pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Imaging with a Cell-Permeable Porphyrin-Based MRI Contrast

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with molecular probes offers the potential to monitor physiological parameters with comparatively high spatial and temporal resolution in living subjects. For detection of intracellular analytes, construction of cell-permeable imaging agents remains a challenge. Here we show that a porphyrin-based MRI molecular imaging agent, Mn-(DPA-C2)2-TPPS3, effectively penetrates cells and persistently stains living brain tissue in intracranially injected rats. Chromogenicity of the probe permitted direct visualization of its distribution by histology, in addition to MRI. Distribution was concentrated in cell bodies after hippocampal infusion. Mn-(DPA-C2)2-TPPS3 was designed to sense zinc ions, and contrast enhancement was more pronounced in the hippocampus, a zinc-rich brain region, than in the caudate nucleus, which contains relatively little labile Zn2+. Membrane permeability, optical activity, and high relaxivity of porphyrin-based contrast agents offer exceptional functionality for in vivo imaging.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant DP2-OD2441 (New Innovator Award))United States. Dept. of Defense (grant DAMD17-03-1-0413)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01-GM65519
Measurement of the cross section for top-quark pair production in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector using final states with two high-p(t) leptons

A measurement is reported of the production cross section of top-quark pairs (t (t) over bar) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Candidate events have a signature consistent with containing two isolated leptons, large missing transverse momentum, and at least two jets. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.70 fb(-1), a t (t) over bar production cross section sigma(t (t) over bar) = 176 +/- 5(stat.)(-11)(+14)(syst.) +/- 8(lum.) pb is measured for an assumed top-quark mass of m(t) = 172.5 GeV. This measurement is in good agreement with Standard Model predictions
Summary of the ATLAS experiment’s sensitivity to supersymmetry after LHC Run 1 — interpreted in the phenomenological MSSM

Çetin, Serkant Ali (Dogus Author)A summary of the constraints from the ATLAS experiment on R-parity-conserving supersymmetry is presented. Results from 22 separate ATLAS searches are considered, each based on analysis of up to 20.3 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of s=7$$ \sqrt{s}=7 $$ and 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a neutralino, taking into account constraints from previous precision electroweak and flavour measurements as well as from dark matter related measurements. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared to limits from simplified models. The impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density, the couplings of the observed Higgs boson, and the degree of electroweak fine-tuning is also shown. Spectra for surviving supersymmetry model points with low fine-tunings are presented
Native lysozyme and dry-heated lysozyme interactions with membrane lipid monolayers: lateral reorganization of LPS monolayer, model of the E. coli outer membrane

International audienceLysozyme is mainly described active against Gram-positive bacteria, but is also efficient against some Gram-negative species. Especially, it was recently demonstrated that lysozyme disrupts E. coli membranes. Moreover, dry-heating changes the physicochemical properties of the protein and increases the membrane activity of lysozyme. In order to elucidate the mode of insertion of lysozyme into the bacterial membrane, the interaction between lysozyme and a LPS monolayer mimicking the E. coli outer membrane has been investigated by tensiometry, ellipsometry, Brewster Angle Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. It was thus established that lysozyme has a high affinity for the LPS monolayer, and is able to insert into the latter as long as polysaccharide moieties are present, causing reorganization of the LPS monolayer. Dry-heating increases the lysozyme affinity for the LPS monolayer and its insertion capacity; the resulting reorganization of the LPS monolayer is different and more drastic than with the native protein
The Schrödinger operator on an infinite wedge with a tangent magnetic field

International audienceWe study a model Schrödinger operator with constant magnetic field on an infinite wedge with Neumann boundary condition. The magnetic field is assumed to be tangent to a face. We compare the bottom of the spectrum to the model spectral quantities coming from the regular case. We are particularly motivated by the influence of the magnetic field and the opening angle of the wedge on the spectrum of the model operator and we exhibit cases where the bottom of the spectrum is smaller than in the regular case. Numerical computations enlighten the theoretical approach
Banks’ procyclical behavior: Does provisioning matter?

International audienceA panel of 186 European banks is used for the period 1992-2004 to determine if banking be-haviors, induced by the capital adequacy constraint and the provisioning system, amplify credit uctuations. We …nd that poorly capitalized banks are constrained to expand credit. We also …nd that loan loss provisions (LLP) made in order to cover expected future loan losses (non discretionary LLP) amplify credit uctuations. By contrast, LLP used for management objectives (discretionary LLP) do not a¤ect credit uctuations. The …ndings of our research are consistent with the call for the implementation of a dynamic provisioning system in Europe. JEL classi…cation: G2
High bandwidth-efficiency solar-blind A1GaN Schottky photodiodes with low dark current

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Al0.38Ga0.62N/GaN heterojunction solar-blind Schottky photodetectors with low dark current, high responsivity, and fast pulse response were demonstrated. A five-step microwave compatible fabrication process was utilized to fabricate the devices. The solar-blind detectors displayed extremely low dark current values: 30 pm diameter devices exhibited leakage current below 3 fA under reverse bias up to 12V. True solar-blind operation was ensured with a sharp cut-off around 266 nm. Peak responsivity of 147 mA/W was measured at 256 nm under 20 V reverse bias. A visible rejection more than 4 orders of magnitude was achieved. The thermally-limited detectivity of the devices was calculated as 1.8 x 10(13) cm Hz(12) W-1. Temporal pulse response measurements of the solar-blind detectors resulted in fast pulses with high 3-dB bandwidths. The best devices had 53 ps pulse-width and 4.1 GHz bandwidth. A bandwidth-efficiency product of 2.9 GHz was achieved with the AlGaN Schottky photodiodes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
TRAPPED OR SPURRED BY THE HOME REGION?\ud
THE EFFECTS OF POTENTIAL SOCIAL CAPITAL ON INVOLVEMENT IN FOREIGN MARKETS FOR GOODS AND TECHNOLOGY

Drawing on social capital theory and the international business literature, we argue that domestic geography, in terms of localized potential social capital, facilitates individual firms’ awareness of business opportunities, including knowledge related to involvement in the foreign markets for goods and technology, thereby enhancing firms’ involvement in those foreign markets. When potential social capital reaches a certain threshold, it may work to trap firms into operating only within their home regions, thus reducing involvement in foreign markets. We conjecture that firms’ research and development investment moderates the relationship between potential social capital and degree of involvement in foreign markets, but given the very different properties of the two markets, with different signs for each market: a positive moderation effect for the markets for goods, and a negative effect for the markets for technology. We find empirical support for our arguments based on a representative sample of around 2000 Italian firms
Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli dissimilarity: closely related bacteria with distinct metabolic profiles

Live attenuated strains of Salmonella typhimurium have been extensively investigated as vaccines for a number of infectious diseases. However, there is still little information available concerning aspects of their metabolism. S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli show a high degree of similarity in terms of their genome contents and metabolic networks. However, this work presents experimental evidence showing that significant differences exist in their abilities to direct carbon fluxes to biomass and energy production. It is important to study the metabolism of Salmonella in order to elucidate the formation of acetate and other metabolites involved in optimizing the production of biomass, essential for the development of recombinant vaccines. The metabolism of Salmonella under aerobic conditions was assessed using continuous cultures performed at dilution rates ranging from 0.1 to 0.67 h1, with glucose as main substrate. Acetate assimilation and glucose metabolism under anaerobic conditions were also investigated using batch cultures. Chemostat cultivations showed deviation of carbon towards acetate formation, starting at dilution rates above 0.1 h1. This differed from previous findings for E. coli, where acetate accumulation was only detected at dilution rates exceeding 0.4 h1, and was due to the lower rate of acetate assimilation by S. typhimurium under aerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions, both microorganisms mainly produced ethanol, acetate, and formate. A genome-scale metabolic model, reconstructed for Salmonella based on an E. coli model, provided a poor description of the mixed fermentation pattern observed during Salmonella cultures, reinforcing the different patterns of carbon utilization exhibited by these closely related bacteria. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Special thanks to Amadeus Azevedo for the HPLC analyses and technical assistance. The authors acknowledge the national funding received from CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Brazil), the international cooperation project CAPES-FCT (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior/Brazil-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia/Portugal-Process 315/11), CAPES (Atracao de Jovens Talentos-Process 064922/2014-01) and to Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit
Biomass production and biochemical variability of the marine microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta (Butcher) with high nutrient concentrations

Mass cultures of Dunaliella tertiolecta were carried out in 10-l flasks with four nutrient concentrations in order to obtain a maximum biomass production and to find out its biochemical variability. Using these cultural conditions equations were calculated by a multiple non-linear least squares regression of order four, enabling predictions to be made of growth kinetics and chemical composition. Maximum cellular densities between 12.45 × 106 and 14.23 × 106 cells/ml were obtained with 4, 8 and 16 mM of NaNO3. Growth velocity ranged between 0.50 and 0.61 doublings/day. Protein content reached maximum values in the stationary phase of 442 μg/ml and 31 pg/cell at 16 mM of NaNO3. In the logarithmic phase protein concentration per cell was not related to nutrient concentration. Maximum efficiencies of transformation from nitrate to protein were 100%, obtained at 2 and 4 mM of NaNO3. Chlorophyll a/cell reached values between 1.03 and 1.95 pg/cell in the stationary phase. There was no relationship between nutrient concentration and chlorophyll a/cell in the logarithmic phase, the values for the different nutrient concentrations being very similar.
The maximum value of carbohydrates, 185 μg/ml, was obtained with 4 mM of NaNO3. Carbohydrates/cell reached the maximum values of 8.94 and 10.05 pg/cell with 8 and 16 mM of NaNO3, respectively, in the stationary phase. RNA/cell ranged from 4.28 to 5.40 pg/cell in the logarithmic phase and from 4.72 to 5.80 pg/cell in the stationary. The level of DNA/cell was constant in all the nutrient concentrations tested and in both growth phases, and ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 pg/cell. Great variability in the chemical composition of D. tertiolecta has been shown. Growth in mass cultures is closely coupled to changes in nutrient concentration, and variations occur in protein, chlorophyll a, carbohydrates and RNA content, showing differences of 197%, 255%, 142% and 150%, respectively. This biochemical variability must have a marked effect on the value of this microalga as source of single cell protein, chemicals or as feed in mariculture.Spain. Direccion General de Ordenación Pesquera
Small talk in the tumor microenvironment - the contribution of fibroblasts and endothelial cells to the malignant phenotype

Cancer is the result of aberrant cells developing into tumor cells that act in concert with
the micro- and macroenvironment like any other organ in our bodies. The cells and
molecules of the tumor microenvironment are important contributors to the tumorigenic
process. However, we are still far from understanding the full complexity and intricate
molecular interactions that affect the process.



We show that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC, expressed by tumor cells,
recruit cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to the tumor microenvironment resulting in
an accelerated tumor growth rate. Among the CAFs, we identify three different
subclasses by their variable expression of fibroblast specific protein (FSP)-1 and PDGF
receptor (PDGFR)-α. Two of these subclasses express osteopontin (OPN), which is
responsible for the increased tumor growth rate. In subsequent studies, we reveal that
PDGF-CC expression is high in breast cancer and that PDGF-CC presence in epithelial
cells is an independent prognostic marker for patient survival in a large cohort of
patients. We also developed a monoclonal antibody for PDGF-CC, which as a
monotherapy reduces tumor growth rate proving the in vivo efficacy of targeting
PDGF-CC.



Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family members have been attributed complex
and contradictory effects on angiogenesis. We have studied the effect of ablation of
endoglin or activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) in tumor models. Targeting endoglin
results in adaptation and no effect on tumor growth or vessel density. We do however
detect increased metastatic seeding as a consequence of endothelial to mesenchymal
transition (EndMT). Endoglin deficiency prolongs the tumor sensitivity to
antiangiogenic therapy that otherwise induce resistance. However, pharmacological and
genetic targeting of ALK1 results in reduction of tumor formation and burden due to
decrease in the vessel density. Molecular characterization reveals that the combination
of TGF-β and bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-9 is responsible for inducing
activation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis
Measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter reports a measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. Based on an integrated luminosity of 4.9 /fb, the differential cross-section in the Z/gamma* to e+e- channel is measured with the ATLAS detector as a function of the invariant mass, Mee, in the range 116 < Mee < 1500 GeV, for a fiducial region in which both the electron and the positron have transverse momentum pT > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity eta < 2.5. A comparison is made to various event generators and to the predictions of perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-next-to-leading order
The effect of crystallinity and structural disorder on the electrochemical performance of substituted nickel hydroxide electrodes

βbc-​Nickel hydroxide exhibit non-​uniform broadening reflections in their PXRD pattern due to the presence of structural disorder. βbc-​Nickel hydroxide electrodes with smaller crystallite size and structural disorder reversibly exchanges 0.9e​/Ni.  Co​/Zn​/Ca​/Cd-​substituted βbc-​nickel hydroxide samples also display non-​uniform broadening of reflections in their powder X-​ray diffraction patterns with smaller crystallite size and exchanges 0.7-​0.8e​/Ni.  Hydrothermal treatment of βbc-​nickel hydroxide slurry at 170 °C results in an ordering of reflections in their powder X-​ray diffraction pattern with an increased crystallite size.  Cryst. β-​nickel hydroxide electrode reversibly exchanges 0.3-​0.4e​/Ni.  Hydrothermal-​treated Co​/Zn​/Ca​/Cd-​substituted βbc-​nickel hydroxide slurries at 170 °C display sharp reflections with similar crystallite size and electrochem. activities as that of cryst. β-​nickel hydroxide.  This clearly demonstrates that partial substitution of Co​/Zn​/Ca​/Cd in the nickel hydroxide matrix does not show any dramatic improvement in their electrochem. activity at 25-​30 °C.  Structural disordered material with smaller crystallite size delivers electrochem. activity close to theor. capacity
Gauge Coupling Field, Currents, Anomalies and N=1 Super-Yang-Mills
  Effective Actions

Working with a gauge coupling field in a linear superfield, we construct
effective Lagrangians for N=1 super-Yang-Mills theory fully compatible with the
expected all-order behaviour or physical quantities. Using the one-loop
dependence on its ultraviolet cutoff and anomaly matching or cancellation of R
and dilatation anomalies, we obtain the Wilsonian effective Lagrangian. With
similar anomaly matching or cancellation methods, we derive the effective
action for gaugino condensates, as a function of the real coupling field. Both
effective actions lead to a derivation of the NSVZ beta function from algebraic
arguments only. The extension of results to N=2 theories or to matter systems
is briefly considered. The main tool for the discussion of anomalies is a
generic supercurrent structure with 16_B+16_F operators (the S multiplet),
which we derive using superspace identities and field equations for a fully
general gauge theory Lagrangian with the linear gauge coupling superfield, and
with various U(1)_R currents. As a byproduct, we show under which conditions
the S multiplet can be improved to contain the Callan-Coleman-Jackiw
energy-momentum tensor whose trace measures the breaking of scale invariance.Comment: 60 pages, references added, published version (Nucl. Phys. B
The Influence of Genotype Information on Psychiatrists’ Treatment Recommendations: More Experienced Clinicians Know Better What to Ignore

© 2017 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Background This study applies attribute nonattendance to medical decision making. We aimed to demonstrate how this type of analysis can be used in medical decision making to assess whether psychiatrists were influenced in their treatment recommendations by information on the genotype of a patient, despite knowing the patient's response to treatment as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. A patient's genetic information may be used to predict their response to therapy; such information, however, becomes redundant, and should not influence decisions, once a clinician knows the patient's actual response to treatment. Methods Sixty-seven psychiatrists were presented with patients’ pre- or post-treatment scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for two hypothetical treatments for schizophrenia. Psychiatrists were also informed whether the patient possessed a genotype linked to hyper-responsiveness to one of the treatments, and were asked to recommend one of these two treatments. Attribute nonattendance assessed whether the information on genotype influenced psychiatrists’ treatment recommendations. Results Years of experience predicted whether psychiatrists were influenced by the genetic information. Psychiatrists with 1 year or less of experience had a 46% probability of considering genetic information, whereas psychiatrists with at least 15 years of experience had a lower probability (7%). Conclusions Psychiatrists and other clinicians should be cautious about allowing a patient's genetic information to carry unnecessary weight in their clinical decision making
Poly(propylene glycol) and urethane dimethacrylates improve conversion of dental composites and reveal complexity of cytocompatibility testing.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of various monomers on conversion and cytocompatibility of dental composites and to improve these properties without detrimentally affecting mechanical properties, depth of cure and shrinkage. METHODS: Composites containing urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) or bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) with poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PPGDMA) or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were characterized using the following techniques: conversion (FTIR at 1 and 4mm depths), depth of cure (BS EN ISO 4049:2009 and FTIR), shrinkage (BS EN ISO 17304:2013 and FTIR), strength and modulus (biaxial flexural test) and water sorption. Cytocompatibility of composites and their liquid phase components was assessed using three assays (resazurin, WST-8 and MTS). RESULTS: UDMA significantly improved conversion, BFS and depth of cure compared to Bis-GMA, without increasing shrinkage. UDMA was cytotoxic at lower concentrations than Bis-GMA, but extracts of Bis-GMA-containing composites were less cytocompatible than of those containing UDMA. PPGDMA improved conversion and depth of cure compared to TEGDMA, without detrimentally affecting shrinkage. TEGDMA was shown by all assays to be highly toxic. Resazurin, but not WST-8 and MTS, suggested that PPGDMA exhibited improved cytocompatibility compared to TEGDMA. SIGNIFICANCE: The use of UDMA and PPGDMA results in composites with excellent conversion, depth of cure and mechanical properties, without increasing shrinkage. Composites containing UDMA appear to be slightly more cytocompatible than those containing Bis-GMA. These monomers may therefore improve the material properties of dental restorations, particularly bulk fill materials. The effect of diluent monomer on cytocompatibility requires further investigation