pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
The Binary Companion of Young, Relativistic Pulsar J1906+0746

International audiencePSR J1906+0746 is a young pulsar in the relativistic binary with the second-shortest known orbital period, of 3.98 hours. We here present a timing study based on five years of observations, conducted with the 5 largest radio telescopes in the world, aimed at determining the companion nature. Through the measurement of three post-Keplerian orbital parameters we find the pulsar mass to be 1.291(11) M_sol, and the companion mass 1.322(11) M_sol respectively. These masses fit well in the observed collection of double neutron stars, but are also compatible with other white dwarfs around young pulsars such as J1906+0746. Neither radio pulsations nor dispersion-inducing outflows that could have further established the companion nature were detected. We derive an HI-absorption distance, which indicates that an optical confirmation of a white dwarf companion is very challenging. The pulsar is fading fast due to geodetic precession, limiting future timing improvements. We conclude that young pulsar J1906+0746 is likely part of a double neutron star, or is otherwise orbited by an older white dwarf, in an exotic system formed through two stages of mass transfer
Thickness dependence of the superconducting critical temperature in heavily doped Si:B epilayers

International audienceWe report on the superconducting properties of a series of heavily doped Si:B epilayers grown by gas immersion laser doping with boron content (nB) ranging from ∼3 × 1020 cm−3 to ∼6 × 1021cm−3 and thickness (d) varying between ∼20 nm and ∼210 nm. We show that superconductivity is only observed for nB values exceeding a threshold value (nc,S ) which scales as nc,S ∝ 1/d. The critical temperature (Tc) then rapidly increases with nB, largely exceeding the theoretical values which can be estimated by introducing the electron-phonon coupling constant (λe-ph) deduced from ab initio calculations into the McMillan equation. Surprisingly Tc(nB,d) is fully determined by the boron dose (nB × d) and can be well approximated by a simple Tc(nB,d) ≈ Tc,0[1 − A/(nB.d)] law, with Tc,0 ∼ 750 mK and A ∼ 8(±1) × 1015 cm−2
Direct Simulation Monte Carlo modelling of the major species in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

International audienceWe analyze the ROSINA-DFMS data between August 2014 and February 2016 to examine the effect of seasonal variations on the four major species within the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (H<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and O<sub>2</sub>), resulting from the tilt in the orientation of the comet's spin axis. Using a numerical data inversion, we derive the nonuniform activity distribution at the surface of the nucleus for these species, suggesting that the activity distribution at the surface of the nucleus has not significantly changed and that the differences observed in the coma are solely due to the variations in illumination conditions. A 3D DSMC model is applied where the boundary conditions are computed with a coupling of the surface activity distributions and the local illumination. The model is able to reproduce the evolution of the densities observed by ROSINA including the changes happening at equinox. While O<sub>2</sub> stays correlated with H<sub>2</sub>O as it was before equinox, CO<sub>2</sub> and CO, which had a poor correlation with respect to H<sub>2</sub>O pre-equinox, also became well correlated with H<sub>2</sub>O post-equinox. The integration of the densities from the model along the line of sight results in column densities directly comparable to the VIRTIS-H observations. Also, the evolution of the volatiles’ production rates is derived from the coma model showing a steepening in the production rate curves after equinox. The model/data comparison suggests that the seasonal effects result in the northern hemisphere of 67P's nucleus being more processed with a layered structure while the southern hemisphere constantly exposes new material
Approche variationnelle de l'endommagement : I. Les concepts fondamentaux

International audienceThis Note is devoted to the construction of local brittle damage laws. We ﬁrst justify by the Drucker–Ilyushin postulate to set their formulation within the framework of Generalized Standard Materials. Accordingly, the strain work becomes a state function whose convexity properties are directly related to the hardening or softening properties of the material. Moreover, the evolution problem can be read as a variational problem which is reinforced so that it ﬁnally contains the concepts of stability and of energy conservation
Chemical characterization and bioactive properties of Prunus avium L.: The widely studied fruits and the unexplored stems

The aim of this study was to characterize sweet cherry regarding nutritional
composition of the fruits, and individual phytochemicals and bioactive properties of
fruits and stems. The chromatographic profiles in sugars, organic acids, fatty acids,
tocopherols and phenolic compounds were established. All the preparations (extracts,
infusions and decoctions) obtained using stems revealed higher antioxidant potential
than the fruits extract, which is certainly related with its higher phenolic compounds
(phenolic acids and flavonoids) concentration. The fruits extract was the only one
showing antitumor potential, revealing selectivity against HCT-15 (colon carcinoma)
(GI50~74 μg/mL). This could be related with anthocyanins that were only found in fruits
and not in stems. None of the preparations have shown hepatotoxicity against normal
primary cells. Overall, this study reports innovative results regarding chemical and
bioactive properties of sweet cherry stems, and confirmed the nutritional and
antioxidant characteristics of their fruits.The authors are grateful to Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for 
financial support to the research centre CIMO (strategic project PEst
OE/AGR/UI0690/2011) and L. Barros researcher contract under “Programa 
Compromisso com Ciência – 2008”
Inclusive and pion production neutrino-nucleus cross sections

We analyze the experimental data on the inclusive double-differential cross section by neutrinos charged current, measured by T2K, with the same model which was successful for the MiniBooNE quasielastic cross sections. As in our previous analysis the multinucleon component is needed in order to reproduce the data. For the total cross section, our evaluation is smaller than the SciBooNE data above 1 GeV. This indicates the opening of a new channel not included in our evaluation, presumably the two-pion-emission channel. We also check that our description holds for the exclusive single-pion-production channel by confronting our evaluation with the MiniBooNE double-differential cross section for a single charged pion and the Q(2) distribution. Both are compatible with the data
Preferred semantics as Socratic discussion

Funding For M.C., the major part of the work on this article was carried out while he was affiliated with the Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust at the University of Luxembourg. His research was supported by the National Research Fund, Luxembourg (LAAMI project), as well as by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK), grant ref. EP/J012084/1 (SAsSY project). For S.V., the major part of the work on this article was carried out while he was affiliated with the Computer Science and Communication Research Unit at the University of Luxembourg. He worked on this article during the tenure of an ERCIM Alain Bensoussan Fellowship Programme, which is supported by the Marie Curie Co-funding of Regional, National and International Programmes (COFUND) of the European Commission. During this time, he was also funded by the National Research Fund, Luxembourg. When finishing the work on this article, he was a CRNS researcher affiliated with CRILPeer reviewedPostprin
Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Is Caused by Mutations in C1R and C1S, which Encode Subcomponents C1r and C1s of Complement

Periodontal Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (pEDS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by early-onset periodontitis leading to premature loss of teeth, joint hypermobility, and mild skin findings. A locus was mapped to an approximately 5.8 Mb region at 12p13.1 but no candidate gene was identified. In an international consortium we recruited 19 independent families comprising 107 individuals with pEDS to identify the locus, characterize the clinical details in those with defined genetic causes, and try to understand the physiological basis of the condition. In 17 of these families, we identified heterozygous missense or in-frame insertion/deletion mutations in C1R (15 families) or C1S (2 families), contiguous genes in the mapped locus that encode subunits C1r and C1s of the first component of the classical complement pathway. These two proteins form a heterotetramer that then combines with six C1q subunits. Pathogenic variants involve the subunit interfaces or inter-domain hinges of C1r and C1s and are associated with intracellular retention and mild endoplasmic reticulum enlargement. Clinical features of affected individuals in these families include rapidly progressing periodontitis with onset in the teens or childhood, a previously unrecognized lack of attached gingiva, pretibial hyperpigmentation, skin and vascular fragility, easy bruising, and variable musculoskeletal symptoms. Our findings open a connection between the inflammatory classical complement pathway and connective tissue homeostasis
Constitutive modeling of the anisotropic behavior of Mullins softened ﬁlled rubbers

Original constitutive modeling is proposed for ﬁlled rubber materials in order to capture the anisotropic softened behavior induced by general non-proportional pre-loading histo-ries. The hyperelastic framework is grounded on a thorough analysis of cyclic experimental data. The strain energy density is based on a directional approach. The model leans on the strain ampliﬁcation factor concept applied over material directions according to the Mul-lins softening evolution. In order to provide a model versatile that applies for a wide range of materials, the proposed framework does not require to postulate the mathematical forms of the elementary directional strain energy density and of the Mullins softening evo-lution rule. A computational procedure is deﬁned to build both functions incrementally from experimental data obtained during cyclic uniaxial tensile tests. Successful compari-sons between the model and the experiments demonstrate the model abilities. Moreover, the model is shown to accurately predict the non-proportional uniaxial stress-stretch responses for uniaxially and biaxially pre-stretched samples. Finally, the model is efﬁ-ciently tested on several materials and proves to provide a quantitative estimate of the anisotropy induced by the Mullins softening for a wide range of ﬁlled rubbers
Third-order optical nonlinearity originating from room-temperature exciton in layered compounds LaCuOS and LaCuOSe

We have studied the third-order optical nonlinearity ((3)) of epitaxial thin films of layered compounds LaCuOS and LaCuOSe at room temperature by a spectrally resolved degenerative four-wave mixing technique with femtosecond time resolution. The (3) values in both films are sharply resonant to optical absorption bands in the ultraviolet (UV) light region due to room-temperature exciton. The peak values are evaluated to be as large as 2–4×10–9 esu with a fast time response of 250–300 fs. These findings indicate that LaCuOS and LaCuOSe are promising materials for emerging optical nonlinear devices that operate in the UV light region compatible for GaN-based lasers
Worst-case portfolio optimization with proportional transaction costs

We study optimal asset allocation in a crash-threatened financial market with proportional transaction costs. The market is assumed to be in either a normal state, in which the risky asset follows a geometric Brownian motion, or in a crash state, in which the price of the risky asset can suddenly drop by a certain relative amount. We only assume the maximum number and the maximum relative size of the crashes to be given and do not make any assumptions about their distributions. For every investment strategy, we identify the worst-case scenario in the sense that the expected utility of terminal wealth is minimized. The objective is then to determine the investment strategy which yields the highest expected utility in its worst-case scenario. \ud
\ud
We solve the problem for utility functions with constant relative risk aversion using a stochastic control approach. We characterize the value function as the unique viscosity solution of a second-order nonlinear partial differential equation. The optimal strategies are characterized by time-dependent free boundaries which we compute numerically. The numerical examples suggest that it is not optimal to invest any wealth in the risky asset close to the investment horizon, while a long position in the risky asset is optimal if the remaining investment period is sufficiently large
Efficiency at Rest: Magnetoencephalographic Resting-State Connectivity and Individual Differences in Verbal Working Memory

Inter-individual differences in cognitive performance are based on an efficient use of task-related brain resources. However, little is known yet on how these differences might be reflected on resting-state brain networks. Here we used Magnetoencephalography resting-state recordings to assess the relationship between a behavioral measurement of verbal working memory and functional connectivity as measured through Mutual Information. We studied theta (4?8 Hz), low alpha (8?10 Hz), high alpha (10?13 Hz), low beta (13?18 Hz) and high beta (18?30 Hz) frequency bands. A higher verbal working memory capacity was associated with a lower mutual information in the low alpha band, prominently among right-anterior and left-lateral sensors. The results suggest that an efficient brain organization in the domain of verbal working memory might be related to a lower resting-state functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks possibly involving right prefrontal and left perisylvian areas
Emission factors of biodiesel combustion in industrial\ud
boiler: A comparison to fossil fuel

Boiler is one of industrial facilities, which has energy intensive in producing steam or hot water, through fuel combustion. The large use of industrial boilers contributes to large emission. Emission factor is one of the most common methods to quantify emissions from combustion appliances such as boilers. As the biodiesel is an alternative fuel that has great potential to reduce emissions, it can be\ud
potentially used as boiler fuel. In this study, biodiesel combustion emission factor is determined through fuel analysis and direct measurements (stack sampling). A series of test was performed on a fire tube boiler, in which pressure of 3 bar, using palm biodiesel and its blend with petrodiesel in a variety of composition of biodiesel of 10%, 20%, and 30%. It is known that SO2 and CO emission factors in biodiesel combustion in boiler was significantly lower than petrodiesel, while CO2 and NOx emission factors tend to higher. Inconsistently, the stack sampling data showed that the emission of CO and CO2 was higher than petrodiesel, instead NOx emission of biodiesel combustion was 10% and 27% lower than petrodiesel
Analytical process model for wire + arc additive manufacturing

An analytical process model for predicting the layer height and wall width from the process parameters was developed for wire + arc additive manufacture of Ti-6Al-4V, which includes inter-pass temperature and material properties. Capillarity theory predicted that cylindrical deposits were produced where the wall width was less than 12 mm (radius <6 mm) due to the large value of the surface tension. Power was predicted with an accuracy of ±20% for a wide range of conditions for pulsed TIG and plasma deposition. Interesting differences in the power requirements were observed where a surface depression was produced with the plasma process due to differences in melting efficiency and/or convection effects. Finally, it was estimated the impact of controlling the workpiece temperature on the accuracy of the deposit geometry
The high temperature region of the Viana-Bray diluted spin glass model

In this paper, we study the high temperature or low connectivity phase of the
Viana-Bray model. This is a diluted version of the well known
Sherrington-Kirkpatrick mean field spin glass. In the whole replica symmetric
region, we obtain a complete control of the system, proving annealing for the
infinite volume free energy, and a central limit theorem for the suitably
rescaled fluctuations of the multi-overlaps. Moreover, we show that free energy
fluctuations, on the scale 1/N, converge in the infinite volume limit to a
non-Gaussian random variable, whose variance diverges at the boundary of the
replica-symmetric region. The connection with the fully connected
Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model is discussed.Comment: 24 page
Three-Higgs-doublet models: symmetries, potentials and Higgs boson
  masses

We catalogue and study three-Higgs-doublet models in terms of all possible
allowed symmetries (continuous and discrete, Abelian and non-Abelian), where
such symmetries may be identified as flavour symmetries of quarks and leptons.
We analyse the potential in each case, and derive the conditions under which
the vacuum alignments (0,0,v), (0,v,v) and (v,v,v) are minima of the potential.
For the alignment (0,0,v), relevant for dark matter models, we calculate the
corresponding physical Higgs boson mass spectrum. Motivated by supersymmetry,
we extend the analysis to the case of three up-type Higgs doublets and three
down- type Higgs doublets (six doublets in total). Many of the results are also
applicable to flavon models where the three Higgs doublets are replaced by
three electroweak singlets
Improvement of the extended P+QQ interaction by modifying the monopole
  field

The extended pairing plus $QQ$ interaction with the $J$-independent isoscalar
proton-neutron force as an average monopole field, which has succeeded in
describing collective yrast states of $N \approx Z$ even-$A$ nuclei, is
improved.
  The improvement is accomplished by adding small monopole terms
  (relevant to spectroscopy) to the average monopole field
  (indispensable to the binding energy). This modification extends the
applicability of the interaction to nuclei with $N \approx 28$ such as
$^{48}$Ca, and moreover improves energy levels of noncollective states.
  The modified interaction successfully describes not only even-$A$ but also
odd-$A$ nuclei in the $f_{7/2}$ shell region.
  Results of exact shell model calculations in the model space
  ($f_{7/2}$, $p_{3/2}$, $p_{1/2}$) (its usefulness has been demonstrated
previously) are shown for $A$=47, 48, 49, 50 and 51 nuclei
Primary and substance-induced psychotic disorders in methamphetamine users

This study investigates the rates of primary psychotic disorders (PPD) and substance induced psychotic disorders (SIPDs) in methamphetamine (MA) users accessing needle and syringe programs (NSPs). The aim was to determine if there are systematic differences in the characteristics of MA users with PPDs and SIPDs compared to those with no psychotic disorder. Participants were 198 MA users reporting use in the previous month. Diagnosis was determined using the Psychiatric Research Interview for DSM-IV Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM-IV). Current psychiatric symptoms and substance use were also measured. Just over half (N=101) of participants met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime psychotic disorder, including 81 (80%) with a SIPD and 20 (20%) with a PPD. Those with a younger age of onset of weekly MA use were at increased risk of a lifetime SIPD. A current psychotic disorder was found in 62 (39%), comprising 49 SIPDs (79%) and 13 PPDs (21%). MA users with a current PPD were more likely to have received psychiatric treatment in the past month than those with a current SIPD, despite a similar level of psychotic symptom severity. A high proportion of MA users accessing NSPs have psychotic disorders, the majority of which are substance-induced
Metastring theory and modular space-time

String theory is canonically accompanied with a space-time interpretation which determines S-matrix-like observables, and connects to the standard physics at low energies in the guise of local effective field theory. Recently, we have introduced a reformulation of string theory which does not rely on an a priori space-time interpretation or a pre-assumption of locality. This metastring theory is formulated in such a way that stringy symmetries (such as T-duality) are realized linearly. In this paper, we study metastring theory on a flat background and develop a variety of technical and interpretational ideas. These include a formulation of the moduli space of Lorentzian worldsheets, a careful study of the symplectic structure and consequently consistent closed and open boundary conditions, and the string spectrum and operator algebra. What emerges from these studies is a new quantum notion of space-time that we refer to as a quantum Lagrangian or equivalently a modular space-time . This concept embodies the standard tenets of quantum theory and implements in a precise way a notion of relative locality. The usual string backgrounds (non-compact space-time along with some toroidally compactified spatial directions) are obtained from modular space-time by a limiting procedure that can be thought of as a correspondence limit
Mineral replacement rate of olivine by chrysotile and brucite under high alkaline conditions

International audienceOlivine mineral replacement by serpentine is one major alteration reaction of oceanic hydrothermalism. In the present experimental study, olivine grains were replaced by chrysotile and brucite under high alkaline conditions. In our study, olivine replacement implied a spatial and temporal coupling of dissolution and precipitation reactions at the interface between olivine and chrysotile-brucite minerals. Coupled dissolution-precipitation led to the alteration of starting olivine grains (so-called primary or parent mineral) to a porous mineral assemblage of chrysotile and brucite with preservation of the initial olivine morphology. This mineral replacement reaction of olivine (serpentinization) has been characterized using XRD, FESEM and FTIR measurements. Moreover, a simple and novel method is here proposed to quantify the mineral replacement rate (or serpentinization rate) of olivine by using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential TG (DTG) analyses. Serpentinization extent depends on the grain size: it is complete after 30 days of reaction for the smallest olivine grains (<30µm), after 90 days of reaction for the intermediate olivine grains (30 µm-56 µm) and reaches 55% of olivine replacement after 90 days for the largest fraction (56-150 µm). Based on the fitting of the serpentinization extent (t) versus time (t) by using a kinetic pseudo-second-order model, the serpentinization rates vary from 3.6x10-6 s-1 to 1.4x10-7 s-1 depending on the olivine grain size. An additional correlation between FTIR spectra analysis and TG measurements is proposed. The mineral replacement reactions frequently observed in natural alteration processes could be a powerful synthesis route to design new porous and/or nanostructured materials
Idempotent version of the Fréchet contingency array problem

International audienceIn this paper we study the idempotent version of the so-called Fréchet correlation array problem. The problem is studied using an algebraic approach. The major result is that there exists a unique upper bound and several lower bounds. The formula for the upper bound is given. An algorithm is proposed to compute one lower bound. Another algorithm is provided to compute all lower bounds, but the number of lower bounds may be a very large number. Note that all these results are only based on the distributive lattice property of the idempotent algebraic structure