pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Implications of reduced turbidity current and landslide activity for the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum – evidence from two distal, deep-water sites

AbstractPrevious studies propose that submarine landslides and turbidity currents may become more likely due to future rapid global warming. Determining whether global warming increases likelihood assists in assessment of landslide-triggered tsunami hazards and risk to seafloor structures. Other studies propose that landslides helped to trigger past rapid climate change due to sudden release of gas hydrates. Two deep-water turbidite records show prolonged hiatuses in turbidity current activity during the Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (IETM) at ∼55 Ma. The IETM represents a possible proxy for future anthropogenically-induced climate change. It is likely that our records mainly represent large and fast moving disintegrative submarine landslides. Statistical analysis of long term (>2.3 Myr) records shows that turbidity current frequency significantly decreased after the IETM. Our results indicate that rapid climate change does not necessarily cause increased turbidity current activity, and do not provide evidence for landslides as a primary trigger for the IETM
Challenges of D=6N=(1,1) SYM theory

AbstractMaximally supersymmetric Yang–Mills theories have several remarkable properties, among which are the cancellation of UV divergences, factorization of higher loop corrections and possible integrability. Much attention has been attracted to the N=4D=4 SYM theory. The N=(1,1)D=6 SYM theory possesses similar properties but is nonrenormalizable and serves as a toy model for supergravity. We consider the on-shell four point scattering amplitude and analyze its perturbative expansion within the spin-helicity and superspace formalism. The integrands of the resulting diagrams coincide with those of the N=4D=4 SYM and obey the dual conformal invariance. Contrary to 4 dimensions, no IR divergences on mass shell appear. We calculate analytically the leading logarithmic asymptotics in all loops. Their summation leads to a Regge trajectory which is calculated exactly. The leading powers of s are calculated up to six loops. Their summation is performed numerically and leads to a smooth function of s. The leading UV divergences are calculated up to 5 loops. The result suggests the geometrical progression which ends up in a finite expression. This leads us to a radical point of view on nonrenormalizable theories
Pedunculopontine arousal system physiology—Implications for schizophrenia

AbstractSchizophrenia is characterized by major sleep/wake disturbances including increased vigilance and arousal, decreased slow wave sleep, and increased REM sleep drive. Other arousal-related symptoms include sensory gating deficits as exemplified by decreased habituation of the blink reflex. There is also dysregulation of gamma band activity, suggestive of disturbances in a host of arousal-related mechanisms. This review examines the role of the reticular activating system, especially the pedunculopontine nucleus, in the symptoms of the disease. Recent discoveries on the physiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus help explain many of these disorders of arousal in, and point to novel therapeutic avenues for, schizophrenia
Two- and three-body structure of the Y(4660)

AbstractWe study general features of three-meson bound states using the Y(4660) as an example. Here the Y(4660) is assumed to be either a two-body bound state of the f0(980), itself a bound state of K and K¯, and the ψ′=ψ(2s), or a three-body bound state of ψ′, K, and K¯. In particular, we investigate in detail the interplay of the various scales inherent in the problem, namely the f0 binding energy, the Y binding energy, and the Kψ′ scattering length. This allows us to understand under which circumstances the substructure of the f0(980) can be neglected in the description of the Y(4660)
N3 entropy of M5 branes from dielectric effect

AbstractWe observe that the N3 entropy behavior of near-extremal M5 branes can be reproduced from SYM side with the role of Myersʼ terms. We start by generalizing the Klebanov–Tseytlin (KT) supergravity solution that displays the N3 entropy behavior. The new feature of the general solution is visibility of the “internal” degrees of the M5 branes, i.e., the M0 branes and the M2 branes. With the rationale provided by the supergravity analysis, we consider a D0 brane quantum mechanical setup with Myersʼ terms. Using localization technique, we show that the leading N3 behavior of the free energy comes from the “classical contribution” with the rest subleading
Modelling benthic habitats and biotopes off the coast of Norway to support spatial management

AbstractHabitat conservation, and hence conservation of biodiversity hinges on knowledge of the spatial distribution of habitats, not least those that are particularly valuable or vulnerable. In offshore Norway, benthic habitats are systematically surveyed and described by the national programme MAREANO (Marine AREAl database for NOrwegian waters). Benthic habitats and biotopes are defined in terms of the species composition of their epibenthic megafauna. Some habitats are of special conservation interest on account of their intrinsic value and/or vulnerability (e.g., long-lived species, rareness, to comply with international regulations such as OSPAR). In Norway, off Nordland and Troms, the following habitats of special interest can be found: Umbellula encrinus Stands, Radicipes sp. Meadows, Deep Sea Sponge Aggregations, Seapen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities, Hard Bottom Coral Gardens. In this paper, we used underwater video data collected within the MAREANO programme to define and describe benthic habitats and biotopes of special interest, and to map the geographic distribution thereof by means of habitat modelling.We first evaluated the community structure of each habitat in the list using a SIMPROF test. We determined that the class Deep Sea Sponge Aggregations, as defined by OSPAR, had to be split into at least three classes. We then re-defined seven new types of ecological features, including habitats and biotopes that were sufficiently homogeneous. Then we modelled the spatial distributions of these habitats and biotopes using Conditional Inference Forests. Since the purpose of the distribution maps is to support spatial planning we classified the heat maps using density thresholds.The accuracy of models ranged from fair to excellent. Hard Bottom Coral Gardens were the most rare habitat in terms of total area predicted (224km2, 0.3% of the area modelled), closely followed by Radicipes Meadows (391km2, 0.6%). Soft Bottom Demosponges (Geodid sponges and other taxa) represent the largest habitat, with a predicted area of 9288km2 (14%). Distribution maps of classes defined by habitat-forming species (Hard Bottom Coral Gardens) were more reliable than those defined by a host of species, or where no single species was a clear habitat provider (e.g. Seapen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities). We also put forward that a scale of patchiness larger than the scale of observation, and homogeneity of the community both play a role in model performance, and hence in map usefulness. These along with density threshold values based on observed data should all be taken into account in marine classifications and habitat definitions
Gifts to the Future: Design Reasoning, Design Research, and Critical Design Practitioners

AbstractSet in the context of a particular orthodoxy about the history of design research over the last 50 years, this opinion piece selectively surveys some of the significant findings from research into what expert design reasoning entails. Using the conceit of a pool of knowledge—which has come about from many different design research agendas, using multiple methods, and with differing foci of attention—it indicates some of what we know about design reasoning as a phenomenon by taking three “scoops” from the pool. These scoops, respectively characterize design reasoning as navigating the swamp; having negative capability; and being concerned with framing. This material is then used to contrast expert design reasoning with salient features of some popular characterizations of design thinking. The contribution concludes with some comments on designer formation, centered on the necessity of proficiency in reflection implied by any goal to nurture critical design practitioners
Bridging two ways of describing final-state interactions in A(e,e′p) reactions

AbstractWe outline a relativistic and unfactorized framework to treat the final-state interactions in quasielastic A(e,e′p) reactions for four-momentum transfers Q2≳0.3 (GeV/c)2. The model, which relies on the eikonal approximation, can be used in combination with optical potentials, as well as with the Glauber multiple-scattering method. We argue that such a model can bridge the gap between a typical “low” and “high-energy” description of final-state interactions, in a reasonably smooth fashion. This argument is made on the basis of calculated structure functions, polarization observables and nuclear transparencies for the target nuclei 12C and 16O
On search for eV hidden-sector photons in Super-Kamiokande and CAST experiments

AbstractIf light hidden sector photons (γ′s) exist, they could be produced through kinetic mixing with solar photons in the eV energy range. We propose to search for this hypothetical γ′-flux with the Super-Kamiokande and/or upgraded CAST detectors. The proposed experiments are sensitive to the γ–γ′ mixing strength as small as 10−5≳χ≳10−9 for the γ′ mass region 10−4≲mγ′≲10−1 eV and, in the case of non-observation, would improve limits recently obtained from photon regeneration laser experiments for this mass region
Mixed tensor susceptibility of the QCD vacuum from effective quark–quark interactions

AbstractWe calculate the mixed tensor susceptibility of QCD vacuum in the framework of the global color symmetry model. In our calculation, the functional integration over gluon fields can be performed and the gluonic vacuum observable can be expressed in terms of the quark operators and the effective gluon correlator. The mixed tensor susceptibility was obtained with the subtraction of the perturbative contribution which is evaluated by the Wigner solution of the quark gap equation. Using several different effective quark–quark interaction models, we find the values of the mixed tensor susceptibility are very small
New relations for Einstein–Yang–Mills amplitudes

AbstractWe obtain new relations between Einstein–Yang–Mills (EYM) amplitudes involving N gauge bosons plus a single graviton and pure Yang–Mills amplitudes involving N gauge bosons plus one additional vector boson inserted in a way typical for a gauge boson of a “spectator” group commuting with the group associated to original N gauge bosons. We show that such EYM amplitudes satisfy U(1) decoupling relations similar to Kleiss–Kuijf relations for Yang–Mills amplitudes. We consider a D-brane embedding of EYM amplitudes in the framework of disk amplitudes involving open and closed strings. A new set of monodromy relations is derived for mixed open–closed amplitudes with one closed string inserted on the disk world-sheet and a number of open strings at the boundary. These relations allow expressing the latter in terms of pure open string amplitudes and, in the field-theory limit, they yield the U(1) decoupling relations for EYM amplitudes
W±Z production at hadron colliders in NNLO QCD

AbstractWe report on the first computation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to W±Z production in proton collisions. We consider both the inclusive production of on-shell W±Z pairs at LHC energies and the total W±Z rates including off-shell effects of the W and Z bosons. In the off-shell computation, the invariant mass of the lepton pairs from the Z boson decay is required to be in a given mass window, and the results are compared with the corresponding measurements obtained by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. The NNLO corrections range from 8% at s=7TeV to 11% at s=14TeV and significantly improve the agreement with the LHC data at s=7 and 8TeV
Nucleon electric dipole moments and the isovector parity- and time-reversal-odd pion–nucleon coupling

AbstractThe isovector time-reversal- and parity-violating pion–nucleon coupling g¯π(1) is uniquely sensitive to dimension-six interactions between right-handed light quarks and the Standard Model Higgs doublet that naturally arises in left-right symmetric models. Recent work has used the g¯π(1)-induced one-loop contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment dn, together with the present experimental dn bound, to constrain the CP-violating parameters of the left-right symmetric model. We show that this and related analyses are based on an earlier meson theory dn computation that is not consistent with the power-counting appropriate for an effective field theory. We repeat the one-loop calculation using heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory and find that the resulting dn sensitivity to g¯π(1) is suppressed, implying more relaxed constraints on the parameter space of the left-right symmetric model. Assuming no cancellations between this loop contribution and other contributions, such as the leading order EDM low-energy constant, the present limit on dn implies |g¯π(1)|≲1.1×10−10
Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells using non-synthetic mRNA

AbstractHere we describe some of the crucial steps to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using mRNA transfection. Our approach uses a V. virus-derived capping enzyme instead of a cap-analog, ensuring 100% proper cap orientation for in vitro transcribed mRNA. V. virus' 2′-O-Methyltransferase enzyme creates a cap1 structure found in higher eukaryotes and has higher translation efficiency compared to other methods. Use of the polymeric transfection reagent polyethylenimine proved superior to other transfection methods.The mRNA created via this method did not trigger an intracellular immune response via human IFN-gamma (hIFN-γ) or alpha (hIFN-α) release, thus circumventing the use of suppressors. Resulting mRNA and protein were expressed at high levels for over 48h, thus obviating daily transfections. Using this method, we demonstrated swift activation of pluripotency associated genes in human fibroblasts. Low oxygen conditions further facilitated colony formation. Differentiation into different germ layers was confirmed via teratoma assay.Reprogramming with non-synthetic mRNA holds great promise for safe generation of iPSCs of human origin. Using the protocols described herein we hope to make this method more accessible to other groups as a fast, inexpensive, and non-viral reprogramming approach
The Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor S1PR1 Restricts Sprouting Angiogenesis by Regulating the Interplay between VE-Cadherin and VEGFR2

SummaryAngiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels arise from preexisting ones, is critical for embryonic development and is an integral part of many disease processes. Recent studies have provided detailed information on how angiogenic sprouts initiate, elongate, and branch, but less is known about how these processes cease. Here, we show that S1PR1, a receptor for the blood-borne bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is critical for inhibition of angiogenesis and acquisition of vascular stability. Loss of S1PR1 leads to increased endothelial cell sprouting and the formation of ectopic vessel branches. Conversely, S1PR1 signaling inhibits angiogenic sprouting and enhances cell-to-cell adhesion. This correlates with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-induced signaling and stabilization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin localization at endothelial junctions. Our data suggest that S1PR1 signaling acts as a vascular-intrinsic stabilization mechanism, protecting developing blood vessels against aberrant angiogenic responses
Island landscapes and European culture: An ‘island studies’ perspective

AbstractThe active imagining of a European identity needs to engage with the geographical possibilities, visualisations and performativities of place. It is all too easy but superficial and naive to consider geophysical parameters as the silent backdrop or empty canvas on which cultural initiatives unfold. European islands, amongst other features – mountains, coasts, forests – are imbued with powerful (and often Western) myths and tropes of place: they combine materiality and metaphor, presenting spaces that at once appear open and closed, fixed yet fluid, complete and peripheral, vulnerable yet resilient. The geo-social constitution of their culture is also subject to the vantage point of the observer, him/herself caught in the liminality between being a visitor, being an islander, and various other uneasily defined categories in between.Acknowledging the insights of the likes of Clifford Geertz, Ulf Hannerz, Anna-Maria Greverus and Owe Ronström, this paper proposes that a critical analysis and appreciation of European culture in island landscapes must be one that engages with the nature of islandness; the locus of study should also be the focus of study. This paper also suggests epistemologies to flesh out this approach, its merits, but also the dangers associated with essentialising island spaces and peoples
Exact Witten index in D=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills quantum mechanics

AbstractA new, recursive method of calculating matrix elements of polynomial hamiltonians is proposed. It is particularly suitable for the recent algebraic studies of the supersymmetric Yang–Mills quantum mechanics in any dimensions. For the D=2 system with the SU(2) gauge group, considered here, the technique gives exact, closed expressions for arbitrary matrix elements of the hamiltonian and of the supersymmetric charge, in the occupation number representation. Subsequent numerical diagonalization provides spectrum and restricted Witten index of the system with very high precision (taking into account up to 105 quanta). Independently, the exact value of the restricted Witten index is derived analytically for the first time
Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data

AbstractMaternal vaccination is an important area of research and requires appropriate and internationally comparable definitions and safety standards. The GAIA group, part of the Brighton Collaboration was created with the mandate of proposing standardised definitions applicable to maternal vaccine research. This study proposes international definitions for neonatal infections.The neonatal infections GAIA working group performed a literature review using Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane collaboration and collected definitions in use in neonatal and public health networks. The common criteria derived from the extensive search formed the basis for a consensus process that resulted in three separate definitions for neonatal blood stream infections (BSI), meningitis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). For each definition three levels of evidence are proposed to ensure the applicability of the definitions to different settings.Recommendations about data collection, analysis and presentation are presented and harmonized with the Brighton Collaboration and GAIA format and other existing international standards for study reporting
Uncoupling protein-2 attenuates palmitoleate protection against the cytotoxic production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in INS-1E insulinoma cells

AbstractHigh glucose and fatty acid levels impair pancreatic beta cell function. We have recently shown that palmitate-induced loss of INS-1E insulinoma cells is related to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as both toxic effects are prevented by palmitoleate. Here we show that palmitate-induced ROS are mostly mitochondrial: oxidation of MitoSOX, a mitochondria-targeted superoxide probe, is increased by palmitate, whilst oxidation of the equivalent non-targeted probe is unaffected. Moreover, mitochondrial respiratory inhibition with antimycin A stimulates palmitate-induced MitoSOX oxidation. We also show that palmitate does not change the level of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) and that UCP2 knockdown does not affect palmitate-induced MitoSOX oxidation. Palmitoleate does not influence MitoSOX oxidation in INS-1E cells ±UCP2 and largely prevents the palmitate-induced effects. Importantly, UCP2 knockdown amplifies the preventive effect of palmitoleate on palmitate-induced ROS. Consistently, viability effects of palmitate and palmitoleate are similar between cells ±UCP2, but UCP2 knockdown significantly augments the palmitoleate protection against palmitate-induced cell loss at high glucose. We conclude that UCP2 neither mediates palmitate-induced mitochondrial ROS generation and the associated cell loss, nor protects against these deleterious effects. Instead, UCP2 dampens palmitoleate protection against palmitate toxicity
Constraints on the geodynamic evolution of the Africa–Iberia plate margin across the Gibraltar Strait from seismic tomography

AbstractGeophysical studies point to a complex tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Alboran Basin and Gulf of Cadiz. Tomographic images show strong seismic waves velocity contrasts in the upper mantle. The high velocity anomaly beneath the Alboran Sea recovered by a number of studies is now a well established feature. Several geodynamic reconstructions have been proposed also on the base of these images. We present and elaborate on results coming from a recent tomography study which concentrates on both the Alboran and the adjacent Atlantic region. These new results, while they confirm the existence of the fast anomaly below the Alboran region, also show interesting features of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system below the Atlantic. A high velocity body is imaged roughly below the Horseshoe Abyssal plain down to sub-lithospheric depths. This feature suggests either a possible initiation or relic subduction. Pronounced low velocity anomalies pervade the upper mantle below the Atlantic region and separate the lithospheres of the two regions. We also notice a strong change of the upper mantle velocity structure going from south to north across the Gorringe Bank. This variation in structure could be related to the different evolution in the opening of the central and northern Atlantic oceans