pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Generative models of the human connectome

AbstractThe human connectome represents a network map of the brain's wiring diagram and the pattern into which its connections are organized is thought to play an important role in cognitive function. The generative rules that shape the topology of the human connectome remain incompletely understood. Earlier work in model organisms has suggested that wiring rules based on geometric relationships (distance) can account for many but likely not all topological features. Here we systematically explore a family of generative models of the human connectome that yield synthetic networks designed according to different wiring rules combining geometric and a broad range of topological factors. We find that a combination of geometric constraints with a homophilic attachment mechanism can create synthetic networks that closely match many topological characteristics of individual human connectomes, including features that were not included in the optimization of the generative model itself. We use these models to investigate a lifespan dataset and show that, with age, the model parameters undergo progressive changes, suggesting a rebalancing of the generative factors underlying the connectome across the lifespan
Future aircraft cabins and design thinking: optimisation vs. win-win scenarios

AbstractWith projections indicating an increase in mobility over the next few decades and annual flight departures expected to rise to over 16 billion by 2050, there is a demand for the aviation industry and associated stakeholders to consider new forms of aircraft and technology. Customer requirements are recognized as a key driver in business. The airline is the principal customer for the aircraft manufacture. The passenger is, in turn, the airline's principal customer but they are just one of several stakeholders that include aviation authorities, airport operators, air-traffic control and security agencies. The passenger experience is a key differentiator used by airlines to attract and retain custom and the fuselage that defines the cabin envelope for the in-flight passenger experience and cabin design therefore receives significant attention for new aircraft, service updates and refurbishments. Decision making in design is crucial to arriving at viable and worthwhile cabin formats. Too little innovation will result in an aircraft manufacturer and airlines using its products falling behind its competitors. Too much may result in an over-extension with, for example, use of immature technologies that do not have the necessary reliability for a safety critical industry or sufficient value to justify the development effort. The multiple requirements associated with cabin design, can be viewed as an area for optimisation, accepting trade-offs between the various parameters. Good design, however, is often defined as developing a concept that resolves the contradictions and takes the solution towards a win-win scenario. Indeed our understanding and practice of design allows for behaviors that enhance design thinking through divergence and convergence, the use of abductive reasoning, experimentation and systems thinking. This paper explores and defines the challenges of designing the aircraft cabin of the future that will deliver on the multiple requirements using experiences from the A350 XWB and future cabin design concepts. In particular the paper explores the value of implementing design thinking insights in engineering practice and discusses the relative merits of decisions based on optimisation versus win-win scenarios for aircraft cabin design and wider applications in aerospace environments. The increasing densification of technological opportunities and shifting consumer demand coupled with highly complex systems may ultimately challenge our ability to make decisions based on optimisation balances. From an engineering design perspective optimisation tends to preclude certain strategies that deliver high quality results in consumer scenarios whereas win-win solutions may face challenges in complex technical environments
Polarization tunable all-dielectric color filter based on cross-shaped
  Si nanoantennas

Color filters have important applications in the area of Nano-spectroscopy
and ccd imaging applications. Metallic nanostructures provide an efficient way
to design and engineer ultrathin color filters. These nanostructures have
capability to split the white light into fundamental colors and enable color
filters with ultrahigh resolution but their efficiency can be restricted due to
high losses in metals especially at the visible wavelengths. In this work, we
demonstrate Si nanoantennas based all-dielectric color filters, which are
sensitive to incident-wave polarization and, thus, tunable with the aid of
polarization angle variation. Two different information can be encoded in two
different polarization states in a single physical nanostructure. The
nanoantenna based pixels are highly efficient and can provide high quality of
colors due to low losses in dielectric at optical frequencies. We
experimentally demonstrate that a variety of colors can be achieved by changing
the physical size of the nonsymmetric cross-shaped nanoantennas. The proposed
devices cover an extended gamut of colors on CIE-1931 chromaticity diagram due
to the existence of high quality resonance in Si nanoantennas. The device shows
significant tunability of color while operating this color filter device in
transmission as well as in reflection mode
$\chi_c$ decays and the gluon content of the $\eta'$, $\eta$ mesons

The large mass of the $\eta'$ meson indicates that a sizeable gluon component
is present in the meson wave function. However, the $\chi_{c0}$ and $\chi_{c2}$
decays to $\eta'$ mesons, which proceed via a purely gluonic intermediate state
and we would therefore na\"{i}vely expect to be enhanced by such a component,
are in fact relatively suppressed. We argue that this apparent contradiction
may be resolved by a proper treatment of interference effects in the decay. In
particular, by accounting for the destructive interference between the quark
and gluon components of the $\eta'$ distribution function, in combination with
a model for strange quark mass effects, we demonstrate that the observed
$\chi_{c(0,2)}\to\eta(')\eta(')$ branching ratios can be reproduced for a
reasonable gluon component of the $\eta'$, $\eta$ mesons.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure. Version accepted for publication in PL
Holographic DC conductivity and Onsager relations

Within holography the DC conductivity can be obtained by solving a system of
Stokes equations for an auxiliary fluid living on the black hole horizon. We
show that these equations can be derived from a novel variational principle
involving a functional that depends on the fluid variables of interest as well
as the time reversed quantities. This leads to simple derivation of the Onsager
relations for the conductivity. We also obtain the relevant Stokes equations
for bulk theories of gravity in four dimensions including a $\vartheta F\wedge
F$ term in the Lagrangian, where $\vartheta$ is a function of dynamical scalar
fields. We discuss various realisations of the anomalous Hall conductivity that
this term induces and also solve the Stokes equations for holographic lattices
which break translations in one spatial dimension.Comment: 28 pages. Small changes, references and acknowledgement added.
  Published versio
On semi-finite hexagons of order (2, t) containing a subhexagon

The research in this paper was motivated by one of the most important open problems in the theory of generalized polygons, namely the existence problem for semi-finite thick generalized polygons. We show here that no semi-finite generalized hexagon of order (2, t) can have a subhexagon H of order 2. Such a subhexagon is necessarily isomorphic to the split Cayley generalized hexagon H(2) or its point-line dual H (D) (2). In fact, the employed techniques allow us to prove a stronger result. We show that every near hexagon of order (2, t) which contains a generalized hexagon H of order 2 as an isometrically embedded subgeometry must be finite. Moreover, if (2) then must also be a generalized hexagon, and consequently isomorphic to either H (D) (2) or the dual twisted triality hexagon T(2, 8)
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Phenolic Compounds in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

The extraction of phenolic compounds from roselle using supercritical CO2  was studied. The supercritical fluid extraction experiments were conducted at a range of pressures from 10 to 24 MPa and temperatures of 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15 K. The extraction time was 2.5 h. Three density-based equations, Chrastil, del Valle and Aguilera, and Mendez-Santiago and Teja, were used to correlate\ud
the experimental data. All three equations correlate with the actual the data quite well. The maximum yield obtained from the supercritical extraction experiment was 8.63 mg GAE=g dried rosella at 343.15 K and 24 MPa
Rare variants in optic disc area gene CARD10 enriched in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Abstract\ud
Background\ud
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified association of common\ud
alleles with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and its quantitative endophenotypes near numerous genes. This study aims to determine whether rare pathogenic variants in these disease-associated genes contribute to POAG.\ud
\ud
Methods\ud
Participants fulfilled strict inclusion criteria of advanced POAG at a young age of diagnosis. Myocilin mutation carriers were excluded using direct sequencing.\ud
Whole exome sequencing was performed on 187 glaucoma cases and 103 local screened nonglaucoma controls then joint-called with exomes of 993 previously sequenced Australian controls. GWAS-associated genes were assessed for enrichment\ud
of rare predicted pathogenic variants in POAG. Significantly enriched genes were compared against Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) public\ud
control.\ud
\ud
Results\ud
Eighty-six GWAS disease or trait-associated glaucoma genes were captured and sequenced. CARD10 showed enrichment after Bonferroni correction for rare variants in glaucoma cases (OR = 13.2, P = 6.94 9 10�5) with mutations identified\ud
in 4.28% of our POAG cohort compared to 0.27% in controls. CARD10 was significantly associated with optic disc parameters in previous GWAS. The whole GWAS gene set showed no enrichment in POAG overall (OR = 1.12,P = 0.51).\ud
\ud
Conclusion\ud
We report here an enrichment of rare predicted pathogenic coding variants within a GWAS-associated locus in POAG (CARD10). These findings indicate that both common and rare pathogenic coding variants in CARD10 may contribute to POAG pathogenesis
Reactive ion etching of quartz and Pyrex for microelectronic applications

<p>"The reactive ion etching of quartz and Pyrex substrates was carried out using CF4/Ar and CF4/O2 gas mixtures in a combined radio frequency (rf)/microwave (µw) plasma. It was observed that the etch rate and the surface morphology of the etched regions depended on the gas mixture (CF4/Ar or CF4/O2), the relative concentration of CF4 in the gas mixture, the rf power (and the associated self-induced bias) and microwave power. An etch rate of 95 nm/min for quartz was achieved. For samples covered with a thin metal layer, ex situ high resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging indicated that, during etching, surface roughness is produced on the surface beneath the thin metallic mask. Near vertical sidewalls with a taper angle greater than 80° and smooth etched surfaces at the nanometric scale were fabricated by carefully controlling the etching parameters and the masking technique. A simulation of the electrostatic field distribution was carried out to understand the etching process using these masks for the fabrication of high definition features.</p
Sustainability reporting in construction contractors : a case study

Construction activities have significant impacts on the environment, economy and society. As a result, sustainability has become an agenda in construction related business. This is evidenced by an increasingly number of construction related companies adopting sustainability reporting practice. Construction contractors are no exception. This study aims to investigate the sustainability reporting practices adopted by top Chinese contractors active in the international arena. The focus is placed on those Chinese contractors ranked top 50 by the Engineering News Record (ENR) top 225 international contractors. The results showed that the sustainability reporting practices of these top Chinese contractors, in terms of both approaches and the depth, varied significantly however there is a clear trend of growing level of disclosure of sustainability related information. Similarly, environmental sustainability seems the predominate focus of sustainability reporting exercises of top international contractors from China. These findings help to assist senior management of construction contractors to form business strategies to facilitate disclosure and other sustainability related practices
Cost optimum design of structural fibre composite sandwich panel for flooring applications

A new type of FRP composite panel suitable for civil engineering constructions has been invented by the Australian manufacturers. This new type of FRP structural sandwich Panel is made of fibre glass skins and modified phenolic core material with a density relatively higher than the normal sandwich panel. This panel is used for civil engineering applications of flooring system and glue laminate FRP beams.\ud
The extensive experimental work has been carried out by the Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composites (CEEFC) at the University of Southern Queensland to find the strength parameters of this new sandwich panel. This research aims to develop an optimum design of the new FRP sandwich floor panel by using Finite Element (FE) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. The numerical FE shows a relatively accurate simulation for the behaviour of the FRP panel. The materials cost was regarded as an objective function with the EUROCOMP design constraints. The optimization shows that the skins orientations 0/90o would produce the best design for one-way spaning floor panel
Human CED-6 encodes a functional homologue of the Caenorhabditis elegans engulfment protein CED-6.

The rapid engulfment of apoptotic cells is a specialized innate immune response used by organisms to remove apoptotic cells. In mammals, several receptors that recognize apoptotic cells have been identified; molecules that transduce signals from these receptors to downstream cytoskeleton molecules have not been found, however [1] [2] [3]. Our previous analysis of the engulfment gene ced-6 in Caenorhabditis elegans has suggested that CED-6 is an adaptor protein that participates in a signal transduction pathway that mediates the specific recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells [1]. Here, we describe our isolation and characterization of a human cDNA encoding a protein, hCED-6, with strong sequence similarity to C. elegans CED-6. As is the case with the worm protein, hCED-6 contains a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain and potential Src-homology domain 3 (SH3) binding sites. Both CED-6 and hCED-6 contain a predicted coiled-coil domain in the middle region. The hCED-6 protein lacks the extended carboxyl terminus found in worm CED-6; this carboxy-terminal extension appears not to be essential for CED-6 function in C. elegans, however. Overexpression of hCED-6 rescues the engulfment defect of ced-6 mutants in C. elegans significantly, suggesting that hCED-6 is a functional homologue of C. elegans CED-6. Human ced-6 is expressed widely in most human tissues. Thus, CED-6, and the CED-6 signal transduction pathway, might be conserved from C. elegans to humans and are present in most, if not all, human tissues
First observation of Bs -> D_{s2}^{*+} X mu nu decays

Using data collected with the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the semileptonic decays Bs -> Ds+ X mu nu and Bs -> D0 K+ X mu nu are detected. Two structures are observed in the D0 K+ mass spectrum at masses consistent with the known D^+_{s1}(2536) and $D^{*+}_{s2}(2573) mesons. The measured branching fractions relative to the total Bs semileptonic rate are B(Bs -> D_{s2}^{*+} X mu nu)/B(Bs -> X mu nu)= (3.3\pm 1.0\pm 0.4)%, and B(Bs -> D_{s1}^+ X munu)/B(Bs -> X mu nu)= (5.4\pm 1.2\pm 0.5)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the first observation of the D_{s2}^{*+} state in Bs decays; we also measure its mass and width
Experimental comparison of dynamic tracking performanceof iGPS and laser tracker

External metrology systems are increasingly being integrated with traditional industrial articulated robots, especially in the aerospace industries, to improve their absolute accuracy for precision operations such as drilling, machining and jigless assembly. While currently most of the metrology assisted robotics control systems are limited in their position update rate, such that the robot has to be stopped in order to receive a metrology coordinate update, some recent efforts are addressed toward controlling robots using real-time metrology data. The indoor GPS is one of the metrology systems that may be used to provide real-time 6DOF data to a robot controller. Even if there is a noteworthy literature dealing with the evaluation of iGPS performance, there is, however, a lack of literature on how well the iGPS performs under dynamic conditions. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the dynamic measurement performance of the iGPS, tracking the trajectories of an industrial robot. The same experiment is also repeated using a laser tracker. Besides the experiment results presented, this paper also proposes a novel method for dynamic repeatability comparisons of tracking instrument
Labor Market Outcomes, Savings Accumulation, and Return Migration

In this paper, I test the savings accumulation conjecture that is used to rationalize return migration decisions in the context of immigrants in Germany. Using cross-country and time variation in purchasing power parity, I distinguish between the two competing capital accumulation conjectures (human capital vs. savings accumulation) and uncover evidence for the savings accumulation conjecture. In addition, I examine how labor market outcomes influence return decisions. A key finding here is that unlike previous studies which find a positive impact of unemployment on return migration, I find that the direction of the impact of unemployment changes by the spell length.
Centralized wage setting and labor market policies: the nordic case

We adopt a standard search and matching model with endogenous job destruction to investigate two issues. First, we use a simplified version of Boeri and Burda (2009) to show that at sufficiently low levels of wage share, centralized wage bargaining performs better than decentralized bargaining in terms of average productivity, unemployment, and income inequality. Second, we incorporate active labor market policies in the model and establish that they are more effective in reducing unemployment when wage setting is centralized. Finally, numerical analysis suggests that the difference in effectiveness is sizeable.
The new and the best : Ambiguity tolerance and creativity motivation

Tolerance for ambiguity correlated positively with creative motivation but was not related to need for achievement across samples of 106 high school students (14 – 19 years) and 135 university students (19 – 34 years). Tolerance for ambiguity and creative motivation related however differently to author’s measure of attitudes towards ambiguity tolerant – ambiguity intolerant behaviours. Participants filled in also Bulgarian adaptations of Torrance’ s Creative Motivation Scale; Norton’s Measure of Ambiguity Tolerance, and a Bulgarian scale for measuring need for achievement. Creative motivation items that differentiated individuals with high and low tolerance for ambiguity and high and low need for achievements were identified
Maximally selected chi-square statistics and umbrella orderings

Binary outcomes that depend on an ordinal predictor in a non-monotonic way are common in medical data analysis. Such patterns can be addressed in terms of cutpoints: for example, one looks for two cutpoints that define an interval in the range of the ordinal predictor for which the probability of a positive outcome is particularly high (or low). A chi-square test may then be performed to compare the proportions of positive outcomes in and outside this interval. However, if the two cutpoints are chosen to maximize the chi-square statistic, referring the obtained chi-square statistic to the standard chi-square distribution is an inappropriate approach. It is then necessary to correct the p-value for multiple comparisons by considering the distribution of the maximally selected chi-square statistic instead of the nominal chi-square distribution. Here, we derive the exact distribution of the  chi-square statistic obtained by the optimal two cutpoints. We suggest a combinatorial computation method and illustrate our approach by a simulation study and an application to varicella data.
The Sytykanskaya kimberlite pipe: Evidence from deep-seated xenoliths and xenocrysts for the evolution of the mantle beneath Alakit, Yakutia, Russia

Mantle xenoliths (>150) and concentrates from late autolithic breccia and porphyritic kimberlite from the Sytykanskaya pipe of the Alakit field (Yakutia) were analyzed by EPMA and LAM ICP methods. In P-T-X-f(O2) diagrams minerals from xenoliths show widest variations, the trends P-Fe#-CaO, f(O2) for minerals from porphyric kimberlites are more stepped than for xenocrysts from breccia. Ilmenite PTX points mark moving for protokimberlites from the lithosphere base (7.5 GPa) to pyroxenite lens (5–3.5 GPa) accompanied by Cr increase by AFC and creation of two trends P-Fe#Ol ∼10–12% and 13–15%. The Opx-Gar-based mantle geotherm in Alakit field is close to 35 mW/m2 at 65 GPa and 600 °C near Moho was determined. The oxidation state for the megacrystalline ilmenites is lower for the metasomatic associations due to reduction of protokimberlites on peridotites than for uncontaminated varieties at the lithosphere base. Highly inclined linear REE patterns with deep HFSE troughs for the parental melts of clinopyroxene and garnet xenocrysts from breccia were influenced by differentiated protokimberlite. Melts for metasomatic xenoliths reveal less inclined slopes without deep troughs in spider diagrams. Garnets reveal S-shaped REE patterns. The clinopyroxenes from graphite bearing Cr-websterites show inclined and inflected in Gd spectrums with LREE variations due to AFC differentiation. Melts for garnets display less inclined patterns and Ba-Sr troughs but enrichment in Nb-Ta-U. The 40Ar/39Ar ages for micas from the Alakit mantle xenoliths for disseminated phlogopites reveal Proterozoic (1154 Ma) age of metasomatism in early Rodinia mantle. Veined glimmerites with richterite – like amphiboles mark ∼1015 Ma plume event in Rodinia mantle. The ∼600–550 Ma stage manifests final Rodinia break-up. The last 385 Ma metasomatism is protokimberlite-related