pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Introduction to M(atrix) theory and noncommutative geometry

We give a mostly self-contained review of some aspects of M(atrix) theory and noncommutative geometry. The topics include introduction to BFSS and IKKT matrix models, compactifications on noncommutative tori, a review of basic notions of noncommutative geometry with a detailed discussion of noncommutative tori, Morita equivalence and SO(d,d|Z)-duality, an elementary discussion of instantons and noncommutative orbifolds. The review is primarily intended for physicists who would like to learn some basic techniques of noncommutative geometry and how they can be applied in string theory and for mathematicians who would like to learn about some new problems arising in theoretical physics
Long-range SL(2) Baxter equation in N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory

Relying on a few lowest order perturbative calculations of anomalous
dimensions of gauge invariant operators built from holomorphic scalar fields
and an arbitrary number of covariant derivatives in maximally supersymmetric
gauge theory, we propose an all-loop generalization of the Baxter equation
which determines their spectrum. The equation does not take into account
wrapping effects and is thus asymptotic in character. We develop an asymptotic
expansion of the deformed Baxter equation for large values of the conformal
spin and derive an integral equation for the cusp anomalous dimension.Comment: Latex, 11 page
Condensation in a Disordered Infinite-Range Hopping Bose-Hubbard Model

We study Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) in the Infinite-Range Hopping
Bose-Hubbard model for repulsive on-site particle interaction in presence of
ergodic random one-site potentials with different distributions. We show that
the model is exactly soluble even if the on-site interaction is random. But in
contrast to the non-random case, we observe here new phenomena: instead of
enhancement of BEC for perfect bosons, for constant on-site repulsion and
discrete distributions of the single-site potential there is suppression of BEC
at some fractional densities. We show that this suppression appears with
increasing disorder. On the other hand, the BEC suppression at integer
densities may disappear, if disorder increases. For a continuous distribution
we prove that the BEC critical temperature decreases for small on-site
repulsion while the BEC is suppressed at integer values of density for large
repulsion. Again, the threshold for this repulsion gets higher, when disorder
increases
p-Adic Schr\"{o}dinger-Type Operator with Point Interactions

A $p$-adic Schr\"{o}dinger-type operator $D^{\alpha}+V_Y$ is studied.
$D^{\alpha}$ ($\alpha>0$) is the operator of fractional differentiation and
$V_Y=\sum_{i,j=1}^nb_{ij}<\delta_{x_j}, \cdot>\delta_{x_i}$
$(b_{ij}\in\mathbb{C})$ is a singular potential containing the Dirac delta
functions $\delta_{x}$ concentrated on points $\{x_1,...,x_n\}$ of the field of
$p$-adic numbers $\mathbb{Q}_p$. It is shown that such a problem is well-posed
for $\alpha>1/2$ and the singular perturbation $V_Y$ is form-bounded for
$\alpha>1$. In the latter case, the spectral analysis of $\eta$-self-adjoint
operator realizations of $D^{\alpha}+V_Y$ in $L_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)$ is carried
out
Spine proofs for Lp-convergence of branching-diffusion martingales

Using the foundations laid down in Hardy and Harris (2006) ["A new
formulation of the spine approach in branching diffusions",
arXiv:math.PR/0611054], we present new spine proofs of the L^p-convergence
p>=1) of some key `additive' martingales for three distinct models of branching
diffusions, including new results for a multi-type branching Brownian motion
and discussion of left-most particle speeds. The spine techniques we develop
give clear and simple arguments in the spirit of the conceptual spine proofs
found in Kyprianou (2004) ["Travelling wave solutions to the KPP equation, Ann.
Inst. H. Poincare Probab. Statist. 40, no.1, pp53-72] and Lyons et al (1997)
["A conceptual proof of the Kesten-Stigum theorem for multi-type branching
processes", Classical and modern branching processes, IMA Vol. Math. Appl.,
vol.84, Springer, New York, pp181-185], and they should also extend to more
general classes of branching diffusions. Importantly, the techniques in this
paper also pave the way for the path large-deviation results for branching
diffusions found in Hardy and Harris (2006) ["A conceptual approach to a path
result for branching Brownian motion", Stochastic Processes and their
Applications, doi:10.1016/j.spa.2006.05.010].Comment: 26 page
A Comparison of Product Price Targeting and Other Monetary Anchor Options for Commodity Exporters in Latin America

Seven possible nominal variables are considered as candidates to be the anchor or target for monetary policy. The context is countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), which tend to be price takers on world markets, to produce commodity exports subject to volatile terms of trade, and to experience procyclical international finance. Three candidates are exchange rate pegs: to the dollar, euro and SDR. One candidate is orthodox Inflation Targeting. Three candidates represent proposals for a new sort of inflation targeting that differs from the usual focus on the CPI, in that prices of export commodities are given substantial weight and prices of imports are not: PEP (Peg the Export Price), PEPI (Peg an Export Price Index), and PPT (Product Price Targeting). The selling point of these production-based price indices is that each could serve as a nominal anchor while yet accommodating terms of trade shocks, in comparison to a CPI target. All seven nominal anchors deliver greater overall nominal price stability in our simulations than the inflationary historical monetary regimes actually followed by LAC countries (with the exception of Panama). A dollar peg does not particularly stabilize domestic commodity prices. As hypothesized, a product price target generally does a better job of stabilizing the real domestic prices of tradable goods than does a CPI target. CPI-targeters such as Brazil, Chile, and Peru respond to increases in world prices of imported oil with monetary policy that is sufficiently tight to appreciate their currencies, an undesirable property. A Product Price targeter or PEP country would respond to increases in world prices of its commodity exports by appreciation, a desirable property
Mapping cortical anatomy in preschool aged children with autism using surface-based morphometry☆

The challenges of gathering in-vivo measures of brain anatomy from young children have limited the number of independent studies examining neuroanatomical differences between children with autism and typically developing controls (TDCs) during early life, and almost all studies in this critical developmental window focus on global or lobar measures of brain volume. Using a novel cohort of young males with Autistic Disorder and TDCs aged 2 to 5 years, we (i) tested for group differences in traditional measures of global anatomy (total brain, total white, total gray and total cortical volume), and (ii) employed surface-based methods for cortical morphometry to directly measure the two biologically distinct sub-components of cortical volume (CV) at high spatial resolution—cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). While measures of global brain anatomy did not show statistically significant group differences, children with autism showed focal, and CT-specific anatomical disruptions compared to TDCs, consisting of relative cortical thickening in regions with central roles in behavioral regulation, and the processing of language, biological movement and social information. Our findings demonstrate the focal nature of brain involvement in early autism, and provide more spatially and morphometrically specific anatomical phenotypes for subsequent translational study
TAPAS - Tracking Advanced Planetary Systems with HARPS-N. II. Super
  Li-rich giant HD 107028

Lithium rich giant stars are rare objects. For some of them, Li enrichment
exceeds abundance of this element found in solar system meteorites, suggesting
that these stars have gone through a Li enhancement process. We identified a Li
rich giant HD 107028 with A(Li) > 3.3 in a sample of evolved stars observed
within the PennState Torun Planet Search. In this work we study different
enhancement scenarios and we try to identify the one responsible for Li
enrichment for HD 107028. We collected high resolution spectra with three
different instruments, covering different spectral ranges. We determine stellar
parameters and abundances of selected elements with both equivalent width
measurements and analysis, and spectral synthesis. We also collected multi
epoch high precision radial velocities in an attempt to detect a companion.
Collected data show that HD 107028 is a star at the base of Red Giant Branch.
Except for high Li abundance, we have not identified any other anomalies in its
chemical composition, and there is no indication of a low mass or stellar
companion. We exclude Li production at the Luminosity Function Bump on RGB, as
the effective temperature and luminosity suggest that the evolutionary state is
much earlier than RGB Bump. We also cannot confirm the Li enhancement by
contamination, as we do not observe any anomalies that are associated with this
scenario. After evaluating various scenarios of Li enhancement we conclude that
the Li-overabundance of HD 107028 originates from Main Sequence evolution, and
may be caused by diffusion process.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Leptogenesis in an SU(5) x A5 Golden Ratio Flavour Model: Addendum

We derive and discuss the solution of the Boltzmann equations for
leptogenesis in a phenomenologically viable SU(5) x A5 golden ratio flavour
model proposed in arXiv:1410.2057 [hep-ph], arXiv:1502.00110 [hep-ph] . The
model employs, in particular, the seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass generation.
We find that the results on the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, obtained
earlier in arXiv:1502.00110 [hep-ph] using approximate analytic expressions for
the relevant CP violating asymmetry and efficiency factors, are correct, as was
expected, up to 20-30 %. The phenomenological predictions for the low energy
neutrino observables, derived using values of the parameters of the model for
which we reproduce the observed value of the baryon asymmetry, change little
with respect to those presented in arXiv:1502.00110 [hep-ph]. Among the many
predictions of the model we find, for instance, that the neutrinoless double
beta decay effective Majorana mass m_ee lies between 3.3 meV and 14.3 meV.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures; version published in NP
Electrocardiographic Parameters and Fatal Arrhythmic Events in Patients With Brugada Syndrome

Objectives This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the combination of several electrocardiographic markers on risk assessment of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). 

Background Detection of high-/low-risk BrS patients using a noninvasive method is an important issue in the clinical setting. Several electrocardiographic markers related to depolarization and repolarization abnormalities have been reported, but the relationship and usefulness of these parameters in VF events are unclear. 

Methods Baseline characteristics of 246 consecutive patients (236 men; mean age, 47.6 +/- 13.6 years) with a Brugada-type electrocardiogram, including 13 patients with a history of VF and 40 patients with a history of syncope episodes, were retrospectively analyzed. During the mean follow-up period of 45.1 months, VF in 23 patients and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 1 patient were observed. Clinical/ genetic and electrocardiographic parameters were compared with VF/SCD events. 

Results On univariate analysis, a history of VF and syncope episodes, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, spontaneous type 1 pattern in the precordial leads, and electrocardiographic markers of depolarization abnormalities (QRS duration >= 120 ms, and fragmented QRS [f-QRS]) and those of repolarization abnormalities (inferolateral early repolarization [ER] pattern and QT prolongation) were associated with later cardiac events. On multivariable analysis, a history of VF and syncope episodes, inferolateral ER pattern, and f-QRS were independent predictors of documented VF and SCD (odds ratios: 19.61, 28.57, 2.87, and 5.21, respectively; p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the presence/ absence of inferolateral ER and f-QRS predicted a worse/better prognosis (log-rank test, p < 0.01). 

Conclusions The combination of depolarization and repolarization abnormalities in BrS is associated with later VF events. The combination of these abnormalities is useful for detecting high-and low-risk BrS patients
Factorization and N3LLp+NNLO predictions for the Higgs cross section with a jet veto

We have recently derived a factorization formula for the Higgs-boson production\ud
cross section in the presence of a jet veto, which allows for a systematic resummation of large Sudakov logarithms of the form αn s lnm(pveto\ud
T /mH), along with the large virtual corrections known to affect also the total cross section. Here we determine the ingredients entering this formula at two-loop accuracy. Specifically, we compute the dependence on the jet-radius parameter R, which is encoded in the two-loop coefficient of the collinear\ud
anomaly, by means of a direct, fully analytic calculation in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory. We confirm the result obtained by Banfi et al. from a related calculation in QCD, and demonstrate that factorization-breaking, soft-collinear mixing effects do not arise at leading power in pveto\ud
T /mH, even for R = O(1). In addition, we extract the two-loop collinear beam functions numerically. We present detailed numerical predictions\ud
for the jet-veto cross section with partial next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, matched to the next-to-next-to-leading order cross section in fixed-order perturbation theory. The only missing ingredients at this level of accuracy are the three-loop anomaly coefficient and the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension, whose numerical effects\ud
we estimate to be small
Soft gluon resummation in the signal-background interference process of gg(→ h ∗) → ZZ

We present a precise theoretical prediction for the signal-background interference process of gg(→ h ∗) → ZZ, which is useful to constrain the Higgs boson decay width and to measure Higgs couplings to the SM particles. The approximate NNLO K-factor is in the range of 2.05 − 2.45 (1.85 − 2.25), depending on M ZZ , at the 8 (13) TeV LHC. And the soft gluon resummation can increase the approximate NNLO result by about 10% at both the 8 TeV and 13 TeV LHC. The theoretical uncertainties including the scale, uncalculated multi-loop amplitudes of the background and PDF+αs are roughly O(10%) at NNLL′. We also confirm that the approximate K-factors in the interference and the pure signal processes are the same
Polarized location of SLC and ABC drug transporters in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes

Human hepatocytes cultured in a monolayer configuration represent a well-established in vitro model in liver toxicology, notably used in drug transporter studies. Polarized status of drug transporters, i.e., their coordinated location at sinusoidal or canalicular membranes, remains however incompletely documented in these cultured hepatocytes. The present study was therefore designed to analyze transporter expression and location in such cells. Most of drug transporters were first shown to be present at notable mRNA levels in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Cultured human hepatocytes, which morphologically exhibited bile canaliculi-like structures, were next demonstrated, through immunofluorescence staining, to express the influx transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP2B1 and organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and the efflux transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 3 at their sinusoidal pole. In addition, the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and MRP2 were detected at the canalicular pole of monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes. Moreover, canalicular secretion of reference substrates for the efflux transporters bile salt export pump, MRP2 and P-glycoprotein as well as sinusoidal drug transporter activities were observed. This polarized and functional expression of drug transporters in monolayer-cultured human hepatocytes highlights the interest of using this human in vitro cell model in xenobiotic transport studies
Antisymmetric tensor Z p gauge symmetries in field theory and string theory

We consider discrete gauge symmetries in D dimensions arising as remnants of broken continuous gauge symmetries carried by general antisymmetric tensor fields, rather than by standard 1-forms. The lagrangian for such a general Z p gauge theory can be described in terms of a r -form gauge field made massive by a ( r  − 1)-form, or other dual realizations, that we also discuss. The theory contains charged topological defects of different dimensionalities, generalizing the familiar charged particles and strings in D  = 4. We describe realizations in string theory compactifications with torsion cycles, or with background field strength fluxes. We also provide examples of non-abelian discrete groups, for which the group elements are associated with charged objects of different dimensionality
Probing f(R) cosmology with sterile neutrinos via measurements of scale-dependent growth rate of structure

In this paper, we constrain the dimensionless Compton wavelength parameter B0 of f(R) gravity as well as the mass of sterile neutrino by using the cosmic microwave background observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation surveys, and the linear growth rate measurements. Since both the f(R) model and the sterile neutrino generally predict scale-dependent growth rates, we utilize the growth rate data measured in different wavenumber bins with the theoretical growth rate approximatively scale-independent in each bin. The employed growth rate data come from the peculiar velocity measurements at z=0 in five wavenumber bins, and the redshift space distortions measurements at z=0.25 and z=0.37 in one wavenumber bin. By constraining the f(R) model alone, we get a tight 95% upper limit of log10⁡B0<−4.1 . This result is slightly weakened to log10⁡B0<−3.8 (at 2 σ level) once we simultaneously constrain the f(R) model and the sterile neutrino mass, due to the degeneracy between the parameters of the two. For the massive sterile neutrino parameters, we get the effective sterile neutrino mass mν,sterileeff<0.62 eV (2 σ ) and the effective number of relativistic species Neff<3.90 (2 σ ) in the f(R) model. As a comparison, we also obtain mν,sterileeff<0.56 eV (2 σ ) and Neff<3.92 (2 σ ) in the standard ΛCDM model
Definition of Systematic, Approximately Separable, and Modular Internal Coordinates (SASMIC) for macromolecular simulation

This is a preprint version of a published work at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcc.20424/abstractA set of rules is defined to systematically number the groups and the atoms of polypeptides in a modular manner. Supported by this numeration, a set of internal coordinates is defined. These coordinates (termed Systematic, Approximately Separable, and Modular Internal Coordinates—SASMIC) are straightforwardly written in Z-matrix form and may be directly implemented in typical Quantum Chemistry packages. A number of Perl scripts that automatically generate the Z-matrix files are provided as supplementary material. The main difference with most Z-matrix-like coordinates normally used in the literature is that normal dihedral angles (“principal dihedrals” in this work) are only used to fix the orientation of whole groups and a different type of dihedrals, termed “phase dihedrals,” are used to describe the covalent structure inside the groups. This physical approach allows to approximately separate soft and hard movements of the molecule using only topological information and to directly implement constraints. As an application, we use the coordinates defined and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations to assess the commonly assumed approximation of the free energy, obtained from “integrating out” the side chain degree of freedom, by the Potential Energy Surface (PES) in the protected dipeptide HCO-L-Ala-NH2. We also present a subbox of the Hessian matrix in two different sets of coordinates to illustrate the approximate separation of soft and hard movements when the coordinates defined in this work are used.This work has been supported by the Arag ón Government "Biocomputaci on y F í sica de Sistemas Complejos" group) and by the research grants MEC (Spain) FIS2004-05073 and MCYT (Spain) BFM2003-08532. P. Echenique was supported by a MEC (Spain) FPU grant
Extraction of human DNA replication timing patterns from discrete microarray data

Effective reproduction is essential for the survival and proliferation of any organism, from the birth of new offspring to the repro- duction of individual cells. Each portion of a cell’s DNA must be copied exactly once during the replication phase of its cell cycle to ensure viability. In humans, this is achieved by a complex pattern of replication origins and terminations along the chromosomes until the final product is realized. DNA Tiling Microarrays are utilized to assay discrete pools of DNA replicated during different parts of the replication phase. We present a generalized framework for analyzing this discrete timing data to recover a relatively continuous profile of the DNA replication timing. This approach can be used to assay DNA replication timing over a variety of human cell lines or extended to other organisms.PRIB 2008 proceedings found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88436-
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture.

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility
Counting statistics for genetic switches based on effective interaction approximation.

Applicability of counting statistics for a system with an infinite number of states is investigated. The counting statistics has been studied a lot for a system with a finite number of states. While it is possible to use the scheme in order to count specific transitions in a system with an infinite number of states in principle, we have non-closed equations in general. A simple genetic switch can be described by a master equation with an infinite number of states, and we use the counting statistics in order to count the number of transitions from inactive to active states in the gene. To avoid having the non-closed equations, an effective interaction approximation is employed. As a result, it is shown that the switching problem can be treated as a simple two-state model approximately, which immediately indicates that the switching obeys non-Poisson statistics