pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Norm Enforcement in Social Dilemmas An Experiment with Police Commissioners

International audienceDo individuals trained in law enforcement punish or reward differently from typical student-subjects? We analyze norm enforcement behavior of newly appointed police commissioners in both a game with positive externalities (based on a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism) and a similar game with negative externalities. Depending on the treatment, a reward or sanction institution is either exogenously or endogenously implemented. Police commissioners cooperate significantly more in both games and bear a higher burden of the sanction costs compared to non-police subjects. When the norm enforcement institution is endogenous, subjects favor rewards over sanctions, but police subjects are more likely to vote for sanctions. Police subjects also reward and sanction more than the others when the institution results from a majority vote. Our experiment suggests that lab evidence on social dilemma games with positive or negative externalities and enforcement institutions is rather robust
Using a multi-criteria decision aid methodology to implement sustainable development principles within an Organization

International audienceThe implementation of Sustainable Development (SD) within an Organization is a difficult task. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to deal with conflicting and incommensurable aspects such as environmental, economic and social dimensions. In this paper we have used a Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) methodology to cope with these difficulties. MCDA methodology offers the opportunity to avoid monetary valuation of the different dimensions of the SD. These dimensions are not substitutable for one another and all have a role to play. There is an abundance of possible aggregation procedures in MCDA methodology. In this paper we have proposed an innovative method to choose a suitable aggregation procedure for SD problems. Real life case studies of the implementation of an outranking approach (i.e., ELECTRE) and of a mono-criterion synthesis approach (i.e., MAUT approaches based on the Choquet integral) were done to respectively rank 22 SD strategic actions within an expertise Institute and rank 20 practical operational actions to control energy consumption of the Institute's buildings
Spin glass behavior in an interacting gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticle system

International audienceIn this paper we investigate the superspin glass behavior of a concentrated assembly of interacting maghemite nanoparticles and compare it to that of canonical atomic spin glass systems. ac versus temperature and frequency measurements show evidence of a superspin glass transition taking place at low temperature. In order to fully characterize the superspin glass phase, the aging behavior of both the thermo-remanent magnetization (TRM) and ac susceptibility has been investigated. It is shown that the scaling laws obeyed by superspin glasses and atomic spin glasses are essentially the same, after subtraction of a superparamagnetic contribution from the superspin glass response functions. Finally, we discuss a possible origin of this superparamagnetic contribution in terms of dilute spin glass models
Future expansion of agriculture and pasture acts to<br />amplify atmospheric CO2 levels in response to fossil<br />fuel and land-use change emissions

International audienceThe expansion of crop and pastures to the detriment of forests results into an increase in atmospheric CO2. A first obvious cause is the loss of forest biomass and soil carbon during and after conversion. A second, generally ignored cause, is the reduction of the residence time of carbon when for example forests or grasslands are converted to cultivated land. This decreases the sink capacity of the global terrestrial biosphere, and thereby may amplify the atmospheric CO2 rise due to fossil and land-use carbon release. For the IPCC-A2 future scenario, characterized by high fossil and high land-use emissions, we show that the land-use amplifier effect adds 61 ppm extra CO2 in the atmosphere by 2100 as compared to former treatment of land-use processes in carbon models. Investigating the individual contribution of each of the 6 land-use transitions (forest - crop, forest - pasture, grassland -crop) to the amplifier effect indicates that the clearing of forest and grasslands to arable lands explains most of the CO2 amplification. The amplification effect is 50% higher than in a previous analysis by the same authors which did not consider neither the deforestation to pastures nor the ploughing of grasslands. Such an amplification<br />effect is further examined in sensitivity tests where the net primary productivity is considered independant of atmospheric CO2. We also show that land-use changes which have already occurred in the recent past have a strong inertia at releasing<br />CO2, and will contribute to about 1/3 of the amplification effect by 2100. These results suggest that there is an additionnal atmospheric benefit of preserving pristine ecosystems with high turnover times
Early Cretaceous extensional reworking of the Triassic HP-UHP metamorphic orogen in Eastern China

International audienceCorresponding to the Early Mesozoic continental subduction between the North China Block (NCB) and the South China Block (SCB), the Tongbaishan-Hong’an- Dabieshan-Sulu massifs are famous for their HP-UHP metamorphism. More than 50% of the HP-UHP Orogenic Belt was significantly reworked by Early Cretaceous extensional tectonics. This Early Cretaceous event with a fast cooling period, at 130-120 Ma, superimposed on the Early Mesozoic HP-UHP orogenic belt and intensively changed the architecture of this orogen. Each individual segment documents different Early Cretaceous extensional structures, namely the central Tongbaishan domain is a metamorphic core complex (MCC) represented by an A-type non-cylindrical antiform; the central Dabieshan domain is a typical Cordilleran-type migmatite-cored MCC; the Southern Sulu UHP domain is a “wedge-shaped” structure exhumed by a simple detachment fault. These late stage extensional structures expose the previous HP-UHP orogenic belt as fragments along the NCB-SCB boundary. The geodynamic setting of this Early Cretaceous extensional tectonics along the HP-UHP orogen is a part of a 1000km-scale crustal extension belt that is widespread in eastern Eurasia continent from Trans-Baikal to the central part of SCB. Convective erosion or delamination of the mantle lithosphere might be considered as a possible mechanism for mantle removal
Learning and equilibrium selection in a coordination game with heterogeneous agents

We study a modified version of the coordination game presented in [J. van Huyck, J. Cook, R. Battalio, Selection dynamics, asymptotic stability, and adaptive behavior, J. Polit. Econ. 102 (1994) 975–1005], where a representative selection dynamics was proposed to explain experimental data. Assuming that the agents adjust their moves in the direction of the best response, we derive a formal analysis of the stability of the equilibria. We show by simulation that the interior equilibrium is robustly reached even when considerable heterogeneity is allowed among the agents. Our truly multi-agent game is capable of approximating quite well both the “median” game convergence and the experimental data
Z3-order theory of quantum inelastic scattering of charges by solids

Although the nonlinear response of solids in such phenomena as ion slowing and second harmonic generation has been studied since long ago, to our knowledge there has not existed a quantum theory of the inelastic scattering of charges by solids beyond the first Born approximation. In this paper we relate the inelastic cross section in the second Born approximation to the order Z3 to the quadratic retarded density-response function in the same (but far less trivial) fashion it has been known for the first Born approximation, deriving by this a formula applicable to describe the electron and positron energy-loss spectroscopy. The complete account of recoil is preserved. Our general formalism neither relies on a specific approximation to the dielectric response (such as the random phase approximation) nor is it restricted to scattering by a homogeneous electron gas: it is “exact” in the sense of inclusion of exchange and correlation and is applicable to targets of arbitrary symmetry. Based on this formalism, we perform explicit calculations of the Z3 contribution to plasmon excitation by electrons and positrons in a simple hydrodynamic model of electron gas and discuss the results, which prove to be instructive in the general case too
Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Hip Fracture

Producción CientíficaArterial hypertension is a chronic disease in which prevalence
increases with age, as occurs in osteoporosis. It is
clinically silent and is only revealed in the form of complications,
an aspect that it also shares with osteoporosis.
Various alterations of calcium metabolism have been described
in association with hypertension; such alterations
can cause decreased bone mass, the principal determining
factor of fracture.1,2 Another important factor is the occurrence
of falls. Hypertensive patients may experience a
greater number of falls resulting from fainting associated
with diminished baroreflex sensitivity or hypotension secondary
to therapy.3,4 The purpose of this study was to
assess the effect of hypertension and its various therapeutic
alternatives on the risk of hip fracture.2015-09-0
Water on BN doped benzene: A hard test for exchange-correlation
  functionals and the impact of exact exchange on weak binding

Density functional theory (DFT) studies of weakly interacting complexes have
recently focused on the importance of van der Waals dispersion forces whereas,
the role of exchange has received far less attention. Here, by exploiting the
subtle binding between water and a boron and nitrogen doped benzene derivative
(1,2-azaborine) we show how exact exchange can alter the binding conformation
within a complex. Benchmark values have been calculated for three orientations
of the water monomer on 1,2-azaborine from explicitly correlated quantum
chemical methods, and we have also used diffusion quantum Monte Carlo. For a
host of popular DFT exchange-correlation functionals we show that the lack of
exact exchange leads to the wrong lowest energy orientation of water on
1,2-azaborine. As such, we suggest that a high proportion of exact exchange and
the associated improvement in the electronic structure could be needed for the
accurate prediction of physisorption sites on doped surfaces and in complex
organic molecules. Meanwhile to predict correct absolute interaction energies
an accurate description of exchange needs to be augmented by dispersion
inclusive functionals, and certain non-local van der Waals functionals (optB88-
and optB86b-vdW) perform very well for absolute interaction energies. Through a
comparison with water on benzene and borazine (B$_3$N$_3$H$_6$) we show that
these results could have implications for the interaction of water with doped
graphene surfaces, and suggest a possible way of tuning the interaction energy
Robust modeling of human contact networks across different scales and
  proximity-sensing techniques

The problem of mapping human close-range proximity networks has been tackled
using a variety of technical approaches. Wearable electronic devices, in
particular, have proven to be particularly successful in a variety of settings
relevant for research in social science, complex networks and infectious
diseases dynamics. Each device and technology used for proximity sensing (e.g.,
RFIDs, Bluetooth, low-power radio or infrared communication, etc.) comes with
specific biases on the close-range relations it records. Hence it is important
to assess which statistical features of the empirical proximity networks are
robust across different measurement techniques, and which modeling frameworks
generalize well across empirical data. Here we compare time-resolved proximity
networks recorded in different experimental settings and show that some
important statistical features are robust across all settings considered. The
observed universality calls for a simplified modeling approach. We show that
one such simple model is indeed able to reproduce the main statistical
distributions characterizing the empirical temporal networks
Broadband satellite multimedia

The broadband satellite multimedia (BSM) architecture standardised by ETSI defines a satellite independent service access point (SI-SAP) interface layer that separates the satellite independent features of the upper layers from the satellite dependant features of the lower layers, and provides a mechanism to carry IP-based protocols over these satellite dependent lower layers. This enables interoperability at the IP layer between satellite systems of different physical and link layers technologies that fully comply with the SI-SAP concept. This study reviews past and current standardisation activities including the BSM quality of service (QoS) architecture, security architecture, network management that have been carried out by the ETSI Technical Committee-Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (TC-SES)/BSM working group and looking into the future to extend current SI-SAP functions that can enhance existing QoS provision and security management\ud
capabilities as well as proposing a mobility management architecture that complies with the IEEE 802.21 media independent handover framework to support BSM mobility and to allow integration of satellite networks with fixed and mobile network infrastructures. A service-based network management architecture is also proposed to allow management flexibility and integration of business and operation support functions, paving the way for satellite integration into the Internet of the future
Growth of CuCl thin films by magnetron sputtering for ultraviolet optoelectronic applications

Copper (I) chloride (CuCl) is a potential candidate for ultraviolet (UV) optoelectronics due to its close lattice match with Si (mismatch less than 0.4%) and a high UV excitonic emission at room temperature. CuCl thin films were deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of target to substrate distance (dts) and sputtering pressure on the composition, microstructure, and UV emission properties of the films were analyzed. The films deposited with shorter target to substrate spacing (dts=3  cm) were found to be nonstoichiometric, and the film stoichiometry improves when the substrate is moved away from the target (dts=4.5 and 6  cm). A further increase in the spacing results in poor crystalline quality. The grain interface area increases when the sputtering pressure is increased from 1.1×10–³ to  1×10–² mbar at dts=6  cm. Room temperature cathodoluminescence spectrum shows an intense and sharp UV exciton (Z₃) emission at ~385  nm with a full width at half maximum of 16  nm for the films deposited at the optimum dts of 6  cm and a pressure of 1.1×10–³  mbar. A broad deep level emission in the green region (~515  nm) is also observed. The relative intensity of the UV to green emission peaks decreased when the sputtering pressure was increased, consistent with an increase in grain boundary area. The variation in the stoichiometry and the crystallinity are attributed to the change in the intensity and energy of the flux of materials from the target due to the interaction with the background gas molecules
Deploying lifecycle profiles for very small entities: An early stage industry view

The recently published ISO/IEC 29110 standard Lifecycle profiles for Very Small Entities has at its core a Management and Engineering Guide [1] which is  targeted at very small entities (enterprises, organizations, departments or projects) having up to 25 people [2], to assist them unlock the potential benefits of using standards which are specifically designed to address their needs. This paper will also outline this standard and the implementation of a series of pilot project initiative harnessing a set of detailed guidelines known as “Deployment Packages” to assist very small entities in understanding and exploring the potential usage of an international software process standard. This paper will address issues of small entities needs, industry reaction to early pilot projects and highlight the needs for a light weight process assessment mechanism to meet the needs of very small entities and complement this new lifecycle standard
Assessing desertification risk using system stability condition analysis

This paper describes a procedure for evaluating the desertification risk in threatened areas. The procedure is based on an eight-equation dynamic model of a generic human–resource system that can be applied to different desertification syndromes. For each application, interest focuses on finding all the possible long-term final states of the system and on defining the conditions that mark out sustainability and long-term desertification by means of unambiguous specific parameter relations. The procedure is applied to three typified cases in Spain: (A) rainfed crops in areas with high soil erosion risk; (B) irrigated intensive agricultural systems; and (C) commercial rangelands. Results show that, in case A, high profit scenarios are responsible for the final extension of desertification but do not determine the specific threshold between sustainability and desertification. They do, however, in cases B and C
The FAST Platform: An Open and Semantically-Enriched Platform for Designing Multi-Channel and Enterprise-Class Gadgets

The transfer of the mashup paradigm in corporate environments needs additional capabilities beyond those typically associated with consumer mashups. In this paper, we present the architecture of the FAST platform which allows creating enterprise-class and multi-channel visual building blocks (so called gadgets) in an ad-hoc manner. The design of complex enterprise-class gadgets is supported by an integrated semantic concept which hides the complexity from the actual users. The architectural components of the platform, a technical life cycle model for enterprise mashups, and the FAST gadget ontology are presented. By means of a cross-organizational real-world scenario from the marketing/ promotion event area, we demonstrate the value and potential of the FAST platform
An optimization-based framework for modeling counterterrorism strategies

The paper introduces the subject of terrorism and counterterrorism by means of a two-person bimatrix game that provides some insight into the behavior of the two players. We then examine three important areas in counterterrorism tasks: the detection of terrorist cells and how to render them inoperable, the fortification of assets in order to protect them from terrorist attacks, and the optimal evacuation of people from an area affected by terrorism. Basic mathematical models are formulated and demonstrated. The paper concludes with some thoughts on potential extensions of the models presented here.
A reassessment of energy and GDP relationship: A case of Australia

This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationships between energy consumption and economic growth in Australia using the bound testing and the ARDL approach. For the first time in the literature we employ both production and demand side models and a unified model comprising both production and demand side variables for a single set of data. The relationships are investigated at aggregate as well as several disaggregated energy categories, such as coal, oil, gas and electricity. The possibilities of one or more structural break(s) in the data series are examined by applying the recent advances in techniques. We find that the results of the cointegration tests could be affected by the structural break(s) in the data. It is, therefore, crucial to incorporate the information on structural break(s) in the subsequent modelling and inferences. Moreover, neither the production side nor the demand side framework alone can provide sufficient information to draw an ultimate conclusion on the cointegration and causal direction between energy and output. When alternative frameworks and structural break(s) in time-series are explored properly, strong evidence of a bidirectional relationship between energy and output can be observed. The finding is true both at aggregate and disaggregate levels of energy consumption.
Falling upward with Parkinson's disease.

Falls can injure, even kill. No one with Parkinson's disease (PD) wants to fall by accident. However, the potential nastiness of falls does not preclude a more nuanced understanding of the personal meaning that falls can have. Rather than view falls as a problem to fear and manage solely by preventing and repairing harm, people with PD and those who care for them may recast falls as a mixed blessing. Falls may be a resource, skill, and catalyst for personal growth. We discuss how falls may give rise to opportunities in interrelated domains: capabilities, credo, character, creativity, chronemics, and connectedness. Clinicians could incorporate a positive focus across these domains to help people with PD to 'fall upward' in the sense of flourish
Investigation of vanadium and nitride alloys thin layers deposited by PVD

Lien vers la version éditeur: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20122900042In this work we present the technique of magnetron vapor deposition and the effect of several deposition parameters on the structural and morphological properties of prepared thin films. It was noted that the deposition time has an effect on the crystallinity, mechanical properties such as residual stress, roughness surface and the layer composition from target products. Studies were carried out on layers of vanadium (V) and the nitride vanadium (VN)
A particle swarm pattern search method for bound constrained global optimization

Abstract  In this paper we develop, analyze, and test a new algorithm for the global minimization of a function subject to simple bounds without the use of derivatives. The underlying algorithm is a pattern search method, more specifically a coordinate search method, which guarantees convergence to stationary points from arbitrary starting points. In the optional search phase of pattern search we apply a particle swarm scheme to globally explore the possible nonconvexity of the objective function. Our extensive numerical experiments showed that the resulting algorithm is highly competitive with other global optimization methods also based on function values.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-007-9133-
An efficient hardware architecture for a neural network activation function generator

This paper proposes an efficient hardware architecture for a function generator suitable for an artificial neural network (ANN). A spline-based approximation function is designed that provides a good trade-off between accuracy and silicon area, whilst also being inherently scalable and adaptable for numerous activation functions. This has been achieved by using a minimax polynomial and through optimal placement of the approximating polynomials based on the results of a genetic algorithm. The approximation error of the proposed method compares favourably to all related research in this field. Efficient hardware multiplication circuitry is used in the implementation, which reduces the area overhead and increases the throughput