pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy: Possible relationships between psychotic disorders and involvement of limbic circuits

Objective: Mounting evidence suggests that the limbic system is pathologically involved in cases of psychiatric comorbidities in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Our objective was to develop a conceptual framework describing how neuropathological and connectivity changes might contribute to the development of psychosis and to the potential neurobiological mechanisms that cause schizophrenia-like psychosis in TLE patients. Methods: In this review, clinical and neuropathological findings, especially brain circuitry of the limbic system, were examined together to enhance our understanding of the association between TLE and psychosis. Finally, the importance of animal models in epilepsy and psychiatric disorders was discussed. Conclusions: TLE and psychiatric symptoms coexist more frequently than chance would predict. Damage and deregulation among critical anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and the temporal, frontal and cingulate cortices, might predispose TLE brains to psychosis. Studies of the effects of kindling and injection of neuroactive substances on behavior and electrophysiological patterns may offer a model of how limbic seizures in humans increase the vulnerability of TLE patients to psychiatric symptoms.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development  CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development - CNPq)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), BrazilFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN), Brazi
Energy dependent γ-ray morphology in the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137

Aims.We present results from deep $\gamma$-ray observations of the Galactic pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137 performed with the HESS array.\ud
Methods. Detailed morphological and spatially resolved spectral studies reveal the very high-energy (VHE) $\gamma$-ray aspects of this object with unprecedented precision.\ud
Results. We confirm previous results obtained in a survey of the Galactic Plane in 2004. The $\gamma$-ray emission extends asymmetrically to the south and south-west of the energetic pulsar PSR J1826-1334 , that is thought to power the pulsar wind nebula. The differential $\gamma$-ray spectrum of the whole emission region is measured over more than two orders of magnitude, from 270 GeV to 35 TeV, and shows indications for a deviation from a pure power law. Spectra have also been determined for spatially separated regions of HESS J1825-137. The photon indices from a power-law fit in the different regions show a softening of the spectrum with increasing distance from the pulsar and therefore an energy dependent morphology.\ud
Conclusions. This is the first time that an energy dependent morphology has been detected in the VHE $\gamma$-ray regime. The VHE $\gamma$-ray emission of HESS J1825-137 is phenomenologically discussed in the scenario where the $\gamma$-rays are produced by VHE electrons via Inverse Compton scattering. The high $\gamma$-ray luminosity of the source cannot be explained on the basis of constant spin-down power of the pulsar and requires higher injection power in past.Peer-reviewedPublisher Version5374
Anomalous alkaline sulphate fluids produced in a magmatic hydrothermal system - Savo, Solomon Islands

In magmatic–hydrothermal and associated geothermal systems, acidic magmatic-derived fluids (pH < 3) commonly discharge from springs proximal to the vent of active (degassing) volcanoes and more alkaline (pH > 5) geothermal fluids are typically limited to lateral outflows some distance from the main vent. Here we describe an unusual hydrothermal system associated with Savo volcano, a recently eruptive (1830–1840 AD) trachyte-dominated island arc stratovolcano in the Solomon Islands. Hot springs (∼ 100 °C) near to the volcanic crater discharge alkaline waters instead of the more commonly recognised acidic fluids.\ud
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The hydrothermal system of Savo dominantly discharges sinter and travertine-forming alkaline sulphate (pH 7–8) waters at hot springs on its upper flanks, in addition to a small number of lower discharge acid sulphate springs (pH 2–7). Alkaline sulphate fluids are dilute, chloride-poor (< 50 mg/l), sulphate- (> 600 mg/l) and silica-rich (> 250 mg/l). They have restricted δ34SSO4 (5.4 ± 1.5‰) and δ18OH2O values (− 4‰; local non-thermal groundwater is − 8‰). Acid sulphate springs discharge low chloride (< 20 mg/l), high sulphate (300–800 mg/l) waters, with variable silica (100–300 mg/l) and distinctly lower δ34SSO4 values (− 0.6 ± 2.5‰) compared to the alkaline sulphate fluids. They also display high δ18OH2O and δDH2O relative to non-thermal groundwater.\ud
\ud
Geochemical modelling shows that water–rock reaction and dilution in the presence of secondary anhydrite, pyrite and quartz leads to chloride being diluted to low concentrations, whilst maintaining high sulphate and silica concentrations in the fluid. Strontium, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes confirm water–rock reaction and mixing with groundwater as primary controls on the composition of the alkaline sulphate springs.\ud
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The highly unusual dilute chemistry of all discharges at Savo is a consequence of high regional rainfall, i.e. climatic control, and results from open system mixing at depth between hydrothermal and meteoric waters.967
Adiabatic hydrodynamics : the eightfold way to dissipation.

Hydrodynamics is the low-energy effective field theory of any interacting quantum theory, capturing the long-wavelength fluctuations of an equilibrium Gibbs densitymatrix. Conventionally, one views the effective dynamics in terms of the conserved currents, which should be expressed via the constitutive relations in terms of the fluid velocity and the intensive parameters such as the temperature, chemical potential, etc. . . However, not all constitutive relations are acceptable; one has to ensure that the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied on all physical configurations. In this paper, we provide a complete solution to hydrodynamic transport at all orders in the gradient expansion compatible with the second law constraint.\ud
The key new ingredient we introduce is the notion of adiabaticity, which allows us to take hydrodynamics off-shell. Adiabatic fluids are such that off-shell dynamics of the fluid compensates for entropy production. The space of adiabatic fluids is quite rich, and admits a decomposition into seven distinct classes. Together with the dissipative class this establishes the eightfold way of hydrodynamic transport. Furthermore, recent results guarantee that dissipative terms beyond leading order in the gradient expansion are agnostic of the second law. While this completes a transport taxonomy, we go on to argue for a new symmetry principle, an Abelian gauge invariance that guarantees adiabaticity in hydrodynamics. We suggest that this symmetry is the macroscopic manifestation of the microscopic KMS invariance. We demonstrate its utility by explicitly constructing effective actions for adiabatic transport. The theory of adiabatic fluids, we speculate, provides a useful starting point for a new framework to describe non-equilibrium dynamics, wherein dissipative effects arise by Higgsing the Abelian symmetry
Insights into the behaviour of S, F, and Cl at Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala, from apatite and glass.

The mineral apatite can incorporate all of the major magmatic volatile species into its structure. Where melt inclusions are not available, magmatic apatite may therefore represent an opportunity to quantify volatile concentrations in the pre-eruptive melt. We analysed apatites and matrix glasses from andesites and dacites erupted from Santiaguito Volcano, Guatemala, between the 1920s and 2002. X-ray mapping shows complex zoning of sulphur in the apatite grains, but typically with sulphur-rich cores and sulphur-poor rims. Apatite microphenocrysts are enriched in F and depleted in Cl relative to inclusions. Matrix glasses are dacite to rhyolite and contain low F but up to 2400 ppm Cl. Overall, the data are consistent with progressive depletion of Cl in the most evolved melts due to crystallisation and degassing. In the absence of pristine melt inclusions, we used apatite, together with published partitioning data, to reconstruct the likely volatile contents of the pre-eruptive melt, and hence estimate long-term average gas emissions of SO2, HF and HCl for the ongoing eruption. The data indicate time-averaged SO2 emissions of up to 157 tonnes/day, HCl of 74-1382 tonnes/day and up to 196 tonnes/day HF. Apatite may provide a useful measure of long-term volatile emissions at volcanoes where direct emissions measurements are unavailable, or for comparison with intermittent gas sampling methods. However, significant uncertainty remains regarding volatile distribution coefficients for apatite, and their variations with temperature and pressure
The expanding role of primary care in cancer control.

The nature of cancer control is changing, with an increasing emphasis, fuelled by public and political demand, on prevention, early diagnosis, and patient experience during and after treatment. At the same time, primary care is increasingly promoted, by governments and health funders worldwide, as the preferred setting for most health care for reasons of increasing need, to stabilise health-care costs, and to accommodate patient preference for care close to home. It is timely, then, to consider how this expanding role for primary care can work for cancer control, which has long been dominated by highly technical interventions centred on treatment, and in which the contribution of primary care has been largely perceived as marginal. In this Commission, expert opinion from primary care and public health professionals with academic and clinical cancer expertise—from epidemiologists, psychologists, policy makers, and cancer specialists—has contributed to a detailed consideration of the evidence for cancer control provided in primary care and community care settings. Ranging from primary prevention to end-of-life care, the scope for new models of care is explored, and the actions needed to effect change are outlined. The strengths of primary care—its continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for individuals and families—are particularly evident in prevention and diagnosis, in shared follow-up and survivorship care, and in end-of-life care. A strong theme of integration of care runs throughout, and its elements (clinical, vertical, and functional) and the tools needed for integrated working are described in detail. All of this change, as it evolves, will need to be underpinned by new research and by continuing and shared multiprofessional development
Ultrasonic additive manufacturing - a hybrid production process for novel functional products

This paper was published as Open Access by Elsevier under a CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence.Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing (UAM), or Ultrasonic Consolidation as it is also referred, is a hybrid form of manufacture,\ud
primarily for metal components. The unique nature of the process permits extremely novel functionality to be realised such as\ud
multi-material structures with embedded componentry. UAM has been subject to research and investigation at Loughborough\ud
University since 2001. This paper introduces UAM then details a number of key findings in a number of areas that have been of\ud
particular focus at Loughborough in recent years. These include; the influence of pre-process material texture on interlaminar\ud
bonding, secure fibre positioning through laser machined channels, and freeform electrical circuitry integration
The Extended Thermodynamic Properties of a topological Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS
  spaces

We consider higher dimensional topological Taub-NUT/Bolt-AdS solutions where
a cosmological constant is treated as a pressure. The thermodynamic quantities
of these solutions are explicitly calculated. Furthermore, we find these
thermodynamic quantities satisfy the Clapeyron equation. In particular, a new
thermodynamically stable region for the NUT solution is found by studying the
Gibbs free energy. Intriguingly, we also find that like the AdS black hole
case, the G-T diagram of the Bolt solution has two branches which are joined at
a minimum temperature. The Bolt solution with the large radius, at the lower
branch, becomes stable beyond a certain temperature while the Bolt solution
with the small radius, at the upper branch, is always unstable.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, version to appear in PL
Single-Layered Hittorf's Phosphorus: A Wide-Bandgap High Mobility 2D
  Material

We propose here a two-dimensional material based on a single layer of violet
or Hittorf's phosphorus. Using first-principles density functional theory, we
find it to be energetically very stable, comparable to other previously
proposed single-layered phosphorus structures. It requires only a small
energetic cost of approximately $0.04~\text{eV/atom}$ to be created from its
bulk structure, Hittorf's phosphorus, or a binding energy of
$0.3-0.4~\text{J/m}^2$ per layer, suggesting the possibility of exfoliation in
experiments. We find single-layered Hittorf's phosphorus to be a wide band gap
semiconductor with a direct band gap of approximately $2.5$~eV and our
calculations show it is expected to have a high and highly anisotropic hole
mobility with an upper bound lying between $3000-7000$~cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$.
These combined properties make single-layered Hittorf's phosphorus a very good
candidate for future applications in a wide variety of technologies, in
particular for high frequency electronics, and optoelectronic devices operating
in the low wavelength blue color range.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure
Brownian regime of finite-N corrections to particle motion in the XY
  hamiltonian mean field model

We study the dynamics of the N-particle system evolving in the XY hamiltonian
mean field (HMF) model for a repulsive potential, when no phase transition
occurs. Starting from a homogeneous distribution, particles evolve in a mean
field created by the interaction with all others. This interaction does not
change the homogeneous state of the system, and particle motion is
approximately ballistic with small corrections. For initial particle data
approaching a waterbag, it is explicitly proved that corrections to the
ballistic velocities are in the form of independent brownian noises over a time
scale diverging not slower than $N^{2/5}$ as $N \to \infty$, which proves the
propagation of molecular chaos. Molecular dynamics simulations of the XY-HMF
model confirm our analytical findings.Comment: XIV Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena (Cartagena,
  Colombia, Sep. 2015) Keywords : deterministic chaos, stochasticity,
  mean-field models, propagation of chaos, asymptotic independence, brownian
  limit, finite N noise, long-range system, hamiltonian dynamic
Ambitwistors, oscillators and massless fields on $AdS_5$

Positive energy unitary irreducible representations of $SU(2,2)$ can be
constructed with the aid of bosonic oscillators in (anti)fundamental
representation of $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ that are closely related to Penrose
twistors. Starting with the correspondence between the doubleton
representations, homogeneous functions on projective twistor space and on-shell
$SL(2,\mathbb C)$ generalized Weyl curvature spinors and their low-spin
counterparts, we study in the similar way the correspondence between the
massless representations, homogeneous functions on ambitwistor space and, via
the Penrose transform, with the gauge fields on Minkowski boundary of $AdS_5$.
The possibilities of reconstructing massless fields on $AdS_5$ and some
applications are also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX; v.3: comment and reference added, further typos
  corrected, published versio
A role for CaV1 and calcineurin signalling to depolarization-induced changes in neuronal DNA methylation

Copyright © 2015 The Authors Published by Elsevier Inc.Direct manipulations of neuronal activity have been shown to induce changes in DNA methylation (DNAm), although little is known about the cellular signaling pathways involved. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we identify DNAm changes associated with moderate chronic depolarization in dissociated rat hippocampal cultures. Consistent with previous findings, these changes occurred primarily in the vicinity of loci implicated in neuronal function, being enriched in intergenic regions and underrepresented in CpG-rich promoter regulatory regions. We subsequently used 2 pharmacological interventions (nifedipine and FK-506) to test whether the identified changes depended on 2 interrelated signaling pathways known to mediate multiple forms of neuronal plasticity. Both pharmacological manipulations had notable effects on the extent and magnitude of depolarization-induced DNAm changes indicating that a high proportion of activity-induced changes are likely to be mediated by calcium entry through L-type CaV1 channels and/or downstream signaling via the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin.Wellcome TrustMRC 4-year PhD studentshipKCL CDN-SGDP collaborative seed fundin
Correlation or not correlation? This is the question in modeling residential water demand pulses

Published© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This paper presents a comparison of two different modelling approaches for the generation of residential water demand pulses as Poisson processes. Both approaches are able to preserve the mean value of daily water demand. The main difference lies in the fact that the first considers the correlation between pulse durations and intensities whereas the second neglects it. Overall, the results of the applications aimed at reproducing the measured pulses in two households show that the increase in parameterization burden associated with taking correlation into account delivers a considerable improvement in the quality of model predictions
Is it safe to implant bioresorbable scaffolds in ostial side-branch lesions? Impact of 'neo-carina' formation on main-branch flow pattern. Longitudinal clinical observations

Formation of a 'neo-carina' has been reported after bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) implantation over side-branches. However, as this 'neo-carina' could protrude into the main-branch, its hemodynamic impact remains unknown. We present two cases of BVS implantation for ostial side-branch lesions, and investigate the flow patterns at follow-up and their potential impact. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed, using a 3D mesh created by fusion of 3-dimensional angiogram with optical coherence tomography images. In our first case, mild disturbances were seen when 'neo-carina' did not protrude perpendicularly into the main branch. In the second case, extensive flow re-distribution was observed due to a more pronounced protrusion of the 'neo-carina'. Importantly, these areas of hemodynamic disturbance were observed together with lumen narrowing in a non-stenotic vessel segment. Our case observations highlight the importance of investigating the hemodynamic consequences of BVS implantation in bifurcation lesions and illustrate a novel method to do so invivo
Low molecular weight heparin (reviparin) in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Results of a randomized, double-blind, unfractionated heparin and placebo-controlled, multicenter trial (REDUCE trial)

Objectives. The specific objective of the REDUCE trial was to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin on the incidence and occurrence of restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Background. Unfractionated heparin and its low molecular weight fragments possess antiproliferative effects and have been shown to reduce neointimal smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in response to vascular injury in experimental studies. Methods. The REDUCE trial is an international prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Twenty-six centers in Europe and Canada enrolled 625 patients with single-lesion coronary artery obstructions suitable for PTCA. Three hundred six patients received reviparin as a 7,000-U bolus before PTCA, followed by 10,500 U as an infusion over 24 h and then twice-daily 3,500-U subcutaneous application for 28 days. The 306 patients in the control group received a bolus of 10,000 U of unfractionated heparin followed by an infusion of 24,000 U over 24 h. These patients then underwent 28 days of subcutaneous placebo injections. The primary end points were efficacy (defined as a reduction in the incidence of major adverse events [i.e., death, myocardial infarction, need for reintervention or bypass surgery]), absolute loss of minimal lumen diameter and incidence of restenosis during the observation period of 30 weeks after PTCA. Results. Using the intention to treat analysis for all patients, 102 (33.3%) in the reviparin group and 98 (32%) in the control group have reached a primary clinical end point (relative risk [RR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83 to 1.31, p = 0.707). Likewise, no difference in late loss of minimal lumen diameter was evident for both groups. Acute events within 24 h occurred in 12 patients (3.9%) in the reviparin group and 25 (8.2%) in the control group (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.92, p = 0.027) during or immediately after the initial procedure. In the control group, eight major bleeding complications occurred, and in the reviparin group, seven were observed within 35 days after PTCA. Conclusions. Reviparin use during and after coronary angioplasty did not reduce the occurrence of major clinical events or the incidence of angiographic restenosis over 30 weeks
Iron, copper and manganese complexes with in vitro superoxide dismutase and/or catalase activities that keep Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells alive under severe oxidative stress

Due to their aerobic lifestyle, eukaryotic organisms have evolved different strategies to overcome oxidative stress. The recruitment of some specific metalloenzymes such as superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalases (CATs) is of great importance for eliminating harmful reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion). Using the ligand HPCINOL {1-[bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-3-chloropropan-2-ol}, we have synthesized three coordination compounds containing iron(III), copper(II), and manganese(II) ions, which are also present in the active site of the above-noted metalloenzymes. These compounds were evaluated as SOD and CAT mimetics. The manganese and iron compounds showed both SOD and CAT activities, while copper showed only SOD activity. The copper and manganese in vitro SOD activities are very similar (IC50 similar to 0.4 mu mol dm(-3)) and about 70-fold higher than those of iron. The manganese compound showed CAT activity higher than that of the iron species. Analyzing their capacity to protect Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells against oxidative stress (H2O2 and the O-2(center dot-) radical), we observed that all compounds act as antioxidants, increasing the resistance of yeast cells mainly due to a reduction of lipid oxidation. Especially for the iron compound, the data indicate complete protection when wild-type cells were exposed to H2O2 or O-2(center dot-) species. Interestingly, these compounds also compensate for both superoxide dismutase and catalase deficiencies; their antioxidant activity is metal ion dependent, in the order iron(III) > copper(II) > manganese(II). The protection mechanism employed by the complexes proved to be independent of the activation of transcription factors (such as Yap1, Hsf1, Msn2/Msn4) and protein synthesis. There is no direct relation between the in vitro and the in vivo antioxidant activities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved