pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Weak Gravity Conjecture From Low Energy Observers' Perspective

The Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) was proposed to constrain Effective Field
Theories (EFTs) with Abelian gauge symmetry coupled to gravity. In this
article, I study the WGC from low energy observers' perspective, and revisit
the issue of to what extent the WGC actually constrains EFTs. For this purpose,
for a given EFT, I introduce associated idealized low energy observers who only
have access to the energy scale below the UV cut-off scale of the EFT. In the
framework of EFT, there is a clear difference between the particles lighter
than the UV cut-off scale and the particles which are heavier than the UV
cut-off scale, as the lighter particles can be created below the UV cut-off
scale while the heavier particles are not. This difference implies that the
knowledge of the low energy observers on the stable heavy particles can be
limited, as the availability of the stable heavy particles is determined by the
environment prepared by some UV theory unknown to the low energy observers. The
limitation of the knowledge of the low energy observers regarding the stable
heavy particles whose mass is above the UV cut-off scale of the EFT leads to
the limitation of the WGC for constraining EFTs. To illustrate these points in
an example, I analyze a model proposed by Saraswat arXiv:1608.06951 which
respects the WGC at high energy, but which may appear to violate the WGC for
the low energy observers. Implications of the analysis to the bottom-up model
buildings using EFTs are discussed.Comment: v1: 1+38 pages, 5 figures v2: added review of Heavy Particle
  Effective Theory to give more quantitative definition of Low Energy
  Observers. Erratum attached. 44 pages in tota
Highly Symmetric Quintic Quotients

The quintic family must be the most studied family of Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Particularly symmetric members of this family are known to admit quotients by
freely acting symmetries isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_5 \times \mathbb{Z}_5$. The
corresponding quotient manifolds may themselves be symmetric. That is, they may
admit symmetries that descend from the symmetries that the manifold enjoys
before the quotient is taken. The formalism for identifying these symmetries
was given a long time ago by Witten and instances of these symmetric quotients
were given also, for the family $\mathbb{P}^7[2, 2, 2, 2]$, by Goodman and
Witten. We rework this calculation here, with the benefit of computer
assistance, and provide a complete classification. Our motivation is largely to
develop methods that apply also to the analysis of quotients of other CICY
manifolds, whose symmetries have been classified recently. For the
$\mathbb{Z}_5 \times \mathbb{Z}_5$ quotients of the quintic family, our list
contains families of smooth manifolds with symmetry $\mathbb{Z}_4$,
$\text{Dic}_3$ and $\text{Dic}_5$, families of singular manifolds with four
conifold points, with symmetry $\mathbb{Z}_6$ and $\mathbb{Q}_8$, and rigid
manifolds, each with at least a curve of singularities, and symmetry
$\mathbb{Z}_{10}$. We intend to return to the computation of the symmetries of
the quotients of other CICYs elsewhere.Comment: 18 pages, 8 table
Spacetime supersymmetry in low-dimensional perturbative heterotic
  compactifications

We study the constraints of spacetime supersymmetry for perturbative three-
and two-dimensional Minkowski vacua of the critical heterotic string. Assuming
a standard RNS construction of the spacetime supersymmetry generators and a
compact unitary internal superconformal worldsheet theory, we describe the
worldsheet structures associated to various spacetime supersymmetries. In three
dimensions we show that there are no CFT surprises: each allowed spacetime
supersymmetry is realized by a supergravity compactification. As a recent
orbifold construction shows, in two dimensions there are more exotic
possibilities, and we discuss how these fit into our analysis.Comment: 27 pages; D=2 mistake corrected; typos fixed and references adde
Calabi-Yau Threefolds With Small Hodge Numbers

We present a list of Calabi-Yau threefolds known to us, and with holonomy
groups that are precisely SU(3), rather than a subgroup, with small Hodge
numbers, which we understand to be those manifolds with height
$(h^{1,1}+h^{2,1})\le 24$. With the completion of a project to compute the
Hodge numbers of free quotients of complete intersection Calabi-Yau threefolds,
most of which were computed in Refs. [1-3] and the remainder in Ref. [4], many
new points have been added to the tip of the Hodge plot, updating the reviews
by Davies and Candelas in Refs. [1, 5]. In view of this and other recent
constructions of Calabi-Yau threefolds with small height, we have produced an
updated list.Comment: revised to produce an updated list of all known Calabi-Yau threefolds
  with small Hodge number
Topological Complexity in AdS3/CFT2

We consider subregion complexity within the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. We
rewrite the volume proposal, according to which the complexity of a reduced
density matrix is given by the spacetime volume contained inside the associated
Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) surface, in terms of an integral over the curvature. Using
the Gauss-Bonnet theorem we evaluate this quantity for general entangling
regions and temperature. In particular, we find that the discontinuity that
occurs under a change in the RT surface is given by a fixed topological
contribution, independent of the temperature or details of the entangling
region. We offer a definition and interpretation of subregion complexity in the
context of tensor networks, and show numerically that it reproduces the
qualitative features of the holographic computation in the case of a random
tensor network using its relation to the Ising model. Finally, we give a
prescription for computing subregion complexity directly in CFT using the
kinematic space formalism, and use it to reproduce some of our explicit gravity
results obtained at zero temperature. We thus obtain a concrete matching of
results for subregion complexity between the gravity and tensor network
approaches, as well as a CFT prescription.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, comments welcome, v2: references added, slight
  clarifications, matches version accepted by journa
Singular perturbation theory for the thermodynamic properties of
  holographic QCD

We explore the thermodynamics of a black-hole solution in improved
holographic QCD with a simple dilaton potential having two parameters. By
applying techniques of singular perturbation theory, we get uniform
approximations for the metric and the dilaton field in the two regimes of big
and small black-holes. These techniques lead to a resummation of the naive
expansion at high temperatures, providing an important theoretical improvement
with respect to previous results in the literature. By using this technique, it
is shown how a quadratic dependence at low enough temperatures can naturally
appear in the free energy. A comparison with lattice data of gluodynamics is
performed. It is provided as well an estimate of the value of the gluon
condensate at zero temperature which turns out to be in quite good agreement
with the accepted values in the literature from phenomenological studies of
QCD.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure
A Truncation of 11-Dimensional Supergravity for Fubini-Like Instantons
  in AdS_4/CFT_3

From a consistent Kaluza-Klein truncation of 11-dimensional supergravity over
AdS_4 x CP^3 x S^1/Z_k, with a general 4-form ansatz, we arrive at a set of
equations and solutions for the included fields. In particular, we have a bulk
equation for a self-interacting (pseudo)scalar with arbitrary mass. By
computing the energy-momentum tensors of the associated Einstein equations, to
include the backreaction, and setting them to zero, we solve the resulting
equations with the bulk one and get solutions corresponding to marginal and
marginally relevant deformations of the boundary CFT_3, which break the
conformal symmetry. These bulk (pseudo)scalars are SU(4) x U(1)-singlet and the
corresponding solutions break all supersymmetries and parity because of the
associated (anti)M-branes wrapping around specific and mixed internal and
external directions. As a result and according to AdS_4/CFT_3 duality rules, we
would realize the boundary counterpart in three-dimensional Chern-Simon U(N)
field theories with matters in fundamental representations. In particular, we
build a SO(4)-invariant Fubini-like instanton solution by setting a specific
boundary Lagrangian. The resulting solution is used to describe the dynamics of
thin-wall bubbles that cause instability and big crunch singularities in the
bulk because of the unboundedness of the boundary double-hump potential from
below. Relations to mass-deformed ABJM model, O(N) vector models and scale
invariance breaking are also discussed. Meanwhile, we evaluate corrections for
the background actions because of the bulk and boundary instantons.Comment: 19 pages; than the v1 edition: minor changes, typos fixed, section 2
  title changed and most of its material was transferred to a new Appendix, by
  improving the discussion about the backreaction in subsection 3.1 as wel
Mathematical Structures of Space-Time

At first we introduce the space-time manifold and we compare some aspects of
Riemannian and Lorentzian geometry such as the distance function and the
relations between topology and curvature. We then define spinor structures in
general relativity, and the conditions for their existence are discussed. The
causality conditions are studied through an analysis of strong causality,
stable causality and global hyperbolicity. In looking at the asymptotic
structure of space-time, we focus on the asymptotic symmetry group of Bondi,
Metzner and Sachs, and the b-boundary construction of Schmidt. The Hamiltonian
structure of space-time is also analyzed, with emphasis on Ashtekar's spinorial
variables. Finally, the question of a rigorous theory of singularities in
space-times with torsion is addressed, describing in detail recent work by the
author. We define geodesics as curves whose tangent vector moves by parallel
transport. This is different from what other authors do, because their
definition of geodesics only involves the Christoffel symbols, though studying
theories with torsion. We then prove how to extend Hawking's singularity
theorem without causality assumptions to the space-time of the ECSK theory.
This is achieved studying the generalized Raychaudhuri equation in the ECSK
theory, the conditions for the existence of conjugate points and properties of
maximal timelike geodesics. Our result can also be interpreted as a
no-singularity theorem if the torsion tensor does not obey some additional
conditions. Thus, it seems that the occurrence of singularities in closed
cosmological models based on the ECSK theory is less generic than in general
relativity. Our work should be compared with important previous papers. There
are some relevant differences, because we rely on a different definition ofComment: 63 pages, plain-tex, published in Fortschritte der Physik, volume 40,
  pages 1-30, year 199
Wave Functions, Evolution Equations and Evolution Kernels from Light-Ray Operators of QCD

The widely used nonperturbative wave functions and distribution functions of QCD are determined as matrix elements of light-ray operators. These operators appear as large momentum limit of nonlocal hadron operators or as summed up local operators in light-cone expansions. Nonforward one-particle matrix elements of such operators lead to new distribution amplitudes describing both hadrons simultaneously. These distribution functions depend besides other variables on two scaling variables. They are applied for the description of exclusive virtual Compton scattering in the Bjorken region near forward direction and the two meson production process. The evolution equations for these distribution amplitudes are derived on the basis of the renormalization group equation of the considered operators. This includes that also the evolution kernels follow from the anomalous dimensions of these operators. Relations between different evolution kernels (especially the Altarelli-Parisi and the Brodsky-Lepage) kernels are derived and explicitly checked for the existing two-loop calculations of QCD. Technical basis of these results are support and analytically properties of the anomalous dimensions of light-ray operators obtained with the help of the $\alpha$-representation of Green's functions
Selected Topics on Rare Kaon Processes - in the Standard Model and
  Supergravity -

Rare kaon processes appear to be particularly suitable to study the
extensions of the standard model, especially if the possibility for eventual
direct evidence becomes unlikely. In this review, we discuss processes that are
important as a test of either the standard model or supergravity. Moreover,
some of these are important even for both the standard model and for
supergravity. Particular attention is paid to the reduction of uncertainties in
the calculation, especially the ones coming from the confinement effects.
Recent approaches, such as chiral perturbation theory, the large
$N_c$-expansion, QCD sum rules and lattice QCD, are discussed. This is found to
be the best strategy in view of the fact that supersymmetric effects are rather
tiny.Comment: 52 pages (14 figures available upon request), LaTex, LMU-TP 7/89,
  RBI-TP 4/89, final version July 1992, to be published in Fortschritte der
  Physi
Path Integration and Separation of Variables in Spaces of Constant
  Curvature in Two and Three Dimensions

In this paper path integration in two- and three-dimensional spaces of
constant curvature is discussed: i.e.\ the flat spaces $\bbbr^2$ and $\bbbr^3$,
the two- and three-dimensional sphere and the two- and three dimensional
pseudosphere. The Laplace operator in these spaces admits separation of
variables in various coordinate systems. In all these coordinate systems the
path integral formulation will be stated, however in most of them an explicit
solution in terms of the spectral expansion can be given only on a formal
level. What can be stated in all cases, are the propagator and the
corresponding Green function, respectively, depending on the invariant distance
which is a coordinate independent quantity. This property gives rise to
numerous identities connecting the corresponding path integral representations
and propagators in various coordinate systems with each other.Comment: 70 pages, AmSTeX, DESY 93 - 141 (mailer corrupted file, and truncated
  it
Path Integral Discussion for Smorodinsky-Winternitz Potentials: I.\ Two-
  and Three Dimensional Euclidean Space

Path integral formulations for the Smorodinsky-Winternitz potentials in two-
and three-dimen\-sional Euclidean space are presented. We mention all
coordinate systems which separate the Smorodinsky-Winternitz potentials and
state the corresponding path integral formulations. Whereas in many coordinate
systems an explicit path integral formulation is not possible, we list in all
soluble cases the path integral evaluations explicitly in terms of the
propagators and the spectral expansions into the wave-functions.Comment: LaTeX 60 pages, DESY 94-01
Quantum Dynamical Approach of Wavefunction Collapse in Measurement
  Process and Its Application to Quantum Zeno Effect

The systematical studies on the dynamical approach of wavefunction collapse
in quantum measurement are reported in this paper based on the Hepp-Coleman's
model and its generalizations. Under certain physically reasonable conditions,
which are easily satisfied by the practical problems, it is shown that the
off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix vanish in quantum
mechanical evolution process in the macroscopic limit with a very large
particle number N. Various examples with detector made up of oscillators of
different spectrum distribution are used to illustrate this observations . With
the two-level system as an explicit illustration, the quantum information
entropy is exactly obtained to quantitatively describe the degree of
decoherence for the so-called partial coherence caused by detector. The entropy
for the case with many levels is computed based on perturbation method in the
limits with very large and very small N. As an application of this general
approach for quantum measurement, a dynamical realization of the quantum Zeno
effect are present to analyse its recent testing experiment in connection with
a description of transition in quantum information entropy. Finally, the Cini's
model for the correlation between the states of the measured system and the
detector is generalized for the case with many energy-level.Comment: ITP.SUNYSB preprint Sep.,199
Dual description of the superconducting phase transition

The dual approach to the Ginzburg-Landau theory of a
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductor is reviewed. The dual theory describes
a grand canonical ensemble of fluctuating closed magnetic vortices, of
arbitrary length and shape, which interact with a massive vector field
representing the local magnetic induction. When the critical temperature is
approached from below, the magnetic vortices proliferate. This is signaled by
the disorder field, which describes the loop gas, developing a non-zero
expectation value in the normal conducting phase. It thereby breaks a {\it
global} U(1) symmetry. The ensuing Goldstone field is the magnetic scalar
potential. The superconducting-to-normal phase transition is studied by
applying renormalization group theory to the dual formulation. In the regime of
a second-order transition, the critical exponents are given by those of a
superfluid with a reversed temperature axis.Comment: Latex + Postscript file
Quantum groups and deformed special relativity

The structure and properties of possible $q$-Minkowski spaces is discussed,
and the corresponding non-commutative differential calculi are developed in
detail and compared with already existing proposals. This is done by stressing
its covariance properties as described by appropriate reflection equations.
Some isomorphisms among the space-time and derivative algebras are
demonstrated, and their representations are described briefly. Finally, some
physical consequences and open problems are discussed.Comment: New, completely revised version; 6 more pages, many references added.
  Plain Latex, no macros, 49 page
Dilaton-Maxwell gravity with matter near two dimensions

Unlike Einstein gravity, dilaton-Maxwell gravity with matter is
renormalizable in $2+\epsilon$ dimensions and has a smooth $\epsilon\to 0$
limit.By performing a renormalization- group study of this last theory we show
that the gravitational coupling constant $G$ has a non-trivial,ultraviolet
stable fixed point (asymptotic freedom) and that the dilatonic coupling
functions (including the dilatonic potential) exhibit also a real, non-trivial
fixed point. At such point the theory represents a standard charged
string-inspired model.Stability and the gauge dependence of the fixed-point
solution is discussed.It is shown that all these properties remain valid in a
dilatonic-Yang-Mills theory with $n$ scalars and $m$ spinors, that has the UF
stable fixed point $G^* = 3\epsilon (48+12N-m-2n)^{-1}$.In addition, it is seen
that by increasing $N$ (number of gauge fields) the matter central charge
$C=n+m/2$ ($0<C<24+6N$) can be increased correspondingly (in pure dilatonic
gravity $0<C<24$).Comment: 15 pages, LATEX fil
Geometry of Lagrangian First-order Classical Field Theories

We construct a lagrangian geometric formulation for first-order field
theories using the canonical structures of first-order jet bundles, which are
taken as the phase spaces of the systems in consideration. First of all, we
construct all the geometric structures associated with a first-order jet bundle
and, using them, we develop the lagrangian formalism, defining the canonical
forms associated with a lagrangian density and the density of lagrangian
energy, obtaining the {\sl Euler-Lagrange equations} in two equivalent ways: as
the result of a variational problem and developing the {\sl jet field
formalism} (which is a formulation more similar to the case of mechanical
systems). A statement and proof of Noether's theorem is also given, using the
latter formalism. Finally, some classical examples are briefly studied.Comment: Latex file, 48 page
Dual N=2 SUSY Breaking

We discuss spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in $N=2$ globally
supersymmetric theories describing abelian vector multiplets. The most general
form of the action admits, in addition to the usual Fayet-Iliopoulos term, a
magnetic Fayet-Iliopoulos term for the auxiliary components of dual vector
multiplets. In a generic case, this leads to a spontaneous breakdown of one of
the two supersymmetries. In some cases however, dyon condensation restores
$N=2$ SUSY vacuum. This talk is based on the work done in collaboration with H.
Partouche \cite{apt}.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX. Talk presented at the CERN Workshop on
  "STU-Dualities and Non-Perturbative Phenomena in Superstrings and
  Supergravity", and at the 2nd US-Polish Workshop on "Physics from Planck
  Scale to Electroweak Scale
Duality Transformations in the Ten-Dimensional Action and New
  Superstring Theories

Type II superstring theory with mixed Dirichlet and Neumann boundary
conditions admit antisymmetric tensors with varying degrees in the spectrum. We
show that there exists a family of dual supergravity lagrangians to the $N=2$
type IIA action in ten dimensions. The duality transformations and the
resulting actions are constructed explicitely.Comment: Talk presented at the Cern workshop on ``STU-Dualities and
  Non-perturbative phenomena in Superstrings and Supergravity'' December 1995.
  Tex fil
N=2 symplectic reparametrizations in a chiral background

We study the symplectic reparametrizations that are possible for theories of
N=2 supersymmetric vector multiplets in the presence of a chiral background and
discuss some of their consequences. One of them concerns an anomaly arising
from a conflict between symplectic covariance and holomorphy.Comment: LateX. To appear in the proceedings of the Workshop on recent
  developments in theoretical physics, ``STU-Dualities and nonperturbative
  behaviour in superstrings and supergravity, CERN Theory Division, 199
World-volumes and string target spaces

String duality suggests a fascinating juxtoposition of world-volume and
target-space dynamics. This is particularly apparent in the $D$-brane
description of stringy solitons that forms a major focus of this article (which
is {\it not} intended to be a comprehensive review of this extensive subject).
The article is divided into four sections:
  1. The oligarchy of string world-sheets
  2. $p$-branes and world-volumes
  3. World-sheets for world-volumes
  4. Boundary states, $D$-branes and space-time supersymmetry
  [This article is based on a talk presented at the CERN Workshop on String
Duality (December, 1995) and the published version of a talk at the Buckow
Symposium (September, 1995).]Comment: 17 page
Batalin-Vilkovisky field-antifield quantisation of fluctuations around
  classical field configurations

The Lagrangian field-antifield formalism of Batalin and Vilkovisky (BV) is
used to investigate the application of the collective coordinate method to
soliton quantisation. It is shown how Noether identities and local symmetries
of the Lagrangian arise when collective coordinates are introduced in order to
avoid divergences related to zero modes. This transformation to collective and
fluctuation degrees of freedom is interpreted as a canonical transformation in
the symplectic field-antifield space which induces a time-local gauge symmetry.
Separating the corresponding Lagrangian path integral of the BV scheme in
lowest order into harmonic quantum fluctuations and a free motion of the
collective coordinate with the classical mass of the soliton, we show how the
BV approach clarifies the relation between zero modes, collective coordinates,
gauge invariance and the center-of-mass motion of classical solutions in
quantum fields. Finally, we apply the procedure to the reduced nonlinear O(3)
sigma-model.Comment: 29 pages, LaTex, no figure