pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Isothermal annealing of a 620 nm optical absorption band in Brazilian topaz crystals

Isothermal decay behaviors, observed at 515, 523, 562, and 693 K, for an optical absorption band at 620 nm in gamma-irradiated Brazilian blue topaz were analyzed using a kinetic model consisting of O- bound small polarons adjacent to recombination centers (electron traps). the kinetic equations obtained on the basis of this model were solved using the method of Runge-Kutta and the fit parameters describing these defects were determined with a grid optimization method. Two activation energies of 0.52 +/- 0.08 and 0.88 +/- 0.13 eV, corresponding to two different structural configurations of the O- polarons, explained well the isothermal decay curves using first-order kinetics expected from the kinetic model. On the other hand, thermoluminescence (TL) emission spectra measured at various temperatures showed a single band at 400 nm in the temperature range of 373-553 K in which the 620 nm optical absorption band decreased in intensity. Monochromatic TL glow curve data at 400 nm extracted from the TL emission spectra observed were found to be explained reasonably by using the knowledge obtained from the isothermal decay analysis. This suggests that two different structural configurations of O- polarons are responsible for the 620 nm optical absorption band and that the thermal annealing of the polarons causes the 400 nm TL emission band. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Secretaria de Ciencia e Tecnologia (RHAE)Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)Univ São Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Tunable trimers:using temperature and pressure to control luminescent emission in gold(i) pyrazolate-based trimers

A systematic investigation into the relationship between the solid-state luminescence and the intermolecular AuAu interactions in a series of pyrazolate-based gold(I) trimers; tris(μ2-pyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (1), tris(μ2-3,4,5- trimethylpyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (2), tris(μ2-3-methyl-5- phenylpyrazolato-N,N')-tri-gold(I) (3) and tris(μ2-3,5-diphenylpyrazolato- N,N')-tri-gold(I) (4) has been carried out using variable temperature and high pressure X-ray crystallography, solid-state emission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and computational techniques. Single-crystal X-ray studies show that there is a significant reduction in the intertrimer AuAu distances both with decreasing temperature and increasing pressure. In the four complexes, the reduction in temperature from 293 to 100 K is accompanied by a reduction in the shortest intermolecular AuAu contacts of between 0.04 and 0.08 The solid-state luminescent emission spectra of 1 and 2 display a red shift with decreasing temperature or increasing pressure. Compound 3 does not emit under ambient conditions but displays increasingly red-shifted luminescence upon cooling or compression. Compound 4 remains emissionless, consistent with the absence of intermolecular AuAu interactions. The largest pressure induced shift in emission is observed in 2 with a red shift of approximately 630 cm-1 per GPa between ambient and 3.80 GPa. The shifts in all the complexes can be correlated with changes in AuAu distance observed by diffraction
Design strategies for self-assembly of discrete targets.

Both biological and artificial self-assembly processes can take place by a range of different schemes, from the successive addition of identical building blocks to hierarchical sequences of intermediates, all the way to the fully addressable limit in which each component is unique. In this paper, we introduce an idealized model of cubic particles with patterned faces that allows self-assembly strategies to be compared and tested. We consider a simple octameric target, starting with the minimal requirements for successful self-assembly and comparing the benefits and limitations of more sophisticated hierarchical and addressable schemes. Simulations are performed using a hybrid dynamical Monte Carlo protocol that allows self-assembling clusters to rearrange internally while still providing Stokes-Einstein-like diffusion of aggregates of different sizes. Our simulations explicitly capture the thermodynamic, dynamic, and steric challenges typically faced by self-assembly processes, including competition between multiple partially completed structures. Self-assembly pathways are extracted from the simulation trajectories by a fully extendable scheme for identifying structural fragments, which are then assembled into history diagrams for successfully completed target structures. For the simple target, a one-component assembly scheme is most efficient and robust overall, but hierarchical and addressable strategies can have an advantage under some conditions if high yield is a priority
Conformal invariance in the long-range Ising model.

We consider the question of conformal invariance of the long-range Ising model at the critical point. The continuum description is given in terms of a nonlocal field theory, and the absence of a stress tensor invalidates all of the standard arguments for the enhancement of scale invariance to conformal invariance. We however show that several correlation functions, computed to second order in the epsilon expansion, are nontrivially consistent with conformal invariance. We proceed to give a proof of conformal invariance to all orders in the epsilon expansion, based on the description of the long-range Ising model as a defect theory in an auxiliary higher-dimensional space. A detailed review of conformal invariance in the d-dimensional short-range Ising model is also included and may be of independent interest
Evolutionary trade-off between vocal tract and testes dimensions in howler monkeys

Males often face a trade-off between investments in precopulatory and postcopulatory traits [1], particularly when male-male contest competition determines access to mates [2]. To date, studies of precopulatory strategies have largely focused on visual ornaments (e.g., coloration) or weapon morphology (e.g., antlers, horns, and canines). However, vocalizations can also play an important role in both male competition and female choice [3, 4 and 5]. We investigated variation in vocal tract dimensions among male howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), which produce loud roars using a highly specialized and greatly enlarged hyoid bone and larynx [ 6]. We examined the relative male investment in hyoids and testes among howler monkey species in relation to the level of male-male competition and analyzed the acoustic consequences of variation in hyoid morphology. Species characterized by single-male groups have large hyoids and small testes, suggesting high levels of vocally mediated competition. Larger hyoids lower formant frequencies, probably increasing the acoustic impression of male body size and playing a role analogous to investment in large body size or weaponry. Across species, as the number of males per group increases, testes volume also increases, indicating higher levels of postcopulatory sperm competition, while hyoid volume decreases. These results provide the first evidence of an evolutionary trade-off between investment in precopulatory vocal characteristics and postcopulatory sperm production
Properties of nuclear matter from macroscopic-microscopic mass formulas

Based on the standard Skyrme energy density functionals together with the
extended Thomas-Fermi approach, the properties of symmetric and asymmetric
nuclear matter represented in two macroscopic-microscopic mass formulas:
Lublin-Strasbourg nuclear drop energy (LSD) formula and Weizs\"acker-Skyrme
(WS*) formula, are extracted through matching the energy per particle of finite
nuclei. For LSD and WS*, the obtained incompressibility coefficients of
symmetric nuclear matter are $K_\infty=230 \pm 11$ MeV and $235\pm 11$ MeV,
respectively. The slope parameter of symmetry energy at saturation density is
$L=41.6\pm 7.6$ MeV for LSD and $51.5\pm 9.6$ MeV for WS*, respectively, which
is compatible with the liquid-drop analysis of Lattimer and Lim [ApJ.
\textbf{771}, 51 (2013)]. The density dependence of the mean-field isoscalar
and isovector effective mass, and the neutron-proton effective masses splitting
for neutron matter are simultaneously investigated. The results are generally
consistent with those from the Skyrme Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations and
nucleon optical potentials, and the standard deviations are large and increase
rapidly with density. A better constraint for the effective mass is helpful to
reduce uncertainties of the depth of the mean-field potential.Comment: 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Renormalizable Model for Neutrino Mass, Dark Matter, Muon $g-2$ and 750
  GeV Diphoton Excess

We discuss a possibility to explain the 750 GeV diphoton excess observed at
the LHC in a three-loop neutrino mass model which has a similar structure to
the model by Krauss, Nasri and Trodden. Tiny neutrino masses are naturally
generated by the loop effect of new particles with their couplings and masses
to be of order 0.1-1 and TeV, respectively. The lightest right-handed neutrino,
which runs in the three-loop diagram, can be a dark matter candidate. In
addition, the deviation in the measured value of the muon anomalous magnetic
moment from its prediction in the standard model can be compensated by one-loop
diagrams with exotic multi-charged leptons and scalar bosons. For the diphoton
event, an additional isospin singlet real scalar field plays the role to
explain the excess by taking its mass of 750 GeV, where it is produced from the
gluon fusion production via the mixing with the standard model like Higgs
boson. We find that the cross section of the diphoton process can be obtained
to be a few fb level by taking the masses of new charged particles to be about
375 GeV and related coupling constants to be order 1.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Search for neutral resonances decaying into a Z boson and a pair of b
  jets or tau leptons

A search is performed for a new resonance decaying into a lighter resonance
and a Z boson. Two channels are studied, targeting the decay of the lighter
resonance into either a pair of oppositely charged tau leptons or a b b-bar
pair. The Z boson is identified via its decays to electrons or muons. The
search exploits data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy
of 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 inverse femtobarns.
No significant deviations are observed from the standard model expectation and
limits are set on production cross sections and parameters of two-Higgs-doublet
models.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added the journal reference and DOI.
  All figures and tables can be found at
  http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/HIG-15-001/index.htm
Measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ using $B^0 \rightarrow D K^{*0}$
  with $D \rightarrow K^0_S \pi^+ \pi^-$ decays

A model-dependent amplitude analysis of the decay $B^0\rightarrow
D(K^0_S\pi^+\pi^-) K^{*0}$ is performed using proton-proton collision data
corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb$^{-1}$, recorded at
$\sqrt{s}=7$ and $8 TeV$ by the LHCb experiment. The CP violation observables
$x_{\pm}$ and $y_{\pm}$, sensitive to the CKM angle $\gamma$, are measured to
be \begin{eqnarray*} x_- &=& -0.15 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.03 \pm 0.01, y_- &=& 0.25 \pm
0.15 \pm 0.06 \pm 0.01, x_+ &=& 0.05 \pm 0.24 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.01, y_+ &=&
-0.65^{+0.24}_{-0.23} \pm 0.08 \pm 0.01, \end{eqnarray*} where the first
uncertainties are statistical, the second systematic and the third arise from
the uncertainty on the $D\rightarrow K^0_S \pi^+\pi^-$ amplitude model. These
are the most precise measurements of these observables. They correspond to
$\gamma=(80^{+21}_{-22})^{\circ}$ and $r_{B^0}=0.39\pm0.13$, where $r_{B^0}$ is
the magnitude of the ratio of the suppressed and favoured $B^0\rightarrow D K^+
\pi^-$ decay amplitudes, in a $K\pi$ mass region of $\pm50 MeV$ around the
$K^*(892)^0$ mass and for an absolute value of the cosine of the $K^{*0}$ decay
angle larger than $0.4$.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
  additional information, are available at
  https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-007.htm
Detailed study of SNR G306.3-0.9 using XMM-Newton and Chandra
  observations

We used combined data from XMM-Newton and Chandra observatories to study the
X-ray morphology of SNR G306.3-0.9. A spatially-resolved spectral analysis was
used to obtain physical and geometrical parameters of different regions of the
remnant. Spitzer infrared observations were also used to constrain the
progenitor supernova and study the environment in which the SNR evolved. The
X-ray morphology of the remnant displays a non-uniform structure of
semi-circular appearance, with a bright southwest region and very weak or
almost negligible X-ray emission in its northern part. These results indicate
that the remnant is propagating in a non-uniform environment as the shock
fronts are encountering a high-density medium, where enhanced infrared emission
is detected. The X-ray spectral analysis of the selected regions shows distinct
emission-line features of several metal elements, confirming the thermal origin
of the emission. The X-ray spectra are well represented by a combination of two
absorbed thermal plasma models: one in equilibrium ionization with a mean
temperature of ~0.19 keV, and another out of equilibrium ionization at a higher
temperature of ~1.1 or 1.6-1.9 keV. For regions located in the northeast,
central, and southwest part of the SNR, we found elevated abundances of Si, S,
Ar, Ca, and Fe, typical of ejecta material. The outer regions located northwest
and south show values of the abundances above solar but lower than to those
found in the central regions. This suggests that the composition of the
emitting outer parts of the SNR is a combination of ejecta and shocked material
of the interstellar medium. The comparison between the S/Si, Ar/Si, and Ca/Si
abundances ratios (1.75, 1.27, and 2.72 in the central region, respectively),
favor a Type Ia progenitor for this SNR, a result that is also supported by an
independent morphological analysis using X-ray and IR data.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic
Rotation misorientated graphene moire superlattices on Cu(111) : classical molecular dynamics simulations and scanning tunneling microscopy studies

Graphene on copper is a system of high technological relevance, as Cu is one of the most widely\ud
used substrates for the CVD growth of graphene. However, very little is known about the details\ud
of their interaction. One approach to gain such information is studying the superlattices emerging\ud
due to the mismatch of the two crystal lattices. However, graphene on copper is a low-corrugated\ud
system making both their experimental and theoretical study highly challenging. Here, we report\ud
the observation of a new rotational moiré superlattice of CVD graphene on Cu(111), characterized\ud
by a periodicity of (1:5 + 0:05) nm and corrugation of (0:15 + 0:05) A , as measured by Scanning\ud
Tunneling Microscopy (STM). To understand the observed superlattice we have developed a newly\ud
parameterized Abell-Tersoff potential for the graphene/Cu(111) interface fitted to nonlocal van der\ud
Waals density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The interfacial force feld with time-lapsed\ud
classical molecular dynamics (CMD) provides superlattices in good quantitative agreement with\ud
the experimental results, for a misorientation angle of (10:4 + 0:5), without any further parameter\ud
adjustment. Furthermore, the CMD simulations predict the existence of two non-equivalent\ud
high-symmetry directions of the moiré pattern that could also be identifed in the experimental\ud
STM images
Beyond coherence : recovering structured time-frequency representations

International audienceWe consider the problem of recovering a structured sparse representation of a signal in an overcomplete time-frequency dictionary with a particular structure. For infinite dictionaries that are the union of a nice wavelet basis and a Wilson basis, sufficient conditions are given for the Basis Pursuit and (Orthogonal) Matching Pursuit algorithms to recover a structured representation of an admissible signal. The sufficient conditions take into account the structure of the wavelet/Wilson dictionary and allow very large (even infinite) support sets to be recovered even though the dictionary is highly coherent
Multi-strange baryon production in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV
  with ALICE

A measurement of the multi-strange $\Xi^-$ and $\Omega^-$ baryons and their
antiparticles by the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
is presented for inelastic proton-proton collisions at centre of mass energy of
7 TeV. The transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions were studied at
mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) in the range of 0.6 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 8.5 GeV/$c$ for
$\Xi^-$ and $\Xi^+$ baryons, and in the range of 0.8 < $p_{\rm T}$ < 5 GeV/$c$
for $\Omega^-$ and $\Omega^+$. Baryons and antibaryons were measured as
separate particles and we find that the baryon to antibaryon ratio of both
particle species is consistent with unity over the entire range of the
measurement. The statistical precision of the current LHC data has allowed us
to measure a difference between the mean $p_{\rm T}$ of $\Xi^-$ ($\Xi^+$) and
$\Omega^-$ ($\Omega^+$). Particle yields, mean $p_{\rm T}$, and the spectra in
the intermediate $p_{\rm T}$ range are not well described by the PYTHIA Perugia
2011 tune Monte Carlo event generator, which has been tuned to reproduce the
early LHC data. The discrepancy is largest for $\Omega^-$ ($\Omega^+$). This
PYTHIA tune approaches the $p_{\rm T}$ spectra of $\Xi^-$ and $\Xi^+$ baryons
below $p_{\rm T}$ < 0.85 GeV/$c$ and describes the $\Xi^-$ and $\Xi^+$ spectra
above $p_{\rm T}$ > 6.0 GeV/$c$. We also illustrate the difference between the
experimental data and model by comparing the corresponding ratios of
($\Omega^{-}+\Omega^+)/(\Xi^-+\Xi^+)$ as a function of transverse mass.Comment: 15 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 10,
  published version, figures at
  http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/310
Possible link between the power spectrum of interstellar filaments and the origin of the prestellar core mass function

International audienceA complete understanding of the origin of the prestellar core mass function (CMF) is crucial. Two major features of the prestellar CMF are 1) a broad peak below 1 M⊙, presumably corresponding to a mean gravitational fragmentation scale, and 2) a characteristic power-law slope, very similar to the Salpeter slope of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) at the high-mass end. While recent Herschel observations have shown that the peak of the prestellar CMF is close to the thermal Jeans mass in marginally supercritical filaments, the origin of the power-law tail of the CMF/IMF at the high-mass end is less clear. In 2001, Inutsuka proposed a theoretical scenario in which the origin of the power-law tail can be understood as resulting from the growth of an initial spectrum of density perturbations seeded along the long axis of star-forming filaments by interstellar turbulence. Here, we report the statistical properties of the line-mass fluctuations of filaments in the Pipe, Taurus, and IC 5146 molecular clouds observed with Herschel for a sample of subcritical or marginally supercritical filaments using a 1D power spectrum analysis. The observed filament power spectra were fitted by a power-law function (Ptrue(s) ∝ sα) after removing the effect of beam convolution at small scales. A Gaussian-like distribution of power-spectrum slopes was found, centered at α̅corr = -1.6 ± 0.3. The characteristic index of the observed power spectra is close to that of the 1D velocity power spectrum generated by subsonic Kolomogorov turbulence (-1.67). Given the errors, the measured power-spectrum slope is also marginally consistent with the power spectrum index of -2 expected for supersonic compressible turbulence. With such a power spectrum of initial line-mass fluctuations, Inutsuka's model would yield a mass function of collapsed objects along filaments approaching dN/dM ∝ M- 2.3 ± 0.1 at the high-mass end (very close to the Salpeter power law) after a few free-fall times. An empirical correlation, P0.5(s0) ∝ ⟨NH2⟩1.4 ± 0.1, was also found between the amplitude of each filament power spectrum P(s0) and the mean column density along the filament ⟨NH2⟩. Finally, the dispersion of line-mass fluctuations along each filament σMline was found to scale with the physical length L of the filament roughly as σMline ∝ L0.7. Overall, our results are consistent with the suggestion that the bulk of the CMF/IMF results from the gravitational fragmentation of filaments.Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.or
Planck intermediate results

International audienceUsing precise full-sky observations from Planck, and applying several methods of component separation, we identify and characterise the emission from the Galactic “haze” at microwave wavelengths. The haze is a distinct component of diffuse Galactic emission, roughly centered on the Galactic centre, and extends to | b |  ~ 35−50° in Galactic latitude and | l |  ~ 15−20° in longitude. By combining the Planck data with observations from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, we were able to determine the spectrum of this emission to high accuracy, unhindered by the strong systematic biases present in previous analyses. The derived spectrum is consistent with power-law emission with a spectral index of −2.56 ± 0.05, thus excluding free-free emission as the source and instead favouring hard-spectrum synchrotron radiation from an electron population with a spectrum (number density per energy) dN/dE ∝ E-2.1. At Galactic latitudes | b |  < 30°, the microwave haze morphology is consistent with that of the Fermi gamma-ray “haze” or “bubbles”, while at b ~  −50° we have identified an edge in the microwave haze that is spatially coincident with the edge in the gamma-ray bubbles. Taken together, this indicates that we have a multi-wavelength view of a distinct component of our Galaxy. Given both the very hard spectrum and the extended nature of the emission, it is highly unlikely that the haze electrons result from supernova shocks in the Galactic disk. Instead, a new astrophysical mechanism for cosmic-ray acceleration in the inner Galaxy is implied
Clifford theory for Mackey algabras

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We develop a Clifford theory for Mackey algebras. For simple Mackey functors, using their classification we prove Mackey algebra versions of Clifford's theorem and the Clifford correspondence. Let μR (G) be the Mackey algebra of a finite group G over a commutative unital ring R, and let 1N be the unity of μR (N) where N is a normal subgroup of G. Observing that 1N μR (G) 1N is a crossed product of G / N over μR (N), a number of results concerning group graded algebras are extended to the context of Mackey algebras, including Fong's theorem, Green's indecomposibility theorem and some reduction and extension techniques for indecomposable Mackey functors. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved