pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Identifying wind power ramp causes from multivariate datasets: a methodological proposal and its application to reanalysis data.

Forecasting abrupt variations in wind power generation (the so-called ramps) helps achieve large scale wind power integration. One of the main issues to be confronted when addressing wind power ramp forecasting is the way in which relevant information is identified from large datasets to optimally feed forecasting models. To this end, an innovative methodology oriented to  systematically relate multivariate datasets to ramp events is presented. The methodology comprises two stages: the identification of relevant features in the data and the assessment of the dependence between these features and ramp occurrence. As a test case, the proposed methodology was employed to explore the relationships between atmospheric dynamics at the global/synoptic scales and ramp events experienced in two wind farms located in Spain. The achieved results suggested different connection degrees between these atmospheric scales and ramp occurrence. For one of the wind farms, it was found that ramp events could be partly explained from regional circulations and zonal pressure gradients. To perform a comprehensive analysis of ramp underlying causes, the proposed methodology could be applied to datasets related to other stages of the wind-topower conversion chain
The millimeter wave spectrum of s-cis- and s-trans-acrylic acid in its ground vibrational state

The millimeter wave spectrum of acrylic acid (CH2=CH–COOH), the simplest unsaturated
carboxylic acid, was measured and analyzed from 130 to 360 GHz. Additional measurements
from 18 to 26.5 GHz were also made using a waveguide CP-FTMW spectrometer. More than
4000 rotational lines were assigned to s-cis- and s-trans-acrylic acid in their ground
vibrational states. New laboratory data of acrylic acid were then used to search for its spectral
features in Orion KL, Sgr B2, and W51 molecular clouds. An upper limit to the column
density of acrylic acid in Orion KL is provided
High-spin isomeric structures in exotic odd-odd nuclei: Exploration of the proton drip line and beyond

<p>We investigate the role of two-quasiparticle isomeric states along the proton drip line, using configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations. In contrast to even-even nuclei, odd-odd nuclei can have coexisting low-lying two-quasiparticle states. The low excitation energy and high angular momentum can lead to long-lived isomers. Also, because of the hindrance by spin selection, the probabilities of <i>beta</i> and proton decays from high-spin isomers can be reduced significantly. The present calculations reproduce reasonably well the available data for observed isomers in such nuclei. Unobserved high-spin isomers are predicted, which could be useful for future experimental studies of exotic nuclei at and beyond the proton drip line.</p
Optimising Age-Replacement and Extended Non-Renewing Warranty Policies in Lifecycle Costing

This paper analyses the life cycle cost of equipment protected by both base and extended warranty policies from a consumer's perspective. We assume that the equipment has two types of failure: minor and catastrophic. A minor failure can be corrected with minimal repair whereas a catastrophic failure can only be removed by a replacement. It is assumed that equipment is maintained at no charge to the consumer during the warranty period, whereas the consumer is fully charged for any maintenance on failures after the extended warranty expires. We formulate the expected life cycle cost of the equipment under a general failure time distribution, and then for special cases we prove that the optimal replacement and extended warranty policies exists where the expected life cycle cost per unit time is minimised. This is examined with numerical examples. Â© 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Vacuum-ultraviolet resonant photoabsorption imaging of laser produced plasmas

We present results from a vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) "photoabsorption imaging" technique based on the measurement of the time and space resolved absorption of a quasimonochromatic VUV beam from a laser plasma light source. The use of VUV radiation as a probe beam permits direct access to resonance lines of (singly and more highly charged) ions and also to the resonant and nonresonant continua of atoms and ions. In this experiment we have confined ourselves to measurements using the 3p–3d resonances of Ca, Ca+, and Ca2+ as markers of the temporal and spatial distribution of ground state atoms and ions in an expanding laser plasma plume. We show how time resolved column density maps may be extracted from such images. In addition we have extracted plasma plume velocities from the data, which compare well with an analytical laser ablation model
Acoustoelastic Pure-Displacement Elements Based on Biot's Poromechanics Theory

From the elastic energy contained in a displacement based porous material the general form of the stiffness and mass matrices are obtained. If both fields can be expanded with equal order polynomials the general form is further simplified and it is shown that the coupling stiffness reduces to the one arising to compute volume changes in an elastic medium. A plane beam and a four node tetrahedron are developed. To avoid spurious rotational modes appearance in the tetrahedron fluid a penalty formulation is used. The effect of the penalty factor in matrix conditioning is analysed. Elements dynamic behaviour is compared
Enforcement of Property Rights in a Barter Economy

If property rights to consumption goods are insecure, the incentives to trade in a barter economy are reshaped. In a pure exchange economy, we examine the case where two contestable consumption goods are vital to two agents and initial endowments follow a binary distribution. In line with the existing literature, we examine in a two-stage game how the equilibrium security of claims to property is determined. We find that, in equilibrium, two different regimes emerge, depending on the exogenous preference and appropriationeffectiveness parameters: Peaceful coexistence and trade and appropriation,with the former regime strictly Pareto-dominating the latter regime.
Economic Reform in North Korea: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Model

This paper examines the impact of hypothetical market reforms in North.  We build a dynamic general equilibrium model and simulate multiple reform scenarios.  
We first construct a baseline model which mimicks the current command economy.   In this scenario the government allocates output in an inefficient way and simulated economic growth is negative.  We next model a semi-market transition that allows producers choices regarding the distribution of available capital.  However, total capital is still chosen by the government.  Lastly, we consider two scenarios with full market reform allowing for the usual market mechanisms derived from consumer utility maximization, firm profit maximization, and market clearing prices.  In one scenario we keep government investment in public infrastructure unchanged at the low baseline level.  In the other we drastically increase the rate of infrastructure investment so that it matches that of South Korea.  In all we maintain a closed economy assumption and a constant size for the military.
Our simulations show little hope for the North Korean economy without a significant increase in infrastructure.  Although all of the reforms raise the level of output and consumption per capita, only with significant increases in infrastructure investment does output growth change from negative to positive.
Electronic administration in Spain: from its beginnings to the present

This study presents the basic lines of electronic administration in Spain. The complexity of the Spanish political-administrative system makes such a study challenging, in view of the considerable degree of autonomy and competences of the regional administrative bodies and local agencies with respect to the central government, the former being more visible in the 17 regions of Spain. Nonetheless, the central government maintains a series of legal instruments that allow a certain common framework of action to be imposed, aside from what is put into effect through diverse programs
aimed precisely to develop common tools for the regions and municipalities of Spain.

After an introduction that provides some necessary background, this study describes the legislative framework in which Spain's electronic administrative system has developed. The data included in the study refer to investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) and the services offered by the different Administrations on the internet; internet access by citizens, homes, businesses, and employees, as well as the interactivity existing with
administrations by means of the internet; the origins and rise of various political initiatives of the Central Government involving electronic administration; and finally, the situation of civil service personnel, as catalysts of the success of Information Society in the Public Administration within Spain.
Metallocene Polypropylene Crystallization Kinetic During Cooling in Rotational Molding Thermal Condition

This article is part of an ambitious project. The aim is to simulate mechanical properties of rotomolded part from micro-structure consideration. Main objective here is to consider metallocene polypropylene crystallization kinetic (PP) during cooling stage in rotational molding. Crystallization kinetic of metallocene PP is so rapid that microscopy cannot help to observe nucleation and growth. Crystallization rate can be estimated by a global kinetic. Given that cooling in rotational molding is dynamic with a constant rate, Ozawa law appears more appropriate. Ozawa parameters have been estimated by differential scanning calorimetry. In rotational molding thermal condition, Avrami index identifies a complex nucleation intermediate between spontaneous and sporadic. Ozawa rate constant is 68 times higher than this obtained for Ziegler–Natta PP. By coupling transformation rate from Ozawa model and a thermal model developed earlier, the difference between theory and experimental is less than 1%. To optimize rotational molding, study has been completed by sensitivity to adjustable parameters
In situ damage mechanisms investigation of PA66/GF30 composite: Effect of relative humidity

Damage mechanisms of injection molded polyamide-66/short glass fiber 30 wt% composite (PA66/GF30) were analyzed using in situ SEM mechanical tests on specimens conditioned under three relative humidity contents (RH = 0%, 50% and 100%). The validity of these in situ analyses was confirmed by Xray micro-computed tomography (lCT) observations on tensile loaded specimens. Experimental results
demonstrated that relative humidity (RH) conditions influence strongly the damage level and damage mechanisms. Indeed, for specimen with RH = 0%, damage initiation occurs at significantly higher load level than those in RH = 50% and RH = 100% specimens. The higher relative humidity condition also results in higher damage level. Damage chronologies have been proposed as damage initiation in the form of fiber–matrix debonding occurs at fiber ends and more generally at locations where fibers are close to each other due to the generation of local stress concentration (for all studied RH contents), and first fiber breakages occur (RH = 0%). These debonded zones further propagate through fiber–matrix interface (for all studied RH contents), and new fiber breakages develop (RH = 0%). At high relative flexural stress, matrix microcracks appear and grow regardless the RH contents. For RH = 100%, these microcracks are also accompanied by many matrix deformation bands. Subsequently, they lead to the damage accumulation and then to the final failure.Projet FUI-DGSIS "DURAFIP
Numerical stability of unsteady stream-function vorticity calculations

The stability of a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is usually approached by con- sidering the numerical stability of a discretized advection-diffusion equation for either a velocity component, or in the case of two-dimensional flow, the vorticity. Stability restrictions for discretized advection-diffusion equations are a very serious constraint, particularly when a mesh is refined in an explicit scheme, so an accurate understanding of the numerical stability of a discretization procedure is often of equal or greater practical importance than concerns with accuracy. The stream-function vorticity formulation provides two equations, one an advection-diffusion equation for vorticity and the other a Poisson equation between the vorticity and the stream-function. These two equations are usually not coupled when considering numerical stability. The relation between the stream-function and the vorticity is linear and so has, in principle, an exact inverse. This allows an algebraic method to link the interior and the boundary vorticity into a single iteration scheme. In this work, we derive a global time-iteration matrix for the combined system. When applied to a model problem, this matrix formulation shows differences between the numerical stability of the full system equations and that of the discretized advection-diffusion equation alone. It also gives an indication of how the wall vorticity discretization affects stability. Despite the added algebraic complexity, it is straightforward to use MATLAB to carry out all the matrix operations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.60
Automatic TV advertisement detection from MPEG bitstream

The Centre for Digital Video Processing at Dublin City University conducts concentrated research and development in the area of digital video management. The current stage of development is demonstrated on our Web-based digital video system called Físchlár (Proceedings of the Content based Multimedia Information Access, RIAO 2000, Vol. 2, Paris, France, 12–14 April 2000, p. 1390), which provides for efficient recording, analysing, browsing and viewing of digitally captured television programmes.\ud
\ud
Advertisement breaks during or between television programmes are typically recognised by a series of ‘black’ video frames simultaneously accompanying a depression in audio volume which separate each advertisement from one another by recurrently occurring before and after each individual advertisement. It is the regular prevalence of these flags that enables automatic differentiation between what is programme and what is a commercial break. This paper reports on the progress made in the development of this idea into an advertisement detector system that automatically detects the commercial breaks from the bitstream of digitally captured television broadcasts
Process mapping of laser surface modification of AISI 316L stainless steel for biomedical applications

A 1.5-kW CO2 laser in pulsed mode at 3 kHz was used to investigate the effects of varied laser process parameters and resulting morphology of AISI 316L stainless steel. Irradiance and residence time were varied between 7.9 to 23.6 MW/cm2 and 50 to 167 µs respectively. A strong correlation between irradiance, residence time, depth of processing and roughness of processed steel was established. The high depth of altered microstructure and increased roughness were linked to higher levels of both irradiance and residence times. Energy fluence and surface temperature models were used to predict levels of melting occurring on the surface through the analysis of roughness and depth of the region processed. Microstructural images captured by the SEM revealed significant grain structure changes at higher irradiances, but due to increased residence times, limited to the laser in use, the hardness values were not improved
Context-Aware Retrieval for Ubiquitous Computing Environments

Mobile and ubiquitous computing environments provide a\ud
challenging and exciting new domain for information retrieval. One of the challenges is to provide relevant and reliable information to users often engaged in other activities or to agents acting on behalf of the user. We believe that identification of relevant information can be achieved by integration of existing methods from information retrieval and contextaware technologies. Making use of this retrieved information may be facilitated by contributions from human-computer interaction studies and\ud
agent technology to determine how and when to deliver the information to the user or how best to act on the user’s behalf
Hot gas desulphurisation with dolomite sorbent in coal gasification

Gasification technologies are among the most promising electrical power generation options both from an environmental and efficiency point of view, as they allow efficient, environmentally-friendly use of national coal, as well as other carbonaceous materials mixed with coal, including high sulphur by-products.During gasification, sulphur is converted mainly into H2S and secondly into COS, and control of these has been researched using several H2S adsorbents. The aim of this paper was advanced removal of these compounds. Dolomite, which reacts with H2S to yield calcium sulphide, was chosen from among several earth-alkaline compounds for research due to its properties and low cost in reducing the presence of H2S in coal gasification. Tests were carried out using dolomite from Granada, Spain, with this sorbent used without blending and with amounts of 100 g and 150 g in each test. The dolomite was sulphurized using a mixture of gases that simulates the gasification gas. The influence of sulphurisation conditions such as gas velocity, bed length, grain size, gas temperature, and gas composition were investigated. The solid products obtained were characterised by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The behaviour of COS that normally accompanies H2S in gasification gases was investigated and found to follow a breakthrough curve similar to H2S, with equilibrium existing between the COS destroyed due to reaction with hydrogen and by hydrolysis and the COS formed by reaction of CO2 with H2S. Hence, its content in outlet gases is a function of the composition of this gas, especially in terms of CO2, H2S and H2O. The accelerating effect of sulphurised dolomite on the rate of the reverse water-shift reaction was demonstrated
n-Alkan-2-ones in peat-forming plants from the Roñanzas ombrotrophic bog (Asturias, northern Spain)

We determined the distribution of lipids (n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones) in present-day peat-formingplants in the RoñanzasBog in northernSpain. Consistent with the observation of others, most Sphagnum (moss) species alkanes maximized at C23, whereas the other plants maximized at higher molecular weight (C27 to C31). We show for the first time that plants other than seagrass and Sphagnum moss contain n-alkan-2-ones. Almost all the species analysed showed an n-alkan-2-one distribution between C21 and C31 with an odd/even predominance, maximizing at C27 or C29, except ferns, which maximized at lower molecular weight (C21–C23). We also observed that microbial degradation can be a major contributor to the n-alkan-2-one distribution in sediments as opposed to a direct input of ketones from plant
Determination of the hoop fracture properties of unirradiated hydrogen-charged nuclear fuel cladding from ring compression tests

In this work, a new methodology is devised to obtain the fracture properties of nuclear fuel cladding in\ud
the hoop direction. The proposed method combines ring compression tests and a finite element method\ud
that includes a damage model based on cohesive crack theory, applied to unirradiated hydrogen-charged\ud
ZIRLOTM nuclear fuel cladding. Samples with hydrogen concentrations from 0 to 2000 ppm were tested at\ud
20 �C. Agreement between the finite element simulations and the experimental results is excellent in all\ud
cases. The parameters of the cohesive crack model are obtained from the simulations, with the fracture\ud
energy and fracture toughness being calculated in turn. The evolution of fracture toughness in the hoop\ud
direction with the hydrogen concentration (up to 2000 ppm) is reported for the first time for ZIRLOTM\ud
cladding. Additionally, the fracture micromechanisms are examined as a function of the hydrogen concentration.\ud
In the as-received samples, the micromechanism is the nucleation, growth and coalescence\ud
of voids, whereas in the samples with 2000 ppm, a combination of cuasicleavage and plastic deformation,\ud
along with secondary microcracking is observed
A component- and connector-based approach for end-user composite web applications development

Enabling real end-user development is the next logical stage in the evolution of Internet-wide service-based applications. Successful composite applications rely on heavyweight service orchestration technologies that raise the bar far above end-user skills. This weakness can be attributed to the fact that the composition model does not satisfy end-user needs rather than to the actual infrastructure technologies. In our opinion, the best way to overcome this weakness is to offer end-to-end composition from the user interface to service invocation, plus an understandable abstraction of building blocks and a visual composition technique empowering end users to develop their own applications. In this paper, we present a visual framework for end users, called FAST, which fulfils this objective. FAST implements a novel composition model designed to empower non-programmer end users to create and share their own self-service composite applications in a fully visual fashion. We projected the development environment implementing this model as part of the European FP7 FAST Project, which was used to validate the rationale behind our approach
An online NP-HPLC-DPPH method for the determination of the antioxidant activity of condensed polyphenols in cocoa

In PressUnroasted cocoa beans are rich in monomeric flavanols and particularly epicatechin-based proanthocyanidin oligomers, with the latter making up to 60% of the total polyphenol content. Although the antioxidant activity of cocoa polyphenols is well known, it is still a challenging analytical field, especially, when it comes to the determination of condensed polyphenols and the evaluation of their single contribution to the overall activity. Therefore, an online NP-HPLC-DPPH assay was developed to separate the homologous series of condensed polyphenols for assessing their antioxidant capacity in relation to their degree of polymerization (DP), simultaneously. In this context, normal-phase chromatography allows separation of polyphenols based on their degree of polymerization. This study showed that an unroasted cocoa extract contains condensed polyphenols with a DP of up to 10 monomer units. By means of the online post-column derivatisation with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the antioxidant capacity of the separated condensed polyphenols was assessed. It could be shown that, with the exception of the dimers, the contribution to the total antioxidant activity decreased from monomers to decamers. However, from the single proanthocyanidins identified, nonameric and decameric proanthocyanidins were found to have the highest values for the antioxidant capacity. The degree of polymerization associated with each molecular weight fraction was further confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The online NP-HPLC-DPPH method can be used as qualitative and quantitative analysis of condensed proanthocyanidins and the simultaneous elucidation of the biological activity of proanthocyanidins in complex mixtures