pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Catalytic generation of chlorine with slight overpotential by micellar ferrocene

Ferrocene solubilized with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in aqueous KCl solution
exhibited a well-defined voltammetric peak at 1.33 V vs. Ag|AgCl at a platinum
electrode. The wave was attributed to the oxidation of chloride to chlorine,
demonstrated by smell of chlorine, by a view of formation of gas bubbles, by coloration
through the reaction with diethyl-p-phenylene diamine, and by the increase in the
anodic current with the concentration of chloride. Since no wave was observed in the
ferrocene-free solution or KCl-free solution in this potential domain, the reaction
mechanism was suggested to be the oxidation of chloride into chlorine catalyzed by
micellar ferrocene. The potential at the foot of the wave (1.08 V) was less positive that
the standard potential of Cl2/Cl^-, and hence the reaction may be useful for enhancing the
energetic efficiency at chlor-alkali industry. The value of the peak current was one-sixth
the theoretical diffusion-controlled current, and was proportional to the square-root of
the potential scan rate
Barrier for the reaction X(_20^+)+X(_20^+)-> X(_40 ^2+) in alkali-metal clusters related to electron density at the bond midpoint of the supermolecule (X(_20^+))_2

Producción CientíficaUsing the extended Thomas-Fermi version of density-functional theory (DFT), calculations are
presented for the barrier for the reaction Na_(20)^+ + Na_(20)^+ -> Na_(40)^(2+) The deviation from the simple
Coulomb barrier is shown to be proportional to the electron density at the bond midpoint of the supermolecule
(Na_(20)^+)_2. An extension of conventional quantum-chemical studies of homonuclear diatomic
molecular ions is then effected to apply to the supermolecular ions of the alkali metals. This then allows
the Na results to be utilized to make semiquantitative predictions of position and height of the maximum
of the fusion barrier for other alkali clusters. These predictions are confirmed by means of similar DFT
calculations for the K clusters
A search for point sources of EeV neutrons

A thorough search of the sky exposed at the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory reveals no statistically significant excess of events in any small solid angle that would be indicative of a flux of neutral particles from a discrete source. The search covers from -90 degrees to +15 degrees in declination using four different energy ranges above 1 EeV (10(18) eV). The method used in this search is more sensitive to neutrons than to photons. The upper limit on a neutron flux is derived for a dense grid of directions for each of the four energy ranges. These results constrain scenarios for the production of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the Galaxy
Investigation of the Exclusive 3He(e, e’pn) 1H Reaction

Cross sections for the 3He(e,e' pn)1H reaction were measured for the first time at energy transfers of 220 and 270 MeV for several momentum transfers ranging from 300 to 450 MeV/c. Cross sections are presented as a function of the momentum of the recoil proton and the momentum transfer. Continuum Faddeev calculations using the Argonne V18 and Bonn-B nucleon-nucleon potentials overestimate the measured cross sections by a factor 5 at low recoil proton momentum with the discrepancy becoming smaller at higher recoil proton momentum
Tandem mass spectrometric investigation of acylpolyamines of spider venoms and their 15N-labeled derivatives

The fragmentation mechanism of the acylpentamine toxins 1–4 found in the venom of the spider Agelenopsis aperta has been investigated in detail. To identify the origin of the two doublets of unexpected fragment ions at m/z 129/112 and m/z 115/98, three synthetic 15N-labeled analogs 5–7 have been prepared and subjected to CID fragmentation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. It appears that the unexpected doublet of fragment ions arises from an internal portion of the polyamine backbone after either a transaminative Zip reaction or a sequential fragmentation of the quasi-molecular ion. The second option has been proven by in-source CID experiments. The detailed knowledge of acylpentamine fragmentation mechanisms is essential for the correct characterization of isomeric compounds, particularly for coeluting compounds within complex mixtures such as spider venoms
Laser surface modification of H13 die steel using different laser spot sizes

This paper presents a laser surface modification process of AISI H13 tool steel using three sizes of laser spot with an aim to achieve reduced grain size and surface roughness. A Rofin DC-015 diffusion-cooled CO2 slab laser was used to process AISI H13 tool steel samples. Samples of 10 mm diameter were sectioned to 100 mm length in order to process a predefined circumferential area. The parameters selected for examination were laser peak power, overlap percentage and pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Metallographic study and image analysis were done to measure the grain size and the modified surface roughness was measured using two-dimensional surface profilometer. From metallographic study, the smallest grain sizes measured by laser modified surface were between 0.51 3m and 2.54 3m. The minimum surface roughness, Ra, recorded was 3.0 3m. This surface roughness of the modified die steel is similar to the surface quality of cast products. The grain size correlation with hardness\ud
followed the findings correlate with Hall-Petch relationship. The potential found for increase in surface hardness represents an important method to sustain tooling life
Effect of substrate thermal resistance on space-domain microchannel

In recent years, Fluorescent Melting Curve Analysis (FMCA) has become an almost ubiquitous feature of commercial quantitative PCR (qPCR) thermal cyclers. Here a micro-fluidic device is presented capable of performing FMCA within a microchannel. The device consists of modular thermally conductive blocks which can sandwich a microfluidic substrate. Opposing ends of the blocks are held at differing temperatures and a linear thermal gradient is generated along the microfluidic channel. Fluorescent measurements taken from a sample as it passes along the micro-fluidic channel permits fluorescent melting curves to be generated. In this study we measure DNA melting temperature from two plasmid fragments. The effects of flow velocity and ramp-rate are investigated, and measured melting curves are compared to those acquired from a commercially available PCR thermocycler
Reconstructing forest history from archaeological data: A case study in the Duero basin assessing the origin of controversial forests and the loss of tree populationsof great biogeographical interest

The study of more than 700 charcoals from the Vaccaean settlement of Pintia (Padilla del Duero, Valladolid) provides new local and detailed data about the Iron Age II forest composition in Continental–Mediterranean inland Spain. Pinus gr. sylvestris/nigra (from which an unexpectedly high number of charcoals were identified), together with Mediterranean pines (also highly represented), Juniperus L. and evergreen and deciduous Quercus, were the main taxa living in the area, revealing two different marked biogeographical elements in the late-Holocene landscapes of the Duero basin: Mediterranean and Eurosiberian. On one hand, the results shed new light on the assessment of the origin of Mediterranean pinewoods in the area. On the other hand, the charcoal assemblage of Pintia reveals a more important presence of the current Mediterranean highland pines in the lowlands of the Central Iberian Peninsula in the late-Holocene suggesting the existence of interglacial refugia. Finally, this work highlights palaeoecological studies as valuable tools to support decisions on forest management related to conservation and restoration of our natural heritage
Economic and Financial Crises and the Predictability of U.S. Stock Returns

We argue that the use of publicly available and easily accessible information on economic and financial crises to detect structural breaks in the link between stock returns and macroeconomic predictor variables improves the performance of simple trading rules in real time. In particular, our results suggest that accounting for structural breaks and regime shifts in forecasting regressions caused by economic and financial crises has the potential to increase the out-of-sample predictability of stock returns, the performance of simple trading rules, and the market-timing ability of an investor trading in the U.S. stock market.
Characterizing plastics originating from WEEE: A case study in France

Two studies, TRIPLE (For Analyse des gisements DEEE et optimisation des technologies de TRI des PLastiques EEE (analysis of WEEE and optimization of sorting technologies for WEEE plastics). and VALEEE For VALorisation des composants, matières et substances issus du gisement DEEE (Recovery of components, materials and substances from WEEE).), supported by the French State, the Greater Lyon area (Grand-Lyon), the Rhône-Alpes Region and the French eco-organization ‘‘Eco-systèmes’’, and involving laboratories, recycled material users and recycler partners, were conducted concerning the characterization, sorting and recovery of French WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
To determine the heterogeneity of a 10-ton batch, the WEEE was sorted into families before grinding. Specimens were dismantled and plastic particles were analyzed to estimate their composition. The batch was then crushed and the metals extracted.
The residue containing plastics was sampled at the outlet of the plant and analyzed. The detailed characterization of the plastics sample was used to calculate the estimated sampling error and the overall measurement error. The sample size was determined so as to achieve satisfactory accuracy for the most represented polymers likely to be recovered after recycling.
A simple characterization methodology for use by recycling plants was proposed in order to determine the plastic composition of this waste. The procedure was validated on a second 10-ton batch of sWEEE collected from another location and treated by a different recycling facility.
This article presents the sampling protocol design methodology, then the characterization protocol and its usage limitations.FUI TRIPLE et VALEE
Cardosins in postembryonic development of cardoon: towards an elucidation of the biological function of plant aspartic proteinases

Summary.  Following on from previous work, the temporal and spatial accumulation of the aspartic proteinases (EC 3.4.23) cardosin A and cardosin B during postembryonic seed development of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) was studied. mRNA and protein analyses of both cardosins suggested that the proteins accumulate during seed maturation, and that cardosin A is later synthesised de novo at the time of radicle emergence. Immunocytochemistry revealed that the precursor form of cardosin A accumulates in protein bodies and cell walls. This localisation in seeds is different from that previously described for cardoon flowers, suggesting a tissue-dependent targeting of the protein. It is known that procardosins are active and may have a role in proteolysis and processing of storage proteins. However, the presence of procardosin A in seeds could be related to the proposed role of the plant-specific insert in membrane lipid conversion during water uptake and solute leakage in actively growing tissues. This is in accordance with the recently proposed bifunctional role of aspartic proteinase precursor molecules that possess a membrane-destabilising domain in addition to a protease domain. Mature cardosin B, but not its mRNA, was detected in the first hours after seed imbibition and disappeared at the time of radicle emergence. This extracellular aspartic protease has already been implicated in cell wall loosening and remodelling, and its role in seed germination could be related to loosening tissue constraints for radicle protusion. The described pattern of cardosin A and B expression suggests a finely tuned developmental regulation and prompts an analysis of their possible roles in the physiology of postembryonic development.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00709-008-0288-
Gender stereotypes and the attribution of leadership traits: a cross-cultural comparison

In the present study we analyzed cultural variations of managerial gender typing, i.e., that managers are perceived as possessing traits that are part of the masculine stereotype. Management students of both sexes from three different countries—Australia, Germany, and India—estimated the percentage to which one of three stimulus groups, i.e., executives-in-general (no gender specification), male executives, or female executives, possesses person-oriented and task-oriented leadership traits. Participants also rated the importance of these characteristics for the respective group. Furthermore, another group of participants described themselves regarding the two types of traits and their importance for themselves. Altogether, the results indicate a less traditional view of leadership compared to previous findings, which is very similar in all three countries. Nevertheless, there exists an interculturally shared view of a female-specific leadership competence according to which women possess a higher person orientation than men. The self-descriptions of the female and male management students regarding person- and task-oriented traits were found to be very similar
Replicating web structure in small-scale test\ud
collections

Linkage analysis as an aid to web search has been assumed to be of significant benefit and we know that it is being implemented by many major Search Engines. Why then have few TREC participants been able to scientifically prove the benefits of linkage analysis in recent years? In this paper we put forward reasons why many disappointing results have been found in TREC experiments and we identify the linkage density requirements of a dataset to faithfully support experiments into linkage-based retrieval by examining the linkage structure of the WWW. Based on these requirements we report on methodologies for synthesising such a test collection
Temperature Dependence of the Exciton Gap in Monocrystalline CuGaS2

Single crystals of CuGaS2 have been grown by chemical vapour transport. Their near-band gap photoluminescence properties were investigated in the temperature range of 10-300 K. The variation of the exciton gap energy with temperature was studied by means of a three-parameter thermodynamic model, the Einstein model and the Pässler model. Values of the band gap at T=0 K, of a dimensionless constant related to the electron-phonon coupling, and of an effective and a cut-off phonon energy have been estimated. It has also been found that the major contribution of phonons to the shift of Eg as a function of T in CuGaS2 is mainly from optical phonons
Effects of alternative bedding substrates on lamb welfare, productive performance, and meat quality during the finishing phase of fattening

The study analyzed the effect of using sawdust, cellulose, straw, and rice husk bedding on the welfare, performance and meat quality of lambs during the finishing phase of fattening. Ninety-six lambs (fed ad libitum with concentrate) were assigned to pens containing 1 of 4 bedding materials in groups of 12 for 14 days. Live weight and feed consumption were recorded to estimate daily gain and conversion index, and carcass and meat quality variables were measured. Stereotypies, exploratory interactions with bedding material, and agonistic and affiliative interactions between animals were recorded by continuous sampling techniques using video recording. The substrates affected behavior and stress response variables. There were more stereotypies and agonistic interactions at the beginning of the experiment in all treatments (P ≤ 0.05). The lambs fattened on cellulose bedding interacted more with the substrate throughout the finishing stage (P ≤ 0.05), where there were also more affiliative interactions (P ≤ 0.05). Stress levels were lower in lambs on straw, followed by cellulose. No significant differences in production or carcass and meat quality traits were observed between treatments. The results suggest that all substrates evaluated could be efficiently incorporated into the system as bedding material without affecting productivity or product quality
Using forward calculations of the magnetic field perturbation due to a realistic vascular model to explore the BOLD effect

This paper assesses the reliability of the infinite cylinder model used previously in the literature to simulate blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal changes. A three-dimensional finite element method was applied to a realistic model of the cortical vasculature, and the results compared with those generated from a simple model of the vasculature as a set of independent, randomly oriented, infinite cylinders. The realistic model is based on scanning electron microscopy measurements of the terminal vascular bed in the superficial cortex of the rat. Good agreement is found between the two models with regard to the extravascular R2* and R2 dependence on the cerebral blood volume and blood oxygenation fraction. Using the realistic model, it is also possible to gain further understanding of the relative importance of intravascular and extravascular BOLD contrast. A simple parameterisation of the dependence of the relaxation rates on relative cerebral blood volume and blood-tissue susceptibility difference was carried out, allowing discussion of the variation in the form of the haemodynamic response with field strength. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.122
Series which are both max-plus and min-plus rational are unambiguous

Consider partial maps from the free monoid into the field of real numbers
with a rational domain. We show that two families of such series are actually
the same: the unambiguous rational series on the one hand, and the max-plus and
min-plus rational series on the other hand. The decidability of equality was
known to hold in both families with different proofs, so the above unifies the
picture. We give an effective procedure to build an unambiguous automaton from
a max-plus automaton and a min-plus one that recognize the same series
Using the Xeon Phi platform to run speculatively-parallelized codes

Producción CientíficaIntel Xeon Phi accelerators are one of the newest devices used in the field of parallel computing. However, there are comparatively few studies concerning their performance when using most of the existing parallelization techniques. One of them is thread-level speculation, a technique that optimistically tries to extract parallelism of loops without the need of a compile-time analysis that guarantees that the loop can be executed in parallel. In this article we evaluate the performance delivered by an Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor when using a software, state-of-the-art thread-level speculative parallelization library in the execution of well-known benchmarks. We describe both the internal characteristics of the Xeon Phi platform and the particularities of the thread-level speculation library being used as benchmark. Our results show that, although the Xeon Phi delivers a relatively good speedup in comparison with a shared-memory architecture in terms of scalability, the relatively low computing power of its computational units when specific vectorization and SIMD instructions are not fully exploited makes this first generation of Xeon Phi architectures not competitive (in terms of absolute performance) with respect to conventional multicore systems for the execution of speculatively parallelized code.2018-04-01Castilla-Leon Regional Government (VA172A12-2); MICINN (Spain) and the European Union FEDER (MOGECOPP project TIN2011-25639, HomProg-HetSys project TIN2014-58876-P, CAPAP-H5 network TIN2014-53522-REDT)
Broken Replica Symmetry Bounds in the Mean Field Spin Glass Model

By using a simple interpolation argument, in previous work we have proven the
existence of the thermodynamic limit, for mean field disordered models,
including the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model, and the Derrida p-spin model. Here
we extend this argument in order to compare the limiting free energy with the
expression given by the Parisi Ansatz, and including full spontaneous replica
symmetry breaking. Our main result is that the quenched average of the free
energy is bounded from below by the value given in the Parisi Ansatz uniformly
in the size of the system. Moreover, the difference between the two expressions
is given in the form of a sum rule, extending our previous work on the
comparison between the true free energy and its replica symmetric
Sherrington-Kirkpatrick approximation. We give also a variational bound for the
infinite volume limit of the ground state energy per site.Comment: 16 page
Reparameterization Invariance for Collinear Operators

We discuss restrictions on operators in the soft-collinear effective theory
(SCET) which follow from the ambiguity in the decomposition of collinear
momenta and the freedom in the choice of light-like basis vectors $n$ and $\bar
n$. Invariance of SCET under small changes in $n$ and/or $\bar n$ implies a
symmetry of the effective theory that constrains the form of allowed operators
with collinear fields. The restrictions occur at a given order in the power
counting as well as between different orders. As an example, we present the
complete set of higher order operators that are related to the collinear quark
kinetic term.Comment: 11 page
Egg buoyancy variability in local populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Previous studies have found strong evidences
for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) egg retention in fjords,
which are caused by the combination of vertical salinity
structure, estuarine circulation, and egg specific gravity,
supporting small-scaled geographical differentiations of
local populations. Here, we assess the variability in egg
specific gravity for selected local populations of this species,
that is, two fjord-spawning populations and one
coastal-spawning population from Northern Norway
(66–71 N/10–25 E). Eggs were naturally spawned by
raised broodstocks (March to April 2009), and egg specific
gravity was measured by a density-gradient column. The
phenotype of egg specific gravity was similar among the
three local populations. However, the associated variability
was greater at the individual level than at the population
level. The noted gradual decrease in specific gravity from
gastrulation to hatching with an increase just before
hatching could be a generic pattern in pelagic marine fish
eggs. This study provides needed input to adequately
understand and model fish egg dispersal
A computational model coupling mechanics and electrophysiology in spinal cord injury

Traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury have recently been put under the spotlight as major causes of death and disability in the developed world. Despite the important ongoing experimental and modeling campaigns aimed at understanding the mechanics of tissue and cell damage typically observed in such events, the differenti- ated roles of strain, stress and their corresponding loading rates on the damage level itself remain unclear. More specif- ically, the direct relations between brain and spinal cord tis- sue or cell damage, and electrophysiological functions are still to be unraveled. Whereas mechanical modeling efforts are focusing mainly on stress distribution and mechanistic- based damage criteria, simulated function-based damage cri- teria are still missing. Here, we propose a new multiscale model of myelinated axon associating electrophysiological impairment to structural damage as a function of strain  and strain rate. This multiscale approach provides a new framework for damage evaluation directly relating neuron mechanics and electrophysiological properties, thus provid- ing a link between mechanical trauma and subsequent func- tional deficits