pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Isolation of underivatized amino acids by ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography for precise measurement of nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids: Development of comprehensive LC×GC/C/IRMS method

AbstractNitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids has been widely applied to biochemical, ecological, archeological, and biogeochemical studies in an attempt to trace nitrogen source and transformation processes. For accurate isotope analysis of individual amino acids, we validated a preparative method involving the isolation of underivatized amino acids by ion-pair chromatographic separation and confirmed the consistency of nitrogen isotope composition. Ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) and gas chromatography/combustion coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) were conducted for the purpose of separation of underivatized amino acids and nitrogen isotopic analysis, respectively. Firstly, we confirmed the resolution of proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids by the preparative ion-pair LC separation. Diagnostic product ions determined by mass spectrometry can support the rapid identification of individual amino acids in screening analyses. Secondly, we observed no dependency on nitrogen isotopic composition for the injection amount of underivatized amino acids and even for different chemical formula including neutral, acidic, sulfur-containing, heterocyclic, and aromatic species. The recovery during the LC was 91.7±4.3% (n=3). The present method and strategy of LC coupled with GC/C/IRMS (i.e., comprehensive LC×GC/C/IRMS) are useful for the high precision determination of the nitrogen isotopic composition of amino acids, in conjunction with an appropriate pre-treatment of cation-exchange chromatographic procedures
PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study

SummaryBackgroundStatin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk.MethodsIn this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores.FindingsData were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA1c (0·03%, −0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, −0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m2, −0·09 to 0·30).InterpretationPCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins.FundingBritish Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre
Impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine life: Publication patterns, new discoveries, and future directions in research and management

AbstractAnthropogenic underwater noise is now recognized as a world-wide problem, and recent studies have shown a broad range of negative effects in a variety of taxa. Underwater noise from shipping is increasingly recognized as a significant and pervasive pollutant with the potential to impact marine ecosystems on a global scale. We reviewed six regional case studies as examples of recent research and management activities relating to ocean noise in a variety of taxonomic groups, locations, and approaches. However, as no six projects could ever cover all taxa, sites and noise sources, a brief bibliometric analysis places these case studies into the broader historical and topical context of the peer-reviewed ocean noise literature as a whole. The case studies highlighted emerging knowledge of impacts, including the ways that non-injurious effects can still accumulate at the population level, and detailed approaches to guide ocean noise management. They build a compelling case that a number of anthropogenic noise types can affect a variety of marine taxa. Meanwhile, the bibliometric analyses revealed an increasing diversity of ocean noise topics covered and journal outlets since the 1940s. This could be seen in terms of both the expansion of the literature from more physical interests to ecological impacts of noise, management and policy, and consideration of a widening range of taxa. However, if our scientific knowledge base is ever to get ahead of the curve of rapid industrialization of the ocean, we are going to have to identify naïve populations and relatively pristine seas, and construct mechanistic models, so that we can predict impacts before they occur, and guide effective mitigation for the most vulnerable populations
Noncommutative self-dual supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory

AbstractWe formulate noncommutative self-dual N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in D=2+2 dimensions. As in the corresponding commutative case, this theory can serve as the possible master theory of all the noncommutative supersymmetric integrable models in lower dimensions. As a by-product, noncommutative self-dual N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory is obtained in D=2+2. We also perform a dimensional reduction of the N=2 theory further into N=(2,2) in D=1+1, as a basis for more general future applications. As a typical example, we show how noncommutative integrable matrix N=(1,0) supersymmetric KdV equations in D=1+1 arise from this theory, via the Yang–Mills gauge groups GL(n,R) or SL(2n,R)
Spectrum and analytical indices of the C∗-algebra of Wiener–Hopf operators

AbstractWe study multivariate generalisations of the classical Wiener–Hopf algebra, which is the C∗-algebra generated by the Wiener–Hopf operators, given by convolutions restricted to convex cones. By the work of Muhly and Renault, this C∗-algebra is known to be isomorphic to the reduced C∗-algebra of a certain restricted action groupoid, given by the action of Euclidean space on a certain compactification. Using groupoid methods, we construct composition series for the Wiener–Hopf C∗-algebra by a detailed study of this compactification. We compute the spectrum, and express homomorphisms in K-theory induced by the symbol maps which arise by the subquotients of the composition series in analytical terms. Namely, these symbols maps turn out to be given by an analytical family index of a continuous family of Fredholm operators. In a subsequent paper, we also obtain a topological expression of these indices
Vibration measurement-based simple technique for damage detection of truss bridges: A case study

AbstractThe bridges experience increasing traffic volume and weight, deteriorating of components and large number of stress cycles. Therefore, assessment of the current condition of steel railway bridges becomes necessary. Most of the commonly available approaches for structural health monitoring are based on visual inspection and non-destructive testing methods. The visual inspection is unreliable as those depend on uncertainty behind inspectors and their experience. Also, the non-destructive testing methods are found to be expensive. Therefore, recent researches have noticed that dynamic modal parameters or vibration measurement-based structural health monitoring methods are economical and may also provide more realistic predictions to damage state of civil infrastructure. Therefore this paper proposes a simple technique to locate the damage region of railway truss bridges based on measured modal parameters. The technique is discussed with a case study. Initially paper describes the details of considered railway bridge. Then observations of visual inspection, material testing and in situ load testing are discussed under separate sections. Development of validated finite element model of the considered bridge is comprehensively discussed. Hence, variations of modal parameters versus position of the damage are plotted. These plots are considered as the main reference for locating the damage of the railway bridge in future periodical inspection by comparing the measured corresponding modal parameters. Finally the procedure of periodical vibration measurement and damage locating technique are clearly illustrated
Complex interventions reduce use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma: Systematic review with meta-regression

SummaryIntroductionAsthma accounts for considerable healthcare expenditure, a large proportion of which is attributable to use of expensive urgent healthcare. This review examines the characteristics of complex interventions that reduce urgent healthcare use in adults with asthma.MethodElectronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, the British Nursing Library and the Cochrane library, from inception to January 2013 were conducted. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they: i) included adults with asthma ii) assessed the efficacy of a complex intervention using randomised controlled trial design, and iii) included a measure of urgent healthcare utilisation at follow-up. Data on participants recruited, methods, characteristics of complex interventions and the effects of the intervention on urgent healthcare use were extracted.Results33 independent studies were identified resulting in 39 comparisons altogether. Pooled effects indicated that interventions were associated with a reduction in urgent healthcare use (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.94). When study effects were grouped according to the components of the interventions used, significant effects were seen for interventions that included general education (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.91), skills training (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.86) and relapse prevention (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.57, 0.98). In multivariate meta-regression analysis, only skills training remained significant.ConclusionsComplex interventions reduced the use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma by 21%. Those complex interventions including skills training, education and relapse prevention may be particularly effective in reducing the use of urgent healthcare in adults with asthma
QCD strings and the thermodynamics of the metastable phase of QCD at large Nc

AbstractThe thermodynamics of a metastable hadronic phase of QCD at large Nc are related to properties of an effective QCD string. In particular, it is shown that in the large Nc limit and near the maximum hadronic temperature, TH, the energy density and pressure of the metastable phase scale as E∼(TH−T)−(D⊥−6)/2 (for D⊥<6) and P∼(TH−T)−(D⊥−4)/2 (for D⊥<4) where D⊥ is the effective number of transverse dimensions of the string theory. It is shown, however, that for the thermodynamic quantities of interest the limits T→TH and Nc→∞ do not commute. The prospect of extracting D⊥ via lattice simulations of the metastable hadronic phase at moderately large Nc is discussed
Isospin properties of electric dipole excitations in 48Ca

AbstractTwo different experimental approaches were combined to study the electric dipole strength in the doubly-magic nucleus 48Ca below the neutron threshold. Real-photon scattering experiments using bremsstrahlung up to 9.9 MeV and nearly mono-energetic linearly polarized photons with energies between 6.6 and 9.51 MeV provided strength distribution and parities, and an (α,α′γ) experiment at Eα=136MeV gave cross sections for an isoscalar probe. The unexpected difference observed in the dipole response is compared to calculations using the first-order random-phase approximation and points to an energy-dependent isospin character. A strong isoscalar state at 7.6 MeV was identified for the first time supporting a recent theoretical prediction
Optical Modulation in the X-Ray Binary 4U 1543–624 Revisited

The X-ray binary 4U 1543–624 has been provisionally identified as an ultra-compact system with an orbital period of ≃ 18 min. We have carried out time-resolved optical imaging of the binary to verify the ultra-short orbital period. Using 140 min of high-cadence r′-band photometry, we recover the previously-seen sinusoidal modulation and determine a period P = 18.20 ± 0.09 min. In addition, we also see a 7.0 × 10⁻⁴ mag min⁻¹ linear decay, likely related to variations in the source's accretion activity. Assuming that the sinusoidal modulation arises from X-ray heating of the inner face of the companion star, we estimate a distance of 6.0–6.7 kpc and an inclination angle of 34°–61° (90% confidence) for the binary. Given the stability of the modulation, we can confirm that the modulation is orbital in origin and 4U 1543–624 is an ultra-compact X-ray binary
Adjusting for unmeasured confounding in non-randomised longitudinal studies: a methodological review

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Objective
Motivated by recent calls to use electronic health records for research, we reviewed the application and development of methods for addressing the bias from unmeasured confounding in longitudinal data.
Design
Methodological review of existing literature
Setting
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles addressing the threat to causal inference from unmeasured confounding in nonrandomised longitudinal health data through quasi-experimental analysis.
Results
Among the 121 studies included for review, 84 used instrumental variable analysis (IVA), of which 36 used lagged or historical instruments. Difference-in-differences (DiD) and fixed effects (FE) models were found in 29 studies. Five of these combined IVA with DiD or FE to try to mitigate for time-dependent confounding. Other less frequently used methods included prior event rate ratio adjustment, regression discontinuity nested within pre-post studies, propensity score calibration, perturbation analysis and negative control outcomes.
Conclusions
Well-established econometric methods such as DiD and IVA are commonly used to address unmeasured confounding in non-randomised, longitudinal studies, but researchers often fail to take full advantage of available longitudinal information. A range of promising new methods have been developed, but further studies are needed to understand their relative performance in different contexts before they can be recommended for widespread use.This research was funded by the Medical Research Council [grant number G0902158] with additional support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for the South West Peninsula and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) School for Public Health Research Ageing Well programme. The School for Public Health Research (SPHR) is funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). SPHR is a partnership between the Universities of Sheffield, Bristol, Cambridge, UCL; The London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; the University of Exeter Medical School; the LiLaC collaboration between the Universities of Liverpool and Lancaster and Fuse; The Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, a collaboration between Newcastle, Durham, Northumbria, Sunderland and Teesside Universities. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health
Making sense of tourists' photographs using canonical variate analysis.

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Nika Balomenou, Brian Garrod, and Andri Georgiadou, ???Making sense of tourists??? photographs using canonical variate analysis???, Tourism Management, Vol. 61: 173-179, August 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.02.010. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 20 February 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Published by Elsevier.Tourists??? photographs can be a rich database for researchers wishing to study tourists??? perceptions and attitudes towards destinations. Such data can also be useful in examining how tourists behave, where, when, with whom and why. Many researchers favour the qualitative analysis of such data, which requires the use either of relatively small numbers of photographs or a considerable expense of researcher time and effort to undertake. Much of this process is speculative, in that it involves working with variables which may or may not prove to be significant in addressing the hypotheses set for the research. This research note recommends the use of a preliminary phase of research in which a quantitative approach is used to reduce the number of variables needing to be coded. Canonical variate analysis is suggested as an appropriate tool for achieving this. Case study results are presented to demonstrate the utility of this approach
Effect of methods and time of poultry manure\ud
5 application on soil and leaf nutrient concentrations,\ud
6 growth and fruit yield of tomato (Lycopersicon\ud
7 esculentum Mill)

In order to obtain maximum economic value of plant nutrients in poultry manure and\ud
increase in tomato yield, field experiments were conducted at Owo, southwest Nigeria, during\ud
2012 and 2013 early cropping seasons to study the effect of two methods (broadcasting on the soil\ud
surface and the incorporated) and four times (3 weeks before transplanting (3 WBTP), 0 week at\ud
transplanting (0 WATP), 3 weeks after transplanting (3 WATP), and 6 weeks after transplanting\ud
(6 WATP) of poultry manure (PM)) of applications on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations,\ud
growth and yield of tomato. The eight treatments were factorially arranged in a randomized\ud
block design with 3 replications. Results showed that PM incorporated into the soil\ud
produced higher soil organic matter and soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, growth and yield (0.9 t ha\ud
�1)\ud
of tomato compared with broadcast method. Also PM applied at 3 WBTP had higher leaf nutrient\ud
concentrations and better growth and yield of tomato compared with 0 WATP, 3 WATP and 6\ud
WATP. The higher yield of 3 WBTP was adduced to better synchrony between crop demand\ud
and nutrient supply. Using the mean of the two years, 3 WBTP increased tomato fruit yield by\ud
4.0, 2.8 and 1.5 t ha\ud
�1 compared with 6 WATP, 3 WATP and 0 WATP, respectively. This yield difference\ud
can be economical on large scale tomato production. Therefore application of PM at 3\ud
WBTP with incorporated method is recommended for tomato cultivation in the forest-savanna\ud
transition zone of southwest Nigeria
Gauge invariant Lagrangian formulation of massive higher spin fields in
  (A)dS_3 space

We develop the frame-like formulation of massive bosonic higher spins fields
in the case of 3-dimensional $(A)dS$ space with the arbitrary cosmological
constant. The formulation is based on gauge-invariant description by involving
the Stueckelberg auxiliary fields. The explicit form of the Lagrangians and the
gauge transformation laws are found. The theory can be written in terms of
gauge-invariant objects similar to the massless theories, thus allowing us to
hope to use the same methods for investigation of interactions. In the massive
spin 3 field example we are able to rewrite the Lagrangian using the new the
so-called separated variables, so that the study of Lagrangian formulation
reduces to finding the Lagrangian containing only half of the fields. The same
construction takes places for arbitrary integer spin field as well. Further
working in terms of separated variables, we build Lagrangian for arbitrary
integer spin and write it in terms of gauge-invariant objects. Also, we
demonstrate how to restore the full set of variables, thus receiving Lagrangian
for the massive fields of arbitrary spin in the terms of initial fields.Comment: 12 page
Decomposing transverse momentum balance contributions for quenched jets in PbPb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Interactions between jets and the quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions are studied via the angular distributions of summed charged-particle transverse momenta (pT) with respect to both the leading and subleading jet axes in high-pT dijet events. The contributions of charged particles in different momentum ranges to the overall event pT balance are decomposed into short-range jet peaks and a long-range azimuthal asymmetry in charged-particle pT. The results for PbPb collisions are compared to those in pp collisions using data collected in 2011 and 2013, at collision energy sNN=2.76 TeV with integrated luminosities of 166 μb−1 and 5.3 pb−1, respectively, by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Measurements are presented as functions of PbPb collision centrality, charged-particle pT, relative azimuth, and radial distance from the jet axis for balanced and unbalanced dijets.The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authorit
Nuclear structure of <sup>178</sup>Hf related to the spin-16, 31-year isomer

<p>The projected shell model is used to study the multi-quasiparticle and collective excitations of <sup>178</sup>Hf. With an axially symmetric basis, the spin-16 isomer at 2.4 MeV appears to be well separated in energy/spin space from other configurations. However, projected energy surface calculations suggest that <sup>178</sup>Hf has significant softness to axially asymmetric shapes, which can strongly modify the level distribution. The implications for photodeexcitation of the isomer are discussed.</p
Influence of sea ice decline, atmospheric warming, and glacier width on marine-terminating outlet glacier behavior in northwest Greenland at seasonal to interannual timescales

Discharge from marine-terminating outlet glaciers represents a key component of the Greenland Ice Sheet mass budget and observations suggest that mass loss from northwest Greenland has recently accelerated. Despite this, the factors controlling outlet glacier dynamics within this region have been comparatively poorly studied. Here we use remotely sensed data to investigate the influence of atmospheric, oceanic, and glacier-specific controls on the frontal position of Alison Glacier (AG), northwest Greenland, and nine surrounding outlet glaciers. AG retreated by 9.7?km between 2001 and 2005, following at least 25?years of minimal change. Results suggest that sea ice and air temperatures influence glacier frontal position at seasonal and interannual timescales. However, the response of individual outlet glaciers to forcing was strongly modified by factors specific to each glacier, specifically variations in fjord width and terminus type. Overall, our results underscore the need to consider these factors in order to interpret recent rapid changes and predict the dynamic response of marine-terminating outlet glaciers to atmospheric and oceanic forcing.publishersversionPeer reviewe