pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
Can serial rapists be distinguished from one-off rapists?

There are investigative advantages to being able to determine early in a police investigation whether a rape has been committed by a serial or a one-off rapist. Previous research has found some differences in the crime-scene behaviors of serial and one-off rapists; however, this research suffers from the limitation of utilizing a sample of rapes within which there was a mixture of victim-offender relationships. To address this limitation, this study sampled 38 serial (two or more convictions) and 50 one-off (one conviction) stranger rapists and compared their crime scene behavior across four domains (control, sex, escape and style behaviors). Serial and one-off rapists differed in some control and sexual behaviors, in particular, in the type of victim targeted, the offense locations, methods of control and the sexual acts forced upon the victim. However, the results did not indicate a striking difference in the offending behavior of the two groups. The implications of these findings for criminal investigations are discussed
A revaluation of the cultural dimension of disability policy in the European Union: The impact of digitization and web accessibility

Reflecting the commitments undertaken by the EU through the conclusion of the
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), the
European Disability Strategy 2010–2020 not only gives a prominent position to accessibility,
broadly interpreted, but also suggests an examination of the obligations for
access to cultural goods and services. The European Disability Strategy 2010–2020
expressly acknowledges that EU action will support national activities to make sports,
leisure, cultural and recreational organizations and activities accessible, and use the
possibilities for copyright exceptions in the Directive 2001/29/EC (Infosoc Directive).
This article discusses to what extent the EU has realized the principle of accessibility
and the right to access cultural goods and services envisaged in the UNCRPD. Previous
research has yet to explore how web accessibility and digitization interact with the cultural
dimension of disability policy in the European Union. This examination attempts
to fill this gap by discussing to what extent the European Union has put this cultural
dimension into effect and how web accessibility policies and the digitization of cultural
materials influence these efforts
An examination of "don\u27t know" responses in forensic interviews with children

Most experimental studies examining the use of pre-interview instructions (ground rules) show that children say &quot;I don\u27t know&quot; more often when they have been encouraged to do so when appropriate. However, children\u27s &quot;don\u27t know&quot; responses have not been studied in more applied contexts, such as in investigative interviews. In the present study, 76 transcripts of investigative interviews with allegedly abused children revealed patterns of &quot;don\u27t know&quot; responding, as well as interviewers\u27 reactions to these responses. Instructions to say &quot;I don\u27t know&quot; when appropriate did not affect the frequency with which children gave these responses. Interviewers rejected &quot;don\u27t know&quot; responses nearly 30% of the time, and typically continued to ask about the same topic using more risky questions. Children often answered these follow-up questions even though they had previously indicated that they lacked the requested information. There was no evidence that &quot;don\u27t know&quot; responses indicated reluctance to talk about abuse. Implications for forensic interviewers are discussed
The development of differential mnemonic effects of false denials and forced confabulations

The current experiment was designed to assess the mnemonic consequences of false denials and forced confabulations. Children (aged 6–8 and 10–12 years) and adults viewed a video and then their memory and belief about the event were tested. Participants were then divided into three groups. In the “cued recall” condition, participants were asked to answer true- and false-event questions, but could choose not to respond if they did not know the answer. In the “forced confabulation” group, participants received the same set of questions, but were forced to answer all of them. In the “false denial” group, participants were instructed to falsely deny in response to each question. One week later, participants received a source memory test, and they had to provide memory and belief ratings once more. Forced confabulations resulted in false memories in the youngest group. Moreover, our analyses showed that repeated false denials led children and adults to be highly inclined to falsely deny that they had talked to the experimenter about certain presented details, when in fact they had done so. Furthermore, false denial and non-believed memory rates were more pronounced in younger than in older children and adults. Our results imply that denying experienced events is not a good strategy in an interviewing setting, as it adversely affects memory statements about the interview
Support and Reluctance in the Pre-Substantive Phase of Alleged Child Abuse Victim Investigative Interviews: Revised versus Standard NICHD Protocols

Children’s unwillingness to report abuse places them at risk for re-victimization, and interviewers who do not respond sensitively to that unwillingness may increase the likelihood that victims will not disclose abuse.  Interviewer support and children’s reluctance were examined on a turn-by-turn basis using sequential analyses in 199 forensic interviews of 3-to-13-year-olds who alleged maltreatment.  Half of the children were interviewed using the Revised Protocol that emphasized rapport-building (RP), the others using the Standard NICHD Protocol (SP).  When using the RP, interviewers provided proportionally more support than when using the SP, but even when using the RP they did not specifically provide support when children expressed reluctance.  The RP promoted immediate cooperation when reluctant utterances were met with support, however, suggesting that supportive statements were valuable. The findings enhance our understanding of children’s willingness to participate in investigative interviews and the means through which interviewers can foster the comfort and well-being of young witnesses.This research was supported by the Nuffield and Jacobs Foundations.This is the accepted manuscript. It will be embargoed until 12 months after publication. The final version is available from Wiley at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bsl.2149/abstract
What Happens to Mental Health Court Noncompleters?

Mental health court (MHC) research consistently finds that defendants who successfully complete and graduate from the court are less likely to recidivate than those who do not. However, research has not assessed what happens to these noncompleters once they are sent back to traditional court. Using follow-up data on six years of noncompleters from pre-adjudication MHC, we examine what happens to these defendants in traditional court. Findings suggest that 63.7% of defendants' charges were dismissed, 21.0% received probation, and 15.3% were sentenced to incarceration. We examine the time to disposition and differences in defendant characteristics and disposition outcome as well as the relationship between disposition and subsequent recidivism. Results suggest that more severe punishments in traditional court are associated with recidivism. Logistic regression analysis shows that defendants whose charges were dismissed in traditional court were less likely to recidivate than those who were sentenced to probation or incarceration. Our findings highlight the need for future MHC evaluations to consider traditional court outcomes and support trends towards post-adjudication courts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Do Prosecutors use Interview Instructions or Build Rapport with Child Witnesses?

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2183This study examined the quality of interview instructions and rapport-building provided by prosecutors to 168 5- to 12-year-old children testifying in child sexual abuse cases, preceding explicit questions about abuse allegations. Prosecutors failed to effectively administer key interview instructions, build rapport, or rely on open-ended narrative producing prompts during this early stage of questioning. Moreover, prosecutors often directed children’s attention to the defendant early in the testimony. The productivity of different types of wh- questions varied, with what/how questions focusing on actions being particularly productive. The lack of instructions, poor quality rapport-building, and closed-ended questioning suggest that children may not be adequately prepared during trial to provide lengthy and reliable reports to their full ability.This research was supported by NICHD Grant HD047290 to Dr. Thomas Lyon
Exploring multiplicity conditions in enzymatic reaction networks

13 páginas, 10 figuras, 3 tablas, 1 apéndiceIn this work, a novel algorithmic approach to detect multiplicity of steady states in enzymatic reaction networks is presented. The method exploits the structural properties of networks derived from the Chemical Reaction Network Theory. In first instance, the space of parameters is divided in different regions according to the qualitative behavior induced by the parameters in the long term dynamics of the network. Once the regions are identified, a condition for the appearance of multiplicities is checked in the different regions by solving a given optimization problem. In this way, the method allows the characterization of the whole parameter space of biochemical networks in terms of the appearance or not of multistability. The approach is illustrated through a well-known case of enzymatic catalysis with substrate inhibitionThe authors acknowledge financial support received from\ud
the Spanish Government (DPI2004 - 07444 - C04 - 03) and\ud
Xunta de Galicia (PGIDIT02 - PXIC40209PN).Peer reviewe
Maximizing power production in a stack of microbial fuel cells using multiunit optimization method

This study demonstrates real-time maximization of power production in a stack of two continuous flow microbial fuel cells (MFCs). To maximize power output, external resistances of two air\u2013cathode membraneless MFCs were controlled by a multiunit optimization algorithm. Multiunit optimization is a recently proposed method that uses multiple similar units to optimize process performance. The experiment demonstrated fast convergence toward optimal external resistance and algorithm stability during external perturbations (e.g., temperature variations). Rate of the algorithm convergence was much faster than in traditional maximum power point tracking algorithms (MPPT), which are based on temporal perturbations. A power output of 81\u201384 mW/LA (A = anode volume) was achieved in each MFC.NRC publication: Ye
Assessment of physiological conditions in E. coli fermentations by epifluorescent microscopy and image analysis

The development of monitoring methods for assessing the physiological state of microorganisms during recombinant fermentation processes has been encouraged by the need to evaluate the influence of processing conditions in recombinant protein production. In this work, a technique based on microscopy and image analysis was developed that allows the simultaneous quantification of parameters associated with viability and fluorescent protein production in recombinant Escherichia coli fermentations. Images obtained from light microscopy with phase contrast are used to assess the total number of cells in a given sample and, from epifluorescence microscopy, both protein producing and injured cells are evaluated using two different fluorochromes: propidium iodide and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein. This technique revealed the existence of different cell populations in the recombinant E. coli fermentation broth that were evaluated along four batch fermentations, complementing information obtained with standard techniques to study the effects of the temperature and induction time in recombinant protein production processes.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - POCI/BIO/60139/200
Bacterial cellulose modified using recombinant proteins to improve neuronal and mesenchymal cell adhesion

A wide variety of biomaterials and bioactive molecules have been applied as scaffolds in neuronal tissue engineering. However, creating devices that enhance the regeneration of nervous system injuries is still a challenge, due the difficulty in providing an appropriate environment for cell growth and differentiation and active stimulation of nerve regeneration. 

In recent years, bacterial cellulose (BC) has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications due its properties, such as high crystallinity, an ultrafine fiber network, high tensile strength and biocompatibility. The small signaling peptides found in the proteins of extracellular matrix are described in the literature as promoters of adhesion and proliferation for several cell lineages on different surfaces. In this work, the peptide IKVAV was fused to a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3) and used to modify BC surfaces, with the goal of promoting neuronal and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion. The recombinant proteins IKVAV-CBM3 and (19)IKVAV-CBM3 were successfully expressed in E. coli, purified through affinity chromatography and stably adsorbed to the BC membranes. The effect of these recombinant proteins, as well as RGD-CBM3, on cell adhesion was evaluated by MTS colorimetric assay. The results showed that the (19)IKVAV-CBM3 was able to significantly improve the adhesion of both neuronal and mesenchymal cells and had no effect on the other cell lineages tested. The MSC neurotrophin expression in cells grown on BC membranes modified with the recombinant proteins was also analyzed.Renata A. N. Pertile gratefully acknowledges support by the Programme Al beta an, the European Union Programme of High Level Scholarships for Latin America (Scholarship No. E07D401931BR). The author Susana Moreira is recipient of a SFRH/BPD/64726/2009 fellowship from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). Fabia K. Andrade is the recipient of a fellowship from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, Brazil)
Target concentration dependence of DNA melting temperature on oligonucleotide microarrays

The design of microarrays is currently based on studies focusing on DNA hybridization reaction in bulk solution. However, the presence of a surface to which the probe strand is attached can make the solution‐based approximations invalid, resulting in sub‐optimum hybridization conditions. To determine the effect of surfaces on DNA duplex formation, the authors studied the dependence of DNA melting temperature (T m ) on target concentration. An automated system was developed to capture the melting profiles of a 25‐mer perfect‐match probe–target pair initially hybridized at 23°C. Target concentrations ranged from 0.0165 to 15 nM with different probe amounts (0.03–0.82 pmol on a surface area of 10 18  Å 2 ), a constant probe density (5 × 10 12  molecules/cm 2 ) and spacer length (15 dT). The authors found that T m  for duplexes anchored to a surface is lower than in‐solution, and this difference increases with increasing target concentration. In a representative set, a target concentration increase from 0.5 to 15 nM with 0.82 pmol of probe on the surface resulted in a T m  decrease of 6°C when compared with a 4°C increase in solution. At very low target concentrations, a multi‐melting process was observed in low temperature domains of the curves. This was attributed to the presence of truncated or mismatch probes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 201
Expanding the concepts and tools of metabolic engineering to elucidate cancer metabolism

The metabolic engineer's toolbox, comprising stable isotope tracers, flux estimation and analysis, pathway identification, and pathway kinetics and regulation, among other techniques, has long been used to elucidate and quantify pathways primarily in the context of engineering microbes for producing small molecules of interest. Recently, these tools are increasingly finding use in cancer biology due to their unparalleled capacity for quantifying intracellular metabolism of mammalian cells. Here, we review basic concepts that are used to derive useful insights about the metabolism of tumor cells, along with a number of illustrative examples highlighting the fundamental contributions of these methods to elucidating cancer cell metabolism. This area presents unique opportunities for metabolic engineering to expand its portfolio of applications into the realm of cancer biology and help develop new cancer therapies based on a new class of metabolically derived targets.German Science FoundationNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant 1R01 DK075850-01)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 CA160458
Modeling the influence of slurry concentration on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cake porosity and resistance during microfiltration

Filtration of an isotonic suspension of baker's yeast through a 0.45-μm membrane was studied at two different pressures, 40 and 80 kPa, for yeast concentrations ranging from 0.14 to 51 kg/m3 (dry weight). For a yeast volume fraction above 0.06 (∼21.8 kg/m3), the porosity of the yeast cake is less dependent on the suspension concentration. For highly diluted suspensions, the specific cake resistance approaches a minimum that depends on the filtration pressure. Correlation functions of cake porosity and specific cake resistance were obtained for the concentration range investigated showing that the Kozeny–Carman coefficient increases when the applied pressure increases. Both filtration pressure and slurry concentration can be process controlled. In the range of moderate yeast concentration, the filtrate flux may be increased by manipulating the filtration pressure and the slurry concentration, thereby improving the overall process efficiency. The complex behavior of yeast cakes at high slurry concentration can be described by a conventional model as long as part of yeast cells are assumed to form aggregates, which behave as single bigger particles. The aggregation effect may be accounted for using a binary mixture model.The authors acknowledge the grant given to Dr. Yelshin by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), without which this work would not be possible. The authors also acknowledge the FCT funding of the project POCTI/EQU/55837/2004, under which the present research was performed. This work is intended to render homage to Alexander Yelshin, a long-term partner who wrote several articles with the authors, who passed away suddenly, to our grief
Recombinant expression and purification of the antimicrobial peptide Magainin-2

Magainin-2 (MAG2) is a polycationic antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. It has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and induces osmotic lysis of protozoa. MAG2 also possesses antiviral and antitumoral properties. These activities make this peptide a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. Recombinant expression systems are necessary for the affordable production of large amounts of the biologically active peptide. In this work, MAG2 has been cloned to the N-terminal of a family III carbohydrate-binding module fused to the linker sequence (LK-CBM3) from Clostridium thermocellum; a formic acid recognition site was introduced between the two modules for chemical cleavage of the peptide.
The recombinant protein MAG2-LK-CBM3 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and MAG2 was successfully cleaved and purified from the fusion partner LK-CBM3. Its functionality was confirmed by testing its activity against Gram-negative bacteria
Optimizing microalgal production in raceway systems

International audienceThe industrial exploitation of microalgae is characterized by the production of high-value compounds. Optimization of the performance of microalgae culture systems is essential to render the process economically viable. For raceway systems, the optimization based on optimal control theory is rather challenging, because the process is by essence periodically forced and, as a consequence, optimization must be carried out in a periodic framework. In this article, we propose a simple operational criterion for raceway systems that when integrated in a strategy of closed-loop control allows attaining biomass productivities very near to the theoretical maximal productivities. The strategy developed was tested numerically using a mathematical model of microalgae growth in raceways. The model takes into account the temporal variation of the environmental variables temperature and light intensity and their influence on microalgae growth
Visualizing medium and biodistribution in complex cell culture bioreactors using in vivo imaging

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: RATCLIFFE, E., THOMAS, R. and STACEY, A., 2014. Visualizing medium and biodistribution in complex cell culture bioreactors using in vivo imaging. Biotechnology Progress, 30 (1), pp.256-260, which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/btpr.1840. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.There is a dearth of technology and methods to aid process characterization, control and scale-up of complex culture platforms that provide niche micro-environments for some stem cell-based products. We have demonstrated a novel use of 3d in vivo imaging systems to visualize medium flow and cell distribution within a complex culture platform (hollow fiber bioreactor) to aid characterization of potential spatial heterogeneity and identify potential routes of bioreactor failure or sources of variability. This can then aid process characterization and control of such systems with a view to scale-up. Two potential sources of variation were observed with multiple bioreactors repeatedly imaged using two different imaging systems: shortcutting of medium between adjacent inlet and outlet ports with the potential to create medium gradients within the bioreactor, and localization of bioluminescent murine 4T1-luc2 cells upon inoculation with the potential to create variable seeding densities at different points within the cell growth chamber. The ability of the imaging technique to identify these key operational bioreactor characteristics demonstrates an emerging technique in troubleshooting and engineering optimization of bioreactor performance