characterized by the development of C. aspera, whereas C. hispida remains are mostly observed in distal sediments. Moreover, according to their ecological characteristics, the C. hispida belt migrated proximally when the water level rose, whereas the C. aspera belt migrated distally when the water level fell. These trends were observed successively in a single charophyte tufa layer which records the rise, highstand, and fall of lake level in a single depositional sequence. The late Holocene palaeobathymetry of Lake Afourgagh was inferred by comparing data on charophyte remains and deposit geometry. Data provide evidence for four major low lake level phases (estimated in terms of amplitude) which induced the development of palaeosols in proximal settings at 2191 cal. BP, 1769 BP, 1515 cal. BP and 1062 cal. BP. These results confirm the accuracy of charophyte-based palaeobathymetry studies
Relations between organic and terrigenous matter deposition in Holocene fluvial sediments: heterodox observations and conclusions.

International audienceAccumulation of organic matter in fens of fluvial valleys is often related to a low terrigenous matter delivery and to palaeoenvironmental conditions inducing low mechanical erosion. These assumptions come from the interpretation of contents in organic (MO) and mineral (MM) matters in sediments, expressed in percents, and then exactly anticorrelated. Calculation of mass accumulation rates of MO (TaMO) and MM (TaMM), expressed in g m−2 yr−1, shows that TaMO and TaMM generally are not anticorrelated and that high values of TaMO and TaMM could appear simultaneously. That expression of MO and MM accumulation makes it possible to precise the climatic and human impact on sedimentation
Rotational diffusion current of multi-charged redox species by means of Monte Carlo simulation

Multi-charged redox species such as dispersed metal nanoparticles and latex particles have exhibited diffusion-controlled currents, which may be caused by not only the conventionally translational diffusion but also by the rotation of the species or random orientation toward the electrode. Rotational diffusion was here taken into account by use of the multiple redox-charged model particle which moves back and force in thin layer cell as well as rotates clockwise and counterclockwise by means of the Monte Carlo simulation. The steady-state current was smaller than the current which might flow if all the charge were to transfer at infinite rotational speed. The current values had a linear relation with the -1/2 powers of the number of the charge per particle. This relation was in accord with the experimental results of the partial charge transfer reaction of the ferrocene-immobilized latex suspension
Subtraction of power counting breaking terms in chiral perturbation
  theory: spinless matter fields

When matter fields are included in chiral perturbation theory, the
nonvanishing mass in the chiral limit introduces a new energy scale so that the
loop diagrams including such matter field propagators spoil the usual power
counting. However, the power counting breaking terms can be absorbed into
counterterms in the chiral Lagrangian. In this paper, we systematically derive
these terms to leading one-loop order (next-to-next-to leading order in the
chiral expansion) at once by calculating the generating functional using the
path integral. They are then absorbed by counterterms in the next-to-leading
order Lagrangian. The method can be extended to calculating power counting
breaking terms for other matter fields.Comment: 15 page
A new technique to estimate the risk-neutral processes in jump–diffusion commodity futures models

Producción CientíficaIn order to price commodity derivatives, it is necessary to estimate the market prices of risk as well as the functions of the stochastic processes of the factors in the model. However, the estimation of the market prices of risk is an open question in the jump–diffusion derivative literature when a closed-form solution is not known. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for estimating the functions of the risk-neutral processes directly from market data. Moreover, this new approach avoids the estimation of the physical drift as well as the market prices of risk in order to price commodity futures. More precisely, we obtain some results that relate the risk-neutral drifts, volatilities and parameters of the jump amplitude distributions with market data. Finally, we examine the accuracy of the proposed method with NYMEX (New York Mercantile Exchange) data and we show the benefits of using jump processes for modelling the commodity price dynamics in commodity futures models.Junta de Castilla y León (programa de apoyo a proyectos de investigación – Ref. VA191U13
Evidence that the 5p12 Variant rs10941679 Confers Susceptibility to Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer through FGF10 and MRPS30 Regulation

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed increased breast cancer risk associated with multiple genetic variants at 5p12. Here, we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 104,660 subjects from 50 case-control studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). With data for 3,365 genotyped and imputed SNPs across a 1 Mb region (positions 44,394,495–45,364,167; NCBI build 37), we found evidence for at least three independent signals: the strongest signal, consisting of a single SNP rs10941679, was associated with risk of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (per-g allele OR ER+ = 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.18; p = 8.35 × 10−30). After adjustment for rs10941679, we detected signal 2, consisting of 38 SNPs more strongly associated with ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer (lead SNP rs6864776: per-a allele OR ER− = 1.10; 95% CI 1.05–1.14; p conditional = 1.44 × 10−12), and a single signal 3 SNP (rs200229088: per-t allele OR ER+ = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09–1.15; p conditional = 1.12 × 10−05). Expression quantitative trait locus analysis in normal breast tissues and breast tumors showed that the g (risk) allele of rs10941679 was associated with increased expression of FGF10 and MRPS30. Functional assays demonstrated that SNP rs10941679 maps to an enhancer element that physically interacts with the FGF10 and MRPS30 promoter regions in breast cancer cell lines. FGF10 is an oncogene that binds to FGFR2 and is overexpressed in ∼10% of human breast cancers, whereas MRPS30 plays a key role in apoptosis. These data suggest that the strongest signal of association at 5p12 is mediated through coordinated activation of FGF10 and MRPS30, two candidate genes for breast cancer pathogenesis
Guidelines for the good practice of surface wave analysis: a product of the InterPACIFIC project

Surface wave methods gained in the past decades a primary role in many seismic projects. Specifically they are often used to retrieve a 1D shear wave velocity model or to estimate the VS,30 at a site. The complexity of the interpretation process and the variety of possible approaches to surface wave analysis make it very hard to set a fixed standard to assure quality and reliability of the results. The present guidelines provide practical information on the acquisition and analysis of surface wave data by giving some basic principles and specific suggestions related to the most common situations. They are primarily targeted to non-expert users approaching surface wave testing, but can be useful to specialists in the field as a general reference. The guidelines are based on the experience gained within the InterPACIFIC project and on the expertise of the participants in acquisition and analysis of surface wave data
High-Coverage Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Candidate Genes for Suicide in Victims with Major Depressive Disorder

We carried out whole-exome ultra-high throughput sequencing in brain samples of suicide victims who had suffered from major depressive disorder and control subjects who had died from other causes. This study aimed to reveal the selective accumulation of rare variants in the coding and the UTR sequences within the genes of suicide victims. We also analysed the potential effect of STR and CNV variations, as well as the infection of the brain with neurovirulent viruses in this behavioural disorder. As a result, we have identified several candidate genes, among others three calcium channel genes that may potentially contribute to completed suicide. We also explored the potential implication of the TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that uses whole-exome sequencing for the investigation of suicide
Effects of single mutations on the stability of horseradish peroxidase to hydrogen peroxide

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a commonly used enzyme in many biotechnological fields. Improvement of HRP stability would further increase its potential application range. In the present study, 13 single- and three double-mutants of solvent exposed, proximal lysine and glutamic acid residues were analysed for enhanced H2O2 stability. Additionally, five single- and one pentuple-consensus mutants were investigated. Most mutants displayed little or no alteration in H2O2 stability; however, three (K232N, K241F and T110V) exhibited significantly increased H2O2 tolerances of 25- (T110V), 18- (K232N), and 12-fold (K241F). This improved stability may be due to an altered enzyme-H2O2 catalysis pathway or to removal of potentially oxidisable residues
Efficient simulation of Mechanism Kinematics Using Bond Graphs.

This paper presents a methodology for obtaining the equations corresponding to a mechanism that are necessary for carrying out a kinematic simulation. A simulation of this kind means obtaining the coordinates dependent on the system according to the movements imposed by the degrees of freedom. Unlike a dynamic simulation, where the set of elements moves according to the different external forces existing, in kinematic simulation the movement of the whole set depends exclusively on imposing movement on one or more of the bodies according to the degrees of freedom initially possessed by the mechanism. After presenting an analysis of how to obtain the necessary equations for several simple systems, this methodology is applied to the particular case of a front-loader, where in order to move and tilt the bucket, various closed mechanisms are integrated
Standing wave description of nearly conservative, parametrically excited waves in extended systems

We consider the standing wavetrains that appear near threshold in a nearly conservative, parametrically excited, extended system that is invariant under space translations and reflection. Sufficiently close to threshold, the relevant equation is a Ginzburg-Landau equation whose cubic coefficient is extremely sensitive to wavenumber shifts, which can only be understood in the context of a more general quintic equation that also includes two cubic terms involving the spatial derivative. This latter equation is derived from the standard system of amplitude equations for counterpropagating waves, whose validity is well established today. The coefficients of the amplitude equation for standing waves are obtained for 1D Faraday waves in a deep container, to correct several gaps in former analyses in the literature. This application requires to also consider the effect of the viscous mean flow produced by the surface waves, which couples the dynamics of the surface waves themselves with the free surface deformation induced by the mean flow
Recrystallization of amorphous nano-tracks and uniform layers generated by swift-ion-beam irradiation in lithium niobate.

The thermal annealing of amorphous tracks of nanometer-size diameter generated in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) by Bromine ions at 45 MeV, i.e., in the electronic stopping regime, has been investigated by RBS/C spectrometry in the temperature range from 250°C to 350°C. Relatively low fluences have been used (<1012 cm−2) to produce isolated tracks. However, the possible effect of track overlapping has been investigated by varying the fluence between 3×1011 cm−2 and 1012 cm−2. The annealing process follows a two-step kinetics. In a first stage (I) the track radius decreases linearly with the annealing time. It obeys an Arrhenius-type dependence on annealing temperature with activation energy around 1.5 eV. The second stage (II) operates after the track radius has decreased down to around 2.5 nm and shows a much lower radial velocity. The data for stage I appear consistent with a solid-phase epitaxial process that yields a constant recrystallization rate at the amorphous-crystalline boundary. HRTEM has been used to monitor the existence and the size of the annealed isolated tracks in the second stage. On the other hand, the thermal annealing of homogeneous (buried) amorphous layers has been investigated within the same temperature range, on samples irradiated with Fluorine at 20 MeV and fluences of ∼1014 cm−2. Optical techniques are very suitable for this case and have been used to monitor the recrystallization of the layers. The annealing process induces a displacement of the crystalline-amorphous boundary that is also linear with annealing time, and the recrystallization rates are consistent with those measured for tracks. The comparison of these data with those previously obtained for the heavily damaged (amorphous) layers produced by elastic nuclear collisions is summarily discussed
Failure and impact behavior of facade panels made of glass fiber reinforced cement(GRC)

GRC is a cementitious composite material made up of a cement mortar matrix and chopped glass fibers. Due to its outstanding mechanical properties, GRC has been widely used to produce cladding panels and some civil engineering elements. Impact failure of cladding panels made of GRC may occur during production if some tool falls onto the panel, due to stone or other objects impacting at low velocities or caused by debris projected after a blast. Impact failure of a front panel of a building may have not only an important economic value but also human lives may be at risk if broken pieces of the panel fall from the building to the pavement. Therefore, knowing GRC impact strength is necessary to prevent economic costs and putting human lives at risk.\ud
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One-stage light gas gun is an impact test machine capable of testing different materials subjected to impact loads. An experimental program was carried out, testing GRC samples of five different formulations, commonly used in building industry. Steel spheres were shot at different velocities on square GRC samples. The residual velocity of the projectiles was obtained both using a high speed camera with multiframe exposure and measuring the projectile’s penetration depth in molding clay blocks. Tests were performed on young and artificially aged GRC samples to compare GRC’s behavior when subjected to high strain rates. Numerical simulations using a hydrocode were made to analyze which parameters are most important during an impact event.\ud
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GRC impact strength was obtained from test results. Also, GRC’s embrittlement, caused by GRC aging, has no influence on GRC impact behavior due to the small size of the projectile. Also, glass fibers used in GRC production only maintain GRC panels’ integrity but have no influence on GRC’s impact strength. Numerical models have reproduced accurately impact tests
Influence of local wind speed and direction on wind power dynamics - Application to offshore very short-term forecasting

Wind power time series usually show complex dynamics mainly due to non-linearities related to the wind physics and the power transformation process in wind farms. This article provides an approach to the incorporation of observed local variables (wind speed and direction) to model some of these effects by means of statistical models. To this end, a benchmarking between two different families of varying-coefficient models (regime-switching and conditional parametric models) is carried out. The case of the offshore wind farm of Horns Rev in Denmark has been considered. The analysis is focused on one-step ahead forecasting and a time series resolution of 10 min. It has been found that the local wind direction contributes to model some features of the prevailing winds, such as the impact of the wind direction on the wind variability, whereas the non-linearities related to the power transformation process can be introduced by considering the local wind speed. In both cases, conditional parametric models showed a better performance than the one achieved by the regime-switching strategy. The results attained reinforce the idea that each explanatory variable allows the modelling of different underlying effects in the dynamics of wind power time series
Elastoplastic consolidation at finite strain. Part 2: finite element implementation and numerical examples

A mathematical model for finite strain elastoplastic consolidation of fully saturated soil media is implemented into a finite element program. The algorithmic treatment of finite strain elastoplasticity for the solid phase is based on multiplicative decomposition and is coupled with the algorithm for fluid flow via the Kirchhoff pore water pressure. A two-field mixed finite element formulation is employed in which the nodal solid displacements and the nodal pore water pressures are coupled via the linear momentum and mass balance equations. The constitutive model for the solid phase is represented by modified Cam—Clay theory formulated in the Kirchhoff principal stress space, and return mapping is carried out in the strain space defined by the invariants of the elastic logarithmic principal stretches. The constitutive model for fluid flow is represented by a generalized Darcy's law formulated with respect to the current configuration. The finite element model is fully amenable to exact linearization. Numerical examples with and without finite deformation effects are presented to demonstrate the impact of geometric nonlinearity on the predicted responses. The paper concludes with an assessment of the performance of the finite element consolidation model with respect to accuracy and numerical stability
Stochastic optimal hedge ratio: Theory and evidence

The minimum variance hedge ratio is widely used by investors to immunize against the price risk. This hedge ratio is usually assumed to be constant across time by practitioners, which might be too restrictive assumption because the optimal hedge ratio might vary across time. In this paper we put forward a proposition that a stochastic hedge ratio performs differently than a hedge ratio with constant structure even in the situations in which the mean value of the stochastic hedge ratio is equal to the constant hedge ratio. A mathematical proof is provided for this proposition combined with some simulation results and an application to the US stock market during 1999-2009 using weekly data.
A high-order Petrov-Galerkin finite element method for the classical Boussinesq wave model

A high-order Petrov-Galerkin finite element scheme is presented to solve the one-dimensional depth-integrated classical Boussinesq equations for weakly non-linear and weakly dispersive waves. Finite elements are used both in the space and the time domains. The shape functions are bilinear in space-time, whereas the weighting functions are linear in space and quadratic in time, with C0-continuity. Dispersion correction and a highly selective dissipation mechanism are introduced through additional streamline upwind terms in the weighting functions. An implicit, conditionally stable, one-step predictor-corrector time integration scheme results. The accuracy and stability of the non-linear discrete equations are investigated by means of a local Taylor series expansion. A linear spectral analysis is used for the full characterization of the predictor-corrector inner iterations. Based on the order of the analytical terms of the Boussinesq model and on the order of the numerical discretization, it is concluded that the scheme is fourth-order accurate in terms of phase velocity. The dissipation term is third order only affecting the shortest wavelengths. A numerical convergence analysis showed a second-order convergence rate in terms of both element size and time step. Four numerical experiments are addressed and their results are compared with analytical solutions or experimental data available in the literature: the propagation of a solitary wave, the oscillation of a flat bottom closed basin, the oscillation of a non-flat bottom closed basin, and the propagation of a periodic wave over a submerged bar. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.184
Content vs. context for multimedia semantics: the case of SenseCam image structuring

Much of the current work on determining multimedia semantics from multimedia artifacts is based around using either context, or using content. When leveraged thoroughly these can independently provide content description which is used in building content-based applications. However, there are few cases where multimedia semantics are determined based on an integrated analysis of content and context. In this keynote talk we present one such example system in which we use an integrated combination of the two to automatically structure large collections of images taken by a SenseCam, a device from Microsoft Research which passively records a person’s daily activities. This paper describes the post-processing we perform on SenseCam images in order to present a structured, organised visualisation of the highlights of each of the wearer’s days
Polyfuran Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

In this review, polyfuran (PFu) synthesis methods and the nucleation mechanism; the electrochemical, structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of PFu; thermal behavior; theoretical calculations on PFu, as well as its applications reported to date, have been compiled. Not only PFu homopolymers have been reviewed, but also PFu co-polymers, PFu bipolymers, and PFu composites. The results are listed, discussed, and compared. It is hoped that this assembly of all the relevant data might enhance knowledge about this conducting polymer and lead to new research fields
Experimental analysis of stability limits of capillary liquid bridges

This paper deals with the influence of axial microgravity on the stability limits of axisymmetric, cylindrical liquid columns held by capillary forces between two circular, concentric, solid disks. A fair number of experiments have been performed and both the maximum and the minimum volume of liquid that a capillary liquid bridge can withstand have been obtained as a function of the geometry of the liquid bridge and of the value of the axial microgravity acting on it. Experimental results are compared with published theoretical predictions made by other investigators and discrepancies between those results criticized