pinecone/core-2020-05-10-deduplication huggingface dataset:
General distress, hopelessness—suicidal ideation and worrying in adolescence: Concurrent and predictive validity of a symptom-level bifactor model for clinical diagnoses

BACKGROUND:\ud
Clinical disorders often share common symptoms and aetiological factors. Bifactor models acknowledge the role of an underlying general distress component and more specific sub-domains of psychopathology which specify the unique components of disorders over and above a general factor.\ud
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METHODS:\ud
A bifactor model jointly calibrated data on subjective distress from The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. The bifactor model encompassed a general distress factor, and specific factors for (a) hopelessness-suicidal ideation, (b) generalised worrying and (c) restlessness-fatigue at age 14 which were related to lifetime clinical diagnoses established by interviews at ages 14 (concurrent validity) and current diagnoses at 17 years (predictive validity) in a British population sample of 1159 adolescents.\ud
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RESULTS:\ud
Diagnostic interviews confirmed the validity of a symptom-level bifactor model. The underlying general distress factor was a powerful but non-specific predictor of affective, anxiety and behaviour disorders. The specific factors for hopelessness-suicidal ideation and generalised worrying contributed to predictive specificity. Hopelessness-suicidal ideation predicted concurrent and future affective disorder; generalised worrying predicted concurrent and future anxiety, specifically concurrent generalised anxiety disorders. Generalised worrying was negatively associated with behaviour disorders.\ud
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LIMITATIONS:\ud
The analyses of gender differences and the prediction of specific disorders was limited due to a low frequency of disorders other than depression.\ud
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CONCLUSIONS:\ud
The bifactor model was able to differentiate concurrent and predict future clinical diagnoses. This can inform the development of targeted as well as non-specific interventions for prevention and treatment of different disorders
Late Quaternary evolution and sea-level history of a glaciated marine embayment,\ud
Bantry Bay, SW Ireland

Ireland experienced a spatially complex pattern of relative sea-level (RSL) changes and shoreline development\ud
caused by the interplay of isostatic and eustatic (ice equivalent sea level) processes since the Last Glacial Maximum\ud
(LGM). Using a combination of high-resolutionmarine geophysical data, vibrocores, foraminiferal analysis\ud
and 10 AMS radiocarbon dates, we reconstruct the Late Quaternary evolution and RSL history of Bantry Bay, a\ud
large (40 km long, 5–10 km wide) embayment in SW Ireland.\ud
The data indicate two infill phases: one before and one after the LGM, separated by glacial and lowstand sediments.\ud
The pre-LGM history is not dated and the depositional history is inferred. A large sediment lobe formed\ud
at the outer edge of Bantry Bay as a lowstand ice-proximal glacimarine outwash system as the ice retreated\ud
after the LGM, at a sea level ca. 80 m lower than present. Iceberg scour immediately west of this location likely\ud
relate to the break-up of the local Kerry–Cork Ice Cap. Long curvilinear ridges, seen both offshore and on top of\ud
the sediment lobe, probably formed as shoreface ridges under stronger-than-present tidal currents during a period\ud
of RSL stability (pre-14.6 ka cal BP). A subsequent infill phase is characterised by a basin-wide erosional\ud
(ravinement) surface and the deposition of inter- and sub-tidal estuarine sediments. Although our data support\ud
the general trends, our stratigraphic and radiocarbon data suggest a higher sea level between 11 and 13.5 ka cal\ud
BP than predicted by existing glacial isostatic adjustment models
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - II profile of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Adaptive behaviour is a crucial area of assessment for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).  This study examined the adaptive behaviour profile of 77 young children with ASD using the Vineland-II, and analysed factors associated with adaptive functioning.  Consistent with previous research with the original Vineland a distinct autism profile of Vineland-II age equivalent scores, but not standard scores, was found.  Highest scores were in motor skills and lowest scores were in socialisation.  The addition of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) calibrated severity score did not contribute significant variance to Vineland-II scores beyond that accounted for by age and nonverbal ability.  Limitations, future directions, and implications are discussed
Wnt ligands secreted by subepithelial mesenchymal cells are essential for the survival of intestinal stem cells and gut homeostasis

Targeting of Wnt signaling represents a promising anti-cancer therapy. However, the consequences of systemically attenuating the Wnt pathway in an adult organism are unknown. Here, we globally prevent Wnt secretion by genetically ablating Wntless. We find that preventing Wnt signaling in the entire body causes mortality due to impaired intestinal homeostasis. This is caused by the loss of intestinal stem cells. Reconstitution of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via delivery of external Wnt ligands prolongs the survival of intestinal stem cells and reveals the essential role of extra-epithelial Wnt ligands for the renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Wnt2b is a key extra-epithelial Wnt ligand capable of promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling and intestinal homeostasis. Wnt2b is secreted by subepithelial mesenchymal cells that co-express either Gli1 or Acta2. Subepithelial mesenchymal cells expressing high levels of Wnt2b are predominantly Gli1 positive
Electroweak Measurements in Electron-Positron Collisions at W-Boson-Pair Energies at LEP

Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron-positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron-positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose-Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, $M_W$ and $\Gamma_W$, the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, $B(W\to\mathrm{had})$, and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings $g^Z_1$, $\kappa_\gamma$ and $\lambda_\gamma$ are determined to be: M_W = 80.376 \pm 0.033 ~GeV \Gamma_W = 2.195 \pm 0.083 ~GeV B(W\to\mathrm{had}) = 67.41 \pm 0.27 % g^Z_1 = 0.984 ^{+0.018}_{-0.020} \kappa_\gamma = 0.982 \pm 0.042 \lambda_\gamma = -0.022 \pm 0.01
Multiscale modelling framework for the fracture of thin brittle polycrystalline films: application to polysilicon

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) made of polycrystalline silicon are widely used in several engineering fields. The fracture properties of polycrystalline silicon directly affect their reliability. The effect of the orientation of grains on the fracture behaviour of polycrystalline silicon is investigated out of the several factors. This is achieved, firstly, by identifying the statistical variation of the fracture strength and critical strain energy release rate, at the nanoscopic scale, over a thin freestanding polycrystalline silicon film having mesoscopic scale dimensions. The fracture stress and strain at the mesoscopic level are found to be closely matching with uniaxial tension experimental results. Secondly, the polycrystalline silicon film is considered at the continuumMEMSscale, and its fracture behaviour is studied by incorporating the nanoscopic scale effect of grain orientation. The entire modelling and simulation of the thin film is achieved by combining the discontinuous Galerkin method and extrinsic cohesive law describing the fracture process
Coupled-channel effects in the pp -> pp K K- reaction

The cross sections for the pp -> ppK(+)K(-) reaction were measured at three beam energies 2.65, 2.70, and 2.83 GeV at the COSY-ANKE facility. The shape of the K+K- spectrum at low invariant masses largely reflects the importance of K (K) over bar final state interactions. It is shown that these data can be understood in terms of an elastic K+K- rescattering plus a contribution coming from the production of a K-0(K) over bar (0) pair followed by a charge-exchange rescattering. Though the data are not yet sufficient to establish the size of the cusp at the K-0(K) over bar (0) threshold, the low mass behaviour suggests that isospin-zero production is dominant. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Bounding the greybody factors for scalar field excitations on the Kerr-Newman spacetime

Finding exact solutions for black-hole greybody factors is generically impractical; typically one resorts either to making semi-analytic or numerical estimates, or alternatively to deriving rigorous analytic bounds. Indeed, rigorous bounds have already been established for the greybody factors of Schwarzschild and Riessner-Nordström black holes, and more generally for those of arbitrary static spherically symmetric asymptotically flat black holes. Adding rotation to the problem greatly increases the level of difficulty, both for purely technical reasons (the Kerr or Kerr-Newman black holes are generally much more difficult to work with than the Schwarzschild or Reissner-Nordström black holes), but also at a conceptual level (due to the generic presence of super-radiant modes). In the current article we analyze bounds on the greybody factors for scalar field excitations on the Kerr-Newman geometry in some detail, first for zero-angular-momentum modes, then for the non-super-radiant modes, and finally for the super-radiant modes
Introduction to Khovanov homologies. III. A new and simple tensor-algebra construction of Khovanov–Rozansky invariants

We continue to develop the tensor-algebra approach to knot polynomials with the goal to present the story in elementary and comprehensible form. The previously reviewed description of Khovanov cohomologies for the gauge group of rank <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>N</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> was based on the cut-and-join calculus of the planar cycles, which are involved rather artificially. We substitute them by alternative and natural set of cycles, not obligatory planar. Then the whole construction is straightforwardly lifted from <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">SL</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> to <math altimg="si3.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="italic">SL</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and reproduces Khovanov–Rozansky (KR) polynomials, simultaneously for all values of N. No matrix factorization and related tedious calculations are needed in such approach, which can therefore become not only conceptually, but also practically useful
Six-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories, quantum cohomology of instanton moduli spaces and gl ( N ) Quantum Intermediate Long Wave Hydrodynamics

We show that the exact partition function of U( N ) six-dimensional gauge theory with eight supercharges on ℂ 2 × S 2 provides the quantization of the integrable system of hydrodynamic type known as gl ( N ) periodic Intermediate Long Wave (ILW). We characterize this system as the hydrodynamic limit of elliptic Calogero-Moser integrable system. We compute the Bethe equations from the effective gauged linear sigma model on S 2 with target space the ADHM instanton moduli space, whose mirror computes the Yang-Yang function of gl ( N ) ILW. The quantum Hamiltonians are given by the local chiral ring observables of the six-dimensional gauge theory. As particular cases, these provide the gl ( N ) Benjamin-Ono and Korteweg-de Vries quantum Hamiltonians. In the four dimensional limit, we identify the local chiral ring observables with the conserved charges of Heisenberg plus W N algebrae, thus providing a gauge theoretical proof of AGT correspondence
A partial μ – τ symmetry and its prediction for leptonic CP violation

We find that the lepton flavor mixing matrix U should possess a partial μ – τ permutation symmetry |Uμ1|=|Uτ1| , and the latter predicts a novel correlation between the Dirac CP-violating phase δ and three flavor mixing angles θ12 , θ13 and θ23 in the standard parametrization. Inputting the best-fit values of these angles reported by Capozzi et al., we obtain the prediction δ≃255° in the normal neutrino mass ordering, which is in good agreement with the best-fit result δ≃250° . In this connection the inverted neutrino mass ordering is slightly disfavored. If this partial μ – τ symmetry is specified to be |Uμ1|=|Uτ1|=1/6 , one can reproduce the phenomenologically-favored relation sin2⁡θ12=(1−2tan2⁡θ13)/3 and a viable two-parameter description of U which were first uncovered in 2006. Moreover, we point out that the octant of θ23 and the quadrant of δ can be resolved due to the slight violation of |Uμ2|=|Uτ2| and |Uμ3|=|Uτ3| either at the tree level or from radiative corrections
Spectroscopy of 74 Ge: From soft to rigid triaxiality

The first heavy ion fusion–evaporation reaction study for 74 Ge has been performed through the reaction channel <math altimg="si1.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mtext>Zn</mtext></mrow><mprescripts/><none/><mrow><mn>70</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mmultiscripts><mrow><mtext>Li</mtext></mrow><mprescripts/><none/><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mmultiscripts><mrow><mtext>Ge</mtext></mrow><mprescripts/><none/><mrow><mn>74</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> at beam energies of 30 and 35 MeV. Previously known yrast band is extended to higher spins and five new collective bands are established. Based on comparison with the neighboring 72,76 Ge isotopes, an intermediate pattern of energy staggering <math altimg="si2.gif" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> is observed in the γ band of 74 Ge. The collective structure of 74 Ge, including the excitation energies and transition probabilities of ground-state band and γ band, is reproduced by the state-of-the-art five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian (5DCH) model constructed from the covariant density functional. By including the 72,76,78 Ge isotopes, systematical investigation of the structure evolution in Ge isotopes is performed. Based on the systematic comparisons and analysis, the triaxial evolution with spin in 74 Ge is revealed and 74 Ge is found to be the crucial nucleus marking the triaxial evolution from soft to rigid in Ge isotopes
Radiative and seesaw threshold corrections to the S3 symmetric neutrino mass matrix

We systematically analyze the radiative corrections to the S3 symmetric neutrino mass matrix at high energy scale, say the GUT scale, in the charged lepton basis. There are significant corrections to the neutrino parameters both in the Standard Model (SM) and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with large tan⁡β , when the renormalization group evolution (RGE) and seesaw threshold effects are taken into consideration. We find that in the SM all three mixing angles and atmospheric mass squared difference are simultaneously obtained in their current 3 σ ranges at the electroweak scale. However, the solar mass squared difference is found to be larger than its allowed 3 σ range at the low scale in this case. There are significant contributions to neutrino masses and mixing angles in the MSSM with large tan⁡β from the RGEs even in the absence of seesaw threshold corrections. However, we find that the mass squared differences and the mixing angles are simultaneously obtained in their current 3 σ ranges at low energy when the seesaw threshold effects are also taken into account in the MSSM with large tan⁡β
Composite leptoquarks and anomalies in B -meson decays

We attempt to explain recent anomalies in semileptonic B decays at LHCb via a composite Higgs model, in which both the Higgs and an SU(2) L -triplet leptoquark arise as pseudo-Goldstone bosons of the strong dynamics. Fermion masses are assumed to be generated via the mechanism of partial compositeness, which largely determines the leptoquark couplings and implies non-universal lepton interactions. The latter are needed to accommodate tensions in the b → sμμ dataset and to be consistent with a discrepancy measured at LHCb in the ratio of B + → K + μ + μ − to B + → K + e + e − branching ratios. The data imply that the leptoquark should have a mass of around a TeV. We find that the model is not in conflict with current flavour or direct production bounds, but we identify a few observables for which the new physics contributions are close to current limits and where the leptoquark is likely to show up in future measurements. The leptoquark will be pair-produced at the LHC and decay predominantly to third-generation quarks and leptons, and LHC13 searches will provide further strong bounds
Cornering dimension-6 HV V interactions at high energy LHC: the role of event ratios

We suggest a way of improving the probes on dimension-6 CP-conserving HV V interactions ( V = W , Z ,γ),fromtheLHCdataontheHiggsbosontobeavailableinthe 14 TeV run with an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb −1 . We find that the ratios of total rates in different channels can be quite useful in this respect. This includes ratios of event rates in (a) different final states for the Higgs produced by the same production mechanism, and (b) the same final state from two different production modes. While most theoretical uncertainties cancel in the former, the latter helps in the case of those operators which shift the numerator and denominator in opposite directions. Our analysis, incorporating theoretical, systematic and statistical uncertain, leads to projected limits that are better than the strongest ones obtained so far from precision electroweak as well as LHC Higgs data. Moreover, values of the coefficients of the dimension-6 operators, which are allowed in disjoint intervals, can have their ranges narrowed down substantially in our approach
Analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC as substrates for angiotensin 1-converting enzyme

The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) converts the decapeptide angiotensin I (Ang I) into angiotensin II by releasing the C-terminal dipeptide. A novel approach combining enzymatic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies was developed to determine the enzyme effect on Ang I containing the paramagnetic 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) at positions 1, 3, 8, and 9. Biological assays indicated that TOAC(1)-Ang I maintained partly the Ang I activity, and that only this derivative and the TOAC(3)-Ang I were cleaved by ACE. Quenching of Tyr(4) fluorescence by TOAC decreased with increasing distance between both residues, suggesting an overall partially extended structure. However, the local bend known to be imposed by the substituted diglycine TOAC is probably responsible for steric hindrance, not allowing the analogues containing TOAC at positions 8 and 9 to act as substrates. in some cases, although substrates and products differ by only two residues, the difference between their EPR spectral lineshapes allows monitoring the enzymatic reaction as a function of time. (c) 2007 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Chem, Dept Biochem, BR-05513870 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biophys, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc
Reconstructing animal husbandry: Trauma in Meleagris gallopavo (domestic turkey) ulnae from the American Southwest (c. 900–1678 CE)

Palaeopathological and metrical analyses of faunal remains have the potential to illuminate features of past husbandry practices including demography, stocking, injury and care, housing, transport and movement, diet, and breeding. This paper presents the results of metrical and palaeopathological analyses of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) remains from nine assemblages excavated from sites across the American Southwest. \ud
Metrical data demonstrate variation in the size and overall morphology of turkeys across these sites and support the idea that meat production was not the sole purpose for turkey husbandry. The most frequently occurring type of lesion in any skeletal element was trauma (physical injury), and 36% of these pathologies were present in ulnae. Lesions in ulnae at five sites provide evidence for the possibility that feathers were harvested from live turkeys at some sites.Peer-reviewedPublisher Versio
A gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 and perlecan is available to lens epithelial cells.

Fibroblast growth factors play a key role in regulating lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation via an anteroposterior gradient that exists between the aqueous and vitreous humours. FGF-2 is the most important for lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. It has been proposed that the presentation of FGF-2 to the lens epithelial cells involves the lens capsule as a source of matrix-bound FGF-2. Here we used immunogold labelling to measure the matrix-bound FGF-2 gradient on the inner surface of the lens capsule in flat-mounted preparations to visualize the FGF-2 available to lens epithelial cells. We also correlated FGF-2 levels with levels of its matrix-binding partner perlecan, a heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) and found the levels of both to be highest at the lens equator. These also coincided with increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (pERK1/2) in lens epithelial cells that localised to condensed chromosomes of epithelial cells that were Ki-67 positive. The gradient of matrix-bound FGF-2 (anterior pole: 3.7 ± 1.3 particles/μm2; equator: 8.2 ± 1.9 particles/μm2; posterior pole: 4 ± 0.9 particles/μm2) and perlecan (anterior pole: 2.1 ± 0.4 particles/μm2; equator: 5 ± 2 particles/μm2; posterior pole: 1.9 ± 0.7 particles/μm2) available at the inner lens capsule surface was measured for the bovine lens. These data support the anteroposterior gradient hypothesis and provide the first measurement of the gradient for an important morphogen and its HSPG partner, perlecan, at the epithelial cell-lens capsule interface