pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The nature of extreme emission line galaxies at z=1-2 : kinematics and metallicities from near-infrared spectroscopy

We present near-infrared spectroscopy of a sample of 22 Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at redshifts 1.3 < z < 2.3, confirming that these are low-mass (M* = 108-109M(circle dot)) galaxies undergoing intense starburst episodes (M*/SFR similar to 10-100 Myr). The sample is selected by [O iii] or Ha emission line flux and equivalent width using near-infrared grism spectroscopy from the 3D-HST survey. High-resolution NIR spectroscopy is obtained with LBT/LUCI and VLT/X-SHOOTER. The [Oiii]/H line ratio is high (greater than or similar to 5) and [N ii]/Ha is always significantly below unity, which suggests a low gas-phase metallicity. We are able to determine gas-phase metallicities for seven of our objects using various strong-line methods, with values in the range 0.05-0.30 Z similar to and with a median of 0.15 Z similar to; for three of these objects we detect [O iii].4363, which allows for a direct constraint on the metallicity. The velocity dispersion, as measured from the nebular emission lines, is typically similar to 50 km s-1. Combined with the observed star-forming activity, the Jeans and Toomre stability criteria imply that the gas fraction must be large (fgas - 2/3), consistent with the difference between our dynamical and stellar mass estimates. The implied gas depletion timescale (several hundred Myr) is substantially longer than the inferred mass-weighted ages (similar to 50 Myr), which further supports the emerging picture that most stars in low-mass galaxies form in short, intense bursts of star formation
Massive protostars as gamma-ray sources.

Massive protostars have associated bipolar outflows with velocities of hundreds of km s-1. Such outflows can produce strong shocks when they interact with the ambient medium leading to regions of nonthermal radio emission. Aims. We aim at exploring under which conditions relativistic particles are accelerated at the terminal shocks of the protostellar jets and whether they can produce significant gamma-ray emission. Methods. We estimate the conditions necessary for particle acceleration up to very high energies and gamma-ray production in the nonthermal hot spots of jets associated with massive protostars embedded in dense molecular clouds. Results. We show that relativistic bremsstrahlung and proton-proton collisions can make molecular clouds with massive young stellar objects detectable by the Fermi satellite at MeV-GeV energies and by Cherenkov telescope arrays in the GeV-TeV range. Conclusions. Gamma-ray astronomy can be used to probe the physical conditions in star-forming regions and particle acceleration processes in the complex environment of massive molecular clouds
Neuroticism, extraversion, goals, and subjective well-being : exploring the relations in young, middle-aged, and older adults

The positive association between intrinsic, as opposed to extrinsic, goal importance and Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is well-documented. However, less is known whether these associations are consistent across age groups and when simultaneously considering personality traits. Structural equation models conducted with young, middle-aged, and older adults indicated that neuroticism was negatively related to SWB across age groups, while extraversion and intrinsic goal importance held age-differential associations: Extraversion was related to SWB in the two younger age groups, whereas in older adults only an indirect effect emerged via intrinsic goal importance. Intrinsic goal importance was related to SWB among young and older adults but not among middle-aged adults. These results underscore the importance of age-differential associations in determinants of SWB
The Rotor-Router Model on Regular Trees

The rotor-router model is a deterministic analogue of random walk. It can be
used to define a deterministic growth model analogous to internal DLA. We show
that the set of occupied sites for this model on an infinite regular tree is a
perfect ball whenever it can be, provided the initial rotor configuration is
acyclic (that is, no two neighboring vertices have rotors pointing to one
another). This is proved by defining the rotor-router group of a graph, which
we show is isomorphic to the sandpile group. We also address the question of
recurrence and transience: We give two rotor configurations on the infinite
ternary tree, one for which chips exactly alternate escaping to infinity with
returning to the origin, and one for which every chip returns to the origin.
Further, we characterize the possible "escape sequences" for the ternary tree,
that is, binary words a_1 ... a_n for which there exists a rotor configuration
so that the k-th chip escapes to infinity if and only if a_k=1.Comment: v2 incorporates referee comments, clarifies that the results of
  section 2 apply also to multigraph
Proton Hexality from an Anomalous Flavor U(1) and Neutrino Masses -
  Linking to the String Scale

We devise minimalistic gauged U(1)_X Froggatt-Nielsen models which at
low-energy give rise to the recently suggested discrete gauge Z_6 symmetry,
proton hexality, thus stabilizing the proton. Assuming three generations of
right-handed neutrinos, with the proper choice of X-charges, we obtain viable
neutrino masses. Furthermore, we find scenarios such that no X-charged hidden
sector superfields are needed, which from a bottom-up perspective allows the
calculation of g_string, g_X and G_SM's Kac-Moody levels. The only mass scale
apart from M_grav is m_soft.Comment: 32 pages, 8 tables, references updated, matches published versio
A silicate disk in the heart of the Ant

We aim at getting high spatial resolution information on the dusty core of
bipolar planetary nebulae to directly constrain the shaping process. Methods:
We present observations of the dusty core of the extreme bipolar planetary
nebula Menzel 3 (Mz 3, Hen 2-154, the Ant) taken with the mid-infrared
interferometer MIDI/VLTI and the adaptive optics NACO/VLT. The core of Mz 3 is
clearly resolved with MIDI in the interferometric mode, whereas it is
unresolved from the Ks to the N bands with single dish 8.2 m observations on a
scale ranging from 60 to 250 mas. A striking dependence of the dust core size
with the PA angle of the baselines is observed, that is highly suggestive of an
edge-on disk whose major axis is perpendicular to the axis of the bipolar
lobes. The MIDI spectrum and the visibilities of Mz 3 exhibit a clear signature
of amorphous silicate, in contrast to the signatures of crystalline silicates
detected in binary post-AGB systems, suggesting that the disk might be
relatively young. We used radiative-transfer Monte Carlo simulations of a
passive disk to constrain its geometrical and physical parameters. Its
inclination (74 degrees $\pm$ 3 degrees) and position angle (5 degrees $\pm$ 5
degrees) are in accordance with the values derived from the study of the lobes.
The inner radius is 9$\pm$ 1 AU and the disk is relatively flat. The dust mass
stored in the disk, estimated as 1 x 10-5Msun, represents only a small fraction
of the dust mass found in the lobes and might be a kind of relic of an
essentially polar ejection process
E-Theory for C*-algebras over topological spaces

We define E-theory for separable C*-algebras over second countable
topological spaces and establish its basic properties. This includes an
approximation theorem that relates the E-theory over a general space to the
E-theories over finite approximations to this space. We obtain effective
criteria for determining the invertibility of E-theory elements over possibly
infinite-dimensional spaces. Furthermore, we prove a Universal Multicoefficient
Theorem for C*-algebras over totally disconnected metrisable compact spaces.Comment: 33 page
The random release of phosphate controls the dynamic instability of
  microtubules

A simple stochastic model which describes microtubule dynamics and explicitly
takes into account the relevant biochemical processes is presented. The model
incorporates binding and unbinding of monomers and random phosphate release
inside the polymer. It is shown that this theoretical approach provides a
microscopic picture of the dynamic instability phenomena of microtubules. The
cap size, the concentration dependence of the catastrophe times and the delay
before observing catastrophes following a dilution can be quantitatively
predicted by this approach in a direct and simple way. Furthermore, the model
can be solved analytically to a large extend, thus offering a valuable starting
point for more refined studies of microtubules dynamics.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
Simultaneous X-ray and infrared variability in the quasar 3C273

From a combination of high quality X-ray observations from the NASA Rossi
X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE), and infrared observations from the UK Infrared
Telescope (UKIRT) we show that the medium energy X-ray (3-20 keV) and near
infrared fluxes in the quasar 3C273 are highly correlated. It is widely
believed that the X-ray emission in quasars like 3C273 arises from Compton
scattering of low energy seed photons and our observations provide the first
reliable detection of correlated variations in 3C273 between the X-ray band and
any lower energy band. For a realistic electron distribution we demonstrate
that it is probable that each decade of the seed photon distribution from the
mm to IR waveband contributes roughly equally to the medium energy X-ray flux.
However the expected mm variations are too small to be detected above the
noise, probably explaining the lack of success of previous searches for a
correlation between X-ray and mm variations. In addition we show that the
infrared leads the X-rays by 0.75+/-0.25 days. These observations rule out the
`External Compton' emission process for the production of the X-rays.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Uses mn style file and epsf. Accepted for
  publication in the MNRA
CdS/HgS/CdS Quantum Dot Quantum Wells: A Tight-binding Study

We study the electronic properties of spherical quantum dot quantum well
nanocrystals within a symmetry-based tight-binding model. In particular, the
influence of a concentric monolayer of HgS embedded in a spherical CdS
nanocrystal of diameter 52.7 A is analyzed as a function of its distance from
the center. The electron and hole states around the energy gap show a strong
localization in the HgS well and the neighboring inner (core) interface region.
Important effects on the optical properties such as the absorption gap and the
fine structure of the exciton spectrum are also reported.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Nonlinear Resonant Tunnelling Through Double Barrier Structures

We study resonant tunnelling through double-barrier structures under an
applied bias voltage, in which nonlinearities due to self-interaction of
electrons in the barrier regions are included. As an approximation, we concern
ourselves with thin barriers simulated by $\delta$-function potentials. This
approximation allows for an analytical expression of the transmission
probability through the structure. We show that the typical peaks due to
resonant tunneling decrease and broaden as nonlinearity increases. The main
conclusion is that nonlinear effects degrade the peak-to-valley ratio but
improve the maximum operation frequency of the resonant tunnelling devices.Comment: REVTeX 3.0. 8 pages, 4 figures (PostScript files available on request
  from ED [diez@arwen.uc3m.es]). Submitted to J Phys A. MA/UC3M/17/199
Critical level statistics at the Anderson transition in four-dimensional
  disordered systems

The level spacing distribution is numerically calculated at the
disorder-induced metal--insulator transition for dimensionality d=4 by applying
the Lanczos diagonalisation. The critical level statistics are shown to deviate
stronger from the result of the random matrix theory compared to those of d=3
and to become closer to the Poisson limit of uncorrelated spectra. Using the
finite size scaling analysis for the probability distribution Q_n(E) of having
n levels in a given energy interval E we find the critical disorder W_c = 34.5
\pm 0.5, the correlation length exponent \nu = 1.1 \pm 0.2 and the critical
spectral compressibility k_c \approx 0.5.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX2e, 7 fig, invited talk at PILS (Percolation,
  Interaction, Localization: Simulations of Transport in Disordered Systems)
  Berlin, Germany 1998, to appear in Annalen der Physi
Spontaneous vs. piezoelectric polarization in III-V nitrides: conceptual
  aspects and practical consequences

Macroscopic polarization plays a major role in determining the optical and
electrical properties of nitride nanostructures via polarization-induced
built-in electrostatic fields. While currently fashionable, this field of
endeavour is still by far in its early infancy. Here we contribute some
clarifications on the conceptual issues involved in determining built-in fields
in III-V nitride nanostructures, sorting out in particular the roles of
spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization.Comment: RevTeX 5 pages, 3 embedded figures. to appear in phys. status solid
Hoop Conjecture and Cosmic Censorship in the Brane-World

The initial data of gravity for a cylindrical matter distribution confined on
the brane is studied in the framework of the single brane Randall-Sundrum
scenario. In this scenario, 5-dimensional aspect of gravity appears in the
short range gravitational interaction. We found that the sufficiently thin
configuration of matter leads to the formation of the marginal surface even if
the configuration is infinitely long. This means that the hoop conjecture
proposed by Thorne does not hold in the Randall-Sundrum scenario; Even if a
mass $M$ does not get compacted into a region whose circumference in every
direction is ${\cal C}\le 4\pi GM$, black holes with horizons can form in the
Randall-Sundrum scenario.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Physics Letters
Dynamical Rearrangement of Gauge Symmetry on the Orbifold S^1/Z_2

Gauge theory defined on the orbifold $M^4 \times (S^1/Z_2)$ is investigated
from the viewpoint of the Hosotani mechanism. Rearrangement of gauge symmetry
takes place due to the dynamics of Wilson line phases. The physical symmetry of
the theory, in general, differs from the symmetry of the boundary conditions.
Several sets of boundary conditions having distinct symmetry can be related by
gauge transformations, belonging to the same equivalence class. The Hosotani
mechanism guarantees the same physics in all theories in one equivalent class.
Examples are presented in the SU(5) theory. Zero modes of the extra-dimensional
components, $A_y$, of gauge fields acquire masses by radiative corrections. In
the nonsupersymmetric SU(5) model the presence of bulk fermions leads to the
spontaneous breaking of color SU(3). In the supersymmetric model with
Scherk-Schwarz SUSY breaking zero modes of $A_y$'s acquire masses of order of
the SUSY breaking.Comment: 57 pages, 4 figures. The error of a factor 2 in the effective
  potential in the supersymmetric SU(5) model was correcte
Simulations of protostellar collapse using multigroup radiation
  hydrodynamics. II. The second collapse

Star formation begins with the gravitational collapse of a dense core inside
a molecular cloud. As the collapse progresses, the centre of the core begins to
heat up as it becomes optically thick. The temperature and density in the
centre eventually reach high enough values where fusion reactions can ignite;
the protostar is born. This sequence of events entail many physical processes,
of which radiative transfer is of paramount importance. Many simulations of
protostellar collapse make use of a grey treatment of radiative transfer
coupled to the hydrodynamics. However, interstellar gas and dust opacities
present large variations as a function of frequency. In this paper, we
follow-up on a previous paper on the collapse and formation of Larson's first
core using multigroup radiation hydrodynamics (Paper I) by extending the
calculations to the second phase of the collapse and the formation of Larson's
second core. We have made the use of a non-ideal gas equation of state as well
as an extensive set of spectral opacities in a spherically symmetric fully
implicit Godunov code to model all the phases of the collapse of a 0.1, 1 and
10 solar mass cloud cores. We find that, for a same central density, there are
only small differences between the grey and multigroup simulations. The first
core accretion shock remains supercritical while the shock at the second core
border is found to be strongly subcritical with all the accreted energy being
transfered to the core. The size of the first core was found to vary somewhat
in the different simulations (more unstable clouds form smaller first cores)
while the size, mass and temperature of the second cores are independent of
initial cloud mass, size and temperature. Our simulations support the idea of a
standard (universal) initial second core size of 0.003 AU and mass 0.0014 solar
masses.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Self-quartic interaction for a scalar field in an extended DFR
  noncommutative spacetime

The framework Doplicher-Fredenhagen-Roberts (DFR) of a noncommutative (NC)
space-time is considered as a alternative approach to study the NC space-time
of the early Universe. In this formalism, the parameter of noncommutative
$\theta^{\mu\nu}$ is promoted to a coordinate of the space-time, and
consequently, we are describing a field theory in a space-time with
extra-dimension. Consequently, there is a canonical momentum associated to this
new coordinate in which the effects of a new physics can emerge in the
propagation of the fields along the extra-dimension. The Fourier space of this
framework is automatically extended by the addition of new momenta components.
The main concept that we would like to emphasize from the outset is that the
formalism demonstrated here will not be constructed introducing a NC parameter
in the system, as usual. It will be generated naturally from an already NC
space. When the components of the new momentum are zero, the DFR approach is
reduced to the usual NC case, in which $\theta^{\mu\nu}$ is a antisymmetric
constant matrix. We study a scalar field action with self-quartic interaction
$\phi^{4}\star$ defined in the DFR NC spacetime, obtaining the Feynman rules in
the Fourier space for the scalar propagator and vertex of the model. With these
rules we are able to build out the radiative corrections to one loop order for
the model propagator. The influence of the NC scale, as well as the propagation
of the field in the extra-dimension, are analyzed in the ultraviolet
divergences scenario. We investigate the actual possibility if this
$\theta^{\mu\nu}$ conjugate momentum has the property of healing the mixing
IR/UV divergences that emerges in this recently new NC spacetime quantum field
theory.Comment: 20 pages. Pre-print format. arXiv admin note: substantial text
  overlap with arXiv:1212.4118, arXiv:1206.406
Do we need N$^3$LO Parton Distributions?

We discuss the uncertainty on processes computed using next-to-next-to
leading (NNLO) parton distributions (PDFs) due to the neglect of higher order
perturbative corrections in the PDF determination, in the specific case of
Higgs production in gluon fusion. By studying the behaviour of the perturbative
series for this process, we show that this uncertainty is negligible in
comparison to the theoretical uncertainty on the matrix element. We then take
this as a case study for the use of the Cacciari-Houdeau method for the
estimate of theoretical uncertainties, and show that the method provides an
effective way of treating theoretical uncertainties on the matrtix element and
the PDF on the same footing.Comment: 10 pages 5 figures. Final version, to be published in Phys. Lett. B.
  Comparison with top production (figs 4-5) added. Several typos corrected and
  references updated. Grant info adde
Black holes as bubble nucleation sites

We consider the effect of inhomogeneities on the rate of false vacuum decay.
Modelling the inhomogeneity by a black hole, we construct explicit Euclidean
instantons which describe the nucleation of a bubble of true vacuum centred on
the inhomogeneity. We find that inhomogeneity significantly enhances the
nucleation rate over that of the Coleman-de Luccia instanton -- the black hole
acts as a nucleation site for the bubble. The effect is larger than previously
believed due to the contributions to the action from conical singularities. For
a sufficiently low initial mass, the original black hole is replaced by flat
space during this process, as viewed by a single causal patch observer.
Increasing the initial mass, we find a critical value above which a black hole
remnant survives the process. This resulting black hole can have a higher mass
than the original black hole, but always has a lower entropy. We compare the
process to bubble-to-bubble transitions, where there is a semi-classical
Lorentzian description in the WKB approximation.Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, PDFLaTe
Orbit Approach to Separation of Variables in sl(4)-Related Integrable
  Systems

Separation of variables by means of the orbit method is implemented to
integrable systems on coadjoint orbits in an $\mathfrak{sl}(4)$ loop algebra.
This is a development and a kind of explanation for Sklyanin's procedure of
separation of variables. It is shown that points on a spectral curve serve as
variables of separation for two integrable systems living on two generic orbits
embedded into a common manifold. These orbits are endowed with different
nonsingular Lie-Poisson brackets. Explicit expressions for the case of
$\mathfrak{sl}(4)$ loop algebra are given.Comment: 12 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
  arXiv:1312.197
Subarcsecond Imaging of the NGC 6334 I(N) Protocluster: Two Dozen
  Compact Sources and a Massive Disk Candidate

Using the SMA and VLA, we have imaged the massive protocluster NGC6334I(N) at
high angular resolution (0.5"~650AU) from 6cm to 0.87mm, detecting 18 new
compact continuum sources. Three of the new sources are coincident with
previously-identified water masers. Together with the previously-known sources,
these data bring the number of likely protocluster members to 25 for a
protostellar density of ~700 pc^-3. Our preliminary measurement of the
Q-parameter of the minimum spanning tree is 0.82 -- close to the value for a
uniform volume distribution. All of the (nine) sources with detections at
multiple frequencies have SEDs consistent with dust emission, and two (SMA1b
and SMA4) also have long wavelength emission consistent with a central
hypercompact HII region. Thermal spectral line emission, including CH3CN, is
detected in six sources: LTE model fitting of CH3CN(J=12-11) yields
temperatures of 72-373K, confirming the presence of multiple hot cores. The
fitted LSR velocities range from -3.3 to -7.0 km/s, with an unbiased mean
square deviation of 2.05 km/s, implying a dynamical mass of 410+-260 Msun for
the protocluster. From analysis of a wide range of hot core molecules, the
kinematics of SMA1b are consistent with a rotating, infalling Keplerian disk of
diameter 800AU and enclosed mass of 10-30 Msun that is perpendicular (within 1
degree) to the large-scale bipolar outflow axis. A companion to SMA1b at a
projected separation of 0.45" (590AU; SMA1d), which shows no evidence of
spectral line emission, is also confirmed. Finally, we detect one 218.440GHz
and several 229.7588GHz Class-I methanol masers.Comment: 54 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
  Journal. Version 2: Keywords updated, and three "in press" citations updated
  to journal reference. Version 3: corrected the error in the quantum numbers
  of the 218 GHz methanol transition in the text and in Table 8. For a PDF
  version with full-resolution figures, see
  http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~thunter/papers/ngc6334in2014.pd