pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Cohabitation : the Pan-America View

In this concluding chapter we reflect on a series of issues of both a methodological and substantive nature encountered in this research project. Firstly, we must realize that the use of individual census records not only opened vast possibilities, but also entails a number of limitations. Secondly, the very large sample sizes allowed for the disaggregation of national trends into far more detailed spatial, ethnic and educational patterns. This, in its turn, allowed us to adopt a “geo-historical” view of the rise of cohabitation for almost the entire American continent, from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego. Furthermore, statistical analyses could be performed at the individual and contextual levels simultaneously. Results show that the effects of social stratification, religion and ethnicity are continuing to be of major importance. This not only holds at the individual level, but at the contextual level as well. Nevertheless, an entirely new wave of change started rolling over the pre-existing patterns from the 1970s onward. These trends are following a firm course, irrespective of the economic ups and downs. The Americas, as opposed to many Asian societies and Africa, are now following in the European footsteps, be it with their own distinct and path-dependent characteristics associated with regionally varying historical antecedents
Cohabitation and Marriage in Canada : the geography, law and politics of competing views on gender equality

In this chapter, we look at unmarried cohabitation in Canada with a focus on regional differences. The high level of unmarried cohabitation in Quebec is known since the 1980s. Consequently, a substantial part of the research on unmarried cohabitation in Canada has actually focused on Quebec, and most of the research that has not focused on Quebec has dealt with Canada as a single unit. We use data from census and two surveys to examine the individual factors that could explain the differences in the spread of unmarried cohabitation between Quebec and the rest of Canada. Analyses lead to conclude that the differences arise from the institutional settings rather than being related to individual characteristics. Quebec law uses unmarried cohabitation and marriage to accommodate two competing views of gender equality—one that rests on the assumption that spouses should be as economically independent as possible during and after marriage, while the other contends that equality implies dependence even after separation or divorce—whereas in the rest of Canada, law implements only the second one, more in marriage, but also in unmarried cohabitation. The analyses also point to differences within English Canada that, as far as we know, had not been noticed in previous research: unmarried cohabitation seems to be more common in Eastern Canada than in Western Canada, which might be related to immigration
The social geography of unmarried cohabitation in the USA, 2007–2011

US studies of marriage and cohabitation have mainly highlighted the social and racial differentials as they were observed in cross-sections, and have as a result essentially focused on the “pattern of disadvantage”. The evolution of such social differentials over time and space reveals that this pattern of disadvantage has clearly persisted, but that it is far from covering the whole story. Historically, there has been a major contribution to the rise of cohabitation by white college students, and later on young white adults with higher education continued to start unions via cohabitation to ever increasing degrees. Only, they seem to move into marriage to a greater extent later on in life than other population segments. Also, the religious affiliation matters greatly: Mormons and evangelical Christians have resisted the current trends. Furthermore this effect is not only operating at the individual but at the contextual level as well. Conversely, even after controls for competing socio-economic explanations, residence in areas (either counties or PUMA-areas) with a Democratic voting pattern is related to higher cohabitation probabilities. And, finally, different legal contexts at the level of States also significantly contributed to the emergence of strong spatial contrasts. Hence, there is a concurrence of several factors shaping the present differentiations, and the rise of secular and liberal attitudes, i.e. the “ethics revolution”, is equally a part of the explanation
The expansion of cohabitation in Mexico, 1930–2010 : the revenge of history?

In this chapter we use census microdata to examine trends in cohabitation in Mexico between 1930 and 2010. The microdata reveal a dramatic increase in cohabitation since the 1990s. By being able to go further back in time than in the other countries examined in this book, we better document the phase that preceded the post-1990 cohabitation boom. This earlier phase was characterized by the systematic reduction in cohabitation in favor of marriages, which results in an overall U-shaped evolution of cohabitation for the entire period between 1930 and 2010. Judging from the mere cross-sectional profiles and results from multilevel models, one could conclude that recent cohabitation replicates historical differentials. However, several features emerge that strongly mitigate this historical inheritance and fits the Second Demographic Transition theory. Among others, these features include that cohabitation is now a “normal” form of partnership among the expanding top educational groups and that the shift from marriage to prolonged cohabitation is driven by further secularization and an overall shift in values. Time will tell how fast and to what degree the shift to the SDT-type will be occurring in Mexico, but at present it is clear that the shift away from the traditional type is under way
The Boom of cohabitation in Colombia and in the Andean Region : social and spatial patterns

In this chapter we use census microdata to document the rise in cohabitation in Colombia and in the Andean countries of Ecuador, Bolivia, Perú and Venezuela over the last four decades. We use multilevel logistic regression models to examine the effect of individual and contextual variables on cohabitation. We show the individual and contextual effects of social stratification, ethnicity and religion on cohabitation. Cohabitation levels follow a negative gradient with education and vary according to ethnic background. The Bolivian, Ecuadorian and Peruvian censuses reveal that the two largest ethnic groups (i.e. the Quechua and Aymara) have, controlling for other characteristics, the lowest incidence of cohabitation. By contrast, Afro-American populations show the highest levels of cohabitation. The joint use of individual- and contextual-level explanatory variables is sufficient to account for the majority of Bolivia’s internal diversity regarding cohabitation, but not sufficient to account for the internal diversity identified in Colombia, Peru or Ecuador. Even after controls, residence in the Andes mountain areas continues to be a factor associated with lower levels of cohabitation. This invites further investigations on how the institutionalization of marriage occurred in the Andes
Cohabitation in Brazil : historical legacy and recent evolution

The availability of the micro data in the IPUMS samples for several censuses spanning a period of 40 years permits a detailed study of differentials and trends in cohabitation in Brazil than has hitherto been the case. The gist of the story is that the historical race/class and religious differentials and the historical spatial contrasts have largely been maintained, but are now operating at much higher levels than in the 1970s. During the last 40 years cohabitation has dramatically increased in all strata of the Brazilian population, and it has spread geographically to all areas in tandem with further expansions in the regions that had historically higher levels to start with. Moreover, the probability of cohabiting depends not only on individual-level characteristics but also on additional contextual effects operating at the level of meso-regions. The rise of cohabitation in Brazil fits the model of the “Second demographic transition”, but it is grafted onto a historical pattern which is still manifesting itself in a number of ways
Exploring agent architectures for farmer behavior in land-use change. A case study in coastal area of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Farmers are the key actors of land-use change processes. It is thus essential to choose a suitable architecture for farmer behavior to model such processes. In this paper, we compared three models with different architectures to model the farmer behavior in the coastal areas of the Ben Tre province: (i) The first one is a probabilistic model that allows farmer to select the land-use pattern based on land change probability; (ii) The second model is based on multi-criteria decision making and takes into account the land suitability of the parcel and the farmer benefit; (iii) The third model used a BDI (Beliefs - Desires - Intentions) architecture. For each of these models, we have compared the difference between simulated data and real data by using the Fuzzy Kappa coefficient. The results show the suitability of the BDI architecture to build land-use change model and to support decision-making on land-use planning
Coupling micro and macro dynamics models on networks: Application to disease spread

A hybrid model coupling an aggregated equation-based model and an agent-based model is presented in this article. It is applied to the simulation of a disease spread in a city network. We focus here on the evaluation of our hybrid model by comparing it with a simple aggregated model. We progressively introduce heterogeneities in the model and measure their impact on three indicators: the maximum intensity of the epidemic, its duration and the time of the epidemic peak. Finally we present how to integrate mitigation strategies in the model and the benefits we can get from our hybrid approach over single paradigm models
Around the tangent cone theorem

A cornerstone of the theory of cohomology jump loci is the Tangent Cone
theorem, which relates the behavior around the origin of the characteristic and
resonance varieties of a space. We revisit this theorem, in both the algebraic
setting provided by cdga models, and in the topological setting provided by
fundamental groups and cohomology rings. The general theory is illustrated with
several classes of examples from geometry and topology: smooth quasi-projective
varieties, complex hyperplane arrangements and their Milnor fibers,
configuration spaces, and elliptic arrangements.Comment: 39 pages; to appear in the proceedings of the Configurations Spaces
  Conference (Cortona 2014), Springer INdAM serie
Syzygies in equivariant cohomology for non-abelian Lie groups

We extend the work of Allday-Franz-Puppe on syzygies in equivariant
cohomology from tori to arbitrary compact connected Lie groups G. In
particular, we show that for a compact orientable G-manifold X the analogue of
the Chang-Skjelbred sequence is exact if and only if the equivariant cohomology
of X is reflexive, if and only if the equivariant Poincare pairing for X is
perfect. Along the way we establish that the equivariant cohomology modules
arising from the orbit filtration of X are Cohen-Macaulay. We allow singular
spaces and introduce a Cartan model for their equivariant cohomology. We also
develop a criterion for the finiteness of the number of infinitesimal orbit
types of a G-manifold.Comment: 28 pages; minor change
Combinatorial topology of the standard chromatic subdivision and Weak
  Symmetry Breaking for 6 processes

In this paper we study a family of discrete configuration spaces, the
so-called protocol complexes, which are of utmost importance in theoretical
distributed computing. Specifically, we consider questions of the existance of
compliant binary labelings on the vertices of iterated standard chromatic
subdivisions of an n-simplex. The existance of such labelings is equivalent to
the existance of distributed protocols solving Weak Symmetry Breaking task in
the standard computational model.
  As a part of our formal model, we introduce function sb(n), defined for
natural numbers n, called the symmetry breaking function. From the geometric
point of view sb(n) denotes the minimal number of iterations of the standard
chromatic subdivision of an (n-1)-simplex, which is needed for the compliant
binary labeling to exist. From the point of distributed computing, the function
sb(n) measures the minimal number of rounds in a protocol solving the Weak
Symmetry Breaking task.
  In addition to the development of combinatorial topology, which is applicable
in a broader context, our main contribution is the proof of new bounds for the
function sb(n). Accordingly, the bulk of the paper is taken up by in-depth
analysis of the structure of adjacency graph on the set of n-simplices in
iterated standard chromatic subdivision of an n-simplex. On the algorithmic
side, we provide the first distributed protocol solving Weak Symmetry Breaking
task in the layered immediate snapshot computational model for some number of
processes.
  It is well known, that the smallest number of processes for which Weak
Symmetry Breaking task is solvable is 6. Based on our analysis, we are able to
find a very fast explicit protocol, solving the Weak Symmetry Breaking for 6
processes using only 3 rounds. Furthermore, we show that no protocol can solve
Weak Symmetry Breaking in fewer than 2 rounds.Comment: updated references, in Configuration Spaces, Springer INdAM series
  14, F. Callegaro et al. (eds.), Springer International Publishing
  Switzerland, 201
Quantum Transport Simulation of III-V TFETs with Reduced-Order K.P
  Method

III-V tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) offer great potentials in
future low-power electronics application due to their steep subthreshold slope
and large "on" current. Their 3D quantum transport study using non-equilibrium
Green's function method is computationally very intensive, in particular when
combined with multiband approaches such as the eight-band K.P method. To reduce
the numerical cost, an efficient reduced-order method is developed in this
article and applied to study homojunction InAs and heterojunction GaSb-InAs
nanowire TFETs. Device performances are obtained for various channel widths,
channel lengths, crystal orientations, doping densities, source pocket lengths,
and strain conditions
Model-based Evaluation of the Resilience of Critical Infrastructures under Cyber Attacks

In this paper we report recent results on modelling the impact of cy-ber-attacks on the resilience of complex industrial systems. We use a hybrid model of the system under study in which the accidental failures and the mali-cious behaviour of the Adversary are modelled stochastically, while the conse-quences of failures and attacks are modelled in detail using deterministic mod-els. This modelling approach is demonstrated on a complex case study - a refer-ence power transmission network (NORDIC 32), enhanced with a detailed model of the computer and communication network used for monitoring, pro-tection and control compliant with the international standard IEC 61850. We studied the resilience of the modelled system under different scenarios: i) a base-line scenario in which the modelled system operates in the presence of ac-cidental failures without cyber-attacks; ii) several different scenarios of cyber-attacks. We discuss the usefulness of the modelling approach, of the findings, and outline directions for further work
Overcoming Barriers and Problem Solving

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the difficulties within partnerships, the problems to be solved. The UN state that ‘partnerships’ are essential for implementation of the SDGs but also acknowledge that many barriers must be overcome. This is evidenced by the UN Economic and Social Council special event; ‘2015 Multi-Stakeholder partnerships: Making them work, for the Post 2015 Development Agenda’. There were many obstacles during the Health, Well-being and Physical Education (HW & PE) project and insights are shared for the benefit of stakeholders in a similar context
Conclusion and Recommendations

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.The purpose of sharing this partnership story is to promote quality learning experiences in physical education, and subsequent promotion of health and wellbeing. Data gathered suggest the learning opportunities created through partnerships were relevant, engaging, contemporary, physically active, enjoyable, and developmentally appropriate for all stakeholders, namely, Initial Teacher Education (ITE) university pre-service teachers, primary school children, and primary teachers. This story is about the localisation of non-funded partnerships in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. Stakeholders were predominantly of the Australian national level but were also international
Context of Partnerships

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.Sustainability of partnerships requires problem solving, which considers ‘context’. The context setting within this partnership was Latrobe Valley, Gippsland (Victoria, Australia), but it was also heavily influenced at the time by the Australian national curriculum reform and national HW & PE initiatives. The national curriculum was underpinned by the socio-cultural perspective and explicitly espoused the permeation of a ‘futures perspective’ in health, quality teaching, and teacher education. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships; Australian universities, schools, Australian Registered Training Organisations (RTO), the local health industry (local leisure, and sports centre), Education departments, sport governing bodies at the national level, and a world leading international Initial Teacher Education (ITE) university course in the UK
Creating Local Pathways in University Teacher Education: Planting the Seed

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.This chapter shares the very beginnings of the partnership journey, metaphorically as a seed which incrementally developed as opportunities were presented. The university classes for the semester swimming unit EDF2611 were redesigned to create a pathway with the swimming and water safety course qualification—Swim Australia Teacher. Careful mentoring enabled the implementation of ‘hands on’ practical teaching and learning experiences for the university Initial Teacher Education pre-service teachers, quality swimming lessons at no cost for local primary school children (from a disadvantaged socio-economic region), and professional development for teachers
Making Sense of the Big Picture: What the Literature Says

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.Community partnerships are not a new concept. What is known is that partnerships are contextual, and therefore, no partnerships are the same. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to investigate what research suggests to enhance successful partnerships. From a ‘futures perspective’, partnerships are ideal for implementing education curricula, and megatrends predict that in the future, education departments need to be prepared for a quality of life with limited world resources and increased significance of social relationships. Specifically within teacher education, literature suggests there are three elements for successful partnerships between schools and universities: coherence and integration, professional experience that links the theory with practice, and new relationships. Successful partnerships that espouse these elements increase the chance of reaching the hybrid space ideal
Global Community Partnership Research

This book uses the example of a partnership journey between universities, schools, the local health industry as well as a number of government organisations which worked to ensure the growth of physical education in primary education. The initiative employed the United Nations (UN) ideals as a model and contextualised them within local schools and communities. What began as a pathway seed quickly grew to involve multi-stakeholder partnerships and therefore explores how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) may be implemented at a grass roots level.This chapter investigates a successful teacher education programme in the UK, awarded ‘Outstanding’ by England’s Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. Furthermore, the success of the programme was explicitly contributed by established partnerships with nearby schools. This course, at the time, was not offered within Australia. This study offered valuable insight into a successful primary teacher education programme/course, illustrated good practice, and subsequently, offered possible improvements to the preparation of pre-service primary teachers in Gippsland, Australia