pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
A Note on why Enforcing Discrete Maximum Principles by a simple a
  Posteriori Cutoff is a Good Idea

Discrete maximum principles in the approximation of partial differential
equations are crucial for the preservation of qualitative properties of
physical models. In this work we enforce the discrete maximum principle by
performing a simple cutoff. We show that for many problems this a posteriori
procedure even improves the approximation in the natural energy norm. The
results apply to many different kinds of approximations including conforming
higher order and $hp$-finite elements. Moreover in the case of finite element
approximations there is no geometrical restriction on the partition of the
domain.Comment: 7 page
Analysis of Schrodinger operators with inverse square potentials II: FEM and approximation of eigenfunctions in the periodic case

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: HUNSICKER, E. ... et al, 2014. Analysis of Schrodinger operators with inverse square potentials II: FEM and approximation of eigenfunctions in the periodic case. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 30 (4), pp. 1130 - 1151, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/num.21861 .  This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving.In this article, we consider the problem of optimal approximation of eigenfunctions of Schrödinger operators\ud
with isolated inverse square potentials and of solutions to equations involving such operators. It is known in\ud
this situation that the finite element method performs poorly with standard meshes. We construct an alter-\ud
native class of graded meshes, and prove and numerically test optimal approximation results for the finite\ud
element method using these meshes. Our numerical tests are in good agreement with our theoretical results
hp–Adaptive composite discontinuous Galerkin methods for elliptic problems on complicated domains.

In this article, we develop the a posteriori error estimation of hp–version discontinuous Galerkin composite finite element methods for the discretization of second-order elliptic partial differential equations. This class of methods allows for the approximation of problems posed on computational domains which may contain a huge number of local geometrical features, or microstructures. Although standard numerical methods can be devised for such problems, the computational effort may be extremely high, as the minimal number of elements needed to represent the underlying domain can be very large. In contrast, the minimal dimension of the underlying composite finite element space is independent of the number of geometric features. Computable bounds on the error measured in terms of a natural (mesh-dependent) energy norm are derived. Numerical experiments highlighting the practical application of the proposed estimators within an automatic hp–adaptive refinement procedure will be presented
Convergence analysis of a DDFV scheme for a system describing miscible fluid flows in porous media

International audienceIn this paper, we prove the convergence of a discrete duality finite volume scheme for a system of partial differential equations describing miscible displacement in porous media. This system is made of two coupled equations: an anisotropic diffusion equation on the pressure and a convection-diffusion-dispersion equation on the concentration. We first establish some a priori estimates satisfied by the sequences of approximate solutions. Then, it yields the compactness of these sequences. Passing to the limit in the numerical scheme, we finally obtain that the limit of the sequence of approximate solutions is a weak solution to the problem under study
The inf-sup constant for the divergence on corner domains

International audienceThe inf-sup constant for the divergence, or LBB constant, is related to the Cosserat spectrum. It has been known for a long time that on non-smooth domains the Cosserat operator has a non-trivial essential spectrum, which can be used to bound the LBB constant from above. We prove that the essential spectrum on a plane polygon consists of an interval related to the corner angles and that on three-dimensional domains with edges, the essential spectrum contains such an interval. We obtain some numerical evidence for the extent of the essential spectrum on domains with axisymmetric conical points by computing the roots of explicitly given holomorphic functions related to the corner Mellin symbol. Using finite element discretizations of the Stokes problem, we present numerical results pertaining to the question of the existence of eigenvalues below the essential spectrum on rectangles and cuboids
Double complexes and local cochain projections

The construction of projection operators, which commute with the exterior derivative and at the same time are bounded in the proper Sobolev spaces, represents a key tool in the recent stability analysis of finite element exterior calculus. These so-called bounded cochain projections have been constructed by combining a smoothing operator and the unbounded canonical projections defined by the degrees of freedom. However, an undesired property of these bounded projections is that, in contrast to the canonical projections, they are nonlocal. The purpose of this article is to discuss a recent alternative construction of bounded cochain projections, which also are local. A key tool for the new construction is the structure of a double complex, resembling the Čech-de Rham double complex of algebraic topology
A Series of High Order Quasi-Compact Schemes for Space Fractional
  Diffusion Equations Based on the Superconvergent Approximations for
  Fractional Derivatives

Based on the superconvergent approximation at some point (depending on the
fractional order $\alpha$, but not belonging to the mesh points) for
Gr\"{u}nwald discretization to fractional derivative, we develop a series of
high order quasi-compact schemes for space fractional diffusion equations.
Because of the quasi-compactness of the derived schemes, no points beyond the
domain are used for all the high order schemes including second order, third
order, fourth order, and even higher order schemes; moreover, the algebraic
equations for all the high order schemes have the completely same matrix
structure. The stability and convergence analysis for some typical schemes are
made; the techniques of treating the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are
introduced; and extensive numerical experiments are performed to confirm the
theoretical analysis or verify the convergence orders.Comment: 39 pages, 2 figure
High-order Compact Difference Schemes for the Modified Anomalous
  Subdiffusion Equation

In this paper, two kinds of high-order compact finite difference schemes for
second-order derivative are developed. Then a second-order numerical scheme for
Riemann-Liouvile derivative is established based on fractional center
difference operator. We apply these methods to fractional anomalous
subdiffusion equation to construct two kinds of novel numerical schemes. The
solvability, stability and convergence analysis of these difference schemes are
studied by Fourier method in details. The convergence orders of these numerical
schemes are $\mathcal {O}(\tau^2+h^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\tau^2+h^8)$,
respectively. Finally, numerical experiments are displayed which are in line
with the theoretical analysis.Comment:
Optimal preconditioning for the symmetric and non-symmetric coupling of
  adaptive finite elements and boundary elements

We analyze a multilevel diagonal additive Schwarz preconditioner for the
adaptive coupling of FEM and BEM for a linear 2D Laplace transmission problem.
We rigorously prove that the condition number of the preconditioned system
stays uniformly bounded, independently of the refinement level and the local
mesh-size of the underlying adaptively refined triangulations. Although the
focus is on the non-symmetric Johnson-N\'ed\'elec one-equation coupling, the
principle ideas also apply to other formulations like the symmetric FEM-BEM
coupling. Numerical experiments underline our theoretical findings
Rapid Solution of Minimal Riesz Energy Problems

In R n , n ≥ 2, we compute the solution to both the unconstrained and constrained Gauss variational problem, considered for the Riesz kernel ∥ x − y ∥ α − n of order 1 < α < n and a pair of compact, disjoint, boundaryless ( n − 1)-dimensional C k − 1 , 1 -manifolds Γ i , i = 1 , 2, where k > ( α − 1) / 2, each Γ i being charged with Borel measures with the sign α i := ± 1 prescribed. Such variational problems over a cone of Borel measures can be formulated as minimization problems over the corresponding cone of surface distributions belonging to the Sobolev–Slobodetski space H − ε/ 2 (Γ), where ε := α − 1 and Γ := Γ 1 ∪ Γ 2 (see H. Harbrecht, W.L. Wendland, and N. Zorii. [ Math. Nachr. 287 (2014) 48–69]). We thus approximate the sought density by piecewise constant boundary elements and apply the primal – dual active set strategy to impose the desired inequality constraints. The boundary integral operator which is defined by the Riesz kernel under consider- ation is efficiently approximated by means of an H -matrix approximation. This particularly enables the application of a preconditioner for the iterative solution of the first order optimality system. Numerical results in R 3 are given to demonstrate our approach
Variational formulation and efficient implementation for solving the
  tempered fractional problems

Because of the finiteness of the life span and boundedness of the physical
space, the more reasonable or physical choice is the tempered power-law instead
of pure power-law for the CTRW model in characterizing the waiting time and
jump length of the motion of particles. This paper focuses on providing the
variational formulation and efficient implementation for solving the
corresponding deterministic/macroscopic models, including the space tempered
fractional equation and time tempered fractional equation. The convergence,
numerical stability, and a series of variational equalities are theoretically
proved. And the theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.Comment: 26 pages, 2 figure
Preconditioning trace coupled 3$d$-1$d$ systems using fractional
  Laplacian

Multiscale or multiphysics problems often involve coupling of partial
differential equations posed on domains of different dimensionality. In this
work we consider a simplified model problem of a 3d-1d coupling and the main
objective is to construct algorithms that may utilize stan- dard multilevel
algorithms for the 3d domain, which has the dominating computational
complexity. Preconditioning for a system of two elliptic problems posed,
respectively, in a three dimensional domain and an embedded one dimensional
curve and coupled by the trace constraint is discussed. Investigating
numerically the properties of the well-defined discrete trace operator, it is
found that negative fractional Sobolev norms are suitable preconditioners for
the Schur complement of the sys- tem. The norms are employed to construct a
robust block diagonal preconditioner for the coupled problem
An evaluation of an aggression management training program to cope with workplace violence in the healthcare sector

Workplace violence is a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers, generating a need for effective intervention programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aggression management training program. The evaluation design was based on the internal referencing strategy, an unobtrusive and applicable evaluation method that rules out some major threats to internal validity without the need for a control group. On three occasions, training participants completed a questionnaire containing experimental and control variables. As hypothesized, there was a significant improvement in the experimental variables that was larger than the non-significant change in the control variable. We conclude that aggression management training may be an effective instrument in the fight against workplace violence
Multivariate methods to identify cancer-related symptom clusters

Multivariate methods are required to assess the interrelationships among multiple, concurrent symptoms. We examined the conceptual and contextual appropriateness of commonly used multivariate methods for cancer symptom cluster identification. From 178 publications identified in an online database search of Medline, CINAHL, and PsycINFO, limited to articles published in English, 10 years prior to March 2007, 13 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. Conceptually, common factor analysis (FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are appropriate for symptom cluster identification, not principal component analysis. As a basis for new directions in symptom management, FA methods are more appropriate than HCA. Principal axis factoring or maximum likelihood factoring, the scree plot, oblique rotation, and clinical interpretation are recommended approaches to symptom cluster identification
Principles and Strategies for Monitoring Data Collection Integrity in a Multi-site Randomized Clinical Trial of a Behavioral Intervention

Although treatment fidelity strategies for enhancing the integrity of behavioral interventions have been well described, little has been written about monitoring data collection integrity. This article describes the principles and strategies developed to monitor data collection integrity of the "Stories and Music for Adolescent/Young Adult Resilience During Transplant"  study (R01NR008583; U10CA098543; U10CA095861) -- a multi-site Children's Oncology Group randomized clinical trial of a music therapy intervention for adolescents and young adults undergoing stem cell transplant. The principles and strategies outlined in this article provide one model for development and evaluation of a data collection integrity monitoring plan for behavioral interventions that may be adapted by investigators and may be useful to funding agencies and grant application reviewers in evaluating proposals
An unexplored ethical issue in clinical research: Disclosure of individual findings in the  Creando Posibilidades  [creating possibilities] study

Individual disclosure refers to the presumptive ethical responsibility of an investigator to communicate to a study participant information that was collected as a part of a research study protocol and is specific to the individual. Currently, there are no federal regulatory guidelines specifying the conditions and management of disclosure of health‐related individual‐specific information. In this report, the authors discuss the challenges associated with individual disclosure in the context of a longitudinal descriptive study. Arguments favoring disclosure and those challenging disclosure as a general ethical duty are presented. Finally, strategies for addressing individual disclosure are discussed using a research exemplar in which risk behaviors related to health outcomes were measured. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:311–319, 201
Investigators’ Successful Strategies for Working with Institutional Review Boards

This study was designed to identify successful strategies used by investigators for working with their Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in conducting human subjects research. Telephone interviews were conducted with 46 investigators representing nursing, medicine, and social work. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Investigators emphasized the importance of intentionally cultivating positive relationships with IRB staff and members, and managing bureaucracy. A few used evasive measures to avoid conflict with IRBs. Few successful strategies were identified for working with multiple IRBs. Although most investigators developed successful methods for working with IRBs, further research is needed on how differences in IRB culture affect human subjects protection, and on best approaches to IRB approval of multi-site studies
Psychometric testing of the self-care of heart failure index version 6.2

The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 6.2 (SCHFI v.6.2) is widely used, but its psychometric profile is still questioned. In a sample of 659 heart failure patients from Italy, we performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the original construct of the SCHFI v.6.2 scales (Self-Care Maintenance, Self-Care Management, and Self-Care Confidence), with limited success. We then used exploratory factor analysis to determine the presence of separate scale dimensions, followed by CFA in a separate sub-sample. Construct validity of individual scales showed excellent fit indices: CFI = .92, RMSEA = .05 for the Self-Care Maintenance Scale; CFI = .95, RMSEA = .07 for the Self-Care Management Scale; CFI = .99, RMSEA = .02 for the Self-Care Confidence scale. Contrasting groups validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were supported as well. This evidence provides a new understanding of the structure of the SCHFI v.6.2 and supports its use in clinical practice and research
Diabetes-related quality of life and the demands and burdens of diabetes care among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes in the year after high school graduation

The roles of glycemic control, diabetes management, diabetes care responsibility, living independently of parents, and time since high school graduation in predicting diabetes-related quality of life (DQOL) were examined in 184 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Data were collected at graduation and 1 year later. Analyses controlling for selected covariates were completed using generalized linear mixed models. Better diabetes management was associated with more positive responses on all four dimensions of DQOL. Impact and worry of DQOL were greater in the presence of depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction was lower. DQOL life satisfaction was lower in those living independently of parents. Young women reported poorer diabetes-related health status than did young men. Time since graduation was not linked to DQOL. Further research is needed on ways to improve DQOL in conjunction with diabetes management and on ways that families can support DQOL when youth live independently
The role of protest scenario in the neural response to the supportive communication

People are capable of understanding the suffering of distant others and of their personal
responsibility in this suffering. The communication of harm and self-responsibility in
the suffering of others leads to greater moral sensitivity. Two studies were carried out to
test our hypotheses. In Study 1 we analyse the emotional response to the scripts using a
correlational study. In Study 2 we use functional MRI to investigate brain activation
associated with the communication of harm and self-responsibility in a moral scenario
on supportive communication. Direct comparison between donor and protest scenarios
yielded a significant activation in the left amygdala usually associated with moral
emotions. Responses in supportive communication scenarios show that donors can feel
personally involved in a moral issue if they perceive the harm and their selfresponsibility.
Our results suggest that the creation of a communications structure based
on social condemnation increases moral sensitivity to poverty
Investigating online recognition for blood donor retention : an experiential donor value approach

Recognising that charitable behaviour can be motivated by public recognition and emotional satisfaction, not-for-profit organisations have developed strategies that leverage self-interest over altruism by facilitating individuals to donate conspicuously. Initially developed as novel marketing programs to increase donation income, such conspicuous tokens of recognition are being recognised as important value propositions to nurture donor relationships. Despite this, there is little empirical evidence that identifies when donations can be increased through conspicuous recognition. Furthermore, social media’s growing popularity for self-expression, as well as the increasing use of technology in donor relationship management strategies, makes an examination of virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition in relation to what value donors seek particularly insightful. Therefore, this research examined the impact of experiential donor value and virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition on blood donor intentions. Using online survey data from 186 Australian blood donors, results show that in fact emotional value is a stronger predictor of intentions to donate blood than altruistic value, while social value is the strongest predictor of intentions if provided with recognition. Clear linkages between dimensions of donor value (altruistic, emotional and social) and conspicuous donation behaviour (CDB) were identified. The findings provide valuable insights into the use of conspicuous donation tokens of recognition on social media, and contribute to our understanding into the under-researched areas of donor value and CDB
No pain, no gain: insights into changing individual volitional behaviour

Physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study is threefold: first, to empirically examine the effect of attitudes on people's intentions towards starting a new physical activity in three weight groups; second, to explore differences within various demographic groups; and finally, to offer research and practical implications for social marketers who are working in the area of physical activity. A total of 1459 respondents participated in an online survey. Our findings indicate that when individuals hold both negative and positive attitudes towards physical activity, they will have higher intentions to start a new physical activity. Empirical examination identified that overweight and obese people have more negative and less positive attitudes than healthier people toward physical activity. The results indicate that overcoming negative attitudes and reinforcing positive attitudes remain as a necessary condition to influence volitional behaviours such as physical activity, which requires cognitive processing and actions in order for the behaviour to be changed. People engaging in physical activities understand both positive and negative effects of physical activities, and they may engage in physical activities despite knowing there are short-term costs.Griffith Business School, Department of MarketingFull Tex